,-. A TIBETAN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY WITH SPECIAL BEFERENCE TO THE PREVAILING DIALECTS. TO WHICH IS ADDED AN ENGLISH-TIBETAN VOCABULARY. BY H. A. JASCHKE. LATE MORAVIAN MISSIONARY AT KYELANG, BRITISH LAHOUL. PREPARED AND PUBLISHED AT THE CHARGE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA IN COUNCIL. LONDON 1881. PREFACE. This work represents a new and thoroughly revised edition of a Tibetan-German Dictionary, which appeared in a lithographed form between the years 1871 and 1876. During a residence, which commenced in 1857 and extended over a number of years, on the borders of Tibet and among Tibetan tribes, I and my colleagues gathered the materials for this Dictionary. We had to take primarily into account the needs of missionaries entering upon new regions, and then of those who might hereafter follow into the same field of enterprize. The chief motive of all our exertions lay always in the desire to facilitate and to hasten the spread of the Christian religion and of Christian civilization, among the millions of Buddhists, who inhabit Central Asia, and who speak and read in Tibetan idioms. A yet more definite object influenced my own personal linguistic researches, in as much as I had undertaken to make preparations for the translation of the Holy Scrip- tures into the Tibetan speech. J approached and carried forward this task by way of a careful examination of the full sense and exact range of words in their ordinary and common usage. For it seemed to me that, if Buddhist readers were to be brought into contact with Biblical and Christian ideas, the introduction to so foreign and strange a train of thought, and one making the largest demands upon the character and the imagi- nation, had best be made through the medium of a phraseology and diction as simple, as clear, and as popular as possible. My instrument must be, as in the case of every successful translator of the Bible, so to say, not a technical, but the vulgar tongue. Thus, in contrast to the business of the European philologist, engaged in the same domain, who quite rightly occupies himself with the analysis and commentary of a lite- rary language, the vocabulary and terminology of which he finds mainly deposited in the speculative writings of the Buddhist philosophers, it became my duty to embrace every opportunity, with which my presence on the spot favoured me, to trace the living powers of words and of expressions through their consecutive historical applications, till I reached their last signification in their modern equivalents, as these are embodied in the provincial dialects of the native tribes of our own time. These circumstances, it is hoped, will excuse and explain the system of my work. As an inventory of the whole treasure of the language, as a finished key to its lite- rature, this Dictionary, when judged by the high standard of modern lexicography, may seem inadequate ; I have, for instance, been unable to consult, much as I could have wished to have done so, all the original and translated treatises in Tibetan which, down to the present, have appeared in Europe, and the reader of a Tibetan work may thus, here and there, look in vain for the assistance he expects. On the other hand, a consistent attempt is here made for the first time, 1. to give a rational account of the development of the values and meanings of words in this language; 2. to distinguish precisely the various IV transitions in periods of literature and varieties of dialect; 3. to make sure of each step by the help of accurate and copious illustrations and examples. I have done my utmost to arm^e at certainty where, heretofore, much was mere guess-work, and I cherish the hope that, from this point of view, my contribution will be welcomed by the comparative philologist, and will be serviceable to the general cause of learning, as well as a useful volume within that narrower circle, whose requirements I was specially bound not to overlook, of persons whose main purpose is to be taught how to write and speak the mo- dern Tibetan tongue. There are two Chief periods of literary activity to be noticed in studying the origin and growth of Tibetan literature and the landmarks in the history of the language. The first is the Period of Translations which, however, might also be entitled the Classical Period, for the sanctity of the religious message conferred a corresponding reputation and tradition of excellence upon the form , in which it was conveyed. This period be- gins in the first half of the seventh century, when Thonini Sambhota, the minister of king Srongtsangampo, was sent to India to learn Sanskrit. His invention of the Tibetan alphabet gave a twofold impulse: for several centuries the wisdom of India and the in- genuity of Tibet laboured in unison and with the greatest industry and enthusiasm at the work of translation. The tribute due to real genius must be awarded to these early pioneers of Tibetan grammar. They had to grapple with the infinite wealth and refinement of Sanskrit, they had to save the independence of their own tongue, while they strove to subject it to the rule of scientific principles, and it is most remarkable, how they managed to produce translations at once literal and faithful to the spirit of the original. The first masters had made for their later disciples a comparatively easy road, for the style and contexts of the writings, with which the translators had to deal, present very uniform fea- tures. When once typical patterns had been furnished, it was possible for the literary manufacture to be extended by a sort of mechanical process. A considerable time elapsed before natives of Tibet began to indulge in compositions of their own. When they did so, the subject matter, chosen by them to operate upon, was either of an historical or a legendary kind. In this Second Period the language shows much resemblance to the modern tongue, approaching most closely the present idiom of Central Tibet. We find a greater freedom in construction, a tendency to use abbreviated forms (thus the mere verbal root is often inflected in the place of a complete infinitive), and a certain number of new T grammatical combinations. The present language of the people has as many dialects, as the country has provinces. Indeed, as in most geographically similar districts, well nigh every separate mountain valley has its own singularities as to modes of utterance and favourite collocations of words. Especially is it interesting to note, in respect to pronunciation, how the old consonants, which would seem to have been generally sounded and spoken twelve centuries ago, when the Tibetan written character came into existence, and which, at any rate, are marked by the primitive system of writing, remain still extant; every one of them can still be disinterr- ed, somewhere or other, from some local peculiarity of language, and thus even the very diversity of modern practice can be made to bear testimony to the standards imposed by what was termed above the Classical Period. (Compare my Essay on the Phonetic System of the Tibetan language in the Monthly Reports of the Royal Academy of Science at Berlin 1867, p. 148 etc.) I have already adverted to the circumstances which, especially in the case of the student, who has for immediate object to learn how to read and write the Tibetan language, render existing dictionaries almost if not quite useless. They give but scanty information concerning modes of construction, variations and limits of actual application , shades of meaning etc. In my own case, I was forced from the beginning to compile my own German-Tibetan dictionary, and found myself for all practical purposes thrown back upon my own resources. But the cause of truth appears to require a further word or two in regard to the Lexicon by Professor I. J. Schmidt of St. Petersburg, the relation of that work to its predecessors having been left by its author in some obscurity. The first Tibetan dictionary, intended for European students, was published atSeram- pore, as long ago as 1826. It contains the collections, amassed in view of a dictionary and grammar, by a Roman Catholic missionary, who was stationed in eastern Tibet or close to the frontier in Bhotan. There was nothing to assist him, except the scanty con- tributions, given by Georgi, in his Alphabetum Tibetanum. He had to cope with an entirely unworked language. He evidently took the one way possible of making acquaint- ance with it, sufficient to enable him to understand, to speak, to read and write. Each word or sentence was jotted down, as soon as it was heard, or was committed to writing, at the request of the learner, by some native expert. After a while, the attempt could be made to master a book. In the instance of our missionary, Padma Sambhava's book of legends appears to have been selected, a work which represents rather a low level of li- terature, yet just on that account, perhaps, as a specimen of popular and current literature, not unsuitable to start from. Then, step by step, as best he could, our missionary had to possess himself of some abstract views, which would serve as a preliminary basis for a grammar. And had it been granted to this first occupant of the field to reduce his materials to an ordered system and to prepare them himself for publication, it is possible, that in Europe the knowledge of the Tibetan language might have reached, some fifty years earlier, the stage at which it has now arrived. The very name of that Roman Catholic missionary, however, has been lost. The papers which he left behind him, unsorted and unsifted, came into the hands of Major Latter, an English officer, and were passed on by him to Mr. Schroter, a missionary in Bengal. English was substituted for the Italian of the manuscript, and the East India Company made a grant which defrayed the cost of the Tibetan types and the further expenses of printing. But there was no Tibetan scholar to correct the proofs. The author himself would doubtless, on reconsideration, have detected and dismissed much erroneous or unnecessary matter. As it was, many additional mistakes crept in during the passage through the press. Thus the work, though it has a richer vocabulary than can be found in the later dictionaries, cannot on any questionable point be accepted as an authority, and has only value for those who are al- ready competent, for themselves, to weigh and decide upon the statements and interpre- tations it advances. I have not been able to extract from it much that was serviceable to me. Nevertheless, any one who knows by experience what time and toil such a work must have cost, though its design remained unfulfilled and its object unaccomplished, will not easily be able to repress his indignation at the tone, in which this book in the preface to his Grammar (p. VI) is recklessly and absolutely condemned by Professor Schmidt. High praise, however, is awarded by the Professor to a second work, the Tibetan- English Dictionary by Csoma de Koros, which appeared in 1834. This work deserves all eulogy; but the Professor's manner, which imitates that of a master commending a pupil, is, though on other grounds, as unwarranted and as offensive in this as in the former case. The work of Csoma de Koros is that of an original investigator and the fruit of almost unparalleled determination and patience. The compiler, in order to dedicate him- self to the study of Tibetan literature, lived like a monk for years among the inmates of a Tibetan monastery. It is to be regretted that, with the knowledge he certainly must have possessed of the later language and literature, he should have restricted the scope of his labours to the earlier periods of literature, and when in his Grammar conversational VI phrases are quoted as examples, they are almost without exception in the dialect of the Kangyur, and of little practical value. This Tibetan-English dictionary by Csoma has been adapted for a German public by Professor I. J. S chmidt of St. Petersburg. The translation from English into German is good; in the general alphabetical arrangement improvements have been introduced, and such as are in conformity with the spirit of the language ; moreover, three Mongolian dictionaries have been consulted, and from these a certain number of words have been sup- plemented. But it cannot be said that even on the work of revision Professor Schmidt has bestowed much pains. For example, Csoma's rough grouping of words under the prin- cipal headings is left unaltered, though here especially a reduction to alphabetical order was obviously required. Mistakes and superfluities, very pardonable in the case of a first issue of an original publication, are repeated in this translation, and these cannot be so readily overlooked and condoned, when they are made at second hand, and are sanctioned and subscribed to by one, who has assumed so severe a critical and editorial attitude. The national dictionaries of Tibet itself, so far as I have met with such, are either little haadbooks, meant only to furnish a correct orthography, or they are glossaries of antiquated forms. The absence of an alphabetical order in them makes the business of reference very troublesome. It is by great good luck that one sometimes finds an other- wise unknown word after a prolonged search. My own dictionary, in the main, pursues the object and accepts the plan of the work, which was published by Mr. Schroter. As I said at the beginning, I have not restricted myself to the Classical Period, but I have endeavoured to deal with the Tibetan language as a whole, though I do not pretend to have performed this task exhaustively. My dic- tionary derives its matter and its principles, so far as possible, equally from the literature and from the speech of the people. Each word has been made the object of observation in its relation to the context as it occurs in books , and in its value and place among others when it is used in common conversation, and then the attempt has been made to define its range and to fix its meaning. All the words, cited by Csoma and Schmidt, even such as I myself had never seen or heard, I have embodied in this work, stating, in each case, the source from whence I drew them. The signification in Sanskrit has been added, whenever this seemed likely to be useful or interesting to the student of Tibetan literature. Of proper names only the most important are given. The great number of diacritical marks will perhaps prove irksome to the English reader; yet, they were not to be dispensed with, if the pronunciation of Tibetan letters and words was to be represented with any degree of exactness, and the method of Prof. Lepsius seemed the most eligible among all the systems available for my purpose. The student, however, need not be disheartened, as he is not obliged to make himself acquaint- ed with all the minutiae of the system, but need only direct his attention to the peculiari- ties of that dialect, within the limits of which his inquiries, for the time, are confined. And by-the-by it may be observed, that the multitude of little marks, of manifold descrip- tion, cannot be startling to the Indian reader, who was ever necessitated to make himself familiar with systems quite as complicated, as e.g. the Urdu alphabet. One word more of apology. Of publications in general it has been said, that "when human care has done its best, there will be found a certain percentage of error". And the probability is but too great, that this dictionary will exhibit a number of defi- ciencies and faults, in the English text as well as in the Tibetan transcript. Still, I ven- ture to hope that an indulgent Public will be ready to make every reasonable allowance. in consideration of the peculiar difficulties, which attach to the execution of a work like the present, and which, moreover, were not a little increased, in this instance, by the fact that the compositors of the press were altogether unacquainted with English. I should be guilty of great ingratitude, if I were not to mention my obligations to two friends, without whose kind and efficient aid it would have been impossible for me, in my present infirm state, to complete this work, which was commenced in the days of health and vigour, viz. to the Rev. T. Rei die It, formerly a Missionary of the Moravian Church in, South Africa, and to Mr. F. W. Petersen, a relative of mine. Further, I desire to record ray obligations for various acts of kindness, encouragement, assistance and advice, during the prosecution of my researches and the completion of my work, to A. C. Burnell Esq. M. R. A. S., in India; Dr. E. Schlagintweit in Bavaria, Dr. Thomson and Dr. Aitchison of Kew, Dr. Kurz of Calcutta, and R. Laing Esq. M. A., Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Not the least debt of gratitude is that which I owe to Dr. R. Rost in London, Secre- tary of the Royal Asiatic Society, to whose exertions, indeed, the execution of this work is, properly speaking, entirely due, inas much as he kindly interested the Indian Govern- ment on behalf of my undertaking. Herrnhut, January 1881. H. A.J. INTRODUCTION. I. THE TIBETAN ALPHABET. CONSONANTS. The names of all the Consonants sound in a, pronounced like the a in the English word 'far'. Tj ka pronounced like the French c car $J ma mart P Ka like the English c or k cart *f\ ga harder than the English (hard) g na ng pang \5 ca the soft English g ginger cB ca ch chart 5> j jar 9> 7M/a the French gn campagne 5 ta the French t tard ] fa the English t tart ^ da dart <5 wa nard ] pa the French p pas S$ pa the English p part ^ ba bard *) x fea (ts) parts cb fsa (aspirated) E( cfea (ds) guards Q m waft (j za (zh) like the English s in leisure 3 za like the English z zeal Q\ . (basis for vowels) | *) ya yard ^ **) ? rasp OJ ^a last W^ sa (sh) sharp $J sa salve ^ Aa half t^J 'a (basis for vowels) 2/0, when combined, as second consonant, with k- and p-sounds, or with in, is written under the first letter, assuming the shape of ^, thus Q %a, J pya, 5J mya etc. **) a; ra -> wnen combined as second letter, with k-, t- and p-sounds is written under the first, in the shape of -j, thus: ^1, kra, ^ tra, ^ bra etc. When com- bined with another consonant as first letter, it is written over the second, thus: ff] rka, ^ rha, 5 rda etc., but it is seldom heard in speaking. The so-called Sanskrit Cerebrals are represented in Tibetan letters by ^, P, ^, ^>, p, IX and when in this dictionary they are transcribed, they are marked by a dot underneath : *, /, d, n, s. The figure < (wa-zur or small wo) attached to the foot of a letter, is often used to distinguish homonyms in writing , e.g. & fsa hot and 3> fsa (fswa) salt. The dot, which stands at the end of every syllable and of every word, is called Tseg (fseg) and is indispensable for a correct writing or reading. When ^H stands as a prefix, it is, when transcribed, represented by y, e.g. ycig, ^]^^ ytam etc. VOWELS. The alphabetical order of the vowels is: a, i, u, e, o; they have in Tibetan the same sound as they have in German, Italian, and most other European languages: a sounds like the English a in 'far', i like ee in 'peer' or i in 'pin', u like u in 'rule' or in 'pull', e like a in 'fate' or e in 'met', o like o in 'note' or in 'not'. As the vowel a is inherent in every consonant, so that even a single letter may form a word, e.g. ^* ba (cow), $!* sa (earth), there is no special character or letter required for this vowel. The other four vowels are represented by little hooks, ^ standing for *, ^ for M, "^ for , ~^ for o. The marks for i, e, o are placed over the letter, that for u under it. Examples: K*&T pad-ma, *\ ri, $|" me, ^*&f bu-mo. The letter ^ is used as a basis for initial vowels, thus-^ {T$T 'a-ma; the letter Py serves as a basis for initial and final vowels : CyJ* ^o-ma, ^K-V dga. The vowel-sounds of P^, when transcribed, are indicated by the mark : P^a, P^, P^w, P^ < ^, W^ < o, whilst the l^-vowels are denoted by the mark ' placed over the re- spective letters: IJ 'a, iS) V, ^ X ^ '^ ^ 'o. The real nature of the letters P^ and !{ is treated of in the latter part of the Introduction. Whenever P^ is a prefixed letter, the mark o, in transcribing, is put under the con- sonant following the P^ e.g. P^ O du, Note. For a ready 'finding of words' in the Dictionary, it should be borne in mind, that the articles are arranged in the alphabetical order of the initial consonants and their prefixed and superscribed letters. Thus: TJ ^T| ^T| fh a S_ . etc. etc. II. PRONUNCIATION. With regard to the language, with which I am dealing, it must, on the one hand, be admitted, that distinctions between sounds and, especially, variations in the mode of expressing their values as embodied in a written character, are far more numerous in Tibetan than either in Sanskrit or Hindi, in which two languages there is really little or no opening for mistake or ambiguity in this respect. But on the other hand, Tibetan is INTRODUCTION. I. THE TIBETAN ALPHABET. CONSONANTS. The names of all the Consonants sound in a, pronounced like the a in the English word 'far'. ^ ka pronounced like the French c car 5J ma mart P Ka like the English c or k cart ^ ga harder than the English (hard) g C; no, ng pang x$ ca the soft English g ginger cS ca ch chart 5 > j jar ^ nya the French gn campagne 5 ta the French t tard | fa the English t tart *s t?a dart <X wa nard J pa the French p pas 5J pa the English p part J ba bard *) tsa (ts) parts <3b fsa (aspirated) E( <fea (ds) guards 2J wa waft (Sj za (zh) like the English s in leisure 3 za like the English z zeal (^ ^a (basis for vowels) WJ *) ya yard ^ **) ra rasp OJ fa last A sa (sh) sharp ^| sa salve ^ ha half ^J 'a (basis for vowels) 2/a, when combined, as second consonant, with k- and p-sounds, or with m, is written under the first letter, assuming the shape of ^, thus JJ % a ? 3 ^ a ' ^ mya etc. **) ^ ", when combined as second letter, with k-, t- and p-sounds is written under the first, in the shape of ~j , thus : HI kra, S tra, ^ bra etc. When com- bined with another consonant *& first letter, it is written over the second, thus : Tfl rka, ^ rna, rda etc., but it is seldom heard in speaking. The so-called Sanskrit Cerebrals are represented in Tibetan letters by ^, P, p, jB, p., and when in this dictionary they are transcribed, they are marked by a dot underneath : t, /, d, n, s. The figure < (ii-a-zur or small wa) attached to the foot of a letter, is often used to distinguish homonyms in writing, e.g. <3-> fsa hot and cb fsa (fswa) salt. The dot, which stands at the end of every syllable and of every word, is called Tseg (fseg) and is indispensable for a correct writing or reading. When ^| stands as a prefix, it is, when transcribed, represented by /, e.g. ycig, ^^ ytam etc. VOWELS. The alphabetical order of the vowels is: a, i, u, e, o; they have in Tibetan the same sound as they have in German, Italian, and most other European languages: a sounds like the English a in 'far', i like ee in 'peer' or i in 'pin', u like u in 'rule' or in 'pull', e like a in 'fate' or e in 'met', o like o in 'note' or in 'not'. As the vowel a is inherent in every consonant, so that even a single letter may form a word, e.g. ^' ba (cow), $f sa (earth), there is no special character or letter required for this vowel. The other four vowels are represented by little hooks, ^ standing for t, ^ for u, ^ for , ~^ for o. The marks for *', 0, o are placed over the letter, that for u under it. Examples: J^*&T pad-ma, t\ ri, &|* me, ^T^f bu-mo. The letter tfj is used as a basis for initial vowels, thus-; t^'&T 'a -ma; the letter (^ serves as a basis for initial and final vowels: Q^J" ^o-ma, ^^P\ dga. The vowel-sounds of ^, when transcribed, are indicated by the mark < : ^ <a, Q^z, ^< w > ^\ < e i \ <> whilst the lJ -vowels are denoted by the mark ' placed over the re- spective letters: l^| 'a, lls 'i, ^ 'u, I^| 'e, D^ 'o. The real nature of the letters f^and I?! is treated of in the latter part of the Introduction. Whenever (^ is a prefixed letter, the mark o, in transcribing, is put under the con- sonant following the Q^ e.g. Q^ O c?w, Q]^" ^ro-ba. Note. For a ready 'finding of words' in the Dictionary, it should be borne in mind, that the articles are arranged in the alphabetical order of the initial consonants and their prefixed and superscribed letters. Thus: TJ 57T] pTj A oj ^ . ra_jra_Qm_ etc. etc. II. PRONUNCIATION. With regard to the language, with which I am dealing, it must, on the one hand, be admitted, that distinctions between sounds and, especially, variations in the mode of expressing their values as embodied in a written character, are far more numerous in Tibetan than either in Sanskrit or Hindi, in which two languages there is really little or no opening for mistake or ambiguity in this respect. But on the other hand, Tibetan is scarcely more irregular than French pronunciation, and a few definite rules enjoy univer- sally recognized acceptation. There is, however, one special difficulty in the case of Tibetan which, at the present stage of that language, renders it practically impossible to set up an equable and autho- ritative standard of pronunciation, and this is the existence of a great number of indepen- dent and well-defined dialects. An attempt to deal partially with this difficulty, to append, let me suppose, to every word from three to five different pronunciations would involve a waste of time and an extension of space quite disproportionate to the value of the result. And yet, if one has to strike a preference in favour of one particular dialect, it is very hard to determine, which is to be selected. At first sight, it might seem the most natural course to fix upon the speech of the best educated classes in the capital city Lhasa. But when this method was followed, or when at least an endeavour was made to act upon it, by Georgi and then by Schroter, only scant approval was bestowed upon it by European critics, and there were and are several reasonable arguments to be urged against its adoption. Of all the dialects this presents to the European ear and tongue the greatest difficulties, and accommodates itself least readily to the written character. More- over, in my own case, I have to add that I do not consider myself sufficiently master of it to care to risk its application to each individual word. Besides, modern political cir- cumstances make this dialect, for the present, the least available for general use. Csoma chose a much more manageable and a much more widely circulating mode of pronunciation, though one which presents problems of its own, when it has to be fitted to the written character: the West-Tibetan dialect. Here again, in representing each separate word, one has, in reality, to make choice between two, three or four pronuncia- tions, of which one agrees best with the written character, another conforms closest to the rules of spelling, a third recommends itself as that most frequent in conversational language. In my own smaller Tibetan dictionary I went no farther than to distinguish between two principal groups, which I termed West-Tibetan and Central-Tibetan; but in a more scientific work like the present I may permit myself to call more minute at- tention to the niceties and refinements of the language before us. I have, accordingly, published a number of specimens from my note-book, in which I kept a collection of typ- ical w r ords, of which k l availed myself as often as I had the opportunity of meeting the representatives of remote districts, and of enquiring concerning their manner of speech at home. Whenever in this collection a word had nc-t been entered on sound native authority, or had not been sufficiently discussed, I preferred to mark it with a note of interrogation, and not to allow any conclusion from analogy, or any theory of pronun- ciation to interfere with the design of my handy-book and its simple and unprejudiced statement of fact. I may therefore, I hope, claim for this list a high degree of trust- worthiness, even among collections of the kind, into which words can sometimes have slipped, as they had been heard once, and perhaps w r ere not heard again. In order to denote the pronunciation, I follow the scheme of Professor Lepsius. Some objections have been urged against this scheme; yet, amongst all systems of the kind, so far as I have become acquainted with them, I have no hesitation in affirming that of Professor Lepsius to be the best, and it is certainly also that most appropriate for my purpose. A thorough study of the 'Standard Alphabet by R. L epsius, 2 nd edi- tion, London, Williams and Norgate. Berlin, Hertz, 1863' may be recommended to all persons, who interest themselves in phonetic investigations. As I can scarcely take it for granted, that the work mentioned will be already in the hands of every one, who may consult my dictionary, I shall endeavour, as briefly as possible, to indicate its essential plan and principles. Its rules may be stated as follows: XI In order to mark sound, Lepsius uses the letters of the ordinary Latin alphabet. Where these are insufficient, he calls in the aid of a few Greek letters. Letters are used with the powers they most generally possess in European languages. (Thus z has its usual force, and does not stand for the peculiar sound ts, which belongs to it in the Ger- man language alone.) Sounds which lack exact representation are indicated by diacritical marks, placed above or below the letters which most nearly correspond. Every simple sound is represented by one and only one simple mark. Explosive and fricative conso- nants (these terras will be explained below) are denoted by different letters. The following marks or signs are for vowels: the well known sign () for a short, and (") for a long vowel; the mark of a modified vowel ("), German ii, 6,ii, is placed by Lep- sius, for practical reasons, below, not above the vowel (a, p. ) ; a dot under the vowel denotes a close vowel-sound (e = a in fate, o in note) ; a horizontal line under the vowel denotes a more open vowel-sound (e in 'there', o in 'or, cord', which, indeed, supersedes the a mentioned above); the mark (") above the vowel indicates a nasal quality, the breath passing, while uttering the sound, to a considerable extent through the nose (the French 'an, in, on, uri = a, e, o, o). In marking consonants, there is first the distinction to be noted, that they are partly explosives, formed by a rapid process of closing and re-opening the passage of the air at a certain point, partly fricatives and liquids, formed by a partial process of compressing or narrowing the air-passage; and secondly, they are distinguished in regard to the ex- act spot, where the process of articulation takes place. The lowest articulation takes place in the faucal region, close to the larynx (here, for example, h is formed); next comes the guttural region, at the throat, near the soft palate and uvula (here k is formed); it is marked, when necessary, with a dot above the consonant; then the palatal region, the hard palate, (here the German ch is formed in 'ich'); the mark is a stroke like the acute accent in Greek over the consonant; then the dental region, at the teeth and gums (d, t, s, sh), and finally the labial region, at the lips (b, p, m). There exists a further class o'f consonants in the Indian languages, and also in modern Tibetan, which are styled cerebrals; they are most of them modified dentals, formed by bending or curling the tongue upwards, and bringing the tip of it into contact with the hard palate in the centre or toward the hinder part of its roof; mark, a dot under the consonant. Many of these letters, in order to become audible, require in pronouncing them a certain vocalic effort; others, to say the least, allow or suggest such an effort; the mark of these vocalized consonants is a small ring under the letter. When this vocalic effort is made by the medium of the nasal channel alone, the oral passage being simultaneously closed at some one of the points indicated above, we get the nasal consonants as a result. When the stoppage is made at the guttural point, ng is obtained (to be marked n); at the dental point, n ; at the labial point, m. In order to conform with the two final rules, cited above from Lepsius, the Greek letter % is used to represent the German ch, when it is guttural and hard, as in the word 'doch'; use is made of the Greek ^, when it is soft or accompanied by a vocalic tone (the Dutch g); j[ gives the force of a palatal ch (Ger- man 'ich' = ij, 'milch' = milj); ^ is used to represent the strong English th (as in 'through') ; d renders the softer or vocalized tone (as in 'that'); a hard, sharp and hissing s or ss (as in 'yes', 'press') is marked as s; the soft vocalic s (as in 'his', 'rise') is repre- sented by z; the hard rushing sound sh, German sch, is rendered by s; the sound of the French j by z. If one attempts to give at the palatal point, where the English y (in 'year'), or the German j (in Mahr') is formed, the sound sh, German sch, one obtains the palatal , or the softened and vocalized z. In the Dictionary s and z have been substi- tuted for these marks. XII Further, in many languages, what are properly combinations of two consonants come to be regarded as simple forms, this happening, either because they are gradual growths upon an original simpler form, or because they have a natural affinity to each other. Thus properly dental sibilants should be distinguished thus : & v , dz\ but for the sake of simpli- city Lepsius, in his second edition, marks them c"and /, or, with their palatal force, c and^ (instead of 6 r andj). A further example of the combination of consonants is presented in w r hat is known as aspiration, when the letter h is brought into more or less intimate connexion with another consonant. This introduces us to a very important distinction, belonging to the Tibetan language, which it is necessary to explain at some length, in accordance with which explosive consonants, as they have the force of tenues, mediae, or aspiratae, are treated. The tenues are produced by a sudden opening of the air-passage at one of the points above mentioned: throat, teeth, lips, such opening being unaccompanied by any sensible operation of the breath whatsoever. Thus, when quite exactly sounded, k, t, p, are produced. The mediae, g, d, b, are produced by the same process, carried out in a milder and less abrupt way, (the peculiar English pronunciation will come under con- sideration later). The aspiratae require a decided pressure by the breath (they will be found marked by the spiritus asper above the letter: K, f, p). In northern Germany, in England, and in Scandinavia, modern educated speech recognizes only mediae and aspi- ratae, for we give an aspirated sound to every k, t and p. The French and the Magyars distinguish consciously the pure tenues from the mediae; on the other hand they ignore the aspiratae. Tibetan pronunciation makes room and requires a mark for all three gra- dations. Nay more, it augments the class of explosive consonants or mutae by the ad- dition of the dental sibilants in all three ranks or grades of aspiration : -5, e5, E, and 3, cS, E^ or according to the Standard Alphabet: c, c, ) and fe, fs, dz. At a later stage of the language some further modifications were introduced, which we shall subsequently allude to. Let us now, passing from these general observations, draw attention to a few details of the Phonetic Table, which has been drawn up in deference to a wish that reached me from several quarters. The first column of the Table, now under review, gives the ancient literal pronun- ciation, as it was in vogue in the seventh century of our era, and was settled at the time of the invention of the alphabet. Such a pronunciation relies, after all, for its justification on the hypothesis, that the inventors of the alphabet had for their first object to re- produce, as exactly as possible, an artistic reflection of the natural value of sounds as spoken by their contemporaries: that, therefore, a later pronunciation is most in con- formity with the original genius of the language, if it gives with the greatest distinctness a special power to each written character. A reference to the Table will amply illustrate the fact, that a pronunciation, adopted on these principles, has actually maintained itself in one or the other provincial dialect, and it is very interesting to notice, that the purest and most striking forms of this survival have their homes in those districts, which are most remote from and least subject to the disintegrating and dissolving influences of the actual centre of Tibetan civilisation, the capital Lhasa. Thus the prefixes and the super- scribed consonants, for the most part, are still sounded at each extremity of the whole territory, within which the language is spoken, both on the Western and the Eastern frontier, alike in Khams, which borders on China, and in Balti, which merges into Kash- mere. Moreover, in both localities the same minor irregularities occur, transgressions against an exact rendering of the pronunciation according to the letters, the same frequent transformations of the tenues into the aspiratae, g and d (compare lower down) becoming / or /, b becoming w. Now, about twenty degrees of longitude separate Balti from Khams, XIII and the former, embracing Islam, long since cut itself adrift from spiritual and religious cohesion with Tibet, and there, too, the dialect in other respects has greatly deteriorated, has admitted many foreign elements and has fallen altogether from the position of a lite- rary language. The resemblances and correspondences noted can, therefore, scarcely be accounted for in any other way, than by assuming that an old and strong instinct of speech lived on in oral tradition for more than ten centuries on the outskirts of the Tibetan do- main, which in the intermediate provinces has gradually surrendered and submitted to the spirit of change. Columns 2 6 contain, on most pages, the provincial dialects in their geographical sequence from West to East. The dialects of Ladak, Lahoul and Spiti correspond to what in my smaller Tibetan dictionary I called the dialect of Western Tibet. The last named, Spiti, represents in some respects the transition to the dialects of Eastern Tibet, under which heading Tsang and IT are to be classed. At the date of the publication of my former dictionary I was unacquainted with the dialect of Khams. Where a space is left vacant in the columns, the provincial pronunciation agrees with the model provided under column 1. Towards the end of the Table, where the anomalies become much more frequent, I have for the sake of clearness repeated the word. The sign <d (which does not occur in this Table) was pronounced = CLJ, or ^ in the substantive terminations ba and bo (v. Diet. p. 362), viz. = the English w, so that ^ sounded exactly like the French word roi. The Accent has seldom been marked, because, as in our Teutonic dialects, it gene- rally rests on the root of the word. In the case of compounds, it more frequently falls on the last than on the first of the component parts. But accentuation, altogether, is not of great significance in this language. With regard to Quantity, vowels are pronounced shorter, even in open syllables, than is the case for instance in England and Germany. This applies particularly to the Central Provinces. Absolutely long vowels occur only as a peculiarity of dialect. They indicate that a consonant has been dropped, in most provinces, s, in U, gs, in Tsang, 1. A long vowel may also indicate the blending of vowels. But when in U and Tsang the d, (as in ce^-pa) and when in Lahoul the g (as in fo',pu'-rdn) is partially dropped, the vowel likewise maintains a short abrupt pronunciation. Moreover, the region, to which I have just referred, is that in which the spoken language has been greatly affected by a foreign linguistic principle. A system of Tones has been introduced under manifestly Chinese auspices. I am told by European students of reputation, who have made the Tonic lan- guages of Eastern Asia their special department, that only the first principles of what are known as the high and low Tones, have made their way into Tibetan. Here, as in the languages of Farther India, generally, which possess an alphabetic system of writ- ing, the Tone is determined by the initial consonant of the word. This 1 have generally indicated in column 7, which column applies only to the Spiti, Tsang and U dialects. The system of Tones, as in Siam and elsewhere, has become of paramount importance in de- termining distinctions between words. An inhabitant of Lhasa, for example, finds the distinction between -A and (3, or between $J and 3, not in the consonant, but in the Tone, pronouncing -j and $| with a high note (as my Tibetan authorities were wont to describe it 'with a woman's voice', shrill and rapidly), (3 and 3, on the contrary with a low note, and, as it appeared to me, more breathed and floating. This latter distinction is still more apparent with regard to those low-toned aspirates, that in the course of time were intro- duced in Central Tibet instead of the mediae, in contraposition to which now the original aspirates are used as high-toned ; so more particularly in the dialect of Spiti. The low- toned aspirate I have indicated by h, the high-toned by the mark of the spiritus asper'. Those letters of the alphabet, which as simple initial consonants have a deep tone, be- come with a superscribed letter or with a prefix high-toned, so also &J, when subscribed. The tenues remain, it would appear, unaffected by the Tone. With reference to the mo- difying effect of a final n, d, and w, in different provinces, the Table may be consulted. The characterisation of the rushing sounds as 'palatals' is no doubt correct and agrees with the generally prevailing pronunciation; but the learner need not consider it as being of much importance. The two letters, (^ and JJ, introduce us to a very interesting linguistic phenomenon. We meet here with the idea of the vowel absolute, the pure vocalic note, freed altogether from any presence of a consonant. This vowel- tone is rendered by the letter of the alphabet f^, in contradistinction to ^, which represents the Semitic tf, the spiritus lenis of the Greeks, the audible re-opening of the air passage of the larynx. The difference may be observed, for example, in the manner of uttering the words, 'the lily, an endogen' and in the pronunciation of 'Lilian 1 (a name), in Tibetan CT^'^'ST and (^'(^"O^*. Thus, whenever in the middle of a word one vowel succeeds another (hence also in all diph- thongs), (^ is used. Again, in Tibetan, as in every form of human speech, it cannot but be the commonest of occurrences for a vowel to follow a consonant, and the strict rule might seem to require the vocalic tone to be always indicated, which, according to Csoma, was originally done. However, as the Tibetan language , adopting the principle from Sanskrit, deems the sound of a to be naturally inherent in every consonant, while the other four vowels, as mere subspecies of the vowel absolute, are indicated by little hooks above or below the letter, and as the end of a syllable is always marked by a dot (called fseg\ the function of (^ i n this capacity was soon seen to be quite superfluous. Its use is necessary only to obviate ambiguities, when for instance one of the five letters, used as prefixes, precedes a consonant with a; e.g. the word &I^", would be read 'mad?; whereas ^R^", written thus, implies that the vowel does not precede but follow the consonant d, and consequently the m is prefix, and the word to be read 'mda'. If the vowel is not a. the sign of such vowel suffices, e.g. $$^ mdo ; S|^H* mdao, standing now for 5^(3^". Some practical difficulty attends the pronunciation of the pure vowel as an initial letter. In order that the effect of the consonant 1^ may not be produced, it is necessary, after opening the larynx, to allow the tone gently to set in and then to let it gradually gain fulness and force. I shall indicate this process by the mark .. The sound would be still more accurately represented than it is in the Table, thus: ^adr-po, ^uua-pa etc. Im- proper are the expedients of some of the dialects, the sound being hardened to y in Khams, to I?J in Western Tibet; also Csoma's device of indicating it by an h is inade- quate. This is a case in which the true pronunciation has been preserved in the Central Provinces, perhaps, because it almost necessarily implies the effort connected with the low Tone, above referred to, so that, when the invading system of Tones had here estab- lished its authority, it acted as a conservative element. Finally, this vocalic tone can be used in connexion with certain consonants. It is unnecessary to indicate it in Tibetan, when it accompanies liquidae (m, n, n, r, /) and sibilants; but with the mutae it must be marked, where the effect is that, with which we are familiar in the case of the English mediae, b, d, g, j, for instance in 'be, do, go, jew\ In Tibetan the vocalic effect accompanies aspirates too, and is marked by ^, placed as a prefix, which I transcribe thus , e.g. R^* O du = the English do. The pause on the tone is of course in the case of mutae a very short one. Here again, though only in the case of the mediae, we find this peculiarity preserved in its purity in Central Tibet. It is not difficult to understand, how, if one is careless about closing the nasal passage, a nasal articulation of this prefix can easily grow common. This has happened throughout Khams, and in the rest of Tibet at least in compound words; at Lhasa it is considered inelegant, as is also the sounding of any prefix. On the other hand, the dialect of Central Tibet neglects the distinction between &! and Q and pronounces the former only as a vocalic initial. In words from the Sanscrit the ^ is used in some respect as a 'mora', to denote a long syllable, e. g. -j for ^-; hence the opinion of Lamas of Lhasa, that it ex- presses prosodical length, when used as above in SFf^. J* mya, is not found in use in any of the dialects. The sole confirmation of its liter- al pronunciation depends upon the word myan-ba which, perhaps a thousand years ago, found its way into the Bu-nan language (Tibar-skad, Cunningh.) and which the people of Lahoul, when speaking Tibetan, pronounce nyan-wa. The process of transition to the cerebral .^-sounds in the words krad-pa etc. is in many places not yet completed, so that the sound of r is still more or less clearly distinguishable. The Prefixes have al- ways constituted the most perplexing phenomena in the Tibetan language, At the time of the invention of the alphabet they must have represented a sort of anticipatory sound in close connexion with the initial consonant of the word. Certain seeming impossibili- ties of pronunciation, when one has, for instance, to deal with a prefix together with a threefold initial consonant (^rrfj ^rrf) become less formidable, and not more embarrass- ing than those which meet us, for example, in the Polish language, when we ascertain that in Balti and Khams the three explosive prefixes are pronounced as fricatives, in which case v must be written for w. Thus c n^" c H" yci-wa, JTJ* wkra, ^f^pl^J" wsyrags call for no greater exertions, than do the Polish chciwy, wkrotce, wskros. Our strongest ground for assuming this fricative pronunciation to be that of antiquity is, I think, that, had it been explosive, words like ^^1", ^W<3\* would have coincided with ^* ? nfj<k*. Yet it must be acknowledged that a pronunciation bcu^ bka etc. exists, side by side with wcu, wka etc. <J, as a liquid, offers no difficulty. f^, as a prefix, is no consonant. A doubt must still cling to ^, and I do not venture to determine its ancient pronun- ciation. It is by a strange anomaly that, in most dialects, when prefixed to ^f, both it and the initial consonant die away into a spiritus lenis; and almost still more singular it is, that where it still asserts an independent force, in Khams and in Balti, it is sounded like ^] with the power of/. The investigations of Lepsius go indeed to prove, that ^ and ^ are complements to each other; but how came, at the beginning, two letters to be chosen as signs for one and the same sound? Most probably the original sound was (\ which then very soon passed into /. The variations between r and s in Ladak afford no sure hold for drawing inferences. The purpose, for which the Phonetic Table was drawn up, will have been attained, if I succeed in convincing my readers, 1. that for scientific objects the pronunciation, as it is given in Column 1, is the most suitable, and that with a good conscience it can be re- commended in the place of that introduced by Csoma; 2. that its system is regular enough to render it unnecessary to give the pronunciation of every individual word throughout the work; 3. that I present in this Table, in regard to the various dialects, as much in the way of results as, down to the present, it has been possible for European students to acquire and to put into shape for the service of a European public. III. PHONETIC TABLE FOR COMPARING THE DIFFERENT DIALECTS. The columns 26 are arranged according to the geographical site of the provinces from West to East. I. Words containing only simple consonants and vowels. 1 2345 6 West. Tibet Central Prov. Ladak Lahoul Spiti Tsang, U Khams ka-ra kuq = cook ku' kun kjtn kun Kan-pa gan ghan ghan nal na Ts. nan-pa nem-pa U. ci ce cad-pa ce'-pa can-pa cem-pa cen-po cem-po J a jha jha nyin nyen tib-ril tib-rl Ts. teb-rel fan fen \ fab = fdp I fog fod-pa ff fo'-pa 1 da dha dha dud-pa nad = not dhud-pa dhu-pa ne' pan-pa pem-pa pug-von pu'-ron pug-ron 1 ba bha bha wa bal bhal bhdTsbhalv. wal bu bhu bhu too bu-mo bhu-mo bhu-mo u'O-mo bod bhod bho' wod miff mi' me fsil fsl fsel dza-ti wa-tse za sa sa za zag za' sag sag zag za sa sa zan san sen ^ar-po 'ar-po 'ar-po yar-po <ug-pa 'ug-pa 'ug-pa yug-pa ^o-ma 'a-ma 'o-ma yo-ma ^od 'od 'od O^Q' yod ^ol-mo 'ol-mo 'ol-mo (T,o-mo Ts. yol-mo yah yen yan-pa yal-ga yd-ga yem-pa yin yen yul yu, yu Ts. XVII 23456 West, Tibet Central Prov. Ladak Lahoul Spiti Tsang, U Kharns r"d rd-mo Ts 3-toned , high-toned II. Words terminating in J" or za-wa zi-wa sa-wa si-wa sa-wa si-wa zi-wa 1 deep-toned si-wa si-wa si-wa si-wa high-toned zu-wa su-wa su-wa zu-wa 1 yo-wo dar-wa jho-ivo dhar-wa )ho-wo dhar-wa \ deep-toned sol-iva so-wa Ts. high-toned III. Words terminating in ^ T . Kun. Kas, Ke Kai, Ke Ke Ka Ke Ke high-toned ris, rl rl rl rl rl rl ] gus, gii dus, du des, de gui, gu dui, du de ghui gii dhui du dhe de ghu dhu dhe gQ> do, ( deep- toned } Kos, Ko Koi, Ko Ko Ko Ko k high-toned gos, go 'os, '<? '*> '.<? gho go gho r deep-toned COS, CO coi, co % CO CO to high-toned nag(s) rig(s} nag rig ? nag, na rig, rl nag and \ deep-toned fug ? fug, fu, so forth high-toned 4V) leg ? leg, le deep-toned pog(s) fab(s) pog fab fau pog, pd fab fab cib(s) cib ciu W cib high-toned sub(s) sub 8U sub sub peb peb pen peb peb 'o5(s) 'ob Ju ^odb yob deep-toned fam(s)-cdd fam-cdd fam-cdd fam-cc' fam-cad high-toned gom(s)-pa gom-pa . ghom-pa ghom-pa \ gom-pa deep-toned IV. Words with diphthongs. Ke Kai, Ke Ke Ke- high-toned cl cl Cl el bui, bu dei bui, bu, bhui dUi bhu dhM by, dl deep-toned so high-toned ghau ghau ga-yo and so forth deep-toned (ra-yo} b XVIII 1 234567 West. Tibet Central Prov. Ladak Lahoul Spiti Tsang, U Khams rio 1 roo, ro f deep -toned ruo 1 V. Words with subscribed letters. kyan kyen kyir-kyir kyei'-kyer kuo Ky'e Kyu n high-toned gyon-pa Pur.BaL; Ld. ghyi ?hyon-pa ghyi ghygm-pa deep-toned pyag pyag cog cog ag cog ), cog v:. pyi Pi pi ci Cl a pyug-po pyug- cug- cug-po cug-po cug-po cug-po high-toned pye po po pe ce ce ce? pyogs cog(s) % cog cogTs. coU. cog bya-mo by a- ja- mo mo ja-mo f jha-mo t byi-ba, byi-wa bi-wa bi-wa ? jhi-ica f deep-toned bye-ma f be-ma ? jlie-ma ? byos t jos, joi, jo f jlw f mya-ndn f nya-ndn nya-ndn nya-hen f high-toned krad-pa ? tad-pa tad-pa te'-pa Ts. f Krag Krag fag tag fag tag Krims Krus I if MS; fu fim tui tim fu tern high-toned Kron-po 1 ion-pa ton-pa fom-pa fon-pa gri dron-mo gri dri, di don-mo dhi dhon-mo dhon-mo don-mo 1 deep-toned pru-gu pru-gu iu-gu iu-ghu fu-ghu fiwe high-toned bra-bo, bra-wo bra- da- wo, wo dha-^vo dha-wo da-wo deep-toned bran-sa (B. blan-sd) dan-sa dhan-sa dhan-sa dan-sa sran-ma stran-ma ? sran-ma sran-ma srem-ma stu'an-ma \\dg.sem-ma high-toned srin-mo strin-mo B. srin-mo srin-mo snn-mo strin-mo vulg. sin-mo hrul-po klog-pa srul-po ? srul-po log-pa srul-po log^pa srul-po log-pa srul-po deep-toned | fffa yty B. log kg log yty f high-toned ola-ma i la-ma la-ma la-ma wla-ma 1 zla-ba, zla-wa Iza B. (l}da-iva da-wa da-n-a Ida-ica ? rlans-pa sla-mo f la-mo Id-pa la-mo Ian-pa la-mo rlen-pa sla-mo high-toned VI. Words with superscribed letters. rkan-pa rgad-po rna rjes f (r}kan-pa (r)gad-po (r}na zes, ze kan-pa gad-po na je? kan-pa ge'-po na rken-pa rgad-po rna these and all the rest are high-toned XIX 1 23456 West. Tibet Central Prov. Ladak Lahoul Spiti Tsang, U Khams rnyih-pa (r)nyin-pa nyin-pa nyin-pa nyin-pa rnyin-pa rta rta, sta, ta ta ta ta rta rdo Mdo do do do rdo rnon-po (j*)non-po non-po non-po nom-po rnon-po rba wa ba ba ba rwa? rmig-pa mig-pa mig-pa mig-ba mig-pa rmig-pa rtsa sa sa t tsa f rtswa sa sa 1 tsa ? rdza-ma za-mal za-ma | dza-ma ? In a na, sna na na na In a lean-ma lean-ma can-ma can-ma can-ma Icen-ma l)an-Jcu (l)jan-Ku jan-Ku jan-Ku j an- feu Ijeh-Ku Itad-mo (l)tad-mo tad-mo tad-mo te'-mo Itad-mo Idag-pa lham (V)dag-pa lam dag-pa lam dag-pa dag-pa lam hlamor%lam Idag-pa lham skom skom kom kom kom skom skra sra sra, ta ta fa stra sgo yo 9 9 9 sgo sgra da, ra da, ra da da zdra snon-po non-po non-po non-po nom-po snon-po snyin nyin nyin nyin nyin snyeft stag stag tag tag tag stag sdon-po (s)don-po don-po don-po don-po sdon-po sna na na na na sna spu spyod-pa (s)pu (s}cod-pa pu cod-pa pu cod-pa pu co-pa spo swod-pa spreu also srfrfr teti teii fu stre-yo sbal-ba (s)bal-wa bal-wa bal-wa bd-wa Ts. bal-wa U. zual-wa sbyar-ba zar-wa zar-wa zar-wa jar-wa zuar-wa sbran-bu also dan-bu dan-bu dan-bu dan-bu den-wo sman (s)man man man men sman smyon-pa nyon-pa nyon-pa nyon-pa nyom-pa snyon-pa smra-ba mra-wa mra-iva ? m(r)a-wa sna-wa stsal-ba (s)tsal-wa tsal-wa tsal-wa tsd-wa Ts. stsal-wa tsal-wa U. VII. Words with prefixed letters. yces-pa ces-pa ce-pa ce-pa ce-pa ycl-pa ytam tarn tarn tarn tarn ytam j'dun-ba dun-wa dun-wa dun-wa dun-wa ydun-wa ynaii-ba nan-wa nan-wa nan-wa nan-wa ynen-wa ynam nam nam nam nam ynam ytsan-po tsan-po tsan-po tsan-po tsan-po ytsen-po yzu zu zu su su f~9. yzig zig zC sig sig yzig yyog-po yog-po yo'-po yog-po yog-po (f)y9~p yser-pa ser-pa ser-pa ser-pa ser-pa yser-pa yser ser ser ser ser yser dkar-po dkyil kar-po kyil kar-po kyil kar-po kyil kar-po kyil ykar-po ykyil dgu '< gu gu gu gu ygo dqra da da da da fy)da dnul nul (vulgo muT) nul nul nufs. nul\J. ynul dpe-ca pe-ca pe-ca pe-ca pe-ca ype-ca XX 2345 6 West. Tibet Central Prov. Ladak Lahoul Spiti Tsaug, 17 Khams mas-pe mar-pe ma-pe ma-pe may-pe? (s)pid pid cid Cl %<sid uan uan uan uan (vlg. an) yweil 'u* 'u 'w "u wo 'ug(s) v 'ug 'ug Ts. 't*U. wug 'ul-po 'ul-po 'ul-po 'ii-po Ts. 'ul-po, yl-po yii-ol-po 'en-pa ''en-pa 'en-pa 'em-pa [U. ywen-pa yar yar yar yar wyer mar-po mar-po mar-po mar-po (j^mar-po nyal-wa nyal-wa nyal-iL'a nya-wa Ts. nyal-wa U. mnyal-wa ka ka ka ka vka te-&00 ta-sl ta-sl ta-sl bta-sl go-wa go-wa go-ira go-wa vgo-wa gyad gyad gyad 9ye vrgyad cu cu cu cu vcu, bcu cug-sum cug-um cu-sum? cu-sum cu-sum vcug-sum cub-zi cub-zi cu-zi cu-zi vcub-zi? zed-pa zed-pa jed-pa je'-pa vr)ed-pa tum-pa tum-pa tum-pa turn-pa btom-pa dun dun dun dun vdun se-wa se-wa tse-wa tse-wa vrtse-tva zun zun dzun dzun rrdzun zi zi . si si vze zib-cu zib-cu si-cu? si-cu vzeb-cu? zan-po zan-po san-po san-po vzen-po sal-wa sal-wa sal-tea sd-wa vsel-wa su-wa su-tca su-wa su-wa vso-wa sreg-pa sreg-pa sreg-pa sreg-pa (seg-pa) vstrag-pa lab-pa lab-pa lab-pa lab-pa vslab-pa Bar fear fear tear mtcar 9 9 o9 9 mgo don don don O dgn mdon nar-wa nar-wa nar-wa nar-wa mnar-wa cin-pa cin-pa cin-pa cim-ga mcen-pa jin-pa jin-pa Jin-pa jin-pa mjin-pa fin fin fin fin (m)fen da da O da O da mda fso fso fso fso mfso dzo Kol-wa dzo Kol-wa O dzo fcol-wa O dzo fco-wa Ts. mdzo nffol-wa gul-wa gul-ica, O gul-wa O gu-wa Ts O gul-wa U. ngul-wa cam-pa cam-pa cam-pa cam-pa ncam-pa jam-po jam-po Jam-po Jam-po njam-po \ fag-pa fag-pa fag-pa fag-pa nfag-pa gen-dun gen-dun ge(n)-dim ge'jirdunfs. ge- Q dim U. y gen-dun ? dod-pa dod-pa Q dod-pa O do'-pa ndod-pa, jnir-wa pur-wa pur-wa pur-wa mpur-ica pi-wa tod-pa pi-ica fod-pa pi-wa tod-pa ci-ira fo-pa nci-wa ntod-pa XXI Jbab-pa vka-Jbum Q fsir-iva O dzin-pa 2345 West. Tibet Central Prov. 6 Khams Ladak Lahoul Spiti Tsang, U bob-pa kam-bum fsir-wa bab-pa kam-bum fsir-ira Jbab-pa kam-bum fsir-wa Jbab-pa ka(?n)-bum fsir-wa mbab-pa vkam-binn nfsir-ica dzin-pa dzin-pa dzin-pa dzim-pa ndzen-pa ABBREVIATIONS. abbr. = abbreviated, abbreviation e.g. ace. according to eleg accus. accusative case elsewh. act. active, -ly emphat. adj. adjective erron. adv. adverb, -ially esp. A.R. Asiatic Researches euphemist. Ar. Arabic expl. B. books, book-language extr. Bal. Balti, the most westerly of the districts, in which the Tibetan language is fern. spoken. fig. Bhar. Bharata, a dialogue, ed. by Dr. A. frq. Schiefner. fut. Bhot. Bhotan, province. gen. Burn. I. Burnouf, Introduction au Buddhism gen. Indien. Glr. II. Burnouf, Lotus de la bonne loi. Gram. C. Central Tibet, esp. the provinces U and Tsang. Gyatch. c. cum, with Hd. c.c. construitur cum, construed with. Hook, c.c.a. construed with the accusative, etc. ibid, ccapir construitur cum accusative personae, id. instrumentativo rei i.e. ccirdp construitur cum instrumentativo rei, imp. dativo personae etc. impers. cf. confer, compare incorr. Chr. P. Christian writings by Protestant mis- inf. sionaries. init. Chr. R. Christian writings by Roman Catholic missionaries. inst. cog. cognate, related in origin instr. col. colloquial, -ly interj. collect. collective, -ly interr. com. commonly intrs. comp. compound -s i.o. conj. conjunction irr. contr. contracted Kh. corr. correct, -ly Kopp. correl. correlative, -ly Kun. Cs. Csoma de Koros, Tibetan-English Dic- tionary. Lat. Cunn. Cunningham, General, Ladak and the Ld. surrounding country. Ld.-Glr. dat. dative case deriv. derivative Lew. Desg. Desgodins, La Mission du Tibet de Lex., Lexx. 18551870. Lh. Do. or Dom. Do-mang, a collection of incantations. Lis. dub. dubious lit. Dzl. Dzanglun, an ancient collection of Le- Ma. gends of Buddha. exempli gratia, for instance elegant, -ly elsewhere emphatical, -ly erroneous, -ly especially euphemistical, -ly explain, explanation extreme, towards the end of a longer article. feminine gender figurative, -ly frequent, -ly future tense general, -ly genitive case Gyalrabs, a history of the kings of Tibet, native grammarians or grammatical works Gyatcherrolpa, Biography of Buddha. Hindi language. Dr. Hooker, Himalayan Journals, ibidem, in the same place, idem, the same id est, that is imperative mood impersonal, -ly incorrect, -ly infinitive mood initio, at the beginning of a longei- article, instead instrumentative case interjection interrogative, -ly intransitive instead of irregular, -ly Khams, eastern part of Tibet. Koppen, Die Religion des Buddha. Kunawur, province under English pro tection. Latin Ladak, province. Ladak-Gyalrabs, a history of Tibet, ed. by Dr. E. Schlagintweit. Lewin, Manual of Tibetan. Lexicons, native dictionaries. Lahoul, province. Lishigurkhang, glossary, literally, also literature Ma-ong-lung-bstan, a kind of Tibetan Apocalypse. XXII masc. = Med. med. metaph. meton. Mil. Mil. nt. Mng. n. neut. nif. n.p. N.T. num. obs. opp. P- partic. pass, perh. Pers. pers. p. pi. pleon. p. n. po. pop. postp. prep. prob. pron. prop. prov. Pth. Pur. qy. rel. resp. Sambh.orSb sbst. Sch. Schf. masculine gender medical works medio, about the middle of a longer article metaphorical, -ly metonymical, -ly Slilaraspa's hundred thousand Songs. Milaraspai nam-tar, Milaraspa's auto- biography. Man-ngag-rgyud, a medical work. name neuter gender ni fallor, if I am not mistaken noun proper New Testament numeral obsolete as opposed to page participle passive, -ly perhaps Persian person, personal perfect tense plural number pleonastic, -ally proper name poetically popular language postposition preposition probably pronoun properly provincialism, provincial, -ly Padma thangyig, a collection of le- gends of Padma Sambhava. Purig, province. quod vide, which see relative respectful, -ly Shambhala, a fabulous country in the north and a book: Guide to Sb. substantive Prof. Is. J. Schmidt, Tibetisch-Deut- sches Worterbuch. Tibetische Grammatik. Dr. A. Schiefner. Schl. == Dr.E.Schlagintweit,BuddhisminTibet. Schr. Schroter, editor of the first Tibetan Dictionary. S.g. Shad-gyud, a medical work. Sik. Sikkim, province sim. similar in meaning, similarly sing. singular number s.l.c. si lectio certa, if the reading is to be depended upon. S.O. Ser-od, a religious work. Sp. Spiti, province. Ssk. Sanskrit Stg. Stan-gyur,a collection of commentaries. symb. num. symbolical numeral syn.orsynon. synonymous Tar. Taranatha, history of the propagation of Buddhism in India. termin. terminative case Thgr. Thos-grol, Direction for the departed soul to find the way to eternal hap- piness. Thgy. Thargyan, scientific treatises. Trig. Triglot, a collection of Buddhist terms in Sanskrit, Tibetan and Mongolian. trop. tropically, figuratively trs. transitive Ts. T san ?> province of Central Tibet. Urd. Urdu, a dialect of Hindustani. v. vide, see vb. verb vb. a. verb active vb.n. verb neuter vulg. vulgar, low expression vulgo in common life W. Western Tibet. Was. Prof. W. Wasiljew, Der Buddhismus. Wdk. Waidurya Karpo, a mathematical work. Wdn. Waidurya Nonpo, a medical work. w.e. without explanation Will. Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Wls. Wilson, Sanskrit Dictionary. Wts. Wai-tsang-thu-shi, a description of Ti- bet, originally Chinese, ed. by Klap roth. Z. Zangskar, a Kashmere- Tibetan pro vince. Zam. Zamatog, a treatise on Tibetan grammar and orthography. EMENDATION. Page 122, 1st. column, 4th. line from the top, after dignity, are to be inserted the following words: 2. Cs. exaggeration. sgro- dogs-pa 1. Sch. to bestow the peacock's feather. Other misprints in the English text will be easily recognized as such, and hardly require a specification. TIBETAN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY, m- ka 1. the letter k, tenuis, == French c in car. 2. as numerical figure, used in marking the volumes of a work: one. - ka-fn alphabetical register Sch. kd- pa the first volume of a work. ka-dpe a-b-C-book. -- ka-preii., kd smad sum-cu, kd-li the Tibetan alphabet. m- ka 1. an additional syllable, so-called ' article, affixed to some substantives, numerals and pronouns, v. the grammars. - '2. pillar, v. ka-ba. TJ" ka (kva) Oh! m-rn- ka-kd excrement, (nursery word), 1 *ka-ka tan-ce* W. = French: faire kd-ka Ssk. CrOW. kah-ka, Ssk. efi^, heron. "" ka-ka-ni a small coin of ancient India Cs. ka-ka-rdii cucumber Kun. fs* ka-ko-la, Ssk. ^figv^, a plant bear- ing a berry the inner part of which is a waxlike and aromatic substance. ka-ko prob. means the same. ka-Kd the a-b-c, alphabet; ka-Kai fo alphabetical register, ka-h : ai dp? a-b-c- book; ka-K-a-pa abecedarian. ka-Ml-ma v. M-ma. m-.y kd-ca also kd-ca, goods, things; /.- cai rjes-su Jbrdns-pai rgydlpo n. of a demon. kd-ta-ya, also ka-tya. n. of a lo- cality MY. v. ke-tu. 'j^' ka-to-m, more correctly ka-to-ra, //>/.. metal cup, dish, basin. ka-fa-ra Kun. a sort of peach. rn-rcn- ka-ddg, also ka-nas dag, pure from ' the beginning Lex. m-r^- ka-ddr (from .| J*j> t/ T /'f?. ?J only in the phrase: *ka-dar co-ce* to be cautious, take care, take heed, -/". of. #. Skull. ka-pi-ta gum, resin *Sc/t. m-rf J- kam-po-rtse, absurd spelling instead 6 of kam-bo-ja Wdk. kd-ba *ka-ira* 1. pillar, post ; k. <dzug- pa to erect a pillar. 2. a large vein or artery in the abdomen. Comp. ka-sked shaft of a column. kd can having columns. ka--fcig-sgo-?cig a small house, poor cottage; also a mode of ca- pital punishment is said to be called so, when the culprit is fastened to a pillar in a dungeon until he dies of hunger. ka-fcig-pa having one pillar, ka-mdn-ma having many pillars. ka-cen the prin- cipal p. (cf. Gxvloq Gal. 2. 9) Tar. 182. 10. ka-rten base of a p. Lex. ka- stigs, ka-fddn pedestal, base of a p. - ka-spiins many pillars. ka-mJd without a pillar; helpless, destitute. -- ku-< ka-ydii-rtse capital of a pillar. ka icd- 1 ka-bcd kdn-ma can, st'd-can a channeled pillar. ka- y:>f capital of a pillar. k(t-yzu-ydiiii. beam of the capital (pillars are mostly made of wood). " kft-bcd prob. a sort of gourd Wd% ka-ma-m 1. alabaster Sch. 2. n. of a country. ka-ma-la-si-la n of a famous ancient pandita or Brahma- nical scholar. "ny*''ff\iZ' ka-mid-rdo-ryydd is said to denote a sort of alabaster or of steatite in (\ > ka-tsa-lindi n. of a fabulous, very smooth, stuff or cloth, G-yatch. ka-rtsam, Ld. *ka-sam*, prob. a sort of oats; differing from yug-po, accounted superior to buckwheat, but in- ferior to wheat. 'sigs-cen-po title of a book cited in Glr. ka-ye (ktra-ye) oh! holla! hear! so e. g. at the beginning of a royal proclamation Ptli. - kt'i-ra C. <f* B. sugar; sd- ka-ra crystallized s., sugar-candy, ryydl- mo-ka-ra id. Sch.; bye-ma-ka-ra ground sugar. ka-ra-) a tea with sugar; Sch m 'a sweet soup'? ka-ra toy-toy sugar in lumps. kara-sin sugar-cane. (W. Ka-ra). ka-ra-bi-ra, also k-/'<i-/i-;-ra(Ssk.) oleander flower, Nerium odorum. m-zvd' ka-rah-dza Ssk. a medicinal fruit, Galedupa arbor ca. _.,-. ka-ran-dha Pth. more correctly ka-'ran-da, Ssk., a species of duck. kd-ru wedge. a fabulous place or country in the north of Asia; also n. of a grammar C's. ka-la-pift-ka Cx.: 'Ssk., n. of a bird', Will.: 'katipin peacock; the Indian cuckoo'. ka-la-m Ssk. pitcher, jar. kt'-fffff W. mud, mixture of earth and water used instead of clay (C. $' B.: cjiin-pit)', the word is also used for other similar compounds. ^ ^| ka-lan-taka Ssk. n. of a bird. ka-li 1. Skull LCJC. = ka-te W. kn-li the Tib. alphabet, v. ka. rn'^j'-'ZJ]' ka-lih-ya Ssk. n. of different tracts in the eastern part of India; Sch.: 'Korea', without giving fur- ther explanation; perh. Mongol writers call it so? ka-lib, A,: bullet-mould W. ka-le. also kn-leb, saddle-cloth. T[V<T kd-sa Ssk. a sort of grass, Sac- r^ charum spontaneum; Tibetans often seem to mistake it for ku-sa q. v. Tra'TT ka-si-ka Ssk., adj. of Kasi (Ba- ' naras): inhabitant of Baniira*; k<t-xi-kai ras, a sort of fine cottoncloth. m'W' kd-sa, also *kd-so, kas* (perh. a mutilated form of bka-stxal) resp. yes. Sir! very well. Sir! at your service! (W. also: *kd-sa-)u* v. zu) W. frq., also C. ni f., never in B. kdg-gi$ suddenly Sch. kdg-ma mischief, harm, injury C's. ^]^ ^| kan-ka Ssk. heron. mi-.^r-mr- kan-d< tit-kilt n. of a terrifying deity Glr., prob. which is said to signify Rahula (v. syra- fcan <f- dray-fsed. in dray-pa). kanda-ka-ri Ssk. ('thorny') Wilson: Solatium Jaquhti; in Lh. a sort of wild Rubus. fr| l,'d<l. I A. sometimes instead of the affix ka, e. g. ynyis-kdd, fsari-kdd; perh. also in mnyam-k<i<L ^1^ kan Med. = bad-kan. kdn-ma middle finger. kal-za k('tb-~<, Gua*3 -I' 1 .) W. hilt, handle of a sword. kdb-sa (J^S /Vs.) shoe; in W. esp. the leather s u oes of Hindu fashion, which are also bought by wealthier Ti- betans. rnxrH*p" k(ini-bu-<lz<i- 'S'.sA 1 . n. of a country in the northwest of India, \Y<lii.: kam-po-rt&e. ^V kau watermelon Sch. Tjrc - km; also ; great pain, suffering rnyfr't;' kurka-ta S#k. the constellation of Cancer. k(ii--*ktjin loan, when respectfully requested, cf ski/it/. kar-ca<j register, list. rnz.- kdi-nid >S.s/-. ('deed, action 1 ); kar-nia- pa (in Nepal karmika) name of a philosophical school of Buddhism. kttr-yiil porcelain, china-ware, -cup etc. kdr-lait-ba , also ker-lun-lm, to stand up, to rise. . rr 5 v . or y kai'-sa-pa-ni or na, Ssk. JTJJ-, a coin in an- cient India, or rather a weight of gold and silver, of different value (not 'cow- ries', as Sch. seems to think). marUsT kcil-ya, also kal-yor, W. col. in- stead of kar-ydl, the former seems to be a corruption of -xls. & Jb* numerical figure: 31, ki-pa the 31st (volume). i-kdii wild leek Sch. m^ ^-rt.? 1 . or a-- k ^] ^| kl-(/u n. of the vowel-sign for /, cs . rn'Xj' ki-ma Dzl. ^Q ace. to Sc/if. a corruption of the Chinese khi'n, a lyre with 7 strings. (Pil- grim. of Fa-Hian Calc. 1848 p. 265). ^j.^: ki-tsi tickling W., *//-/.>/ kfnj-h* to tickle. kin-kd im-pd n. of a fruit, Le.i\ m- ku numerical figure: 61; ku-pa the NS 61st (volume). ^\ ku, ki'f-M/i-H 7/., *kit-h>* W. clamour. ku-na~la, ku-nd-hi Ssk. y n. of a bird in the Himalaya. \Ydii. gourd. Tf'B'^' kii-bc-ni S*k. the god of riches, N2 also Nag-ku-bera, Rnam-fos-ki/i- bit, Rnam~fb8-#rd8, /^d(/-/td-rd6-r)e etc. m'xj-r- kit-nni-<!d Sxk. the flower of the X3 red and white lotus, riiln-d and kit-ytt sediment of urine Med. ku-ru-kul-le n. of a female deity .17/7. 1' A-M-/V/// /.</. colt of an ass. ^'"-/'' ; , also ku-res jest, joke, /v/-/v bt/<>J-}>a to jest, cf. kyal-ka. kn-II<i key, also lock; more ac- curately: * pe-fai-liy* key, <"v///- ku-liy lock, padlock; *ku-Ug-bur- (or io/'-J fe#* in L</. a contrivance used instead of a doorlatch. W. AW-A-W a sort of grass, Poa cyno- suroides, often used in sacred ceremonies. ku-*u apple Dzl. ; W. (Cf. //> ku-su-ma SsL flower. K- kit-h/i ring-dove ('*. (Sub.: the cry i of the cuckoo). mrn* ' ^'"/A a ^ so kuij-ku<^ crooked; a hook: (jri-kn<i a curved knife, short sabre; lcays-h((/ an iron hook; tn/d-ktuj a fishing- hook; *kn</-kii(j )l''-pa* ('. *tuit-<-e* W. to bend, curve; clinch (a nail); *</<> ///// ta/-tV* H'. to nod, */// ///// f<tii-<\>* \\ T . of beckon. (Cf. L-tnn-i>.) " ku<i-i-t*<>, */v///-.sv* cuckoo U'. knn r*g kun (C. : *ktnr') all. every, each ; whole ; >o spui Kun-bu kim-nas from every pore DzL; de-day kun all these; yzan kun all the others; also pleon. kun fatitx-cdd all of them, they altogether; kitn- yyis mfdn-ba, fos-pa seen, heard by every body, generally known; kun-tu 1. into all, in all etc. 2. adv. everywhere, in every direction; kun-tu-bzdn-po Allgood, n. of the first of the celestial Bodhisattwas, S&manta-bhadra, sometimes confounded with Adibuddha, foy-wiai Sans-ryycis; in later works even a Kun-tu-bzdn-mo Yum is mentioned Thyr.; kim-tu i-yyu-ba to go everywhere, wander about; Kun-tu-ryyu qf^gjl^^i n. of a class of Brahmans, itin- erant monks, DzL; ki'<n-nas from every- where, round about, wholly, thoroughly e. g. overpowered by passions, cleansed from sin DzL; kitn-nas jlod-pa to wish from the bottom of the heart Thyy. Comp. kun-dkris general corruptness, misery, sin Lex. Kun-ttydb comprising, pervading all things. Kun~mKyen-(pa) omniscient. Kun-dyd-bo, Ssk. ananda, n. of the favourite disciple of Buddha; Kun-dya is to this time frequently used as a name of (female) persons. Kun- dya-rd-ba, also kun-dya Tltyy., or kun^a, Ssk. ^TITTO or WTTTT 'garden of all joys' 1. the grove in which a monastery is situated. 2. the monastery. 3. in Ti- bet, which is destitute of groves, more particularly the auditory or library of a monastery Kun-brtdgs, in the Maha- yana: a personal, erroneous supposition Was. Kun-jliw all-gathering, all-uniting. Kun-dbdh almighty. Kun~rdz6b al- together vain, delusive; knu-rdzob-kyi bdcn- pa subjective truth Was. Kun-yzi lit.: the primary cause of all things, viz.: 1. the SOUl or spirit, kun-fzii wim (opp. to Jbyiiit-bd bzll his the body consisting of the 4 elements), kun-yzii sents-la po mo ma ti/c/'v-tc as no difference of sex exists in souls (we, though being women, would beg etc.) Mil. 2. With more precise distinction: kun-yzi sou! as the seat of the passions, opp. to sems-nyid, the very soul, the spirit as the seat of reason Mil. 3. To the followers of the Adibuddha doctrine kun-fzi is = God, Adibuddha. kun- fzii Sans-ryyas. - - Kun-fziys all-seeing. Kun-sldii Lea:, v. slon-ba. \ kun-da Ssk. jessamine. . kun-du-m Ssk. incense. Bos\yellia. kion-pa, also kum-kum, k&m-po } crooked, shriveled, dried up ; *kum W. to bend together, to double. (Cf. xkinn-pa). kum-bha Ssk. earthen jar. ^' kum-bi-m Ssk. crocodile. ^s ^j. kf numeral: 91, ke-pa the 91st (vo- ' lume). m-m-^- ke-ke-m., also kerketana $ ke- ^ taka Ssk. 'n. of a precious white stone' Cs.; our Ssk. dictionaries give but the last of these names, and as its only signification the name of the tree Pandanus odoratissima. * ke-ta-ra Sambh., n. of a moun- tain, prob. Kedara, part of the Himalaya. Will. ^j_. ke-tu Ssk. a fiery meteor, shooting *3> star; the descending node. kc-rtee v. keu-rtse. "j ^ ke-re v. kye^rc. TJ'ajvq- m*aiv ^^ Will, n. of a lofty region of the Himalaya, mythological rather than geographical, seems to be the same as Ti-se q. v., though modern geo- graphers apply the name to different ranges. m'fST,T* ke-lan; the fraternity or asso- ciation, which Hue mentions under this name (Voy. II ch. 6), seemed to be totally unknown to our Tashi- Ihunpo Lama, although the expectation of a final war between Buddhist believers kon and infidels, in which the latter will be destroyed, is widely spread through Tibet. kf-m-ka Wdn. n. of a plant, per- haps kehika, Arum Colocasia, with edible root; or = ken-su-kaf key-ma = kdg-m Cs. fi-rus skeleton. mp- n-m- kcii-m-ka L(\c., Sambh., Wdn., %? ' n. of a tree. keii-rtM, also ke-rtse, jacket Mil. ktit-ri u - f a female terrifying deity Dzi ?c G , : ace. to the Mon- gol version: customary seal, dubious. fa suddenly Sch. Y kcr-ba to raise, lift up, e. g. the finger towards heaven Glr. ; /<<'/ Idn-ba to rise, stand up. rtf ko 1. num.: 121; ko-pa the 121st ' (volume). 2. affix, = ka col. Ld. - 3. all, whole Sc/u:, cf. kob. rfrryr" ko-k<> 1. also ko-sko, throat, chin Sch., ko-sko deys LesJ 2. = ka- ka W. Y ko-ko-fdn-ma n. of a country in or near Ceylon Pth. "V- ko-nyon-tee, also ko-nyol-tse, ko- lon-tsc the kernel of the pine- apple 6s.; more particularly the edible seed of the Neosa-pine in the valley of the Sutledj; also skan-nyan-tse Kun. ko-fa, Ssk. 0^3, a kind of leprosy Wdn. ko-pah-tse a sort of tea Sc/ir. ko-pdn* guitar LcL; it is tuned in 3 fourths. 1. hide, skin. - - 2. leather, *ko-tca nye-Kan* tanner T.; yldn-ko neat's leather. ko-krdd leather-shoe. ko-wkatt 1. tanner. 2. (ace. to some also:) conductor of a leather-boat, boatman. - ko-btiim 'leather-wrapping' is said to be a criminal punishment in '., in different degrees of severity, e. g. *ldy-pa ko-tum*, when the culprit's hands are cut off, the stumps sewed up in leather, and the wretch thrown as a beggar upon public- charity etc. ko-fdy strap, thong. ko- f<rijx ( *. ; a small instrument of leather to weave lace with. ko-gddn a piece of leather put under the saddle Sch. - /><>-/] H/,/* hide, leather. ko-Jbvys Sch.: three-edged needle for leather. ko-fsdf/ leather-sieve. ko-rvl a rotten hide. **]*! ko-bo n. of a country W<lk. ^j ^ ko-ma n. of a bird Wdn. m"P'OT ko-iruy is meant, to express the voice of a raven. rfr^" ko-ra, Hindi cj?|<j, more tibeta- nized ko-rds, unbleached coarse cotton cloth. m^- ko-re, in compounds kor W., cup for drinking; sih-kor wooden cup, a utensil every Tibetan carries with him in his bosom; xel-kor (European) tumbler. (Cf. por-pa). ko-loii, a dubious word. Sch. has ko-lon-ba to hate, envy, but in a passage in Mil., where the connection admits of no doubt, ko-lon mdzad-pa must be taken for: to disdain. ko-satn-bi. DzL, Glr., Ssk.: Sfifarnsft n. of an ancient city on the Ganges, in the Doab. ko-sa-la Sambh., Ssk.: cjjfarsn, = Ayodhya, Oude. i-rt- koy-pa I. subst., also skoy-pa, skoc/s-pa shell, peel, rind; sun-koy id.; pyi-koy exterior shell, bark; koy-jtu su-ba to peel, pare. II. vb. n. to splinter Off, to chink; kog lah-ba \. id. 2. to rise suddenly and run away. T*-. kon, also ko//-ko/t , 1. concave, ex- cavated. 2. crooked, */>/-*/ ^s/y/-/ koii-kdh co* the cat makes a crooked back W. koii-po 1. cup, bowl. 2. crucible. 3. breach, gap Sch. 4. n. of a province S. E. of Lhasa. kon-bu small cup, bowl; - mcod-kon offering-bowl; may-koii inkstand kod for black ink, mfsdl-kon for red ink, ver- milion; *lfy-kon* casting-mould 6'. rft- kod ('a, gathering'?) 1. lag-Ud Ld. n an armful of com, a sheaf. 2. affix = bad, ka, ko: *nyis-kod, 'ita-kod* all the two, all the five Ld. ^' kob all, Ld. col. rfc' kor, root denoting anything round or concave, hence: kot'-kor 1. adj. round, circular C. (= *kyif-kyh* W!J; roundish, globular ('.; concave, deep, as a soup-plate (opp. to flat) W. 2. sbst. a thick loaf of bread, (opp. to a flat, thin cake) C.; a pan, saucepan W.; a hollow in the ground, a pit not very deep W.; stod-kor a little circle above a letter, Ssk. anuswara; kldd-kor id., a dot, zero, naught; ydub-kor bracelet 6s.; pdd-kor a certain way of folding the fingers, so as to re- present the form of a lotus-flower; < ofZ- bor a radiant circle 6s. Of. skor-ba, O fcor- ba, ko-re. kor-do-ba boot Ld.? hol-to dumb, mute SpJ rfTxrrH" kos-ko = ko-ko; kos-myun with a ' pointed chin Sch. !^ ^'(^^" kya-sir-rlun v. A-J/M. mqy %a<7, also tyag-kydg, thick, run into ^ ' clots 6s. kyay-kyoy curved, crooked; > kyay-kyoy co-ce* W. to shake one's head, viz. slowly, in meditating; *H-mo kyag-(ga-) kyog-(ge)* a flourish (in writing) W. Cf. kyog-kyog. mr* %/i I. adj., also kyaii-kydit, kya/t- * po, straight, slender, as a stick; *kyan-kyan riit-mo* tall, slender, as a man, a tree etc. W. II. adv. = ya/i, too, also, always used enclitically, after the letters g, d, b, s. kyan-ky&n, also *kyan-na-kyoit-ne*, indolent, lazy, idle W. ; *kya/i-kyo/t co-ce* to lounge, to be idle W. kyar-kydr, also kyar-po flat, not globular Cs. men-men' "* ' ^ I * kt/ai'-kyor , also ^kyar-ra-kyor-re*., still feeble, as convalescents after a disease. kyal-ka 1. joke, jest, in words (Lix. kiwi fsiy). 2. jocular trick, ku-n- </((/'/ kydl-kaipyir by way of jest, for fun. 3. any worthless, foolish, indecent talk Stg. kycd-kyal L<\r. w. e.; Sc/i.: ki/<d- kyal-ba to go round (?_). ty al "tyl = kyar-kyor, ditd- c gro kyal-kyol c ya some poor ill-con- ditioned beast, speaking of cattle, Mil. nt. m> kyi, affix I. to sbst. -roots, ending ^ in d, b, s: sign of the genitive case. - II. to verbal roots, after the same final letters , and then without an essen- tial difference from kyls, to which we add in this place also examples of the other terminations yi(s), </yi(*) , yi(*)> i (the s by itself is not used after ver- bal roots): a. in the sense of a gerund, meaning by (doing something), because, dgos-kyis Q do it-no w r e come because it is necessary . . . , or more freq. though, </</<if though she is glad . . . DzL, in which case it may often be rendered in English by but: she is glad, but . . . ; zas b~uit-i> mi O dod-kyis fa-mdl-pa zos he did not care lor dainties, but ate vulgar food Dzl.; or it has to be omitted: bden-pa yin-gyis rdzun-pa ma yin it is true, no fiction Dzl. b. as an adjective, forming, like ki/fa (q. v.), with c du(/ or yod a periphrastical present tense e. g. f groi O duy he is walk- ing, ^oit-gi yod he is coming. c. at the end of a sentence in the sense of a finite verb and more particularly in the 1. pers. fut. : c </yod mi rmoi I shall not make you suffer for it Dzl., was grogs byd-yis I shall help Glr., bzag-gi, and: bzdg-gis I shall put Glr. This use of kyi(s) is said to be quite common at the present time in 6'., whereas in W. not only the whole gerundial use, but even the distinction of kyi, yyi, gi in the ge- nitive case of a sbst. has disappeared from colloquial language, instead of which the last consonant is repeated and the vowel \ added: mii-wi of the wood, *yid-di* of the mind, *bdl-li* of the wool. Note 1. tyi(s) when combined with adjective roots, includes the verb to be, c. g. mdn-yi = -nid/'i-^o yln-yyi. 2. In colloquial language and later literature the genitive of the verbal root often takes the place of the genit. infinitivi, which seldom occurs in the old classical style, e. g. nam O fsoi bdr-du lifelong. 3. )i nits kyi(s)j ji fvb-kyi(x) or vulg. *fwb-bi*, as much as (I, you etc.) can (could etc.) 4. kyi($), when denoting an antithesis, is often followed by a pleonastical ^on-kyaii. m'rr kyi-lce a naedic. plant, Gentiana de- ^ " cumbens L., k. dkdr-po a variety of it with white flowers. ^'S^* kyi-ldi)- iron hoop Ld.' kyi-bim a feeling cold, a chill Sch. kyi-lii<d the sound of weeping, la- mentation. kyiy-rtse unburnt brick Mi. '^ 1 "" kyiit-x!r-i'[iiit. Mil. also kyu-s. /., (..'., an onomatopoetic word: a blowing wind. TH* ky'm, used alternatively \vith yyin ~^ ' and gin, alter a vowel : yin, denotes a partic. present, e. g. smon-lam ^debs- kyin so ft, proceed on your way praying! With yod or ( dufj it forms a periphrastical present tense: smon-lam jlebs-kyin yod he is praying (just now); in Ld. even as a real subst.: *sug-ra c fon-yyin (ziy) dan* 'with u whistling sound proceeding from it', *d6~yin-dan* 'together with walking' = in walking. kijir-kyir W. (= kor-kor C.) round, circular; around thing, disk, e. g. the little silver saucer which the women of Lh. wear as an ornament on the crown of their head; kyir-mo id., esp. a rupee Ld. ; *da kyir-kyir* the disk of the moon. kyis, after d, b, s. 1. sign of the instrumentative case, and therefore generally indicating the personal subject of the action. 2. combined with verbal roots = /'///. m- kye oh! holla! in calling to somebody; "** in solemnly addressing a person or an auditory; also merely the sign of the vo- cative case B. (in W. */*) kye-kye id. emphatically. JT1* abbrev. for kye-kye v. kye. ky('-ya n. of a bird. Med. "(^.T") kye-pdn-(pa) n. of an idol in Lh., consisting like most of the popular idols in those countries of a wooden stick or log decked with rags, but much dreaded and revered; said to be identical with Pe-dkar in C. Its worship probably dates from a time before Buddhism was introduced. ^..j. kye-ma oh! alas! mostly expressive "* of sorrow, often combined with kyi- hud; also sign of the vocative case. Sel- dom it expresses joy. kye-mao id. f^. kye-rt upright, erect; *kye-i-e lan-wa*, ^ resp. *zeh-wa C., kyer-kyer-la dad-ce, resp. zan-ce* W. to stand; * c yo kyer }/><>'- pa* to raise one's head, to look up C. Cf. kyer-ba. \ kye-hud, = kyi-hud. TWC& kye-lio hollo! heigh! well! also like the T behold of the Holy Scriptures. kyed-kyed) also bran-kydd } with the upper part of the body stretched forward Ld. |TT^" kycr, v. kye-re. Jq- kyo-ba hook Sch. ^n- kyoy, also kyoy-kyoy, kyoy-po, crooked, ^ ' bent, winding, rtse kyoy with its point bent, crooked at the top. Med. ftfr kyoit., also kyoit-kyoii, kyon-po 1. hard. ^ as e. g. stale bread, ctt /,!/<>/'/-/ >n hard water; obstinate, unmanageable; kyoii-J'<>- a sort of relievo-work in metal. 2. ob- long ('. Sch.: kyon-k'a quarrel, k>/<'t- myo cause of a quarrel (?). Cf. Ka-yyon. kyon kluits rfir-' kyoti, also kyoit-bu., small shovel, r scraper /Sc//. ryw- kyom, also kyom-kyom, 1. flexible, ^ but without elasticity, flabby, loose, lax. --2. also Kyom-Kyom, of irregular shape, not rectilinear. ry^- kyor, also kyor-kyor weak, feeble, un- T fortified 6s. |Tp4" kyol, also kyol-kyol = Xv/or 6s. mp-p- K't'a/t-/i(i standing, kr&n sdod-pct to stand /?w. fy. Xro/J. krdd-pa leather half-boot or shoe, as it is worn by the lower class of people, often with a woolen leg; krad- rgyun 6s. a long narrow piece of leather to fasten the sole to the upper-leather; *tad-kyP W. *ta'-kyi* C. (or gyi, from gyi- na?) a worn-out leather sole. krab-krdb v. Jcrab-pa. kram W. cabbage, kram-mndr sweet or fresh cabbage; kram-skyur sour or macerated cabbage 6s. (?) kri-kri n. of a fabulous king of India Glr., not mentioned in the Ssk. dictionaries. TOu'^P's kri*na-s<i-ra Ssk. the spotted an- JHC r^ telope Mi. kru-kru W. windpipe, *%-f?i dam-te s'-ce* to be strangled. kre-ndg smut of a kettle 6V7i. (== sre-nag?) kran-krtit standing upright, e. g. books (opp. to *ffyel-Kan* laid down, lying TF.); when used of persons it means also: standing on one's knees, kneeling in an upright position. jj- kron-kron hanging, *ton-ton-la dug- ce* to hang, to be suspended in the air W. rrrrfr kla-klo 1. Ssk. ^^ barbarian. - J 2. in later times: Moslem, Mahome- tan; Mahometanism. Was. " Uag-l-or clamour, noise 6s. rn~- klad, ace. to Lis. = goh what is ^ above; hence kldd-pa, also glad, 1. head. 2. brain, and klad-ma beginning, top Sch.; guf-kldd chimney of a felt-tent. klad-kor v. kor. klud-rgyd the skin covering the brain, pia mater; kiad-rgyas, = Ihd-ba, 'the bloody marrow in the bones' ScJi., or simply 'brain' Schf. klad- sgo the fontanel in the infant cranium Sch. klad-cun the cerebellum Sch. klad- yzuit spinal marrow. klad-yzer head- ache Med. klad-subs = klad-rgyd Sch. mj-m- klan-ka 1. censure, blame 6k, klan ' byed-pa, O debs-pa to blame, 1 cf. skur- kldn. 2. klan Jsol-ba to seek brawls Pth. '^J" ktim-pa v. klon-pa. rn' kht,Ssk. TT^r, originally: hooded snake, vl cobra di capello; in this specific sense, however, it is never used in Tibetan, whereas every child knows and believes in the mythological signification: serpent- demon, a demigod with a human head and the body of a serpent, living in fountains, rivers etc., commanding over great trea- sures, causing rain and certain maladies, and becoming dangerous when in anger; ydug-pa is therefore a usual epitheton of such demons, klui skad means the Pra- krit language, klui yi-ge the Nagari cha- racter of Ssk. letters, viz. that which is called carttula, in contrast to the holy landza, lhai yi-ge - - klui ) nod-pa or skyon diseases of unknown origin. klu- mo a female serpent- demon. klu-sgriib, prop, n., Nagarjuna, a fa- mous Buddhist divine. klu-mdud Co- donopsis ovata. klu-nad = klui-ynod-pa. klu-pi'ug a young Lu. klu-smdn 'n. of a medicine' 6s., but sman and klu- smdn are also synonyms for klu, Glr.., Mil. etc. ^P" kluft river, mo.ve com. cu-ktiiit. It. >o Tflufis 1. cultivated land, field, k-h'n'is- su skye it grows on cultivated ground Wdn. -- 2. a complex of fields, dk-ur- klub-pa mdaiis-kyi kiwi fsdh-ma all the fields be- longing to Kardang (n. of a village). klub-pa, pf. klubs, to cover, e. g. the body with ornaments Pth. klog v. kloy-pa. mrn-rr Hoy-pa I. s&s. earwax 5c/t. II. 1-6., X- (b)klays, ft. (b)kla<j, /////>. X:/0#, #i0ir/s, to read, B., C., yid-kyis kloy- pa to read without uttering a sound; kloy-pa or Ho^r s6s. reading, kloy bzdn-po ses-pa Mil. to be a good reader; kloy-yi slob-dpon a reading- teacher. kloy-yra a reading-school. -- kloy-fabs, kloy-fsul art, way of reading. rfc kloit ace. to L^. = Ssk. urmi, wave; ^ in the living language it is used for middle; in ancient literature for expanse, esp. ndm-m/cai of the heavens, ryyd-mfsoi of the sea; ran-bytin kloti yaiis btjod-med the unspeakably vast uncreated space; hence: the space of heaven, the heavens, klon-du Idin-ba to soar, to hover in the sky. This vagueness of meaning makes the word suited to the idle fancies of mysti- cism, as in: kloh-du Q yyur-ba, which seems to denote a soaring into mystic perfection. dba-klon Sch.: wave; Tibetans of to- day, and Schr. : the midst of the waves. - kloii-brdol Glr. was explained by La- mas: emerging from amidst the waves. (The significations 'depth, abyss, plenty, body' added by Sch. seem to be erroneous). Cf. dkijel mgr-rr klon-pa, also kldn-pa, to mend, patch v. also Ihdn-pa. ksa-ya Ssk. prop, phthisis pulmonalis; n. but ace. to Tib. pathology kxa-ya ndy-po denotes a bilious disease, prob. icterus niger, black jaundice. ^TppJ'Cf dkdys-po W. for dka-bo. ffm-gr dkan, also rkan (Ld. *skan*) 1. the ' palate, yd-dkan, the upper, md-dkan the lower part of the palate; *kdn-da O deb- pa* to smack C'.; dkan-ynyer the wrinkles of the roof of the mouth 6s. 2. dkan yzur-po Lex. w. e , Sch. steep declivity, precipice. rmn*q* dka-ba \. adj., also -bo, seld. -mo, difficult, slob-pa dkd-ba learning is difficult DzL, gen. with supine: slob-tu or slob-par dka it is difficult to learn, or with the root: go-dkd difficult to under- stand; dkdr-ba byun it has become diffi- cult, it is difficult (to me, to him etc.) 2. sbst. dkd-ba pains, exertion, hardship, suffering, dkd-ba mcd-par without difficulty, easily, dka-ba spyod-pa to undergo hard- ships = to use exercises of penance dka-^yrel Cs. 'a difficult commentary', ace. to Tib. dictionaries = xrf^RT per- petual commentary, lit.: explanation of difficulties. - - dka-fiib, dka-spyod, dka- spydd 1. penance. 2. penitent; d&a-f&b-pa, dka-spyod-pa, dkd-fub-can, penitent, O fso- ba dka-fub-ba rten-pa to live as a peni- tent. dka-sduy trouble, dka-sduy mdn- po byed-pa to take great pains C. - dka-fseys = dkd-ba. dka-lds 1. a trouble- some work. 2. trouble, distress. dkdr-ba I. adj., also -po, seld. -mo 1. white, whitish, gray. 2. morally good, standing on the side of virtue 3. candid, sincere? las dkdr-po good action; Ka-zds dkdr-po v. dkar-zds; dkdr-la dmar-mddns-can white and red of complexion Pth. II. sbst. whiteness. dkdr-mo sbst. 1. the goddess Durga. 2. white rice 6s. Comp. dkar-skya light-gray. dkar- ttiin 1. window-hole in a wall W. - opening for the smoke in the roof C. dkar-yon C. a piece of quartz, (ace. to popular belief porcelain is made of quartz,) hence 6s.: 'porcelain-clay.' dkar-ryyd rose-coloured. dkar-cdy register. dkar- foy = dkar-zas. - - dkar-me a light (?), dkar-me sbor-ba Sch. 'to light a candle.' - dkar-dmar light-red Sch. -- dkar-H*i white-wash, consisting of lime or some other earthy colour C., W. <//v//--c</X Ka-zds dkar-po, dkar-fdg clean food, lenten 10 dku dkon-mcog diet, viz. esp. milk, curd, cheese or butter, as dkar-ysiim ScJif. Tar. (Germ, translat. p. 335); also honey, fruit. -- dkar-yol, resp. C. *zal-kar, W. sol-kar* porcelain, china- ware, cups or plates of porcelain, dkar-yol sgrig-pa to place the china-service on the table, for: to lay the cloth. dkar-yyd W. tin, pewter, *kar-yd dan zdr-ce* to solder. dkar-ser yellowish white. dkar- ysdl 1. shining white, sku-mdog dkar-ysdl ydiis-ri O dra of a bright white colour like a glacier Glr. '2. window Sch. (?) rm- dku 1. the side of a person's body Cs., *4 dkur or dkii-la rten-pa to carry a thing at one's side Zam.; dku brtolba to open the side (in child-birth, v. mnal). 2. v. dku-ba. Comp. dku-lci a heavy feeling in the side, as a symptom of pregnancy. dku-mda (*kum-da*) W. (== mcan-mda?) pocket in the clothes. dku-ndd apparently a disease of the kidneys. dku-zlum, Lex. qjf% cavity of the abdomen, womb. dku-lto craft, cunning, trick, stratagem, esp. if under specious pretence one person induces another to do a thing that proves hurtful to him. __.,_. dku-ba 'sweet scent' Cs.; Zam.: = vj ^f?T stench. dkon-mcog (W. : *kon-cog, kon- cog, C.: kon-cff) 1. the most precious thing. Buddhism has always sought the highest good not in anything material, but in the moral sphere, looking with indifference, and indeed with contempt, on everything merely relating to matter. It is not, however, moral perfection or the happiness attained thereby, which is understood by the 'most precious thing', but the mediator or mediators who pro- cure that happiness for mankind, viz. Buddha, (the originator of the doctrine), the doctrinal scriptures and the corporate body of priests, f^j^, dkon-mcog ysum. Now, although this triad cannot by any means be placed on a level with the Christian doctrine of a triune God, yet it will be easily understood, how the in- nate desire of man to adore and worship something supernatural, together with the hierarchical tendency of the teaching class, have afterwards contributed to convert the acknowledgment of human activity for the benefit of others (for such it was undoubtedly on the part of the founder himself and his earlier followers) into a devout, and by degrees idolatrous ado- ration of these three agents, especially as Buddha's religious doctrine did not at all satisfy the deeper wants of the human mind, and as its author himself did not know anything of a God standing apart and above this world. For whatever in Buddhism is found of beings to whom divine attributes are assigned, has either been transferred from the Indian and other mythologies, and had accordingly been current among the people before the introduction of Buddhism, or is a pro- duct of philosophical speculation, that has remained more or less foreign to the people at large. 2. As then the original and etymological signification of the word is no longer current, and as to every Tibetan 'dkon-wicog' suggests the idea of some supernatural power, the existence of which he feels in his heart, and the nature and properties of which he at- tributes more or less to the three agents mentioned above, we are fully entitled to assign to the word dkon-mcog also the signification of God, though the sublime conception which the Bible connects with this word, viz. that of a personal, absolute, omnipotent being, will only with the spread of the Christian religion be gra- dually introduced and established. Note 1. ran-gnib-dkon-mcog with Sch)'. is evidently the appellation of the Christian God adopted by the Rom. Cath. missio- naries of those times. 2. In the older writings dkon-mcog occurs (as far as I know) never without ysum, and combi- nations such as dkon-mcog -la mcod-pa 11 dkon-pa dkri-ba byed-pa or ysol-ba O debs-pa, as well as bla- ma dkon-mcoy, are to be found only in writings of a comparatively recent date. 3. Instead of the phrase of asseve- ration: dkon-mcoy ses, God knows! the mere words dkon-mcoy ysum are fre- quently used in the same sense. -r' dkon-pa C., B., -mo W. rare, scarce, and therefore dear, pre- cious, valuable (in an objective sense, cf. yces-pa) c jiy-rten-na dkon-no is exceedingly rare in the world Dzl., c jiy-rten-na dkon- par bzdu-no it is of a beauty rarely to be met with in the world Dzl. ; Kyod O dra mfoii-na dkon-ryyu med to see a person like you, is nothing particular Mil.; Ice bde-mo-la Uid cos dkon with a prattler religion is scarce, there is generally not much religion about him Mil. dkon- nor riches, valuables Mil. dkor 1. wealth, riches. 2. rnfil- dkor, y ah- dkor , sa-dkor are ex- pressions current in 6'. which I could not get sufficiently explained. dkor-nor = nor. - - dkor-pa 6s., dkor-mi Sch. trea- surer. dkor-mdzod frq., treasury. dkor- rdzoys (pronounce *kvr-zog(*)*i n. of a monastery in southern Ladak, situated 16 000 feet high. rmx* dkyar Z., Ld., a sort of snow-shoes. ** (Sch.: 'stocking-boots'?) dkyil the middle, dkyil-du, ~na in the middle, c. genit. in the midst of, amidst; dkyil-nas from the middle, from amidst; relative to time: *yar-ri kyil-la* W., in the middle of summer. dkyil-ma the middle one, e. g. room, = dwelling-room Ld. Comp. dkyil-dkruh v. skyil-dkrun. - dkyil- Jtor 1. circle, circumference, frq. 2. figure, e. g. dkyil- Jtor yru-bzi-pa quadrangle, square; a certain mystical figure; diagram, model. 3. a circle of objects, Jior-gyi dkyil- ^Kor the circle of the attendants. 4. the area of a circle, disk, e. g. of the sun; zdl-yyi dkyil- Kor bstan = he showed his full countenance l*th. 5. sphere,' rlim-yi dkyil- Jtor the atmosphere, mei-dkyil-Jfor the sphere of fire, and similarly of the other elements, lliai dkyil- Jtor may perh. likewise be translated by : the sphere of the power of a certain god. In mysticism and magic, however, several other more or less ar- bitrary significations are assigned to the word, e. g. it is said to be used for lus- kyi dkyil-Jlor the whole extent or bulk of the body, = the body, dkyil- Jcor-yyi ynds-su O cdn-ba to wear on one's body (e. g. an amulet); or instead of cos-kyi dky. : dkyil Kor mfon-ba to behold the whole extent of religious doctrine (?). Note. In Lex. dkyil is said to be = ^rn^; perh. merely because dkyil-Jcor is used for mixg^t? But mdn-dal-y^i dki/il- Jcor is the Buddhistic map of the world, representing mount Sumeru with the sur- rounding continents etc. rm-q- dkyu-ba 1 to run a race Cs. 2. %g to wring out, to filter Sch. 3. to caper about Ld. -- dkyu-byai rta race- horse 6s., dkyu-sa race-course 6s. dkyyy-pa to lose colour by wash- ing Ld. , perh. more correctly skyuy-pa. cm$r dkyus \. length, dkijus-su in length, 1^ dkyus-rm long 6'., spyan-dkyvs length from one corner of the eye to the other (e. g. in an image) 6'. (Sch. : bold, in- solent?) 2. untruth, falsehood, lie. Tar. 108. 7. dkyus-nyid seems to be used so, whilst 188, 5 is totally obscure. dkyus-ma common, every-day, e. g. na-bza every-day clothes, dbu-za work-day hat; hence mi dkyus-ma common people (without office or authority) 6'. dkyel seems to be ace. to 6s. a synonym of klon. I only met with the word dkyel-po ce in a medical work; Sch. explains it by universe, and a native Lex. by Kau ydns-pa the wide house, which possibly may signify the same. _^._. dkri-ba pf. dkris, vb. a. (cf. /.r/- '^ ba) to wind, to wind up, gru-gu a clew or ball of thread, lua-la yos (or yds- 12 J" dkrigspa bka kyis) dkr.j to wrap a garment round the body ; rtsd-bar Jcor-lo dkn's-pai j'ceu Med. was explained to me: a magic spell in circular writing, wrapped round the lower end of a clyster-pipe, Jig.: ser-snas kun- nas dkns quite ensnared in avarice; kun- dkris l all-ensnaring' = sin. - - dkri-ma (Glr. 47. where the text has drima) means very likely necker-chief, which col. is called *kog-U or Ka-ti C. 'og-sri, Ka-sti, kya-sri* W. In the sense of Jcrid-pa to conduct (Seh.) it never came to my notice. dkrigs-pa I. darkened, obscured, dim, = krigs-pa. also dkrigs- prdg, term for a very large number, Cs.: a 100000 billion, ace to Zam. ytdms- pa, which Cs. renders, a 1000 billion. The one may be, after all, as correct as the other, for all these large numbers are, of course, not meant to be used in se- rious calculations, but are mere imitations of fantastic Indian extravagancies. dkrug-pa pf. dkrugs (W. **rug- ce*) to stir, stir up, agitate (as the storm does the sea); to trouble, dis- turb, confound (as enemies of religion con- found the doctrine, or as passions disturb the mind); dkmgs-sin 1. stirring-stick, twirling- stick. 2. disturber, enemy e.g. of the doctrine Glr. dkrugs Schr. : turning-lathe (?) - byed - pa dubious; a safer reading is dkii-lto byed-pa. " dkrun v. skyil. I" dkrum-pa Cs. $ Sch.: broken. j. dkrog-pa (= skrog-pa) 1. to stir, churn frq. 2. to rouse, scare up, Glr. 3. to wag e. g. the tail W. dkrol-ba v. Jtrol-ba. bkag-pa v. c gegs-pa; bkdg-ea byed- pa to forbid Sch. "T bkdn-ba v. gens-pa to fill. nmr' bkad? Lex. quote fdgs-kyi bkad, ' which was explained to me by: the crossing of threads in weaving; si- milar: mgo-spui bkad, mgo-bkdd the crossing or entangling of the hair on the head. bkdd-pa seems = Q Kad-pa. bkdd-sa 1. a bake-house, kitchen, cook's shop Lea:. 2. open hall or shed, erected on festive occasions Tib.- Ssk. Glossary; Tar. 18, 12. I- bkdn-pa to put, to press, rkdit-pa rtsig-pa-la one's foot against a wall; to apply, yso-mo the plane, lag-pa the hand Zam., to put the hand on or to something (or: stretch it out? Sch.) "|* bkdb-pa v. c gebs-pa. bka (resp. for ytam, fsig, skad) word, speech of a respected person (where- fore order, commandment may often be substituted for it), rgydl-poi bka the word of the king, bkd-la ytsogs-pa to belong to the word, i. e. to be under the command- ment or dominion (of somebody) Glr.; rgydl-bai bka the word of Buddha (this is named as one of the five 'means of grace', so to speak, Glr. fol. 70; the four others are: mdo-ryyiid the sacred writings (sutra and tantra), bstan-bcos doctrinal and scientific writings (sastra), lu/i oral benedictions and instructions of Lamas, man-nag admonitions given by them). After quotations bka or bkao (= skail c\- skad-do) means: thus says (the holy book or teacher), bka as first part of a com- pound is frequently used to give the word adjoined the character of respectfulness, and is therefore not to be translated se- parately. Phrases and compounds: bka bkdd-pa to publish, proclaim; publication, procla- mation 6'. bka-bkyun (col *kab-kyon*) 'verbal blows' reprimand, rebuke (given by a superior), bka-bkyon byed-pa, mihdd-pa B. 6'., *ton-ec ) piii-ee* W., bka bkyon-pa, all of them construed with dat., to rebuke somebody. - - bka-btcn'ms law, command- ment, rgydl-poi bka- lii't'ms ynydn-pas by the cruel order of the king Dzl. bka bgr6-ba to consult, to deliberate, nan-blon bcu 13 bka bkar <1 it, bka-zib-tu byros-pa-la deliberating carefully with the ten ministers of the interior I*th. (Sehr. gives also, bka-yros Q dri-ba to ask, byed-pa to give advice), bka- f gyur (*kd-gyurf com. *kcm*gyur, L-an.-dijur, * in Mongolia *kan-gur*) the word of Buddha, as translated from the original Sanskrit, the holy scriptures of the Buddhists (100 volumes). bka ( yrol- ba to dismiss Pth., bka-bkrol leave of ab- sence, ysol-ba to ask for, ynan-ba to grant leave Schi'. bka-ryya, bka-soy, resp. for ryyu-ma and soy-bu, letter or paper from a superior etc , diploma, missive, communi- cation etc. bka-rgyud 1. bkai rgyud 'thread of the word', the oral tradition of the word of Buddha, which is sup- posed to have been delivered through a continual series of teachers and disciples besides the written scriptures; bka-rgyud bla-rma a Lama deriving his religious knowledge in this manner from Buddha himself MiL 2. perh. also = bka dan rgyud 'word and tantra', oral and written instruction; bka-rgyud-pa n. of a Lama- sect Scld. 73. ; bka-bsyos commandment, pre- cept. bka-syyur order, bka-syyur jnaft- ba to issue an order ' C. bka syyitr-ba 1 to translate the words (of Buddha etc.) 2. to issue an order (viz. in the name of a superior). bka syroy-pa \. to pub- lish an order. 2. to proclaim, read, preach the word. bka yi-oy-pa to act against an order, yab-kyi bka bcay-tu med the order of the father must be obeyed Glr. bka-cems resp. for Ka-cems testament. - bka-mcid resp. for mcid, words or speech of a superior or any person to be honoured. bka nyan-pa ccyp. \. vb. to Obey. 2. adj. obedient, bka mi nyan- pa 1. to disobey. 2. disobedient, bka piijan 'the cruel commander', ace. to a Lex. == btsan-pai sa-bday 'the mighty lord of the ground', is said to be the first of gods, either Siva or a pre-bud- dhistic deity. *ka tatl-ce* W, to per- mit. bka bhtf/H-pa (Lex. : = Rrims bsyray*- pa) a proclaimed order, cf. bkar. bka- rtays Cs.: mark, seal, precept, maxim (?) bka-stod Sch.: 'a subaltern, agent' (?) bka-faii order, edict. bka-drin resp. for drin, favour, grace, kindness, benefit, bka- drinmdzdd-pa to bestow a favour, mi-la upon somebody; bld-mai bka-drin - ytjis through the kindness of his (your) re- verence Mil.; bka-drin-ce the usual phrase of acknowledgment, as our: you are very kind! many thanks! B. and col. bka- druti, secretary (of a high person) C. - bka-yddms, = zal-yddms advice, counsel, instruction; bka-yddms-pa I. adviser Sch. 2. n. of a sect of rod Lamas, founded by Brom-ston Schl. 73. bka- doys-pa to proclaim; proclamation. bka-bsdli-ba collection of the doctrine Tar. -- *ka- ndn* instruction 6'. bka yndii-ba 1. vb. to order, command; grant, permit; 2. sbst. order; permission; tied bod-k,i ryydl-poi btsun-mo-la bka yuan-bar zu I beg you will give her as a consort to my (the Tibetan) king Glr. bka-pebs Sch. a supreme order. -- bka-pnn message. - bka c bdb-pa the going forth of an order, bka-Jbdb order, edict Schr. bka-Jbum, vulg. *kam-bum*, the hundred thousand precepts (title of a book). bka stsol-ba, pf. stsal (stsdi-to, stsdi-pa), resp. for smi'd- ba to speak, to say (ace. to circumstances: to command, ask, beg, relate, answer etc."), esp. in ancient literature, in which it is almost invariably used of Buddha and of kings. -- bka-blo-bde Lex.: = ?J^^g[ speaking well, eloquently; Sch.: bka-blo- bde-ba to acknowledge to be wrong (?); bka-blon, (bkai blon-po Glr. f. 94) prime minister; any high official. bka-soy any writing of a superior, decree, diploma, passport, official paper, letter. bka ysdys \. a high official, counsellor. 6'. 2. court of justice, judgment-hall. ___. bkai' term, of bka in or to the word etc ; bkar Joys-pa ( Is. to legalize, Dzl cap. 4: to proclaim, publish, bkur- x-jiu published; publication. 14 --la bkra-ba bkdr-ba v. dydr-ba. bkdl-ba v. c lcdl-ba and bkas instr. of bka; bkds-pa v. _._. bku-ba Lex. : to extract, to make an N] extract of a drug by drawing out the juice (fcu-ba Jbyin-pa); bkiis-te J)6r-ba id.; smdn-bku medicinal extract. bkug v. kug; bkug-pa v. ,yiiys-pa. bkum v kum; bkum-pa v. c yums-pa. N3 bkur-ba I. 1 . vb. to honour, esteem (synon. mcod-pa), mdn-pos bkur- bai rgydl-po, u^\mi\<\, the king honoured by many, frq.; kiin-y ,is bkur-ziii mcod- pai ^os worthy of general honour and respect Mil; mis bkur-bar mi f ayur is not esteemed by men Dzl. - - 2. sbst. honour; more frq., bkur-sti, honour, respect, homage, mark of honour, bkur-stis mcdd- pa to distinguish (a person) by marks of respect Zam.; rdn-la bkur-sti O byun dus when honour is shown to yourself Mil.; bkur-sti byed-pa to do honour frq.; to make a reverence, to salute. II. pf. of Jlur-ba to carry; in the term mdn-pos bkur-bai rgydl-po the legend combines this signification with the preceding one Glr. bkog-pa v. c < ^TIC^* bkoii-ba v. C g6u-ba. -q- bkod-pa v. ,god-pa. bkon-pa v Jlon-pa. bkob-lta (*M>-ta*) the plan of an undertaking W. (vulg. pronun- ciation for bkod-blta?) "> bkor- dre Mil. seems to be a ^ kind of goblins. rq'bkol-ba v. M-ba. bkdl-ba C's.: to talk nonsense, v. kydl-ka; bkydl-pai nay = kydl- ka Lex. q- bkyiy-pa v. Ky<iy-pa. bkye-ba v. c gyed-pa. Myal-pa to bend back, recline (vb. nt.), rgyaits byed-de bending or turning far aside. q^H'^T bkyon-pa to beat (= rdiiit-ba) Mil. nt.; bka bkyon-pa resp. to chastise with words, to scold, frq. (v. bka, phrases); ScJtr. mentions also bkyon-bkydl chiding. bkra-ba (Led-.: = f^, cf. also Krd-bo) 1. variegated. 2. beauti- ful, blooming (of complexion); glossy, well- fed (of animals); sa-bkrd n. of a cuta- neous disease. Comp. bkra-bzdii n. of a mountain in Tibet. bkra-lam-me v. Kra-lam-me. sis Ssk. fl^-H 1. happiness, prosperity, ing, Jbdiis-rnams-la bkra-sis sog happi- ness to my people! may they prosper! Glr.; *ndd-med fsdd-med fa-si pun-sum- fsog zu* I wish you good health and immeasurable and perfect happiness! (new year's wish in W.}; bkra-sis-kyi cu holy water Glr.; bkra-sis-kyi mdl-Kri nuptial bed Cs.; bkra sis-kyi fsiy or smon-lam blessing, benediction; *ta-si sia!* Good bye! May you be happy! *Ky6d-la fa-si co!* I wish you joy! (also ironically) W.; bkra-sis-si/t being happy, enjoying pros- perity Glr. ; bkra-sis sriu't-bai go-ca in- struments used for insuring happiness (to a new-born infant) Lt. 2. sacri- ficial ceremony by which blessings are to be drawn down, bkra-sis byed-pa or mcod-pa or *yoy-ce* (W., barley being scattered yyog-pa on that occasion), to perform this ceremony, bkra-sis-pa propitious, lucky, perh. also: happy; bkra- sis-pai Itas lucky signs; bkra-sis-pai rtags lucky configurations or semblances (such as e. g. devout imagination seeks to dis- cover in the outlines of mountains etc. Glr. fol. 58.) bkra-sis-ma n. of a goddess, Sch. : goddess of glory Dzl. bkra-mi- sfa misfortune, calamity, bkra-mi- sis-pa un- 15 jC^XJ" rkaii-pa happy; calamity, bkm-mi-sis-pa fams-cdd all manner of calamities. (The expression bkra-mi-sis c dat. for: 'Woe to . . . ' in our translation of the New Test, does not rest upon classic authority, but has been adopted as analogous to the above mentioned bkra-sis sog.) bkra-sis- cos-nho/l (*ta-si-co-dzon*) 'Tassisudon' in Bhot, bkra-sis-lhun-po (*ta-si-hlum-po*) 'Tashi- lunpo' in Tsari. bkrag 1 . brightness, lustre = milai'ix, also bkrag-mddns. e. g. of jewels. 2. beautiful appearance, colour, of the face or skin, also sa-bkrdg; sa bkrag-mdaits pure gloss of the skin Mil; bkrdg-can bright. />//</(/- cor without gloss, dim. bkrdb-pal. to select, choose; mcog- tu bkrab exquisite, choice Lex. 2 = Jcrdb-pa, skrdb-pa W. '^T bkrdm-pa v. ^grim-pa. bkrdl-la 1. pf. of ,grel-ba 6s., Tar. 124, 14. 2. to appoint, Ids-la to a business. bkrds-pa 1. Sch.: pf. of a verb bkrd-ba, adorned, decorated (?) 2. 6s.: bkras abbreviation for bkra-sis, bkras-btags for bkra-sis Ka-btags = Ka-btags. qm-rj- bkri-ba 1. for dkri-ba to wrap. - 2. for Jtrid-pa to conduct. 3. to try to acquire, to search for Dzl. yn to lay up, - *sri-ce* W. bkris abbrev. for bkra-sis. bkrts-pa for dkris-pa v. dkri-ba. -v> * 1. I" bkru, bkrus, v. Jtrud-pa. 1. prob. an incor- rect reading. 2. prov. instead of dkrug-pa, \. )a bkrug. qm^r-q- bkrcn-pa 1. 6s. poor, indigent, hungry, sai pyogs bkr. a poor, barren country Stg. 2. miserly, stingy 6'. qryj^-q- bh-As-pa vb. to be hungry; adj. hungry; sis*, hunger /*., 6'. where it is now used as the respectful term; bkres-skom hunger and thirst; bkres-skom- pa-las cog-par J)\jin-te leading after hunger and thirst to satiety; bkres-rt'iab-pa Sch.: to have a ravenous appetite. * bkroiis \. C gr6ns-pa. bkrol-ba v. ^rol-ba. * bklag-pa v. kldy-pa. js.' rka 1. a small furrow conveying water ' from a conduit (yiir-ba) to trees or plants; furrow between the beds of a garden; hence: 2. flower-bed. AP^- rkan (Ld. *skati, yau*) 1. marrow, rkan-mdr id.; rkdn-bro-ma tasting of marrow Sch.; rkdn-gi Kot't-nas bi/dms-pa love from the innermost heart Ttyy. 2. the upper part of the arm or thigh, or the large marrow-bones of them, dpuh- rkan, rld-rkan Mcd. 3. kernel of a nut etc. W. 4. = rkait-pa no. 5, stalk; also quill of a feather. 5. in compounds for rkdn-pa. rkan-pa (resp. zabs) 1. foot. 2. leg. 3 (cf. lag-pa) hind-foot. - 4. lower part, lower end, e. g. of a letter, rkan-pa-can 'having a foot', so the nine letters are called that extend below the line ( nj, p etc.) Ofr. - 5. *, lUlk, esp. leaf-stalk, lo-rkan. 6. verse, metrical line; fsig-rkdn, prop.: fsigs-su-bcad-pairkdh-pa,id., fsig-rkdn mfar nyis-sdd fob at the close of a verse a double shad is placed; hence: verse of the Bible Chr. Prot. -- 7. base, foundation, rdzu- prul-gyi rkdn-pa bzi Dzl. the four 'pillars' of performing miracles fol. 17. Comp. *kan-ky6g* bandy-legged 6'. - rkan-kri a piece of cloth to wrap round the legs (Lat.: tibiale) Sch. rkan- J' inn Lex. w. e., prob. having a foot contracted by disease rkan-Jldr bandy-legged Sch. rkan-mgyogs-pa nimble-footed, rkatl-mgyogs- kyi rdzas lham-la bijiigs-te oiling his boots with swiftfootedness, a miraculous oint- ment imparting this gift Glr., Tar. 67. rkan-<.gi'6 a vassal or subject paying his duty by serving as a messenger or 1(1 rkan '&T rko-ma porter 6s. rkan-,gros or -bros \. walk- ing on foot. 2. domestic cattle; breeding- cattle. - - rkafargyu Cs. : 'the hollow of the sole'. rkan-ycig-pa one -footed. rkan-rjcn bare-footed. rkan-rjes footstep, trace. rkan-ynyis-pa two-footed, a biped, po. for man, mankind. rkan-stegs foot- stool; trestle. rkaii-fun On foot, rkau- fdit-pa pedestrian, foot-soldier, rkait-fdn-du griil-ba (Sell, also: rkan-fdn-ba) to walk, to go on foot. rkan-mfil sole of the foot. rkan- f&n (erron. also -fun) Ssk. TjT<fTf 'drinking with the foot' po. for: tree Mil. rkan-dun trumpet made of a human thigh-bone (Hook. I 173). rkan-dr&g- pa, rkan-drug-ldan-pa six-footed: insect, po. - rkait-yditb foot-ring (ornament). - rkan- dren (v. also zabs-jdren) disgrace, rkaii cjdren-pa c. genit. to get a person into disgrace, to deprive him of his honour and good name, to be a disgrace to another, e. g. a son to his father by criminal actions etc. rkan-rdum a maimed foot; lame Cs. - - rkdn-snam trowsers, sndm-bui rkdn-snam ycig one pair of cloth- trowsers. rkan pags limit S. g. fol. 9? rkait-pyin felt for covering the legs, v. rkait-dkri. rkan~bol upper part of the foot. rkanjbdwi a disease in the foot, Sch. : gout. rkan-Jbros or bros v. rkati- t grds. rkaii-fsegs v. fsegs. rkan-mdzub-^dzcr- pa Sch. : corn (on the toe). rkan-mdzer iron pricks fastened to the feet for climb- ing mountains. rkaii-bzi-pa four-footed; quadruped. - - rkan-ldg hands and feet, r kait-lag bsdl-ba Lt, Schr.: 'numbness or rheumatic pain in hands and feet'; rkait- Idg ser-kar ^oii hands and feet chap Sch. rkan- turn foot-path, rkaii-siit treadle, of ti loom. - - rkatl-subs stocking, sock. rkait sot' toe. 7fr3T rkan v. dkan. r kdm-pa I. vb. to desire, to long, ndr- la for money. II. sbst. 1. longing (cf. fcam extr.) 2. v. skam-pa. yt-q- rku-ba, pf. (b)rkus, ft. brku, imp. ^ rkus, to Steal, to rob, bdu-bya to be stolen, brkii-byai rdzas things that may be stolen. ,._._.. rkiin-ma 1. thief frq. 2. theft, rk. bycdpa (W.: *co-ce*) to steal; *kim-ma zos son* W. it has been carried away by a thief; *Ica-kun gydb-ce* W. 'to steal with the mouth', to promise to pay without ever doing so, or: to deny having known a thing missing, until all inquiry has ceased and it may be safely appro- priated (a common practice of servants in India); dur-rkun robber of graves. - rkun-fabs-su blan-batoiake away thievishly Stg. rkun-nor stolen goods. rkun- po, fern, -mo thief. rkun-dpon the head of a gang of thieves or robbers Cs. - rkim-zla a thief's accomplice. *q. rkub (Lex. inj) 1. the anus 7?. - J 2. vulva W., G* 3. backside, poste- riors C. rkub-stcgs sitting-bench C. - rkub- f sos buttocks Cs. 7f|*q' rke-ba (cf. skempa) lean, meagre Cs. 5f|2r'T '''ked-pa, also skcd-pa, W.: *.s/vW- pa* 1. the waist, scit-gcs mcdns-sar was wicons rkcd-pa J!ag if the fox takes a lion's leap, he breaks his neck Mil.; *skyedkug tdn-ce* W. to bow; *s&r/-ztr* (?) the arms a-kimbo W.; more particularly that part where the girdle is worn, loins; rked-rgydn ornament of the girdle; rkcd- pa-nas gri bton he took a knife from his girdle Ptli. ; *k/-pa bhab* 'her waist fell', euphem. expression for: she has got her menses C. 2. the middle of a building, of a mountain, *Kar-skyed* W. the mid- dle story of a castle; rkcd-pa tsam brtsigs fsdr nas when the building was half finished Glr.; Ti-sei rkcd-pa-na yar bslcbs son he is already half-way up the Xi-se Mil. j^rj- rko-ba, pf. (b)rkos, ft. brko, imp. rkos 1. to dig, dig-out, to hoe, e. g. sa earth; rko-byed digger; po. also a spade, mattock; brko byai sa soil to be turned up. 2. to engrave (cf. Jbitr-ba); brko- spydd a gouge Sch.; brkds ma sculpture. 2^- rko-ma n. of a bird Wdri., prob. = ' ko-ma. 17 rkyen rkog-ma v. Ikog-ma. j^-'t- rkon-pa Cs.: itch, za-rkon id.; Z/.: rkon-po. Others describe it as a scabby eruption of the skin, chiefly affect- ing animals, but occasionally also men C. I' rkod-pa, = rko-ba Ts. jLj-^r rkon-pa, also skon-pa 1. basket; the word is said to be used in Kun.; perh. also the Ladakian word *kun-dum*, a large cylindrical or bottle-shaped basket, may be traced to the same form. I never found it in books. 2. net, fowler's net Lea. 'tyvffC-P**)* also 8 fyag(-pa), dirt, excrement; *kydg-pa ton-wa* C., *kydg tdit-ce* W. to cack, vulg. mig- skydg the impurity in the eyes 6s.; *na- skydg* ear-wax W. -. rkyan the wild ass or horse of Cen- * tral Asia, Chigitai, po-rkydii male, mo-rkyan female of it; rkyan ddr-ma a young wild ass, rkyan-rgan an old one, Cs. rkyan- cu n. of a lake in the south of Ld., in the neighbourhood of which these animals are particularly numerous. rKyan-pa simple, single; ras rkyan a single sheet of cotton cloth DzL, Mil.; *mi kyan* a single i. e. free, un- employed man, one that carries no burden C.; yi-ge rkydn-pa a letter that forms by itself a syllable, or one that is not brtsegs- pa and without any other consonant or a vowel-sign superscribed; rkydn-pai grans are called ], 10, 100 and the further powers of 10; min rkydn-pa a word that has no affix-denoting case etc. attached. *kyan, kyan-kydn, kydn-ka, Jca-(r)kydn*, col. (in B. sa-stag) only, nothing but, *pe- ca nags kdr-kyan dug* the book contains nothing but charms. *kyan-kydn* also: living by one's self, childless W. - *kyan-ltab* single folded. " rkydn-ba v. rkyon-ba. rkydn-ma n. of a vein, v. rtsa. yr-y- rkyan (Ld. *skyan*) 1. a brass- vessel J ' like a tea-pot, with a spout, rag- rkyan id.; *'o-kyan* W. milk-pot. 2. pot-belly, paunch Sch. rkydl-ka,j sometimes for kydl-ka. rkydl-pa, ^f?r, leather bag frq. ; w pun-yo mi-}'tsari-rdzds-kyi rkydl-pa a poetical term, for the body Mil.; rkyal- bu (*kyal-lu*) small bag, pouch; ra-rkydl bag of goatskin; pye-rkydl (*ce-kyal* C., *pe-ky* W.) bag for flour. rkydl-ba to Swim, *kyal gydb-ce* W. id.; rkyal rtsed-pa to amuse one's self by swimming. rkyen, n<nq Will: 'with Buddhists: a co-operating cause, the concurrent occasion of an event as distinguished from its proximate (or rather primary, original) cause', rgyu ^7T (The right meaning was given already by Schr., whereas after- wards, by a mistake of Cs., the totally erroneous sense of 'effect, consequence' has become current among philologists.) 1. cause, occasion, rkyen-gis c. gen. by, on account of, cii rkyen-gis whereby? dei rkyen-gyis thereby, therefore, dei rgyu dei rkyen-gyis id. As a medical term, opp. to rgyu (the anthropological or primary cause of a disease) it denotes the patho- logical or secondary cause of it. 2. event, occurrence, accident, case, circum- stance, in a general sense, in as far as the Buddhist conceives every thing that happens in the mutual connexion of cause and effect; rkyen nan-pa unfortunate ac- cident; rkyen ndn-pas O das he has perished by a fatal accident Glr. ; fse O dir byun- bai rkyen ndn-rnams the adversities of the present life Mil.; ran mi O ddd^pai rkyen an event disagreeable to one's own self; bio-bur rkyen a sudden accident Mil.; rkyen de-la b)'ten-nas owing to that cir- cumstance Tar. 8. 1. med-pai rky en-la bltds-te or brten-te C. considering the case of not being . . . , not having . . . , thus nad-kyi rkyen, ci-bai rkyen stands also for: a case of disease, of death; c gal- 18 *^" rkyoii-ba skd-ba rkyen any circumstance or event adverse to the success of an action, obstacle, hin- derance, any thing opposite or hostile to the existence of another thing, mfun-rkyen, a happy, favorable circumstance, furtherance, assistance, supply, mfun-rkyen bycd-pa c. genit. to assist in, to help to; mfun-rkyen O dzom-po altogether successful. 3. mis- fortune, ill luck, calamity, rkyen zlog-pa to avert a misfortune, fegs-pa to endure, fiib-pa to brave it Mil. cf. rgyu. ^..q. rkyo/t-ba pf. $ ft. brkyan, to stretch, extend, stretch forth (one's hand to a person), put out (the tongue), spread, distend (the wings, a curtain), zabs ynyis brkyan-bskum one leg stretched out, the other drawn in Pth.; *kyan-sdd-ce* W. to stretch one's limbs. brkyan-sin 1. 'extending-wood', an instrument of torture in Tibet, a wooden frame on which the extended arms and legs of the delinquent are fastened down, whilst burning pitch or sealing-wax is dropped on his naked breast, which procedure is called brkyan- sin sprdd-pa } brkyan-sin-la bciig-pa or brkydn-ba 2. CFOSS Chr. Prot. This word has been adopted on account of its ety- mological signification, although it differs in its form and use from the OTCCVQ/S of the N. T., which is unknown in Tibet and India. Additional explanation will be at any rate required on the part of missionaries; but much more so in the case of the Kro-ce (Ital. croce) of the Rom. Cath. missionaries of the last century. In favour of the word ysal-sin, pointed stake for empaling a delinquent, speaks the circumstance, that this is also the original and classical signification of OTUVQOS, and that Buddhists from their own legends are well acquainted with the idea of martyrdom inflicted in this manner. Still fsal-sin leads to a conception of the death of Christ historically untrue and revolting to our feelings and is therefore better not employed; moreover it is to be assumed that in the times of the Evangelists orav- Qfig was the term generally used for cross, whilst in the case of ^sal-sin no Tibetan thinks of anything else but empaling. 3Cr'3* rkyon-tse W., resp. *zim-kyon, zim- titi*, lamp,candle,(spelling uncertain). Ikugs-pal. dumb, mute; Ua Ikiigs- par byed-pa to put to silence Do.; Ikugs-pa-pa a dumb man, -ma woman Cs. 2. dull, stupid Sch. ojcn- Ikog secrecy, lkog-gi cun-ma Cs.: a ' wife kept secretly, a private con- cubine, lkog-tu in secrect, secretly frq.: lkog-tu gyur-pa, Ikyog-gyur, l|fl^, secret, hidden, out of sight Mil., Tar.; lkog-tu glen-ba to converse secretly; Ik. sdod-pa to keep in retirement. Ikog-man a re- ward given secretly, a bribe. Ikog-cos Sch.: 'a secret doctrine'; but Ikog-cos bycd- pa is gen. understood: to apply one's self to religious studies or exercises in secret. Ikog jab byed-pa to hide one's self in a lurking place: Ikog jab byed-nas Ita-ba to watch, to witness from a lurking-place. - Ikog-zdn zd-ba Sch. to take usury- interest in secret. Ikog-ldb backbiting, slander. Sprj' lkog-ma (vulg. *og-ma*) 1. gullet, oesophagus. 2. wind-pipe. 3. throat 4. neck. Ikog-mai lha-gon Sch., (ace. to others: lliar-gor) the larynx, *Koi lkog-ma* or *og-ma sran son* W. his throat is swollen, he has the croup. - Ikog-dkdr a small nocturnal carnivorous quadruped with a white throat, marten? Ikog-gdgs hoarseness of voice Cs. Ikog-sdl dew-lap (of oxen). Ikog-sog craw, maw (of birds) Cs. ^T Ikob fat, heavy, plump Sch. \^* Ikol-mdiid, also 'ol-mdud, larynx. ska-cig v. skad cig, skad no. 4. ska-cog n. of a grammarian Zam. skd-ba thick (of fluids, cf. sld-ba); stca-sldd (Ld.: *kas-ldd*) consistence, density. W.: *skdn-te*. nf^flpj" ska-rags ska-rags B. fy C., also ske-rdgs, W. *kye-rdgs* , resp. sku-rdgs girdle, ska-rags O cin-ba to put on the girdle, ska-rags bmr-ba Sch.: a girdle with a clasp (?). skag 1. Cs.: = kag, keg, mischief; unlucky. 2. v. rgyu-skar. skdn-ba = skon-ba; skan-yso 1. sa- tisfaction Sch. 2. a kind of ex- piatory sacrifice, to make amends for a duty not performed. skan-sa Sch.: sods cut out. Mr- skad (C.: *ka*) 1. voice, sound, cry ' (cf. sgra), gldn-po-cei skad Ita-bui sgra a sound like the voice of an elephant, *ka- la cig-pa dhon mi-cig-pa* C. (words) equal as to sound, but of different sense (= ho- mophone), sdug-bsndl-bai skad O byin-pa, snyin-zei skad don-pa to utter lamentable cries; skad ster-ba Sch., *ke' gydg-pa* C., *skad tdn-ce* W. to sound; *ke' tan-wa* C. *skad gyab-ce* W. ccdp. to call to a person; skad mfun-par with one voice, with one accord. 2. speech, words, talk, news, *ka ci nan c dug* what is your pleasure? what did you say, Sir? C.; zer-ba de ci-skad yin the (words) spoken what speech are they? = what do they mean? Pth.; c di-skad-(du) in, these words, thus, (before a literally quoted speech), de-skad-(ces) id. (after it); it is also used in a more general sense instead of de- Itar: de-skad ma byed don't do that Mil.', skad smrd-ba to give account, to relate Ld.-Glr. fol. 12. b. SchL, ace. to another reading instead of sra smrds-te; skad byed- pa id., rmi-ldm-du byim-ba skad byds-te reporting it as having been revealed to him by a dream Pth. 3. language, bod- skad the Tibetan language, rgya-gdr-skad the Sanskrit language, bod-skad-du, col. -la, into or in the Tib. language, yiil- skad-du into or in the provincial dialect. - 4. a snap with the fingers, always with cig: skdd-cig-(ma), gen. as a measure of time: a moment; also adv.: for a mo- ment, skdd-cig-la in a moment, instantly, in one moment, skdd-cig de-nyid-la in the very same moment. (Some mathematical books compute the skdd-cig = 3 li", others as long as Vs")- Comp. and Deriv. skad- c gdgs hoarseness of the voice, Cs. skad-ndnl. a bad voice. 2. cry, screaming. skdd-can having a voice, sounding. -- skdd-ca 1. C.: dis- course, conversation, *ka'-ca Idb^pa* or *)he'-pa* to converse, to have a chat. 2. C. talk, rumour, *mii kd'-ca re* it is (but) talk of the people. 3. W.: news, tidings, intelligence. -- skad-&, -cen 1. a loud voice Sch. 2. n. of an animal Lt skad- ynyd Sch.: a high voice. skad-snydn sgyur-ba Mil. to sing or whistle in a quavering, warbling manner, of birds, flute- players etc., c gyur-skad a singing or playing of this kind. skad-dod an equivalent word, cun-mai sk. another word for wife Gramm. skdd-pa v. the se- parate article below. skad- dzer Cs. = skad- c gdgs. skad-bzdn 1. a good voice. 2. W.: good news. -- skad-lugs dialect. skad-log clamour, screaming. skad- ysdns mfo Sch.: a loud voice, skad-ysdn nyams-cun <$yur the voice is getting weak Wdn. S^* skad ladder, v. skds-ka. skdd-pa I. vb. 1. to say, tell, relate, zih-Kdms sig yod-do skdd-par fos that a land (of bliss) exists I heard say Mil.; more frq. at the end of a sentence skdd-do or skad for : it is said (= dicitur), grags skad id. Mil. -- 2. to name, call, skdd-pa partic. = byd-ba named, called. 3. Ld.: *skdd-ce, %dd-ce* to measure, take measure. II. sbs. interpreter; language- master, teacher. ._.pv skdn-te, W. instead of skd-ba thick, ? turbid. __. skabs 1. time, opportunity, case, Circumstances ; mfon-(bai) skabs op- portunity of seeing , skabs rnyed-pa to find an opportunity, skdbs-su or skabs-skdbs-su now and then, under certain circumstances, 20 skam * skdr-ma skdbs-su or skabs with genit. at the time of, on occasion of, during, while, when; de-ka skdb-su in a moment, instantly, skabs O dir now, here, in this case, in this place (of a book etc.) frq., skabs re once, for a time, *skabs-toa* Ld. (col) now, bdr-skabs interval, interlapse of time Tar.; di'ts-skabs, fse-skabs, ynds-skabs, time, state, situation, skabs dan sbydr-ba, dus-skabs dan bstun-pa fit for, adapted, suited to the oc- casion. 2. Cs. 'mode, method', or perh. rather, way, manner; so the word seems to be used in Wdn.: Idum-bui skabs la- pug dan skye-lugs O drd-bar the manner (nature) of the plant being similar to that of a radish as to growth. 3. section, chapter (cf. ytam no. 3), so esp.in Tar.; skabs bcu the ten sections of Buddhistical theology, also: one that has absolved them. S5J* skam v. skdm-pa and -po. yjsrgr skam-pa I. vb. 1. = rkdm-pa to long for. 2. = skem-pa (bskam- pa). II. sbst. 1. = rkdm-pa longing, 2. a pair Of tongs; skam-cun small tongs, pincers; also several other instruments of a similar shape. III. adj., com. skdm- po dry, skam-rlon 1. dry and wet 2. dryness in a relative sense, *skam-si* Ld. very lean (like a mummy), skdm-sa the dry land, the shore, skam id., skdm-sar pyin-pa, skam-la sleb-pa to get ashore, skam-lam journey by land Wts.; *skam- san* Ld. meat perfectly dried. p. skar; this and the compounds skar- ka and skar-fsad v. under ska-ba; skar-kun etc. under skar-ma. n' skar-ba Cs.: 'a penning of cattle, assortment, separation, to pen, to fold, to separate'. But as these significations seem to belong to the spelling bkar-ba and dgar-ba, it will be safer to confine the verb skar-ba, pf. bskar, imp. skor, to the following, 1. to hang up, *skar-tan- ce, car-la skdr-ce id. Ld. (e. g. clothes). 2. to weigh, and *skar* weight, *gau nul gui skar* a little box weighing 9 rupees (about 4 ounces); *skdr-ka or -Ka* weight; *skar-fsdd* measure, scale. W., C. - 3. *skar-tdg tdti-ce* to inquire rigor- ously; to restrict, to bind down, to flog; *skar-lcdg* a rigorous inquiring, a flogging W., also 6'. star, nyi zla yza skar sun, moon, planets and stars; sometimes it is used generally: *skar-cen* a very large, un- commonly bright star, esp. Venus when appearing as evening- or morning-star; nyin-moi skdr-ma a star seen in the day- time (a thing of very rare occurrence). - 2. constellation, asterism; btsas-skdr constellation of nativity Med; yyah-skdr propitious constellation (such are the nak- satras no. ^ to /^, v. rgyu-skdr}. Comp, skdr-Kuti (the same word as dkar-Kun, but of a different etymology) win- dow. skar-Kons Cs.: 'the angular dis- tance between two stars or planets' (?) skar-lnd a weight ('5 points' on the steelyard for gold) = 1 zo or Y 2 o ounce; as money = l / 3 rupee. skar-cu 'star- water'; bathing under the constellation skdr-ma rib-ci (prob. rewati, the 28th naksatra, is meant) in October is con- sidered beneficial for every kind of com- plaint, because Sans-i*gyds smdn-pai rgydl- po (quasi 'Buddha Aesculapius', to whom the origin of the medical science is ascribed by Tibetan Buddhists), bathed in that season, and therefore Tibetans, though not particularly fond of washing and bath- ing in general, are said to follow this ex- ample pretty frequetnly. skar-mdd (Cs. : 'ignis fatuus'?J a shooting star, ltu/t or sa-la dril is coming down, O pans Mil. id. skar-dpydd, -rtsi's astrology. skar- prdn a small star. skar-fsoys the starry host. skar- dzin 'star-catching', mak- ing one's self sure of a propitious constel- lation, e. g. for an intended journey, by a sham departure, conveying luggage or goods to the next village etc., but then -21 skdl-ba interrupting and postponing it to a more convenient time. " skdl-ba Ssk. ff7f, resp. sku-skdl 1. portion, share; bgo-skdl allotted portion; zas-skdl portion of food, ration; ran-skdl personal share ; nor-skdl or syal- norGlr. hereditary portion, inheritance; skdl- ba ma cdd-par without being shortened of his portion Mil.; ma mfoit-ba skdl-ba ma mcis- pa Q dra it does not seem to fall to my lot to see my mother. skal-cdd dried up, withered Sch. (?) 2. in a special sense: the portion of good or bad fortune that falls to a man's lot, as a consequence of his former actions, lot, fate, destiny, a. rela- tively: skdl-ba bzdit-po, nan-pa good, bad fortune; fse O dii grogs-s' dl the matrimonial share of the present life, the connubial fate for which a person is predestinated Glr. ("The Buddhist priests pretend to be able to calculate the skdl-ba of any one after his death ) b. in a positive and good sense, denoting either prosperity and blessing as a consequence of good actions, or those actions themselves as being pious and meritorious, so that skal- Iddn means happy, blessed as well as pious, devout, and skal-med unhappy, irreligious, impious, skal-lddn are all those who have devoted themselves to virtue and treasured up more or less good works, and who may expect to be promoted in proportion. The term worthy, therefore, though not quite correct as to the word itself, is still very appropriate as it regards the subject; even venerable, holy may be applied oc- casionally, cf. *\i\3<\ and ajTr^T^. Also some single blessing or spiritual gift may be meant by skdl-ba and so the Ommani- padmehum is called the cos-skdl, 'the re- ligious treasure', of Tibet Glr. skds-ka B., C., skds-Ka, skds-pa C., skrds-ka (pronounced *te-ka C., srds-ka, si'(j-ka W.), even skas, skad lad- der, generally consisting of the notched trunk of a tree; rkydn-skad C. 'single lad- der', the same, compared with two or three of them joined together, to make a sku sort of staircase with broader steps; *do- 1d < '., do-srds, do-srv* W. a flight of stone- steps; *gya-srds, gya-sre W., gya-ke'* C. (Schr.) a regular staircase as in European houses; gru-skds Glr. prob.: flight of steps at the corner of a building ; gro-skad Glr. fol. 7 appeared to be unknown to those that were consulted; skas-kyi rim-pa Cs. steps; *sra-ldaii, sral-dd/i* W. spokes of a lad- der; skas t gram Cs. the two side-pieces of a staircase or ladder; skas O dzug-pa to apply a ladder Schr., Cs. ^j sku, Ssk. ^rra, sometimes ijf^ 1. also >o sku-lus, sku-yzugs, resp. for lus: body; by being prefixed to the names of parts of the body and even of everything that has reference to the bodily existence of a person, it imparts to them the charac- ter of respectful terms: sku-stod, -smad the upper, lower, part of the body; sku-sa flesh; sku-mfsdl (for sku-Krag) blood 6s.; sku-mdog colour of the skin, sku-nd age; sku-fse lifetime, life; sku-k'dms state of health; sku-skdl portion, share, sku-cds goods, stores Mil., sku-bsod virtue, happiness Tar.; sku-skyes a present (given to or re- ceived from a respected personage); sku- O bdg image, statue Glr. ; sku-mdun-pa (C. : *kun-dum-pa*) or -dnin-pa attendant of a man of rank; *ku-jar-wa* ('adherent', v. O byar-ba) id. C.; sku-nye Sch. relation, kinsman; sku-ysegs-ya dying, death (of a king etc.) Glr.; sku-bstod praise Sch.; sku- soys (ace. to 6s. instead of sku ysogs 'the side' = your presence) a title of honour, when we should say: your or his honour, your or his worship, in W. only for cle- rical dignitaries, in 6'. also for other per- sons of rank. Even buildings (monasteries etc.) are honoured by these respectful ex- pressions: sku-dkar ysol-ba to 'administer' whitewash. 2. in a special sense: the person of Buddha, whom philosophers re- present in three forms of existence called sku-ysum f^TRl, viz. : cos-kyi sku, vjf 3iTSr, lotis-spyod-kyi sku jjajtaicfclij and ,<<}>n't/-}><u' sku f^roTTir^fiT^- These three 'persons', however, have as little as dkon-mcog-j'sum 22 3)8** any thing in common with the Christian Trinity, nor even with the Indian Tri- miirtti, for the first state, the 'body of law', the absolute body, is Buddha in the Nirvana, the so-called first world of ab- stract existence i. e. non-existence, which is the ultimate aim and end of every ex- istence and the ideal aspired to by every believing Buddhist; the second state, the 'body of happiness or glory' is Buddha in the perfection of a conscious and active life of bliss in the second world (heaven or Elysium), which state however is inferior to the first; the third, the 'body of transfor- mation and incarnation', is Buddha in the third or visible world, as man on earth. Notwithstanding the altogether abstract character of cos-ska, as a philosophical con- ception, Buddhistic fancy is pleased to re- present it as a visible image of Buddha, shining in the colours of the rainbow, or at least as abrilliant apparition of light, though impalpable and unapproachable; and this is not only a notion of the vulgar, but is acknowledged also in literature. More recent speculators have even added a no- bo-nyid-kyi ska superior to the three, viz. that which is eternal in the essence of a Buddha, even cos-sku, the absolute body, being described by these philosophers as transient. The unintelligible passage in Cs.'s dictionary, p. 305 b. might be cor- rected thus: 'adding to the former three as a fourth' etc. To this signification belong the compounds sku-i'im, resp. for rim- c gro reverence, respect, particularly in the special sense of a solemn sacrificial ceremony, performed on public and private occassions, e.g. in cases of disease; sku- rim byed-pa to perform such a ceremony. - sku-rten, sku-fsdb, ska-yzugs, sku- c drd (W. *kun-dd*) image of Buddha etc. - 3. image, statue, of Buddha or other holy persons, yser-sku a gold image, rdo-sku a stone image, c )im-sku an image of clay, brts- sku a painted image, Jbur-sku a basso-relievo, rkos-sku an engraved, bliigs- or Idugs-sku a molten, fdgs-sku a woven image 6s. sku- bi(m 'mausoleum' or ace. to another etymology 'the 100000 images', n. of the famous monastery Kumbiim east of the Kokonor (v. Travels of Hue and Gabet). sku ysun fugs 1. (cf. sku no. 1) resp. f. lus nag yid the three spheres of a man's doings or sufferings, works, words and thoughts. 2. the rtc-n j'sum, the three representations of Buddha: the image of his person, the books containing his doc- trine, the pyramid (mcod-rten) as the symbol of his grace. sku-liia-rgydl-po five deities of degenerated Buddhism Schl. 157. - sku-ru a paddle-wheel, without a rim; such are the water-wheels of all the mills in the Himalaya sku-ru-Ka the figure of a cross -f X. The latter is common in books as an abbreviation like our 'etc.', to save the repeated writing at full length of the same sentence, as refrains etc. skugs the stake in a game or wager received by the winner. skugs- sto/t Sch, id.? ffjr-n- skun-ba pf. bskuns, ft. bskun 1. to hide in the ground. 2. to bury, to inter. 3. to tie in a doubled or twisted position, e. g. a corpse before it is burnt, to cord on all sides. bskuns-sa lurking- place, hiding-place Mil. S^* skud sbst. v. skud-pa. Ns 2ur-j- skiid-pa L sbst. thread, yarn; wire; xJ ' skud-pa ycod-pa to cut off the thread, also fig. Cs. to divorce; ras-skiid cotton thread, Icags-skud iron wire; fson-skud co- loured thread; skud-ro the thread-ends of a seam; ski(d-bris-mKan an embroiderer. II. vb. pf. bskus, ft. bsku, imp. skits, col. ku-wa C. *sku-ce* W. to smear *td- gir-la mar sku-ce* to butter the bread W., *di-la ndg-po ma ska* don't make that dirty W.; to besmear, to daub snyih-po(-la) &num-gyis a wick with grease Dzl.; sgo- la rtsi to paint a door; spos-kyis skud-pa to anoint; skud ointment, *sra-skiul* po- matum W. skud-po - skd-la 'Sf s kud-po 1. brother-in-law Cs. 2. father-in-law. skun-bu = kon-bu Lex. skum-pa pf. bskums, ft. bskum, imp. skum(s) to contract, to draw in, e.g. the leg. *kwr-pa') also skur-kldn, skur-ziis ab- use, occasionally blasphemy; skur- O debs-pa, byed-pa, smra-ba to abuse, viz.: persons to whom respect is due, esp. holy men or things, e.g. O pdgs-pa-la the ve- nerable Dzl.; dkon-mcog ysum mi bden-par Itd-zin skiir-pa Q debspa to blaspheme by denying the 'Three Most Precious' Thyy. sgro-skur v. sgro. skid'-ba I. pf. skur, at the end of a sentence skur-ro, sometimes for sktrr-pa O debs-pa Mil. II. pf. ft. fy imp. bskur, pf. at the end of a sentence bskur-to 1. to send, to trans- mit, e.g. news, objects, also an army, but not a messenger; mditn-du skur-ba to send on in advance, to have carried be- fore, e.g. a banner; skur ynan mdzdd- pa resp.: to be pleased to send. 2. to give, hand over, deliver, consign, give in charge, commit, e. g. an army to a general; dban skur-ba to invest with power, to authorize, )i dgd-bar gyid-du dban skur cig give me power, permission, to do what I like Dzl.; rgydl-por dban skurba to authorize somebody to be a ruler, to ap- point, create, designate as king. The ceremony observed in such a case is a kind of anointing or baptism, pouring holy water on the crown of the head, spyi-bo- nas dban skur-ba, and as supernatural powers are supposed to be active during this process, dban skur-ba means also: to bless, consecrate, endow with miraculous power; esp. four mystical powers of me- ditation are imparted in this way. SftJ'O" s k u l~b a Pf- bskulj at the end of a sentence bskul-to, Ssk. ^tf*, to ex- hort, admonish, enjoin, mi zig las byed-par a person to do a thing; to appoint, mi zig Ids-la, in the same sense; to impose, mi zig-la las, work on somebody, perh. a mere provincialism; dei fsig-gis bskul- nas induced by his words; rndm-ses las dan nyon-mons-kyis bskul-nas the (departed) soul urged on, influenced, driven, by its former works and sins S. g.; lha-srin mcod skul kyan though I tried to deter- mine, to bring round, the gods and the evil spirits by sacrifices Pth.; glin sogs drdg- tu skul-sin flutes and other (instruments) calling, resounding, fortissimo and so ani- mating the actors; *yid skul-ce* W. to remind, admonish; *san* (for yean) *skul- ce* to rouse by shaking. bskul-ba and more frq. bskul-ma exhortation, admonition; bskul-ma O debs-pa, C. also skul-rgyag-pa, skul-cdg byed-pa Mil. nt. to admonish, 6X- hort. *skul-Kan W. overseer. JM- ske, vulg. skye, seld. skya, neck, throat, ^ frq.; neck of a bottle Cs. ; *skye tsir tdn-ce, *kyig-ce, sddm-ce* W. to choke, strangle, *skye-la fdg-pa tdg-na sdd-ce* id.; ske f -cod-pa, ytub-pa, Jbreg-pa to behead, slaughter; sker O fdm-pa to seize by the throat, to worry Sch.; sker dogs-pa to tie round the neck e. g. an amulet; ske-Jcor necklace Schr. ; ske-cd ornament for the neck, necklace Mil.; ske-ston Med., Sch.: cavity of the throat; ske-rmd Sch.: a wound of the throat, a jugular gland that has opened. ske-fse Wdn., Ssk. <jfaeM Sinapis ramosa, black mustard; mustard seed, a grain of m. s. skeg-fsos paint, rouge (for the face) Sch. rjS"^J" sked-pa v. rked-pa. skem-pa I. vb. pf. bskams, ft. bskam, imp. skom(s) to make dry, lean, meagre; to dry up; exsiccate. if, adj., also -skem-po, dry, dried up; meagre. skem-byed a demon that causes drought Lt. skem-ndd Bhar. consumption. sko-ba, pf. (b)skos, ft. bsko, imp. skos 1. to appoint, nominate, com- mission, charge a person, Ids-su with a work Dzl., much more freq.: rgydl-por, 24 sko-tse clpon-du to be king, chief; rgydl-sar sko- ba to raise to the throne; ma bskos-sin without mandate, unbidden Glr. 2. Ids- la bskos-pa destined to the works i. e. destined to a man in consequence of his works; ned-kyi las-bskos my destiny, fate, lot Mil. Note. The signification: to elect, to choose (Cs., Sch.) cannot be proved and was expressly denied by Tibetans. fff^r sko-tse 1. a kind of wild onion Cs. - 2. a mixture of the leaves of several kinds of leek, pounded, formed into balls and dried; when used, a small portion is broken off, fried in butter and then added to the food. This spice forms a lucrative article of commerce and is exported from Ld. to Cashmere and from Lh. to India. skog-pa v. kog-pa. fS' skon v. under kon. zyr'n* skon-ba pf. bskans, ft. bskan, imp. skon(s) 1. to fulfil, e. g. a hope, a vow etc., *nyin* the desire W.; k'a skon- ba to fill up what is open, to make up a deficiency Zam., also dgebai Jca-skon to fulfil perfectly the laws of virtue, / r a- skoii, Jca-bskdns, Kas-skofi 1. appendix, sup- plement, fsdm-du Jca-skdn-du bsad will be said, described, below in the appendix Wdn. 2. By Tibetan copyists of books a short prayer is called so, consisting of a stanza of 4 verses, which they are ac- customed to write down or recite after having finished the copy of a work, in order to make amends for the mistakes they may have committed. fugs-dam bskan-rdzds a certain ceremony v. Schl. 260. 2. v. dpa. ?w*T" skon-pa I. sbst. v. rkon-pa. II. vb.pf.fyft.bskonio dress, to clothe another person (reap, fsol-ba). skobs = skabs Schr., Sch. skom 1. thirst, skom-gyis jdum-pa tor- mented by thirst Dzl. - - 2. resp. zal-skom, drink; zas (dan) skom food and drink. 3. i.o. skam the dry land Glr., provinc. skom-pa 1. to thirst, to be thirsty. 2. the thirst. 3. thirsty, skom-pa-dag ni skom-pa dan brdl-bar c gyur the thirsty will get rid of their thirst S. 0. skom- ddd (dad-pa = o dod-pa) thirst Med. skom-fsdd burning thirst Mil. -- *skom-ri* thirst W. jyi- skor (cf. kor) 1. circle, mig-skor eye- ball W. ; sba-skor hoop of bamboo Schr. 2. appurtenances, yi-ge O bri-bai skor writing utensils, fdb-kyi skor every- thing that belongs to the fire-place C. (perh. provinc.) 3. section, division, e. g. of a book, similar to leu, chapter Mil., Tar. 4. repetition, skor lddb-pa to re- peat Schr. 5. theme, Subject, gan skor- la O bri O dug what is the subject of this writing? Answer: rtai skor-la a horse C.; de skor-la on that account, therefore Ld. 6. skor, skdr-zas food presented to La- mas; laymen are deterred from laying their hands on it by the mysteriously menacing verse : skor-zas zd-la Icag-gi ^gram-pa dgos he that eats Lama's food, wants iron jaws. 7. v. skor-ba no. II. |&-;q- skor-ba I. vb. pf. fy ft. bskor 1. to surround, encircle, enclose, besiege cca fy d.; also of inanimate objects: de-la skor-bai ri the mountains surrounding it Glr. ; ri nc'igs-kyis bskdr-ba Sambh. a mountain surrounded by a forest. 2. to go, move, ride round a thing; esp. the reverential ce- remony of H'rff^jTJT transferred from Brah- manism to Buddhism, which consists in going round a holy object with one's right side turned towards it one of the most meritorious and indispensible religious duties in the eyes of a Buddhist; cos- skor-la byon they walked round in the religious direction, i. e. according to the precepts of Buddhism, bon-skor-du son in the Bon manner, i.e. the opposite di- rection Mil.; pyag dan skor-ba byed-pa, as a specification of religious duties: to make salutations and circumambulations. 25 skol-ba 3. to wander through, traverse, rgydl-Jcdms, the countries, M/. -- 4. to return, go home Sch. 5. to turn round, twist, mii ltdg-pa a man's neck, i.e. to choke, to strangle him Glr. Phrases: mgo skor-ba, mgo skor byed- pa (W. *co-ce*) to befool, delude, deceive a person, by intoxication or flattery Glr., also by a flood of words. *fca kor-wa C., kor-ce* W. to make one alter his sen- timents, to divert one from a plan etc. *lan* or *dugs skor-ce* to take ven- geance W. - *si kor-ce (v. rtsis) W. to count, calculate. fsogs-kyi Korlo skor-ba to arrange the objects of the mandal (q.v.) in a circle n.f. skor log-pa, skor log- la c grd-ba to go round the wrong way Mil.; *pe-ra kor^e-log tdn-ce* to talk fool- ishly, to twaddle W. *lag kor-ce* the putting a seal under a document which is done by several persons one after an- other W. Comp. skor-Kan Glr., prob. = skor- lam. skor-rgyugs turning the enemy, getting into his rear Mil. skor-mJcan, skor-pa a turner 6s. skor-spydd, skor- sin a turner's lathe Cs. skor-fig a pair Of compasses. skor-dbyug a sling, for throwing Sch. skor-ldm 1. the pathway round-about a monastery, used for the holy processions. 2. a veranda surround- ing a house. 3. col. also: round-about way. II. 1. the going, moving round, en- circling etc. 2. the way round a thing, = skor-ldm, in the compounds: ndn-skor the inner, bdr-skor the middle, pyi-skor the outer roundway, p'yi-skor cen-po the outermost. sd-skor round-about way, by-way. gjflj-q- skol-ba pf. & ft. bskol to boil (vb. act., cf. Jiol-ba). skos-pa 1. \.sko-ba. 2. Sch.: 'to order', but this is sgo-ba. fskya 1. oar C., Thgy.; skya-Ub id.; skya-mjug rudder; sky a rgydb-pa to TOW Schr. 2. spatula Schr. 3. pot-ladle, C. 4. wall of stone or clay, bdr-skya, skydg-pa partition-wall, *bhdr-kya ca'-pa* to make a partition-wall C. 2u-m' skyd-ka, skyd-ga Lt., n. of a bird, ' 6s.: magpie. skyd-ba I. vb. 1. pf. bskyas, ft. bskya 1. Lex.: = O p6-ba to change place, cf. skyas. 2. to carry, convey to a place (a quantity of stones, wood, water etc.) W., v. skyed-pa. 3. Sch. to swim (?) II. sbst. 1. kettle Sch. 2. prob. = sky a 1. skya-bo,Ssk. TTTT^*?: and q[u^, whitish gray, yellowish-white; *skya cdg-ce to fry or toast a thing so that its whitish colour turns partially into brown Ld.; mi skya one clothed in light-gray, (not in red or yellow, as monks are), a lay- man; sno-skya light-blue, l)an-skyd light- green, and so of the other colours; there- fore ser-skya ought to denote light-yellow, but it is also used as an equivalent of etifijH- n. of a saint, (Ser-skyai- c gron = Kapilavastu, an ancient city in Oude, and Buddha's birth-place); originally: 'monkey- coloured', tawny, Ito-skyd 'pale' i. e. poor, insipid, miserable food Mil.nt. Comp. *kya-ko-re, kya-fe-re* pale, white 6'. skya-skyd id. Sch. skya-ndr, TjTCf^l n. of a flower, Bignonia graveolens; Skya-ndr-gyi-bu n. of a city of Old-India Pataliputra, now Patna. skya-sndr ace. to Stg. the colour of the skin of the Indians, brown. skya-rbdb Cs. : a kind of dropsy, Sch. : a grayish oedematic swelling; skya- rbab-skrdns Lex. - *skya-mdr* fresh (i. e. not melted) butter W. *skya '6d* W., skya-rens morning -twilight, dawn. skya- Idm skyd-bo Thgy., C. -- skya-sen 1. n. of a tree. 2. translation of Pandu, skya-sen-gi bu a Pandava. skya-ser 1. Sch.: tawny, cf. ser-skya. 2. 'white and yellow' viz.: men, lay -men and priests Mil.nt. skyd-ru^ra n. of a drug Med. skydg-pa 1. = rkydg-pa. - 2. pf. bskyags, ft. bskyag, imp. skyog to 26 skyan-nul spend, lay out, expend; skyag-sgo expenditure, skyag-to account of expenses. 3. W.: *skyag tdn-ce* to slaughter, to murder. skyan-nid pavement, clay-floor, mud- floor Lex., Cs.; skan-nid byed-pa to pave, to plaster (Sch. also; to rub, polish). ._-.. skyabs (cf. skyob-pa) Ssk. lif^TJf pro- tection, defence, help, assistance; me- cu-la skyabs is a protection against water and fire; skyabs med-do I am (or: he is etc.) lost! skyabs byed-pa, skydbs-su f gyur- ba ccgp. to protect, help, save a person, frq. with srog-gi added; skydbs-su ^gro-ba eleg. mciba, W.: *skyab col-la yofi-ce* to seek help, miior mi-la of some body, skyabs- c gros 1. the seeking of help, ^TJF V1*H 2. the formula Sans-rgyds-kyi skyabs-su mcio, cos-kyi sky. mcio, dge- diin-gyi sky. mcio, the Buddhistic creed or confession of faith. Comp. skyabs-mgon helper, protector, deliverer; this is applied to certain highly esteemed and respected persons, mytho- logical as well as living, ni f.; Chr. Pr. use it for Saviour, Redeemer, Christ. skyabs- gros \. above. skyabs-ynds 1. place of refuge, shelter; also of persons, = helper, frq ; mi-la skyabs-ynds byed-pa Mil. to take refuge to a person, to seek his assistance. 2. seld. for skydbs-su fnds-pa client, nd-yi skydbs-fnas po-mo-mams all my clients, men and women Glr. skyabs- sbyin a gesture of the right hand, like that for giving benediction Glr. skyabs-yul s-ynds. 1 . skydr-gog naked Pur. *R'f s fy dr -P Sch.: snipe, wood -cock; skyar-cun Sch. : 'a large snipe' (??) ; skydr-mo Sch. heron; skyar-leb Sch. spoon- bill; cu-skyar Cs. duck, Sch.: bittern, but the cfcl^Jef of the Lex., 'a kind of goose' speaks in favour of Cs. skydr-ba v. skyor-ba. ^U * a changing of abode; skyas O debs- pa to change one's dwelling-place f. skya-ba), skyas cen-ypo O debs-pa to die '^T skyin-pa ^^J"^' skyds-ma 1. v. skyes. 2. Sik.: fern. ^- skyi Cs.: the outward side of a skin ^ or hide (opp. to so); skyi yyd-ba to shiver, tremble with fear Cs. Comp.: skyi- dkdr Cs. dressed leather; hide. skyi- Ipdgs Sell.: chamois, wash-leather. skyi- bun Mil.? skyi-bun prob. an itching of the skin Mil.? skyi-sd 1. outward and inward side of a hide. 2. Sch.: the anus. $i*n* s kyi-ba I. sbst. 1. a medicinal plant ^ Med. 2. also *kyi-u, pi-lin kyi-u* potato C. II. vb. pf. bskyis, ft. bskyi, imp. skyis to borrow, esp. money or goods fcf. yydr-ba and skyin-pa). skyig-pa to hickup; skyig-bu the hickup Med. "^|^* skyin-ser Mil., eagle, vulture. gjr-rr skyid-pa vb., sbst., adj.: to be happy, happiness (Ssk. ^KrgrX happy; skyid- do (I, thou etc.) am, art etc. happy; bde- zih skyid-la being happy and glad; skyid- pai nyi-ma sun of felicity, propitious day Glr.; skyid-po = skyid-pa adj., frq., skyid- de-ba id. Tar. 5, 19. Comp. skyid-glu song of joy. skyid- mgo beginning of happiness Mil. skyid- sdiig good and ill luck, happiness and misery; skyid sdug ji byun kyan whatever may happen Glr.; skyid sdug bsre-ba to share pleasure and pain. skyid-cu n. of the tributary of the Ya-ru-tsan-po, on which Lhasa is situated. skyin wild mountain goat, Capra ibex. * skyin-gor lizard Lex., = da-byid. skyin-fdn Sch.: hail, sleet. W. *skyin-po*, resp. kar- skyin a loan, a thing borrowed; money advanced without interest; skyin- pa skyi-ba to ask a loan; nd-la c di skyin- du O fsal he asked me to lend him this Dzl. ; skyin-pa len-pa Cs. to take on cre- dit ; skyin-pa sprod-pa, <$al-ba to pay back or return a loan Cs.; nor-skyin a loan of 27 skyibs goods or money, gos-skyin of clothes. - skyin-mi Schr. debtor. skyin-fsdb C.: the pledge for a loan; ace. to others, how- ever, it just means the object lent or its equivalent when being returned. tyjnw* skyibs everything giving shelter from above, an overhanging rock, a roof etc.: *car skyib* shelter from rain; * dag- sky ib* under apa-bon q. v. (gyam is much larger, pug-pa deeper) W.; bka-sky. HVJH? a covered terrace or small portico before a house. Stej-q- skyil-ba, pf. & ft. bskyil 1. to bend, esp. the legs when sitting on the ground after Oriental fashion, also an- other's leg by a kick from behind; to bend the bow. 2. to pen up, shut up, cattle, to dam up, a river, also: cu rdzi'n-du skyil-ba to collect water into a pond Glr., or rdzm-bu sky. ; to dam up a pond (but not 'to dig it' Schr.); to keep back, retain, detain a person W.; *Ica kyil-ce* to keep a person from doing something, to dis- suade from W. skyil-krwi, also skyil- mo-krun, the posture of sitting cross-leg- ged, skyil-krun byed-pa (resp. mdzdd-pa), skyil-mo-krun-gis (or du) ^dug-pa (resp. bzugs-pa) to assume such a posture; sems- dpai skyil-krun the usual manner of sitting, in which the feet are not seen, rdo-rjei sky. the posture in which the soles of the feet are seen turned upwards, rdzogs-pai sky. another posture requiring particular practice. (The spelling dkyil-krun, though frequent, is expressly rejected by gram- marians.) *skyil-din* W. a small hole filled with water. *skil-ldir* W. handle, ring fixed to a thing, for carrying it, hang- ing it up etc. skyu-ytin Lex. w.e., Sch.: a gulp, draught uvr' skyii-ru a sour fruit Med.; skyu-ru- 3 ra Med. (Lex. : --yjrH wood - sorrel) the same (?); in later times the word seems to have been used also for the 0- live, and skyu-ru-sin the olive tree, which in Sik. is called fca-skyur-poi sin. skyur-ba f^j. skyu-i'um Cs.: 'condiment, sauce, pickle', ace. to others, at least in W., only the resp. word for spags: 1. sauce, gravy. 2. dish, mess. skyiig-pa pf. skyugs. l.to vomit, e- ject, e.g. blood, skyug-tu jug-pa to cause to vomit, skyug^pa dren-pa to excite vomiting Tar.; skyugs-pa (partic. pf.), -nan-skyugs,, the vomit (it is the food of certain demons, and being boiled in it, is one of the punishments of hell). 2 to lose colour, to stain. Comp. skyug-lddd rumination, chewing the cud; Sch. also: eructation. skyug- brs-ba nausea, skyiig-bro-bai nad disease of nausea; skyug-bro-bas from disgust; skyug-bro C. also impure with regard to religion, = W. *fsid-du*. skyug-smdn an emetic. skyug-log-pa Sch. to feel disgust. r-7ji- skyun-ka, also Icun-ka, jack daw ' (black, with a red bill); skyun-kas zos Lex. eaten or stolen by a jack-daw. 'Q' skyun-ba pf. bskyuiis, ft. bskyuri, imp. skyun(s) Cs. to leave behind, to lay aside, e.g. a task Lex., pride S.g. ayr-rr skyud-pa 1.6s.:to forget, leave off. 2. 3P Sch.: to comminute; to swallow. (V) 2M^q* skyur-ba I. adj. sour, sbst. acidity; 3 more frq. : skyur-po C., -mo W. adj. sour, Ssk. Tjp^f, skyur <#ug-pa 1. to turn sour. 2. to suffer a substance to turn sour, v. Jug-pa. Ka(-sa)-skyur-po olive, Ka (sa)-skyur-poi siti olive tree Sik. skyur- Ku Cs., ran -skyur Cs., skyur -ru (Sik.), skiir-mo Lh. a sour liquid, vinegar. (Vi- negar seems to be little known as yet in Tibet, and the above mentioned expres- sions may have been framed by different persons on different occasions, but are not in general use. The same may be said of Cs.'s skyur-pa and skyur-rtsi for acid in a chemical sense.) II. vb. pf. & ft. bskyttr 1. to throw, to cast pyir out, Ihuh-zed ndm-mKa-la bskyur-nas having flung his mendicant' s-bowl up into the air DzL, cur skyur-ba to throw into the water, rgydb-tu behind one's self = to 28 skyus turn one's back upon a thing; to throw away, throw down, a stone, a corpse etc.; to eject, lud-pa phlegm; to throw off, a rider; to give up, abandon, a work; to for- sake, a friend; to abort. skyitr-ma ab- ortion W. (f) ?-u skyitr, yyanskyiir ca- pital punishment in 6'., when the delinquent, with a weight fastened to his neck, is thrown from a rock into a river. skyus? Sch.: skyus fog-pa altogether; skyus-su klog-pa G-ramm.: to pro- nounce jointly, viz. two consonants without a vowel between them. S' ske 1 v. ske. 2. v. skyed and skye-ba. j*q* skye-ba I. vb. faf) pf. skyes I. to be born; nd-la (seld. las) bu skyes-pa yin 1 have given birth to a son Glr.; po- skyes a man, mo skyes a woman, female; skye-i'ga-na- ci-bai sdug-bsndl the evil of birth, old age, sickness and death (which constitute what in the opinion of the Bud- dhist is the greatest evil of all, that of existence) ; fog-ma skyes-nas, md-la skyes- nas B., *'d-ma skye-sa-na* W. from one's birth; sfcye ci- (or si-) med pa subject neither to birth nor to death, eternal; skye- ^gag-med-Thgy.., Lex., is said to mean the same. In the special sense of the doctrine of metempsychosis skye-ba has often to be rendered by: to be re-born, mi-ru as man, bur as (somebody's) son. mi skye-bai cos-la bzod-pa v. bzod-pa. W. : *skye-ce* 1. as inf. to be born, reborn. 2. as sbst. the being born; birth. 3. as adj. being with child, pregnant; big with young, also *sKye-ce-ma*. - 2. to become, to begin to exist, arise, nad kun mi skye, skyes-paan zi-bai pyir ut ne m or bus ullus nascatur, natus quoque se- detur Med.; skye-ba dan jig-pa to arise and pass away ; frq. of thoughts, passions etc. (the person as well as the thing in the accus.) : fcyeu Kros-pai sems skyes-te the youth thoughts of wrath arising (in him). 3. to grow (nasci) lun-ya O bru skye-ba valleys where corn grows ; ru mgo- la skye a horn is growing on the head. 4. to grow (crescere) cer or cen-por skye- skye-ba ba to grow up, to grow tall; ras kyan lits-Kyi fsdd-du skyes-so the garment also grew in proportion to the growth of the body, or: with the body DzL; rful-pod- par skyes-so he grew up a valiant man, became a valiant man; to bud, germinate, sprout, *sbdns-te skye cug-ce* to accelerate the germinating of the seed by maceration W.; even = O pel-ba Dzl. ^oyv ? 5. some- times = skyd-ba 2. unless in that case *kye-ce* should be spelled bskyds-ces W. II. sbst. farfa) 1- the being born, the birth, skye-ba mfo-ba, skye-mfo or mfon high birth; of high birth, noble, man, male; skye-ba dmd-ba, skye-dmd, -dmdn low birth; of low birth, ignoble, woman, mi-hts fob kyan skye-ba dman born a human being, it is true, but only a female Mil; skyes- dmdn col. *kyer man* in C. the usual word for woman and wife, ne Kyer men my wife. In the special Buddhistic sense: re- birth mir skye-ba bzen-pa to take or assume re-birth as a human being; also period of re-birth = existence, life, skye-ba O di-la in this, my present, period of life; skye-ba bdun seven periods of life; also manner of re-birth, v. skye-ynds; in a concrete sense: the re-born individual, yum-gyi skye-ba yin she is the re-birth of the queen dowager, the re-born q. d. 2. the arising etc. 3. the growing etc. Comp. skye-dgu v. skye-bo. skye-^gro = c yroba being (q.v.) skye-sgo 1. en- trance to re-birth, viz. to one of the six regions of birth, v. ,-gro-ba II., skye-sgo ycod-pa to lock it up. 2. face, legs-pa a handsome, zan-pa an ugly face; also Ka-sgo skye-Jbras legs-pa is said for: having a handsome exterior C. skye -meed (^HTOrPT) the five (or six) seats, i. e. or- gans, of the senses (the sixth is *p^ the inner sense); the senses themselves; this conception, however, has been greatly al- tered and varied by the fanciful theories of medical and philosophical authors, of. Burn. I, 500. Was. (240). skye-ynds 1. birthplace; station or locality of a plant. stye-bo 2. class or region of birth or re-birth, class of beings (v. c gro-ba); byol son-gi skye-ba the being born as an animal. 3. manner Of birth ^trirRI, skye-ba bzi, also ^<pnfa. the four kinds or ways of being born: mndl-las (or nas) out of a womb (so, ace. to Stg., elephants and some men are born), syo-iid-las out of an egg (birds, some klu, some men), drod-yser-las out of heat and humidity (insects, some men etc.), rdzus- te in a supernatural way (so the lha, the Buddhas, when they spring from lotus- flowers; also the inhabitants of infernal regions, souls in the bardo and some men). skye-yzitgs prob. = byad-yzugs stature, figure. skye-rdbs series of the births of a man, history of them, and esp. so of the births of Buddha, so in the title of a work. skye-sin = skyed-sin Wdn. irzf' skye-bo 1. being, (animans) mi-la-sogs- pa sKye-bo man and the other living beings Dzl. 2. human being, man, gen. as a collective noun: mankind, Jcrul-bcas skye-bo infatuated men Pth.; skye-bo mKds- pa yzdn-rnams other sensible people Tar.', skye-bo mdn-poi yid-du ^on-ba universally beloved Dom.; mi nag skye-bo laymen (on account of the dimness of their religious knowledge); so-soi skye-bo xnqfTWT (cf- Will.) the lower clergy, common monks Tar., but also simple laymen, if they are not quite without religious knowledge; skye-bo-cog, (skyeo-cog Cs. is a less accu- rate pronunciation), skye-dgu, or (less cor- rectly) rgu, men, mankind; skye-dgui-bddg- mo Tnrrq<ft fern. pr. n., the aunt and first governess of Buddha Glr., Gyatch., also a name of dpal-lhd-mo 's q.v. f skye-fse = ske-fse Lex., mustard. skye-rdgs W. for ska-rags girdle. ^jcn- skyeg Cs. : = keg, kag misfortune. But ' rtsis-kyi skyeg Lex. w.e.? ^cn^r* skyegs 1. n. of a bird: cu-sky. Lex. w.e., Sch.: coot, water-hen; ri- skyegs Lex. w.e., Cs. : a large singing-bird, ^%'skyed-pt 29 Sch.; grouse, heath-cock. 2. rgya-skyegs shell-lac. skyeti-ba&ndskyeHS-paio be ashamed, also Ka-skyeit-ba, B. and col. frq. ' s kyett-ser-rlu/t also skye-orskya- ser-luit Mil, cold wind. ^r- skyed and skye, 1. growth, increase, ' skyed ce-bar c gyur-ba to grow much; yzan-gyi zla- skyed -pas del zag- skyed ce his daily growth was greater than the growth of others in a month etc. Pth. 2. progress, the getting on, improvement skyed yon progress comes, 1 am making pro- gress Mil.; profit, gain nad-la skyed med (this) is of no use for that disease, of no benefit S.g.fol. 10. 3. interest C., diiul- skyed of money, O bru-skyed of corn C., skyed-du yton-ba to give on interest 6s.; skyed pog pa Cs.: 'to be the full term of payment', more accurately: skyed p9 I (you, he etc.) am struck or hit by the term of payment; skyed-can yielding inter- est, profit 6s. skyed-sgo Mil.nt. prob. = rgyal-sgo CH principal door. ^_... skyed-pa I. vb pf. bskyed, act. to *" skye-ba, in W. pronounced alike: *skye-ce* I. to generate, procreate; seldom in a physical sense: bskyed-pai yob o ysv- vrjoag nai^Q Pth., (opp. to bltams-pai yum Pth., for which however skyed-ma Cs. does not seem to be an appropriate substitute). 2. to produce, form, cause (opp. to med- par byed-pa to destroy, annihilate) e. g. diseases, fear, roots of virtue, merit, bsod- nams-kyi fsogs, sa-bon (fig.) Dzl, O bras-bu retribution; to reproduce, zad-pa what has been consumed Med.; to create certain thoughts or affections either in one's self or in others : spro-ba bskyed-pas dei pa- md yan spro-ba cun-zad skyes-nas by his own rejoicing also to his parents a little joy arising Dzl. 22. 5; fams-cad-kyisbrtson- c grus bskyed-do they all created zeal, took great pains Dzl; ces bsam-pa bskyed-nas thus they thought. 3. to cause to ger- minate or grow, yur-bai cu-i/is i/'/i skyed 30 T skyen-pa J' skyes-pa c dra just as the water of the ditch makes the fields green Med.; sd-bon Dzl. (v. be- fore, but it may as well be referred to this signification); ysos skyed-pa to bring up, to nurse up Dzl. ; skyed srin-ba id. Glr. 4. = skyd-ba, to bring on, carry, convey to a place Pth. Comp. skyed-mos-fsdl grove, park. - skyed-rdzogs, instead of skyed-rim and rdzogs-?im, ^H!W and *l*Mtf**J 5 two kinds or degrees of meditation. skyed- sin Cs.: a planted tree (?) prob. a fruit- tree, Dzl. II sbst. 1. the generating, producing etc. 2. = skyed, e g skyed-pa len-pa to gain flesh, to thrive G'. 3. = rked-pa. ttyen^pa adj. 1. quick, swift Lex., Jcro- or sddn-sky en-pa quick to wrath Sty.; byed-skyen-pa rash, hasty, precipitate Glr. 2. nimble, dexterous C.W.; C p6n- skyen-pa dexterous in shooting, a skilful archer Dzl. (Besides : vb. to make haste, to strive; sbst. zeal, ardour; adj. strong Cs., Sch. ??) ski/em-pa resp. to be thirsty. styems resp. 1. thirst. 2. drink, beverage, esp. beer, also zal-skyems or -skyoms, skyems c dren-pa to offer or set before an honoured person something to drink, bzes-pa to accept of it, to take it; skyems-la ysol-res byed-pa to drink beer in company Git'.; ysegs-skyenis a carousal on the departure of an honoured person; yser- skyems beer together with grains of corn, as an offering to the gods for the good success of an enterprise, a journey etc., in religious dancing-festivals, yser-skyems- pa sbst. the priest or dancer who offers it. skyems -can beer. -- sky ems -cu drinkable water. *skyems-dan* W. (?) brandy. skyems-fsugs Sch.: cup, dish. skyems-sifi small-beer. S*"CJ" 8 ty* r ~P a Lex>'' ffr<T curcuma, tur- meric; in W. barberry. vulgo for ske-dmdn woman C. (v. a n) , pf. & ft. bskyel, imp. skyol 1 . to conduct, accompany, resp. ydan- skyel-ba; skyol-la sog conduct him hither! Pth.; *skyel-la-la* (for *skyel-wa-lc?) son he has gone to accompany (him) W. bsu-bskydl going to meet, and accompany- ing on departing Dzl., ysegs-skyel byed-pa resp. to accompany an honoured person on departing, to see him off Mil. 2. to convey, bring, take e. g. a child to a place, food to somebody, Dzl, C. W. id.; to carry Off, to take away C. : *sin ma kyal cig* do not bring any more wood! more accurately * kyal sog* bring! * kyal soil* take away! 3. to send B. $ C. e.g. clothes' to some- body Dzl 4. to risk, to stake, ran-srog Mil 5. 6'.: to use, to employ *bd-lan le jM -pa-la* an ox for work; to spend, *le yhe'-pa-la mi-fse* one's whole life in work- ing, *le-lo nan-no* in idleness. Q. *Ka kyel- wa* C. to kiss; ynod-pa skyel-ba, B. *kyal- wa* C. W. col., to do harm, to hurt, inflict an injury, to play one a trick ; mna skyel-ba B.,C.W., to swear, take an oath; *lo kyel- ce* W. to rely, depend upon, confide in. sky el -fun byed-pa = ysegs-skyel byed-pa, (prop.: to accompany one to a short dis- tance). skyel-bddr Lex., also col., pre- sent of the departing person to those that accompany him. skyel-ma an escort, convoy; skyel-mar yod he is a guide (to me) Mil; skyel-ma zu we ask for a safe- conduct Glr.; dmag dan bcds-pai skyel-ma a military escort Glr. i^p skyes, also skyds-ma, skyos-ma, ttyos- ma, resp. ynafi-skyes, a present, skyes skiir-ba to give or send a present; Jbyon- skyes, pebs-skyes a present given to or re- ceived from somebody on his arrival. sKyas-cdh a present of beer, skyes-Kur of cakes, skyes-nor of merchandise or money; skyes-ldn a present made in return 6s. ' skyes-sdoii Sik. banana, plantain. g, also skye-ndg C. widower. es-pa 1. pt. pf. of skye-ba. - 2. sbst. man, male person, skyes-pa 31 skyes-bu dan bud-med, men and women B. <f- C.; emphatically: rgydl-po ycig-po skyes-pa yin the king alone is a man DzL; husband Glr.; skyes-bu a holy man? skyes-bu, Ssk. tr^ man, people; skyes-bu gan whosoever; man opp. to the rest of nature Med. ; one (French : on), skyes-bu lag -pa brkydn-ba tsdm-gyis as quick as one stretches out his hand DzL - Though this word may also be applied to culprits and criminals (Pth.\ it is chiefly used of holy men: skyes-bu dam-pa the saint; dad-lddn sky. the believing, the faithful Glr.; skyes-bu cen-po, H%\my the great saint, in Buddhistic \\ritings nearly identical with Buddha; skyes-bu mcog id. (For the 32 chief characteristics and the 80 subordinate marks distinguishing such a person refer to Koppen. I. 433. Burn. II. 553 fie. Gyatch. c. VII.) skyes-ma 1. fern, of skyes-pa, she that has been born Mil. 2. fern, skyds-ma Sik. skyo-nogs Cs.: quarrel, Lex. C K rug-Ion. gnq- skyoba 1. vb. to be weary, ccir: bdag Kyim-gyis skyo-ste I being weary of living in the world DzL; in a more ge- neral sense: to be ill -humoured, grieved, vexed, to feel an aversion Tar. 12. 13; skyo mi ties-par or skyo mi ses-pa tsdm-du with- out being tired, indefatigably; nam sKyo-na when he was tired of it DzL 2. sbst. weariness O fsol- fsol-nas skyo-ba yan skye- bar dug we are quite tired of that con- stant seeking Mil.; yid yons-su mi skyo- ba indefatigableness, perseverance Thgy. skyo-mo adj., *sems skyo-mo rag* I feel discontented, disheartened /,. Comp. skyo-grogs comforter, companion Glr., Mil. skyo-glu Cs. : a mournful song. skyo-ndl, skyo-dub weariness, skyo-nal- med-pai dad-pa unwearied faith Mil. skyo -Ms disgust, aversion. skyo-sdns re- creation, skyo-sdns-la c gro-ba, resp. Jbyon- pa to take a walk or a ride, to prome- nade. skyo-bsun-pa to be grieved Sch. -q- skyod-pa $J*5J" Sfc yv- rma 1- P a P f parched meal and beer; any pap, paste or dough; skyo- ma Jbyug-pa to spread paste (upon a wound, as a salve) Med.; sa-skyo Med. ? (it may denote a paste of meat as well as one of mushrooms). 2. blame, slander, skyo-ma man- la when he slanders a great deal Mil. r- skyogs 1. SCOOp, ladle. *me-kydg* coal-shovel C.; *zu-kyog* melting- spoon, crucible C. W. 3. drinking-cup, bowl, goblet. -- yser-skyogs, dnul-skyogs gold, silver goblet, zal-skyogs C. B., *don- skyogs* W. resp.: drinking-cup. fcrag-skyogs bowl for drinking blood, a skull used for that purpose Pth.; *kyog-zdb sal* may I ask your honour for the foot of your cup (viz the remnant of your drink)? W. 3. srab-skyogs Cs.: the rein of a bridle. skyogs-lto-Jbu snail W. *'ol- skyogs* id. skyogs-pa to turn, mgrin-pa the neck, to look round, back, Mil., also = to turn away, aside C. SC'fl* s tyon-ba, pf. bskyans, ft. bskyan, imp. (b)skyoit(s) Ssk. in, "J^T t guard; to keep, to tend, cattle; to defend, the religion; to save, preserve, the life, the body; support, to take care of, poor people, e.g. drin bzdn-pos by benefits, favours, fdbs- kyis by various means; to attend to; to be given io,fugs-ddmmed\i&iiou,lag-le/t exercise; rgyal-srid skyon-ba to rule, govern a king- dom, cos bzin-du in conformity with the law of religion, justly. cos-skyo/t ; pro- tector, defender of religion', \I*JMH, is used for a certain individual deity, or = cjig- rten-skyon, or for a class of magicians in the monasteries of C., \. SchL 157. Ko. II. 259. rjig-rten-slyon, ^tefixrrw 'guardian of the world'; there are four of them, iden- tical with rgyal-cen bzi the four great spirit-kings, q.v. skyon-ddl assistance 6 1 ., *kyon-dhdl )he'-pa* to help. skyoii- ma = brtdn-ma the goddess of the earth. gSr-rt skyod-p<t pf. & ft. bskyod, Ssk. ^ji^, ^3" 1. to move, to agitate, ////<-//'* </<<l-</ a 32 skrdg-pa skyod-na when the wind agitates the bran- ches Dzl; to Shake; hence Mi-skyod-pa, Ak- shobhya, n. of the second Dhyani-Buddha. - 2. IT.: resp. to go, to walk, (=fsegs-pa, Jbyon-pa B. C.) *ndn-du skyod* step in, if you please! 3. W.: to go down, to set, of the sun, moon etc., to expire, to pass, to elapse, of time. |Tr- skyon ^ftf 1. fault, defect (opp. to ' yon-tan), skyon gah yah med I have not to complain of anything, I do not want anything Dzl; damage, harm, disadvan- tage, misfortune, Jlrul-pa-la skyon ci yod what harm is there in erring? Thgy.; C.: *mi kypn, kyon me'*, no harm, no matter (W. more freq.: *misto*); fzdn-gyi skijon tds-na dgd-ba rejoicing in the calamities of others, malicious Glr.; skyon- du mfon- bd to consider it a loss Glr. 2. bodily defect, fault, as lameness; derangement, dis- order in the mixture of the humours Med. 3. spiritual defect, sin, vicious quality, rdziin-du smrd-bai skyon the sin of lying Dzl.; skyon-gyis ma gos not defiled by sin; lar skyon ce but that is very bad (of you) Glr.; skyon byed-pa Cs. to commit a fault, sel-ba Lex. to remove, amend, correct a fault, spdn-ba to leave off, to quit it; mi- la skyon Jbebs-pa, ^dogs-pa (col. * tag -pa, tdg-ce*) to charge one with a crime, to ca\umui& 1 teGlr.;j'zdn-gyi skyon ale/i-ba,rjdd- pa, to name the faults of others, to speak ill of them, to slander B., C., Schr. also : to blame, criticise. skyon-can \ . faulty, de- fective, incorrect, e.g. dag-yig the spelling of a word. 2. sinful, subject to vice. 4. symb. num: 18. SJ3T5J* skyon-pa pf. (b)skyon to put astride upon a thing, (causative form to zon-pa), mi zig rtd-la (or rtd-ru) to cause a man to mount, to go on horseback: to fix something on a stick; mi zig ysdl-sin- la to empale a man. pf. (b*)styabs, ft. bskyab, imp.skyob(s)Ssk. ^7 to protect, defend, preserve, save frq., r jigs-pa-las from fear, cjig-pa-las from destruction; bskydb-pa the protecting power, the preserving cause Mil. (mi.). f^j- skyobs help, assistance, seldom for skyabs; skyobs-ma Thgy. id.; *srog- kyob* col. preservation of life, escape; also: he that saves another's life, helper. s(yom-pa, pf. bskyoms, ft. bskyom, imp. skyom(s) Cs.: to shake, agitate, stir up. Lexx. give: cu skyom-pa and snod skyom-pa, to stir the water, to shake a vessel. ^r' skyor = Kyor, the hollow of the hand filled with a fluid, e.g. cu-skyor a handful of water. ffjin* skydr-ba I. vb. pf. d T ft. bskyar 1. to hold up, to prop, 2. to paste. 2. to repeat, bskydr-te btan it was repeat- edly sent Dzl. ; to repeat word for word what the teacher says, in order to learn it by heart Mil. ; to say over again; to recite by heart (opp. to sgrog-pa to read); glu de rjes skyor-nas ma bldiis-na if one does not sing the hymn afterwards repea- tedly Mil.; *kyor jan jlitf-pa* C. to prac- tise repeatedly. II. sbst. enclosure, fence. f* skyol-ba sometimes for skyel-ba. |* skyos-ma v. skyes. ay skra, resp. dbu-skrd (C.: *ta, W.: sra*) ^ the hair of the head, *sra-lo*Ld. id., used caressingly in speaking to children and women; skra dan fcd-spu the hair of the head and of the beard ; skra bsgril ba Cs. : plaited or curled hair; skra nyag ycig a single hair. skrd-can having long hair. skra-do-ker the hair plaited together on the crown of the head, as Buddha and Hindu-women wear it. skra-mdud the bow of ribands at the end of the long plaits of the women in Ld. etc. skra- fsdb Cs.: false hair, a peruke. skra-sen Sch. thin hair. , ... skrdg-pa, with instr., to be terrified, frightened by, afraid of something , dndns-skr. id. B. } C. ' skrdn-ba f. skrans, to Swell, +sraris- sorl* it is swollen, a tumour, a bile, a weal has formed itself W. ; skrdns-po Sch. a swelling, tumour; skrans-Jbiir Sch. an abscess not yet open. gM- skran 1. Ssk. T^ff Cs.: a fleshy etc. ^ ' excrescence in Ihe abdomen, a con- cretion under the skin, in the bowels, womb etc., Sch. also: a swelling of the glands. Wise (Commentary on Hindoo Medicine) says, that very different diseases are comprised unter the term gulma, tu- mours of the pylorus, partial enlargements of the liver, diseases of the large intestines, fixed and inoveable swellings; perhaps also herniae, which I did not find men- tioned elsewhere. In S. g. I found skran- ndd described as a consequence of great fatigue and want of breath, and skran-yzer as pain in consequence of suppressed winds. 2. rdo-skrdn. bad-skrdn, two sorts of steatite C. skrdb-pa Cs.: 'to beat the ground with one's feet,' to stamp, tread, cf. Jfrdb-pa; Lex.: bro-skrab-pa, to dance. T skrds-ka v. skds-ka. Dq- skri-ba 1. Cs. to conduct (?) 2. W. *sri-ce* f. dkri-ba. ayn* s k)'u-ba pf. bskrus ft. bskru, Sch.: to >o wait; the latter would suit well in a passage of Mil., perh. also in zds-la skru of the Lexx.; but sm-skrus-pa Lexx. re- mains unexplained. *Mrq- skrun-pa pf. & ft. bskrun to produce, xs fruits Mil., a root of virtue (v. rtsd-ba) Stg. skrum meat, resp. viz. when spoken of as the food of respected persons. y skrog-pa = dkrog-pa, perh. also f. skrdg-pa. Lexx. dd-ru skrog-po to beat the drum: W. *kopon srog-ce* to play on the guitar. gjr'rj. skrod-pa pf. & ft. bskrad to expel, ^ ' drive out, eject, out of the country Dzl, Mil- to deprive of cast; *srdd-de tan ce* to expel a thief publicly out of the village W. nx,'" jnT"S words beginning with these letters will in most cases be found arranged under rk . . and sk . . ^SC'EfSJ" bskan-rdzds a sacrificial ceremony v. SchL 360. bskd-ba, Ssk. qreTO? astringent, as to taste, Cs. erron.: bitter. bskdl-pa, Ssk. cfi^r, a kalpa, a fabulous period of time; the fan- tastical reveries of the Buddhists concer- ning this subject v. Ko. 1. 266, also Will. under kalpa. bskdl-pa cen-po the great kalpa; bdr-(gyi) bskal-pa the intervening or middle 'kalpa'; bsk. bzdn-po the happy, blessed period, viz. in which Buddhas ap- pear; bskdl-pa nan-pa the^bad 'kalpa'; bskal-me conflagration of the universe. ^rrT^T bsku-ba v. skud-pa II vb. m Ka 1. the letter k', aspirated, like c in ' ( call\ 2. numerical figure: two, Ka- pa the second volume. JEJ- tia I. additional syllable, = ka, but less frequent. II. in compounds instead of Kd-ba bitter and fcd-ba snow; for the latter sig- nification it is in W. the only form] existing. III. i. o. Kag part, Ka ?nyis-su into two parts (e. g. to cleave) Stg. ; *Ka-ghdn* 34 F Kn. one part; in a special sense: the sixth part of a rupee C.; Ka-chj part, some, se- veral, frq. IV. (also Ssk. *) resp. zal, cf. Kd-po 1. mouth, Ka Ka bitter mouth, bitter taste Med.; Ka did-po (soft month), manage- able, tractable, Ka gyon-po hard-mouthed, refractory; Ka syyur-ba (= Ka-lo sgy.) to govern, to rein the mouth (of a horse), to lead, guide, influence other persons Glr., to turn off (a river) Tar.; Ka c fen-pa (to pull the mouth) to stop a beast of draught Tar.; Ka O byed-pa, W, *pe-ce* to open one's mouth, fddns-pa to open it wide, O dzum- pa, W., *cug-ce* to shut it; Ka brddb-pa (orkrdb-pa?) to smack; *Ka dab* (or *tab*) *zer-wa* to produce a smacking, snapping sound, col. ; Ka reg-pa c. dat. to put one's mouth to a thing, in order to eat or drink it; Ka <$ua-pa c. dat. to interfere, to meddle with; Ka fdl-ba 1. col. = Ka <gug-pa, 2. Cs.: to promise; Ha ytugs-pa, Ka < o ytugs- pa, Kd-la < o byed-pa, Ka sbyor-ba B., C., *Ka Idn-ce* W, *Ka hjel^iva* C. to kiss; *Ka tye-ce* W., to inveigh, to give ill lan- guage; Ka bsre-ba to have intercourse, social connexion with one another, viz. in eat- ing, drinking and smoking together, which is a matter of no little social con- sequence; Ka dzin byed-pa c.genit. to receive friendly, to be kind to, assist Mil.; Ka f tad- pa Glr. 16. 3. was explained: to bring together personally, to confront, = Ka sprddrpa; Ka o bub-tu nyal-ba to lie in that position; Ka bsldn-ba the contrary of the preceding; Ka ^6g-tu bltds-te si-ba to be killed by a precipitous fall. Especially: the speaking mouth, Kd-nas, col. also *Kd- na*, orally, by word of mouth, e. g. to state, report, *Kd-ne zer-na* in the collo- quial language C.; *Ka de-mo nyin sog-po* W. hypocritical; Kd-la sld-te don-la bka easily spoken after, but difficult to be understood (e.g. a doctrine); *Ka sor son* 'my (his etc.) mouth has run away', *nor son* 'has erred', the former denoting in- considerate talk, the latter a lapsus lin- guae; Kas len-pa, bldn-ba 1. 'to anticipate Ka with the mouth', to promise frq., with di- rect speech or term, inf., sometimes also with the term, of a sbst. e. g. brdn-du Kas blans he promised or engaged himself as a servant, also: to presume, to arrogate Mil. 2. 'to accept, adopt with the mouth', to acknowledge, admit Tar.; Kas O ce-ba . B., Ka fdl-ba Cs., to promise; Ka siid-ba, ,s/m,<- pa to blurt out, speak out inconsiderately; Ka O cdm-pa, mfun-pa, col. *fi<g-pa* to agree upon; Ka sdom-pa, mndn-pa to silence, W.; *Ka kdg-ce, kyil-ce* id.; Ka skyor-ba, slu-ba to speak cunningly, to try to per- suade etc.; Ka rog-pa, more freq. *Ka rog- (tc) dug-pa, dad-pa, to be silent; Ka pdn- ba Tar., prob. = Ka Ki/am dbyug-pa C. to divulge ill rumours; Ka log-pa to reply, contradict; Ka gdn dgar smrd-ba (*gah tad, gan dran zer-ce* W.) to talk at random; Ka- (la) nydn-pa to obey, Ka nydn-po Obedient (resp. bka i.o. Ka); ysdl-Ka clear, intelligible language; Ka iidn-du smrd-ba, W.: *Ka sog-po zer-ce* to use ill language; also without *ndn-pa* or * 'sog-po, Ka zer- ce* or *Ka ton-wa* means the same. 2. mouth, opening, orifice, of a vessel, cavern, pit etc., Kaj'cod-pa, c gcbs-pa to cover, shut an opening; Ka o byed-pa to open, is also used of a book, a letter etc. (for holy books zal is employed i.o. Ka); Ka Jbye-ba to open or unclose itself, to begin to ap- pear, Ka o bu-ba id., of flowers; Ka biib-tu the opening turned downward, Ka bsldn- du turned upward; Ka-fug skon-ba to fill to the brim; Ka skon-ba to fill up a void, to make up a deficiency, yzan-nas or las from elsewhere; fca nan the inward brim, lea pyi the outer edge Glr. 3, the front side, face, Ka I/tor ston-pa or ltd-ba to be directed southwards Glr. 4. surface, Ka Jyri-ba, to be diminished, of a fluid the surface of which is sinking; Kd c pri-ba to diminish, to make less, by taking away from the surface; the outside, Ka dkar ytin nag outside white, inside black, fig. Mil.; in a special sense: colour, v. Kd-dog; therefore Kd-ru, Kd-na, Kd-la, Kar i. on, upon, above, xiit-Kar upon the tree (e. g. he sits), up the tree (he climbs) DzL; cu fear on the water; pijogs bzi Kd-ru all round Glr. 2. on, at, en Kur on the river side, mho Km- pebs he came to the lake Pth. 3. above, besides. = *ii'n-du Mil. 4. towards, in the face of, mfson Kar sra proof against thrust or blow Mil. 5. at the time of, when, sleb- pai fear, sleb liar, Jbyon Kar when (he) ar- rived; re-bai Kar in the hope of; Kd- nas down from, away from, rta Kd-nas Jjebs-pa to alight from the horse Glr.; *Kd-na, Kd-ne, fcd-la* col. for sgo-nas, *tdbs- si Kd-na* by way of the opportunity, on occasion, *yun rin-gi Kd-ne* by little and little, gradually. 5. sharpness, edge, of a knife etc., *Ka tiig-po sou* the edge has become blunt, *log son* has become bad; *Ka mi O dug* the edge is wanting; mei, cut. rli'n'i-gi Ka non-pa to suppress the sharpness of the fire, water, wind, to stop the flames, floods etc. (viz. by means of incantations) Glr.; *Ka ton-ce, piii-ce* W. to grind, to sharpen; Ka len-pa to become sharp Sch. V. yesterday, also: the day before yesterday, feat nyin id., cf. Ka-rtsaii. Compounds. Ka-dkri(C. *-ti*, W. *-n*; neck-cloth, sometimes worn as a protection against cold. Kd-skon, Kas-skd/t appen- dix, of a book. Ka-skyur-po olive, olive- tree Sik. Ka-Ka-sdn or sin about two months ago C. Ka-Kebs cover, lid Sch. - Ka-K6r, Ka-Kyer border Sch. Ka-Kral Cs.: respect, regard, with respect to. Ka-Jcor the circumference of the mouth Cs. - - Ka-gdn (cf. Ka III) quadrate, square, Ka-gdn-ba square adj., Ka-gdn-ma id., e.g. pieces of cloth so shaped. Ka- gdb Sch. cover, lid. Ka-g6ii snow- ball. l<'d-</ru corner of the mouth. Ka-mgdl v. Ka-so. Ha-rgdn Mil. privilege of old age n. f. Ka-rgod Sch.: ill language; a slanderer. Ka-rgyitg Glr. ace. to the con- text: idle talk, unfounded assertion. Ka- rgyud or -gyun, resp. zal-rgyun, oral tra- dition, esp. certain mystical doctrines not allowed to be written down. Ka-bx<j<'>* advice, = Kd-ta; commandment, cf. bka- s. ka-ni/Kir bitter and sweet. Ka-cig (v. Ka III) some, Ka-yn'u't clever talking, cf. Ka sbyd/l-po eloquent. (Ca.: fair words?) Ka-ycod cover, lid; cork. Ka-bcol Sch. idle talk, prattle. - h : <i-*t : dg Mil., was explained: abuse, ill lan- guage. Ka-cdd, resp. zal-cdd agreement, convention, covenant, *K. zum-ce* W. to con- clude a convention. Ka-cdr Mil. snow and rain; Ka-ma-cdr both falling promis- cuously, sleet. Ka-ciits the appeasing of wild beasts etc. by witchcraft Mil. Ka-cu \. spittle Cs. 2. snow-water. Ka- ce 1. a large mouth. 2. -a person that has to command over much (cf. Ka-drdg,Ka-zdn). 3. n. of a mask in the religious plays. 4. n. of a country, Cashmere, v. below. - Korcems last will, Ka-cems <jog-pa to make a testament. Ka-cos hypocrisy. Ka- mcu \. lip. 2. Sch.: word, voice (?) 3. quarrel, dispute. Ka-rje 1. great lord, mighty personage Cs. (?) 2. good luck, good fortune Cs.; but in C. it is only used for fortune t= goods, wealth. Ka-nyiu't Sch sparing of words, laconic. Kd-ta, also Kd-ltd good advice, lesson, byed~pa or cJog-paiQ give, C. W. Ka-tod-la (or -na) Ld. = Ka-fog la, on, upon. Ka-ton Cs. : 'a reading or saying with a loud voice' (Lex. ^3), better: the saying by heart, klog-gam Ka-ton-du don-nas reading or saying by heart, Ka-ton-du ses-pa to know by heart DzL; gen. in reference to reli- gious texts. Ka-)tdm Cs. tradition. Ka-ston not yet having eaten anything. Ka-fiig C. to the brim. Ka-fog-la or -na, = Kd-la, above, upon, on the top or sur- face of, Ka-fog-tu id.; Ka-fog-nas down from. Ka-for Sch. pustules in the mouth. - Ka-dig, Ka-ldig-mKan W. stammerer. Ka-dog, also Ka (v. Ka IV. 4.) colour *//</ mfon-mfiii-gi Ka-dog-tu ytjur-to the hair became blue DzL; Ka sgyur-ba to change colour, Ka c gyur the colour changes, cf. also mdog. - - Ka - drag 1. mighty. 2 haughty. Ka-drati W. over-against, just before, opposite, straight on. Ka-ldd&ut, = l t : (i-t(i,)-il<intx-/, : <i, advice W. Ku-tldr 36 F ' Ka-ce Cs.: 'one who speaks too fast', Sch.: 'too loud'. Ka-.dig cork, bung, stopple. - Ka-nau yesterday morning (.'. Kd-nar-can oblong. Ka-niit last year. Kd-po some- times f. Ka 1. mouth, e.g. *Kd-po dul-mo* W., *Kd dul-po C., tractable. 2. speech Mil. 3. bitter C. Kd-lpdgs lip, goh-ma upper, ^tig-ma lower lip; W.: *Kdl-pag (s) pdg-ce, ddb-ce* to smack. Kd-spu hair of the beard, skra dan Kd-spu hair of the head and beard, frq. Kd-po boasting. Ka-po-ce id. Ka-p6r = por-pa, a cup. Ka-pyis napkin. Kd-ba v. below. Ka- bdd the humidity of the air or the moisture of the earth caused by snow. Ka-bub mouth or face being turned downwards. Ka-brdg v. below. Ka-rbdd Cs, : 'a boast, proud speech'; others: idle talk. Ka- sbydn eloquence Mil., Ka-sbydn-po eloquent, cf. Ka-ycdn? Ka-ma-cdr sleet, rain and snow. Ka-mur bit (bridle) Sch Ka- rtedn, Ka-sdn 1. B. C. yesterday forenoon. Ka-rtsdii-gi byis-pa the boy that was here yesterday forenoon Mil. 2. W. (*kar-sdn*) the day before yesterday; some days ago; *kar-sdh za-nyi-ma* last Sunday : *Kar-sdn (s)ton-ka* last autumn. Ka-fsa I. bitter and acrid Med. 2. 'hot in the mouth' a. a very acrid sort of radish, e.g. horse-radish. b. aphthae, thrush, a disease of the mouth, incident to horses, cows, sheep, c. Ka-fsd rih-ne-ba Mil. nt. daily warm food. Ka- fsub snow-storm. Ka-fso boasting. Ka-fsd sin-tu ce-ba a great swaggerer Glr. Ka- fsdn v. below. Ka-mfsul muzzle, mouth (of a dog etc.); the lower part of the hu- man face col. Jca- fs6g abuse? *Ka-fsog cem-^po* C. a great abuser, re viler. Ka- zan the contrary of Ka-drdg, low, unim- portant, having no authority, Ka-zdn-pai sdug-bsndl the misfortune of being of low birth Mil. Ka-ze I. 'mouth and mind', Ka-ze mi mfsiins-pa hypocrisy, hypocrite C. 2. 'mouth-mind', meaning the same as the phrase just mentioned: hypocrisy^/?'/., Ka- ze-med-pa unfeigned, sincere Mil. Ka- zen breadth, expanse, e.g. of the heavens Mil. Ka-zds food, victuals B. C. Kd- ya lit.: 'being one's partner or match as to speaking', also Kai ya, gen.: part- ner; match; *kd-ya )he'-pa* C. to assist, *Ko Ke ya* (or *Ka-ya) it? mi tub* I am not his match, not able to compete with him; with regard to things: I am not equal to the task Ka-ras neck-cloth, cf. Ka-dkri. Jcd-ru-fsa alum Med. Ka-rud snow-slip, avalanche. Ka-ro taste in the mouth. Ka rog v. Ka IV. 1. extr. ka-ldn 'mouth-requital' 1. thanks-giving MH. 2. reply, esp. angry reply. 3. requital for food received C. Ka-leb cover, lid. Kd-lo 1. 'mouth leaves', s/ioi Kd-lo Mil. the young, tender leaves of several wild herbs, used as vegetables. 2. v. below. Ka-sd 1 . v. Ka-skyiir-po. Kd-sd sd-ba S.g., 'snow -deer', elk Sch.; shoe-leather from the skin of this animal is mentioned in Mil., and is known in Tibet. In Sik. how- ever the deer of the neighbouring Tarai is called Ka-&a, in other parts of the coun- try the spotted deer, Ka-sdgs jest. joke. * Ka-sd ff t'db-ce, tdn-ce* W. to jest. /, r - sugs-can, -sed-can W. eloquent tfa-xes Cs. some. Ka-Mb col. lies, falsehoods; obscene talk; idle talk. Ka-bsdd talk, gossip Mil. Ka-sdii v. Ka-rtsdii. Ka-siit se- veral weeks ago Cs. Ka-so mouth and teeth; similar: Ka-mgdl mouth and jaw- bone, */ f -so* or *Kd-gdl cog yin* I shall break your chops W. Kd-sro? Ld. *Ka- sro ldm-l-e* to fry (meat) in butter. - fca-slob, --= Ka-ton, learnt by heart, (used by children) W. Ka-lhdg remnant of a meal Mil. VKa (Kwa?) v. Kwa-ta. Kd-ga-po Sch.: difficult (?). J-TQI- Ua-cul W. col. for Ka-ce-yul, Cash- mere. Ka-ce Cashmere; amongst other things it produces much saffron, hence Ka- saffron; in Cashmere Buddhism was once flourishing (v. the legend re- lative to its being introduced there: In- troduction du Buddhisme dans le Kashmir ra-x' ITT par L. Feer Paris 1866), but afterwards it came under Mahometan rulers, and tfa- ce denotes therefore now in C. a mussul- man (cf. Hue & Gabet's journey); Ka- cei dpe-ca the koran Schr.; Ka-cei ^gron- Kan an inn kept by a mussulman Mil. _._. Kd-ta (Kca-tuf) Ssk. 1. crOW. 2. * raven, = bya-rog, po-r6<j. 3. Ka-ta Itru-lo magpie. FT ?rr-' Kd-to-siii is said to be = ysdl- si'/'t, a pointed stake used for the execution of criminals. Fc'Zjr Ka-ti'dii-ga, Ka-tv., gen. pronounced 1 Ka-tmn-ga Ssk., Will: 'a club or staff with a skull at the top', the weapon of Siva, also carried by ascetics; Tibe- tans refer it also to the trident. Ka-btdgs handkerchief or scarf of salutation, a piece of veil-like and generally worthless silk-fabric, about as large as a small pocket-handkerchief, which in Tibet is given or sent, with or without other presents, to the person one intends to visit; cf. Hue's journey. v " Ka-^dd, v. Kan-da. I. col. C. *Kd-po*, W. *Kdn-te*, Bal * X o* bitter. - II. W. *Ka* snow, Kd-ba duit Itar ysal bright as snow and shells Pth.; Kd-ba G bab, col. *Ka yon* it snows; *Kapdu-ce* W. to remove the snow (with a shovel) ; Kd-ba-can snowy, and as a subst.: the snow-country, Tibet; Kd-ba- ean-pai sems-can-rnams the Tibetan beings Glr. III. correspondently to the Arabian word vpg the missionaries in Lh. have given to Ka-ba the signification of coffee, which is otherwise unknown in Tibet. - Ka-bdd 1. the architectural ornament of a Tibetan house formed by the projecting ends of the beams which sup- port the roof (not 'parapet' Cs.) 2. v. ka. nq-qrjv Ka-brdg fork (not generally used in ' eating); any forked object. n-jji Kd-mo Cs. enchantment, irresistible in- fluence. nq-^j-- Ka-fsdr fringes, threads, such as the loose threads at the end of a web. 37 ^ a ~ fs n Sch- decision; but in the only passage where I met with this word, viz. Dzl. ?-& 13, this meaning is not applicable, but something like surface or width. -ziir Sdt. water-hen. ur (SsL ^^ Hindi ^^0 col. a-nidate,Ka-~ur //idate-tree. 1. W.: rake (gardening). 2. Sp.: a carrier's load, *Ka-ze-pa* a cooly. -^zn- %<*-y6g a false charge, ('.: *ma nye- pe Ka-yog jhun* he was innocently accused. -^- Kd-ra 1. W. f kd-ra sugar. - 2. Sch.: trough, manger. ^" Ka-rij or Ka-rii, v. Kdl-ri. Ka-rog, v. Ka rog-pa, Ka IV. 1. towards the end. T Kd-le v. Kyd-le. Kd-lo 1. v. Ka Comp. 2. Schr. prow of a ship, others: helm; the word is very often used in the phrase: Ka-lo sgyur-ba, esp. gru-fziits-kyi, to turn a ship, to steer, to lead, govern, rule, /ca- lo sgyur-mKas-pa skilful in driving, Ka-lo- pa a charioteer. 3. Cs. : the glans penis. Ka-sya n. of a mountainous country in the KE. of India Tar. 21. 10. Ka-sur v. Ka-zur. mrn- /"".'/ 1- a task; charge, business, duty; ' responsibility; jmportance; Kag Kur-ba to be charged with, kdg c gel-ba to lay upon ; *kag feg-pa* or *kydg-pa* C. to wan-ant, become responsible; der O fso-ba yoii-ba kag feg I warrant you will get something to eat there Mil.; *Kag -feg, Kag-Kydg* C. a bail; Kdg-can important. 2. W.: part, bcu-Kdg the tenth part, tithe, *Kay-n\ji <o- te cdd-i-e* to cut in two; division, section (of a book); place, */ r </ nyi-la pog son* I have hurt myself in two places; */ : </// cig-la rub-ce* to press towards one point; in a more general sense: *l>'ug tig-la '' Kdy-po Sf Ka sds-ka cos* finish this work at once! yul-l>dy province, district; rgyal-Kdg king- dom. 3. W.: *Kay* or *Kdy-ga tdy-ce* to hang (by the neck). M9F> C. 1. difficult (W. *Kdy(s)- po*); hard (to bear), *Kdy-po )hu/l* it proved hard, *Kdy-po )he'-pa* to suffer want. -2. bad, spoiled, rotten, *mar L'dy- po son* the butter has become rancid. (?) Kdy-la, Md.: *Kdy-la mar* fresh butter, just made. pp. Kan C. : vu]g. f. Koit, sometimes also in books. __... Kdit-pa house, kdii-pa-la W. home, at home; in compounds also for a part of the house: room, story, floor etc., steit-, bar-, ^6g-Kaii upper story, middle story, ground-floor Git'.; bdr-ma, dkyil-ma or yzuh-Kan means also the usual dwelling- room, op p. to pugs and syo (V sgo): bzo- Kdn workshop; bait-Kail store-house, store- room; syo-Kan entrance, vestibule; skor-Ka/l (Glr. 68, 9) seems to be a passage run- ning round a building; *$6ff-Kan? W. the scoo ping-form or mould used in the ma- nufacture of paper; * Ms-Kan* bed (garden). Kah-yld house-rent. Kan-c&n house or room reserved for decrepit parents; Kait-cun-pa inhabitant of such; yait-Kaii- curl-pa such a person of the second de- gree, (if, during his life, his son enters into the same right). kait-ston an empty house, which is thought a fit place for sorcery and necromancy. Kdii-bu \ . little house, cottage. 2. room, wya-ndn-gyi K. room of mourning Dzl. Rait-miy room. - Kaii-rtsd foundation of a house Sch. - Kait-zdbs flooring of a room. Kaii-bzdiis residence, chiefly of gods. kan-rid Sch. a house in ruins. P^'^" Kdit-bu Pth. n. of a (fabulous) country. m<- Kad 1. Jitter, barrow. 2. like, as, ' = Itar Glr. 3. = Kod, Kad-snydms v. Ji'od-snyoms. ttad-pa, \. the same as Jf.od-pa, to stick fast, to be seized, stopped, im- peded, v. Jf ad-pa; hence also ma-Kdd ma-fay as SOOn as: dbugs cad ma-Kdd-du as soon as the breathing ceases Tltyr.; *de ma-Kdd* instantly, directly, bu skyes- ma-Kdd ciy Glr. a child born just now. 2. to approach, draw near, with la, nub-la Kdd-pai fse when the evening drew near Pth.; frq. with the perfect-root of a verb: tlbuys cdd-la Kdd-pai dus when the ceas- ing of the breath approaches TJiyr.; zin- la Kad yod-pa-la as we were just about to seize him; Kdd-du postpos. c.a. : riiii- pa Kdd-du as far as the heel Mil; Kdd- kyi* adv. by degrees Mil; Kdd-la, Kdd-du id. Tar. Kan-pa, also Ken-pa l.sbst. Schr.: wormwood, probably a mistake for Kdm-pa. 2. vb. to add (arithm.) Wdk. Kdn-da, more correctly Kdn-cla, also spelled Kd- dd, Ssk , treacle or mo- lasses partially dried, candy; de-la Kdn-da bcos-pa the candy made of it Med.; skyer- Kan- da candied skycr-pa. n ~ mai ' 1 ( corru pt'ed from Ka- aii?) modest Lh. nqq- Kab 1 . court, residence of a prince, rgydl-poi Kdb-kyi mi-mams courtiers. - 2. wife, spouse, Kab cen-ma the first wife (in rank); de-la Kab ^6s-pa ma niyed- nas as there was not found a wife worthy of him Glr.; O di ynyis i>ai Kdb-tu byftii-ba rmis-so I dreamt that these two would become my wives Glr.; Kdb-tu bzes-pa to take for a wife, to marry. (Schr. has even a verb: curt-mar Kdb-pa.) 3. needle. Kab- rise point of a needle, kab-rdl(?} S<-h. needle-case, Kab-mig eye of a needle, Kdb- miy-tu skud-pa ^ug-pa or ryyiid-pa to thread a needle; pra-Kdb a small needle, sbom-Kdb, mo-Kdb Dzl., fa Kdb W., blo-tJdb W., Kab -rul W. a large, thick needle, packing-needle; Kab-spt'i bristle Sik.; Kab- Icn (rdo) loadstone, magnet. 'C'Tl* Kab-td-ka col. knapsack, pouch. 'oi' Kdb-le (or las?) W. difficult. ' Kabs n. of a disease Med. 39 I' am le<(i--yoit /earn 1 . a bit, a small piece of any- thing, feam-euri a small bit, Kam-ydit, l'-(im )'(/;/ a mouthful, leam-fsdd-du ycdd-pa to cut 'in the size of bits' Dzl (infernal punishment); Kam-zdn a mouthful of food Mil.: ccw Innn j'c/'g id. 3. W., ('. ap- petite, *-d-<r-l feam yon* W. I get an appetite for eating; * learn dig son* W. I have no appetite; Kam-loy want of ap- petite, nausea, aversion (Cs. also: hatred); *leam-loy-pa* inclined to nausea, easily sickened C. ; *Kam-l6cj-Kati* W. id.; *Kam- Kdm co dug, nyi/i Kam-Kdm co dug* (with la) W. he has a desire, a longing for, perh. only provincial pronunciation for rkdm-pa. 'tm-Kiim high and low Sc/n: (?) ' Kam-ddr walnut Sch. Kdm-pa 1. fox-coloured, sorrel, brown- ish. 2. porcelain-clay, china-clay. 3. Tanacetum tomentosum, a very arom- atic plant, frequent on high mountains. Kam-fior a cup made of dough, used as a lamp in sacrificing. Kam-bir (perh the Ar.-Hd. ,AP leaven) thick bread-cakes leavened with butter-milk Ld. Icdm-bu 1. apricot B., C., Kdm-bui fsi-yu the stone of ah apricot; %am-bu-mdr the oil pressed out of apricot- stones, smelling and tasting of bitter al- monds Med.; mna-ris kdm-bu dried apri- cots, v. pd-tiit. 2. peach Sik. -- 3. v. Kam. ra^TZTpJOT Kam-yydySch. cherries, morels; these not being known in Ti- bet, the word must be either of Khotan or Chinese origin, or else the signification of 'stones of apricots' is to be adopted, as given in Wts. Kams (Ssk. \JT?T) 1. physical con- stitution of the body, state of health, learns bde ba healthy constitution, good health; rye-btsun-gyi fea/ttH bde Jdg*- x<(/n ! is your Reverence well? asks a lay- man, and the Lama answers: na st'n-tu bde; I'yed l, : ams bde-am? I am quite well: are you well? Mil.; W. more frq.: */>////- :<h't-]>o*, C. also team sd/i. good health; /, : <itiix-rini/(i Mrd., ace. to Tx. nausea, feel- ing sick; Kam-sfaSch.: rest, comfort, health, prob. more accurately: recreation, recovery, restoration (of health), so: /v///>.s .so'.s-y^//- (/'jut' Mil.; sometimes it seems to be a synonym of lus, body, Kant* dfili-jiti //'//- ba to recreate the exhausted body Mil.nt. fig.: fnod-sems-mM-pai I'ams sas ce the peaceable disposition predominates Sty. 2. (synon. of yul) empire, realm, territory, domain; yid-kdms empire, in a geographi- cal and political sense, e.g. Nepaul Glr.; ryyal-Kdms 1 . for rgydl-poi learns kingdom, lea-ba-can yyi rayal-ledms the kingdom of Tibet. 2. for rgydl-bai Kams the empire of Buddha, the world; ryyal-Kdms c y rim- pa to roam over the kingdoms, the coun- tries Mil.', region, dominion, bar-sndn-gyi learns the aerial regions, where the lha live Pth.\ in physiology: M/r/.s-/"// le'tntm the dominion of bile Med.; /earns ysum the three worlds ace. to Buddhistic spe- culation, viz. the earth with the six heavens of the gods, as the 'region of desire', ^lod- pai Kams; above this is the 'region of form', yzitys-kyi Kams, and ultimately fol- lows the 'region of formlessness', yzugs- med-pai /earns. 3. element (syn. J>yiu't- ba), Kams druy the six elements of some philosophical systems, consisting, besides the four elements familiar to us, also of ndm-mKa and rnam-ties, the ether and the substance of the mind. In chronology, in naming the single years of the cycle, five elements are assumed, which (according to Chinese theory) are wood, fire, e;irtli. iron, water. --4. p.n. Khams. Great Ti- bet, the parts between tl and China; smad-mdo-Kams-sgoit ysum the low-land, the three provinces Do, Kham, and Gong, cf. miia-ris; ledms-pa a man from Khams. v. Ied-r1xdt't. s .-. ttr-fot steatite, soapstone, prob. = d/e<tr-f/o/i. 40 ' Kar-rkydn " Icar-rkydil v. Ea-rkydA. * Kar-rtsdfi v. h'a-rtsdii. -P<* or "- 1 sar-pa-na n. of a deity G7/\; Tar. p. 110 gives a (rather absurd) legend concerning the origin of the name. leal 1. (cf. sgal) burden, load, Jcal Ji'yer-ba to carry a burden; Kdl-gyi sten-du on the top of the luggage Glr.; /,'al c gel-ba to load a burden, to put a load upon, tfal Jbogs-pa to take off the burden, to unload; load, freight; as a fixed quantity, lug-tfal a sheep - load, bdn-fcal load of an ass; o brui Kal a load of corn. - 2. bushel, a dry measure = 20 bre; therefore = a score or 20 things of the same kind; in W. *tfal-yci(/ frq. for nyi- su, also with respect to persons; ysor-lcal a 'measuring-score', 20 bre, actually mea- sured, as is usual with corn; Q degs-Kal a 'weighing-score', the weight of 20 points on the steel-yard (rgya^ma), in weighing wood, hay, butter etc. Kdl-Ka n. of a Mongol tribe, Khal-ka. Kal-K6l stunned, insensible Tligy. mQt-Tqn- Kal-cdg the best sort of wool for ' manufacturing shawls, coming from Jang-thang. ftul-p a 1- wether, castrated ram. - 2. sow-thistle, Sonchus. Rdl-ma beast of burden, sumpter- mule B., C. Jcdl-ma-rnams bzdn-la skyel-ba to drive beasts of burden to the pasture, to turn them on grass-land Glr.; Schr.; *mi ];al nyis-kyi la* C. payment for carriers and beasts of burden; though in W. it might be understood as: payment for twice twenty men. * Kal-ri, fcal-ru, also Ka-ri, Jca-ru twenty bushels. Has instr. of fca; Jcas-len-pa etc. v. fca, 4; kas-skd/i = Kd-skon, q.v.; kas- std/e. with an empty stomach; Kas-dmdn, kas-zdn, weak, poor. mom* Ku-tsur P"&7 numerical figure: 32. pq' Kiu C.: *Hyiu* a cutting-out knife. Pfcu 1. numerical figure: 62. 2. for ^ Uu-lu (?) Lil Ku-guCs. '1. uncle. 2. an address'(?) Ku-tu a hut, cottage, constructed of l^ NO branches LA. Ku-nu p. n. Kunawar, also Bissahar, country on the upper Sutledj, bord- ering on Tibet, and inhabited in the northern part by Tibetans. Here are situated Ka- nam, a monastery with a considerable collection of Tibetan books, and Poo, a missionary station of the Church of the United Brethren, founded 1865. Jcu-ba 1. fluid, liquid, also (but less frq.) Ku-cu; Ihuit-bzed bkriis-pai Ku- ba, the fluid in which a beggar's bowl has been washed Tar. ; Kn'ts-Ku dish- wash, swill Tar.; Jbrds-Ku Cs.: rice-soup, ScJir.: rice-water; sin-l'u, rtsd-Ku the sap of trees, of plants Cs.; sd-thi broth, gravy; mdr-lcu melted butter. - - 2. semen virile, tfu-ba byin-pa emittere semen; fiu-Krdg the mix- ture of the semen with the uterine blood, by which process, ace. to Indian physio- logy, the fetus is formed, Mcd., Ssk. ~q%^. Ev-bo uncle, on the father's side B. and C.; pa-Ku father and uncle; ku- dbon and Ku-fsdn uncle and nephew. But owing to polyandry, the degrees of kindred lose their precision, in as far as all the brothers that have become the husbands of one wife may be called 'father' by the children. Ku-byff B-, also Ku-gyty and y u< J- cuckoo, called byd-yi rydl-po and described as a sweetly singing bird, whence prob. Cs. has conjectured nightingale, \vhich however is scarcely known in Tibet. - Ku-byug-rtsd n. of a medicinal herb. ra'XTcn* Ku-^ndg Lh. purse, money-bag, col. !J ' for Kug-ma. _._. ftu-fsur Cs. the clinched hand, fist, ^ ^ Hu-fsur snun-pa (Sch. also rgydb- pa) to strike with the fist. This signifi- Jcu-yu F 41 Kur cation, however, seemed not to be known to the Lamas consulted, who interpreted the word: a religious gesture, the fore- finger being raised, and the others drawn back. Some native dictionaries have ^fs fist, others Tcf^ofi half-closed fist. Icu-yu, in C. also *'a-yu*, hornless, >0 having no horns, used of cattle Sch. rar k'u-lu 1. the short woolly hair of the yak. 2. Lh. : venereal disease, syphilis. Ku-le Sch.: steel-yard and its weight; but Dzl. TV, 17 the word refers to an ordinary pair of scales and denotes that scale of the two which contains the weights. rasn'>rarTKr Ruff* ^ U 9 S corner > concave 1^ ' 1^ ' angle, nook; of rivers, lakes etc.: creek, bay, gulf, cove, also m-/%; Uii<j-fu within a recess, on the farther side of a cavity. Jfug-ta Cor rta), a-li-Kug-ta, a kind ,of swallow Cs.; the lights (lungs) of this bird are used as a remedy against pulmonary diseases, Med. Rug-md and Kug-snd fog, mist, haze, during a calm, esp. in spring-time. ^'9~P a I s^sk 1. Cs.: "part of a long period of time" (?) 2. a certain part of the body Med. II. vb. 1. also Kugs-pa, to call = giig-pa Mil. (cf. also yyan). 2. to find; get, earn; nw Itif/s-pa-an srid there is a possibility that we may yet replenish our cash Mil. nt.; ynyid Kugs-pa to get sleep ; sran ysum Hugs, it drew i.e. weighed three ounces. [Ejcn'iST ^ u ff~ ma P ou ch, little bag, me-lcags- l^ ' kug-ma tinder-pouch Mil.; dnul-Kug money-bag, purse ; *rdzon-K'ug* Pur. knap- sack; rtsdm-Kug, resp. zib-Kug, little bag for flour; nu-Kug sucking-bag, for babies. pj-. fatii hole, pit, hollow, cavity, originally 5J used only of dark holes and cavities; sna-Kitn nostril. ma-Run the ear-hole, mean- Kit n arm-hole, arm-pit; bi'ag-Kun cleft in a rock, cavern; byi-Huii mouse-hole; cab- Kun a sink; bso-Kitn peep-hole; mda-Kiin loop-hole; in C. *'i-Kun, mag-Rim, are used of any hole in walls, clothes etc., caused by decay or daily wear, ytor-l'in'i a sink, gutter; Kun-dregs soot of an oven or chimney Sch.; Kiin-pa, fa'tri-po Cs. a large hole, kiin-bu a small hole, e.g. spui Kiin-bu pore, passage of perspiration DzL Ku/ts 1. the original meaning perh. is mine, pit C's. 2. origin, source (fig.), yyoi Runs snubs, he stopped the source of the deceit Ld.-Glr. Schl. 13, b. Knits-can, and prob. of similar meaning Kuns-btsun, of noble descent, or when ap- plied to statements etc.: well founded; Cs. also fine, excellent; Kuns-med, Kuris nan-pa having no 'origin', mean, pitiful, ill founded; in the last sense it seems to be used of historical accounts, Tar. 43, 5, and more esp. of religious records Pth., Glr.; ytam- tcuns Tar. 66, 18, prob.: historical source, record, document; in Pth. facetiously: ftam-Kuns can yin the source of that speech is beer. rqj-. lend coat-lap, or any cloth serving in Q^ an emergency as a vessel; */cu' ze'* hold forth the lap of your coat, words frequently used to beggars, to whom the alms, chiefly consisting in flour, are poured into that receptacle, C. Kud-pa pocket, pouch Sch. /cud-ma side, edge Cs.; Kud-du aside, apart, secretly; Jcud-du Jog -pa to put, to lay aside. Kun-ti, or *Kyen-ti*, is stated to be used in Pur. for he, she. "5J" Mn-pa to grunt (Sch.: to groan). Kun-lm Glr. 97, 12? Kum(s) v. O gum-pa-, Kums-pa, crooked. Kums Sch.: so it is said; Mil.: 16- tsfsa-bai snydn-pa rgydh-nas kums might be rendered: the interpreter's re- nown was proclaimed from afar; the word, however, is of rare occurrence. n^. Kur 1. burden, load, for men, more fully: mi-fatr ; fa'tr-xt. i/ed-pas O fso-ba zig 3* 42 T Kur-ba Ko one that lives by carrying loads Tar. 2. rarely porter, carrier of a load; Kur-po load, burden; Mr-bu, col. *Kur-ru* prop, a small load; a load in general; Kiir-pd car- rier, cooly; fcur-rtsd, Mr-ldm cooly-station, a day's journey, gen. 10 to 12 English miles; Kur-rtsd-pa a station-cooly. _-._. p_j~q. Kur-ba, c Mr-ba 1. sbst. "X, & * bread, food, Sch. also forage, fodder. It is, however, not the common word for bread, but only for cer- tain sorts, such as bra-Mr, bread of buck- wheat, rtsabs-Kur q v., and more particu- larly it is applied to cakes and pastry- work baked in fat or oil. 2. vb. v. Mr-ba. inr'xr fnJs'&JCfSJY Mr-ma, Kur-mdn(s) 1^ ' lo dandelion 6'., used as a pot-herb and medicinal plant; as the former it is also called Kur-fsod. Kur-fsos C. and B. cheek, the ruddy part of the face below the eyes (cf. c grdm-pa); *Kur-tsog W. nq. Ml 1. Sch.: "the soft down of furs", 1^ abbreviation of Ku-lu; Kul-mal small basket for wool Ts. 2. ravine Kun. 3. district, province, domain; lhd-sa Ml all that belongs to Lhasa Georgi Alph., *dei Kul-la O dug* is subject to him C. mor$r Kul-ma the bottom, or the side of !,.> a thing Cs. p* Ke numeral, ninety-two, 92. ra* in* fo> Kye (Sch. : Ke-ma) 1. profit, gain ; Ke-sp6gs B. and 6'., *Ke-bed* W. id.; fce-tsdn byed-pa to trade, to traffic Pth.; ses-fcyi Ke gain, advantage obtained by knowledge and attainments; Ke-pa trades- man, dealer; fson- c dus fee -pa trader in a market Mil.; fce-nyen Sch.; profit and loss, risk; Ke-sgrub-pa Cs., *Kye-bed fob-ce* W., to make profit, to gain, Ke brgydb-pa, to make a good bargain Sch.; *Ke-ru O do-wa* C. to abate, to go down in price ; * fee-can, fce-me'*, profitable, unprofitable; *Kye-mo* W. cheap. 2. tetter, herpes, ringworm (eruption of the skin) Sch. Kegs v. Kegs. Kens-pa l.partic. of O fcens-pa, filled, replete with. 2. adj. puffed up, proud, haughty, arrogant; sbst. pride etc.; Keits-sems, Kens-dregs pride. Kehs-po Med. with reference to food: producing flatulence. Ken-pa 1. Schr. worm- wood, prob. erron. for Kdm-pa. 2. Sch.: to lean, to repose on, erron. for bfcdn-pa. Kebs, col., W.: *Kyebs*, Cs.: Kebs^ma covering, coverlet: *feeb sdn-pa*, to take the covering off C. ; cdr-Kebs a cover- ing against rain, rain-cloak; steii-Kebs, Icog- fcebs, table-cloth 6s.; fod-Kebs Lt. cap, hood; ydun-Kebs, a certain beam or board above the capital of a pillar; ydon-Kebs, veil, cloth to cover the head; *dun-Kyebs* W. apron; *pan-Keb* C. napkin, apron. Kem \. fey em. Ker-rgyag-pa, to defraud ; to usurp Sch. w Kel-ba prob. for tcel-ba, to load upon; bio feel- ba is said to be used in C. for bio skyel-ba W., v. skyel-ba no. 6. fees -ny en the day before yester- day Sch. Kes-pa C. to hit, O fsdms-la (or mfsdms-la?) to hit the right thing, the exact point or line; yndd-la to strike the vital parts, to hit mortally, fatally, gf Ko 1. numeral, 122. 2. Bal fy'o*) for Ka-ba, bitter. j^ Ko pers. pron. of the third person, he, she, it, but almost exclusively in col. language. In ancient writings it occurs but rarely, being either omitted or sup- plied by de, but in later works that come nearer to the present language, it is to be found the more frequently, feoi his, her; *K6-pa, Ko-wa* plur. they, W. and 6'., v. Georgi Alph., in an edict; * Ko-cag, feo-fso* id. C.; *K6^wanyi* W., both of them: Ko- ran 1. he himself. 2. he, = *Ho* col.; with par tic.: Ko dd-ci snon la son-ba de, Mil., he that just went on in advance, preceded in front. Note. The word prob. has been ori- ginally a sbst., denoting essence, substance Ko-ti (like no -bo)', md~-ko, yzi-Ko, rgyu-Ko are said to be used in C. for: the essential, the most important part of a thing, the main point, and the noun substantive may possibly have changed into a substantive pronoun, in a similar manner, as na, I, is connected with no -bo; cf. also K6-na, K6-bo. Ko-ti C. (Chinese?) tea-kettle. Eo-fdg ycod-pa c. termin. to despair of Ml; to resign, to acquiesce in, to reconcile one's self to; also sems Ko-fdg ycod pa Pth. K6-na adj. and adv. 1. just, exactly, the very, rgydl-pos O dod-pa k'o-na yin that is just what has been wished for by the king DsL /J^- 17. srid-ma K6-na bzin- du just as before; O di Ko-na yin-par nes he is evidently the very same (man) Mil.; srin-bu K6-na O drd-ba just like a worm Thgy.; fsul de fco-nas by the very same process Tar. 13, 12; de Ko-na nyid-du gyur cig just so may it happen! (at the con- clusion of a prayer) Glr.; but de-Ko-na- nyid, as a philosophical term, is also the translation of the Ssk. tdttva, essentiality, truth, implying to the Buddhist nothing but vacuity, the Nirvana Trig. 20. 2. only, solely, exclusively, skdd-cig /co-na, only for a moment Dzl. W%, 12. O dod /co-nas brel na, if taken up merely with lust: sems- can K6-na bde-bar O dod-tsa-na as he in- tended only the welfare of beings Thgy.; Tar. m m f K6-bo mas., K6-mo fern. pers. pron. 1 st. person, I, pi, Ko-bo-cag we, .indiscri- minately as to the rank of persons, B. and C.; mi K6-boi rnam-ses the soul of me the man, i.e. my human soul Mil.; also pleon. K6-bo na. /co-bom, the Tibetan name for Khat- mandu, the capital of Nepaul Glr., Mil.; sometimes also called klui po-brdn, prob. on account of the mineral treasures supposed to abound in that country. 43 ? perh. misprinted for Vom knap- sack, wallet Mil, or else a secondary form of that word. Ko-yyu, occurs only in *Ho-yu skor- ce (perh. col. for Jtor-yyM) W. to thrash, which is done by driving a number of oxen fastened together round a pole that stands in the middle of the thrashing- floor. r^^. K6-ra, Cs. also K6r-sa, circumference; circumjacent space; also fence, sur- rounding wall; K6-ra ttor-yug-tu, (Kor-) Kor- yug-tu, in a circle, in circumference, frq. in measuring ; also round about, all round, e.g. to flow, to encompass; Kw-yug kun- tu in the whole circuit, round about. rzfojcn* fo-ldg 1- t's.: bigness, robustness ' (Lex. TftWTf ), Ko-ldg-ydrts-pa big, prominent limbs; Sch. : Ko-ldg ce-ba& large space. 2. Lh.; dumpling, made of rtsdm- pa and beer; Ld.: pap of rtsdm-pa and tea, called spags in C. OT- Kog 1. frq. for Kon(-pa), the interior, ' inside ; v. also K6g-pa and K6g-ma. 2. for Kogs, Jcogs q.v. 3. for c gegs-pa. rnm'Zr K6g-pa, sometimes K6g-ma, Kog, the trunk of the body, sa-K6g the body of an animal cut up for food ; *sa-K6g ddl- ce, sig-ce* to cut up a carcass; *'K6g-tu, Kog nd/t-du* within the body. j^-.j... Kog -ma C. pot, earthen vessel = pru; Kog-cen large pot. p$n^|* Kogs cough Med., K6gs-pa to cough. g^r- Kon, rarely K6n-pa, pers. pron. 3d. person, he, she; like / r o it is of far less frequency in the earlier literature than in the later; at present it is in W. used as the respectful word for he, but in C., ace. to Lewin, as plur., = they; K'dn-gi his, her; pi. K6n-mams, Kon- cog, Kdn-fso, Kdii-huj- rnams; Kon-rdn and Koh-nyid he himself; rgydl-po Kon-rdn yin dgoiis-nas the king supposing that he himself was meant Glr. ffir-q' Ron-pa 1. prov. for K6n-pa. 2. the inside, inward parts, prov. K6g- pa (Cs. also: the veins); Kon-du, Koii-iut, Mn-nas adv. and postp. in, within, from 44 within, Out Of; kon-du (also kons-su) cud-pa or fsud-pa, with or without sems (resp. fugs) being prefixed I . impressed on, fixed in the mind, thoroughly understood, known. 2. very restless, uneasy, sorry, anxious in one's mind; kon-du sdu-ba to impress on the memory, to learn (by heart) Glr.; kon-nas snyin pyun-ba Itar as if their heart was torn out, Pth.; snyin k&n riis-pai dkyil-nas ysol-ba btab he prayed from his inmost heart Thgy. ; kon-nas ses-pa, smrd- ba to know by heart, to say, recite by heart C's. *kog-la yid-du med* W. I have no recollection of it; kon-pai drod-la pan it helps against internal heat Med.; koii- par son-bai dug bzin-no it is like a poison that has entered into the internal parts (or the veins) TJigy.; *kog- j pankan-pa* , a bad character W., *kog^pa cen-ww* W. ge- nerosity, magnanimity (?) Comp. kon-krdg, the blood contained in the veins 6s. kon-kro (-ba) wrath, anger; kon-kro spon-ba Mil. to put away, subdue anger, *zd-ba* C. to 'conceive' anger, take a dislike; kon-mi-kro-ba quiet, calm, mild Pth. *kog-(ng* col. uneasiness, sorrow, anxiety; kog-t'ug foe'-pa* C., *co- ce* W. to be uneasy, anxious. kon-gdn full, filled up in the inside, solid, koii- stoit hollow, tubular. *kog-fen, kog-den*, W. grudge, ill-will, hatred. kon-fsil suet. - *k'on-log* W. cholera. *kog-sin* W. 1. the core of a tree, heart-wood. 2. tenon. - *kog-wgs* a groan, sigh W., *kog-sugs tdn-ce* to sigh, to groan. *kog-siibs-la sil-ce* W. to read low, softly, whisperingly ; *kog-sil tdn-ce* W. to read noiselessly, so as not to be heard. koii-(-)-)sen inner ca- verns, not opening to the daylight; (those of the Rirab are the habitations of the Lha- ma-yin or Asura). j^^y koiis 1. sbst. (kons-ma Cs.?) the middle, the midst; gans-koiis-na in the midst of alpine snows Mil. ; respecting time: zdg bdun-gyi kons-su within, during, seven days Pth., Tar.; respecting money: de nyid-kyi koits-na ynds-so, (this) is contained, K6l-po included in that (sum) Tar. 53, 15; kons-su ytogs-pa Lex., Cs.: annexed to, united, in- corporated with. 2. adj. crooked; W.: *kons ca dug* it is bent, curved, e.g. paper by heat, the limbs by the gout; *ko-ns- kan* W., *kon-ril* C. crippled. rar- kod I. v. Ji6d-pa and ^god-^pa. II. inst. of Jcod. jgy-q' /con-pa anger, grudge, resentment; kon c dzin-pa, kon-du O dzin-pa to hate, *kon-la hur-ce* W. id. ; *kon-gug-ste ddd-ce* W. ("to sit waiting with hatred") id.; *kon-ber* W., the sting, the burning of anger or hatred in the soul. ggj- Kob 1. fat, heavy, clumsy Sch. 2. sometimes for Jcob. 3. v. Q pebs-pa. m^j- kom wallet, leather trunk C., Cs. : felt or skin bag; yzims-kom Cs. id. (prob. resp.); kom- c bog Cs. a cloak-bag; more accurately: the cloth in which the trunk is wrapped and carried by the porter. kom-pa Schr.; to be able, esp. to be enabled to do a thing by the absence of external impediments; kom-pa mm Cs., *kom-ce mi rag* W. I have no time, I cannot do it now; sdod mi kom I cannot sit and wait now Pth. ; mid mi Kom-par without your having time to swallow it down Dzl. TV , 17. mi-kom- pa brgyad, the eight obstacles to happiness, caused by the re-birth in places or situa- tions unfavourable to conversion Triq. no. 66. Ace. to Schr. the word is also used in that special sense: to be able to carry on a law-suit, to which there are likewise eight obstacles. kor-mo-yug Sch., kor-yug, kor- sa v. ko-ra; kor-yug-tu conti- nually, incessantly Mil. kol Cs. = kol-bu; kol-du pyun-ba, abridgment, epitome Cs. Itil-pa 1. Cs. boiled. 2. Sdi. boil- ing, bubbling, zans kol- pa a bub- bling kettle Dzl. kol-po, also kol-brdn, servant, man- servant, kol-por r)es-su bzuh-ba to 45 Kydb-pa take, to hire for a servant Pth.; frq. fig. sems-kyi /col-por yda (the body) is a ser- vant of the mind Mil.; yiq-rten srid-pai K6l-po a servant of the world i.e. of mam- mon Mil. Bol-bu a sma " piece, M-bu nyun- c bru tsam ziy kyaii ma lus Pth. not so much as a grain of mustard seed is left. TOOTS]" K6l- ma 1 . Cs. 'anything boiled' ; perh. more accurately: Anything boiling, cu Sol-ma boiling water; duy-mt'so Kol-ma a boiling lake of poison. 2. Sch.: an outlet for the smoke in a roof. M-mo 1. maid-servant B. 2. a coarse sort of blanket usually given to slaves Schr. 3. mowed corn, a SwathG'. /cos v. yes-pa. J" Kos-pa wished for, wanted Sch. %-& Cs., */cd-le* W., as much as fills the hollow of the hand, a handful, e.g. of water. to lift, v. Jcyoy-pa. men.'^j ,*j* fy d 9( s )"P a 1- frozen; ice. 2. the frost, cold, Hydg-fog-Kar on the ice Glr.; tiydy-pa J?ydy-pai bod-yul 'Tibet frozen up with frost' Pth.; *Kydy- la jar (v. byor-ba) *son* W. it has stuck fast by freezing. *Kyay-zu-ko-ko* Ts. mud caused by a thaw, snow-water. - * Kydy-sran-can* W. hardened against the cold. Kyag-rum, Kyay-rom ice, pieces of ice, floating blocks of ice (also $ab-rom); cf. Jfyag-pa. mr- Kyad 1. difference, distinction B., C., " ' W. *yan tdn-na Kyad med* W. it is no matter which you give me; nd-dan- prad-pa dan tfyad-mcd-do it is quite the same as if they came to myself; scms-la Kyad byun a difference of opinion arose. />'yad-\cos mark of distinction. 2. something excellent, superior, bzoi fy(1, bzo- kt/d<l an excellent work of art Glr.; bsyrub- pai llyad yon prob.: it shall be instantly performed in the very best manner /'///. Kyad-nor the principal or chief wealth Cs. Kyad-dnn the principal sense Sch. 3. syllable employed to form abstract nouns. A transition to such formations appears in the following sentence: dk-<ir- nay-cos-kyi ce-Kydd blta Mil. we wish to examine the difference of greatness or worth of the white and the black religion; so also whenever a certain measure is given, and in general, when such abstract nouns are used in a relative sense, as: mfo-Kydd height, zab-Kydd depth, fyug-Kydd wealth. 4. part, division, the same as Ky del-par 2; *sa-ttydd* W. place, corre- sponding exactly to *sa-ca* C. Derivatives. *kye > -fsar-cen* = no-mfsar- can wonderful 6'. tfydd-du adv. espe- cially, particularly, Kydd-du ^pays-pa par- ticularly (uncommonly) lofty, sublime Glr. Uydd-par adv. = Icydd-du Glr. 50, 7, and more frq. sbst.: 1. difference, dissimilarity B. and 6'., na dan Kyod ynyis Kydd-par- ce I and you that is a great difference Glr. ; de dan kydd-par-ma-wicis-pai rfen an image not differing from this Glr.; min-yi Kydd-par yin it is (only) a diffe- rence of name Glr. 2. sort, kind, Jbrds- bui Kydd-par kun all sorts of fruit; ri- dvdys-kyi Kydd-par ziy a particular kind of game; perh. also: division, part, yul-yyi Kydd-par province Tar. 3. 14. 3. = Kyad 2. something of superior qualities, an excellent ma.n Tar. y, 7. Kydd- par- can superior, excellent, capital, bld-ma K-yad- par-can cig Mil an excellent spiritual teacher; Kydd-par-du adv. particularly, chiefly, especially. Rather obscure as to its literal sense, but of frq. use is the phrase Kydd-du ysud-pa, ysdd-pa, c. accus. but also dat., to despise, e.g. dmd-la an inferior, ryyu-Jbrds the doctrine of retri- bution, nyon-mons-pa trouble etc. 1^" Kyab v. Kydb-pa. - %<%> to fill, penetrate; to embrace, comprise, c. accus., also dat., mi- ) tsd/'t-bas Kyab-pai sa-pyoys a place full of dirt Thyy.; O brum-pa md/i-pos full of, quite covered with pustules, pocks Med.; ////m- 46 Kyab-jfy pas filled, impregnated with bile Mcd.; lus sems dga-bdes Kydb-par gyur-nas body and soul (filled with) full of joy Glr.; bar Kydb-pa to fill up an intermediate space; to make (a country etc.) full of light, re- ligion, happiness, frq.; fams-cdd-la drin- gyis to embrace all creatures with bene- volence; kiin-la Kyab-pa in grammar: capable of being joined to any word, com- prising all of them, Glr. ; Kyab-ce-ba com- prehensive; used also in the way of cen- sure : everywhere and nowhere , to be met with everywhere Mil.; Kyab-ydal or rdol comprehensive, extensive. Kyab seems also to be a sbst. in Kyab-ce-ba, and still more so in rgya bod yons Kydb-tu grdgs- pa-la according to what is spoken in the whole compass of India and Tibet Tar. 87. fyab-jug Vishnu, a Brahmanical divinity, appearing, like Brahma aud Shiva, also in Buddhist legends, yet principally known in his quality as yza- sgra-ycan- dzin (Rahula), conqueror of the demon that threatens to devour sun and moon; hence kyab-jug-yzer Med., *Kyab- i nad* W., *ra-hu-le ne* C., epilepsy. Kyams Cs., Sch. yard, court-yard, Cs. also gallery. It is, like fsoms, a space that is to be found in many Tibetan houses, and may be compared to the com- pluvium of the Romans, being open in the middle, and on the sides generally enclosed by verandas, Kyams may there- fore be called court-yard, when it is on the same level with the ground, (so also perh. Tar. 89, 4, reading fyams-su for Jcyatm-su) ; but in the upper stories such a construction is unknown in European architecture. Kyams-stod the upper court- yard, Kyams-smdd the lower one; Kyams- foris Cs.: 'impluviuro'. Kyams Cs. : p. n. = Kams, v. learns 3. rrp-q- Rom* Kydms-pa,Kydr- pa, Kydl-pa v. Jfydms-pa, etc. nr Kyi dog, Kyi rmug B. and C.; the dog ' bites, W.: barks; *so tab* W.; bites; kyim *fam* W. lays hold of; fcyi bos -nets ma bi'duit proverb: if you call the dog, then you must not beat him G-lr. Kyi rkaii- ynyis Sch. 'a bastard dog, a cur' (?) Kyi-skdd the barking. Kyi-Kdii dog-ken- nel, fyi-gu a puppy. Kyi-rgdn an old dog. Kyi-riio the itch of dogs. Kyi- ddm 'dog's seal', a mark burnt in ; stigma C\, W. Kyi-dug poison of hydrophobia Sch. Kyi-mdiid-pa the pairing of dogs Sch. Kyi-pul dog -kennel, dog-house. - *fhji-pal~jor* W. Blitum virgatum. Kyi- spydn W. jackal. Kyi-po a male dog. Kyi-bm Sch. a vicious, biting dog. Kyi- sbrdn dog's fly. Kyi-mo a female dog, bitch. Kyi-smyon canine madnes, hy- drophobia 6'., W.; also mad dog = Kyi smyon-pa. Kyi-rdzi dog-keeper. Kyi- j-zon trough for dogs and other animals, manger. Kyi-sig flea. ^Kyi-gu 1. v. Kyi. - 2. W. bud (of ^ NO leaves and branches, not of blossoms), eye (of a plant). sw. Kyi-ra chase, hunting, esp. of single ^ huntsmen, not of a party; stable- stand, cf. lins; *kyi-ra-la cd-ce* W. to go a hunting, * Kyi-ra co-ce, gydb-ce, gyitg-ce* id.; *K.yi-ra-la cd-Kan* hunter, sportsman; K.yi~ra-ba B. and 6'., *Kyi-ra-pa* W. hunts- man. Kyi-ron p.n., v. skyid-gron. Kyi-la-wa^i a sort of treacle made of sen-Men Wdit. Kyig v. JSyig-pa. fa-. Kyid breadth of the hand with the Ml thumb extended, a span. nqT Kyim (Ssk. w^) 1. house, not as a "^ building, but as a dwelling-place of man, a home. Even when in Sik. they speak of *sin-Kyim, nyug-Kyim* a house of wood, of bamboo, the idea of habi- tation, dwelling-place predominates in these expressions. Kyim-na at home, Kyim^-du home (to go home); Kyim danl Kyim-na house for house, each in his house Tar. 151. 22; Kyim spo-ba to remove to an- other place; Kyim skyon-ba to have a house- Kyim 47 hold, to gain a livelihood; Kyim-gyi so-fsis household, housekeeping, farming; Kyim-gyi rig-pa knowledge, experience in house- keeping and farming; Kyim-med-pa home- less, without a home; therefore esp. as opp. to the life of a homeless and un- married priest: Kyim-gyi byd-baor las, 1. domestic business, 2. lay -life, worldly life; cf. also many of the compounds. Uyim-la ^on-ba, ytoii-ba to get married, to be given in marriage, respecting the fe- male part Glr.j MIL 2. the signs of the Zodiac, which is called Kyim-gyi Jcor-lo, viz. lug ram, ylari bull, Krig-pa (pairing) twins, kdrkata (Ssk.) crab, sen-ge lion, bu- mo virgin, sra/t balance, sdig(-pa) scorpion, yzu (bow) archer, cu-srin (sea-monster) Capricorn, bum-pa water-bearer, nya fishes. To these 12 signs however the correspond- ing Tibetan figures are not 9 to 9%, but o to ??, as seems to be the usage in astro- nomical science. There is moreover a di- vision into 27 'lunar mansions' much in use; v. rgyu-skdr. 3. double-hour, the time of two hours; or the twelfth part of the time of the apparent daily rotation of the heavens and consequently also of the zodiac, or, as we should say, the time of the passing of a sign of the zodiac through the meridian. 4. 6s.: halo, or circle round the sun or moon. 5. Symbolic numeral: 12. Comp. and deriv. Kyim-fdb(s) husband, frq. ; also wife; Kywn-fdb-la yton-ba to give in marriage, to give away a woman for a wife; Kyim-fdb-mo wife, housewife, Cs. Kyim - bddg master of the house, husband; owner of a house, citizen; Kyim- bddg-ma fern. -- Kyim-pa 1. layman, 2. 6s.: surrounded by a halo (Kyim 4); Kyim-pai pyogs-su sbyin-pa given away to laymen DzL; Kyim-par O dug or j-nas -he lives as a layman; pyis Icyim-pai fsul-can- gyi rndl-Jbyor-pa a devout man, who lives outwardly like a layman Mil. Kyim- pa-pa a houseowner, peasant, farmer, hus- band; Kyim-pa-ma housewife. Kyim bya domestic fowl, cock, hen, poultry W., C. Kyim-mi family of a house, household Cs. Kyim-f&dn id. Kyim-fser Glr. 51, 10, usually Kyim-mfses, Kyim-mfses-pa, fern. Kyim-mfses-ma neighbour. -- Kyim-zag^ Kyim-zld, Kyim-16 'a zodiacal day, month, year' (?) Cs. Kyim-sa earth, dust, dirt (in a house), sweepings W., *tfyim-sa du- ce, spufi-ce to sweep (a floor), to sweep together. \f Kyim-nya Sch.: whale (if at all correct, it must be taken as my- thological signification, no Tibetan having ever known of the existence of real whales). rq- Kyu, Kyu-bo Cs., fcyu-mo Pth. flock, herd, ^ lug-Kyu a flock of sheep, mdzo-mo-kyu a herd of bastard cows, yndg-Kyu of horn- ed cattle; Kyu skon-ba to keep, tend a flock or herd; company, band, gang, troop, mi-ltyu Cs. a company of men, bu-mo-Icyu a bevy of girls, dmag-Kyu a troop of sol- diers; Kyu-nas Jnid-pa to exclude from the company Pth., C.; fcyu-snd O dren-pa to go before, to take the lead of a troop, a flock Mil; kyu-mcdg bell-wether; also the most distinguished amongst a number of men, the first, chief, head Pth., Kyu-mcog-ma fern. ; Kyu fsdgs-pa vb.n., Sch. to collect, to gather in flocks. kyu Sch. 'ell', prob. incor. for Jfru. 15" ace. to Lex. = kit-hit. Kyug v. Jcyug-pa. mr' yun (Sch. also Kyuti-mo) the Garuda 3 bird, a mythical bird, chief of the feathered race, fcyun-sog-can Kyuri-dpyad a small round bas- ket of reed 6s.; Kyun-ril is said to be in C. a large cylindrical basket, the same as kun-diim Ld., v. rkon-pa. Vyun-sdei- ('Garuda claw') Med., Cs.: n. of a medicinal root, pseu- do-zedoary; Hyun-rgod Med. id (?). ]^' Kyud v. Jfyud-pa. Kyud-mo rim of a vessel Sch. K'^J* kyur-mid-pa 48 '" Ifyur-mid-pa to swallow Med.; yur-mid-du sdn-ste suffering himself to be swallowed (from the story of an Indian idol) Pth. |zpr kyus wall-side 7s. (?) fq- /eye 1. for tfyeu Mil. 2. for J>e q.v.; ^ kye-mo v. ke. R*5|* kye-ma n. of a disease JV/gc?. jnn- kyeu Cdiminutive of kyo-bof) 1. male *9 child, infant boy. 2. youth, adolescent 7?. jnc* fyedpers. pron. 2nd. person, thou, and ^ ' particularly in the plur. you, in B. eleg., in addressing superiors, but also used by superiors in speaking to inferiors, and even contemptuously: kyed ltd-bui md- rabs such vulgar, mean people, as ye are Dzl. kyed-kyi thy, your. fcyed-i'dn (kyed-nyid seems to be little used) thou thyself, you yourself; plur. particularly expressed: k'yed-cag, kyed-rnams, kyed-fso; dge-fsul kyed ynyis you two Getsuls Glr.; Kyed ysum-po you three (a mother speak- ing to her sons) Glr.; kyed-cdg you, when speaking to one person Glr., = nyid-cag. * kyed 1. = kyid W. 2. v. Jtyed-pa. kyen-ti Pur. he, she, v. kun-ti. . fcebs. jj. kyem (Sch. also Kern) a shovel, W.: , *kyem dan pdn-ce* to shovel away, to remove with a shovel; kuem-qiii dab- ' / c/7 O ma the blade of a shovel, yu-ba the handle of it Cs. gru-kyem, cu-kyem W. oar, Icags-Kyem spade; me -kyem fire-shovel; wa-Kyem a scoop, hollow gutter-shaped shovel Cs. ; Kyem-bu spoon Cs. -v P5^' kyer v. O kye-ba; Kyer-so v. O kyer-so. rtf kyo B. frq., also %o'-po Pth. 1. man ^ (seldom). 2. husband, %o byed-pa ('to act a husband' cf. byed-pa I. 1J to take a wife; kyod nai kyo mi byed-na if you do not marry me Dzl. kyo-med single, unmarried. kyo-mo wife Cs. kyo-siig husband and wife, married couple; kyo- |3* ^' a SM<7 ynyis grogs-nas son these two married people went together; kyo-sug mdzd-ba- rnams a loving couple; kyim-bdag Kyo-sug ynyis the citizen with his wife; )'ser-lha kyo-sug ynyis about the same as: Mr. and Mrs. Serlha; Kyo-sug-tu sdu-ba to join a couple in marriage Dzl. Kyo-ga 1. man emphatically, as: skyes-bu na hor-pa yan Kyo-ga yin we Turks are men, too; hero, kyo-ga-pa id. 3. heroic deed, exploit. kyog-po crooked, curved, bent; Cs. also cunning. kyog-fon (v. kyo-ga and foti) W. young man, youth. Kyogs litter, bier Pth., palanquin Cs. also scaffold (?) Cs. RC^* Kyon v. Kyon-ba. m^-- Kyodpers. pron. 2nd. person sing, and ^ ' plur., thou, you; Kyod-kyi thy, thine, your; if plurality is to be especially ex- pressed, it is done by adding cag: Kyod- cag Mil.; occasionally also kyod-rnams, cf. Kyed; kyod-rdn 1. thou thyself, you yourself. 2. thou, you (W. *Kyo-rdn*). mi- Kyon size, extension, width, circum- ' ference, area, height e.g. of Dzambu- ling Dzl., of the Sunieru Glr., of the lunar mansions or the zodiac Glr.; Kyon-ydns- pa a wide extent, kyon-ydns sa-yzi all the wide world (earth); kyon-sdom Cs. 1. nar- row-extent. 2. sum, contents. Kydn-nas thoroughly, Kydn-nas mi sdig-can thoroughly a sinner; Kydn-nas med not at all C. Kyom-Kydm 1. oblique, awry, ir- regularly shaped. 2. \. kyom-pa. mi- Kyor (Cs. kyor-pa) as much as fills P the hollow of the hand, a handful, cf. skyor; kyor gan, kyor re one handful, kyor do two handfuls. Kydl-ba v. Kydl-ba', kyos-ma C. = skyos-ma, skyds-ma. rn- Kra 1. a small bird of prey, sparrow- '^ hawk, falcon, used for hunting, also bya- Krd; Kra-zur Sch.: a species of eagles; Krd- pa falconer. 2. v. the following article. 3" Rrd-bo 49 kri'nn-i m-Ty Kni-bo perh. also Krci-mo piebald. t\v<>- '^ coloured, (not many-coloured, which is bkrd-ba); rgya-stdy-Kra-bo the streaked Indian tiger MiL; * fa-fa* C. id.; *fa~wo- pi-iro, fa-si-pi-si* W. id. (spelling un- certain); nag-Krd black -spotted, so that black is the predominating colour of the whole; dmar-lmi red-spotted, red being the predominating colour. - - The signi- fications of the various compounds of / /v/ have all a reference to the peculiar effect produced on the eye by the blending of two or more colours together, especially when seen from a distance; so: Kra-cam- mi' Glr. is said of a rainbow-tinted meteor, kra-lam-me MiL, (or lham-mc',) of a similar phenomenon, Jfra-cem-cem Pth. of a flight of birds; *ta-cdm-se, ta-cem-nw, ta-cem-se* ('., *cam-f (i.-f /w-wtf* La 7 ., *t a-$ig-ge' f a- c cig- f/e, f a-rog-ye* C., all these seem to be of nearly the same import. These com- pounds have also assumed the character of an adverb, signifying, together, altogether. It'ra-me-ri' A///, id. _.... tfrd-ma 1. Cs. register, index. 2. 6'. judicial decree. 3. a species of grain, ace. to Wdii. = mgyogs-nds a kind of barley growing and ripening within 60 days; v. nas. Ih'ag (in Bal. still pronounced *Kray* elsewhere Vogr*), 6s. : resp. sku-mfsal, blood; *t<al-idg, zan-idg* W. vulg. blood discharged by menstruation, from which, ace. to some authorities, * paii-t dg' !f blood of the childbed is to be distinguished; fZuii-Krdg healthy, nourishing blood Cs.; nad-l : rdy bad blood (. 's. : Krag ^don-pa, W. *ton-ce*, to bleed a person; ytdr-ba id. ; kr<j yi-od-pa to stop, to stanch the blood; limy cdd-pa vb. n. to cease to bleed, ces- sation of bleeding; *nyiit-td,g K6l-la rag* W. I feel my blood boiling, e.g. from ascending a steep hill; Krag ^dzdg-pa men- struation (the plain undisguised expres- sion): Krag cdq-pa clotted blood, gore ('*.; /, : rftf/-as-ce-ba plethoric Med. Comp. /.r</ - . / r /v///.s Mi.: agitation, flutter, orgasm of the blood. ttrdg-can bloody, e.g. ral-gri. Kray-ycod n. of a medicinal herb Me</.. Krag-Zags-rtd a 'blood- bred' horse, i.e. a real horse, opp. to a metaphysical one Mil. Krag- fun a class of terrifying deities Thgr. *fdy-futi-bu* W. leech. - 1> : r<ig-yz<>n W. rheumatic pain (?) Knnj-rn clotted blood (?) M<></. Icray-liii a clot of blood. kr(i<i-*<'>i- hemorrhage, bloody flux (?) Med. rarn'racn* ki'ay-Kriy one hundred thousand million, an indefinitely large num- ber Cs. ; ace. to L,e.r. = 1TO7T one million. cf. dkrigs-pa. krag-llruyCs. complicate, confused; Zam.: like a troop of fighting men, or like the loose leaves of a book. when out of order. Krag-Kr6g Lt.? T /raw v. krdd-pa Cs. stretched out; Krdd-por sdod-pa to sit (with the legs) stret- ched out (?). krdd-por skye-ba Wdii. a botanical term applied to the leaves of plants. nqn' tf- ra b shield , buckler; coat of mail, '^ scales Sc/t.; ace. to oral communi- cation the word in the first instance denotes scale (scale of a fish), and secondly coat of mail; consequently /crab-can 1. scaled, scaly. 2. mailed, armed with a coat of mail; fcrdd-mtcan armourer Glr. tfrab-tfrdb 1. a weeper, one that sheds tears on every occasion Sch. 2. MiL 92. 4? l-rdm-ka a cut, a notch (in wood), lines cut into wood so as to cross one another, as an ornament; krdm-siii a club-like implement, carved in the man- ner just mentioned, representing the at- tribute of a god. nyag-fcrdm a notch. /cram-pa I. ('. : a liar, xhi-btn- />!/<'</- pai /erdm-pa Ptfi.; Krdm-ma fern. Cs.; Ka-Krdm a lie Mil; Krdm-sems-can lying, mendacious Mil. II W.: 1. lively, brisk, quick, like boys, kids etc. (the con- trary of yUm-pa slow, indolent, apathetic); *t/im-pa co* W. a wish of good speed, ad- 4 50 T Krai dressed to one going on a journey, such as: good success! may all go well! 2. modest, attentive to the wishes of others, rnqr Krai (Lea\ ^r^f punishment) 1 . pun- ishment, chastisement for sins, visita- tion; in this sense the word is said to be used still, but much more frq. it signifies 2. tax, tribute, duty, service to be performed to a higher master; Ural sdu-ba to collect taxes, cjdl-ba, skor-ba to pay taxes, bkdl- ba to impose taxes; dnul-kral money-tax, tax to be paid in money, J>ru-Kral corn- tax, tribute paid in corn, til-mdr-Kral tax, tribute to be paid in sesame-oil. 8V Kri (Cs. Kri-ma), Kri-Krdg, Kri-fso ten "* thousand, a myriad, Kri pyed dan ynyis ] 5 000 ; nyi- fen 20 000 ; bzi- Kri 40 000 ; brgyad-Kri bzi-ston 84 000, a number frq. occurring in legends. nV Kri, also Kriu, seldom Kri -bo, resp. ^ bzugs-Kri, seat, chair; throne; couch; frame, sawing-jack, trestle etc ; *gya-fi* an Indian (Anglo-Indian, European) chair: cos -Kri a professorial chair, pulpit Pth., reading-desk, table for books, school-table; *nye-fi* (v. snye-ba) a contrivance to rest the head on when sleeping on the ground W. nydl-Kri, resp. yzim-Kri, bed-stead; sen-ge-Kri throne; Kri-la bsko-ba to raise on the throne; Kri-la c K6d-pa to preside, to hold the chair. As the Tibetans generally sit on the bare ground, or on mats, or carpets, chairs are rather articles of luxury. Comp. and deriv. Kri-ydugs po. the sun. Kri-paCs. a chairman; one sitting on a throne. Kri-~pdn 1. 6s.: the height of a chair, a high chair. 2. mcod-rten- gyi Kri-cpcir'i the same as ban-rim. Kri- mvn or mon Pth., Tar., prison, dungeon. "VV-s?V/, (iu-sin*, the common, plain word for chair. Kri-le-ba fear C. (?) Krig-Krig 1. so Krig-krtg byed-pa to gnash, grind the teeth Mil.; fzi'igs-po to shiver, shake with cold, terror, rage Mil. 2. col. for tig-tig. rarn^T ^ r *9* plentiful, abundant Sch.; za- ^6g Krigs-se silk-fabrics, silks, in abundance Mil.', Krigs-se gan quite full Sch. ; Krigs-se byed-pa to treat, to entertain plentifully Sch. mr- qms- K^, Jtrid, instruction, teach- ing ; Krid ^debs-pa to give in- struction, to instruct, tirid-pas-cog I am willing to give you instruction, you may have lessons with me Mil. ; Krid bsdd-pa to give instruction, to make admonitory speeches, to give parenetical lectures; Krid zdb-po thorough instruction; slu-tfrid in- struction to an evil purpose, seduction, v. slu-ba; sna-Krid Lex. guide, leader. Krid-mKan col. teacher. Krid-prug scho- lar, pupil. Kridr^pa v. c Krid-pa. Krims 1. right, not in the abstract sense in which the word is gene- rally understood with us, but in more or less concrete applications, such as administration of justice, law. judgment, sometimes also implying custom, usage, duty. Accordingly rgydl-po, or btsi'm-po Krims-med means an unjust king, an unprincipled priest or ec- clesiastic; Krims bzin-du, Krims dan mfim- par conscientiously, justly; in conformity with custom, duty, law; cos-Krims religious right, coming nearest to our abstract right; when, for instance, in Glr. king Srori- btsan-sgam-po says: rgydl-Krims cos-Krims- su bsgyur I have changed the right of a king into that of religion, he means to say: I have subjected my own absolute w r ill to the higher principle of universal right. A somewhat different sense conveys Glr. 97, 4: cos-Krims O jig-pai gros by as they conspired to extirpate the religious principle of administration. 2. law, dge- ba bcu dan Iddn-pai Krims a general law. founded upon the ten virtues Glr.; des cos-Krims daii rgydl-Krims ynyis ytdn-la pab, he regulated the spiritual and secular law Glr. 97, 1.; bka-Krims resp. law, as a collection of precepts, decree, command- ment; Icrims cd-ba to enact a law. to pub- lish a decree, frq. ; Krims sgrog-pa to pro- Rril 51 claim an edict; mfo-ba /trims -kyis ynon he limited the power of the nobility by laws Glr., Krints-yiy code of law C. ; Kritus also a single precept, rule, commandment Dzl; Burn. I, 630. 3. administration of justice, cos-kyi Krims the ecclesiastical, dpon-yyi Krims the secular civil, exercised by the Krims -dpon; liiys ynyis-kyi Krims a twofold jurisdiction, a combination of the ecclesiastical and secular administration of justice (as it existed among the Jews); krinis srun-ba to observe, to act according to, right, custom, duty; also to exercise jurisdiction, to goyern, to reign; to bridle, to keep in check Glr. 95. 9.; Krims byed- pa id. ni f. fsul-Krims a spiritual pre- cept or duty ; also a frequent man's name. - 4. action, lawsuit, W. also *fim-sdys* or only *says; yan ziy tim-si pi-la* W. for the sake of some law-suit, *fim tdn- ce* to sit in judgment, to try, to hear causes; *fim erf -pa* C. = *tim td/t-cc* W., means also to pass sentence, to punish, *tim dag- po to/i-wa* to inflict a heavy punishment; mi -la Krims -bead poy he incurs, suffers punishment Pth.; *fim zu-ce* W. to go to law, to commence an action; *tim zu- KIIH* W. plaintiff; *(im tun-Kan* W. ma- gistrate, judge; Krims -dpon B., C., W., superior judge, chief-justice; */' im-kyi duy- po* C. id.; Krims-yyuy apparitor, beadle r.s. ; krimx-pa lawyer, advocate Cs. (seems to be little used); Krims-Kan court, court of justice, tribunal; Krims-ra id. ; place of execution. 5. use, custom, usage that power to which people in general show the readiest obedience, and which in every sphere of life forms the greatest obstacle to reforms and improvements. ffril v. Jcrtt. Ki'i*! K'ris-j('njs peace, v. Jays. rjv Km (/cru-ma Cs.) cubit, a measure of b eighteen inches, from the elbow to the extremity of the middle finger. The aver- age height of a man is assumed to be four cubits, that of a short man three. Km c)dl-ba to measure with a cubit mea- sure Cs. lh-a-ba sometimes for Jcru-ba. Kru-yz<ir a kind of stew-pan Sch. kru-sl<>g a pit filled with corn (?) Sch.; in Mil. Kru-sloy-pa stands for digging, breaking up the soil, gardening. Kru/t-lciit/i (Ssk. ^fr^") crane, Grus cinerea. (3^* K-fun height, length, extension Lea;., Cs. Ns nqq- Knd 1. Krul )toit-ba to let fall, to <3 drop (several things at intervals), mci-ma tears Mil. 2. *da-ful* W. inter- calary month. i'zf Krul-po C. 1. cheerful, merry. - 2. fornicator. Krid-ma 1. W. */, : u-wa ful-ma* crooked handle, crank (spelling un- certain). 2. C. a whore. Mu-Krum, Sch.: Knim-Kn'an ^ byed-pa, Lt.: krum-Krinn brduii- ba to pound in a mortar. * Krums-stod, and -smdd, two Nakshatras, v. ryyu-skdr 3f&. Krus 1. pf. of Jct'u-ba. 2. sbst. < bath, washing, ablution ; Krus-Ku, water for bathing, washing or rinsing; dish- water; Ifrus byed-pa to bathe, to use baths Dzl. ; Krus-la ^yro-ba to go to bathe Dzl. ; Krus ysol-ba resp. to take a bath Glr., also to administer a bath to another (cf. ysol- ba) Glr., Pth.; esp. as a religious cere- mony, consisting in the sprinkling with water, and performed, when a new-born infant receives a name, when a person enters into a religious order, or in diseases and on various other occasions (cf. Schl. Buddh. p. 239, where the word is spelled (drus). Therefore 3. baptism, and k'l-us ;soZ- baio baptize T///-. R. and P. Krus-kyi rdziii. pond, pool for bathing; Rno-Xdn bathing- room or house; Krus-sder basin, washing- bowl Sch.; Kms-biim sacred watering-pot; K'rus-y%6it bathing-tub Sch.; knis-fser bath- ing-water Sch., but in Lt. this word re- 5-2 P I" Kr&rn lates to a certain medical procedure or method of curing. m- kre (Ssk. finnr) millet, /.re-cd/l Mur- wa-beer Sik., v. Hook. Himal. Joum. "{? /vr-fee Chinese vermicelli T. (*f e-tse*). cn^f'^I" kregs-pa v. mKreys-pa. Krel, resp. fuys-krel 1 . shame, shame- facedness. bashfulness, modesty; */;V/ kdb-ce* W. v. yebs-pa. 2. piety, esp. W. - 3. 6'. disgust, aversion. Comp. and deriv. Rrd-yad a scorn- ful laughter. Krel-can Cs. bashful, ti- mid; W. pious, faithful, conscientious. - Krel-ltds, Krel-ltos, dread of wicked actions; Krel-ydo-n (lit. a face capable of shame) id. *t el-dad-can, fel- dod-can* W. fond of making others ashamed. Icrel-lddn = krel-can. krel-ba vb. to make or to be ashamed, *t'd son* he was ashamed, *iel- ce mi yon* W. he is not put to shame; C. also: to get into a passion; sbst. shame, Krel-ba dan ito-fsa-ba med he has no shame nor dread Dzl., *el-wa yod* W. it is a shame. Krel-med (-pa), W. *Krel- med- (/can) shameless, insolent. *fel-+<>* object of disgust, C. Krel-yod chastity, modesty, decency, Tcrel-yod-pa chaste etc., L : rel-yod-par byed-pa to behave chastely etc. Icrel-sdr = Urel-med. 'Tlf lc,*es-po Thyy. load, burden, = far. j^ Kro 1. a kind of bronze, of about the same quality and worth as O kur-l><t, but inferior to //, q.v.; Icro-cu liquid, melted bronze; liro-cus sdom-pa to fill up joints, grooves etc. with melted bronze, to solder Glr. 2. kettle Schr. jzfer Kro-pa W. for Krod. ^^. Kro-ba 1. anger, wrath, (cf. Jcro-ba vb.) frq ; Itit't-Kro-ba inward anger T/tgy. 2. angry, wrathful Cs.; Kro-bar l><)('<l-pa, ( ayur-ba to be, to grow angry Cs.; li-rv-bo, fern, kro-'ttiu angry, fierce, ferocious, e.g. ycan-yzdn a ferocious beast; esp. ap- plied to the 54 (or 60) deities of anger and terror (ifc^X e -R- Kro-ba-cen-po = ysin-ijc the ruler of hades; *t ( o-tum-po* furious with rage, raging with anger C.: Kro-fnyer distortion of the face by anger: kro-ba-ma, Kro-ba-can she whose face is wrinkled with anger, n. of a goddess Glr. 17, T2. *{o-f,d* W. dissatisfaction, grumb- ling. Ih'o-mon Sch. prison (perh. h'ri- nion). -- Kro-zdl an angry, frowning countenance Glr. Kroy f kroy bryydb-pa to drink hastily, to gulp down Glr. ; Kroy-Krog plump! the sound caused by something falling heavily on the ground W. Kroy- xind)t. the raw, unprepared substance of a medicine Sch. l' : '' f >f/-po botanical term, used of leaves standing round the stem scattered or alternately. fgr-r- kroii-nS upright, straight, erect, (cf. " kmit,) Glr., Mil. rfirfrf Kron -po, *f6n -po* Ts. close-fisted. stingy. ffirvq'-) Krfal(-pa), W. *fd (-pa)* crowd, assemblage, mass, multitude; mi- /, : n></ a troop, crowd of men, ri-Krdd an assemblage (mass) of mountains; rtxcu- krt'xl a heap, stack, rick of hay ; nays-Krdd a dense forest, mun-ftrdd thick darkness : dnr-lcrdd cemetery where the corpses are cut into pieces for the birds of prey; del kr<'>d-du lha-yciy , joy-pas placing the prin- cess among their (the girls') company Glr. ; in W. *fd~pai nd.it -no* and *nd/'t-du* c. genit. is the usual expression for among. nrr. Lron claw, fang; //>;//-/;///* rko-bai ade ^ ^ the class of the gallinaceous birds S.y. jSgrcr Kfon-pa 1. well, spring. 2. Lit.: a wooden water kennel; Ih-dn-bu a little well; also n. of a medicinal herb, a purgative against bilious complaints Med. /, : rc> n-rd</s enclosure of a well Sc/t. ftfgr Icrom 1. market-place, market -street, '"^ bazar; Icroin Kkdr-ba to wander, to ride round the market Glr., to ramble through; ysaii-sitdys krdm-du kloy secret spells (magic formulas) are read in the market (a crime and sacrilege iu the eyes /from -i of a Buddhist). 2. crowd of people, multitude of persons; Krom-cen a great crowd ; fsoys-pai /<'r6m-mams the assembled crowd Pth.; po-Krom a multitude of men; I'yyal-Krom prob. an assembly, a gathering of kings Mil.; tirom dmar-ndy t kyil-ba a motley crowd, throng of people J't/i. Comp. Jerom - cen (po) Thyr. chief market-place, principal street Cs. kront- dpon overseer, police-officer who is char- ged with the supervision of the market. Krom-skor-ma harlot, strumpet Cs. Jfrom-po Glr., n. of a province (?), k : r6m-po-pa an inhabitant of it. Krom-ine- sparkling, glittering, zil- pa Krom-me a sparkling dew-drop Pth. j^&J^f' /,roms v. c grem-pa. Krol 1. v. Jcrol-ba and yrol-ba. 2. a sound; Vrdl-gyis son Glr. (the ring) slid sounding (across the azure-floor); Krol- do 1 1. is said to denote a large hand-bell, and Krol-loy the same as Kroy-lh'6y W. Cf. Jrol-ba. 3. kettle (?) v. (tags. /.rol-k'i'61 adj 1. bright, shining, = k'i'61-po. 2. k'rol-lh'61 byed-pa Git'., *'r/'g t ol-tt t ol-le td-wa* C. to stare, la, at. j^i,.. _. lfn>l.-ca the act of forgiving, pardon *SV7/. krM-po 1- sparkling, glistening, dazz- ling. e g. water when the sun shines upon it; *'od f,6l-po* W. brightness, splendour. 2. distinct, intelligible, *(s)pe- ra 1 6l~po zpr ml xf(s) W. he cannot speak distinctly. n-^ kr6l-mo W. brittle, fragile, opp. to Hrol-fsdy* 7>,/-., r. a sieve. /Y ;.s- y ^/ v. o /, : /r;-/^r. i)il>'(in, an affix to substantives and verbal roots, denoting 1. one who knows a thing thoroughly, making a trade or profession of it, su-'ili'u)i one who knows the country, the road, a guide, u pilot (Dd. 3?Y% 7); Idm-mKan id. Mil; sin-mk'an, worker in wood, carpenter, joiner etc. 2. affixed to a verbal root, it is often (at least in later literature) equivalent to the periphrastic participle, signifying: he who in any special case performs an action; so d6gn-ntJ\'an Glr., one who is binding, fastening; also with an objective case: iiai bu-mo jlod-mKan Glr. such as are courting my daughter ; bsdd-mKan the man having killed, the murderer. 3. In col- loquial language, esp. in W., it has on account of its more significant form en- tirely displaced the proper participle ter- mination in pa: *diii<- f nia /, : i/ct'-/> : an-iii mi* W. the men carrying the beam ; contrary to its original signification, it is even used in a passive sense : *sdd-Kan-ni luy* W. the slaughtered sheep. a clerical teacher, professor, doctor of divinity, principal of a great monastery, abbot, who, as such, is endowed with the mkan-rgyied, or spiritual gifts, handed down from Buddha himself by trans- mission, viz. dbat'i, lufi, l, : rid; next to him comes the slob-dpon, or professor in or- dinary. ml?dn-po ton -mi sdmbho-ta Dr. Thon-mi Sambhota; ml>'dn-mo mistress, in- structress (.'.: mKdn-bu pupil, scholar Tar.- mJtan-cen a great Doctor, a head-master; mkan-slob for mh'dn-po dan slob-dpon, e.g. bid- ma mlcan-slob-kyi bka the words of the Lamas, abbots and masters; also for mKdn-po daii slob-ma Glr. 1 00, 4. mKan- rdbs the series or succession of the abbots in the great monasteries Cs. m-Kan-rhn the respective prospects of being elected abbot, as depending on the different ranks of the expectant individuals. ^-Q. mh-a (Ssk, ^r) 1. heaven, heavens, gen. nam-mKa; ml<a-la in the hea- vens, m/i'd-la pur-ba, rgyb-ba, hlii<-ba to lly, wander, soar, in the air. 2. ether, as the fifth element. 3. symb. num. : cipher, naught. Comp. mli'a-kloii, mka-kjdb, in kit (Jbt/i/ts the whole compass or extent of the \" mfi'ar 54 heavens Cs. mtfa- c yr6-ma, in Mil. gen. m/ca-firo-ma, Ssk. >g|'fqlV fabulous beings of more modern legends, v wise' women of supernatural powers, sometimes represent- ed like angels, at other times like fairies or witches. mka-mnydm Lex. like the heavens, infinite. mKa-ldin the sky- soarer, the bird Garuda, v. Jc.yun. mka- spyod wanderings through heaven Tar. 112, 4, also: enjoyment of heaven, en- joying or inhabiting heaven; mH'a-spyod- du yseys-pa to go to heaven, to die Mil. mKar 1. resp. sku-mUdr. Gl>:, castle, nobleman's seat or mansion, manor- house, frq.; citadel, fort Pt/i.; house in general Mil. 2. termin. case of mica. Comp. mfcar-dpdn governor of a castle, commander of a fortress. mKar- Ids C. and B., the work of constructing a castle, of raising an edifice; *Kar-len* W. id. mKar-sruii the guard or garrison of a castle, fortress Cs. mh : dr-ba 1. (also Jldr-bci) B. and C, staff, stick; mkar-yril staff of the mendicant friars, the upper part of which is hung with jingling rings; pyay- mMr resp. for mlcdr-ba. 2. bronze, bell- metal, v. Jcdr-ba. m>Kdl-ma kidney, reins, mKdl mdoy 'kidney-colour, dark red' Cs. mKds-pa Ssk. tfZ, (originally like oncfoc] skilled; skilful, in mecha- nical work, and so it is frq. used in col. language ; further in a more general sense : smdn-pa micds-pa a skilful, clever physi- cian ; experienced, learned, prudent, shrewd, wise; c. accus. or dat., in a thing; so-fsis- la in farming, cos in religion; slob-ma skyo/t-ba-la m/cds-pa an able tutor, peda- gogue Mil.; mKas-btsun-bzdii prop, denotes the qualities of a right priest: learned, conscientious, good, but sometimes it in- dicates only the position in society, the clerical rank, so esp. mtias-bfsim learned clerics, reverends Glr., mkds-po or -pa a learned man, a scholar, siion-yyi mkds-po- rnams learned men of former times; m/,-as- yrub id., ryya-ydr-yyt utkas-yrub-rnams &!R<3rCJ* mKy en-pa Indian scholars; it is also used like our 'most wise', 'very learned', and similar expressions in a pompous address Glr.; niLd.^mcuy profound scholar Zam. I never found the word applied to inanimate things in the sense of 'wisely contrived', and the correctness of Cs.: fabs mKds-pos 'by wise means" may be questioned. 5jp<^*j" niKitn-pa Sch. v. Kim-pa. N3 ^^ v. Kur-fsos. i>'6-ba desirable, to be wished for, ////,'6-bai yo-bydd, in 6'. also */co- jhe*, desirable things, requisits, wants, desiderata: *hindu-t{n-yyi mi-La ko-we fso/'t- zoy* articles of commerce, goods, commo- dities, such as they are called for in Hindostan; nye-bar mko-ba indispensable, most necessary. Cf. / r o. db Le.r. \. />m. mlcyud-pa Cs.: to keep, to hold, to embrace, = JUt/tid - pa ; i/pe- mfyitd Le.r. w.e.; Cs.: unwillingness to lend books. ilpf'-mUyud-cau unwilling to lend books, dpe-m1, : yiid byed-pa to be unwilling to lend books ; m/cyud-spydd a sort of bag or vessel for carrying something (?); sor- cery, witchcraft Sch. mkyen-pa, resp. for ses-jxt, riy-^a, yo-ba, to know, yab-yum-yyis mli'yen-par mdzod-ciy my esteemed parents may know Dzl.; to know, one man from another, ryydl-po mkyen-tam does the king, does your 'majesty know the . . . ? (the king himself will answer: nas MS-SO) Dzl. It is frq. used of the supernatural per- ception of Buddha and the saints , bsdm- pa day-par mKyen-pas as he (the Bodhi- sattwa) perceived the sentiments (of his scholar) to be sincere Dzl.; mUyen-par yyiir-to perceived, found out, discovered; to understand, ml^jen son-nam did you understand it? mtfyen-ryya-can possessed of much understanding, very learned Mil.: 'iitkifi'ii - Ulan -i/d/'/s -pa profoundly learned : mUyen-brtse Glr. prob. : omniscient-merciful: fa//<x-cad-//t/ l 'ye)i all -knowing, a later epi- mkran-ba thet of Buddha: ye-wh'yen, tn>ton-mK',yen = ye-ses, mt'/on-ses. tugs-mkydn is known to me only as a sbst. abstr. : the knowing, knowledge, prophetic sight, ije-btsim-gyis fugs-mlhjcn-qyis yzigs-pa Idgs-sam has your reverence seen by your prophetic sight? Mil. ; ace. to Cs., however, sku-mKyen, ysuii- mKyen and fugs-mMyfa are identical in meaning with mltyen-mKyen , a form of entreaty which, as a Lama told me, pro- perly has the sense: you know yourself best what is good for me! In accordance to this explanation we find in Mil. after an entreaty: bld-ma Kyed mKyen-mKyen. It is gen. added without any connecting word, like our pray, or please, but some- times it is construed with the inf. : mdzdd- />(') mKyen-mtiyen, please to do. mKran (-ba), also /era?/ hard, solid, compact; srd-mtfrdn-can O gyur-med Thgy. firm, hearty, sound, of a strong and robust constitution. mMrdn- pa denotes the fourth stage of the devel- opment of the foetus Thgy. r mtfrig-ma the wrist of the hand. .. *tigs-pa* col. W. (also Bunan) for: ~i.-..,p.. mtfris-pa B. and C. (S&k. fTjrf) bile, gall. 1 . the vesicle of the gall, the gall-bladder, as part of the intes- tines. 2. generally: the substance of the bile, the bilious fluid, which ace. to Tndo-Tibetan philosophy is connected with the element of fire, and which, conform- ably to its functions, is divided into five species, of which physiology gives the oddest details. mtcris-ndd bilious disease: m/cris-fsdd prob. bilious fever: grdn'inKris a feverish shivering, a chill. mfais-ma Lex. w.e., perh. = / : /'/,s. 55 we cause vexation to ourselves (by mind- ing too much the affairs of others): Jtan animosity. /v/v/ rnati there occur many collisions, quarrels Mil., dpon-sUb re /y/// O byun there arise mutual differences, ani- mosities, between masters and scholars Mil. J'ad-pa esp. W. 1. to sit, to sit firm, rtai lid-ru on the back of a horse. 2. to remain sitting, to stick fast, to be stopped, kept back, e.g of a bird, myius, in a snare: rkdh-pa Jiad-de O gyel- ba to get entangled with the foot so as to fall: sgo J, : ad O dug the door sticks. Cf also Kad-pa and bkad-j)a. qm^-q- Jt.dm-pa 1. to faint away, to swoon. 2. Sch. also: to take into one's mouth. Qra^'q' Kdr-ba I. sbst. 1. staff \.mKdr- ba. 2. bronze, bell-metal, Mr- (bai) cu molten, liquid bronze, Jfdr-bai me-lon a metallic mirror; Jfar-rnd gong, used in India and China instead of bells: Cs.: a drum of bronze; yet it is rather a large bronze disk, producing, when struck, a very loud sound like that of a bell. Kar-yzon a dish or basin of metal: J?ar- zdns a metallic kettle. II. vb., in C. the same as Jldd-pa. 2. in W. intrs. to dgar-ba. o Kdr-Jfu-ba to resist Sch. hard, firm, e.g. snow; *go- W. obstinate, stiffnecked. stubborn. Jtd-ii-ba (not: to put a fault or crime on another fs., but:) to hurt or offend, to annoy, to vex, fsur-la /. : // Qraorn* Jfal-ba, pf. and fut. (imp. /W?), W. *kdl-ce* 1. #., C, W.: to spin, bal, wool, skud-pa a thread, srdd-bu yarn. - 2. W. to send, to forward, things. to offend, insult, Bhar. {Lea-. injury); Ku- Krig, ace. to the context, denotes certain passions that disturb the tranquillity of the mind, such as malignity and covetousness: /> : <it't- ba is synon. Cs.'s 'to emulate, contemn, hate, long for, and Sch.'s 'pride' I am not able to verify. /un-pa to groan, to fetch a deep sigh, not so much as a sign of pain or sorrow, but rather as a mere phy- sical deep nnd hollow sound Med.; Jfitn- sgras Kd/t-pa /certs he filled the house with -r groanings Pth.; sddii-bai dyrd-la yyay Itar Jkun he groans (grunts, bellows) like a yak against a fierce enemy Mil. O__j._.. o um-pa pf. /turns (cf. s/cum-pu) >o to shrink, to be conti acted, e.g. of the limbs, by gout; *yur-ra raii-zin Jcu ni- ce yin* W. the ditch will get narrower of itself; Rums-pa shrunk, shrivelled, con- tracted; fig. reduced, restricted, deprived of power. q_^^.~. Jums-pa Le^. and Cs. to com- >o prehend, understand; Sch. also: to practise, to impress on the mind. -__._. Jlinr-ba 1. sbst /tir-ba, pastry. >o II. vb., pf and fut. liur, rarely bkur (v. bkur-ba) \. to carry, convey, lhir(-ru) Jcur-ba to carry a load : mi fey-par Jlur- ba Med. to carry too heavy loads, prop to carry what one cannot carry; *Kur soy* C., *Kurkyon* W. bring! fetch! *Kur soit* C. s *K'ur Jcyer* W. take away! carry off! Jcur-du foys-te taking up in order to carry, taking on one's back DzL; *ldy-par 1,'ur- ce* W. to hold in one's hand. 2. to carry away or off, ro Jcur-ba Pth., to carry away a corpse; to take along with, in W. even: to pocket, *sem-la Kur-ce* W. to take to heart; *'d-ne Kur-ce* to take a wife, to marry. Kur-fag carrying-girth, rope or strap Thyy. Cf. fcur, Uur-ba etc. Jcur-fsfa v. tfur-fsos. KM>-ba to subdue, to subject C*. ; Sch. also: to be uneasy about. Liejc. : yyoy-tu Jliil-ba ; v. also Ihd 3. Zam. ; Ural Kul-ba perh. to force a tax, a rate, on a person. % 8 -P pf- %* to hinder, stop, shut off, debar, lam the way Mil.; ji-ltar bkay run ma Keys- pas Mil., although they prohibited, tried to proh. him), he was not prohibited; ryydl-bui pydy-yis kyar't mi Kegs-pa Mil. not being hindered even by Buddha's power. o^/is -pa, pf. Kens, to be full, cus ket'ts yod-pa Gl/:; bio-yros ma fans - te his mind not being satiated Tar. 135, 13. a pf. /WAS, to cover, to spread over, ijo/ts-s-u kcbs-te being covered all over $ty.; Ka fams-cad /,'ebs-te over the whole face Sty.; to overshadow DzL <5^, 17. qraorq- M-ba pf. Kel 1. to put on, to load, to pack on, =^qel-ba; bcu-foy Kel-na when the ten stories or lofts shall have been put on Mil.nt. 2. to spin, =^ Ml-ba ., Glr. Jti-ba (vb. to nt-K-6-ba\ to wish, to want, to think useful, serviceable, necessary, to have occasion for Mil.; K6- ste O o/t he will be able to make use oi it Mil.; * t?6a mi Jed* or * K6-ce med* W. I do not want it, I do not like it: Ko-bjed fit for use, useful. 'jn* J*'oys - pa \\ T eak from old age, decrepit, decayed ; rgan or rc/as- O koys id.; sno-koy, skya - K6g (sic) Thyy. with a complexion blue or pale from old age. /, : 6/t-ba (cf. syon-ba) to contract one's limbs, to sit in a cowering position, to squat; to hide one's self; dpa Ji6h-ba to become discouraged, dishearten- ed Thgy. G&' EK- o^ Rod 1. surface, super- ficies; sat O f, : od snyoms-pa to remove inequalities of the surface, to level, to plane, />'od - snyoms - pa levelled, made even, plain; also fig.: bdr-yyi fad snyoms gaps were filled up, i.e. distinctions of rank, wealth etc. were done awav with, not in consequence of a revolution, but as an act of kindness, forced upon the people by a despotic government. 2. a mill-stone, *yd - Ko'* the upper stone, *md - Hci 1 * the nether stone C. Qmr-^j- Jfddrpa to sit down, to sit; bar- mdt't-la, suspended in the air, floating, soaring, frq. of gods and saints in legends ; ryyal - srt'd - l<i to have been raised to the throne Tar.; to live, to dwell DzL ; gen. used like a passive to ^od-pa to be put, placed, established (in virtue, in a doctrine. = to be converted to): glegx- bdm-du to be put down in writing, to be recorded Tar. Cf. o Jron-pa (Lexx. have a pf. 1. c.c. daw, to bear a grudge or ill-will against a person, to be dissatisfied with a thing; Jcon-nas when they (the states) were at war with one another (opp. to mfun-nas in peaceful relations) Glr.; Jcon-med-par honestly, without insidious intentions, e.g. in negotiations Glr. ; cos dan Jcon-pa to wish to keep aloof from reli- gion, or to have done with religion; in a special sense: to be tired of the clerical profession Glr.; Jfon-zugs-pa, Jcon-du ^dzin-pa = J?6n-pa; JKon res byed-pa Sch. to quarrel, prob. more accurately, to have a spite against each other. Jcon-po dis- sension, discord Sch. Cf. Icon-pa. 2. C. = Jcar-ba II. Jcob Sch. barbarous, rough, rude, gen. combined with mfa, mfa-Jcob, with or without yul, barbarous border - country. So the Tibetans always designate their own country, in comparison with India, the holy land of Buddhism, as being mfa-Jcob Ha-ha-can. The rarely occurring yan-Kob seems to indicate a still more distant and barbarous country. ^bs-pa to be startled, agita- ted, alarmed, in one Lex. how- ever, it is explained by Kydb-pa. Jtor 1. circle, circumference; the persons or objects encircling, sur- rounding (a certain point or place); Ite- ba dan dei Jcor-mams the navel and the circumjacent parts Ned.; *de-K6r-la* W. thereabout; nye- K6r v. nye; more esp. retinue, attendants, Jcor dan bcas-pa (^pj- fTTTT) w i*h attendants, suite: Kor rndm- pa bzi Tar. frq., the attendants of Buddha's hearers, divided into four classes (viz. in the earliest times: dge-slwi, dge-slon-ma, dge-snyen, and dge-snyen -ma; at a later period : nyan-fos, ran-sans-rgyds, byan-cub- sems-dpa, and so-soi skye-bo-mams q.v.) Kor dgra-bcom-pas bskor-te surrounded by the retinue of the Arhants (v. dgra-bcom- pa); Kw-du bsdm-so he gathered them round himself as his retinue Dzl. ; also fig.: the train of thoughts, reminiscences etc., which the soul, when passing into a new body, cannot take along with it Thgy.; it is also used for a single servant or at- tendant (6s. has Jcor-po or O kor-pa male attendant, and Jfdr-ma female attendant), JKor ycig Mil.; Jfor ynyis two attendants Glr., hence Jeor-rnains sometimes for do- mestics, household servants; but if Kor with a numeral is preceded by ytsd-bo, or a similar noun, this preceding word is ace. to the Tibetan mode of speaking included in the number given, so that ytso-bo Jcor lit should be translated: the master and four attendants (not five). 2. instead of O fcor- ba, or Kor-lo, esp. in compound words; lo- o Jcor = lo-skor a cycle, comprising a space of twelve years. Comp. JMr-mkan attendants Glr. - K6r- Q bdns subjects Cs. Jcor-yyog = Jcor retinue, servants etc. *<]hun-K6r* C. wait- ing man, valet de chamber, = sku-mdun- pa which is the respectful word for it. nan- Jcor household servants, domestics. *Icoi'-gydg* W. latch. O lcor - O dds \. sub Jc6r-ba II. - K6r-ba I.vb. (cf. skor-ba), to turn round, to turn about, to go round in a circle; Jcor-gin yod he is walking (run- ning, flying etc.) round the . . . Glr.; esp. of the successive transmigrations of me- tempsychosis, v. II; mgo Jcor my head turns, I am getting dizzy, confused; also I am duped, cheated, imposed on, Kyed- kyi Ka-sbydn-gyis ned mgo mi Jcor we are not to be taken in by the volubility of your tongue Ml; to pass away, to grow full, to be completed, lo-dus Jc6r-ba-na when one year was past Glr.; srds-kyis lo Jcw- te when the prince had completed one year, was one year old; *da bit-Ion Kor* W. now the debt is entirely paid off, cleared; *Kor mi tub* it cannot be paid off; *mi Kor*, the sum is not full, not sufficient to cover the debt; to walkabout, roam, ramble W.; to return from a journey, to come home; *rdn-la Jf6r-ba* to come or fall back (on the head of the author, originator); to come together, to contract, to gather, e.g. 58 F clouds, frq. water, *Koi Kd-cu fcor* W. it makes his mouth water: dgrd-bo Jcor Mil. enemies are collecting (we create ourselves enemies); also impersonally: *Kor son* it has become cloudy; ynam Kor the sky is getting overcast, clouded; therefore even to arise, to be produced, formed, z?l-pa Jfor dew is produced, yyd, rust, even: lus-la sras Jtor a child has been formed, pro- duced, in the womb Pth. II. sbst. 1. the turning round or a- bout etc.; more particularly 2. the Orb or round of transmigration within the six classes of physical beings. Though the Buddhist has not a more ardent wish, than to be finally released from the repeated wand- erings of the soul, yet he believes so firmly in these migrations, that he will rather fol- low the doctrines of his philosophers, and doubt the reality of the perception of his senses, than think it possible, that the whole theory of the K6r-ba with all its conse- quences should be nothing but a product of human imagination. K6r-bar J?6r-ba to turn round, to wander about in the orb of transmigration; K6r-bai btson-ra, O dam, mfso the dungeon, the swamp, the sea of the K6r-ba; K6r-ba-las O dds-pa to escape from the O kor-ba, = to enter into the Nir- wana Jtdr -- O das 1. abbreviation of the foregoing. 2. for Jcor-ba dan O das-pa the stay in the K6r-ba and the escape from it; O fcor O das ynyis-su nas ma mfon I have not seen that there is a difference between these two Mil. a wal1 ' ram P art Cs -> v - Kfo-yyd C. latch. o^-fc (&* ^li, n^r) 1. circle, fsogs-kyi Jcor-lo offerings arranged in a circle, v. fsogs: Jtir-lo O bri-ba to de- scribe a circle Tar. More frq.: 2. a cir- cular body, a disk, roll, wheel, any modi- fication of the cylinder, bcu-ysum-Jcor-lo the column on the mcod-rten consisting apparently of thirteen circular disks ; Jcor- lo brteib-brgydd the wheel with eight spokes, a frq. attribute of deities; rdza-mKdn-gyi K6r-lo potter's wheel; cos-kyi Jcor-lo pray- ing-cylinder, cf. below; also a compli- cation of wheels, wheel-work, engine, O prul- (gyi) Jcor(-lo) 'magic wheel', a phantas- tic attribute of gods, but also any real machine of a more ingenious construction, e.g. sugar - press Stg., electrical machine etc.; cu-fsod-Jcor-lo a clock; sin-rta-Jc,6r- lo waggon, carriage, also cart-wheel. - Figuratively: bde - ba dan sdug - bsndl - gyi Jcor-lo, vicissitude of fortune; dus-kyi K6r- 1 0^rn?TniO acc< ^ Cs.'s Chronological Table (Cs.'s Gram. p. 181) a later philo- sophical system, contained esp. in the rtsa- rgyud, Mulatantra, in which the Adibud- dha doctrine, prophecies, chronology etc. are propounded. It was introduced into Tibet about 1000 p. Chr.; cf. also Schl. 45. Kdr-lo sgyur-ba, or skdr-ba, with cos-kyi, to turn the wheel of doctrine, to preach, to teach religion, (vulgo under- stood only of the turning of the praying- cylinder); *co-kyi K6r-lo Un-mor be* -pa* C. to devote one's self to the preaching of religion. On the other hand: K6r - los sgyur-bai royal -po (^jftgjfl^) Will.: 'a ruler, the wheels of whose chariot roll everywhere without obstruction, emperor, sovereign of the world, the ruler of a ca- kra, or country extending from sea to sea 1 . In this Indian explanation two different etymologies are given, the former of which is undoubtedly the original one. Buddhism and the Tibetan language have added a third signification, 'praying-wheel': modern scholars a fourth, that of the 'orb' or round of transmigration or metempsychosis: hence the confusion attaching to the import of this word. *Kor-l6g* is said to be used in col. language instead of lea -16 3. W. K6r-sa = skor-lam v. skor - ba I. extr.; K6r-sa bdr-pa, cen-po Glr. Jlor-yswm, lit. three circles, Ssk. trimandala\ Sch.: 'every thing that belongs to archery' ; more cor- rectly: arrow, knife, and spear. M-ba p 59 M-ba I. pf. M, cf. sM - foz, to boil, to be boiling, cu Kol the water is boiling; Kol jug-pa to make boil, to set to the fire for boiling, = skol-ba; to ferment (dough), to effervesce, to sparkle (beer) W. II. pf. bkol, imp. Kol 1. to oblige a person to be a servant or bond- man, to use as a servant; in full: bran-du, also yyog-tu, K6l-ba\ therefore bran -Kol, M-po servant, man-servant: bkol-spyod-kyi sdug-bsitdl the calamity of servitude, cur- rent expression for designating the lot of animals; yzdn-dag-gis dbdii-med-par bkol- ba to be enslaved by others, to be com- pelled to do slave - work Thgy. ; dge - bai Ids-la bkol-ba to make a person minister to works of virtue. 2. to save, to spare, to enjoy with moderation 6s., zur-du . . . bkol-ba Lex. ; Sch. : saved, laid up, put by. - 3. Sch.: to become insensible, to be a- sleep, to get benumbed, in reference to the limbs; seems to be used in Med. Kos 1 - ^' also o^ s -^ a (cognate to K6-ba), worth, value, importance 6s.; O fc6s-can important, mighty, of great in- fluence, Jcos-med the opposite of it. 2. K6s-su-pab-pa clyster Sch.; one Lex. has mKos-pdb, w.e. Jtydg(*)-pa,\to freeze (of water, earth, provisions) ; to coagulate, congeal (melted fat etc.). 2. to feel cold, Jhjdcjs-na gos gyon if you feel cold, put on clothes Glr., *Kyag jhun* C., *Kydgs-sa ray* W. I feel cold; Jcydgs-g-ri a feeling cold, a shivering (cf. ltdgs-gri) Mil.', *Kydgs- sa* W. id., the cold fit of the ague. - Jcy ays-rum, Jcyac/s-rom ice Glr.', Ji'yays- Ihdm snow-shoe Sch. o kydm-pa to run about, to wander, e.g. cd-med yul-du in an unknown country Glr.; Jcor-bar in the orb or round of transmigration, v. Jcdr-ba; Jtydtn-ste nor ltd bdog - pa ziy one who lives as a va- gabond DzL; de-dag-ni rndm-par Jtydm- pao they are mistaken, on the wrong track Wd/t.; Jcydm-du )uy-pa to cause to ramble or rove about, to scatter; Kydms-pa strayed, lost, wandering, vagrant; erroneous, erring Tar. 153, 15. Jcydm-Kyi a vagrant dog. O fcydms-po 1. a vagabond. 2. n. of a disease Med. 3. erroneous Tar. cu Kydm-pa inundation, flood Ma. Q Kydr-ba to err, to go astray, to deviate from, *yan Kydr-la ma ca* Ld. do not step out of your rank! do not absent yourself! Kyar dogs yod one should be afraid of going astray Thyy. ; dpe Jcydr- po a defective simile ; fsig O kydr - po an inadequate designation. In Tar. 48, 4 dpe Jtydr-po is translated 'epitome' by Schf., but the whole passage is somewhat obscure. ydl-ba = kyal-ka q.v. Kyi-baSch.,\>YO\). an incorrect read- ing for Kyil-ba. T <$yty~P a > P^ bkyigs, fut. bkyig, to bind (a prisoner, a bundle of straw etc.) ; *kye* (v. ske) *Kyig-pa* C. to strangle, suffocate. ]* %*# s -p a * comprise, encom- pass Pth., v. pan-pa. Kyid-pa, Sch.: mig Kyid-pa to turn or roll one's eyes. .-.... Kylms-pa 1 . to be encircled with a halo, as the sun and moon sometimes are 6s.; O og-Jcyims Lex. qfTfaf halo ; also O ja-6d JSyims a rainbow-coloured halo appears Pth. 2.:*na-bun* or*mug-pa Kyims, dud-pa Kyims*, fog, smoke, comes floating on. qm^-q- Kyir-ba to turn round in a cir- cular course 6s., Lex.iydugs Jzyir- ba to turn a parasol round (?). c^,.-. Jtyil-ba vb. n. 1. to wind, to twist; dun yyds-su Kyil-ba a triton or trumpet-shell, wound to the right, and then considered particularly valuable, these shells generally being wound to the left; of the hair: gyen-la O fcyil-ba wound or twisted (on the crown of the head) Glr. ;, ro-smdd brul - du Jlyil - ba the lower part of the body being wound into a serpent (the usual manner of representing the '&'); f od-du Jcyil-zifi, the body enveloping itself in light Mil. ; to roll: nya yser-mig Jtyil- 60 ba yod the fish rolls its golden eye Mil.; to whirl, to eddy, to move round rapidly, of the water, so prob. Dzl. 3, 13; ?, 2; Jfrom dmar-ndg Q Kyil-ba the motley crowd in a whirling motion Pth. ; to hang or flow down in folds, of a tent or a curtain Glr. 33, 12. 2. to flow (whirling) to- gether, used of rivulets and brooks over- flowing so as to form small lakes Mil.' of persons: to meet, to flock or crowd together, mi mdn-po de-ru Jcyil-bar yyur- te Pth.; *Kyil-cu* and *cu-Kyrt* col. puddle. Q'CT Kyu-ba, pf. Jtyus to run Lex. - ts- ; to run; Kyuy-po a runner; Jiyiiy-yiy run- ning hand, current hand-writing, as is used in the writing of letters etc.; Jcyug-po Jcyu- ba Lex. is explained by Sch.: to run away hastily. The signification of running, how- ever, seems to be obsolete, whilst the usual meaning is: 2. to dart or sweep ra- pidly along, frq. used of a flash of light- ning, also of the rapid motion of a fish in the water Mil.; of spectral apparitions Mil.; of acute rheumatic pains: of the light: to flash, to shoot rays of light, Kra- Kyuy-Kyuy-pa to gleam, to sparkle with light, to shine in various colours l*th.; ser- Kyuy-ye-ba glittering in yellow lustre Mil.; to glitter, to shine, of the rainbow; to shine through, of the veins through the cuticle etc. -- *Kyuy-sar-cdn* W. hasty, hurrying, careless. Kyud~pa 1. to embrace frq., mgul- nas Jf.yud-pa to clasp round the neck, to hug; to encompass by spanning Pth. and elsewhere, cf. Jcyiys-pa. 2. to glide in or into (as serpents), mndl-du Kyty-pa of the soul in the new concep- tion, like the synonym O kril-ba, for )uy- pa. 3. to be able, *ndd-pa mdl-sa-na Idn-it a* (instead of Ian-bar) *mi fcyud* the sick man is not able to rise from his bed. - bios mi Jfyud-pa byed-pa Thgy. (not clear). Qra^'IT J<yu>'-bct Cs. : to be separated, di- S5 vorced; Lea". : bski<r-bas Jtyvr-ba, therefore prob. the vb. n. to skytir-ba, to be deserted, cast off. Jtyen-ba seems to be = ^yens-pa C. col. Kyed-pa (1. cf. O yyed-pa} Cs. to be distributed, e.g. food, Dzl. 2. C. and W. to be sufficient, to suffice, to be enough, to hold out, *mi Kyed* there is not enough. 3. C. to gain (a law-suit), to be acquitted. 4. pyir Kyed-pa to bow without uncovering one's head, as a less humble way of saluting Mil.nt. Jty&'-ba pf. Jfyer (Northern Ld. *Kyers*\ at the end of a sentence kyer-ro Tar. and others, (Cs. fcyer-to?), neaily the same as Jcur-ba; (the f?j of the Lexx. : to lead, to guide, does not fully agree with the sense in which it is gene- rally used) 1. to carry away, to take away; his to be carried or swept away by water; fig.: U-los to be overcome, carried away by idleness Mil.; Ide-miy Kyer take the key with you! 2. to carry, to bring, in a more general sense, C. and B.: Kyer soy bring! Kyer son carry off! take away! (in a like manner as Uur-ba); des cu bldt't- nas Kyer ^oii-bai lam-fca-na he having fetched water, being on his way to bring it Pth.; tcyer-la soy bring me (word), let me know (the result of your investigation) Mil. O ttyer-so \ . appearance, esp. a neat, handsome appearance of persons or things. 2. advantage, superiority, pleasantness, Mil., C. Jfyel-ba Ld. to hit. to strike. > P f - fy a ^ im P- lift, lift up, = O fogs-pa, feys-pa Glr.; to carry, bring, *sol-)ha tcyoy* bring in the tea C., cf. sub Kay. %W> or tiyog-P crooked, bent; Kyoy-poi ri-mo a crooked figure, a curve, flourish, crescent etc. ; nyas pur Q Kyoy fsur Kyoy byds-si/i the fish winding its body, writhing Pth.; Kyoy-can, Jfyoy- Jsyoy tortuous; Jcyoy-bsdd a crooked, out of the way construction or explanation. O f> : yoy ston-pa to fly into a passion (?) <SW<. til ' o%# s or %#s palanquin, sedan- chair, litter Ptf.; Jfyogs-dpydu id.; a lath or pole for carrying burdens Sch. QjnC'n* Kyon-ba pf. and imp. %o/J. to bring W. Jyom-pa pf. %<ww 1. to rock ? to wave, of a ship Schr., of the water Sch. (not quite clear); * Kyom-Kyom do-ba* C. to reel, Stagger, *cdn-ghl Kyom- pa dug* he is staggering under the in- fluence of beer; to be dizzy Med.; mfso- O fyom dizziness, vertigo, ni. f. ; lug-glad nigo- K6r O tfyom-pa yso the brain of a sheep cures the swimming of the head (vertigo) Med. Jtyfo-ba 1. to miss, fail, not to hit Cs. 2. to reel, stagger, from intoxication, 3. to warp, of wood. JtyM-ba, pf. Jeyol, cf. skyel-ba, to be carried, to be brought (some- where) Pth.; with ynod-pa to be done, inflicted Mil. ; to arrive at, come to, reach, sku-fse mfd-ru the end of life. Sch., Jcyos-ma Mil, a present, gift, = kyos-ma, skyds-ma. Jcrd-ba I. vb., pf. prob. Jcras to lean to, to incline towards Cs.; Krd-sa a support to lean against, a prop, back (of a chair) Lex. II. adj. hard, = Jfodn- ba, mkrdn-ba Sch. J?rdb-pa, pf. bkrab (?), cf. also skrdb-pa, 1. to strike, to beat, in repeated strokes, as in swimming and row- ing; to thrust, stamp, thump, tread heavily, bre J<rab-pa to dance in that manner Mil, Pth. 2. to winnow, to fan Stg., col. *tdb- pa*. 3. *miff tab fab* (or * fab -tab*} *)M'-pa* C. } *b6~tf W., to blink, twinkle, wink with the eyes. 4. *fca-sdy tab-ce* W. to jest, to joke, to crack jokes. 5. Sch.: to leap, jump, Schr. for joy. 6. to scoop out, to bail out Sch. 7. to fight, to combat 6'., W. ' Jtral- K-wl confusion, disorder. nm-q- /<'ri-ba, pf. O tfris, cf. dkri-ba, cog- nate to /cril-ba, 1. to wind, roll; twist one's self, to coil (of snakes) Dzl\ Kyim- fdb-Jcyi Jcri-ba conjugal embrace Pth.', *'6g- ma f'i-se* (for Q Kn-ste) *rag* W. I have a sore throat, prop. I feel my throat tied up, I am choking; fig.: kun-la Jens -pa, either as an adj. 'ensnaring', or as a sbst. 'ensnarer' = sin, cf. kun-dkris in dkri-ba; /ri-sin = Jtril-sin. 2. mostly as a sbst. : the being attached to, given to, c.c. genit. (synonym of cdgs-pa): ran-don-gyi, to one's own advantage, bu-smdd-kyi, to wife and children Mil; fondness, attachment; zen-Jfris id. 3. Krai Jtri-ba to impose a tax C., Lex. J&ng-pa I. sbst. 1. (S&k. firf*) coitus (of the two sexes), copula- tion, pairing, the usual, not exactly obscene, yet not euphemistic term for it; O fcrig-pa spyod-pa, also Ji'rig-cdgs spyod-pa B. and C., * fig-pa co-ce* W., to lie with etc. ; Jcrig- pai cos-la rfen-pa to indulge in lust, to be given to voluptuousness; Jfrig-skdd Sch., J\rig-fsig Lexx., obscene words, unchaste language; Kriy-pa O byin-pa to talk smut. 2. a sign of the zodiac, the twins. 3. symb. num.: 2. II. vb. 1. to cohere, to stick together Cs. 2. to be clouded (of the sky), ynam Krig the sky is getting overcast; also *tigs son* W. without a sbst., it has be- come cloudy, dull; ^6d-zer dan ^a-^od Jfrig-pa wrapt in rays of light and the splendours of the rainbow Pth. ; fan fams- cdd mes Krig-pa the whole plain was enveloped in a flame of fire Mil Cf. dkrigs-pa. S|^" Jtrid v. Krid. -- Jcrid-pa, pf. fcrid, fut.bkri?, to lead, to conduct men or beasts to a place ; to command, to head (an army); to bring along with, Jtrid-de ma ^ohs-so he has not brought (his wife) with him Dzl ; there- fore Jtrid equivalent to 'with': bii-fsa Jfrid s coming out with their children 62 trul-ba / r . fo Jcrid-pa perh. a mistake for brid-pa. Krims, bred(-nas)- IerimsLex.x.v?.e. v Jcnl-ba 1. to wind or coil round (of serpents), to embrace closely, to clasp round, e.g. in the act of coition; ma byams bu-la Jf.ril a loving mother clasj)ing her child Pth. ; Jcril-mlcan a plant furnished with tendrils or claspers W.] Jcril-sin Wdii. a climbing plant, creeper. - 2. to glide, slip into, of the soul when entering another body, = Jcyud-pa. 3. Ka Jcril-ba W. to speak imperfectly (like children), to stammer, 4. to heap up, = O dril-ba, sgril-ba. nn^sr Jcris 1. syn. with O gram, bank, shore, '^ coast, rmd- cui Jcris-na yod-pai mKar, a castle on the banks of the Hoangho Glr. ] *Kyo' -rdn-gi ti-na yo'* C. it lies just before you, under your nose; bla-mai sku- Kris-su bid-mat pyogs-la Mil.nt. 2. v. Jiri-ba. ORTCT- Jcru-ba 1. Cs. to wash, to bathe, = "b Jc,rud-pa, cf. Jcrus. 2. diarrhoea, looseness; dysentery (V); Jtru-ndd, Kru- id. J^g-pa I. vb., pf. Jcrugs, cf. dkruy-pa, bkrug-pa, to be in dis- order, agitation, commotion, to be disturbed ; Krug-par O gyur-ba to get disordered; of the blood : rtsa fams-cdd Jcrug-tu bcug, it made all his blood boil Glr.\ of the sea irq. ; esp. of the mind, disturbed by wrath, fear, anxiety, or some other passion, cf. Kog-Jlrugs; to quarrel, fight, contend, de ynyis Jcrugs-nas, the two quarrelling; bod ce nan Jt>*ug-go, the nobles of Tibet are contending among one another, have in- ternal feuds; mci-ma Krug-pa tears ap- pearing, coming forth, (lit. tears being stirred up, excited Thgy., Mil, Tar. 2. sbst. disorder, tumult, war, also single com- bat, duel, Jirug-pa sor disorder arises; Jtrug -dus by as he appointed the time of the duel Glr. ; O ttrug-dpon = dmdg-dpon; Jcrug-pa byed-pa to take up arms, to begin war; respecting subjects: to rebel; Q Ki*uy- pa byed-pai dus-su in times of war Glr. ; dmag- Krug, fab- Krug war. mi-Jcrugs- pan. of a Buddha (not = mi-skyod-pa). Jcrug-lon is the explanation given by Lexx. for skyo-nogs, hence prob. : contest, strife. *tugs-ml\'an* W. having small cracks, flaws, of potter's ware. Jf.run~ba or Jt runs-pa 1 . resp. for s/cye-ba to be born, bcam-ldan- dds Kruiis-pa dan dus-mnydm-du at the same time when Buddha was born Glr.] ynyis- la sras ma Jcruns-par as by neither of the two (queens) a son was born Glr. ; Jcruns- dkdi skyes-bu (holy) men, such as are but rarely born (lit. with difficulty) Mil.; to arise, to originate, Jcruns-rdbs legend of the origin . . .; Kyed-rdii-gi fugs-la Jcruns-pai fsiff words as they may just arise in your honour's mind Mil.] snyin-ije tugs-la Jcru its- pas compassion arose in the soul of his reverence Mil.] tin- / rie- dzin Jc,runs-pas meditation arising. 2. to come up, shoot, sprout, grow, of seeds and plants frq. Krud-pa, pf. bkrus, fut. bkru to wash, to bathe, gos clothes, k'a-ldg face and hands Dzl. ; to wash off, dri-ma dirt; fig. sa ndn-gyis Krud Ma. is stated to mean: the country is fleeced, thoroughly drained of its resources. /rums carcass, carrion, game torn by beasts of prey, Sch., (the word seems to be very little known). __... Jf.rul-ba (Lex.: Ssk. ^^[ to turn ^Q out of the way, to wander, to stray, hence perh. originally:) 1. to be dis- located, sprained, distorted, *fsig iul* W. the limb is dislocated; usually: 2. to be out, to be mistaken, almost always used in the pf. tense, Jcrul-pa mistaken, deceived, ha mig Jcrul-pa yin-nam does my eye deceive me? Mil.; rnd-ba Jcrul dogs tur- re gyis take care not to hear w r rong Mil.] ynyis ycig-tu Jtrul-bar byed-pa to make by mistake two to be one, to confound one thing with another Tar. ; O di dge-sloh-mar O d6d-pa Jcrul-pa yin-la she being frustrated in her wish to become a nun Tar. 85, 1 ; O gro-ba Jtriil-pa the deceived creature Glr. ; JKnd-ba frq. with swa/J : rari-mdn Jcrul-par O dug I have been mistaken, it was a deception of the senses Mil.; snaii-J(rul, and Kiitl- sndn illusion, delusion; JSrul-mdn-&an de- lusive Glr.\ to err, as a syn. of nor-ba: Kyod-cag Knd-pai )ig-rten-pa ye deluded children of the world! Mil.; zes O d<m-pa- rnams Jcrul they who pronounce (read) in this manner, are mistaken; ^a O dogs Jcrul the adding of < a is a mistake; nor -Jcrul mistake, nor- Jcrul sel-ba Schr., *ton-ce, sdl- po gydb-ce*, W. to remove mistakes, to correct. 3. to be insane, deranged, syn. of smyos-jta Dzl. and others. Jcrul -pa l. adj. mistaken, deceived. 2. sbst. mis- take; frenzy, madness; Jcrul- fzi mistake, error; Jcrul-so (errandi locus) occasion for committing mistakes, a wrong way, peril; mistake, error, cf. gdl-sa; Jfrul-Jtor artifice Sch., (6s.: machine, contrivance; but this is spelled more correctly O prul- fcor). J?ren-pa 1. to wish, to long for. zas-skom M?d., tfi//'/-fa L<>x. 2. W. to look upon with envy, jealousy. Q,jf q* Jcr6-ba, pf. /ros, to be angry, la at. J*r6g-pa to roar, rush, buzz, hum, rnd-ba Kur-la Jcrog Med., a tin- gling noise is caused in the ear: rgyu-lon Jcrog-cin a rumbling in the bowels Mad. ; sbo-Jerog in the belly; Jtroy-Krog roaring, rushing, buzzing. Jtrol-ba pf. and fat. dkrol, imp. Krol 1 . to cause to sound, to make a noise, to play, rol-mo on an instrument, to ring (a bell), to beat (a gong, cymbal): ma dJcrdl-bar without being played on. 2. to sound, resound, *dod-pa tol-la rag* W. my bowels croak; Jcrol-po a player, performer, bell-ringer etc., cf. Krol-po; *trol-lo-lo-tse* W. a tinkling of bells. jji ga 1. the letter g, originally, and in the border countries still at the present time, as initial letter = the English hard g, as final letter = ck; in C. as initial deep-toned and aspirated (gh), as final letter more or less indistinct; as a prefix (in KJiams and Baltf) fricative =y or j ; v. Preface. 2. as numerical figure: 3, cf. ka 2. OT ga affix (article) to some substantives, ' like ka. ga (C. VAo) 1. = ja (C. *ga*}. - 2. ' = gan. OTraOJ* go- -Krai C. (pron. *gha-1,a^ tax, duty (on cattle and butter), cn'cn* g a -gd W. a title of honour: the old ' gentleman, the old squire e.g. *ga-gd ta-ra-cdn* the old Squire Tara Chand, opp. to no-no the young Squire; instead of it in C.: "ajlw-ldg*. y9 a -9 a fsil > tickling (..; go-go-Mi . byed-pa to tickle. ga-ge-mo such a one, such a thing 6s.; such and such; v. ce-ge-nw. cn-m*' g a - g n a melon Cs. (some Lexx. ' have: cucumber, others: barley). cn-^' qi'Jsr ga-cfa,ga-cen some (people), a good many; a good deal W., C. 2-.--. ga-cdd without cause, involuntarily, ' e.g. to weep Med. OTT- gd-ta Ssk., ga-tai sde-fsan a particular ' kind of Indian hand-writing, besides Nagari and Lantsa Glr. ga-tJa , club, mace. 64 ga-dw gan ga-dur medicinal herb of an astrin- gent taste. .jfe. ga-dor Lejc. w.e.: sa-bai ga-don Sch. explains : the growth of a new branch on a stag's horn. ga- drds C. (pronounced *ghande*} how? ,y. gd-na = gan-na. where, used interr. and correl., frq. ; gd-na-ba and gdn- na -ba the same as a sbst, the wherea- bouts of a person, his place of residence; rgydl-po gd-na-bar, (or gd-na-ba der, gd- na O dug-pai\ gd-na bzugs-par) son he went where the king was DzL, frq. -- *ga-na- med* W. absolutely, at all events, *ga-na- med kal gos* it must be sent by all means ; *ga-na-med Ug-te tan yin* I shall give it back at all events (B. cis-kyan). ga-pur camphor Med. ga-bra n. of a medicine Med. ga-tsdm how, how much, how many how long, interr. and correl.; as much as, e.g. as much as you like (you may take) col. ga-btson an eruption of the skin W. ga-fs6d C. how much, *rin gha-fso* what is the price? rnva- cn-cn/ao; rnvr 9*-**, gd-fza, gd-sa 1 a jest. joke, laughter. gd-za dan rtsed-mo rtse Pth. they jest and play; also adj.: inclined to jesting, *di- rin gd - sa mi dug* he is not in a good humour, in good spirits, to-day W. -zud W. how, interr. and correl. ga-yzi W. squinting. cn-^' ra^^|- g<wi, dga-ris = gd za W.; *ga - ri mi rag* I am in low spirits, dejected. err** gd-ru = gan-du 1. whither, which way, to which place, whereto. 2. where, interr. and correl. the Garuda-bird. v. Kyuii. go, -re 1. where is? B. and col. - 2. Ld. a species of Lathyrus. - gd-la for gdn-la, ci-la C.\ *ghd-la ten-ne n )hun* owing to w r hat, or from what cause did the disease arise? *ghd- lapen* to what does this serve, of what use is this? Sch.: whither, to what place? *ghd- la O do-ghi yt'm-pa* U, where are you going to? gd-la-ba = gd-na-ba. gd-le C. slowly, softly, gently, gen. in a good sense, opp. to every thing turbulent: therefore in exchanging com- pliments on meeting or parting: * < o-nd ghd-le ku zu nan* (perh. to be spelled sku bzugs snaii) says the person that has paid a visit, %o - nd ghd - le peb* he that received the visit, when taking leave of each other, both phrases implying about the same as our farewell! good -bye! Cf. snan-ba. W. squinting. gd-sa 1 . v. ga - za. 2. girth or rope slung across breast and shoulder in order to draw or carry anything; also dog-harness; also the bandoleer or shoulder- belt, worn as a badge of dignity by con- stables and the like officers ; sobriquet for the rope of meditation, v. sgom-fdg. <J a -sds, C. *gha-se*, some, part; *bhu- mo yah, gha-se co jhe'-pa yin* even girls, in part, take to religion (become nuns). " ga-sed v. sed. ga-sel glass-beads, glass-pearls Sch. ' ga-sfr, instead of j punishment Ld. gag 1. silver in bars, ingots, small pieces etc., uncoined W. 2. wad, wadding (for loading muskets) W. 3. Cs: = bya-gdg, gag-fse a water-fowl. gag - pa Med. , a swelling in the throat Cs.; gag-lhog id. (?) q*-. gan I. interr. pron. 1. who? which? B., C., W.- when used adjectively, it generally follows its sbst. (so at least in good language), and if preceding it, it stands in the genit. case: pyogs <jau which gan region or part of the world? gdii-gi dus which time? in the latter case it may also mean whose: gdii-gi lam whose way? pyi nait ?nyis cos lugs gan bzait which of the two doctrines, the Brahmanic or the Bud- dhist, is the right one? pyogs gdn-nas oit, no mi ses-pas not knowing from what part of the country she comes Glr.; ma ni gaii yin bu ni gait yin bye -brag pyes decide which is the mother and which the child Dzl. ; gait ze-na lit. 'if one asks which?' corresponds sometimes to the Eng- lish 'namely, to wit, viz.'; gdn-na where? gait-la whither? gdn-nas, gait-las whence? gdit-du where? whither? gdn-na-ba = ga- na-ba v. above; gdn-pa, yul gait-pa, col. *gan-yid-pa*, from what country? 2. C. for ci what? *gJian zer-ra(m)* what shall I say ? *Kyo'-kyi mih-la ghait zer-ghyi yo'-dham* what is your name? *ghdh-la yon* what are you coming for? what do you want? 2. rel., or rather correl. pron., who, which, he who, she who, who- ever, whichever, whatever, ngpig: gan pyir toi<-ba de ni she who follows Dzl; gan gos O dod-pa-la gos byun whoever wanted clothes, to him they were given Dzl; rig- pa gait rno-ba cig-la ster-ro I give it to him who is the sharpest as to sagacity Glr. ; Kyod-kyi dpd-ba gan yin-pa-la K6-bo mgu the bravery which you have shown pleases me Tar. 21, 13: rgydl-bu gdn-du fse O pos- pai ynds-su son-no they went to the place where the prince had changed life Dzl; gdit-gi lam snon-du grub -pa des . . . he whose way (of sanctification) will be com- pleted first, shall . . . Sty. Often fams-cdd or a plural-sign accompanies the partic. ' gait mi ses-pa-dag they who do not under- stand Dzl. Rarely in B., but frq. in the col. language of W., the pa after the verb is supplied by a gerundial particle, such as na, nas : *gait tdn-na Kyad med* which you intend to give is all the same. Some- times, however, particularly in more mo- dern literature, no pa is added to the verb at all, esp. when gan is joined with yin, yod, or dug, so that such sentences in their form are very similar to the relative sentences of occidental languages: but that this omission of pa, although sanctioned by long continued use, is after all an in- correct breviloquence , and that pa must always be understood, appears from the frq. occurrence of the plural sign imme- diately after yod etc.: de ynyis-kyi srid gait yod-rnams the claims to government which both of these maintained Glr.' gdn- fse dei-fse when then; gait zig whoever, if any body etc. frq.; vulgo in W. often pleon. = any or some, *gati zig fims-si pi- la* on account of some law-suit, instead of fims zig-gi pyir; gan la-Id zig is of a similar meaning, but less frq. The import of the word is still more generalized by yan being added to gait or to the verb : dnos-po gait mfon yan Mil. whatever he sets his eyes upon ; gan ltdr-na yah, gan yin kyan whatsoever it may be, however that may be , be that as it may, at all events, esp. 6'.; gan-yait-run-ba, gan-run, gan-ci-yan-ruit whosoever he may be, whatsoever it may be, quicunque; ynas gan- yait-ruit-ba-na whereever; gdn-nas gdn-du skyes kyan out of which class of beings and into whichsoever I shall be re-born Dzl. 3. indefinite pron., used absolutely, each, every, any, all, when followed by a negation = not any, none, no: zo dar cu sogs gan yan Ka, curdled milk, buttermilk, water, every thing tastes bitter Med. ; sans- rgyds gdn-gis kyan ma bcdgs-pa not yet trodden by any Buddha Glr.; pan gan fogs gyis be as useful as ever possible Mil. ; g an -dag all Glr. and elsewhere; de-dag mi Q byun gan yan med these are to be found everywhere; gait-la gan- dul con- verting each in the manner best suited to him ; gdn-gis kyan = cis-kyan by all means; gdn-gis kyan dyds-pa med -pa altogether useless Mil. ; yan dan yan Cs., Sch. (more frq. gait dart ci) every thing whatsoever Glr. JP ._._-. gan-ga-cun an officinal plant gan-ga Ssfc. the river Ganges. gdn-ba ffa^-bttj sometimes gdn-po, also <?# 1. full, rin-po-ces ban-mdzod gdn- ba zig a treasury full of jewels Dzl. ; fdl- cu fcol-mas gdn-ba-ste being filled with boiling lye Thgy.\ yser-pye foe gdn-po, yser yzon-pa gan a measure filled with gold-dust, a basin full of gold; ^.obs-kyi ndn-na sb-rul ydug-pas gdn-no lit. : in the ditch it was full of poisonous snakes Dzl.\ brgyud gdn-bar gyur-to the progeny in- creased Glr. ; mcod-rten tim gun-pa Glr. a pyramid, a full cubit in height. 2. W. also heaped (measure), opp. to *gafl-cdd* (lit. bead) smoothed (measure). gdn - bu pod, shell, husk (Sch. also also flower -bud?) ^od-zer-gyi gdn- bur O dril-nas enveloping himself in a veil of rays, wrapping himself in a garment of light (another reading: gon-por in a lump, in one mass) Glr. ; gan-16 an empty pod, freed from the kernels W. gan-zdg 1 . man, as an intellectual being, a person; gan-zdg yzdn-gyis bi'da sprdd-pas another person describing it to you (opp. to what we know by our own perception and observation) Mil.: hence philosophical term for the I or self, ijflqf Was.; bstan-bcds-la mKds-pai gan-zdg- rnams learned or lettered men, men of science Glr.; esp. man in relation to reli- gion: cos pyi-bsol byed-pai gan-zdg Mil., men who postpone religion, not troubling themselves about it: c pdgs-pai gan-zdg- rnams-kyi rgydl-po the king of reverend persons, i.e. Buddha ; log-lta-can-gyi gan- zdg heretical people ; gan-zdg pdl-pa, fa-mdl- pd common people Mil. and others; also explicitly: people favourably disposed to- wards religion, religious people Gyatch. c. 26 & 27. (at present the word is generally understood in the latter sense); das pyis- kyi gan-zdg Glr.., ma-^6ns-pai gan-zdg skdl- ba dan Iddn-pa Mil. a pious posterity. The word, however, so little implies the clerical state, that it is used directly for 2. layman, one that has not taken orders Dzl. 3sS, 5 and elsewhere. 3. (resp. zal-zdg) tobacco-pipe, not the hukka, but a small sort, similar to ours, gen. made of metal; (jan-mgo bowl of a tobacco-pipe; gah-mjiig mouth-piece or tip of it ( '. OT^T (UIS ' glacier-ice, glacier; gdns-can adj. abounding in snow, in glaciers, also as a sbst. a glacier ; gdns - can - las Jjyiiit-bai cu the water issuing from a gla- cier Med., and even as a p.n.: Tibet \gdns- can-gyi skad the Tibetan language; gdns- bsog-pa to cleave the snow, i.e. to have it trodden down by yaks sent in advance, in order thus to form a path for the travellers (v. Hue Voyage II. 421). gaiis-rgyud a chain of snow -mountains. gaiis-cen- mzod-liid 'the five receptacles of the vast glacier-ice', or gans-cen-rje-liid 'the five kings of the same', pronounced *ghan-cen- O dz(f-nd*y or *)e-nd*, n. of a high mountain in Sikkim, commonly spelled Kinjinjunga; gans-cen-mfso-rgydl name of a deity (?) Glr. gam-figs Med. perh. stalactite. gans-ri a snow- or ice-mountain, as p.n. = Ti-se. Seldom 2. col. ice in general; *gans-son* it has frozen W. 3. snow in general, *ghan O bab* it snows Ts.; *ghaii- ma-cdr* sleet. 4. the sclerotic of the eye Sch. cnr-r gad-pa 1. a bluff; precipitous river- banks, such as frequently inclose the mountain rivers of Tibet. 2. In W. the word seems to refer more to the spe- cies of rock, which is favourable to the formation of such banks: conglomerate; gad- pug a cavern in such a bank; gad-rgydl the gigantic walls of conglomerate rock, through which mountain rivers have cut their way. .. gdd-mo laughing, laughter, )ig-rten- pai gdd-mo a laughter, a laughing- stock, to wordly-minded people; nai gdd- moi ynas this is to me an object of laugh- ing, it is ridiculous to me Mil.; ydd-mos O dfbs-pa to laugh at a person Tar. 25, 15. giT- gan B. and W., gam C., nearness, pro- ' ximity, used only in such connections as gan-du to, towards, up to, iiai gdn-du sog come to me; rgydl-poi gdn-du he went to the king; Kdn-pai gdn-du son he went 67 ^'nj^T yan-kydl towards the house; ryydl-poi gdn-nas pyin he came from the king; in col. language also c. accus. : *(J6g-po ydn-du* W. close by the brook, and c. termin. case, *cur qdn-te* W. hard by the water: rir-gdn-pa one living close to a mountain or hill. -.ft., y an ~kydl, and rkyal, supine, lying ' ^ on the back, with the face upward, gun-kydl (du) nydl-ba to lie in that position; O yyd-ba to fall backward ; sgyel-ba to make one fall on his back; *ghan-l\ydl log -pa* to perform a somerset, to tumble over head and heels C. gdr-za gan - ryya u.j written contract, an agreement. gan-ddr Sch. : a silk handkerchief offered as a present in exchanging compliments on meeting, = fca-btags. - gan-mdzod store-room, storehouse Sch. VflT ydndho-la n. of a famous temple in rdo-rje-yddn (Vajrasana near Gaya in Bengal) Tar. 1 6, 4 and elsewhere frq.; yet the words in Glr. 8, 10: pyi gdndho-la ndn-du Ihd-Kan byds- pas 'making outwardly a gandhola, inside an idolshrine', seem not to admit of a noun proper; a Lama explained it by ytsug-lag- Kaii ; more correctly perh. = dri-ytsan-kan, i.e. = 3T*fcfnr. Cf. also ghandhola. cn^*r- ydnji-ra Glr. 65, 8 obviously a Ssk. g= word, though not in our dictiona- naries; Lamas described it as an archi- tectural ornament, consisting in small tur- rets or spires along the edge of a flat roof. ^'tj* ydb-syra W. a belch (vulgar). OTn'n* ydb-pa to hide, to conceal one's self Dzl. and elsewhere frq.; gdb-yig, writing in secret characters, cryptography W., C.; gdb-sa a place of concealment, hiding-place. gab-spans Glr., panels or little boards beneath the cornice of a roof, often filled out with paintings. qin'3r m^VlC* ydb-tse, gdb-fse a tableau containing numerous my- thological and astrological figures, and used for fortune-telling. cnq-^s^ znq-q^-q- yab-fsdd, gdb-pai fsd -ba a disease Med.; ace. to Schr. a hectic, consumptive fever. ^Tj&T gam v. yan. * gdm-bu-ra W. citron, lemon. cnq* ( J au 1 a chest, box Rh. ; a little box IN or case; when containing amulets, it is worn suspended by a string round the neck (v. Schl. 174). 2. a squeaking sound W., *gau zer-ce* to squeak. ms^ y ar I- (^' s - ffdr-ma) a dance, gar byed- pa, W. *gdr se-ce*, to dance ; glu gar rtsed-mo byed-pa Glr. to sing, to dance and play ; gar - mfcan ] . one dancing, a dancer, a performer, e.g. even Buddha or any saint, when displaying miracles. 2. n. of a god Tar. 11, 17, ace. to Schr., Siwa; gar-stabs a dancing gesture or motion. II. = gd-ru, gdn-du, whither, whereto, where; gar yan anywhere, gar yan skye-ba grow- ing everywhere Wdn.; gar yan mi O gro-ba to go nowhere, to remain where one is Mil. ; Pth. *yar-mi>d* W. at all events, by all means, = *ga-na-med* - gar -bob at random, hit or miss, at hap-hazard Sch. gar-nag n. of a medicine Lt. gdr-ba strong, gar- can strong beer. gdr-bu solid, not hollow Sch. gar -mo thick, e.g. soup, = skd-ba; gar-sld Sch. : thick and thin ; thick- gdr-za, native name of the district called by the Hindoos Lahul or La- hol (ace to Cunningham 'Lahul' is a cor- ruption of Iho^yul, southern country, which latter appellation, however, is not in use in that district itself). Here, in the village of Kyelang, a missionary station was es- tablished in 1857, by the Church of the United Brethren (Moravians), together with a school and a lithographic press, for dif- 68 gar-ldg fusing Christian knowledge by means of books and tracts. ga r -lg, Tar. 91, 7. 10. Transl. p. 317 : 'ace. to Was. a rapacious mountain tribe, north-east of Tibet; in the Tibetan-Sanskrit dictionary mentioned as 'Turushka". They are doubtless the same robbers, that are called 'Kolo' by Hue (II. p. 187), who were known to our Lama from Tashilhunpo as mgo-log, or Icait-mo- mgo-log, they having received this name ('queer -heads') in consequence of having their hair closely cropped. Possibly gar- log is the older and more correct form; cf. dar-rgyas-glin. enx- /r gar-sd the muscles of the thumb ('?) 1 Med. gal 1. importance, gdl-du O dzin-pa to consider of importance, to esteem highly Mil. ; gal-can Cs., more frq. gal-ce- ba important, de mi sin-tu gdl-ce-bar yod- do Glr., bsldb-bya gal-ce-ba Glr. important precepts; gal-cun unimportant, insignifi- cant; undervalued, slighted Mil.; gdl-po prob. = gal, Schr.; gal-po-ce-yi bzd-dpon the important, indispensable master of the house Mil. 2. constraint, compulsion, *na- la ghal )hun* C. I have been compelled. - 3. trap, snare C , W,, also Mil.; *gal- Item* W. id.; gal O dzug-pa to set a trap or snare. gdl- gdg Med. f -ta W. crow-bar, handspike. j'C* gdl-te 1- sbst., gdl-te mcdn-Kun bhig PthJ II. conj. if, in case, serves to introduce a conditional sentence, ending with na (which is the essential word, whereas gal-te may be left out as well): gdl-te . . ^oii-na if . . comes (fav . . . #/-) ; also followed by ya/t (kyan\ although black snow fell Dzl. (nas instead of na, frq. to be met with, is either merely a slip of the pen, or an impropriety of speech). gdl-te-na as one word, and with the signification of perhaps, or the Greek av (not 'if, C's.) I found only in a few passages of the Kye- lang manuscript of Dzl., where the edition of Sch. has gdl-te., which makes no sense. gal-srid W. = gal-te. In Lewin's Manual it often occurs in the sense of but, how- ever. ' gdl-mdo n. of a disease Med. Q.._. ydl-ba to force, to press something on a person (cf. gal 2), mi-la btson gal in-door confinement is forced on men Mil. yal-ro W. refuse, rubbish. gas v. ^yds-pa. ji' gi 1. num. for 33. 2. affix instead ' of kyi, after g and n; for the signifi- cation v. kyi. gi-yu the vowel sign ^5 i. 'having a white speck in the eye, wall-eyed (of horses)'. cn'pTr* gi-'icdii, Glr., gi-bdm Lt., also giu, ' ^ or yiu-wdn, Cs.: 'n. of a concretion in the entrails of some animals, used for medicine'. But Glr. 35, 9 an elephant has it on its neck, and ace. to oral assertions it is to be found also in the human head; a man. for instance, is said to have gi- ti'dn in his brains, if in his sleep he is heard to utter long-drawn humming sounds. eh-Q|r </-#'* a strong-bodied, durable horse Sch. ZTTfij^" yi-lin Wts. a fabulous animal. cnr- gift Pth. prob. a little drum, or the beating of it, as an accompaniment to dancing. H|<3T qin affix, v. kyin. grr-mo Ld. the Indian rupee, = 5 jau. gis instead of kyis after g and it, v. kyis. m- f/u 1. num. for 63. 2. sign of dimi- NJ nutives, e.g. Hyi-gu puppy, little dog. - 3. extension, extent, room, space ynds-su gii-clog, lun-pa gu-dog, lam gti-doy a nar- 69 yij-gu-sa row place, valley, road ; yu-ydm (-pa) spa- cious, roomy, wide, gu ydns-pa O dug there is much room here. a* dish. gur AmyrisAgallocha, a costly incense, one kind is white, another black. qrzjr git-ge n. of a province in the south- >J western part of Tibet. CTjy gu-ti W. deaf (?). cn'X* gv-ru Ssk., spiritual teacher, father- NO confessor. 9 u ~ ru y Ld. colt or foal of an ass. * yu-ldn n. of a deity, resorted to by mothers for being blessed with children; ace. to Sch.: Siwa. CLT gu-le W- for gd-le q.v. ; yu-le-la id., slowly, softly, gently, without noise, *go yu-le-la <-ug* f shut the door gently! yu-ydr Sch. apparently the same. gu-*u WdL garment, dress (?). yuy-ye-ba bent, bent downwards (?), of leaves Wdn.; yuy pa id. crom' yuy-pa W. to rub or scratch gently, J ' to tickle. cnr- yuii I. <S<^.' 'the broad-headed tiger NO of Central Asia, Charachula' (Mon- gol^)\ it is said to differ from stay, and is not found in Tibet. II. also dgun (Cs. yun-md) 1. the middle, gun-la in the middle, e.g. the king in the middle (between his two wives) ; stod-kyi gun (-was) ton taken out of the middle of the upper part Mil. ; gun-du byed-pa Thyy. prob. to divide through the middle, to dissect (anatomi- cally); gun sgrig-pa Sch. 'to unite'; with respect to time: dbydr-yyi yun-la W. in the middle of summer ; nyin-gitn,Kad mfsdn- yuii mid-day, mid-night C's.-; gun-fnyis, the two middle times, mid-day and mid-night; ndm-yiji gun -fun- la at the hour of mid- night. 2. mid-day, guit Jbdb-pa to take a noon-rest on a journey; yun-fsiys dinner Schr. ; yuii saint-la O yro-ba (W. *c-(V*) to take a walk about tl^e middle of the day, at noon; perh. also generally: to take a walk; gun-Ion Sch.: 'at noon', more prob.: afternoon. 3. mid-night, yun-la at mid- night Glr.; dyuii-fay one night (?) Sch. 4. (Chinese?) title of a magistrate in Lhasa, something like Privy Counsellor; v. dgun. g u i l - s t u g prob. = stag Ld.-Glr. ScM. fol. 13, 6. CTp-nr- gun-fan n. of a monastery in M<'iii- J ' " yul Mil. zTC'SSf gun-mo the middle finger; *gun-dzug* J C. id. r-la-puy (..'. carrot. guii-la-pug C. radish. cnr- gud 1 . slope, declivity C's. 2. sepa- NJ ' ration, solitude, seclusion Sch.; gud-du J)6r-ba to place obliquely 6s.; gud-du fseys-pa Dzl. %$}, 18 to separate, to dis- perse (?) Sch. 3. C.: loss, damage = gun, god. 4. Ld.: heavy or thick of hearing, *yud-ndy* quite deaf, deaf as a post. - 5. gud-du jug pa v. O yud-pa. ^K*J" yiid-pa v. O yud-pa. qij- gun (Cs. gun-pa) loss, damage, *nd-la >J gun poy* W. I have suffered a loss (prop, damage has come over me). f gun-po Lh. expensive, dear. gun-dum a bottle-shaped or cylin- > ' > drical basket to put fruit in, Ld. (perh. akin to rkon-pa). CTI^'^I" gum-pa v. O gum-pa. NO m^- gur, resp. bzugs-gur, yzim-yur Cs., also %J dbu-gur C., tent, gos-gur Cs. a tent of silk, pi/in-yur of felt, sbra and re-gur of coarse yak's hair felt, ras-gur of cotton cloth; ryyal-gur Cs. 'a king's pavilion', dmay-yur a military tent. gur-mcog a magnificent tent, or yur-rgydl. is used by Chr. Prot. for the tabernacle. gur- fag the tent-ropes, *yur-ber* W., or yur-siii < '*. the tent-poles. gur-fog Cs.: 'the upper covering or outer fly of a tent'. <7 w/ *~ j-zol Cs. : 'the walls of a tent'. yur-kldJ passage for the smoke out of a tent, gur- 70 gur-kum O gram lattice in the side of it, and gur- Icdm stakes supporting the roof Sch., peculiar expressions relating to the felt- tents of the Mongol nomads. ZMVfttj' CTJ^TTW- gur-kiim, gur-gvm 1. NJ >J ' NJ >J saffron. Croc us Glr.,Lt. 2. marigold, Calendula, and similar yel- low flowers C. -.,, yur-giir Ld. a small churn used for >J >J preparing tea. TC-omwr gur-lpdgs a perforated skin, a J 3 ! hide full of holes Sch. ' gul-gul Bal. slowly, for gu-le. gul-ndg Lt. n. of a medicine. gus-pa sbst. respect, reverence, de- >o votion; also adj respectful, devout; dge- diin-la gits-pas pyag O tsdl-lo the priest- hood I respect with devotion; ma-giis-pa unbelieving, undevout Thgy.; *gus-zdb co- re"' W. to show a respectful willingness to serve; humble, (jus- par ^gyur-ba Cs.: 'to humble one's self; in modern letters = p-ran, your most humble servant. I* gus-po C., W., expensive, costly, dear. ge num. for 93. a kerchief for the head hanging down behind. ge-sdr 1. 6s. n. of a flower, Lt. and elsewhere, prob. = %^fT; it is said to grow in Nepal, and to be called also pdd-ma ge-sdr. 2. Sch.: pistil, but, like ze- bru, it signifies undoubtedly the organs of fructification in general, as the natural science of Tibet is certainly not acquainted with the sexual difference in the parts of flowers; ge-sdr-can the lotos flower Sch. 3. n. of a fabulous king in the north of Tibet, with the epithet dmdg-gi rgydl-po Glr. and elsewh. ; ge-sdr-gyi sgrun the fa- bulous history of the same. JJWWT 9 e( J s hindrance, impediment, obstacle. gegs-med-par without hindrance, unimpeded, fe-fsom dan gegs sel-ba to re- move doubts and hindrances Mil. ; gegs- byed bgegs a malignant spirit, causing im- pediments or mischief Zam.\ cos-mdzdd yons-la gegs byed-pa to throw obstacles in the way of all pious people Pth.; sans-rgyds mi fob-pai gegs bzi four obstacles to at- taining the Buddhaship Thgy.; also with- out a negation : fob-pai grogs O gro-am gegs- su O gro will you help me or hinder me in obtaining . . . ? Mil.; O grub-pai gegs impe- diment to perfection. ^pJ'J* gel-pa branch of a tree, sin-gel-pa. qy go 1. numerical sign for 123. 2. num. ' inst. of dgu-bcu, in the abbreviated num- bers go-ycig etc., 9199. 3. for go-ca. 4. for go-bo. qy go 1. place, room, space (prob. = gu~); in this sense it is used in go-mfsams- mi'd-par without intermediate spaces, con- tinuous; O bru sna fsogs go-mfsams-med-par sl<y< j s grain of every kind grew densely, luxuriantly ; go - mfsams - med -par gdii - ba closely filled Tar. 13; prob. also in go-cod: 'the space is cut off, or filled i e. the matter is done with, settled, satisfaction has been made; col. also: I have got enough, I am full, (the thing lost or missed) has been found, restored; *gJio coj son* or *)hun' < ., *go cod-Kan yod* W. he has managed the business well, he has executed his com- mission satisfactorily; des rgydl-bai go mi cod by this the victory has not yet been fully decided Mil.; fos bsam sgom ysum- gyi go cod (by only once looking at the Ommanipadmehum) every other hearing, j thinking, or looking at is done away with, any thing further is rendered unnecessary Glr. : Kyed-la go mi cod-pai cos a doctrine not satisfactory to you Mil.; bu fsab it a spyugs ci ]>yir go mi cod why should it not be sufficient that I be condemned to exile instead of my son? Pth. 2. the proper place of a person or thing among other persons or things, position, rank, condition of life, so in many of the following com- pounds, the word being seldom used alone: pai gor in the place, office, dignity of his father DzL; go-nas according to, in pro- portion to Glr. ; go rgds-na when rank and 71 Go-ta-ma dignity are grown old and gone, when the position in life has been lost Glr. ; hence f/o-rgds may be applied to an old maid (Schr.y, rdit-gi go O diig that is my place, my business, like ca; also place, space, spot in a still more general sense : 'd-mai go-na at the place of my mother, with my mother Glr. ; ran - O fdg-gi go-no, near the mill Glr.; go ldog-pa (zlog-pa, log-pa) to change place, esp. to turn to the contrary S.g. ; ndd-go the seat of a disease Sch.\ go-byed is mentioned as a quality of the air S.g. ; sprin-gyi go-bat' 'pye-nas ^ons, we came parting the space between the clouds Mil. ; sprin dkar Idin-gi go-cog Mil. ? 3. armour, gen. yo-cd. Comp. go-skdbs lit. a chance of taking place, of existing, bde-bai go-skdbs gd-la yod Pth., where is there a possibility of being happy? go-skdl C. the share or portion due to a person in accordance to his rank. go -Kan arsenal Schr. go- Krdb coat of mail with helmet, armour. go-grdl rank, dignity Cs. go-grds id. Cs. - go-rgds v. go 2. go-ca 1. armour; often fig.: bzod-pai go-ca bgo-ba, or gon- pa, to put on the armour of patience; mi- jigs-go-ca the harness of intrepidity. 2. gear, implements, tools in general, bkra-sis xriin-bai go-ca (charmed) instruments used for securing future happiness (in behalf of a new-born infant) Med. go-mnydm C. of equal rank. go-fern degree of dignity or rank Cs. go- dun sna- dun, of different sorts, various Lex. go-ldog (cf. go-ldog-pd) the contrary, reverse, opposite; wrong, perverse, de-las go-ldog the contrary of it Med.: *go jug go -log -la* W. head fore-most; * go-log co-be* W. to go to work in the wrong way, * go-log di-ce* to write wrong. go-pdn(s) 1. degree, rank, dignity, blon-poi go-pdit-la bkod-par O gyiir-ba Pth. to be installed into the dignity of a minister: go-pan spdr-ba Le.r. to raise the dignity. 2. model, pattern, standard of perfection (?) r.s. go-mfsdms v. go no. 1. go-mfson harness and weapons. go-rim \. order of rank Glr. 2. succession, successive order, turn. qym- go-Ka the place (near the hearth) for firewood Mil. ^^ go-ba I. vb. 1. to understand, com- prehend, W. *hd-go-ce*; go-dkd-ba difficult, hard to be understood, go-sld-l>a easy to be understood, intelligible; *gho- de-wa yon* C. now it becomes intelligible, thus it will be understood; go-byed-brdd Lex. an explaining, illustrating symbol; go-zin rtog-pa to take in and comprehend; brdd-ru go this I understand to be a sym- bol Pth. ; go-bai yul, go-byai yul a subject intelligible to all Schr. 2. to mean, to imagine, par that. Glr.; go-nor-ba to mis- understand, to mistake, to be mistaken. II. sbst. perception, comprehension, go- ba bldit-ba Mil. to come to a right com- prehension, a clear perception (of some philosophical or religious truth); go-bai mjdl-ba Lex.: 'mjdl-ba in the sense of perceiving 1 . ^y^ go-bo a large eagle or vulture, <.'., W. and B.; go-ser the common black- bearded vulture of the Himalaya, with a yellow neck , go-brim excrements of it Med. ^r.a.p,. go-byi-la Med. n. of a poisonous ' ^ medicinal fruit Cs. ; go-bye Med. id.? * go-yu Med., n. of a flower Cs. go-rdCs.\ 'prison, jail'; prop, a court surrounded by a wall. go-re-lan. a waiting-servant, page Cs. 3pT go-la Ssk. ball, bullet. 2n*QiJZ7|" go-log v. go-ldog sub go Cora p. go-sen v. go-cen. .^"' s " ran ' ( ' ^'S 11 '^' * ( J- sa cen-po, fdn- po* W. high in rank. Gou-ta-Mi<t, the Gotamide. the descendant of Gotama, which, among others, was the name of the founder of the Nyaya philo- 72 99 sophy in India (Banerjea Dialogues on Hindoo Philosophy p. 56f); but in the Buddhist legends it is mentioned as the name of one of the ancestors of the Sa- kya-racc, on which account Buddha is often called Gautama. The different forms of this name are used promiscuously by Tibetan writers. yog W. for gon-po a lump. gog-fdl ashes, *gog - fdl yum - ce, yog-ce, tin-ce* W. to spread ashes (viz. on the snow, in order to increase the effects of the sun, and to accelerate the thawing of the snow). gog-pa 1. to crawl (of little children). 2. to crumble off, to scale off (of the plaster of a wall, of scurf etc.). gog-po dilapidated, ruinous, Kdn(-pd) gog(-po) a house in ruins; mtfar- gog a dilapidated castle; of clothes: out of repair, ragged; zin-gog a field lying waste; dpe-gog an antiquated, worthless book; gog-gog Cs.: 'the sound of a some- what broken vessel'. cn^- go" 1 price, value, also gon-fdn Glr., frq.; gon dpydd-pa (often also bead- pa, inconsistent with etymology) to ap- prize, to fix a price; gon brgydb-pa C. (gon O grig -pa Schr., Sch.) id. 2. the above, in space as well as in time, (in Khams e. g. it is used as a sbst. , signi- fying: elevated, alpine pasture -grounds); the above said, the former, referring to a preceding part or passage of a book, gon dan mfun, gon dan O drd-bar, gon-bzin, gon- mfsuns as above (mentioned); prin gon O og O dzol-ba to confuse a message, to make a medley of it Glr.; go/i-du, c/on-na, gdn- nas, gdn-la \. adv. over it, on it, thereon, above, from above. 2. postp. c. genit. or accus.: on, above, over, before, sgo gon- du over the door; ydb - kyi gon - du Q das, he died before his father Glr.', dei gon-du before this time Glr.; ma fsogs gon-du be- fore they are assembled ; gon-gi the former, the above mentioned ; gon - gi de - rnams those preceding; gon-du bsdd-pa Itar as ^N gon-pa has been said, explained above; gon-du smos-pa the above mentioned; gon-gi . . . zes smos-pa the above statement that . . . ; s/ia gon bod-kyi rgydl-po the former (an- cient) Tibetan kings; gon and ^og like our subdivisions of a and b, the first and se- cond part, division or section of a book, ba-gon and ba-^6g Volume XV Section 1 and 2; the face and the back of a leaf: bzi-gon folio 4, a. goii-sku-j'zogs, a title, like our: his highness, excellence, eminence Sch. v. sku. lump, mass, heap, clot, sd- goit-po a lump of flesh DzL; Krag-goii a clot of blood Glr.; *bol-gdn* C., *sa-gog* W., clod, glebe; *Ka-gog* W. snow-ball. cftr*n* gon-ba, W. * gon -ha*, gos-kyi gon- ba, collar, gon-ba-nas O dzin-pa to seize by the collar gfjr-rj' gon - ma a higher one, a superior; the former, the first named, gon-ma bzin-du like the former; rgydl-ba gon-ma the most high, the divine Buddha Mil; gon-ma ce, gon-ma cen-po the most high, applied to worldly sovereigns, as: rgya- ndg gon-ma the emperor of China 6'.: gon- ma -mams Mil the gods (the 'superi' of the ancients), among whom according to the doctrines of Buddhism the Lamas are included. gon-mo ptarmigan, white grouse, Ihd- bya gon-mo B. and (.'., ' : 'ri-bya gon- mo* W., gon-sreg id. (?); gon-yag Sch.: w r ood - grouse, cock of the wood, Tetrao urogallus. ^jfc"^" gon-zu C. paper lantern. ^-- god, W. *god-Ka* DzL god-pa, Cs. god- ^ ma 1. loss, damage, god O gyur-ba Thgy., *gho'-la O do-wa* ('., * god-la cd-ce* W., to suffer loss, e.g. nor - la or nor, a loss of money and property; god-pa vb. id., *nor god-da* W. have you had a loss? 2. C. punishment. ^H* gon the common gourd, pumpkin W. Own* ^ow-pal.vb.to put on (clothes, shoes), mgo-la za. gon-pa to put on a cap. 73 gob-no - II. sbst. coat, clothing Sch.; *gdn-ce* Lh., Ld., *gon-ma* Bal id. gob-non (spelling uncertain), *gob- non co-ce, tdit-ce. gydb-ce* W. to tease, vex, irritate. gom-pa 1 . a pace, Step, gom-pa Jbor- ba to make a step, to pace; gom- pa bdun Jbor-ba Glr. 5, 2 and elsewh. : to make seven steps, as a ceremony, which may also be counted equivalent to a reli- gious pilgrimage, the actual performance of which is not possible: gom-pa O dor-ba prob. = Jbor-ba; gom-pa O debs-pa and skyel- ba Lt. ? ? gom-pai stabs the (peculiar) manner of stepping Zam.; *pru-gu-la gom- fdn Idb-ce* W. to teach a little child to walk; *gom cdg-ce* to stride solemnly a- long; '^gom-jor* col. a veranda (?). 2. the 'pas' in dancing. goms-pa accustomed, wonted, wont c. dat.; klog-pa-la goms-sin prac- tising (the art of) reading Dzl.; goms-par byed-pa, and Q gyur-ba c. dat. and accus., to accustom one's self to a thing, to prac- tise; mi gom-pa unaccustomed; *mi dan gom-te* W. accustomed to man, tame, do- mesticated: *ghom-Kye'* C. a habit, custom. J3ffe.*3T y or ~ ma C s - ' a g enera l name for stone; Sch.: stones, rubble, bowl- der-stones. gor-ma-cdg, eleg. gor-ma-bkum, certain, sure, indubitable, de Jbyiiii-ba gor-ma-cdg-go his coming is quite sure Wdn.; de yin gor-ma-cdg-go that it is this, is quite certain Stg. frq ; gor-ma- cdg-par adv. certainly. gor-mo 1. round, circular Sch.; gor- gor Med. id. 2. W. a rupee. gor-si-sa \. tsdn-da-na. gol-ba v. O gol-ba. ^fa* gos 1. resp. nd-bza, garment, dress. 2. in some compounds silk. rgydn- gos fine clothes Glr.; rgyun-gos C., W., an every day coat; cos -gos clerical garb or garments Schl. 170, Burn. I. 306, Kdpp. I. 339, II. 266 ; mfdn-gos a sort of petti- coat worn by the monks, having many plaits and folds, like the kilt of the High- landers, but longer and of one colour; p6- gos man's dress ; bld-gos an upper garment, a kind of toga; mo-gos a woman's gown; yzdb-gos holiday clothes, opp. to rgyun-gos 6'., W. gos gon-pa, gyon-pa to put on, Jbud-pa to take off, br)e-ba to change clothes; bi'tsegs-pa Sch.: to put one gar- ment over the other; gos bteg-pa to tuck up, by drawing the front skirts under the girdle; gos Iddb-pa to lay or fold a coat together; gos spu-ma a coat of napped cloth. Comp. gos-skud silk-thread. gos-sgdb skirt or flap of a coat. gos-sgdm box, chest, or press for clothes, wardrobe. - gos-cen, col. go-sen, silk fabrics, silks. gos-rnyin an old coat or dress. gos-fun trowsers Glr., C. gos-mfd = gos-sgab. gos-ndg a black garment, a female dress. gos-bzdn a beautiful dress, fine clothes (as an object of show), festival raiment. gos-ldg (in W. also pronounced *goi-ldg, go- lag* in C. *gho-ldg*} dress, clothes, body- linen; :V gos-ldg tu-ce* W. to wash linen. ^T^J'CJ* gos-pa pf. of bgo-ba. qrgya num.instead of brgydd-cu, in the ab- y breviated numbers gya-ycig etc. 81 89. qi- gya, a root, the meaning of which is ^ not quite settled yet; it occurs in the following combinations: gya - gyu (6s.: crookedness?) intrigues, secret machinations C., W.; ynod-sems dan bslu-bai gya- gyu sogs malice, deceitful tricks and the like; gya -gyu- can crafty, deceitful, fraudulent, e.g. sems; gya-gyu byed-pa to intrigue, to plot. gya-ma-gyu 1. of rivers etc.: quiet, calm, gently flowing along Mil. 2. of a man: cautious, close, reserved, so that one does not know what to think of him, ni f. gya-nyes Mil. was explained : mar- velous, inexplicable, of men, occurrences etc. gya-nom-pa Cs.: 'contentment, joy'; yet the context in several passages of Mil. suggests the signification : abundance, suf- ficiency. gya-rtsom, gya-tsom haste, hurry, rashness 6's. 74 gyon zjrq' yy u - ua deformed, disfigured, having ^ lost his or her former beauty Cs. qpJ'SJ" gydg-pa diminished Cs.;\. O gydg-pa. __. ^._. gyan, gyen pise, earth or clay ' V* stamped into moulds, and fre- quently used as building -material in >Sp., Ld., and other parts of Tibet; gyan-sgrom pise -mould; gyan-skor pise -wall round an estate or village Glr.; gyan-ra cattle- yard constructed of pise; gyan-tse terrace wall of pise Ld.; gyan-rim one layer of pise, i.e. as much as is stamped in at a time, about one ell in height; this frequently serves for a measure of the depth of the snow Mil. ; gyan-ris fresco or wall-painting. cnr- gyad, also yy a d-pa, Ssk. ?flg 1. a ^ ^ champion, a man of great physical strength, an athlete, frq.; da-dun yydd-gyi tsal O gran let us try once more our strength in fighting Mil.; gydd-rdo giant-stone, i.e. a stone which only a giant is able to lift Mil. 2. n. of a people Tar. 11, 10. ZTJSW 9y an - r 99 u Med -> gyan-rgyui bu-ga, ^o yyan-i'gyui mfu ? ZTO3* yy am a shelter, a grotto large and ^ wide, but not deep (cf. skyibs), brdg- gyam a shelter under a rock; gdd-gyam a grotto beneath a conglomerate rock ; pon- gydm (for pa-bo ri-gy 'am) a shelter under a beetling rock: gydm-bu a little cover or shelter Cs. ;qfe" yyar-gyod prob. = gyod-fca, god-pa loss, damage. gyi for gyi, after n, m, r, I; v. kyi. gyi-na(-ba) 1. bad, coarse, mean. poor, miserable, of food, clothes etc.; gyi-na O fso-ba a miserable, starving life Pth. 2. unsteady, fickle Schr. ql'Sfc" yy^ n @b'' E. of an excellent breed of horses. erar gyfy caoutchouc, India rubber, gyig-sin, gyig-sdon caoutchouc-tree Sik. cn" 9yi n n - f a deity Pth., perh. = kin- kdn. qiQ'^f yyi n - mo W. gently sloping, gradu- ally descending or subsiding. 9r gyin v. kyin. gyim-bdg Q byuy-pa to gild in the fire Schr. yyis 1. inst. of kyis, after liquid let- ters. 2. v. byyid-pa. gyu Cs. = gya-yyu', cf. also syyu, gyu-ba v O gyu-ba. 6a. CTW ^-^crookedness, curve; hunch, hump, T Ns crookback, crooked ; gye-gu-can of a camel, yye-yur Q duy-pa being crooked, of trees, opp. to dran-po, Sty. * yye-yon n. of a Bonpo idol (?) Mil. (opp. to far) up, upward, up-hill, ^ ' mostly followed by du or la, gyen-du O dzey-pa to mount up, to ascend; gyen-du rdze-ba to turn up, to cock (a hat or cap); above, on the surface, gyen-du lus-pa to keep above (water) Glr. *yyen-la ddii-po* W. perpendicular, vertical; yyen-cdd (opp. to man -cad) the upper part of a country, pu-rig gyen -cad Upper Purig, Ld.-Glr. Schl. 26, b. also sbst. : gyen yzdr-po a steep ascent C. qj^* gyer v. dgyer-ba. gyes v. O gye-ba. -mo 1. gravel, grit Dzl., Stg. - 2. potsherd Cs.; gyo-dum id. 3. tile, brick Sch.; gyo-mgo id.; clay-vessel. In an allegorical comparison of the body with a house, the hair of the head is said to be like a po-yyo mo-gyoi rdza Med.f gyo-rtsi Wdn.? y yog-pa curved, crooked 6s.; gydg- po left-handed, awkward Sch. yy 9 s <-'. pronounced *ghyoy, ykyo*, tor syyoys cannon, large gun. qw-- gydn want, need, indigence, Ito-gos-kyi ^ gydn fey-pa to be able to endure want of food and clothes Mil. ; Kur - ba to be 75 grdgs-pa reduced to want. yyon-po (cf. kyon-po) hard, harsh, rough, rude, impolite, (srab-) K'a-yyoii-po hard-mouthed ; yyon-ro a dried up body, a mummy Sch. ; metaph. d>/r- yyoii a hard, cruel, dangerous enemy; Ka- yyoii-ce very rude, impudent Mil. 9fj w yyod v. O yyod-pa. gyod-Ka loss; quarrel, law-suit Sch. zf]X' r r gyon-pa to put on, to wear = yon- pa ; lies-la gyon-pai yos the garment that one wears DzL ; gyon-ryyu materials for clothing Mil. gyos - po father in - law , gyos - mo mother-in-law, yyos-syyug parents- in-law DzL, Stg. (In Ld. this word is rather avoided, sounding, as it is pronoun- ced there, much like the obscene rgyo-ba.') zn-grra 1. angle, corner DzL 93&, 13; lap, ^ lappet, extremity, gos-kyi grva coat-tail Tar. 98, 10 (seldom used).' 2. school, kloy-qrva a reading-school 6s.; sgom-grva Glr. and elsewhere: a meditating-school; siidgs-grva a school for mystical theology 6's.; O dul-yrva Glr. a training-school, se- minary; smdn-grvd a medical school; rtsis- grva a .school where mathematics are taught; yiy-grva a writing -school Cs. 3. a cell 6's. (?) 4. sometimes i'orgrvd-pa. Comp. grvd-kan school-house, school- room \*ldb-(]a-Kan* Wad. grvd-pa scholar, disciple, generally; monk, the lowest eccle- siastical grade; grvd-pa byed-pa to become or to be a monk. grvd-dpon school-master 6s. grva-pruy school-boy. grvd-fsdn the apartments in great monasteries, where the monks belonging to the same theolo- gical confession live together. grva-fsoys convention of monks. *da-sdy* cell 6'., W. yrva-sa monastery, grva-sa cen-po a great monastery; a school attached to such a one; mfsan-nyid-kyi grvd-sa zig a school of the Tsannyidpa sect; dei ston- pa-mams the teachers of such a school Mil. njV yrd-ti plate, dish Ld. grd-ba 1 . sbst, also yra-pdd 'a muzzle' Sch. ; a net before the window, to prevent passers-by from looking into the room Schr. 2. vb. to carve in wood. grd-ma 1. a beard of com, awn, Jbru grd-ma- can bearded, awned plants, such as corn etc. (opp. to O bru gdn-bu-can leguminous plants) S.g. ; the bones of fish v. nya. Zam.: a tree or shrub, prob. the Tibetan furze, Caragana versicolor. 3. a disease of the genitals, perh. venereal boils (condyloma) Med. ram- 9rfy~p<* I- sbst. 1. noise, rumour, talk, 6s. 2. the principal or most distinguished amongst several persons Mil. II. vb. = O grdg-pa, miii yan mi grdg- par so that not even the name is men- tioned any more Pth. grdys-pa I. vb. 1 . to bind Tligy., C., W., e.g. gres-po a load, a burden, also yrds-pa TJigy.; perh. also O grdgs-pa, ^rogs-pa q.v. 2. pf. of O grdg- pa. II. sbst. 1. fame, reputation, cha- racter by report, grdgs-pa ridn-pa ill name, bad repute Pth. ; rumour, report, del grdgs- pa cen-po bijuh the report of it spread, was circulated; in most cases it signifies good name, renown, snydn-pa daii grdgs- pas sai sten fams-cdd Kydb-pa Glr. the whole earth was filled with (his) fame and renown ; snyan-grdgs id. (Cs. : good tidings); grays -pa- can , snydn - grays - can illustri- ous, renowned; ryydn-nas grdgs-pa ce-ba of great renown, of celebrity at a distance, (of less significance when more closely examined) ; fame, glory, rnyed-pa dan grdgs- pa -la cdgs-pas DzL, greedy of gain and fame; yrdys-pa-cen-po is also the name of a goddess = dpal-lhd-mo. grags = grdgs- pa: grdgs- dod-can desirous of glory Mil.', grdgs-can W. (pronounced *rdy-cdn*) fa- mous, renowned; beautiful, splendid, glorious; proud, haughty (in this case perh. for <//v,/s- pa-can). yrdys- dzin-ma, Ssk. ijaftVJ^, snfrafff, tne second wife of Buddha, ace. to others the second name of his first wife. 2. cry, outcry, clamour (perh. better 76 '^T grdn-ba gri written grdg-pa'), dga-grdgs ^ur-ba to raise shouts of joy. 2--.. grdn-ba, W. *ddn-mo*, I. adj. cold, COOl, grdn-bai ynas a cool place; * dan -mo rag* W., *tlhdn-ghi O dug* C. I am cold. II. sbst. coldness, cold, grdn-ba ni dro- bar gyur the cold changed into warmth Dzl.:*men-fog ddn-mopog* W. the cold has struck, killed, the flowers. gran-ndd the cold fit of the ague, *(lhan-fi* (lit. mKris} C. id. *dan-ndd* W. synon. with grum- bu, gout, rheumatism, arthritic pain; grah- dro cold and warmth, gran-dro-med-pai ras- kydn O di this thin cloth which constitutes my clothing, in warm and in cold weather Mil., v. med-pa; also warmth in a relative sense, temperature. gran-sum Lt., gran- sum byed-pa to shiver with cold Schr. III. vb., also grans-pa 1. to get or grow cold, grans -su bcug-pa Lex. to let grow cold; grans O gro-bar O dug it will grow cold Mil.; gran mi bya one must not suffer (the child) to catch cold Lt. 2. to count, judge, consider, v. bgrdn-ba; also Zam.: ces grdn-naan though such may be sup- posed; Cs. and Schr. have also gran per- haps, yin gran perhaps it may be so. grans, col. also *dan-ka*, Ssk. ^^ number, frq., Ian gratis -du -mar a number of times Mil.; grans-med-pa, el eg. grans-ma-mcis-pa innumerable ; grans-can numerous (?) Cs.; grdns-can-pa the atheistic Sankhya sect of the Brahmans (Ban. p. 66); *dd-ddn zdg-dan gydb-ce* W. to date (lit. to write down the number of month and day) ; grans O de'bs-pa or rtsi-ba to count Cs. grans-brdd (Cs. Gram. 235) sym- bolical numerals, certain nouns, which in some books are used instead of the usual numerals, e.g. mig, eye, for 'two'. grdiis-pa to grow cold, v. grdn- ba III. grdb-rgydg pride, boasting Sch. grabs 1. preparation, arrangements, measures; a contrivance, grabs byed- pa to make preparations for, to be on the point of, frq., yro-bai grabs byed-pa, to make preparations for departing, ysod-grdbsyod-pai fse-na just as preparations were made for slaughtering them Mil.; *Ko kyug (Ihab)he'* C. he is getting sick, is going to vomit; Kdb-grabs, Q dzin-grabs the making one's self ready for combat. 2. col. also for gros, deliberation, *ne cir dhab )he' dug* C. they are deliberating about me; *nan-ndn-ni dabs fun-ne* W. on mutual agreement. y ram -P a 1- swamp, marsh, fen Lex. 2. ^grem-pa Mng. cnq* 9 ra l> SsK' ^Tfe 1- row, series, class, "^ esp. a row of persons, gral(-du) sgrig- pa to order, to dispose in rows, in rank and file; grdl-gyi fog-ma, hag, gon, more frq. gral-mgo the upper end of a row, the up- permost place, the seat at the head of the table; fd-ma, ,og or gral-mjug^-yzug} the lower end; gral mgo-ma the first, the head person Mil.\ yyas-grdl the right-hand end, yyon-grdl the left-hand end; gral-rim C. claim, title, rgan-yzon- gral-rim the right of seniority ; grdl-pa a beer-house customer; gral-ytdm tap-house talk Mil.; dban-grdl the row of supplicants for a benediction; meed -grogs dan dban-grdl mfun dus-su Mil. if you sit with your fellow-believers in one row, on one mat; *ce-ddl-la cud son* W. he has entered into the row, the class, of adults. 2. bench. 3. propor- tionality (?), *zen-rin dal-med dan* W. with his disproportioned length and breadth, his unwieldiness. 4. *mi zig-la clal zig <]ig- ce* W. (lit. sgrig-pa} W. to play a trick to a person. grdl-ma a small beam, rafter, Cs.; grdl-bu, gral-pydm S.g. roof-laths, sticks which are laid close together and covered with earth. 9 ra& c ' ass ' order, series; rank, dignity; tribe Cs. grds-pa 1. for drds-pa. 2. to bind, v. grdgs-pa. i- gri (so pronounced in Pur.} 1. knife, "^ g-ris y cod-pa, *di dan cdd-ce* W., to cut with a knife, but also grir riidm-pa, y sod- pa, ^um - pa Ma : to kill with a knife ; q-n->maq c/ri-so, gri-dno, gn-k'd the edge of a knife : gri-ldm lit. 'the path of the knife', the cut, incision; gri-giig Pth. a short, crooked sabre or sword, falchion, cimeter; g-ri-sd flesh of a man that has been killed with a sword, (used in sorcery). 2. Lt.: dar-mai ///// ^Tj'^^j" gri-mdg v. grib-ma. ^ir-rr- grin-pa Mil., prob. = sgrin-po skil- ful, clever. rnq- t/rib 1 . shade, grib - kyi pu Glr. the shady part of a valley on the north side of a mountain range, cf. sribs; grib- pyogs the side not exposed to the sun, north side, col., grib-lhdgs the coolness of the shade, the cool shade Sch.; grib-ma *di-mdg* W. shadow (cast by an object); del grib - ma gd/'t - la pog-pa on whom hi s shadow falls; gnb -f sod a dial Cs. 2. spot, filth, defilement, contamination, mostly in a religious sense: gnb yon pollution a- rises; ro-grib defilement by a corpse; grib- sel name of a Buddha; grib-(ki/is) non-gyi ydon a demon that defiles and poisons the food, a harpy; *K6-la (lib pog son* W. C. he is crack-brained, not in his right mind ; *dib-can* stubborn, refractory, whether from stupidity, or from ill-will. grim-pa to hasten, to hurry Sch. grim-tee Sik. a pair of scissors. srisisr ff* MedJ ( Lex - ^dV* q uadran ~ gular, regular, harmonious) Schr.: intelligent, clever. cnGT 9!- ( c f- <-9'ril~ba) & roll, sog-gril roll- ^ ed paper, a paper - roll ; gos - gril a garment folded up 6s.; gril-Ka byed-pa to make up a parcel Sch. q, gru 1. boat, ferry, ship, vessel, also a hide -d blown up with air, used for crossing rivers = *kc>-<lhu* 6'. ; gmi-sdn id. ; gvu-sdn- pa ferry-man; gm-la zon-pa to go on a ferry. Comp. gru-K'a, gm-sdn-k'a, gru-bta/i- sa C. starting- or landing-place of a ferry. gm-gld, gm-btsds fare, passage-money, a boat-man's fee. grit-pa ferry-man. gni-dpon ship-master, master of a vessel. gnt-bo, gen. gm-yzins, ship. gru- r grub-pa 77 O dzm (litd'H) ancient name of Tatta, at the mouth of the Indus, ancestral seat of the Shukya race, whence the name is trans- ferred to the residence of the Dalai Lama in Lhasa, v. Kopp. II, 342. 2. (6s. gi-u- mci) angle, corner, convex or concave, also edge, border, brim; gru-ysum, gnt-bzi etc. triangle, quadrangle; gm-j-sum-pa trian- gular; dkyil-Jcor gru-bzi-pa zig O bri-ba to draw a quadrangular figure, a square; O dom- gdt'i gm-bzi, a surface six feet square ; dbyibs gm-bzir yod S.g.; *du-nar-can* W. rhom- boidal ; giii-yon,Cs.gm-gyel, oblique angled ; gru-drdn right-angled 6s. ; gm-tfun v. mfo- gon. yul-gru place, village, town, country. 3. lustre, of precious stones, gru-dmdr a reddish lustre Mil.nt. rjyrn* grii-gu 1. clew, hank. 2. n. of a NS ' country. ^n'fS^" gru-cdr 'a fine, fertile rain' Sch. CT-jf gru -mo, gre-mo elbow, grii- mor k'a-tvdm-ka bzuti-ba hold- ing a trident in his arm Pth.- de-la gru- moi pul-rdeg i'ig byds-nas pushing him with his elbow Mil.; gm-sug byed-pa id.; grit-moi Kug, the hollow of the elbow-joint Glr. ^HVT gru-sd, or g-ru-sd, n. of a country Pth. cncn'CJ" 9 r uy~P a to break into small pieces, >d ' to crumble, to bruise DzL; gn'tg-pai Jbras bruised rice Schr.; riis-pa cag-griigs fracture of a bone Med.; grvgs-bu some- thing broken. EVZ^f 9 n>t '' l -b a > gn<"-po, fem .grun- ' d mo 1. wise, prudent Mil.; also: gru/is-pa lags very learned Sir! Thgr. - 2. meek, mild, gentle 6's. cnq* 9^ Ld. all, *Jub si son* all are dead; ^ *dub zas son* it has all been eaten up, (v. the next word). __... gritb-pa, pf. of O gritb-pa 1. made <= ready, complete; perfect; (ma gn'tb- pa also: not existing); grub-pai rait-byon spyan-ras-yzigs Glr. the perfect, by him- self originated, Awalokiteswara = Uritn-</i/ix grub-pa-, don fams-cdd gnib-pa, don-grub, ^raftrt, tWT^ 'the fulfilment of every wish' n. of Buddha, also of a spell or 78 grum-pa grogs magic formula. grub-pa lus Med. either : the frame, the structure of the body, or more prob. an abbreviation of pun-po Ind- las grub-pai lus Med., v. pun-po. 2. the state of perfection, grub -pa fob-pa to attain to this state, grub-fob f^g- one that has attained to it, a saint; grub - brnyes, grub-mcog id. ; grub mfd (C'.col. *dhum- fd*) Ssk. fo^rRf opinion, theory Zam.; pyi- ndn-gi grub-mfa ma O cdms-par Glr. there being no conformity of opinion between Brahmanists and Buddhists; also n. of a philosophical work, Was. 262. ma-grub- pa, grub-pa-me'd-pa? cnrr^r grum-pa 1. S.g. n. of a burrowing <3 animal, Sch.: badger. 2. pf. of O grum-pa lamed, crippled, grum-po a maim- ed person, a cripple; grum-bu, grum-ndd gout, rheumatism, = fsig-ndd; drag-grum gout, podagra; *sa-dum* W., a feeling of lameness in the limbs. g-rum - tse a thick woolen blanket Milnt. grul-bum a class of demons, grul- ^o ^ bum -mo female demons; there are also horned demons of this kind. grus-po C. a yak two or three years old. HJ* gre a Naksatra, v. rgyu-skdr. gre-gaC.as\\eel of paper (W.*sog-gdii*') z^rq- gre-ba the fore-part of the neck, the "* throat, both the wind -pipe and the gullet; *de-wa de-mo*, or *nydn-pa dug* W. he has a good voice, sings well; gre (-ba) gdgs(-pa) Med. hoarseness; *de-wa tdn-ce* Ld. to join in singing or shouting; gre-ba ddr-ba a snoring or rattling in the throat; *de-bsdl tdn-ce* W. to hawk, to hem, to clear the throat. gre-bo a species of demons; gre -mo 1. female demons of this kind. 2. v. gru-mo. e-mdg, vulg. for grd-ma awn. gr&mog-Jht W. ant, emmet. 9 reu P ea ? pease, mon-sran-greu ace. to Wdn. = ?rr^ gres-ma the flashing, lightening, shin- ing Schr. cfy f/i'o 1. wheat, gro-yos parched grains of wheat, parched corn; gro-sog stalk of wheat, wheat - straw. 2. breakfast, taken late in the forenoon or about noon, gro O degs-pa Glr., also *dho Jbog-pa* C. to take breakfast, = fsdl-ma zd-ba. *do zig* W. a morning's march, short day's march, reaching quarters already at 10 or 11 o'cl. a.m. gro-ga, W. also *do-u'a*, the thin bark of the birch - tree, frq. used to write on (esp letters), or for ornamenting bows etc. Mil. r gro-bo, gro-mo reddish gray. gro -ma 1. = gro 2. 2. n. of a medicinal herb Wdn. 3. *dho-ma, gya-rjho* C. potato. rjTcn'if' grog-po {Lex. T^j) 1- a deep dell, ravine, lateral valley C. ; grog - cu brook, rivulet; grog-yzdr a torrent pouring down in a ravine. 2. W. = grog-ca. grog - ma , grog - mo ant, emmet; grog-tsdn, grog- mK'dr ant-hill; grog - spur ace. to some = grog-ma, ace. to others some other insect. " grog-zin n. of a medicine Wdn. definite form is grogs-po, fern, g mo; Ka - grogs a seeming friend, a false friend; ytih-grogs a true friend; sdig-pai grogs-po-la rten-na if he attaches himself to bad friends Dzl:; snyin-gi grogs-po in- timate friend, bosom - friend Pth. ; grogs- po(r) byed-pa to make friendship, to enter into connexion with, to make a league, ma- mfon-ma-prdd-pai grogs-po byas, they join- ed in friendship without knowing each other Glr. kye grogs-po ho, friend! Pth. 2. associate, companion, comrade, grogs-po- dag company, society Dzl. also used as address: comrades! friends! or more respectfully: honoured friends! honoured 70 gentlemen! Sty.; fellow, grogs -Jcyeu play- fellow, play-mate Dzl.; dpun-grogs fellow- combatant, brother in arms; O diig- grogs, resp. bzugs-grogs inmate, fellow-lodger A///., *ddti-rog* W., (v. bran-sa) id.; also neigh- bour W., C.; dgd-grogs, ytdn-grogs, grogs, companion in life, spouse, husband, wife, grogs mi rnyed she cannot get a husband Mil.; fse O dii grogs- skdl a man's destination as to marriage, the matrimonial lot assigned by fate Glr. ; O dod-grogs, mdzd-grogs, bzdn- grogs C. one beloved, lover, sweet - heart, mdl-grogs resp. yzim-grogs bed-fellow (not only 'concubine' Cs.); dmdg-grogs ally, con- federate (in war), hence also : 3. assist- ant, fellow-labourer, Ids-grogs journeyman, under -workman; grogs byed-pa to help; rgdn-mo mcod-rfen skud-pai grogs by as they helped the old woman in anointing the pyramid Dzl.', rtsig- grogs byed-pa to help in building a house ; at present in 6'. a word of courteousness in making requests : *ten rog nan (ynan) be so kind as to show me; *nan rog dze'* would you kindly give me; *dha na ton rog dzo'*novf please let me go! cf. rogs. gfir- groh an inhabited place, a human ha- * bitation, house, village, town, brgyd- gron, ston-gron a place of a hundred, of a thousand houses or house - holds (mi- Comp. gr&h-fcyer \. a large town, city, B. and C., groh-Kyer (gyi) incog chief city, capital Tar. 2. fig. place, scene, sphere, (e.g. this world is a scene of illusions Mil.) gron-grans the number of houses in a village or town. gr&n-mcog Mil., groit- mcog O drim-pa, O gro-ba, rgyug-pa one that wanders about among the peasantry as a fortune-teller; clerical charlatan, hedge- priest. groh-ytdm prob. = groh-fsig - gron - rddl (Lex. 5Rq^ 'an extension of houses') a large town, also a suburb. grofi-pa i. W. a villager, peasant. 2. C. = gron. gron-po gron Mil. groii-dpon village -chief, Sch. gron- mi peasant. - groh - fsig Lex. provincialism. gron - fso village, borough. gron-bzis farm Sch. gron-yul village Mil. cfr~n- groh-ba C. col. for gran-ba cold, in Glr. occasionally. SfK'SJ" grod-pa 1 . belly, grod-fsil suet 2. col. stomach; of ruminating animals the first stomach or paunch. 3. a dried paunch, or bullock's stomach, for keeping oil etc. Glr. gron-can disadvantageous, injuri- ous, gron-ce very noxious, gron- med harmless, innoxious Lex. pf. of O grol-ba, as sbst. = the having been delivered, deliverance (from the pain of existence). gros 1. advice, counsel, gros O debs-pa B. to give advice; gros byed-pa B., *dos gydb-ce* W., to consider, to deliberate ; to resolve, decide; gros O dri-ba to ask (a person's) advice, to consult (with one); gros- dri-sa the place where advice may be asked, an oracle Glr.; gros-pa adviser, counsellor, senator; gros-mi id., head-man of a village; gros mfun-par by unanimous decree, unanimously Dzl. 2. speech, talk, = )tam Mil nt. 3. council (?). - 4. Cs.: care, heed, caution, gros-can careful, cautious, gros-med careless, heedless, nr yla pay, wages, fee, gla zd-bato live on ^ wages, to work for daily wages Dzl. ; gla-lto food and wages; c/ld-pa, gld-bo (col.), gla -mi a day-labourer, hired workman, gld-mo (Cs. gld-pa-mo) fern. zjrq* ffte-ba 1- the musk-deer, Moschus mo- ^ schiferus, gld-mo the female of it, gla-prug the young of it; gld-bai Ite-ba musk-bag (lit. navel); gld-rtsi (W.*lar-si*\ Ssff. eRTgr^ mus\i>yld-rtsi-me-tog Pedicularis megalantha, *gla-dd-ra* W. Delphinium moschatum, two alpine plants smelling strongly of musk; gla-sgdn n. of a medi- cinal root 6s.; gla-gldd v. glan-glad. 2. n. of a pretty large tree, similar to, or the same as stdr-bu Glr. nor q-nrar 9 la 9> b y a ~9 la 9 eagle, vulture; ' ^ I glag Krd-mo Sch., lag-fyi* W. (an eagle which is said to bark like 80 a dog), rgyab-gldg perh. different species of eagles. gldg-pa often used erroneously in- stead of rlag-pa. glags opportunity, occasion, possibi- lity, glays O fsol-bd to seek an occa- sion, to look for an opportunity; da glags rnyed-par dug now the favourable point of time seems to have come Glr.; esp. opportunity of doing harm to another, of getting a hold on him; glags rnyed-par mi gyur, he will not be able to get at you, to do you harm ; yso-glags med there is no possibility of helping him, he is incurable Med.; bzod- glags med intolerable, insup- portable, frq. ni- glan (Bal. */&*/**) 1 . OX, bullock. - 81 2. elephant. 3 Taurus, the Bull, in the zodiac. Comp. glan- glad 'bullock- or elephant- brains'; soap being made of such, ace. to popular belief: C. soap (Schr. gla-glad). gldn-to the Indian bison, Bos taurus indi- cus, Lh. glan-fug, glan ^.og-can a bull. glan-ddr-ma n. of a king of Tibet, liv- ing about 1000 after Christ, notorious for his hostility against the hierarchy of the Lamas. -- glan-dor a team of bullocks. glan-snd the trunk or proboscis of an ele- phant; a plant so called on account of the long spiral spur of its corolla, Pedicularis Hookeriana. glan-po glan. glan- po-ce, glan-cen, elephant, gldn-mo a female elephant, glan-prug the young of an ele- phant. glan-bu a young bullock, glan- ru a bullock's horn; also a large fork used by the Tibetan soldiers to rest the musket on, when firing (Hook. II., 235). pa- gldfi = glan-fug. $ lafl > ( J lan ~ fabs Med -> r zer - glan W., colic, gripes, spasms in the stomach, and similar affec- tions; glan-su Med.? 91C'3T yl"' ~ ma a I ar 8 e kind of alpine willow. me' glad 1. the head, glad -la round ^ the head, e.g. to brandish a sword, Glr.; as postposition used in a general gpg glin-bu sense: close over, cui glad-la close over the water. 2. brain Med., cf. kldd-pa. yl('td-pa to thin Sch. Cf. lhad, sldd- pa. mr-rt' ylan-pa 1. ylon-pa, to patch, botch, mend; glan brgydb-pa Sch., gldn- par byed-pa Lt. id.; Ihdn-pa gldn-pa to sew on a patch Lex. 2. to return, Ian an answer, to reply, rejoin Lex. 3. C. col for glen-pa; so also occasionally in books. " gldl-ba to yawn. fc, P r P- island, but usually: continent, part of the globe, viz. one of the four imaginary parts of the earth, as taught by the geographers of Tibet, or rather of ancient India: lus-pdgs the part east of the Sumeru, of a semicircular shape; O dzam-bu-gliii in the south, triangular; ba- glah-spyod in the west, circular; sgra-mi- snydn in the north, square. The general character of the first of these parts is de- scribed as being zi-ba tranquil; that of the second as being rgyds-pa rich ; that of the third as being dbati-lddn strong, and that of the fourth as being drdg-po wild. In a more general sense: region, country, so Ne- pal is frq. denominated rin-po-cei glin, the country of jewels and treasures, Urgyan mKa-groi glin the country of the Dakini, as is also Lahoul, in local chronicles; byai glin region or country of birds Glr.; the word is also not unfrequently a component part of the names of towns and villages. glin-prdn prop, a little island, generally one of the small continents, of which there are eight, ace. to the above mentioned geographical system; also island in general. glin-ka a small uncultivated river- is- land, or low-land C. glin-bu (Ssk. ^r) fife, flageolet, made of one piece of wood and much like those used in Europe as play-things for children; it is the common musical instru- ment of herdsmen, and often consists of two pipes; pred-glin flute, piccolo- flute. mostly of metal; dge-glin a larger musical SI' ^ N3 instrument like a hautboy, used in sacred ceremonies; rkan-glw lit. a fife made of the human femural bone, but sometimes also of metal. CT- glu (Ssk. ?fYfa) song, tune, mostly, Q though not always , of a profane na- ture, opp. to religious hymns; glu-dbydns, glu-sgrd, id.; the word is also used of the singing of birds; glu-cun a little song, ditty, hummed by a person Glr.; glu -res alter- nate song; glu-gar-rtsed-po rejoicings of every kind Glr. ; glu len-pa B., *lu gydb- pa* C., *tdn-ce* W., to sing. 9 lud > blud > glud-fsab a ransom, a thing giv- en as a ransom, srog-gi glud a ransom for one's life Lex.; Koi glud-du lug brgya ysod- pa, to slaughter a hundred sheep as a ran- som Mil.; *lu'-la tan* C. he is made an expiator, a scape-goat; *mi-ln* C. in a spe- cial sense: a man's image which in his stead is cast away in the ytor-ma : there- fore *Ko mi-lu' yin* C. he is a curse, an anathema, one deserving to be cursed (ni.f.). rglum boiled barley, wheat, or rice, used instead of malt in brewing beer (not for food). gj. qle 1. Glr. 60. a small uncultivated is- land, = glin-ka (Ld. *zal*). 2. n. of the capital of Ladak, usually sle. nl-nrxy^T' gle- dams n. of a distemper Cs.; involuntary discharge from the bowels, or of urine Sch. y lc $ s ( Cs - gty s - ma ) table ' board > plate; zdns-kyi glegs-bu copper-plate Tar. 26, 10; glegs-bdm (H^cfi) book, also dpe-ca glegs-bdm Glr.; glegs-bdm mdn-po bzens-so he made a present of, dedicated, many books (for the use of a temple); glegs-sin the wooden boards which in a Tibetan book supply the binding; glcgs-fdg a thong etc. fastened round a book; glegs- cdb a buckle, clasp, or ring attached to this thong. sgo-glegs the pannel of a door; *num-lag* writing -tablet, a small board, blackened, greased, and strewed over with scraped chalk, on which the school-children write with wood-pencils. If ff io 81 glen-la, pf . glcfm to say, talk, con- verse, ytam (-dii) glen-ba id., resp. ysun glen-ba; ( ldm-la ma far' zes glens-nas as word was sent: 'the road is not pas- sable!' Glr.; ytam glen-ba ni bddg-gis byas I have made this speech S.O. ; ycig glen ynyis glen rim-pas mced-de btsun-moi bdr- du glen-zin the rumour spreading from one to the other, until it came before the queen Pf/i.; cos-kyi sgrog-glen byed-pa, (resp. mdzdd-pd), to preach Glr. ; gros-glen council, consultation, perh. also disputation. Comp. and deriv. gleit-bijod, glen-mo sbst. conversation, discourse, lecture, glen- Irjod ma man dar-ycig yson listen a little to a short discourse Mil.; cos -ytam glen- mo byed let us converse on religious sub- jects Mil. ; glen-mo the act of speaking, opp. ioyi-ge, the act of writing, the written letter etc. Lex. glen-yzi 1. the subject of a discourse 6s. 2. table of contents, index S.O. and elsewh. 3. place, scene, of a conversation or discourse Stg. frq. glen-ba-po, glen-mo -mtfan a story-teller 6s.; glen-Jbum 'a hundred thousand stories', title of a book, Sch. nYr-q- glen-pa 1. B. and C. stupid, foolish, glen Ikugs bkol-spyod-kyi sdug-bsiidl the misery of stupidity, of dumbness and of servitude (the state of animals) Thgi:; byol-son-las kyan glen-po more stupid than a brute Mil. ; fool, Kyod-rnams re glen fools that you are all of you Dzl. ; often in the sense of 'fool' in the Bible, = the wicked, the ungodly: glen-pa yti-mug-can infatuated fools Dzl. 3Q, 9 = profaners of holy things; *len-ndg* W. id.; *len-ndg-gi pe-ra* foolish talk. 2. W.: idle, lazy, dull, imbecile, e.g. a sickly child, an animal affected with a disease (opp. to *tdm-pa, sdn-po* being in good health, active, lively). gleb-pa, pf. glebs, to make flat, plain Cs., leb-mor gleb Lex. glem-pa to press, squeeze; to crush, squash Stg., C. If ah (Ld. K * Wo *)> res P' s > L the ' side, esp. of the body, glos pdb-pa to lie down on one's side (lit. by G 82 glo-ba dgd-ba means of the side); glo-ca (/>(/. */c/o'-m*) ornaments, suspended on the side of the body, strings of pearls, shells etc., worn by women in the girdle; also in a general sense: srdn-gi glo )'yas yyon-na on both sides of the street Sty. ; perh. also side of a house, wall, in the expression: *kun-me lo tol* the thieves broke through the wall W.; glo-skdr window Pth. 2. saddle- girth W. 3. cough, *lo gydg-pa* C. to cough; (Sch. has: to err, to act foolishly, to lose, to neglect); *lo Idn-wa* C. to cough; ytt-Ua sra a bad cough Sch.; *lo-Jcog* C., W., cough; glo-rgydl Lt a chronic cough; glo-bstud Lt a permanent short cough. 4. Not quite clear is the etymology in glo rdeg-pa Sch.: to be frightened, timid, and glo rdeg (~tu) suddenly, = glo-bur q.v. Sn*n* ylo-ba the lungs, glo-ba ma Ina prob. the five posterior lobes of the lungs, glo-ba bu Ina the five anterior ones Med.; glo -Ha of a colour like the blood of the lungs, pale-red Sch,; glo-don windpipe 6s. glo-rdol a disease of the lungs; glo-rko perh. the same. glo-sbubs (Sch. spub) wind-pipe. *gU^ro* W. prob. pulmonary consumption. glo lu-ba Lt. 'convulsion of the lungs' Cs., or simply: cough, v. lu-ba. glo-bur 1. suddenly, instantaneously, also glo -bur -du^ glo -bur -bar; glo- bur -du mi mdn-po O ci-bai sdug-bsndl the calamity of many men dying suddenly; glo-bur-ndd diseases that arise on a sudden (opp. to lhan-skyes inherited diseases) Med. glo-bur-ba adj., glo-bur-bai don the sig- nification of suddenness Lex. 2. Cs.: 're- cently, glo-bur-du ^.ons-pa a new comer'. nyn qjr- glo- bur a rise, an elevation above ^ ^ a surface Sch. SJCT- glog (Bal. and Kh. *%log*\ col. also ' glog ka, lightning, flash of lightning; glog Jbar it lightens; glog Kyug id.; glog Kyiig-pai yun tsdm-las ma Ion-par with the rapidity of lightning Mil.; glog rgyit-ba the flashing of light, Dzl. ; glog-sprin thun- der-cloud, also as a symbol of the transi- toriness of things. z|prr]' g Ing-pa a disease, = lhog-pa. ^Tr-rj- glod-pa 1. to loosen, relax, slacken vb.a. Cs. 2. to comfort, console; to cheer up Sch.; glod-la rgyun-du bzugs your honour may be easy about staying here always Mil, cf. Utod-pa. 3. U: to give, ma bzun ma gl6d(-par} without any regard to taking or giving Glr. glon-pa, gldn-pa 1. to return an answer, to reply. 2. to patch, to mend, cf. klon-pa etc. m<5*ff*(j]* glidn-dho-la n. of a mountain in K' O Lh., perh. incor. instead ofgan- dho-la q.v.; it may also be de- rived from VTU^I bell, and thus the word would signify the same as dril-bu-ri, which is the name of another holy mountain, at the foot of which the nobleman's seat Gondla is situated. " dgdg-pa v. O gcgs-pa. " dgdt'i-ba v. ^ens-pa. dgah-yzdr v. yzar. dgdd-mo V gdd-mo. ^^nq'^J" dgdb-pa v. O gebs-pa. ^cnp-q- dgd-ba (Ld. col. *yd-ce*} I. vb. to rejoice, to be rejoiced or glad, la at, in, or of; de-la dgd-ste, rejoiced at it, glad of it, mi dgd-ste grieved, vexed, indignant at it; Brims yod-pa-la dgd-nas if you wish to have the law introduced Glr. ; ysod- pa-la dgd-zin sanguinary, de- lighting in blood-shed Dzl. ; bu-mo de-nyid- la dgd-bas, as I wish to have none other but this girl Dzl.; bod-la dgd-ba ycig kyait ma byun nobody took an interest in Tibet Glr.; Jcyed cii pyir mi dga why are you so dejected, low-spirited? dga bzin-du with pleasure (e.g. I shall accept it) ; rarely with the gerund: bram-ze da-run O dug-ste rab- tu dga-nas much rejoicing, very glad, when (that) the Brahmin was still there Dzl.; with the termin. of the inf. : to do a thing readily, willingly, nydn-par dgd-ba to like dgd-ba 83 df/dr-ba to hear, to listen eagerly; to be willing, sw zig O dug-par dgd-na if anybody will stay here voluntarily DzL; to have a mind, to intend, to wish, Kyodrdb-tu byun-bar dgd- am do you intend to take orders? DzL; bddy-gis ras Q di . . . sbyin-par dgao I should like to present this cloth to ... Dzl. : med- par byd-bar dgd-na as I wish to annihi- late . . . Dzl.; gar dgd-bar (or gar dgd-ba der) son go whereever you like DzL; sel- dom with the accus.: O dzom-pa de dga-ste as you now enjoy an abundance Mil.; with the instr. case: des dgd-bar sog-cig, niay you be cheered, comforted by it DzL; frq. absolutely: dgd-bar byed-pa to make glad, to rejoice, C. also: to caress, to fondle. II. sbst. joy, dgd~bai j-tam byed-pa to express one's joy DzL; dgd-bai sems id.; de-la rdb-fu dgd-bai sems skyes-so he found . great delight in it DzL ; compounds v. below. III. adj. 1. glad, pleased, enjoying, na dgd-ba ma yin-pas as I was not pleased with it DzL; de-la mi dgd-ba, W.*mi gd- Jcan*, not favourably disposed towards, un- friendly, inimical to; dgd-bar byed-pa to make glad, to delight, bu cun dgd-ba byed- pai yo - bydd things which delight little children, play-things Glr. Less frq. 2. charming, sweet, pleasing, agreeable, beauti- ful, Ihdg-par dgd-ru O gro she is getting more and more beautiful; C. in a general sense: good, cf. below: dga-bde. 3. as a proper name = f^ Tar. Comp. and deriv. dga-grdgs jir-ba to give cheers, to raise shouts of joy Mil. dga-grogs a participator of joy, gen. with reference to husband or wife (col. *ga- rog*). dga-wigu great joy, d(/a-mgu-ba, dga-mgu-rdn-ba to have great pleasure, to be very glad, to be delighted, frq., dgd- zin mgu-la yi-rdns-pdr O gyiir-ba id. Glr. frq.; yet dga-mgur spyod-pa to indulge in sensual pleasure Pth., Stg., bu-mo dan with a girl. clga-ston feast, public festivity; dga-sfon-gyi fddn-sa the place of a feast Glr.; bsu-ba dgd-ba festivities of welcome Glr. ; dga-stdn byed-pa to celebrate a festi- val; Q gyed-pa to spread a feast, to distribute festival dishes ; fig. rnd - bai dga - ston a feast or treat to the ears Glr. dga-bde 1. joy, lus sems dga-bdes fey db- par Q gyur Glr. 2. (Ts. col. *</awW) good, = ydg- po, (of servants, dogs etc.) 6'.; * mi-la ga- d' )ltf-pa* to treat a person kindly, with affection C. dga- dun wedding, nuptial festivities Sch. (seems to be a word not generally known). dga- dod n. of the plain of Lhasa, or at least of the northern part of it. dga-lddn joyful 1. n. of a residence of gods, or of one of the heavens, Ssk. <jfij7! v. Kopp. I. 265. 2. n. of one of the great monasteries near Lhasa, found- ed by Tsongkhapa, about the year 1407, v. Kopp. II, 345. 3. yzuh - sa dga - Idem n. of the royal castle of residence at Lha- sa; dga-lddn-pa n. of a sect = dge-lugs- pa. dga -bo = dga-bde 2. good C. - dga-sdug-drag-zan good and bad, strong and weak, of articles of merchandise and the like C. dga-spro joy, dga-spro dpag- tu - med -pa fob-pa yin he entered into a state of indescribable joy Mil. dgd-ma n. of the goddess of joy Cs. dga-ma- O ddr C., W. (col. *gd-man-ddr*} the trem- bling with joy, the state of being enrap- tured, in ecstasy. dgd-mo 1. delightful, pleasing, charming, of news, of a speech W., of a landscape Mil. 2. delighted, joyous, cheerful W., *sem gd-mo rag* I am cheer- ful; *gd-mo-can* W. id.; * gd-mo jM -pa* C. to caress, to fondle. 3. pure,holy Sch., DzL, prob. also Mil. ; cos-pa dgd-mo a godly priest. dga-fsor joy, *Ko ga-fsor mdn-po jhe'* C. he is very joyful; dga-fsor ce-ba grati- fying, delightful Mil. dga -'runs being glad, rejoicing, *dM-la ga-rdii (Ihdg-te* ( '. being greatly delighted with it, dga-Hs v. ga-ri, gd-za. ___. (Igar dgd-bar, raii-dgdr at plea- ' ' sure, ad libitum, frq.: n dgar l*t/i. seems to mean: why. dgdr-ba I. to separate, confine, fold up (men, cattle, goods), </<//-/>//<// pyugs cattle to be penned in a fold ( Is. ; ynds-nas dgdr-ba to banish, to exile; dgdr- bai don-du in a special sense, in particu- 84 dgal-ba lar Sch. *gdr - te bor-ce* W. to set a- part, exclude, shut out; to lock up, shut up, to lay up or by, to preserve; *gdr- gya co-ce* W. to Store up; *tob-ci gdr-ce* to button up. 2. to hang up, to fasten, to attach, *dhar-coy fdg-pa-la* C. a flag to a rope. Cf. skdr-ba. dydl-ba v. O gel-ba. dgds-pa v. O gds-pa. Say dgu \. nine, dgu-bcu (fdm-pa} ninety; Vj dgu-bcu rtsa ycig, or ao-ciy, W. *gu- bcu-go-cig* ninety one etc.; dgu-pa 1. the ninth. 2. having, comprising, measuring, nine, e.g. Kru-dgu-pa measuring nine cubits (in length, height etc.); dyu-po the nine, those nine; Ian -dgu nine times; dgu-nin three years ago col. 2. many, dgu-cig id. Mil. ; fobs dgus bsags, gathered by many efforts, with great difficulty; used as sign of the plural: sky e- dgu men, skye-dgui bddg-po (Ssk. ngrnrfTf) tue ^ or( ^ f crea ~ tures, the lord of men; skye-dgui-bddg-mo n. of the aunt and wet-nurse of Buddha; yod-dgu Lex. those that are, the existing beings; nor yod-dgu -cog Mil. the goods that one has, property; bzdn-dgu Lex. the good and the brave (among men); lus O dod dgur sgyur-ba to be changed, transformed, ad libitum Mil. ; nan-dyu fub-pa Lt. to over- come every evil ; mi ses dgu ses-po Thgy. he that knows every thing ; *mi jhe' yu jhe 1 mi yon gu yon* C. if you do many things which ought not to be done, many things will take place which ought not to take place ; ci-ba yid - kyi dgu - la mi byed - de Thgy. not counting death among things to be thought of. 3. inst. of dyun, dgu- zld winter -month Mil. frq -- zer - dgu, smra-dgu?? ' dgu-Kri litter, bier C. dyu-?tor, for fses nyer-dgui ytor- ma, a sacrifice on the 29th day of the month W. dgu -tub 'all -conquering', n. of a plant. rara- dgu-pritgs Mil, Thg., a parti- >J NS ' cular kind of meditation. ^cn*q* dgu-ba 1. vb. to bend, to make \J crooked; *go gii-ce* Ld. to bend, bow, stop; to submit. 2. sbst. the act of bending, bowing, inflection. 3. adj. bent, stooping; dgu-po, dgu-mo Cs. id. dgu-rtsegs n. of a yellow flower rqr srqwy* fsi'gs sky a -mo the galaxy, the milky way Mil. dgu-mtsdn prize (of combat) 6'. dgug-pa v. O gug-pa. rcn^- dguit, another form for gun (the SJ former of the two appears to be pre- valent) 1. the middle. 2. noon, mid-day. - 3. mid-night. 4. heaven, dyuii-la reg it reached up to heaven Mil. dguit stion- po the blue heaven, yd-gi dgun-siion the blue heaven above Mil.; dgun-du (or -la) fsegs-pa (lit. to repair, to withdraw, to heaven) to die Mil. and elsewh. 5. be- fore dates, esp. before the word lo, it ser- ves as a respectful word, and is e.g. frq. used in stating the age of a Buddha or a king; yet it occurs also in compounds, where no such bearing is discernible: dgun- zdg, dyun-zla 6s.; dguit-do-niib Mil. this evening, to-night; dgun-snyin a year, a year of one's life; dgun-'Kdg division of time (?) ; dguit-bdun a week. (6s. has also dgun-fig, and dguii-flg-gi dkyil-Jfor, which terms were prob. framed by him, and meant to denote the meridian line and meridian circle.) dyun-mo evening Sch , perh. a cor- ruption of dgon-mo. Ka * winter . dg ^ n is also used adverbially: in winter (-time), during winter; dgun-dus winter -time; dgun-fog, dyun-fog-fdg, W. * gun -fag -fog*, all the winter through; *gun fse re* W. every winter; dyun grdit-bai dus-na during the cold of winter Dzl. ; d,gun-nyi-ldog the win- 85 dgum-pa dge-ba ter solstice; dgun-nyi-ldog-gi fly, or Kor- fig the tropic of Capricorn Cs. (cf. the re- mark at the end of dyui'i) ; dgun-stod, dgun- smdd the first and the last half of winter, (v. dus). J* dgum-pa v. O gitm-pa. cl 9 u >', rgur, sgur, three different spellings of the ^ same root, all of them pronounced *#>*, crooked, dbyibs-dgur of crooked stature S.g. ; rgur zig stoop down ! bend your back! Dzl. ; sgur-te writhing (with pain) DzL; sgur-po crooked, hump- backed, by birth Lt.-, with age Thgy.; C. col. *gur-gur* id.; mgo dgitr-ba to duck, to bend vb.n.; to submit, to humble one's self (cf. dgii-ba). Cs.: dgur-po, dgur-mo a crooked man, a crooked woman; fsigs-dgur a crooked back, crook-backed; lag-dgur having crooked hands etc. ; dgur- gro of a stooping gait. dgus 1. instr. of dgu. 2. ., W., this day five days (the present day included). (Ssk. -apj, ^r^f, %^^ ; also ^*$rnii"seldom *re) 1. happi- ness, welfare; happy, propitious^" dge-zin sis- pa Wdii. More frq. : 2. virtue (opp. to mi- dge-ba, and sdig-pci), also adj. virtuous, sems dge-ba a virtuous mind Glr., las dge-ba, mi-dge-ba good and bad actions Stg, ; dge- bai rtsd-ba roots of virtue, meritorious ac- tions, from which afterwards the fruits of reward come forth ; dge-rtsa skycd-pa frq., spyod-pa Thgy., byed-pa Mil. to produce such a root, to achieve a meritorious ac- tion; dge-ba sems-par O gyur-ba to become inclined to virtue, i.e. converted DzL] dge- fsogs (v. fsogs) a virtuous work, a good deed; dge-ba bcu the ten virtues, viz. 1. srog mi ycod-pa, not to kill anything living (by which Buddhism has replaced our scriptural interdiction of murder); 2. ma byin-par mi len-pa not to take what has not been given (those who closely stick to the word go even so far, that they will not touch or accept an alms, unless it be put into their hands); 3. log-par mi yy em- pa not to fornicate; 4. rdzun mi smni-lxt not to tell a lie; 5. fsig-rtsub mi smrd-ba not to abuse or revile; (}. iiag-kyul (or Jcyat) mi smrd-ba not to talk foolishness (cf. kydl-kd)', 7. prd-ma mi byed-pa not to calumniate; 8. brndb-sems mi byed pa not to be avaricious or covetous; 9. ynod-sems mi byed-pa not to think upon doing harm or mischief; 10. log-lta mi byed-pa not to entertain heretic notions, or positively, yd/i- dag-par ltd-ba Sty. to be orthodox. 3. fasting, abstinence, in the phrase: dge-ba srun-ba to fast, to abstain from food, frq. 4. alms, charity; banquet, treat, as a re- ligious work, si-dge yson-dge largesses, treats, taking place at funerals, or given in one's life time Mil. (W. *yd-tra*, and *ku-Hm*). Comp. and deriv. dge-bskos censor, and at the same time provost and beadle in a monastery, who has to watch over strict order, and to punish the transgressors Kopp. II. 259, 276; in Ld. he is also called cos- Krims-pa (vulg. *cosrimpa*). dge-rgdn surety, moral bail, a monk that is made answerable for the moral conduct of an other, who is placed under his care and called dge-yzon; also in a gen. sense: teach- er, schoolmaster. dge-bsnyen, fern, dge- bsny en-ma (Ssk. gTJT^ToR and ^qfma) * the pious of the laymen who retaining their secular occupations have renounced the five cardinal sins (murder, theft, fornication, lying, and drunkenness) and provide for the maintenance of the priests (so in DzL and gen. in the earlier writings). 2. in in later times us much as a novice, pro- bationer, catechumen, i.e. either a kind of clerical apprentice (the Shabi of the Mon- gols, sramanera Ssk., v. Kopp. II., 252), or one of a next higher degree, a candi- date (v. SchL 162). dge-ltds S.g. a pro- pitious omen, a favourable prognostic. - dge- dun (col. * gen-dim*}, prop, dge-slon- gi O dun (Burn. II., 435) Ssk. ^r, the whole body of the clergy, priesthood; dg<'- dun- dkon-mcdg the priesthood as one of the 86 dgons-pa three great jewels, or as part of the god- head (in which latter sense the word now is usually understood) cf. dkon-mcog; dge- O dun-dpal-ci>n MahasangJiika, n. of a Hi- nayana school Tar., Was.; dge- dun-grub- pa n.p., the first Dalai Lama about the year 1400; dge- dun-rgyd-mfso n. of the second Dalai Lama, v. Kopp. II., 131. dge-lddn virtuous; dge-ldan-pa n. of the most numerous sect of Lamas, founded by Tsonk'apa; it is also called dge- lugs-pa, or dga-lddn-pa from Galdan, a monastery near Lhasa which, as well as Sera and Da-pun, belongs to his sect. The Lamas of this community wear for the most part yellow garments ; they are said to approach nearer to perfection in mysticism (the highest aim of Buddhist priests) than any other sect, since they apply themselves more systematically to the preparatory stu- dies of morality etc. dge-sdig for dge- ba dan sdig-pa. dye-sbyon Ssk. ^TTTjf a Buddhist ascetic, or mendicant friar, Burn. I. 275. Kopp. I., 330. dge-sbyor seems to have corresponded in its original accep- tation to our conception of piety, sancti- fication and practical religion, but in later times the sense of expertness in the art of meditation was attached also to this word, as : dge-sbyor pel (this man's) expert- ness increases, is making progress Mil. dge-rtsa instead of dge-bai rtsd-ba v. above. dge-rtsis the amount of virtue, the sum of merit, dge-rtsis rgyds-pa a considerable amount of merit. dge-fsul 1. a young monk; in the older writings it may be understood as novice; 2. in later literature it denotes the degree next to the dge-bsnyen, being that of a subordinate or under-priest, Kopp. II. 252, 335. Schl. 162.; dge-fsul- ma a young nun, a novice. dye-mfsdn a lucky omen Glr. dge-yzon v. dge-rgdn. dge-yyog (seems to be pronounced *gcr- yog* in col. language) constable, beadle, a servant of the fsogs-ce'n zal-no, or chief- justice of Sera and other monasteries. dge-las a good deed or action, but by later writers also applied to magic ceremonies and the like. dge-lugs-pa v. dge -Man- pa. dge -legs good fortune, prosperity Glr. dge-slon Gelong, 1 . originally 'beg- gar of virtue', mendicant friar, fipj one that has entirely renounced the world and become a Buddhist priest, 2. in later wri- tings the highest clerical degree, a priest that has received the highest ordination, v. Kopp. I., 335. The Gelong is bound to observe all the 233 commandments of the so-sor far-pai mdo. dge-slob-ma a young nun Cs. dge-bses \. v. bses-ynyen. 2. n. of priests or monks. dge-slon-sin is said to be a provincial name of the cedar, Ce- drus Deodara. dffM-fa, also dgdn-hi, on, upon, in, at Ts. dger-ba=>yyo-ba,io prepare, (food), Jttir-ba dger-ba to bake pastry; *fu-ma ger-wa* C. = O fud-pa. dge's-pa = dgyes-pa frq. ccfr dy> in Lexx. explained by dum-bur, ' ' to divide (?). rcfyq- dgo-ba, a species of antelope, living on high mountains, Procapra picti- caudata Hodgson, v. Hook. II. 157 and 139; dgo-ba-mo the female of this antelope Cs. Lea-x. w.e.; dgog-tin pestle C. dgot'^s), also dgon(s)-mo, Sch. dgon(s)-ka 1. evening, dgons-ycig one evening, once on an evening Glr.; nan re dgons re every morning and even- ing; *gons-zdn* W., *g6ns-ze* C., resp. dgons-ysdl evening- meal, supper; dgons- ojdm resp. evening -soup; dgoiis-su Dzl., dgons-mo and dgons Glr. in the evening; dgons dan fo-rdns in the evening and in the morning Med. frq.; dgons O bdb-pa to hold an evening's rest, to take up night- quarters. 2. supper C. 3. a day's jour- ney, dgons-zdg col. id.; rta-dgons a day's journey for one travelling on horseback, lug -dgons a day's journey for a drove of sheep. ( ty ot ' tS ~P a > resp. for sem-pa, snydm- pa etc., and sems, bio etc. I. vb. 87 dgos-pa 1. to think, to meditate, dgoiis-pa-la jug-pa to enter into meditation Glr.; O di snydm- du dgdns-pctr gyur-to he thought so in his mind DzL; rgydl-po Ron-ran yin dyoits-nas the king thinking that he himself was meant, referring the allusion to himself Glr.; to regard as, bu dan O drd-bar dgoits-pa to treat one like a son DzL ; to remember, to think Of, to devise, mna-ris-kyi )'dul-bya-la remembering those of Nari that were to be converted, thinking of the conversion of Nari Glr. ; also with pyir Pth.; nd-la fugs-brtsc'-bar dyoits-siy remember me gra- ciously, frq.; so in a similar manner: to hear graciously, to take a kind interest, share, or concern in, to interest one's self for, to try to promote; so our Lama ex- plained the passage Glr. 101, 9: sans-rgyds- kyi bstdn-pa-la dgons-nas = bstdn-pa O pel- bai pyir bsdm-blo btdn-nas; to intend, to purpose, with the termin. of the inf., frq., iugs-kyis ma dgons-so he did not intend, he had no mind Pth. 2. to die, mes- kyi d(johs-dus-kyi m cod -pa btsug Glr. is stated to mean : he instituted sacrifices for the remembrance of his grandfather's death; and so similarly in other passages. II. sbst, also fugs-dgons, 1. the act of thinking, meditating, pondering, fugs-dgons )'tdn-ba Mil. to meditate; thought, rgydl- poi fugs-kyi dgons-pa-la l gdn-du pyin' snydm-pa lit. in the king's 'mind-thoughts' was thought : where shall I go ? Glr. ; mean- ing, sense, esp. the sense of sacred words or writings, therefore dgons-pa O grel-ba to explain that sense, dgons- grel, dgons-bgrol commentary; a will, a wish, rgydl-poi (or -pas') dgons-pa bzin-du bsgrub nus-so I am able to' fulfil your majesty's wish DzL', skyon-bai dgons-pa-can Glr. 104, poetically, one having the desire of protecting, one wishing to protect. 2. soul, dgdns-pa mya-ndn-las O dds-so his soul quitted (the abode of) misery. 3. permission C., W., *yon-pa zu-wa* to beg leave, to ask per- mission, *gon-pa tan-wd*, resp. *ndn-wa* to give permission, in Sik. also: to grant admission; but gen. it is used for leave of absence, and *K6-la gdii-pog )hum soti* C. signifies : he has been dismissed, turned out. - dgod-pa 1. to laugh, Glr.\ gen. in such expressions as the following *go'-dh6 (lit. bro) yim-pa* C. to make one's self ridiculous, a laughing-stock, also Glr.', *1iab-god co-cc* W. to set up a loud laugh, to burst out into laughter; dgod-bdg a jest, joke Sch.\ cf. bgdd-pa. 2. v. 1. a solitary place; desert, wilderness, dgon-pai j-nas a deso- late place or region Stg. ; dgon-duii a sandy desert, sands Sch. (Zam. n^^f and dgon- pa: ^sriT forest). 2. hermitage. 3. monastery, frq.; dgdn-pa-pa 1. a man dwelling in a desert, a hermit. 2. a man dwelling in a monastery, a monk; dgon- pa-ma fern. dgos-pa I. vb. implying necessity, as well as want: to be necessary, to be obliged or compelled ; to want, to stand in need of; also where we use 'ought' ; it is gen. used with the verbal root or with the termin. of the inf. present, byed dgos, but sometimes also of the inf. future or perfect, e.g. rin-po-ces brtsigs dgos-na rin-po-ce med-pas sd-las by a dgos though it ought to have been built of precious stones, yet for want of such, it will have to be con- structed of earth DzL la gen. denotes the person standing in need of a thing, e.g. nd-la dgos I want, I stand in need of, but it also refers to the object for which a thing is wanted: rgya-gdr-du O gro-ba-la ys&r dgos-pa yin for a journey to India gold is wanted (required) ; in such a case the termin. may also be used: ci zig-tu dgos, for what purpose is it wanted? zas za ma dgos I did not want to eat Mil.: dgos-pai dus-su blans they took them when they wanted them Glr. ; bzens ma dgos he was not obliged to erect . . . Glr. In commanding, the word is used to para- phrase the imperative of a verb: ^it-bar dgos come! in entreating, the respectful term is chosen: O byon dgos Mil., or in W.: *skyod dgos zu* 'you must come, pray!' = 88 please, do come! Jtrid dgos-pai ysol-ba, or zu-ba, a request to be taken along with (by another person) Mil. C. : to wish, Kyo' se-pa <Ii ha go-pa yin I wish you to know this Lett'. II. sbst. necessity, want, use, purpose (W. dgos-ce, pronounced *^o'-s^(s)*), mdn- po O fsol dgos-pa byun we have been under the necessity of looking for you a long time Mil.] na-la yyui dgos-pa med I have no use for that turkois, I do not want it Mil. * tin -la go-se pi -la* W. for future use dgos-pai cun-bas as it is rather useless dgos-pa cii pyir for what purpose? frq. III. adj. (C. also *go-ayu*, and *gg*, W. *gd-se*, as in II.), necessary, due, need- ful, useful, med kyan dgos-pai Kral-bsdud a tax necessarily to be paid, unrelentingly exacted Mil.; rdn-la dgos-pai skdl-ba the portion due to you Mil. ; dgos-pai bsldb-bya useful doctrines Glr.', dgos-pa yin or yod B. and C., *go-ses yod* W. it is requisite; dgas(-pa) med B., *go-gyu men* C., *g6-se man* or *med* W., it is unnecessary, unfit, not wanted; mi- dgos-pa useless, noxious, mi-dgos-pai pra-men pernicious witchcraft l*th.; dyos-byed useful, don dgos-byed ci O dug what there is in it of useful contents Mil.; dgos- dod wishes and wants, dgos-dod O byun- bai dpal a treasure out of which all wishes and wants come, i.e. are satisfied Glr.; dgos- dod nags-fsdl a forest for wishes, i.e. a forest which grants every wish; dgos~ dod necessary expenses Cs. rqrn* dgye-ba to bend, to be curving or ^ crooked; dbyibs dgye-ba stooping, cringing, ducking S.g. dgycr-ba, glu dgyer-ba for glu len- pa to sing, chant, expression of the Bonpas; the word is also pronounced 'q* bgdd-pa * dyyel-ba Sch. = sgyel-ba. dfft/es-pa f resp. for dgd-ba, to re- joice, to be glad; often with fugs: rgydl-poi (or -po) tugs dgyes the king re- joiced ; with la (to rejoice) at or in, (to be glad) of; to please, to be pleased, to choose, id-bo Jbyon-pa-la fugs -dgyes -par O dtig it seems the lord is pleased to walk Glr.; mi dgyes -te sorrowful, sad, discouraged, dejected; angry, indignant; cf. dgd-ba. ^STSTQ^ZW d 9y**~ m ^-P a to bend > ^ "^ N to double down Sch., v. dgye-ba. crn* dg ra -> a l so dgrd-bo, Ssk. ro 1 . enemy, ' - foe, sddn-bai dgra the hating enemy, (opp. to bydms-pai fnyen), frq. used of imaginary hostile powers, that are to be attacked and withstood only by witchcraft; dgra ynyen med there is no difference be- tween friend and enemy = no such thing exists (viz in the golden age); dgrar O gyu>'- ba to become an enemy (to one) Tar.; dgra byed-pa, dgrd-ru Iddri-ba, Idn-ba to act in a hostile manner, Za, against; dgrasloh-ba, causative form, to make a person one's ene- my S.g. ; dgrar scm-pa, dzin-pa to look upon one as an enemy, to take him for an enemy ; dgrar ses-pa id.; dgrd-bcam-pa Arhunt, Arhat, the most perfect Buddhist saint (Ssk. ^^ venerable; theBuddhists, how- ever, explain it as a compound of ari enemy and lian to extirpate, he who has extir- pated the enemies i.e. the passions Burn. I. 295, II. 287. Kopp. I. 400). Also dgra bgegs Q dul-ba Glr. is interpreted as refer- ring to the subduing of spiritual enemies. snd-dgrd a former foe, dd-dgra a pre- sent foe, pyx- dgra a future foe 6s.; pyi- dgra prob. also a foreign enemy. O ci- dgra a mortal, deadly enemy 6s. dgrd- ca weapon, arms Wdn., dgrd-sta battle- axe; dgra - Ilia \. lha. 2. In W. also punishment, *K6-la <Ja pog son* he was pun- ished; also for any self -incurred misfor- tune: *Uy6d-la da pog yin* you will draw upon yourself trouble, fatal consequences. dgrdm-pa v. * dgro/i-ba v. O gron-ba. ]' dgrol-ba v. O grol-ba. bgdg-pa Cs. another form for^egs- pa. q:jj^*J' bgdd-pa to laugh Dzl, cf. dg&l-pa. jgam-pa byro-ba J" bydm-pa v. O ydm-pa. byeys 1 . = yeys, hindrance, obstruc- tion, seldom. 2. an evil spirit, demon, devil, like ydoir. bytys-kyi ryydl-po bi-na-ya-ka Mil. frq. (Ssk. f^wTT^T^i a re- mover, of obstacles; the godGanesha etc.). byo-ba I. vb. 1. to put on clothes etc., pf., imp. byos; lliam rtdy-tu byos always wear shoes S.y. ; esp. to put on armour. 2. v. under byod-pa. II. sbst. clothes, clothing, byo-ba dan b~d-ba food and clothes Dzl. byod-pa (byoy-pa Sch. is perh. a provincialism) pf., imp. byos, fut. byo\ W. inf. *yd-ce*; imp. *yos fot'i* to di- vide, nor an inheritance ; to divide in cipher- ing, grans a number; to distribute, sas-sds- su into shares, mi- mams-la to or amongst people Dzl. Comp. byod-byed divisor Wdk., and ac- cordingly also byo-byd dividend. byo-skdl l. share, lot, B. and col 2. the doctrine of strict retribution Thgr. frq. *yo-Kan* W. sharer, partaker, heir, joint-heir, bgo- bsd = byo-skdl, byo-bsd byed-pa to distri- bute, allot, apportion, nor the property Thyy., la among Sty. byom-pa, pf. byams Sch., to walk, to step, to stride, yom-pa byom- pa Lex. to make steps; O fcm pa-la by 6m- pa to step over the threshold; byom O yi'd- ba to pace, to walk slowly; byoms fub-pa to begin to walk (?) Sch. ^fps' bgor, supine of byo-ba. 1" bgor-ba, Cs. = O yor-ba. byydn-ba, ace. to Zam. = bryydit- ba, v. rgyon-ba. *n* tyyi-ba, eleg. for byd-ba, 1. fut. of bgyid-pa. 2. sbst. action, deed. byyid-pa, pf. 6gj/s, fut. %/*', imp. </_f/?'s, eleg. for byed-pa 1. to make, to manufacture; #ys zer-baiyzugs the images regarding to which there had been said: 'make them!' i.e. the bespoken, ordered images Glr. ; to do, to act, to perform, las byyid-pa to do a work, bkd />:/'/<-< In according to the word will be acted Dzl.; nye-ynds b(/yid-pa to act the disciple = to be a disciple Dzl.; mi-la ynod-pa byyi* 1 have hurt the man, I have done him harm Dzl.; bu yod-par yyis sly make, bring it about, that a child be (born) ! Dzl ; rgydl- bu ma sor-ba gyis siy see that yo do not let the prince escape Pth. (ba for bar in the more careless popular style). 2. to say, zes byyis so he said Dzl.', zes byyi-ba the so called Dzl. byrdii-ba, pf. byraiis, to number, count, calculate bsdd~namt-iyi fan/ the amount of merits Glr. ; byrdn-bya what may be numbered, numerable; byrdn-bar mi byd-ba, byrdn-du med-pa, bgran-yds in- numerable; byran-preu rosary, beads Glr., also the garland of human skulls, often seen as an attribute of terrible deities. byrdd-pa 1. to open wide, mig byrdd-pa to stare, goggle, fca byrdd- pa to gape Glr., Cs.', rkdu-pa to part the legs wide, to straddle, cf. bsyrdd-pa. 2. to scratch Sch. (spelled more corr. O brdd- pa). bgriin-ba, pf. bgruns to cause to deposit, to strain, to depurate 6k, e.g. myog-ma impure water Lex.. ._.. byrud-pa, pf, bgrus, fut. byru, to clear from the husks, to husk, to Shell, bgrus-pai O bras Lex. husked rice. byre-ba, pf. byres, resp. to grow old, often with an additional sku-nas in years (v. no) Dzl; bgres-ryyud weakness of old age, infirmity Pth. : bgres-po, in W. pronounced *re(s)-po*, an old man, a man gray with age, hoary; *re(s)-mo* fern. ^._.q. bgreii-ba, occasionally for 1. sgreit- H ba. 2. byrdii-ba. byren-pa, Sch. = bkren-pa. bgro-ba, pf. byros (resp. bka-byros mdzdd-pa l*th.) to argue, discuss, deliberate, consider; the subject discussed is gen. a direct quotation: Hi pyir O di-/f<ir yyur cfl fitfrda-nas to converse on the cause of the present state of things Dzl.; zes pan- 90 byroit-ba myo fsun-du byros-nas thus declaring their opi- nions to one another Tar.; to ask advice. ci-ltar bya zes byros-nas asking what they should do D:l. ; to resolve, decide, byd-bar to do Dzl.; byro-yUn byed-pa to dispute, to debate Lex. " byroii-ba Tar. byrdii-ba to count. be/rod 1. the walk, gait, mode of walk- ing. 2. symbol, num. : 2. J. by rod-pa to walk, byrod-la pan this assists in learning to walk Lt. ; to go. wander, lam by rod-pa to travel over Glr. ; to get through, tfyod-kyis byrod-pai slrabs med run although until now you have not been able to get to this place Mil.; cu by rod- par dkd-ba a river difficult to cross; nyi-ma-lho-byrod the sun's going to the south, in the winter half-year, the sun's south declination, byan-byrod, north decli- nation, byrod-dus ynyis S.y. both declina- tions; bud-med-la byrod-pa to lie with a woman Schr., Cs. byros-pa v. byro-ba. myar n. of a noted crafty vizier of the king Srontsangampo Glr. maar ~ ba (col. *gd r - ra*) smith, mgdr-bai bzo smith's work; *ydr- zo co-ce* W. to forge; mgdr-tian, mgdr-sa smithy; fser-mydr gold-smith Cs. myal jaw, jaw-bone, ya-mydl the up- per, ma-mydl the lower jaw-bone; myal-cdy a broken jaw-bone, myal-bud a dislocated jaw-bone Cs. * mydl-pa, also O ydl-pa a billet of wood ; myal-dum 1. a large piece of wood split or cut, 2. a piece of wood half-burnt W., C.; *yal-do, gal fsiy* W., *yal-ro* C. id.; *yal-me* a burning piece of wood, a fire-brand ; torch, consisting of long chips or thin billets of w r ood ; myal- mei K6r-lo a circle of light produced by whirling round a fire-brand, ^jcrrrj* myii-ba to rejoice, to be glad, joyful, xl content; mgit-nas delighted Mil.. Tar. ; myu - bai Ian ma byun he did not receive a gratifying, satisfactory answer Tar. 17, 27; fams-cdd byin yaii mgu-dus wed he is never content though everything be given hira Mil.; mau-bar byed-pa, W.: *yu ciig-ce*, to exhilarate, to gladden, to make content; dya-myii-ba, dya-inyu-rdit- ba are intensive verbs; tngur = myu-bar. m<jur (Ssk. effis^) resp. 1. throat, neck. yyu myur-du pul-nas presenting (the great teacher) with a turkois for his neck Ma. 2. voice, myur snydn-pa a sweet. harmonious, voice Cs. 3. (col. *yiir-ma*} song, air, melody, hence a religious song is always designated by the respectful word myur (not by ylu), although the term in itself has no immediate reference to it. mgur(-du) ysuii-ba, bzes-j)a resp. for ylu Un-pa to sing a song; Sch. : myur fen-pa id. myur-Jbum a hundred thousand Songs, title of the Legends of Milaraspa, which are richly interwoven with songs. Sch. : myur bsdl-ba to clear the throat, to hawk, to hem ; cii-boi myur 'by-water', a tribu- tary, a subsidiary stream (?). mgur-lha the god of hunting with the Shamans Sch. m tf d (-P"> Ssk - WT I- neck, throat, myul-du O doys-pa to tie, fasten to one's neck e.g. magic objects; rdit-gi mgul-pa f cod-pa, to cut one's own throat DC/.; myid-pa sub his throat is stopped, choked Mny.; myul(-pa}-nas O dzin- pa, )u-ba, to seize by the throat, some- times also used for myul-pa-nas Jfyud-pa to fall on a person's neck, to embrace. myul-nad disease of the throat, sore throat. - mgul-ciiis dkdr-po a white neck-cloth Pth. mgul-ddr or dpa-ddr a silk cloth tied round the neck as a badge of honour. 2. the shoulder of a mountain Mil., yyon-myid-na on the left slope. myeu - ?WV myou Cs. v. myo. ni ff (.Ssk. fipr;) resp. dbu 1. head, *yo-la zuy ray* I have a headache, a pain in my head W. ; *mgo Jcor* my head turns, I feel dizzy, I am getting confused, perplexed; myo skor-ba to cheat, swindle, deceive ; mi - mgo ma skor do not cheat &FT mgo mgo people! Mil.; myo dfjii-ba, dfji'ir-ba v. d<//'/- ba, mgo O fdm-pa v. O fdm-pa; myor )<></-]/(( to carry on the head Sch. ; *yo yvy-ce* W. to shake one's head, *kuy tdn-ce* W. to nod with the head, either as a sign of af- firmation, or of beckoning to a person; *kyog-1cydg cd-cc* to wave the head from one side to the other, expressive of re- flection. 2. summit, height, top, ri-mgo fcd-bas yyoys Mil. the hill-tops were co- vered with snow. 3. first place, principal part, mgo byed-pa to lead, to command, to be at the head G7v. ; to educate cf. dbu mdzdd-paj to inspect, look after, super- intend, control, bu-mo ziy-yis myo byed-pai mi mdii-po a number of (labouring) people looked after by a girl (the farmer's daugh- ter) Mil. ; *dos go cd-ce* W. to preside in a consultation. 4. beginning, W., *yo-ma*', yros-myo the beginning of a consultation; myo O dzitg-pa to begin; bod sduy-pai myo O dzuys that was the beginning of the mis- fortunes of Tibet Ma ; brtdn-gyi skyid-myo d/>-nas fsugs with this my constant good- fortune commenced Mil.; lo-mgo-la at the beginning of the year Jtf7.; mgo- nas from the beginning DzL 5. Gram. : a super- scribed r, Z, s e.g. rd-mgoi ka, rf\,k withy- superscribed ; de-rnams baspul sd-mgoi kao these are the words beginning with bsk. Comp. and deriv. mgo -Mud brain C's. - myo-dkyil col. crown of the head, ver- tex. *yo-kdr*, or *yar* Ld. a tight un- der-garment, drawn over the head when put on, (Ssk. TTfT^TR. Hd. nff^pr) some- thing like a shirt, but not in general use. mgo-skor imposture, deceit, bdud-kyi mgo- skor de na mi O dod I detest these diabo- lical tricks Mil. myo-skyd a gray head, myo-skyd-can a gray-headed person Cs. *yo-kyoii* 6'., W., protector, patron, = mgo- O dren. myo-tira scald, scald-head Sch. myo-mKreys-can obstinate, pertinacious, stub- born, esp. in buying and bartering, selfish, bargaining, haggling: *yo tag cd-ce* W. to have these qualities. myo-ryydn head- ornament. myo-can having a head, *//- go-can* having a man's head, such as Eng- lish rupees and other coins (bearing the image of a head) W. *yo-cin* 6'., W. = go- Q dren* *yo-(T)cdg* a blow or knock on the head Ld. myo-lcoys little shoots, sprouts, branches Sch. mgo-cd = myo- rgydn. mgo-nyug beginning and end (head and tail), sin O dii mgo mjuy gau yin- pa bye-brdg pyes siy find out which is the upper and which the lower end of this piece of wood DzL myo-joh Cs. : 'an ob- long head.' mgo-rjm bare headed. mgo- nycig C's.: 'a compressed, contracted head'. *go-nyt-pa* C. two-headed, double-tongued; a double-dealer, backbiter. myo-snydms indifferent, unconcerned. *yor-tiit fsdn- ma* from head to heel, the whole from top to toe, = * yo-lus-ca-fsan* . mgo- ddn = mgo- dren, with byed-pa = mgo O don-pa to bring or draw forth, to raise, to lift up a person's head, gen. with rail, one's own head, used in the sense of: to be self-de- pendent, one's own master, to come off well, to be uppermost Mil.-, mgo O fon-pa id. - mgo- dren protector, patron, used frq. in letters as a complimentary title. mgo- ndg po. for man Glr. mgo-nad headache. *go-bu* W. first-born. myo-ma 1. adj. first, yral-myo-ma first in order, the first in a row or line of persons Mil. 2. sbst. the beginning W!, *go-ma tsug-ce* to begin. 3. adv. in the beginning, at first W. myo- fsem 'stitched at the head' denoting a book which is so stitched, that the lines run parallel to the back, whilst one stitched in our way is called rta-mgo-ma. mgo- yzun, col. *yoy-zun* crown of the head. myou, mgeu a small head Cs. myo-ynr = fsd-bai nad Ts. mgo-yyoys a covering for the head (hat, cap etc.). mgo-ril 1. a round head. 2. cattle without horns ir. mgo-reg for mgo breys-pa one that has his head shaved, a monk; mgo-rfy btsun-m Lt. monks and nuns, or: nuns that have their heads shaved. *yo-his-ca-fsdit* a com- plete suit Of clothes, *yor-tin-fsdn-ma* id. ; *go Itis sum kdn-ce* W. to furnish a person with new clothes; *yo lus spd-ce* W. to jdb-pa give one's own clothes to a person (e.g. when a king honours any body by array- ing him in splendid garments). myo-Ub a flat head Cs. go-sog, resp. u-sog cover. of a copy-book etc. Cs. mgo-srin n. of a disease Lt. mgon-po* Ssk. rro protector, pa- tron; principal, master, lord; tutelar god; O gro-mgon protector of beings; skyabs- mgon v. skyabs; cii pyir nai mgon mi byed why do you not assist me? DzL; lhai, bdud-kyi, ysin-rjei mgon-po the principal of the gods, of the devils, the lord of death Cs.; mgon-po m cod-pa, stod-pa, rbdd-pa to honour, to praise, the tutelar god, to stir up or urge him to aid one's cause The special tutelar god of Tibet, called mgon- po by preference, isAwalokiteswara, Spyan- ras-/zigs; J)ig-rten -mgon-po, or mi-mjed- ziit-gi mgon-po lord of the world, jig-rten ysum-gyi mgon-po (Hindi: triloknatfi), lord or ruler of the three worlds, an epithet 1. of Buddha, 2. of AwalokiteSwara, 3. of the Dharma-Raja of Bhotan. Comp. mgon mid-its many patrons or defenders of religion; many small pyrami- dical sacred buildings Cs. mgon-med unprotected, mgon-med- zas-sbyin, Hgn^fq- U^rf, n. of a certain house-owner in Bud- dha's time, often mentioned in legends. speedy, swift; mgyogs-par (sel- dom mgyogs-la Mil.} adv. quickly, speedily, SOOn; *gyog - riii* W. speedy, hasty, rash, *gyoy-ldm* W., C., a straight, short way, a short cut; rkan-mgyogs v. rkan. su- mgyogs, pronounced *sun-gyog(s)* W., (lit. 'who is quick?') a race, a racing or run- ning-match. m ff > '' n 'P a i ( Ssfc - *farr) I- neck, mgrin rin-ba, a long neck, mgrin fun-ba a short neck Lt. ; mgnn-snon blue- necked, an epithet of gods. 2. throat, as passage or organ of the voice, mgrin ycig-tu (to call as) with one voice, frq. ; mgrin-bzdn a loud voice Cs. mgron feast, treat, banquet, enter- tainment. myroii ytoii-ba , resp. sku- mgron Jbid-bci to entertain; *(]6n-tah-Kan* W. host, entertainer; mgron -la Jbod-pa, resp. mgron -du spyan- Q drhi-pa, to invite to an entertainment ; mgron-du jnyer-ba to treat, to regale Dd. ; mgron-du O gro-ba to go to an entertainment, a party DzL (cf. O gron-du O gr6-ba to go abroad); zas-mgron an entertainment consisting in eating; )a- mgron a tea-party; can-mgron a treatment with beer or wine Cs. d/ a ff l - obstruction, stoppage, esp. in comp.: yi-ga- gdg want of appetite; )'<'in- ydg, also -dgag, strangury. 2. a place or spot that has to be passed by all that proceed to a certain point, *zdm-p? gag-tu gug-na k(im-ma dzin tub* C. the thief may be stopped, if you are on the watch in the thoroughfare of the bridge; ri-bo dpal- c bdr-gyi Q gag the place on the Palbar mountain, where there is the only passage Mil.; sgo- gdg the door of the house, be- cause through it all that enter or leave have to pass; Ka- gdg the mouth, through which every thing must pass that is eaten; fig.: far-ldm-gyi )'nad- gdg, the main point for obtaining salvation; O gag ycig-tu dril- ba to unite, to be concentrated in one point Mil. off tig-pa 1. vb, (cf. ^egs-pa) to stop, to cease, to be at a stand-still; mostly in the perfect form <$ags; ddii-lki O gags the appetite is gone Mil.; it is also used of the passions having been sup- pressed, having ceased Mil. -- 2. sbst. door-keeper, v. sgo-^gdg sub ^gag. v. rgati. sj' O ydnspa difficult, troublesome Sch. o^'K'J 90 ) tae burden of an of- fice, business, commission, O gan Jrir-ba to bear such a burden, bskur -ba to impose it on a person. ncnjn* oydb mfd-ma, mjztg-ma, the end, of a bench, a garment etc. Mil.Ht.-, as postpos. c.genit. after, behind C. ^gab-pa 1. Sch.: to take care, to be cautious; orderly, decent. 2. W. to suffice, *mi gdb-ce med* the work- men will not suffice. opw'sj" d am ~ P a > P f - $ ams ' Sr/? -> ^ ws f,s., fat. bgam, imp. <yows 1. to put, or rather throw, into the mouth, e.g. grains of wheat, a mouthful of meal, as Tibetans use to do ; pyc fur-mgo re tsam O gams i took a small spoonful of meal Alii. - 2. to try, bgdm-mo I will try him, 1 shall put him to the proof DzL; fsod O gdm- pa id. Lea-. 3. W. to threaten, to menace. O ga (^ga-bo Cs.?) some, a few, sev- eral, Kyi-ra-ba O ga some huntsmen Mil. ; yzdn-pa O ga zig some young men Mil.: Ko-rdii O ga some of them Mil.; O ga- re = (/a zig Pth.; gdl-te nan-gyis O ga zig bzdfj-na if 1 appoint some by a peremp- tory decree DzL; skabs O gar in some cases; Ian O ga (zig) sometimes, now and then (opp. to frequently, as well as to once, one time); res ga 1. sometimes. 2. col. for some, several; bar O ga sometimes; Ian O ga Ian O ga, res O ga res O ga, bar ^ga bar- ga at one time at another time, some others; ^ga tsam a few, few Thgy. : O ga sds some, part (of them) Mil. ; O ga yan followed by a negation: no, no one, not any, none. O ga Glr., also o9 a ~ fi n - of a P lace in the east of Tibet off ar t termin. of O ga. q.^. . o gdr-ba 1. sbst. (W. also *gdr-ru*, Ts. * gar, c <///**) masc. O ydr-po, fern. f/ > - mo, a mixed breed of cattle, of a ww/zo (q.v.; and a common cow, or a bull and a mdzd-mo. 2. vb. v. sub dgdr-ba. O gdl-dum v. mgal. O gdl-ba, c. /as or c?a/i, to be in op- position or contradiction to, as: rtdg-pa dan d/'ids-po ynyis O gdl-ba yin the ideas of 'perpetuity' and of 'thing' are con- tradictory; commonly of persons: to coun- teract, to act in opposition to, to transgress, violate, infringe, break, a promise, law, duty; yid daii mi (jdl-bar DzL, resp. fugs dan mi ^gal-bar, (he gives them) to their wish, to their heart's content; bka bz/n-du mi ^gal-bar bgyio I shall act faithfully accord- ing to the order DzL; *gal mi dug* W. he has not committed anything, he is inno- cent; lha or klu daft, O gal-ba not to hon- our a Lha or Lu according to duty. Comp. jial - 1'kip'n mishap, untoward accident, impediment (opp. to mfun-rtyeri) ; O gal~rkyen sel-ba, or med-par byed-pa, or zlog-pa to avert, to remove such accidents or impediments. ^il-J^'fil transgression, O gal-J?rtd spans -te, conscientiously; *gal- iul sd-ica* to make amends, to atone for a transgression. O gal-mfun-ses-pa ('In-. Prot., the knowledge of what is conform- able or contrary to the divine law, meant to express our 'conscience': the term was formed after the Tibetan phrase: dge mi- dge yes-pa, or rig-pa, knowledge of what is virtue and what is vice; cf. however .sr.s- bzin, )'non-ba, and byas-cos. ^gdl-ba-po Cs., O gdl-po Sc/t., a transgressor. O gal- fsdbs Cs. a great fault, a crime: O gal-fsdbs- can faulty, criminal, a criminal (?). o9 as -P a > P f - ( J as ( cf o9 es -P a ) to be cleft or split, of rocks etc.; to chap, of the skin, the lips; to break open, to burst, of a bag etc., Ka Ind-ru into five rents, in five places; to crack, to break or burst asunder, of a vessel, the heart, a fruit, bdun-du into seven pieces; sih-gi rigs -la byds-na ni ^gas if it be made of wood, it will split, crack Gli: Qf]C{' O giu v. gi-wdn. O gu-mdd gun-Stock, (spelling not certain) v. sgum-mdd. O f ju-ba, incorr. for mgii-ba. a mesh W. imp. Kug 1. (cf. kug) to bend, to make crooked, ynya O gugs-pa C. to bend, bow, stoop; mgo <gugs-^iugs-par son-no he went off bowed down, crestfallen. - to gather, to cause a gathering, mdg-tu of matter, pus, to suppurate. 3. to call, to summon, to send for, e.g. the gardener DzL, 94 one's daughters Dzl; to conjure up, ghosts, des bdag ^g tig-par O gyiir-ro by this (charm) I may be conjured up; bio ndii-du Kug-la calling the spirit back into its inner do- main, abstracting the mind from the ex- ternal world. 4. to draw back, to cause to return, to convey back Mil, C. J ' du bcug-pa to ruin, to reduce to an extremity Schr. ; -rtsa byih-gitd dal M<>d a pulse slow and sinking. NJ to die. 2. pf. bkum. Jut. dkum. imp. Kum(s\ to kill, to put to death Dzl. frq.; to slaughter (butcher), ysdr-du bh'tm- pai sa, meat of an animal just killed, fresh meatZM 3. to bend, curve, make crooked, to contract, v. kum and skum-pa. O gul neck, v. mgul O giil-ba (cf. sgul-ba} to change NS place or posture, to move, shake, to be agitated, *ri-gu dod-pa-la gul dug*t\ie kid moves in the womb (of the goat); O gul-dkd (the limb) moves with difficulty Med. frq. ; O gul yah ma nus-so (they) would not even stir (from terror) Dzl ; to waver, tremble, shiver, O ddr-zih ^gul-ba; sa-^gid (pronounced *san-gul*) earthquake W. O gegs-pa pf. bkag, fut. dgag, imp. />;;/ to hinder, prohibit, stop, bddg-gis bkdg-na yah ma fub-kyis though I was preventing it, I could not (carry my point) Dzl; ma bkdg-ste ndh- du btan he admitted him without impedi- ment Dzl', *kdg-cc med zer-Kan-gyi ka- sog* a warrant, a permit to traffic without hinderance, a pass-bill, and the like Wi; to Shut, to lock (up), to close, sgo the door (?//'., lam the road frq., to close one's nose with the hand Pth.: to retain, keep back excretions Med., bsaii-dgdg obstruction (cf. c (t/a</); *zd-ce kdg-te si* W. his food sticking fast he died; to lock up, shut up (things for keeping), to pen up (sheep, cattle), *kdg-te bor-ce* W. id ; dgag-dbye the ending of the seclusion, viz. of the monks who have to stay in their houses during the rainy season Scftf., Tar. 10, 10, cf. Kopp. I, 369; to forbid, dgag-sgrub Sch.: 'to forbid and to allow'^J; gdg-pai sgra, (/ag-fsiy a prohibitive particle Gram.- bkdg-ca byed- pa to forbid, prohibit Sc/t.; *Ka kdg-ce* W. to silence, to hush; dgdg-pa a negative, a negation; bkdg-ca the negative side Was. (282). imp. fco/t 1. to fill, tib-ril cus or (seld.) cu-las, or fib-ril-du ms, or ra, (to fill) a tea-pot with water; to soil, smear. Stain, the bed with blood Glr.: dgdit-dka difficult to be filled, not to be satisfied, insatiable Sty. 2. to fulfil (more frq. skon-ba) fugs-ddm Lc.r. 3. gzu O geiis- pa, mda O ge/is-pa to prepare bow and arrows for shooting, frq.; *tu-pag kdii-ce* W. to load a gun. C 9&s-pa, pf. bkab, fut. dgab, imp. lcob(W. *Mo6*), to cover, e.g. one's breast with the hand; to cover up, Ka an opening, aperture; to spread over or on, to set up, to put on, a cover, lid, cork, plug etc.: to protect, btsun-mo mi- ni a-yin-gy is O gebs-su jug-pa to have the queen protected by ghosts; to disguise. metaph: *bkdb-st?* in disguised language, euphemistically W., *kdb-ce pi-la* in order to express it euphemistically. ^gem-pa, ace. to Cs. another form for O gum-pa, to kill, to destroy; Schr.: kldd-pa O gems-pa to surprise; to overthrow an argument by reason; cf. mgo-^ems Lex. w.e.; as a partic.: stupid Schr. ; the few passages, where I met with the word, leave its meaning doubtful. o#^ tt > P^ bkal, fut. dgal, imp. fcol, 1. to load, to lay on a burden, brui k'al cig bkdl-te loaded with a load of grain Dzl. ; fig. to put a yoke upon a person's neck, byur to bring down misery on a person; W. to bring accusations against a person, *mi '6s-pe Ids-ka zig mi zig-la kal td/i-na* Ld. if one is accused of an unlawful action ; Krai O g<'l-ba to impose tribute Lex. ; to commission, to charge with, to make, appoint, constitute, *mi ziy ywl- po-la kdl ce* LJ. to appoint some one to be an elder or senior, cf O col-ba. 2. to put, to place on or over, yduit-ma bkdl-ba a beam placed over it S.y.\ to set or put on, e.g. a pot on a trevet; to hang up, yos- O yel-yddn a stand to hang clothes on; fig. O ci-bar niis-pai foy O yel dyos one must set on it the roof of being able to die, i.e. one must crown the whole edifice by being free from fear of death Mil. 'ry ^yes-pa, pf. bkas, fut. dyas, imp. Kos, trs. to O yds-pa, to split, cleave, divide, bkas-shl Lex. cleft or chopped wood; <lfim-bur (to divide) into pieces Lex., to cut up or open, e.g. a fish, gourd, pump- kin, Dzl. QCff c ( Ji = m 9 m some figurative appli- ' cations of the word: dmdy- yo com- mander of an army 6s.; mKdr- yo, rdzoit- O yo commander of a fort 6s.; ^o sndm a sort of fine cloth made of shawl-wool, or also : Europe-cloth, i.e. broad cloth = say- lad-, O y6-pa officer, captain, head-man of a village or district, esp. in W.; in a general sense : *kon-coy jiy-ten-yyi go-pa yin* God is the ruler of the world; *kon-c6y-yi san yd -pa med* God is the only and highest ruler; * yo-pon* 6'. rector, director, head- master, principal e.g. of a school; O yo-ma Zam. beginning, origin, source; O y6-mi Lex. = o yo-pa; *yo-yod* = O yo-pa Ld.', ^yw in the beginning, at first, originally Sch., ser- bai O yor when it began to hail Mil.nt. ncffn* ^l-^ a i pf 9 OS ( or O y os )> f- bsyo-ba, 1. to stain, to lose colour; to dirty, sully one's self, de-la with it, nan-skyuys lus-la to soil one's self with vomit. 2. to infect, with a disease, O yo-bai nad, O yo- ndd, O yo-bai rims, a contagious or epidemic disease, a plague, frq. pnfTcn'H' o9 ( ^9~P a "> P^- bkofl, fut. dgogf imp. Hog 1. to take away forcibly, to snatch, tear away, pull out, rtsd-ba a root Lex., so a tooth Schr.] to tear up, e.g. a floor W.; to peel Sch.; *koy-te Hyer-ce* W. to rob, plunder frq.; *koy-te tfyers* Ld. it 95 has been robbed. 2. to take off, a cover, a lid. a pot from the fire W. jogs-pa another form for //,v/.s- pa, to prevent, to avert unfortu- nate events, fatal consequences; to suppress, the symptoms of a disease by medicine; to drive back or away, to expel e.g. spirits, ghosts; to repel people that are trying to land. ^oii-ba 1 6s.: to bewitch, enchant (?),gon-ba-po, jo/'t-po an enchanter, sorcerer, yoh-ba-nio enchantress, sorceress 6s.; more frq. jo/t-po an evil spirit, demon, also fig. demon of concupiscence, of fear, of terror Mil.; O ad/'i-mo fern. 2. pf. bkoii, perh. more corr. sao/t-ba, spd-syoh-ba Lex. to despond. 9 od -P a > P f - fy od i fut - dgod, imp. Kod (cf. Hod-^pa), the Latin conderc, 1. to design, to project, to plan Schr. 2. to found, to etablish, to lay out (a town), to build (a house); hence bkod-pai riy-byed books on architecture Glr.; to manufacture, to form, to frame. 3. to put, to fix, to transfer, into a certain state or condition, bde(-ba)-la Dzl., bder Lex., into a happy state, dye-ba-la Dzl. into virtue, cos-la l*th. into the true doctrine, rndm-par ^yrol-ba- la Dzl. into salvation, my a- nan- las O dds- pa-la into delivery from existence Dzl. ; zay - yrdns to fix a certain time or term Schr.; fsad (to determine) the measure or size of a thing Schr. 4. to set, put, or place in order, yral-pydm byod-pa O dra as the rafters of a roof are placed side by side S.y. ; mfar dyod-pa to add or affix e.g. ciphers to a certain number Wdk.; bkod- par mdzes-pd beautiful as to arrangement, nicely ordered, (bjryyan dyod-pa Lex. to arrange ornaments (tastefully), to decorate, adorn, to construct or adjust grammatical forms, sentences Zam. 5. to put down in writing, to record, tnin k-d-ba-la to write names on a column Pth.\ to compose, draw up, write, a narrative etc., frq. ; to mention, to insert, in a writing; *ka M-pa* < '. to publish, to make known. 6. to rule, to govern tic/tr.; byol-soti bkod-pai royal- po yin he is king over all subjugated ani- mals Mil. The partic. pf. bkod-pa is also sbst. : 1. plan, ground-plan, draught of a building Schr. 2. delineation, sketch, zin-bkod map. 3. form, shape, figure Schr. 4. sample, copy, even of one's own body, e.g. when a person multiplies himself by magic virtue, = sprul-ba. 5. building, edifice, Structure, bkod-pa mdzes the structure (is) beautiful Glr. .6. frame, body, bkod-pa lus id. Mil.; iiai bkod-pa ndm-mKai ran- zin my body of an ethereal nature Pth. Note. The Lexx. have for bkod-pa always TR? putting down, depositing; but often it has the signification of ^j^ orderly arrangement; as vb. it comes nearest to ^5TJT^. As the meaning of the word is almost quite the same as that of xnTeiv and condere, it recommends itself as the most suitable term for 'to create', to call into existence, O god-pa-po for creator, and bkod-pa for creature, notions which are otherwise foreign to Buddhism. O yom-pa, Cs. = goms-pa, Sch. also = O gem-pa, ^yiim-pa. O yw 1. v. the following article. 2. termin. of ^yo, in the beginning, at first Sch. 3. supine of ^6-ba. ot/or-ba to tarry, linger, loiter, W. frq. *mdn-po yor son* you stayed away very long; *ldm-la yor* he lingers on the way; *mdn-po ma yor-te* without long delay, = rin-por ma Ion-par, and riii- por mi toys -par B.; de ^or-yzi yin that impedes, delays; zld - ba fnyis ~kor (the work) lasted two months Glr. O gol-ba, P f. yol 1. to part, to sepa- rate vb.n.; O yol-bai ynas a hermitage Pth., of/dl-po hermit, recluse. 2. to de- viate, err, go wrong or astray; ^61-sa \. the place where two roads separate. 2. error, mistake. ^os n. of a monastery Tar. O yos-pa soW, spent, expended Cs. deferred, postponed, pyir ^i/an-na if one defers it; *nyin O yyan zay O yyaii )he'- pa* C. to delay again and again; lo mah- po mi O yy aii-bar before many years shall have passed; dm cffyaris Lea', w.e. a \. to look about haugh- tily, to look down upon, to slight, mi-la a person ; also of things : to despise, contemn, neglect them B. and col.: * g\jih- bhdy jlie-pa* C., *yyin co-ce* W. id.; *yyin- can* supercilious, contemptuous. 2. = syyih-ba Git:; Mil. sel-kyi yyiii- Kar a sceptre of crystal, an attribute of gods, in pic- tures represented as a plain, unadorned staff. opj-q- &/-&> P f - o^ MS ? to move quickly ^ss to and fro, e.g. as lightning, the quivering air in a mirage, the motion and versatility of the mind etc. OOT^q- oyy' r - ^ im. mp. gyur (-c?^), cf. sgyur-ba, 1. to change, to be altered B. and col.; mi- rnams-kyi spyod-pa ^ffyur the behaviour of men changes Ma. ; O yyur-bai cos a change- able (and therefore perishable) thing Cs.; and O yyur-du yod-pa changeable, variable, O yyiir-du med-pa, O yyur-med unchangeable, invariable; sometimes to decrease, abate, vanish, die away, mfu-stobs, ntid-med-pa, yzi-r)id yons-su ^yynr-ba the total decay of strength, health, and esteem (in old age) Thyy. ; bddy-yi sems ma gyur, ma nydms- so my mind has not been altered, nor my resolution weakened Dzl. ; also with las: dad-pa O di-las ma gyur cig do not depart from that belief Mil. (L have therefore availed myself of this word, combined with the active (transitive) form sems sgyur-ba 'to change the mind' for expressing the fisTavotlv and ueidvoia of the N. T., though the Buddhist is wont to regard the mi-yyui'-ba as the thing most to be praised and desired.) With the termin. it signifies to be changed, transformed into, B. and col.; hence 2. to become, to grow, dyc-sloit- du O yyio--ba, ryydl-por O gyur-ba to become a monk, a king Dzl. skra mfon-nifin-gi Ka-dog-tu gyiir-to his hair turned azure (sky-blue) Dsl.~ sbrum-par O gyitr-ba to get with child ; bdiin-du O gyur-ba to reach the number of seven Dzl. (In all these cases the more recent writings and the col. lan- guage in C. usually have * do-wa* ) in W. *cd-ce*.} ^gyur-ba is also frq. used in con- junction with verbs : yod-par c gyiir-ba 'to be- come being', i.e. to begin to exist, 'to become having,' i.e. to gain possession ; srog-lamiltd- bar O gyur-pai dnos-po Q di-dag these acts of having become indifferent to life, i.e. acts of contempt of death Dzl.; nd-bar gyvr-na O di mfon-ba tsdm-gyis nad sos-par O gyvr-ro when taken ill, they get well again, as soon as they obtain a sight of this Glr. ; can mi smrd-bar gyur-to he became speechless Dzl. ; O gyiir-ba denoting both the pass, voice, and the fut. tense, the context must decide in every instance, how it is to be under- stood : su zig rgyal-snd byed-par Q gyur who shall have the government, who shall rule? Tar. 21.; de rgydl-por ^yur-bar ses-so they knew that this man is made king (for: would be made king); Ko-mos kyod-kyi bu bsdd-par gyur-na if your son has been killed by me Dzl. ; fyod mi-sa zd-bar gyur- cig may you be obliged to eat human flesh! Dzl. ; cii pyir Kyod O di-ltar gyur by what means have you come into this state? Dzl. ; ya-mfsdn-du (or -par) O gyur-ba to be sur- prised, astonished; with j'nds-su: to come to a place, to arrive at Mil. ; O dod-pai dnos- grub-tu O gyur-ba to be endowed with the perfect gift of wishing, viz. of having every wish fulfilled; to happen, to take place, to occur, ya-mfsdn-du ^gyur-ba ci yod lit. what is there that has wonderfully hap- pened, what wonderful things have hap- pened? yyos-par O gyur-ba to become mov- ing, to begin to move. 3. to be trans- lated, bod-du into Tibetan Tar. ; bka-^yiir the translated word, v. bka; cf. sgyur-ba. 4. joined to numbers it signifies time or times, yzdn-pas braya- ayur ston-^gyit)'- du O pdgs-pa a hundred times, nay a thou- sand times more sublime than others Dzl. ; 97 kyod-pas brgya- gyur-ba$ Ihdg-par bzaii-ba yod there are (girls) a hundred times prettier than you DzL; ysum- gyur ltd- bur three times as much Dzl.; de ynyis- gyur team zig one twice as large as that Mil. II. sbst. change, alteration, vicissitude, dus bzii O gyur-bas through the change of seasons Thgy. O gyur-skdd, or also ^gyur- Kiigs singing or humming a tune in a tril- ling manner Mil.; O gyur-lcam nya Mil. perh. a fish swiftly moving to and fro; O gyur-rten bzdg-pa to pay money in hand, as an earnest that the bargain is not to be retracted. Instead of the imp. gyur, sog is frq. used. OCT-q- ^-H P f - ( and im P-?) ffye*, to be T divided, e.g. a river that is divide^ into several branches; rndm-pa ynyis-su (a ray of light divided) into two parts Dzl. ; to separate, to part, bem rig ^gyes dus when body and soul part from each other Mil; to disperse, of a crowd, with or with- out so-sor DzL and elsewh.; of a single person: to part, withdraw, go away, *mi- fsog dan ghye-ne* C. withdrawing from the crowd; to issue, proceed, spread, de-dag-las gyes - so they have proceeded from those (their ancestors); of a disease: gyen-du gyes (opp. to fur-du zug) Med.? 9ycd-pa (W. *kye-ce*} pf. by-yes, fut, bkye, 1. to divide (trs.), to scat- ter, disperse, diffuse, e.g. rays of light; it is also used when the neutral form ^gye- ba would seem to be more correct; to let proceed, sprul-pa, an emanation; hence to send, a messenger Lex. and Schr.; to dis- miss, fsogs, an assembly Sch. 2. O fdb- mo O yyed-pa, yyul O gyed-pa, also ^gyed-pa alone, to fight a battle, to fight, to combat, Q gyed-pai fse in the dispute; similarly O dziit- ga bkye-ba to quarrel Meofc; hence prob. W.: *Ka kye-i-e* to abuse, to menace. - 3. ston-mo O gyed-pa frq. to give an enter- tainment, banquet, prop, to dispense a feast; nor O gyi'd-pa to distribute a property LCJC. o gyer-ba to drop or let fall, to throw down Schr.; to quit, aban- don, throw away $c/t. 1 98 to fall, to tumble, *#!/<?/ wa ^r W. don't tumble, take care not to fall; *gyel-kan* W. lying, (not standing), e.g. a bottle. J" <ffy**- a -> Bother form for ^ye-ba, pyi-gros-su O gyes-par ^gyur back foremost they retreat Glr. offydd-pa (Ssk. ^t^m) vb - (W. *gyod-ce*) to repent, to grieve for, and sbst. repentance, sorrow for, not only for bad, but also for good actions, when the latter are attended with disadvantage or loss ; pyis ^yon-par O gyur you will have to repent it hereafter Dzl.; with la, to re- pent of a thing; O gyod-pa skye repentance arises , I feel repentance , I repent frq. ; sems O gy6d-par ^gyur id. ; *da gyod-pa yen dug* W. id.; ^yod-pa med I do not regret it; ^gyod-pa-can repenting Pth.; ^gyod-pai sems med-par Jcyod-la sbyin-no I give it you readily and with all my heart Pth. ; ^gyod-med without repentance, without grud- ging, also: in good earnest; ^gyod-fsdns byed-pa, O fol-zin ^gyod-pa, O gy6d-cin bsdg- pa Dzl. to acknowledge repentingly, to confess with compunction; ^gyod-fsdnsbyed- par yndn - ba to accept a repentant con- fession = to forgive, to pardon Dzl. (p. &"?, V7, L -, 33) ; offyod-rmo-ba, c. la, to make repent, to make one suffer, feel, or pay (for a thing) Dzl.', ynon-^yod repentance proceeding from consciousness of guilt Pth. %( s )-p> pf- wag*, to sound, to utter a sound, of men, ani- mals, thunder etc. Dzl.\ to cry, to shout, dei rnd-lam-du ^rags-par ^yur-na if it is shouted into his ear; ces grogs so it is called, so he was called, by this name he goes, under that name he is known, celebrated; bod-la yi-ge med ces grays Tibet, so it is said, was without letters, without a written language; Zam. O grdgs-pa to bind, v. grdgs-pa. q .-. o grdn-ba 1. Cs. to number, to count, v. bgrdn-ba. 2. to satisfy with food, to satiate, *ddn-ce med* W. he is insatiable; gen. only the pf. is in use: cyrafis rjes after having eaten one's fill 3/<?rf. ; sd-ba bsdd-pas mi ^grdn-te not yet having enough of deer-killing Mil. nrnr-q- <grdd-pa Cs. = byrdd-pa, to spread, to extend (vb. a). y r(in ~l )a C^'- ^JnJ) ^ to vie with, contend with, to strive (for victory), wa sen-ge-la a fox (contending) with the lion Dzl.; co- priil in magic tricks Dzl.; rig-pa in shrewdness, cunning Glr. ; pyug- Kydd rnam-fos-kyi bu dan ^rdn-te to cope even with Plutus as to riches Dzl.; bstod- par ^gran let us vie with one another in songs of praise Glr.; O gmn-pas cog let us now draw a parallel between (these two) Glr.; O grdn-du jug-pa to cause (two per- sons) to strive (for the victory) Dzl. 2. in a general sense, to fight, to defend one's self, to make resistance. Comp. Q gran-fsig words of contention, a quarrelling speech Glr. ^gran-sems 1. contention, emulation. 2. jealousy. 3. quarrel- some temper, spirit of controversy; O gran- sems ycog-pa to stop, put an end to con- tention. O grdn-zla (pronounced *ddl-za* in the north of Ld.), rival, competitor, equal match ; ^rdn - zla - med- pa, ^gran - zld dan brdl-ba, also ^rdn-gyi do-med, ^rdn-ya- med, without a rival, matchless, unequalled, applied also to things. off ram ! shore, bank, cw-^mmid.; cu cen-poi ^grdm-du son they went to the bank of a large river Dzl. 2. side, sgo- grdm yyds-na on the right side of the door Glr. ; sgoi pyi-^gram-na before the door, outside, out of doors Ptli. 3. wall, Kdn-pai < 6g-&ram the lower wall of a house (opp. to the roof) Mil; O gram-fzi C., S.y. foundation, basis, ^ram-yzi O dm-ba to lay a foundation. In a more general sense: ^grdm-du near, close to, just by, rgydn-nas sgra ce-la O grdm-du don cun he has a great voice, is making much noise, at a distance, but looking nearer, you do not find much in him Mil; sin-gi jjrdm- du close to the tree. ^ram-pa o9 ram ~P a cheek (cf. Kur - fsds), *<]dm-pa horn son* W. his cheeks are fallen; lug-pa O grdm-pa-la rten-pa to lay one's hand on the cheek (in a pensive or sorrowful mood) Dzl. Comp. O g ram-led ff a slap on the face, box on the ear; *dam-cdg gydb-ce* W. to box a person's ears. O gram-cu Ida/t that makes one's mouth water Sch. O gram- pug Lt.f *()am-dz6g* C. a blow or cuff with the fist upon the cheek, *gydg-pa* to deal such blows. O gram-rus cheek- bone, jaw-bone. O grdm-sa the flesh of the cheek. O gram-ys6g the hinder part of the jaw-bone Sch. O grdm-so cheek- tooth, molar-tooth, grinder. *9 ram -yi9 edict > proclamation, publication Sch. Q grdms-pa to \\uriLt. ; of wounds : to get inflamed, ni f. Mil. nt. O grams-fsdd, a disease, fever in consequence of great ex- ertions Med. 'V O ff ras -P a to hate, to bear ill-will, to have a spite against, *na Ko- la ze de O dug* C. I hate him in my heart. n%ro%r .9^9-^9 1- gelatine, jelly of ^-1 I i~l I meat ^ 2. v. the following article. 9 ri 9-P a ( cf - sgrig-pa) to suit, agree, correspond, to be right, adequate, sufficient, in B. seldom, col. very frq., * dig-pa yin* C. that will do, I am satisfied ; *da dig* W. now that will do ! just enough now! *dig-dig* W. to be sure! quite so! of course! %o dig gog* W. yes, to be sure! *tso-ce mi dig* W. it is not yet time for cooking; *fo-re tsdg-na dig- go* W. will it be early enough, if 1 sift it to-morrow'? *de yan mi dig-pa dug* W. also that is not practicable; na jo 1 -yan di ma dig-na if my pronunciation is not correct C. (Lewin). ff rib -P a > P f - 9 rib > L to 9 row less ' to decrease, to be diminished, syn. to Jbri-ba; mi ^rib mi liid-pa neither to grow less nor to flow over Dzl.', but gen. O pel-ba is opposed to O grib-pa, and both 99 words refer not only to bulk, size, and quantity, but also to strength, well-being etc., so that O grib-pa also means to sink, decay, be reduced; bskdl-pa mar O grib, ace. to Schr. = Treta yuga v. dus 6; mar ^rib- pa also opp. to yar skye-ba to be re-born in lower regions. 2. to grow dim, to get dark, cf. sgrib-pa Cs. o9^ m -> i Q lttg- grim Glr. 45: lag- ^grim-gyis brgyus-pas passing from hand to hand, v. O grim-pa II, 1. 9 t ^ m ~P a ^- sometimes for O brim- pa Pth. II. pf. O grims 1. to go, walk, march about, perambulate, to rove or stroll idling about, rgyal-Kams over the countries Mil.; ycig-pur ri-Krod-la Mil.; bar-dor in the bardo (q.v.) Thgr.; mi-ser jdg-pai O grim-sa yin it is a resort of robbers Mil.; it is also used of the course of the veins in the body Med. 2. W. to go Off, to sell, to meet with a ready sale. 3. rig-pa ^rim-pa v. rig-pa. -q- <&ril-b", P f - gril ( cf - sgril-ba) 1. to be twisted or wrapped round, Dzl 17. ace. to one manuscript, for Jcri- ba Sch.; to be collected, concentrated, to Hock or crowd together, kun O gril-nas all in a heap, all together Mil. 2. to be turned, rounded, made circular or cylindric, e.g. a stick Mil. 3. to fall, e.g. leaves from a tree; in B. seldom, in W. frq. ( Q dril- ba is the same word). O yris v. O dris. Qni-fl' <>g r u-ba, pf- g>'us, to bestow pains NS upon a thing, slob-pa-la upon study Dzl Qcnq-q- ^rub-pa, pf. gmb 1. to be made g ready, to be finished, accomplished; O gmb-pa mi srid it is not possible that this be accomplished Glr. ; ma O gritb-pat' before its having been finished Glr.; nut- ^rub-pa^nams ^rub-par O g-yur-ro (frq. of charms, regarding their desired effect) prob. means: all that has not yet been effected, will be accomplished by it; grub-pa-rnams is applied in a special sense to the ordained Gelongs (v. dge-slon)', sugs-la O grub the 100 O grum-pa thing is brought about quite of itself Mil. ; so esp. in the phrase: Ihun-gyis grub-pa being produced spontaneously (opp. to making, procuring) e. g. clothes, food etc. were always at his disposal, viz. in a supernatural way Dzl.\ dpdl-las grub it devolved on me in consequence of my perfection, my superior qualities Mil.] don -la gt'ub-pa med kyait, though it did not actually happen so (still, being meant to frighten by appearances etc.) Glr. ; byed- na don cen O yrub if you do so, you will have many advantages (lit. great welfare) by it Mil; gru ^grub-pa Tar. 25,6; 34,20 Schf. : to take in a full cargo, though from the wide meaning of the word, it may also signify: to accomplish a journey happily, so esp. in the passage Tar. 35,3 2. to be made, fabricated, rdd-las out of stone. -- 3. to be fulfilled, granted, of wishes etc., also with bzin-du. 4. to be performed according to rule, of charms; cf. sgrub-pa and grub-pa. O grub-sby6r is an expression occurring in almanacs, relative to the proving true of certain astrological prognostics of good luck, similar to, but not identic with rten- brel. 9 r ^ m -P a ) P f - f/rum(?), to pinch or nip off (the point of a thing), to cut off, to prune, lop, clip, the wings, W., cf. grum-pa. jrul-ba I. 1. to walk, to pass, to travel, O grul-bar byed-pa to cause to go, to send off, despatch, a messenger Dzl.', *nun-la dul* W. walk first! take the lead! ^rul-ba-po, O grid-po Sch., *dul- Kan, dul-mi* W. a walker, foot-traveller, pedestrian; ^grul-pa Sch. id.; ^grul sbst. passage, the possibility of passing, ynya- ndn-gi O grul cad-pas the passing from Nyanan being made impracticable (viz. by snow) Mil. 2. fig. to walk, to live, act, or behave, *tim-si* (or *tim-mi) nan- tar* W. (to live) in conformity with one's duty, in accordance to the law. 3. to pass, to be good, current, of coins. II. i. o. brul-ba Mil. ^jrus-pa 1 . pf. of yru-ba. 2. sbst. zeal, diligence, endeavour; more frq. brtson- grus. QJTJ'q* O g r e-ba 1- to roll one's self, sd-la on the ground; O gre-ldog Glr. (or O gre log Pth.) byed-pa id., e.g. from pain, despair etc.; also of horses etc. 2. to repeat Cs. O gren-ba (cf. Q sgreh-ba) to stand (not in use in W.) don-gi Kar O gren-nas standing at the top of the pit Dzl." dhdiis-pa Itar Q greu-bar O gyur they start up as if frightened Dzl. ; of the po- mfsdn : to be erected Med. ; mi O grcn ysum three lengths of a man Tar. Q gren-bu, also O gren-po (Glr.') the sign of the vowel e. J- O grem(s}-pa, pf. bkram, fut. dgram,, imp. fcroms (PF. *tam- ce*, imp. *fom*) 1. to put or lay down in order, e.g. beams, spars etc. B. and col ; to spread out, to display, goods, books, on the table or ground; to scatter, blossoms by the wind Stg.; to draw, a curtain. - 2. to sprinkle, water, B. and col. 3. to distribute, for O brim-pa C. o9 r vl-ba, pf. bkral, another form for ^rol-ba, to explain, comment, illustrate, dg6its-pa the import (of the words or writings of the saints); O grel-ba 6s., grd-paZam., Tar. explanation, explication, commentary; don- grel, resp. dgoiis- grcl explanation of the meaning; t'sig- grel ex- planation of a word, of the words; fzun- grel 1. explication of the text 2. text and commentary; ran- grel prob. self-explana- tion, an explanation contained in the book itself Wdit.', Q (jrel-ba-po Cs., O grel-po Sch., O grd-byed Cs. an explainer, commentator. (pan- f sun ^rel-ba, and Kral^rel-ba Lexx.?} 9 r6 -sgo C. expense, expenditure, of money, *do-gor tdn-ba* to lay out (money), to spend. <gro-ldih Dramila, country in the south of India Schf. ; another reading gives Dravida (coast of Coro- mandel). Q^fq* 9 ro 'b a I- vb., pf. and imp. son, the ^ imp. O gro(s) seldom used, 1. to 101 walk, Jcyeu O gro mi nus-pa yoy-pa team an infant, a child, that creeps only, and is not yet able to walk Dzl. O yro-ba dan ny al- ba dan O dug - pa the walking, lying and sitting Dzl. ; com. in a more gen. sense: to go, to move, O gro-am mi ^gro will you go or not? rgyul-poi mdiin-la O gro-bai Idg- ca the things going, i.e. carried, before the king Gli: ; to go away, da na O gro-bar zu now I beg to be permitted to go Pth.; ynds-nas O yr6-ba to go away from a place, to leave, Jlyim-nas O gro mi pod-na if one cannot leave his house, part from home Pth.; to go out, Kyod nyin-par rtdg-tu O gro- na if during the day you always go out, are from home Dzl', to travel, pan-fsun- du ^gro-ba DzL, par O gro fsur ^gro-ba Pth. travelling there and back; yar O gro mar O gro-ba to travel up and down, up hill and down hill Glr. ; O gro-cos-su as a spiritual vademecum Mil.; Q gro-fse on the way, on the road; opp. to ^6n-ba (more fully: par O gro fsur ^on-ba, col. yon-ba) to go and to come back; hence ^ro-fse may also mean: on the way thither; O gro-^on-med- pa a thing that is neither going nor coming, but always remaining in its place Mil.; to go, move on, to continue one's way, esp. in the phrase son(-son)-ba-las. Connected with adverbs and postpositions : pyir O gro- ba to return, go home, to come back, also: to go out, mdun-du, stion-du, snun-la O gro-ba to go before, pass before, precede (nidiin- du referring to space only, snon-du and s/iun-du both to space and time); rjes-su ^gro-ba to follow, come after or later, to succeed, also to give one's self over to, to addict one's self to (e.g. ill courses) Ld.-Glr. Schl. p. 7,b; O gro cug, C. let it be, let it take its course! rkydl- gro a swimming fish Cs. dyur (or rgur)- o yro = dud-^ro. O g>'ul-<$ ro P ac i n g> walking Cs. r yyuy- yro running, galloping Cs. ndn- yro going to damnation, ndn- sott having gone to damnation, ndn-son f&um the three damned, or not saved, classes of beings (v. sub II) ; nan-son ysum is opposed to bde-^ro^ and often used in a general sense = c hell'. snon- yro \. pre- ceding, foregoing, previous, former. 2. preface, introduction, opp. to ditos-yzi, the thing itself, the text etc. Thgr. and elsewh. cos fams-cdd-kyi sit on- ^ roi 'slab-by aPetersb. Verzeichnissno.409) does not mean: 'advice given by the former (teachers)' Sch., but: introductory and preparatory doctrines. mcon- gro (going in leaps) a frog Cs. - nydl- gro (creeping, crawling) a worm. lto- yro (crawling, sliding on the belly) worm, snake, frq. dud-^gro (&>., t?f^r ) walking in an inclined posture, an animal, v. sub. II. bde- gro going to happiness: the happy, the blessed, also bd ( >r- yro Was., opp. to //dn- gro, v. above; usually in a gen. sense, like our 'heaven'; bde- yro mfo-ris-Ttyi lus fob-pa to receive a heavenly, glorified body, v. lus. Q dur- yro trotting Cs. O pur-gro a bird Cs. O pye- gro Ito-^gro. Idiis-^gro walking erect, man. - 2. to get, to get into, to enter ci-bdag- gi dbdn-du sor't-ba having got into the power of death S.a. ; grdl-gyi fa-mar son they got (in a miraculous manner) to the end Dzl. V\S, 4. b.; de nyid mig-tu soii- na if the same (a little hair) gets into the eye Thgy. 3. to find room in, to be contained in, \ikeso/i-ba: til-tjdn Kalbrgydd- cu O gro-ba ziy a sesame store-room that will hold 80 bushels; Kal yciy O yro-bai zin as much land as can be sown with a bushel of corn (prop, a field holding a bushel) Pth, 4. to turn to, to be trans- formed into, syn. to O gyur-ba and often used instead of it, but only in more re- cent writings, and in the col. language of C. (in W. *cd-ce* is much more in use): duy-tu ^gro it turns to poison, it is changed into poison Mil. ; Kyi-mo ziy-tu son she was changed into a bitch Mil. ; mfar gyur-nas sdug-bsitdl-du O gro-bas-na because they finally change and are turned into misery Thgy.; log -par O gro~ba to take an un- favourable turn, to have a fatal issue (of a cure) Lt; da sgrub-ynas-su son yod it has now become a place of meditation, it has been transformed into sacred ground 102 jrdgs-pa Mil.; stobs cun-du O yr6-ba the state of declining, the decay of strength Med. ; col- bar ^gro they get intermixed, confused Ma.; similarly Tar. 210,10; las zin jjro- na when there is no more work, when work ceases. In a somewhat different sense: me-toy smdn-la c gro the blossom is used for medicines. 5. In W. ^ro-ba is gen. joined to a supine in te, and used to express uncertainty or probability: *di- rih der teb-te do* he has probably arrived there to-day; *zer-te yod do* very likely he has said so; *sro zi-te (jo* his anger will have abated, I think. The origin of this particular use of the word may perh. be traced to such sentences as the one following: puii-ste O gro we are going to be ruined, we are likely to be ruined. 6. to be spent, expended, v. O gr6-sgo; *s6n- fo* col., account of expenses. II. sbst. a being, a living creature, ^gro- ba mi the being k man', Mil.; O gro-ba rin- cen Cs., O gro-mcog, the highest being, or creature, man; ^gro-bai rigs drug, ^gro- drug the six classes of beings, viz. lha, Iha-^ma-yin, mi, dud-^ro, yi-dvags, dmydl- ba-pa. The lha-ma-yin are sometimes omitted, or placed after man. ^gro^-bai) don byed-pa, or mdzdd-pa to care for the welfare of beings, which expression is frq. applied to the benevolent activity of the Bodhisatvas etc., at present as much as: to perform divine service, to officiate, = sku-rim byed-pa. O gro-pdn = O yro-ddn Tar. 13, 16. O gr6-sa t. way, road W., *do-sa med* one cannot go there. 2. aim, scope, ^ro-sar pyin he reaches his aim, attains his end Glr. 3. access, approach, O gro-sa mi O dug one cannot gain access, admission. <>9 r6 9 s -P a 1- ( cf - 9 r 9*) to be associated, Kyo-suy j-nyis O yroys- na husband and wife together Dzl.; de dan ^rogs-te ^ons he came with him, had joined him Dzl.; ^grogs-te don -no let us go together Dzl.; na dan K'yed-rnams Jbral- med rtdg-tu O grogs I and you, we shall always remain inseparably united Glr.; O gr6gs-dgos-rnams tliose with whom we are to keep close fellowship, our nearest re- lations and associates S.g. 2. cf. O grdgs- pa, sgrog-pd) to cry, to shout Dzl, esp. joined whh O bod. 3. (cf. grds-pa, grdgs- pa I.) to bind, to tie, fdg-pa-la dar-lcog, a flag to a rope; to hang, fix, fasten, nyi-mui zrr-la hanging on a sun-beam Glr. 2f 9'' 6 ' l ( s )-P> or egrf'M-pa, straight, - bsrdns-pa, Ts. O gron-ba 1. pf. grons 1. resp. to die; O groits-ka the very time of one's death 6s. , cf. Q ci-ka; sometimes it stands 2. for O dren-pa, Mil. and C. 2. pf. bkroits, fut. dgrons, resp. to be killed, murdered, put to death, of Lamas and kings. r ^rod-pa, ^bgrod- pa, to go, to travel Glr. y ron alienism, the state of being a foreigner; O gron-du O gro-ba to go on travels, to go abroad Dzl.; ^ron-po, fern. Q gron-wio, guest, foreigner, stranger, traveller frq.; O gron-po Jbod-mKan one inviting guests, an inviter col.; yzis-^gron a native guest, byes-^ron a foreign guest Cs. ; ^gron-Kdn inn, public house Mil. ; ^gron- ynyer 1. that servant in a household who has to announce visitors, to receive and hand over requests etc.; in W. an official in the monasteries attending on strangers and travellers. 2. a mediator, one supporting a petition, one taking care of sacrifices etc. ^gron-ldm road 6s. , Cs. = ^rod-pa. ^jron-bu {W. col. *rum-bu*} a small shell, cowry, at present chiefly used as ornament, or as a medicine, after having been burnt and pulverized; O y>'6n- bui fal the ashes of this shell Med. ; ^ron- fod an ornament for the head, consisting of cowries Mil. Qpj,* ^gror, supine of PCff^'jn* 9 r l-ba I. vb. neut., pf. grol, to become free, to be liberated, re- leased from, bcins-pa gah yin-pa de-dag ni grol-bar yyur-to all that were bound 103 rffu were released ; lus de las from this body Gl>'.; ndd-las from disease, nas by me Mil. In a specific Buddhistic sense: yid, or sems mam-par grol the soul or spirit is released, made free, viz. from every impediment arising from imperfect knowledge or per- ception, the latter being no longer subject to dimness and uncertainty, but perfectly clear; ran(-sar) grol-ba what has become clear of itself (without any study or exertion) Glr.; yet ran grol-ba seems also to denote: to be set free, to get released (from the Kor-ba) through one's self; cos-nyid-kyi glin-du O grol-ba to be released and elevated into the region of the highest perception Glr.; ^grol-ba, used absolutely, always signi- fies, like fdr-ba, to be released from the evil of existence. II. vb. act., pf. bkrol, fut. dgrol, imp. Krol ( W. bkrol, pronounced *fo/*) 1. to loose, untie, unbutton, unfasten, a knot, a bag, a garment; to put down, take off, arms, or- naments etc. 2. to release, redeem, liberate, bci/ts-pa-las from fetters Tar. 3. to re- move, do away with, put an end to, sdug- bsi'tdl misery, fe-fsom doubts. 4. to re- move Obscurities, to free from uncertainties, to explain, interpret, comment, = O grel-ba, e.g. dgons-pa the sense, import Lex.; O grol- byed, O grol(-ba)-po commentator Cs. aSfef* ( J ros the act of 9 in 9> walking, pyi O gros-su v. sub O g yes-pa; skyabs- gros v. skyabs; spyod- gros manner of walking, gait, carriage; sen-gei spyod-gros Mil. the manner of a lion; also manner or mode of living, of transacting business, de-fso nd-yi spyod- gros yin these are my occupa- tions Mil.; mig-gi spyod- gros the language of the eyes, of looks ; rkan-gros 1 . a going or travelling on foot, a march. 2. breeding cattle, rkan- grds spel-ba to breed cattle, to be a grazier. cu- grds a current of water; *sin cu- grds-la kydl-ce* to float tim- ber W. O gros-cen amble (of a horse) Sch. r 9 a -ba, pf. rgas 1. to be old, aged, rga-sis yzir-ba to suffer under (the infirmities of) old age Zam. (cf. skye-ba init.); rgds-pai ste/t-du beside my being already old Dzl.\ rgas-Kogs v. J?6gs-pa. 2. fig. to go down, to set, of the sun etc. ; go-rgds v. go 2. ' /v/-"v//;-/-/v/</-/v//(?) bat, flitter- a lar g e g ra y species of lizard Ld. tt rgan, also jjan-yztr-ma hedgehog Sch., or perh. rather porcupine. zW^'CJ" r 9 a d-pa, or rgdn-pa, old, aged; more frq. rgdd-po \. an old man, a man gray with old age. 2. an elder, senior, headman of a village; rgdd-mo an old wo- man; rgan-bgres old people Sch.; rgan-rgon )nyis Sch. : 'both the old man and the old woman '(?) ; rgan-rgon-rnams-kyiskyo-grogs the comforter of old people (so Mil. calls himself). rgan-byis old people and children, old and young Mil. rgan-mi-mdn = rgan- ysum. gan-fsir-zon-fsii' W., gpn-zon-<lhal- rim C. the privileges of seniority. rgan- zugs those that are grown old 6s., 'an old monk' (?) Sch. rgan-rdbs the aged, rgan- rdbs-la rim-gro byed-pa Stg., rgan-ngs pu- dud-du Kiir-ba S.g. to respect old age. rgan-ysum, rgan-mi-mdn the elders of a village. rgal W. a ford. rgal-cig-pa = rgag-cig Ld. rgdl-ba, pf. and fut. brgal, imp. rgol, c. las, or accus., or /a, to step over (a threshold) Glr.; to pass or climb over (a mountain); la brgdl-bai bydii-nos the north-side of a pass crossed Glr. ; to leap over (a wall) Dzl. ; to ford (a river); to travel through, to sail over, to pass (a river or lake), rgyd-mfso-la gru-yzins-kyi lom- nas brgdl-te after having crossed the sea in a ship. * rgal-fsigs Sch. = sgal-fsigs. rgas, v. rgd-ba. rgds-ka old age; rgds-ka / a vi- gorous old age. gs rgu sometimes for dgu; rgu-fub dgu- >J tub Med.; -gu-drus? 104 *]" rgiid-pa a to decline, to sink, to get weak, frail, esp. with old age Mil., Pth.\ in W. used in a more general sense: *gud son* 1. lie has grown thin. 2. he is impoverished, much reduced, in declining circumstances; dar-rgud the rise and fall in the world. ft.x' rgun the vine; grape; rgun-dkdr white N ^ grapes, rgun -nag black, or purple grapes W. ; ryun-ryod W. raisins; rgun- O brum grapes; raisins; ryun (- O bruni)-si/i vine; rgun(- bruiti)-fscis vineyard; rgun-cdn Mil. wine, resp. ryun-skyems Cs. fS^\ rgur v. dgur. Cff rgo, sometimes for syo. Cfj"^* ryo-ba = dgo-ba. ryons S.g.? jxjr-rr r ryoits-mo Mil. for dyons-mo (?). 1. laughing, laughter S.g. 2. bird ' of prey. 3. wild. 4. prudent (v. the following word). rgod-pa I vb. 1. to laugh, aloud (tfaf. *rgod-ca*) cf. 0dd-w, dgod-pa, bgdd-pa. 2. to grow weak, lan- guid, or indolent, syn. to yyeit-ba, often joined with %z>i, for emphasis; rgod-bag- can weak, languid, indolent Stg. II. adj. 1. wild, ra-ryod wild goat, pay-ryod wild boar, yyag-ryod wild yak or ox; ryod-yyay-rwd horn of the wild yak /S.<7. ; bya-ryod vulture, bird of prey = bya- 1'gydl] rgod-po, and ryod id.; rgod-kyi rtse- ryydl an eagle's feather, stuck as ornament on the hat Pth.; mi-i'god a wild or savage man; a robber, ruffian; mi-ryod byed-pa to rob (usually named together with murder- ing and lying) DzL, but as the Tibetan always attaches to this word mi-ryod the notion of some gigantic hairy fiend, it cannot in every instance be applied to be- ings really existing. Fig. furious, angry (seldom) ; dbuys-ryod Med. ? 2. prudent, able C., Zam. aT^'&T r 96d-ma, rta rgod-ma (Bed. * gun- ma* a mare; ryod-skdm-ma a bar- ren mare Sch.] rgod-brun dung of a mare Med. CH^I" ryol 1. v. rydl-ba. 2. v. ryol-ba. >'yol-ba, pf. and fut. brgol, to dispute, combat, fight, mi-la with or against a man; pd-rol-poi dmdg-la ryol-du O gro-ba they are about to tight against the hostile army Dzl.\ fzdn-yyis ryol ma nus-so no- body could fight them, could make head against them Glr.; to offer resistance, to make opposition, SMS kyan ryol-ba O dziigs- pai mi ma byun nobody arose to offer re- sistance Pth. (evidently incorrect; it should be either ; sus kijan rgol-ba O dzuys-pa [inf. ] ma byun, or: ryol-ba O dzuys-pai [partic.] mi su yan ma byun); sometimes as much as to accuse, to charge, Kydd-tyis nai bu bsdd-do zes brydl-te 'you have killed my son', thus accusing me Dzl. ; fsur ynyis ryol he quarrels at a double rate Mil. ; mi- la ryol-ba zu-ba to find fault with another (higher in rank), to pick a quarrel with him Mil.; ryol-bai zu-don a speech pro- voking a quarrel with a superior Mil. ; pas- ryol a quarrel or contest begun by the counter-party Sch. ; pas-ryol-mi, pas ryol- pa mi adversary, opponent Dzl. ?sS 5 , 2. snd-rgol, and pyi-rgol (Ssk. qr^c||f^^ & m.cnr^0 1- a cc. to Cs. plaintiff and de- fendant, but these terms are not quite ade- quate, as s/td-rgol prop, denotes him who begins a quarrel, the aggressor, assailant, both in war and in common life, e.g. in court, and pyi-ryol designates him, who is intent on defending himself against the attacks and accusations of the opponent, by surpassing him in abusive language and esp. by having recourse to witch- craft. Hence pyir-rgol-bai ynod-pa is a kind of danger against which every one tries to protect himself, and chiefly again by charms and witchcraft. '2. sha-ryol and pyi-vgol are also said to signify those students that are contending with one an- other in academical disputations. f. rgya 1. resp. pyay-rgyd, seal, stamp, mark, sign, token; (pyuy-Yrgyds O debs- 105 pa, Cs. ryya bryydb-pa^ to seal, to stamp; to seal up, biim-pa-la a bottle Glr. ; ndm- mJcai dbydiis-su (to seal up) into the hea- venly regions, i.e. to cause to disappear, to hide for ever Glr. ; to confirm or pledge solemnly by a sealed document; ri-ryya liul - ryya Q dzuy - pa 'to seal up hills and valleys', i.e. to protect the living beings inhabiting them from being harmed by huntsmen or fishermen, an annual perfor- mance of the Dalai Lama, consisting in a variety of spells and incantations; ryya y coy-pa to break open a seal Cs. Fur- ther expressions v. compounds. 2. (6s. rgyd-bo?) extent, width, size, rgyar dpag- tu-med-pa immeasurable in extent Glr.', sems-can-yyi ryyai fsad ni ci tsam how vast must be the extent (of love) with res- pect to beings! Thyy.; rgyd-can having extent, mlcyen-rgya-can of extensive learn- ing Mil. ; ryya-cen(-po) of very large size, very extensive, of a building, a pond etc. ; grand, enormous, prodigious, of banquets feasts, sacrifices, assemblies ; c. accus. very rich in, Schr.', in a general sense: great, ston-pa ryya-ce-ba a great master or teacher Thyy. ; ryya-^cen spyod-pai bld-ma may be rendered: a very virtuous Lama, po. ; ryya- cun denotes the contrary of all this ; ryya- ce-cun v. ryya-Kyon in Compounds; rgya- cer adv. = ryyds-par in detail, at large, at full length, e.g. to explain: rgya-cer byed- pa to extend Feer Introd. etc. p. 72; ryya- cer-rol-pa Lalitavistara or Lalitavistara, title of a biography of Buddha, translated and edited by Foucaux (a conjecture con- cerning the signification of the Sanskrit word v. Fouc. Ryyatcherr. II. p. XXII.; some statements relative to the Chinese translations of this work, v. ibid. p. XVI., and Was. 176; on the historical value of it v. Was. 3, 4) ; ryya bskyed-pa Zam., Cs. to widen, augment, enlarge, extend, ryya bskum-pa to contract, to diminish the ex- tent. Lastly, it also denotes, like dkyil- Kor, a plain surface, a disk : nyi zlai ryya dkar sar Mil. the bright disks of the sun and moon appear, cf. ryyas in zla-ryyds; v. also the compounds. 3. (6s. ryyd-mo, perh. also ryyd-ma*) net; byd-ryya fowling- net, nyd-ryya fishing-net, ri-days-ryya hunting -net, 4. for ryyd-ma, v. com- pounds. 5. for ryyd-mo beard, ryyd- can having a beard, bearded 6'. 6. for ryya-ydr, ryya-gdr-pa, and ryya-ydr-skad. 7. for ryya-ndy, ryya-ndy-pa, and ryya- ndy-skad. 8. for rgya-ru. 9. for ryya- skyi'ys. 10. erron. for bryya. Comp. and deriv. ryya-dkdr 1. nyi- zldi ryya-dkdr v. above no. 2. extr. 2. 6s. = ryya-ydr India, 3. 6s. a dog with white spots on the nose. ryya-skdd 1. Sans- krit language, 2. Chinese language. ryya- skds ( W. *yya-sre*} a (European) staircase, cf. skds-ka. ryya-skeys, ryya-skycys, Ssk. ^fT^ff, Williams: 'a kind of red dye, lac, obtained from an insect as well as from the resin of a particular tree' ; in medical works it is mentioned as an astringent me- dicine; the adjectives dkar-ryyd light-red, and ryya-smuy violaceous C. are derived from this word. ryya-Kiir MedJ ryya- Kyi a Chinese dog. rgya - Kyon width, extent, area Pth., col. *yya-ce-cuh*. ryya- Jcri C. chair. ryya-ydr (the 'white ex- tent or plain') India, ryya-ydr-pa an Indian, ryya-yar-skad Sanskrit language. vgyaf gram a figure like a cross; rdo^rje-ryya- yrdm shaped like a quadrifid flower; rlun ryya-yrdm zes-pa Glr. seems to be = rliin- yi dkyil-Jtor atmosphere (connected with some phantastic association); Idm-po ryya- yrdm a cross-road Sch. ryya-cdn a kind of girdle Lex. ryya-can v. rgya 2 and 5. ryya-cu-Kuy-pa n. of a river in China near the Tibetan frontier (also ryya-cu- rabs-med) Glr. rgya-ce etc. v. ryya 2. ryya-tdm Shot. = tdm-ka, the third part of a rupee. rgya-vtags mark, signature, stamp Sch. rgya -Ml a kind of seal or stamp 6s. rgya-mfoiis \. a platform, an open pavilion on the house-top, 2. a vent-hole for smoke. ryya- di'<> a quarrel Mil.nt. ryya -nay (the 'black extent') China, r</ya-ndy-pa^ and -ma a China-man and woman; ryyd-rnams the Chinese Glr. 7* 106 rgya rgya-non W. the great royal seal, of a square form; surpassing (non-pa) all others in influence and power. rgya - dpe a Sanskrit book Tar. 33, 2. rgya-pi-lin n. of the country, rgya-pi-lin-pa, n. of the people, through which the Tibetans heard first (prob. at the beginning of the eigh- teenth century) of the civilized nations of the Occident, hence n. for British India, for Englishman, or European resident of Bri- tish India, and also (sometimes without rgya) for Europe and European in general. The word is of course not to be found in literature. Some derive it from 'Feringhi', which term, in the slightly altered form of pa-ran, pe-rdn, is current in C. } along with the above mentioned rgya-pi-lin ; it is there- fore not improbable, that pi-lin represents only the more vulgar pronunciation of the genuine Tibetan word p-yi-glm, an out- country, a distant foreign country and esp. Europe, Chr. Prot. rgya-pib(s), rgya- pub(s) a Chinese roof Glr. rgyd-ba \. vb. to be wide, extensive, pf. rgyas (q.v.), 2. sbst. width, extent, 3. adj. w r ide; rgyd- bar ^gyur-ba to extend, to increase, to be- come copious Cs., perh. no longer in use. - rgyd-bo 1. Cs. and Lex. beard. 2. a Chinese Glr., but not without an allusion to the former signification. rgya-dbdn rin-po-ce title of the Dalai Lama, v. Hue II., 275, where 'kian ngan' stands erro- neously. rgyd-ma i. a large steel-yard C., rgya -ma-la O degs-pa to weigh Glr., *gyd-ma-la teg-ne* C. being weighed out by retail, e.g. meat; *gyd-ma-la ma teg- ne* C. wholesale. 2. a sealed paper, do- cument. rgya-mi a Chinese. rgyd-mo 1. net Cs. 2. a Chinese woman Glr.; rgyd- mo-bza id. rgya-rmd the venereal disease Sch. rgya-smug violet colour C. rgya- fsd sal ammoniac Med. rgya-fsos Med., perh. = rqya-skyegs. rgyd-mfso 1. sea, ocean ; rgya - mfsor jug-pa to go to sea Dzl., yton-ba to let one go to sea Dzl.; pyii rgyd-mfso the outer sea, ocean; ndn-gi rgyd-mfso an inner sea, inland sea, lake. 2. Bal. (*rgydm-fso*) river, 3. dropsy Mng. rgyan-ma 4. symb. num.: four. rgya-yzi W. is stated to be a kind of y tor-ma. rgya- zor Mil. = zor reaping-hook, sickle. rgya- yzeb Sch. 'a large net', C. a large rake, used in reaping. rgya-yiil 1. a large country 2. China Glr. rgyd-ra, rgyd-ru, occasionally rgya alone, the Saiga-antelope Sch. rgya-ri a portion of meat, (= sder- gdn a plateful) small or large, Pth., W. C. ; it also denotes a measure = \ dum, or ^~ Ihu. rgya-rog beard C. rgya-ldb talk, gossip. rgya-ldm, high-road, high-way. rgya-sog Chinese paper. rgya-ser 1. gap, cleft, fissure, chasm, in rocks, glaciers etc., 2. a dog with yellow spots about the nose Cs. 3. Russia, rgya-ser-pa a Russian; cf. rgya-gdr. rgya-sog 1. W. a saw 2. Sch.: 'a Chuichui, or Chuichur, an infidel, a Mahometan ; also Turkestan'. rgya-srdn the open street (opp. to house) Glr. r 9y a 9~P a an ther form for rgydb- pa, used esp. in C., to throw, cast, fling, mda rgydc/-pa..to shoot arrows Glr.; brag -la cu rgydg-pai O pran a path along a precipice, where the water rushes against the rock, i.e. where there is a cataract Glr. ; dgon-pa zig rgydg-pa to found a mo- nastery (= O debs-pa) Georgi Alph. Tib.; * go-la zug gyag* C. = mgo-nad debs. ft*T|$r rc J l J a 9 8 -> or %2/^ provisions, victu- als, food, in full: O fso-bai rgyags, O fso-rgydgs; lam -rgyags provisions for a journey; dgun-rgydgs prov. for the winter; rgyags -pye, provisions of meal or flour; rgyags- zon merchandize to buy or barter victuals with. r gyfy B -P a fat > stout ^ Schr - also mighty, powerful, proud; rgyags- prug Pth., Schr.: bastard-child. SC* r yy an ( so pronounced in Bal.} instead ^ of gyai't, wall. - ryydh-ba, for (b}rkyd>i - ba, Pth.: rgydn-nas bzag they laid him down with his hands and feet stretched out. r gydn-ma distance 1. absolutely: rgydn^-ma^-nas at a distance, from afar, e. g. to see, to call to ; rgydn (-ma) 107 rgydb-pa -nas grays -pa ce - ba famous, celebrated, from afar Mil.; rgydit-du Ids-pa lingering far behind Sch. ; rgyaii mig mi mfon-mKan W. short-sighted; rgyaii mcoit btdit - gin moving forward by long leaps; rgydn-so O dzugs-pa to look over Sch., (ought per- haps to be spelled rgyaii-zo one looking, spying into a distance); rgyaii-sel spy-glass, rgyan-bsrins-pa lengthened to a great dis- tance Lex.\ rgyaii -pan, rgyait -pen n. of a philosophical (atheistical 6s.) sect in an- cient India, Tar. 22, 8: O jig-rten-rgyaii- pdn. 2. used relatively: rgyaii -riii-po far, rgyaii-nn-por son he went far away Mil.; rgyan-fuii-ba near; rgyaii-grdgs the reach of hearing, ear- shot, (gen. the dis- tance at which the sound of a trumpet may be heard, i.e. about 500 fathoms; however, as this number is much in favour with the Tibetans, such estimates are not to be de- pended upon). mig-rgydii Glr. distance of sight, i.e. the distance at which a man may be well distinguished from a woman, or a horse from an ass ; rgydiis adv. far, rgyans bkyed-de Mil.nt. moving far away, e. g. in order to increase one's distance from an unpleasant neighbour at table). AT\- rgydn-tse n. of a village and mo- v nastery in Tibet, not far from the frontier of Bhotan, Kopp. II., 358. JLT. rgyan 1. 1. ornament, decoration, rgydn- v ' gyis brgydn-pa decked with ornaments DzL; rgyan- dogs-pa to adorn one's self Mil.; Ka-rgydn an ornament at the mouth, edge, or brim of a vessel, e.g. peacock's feathers about the mouth of a bum -pa (sacred bottle), flowers in a glass etc.; fca- rgydn-can decorated in the front-part, eg. a coat trimmed with fur of different co- lours, an arrow gaily painted at its notch- ed end ; rgyan - mams DzL ornaments, rt/i/tin-ca id.; rgyan-gos Glr. festival gar- ment, beautiful vesture; dbu-rgydn an or- nament of the head, a diadem. 2. in relation to spiritual things: sems-kyi rgyan something good, a blessing, for the heart Mil.; rgydn-du O car it proves a blessing, a moral advantage or benefit Mil. II. 1. a stake or pledge at play, = skugs, *gyan tsiig-cc* W. to bet, to wager, e.g. a rupee: (also rgyal? Schr.}. 2. lot, rgyan rgydb-pa to cast lots, without religious ce- remonies, whereas rtags-ril and mo are connected with such. *q* r ffU a b> res P- sku^rgydb, Ssk. xp 1. the ^** back of the body, the back part of any thing; rgydb-kyis pyogs-pa, in later literature also rgyab- pyogs-pa Thgy. to turn one's back to a person or thing, c. la, also fig. DzL; rgydb-kyis pyogs-par byed-pa to put to flight; rgyab ston-pa to turn one's back, to turn round Glr.; rgydb-tu skyur-ba to throw to the back, to leave behind, to give up, to quit, frq. ; rgydb-tu Jb6r-ba id. ; rgyab brten^pa to lean one's back against or upon, to lean or rest on, to rely upon, confide in Mil.; rgyab byed-pa to protect Sch.; rgydb-tu, rgydb-na, rgydb-la behind, behind hand; after, back; rgyab-nas from behind; rgyab mdun fnyis-la Glr., *gyab dan dun- la* col. behind and before ; ti - se'i byan- rgydb-tu sleb fse as we came behind to the north-side of the Tise Mil. ; rgydb-kyi skycd- mos-fsal-du ysegs-so let us go into the gar- den behind us DzL ; rgyab^rdzi one stand- ing behind working people, in order to watch and superintend them. 2. as much as one is able to carry on his back, a load, drel-rgydb ysum three mules' loads Glr. Comp. bal-rgydb, or *rgyab-bdl* W. a fleece of wool. rgyab-Kdl 'a back's load', a burden carried on the back Sch., Schr. rgyab - sit as a cushion or pad for the back 6". rgyab -rte^n something to lean against, a safe retreat, prop, support Mil., rgydb-rtcn byed-pa to be a support Mil. rgyab-riii serpent, snake Sch. *gyab-log jhe'-pa* C. l. to turn one's back 2. to rebel, revolt; *gyab-log ddd-ce* W. to sit back- ward, with the back in advance. >'</y a b- Ugs the back, back-part, reverse of a thing. Q,n-rr r yydb-pa, pf. and fut. brgyab, imp. ryyob, to throw, to fling, aiming at a certain point, hence to hit, also to beat with a stick, = rduii-ba; to strike, mo- la mcus brgydb-nas bsad he (the male bird) 108 rgyam-fsva killed his mate by a stroke of his bill Bhar.; *tsd-ge-la (/yob* W. throw into the centre! hit the mark! sdon-po-la brgyab pog (the ray of light) fell upon the stem Glr.; de-la cu rgyob sprinkle this with water! Pth.- pyugs ndgs-seb-tu rgydb-pa to let the cattle run into the wood ; *zag- ddn gyab-ce* W. to put down the date, to date; *la gyab-ce* to cross a mountain pass. rgydb-pa is particularly used in W. in many phrases, whilst in C. rgydg- pa, and in B. ^debs-pa are more in use, as may be seen by referring to the several substantives, e.g. *ludgydb-ce* W. to throw dung upon the fields, to manure; *par gydb- pa* C., and * gyab-ce* W., to print; gydb- pa stands also alone, elliptically : *ka gyab dug* here (is printed) the letter ka, rgyam-fsva Med., Cs.: 'a kind of salt, like crystal'. rgyar v. rgya 2. r ffy a l I- victory, in certain phrases: *gyal fob-ce* W. to gain the victory, to conquer, overcome; to win a law-suit, opp. to *pam pog-ce*. 2. Schr. and Sch.: rgyal-rgydn a pledge, a stake, rgyal btsug- pa to bet, wager, gamble Sch.; rgyal bzag- pa to contend with an other person aboutthe first place, to try to get the precedence (?) Sch. ; perh. also ornament, v. sub rgdd-pa 2. - 3. fine, penalty, for theft C. 4. n. of two lunar mansions, v. sub rgyu-skdr; rgydl-gyi zld-ba, skdr-ma rgydl-la bdb-pai nyin-par, skdr-ma rgyal dan Q dzom-par, dpyid-zla rd-bai skdr-ma rgydl-gyi nym- par, are dates relating to them. 5. for rgydl-po and rgydl-ba. AOJ*n* rgydl-ba I. vb. neut. to be victorious, to obtain the victory, always with the sbst. in the nom. (not instr.) case, and gen. with las, over or against, ndg-poi pyogs-las over the powers of darkness, jigs-pa-las over fright, fear ; also fyul-lds in battle; prob. also fsod ltd-ba-las to pass an examination successfully ; but also without las, rtsod-^pa (to win) in a contest Glr. ; very frq. rgydl-bar ^gyur-ba id.; na rgydl-ba pdm son Kyod gyal son I have lost, thou hast won (also in business) ; to be acquitted, to gain a law-suit; dmag-Jcrugs-kyi rgyal- pdm-gyi ynas-fsul Jcol send (us) news con- cerning the progress of the war; in a similar sense: rgyal pam ci-ltar byun B.; rgydl-bar gyitr-cig, rgydl-ba dan fse-rin- bar sog cig victory and long life! Dzl. II. sbst. 1. (Ssk. spf) the act of con- quering, the victory, *<li gydl-wa fob* C. this bears away the palm or prize, this is the most excellent of all. 2. the con- quering party or person, he that prevails, the conqueror (opp. to pdm-pa the con- quered, vanquished). Much more frq.: 3. the most high, Buddha (Ssk. fgprr), rgydl- bai sku his person, rgyal-bai bka, his word; rg-yal dan de sras (po. instead of rgydl-ba dan dei sras) Buddha and his children, his disciples Pth. 1,1; rgydl-ba gou-ma the highest Buddha, God, Mil. 4. rgydl- ba rin-po-ce His Highness, His supreme Majesty, title of the Dalai Lama. III. adj. 1. conquering, superior, eminent, excellent, mam-par rgydl-bai Kan-bzdits the most magnificent palace (of Indra) Glr. 2. W. (gen. pronounced *gydlla*, in Pur. *rgydl-tva*) good, instead of bzdn- po; *gydl-la ddd-ce* or *lus-ce* to continue in good condition, entire, uninjured; ma gyalla excellent! capital! Comp. and deriv., belonging partly to rgydl-ba, partly to rgydl-po: *gyal-Ldi ;;f window C. *gydl-Ka, Ka-gydl* victory, gain, advantage W. rgyal -Mg country, empire. rgijal-Kdms \. kingdom. 2. realm, dominion of Buddha, the world. rgyal- Jirid Ld. for rgyal-srid. rgyal-Krims v. Krims. rgyal- gon n. of a demon Mil. rgyal-brgyud, and rgyal-rdbs 1. succession of kings of the same line or family, dynasty Glr. 2. a single generation of a dynasty, rgyal-brgyud l/td-bcu-na in the fiftieth degree (in the line of descent). rgydl-sgo prin- cipal door, entrance-door, gate C. >'gyal- sgruns, legend of the kings, esp. that of Gesar. rgyal-cen bzi the four kings of the spirits or guardians of the universe 109 rgydl-ba ( Q jig-rten-sky6n v. skyon-ba), residing just below the summit of Meru, the protectors of the gods against the Asuras,, v. Kopp. I, 250; II, 261. rgyal-stod lunar mansion v. rgyu-skdr. rgydl-po 1. king, rgydl-po cen-po great king, emperor; rgydl-por ^jug- pa, bsko-ba, to inaugurate a king, to raise to the royal throne; mi-la ryydl-po O col- ba id. Pth.j ryydl-po byed-pa to act the king, to be(a) king; /'/a ryydl-po mi O dod I do not wish to be king DzL; ryydl-po mi fdb-na if I do not obtain royalty DzL ; nas ni rc/ydl-po mi nus-so I cannot be king DzL The word is also used for : government- authorities, police etc.; ryydl-poi cdd-pa public punishment, rgydl-pos ysod-pa to be publicly executed. (As a characteristic sign of Asiatic views it seems worth mentioning, that the rgyal-po is usually spoken of much in the same manner, as robbers, confla- grations etc. are, i.e. as a kind of calamity against which protection is to be sought, esp. by charms and spells, cf. Jigs-pa). 2. a local god, ^ro-fdn rgydl-po the Dewa of Dotan Mil. 3. fig. something excellent, superior in its kind; not only as with us the word is applied to the lion, as the king of animals, but also to distinguished flowers: the Udumbara (Ficus glomerata), to mountains, Meru and others; and col. gans-rgydl a large glacier, brag-rgydl a huge rock, smon-lam-gyi rgydl-po a very comprehensive prayer, the bzan-spyod Glr. 4. symb. num.: 16. rgyal-prdn vassal or feudatory prince. rgydl-bu prince. rgyal-blon king and ministers, council of state. rgydl-mo 1. queen. 2. pupil of the eye, together with the iris; rgydl-moi mdans nyams the brightness of the eye- ball disappears Mcd. 3. like rgydl-po 3, e.g. a charm of particular power. rgyal- smdd lunar mansion, v. rgyu-skdr. rgyal- fsdb (for rgyal-poi fsab^ 1 . vice-roy, regent. Such a vice-roy under Chinese supremacy is now the king of Tibet, who about a century ago was still an independent ruler. 2. successor of a king. 3. (for rgydl-bai fsab) Maitreya, the future Buddha. rgyal- mfsdn sign of victory, trophy, a kind of decoration o cloth, of a cylindrical shape, erected upon a flag-staff,- or carried on a pole. rgyal-rdbs 1. = rgyal-brgyud. 2. history, annals, of the kings, title of several books. rgyal-rigs \. the royal family, house, lineage, 2. warrior-caste ^. rgydl- sa i. a king's or prince's residence, city where a court is held, and hence often capital, metropolis. 2. col., esp. in W.: town. 3. throne fig.; rgydl-mr fsegs-pa to ascend the throne, rgyal-sa bzu/i-ba to occupy the throne, rgydl-sar bsko-ba to raise to the throne, rgyal-sa ^prog-pa to usurp the throne; O di-nas rgydl-sa rgyai min rgydl-po-la sor from him the dominion passed over to the Chinese Ming-dynasty Glr. rgyal-srds 1. prince. 2. son of Buddha, a saint; sndn-gyi rgyal-srds saints of the olden time, of past ages. rgyal-srid i. government, reign, rgyal-srid bzun-ba to enter upon the reign, to take possession of the throne. 2. rgyal-srid sna-bdun the seven jewels of royal government, v. rin-cen. ft^pq' rgyds-pa(vrop. pf. to rgyd-ba) 1. vb. to increase in bulk or quantity, to augment, to spread, bd-yi nu Itar rgyas (the swollen uvula) gets as big as a cow's dug (these are in Tibet particularly small) Lt. ja-fson rgyds-pa O dra like an expanded rainbow Glr. ; bstdn-pa rgyds-sin the doctrine gaining ground, spreading Glr.; to grow, develop itself, of blossoms frq., of the body etc. 2. adj. extensive, large, ample, wide; copious, plentiful, manifold, numerous; rich in, abounding in; great in, strong in cca.; detailed, complete, full; esp. adv. rgyds-par (col. *gyds-pa, gye-pa*), rgyds- par ises O ddd-na, often also rgyds-par Q dod- na if you wish to know it fully, to hear it in detail; *fsdn-ma gyds-pa zer-na* W. if all the particulars are to be told; rgyds- par byed-pa \ . to make bigger, to augment, to increase, to bestow or confer plentifully, mi-la on a person Glr. 2. to describe, narrate, state at large, in detail frq.; don rgyds-/mr byed-pa to be very useful, to exert a 110 rgyu rgyu beneficial influence, la on, Glr. zla-ba rgyds-pa full moon Pth.; nya-rgyds zla-ba id. rgyds-pai fsd-ba, rgyas-fsdd n. of a disease Med. zi-rgyds etc. v. glin, and zi-ba. A. rgyu Ssk. f ?T 1. 1. matter, substance, ma- ^ terial, rgyu* sel- las crystal being the material; cdii-rgyu ingredients for making beer, i.e. barley, barm etc.; rgyu dge-ba bsdgs-pas fob-pa yin (the human body) is a substance obtained by accumulating virtue Thgy.; nd-ladgos-rgyu cuii \ have few wants Mil.; also for substance in an emphatical sense, = nervus rerum, money Mil.', bzo- rgyu matter or substance of which any thing is made or manufactured, material Glr.; zd-rgyu med we have nothing to eat fill-.: hence opportunity, chance, possibility, dd-ltar rgyu zig man -HO an opportunity offers now Dzl ; arrangements, preparation, * do-gyu jhe'-pa* C. to make preparations for a journey. In a special sense: material, stuff for weaving, warp, chain. 2. cause, reason, motive, main condition, mya-iidn- las O ddd-pai rgyur ^gyur it becomes the cause of Nirwana, i.e. it leads to Nirwana Dzl.] in elliptical speech: lha dan mii rgyur gyur-pai dye-ba the virtue that leads to (the re -birth amongst) gods or men Dzl. QV,11 (Sch. incorr.); in the same manner ndn-soh rgyu-ru gro; rgyus c. genit. by reason of, on account of, in consequence of Tar. ; cii rgyus why Stg. ; rgyu med-du, med-par without the impulse of a foreign cause, spontaneously; without sufficient reason, without good cause, the Latin temere; rgyu dan rkyen Cs. and Sch. 'cause and effect', more correctly (cf. rhyen) : primary and secondary cause, which, certainly, sometimes coincides with 'origin and further development', and so, too, with 'cause and effect'; rgyu dan rkyen de'i pyir, del rgyu del rkyen-gyis, del rqyu -rkyen, therefore, on that account; in Med.'. nye-bai rgyu the three anthropological causes or conditions of diseases, the three 'humours', air, bile, and phlegm; rin-bai rgyu the ultimate cause of diseases, and of every evil, viz. ignorance (ma-rig-pa, v. rig -pa) ; skyed- byed rgyu the creative cause Zam.; O pel- bai rgyu n{ Ite-ba the main condition, the efficient cause, of growth is the navel-string Med.; rgyu byed-pa to be the principal cause of, to lie at the bottom of a matter Mil. ; rgyu skyed-pa to lay the foundation of Dzl. 3. after verbal roots rgyu implies necessity, like our I am to, I have to, I am obliged to, I ought to; in later literature, as well as in the present col. language of C., it indicates the fut. tense: cos-skor yyds- nas byed-rgyu-la whereas the holy cir- cumabulation (v. skor-ba I, 2) ought to be performed from the right (to the left) Mil.; sddn-dgra ydl-rgyu-la as the enemy must vanish, or: is sure to come to an end Mil.; * sol-cog tal-dig jhd-gyu yin-nam* C. am I to lay the cloth? *dhd-ta to-ca zd-la O do-gyu yin* C. now I will go and dine; nai drun-du ^on-rgyu yin-pa those that intended to come to me (the Latin 'venturi') Glr.; de-la rgyal-srid yfdd-rgyu- la when the government was to be con- ferred upon him, when he was to enter upon his reign Glr.; rta zon-rgyu med (riding-) horses were not to be had Glr. - When appended to adjectives, it is a mere pleonastical addition: dkon-rgyu med that is not a very precious thing, there is nothing particular in that Mil.; cu/i- rgyui lha- Kan a very small temple Mil.; yzdn-pas legs -rgyu med he is not more beautiful than others Glr. ; ya-mfsdn-rgyu- med that is not to be wondered at; *go- gyu man* C. that is useless. Comp. rgyu-rkyen (v. above sub no. '2) connection, meaning, signification, rgyu- rkyen bsad-du ysol please explain to me the connection, which is often used in a general sense = what does that mean? what is that? Glr., but also in a special sense relative to law-suits: *Kyo-kyi gyu- kyen zu-la O do* C. I am going to tell what it is with you, i.e. I shall inform against you, bring an action against you. rgyu- cd col. that which belongs to a thing, an appurtenance, necessary implement etc. rgyu-ba Ill r ryyud rgyu- b>'ds cause and effect or consequence, gen. in a moral sense: actions and their frmis(lds-kyirgyu- b/'ds~); also the doctrine treating on this subject, the doctrine of re- tribution, the principal dogma of Buddhism, prop.: las-rgyu- brds-kyicos; las-rgyu- bi-ds- la yid-ccs-pa to believe in the doctrine of retribution Glr. rgyu - mfsdn (Ssk. f'Tf^TT) 1- cause, rgyu- mfsdn O dri-ba to ask after the cause Glr.; rgyu-mfsdn lo- rgyus O dri-ba to question closely, to examine rigorously Mil. ; the connection of events, the manner in which a thing has come to pass, nai ndn-nas pye Kyer-bai rgyu- mfscin sod tell me how it was that you could fetch the flour from my house, how you were able to accomplish it Mil. nt. 2. token, sign, characteristic, proof, evidence, O dug-pai rgyu-mfsdn as an evidence of being . . . Glr. II. instead of rgyu-ma. zS*q* rgyu-ba, to go, walk, move, wander, ^ range, of men, animals, and fig. of lifeless things, cu-la rgyu-bai O dab-cdgs birds frequenting the water-, kun-tu rgyu- ba to wander from one place to another, hence: kun-tu-rgyu itinerant monk, n. of a sect of the Brahraans Dzl.; rlun rgyu- bai rtsa those veins in which air is cir- culating, cf. rtsa and rlun; also c. accus.: yul, or gron rgyu-ba to rove through coun- tries, through villages; rgyu-srdn, btsdn- gyi rgyu-srdn the road that is frequented by the btsan (a kind of demons). rgyu- skdr v. below. i^rar rgyu-ma 1. entrails, intestines, bowels, ^ esp. the small intestines, opp. to lon- ka the large intestines; rgyu Kril-ba con- volvulus intestinorum Sch. (?) ; rgyu Jcrog- pa the croaking of the bowels Sch.; rgyu- sgrog the caul, covering the lower intestines ; rgyu-stod the upper bowels, rgyu-smdd the lower bowels Cs. ; rgyu-ndd disease of the bowels ; rgyu-yzer colic. 2. sausage, *gyu-ma gydn-wa* C. (v. sgyoii-ba), *kdt't- ce* W. to stuff sausages; *gyu-ma kar- gydh* meat-sausage, meat-pudding, *gyu- ma nag-gydu* black-pudding 6'. b" the lunar mansions, Ssk. T^^, orthose 'constellations' through which the moon 'passes' in her revolution round the heavens; ace. to Wdk. and others they are the following: fa-skar (ahodbyug- gu) three stars in the Ram's head; 9 bra- nye (conceived by the Brahmans to be the image of the yoni) ; 3 smin-drug, the Pleiades; ^be-rdzi, snar-ma; & myo, HIIUI!- po; V lag; ^Snabs-so, rgyal-stod, nam-so; V rgyal-smad; Lskag, wa; femcu, rta-pa, rta-cen (with Regulus its brightest star); 9 gre, rtau, rta-Zun; 99 dbo, Ura; 9% me- bzi, bya-ma; 9% nag-pa, byau (with Spica); 9& sa-i'i; 9\" sa-ga; 9^> lha-mfsams, lag- sor; 9V snron, Ideu (with Antares); 9^, snrubs, sog-pa: ?Q cu-stod; ^ cu-smad, pul; %9 gro - bzin and byi- bzin (considered as one constellation); ^mon-gre^ mon-dre; 3% mon-gru, sgrog ; %&' Krums-s tod ; % V Krums- smad; ^\S natn-gru, se-sa. r 9yJ-P a > p f - byyuQ 8 * fut - %^/ 1. to run, frq.; to make haste, to hurry, to rush, sgor to the door (out of the room) Dzl. . . . kyi fog-tu upon . . . Dzl. ; *hd-la gyug* be off! get you gone! C. 1. to Start (of a rail-way train) W.; rta-rgyug- pa to ride full speed, to gallop; also sbst. race Glr. 2. to go, to pass, to circulate, to be current; to be valid, to have force. ffimsj* r yy uc / s Lex. ; Sch. : limit, term, aim, 3 ' end;V.: task, lesson. rgyugs-pa pride, ambition Sch.; grief, sorrow Schr. (?). rgyun-ba the nerves, sinews Sch. ; cf. brgyuns-pa. gj-' rgyud 1. SsL 7f^, H^ string, cord, ^ ' but only in certain relations : the string of a bow; rgya-rgyud Chinese string Mil.; string, chord, of a musical instrument, rgyud-mdns harp; chain, v. lu-gu; mostly fig. : ri-rgyud,gans-rgyudcha,in of mountains, ridge of snowy hills; also thread of tra- dition, i.e. continuous, uninterrupted tra- dition, so in: Ka -rgyud, dgons-rgyud, cos- rgyud, bka-rgyiid (v. bka, compounds); snyan-rgyud=bka-rgyud, frq. ir\.J\/</.',)'t<t>//- rgyud Zam. legendary tradition. If used 112 for expressing a succession of generations or families, the word is gen. written brgyud, rarely ryyud, e.g. rjc-btsun slob-ryyud d<tii bcas-tc his reverence (the venerable divine) with his race of scholars, in as much as the disciples of a saint are frequently called his spiritual children Mil. 2. treatise, dissertation, Ssk. cf^, also ryud-sde, esp. the necromantic books of the mysticism of later times Was. (184), in four classes, the so-called four classes of Tantras (yyyud- sde bzi): byd-bai ryyud, spydd-pai ryyud, rnal- byor ryyud, rnal-Jbyor bla-na-med- pai ryyud; yet ryyud bzi is also the short title of a medical work consisting of four parts : rtsd-bai ryyud, bsdd-pai ryyud, man- nay ryyud, pyi-mai ryyud. 3. connection, relation, reference, e.g. of a word.(?) - 4. character, disposition of mind, natural quality; heart, soul; ryyud bzdn-po a good disposition, ryyud ndn-pa a bad disposition; ryyud zi-ba a mild disposition, good nature, ryyud jam-pa a soft temperament Cs.; ryyud ma -runs -pa a wicked character Thyy.-, sem-yya C., tf-gyu C., Mil, prob. also riy-i'yyud Mil., character; ran-ryyud nan-pat ^dn-po ful restrain the demon of your own wicked heart Mil. : of thoughts, feelings, passions, also of a tin-iie-dzin is said : ryyud-la skye they arise in the soul ; ryyud smin the mind ripens Mil.; in some phrases and passages it designates a man's whole personality: rdii-yi ryud foa-tu Un- pa to take (other people's) sufferings al- together upon one's own person (not merely to heart) Glr. ; ran-ryyud-la brtdy-pa, yzan- ryyud-la sbydr-ba to think a matter through in one's own mind, to draw conclusions from an attentive observation of others, Thyy. Concerning raii-ryyud, and fzan- ryyud (^cfnir & q^<Tn^) in tfl e more recent philosophical writings, and in medical works, v. Was. ryyud-cdys Tar. 15, 14, ace. to Schf. sentence, thesis, point. don-rgyud, syrub-ryyud Mil. ? *r ! i'yyud-pa I. vb ., pf . bryyus an d bryyud, ^ ' fut. bryyu, imp. ryyud, 1. to fasten or file on a string, to string, td-yu-la bryyus- rgyun pa strung, filed on a string Sty. ; yser-nyay- fay yyu bryyus-pa a gold chain with tur- quoises inserted Mil. 2. to pass through or over, to traverse (later literature and col.) mu-ye ryyiid-nas ^on famine passes over, prevails in the country Ma. ; *ndn- na nan yyud-de dul' f W. he passes from one room to the other, he visits room after room; *nyuh-ti-ne yyud-na gar-la ton* W. he is passing through Kullu to Gar; lay- O yrlm-yyis bryyus -pas v. ^yrim; yig-nw brriyud-pa an error in writing has crept in Tar.; ston-pa ysum ras-cun-pa bryyud- nas zer the three teachers, using Ras-cuii- pa as a go-between, said . . . , = they sent word by Ras-cuii-pa to this effect Mil. II. sbst. and adj. 1. prop, a participle used a. actively; ryyiid-pa (or bryyud-pa) one that is transmitting knowledge, a teacher; ryyiid-pa bzdii-poi byin-rlabs-can one that enjoys the blessing of having an excellent spiritual teacher Mil. ; nai ryyud- pa rdo-r)e- can-cen yin Mil. (in this in- stance it would be justifiable to write bryyiid- pa, and, regarding this as a derivative of brgyud, to translate it with 'ancestor'). b. used passively: )'do-r)e- Q cdn-nas nyams- rtoys ryyiid-pa de na-ro lays he to whom knowledge was communicated by Dor-ye- ((i/i is Ndi'o Mil.; na-ro cen-poi ryyud-pa a scholar of great Naro Mil. 2. a derivative of ryyud 2., a Tantrika, a mystic. ryyud-ris a term used in architec- ture, wall, panel (?). z5K'jt rgyud-Un bolt, door-bar Sck. ^ CTiT r( jy un -> S^'- ^Ttd^ a continual flowing, ^ the flow, current or stream (seldom river; perh. smiy-ryyui ryyun Lex. a river seen by a mirage or fata morgana (?); ydn-yai ryyun the river Ganges); cu- ryyun -yyis O kyi>r-ba to be carried away by the current; ryyun-du zuys-pa v. O brds-bu bzi\ frq. fig. fiiys-rjei ryyun stream of grace Glr., and sim. in some compounds; often in reference to time, hence ryyun-du continually, per- petually, always, dus-rgyun-du id.; *dh>l- yyun ta-bhu jhe siy* C. make it as usual! 113 rgyus siidr-gyi rgyun all the time before, opp. to da-ltar now; also for ordinarily, predo- minantly, e.g. ordinarily it is white, only by way of exception it is of another colour; Ka-rgyun ka-rgyiid tradition ; rgyun-gos an every day coat, opp. to yzdb-gos ; rgyun- O gdg, and more frq. rgyun- cad an inter- ruption of flowing, of progress, hence rqyun- cad-med-par, or rgyun-mi-cdd-par uninter- ruptedly; rgyun-zds daily food; rgyun-rin-ba lasting, of long continuance; rgyun-ldm an endless, interminable way, to be pur- sued again and again, e.g. O fcor-bai of trans- migration, byan-cub-kyi of virtue, holiness Mil *$!' r M us * v - r 9y u - 2. (6s. rgyus- ^ ma) notice, intelligence, knowledge, nd- la de-i gyus yod I am acquainted with it, I know the thing, I am up to it, frq.; W.: *gyus ydd-Kan* one that knows about it; *gyus yod-pai lam* a well-known road ; ea- rned yul-du rgyus-med Jtyam as a stranger 1 am rambling through a foreign country Glr.; lo-rgyus 1. annals, chronicle, 2. in a general sense history, story, tale, narrative, lo-rgyus bsdd-pa to relate a story Glr., *nd- la lo-gyus sdd-ce mdn-po yod* W. I have much to relate, to tell; lo-rgyus zib-tu O dri- ba to ask closely, to inquire minutely into a story Mil; gon-gi lo-rgyus bsdd-do he reported what was related above Pth. ; also used of any short notice or intelligence, without reference to things past: der O byon- pai lo-rgyus ysuns he mentioned that he was going there Mil *^r*n' ryyus-pa the fine threads or fibres ^ of which animal muscle, plants etc. are composed ; rgyiis-pa-can fibrous; rgyus- skud catgut. -ba, P f - brgyos, fut. brgyo, imp. to unite in sexual embrace. This word is an undisguised, and therefore somewhat obscene expression, which in books and in col. language is avoided, though referring to an act not criminal in itself, as 6s. seems to have understood it, when he translates rgyo-ba by: to abuse, constuprate, ravish; hence it is allowable, *ffan yet vulgar, to say: *'d-pa dan 'd-ma gyo- it'a jhe'* C. rgyon-ba, pf. brgyans, fut. brgyan, seems to be a secondary form of rkyon-ba, to extend, stretch, spread (vb. a.); the word is to be found in Lexx., but seems to be little used; brgydns-pai md-fsa Pth. a disease consisting in some parts of the body being morbidly distended (?). rgyob-pa Cs., a secondary form of rgydb-pa, prob. but a provincialism, at- Iga, also sga, *f^n; ginger (fresh or ^ dried); Iga-rlon fresh ginger. ajr'r* tyah-ne Pth.: skya-lgan-ne, is stated to mean: perfectly white. wr-rr Igan-pa, Igan-pug urinary bladder Med. ^' Igdn-bu, = c/dn-bu, husk, pod, shell. g|* lyo Cs. = pa-ba-dgo-dgo puff-ball. f2J3^'(j* Igydm-fswa = rgydm-fsa Zam. } a 3 kind of rock-salt. y,- s#a 1. gen. Icd-sga, bca-sga, ginger, = " Iga; sga-skyd Lt. id. (?); sgd-pi-po Lt. prob. for s^a dan pi-pi-lin dan po-ba-ri ginger and two kinds of black pepper; sga- spyod Sch. = sga-skyd. 2. saddle, rta- sga (Ld. *stdsga*~) horse-saddle; sga bstdd- pa, resp. cibs-sga bstdd-pa Glr., to lay the saddle on, to saddle; sga-Kebs saddle-cloth, Sch.: the leather cover or coating of a saddle; sga-glo saddle-girth W., 6'.; sga- Idg Cs. : frame of the saddle ; saddle-bow, saddle-tree; sga-sd straps for fastening the travelling - baggage to the saddle, cf. sa- stdg 2. " sga-yoh bat, flitter-mouse Sch. ,-. sgan 1. a projecting hill or spur, on the side of a larger mountain; sgan- yson elevations and depressions on a hill- side, in Kun. sgan-Kul; sgdii-Ka-la yod (the village) is situated on a mountain- spur; *sgan gydb-na* W. when you have passed round the extremity of the hill. 2. cu- 8 114 sgan f sgo sgdn a blister, caused by vesicatories, by long inarches etc., C., W.; cf. bsgan. sgan-ba, pf. bsgaiis, fut. bsgan, to grow or become full 6's.; bud-med nd-so sgan a marrigeable girl. sgab-pa, secondary form of O gebs- pa } byd-mas bu-la syab-pa the cov- ering of a young bird by its mother Glr.; gos-sgdb Lex., skirt or lap of a coat, sgab- fun a short skirt. S 9 am chest, box, trunk; sgam-cun a little chest or box; sgam-bu id. ; sgam- sgo-mdns a chest of drawers, cabinet C.; sin-sgam a wooden chest, Icdgs-sgam an iron chest; ko-sgam a leather trunk; ro- sy am, resp. spur-sgam coffin Cs. syn. sgrom. sgdm-pa, or sgdm-po Cs. deep, pro- found, /S<?A. also prudent, quiet; Z/a?. blo-sgam w.e. Only the following phrase came under my notice: fugs sin-tu sgdm- mo he (the prince) is very clever (as a legendary explanation and confirmation of the name sron-btsan-sgdm-po). Prob. ob- solete. gtt" 8 9 ar cam P> encampment, dmag-sgdr a military camp, sgar O debs-pa to pitch a camp; sgar-min C. watch- word, parole, S 9 a l ' oa d f a beast of burden, rta- sgal a horse-load, sin-rtai sgal a cart- load, waggon-load 6s. ; sgal ^gel-ba to put on a load, O pdn-ba to throw it off, Jbogs- pa to take it off, sgal bsrdn-ba to adjust or balance it; sgdl-rta pack-horse, sgdl- beast of burden. O dabs the lumbar region Med. 2 the croup, crupper, back of a horse Glr.-, *gdl-pa fon dug* W. the back comes out, i.e. has become sore or galled; sgal-fsigs- Med., sgal-rus col. backbone, spine; sgal- rmd a sore on a animal's back caused by the load. S 9 u ~ st ^9 s Lex. w.e.; Sch. elbow, angle. sgu-rdo a sling Sch. * P f - bsgugs, fut. bsgug, imp. syug(s), to wait, zld-ba ycig sgug- pa to wait for a month Glr. ; to await, to expect, O cl-ba death Mil.', Idm-na sgiig-pa to wait on the road Mil.', sgiig-cin sdod- pa, W. : *gug-te ddd-ce* to sit waiting ; *'i- ru (jiig-te dod* W. wait here! syuy-tu O jug- pa to keep one waiting Glr. ; to lie in wait (for a person), to waylay; jdg-pas sgug-pai sa a place w r here robbers are lying in am- bush Mil.', *Kon gug-te ddd-ce* W. to bear a grudge, to have a spite against a person. sguii Ld. clap, crack, crash, report (of N3 a gun). sgud - po father - in - law , sgud - mo mother-in-law Sch. prov. sgum-mda Schr. butt -end of a gun, gun-Stock C., W.; spelling dubious. S^" sgur v. dgur. vb. a. (cf. O gul-ba\ pf. and fut. bsgul, to move, agitate, put in motion, rgyud kyan ma sgul - to he could not even move the bow-string Dzl.; to pull (e.g. the bell-string). ^jn- sgeu 1. diminutive of sga, ginger, sgeu- S fser Med., Ssk. ^rr^i (Hind, adrak), fresh ginger. 2. B. small door. s 9^9~P a ^ s - : t boast, brag; yet not so much with respect to words as to looks and demeanour, so that it may be applied to the airs of coquettish girls (sgeg-cin mdzes-pa coquettish Mil., Sty.) as well as to the bearing of insolent young- sters and bullies, sgeg-ma n. of a goddess; sgeg-mo Lex. <*TT^T- a dancing girl. IjQ'ftr sgeh-la, or dgen-la (?) on, upon Ts. s$x: sger Sch.: 'different, dissimilar, foreign'. This word I repeatedly met w r ith in books of physical science, without finding the signification given above applicable. %& sgo 1. door, the aperture itself, as well ^ as the wood-work of the door: sgo O byed- pa, W. *pe-ce*, to open the door; * jug- pa* 1. C. to put in a door, to hang a door on hinges 2. W. to close, to shut the door; If 115 ycod-pa 1. to shut, 2. to lock (a door); *gydg-pa, gydb-pa* C., to shut (the door); ytdn-pa Sch.: 'to lock up', prop, to bolt, to bar, v. sgo-ytdn; bkum-pa, bskum-pa Cs.: resp. to shut (a door); sgo bdiin-ba to knock, to rap at the door ; *go srug-ga rag* W. I hear a rattling or rapping at the door. The ground floor of a house into which the door leads, is generally occu- pied by the cattle, hence : sgoi pyugs the cattle near the door, opp, to: pugs kyi nor the money in the inner chamber farthest from the door, cattle and money being thus the two poles or terminating points of household property. rgydl-sgo the prin- cipal door or entrance of a house or cham- ber (in Ld. also: *gydz-go*). sgrig-sgo folding-door Cs. cab -sgo resp. for sgo Cs., cf. fsdn-sgo. rtd-sgo a door which may be passed through on horseback, viz. the door or gate of a court-yard or gar- den, open at the top, or a high castle-gate; in the latter case syn. to rgydl-sgo. ndn- sgo the innermost door, bdr-sgo the middle door, pyi-sgo the outer door Pth. fse- sgo v. 2, Ids-sgo v. 3. sel-sgo glass-door; wing of a window, casement; ysdn-sgo se- cret door; Cs. resp, for sgo (?). 2. the boards that form the pane or square of a door, hence board, plank, v. sgo-rndm-, fse- sgo a Chinese punishment, consisting of a thick board with an opening for the neck of the culprit, and resting on his shoul- ders; sgo yyog-pa to put on the board of punishment. bse-sgo dan Icdgs-sgo bdun sbrags a door constructed of sevenfold lay- ers of leather and iron, used as a butt for shooting at. 3. the aperture of a door, and hence aperture in general: sgo kun- nas from all the apertures (of the body); zdl-gyi sgo resp. mouth Dzl. ; mndl-sgo the opening of the womb (v. miiaT) frq. ; skye- bai sgo id. less frq. Thgy.; dkyil- Kor sgo- bzi-pa a square figure with four openings, about thus : [ ] ; the opening of a semi- circle; entrance, passage, outlet, connecting passage, communication; also fig.: way of mediation, of bringing an agreement about, nan-soii-gi sgo the entrance, the road, to misery viz.: to hell; dbdn-poi sgo the or- gans of sense, also sgo liia alone; sgo-ysum the three media or spheres of moral acti- vity, lus, nag, yid, action, word and thought frq.; bzd-ba dan btuit-bai sgo O prog-pa to cut off the supply (of provisions) Pth.; bdag cos sgw jug -pa zu I beg to allow us to enter religion, to receive us as students or disciples Mil.', offrd- sgo Schr. 1. also bud-go, kydg-go W., ex- pense, expenditure 2. do-go-tar se'-pa C. to relate accurately how a thing came to pass ; Ids-sgo 'door of intercourse, of trade', a commercial place or town, emporium Glr. Hence sgo-nas with the genit. by means of, by, in the way of, according to, but never as connected with a person or joined to an infinitive : fobs du-mai sgd-nas in diffe- rent ways, variously (often coinciding with: by various means) ; lus nag yid-kyi sgd- nas in or by actions, words, and thoughts (e.g. to strive for virtue, cf. above sgo- ysuni) Dzl. ; rndm-pa sna-fsogs-kyi sgo-nas in every possible way Dzl.; dpei sgo-nas (to explain) by way of comparison Thgy. ; mfsan-nyid-kyi sgo-nas (to describe a thing) according to its characteristics Thgy.; rigs- kyi sgo - nas (to divide) according to the species Lt. ; O drd-bai sgo-nas btags-min ste it being a name given to it from its re- semblance to ... Wdn.; ...la prag-dog-gi sgo-nas from envy of ... Mil.; mi-sndn-bai sgo - nas by way of invisibility, by being invisible Wdn. Comp. and deriv. sgo-Kdn the entrance into a house, vestibule, porch, portal. sgo- Kun opening of the door Mil. sgo -Kyi a door -guarding dog, watch -dog. sgo- K&r hinge of a door or gate. sgo-gldgs Zam. = sgo-ytdn (?). sgo-glegs the board or plank of a door Cs. sgo-^rdm the space near the door. sgo- drig (Ld. *sgon- (%*) door-frame, window - frame. sgo- rgydb the space behind the door, within the door Glr. *go-cdg* (Icags) C. lock of a door. *go(g)-tdn* a bar or bolt (a small beam) to secure the door with. 116 sgom sgo-fem threshold, also the head-piece of a door. sgo-bddg sgo-dpon. syo-rndm a single board, e.g. of the floor. sgo- pa, resp. cdbs-sgo-pa door-keeper, porter; sgo-dpon the first, principal door-keeper. *go-pw* W. door-hinge. sgo- pdr board or plank of a door 6s. sgo - bar Ld. chinks between the separate laths of a door (for of such the doors in Tibet frequently consist, owing to the scarcity of wood). sgo -ma 1. pane or square of a door, fold of a folding-door; 2. a masked dancer in religious dramatic entertainments, repre- senting one of the four guardians of the world (v. rgyal-cen). sgo-mo 1. a large door, a gate, castle-gate, town-gate; 2. be- ginning, rtsis-kyi sgo-mo Pth. = rtsis- go C's. ^Chronol. Table) beginning of a new epoch. sgo-mtsdms the small openingleft between door-post and door, when the latter does not perfectly fit. sgo-yig Cs. \. inscrip- tion, 2. lampoon, libel, 3. a magisterial ad- vertisement fastened to a door. sgo-ld n. of a high and difficult mountain -pass between Lhasa and Pah, v. Hue. I. p. 244. sgo-smn door-keeper, porter Dzl. S" sgo, in skye-sgo v. sub sgo-po. igj-r* sgo-nd or sgon-nd and sgon, egg, eggs. spawn, also egg as a measure Lt; sgon-dkns the pellicle, membrane of an egg Sch.', sgon-cu the white of an egg Sch.; sgoii-sun, or kog, the shell of an egg; sgon- ser yolk of an egg Sch. sgo - na pyed a scholastic term, v. Was. (274). " sgo-pur foreskin, prepuce C. vulg. s 9-P-> a l so sgo-bo, (Ld. *go-po*) W. 1 . the body, with respect to its phy- sical nature and appearance, *go-po cen- mo , rin- mo, go -rin, go-zdn* tall, *go-po cun-se* of small stature, short; *rom-po* stout, lusty; *fd-mo* slender, thin; *de- mo* healthy, well ; *go-ydl* a man that has lost his own body by gaming and become the slave of another. 2. = skye-sgo face, countenance, skye-sgo legs a beautiful face, zdn-sgo an ugly face Mil. sgo-lo 1 . body, '2. face, as a flattering word; also directly for a nice or pretty face, *go-lo min dug bag fsogs yod* she has not a pretty face, but looks like a fright W. 2*rn* sgo-ba, pf. bsgo (bsgos in Lexx., prob. obsolete) to say, when used of sup- eriors, hence mostly to bid, to order (cf. the article bka init.), frq. in early litera- ture, in later times more and more dis- appearing, being unknown to the common people. sc/o-tsdm a little Sch. S 9-1 1- v - sgo-po. 2. Ld. also = sgo-nd. - S v<?-P a , (S*k. ^T^T) garlic, leek, (Allium); ri-sgog Med. Allium sphaeroceph. L., or a species allied to it; sgog-skyd Med. Allium nivale Jacqm. (?); sgog-siion Med. perh. A. rubellum, a blue species, very common in the Himalaya. sgog-tin mortar, sgog-ytun pestle, for bruising leek. s ffog-pa 1. 6s.: f pf. bsgags, fut. bsgag, to make one swear, sgog-po one that makes a person swear.' I only met with mna-sgog Lex. w. e. 2. yya sgog-pa v. yya. tor- sgon \. v. sgo-nd. 2. n. of a coun- try, prob. = kon Glr. 3. sgon-fdg- pa n. of a plant Med. ^r*CT' sgon-ba, pf. bsgons, fut. bsgon, imp. sgon (s), 1. to make round, globular 6s.; so it is prob. to be understood in: bu-rdm bsgdr-zin bsgrd/is-nas bsgons Lex., he having boiled down the sugar and allowed it to grow cold, formed it into balls (in this form the sugar is usually kept in Tibet). 2. to hide or conceal a thing Sch., thus in *gon-te bor-ce* W.', cf. also dpd-sgon-ba. sgob-sgob unable, deficient, wanting in strength Sch. ; *ldg-pa gob-sou* Kun. the hands are unable (to move), stiff (from cold). ROT. sgom reflection, meditation, contem- plation, sgom sor-gyi dogs-pa the fear lest contemplation should be prejudiced or rendered impossible Mil.; sgom srun-ba to sustain, to preserve meditation (undis- turbed) Mil. ; sgom-mcd without meditation Thgr. 5jkrT s gom-pa I. vb., pf. bsgoms, fut. bsgom, imp. sgom(s), resp. fw^s syom-pa (Ssk. w, causative ^fT^^f) 1. ori- ginally: to fancy, imagine; meditate, con- template, consider, c. accus. and dat.; to have, to entertain, to produce in one's mind, = skydd-pa, e. g. bzod-pa, snyin-rje, bydms- pa etc. ; rgyun-du nam O ci cd-med sgom always consider that it is uncertain at what time you shall die Mil.; with the accus. and terrain., or with a double accus.; to look upon, to represent to one's self as . . . , O gro-dt'ug-sems-can pa-mar sgom look upon the beings of the six classes as being your parents Mil., viz. with the same respect and affection, or even so, that you imagine your father's or your mother's soul inhabiting just now the ani- mal body of one of those beings; rmi-lam syyu-ma sgom look upon it as being the illusion of a dream Mil. 2. In later times sgom-pa became the usual term for the systematic meditation of the Buddhist saint, so that this word, and the expressions tiu-ne-^dzin-du Jjug-pa, and bsam-ytdn sy rub-pa, which in classical writings de- note the concentration of the mind upon one point or subject, e. g. upon a certain deity, lha, prob. imply one and the same thing. Three degrees of this systematic meditation are to be distinguished, viz. ltd-ba contemplation, syom-pa meditation, properly so called, (which requires j'sal dan mi-rtog md-yyens ysum, i.e. that it be performed in a clear and decided man- ner, without suffering one's self to be disturbed or distracted by any thing), and the third degree spyod-pa, exercise and practice, which three distinctions will be somewhat elucidated by the following: bzd(-bai)-ytad(-so) yod-na bltd-ba min, byin-rgod yod-na sgom-pa min, bldn-dor yod-na spyod-pa min, if one lives plen- teously, there is no contemplation (pos- 117 sible); where there is inattention and a distracted mind, meditation cannot take place; where there is desire or disgust, exercise and practice are not (to be thought of) Mil. 14, 11. Hence contemplation would seem to be more immediately opposed to the rule of sense, meditation to the rule of imagination, practice to the rule of passion; v. also Was. (.137), Kopp. I, 585. Sometimes contemplation and meditation are also opposed to fos-pa, and bsdm-pa, hearing and knowing, as to mere acts of memory and intellect. sgom(-pd)-po Cs., sgom-byed, sgom-mtfan Mil. one that me- ditates, an ascetic; sgom-ma fern. Mil. sgom-cen l . a great meditator (so Mil. often calls himself). 2. a kind ot field-mouse, La- gomys badius Hook. II, 156. sgom-fug 'meditating-cord', a cord or rope slung by the laxer sects round their bodies, in order to facilitate the effort of maintaining an erect and immoveable posture during me- ditation, which expedient of course is scorn- ed by the more rigid devotees. II. sbst. 1. meditation. 2. (.'.: 'the state of being accustomed to' (prob. erron. for yoms-pd). f^l'Qgcrj' syom-Jbrog (?) holly, Ilex. Sik. ^r' sgor a spindle in turning-lathes? v. the next word. Ijji'n' sgor-ba 1. pf. and fut. bsgar, to boil down, to condense by boiling, e. g. bu-rdm sugar. 2. to turn on a lathe, W. *gor-la fen-ce*. gf-rtf. sgor-mo (perh. also skor-mo) 1. round, e. g. of leaves, Wdit. and elsewh. 2. a circle. 3. a disk, a globe; hence a rupee W.; a semi-globular bowl or vessel W., sgor-fig circular line, circumference, circle; sgor-fig pye-ba Cs., pyed-ka Schr. semicircle. ^r s y s , i n compounds and as adverb: private, separate, distinct; privately etc., opp. to spyi, e. g. spyi-yduys a parasol for several persons, awning, shelter, sgos-yduys a parasol for one person Glr. ; sgfo+kal share of a single person, individual lot 118 Mil.; sgos-su, or sgos adv., (opp. to spyir} particularly, especially; sgos-(kyi), dpon a subaltern officer Cs.; sgos -pa Sch.: 'to choose, to find the right thing'. 8 9 yiu -> WM-gu ba 9> P urse ; syyig-gu cdd-poi dbdn-du son-nas our purse being at low ebb; dnul- sgyig money-bag, purse. ^q- sgyin-ba, pf. bsgyins, fut bsgyin, 1. ace. to Lftivr. = $s. sjijf syn. to gldl-ba, to yawn, gape, and perh. to stretch one's self after having slept; it is almost exclusively used in describing the attitude of a dying lion, and so also the dying attitude of Buddha. 2. perh. also = O gyin-ba. s yy*d(-pa) 1. the hollow of the knee, bend of the knee; knee- joint; sgy id-pa f cod-pa to lame the knee- joint, to hamstring (a horse) Glr. 2. the calf (of the leg) Mil.; sgyid skyur-ba acute pain in the knee and leg e.g. of a woman with child Med.; Cs.: 'to despair'? sgyid-Kun the hollow of the knee Med. sgyid-Kyol one lame in his legs Cs. sgyid-lug-pa Lex. w. e., Cs.: slothful, idle, lazy; sgyid-lhod Sch. id. r-q- sgyid-bu, also sgyed-bu, a hearth, ' ^ f ire-place, consisting of (three) stones on which the kettle is placed; Icags-sgyid iron trevet, tripod, cf. sgyed-po. fsgyu artifice, imposture Dzl and elsewh., yyo-sgyu id.; yyo-sgyu-med-na if he is without guile Dzl.; sgyu-can artful, crafty, cunning, Cs. sgyu- prul-ma, ^TOT, the name of Buddha's mother. sgyu-ma, ^TT^fT, illusion, false show, deception of sight, opp. to dnos reality; sgyu-ma sprul-ba to exhibit a false show Cs.; nas sndn-ba tams- cdd sgyu-mar ses I know that every thing visible, the whole external world, is only an illusion Mil.; sgyu-mai nor apparent riches, hence riches in general Mil. (cf. sgyu-liis)\ sgyu-ma-mKan a juggler Mil.; sgyu -ma- mlcan - gyi m can - bu y sgyu - mai mcdn-bu a juggler's apprentice Lexx. sgyu-rtsdl art, skill, dexterity, frq., the In- dians, and so also the Tibetans counting sgyiir-ba 64 arts (or 60 in a round number) Tar. 21, 2. sgyu-zog deception, hypocrisy Pth. sgyu-lus I. the immaterial, subtile and pure body of the soul in the Bardo, hell etc., hence yid-kyi lus Thgr. 2. the animal and human body in general, in as much as it is only an apparent body, a phan- tom, when considered from a higher phi- losophical point of view Mil. r^ sgyug-mo mother-in-law Stg.; mna- sgyug both daughter-in-law and mother-in-law. rn' sgyur-ba, pf. and fut. bsgyur, (vb. a. to O gyur-ba} 1. to transform, lus Q dod- dgur to transform one's body (i. e. one's self) at pleasure, (Dzl. ?\S lus is to be supplied, or gyur-te to be read); to trans- form the royal prerogative into a religious one, v. Krims. 2. to change (colour, one's mind), to alter (something written), hence to correct, to revise. 3. to give up, leave off (customs, scruples, doubts, timidity) Glr., pyi-rol-pai cos-lugs the non-Buddhist religion. 4. to turn off or aside (the course of a river) ; to dissuade, divert, las, from Dzl. 5. to turn, *jiit pa gyur-ee* W. to turn round on one's heel; *)in-pa gyur-te ltd-ce* W. to look back; K6r-lo sgyiir-ba to turn a wheel = skor-ba ; skad sgyur-ba to vary, to modulate the voice, also to hum a tune, to sing or whistle, as birds do. 6. to govern, rtai Ua srdb- kyis, a horse's mouth by the bridle; also fig. *gydl-po Ka lon-gyl gyur, tiyii fca cun- me gyur* C. the king is governed by his minister, the husband by his wife; O dod- cdgs nan-pas Ka-sgyur he is governed by evil passions Mil.; Ud-lo sgyur-ba to go- vern, prop, and fig., v. Kd-lo; sih-rta sgyur- ba to drive a carriage; in a similar sense dban sgyur-ba c. la, to have command or control of, to command , dominate, frq. ; prob. also to possess Mil. 7. to trans- late, sgra sgyur-ba id. 8. to multiply Wdk. (cf. ^gyur-ba 4, and log -pa); bsgyur-bya the multiplicand Wdk. 9. Lad., Pur. to kill, to slaughter. 10. to publish, pro- claim, announce *ka-sdl gyur-ce* W. to pub- tf 119 sgra-fcdn lish an order; *lon gyur* W. announce me! send in my name! rrf cr|^' W~ s 5^ r crooked Sch., better <%,-. +* N5 tj^ sgye-bo is said to denote in 6'. one of the lower classes of officials or noblemen. *9ye-mo 1. sbst. a bag (not of leather) ; ras-sgye a bag of cotton stuff Pth. > diminutive. 2. adj. quiet, gentle (of horses) Sp. sgyed-po a stone for a fire-place, hearth-stone, three of which are so placed together, that a fire may be kindled between them and a kettle put on ; sgyid- bu a fire-place constructed in this manner. sgyel-ba, pf. and fut. bsgyel, vb. a. to <gyelrba, to throw down, to over- throw, overturn, gan-kydb on the back Lea;. ; to lay or put down (a bottle, a book); to thwart (the charm of an enemy); to kill (horses); *mi se\ ta gyel* manslaughter and the killing of horses, C. sgyogs 1 . a warlike engine to shoot darts or fling stones with, catapult, ballista, sgyogs-kyi O prul- fcor Thgr. id ; sgyogs-rdo a stone flung from such a machine Sch.-, in later times: 2. mortar, cannon, gun, in Tibet even at the present day without wheels, <xA.*ghyog*. -- 3. a surgeon's instrument for setting broken limbs 6s. sgydn-ba, pf. bsygans, fut. bsgyan, perh. originally = sgoh-ba to hide, but actually used 1 . in C. : *gyu-ma gydn- wa* to fill, to Stuff (a sausage) 2. col. in W.: *gydn-ce* to put into (the pocket, a box, a coffin) ; *gydn-du bor-ce* to keep, lock, or shut up (things) ; *ugs gydn-ce* to hold one's breath; gla pyir sgyon-ba to retain the wages due to another person Sch. The form rgyans often occurs \nMil., in passages where 'to retain, lock up, put into' or a similar term would suit very well. Other passages cannot yet be sufficiently ac- counted for, and upon the whole the roots gyan and kyan (rgyan etc.) require to be more closely investigated. sgra, W. also *ra*, 1. a sound, noise; ^ voice; hd-sgra the sound h Glr.; sgrd- bcas J.'ru noisy evacuations take place Lt.\ ^on-pa-dag sgrd-mams fos the deaf hear sounds; sgra sgrog-pa to produce sounds, noises Mil.\ sgra dag ysal ysum (read) loud, correctly, and distinctly, those three (a precept for reading or reciting); *nyid-ra tdn-ce* W. to snore; *sog-ra* the noise made by a flight of birds passing; min- sgra a mere word, name, or sound Was., as a philosophical term. 2. word, syllable, bddg-sgra 6s., bddg-poi sgra Gram., the name given in grammar to the so-called article pa., e.g. in rtd-pa horseman, rider; dydg-sgra prohibitive or negative particle. 3. language, science of languages, philo- logy. Comp. sgra - skdd (= sgra 1 .) sound, voice, sgra-skdd snydn-pa frq. sgrd-can sounding, sonorous. sgra-ce far-famed, renowned Mil., sgra cer gragspa Stg. id. sgra-snydn \ . a well-sounding, agreeable voice, 2. C. a guitar. sgra-brnydn echo Mil. sgrd-ldar sounding, sonorous. syra-dbydns l. pleasing tone, harmony, euphony, e.g. glu dan rol - moi Tar. 2. n. of a goddess 6s. sgra - sbyor Zam. , Tar. , Schf. , a coalition or connection of letters. sgra- mi-snydn (a disagreeable voice) n. of a larger and two smaller northern continents of the fabulous geography of ancient India. sgra - fsdd (sgra dan fsad - ma) Tar., Schf.: grammar and logic; yet yi-gei sgra- fsdd, sgra-fsad-yi-ge Glr. seem to denote philology. j*ra]3<3:* sgra-ycdn, Ssk. ^j? Rahu, 1. a ^ demon or monster of Indian my- thology, esp. known by his being at enmity with the Sun and Moon, on whom he is continually wreaking his vengeance, oc- casionally swallowing them for a time and thereby causing their eclipses. The Buddhist representation of the Riihu- legend is given by Schl. p. 114. 2. Cs.: the ascending node of the moon, determining the time of the obscurations. sgra-fcdn- 120 sgrdn-ba dzin, ^|^Vjf Rdhula 1. 'seized by Rahu' (Fouc. Gyatch. II, LVII), obscured, eclipse of the sun or moon, 2. 'catcher of Rahu,' ace. to the Tibetan legend an epithet given to the deity pyag-rdor, ace. to Indian my- thology, to Yishnu, who in Tibetan is called Kyab- jug (also Jhjab- Q jug-ysod C's.); some- times, however, he is identified with Rahu himself, for the names yza-sgra-ycan, yza- sgra-fcan-dzin, yza-Kyab-jug, yza-rd-hu- la, and even yza-du-ba-^ug-nit (comet!) are used promiscuously. 3. a son and disciple of Shakyamuni, who received this name on account of an eclipse of the moon taking place at his birth, v. Fouc. Gyatch. II, 389. zwr*n* sgrdn-ba, Cs. : pf. bsy raits, fut. bsgraii, imp. sgron, 1. to enumerate, to reckon up separately. 2. to upbraid, to reproach. sgrdl-ba to cut into small pieces, viz. the picture of an enemy whom one wishes to destroy. sgrig-pa, pf. bsgrigs, fut. bsgrig, imp. sgi*ig(s), W. *rig-ce*, to lay or put in order, to arrange, adjust, pan-Ub boards or planks, so-pug bricks or tiles Glr., kar- yol plates and dishes, = to lay the cloth; ydan stuffed seats or chairs DzL; to put or fit together, to join the separate parts of an animal body Glr.; to put close to- gether, side by side, hence W.: *zin de nyis rig-te yod* these two fields are ad- jacent, *fa dan rig-te yin* it is situated close to the border; to compile, to write books Glr. *rig-mo* W. tight, close, e.g a joint, commissure, seam. sgrin-po, Zam.: = mJcds-<pa, prudent, Skilful, clever, bio sgrin-pa a pene- trating mind Sch. s^n'^j* syrib-pa 1. vb. pf. bsgribs, fut. bsgrib, imp. sgrib(s), W. *rib-ce*, to deprive of light, to darken, to obscure, W. *rib ma rib* get out of my light! nyi-mai ^od-zer bsgribs-nas the light of the sun being ob- scured, by clouds Glr , by a curtain Zam. 2. sbst. the state of being darkened, obscuration, gen. fig., mental darkness, sin, also sg-rib; sems-can fams-cdd-lfyi sgrib-pa sel-ba frq., hence sgrib-pa-rnam-sel n. of a Boddhisatva; sgrib-pa In a DzL, the five obscurations caused by sin , prob. = TI3fqraTO Bum. II, 360. 3. adj darkened, obscured, dark; sinner, bdag-rdn syrib-pa ce-am am I so great a sinner? Pth. *dib-ma* C., *rib-ma* W. shelter, fence, e.g. at the side of a field against the wind. sgn'm-pa, pf. bsgrims, fut. bsyrim, imp. sgrim(s), C's.: 'to hold fast, to force or twist together; to endeavour'; Sch. also: -to squeeze in, cram in; to be over- hasty, confused'. Only the following phrases came to my notice: *ku*-pa dim-pa* C. to twist or twine a thread; * rig-pa dim* C. take care! (collect your thoughts!); * dim- tog - can* Sp. inquisitive, curious. Some passages in B., e.g. blo-bsyrims (explained by blo- dds Zam.} are as yet dubious as to their sense. fyOJ'n" sgril-ba, pf. and fut. bsgril, W. *(s)ril-ce*, (cf. O yril-ba 1. and Jcril-ba), 1. to wind or wrap round e.g. a bit of cloth round one's finger; to roll, wrap, or wind up; ril-bur to roll or form into a pill Med.; to make fast or tight, Ihod- pa what is loose; pyogs ycig-tu sgril-ba to gather into a heap, to heap or pile up, to sweep together; hence synl-bas (also dril- bas Glr.) to sum up all, taking all together, in short Lt.; mjug-ma syril-ba to wag the tail, mi-la at a person (of dogs) Mil. ; to roll, e.g. a large stone to some place. - 2. to multiply Wdk., frq. ; bsgril-ma a doubled and twisted thread or cord Sch.; sarll-sin a wooden roll, round which paper etc. is wound; the rolling-pin of bakers. sg-ril- sog, W. *sog-ril*, rolled paper Cs. sgrug-pa, pf. bsgruys, fut. bsyrug, imp. sgrug(s), W. *rug-ce(s)*> to collect, gather, pluck, pick up e.g. wood, flowers, vermin etc. r/^ty sgrun(s), Ld. *smns*, C. *dum*, fable, legend, tale (to the unculti- vated mind of the Tibetan, destitute of any physical and historical knowledge of the countries and people beyond the boun- daries of his native soil, the difference sgriih-ba between truth and fable is but vague and unsettled); sgrun O cdd-pa to relate fables, stories etc.; snon-rdbs sgrun Zam., siion- gyi sgmn-rgyud Glr., sgrun- ftdm tales of ancient times, of the days of yore; sgrun- mKan Cs., sgrun -pa Sch. the inventor or writer of fables and tales, also a narrator of tales. ayr*n* sgn'r/t-ba., pf. bsgruns, fut. bsgrun, 1. to mix. 2. to invent, to feign 6s. grr-rr sgrun-pa, pf. and fut. bsgrun 1. to compare c. la and dan Dzl. 2. to emulate, vie, contend with 6s. mn-ri* syi'ub-pal.vb.pf. bsgrubs, fui.bsgrub, ^J imp. sgrub(s) (cf. Q grub-pa Ssk. ^T\j) 1. to complete, finish, perform, carry out, an order, a wish, hence usually with bzin-du Dzl ; to make, achieve, manufacture, obtain, attain, dnul-rdo-la dnul bsgrub-tu btub-pa Itar sems-can-la Sans-rgyds bsgrul- tu btub-pa yin-no in like manner as silver is obtained from silver-ore, Buddha may proceed from beings Thgy.; don sgrub-pa to attain to one's aim, to obtain a blessing, a boon; fse O dii don sgrub-pa to care for the wants of this life; to procure, rgydgs- pyc flour, as provision for a journey Mil. ; nor sgrub-pa to gain riches ; to furnish with, to supply, one's self or others Mil. 2. lha- sgrub-pa implies, in accordance to Brahmanic- Buddhistic theology, not so much the making a deity propitious to man (6s.), as rendering a god subject to human power, forcing him to perform the will of man. This coercion of a god seems to be effected in a twofold manner. The practise of the common people is to perform a vast amount of prayers and conjurations, spe- cially intended for the god that is to be made subject. Another method is adopted by saints, who are advanced in every kind of religious knowledge. They continue their sgom-pa, or profound meditation, for months and years, until the deity, finally overcome, stands before them visible and tangible, nay, until they have been per- sonally united with and, as it were, in- corporated into the invoked and subjected god. Whilst the conatus, the labouring in this arduous undertaking, is often called sgrub-pa, the arriving at the proposed end is designated by O grub-pa, e.g. rgydl-pos rta-mgrin sgrub-pa mdzdd-pas O grub-nas rta-sfcdd btdn-pas etc., the king began to coerce Tadin (Ilayagrlwa), and when the latter was made obsequious, so as to ap- pear, a neighing was heard etc. Glr.; sgom- sgrub byed-pa for sgom-pa dan sgrub-pa byed-pa Mil. bsgrub-kdh, sgrub-ynds, sgmb -pug the house , the place , the cavern, where a saint applies himself to sgrub-pa ; sgrub-pa-po one effectuating the coercion described above, Sambh. frq. sgrub-rtdgs tokens, proofs of perfection, of an accomplished saint. sgrub-fdbs the method of effecting the coercion, of obli- ging a god to make his appearance; sgrub- byed 1. he that accomplishes the coercion (cf. Schl. p. 247). 2. a kind of bile Med. sgrub-fsen the Bon-doctrine Mil. II. sbst. 1. one that contemplates and meditates, like syom-cen Mil. 2. n. of a sect of Lamas, with whom marriage is permitted. jji.-. sgre-ba I. 6s. adj. naked, gen. sgren- ^J mo. II. vb. pf. bsc/res, fut. bsgre (cf. O gre-ba) \. to roll Glr., Pth. 2. to multiply Wdk. - 3. to repeat 6s. 4. to put or place in order, to put together, to compare, e.g. records Tar. 174, 14 Schf. sgre-zlog a sea-washed beach Sch. sgreg-pa 1. vb. pf. sgregs, to belch. - 2. sbst. belch, eructation, sgreg- pa O don-pa, O byin-pq Med. *rul-ddg* C. a belch of a fetid smell. sgren-ba, pf. bsgrens, fut. bsgreii, imp. sgren(s), cf. ^ren-ba, 1 . to raise, e- rect, lift up, hold up, plant up, e.g. a fin- ger, a beam etc. 2. to stretch out a limb and hold it stiff C. sgrcn-mo naked, sgren-moi' Jbi/uit-ba to appear in a naked state, to show one's self naked Dzl.', Bhar. 59. Schf. 'or- bus', orphaned (cog. to bkrenf). 8* 122 r sgro sgrol-ba rsgro 1. a large feather, esp. quill-fea- ther, used for an ornament of arrows, as a charm etc. ; sgro-mdoiis peacock's fea- ther, as a badge of dignity. 2. to elevate, exalt, increase; Cs.: to exaggerate. Was. however has p. (305) : 'Vorurtheil (An- erkennung des Nichtwahren) , Gegensatz: skur- Q debs Lasterung (Leugnung des Wah- ren)', and p. (297): i sgro-skur Verneinen und Lasterung'. Cs. renders sgro-skiir by 'exaggerated praise and blame'; sgra-skiir O debs-ba occurs also in Mil. The phrase sgro- dogs fcod-pa might therefore be ren- dered: to put an end to overrating and to prejudice ; this meaning, however, does not suit in every instance, and ace. to expres- sions heard from people in C., sgro- dogs f cod-pa would signify : to turn to account, to work one's way up, to contest for a prize. Finally ought to be mentioned that ace. to Schr. sgro- dogs spyod-pa (sic) de- notes 'logic'. A connection between these heterogeneous significations is not discer- nible, but a clew may perhaps be found hereafter. 3. sack, bag (?), fdl-sgro Glr. was explained by: a sack full of ashes. sgro-ga C. the little bubbles in spark- ling beverages, * edit -la do-ga dug* the beer sparkles. Irf ^]* S 9 ro ~9 u > v> S 9''9-9 U su b S 9 r 9- rq. sgro-ba I. sbst. 1. Wdn., ace. to Sch. the bark of a species of willow, but prob. the same as gro-ga. 2. C. the penis. II. vb., pf. bsgros, fut. bsgro, imp. sgro- L<',*\r. w.e., Cs.: to debate, discuss, so that it would be only another form of bgro-ba; but in C. *(lo-se' )he'-pa* is said to mean : to talk at random, to chatter away thought- lessly. S 9 r g(*) cor d> rope, for tying, fet- tering; fetters Mil. and C; Icags- N///VW/ iron fetters, chain; Uags- sgrog lag- pa sbrel-nas the hands tied or chained to- gether ; Icags - sgrog - pa a convict put in irons ; sin - sgrog fetters made of twisted twigs 6s.; lham-sgrog shoe-strap, lace, lat- chet. sgrog - gu, sgro - gu, W. *rog-bu*, string, strap, for binding, fastening, strap- ping; Sch. also button; sgrog-ril Sch. but- ton, syrog-ril zgrog-pa to button up. sgrog -pa, pf. bsgrags, fut. %///, imp. $grags(8), to call, call out, call to Dzl. and elsewh.; to publish, proclaim, promulgate, ytom-snydn good news Mil.; si-bai ytam bsgrdgs-na if his death becomes known, Tar. ; cos sgrog-pa, resp. cos-kyi sgrog -gUh, mdzdd-pa Glr. to preach; dril- sgrog-pa to publish by ringing a bell, to publish, proclaim; sgrog-pa-po a proclaimed, a preacher Cs. 2. to shout, to scream, nu-skad drag-par sgrog (the infant) weeps and screams Lt. 3. C. (in W. only resp.) to read, ysun sgrog -pa to read w r ords of Buddha Ma.\ even: sems-kyis sq rag-pa to read silently. 4. to bind, like Q gr6gs-pa; v. also sgrog extr. SJ^"J" sg rod-pa, another form of O grod-pa to go; not much used. ^k*3T S 9 ron - ma a lamp, lantern, torch, sgron-me a burning lamp, (prop, a lamp-fire); often fig. sgron-pa vb. to light, to kindle, dpe-ca-la me saron-nas light- ing (burning) the book Pth. sgron-bskdl the enlightened age Cs., opp. to mun-bskdl the dark age. sgron-drcgs lamp-black. sgron-(me-)stn Sch. the yeAv- leaved fir, Pinus picea, which tree, however, is scarcely known in Tibet; in Sik. it denotes Pinus longifolia, and prob. also in every other province, the most resinous species of co- niferous trees prevailing there. H'J* sffron-pa, pf. and fut. bsgron 1. to cover, to lay over, adorn, decorate Glr. 2. to light, to kindle, v. sgron-ina. Ip" sgrob haughtiness, arrogance, pride, Lew. sgrom box, chest trunk, coffer = sgam-, sardm-bu a small box or chest : smyug- *<jr6m Cs. = yzi'b-ma a [chest or trunk made of bamboo; ro-sgrom, rits^ai sgrom Zam. coffin. xyrol - ba, pf. and fut. bsgral 1. to rescue, deliver, save, las from, out of, sgrol-ba i dcd-dpon-du O gyur he becomes a guide to salvation Glr. 2. to lead, sgrol-ma transport, carry, to cross (a river) by boat or ferry, cu-bsyrdl Le.r.: ^ftijj passed over; cu-boi pd-rol-tu bsyml-bar mdzod-ciy have the goodness to take me over to the other bank Sambh.; ^or-ba bsyrdl-bai ym-yzins yin Glr. it is a boat that carries over the river of transmigration. 3. to remove, do away with, drive away, O dre - rnaim pyii ryyd-mfso ccn-po-la bsyrdl Glr. the demons were driven to the uttermost parts of the sea; bdud syrol-ba to expel the devil; sdiy- can ryydl-po syrol-bar Q yyur the guilty king will be removed out of the way! Git'.- dyra-byeys bsyml-bai sa Kray 'rus-pa daii naii-rol ylo snyitl beds -pa mcod-par Jbul the ilesh, blood, bones, heart, lungs and entrails of slaughtered enemies of the faith are offered by us as a sacrifice. This say- ing, the tendency of which is often justified by the sophism, that it is an act of mercy to kill an enemy of the faith and thus prevent him from accumulating more sin, shows that even 'mild Buddhism' is not incapable of bloody fanaticism, and instan- ces like that of king Lau-dar-ma of old, and of the recent martyrdom of Horn an Catholic Christians at Bonga confirm this fact from experience. HQTST syrol-ma, sometimes also syrol-yum Cs., W. *r6l-<ma*, 1. n. of two god- desses, Ssk. fHTT? k nown in the history of Tibet as the white and green Tara, incar- nated in the two wives of Srongtsangampo, ScJil. 66 and 84; Kopp. II., 65. 2. a name of females, of frequent occurrence. syros 1. Cs. manner, method, way, bmd- syros way of explaining, instructing, informing: sgroys bsdd-sgros Sch.: 'the me- thod of instruction which is to be proclaim- ed' (?) ; ytdm - syros Cs. : 'way or manner of speaking' (?). 2. Cs. edge, brim, lip; Sch. also mark from a wound, scar; zdl-yyi mcu-syros seems to signify only 'lip'. CTAr-^r brgdd-pa = bydd-pa to smile, to smile on Stg. ' bryal 1. v. rydl-ba, '2. v. ryul-bu. a Sch. 'das Gegenseitige', mutual relation, contrast, contrary? hyya (fdm-pa) a hundred, one hundred; %//</-/ Vm/ the hun- dred, a century; bryya-prdy bcu 1000; briitfu-pa the hundredth; brgyd~po con- sisting of one hundred (cf. under dgu}', bryya dun bcu-bzi 114; bryya-nyi-su 120; bzi-bryya (dan) go-bryydd 498; brg-yd-rtmt v. rtsa; bryyd-la (Cs.: bryya-ma-lan-yciy, or brgyd-lam-na'*} once among a hundred (cases or times) i.e. very rarely, e.g. (dus) brgyd-la brnyed kyaii though it be found for once at last Mil. frq., cf. ScJif. Erlaut. ZVL Dzangl. p. 45; also = finally, in short, the Latin denique, Mil.nt.; brgyd-can er- ron. for rgyd-can. brgya-mcod a heca- tomb of 100 lamps, offered on certain fes- tival occasions Sik. -7 bryyd- daus about or nearly a hundred Sch. bryyd-dpon a captain of a hundred men, the Latin centurio. bryya-byin (T3ffit) '(honour- ed by) a hundred sacrifices', epithet of Indra, cf. txaTnupaios') 1. Indra. 2. n. of a medicine Wd//. qji- brgyat 1 . in smrd-bai bryya Sch. : noisy v conversation; Lexx. simply -^HIM speech, conversation (with the remark that the word is obs. and prov.). 2. often erron for ryya. -., bryyd/i-ba 1. v. ryyon-ba 2. to call to a person from a distance, C. nM?" bryyad eight; bryydd-pa the eighth, v 1 bryyad-po consisting of eight, brgydd- cu eighty, bryyad-cu-rtsa-yciy ( W. *yyad- cu-gya-ciy*}, yya-fciy 81; brgyad-brgyd 800; bryyad-stoii 8000; brgyad-K-ri 80 000. brgyad-(b)kdy a reproach, re- buke, bryyad-kdg byed-pa to rebuke, to chide Dzl. hyydnrpa, vb. to adorn, decorate ; to provide with (c. instrum.), cf. ryyan sbst. ; nya myo sd-yin A/y///u//-y>, the letter nya (?>) being provided with an s above it, sny. ., Zam. bryyal-ba 1. to sink down sense- less, to faint; *bniyiil-ti' ili'nl-c,-* 124 brgyuns-pa W. to lie in winter-sleep; ^o-bryydl-te very much exhausted, v. ^o. 2. to howl, of the fox. Sch. nffirsj'H* brgyit its-pa Lea'.', Cs.: 'the mar- ^ row in the back-bone'. mily (gens), lineage; relations, ances- tors, descendants, offspring, mi-bryyud \. = brgyud, dei mi-brgyud yin-pa being of his family Glr. 2. people, nation, bod-kyi mi- brgyud the Tibetan nation. 3. the human race, mankind 6s.; rigs-brgyitd, resp./c?w/5- brgyitd family; issue, progeny, rigs-brgyud ^pel-bar O gyur there will be a numerous offspring; bla-rgyud succession or descent of Lam#s Cs. *mig nd-ce gyud-la yod* W. diseases of the eye frequently occur in that family; *de-ne gyud mi cad yin* W. then the race will not die out; *spel- gyud-la bor-ce* W. to set apart cattle for breeding; brgyud-nas brgyud-du from ge- neration to generation Cs. ; bu fsa brgyud- du bdeo he is blessed even to his children and children's children Dzl. Comp. brgyud-brgyugs a continuous suc- cession Sch. brgyud-can like his pro- genitors Cs. brgyud-pa 1. belonging to a race or family. 2. v. rgyud and rgyud- pa. brgyud - med degenerate Cs. , cf . brgyud-can. brgyud-ma 1. Cs. = brgyud- can. 2. W. fruitful, fertile. 3. brgyud-ma- brgyab Lex. w r .e. bryyud- Q dzin a first- born male, heir and successor. q-rr' brgrad is acknowledged by Lexx., -J ' but evidently an incorrect form for byrad. qjy - bsg . . . words beginning thus will for the greater part be found under sg . . . bsgdg-pa v. ^gegs-pa and sgog-pa. bsgait (Lexx. = diios-yzi, T[5f?) point of time, moment, instant, conjuncture, lo-ysar-bsgdn-gi lUdgs-ma a chilling gale on newyear's day Mil. ; esp. the proper time or season for doing a thing, byd-bai bsgan; O bri-bai, zd-bai bsyan the time for writing, eating. (A different word from sgaii). norn* bsgo-ba 1. v. sgo-ba. 2. pf. vb. a. to o^o-ba, to soil, stain, defile, lit. and fig., *kyon-gliyi ma g<l* C. he was not tainted with any spot or blemish, nothing could be laid to his charge; to infect with disease; rarely in a good sense: dri sna-f soys -Kyis legs -par bsgos-pa Stg. well anointed with salves and perfumes. qj^r-q- bsgrdn-ba 1. to enumerate, count up (?) Cs. 2. to cause to grow cold Le.v.c. * bsgrdd-pa Lexx. = bgrdd-pa. r- na 1. the letter /}, sounded as a nasal guttural, the English ng in singing, in the Tibetan language often the initial let- ter of a word. 2. as numerical figure: 4. 3. as numeral adjective = Ind-bcu, in the numbers 51 59. P. iia, pers. pron., first person sing, and pi. I, we, the usual word in familiar speech; nai my, our; mine, ours; na mi rgan old man that I am Mil.; na rgydl- po sron-btsan-syam-po dan w T ith me, king Srongtsangampo Glr.; bld-ma na I, the Lama Mil.; de mi rgan nai Kd-la m/on listen to my word as that of an old man Mil.; nai O di this my (doing) Glr. ; iiai rje-btsun my honoured masters! Mil. ; nai na-rgydl 125 * nan yid-^oh my dearest! TV*.; na-rdn I my self, esp. col. very frq.; */< rdii-ka* Ts., */; &o<7* J7, /m nyid, ita ko-na, wa fc/a<? (?), 'ii<i-l>o (??) 6s. id.; ha rdit-<ii yah moreover, what concerns my own affairs Mil. Distinct expressions for the pi. we are: nd-cag B. and 6'.; *-/ia-*a* W., *hd-ya* lied.; in W. *tid-za* seems to be used in an exclusive sense: I and my people, i.e. excluding you or the person or persons addressed, so that when Europeans use it in Ld. or Lh., in addressing their hearers, meaning to include themselves (all of us, we and you), they are generally misunderstood ; *na dan* 'he or those with me', is said to be used in a si- milar manner; *tia dan nyis* both of us; ita-rnams we Cs. Synonyms are: tied, tios, bdag, *Ko-bo* ; and ha//, tio, dho, dtios, nogs may prob. bederived from the same root. '*OT na-rgydl ('I the first') pride, arro- ** gance, frq.; na-rgydl skyed-pa to be proud DzL; ycog-pa to break (another's pride), to humble, humiliate Mil.; iia-rgydl- <-<m proud; W. also naughty, of children. /ta ~ /nt> ' a species of duck, v. tiur-ba; peril. Anas casarca. nd-ba, rarely for nan-pa; dri tid-ba stench Stc/.; cf. nydm-na-ba, yd-na-ba. rv^* nd-ra (cf. nod) air, ha gdhs-kyi tid- /v/.s mi jigs I am not afraid of the air of glaciers Mil.; *hd-ra ddn-mo rag, }dm-po rag* W. I perceive the air to be cold, to be mild; esp. cold air, tid-ra-can fresh, cold. nd-ro a loud voice, a cry, kye-hM-kyi iid-ro Jbod-pa to raise woeful cries Pth.; skdd-kyi nd-ro cen-pos bsgrdgs-so they proclaimed, shouting at the top of their voices Pth. ; sen-gei nd-ro the loud voice, the roaring, of a lion Mil.; ydug-pai nd- ro prob. voices foreboding mischief Mil.; the roar, roaring, rushing, of waves etc.; nd-ro sgrog-pa to roar, to rage; in a rela- tive sense: skdd-kyi nd-ro drag-zdn A loud and a low sound, the different force or effort required in producing it Gram. ; itd- ro-ntn loud, noisy, roaring ; a crier, bawler, noisy fellow. ^rn- nag, sometimes ditags, resp. speech, talk, word, tidy-gi nyes-pa sins committed with the tongue, in words, (rdzun, prd-*ma, fsig-rtsiib, prob. also kydl-ka}; />/></- gi l/id-mo the goddess of speech, of elo- quence, Saras vati; iidg-gi dbun-pyug = )am-dbyd/iS Manjusri; Stag Jdrn-po kind, polite speech or words; nag - ) dm ,s////v/- mKds of a soft tone in speaking and pru- dent in words Git:; smc'in-pai nagbzin-du byed-pa to obey the words of the physi- cian; nag sdom-pa, nag bead -pa silence, as a monastic duty or religious exercise, resp. fsun-bcdd Mil. ; fzan-gyi nag y cog-pas not doing according to another's word, not obeying him Tar., frq.; nag mnydn-pa to be obedient Dzl. Comp. iiag-kydl, or -Jtyal = kydl-ka. nag-^gros, smrd-bai nag-gros 'a manner of speaking or uttering words' 6s. - imij- rgyun tradition, not recorded history, 6s. nag-snydn, snyan-ndg, snyan-diidgs 1. poetical expression, figure, metaphor. 2. poem, piece of poetry Glr. nag-dbdit 1. elo- quent. 2. p. n., e.g. nag-dbdn blo-bzdn rgyd-mfso Dalai Lama, born 1615. nag- sbyor arrangement of speech 6s. iiag- fsig = nag. nag-lam zu-ba to apply to a person by word of mouth, resp. rr- nan (not in the earlier literature) 1. the nature, essentiality, idiocrasy of a per- son, the peculiarity of a thing, saiis-rgyds- kyi nan yin he is (partaking) of the na- ture of Buddha, Buddha-like (correspon- ding to our 'divine', which consequently might be expressed by dkon-mcog-gi /t/t) Mil.; stoit-pai nan-nyid the essentiality of the vacuum itself Glr.; frq. used only paraphrastically or pleonastically : tiii-in'- dzin-gyi ndn-la zugs-pa to enter into me- ditation Mil.; fugs-mnyi's bzin-pai iu'iit-lti in a cheerful mood Mil.: l : <t<jx-ied- kyi in'n'i - Id rttds - [HIT </yix continue in that passionless state of mind Tlujr.; ^/igs-sknig- (//' in'n't-itdx, ci-ba to die of fear or anxiety; iidii-nas in general is used nearly like sgd- nas Mil. frq.; character, disposition, /)<///- niit-ii-dn &c/t.; iiaii - fsul, and e-j>. 126 pa nan-rgyiid id., nah-rgyud bzdii-po Wdh^ dge-ba Glr., a naturally good, virtuous cha- racter; very frq. : nan-rgyiid riii-ba for- bearing, longsuffering, not easily put into a passion Glr. ; not easily excited to action, phlegmatic, cool, also *nan rin-ica* 6'.; even nan alone may have this meaning: nan ma fun don't lose your patience Mil. nt.\ ndn-gis adv. not only signifies spon- taneously, of one's own accord, but also slowly, gradually, gently Mil. (so already Schr.) 2. dominion, sphere, province, pa- rallel to kloh and dbyiiis Mil. ; *na ma-si- kai nan-la dug* I belong to the kingdom of Christ, said one of our Christians, in order to show the meaning of *nan*. Hence it might be used for expressing the iv of the N. T. (I John 5, 6 and many other passages) denoting a pertaining to, belong- ing to , being connected with, nan - la cjog-pa (bzdg-pd) Mil. and C. is an ex- pression not explained as yet. rr*ri* ndn -pa 1. goose, more accurately nan-pa a gander, ridn-ma a goose Cs. The domestic goose and the breeding of it is not yet known in Tibet, at least aot in W. 2. a light-bay horse, an isabel- coloured horse Ld.-Glr. pr w nod 1. cog. to nd-ra, air, *iidd-la ' skdm-ce* W. to dry in the air; in a general sense the air in its chemical qua- lities, in its influence on the senses : scent, fragrance, spos-kyi nod lddh-ba the rising of an aromatic breeze; nod yal the fra- Igrancy, the aroma evaporates; vapour, Kd- nadj cu-nad snowy vapour, aqueous va- pour; aromati csubstance, sno-nad aromatic vegetables, such as onions Med.; cold air, ihe cold, coldness, v. nad-can. 2. W. (cf. ndr-ba, ndr-ma) severity, roughness, *ne nod jigs dug* he fears I might address him harshly; ndd-can 1. fragrant, fresh, cool, W. cold. 2. W. rough, impetuous, j-*. nan 1. evil, mischief, misfortune, nan ^ cen-po byas it has done great mischief Glr. ; esp. harm done by sorcery and witch- craft Mil.; nan-dgu every possible evil Lt. - 2. curse, imprecation, nan O debs-pa, W. *tdb-ce*, to curse, to execrate; mtu nan O debs-pa to curse by means of witchcraft. Cf. mnan. ndn-pa, col. also */tdn-po*, bad, of food etc. ; mean, miserable Dzl. poor, humble, low, (prop, rigs-nail), nan-Ion poor and blind (people) Glr. ; lo nan-pa a year yielding no crops, an unfruitful or bad year; of men, actions etc.: wicked, nan-pa ttyod ynyis ye two villains! Gli\; noisome. pernicious, ysol-ndn pernicious food, i.e. poison, resp., Glr.; . . . la ndn-du r)6d-pa to revile, blaspheme; mi-la mig nan ltd-ba to look with an evil or envious eye upon a person Glr.; rdn-rnams spyod nan byds- nas dus nan zer acting badly themselves they speak of bad times Ma. nan- yro, nun-son v. O gro-ba I. extr. nan-non Cs. mean, pitiful, very bad. nan-non tsdm- gyis cog ses-pa prob.: to be satisfied with any thing, and be it ever so poor. nan- ne-ba bad. *nan-pe* W. meal of parch- ed barley, roasted meal. nan -so 'bad place', hell; cf. ndn-^ro under O gro-ba I. extr. -..,-. ndn-bu 6'., we, eleg., = bdag., when * speaking humbly of one's self. nam-grog, Cs. 'torrent', Sch. 'ditch filled with water, water-ditch ; the bank of a river growTi high and steep by having been gradually washed out by the current' ; (only this latter sense of the word was authenticated to me). In Glr. Tibet is poetically called 'nam- grog - ce' , which is a very appropriate name when render- ed: having large and deep erosions. _._ __. /(dm dur-i-an given to gluttony NS ' and drinking Stg. * nani-ru n. of a disease Me<l. reluctantly. nu r 1. fore- or front-side, forepart, nar- ydon id.; esp. of the leg, the shin-bone, also knuckle ni f. ; lag-iidY, rkan-itdr fore- arm, lower part of the leg; rje-nar seems to be an appellation for both, (in W. *nyar* instead of it). 2 v. iidr - ba 1. - nar-skdd 127 ned 3. terrain, of ha, 'to one's self, na>'- dzin = bdag- dzin, selfishness, self-interest. Mil. 4. /tar O d6n-pa to set on or against, to instigate, nyams-kyi nar O don-pa irrita- tions of the mind, excitements Mil. ; nyam- i/t'ir JAW. id. (?) 5. v. har-itdr-po. nar-skdd the roaring, of lions etc., O don-pa, sgrog-pa Mil. ; W. *tdh-ce* also to call to, to shout at. ^ nar-hdr-po hoarse, husky, wheez- ing, e.g. in old age Thgy.; har- itr Q Kun-sgra a hoarse groaning Pth. har- gliid hoarseness and phlegm Med.; gre- ba har-ba a hoarse throat Med. ndt'-can \. ndr-ba. nar-sndbs mucus, snivel, (affords food to certain demons). 'SJ" hdr-pa stalk of plants Med. nar ~P W. strong, ferocious, of the tiger etc. ndr-ba 1. strength, force; hardness, of steel; cold, frost, cold wind Mil. (cf. nd-ra, nad); nar ytoh-ba, W. *tdn-ce, cug-ce*, Sch. also Idud-pa, to steel, to tem- per. ndr-can 1. strong, vigorous 2. tem- pered ; ndr-ldan id. ; sems ndr-ldan a strong mind Mil.; nar-med weak, soft. 2. (v. nar 1.) a sort of flap (of breeches). ndrma 1. irritable, passionate, impe- tuous Sch. 2. strong, powerful, e.g. a powerful protection, Mil. ndl-baio be fatigued, tired, wearied; fatigue, weariness, resp. sku ndl-ba, or fugs ndl-ba, also ninyel-ba; nal son I am tired; spobs-pa nal the strength de- creases Med.; ndl-cad-pa, ndl-dub-pa in- tensive forms of nal; nal ojug-pa vb. a. to tire, fatigue, weary; nal yso-ba 'to cure weariness', to rest, frq. ; nal-stegs a rest, a sort of crutch or fork, which coolies so- metimes carry with them, to support their load, whilst taking a momentary rest in standing; also any bench or seat inviting to repose. To provide such conveniences for wayfaring men is considered a meri- torious act. r-^r has 1. instr. of ha. 2. mi-im* Tar. 37, 16. is undoubtedly a typo- graphical error, instead of mi -nad. Schf. has left it without an annotation. " id num. fig.: 34. " nu num. fig. : 64. tiu-ba, pf. hus, resp. yum -pa, 1. to >o weep, 2. W. also to roar, used of swelling rivers, not of the wind; Schr.: 'to groan like a turtle-dove'; *hu ma nu* W. do not weep! hus-pai mci-ma tears that have been shed Dzl; ga-cdd hits-pa, weeping without a cause, hysterical weep- ing Med. ; hu-ru jug-pa to} cause to weep Lt. ; *hu-ma-god* W. weeping and laughing at the same time; ses hus-so thus he said weeping Glr. ; *nu dho-wa* (lit. gro-ba) C. to be sorrowful, sad. nu^-ba^-po Cs., nu-mtean col. one weeping, a weeper. nu-sur-can Sch., nu-mKan col. a child that is continually crying. hu- bod, hu-rdzi, W. *nu-zt*, sbst. a crying, howling, lamen- ting. C.^* hu-ru W. for hur-ba 1. nug-pa Ts. = nur-ba 2, to grunt; to snore; to pur (of cats). nud-mo a SOb 6s., Schr. nur-ba 1. sbst. duck, esp. the red NO wild duck, ^sfi^f^j Anas casarca; iiur-ka as red as fire, fiery red; nur-smrig* yellowish red, saffron colour, the original colour of the monks' habit, though not the common high-red of the Brug-pa monks in Sik. and in W. 2. vb. to grunt, of pigs and yaks. C^J" hus v. itu-ba. CT ne num. fig.: 94. p^- ned pers. person, first person, eleg. ' for ha, I, we; hM-kyi my, our: /// ynyis(-ka) w r e two; ned }sum(-po') we three; ned spun ysum we three brothers Gli:: /'</- kyi bu - ddd mdzod have the goodness to become our foster-son Mil; sometimes na 128 ncu-cay and -tied are used promiscuously in the same- sentence, so: nas I, and directly after: iied- kyi our Mil. The plural number is specially indicated in: ned-cay, ned-fso, ried-rnams, ried-day Mil. ; ned-cay-rnams 6s. ned-rdit 1. I myself, we ourselves. 2. I, we Glr.; -ned-nyid, ned-K6-na Cs. id. (Ld. *nad*). Pn-^n- ncu-cag Dzl. 4V^ H. 15. is prob. ' an incor. reading in Sch.'s edition, instead of ^u-bu-cay. nes-pa 1. adj. certain, true, sure, firm, bddy-la nes-pa ziy stsdl-du ysol I ask you to communicate to me something certain, i.e. authentic news; nes-par byed- pa to fix, settle, establish, ascertain, e.g. facts of chronology, v. Wdk. chronological table in Cs.'s Grammar; to ratify Schr.; O ci-bar nes-pa yin ornes-so death is certain; de bden-par nes-sam is it certain that this is true? Glr.; mi btub-tu nes-na as it is certain that I am not able (to do it) Dzl. ; nam Jcijer nes-pa med it is not certain at what time they will be carried off Glr. ; bday Kyod-kyi bu yin nes-na if I am actually, for certain, your son Pth.; pan nes-pai cos that religion which is sure to lead to sal- vation Mil. ; nes-pai don-las yol he is missing the true sense Pth.', ma-nes-pa untrue Tar. 109, 17; ynds-la nes-pa med-pa yin as to abode I am changeable, 1 have no fixed abode Mil.; also nes -med alone: homeless Mil.; undefined, nes-med-kyi ri-la some- ^vhere on the mountains Mil.; sometimes it is but a rhetorical turn, like the Eng- lish evidently, obviously, bu-la bkra- mi- sis nes-kyis, as our son has evidently met with an accident Dzl. ; bud-med yin-du nes- so they are evidently women, they do not deserve to be called men Dzl.; also sbst. certainty, surety, truth; fse-la, ndy-la, lus-la nes-pa med (man's) life-time, word, body have no certainty, are transient Glr. Hence nes-pa-can real, actual, nes-pa-can- du really, truly, in fact, in reality, opp. to deceitful appearances, false opinions, wrong calculations etc. Glr.; t'ies-pa-nyid- du adv. 1. in reality Glr. 2. truly, in truth, verily Glr.; nes-par adv. 1. really, certainly, to be sure, frq. ; sdiy-pa byds-na rnam-par- smm-pa nes-par myoti-ste as retribution for a sin committed is sure to take place, will certainly follow Dzl.; de-dra-ba ziy nes - par yod - na if such a one is really present Zte/.; nes-par ci-ba the certain dying, the certainty of death TJtyy. ; bday nes-par byao I will surely do it Dzl. 2. by all means, to add force to the imperative mood Tar. 16,11. 2. often it is used sub- jectively, esp. in 6'., when sems-la is to be supplied, so that it may be rendered by to know: bden-par nes, rdzun-par iies I know (I am certain) that it is true, un- true; nes-pa cer med I am not quite sure, I do not know for certain, I do not fully understand, I do not clearly see through it Mil. ; sems-can O di bddy-yi pa-md yin nes- na, if we take it for granted, if we try to realize the fact, that this being is our father or mother Thyy.; to remember, to bear in mind *sem-la ne fub-bam* C. shall you be able to remember that? nes-don, also ydn-day-don, is said to mean immediate knowledge of the truth, which may be ob- tained mystically by continued contem- plation, and is opp. to drdn-don, know- ledge obtainable through the medium of the sacred writings Mil. , also Lexx. ; nes (-par) O byun-(ba) Mil. frq., Schr.: 'deli- verance from the round of transmigration', Sch.: 'to appear, to prove true'; another explanation still: 'knowledge of one's self is not borne out by etymology. ries- bzun ace. to Lexx. a synonym of brndn- pa, q. v. nes -(par) leys (-pa) TJiyy., 'that which evidently is the best', is said to denote deliverance from the round of transmigration. K" no num. fig : 124. p^ no 1. resp. zal-no (cf. no-bo, nor, nos) face, countenance, air, look, as the ex- pression of a man's personality and mind (no mdzes-paCs., and nan -pa Schr. are dubious), bddy-yi no-la yziys-nas when she (my mother) shall see my face, nod kdr-po a cheerful face; no nay-par O duy-pa to sit 129 with a sad and gloomy face Glr.\ /to nag- par O gyur-ba to grow sorrowful, to turn pale with fright, pain etc. ; ho bab courage fails(me); no srun-ba frq. 'to watch the countenance', to pay much or even too much regard to other people's opinions; no dzin-pa Mil. seems to signify the same, and no cogs-pa the contrary : not to comply with a person's wishes Mil.\ no sprod-pa to lay open the features, to show the nature of a thing, to explain; no O prod-pa to understand, to learn, in later literature frq.; no ses-pa to know ccap: na no kyod-kyis ma ses-na if thou dost not know me Mil. ; with terruin. inf.: to know (that something happens); to find out, e.g. by calculation; to perceive; no mi ses-pa 1. not to know 2. unacquaintance, ignorance 3. unknown: no-mi -ses-pa -la Iddh-ba to rise before a stranger; no-mi-ses-pai yul an unknown country Thgy. ; no ltd - ba Glr. is said to signify: to submit (vb. n.); *no len-ce* W. to beg pardon, cf. nos bldn-ba; no Idog- pa or log-pa to turn away, always fig. = to desert, Jcor-bai yul no log-na if you will desert, get rid of, the land of trans- migration; more frq.: no -log byed-pa to revolt, rebel, rtsom-pa to bring about a revolt, no-log-mKan mutineer, agitator, no- log-can seditious, faithless, no zlog-pa ccg. to oppose, resist, not comply with a person's wish Dzl 2. Side, like nos, esp. W.: *'a n<'>-la son* he has gone to that side, in that direction; *sdm-pa 'a no '' no-a son* he is absent, inattentive. 3. self, the thing itself, cf. no-bo and nos; v. Jdl-ba; also sbst. the self, the I, no-fsdb the re- presentative of the I; cf. also no-cen. 4. likelihood, prospect of, c. genit. inf. or root, Kyer-bai no a probability of its being taken away; bu cig Jbyun no ce a great chance of (getting) a son. 5. (also nos) a. the waxing and waning moon, with regard to shape; one half of the lunar month with regard to time, yar - no the former, mar -no the latter half; yar - ho zla liar like the crescent moon. b. in a special sense the increasing moon, or the first half of the month; thus vulgo; so also in B.: zld-ba dgu no bcu Ion -pa-no, Glr. } no bcu-nas, zld-ba ho bcu-na Pth. in the first half of the tenth month (to denote the duration of pregnancy). Comp. and deriv. ho dkar v. above 1. - no-lkog prop, adj.: public and private, open and secret, but it is generally used as a synonym of zol or rdzun, fraud, im- posture, deceit, eye-service. It may be ex- plained by its contrary: no-med Ikog-med acting in the same manner in public as in private life, the open and the secret conduct being alike Mil. (cf. nos). no- can natural (?) Cs. no-cen ('the greater self), a man of influence interceding for another person, an intercessor; ho-cen byt'd- pa to intercede Glr. ; mi-la no-cen O col-ba to use a person as negotiator, to make inquiries through him Glr. (Sch. incorr.) no-rtog W. l. (like nes-pa of J5.) certain, e.g. * no-tog se-ce* to know for certain. 2. (like dnos, yan-dag-pd) real, actual; true, genuine, * O 'lul yin-na no -tog yin* is it counterfeit or genuine? illusion or reality? * no-tog sad- If an* the actual murderer, he who really occasioned the death. - *no- stod-Kan W. he who praises another to his face, a flatterer. no-ndg \. above 1. - no-bo-nyid, entity, no-bo-nyid-med-pa non-entity Tar. 90,2.; essence, nature, sub- stance, e.g. sems-kyi Mil. ; character Was. (278.294); marrow, main substance, quint- essence (=snyih-po} Glr. and elsewh.; rdn-gi no-bos in itself, according to its in- trinsic nature JIM.; also col. *ho-bo Ko- ran* C. the thing itself, opp. to a surrogate ; no-bo ycig rtogs-pa jnyis Was. : 'one quality, two (different) ideas' (Schl. has ldog-pa instead of rtdg-pa). ho- bdb-pa adj. dis- couraged, timorous, bashful W. no -ma ace. to Cs. ho. h6-ma-yyog C. : master and servant. no-mu/ W. boldness; *ho- mig-can*, or *cen-po* bold, daring, cou- rageous; *ho-mig cuh-se* shy, timid, faint- hearted W. no-fsa ('heat of the face') 1. the act of blushing, shame, ho-fsai ynas shameful things Sch., Schr.; ho-tsa-can, 9 130 nogs no-fsa-ses-pa shamefaced, chaste, ashamed; no-fsa-med-pa, mi-ses-pa shameless, bare- faced, impudent; *na no-fsa rag* I am ashamed, *Ko no-fsa dug, no-fsa-can dug* W. he is ashamed; no-fsa byed-pa to be ashamed. 2. a shameful thing, Kyod no-mi- fsa-la no-fsar byed you are ashamed where there is no occasion for it Mil.; no-fsa-ba to be indecent, indecorous, unbecoming, yul-du log-na no-fsa- la as it would be a shame if we returned (r/r. ; ycer-bur O gro- ba no-fsa zin as it would be indecorous to go naked Ptk. no-mfsdr-ba v. mfsdr- ba. no-ru, nor 1. into the face Sch., e.g. skud-pa to smear; rtsub-pa to say rude things to another's face Thgy.; iio-rdit-du id. 2. in the face of, before the eyes, fzdn- gyi of others. 3. by reason of, in conse- quence of, des bskul-bai nor in consequence of a summons, of a request of him Glr. and elsewh. no-ses an acquaintance, a friend (the usual word in W.). no -so joy, no-so ce-bar ^oh you will have great joy, you will be delighted, highly satis- fied; sbyin-pa no-so byed-pa to make pre- sents to another to his full satisfaction Mil., also Tar. 211, 2. iio-sruns regard to the opinion of others, an aiming at applause Mil nod 8 ! mountain-side, slope (cf. nos); river-side, bank, shore, rgyd-mfsoi Dzl. 2. ford, cu-nogs id. C. n6m-pa, pf. noms, 1. to satisfy one's desire by drinking, Krdg-gis, also Krdg-las Dzl.; ma noms I am still thirsty; nom-par, also noms-fsdd, O fun-ba to drink one's fill; also of sleeping, nyid ma nom I have not yet had my full share of sleep; fig.: cos-kyi bdud-rtsis, to fill one's self with the nectar of doctrine Dzl; bltd-bas mi noms mdzes-pa so beautiful, that one cannot gaze at it long enough, frq. ; also bltd-bas mi noms bzin-du not being able to look at it sufficiently Pth.; noms(-pa)- med(-pa) insatiable. 2. to show with design (boastingly, or indecently, e.g. one's nakedness) Glr., Pth. 3. col. for snom- pa to snuffle, to pry into, to spy. C^ w nor \. v. under no, Comp. 2. n. of a monastery of the Saskya, Wdk. chro- nological table in Cs.'s Gram. g^j- ties 1. side, mdun-nos front-side, front of the body Lt; of a pyramid, a mountain, Iho-nos southern side or slope of a mountain, side, margin, edge, of a pond etc.; rgydb nos yyds-na on the right hand behind, yyds nos mdun-na on the right hand before Glr. ; surface , plain , of the table ; sai nos surface of the earth Cs. ; hence rios-su (opp. to Ikog -tu) Mil. , * ht>- la* (opp. to sbds-te (*be-te*) W. manifestly, notoriously, publicly, openly (cf. ?zo); side, direction, like fyogs, W. 2. a thing itself (cf. no 3), examples v. under ^dl-ba. - 3. pers. pron. first person I, we; esp. in Ld. in epistolary correspondence, eleg. - 4. instrum. of no, = no-yis; nos dzin-pa Mil. (dnos dzin-pa Tkgy.) vb. 1. to be selfish, self-interested, also adj. selfish, cf. nos 3. 2. more frq. to perceive, to know, to discern, also no-yis dzin-pa; nos zin-par gyis sig, know it! be sensible of it! Thgr.- with the terrain.: to acknowledge as, to take for, to look upon as Tar. 189, 1. In a special sense: diagnosis, discriminating a disease Mcd. *n6n-no Idn-wa* C. (lit. ynon nos blan-ba) *no len-ce* v. *no* 1. d'iags - snydn v. nag (Lea: = dndn-ba, pf. dnans 1. to be out of breath, to pant, to feel oppressed e.g. when plunging into cold water 6'., but esp. when frightened and terrified, hence 2. to be frightened, to fear, to be afraid, sbrul-gyis of a snake; ces dndns-nas thus he spoke in dismay Dzl.; dndn-par O gyur- ro you will (or would) be terrified Dzl. dnan-skrdg, skrag-dndn great fear, fright, terror; dnan-skrdg -pa intensive form of dndn-ba, frq. r^'oBwr-rj' dnan - Q ten - pa Lex. not to return things taken away from another. dnar 1. for mnar, sweet Mil. and elsewh. 2. also zil-dndr Lex. w.e. ; 131 dnud-mo mndg-pa Sch.: order, success! on (?); fsdr-du diiar Lea;.., Sch. put in order, placed in array. dnud-mo nud-mo Sch. dhul (col. often Vm/*) 1. silver. 2. money. 3. a rupee. 4. a tola or Indian half ounce; dmd-gyi foa-nas ditul ysum-cu fob he gets 30 rupees out of the ready money; dnul-Ka a silver mine, a vein of silver; dtiul-kug, dnul-sgyig money- bag, purse; dmd-cu quicksilver, mercury; dnul-dul-ma refined silver Sch. ; diiul-rmig, lump, bar, ingot, of silver Sch.; *nul-zdn(s)* W., C'., silvered or plated copper. rg dno 1. shore, bank Lexx. 2. edge of a knife 6s. ; fig. rta-lcdg-yi dno whip- cord, lash of a whip C. 3. handle of a knife (??) Cs. dnom-pa, dnom-brjid, brightness, splendour; dnom-po, dnom-can shining, bright Cs.; Lex. dnom-ce very bright. Cf. rndm-pa. JR&T d' lOS *' rea ''ty> rea '> dnos dan sgyu- ma reality and illusion; rgydl-bu dnos the real prince (opp. to a spurious one); proper, true, genuine; positive (opp. to negative) Gram. ; personal, dnos-la yod- pa to be personally present; dnos-su, resp. zal- dnos-su bodily e.g. to appear bodily; ^d-yig dnos-su med kyan, even though the ^a is not actually written there, Gram.', dnos-su grub -pa med- pa to have no real existence Thgy. 2. 6s. : pers. pron. I, cf. nos; dnos-(]zm-pa to be selfish Thgy.\ dnos- dzin selfishness, self interest, dnos-dzinydon- gyis zin-pa to be possessed by the demon of selfishness Thgy.; dnos-dzin-can selfish, self-interested. Thus it was explained by Lamas, though it cannot be denied that sometimes the version: belief in existence, a clinging to reality, a signification equally justifiable by etymology (v. below), would be more adequate to the context. 3. Tar. 150,14: thou, you; except in this passage I did not meet with the word in this sense, yet it may be used so, in the same manner as nyid q.v. Comp. and deriv. dnos-yrub, Ssk. siddhi, 1. perfection, excellence, any thing of superior value, e.g. honour, riches, talents, and esp. wisdom, higher knowledge, and spiritual power, as far as they are not acquired by ordinary study and exercise, but have sprung from within spontaneously, or in consequence of long continued contempla- tion. This dnos -grub is, as it were, the Buddhist caricature of the ;p/0pora of the N.T. (v. I. Cor. 12,4). 2. name of male persons, col. *no-rub* W. d/ios- ndn having little flesh, ill -fed, emaciated Mil. dnds-can material, real Cs. dnos- dad true faith, opp. to blun-dad 'a fooFs faith', superstition Mil. dnos-sdig prob. : real, or still effective sin, unatoned, un- expiated sin Dzl. &?, 14; or less emphati- cally: sinful actions in general , 15. dnos-po, Ssk. *j^ ^j, thing, natural body, ser diiul-la soys-jjai d/tds-po Olr.\ matter, subject, dyd-bai dnos-po matter of rejoicing Wdfi. ; goods, utensils, dyc-slon-gi wearing- apparel of a Gelong; occurrence, event, action, dnos-po syrub-pa to bring a thing about , to set it on foot or a going Dzl. ; as a philosophical term : substance, matter, Was. (270. 294) ; dnos-por dzin-pa the belief in the reality of existence Mil. dnos- ma Cs. natural (opp. to artificial), natural productions. dnds-min 1. the proper or real name for a thing; so Zam. uses the paraphrase \po-mf sdn-gyidnos-miit, in order to avoid the plain expression m)e, which is considered obscene. 2. noun substantive, Chr. Prot. a newly coined grammatical term. dnos-med Lex. = Ssk. abhava, Cs. im- material, not existing, Was. (281): not real. dnos-slob a real, a personal pupil Tar. often. diios-yzi (Lex. = Ssk. mida) the main part of a thing, the thing itself, e.g. the subject-matter of a treatise, the cere- mony itself, opp. to snon-^yro introduction, sbyor-ba preparation, and eventually also rjes that which follows. SlC^r^r m>ia y-p a i P*- w'w/ s > to commission, charge, delegate, send (a messenger, commissary etc.) Dzl. ; also used of Buddha's sending a Bodhisatva on the earth to con- 132 miidn-pa vert all mortals. mnag-yzug a servant, slave, but esp. a messenger of the gods. miidn - pa to curse, to execrate; m?ian bsgrait-ba Cs. 'enumeration of curses'; but mnan mi bgran? Lex. w.e. mna, resp. for dban, might, dominion, sway, mna mdzdd-pa to govern, to rule, la over; mna brnyes-pa to have ob- tained power Gb\; mna sgyiir-ba Tar. id.; to possess (books, knowledge etc ) ; to have mastered, to understand thoroughly; mna ysol-ba 1. to name, nominate, appoint, rgydl-por a king Pth. ; btsun-mor to declare a 'woman one's wife Glr. 2. to praised'.; bkra-sis mna ysol-ba C. to congratulate. mna-fdn power, might. mna-bddg ruler, master, owner, frq. mnd-ba 1 . vb. resp. for yod-pa, to be (to have), rgydl-po-la sras ysum mnd-ste the king having three sons DzL; btsun-poi skit-la bsnyun mi mna Idgs- sam (i trust) your majesty is not unwell? Glr. 2. adj. (partic.) being owned by, be- longing to, Dzl.?&, 3: having, owning, = dan Iddn-pa, frq. mna-mdzdd = mna- bddg. mna-zdbs Glr., mna-^og Glr., mna- ris Lew. subject to ; a subject. jjrnvr^r mna-ris p.n., in a wider sense the whole country round the sources and the upper course of the Indus and Sutledge, together with some more western parts ; the Cashmere, English, and most western Chinese provinces, where Tibetans live; in a more limited sense mna-ris skor ysum denotes Rutok, Guge, and Purang. mna-ris-Jcdm-bu C. (*pd- ti/'i* W.), dried apricots from Balti; mna- ris cu, miia-ris ytsdn-po, also yyas-ru-ytsdn- po, and rta-mcog-Ka-bab, the principal river of Tibet. mndr-ba, W. *ndr-mo*, C. *ndr- po*, sweet, frq.; *mnar ysum* the three sweets, sugar, molasses, and honey; cf. dkar ysum. miial, resp. Ihums (^w) womb ; mndl- gyi dri-mas ma gos-par not con- taminated by the impurity of the womb (so all the Buddhas are not born like other mortals, but come forth out of the side of /ion-pa the breast); mnal dan Iddn-par to be with child; mnal mi bde-bar O yyur- ba to be taken by the labours of child- birth; mat mndl-nas byiiii-nas rtdg-par constantly from one's birth; miidl-du cd(/s- pa 1. the originating in the womb, con- ception, 2. the foetus or embryo Med.; mndl-du fogs-pa a disease; mndl(-du) ynds (-pa) foetus, embryo Thgy.; mndl-du O iug- pa to enter the womb, relative to a Buddha: his incarnating himself, his assuming flesh; mndl-du O dzin-pa Wdn. to conceive, to be with child. mndl-Ka mouth of the womb, orifice of the uterus Med. mnal-grib contamination of the womb; 6s. adds: ori- ginal sin, yet prob. it signifies nothing more than mndl-gyi dri-ma v. above; (the said contamination is considered to extend to the least contact with a woman in child- bed). mndl-sgo the canal of the uterus, vagina; also in a more special sense the extreme orifice of the vagina Med.; frq. without any immediate physiological refe- rence, the same as mnal, e.g, when the subject of re-birth is spoken of. mnal- fur a spoon used in midwifery for ex- tracting a dead fruit (in the artificial deli- vering of a live child the obstetric art in Tibet is rather helpless). mnal rlitgs-pa abortion, mnal rlugs-par byed-pa to cause abortion 6s. mnon-pa conspicuous, visible, e.g. continents, because they stand out of the water; more frq. fig. : evident, mani- fest, clear, mnon-par O gyur-ba to become manifest; to be verified, proved, e.g. gold by refining DzL Tibetan writers regu- larly translate the Ssk. abhi by mndn-pa, hence cos mndn-pa DzL, and mnon-pai bka Pth., the Abhidharma (v. Kopp. I., 595; Was.), mnon-pai sde-snod Abhidharma-pi- taka, mnon - pa - mdzod Abhidharma kosa (v. Burn. I. and Was.) ; as a vb. : to be evident, to appear clearly, bden-par \'-is mnon, from what is it evident that it is true? DzL; ynod-par bgyid-du mnon -no they are evidently bent on doing mischief DzL ; mhon-du byed-pa to manifest, to make 133 mnon- pa r nan-pa public; to show something to others; Tar. 24, 1 should be understood: to make clear or manifest to one's self, to perceive, know, understand; mndn-du Jbyin-pa to disclose, reveal (secrets, the future) Glr.; to make known (one's wishes) Glr.; miion- du ^gyur-ba to be revealed or disclosed, to make one s appearance, ran-byuit ye-ses miton-du gyur-pas as the self-originated wisdom has revealed itself to us Mil. mnon-par adv. manifestly, openly, evident- ly; often = entirely, highly, greatly, very, mnon-par rdzogs Was. (246) complete ful- filment; in the sense of 'very' it may also be taken in mnon-par dgao, in the legends of Buddha, 'they rejoiced very much', though also one of the other significations of abhinanda might help to explain these words. Comp. miton-(par) brjod^pa) = abhi- dana, a collection of synonyms, of which some are mentioned in Burn.I. and II. miton-rtdgs proof, argument; sign or token of the truth of a thing Dzl V%, 2. - miion-(par) rtogs(-pa) 1. a clear compre- hension Was. (287). 2. a hymnlike descrip- tion of a Lha from top to toe, v. also Schl. 260. mnon-mfo re-birth as Lha or as man Thgy. (ScJir.'); also n. of a re- gion in Paradise. mndn-pa-pa an Ab- hidbarma scholar. mnon-spyod Sch. cruelty, severity; Schf. more corr.: witch- craft, Ssk. abhicara, Pth., drdg-po m/ton- spyod-kyi las Tar. frq. mnon-mfsdn Lex. w.e., Sch.; an evident sign. mndn-(par) ses(-pd), re?p. mtfyfoi(-pa), Ssk. abkyna, a kind of clairvoyance, gift of supernatural perception, of which five species are enu- merated, viz. assuming any form at will, seeing and hearing to any distance, know- ing a man's thoughts, knowing a man's condition and antecedents; originally used as a vb. : to be clear-seeing Pth. mnon- sum-du 1. openly, publicly DzL; more frq. 2. bodily, personally; like dnos-su, e.g. to appear, to instruct, in person (Tar.); to know by one's own personal experience (WJ. rna I. kettle-drum, drum, Jfdr-rna \.J!ar; rdzd-riia Glr., Cs.: 'a drum of earthen ware'; rgydl-rita the beating of drums after a victory, bag - r/ia at nuptial festivities, *lhd-iia* Ld. for the king; *zeh-iia*, and *zim-na* Ld. a morning and evening se- renade with an accompaniment of drums; Hrims-kyi riid-bo <r brduits-te the beat or sound of the large proclamation drum (prop, law-drum) Glr. Comp. r/ta-syrd 1. sound of the drum, or kettle-drum 2. n. of a Buddha, = don- yod-grub-pa or Amoghasiddha. *na-lcdg* W., r/'ta-rdeg Sch., rna-dbyug Cs., rna-ydb Sch. drum-stick. rnd-pa a drummer ('., rna-dpon a chief drummer. rna-lpdgs drum -skin. rna-yu handle of a kettle- drum (the larger kettle-drums being held up during the play by means of a handle or stick). rna-siii the wooden body of a drum. Cs. rna-son kettle-drum music Sch. rna-rsdns (also rna-bsans) a loud beat or roll of the kettle-drum Sch. II. for rna-boti, and rnd-ma. _._. rnd-ba, pf. brhas, fut. brha, imp. rnos, to mow, to cut, to reap, O b>-u, or lo- tog zor-bas to cut the harvest with a sickle ; brtsds-ma brhds-pa the reaped corn; rfui- mKan the mower, reaper. rna-bon W., */ia-mon* C., camel, rim- yseb male camel, rhd-mo female ca- mel; a camel in general; rna-prug the young of a camel; rfta-rgod a wild camel; rha-bul camel's hair. F'ST r nd-ma \. tail. 2. in a special sense: yak's tail Mil. rnd-ma yyitg-pa Sch., *nd-ma tog-ce* (lit. skrog-pa) W., to wag the tail. rna-ydb 1. a yak's tail, used for fanning and dusting. 2. rna-ydb, and rna-yab-yzdn, n. of two fabulous is- lands in the south of Asia Cs. X.XZLX' rnan-cen Lex., C. and W., contempt, * disdain; *nan-cen jM-pa* C., *M- ce* W. to despise, contemn. ._... ,-iidn-pa I. sbst. 1 . reward, fee, hire, wages; n'ldn-jxi //t<i//-j><> the wages are high; riidn-pa sbyin-pa or ftoh-ba to ndb-pa r nod-pa pay wages; to bribe, to corrupt. 2. in C. at present a kind of sacrifice. II. vb. to reward, to recompense, perh. better brndn-pa. rndb-pa 1. (cf. rimm-pa) to desire earnestly, to crave, bkres-rhab-pa to be greedy, to have a craving appetite Lex. - 2. W. col. for rrtd-ba to mow; *ndb-sa* (lit. ndb-rtevci) W. grass or corn that is to be mown or cut. rndbs - rva Med., a hollow horn, used for sucking Sch. rndm-pa 1. sbst. (cf. dnoni), also rnam-brjid, rnom-brjid, splendour, magnificence, majesty, an appearance, com- manding awe or inspiring terror (but not = awe Cs.); rndm-pai nd-ro a voice of that kind; rndm-po, rndm-can adj. bright, shi- ning, grand, majestic. 2. vb., also rndms- pa, pf. brnams, to breathe, rndm-pa bde the breathing is regular Mng., frq ; rndm- pa fun short breath Sch.', esp. to breathe heavily, to pant, rndm-pa rgod wild puffing Med. ; c. dat. to pant for, to desire ardently, srog ycod-pa-la to be blood-thirsty Ma.', rndm-pai fsul-gyis greedily (devouring) Tltgr.; rndm-can adj. greedy, avaricious, covetous; *za-nam-pa* voracious, glutto- nous, ravenous W.; to rush upon, fly at, throw one's self on, fzdn-la on others Mil. ; to rage, to be in a fury; to destroy or murder in a state of fury ; mi pal-cer grir rnom (like grir ysod) the people are in numbers murdered by the sword Ma.; to call out in a rage, ces Kros-rnam-nas thus she called furious with rage Dzl.; rndms- pai (k'ro)-zal an angry face, wrathful look Glr. rnams height; in height Glr., rndms- su id. ^J" rnas, v. snas. " rnu pain, v. zug-rnu. No *n*CJ* rnub-pa, pf. (b) rnubs, fut. brnub, >o imp. rnubs, to draw in, dbugs air, mar into the nose Med.; to breathe Med.', dbugs rnub mi Q fon (?) is mentioned as a sign of great sadness and affliction Pth. aq- r/tul perspiration, sweat, rhul-cu id., NS esp. col.; rnul O du Med., O byun Dzl., rnul - cu O fon, *yoti*, col. perspiration is breaking forth; rnul O don-pa to cause to sweat or perspire Cs.; rnul-ba, pf. briml, to sweat, to perspire Cs. pn- rneu 1. also rneii-cun,rna-cuh, a little ^ drum, diminutive of rna. 2. the young of a camel, v. rna-mon. "Z? rno, is stated to be a kind of leprosy, s covering the whole body, of a whitish colour, itching very much, and contagious; *ito pog, gyab* he is affected with leprosy; rno-can leprous (cf. mdze). rno-ba to be able Cs., rno-tog-pa id., so Fouc. Gyatch. ftp, 9, *nob-ce* Ld.\ Sch. has: rno mi fog -pa to look at one with uncertainty, not being able to recog- nize; the passage of Mil. : rno ma fogs kyait is not to be explained by either of these significations; Lex.: rno mi fogs w.e. rnd-bag-can Cs. v. rnom-bag-can. d-len-pa to roast, fry, (?) Sch. v. rnod-pa. SW rn 9 1- a ls ze-rnog, the hunch or ' hump of an animal Lex., more esp. a hump consisting of fat (like that of the camel); fsil-rnog the fat around the kid- neys, suet Mil.; rus-kyi riiog Lex. w.e. 2. rnog(-md) the mane of horses etc. (not of the lion, v. ral-pd), rta-rhog a horse's mane, dre-rhog a mule's mane; dreu-rnog a kind of stuffed seat or mattress 6s., a thick-haired carpet Sch.; rnog-can, riwg- Idan having a mane; rnogs-cdgs a beast that has a mane Cs. 'i' r hod-pa I. pf. brhos, fut. brnod Cs. (perh. erron. for brno) imp. rnod, riios, W. *no-ce* 1. to parch (barley), ser tsam (to parch a thing) so that it turns yellowish Glr. 2. to roast, to fry e.g. meat in a pan. II. to deceive (ace. to Cs. rnon-pa to deceive wild beasts, to hunt); to seduce, esp. to sensual indulgence, bud-med Lex. ; similarly Tar. 39, 2. 135 r non-pa *! r non-pa 1. vb., pf. and fut. brfion, to hunt, pursue, wild animals (7s., iSeA.; to fish 6'. 2. sbst. a hunter, hunts- man Dzl. and Ler.; rnon-pa-mo a hunting woman, a huntress 6s. rnob-pa Ld. to be able, v. rno-ba. rhom-brjid (cf. rndm-pa 1) splen- dour, stateliness, majesty; r/zo'w- bag-can, also col. *ndm-jig-can*, grand, majestic; terrible, of a judge, of terrifying deities. (A sbst. r horn -bag = rnom-brjid Cs. prob. does not exist.) oj* ^a (-Ba/L */a*), fi ve > lnd-bcu(-fam-pa) ^ fifty; Ina-brgya five hundred; Ina-bcu- rtsa-ycig (W. *na-bcu-na-cig*} or na-fcig, fifty one etc.; Ind-pa the fifth, Ina-po con- sisting of five, cf. c&/w; Ind-ga Cs., Ind-ka Pth. all the five, each of the five. The number five very often occurs in legends, as well as in sacred science, v. the Index to Burn. II., and to Fouc. Gyatch. II. un- der 'Cinq'. Ina - ten, Ssk. tRfT*T n - of a country in the north of ancient India, sj- sna (TE[) a root signifying before, soon, ^ early, rarely referring to space, and seldom used alone as adj. or adv., e.g. Dzl. 93V", 8: O dd-ba ni lid- can yah sna ces-so deliverance (sc. from existence) takes place much too soon; na ni fern -pa sna bryal yin I was the foremost, the first, to cross the threshold Glr.; bstdn-pa sna dar bar dar pyi dar ysum the first, intermediate, and last propagation of the doctrine Glr.; gen. it is used with an adjective termina- tion, with postpositions, or in compounds. Deriv. snd-ba 1. adj. ancient, belonging or referring to former ages, rgya-ndg-gi rgydl-po snd-ba an ancient king of China Glr. ; of an early date, long ago, ... /as dd-lta snd-ba O dug-gam is it already a long time, since . . .? Mil.-, 2. sbst. antiquity, the olden time; the morning; = snd-dro, Mil. ; 3. vb. pf. snas, to be the first, to come first, to be beforehand, (ep&dvetv): rje-yi sku mfon na snd-bas as I was the first to see the king's face Glr. ; ^gran-fsig snds- pa yin you were beforehand with me in disputing Glr.; *Ka ne son* Sp. you pro- mised it. siid-bar in former times, for- merly, in the morning ; sail snd-bar to-mor- row morning Glr. s/id-ma adj. 1. earlier, former, preceding, afore-said, frq.; sitd-ma snd-ma always the anterior in time and place; snd-ma Itar, or bzin-du, as before, frq. 2. the first, the foremost in a series or succession Dzl.', Iddn-bai snd-ma she who takes the first turn in getting up Mil. - snd-mo i. earlier, by-gone; snd-mo-nas long ago Mil.; 2. W.: the morning, in the morning, *md nd-mo* early in the mor- ning, *fo-re nd-mo* to-morrow morning; also: early enough, in due time (opp. to * pi-mo*}. snd-ru v. snar, as a separate article. snd-na before, previously, (gen. snar is used inst. of it). snd - nas id., prop, of former times. Comp. snd-gon(-nas) adv. before, pre- viously, at first, a little while ago, just now Mil; formerly, = late, deceased, sna-gon yab your late father Glr. ; sna gon bod-kyi rgydl-po the earlier Tibetan kings Glr. siia-dgons morning and evening Sch. sna-snd very early Sch. sna-cdd formerly, hitherto, till now, up to this time Dzl., = sitan-cdd, snon-cdd. sna-^rtin-du earlier or later, not at the same time, e.g. bros- so they escaped Glr. sna - ltds omen, presage, prognostic; also the fate or destiny portended. siia-fog 1. forenoon. 2. the first-fruits of harvest Cs. sna-dus anti- quity, time of old. sna-Jro the morning, the earlier part of the forenoon, 'the time before the heat of the sun' ; snd-dro ytig- la in half a forenoon Glr. ; snd-dro dgoits- mo morning and evening Sch. v. above; san snd-dro to-morrow morning Mil. sna-pyi^ sooner or later, like sita-rtin-du v. above Dzl. frq. siid-rol time of old, past ages Cs.; shd-rol-tu before Tar. (cf. sii6n-rot). *nd-lo* W. last year. sna mgs dren-pa Cs.: 'the accenting of the first syllable'. sna-sdr early, SHU-MI r-sdr very early 6s. sna-s6r 1. in the first place, first of all, at first (cf. rtin-sor} Glr. 2. an- ciently, in old times 6s. 136 sna-sno yy sna-snd vegetables, greens Thyy. (v. * Zjcn'ri' snug-pa, also sndgs-pa, pf. bsnags, fut. bsitag, imp. snog, to praise, commend, extol; to recommend; O f/r6-bar snags it is recommended to go Wd/t.; bstod- sndg-pa to praise, to sing praises, frq. ; sndg-(pa-)po a praiser, commender, Cs.; snag - (par) ^os(-pa~), snag - Man praise- worthy; praised; also n. of the horse of Buddha Cs. snag-ysol praise, thanks. S*W s>m y s (f^ also 'STTWt & <T^) 1. incantation, magical formula, a set of words, consisting mostly of a number of unmeaning Sanskrit syllables, in the recital of which however perfect accuracy is requisite; hence detailed rules and in- structions for a correct pronunciation of the Sanskrit sounds have been drawn up for Tibetan devotees. (On magical formulas v. Burn. II., 21, and note; on Buddhist magic in general v. Was. 142. 177, Kopp.II., 29.) fzuns-siidgs, rig-sndgs, and ysan- sndgs prob. = snags. snags sgrub -pa, spel-ba, zld-ba, C. also *gydg-pa*, to recite, to pronounce charms, incantations; O cdn- ba, O dzin-pa, to carry (charms) about one's self. -- snags -kyi feg-pa Tantrayana, Mantrayona, v. feg-pa. snags-pa, sndgs- mKan, one versed in charms and their use, i.e. in orthodox and legitimate magic, as contained in the sacred books of religion. Opposed to this are nan-snags, itan-snags- mK'an, diabolical sorcerers and necroman- cers, and also common swindlers, jugglers, conjurers, fortune-tellers etc. 2. praise, encomium Cs. SC^T snans = dnans, v. dndn-ba Glr., Pth. ^r- snan, for sna, s/ton, e.g. s/tan - cad, V formerly, before, previously, beforehand, opp. to now Mil.; stian-cdd fo- tsams-pa bzod-par ysol pardon our former scoffing Mil.; esp. W.: *ndn-la* for s/ton-la, snar, before, previously; *hdn-ma* for shd-ma, *ndn-me gydl-po* the former or last king, *ndn-ma nan-tar* just as before. sndn-bu a medicinal herb, Wdn. 3^^ stiar, prop, snd-ru-, before, beforehand, ^ previously, formerly, at first; snar de byds-pai ^og-tu not until that has been previously done Dzl.\ snar med-pa, snar ma by c'ts -pa, snar ma skyes-pa what has not existed, or has not been done before, where we only say new, frq.; snar Ions get up first! DzL; sndr-bas kyan(l1iag-pdr} still more so than formerly, frq. ; sndr-gyi what has been hitherto in use, frq.; sndr- gyi yi-ge rnyin-pa-rnams the old writings of antiquity Glr.; snar yin-na adv. = snar Mil. ; snar Itar, snar bzin as before ; sndr- nas from before, from former times Mil.; also with reference to space: foremost, ahead, in advance, on, onward, joined to verbs of motion DzL; sndr-ba the former, first-mentioned (?). In the sense of a post- position (c. accus.) snar is used but seldom, as far as I know only in spyan-sndr. sndr-ma intelligent, quick of appre- hension Sch. w^j- stias a bolster, pillow, cushion; yo-bydd ^ stids-sti )ug-pa Glr., C. col. *yo-$h/ > - la he cug-pa* using the luggage as a pillow; snas-stdn, snas-Jbol, resp. dbu-snds pillow; rgyab-snds a cushion for the back; stias- mdl a couch constructed of pillows or cushions; snas- pdns (?) pillow, cushion Cs.; W. *nye* for *snas*. ^^I'^I* snds-pa v. stia-ba. ^r' snun, col. for snon; snun-la c. genit_ -S ' before, ago, like gon-du; *dd-wa ny/s- si nun- la* two months ago; * nun-la so/i* he walked in advance, or ahead; * nun- ma* former, last; *nun-ma-zag* W. two days before yesterday, *yan nun-zag* three days before yesterday. g*'J* snur-ba to Snore Lex. (cf. nur-ba). ^TQ- sneu Lex., Cs.: a kind of pulse or ^^ pease ; Sch. = mon-sran, v. greu. J& stio, a root signifying blue or green; as ^ sbst. plant, herb, vegetable, greens Mil.; sno skye-na when it is getting green or verdant. Comp. sno-skyd blue bice, pale blue, e.g. 137 briidd-pa the skin of emaciated persons Med.; *no gyan-gydn* W. greenish-yellow (spelling dubious). sno-sgd officinal herb, Wdn. (green ginger?) sno-ndd v. nad. sno- Ijdn bluish green. mo-tog Schr. 'unripe, sour, of fruits' (?); more corr. : green, un- ripe fruits. s/to - dregs green mud or mire Sch. stio-ndy deep blue. s//d-ba 1. vb. to get green, verdant; 2. adj., also srid-bo, more frq. snon-po, snon- mo blue, green, also used of the livid colour of dis- eased or famished people Glr. sno-smdn a medicinal herb. sno-fsdd vegetables; herbs. sno-16 the leaf of a plant; Cs.: 'stio - 16 O cdr-ba to become notorious'. - sno - satis pale blue e.g. of the sky; s/io- sd its-ma night Sch. Bfo* sno-ba, Cs. also snod-pa, pf. bstios, fut. bsno, imp. s/ios, 1. to become green Cs. 2, (Lex. xrftnR?) t b| ess, *no-wa gydb-ce* W., though in most cases as a requital for a present given; Dzl. 3Y V ^, 16: to bless, to pronounce a benediction, hence also in litanies the words of the priest seem to be indiscriminately called s/id-ba, whereas the responses of the congregation of monks are termed mfun- gijur; gene- rally: to dedicate, devote, e.g. one's pro- perty to the dkon-mcog ysum, i.e. in reality to the priesthood; dge-ba O gro-drug ddn- du s/ios, to devote alms, charitable gifts, to the (temporal and eternal) welfare of beings. ML; also to design, to intend, nd- la bs/ids-pai yyu the turkois intended for me (by you) ML; Dzl. 9V&, 3: sd-la Kdn-bu dan rin-po-cer bstids-nas rtse-ba, fancying the earth to consist of cottages and jewels, and thus playing with it. s'wy-pa Lexx., prob. pf. bsnogs, fut. bsnog, imp. snoys, to V6X, to annoy; cf. skyo-hogs, skyo-snoys. ^y. snon = siia and snan, formerly, before, previously; snon fos-na having formerly heard Dzl. ; stion mdh-du Kyer yan although you have taken a good deal with you be- fore; snon O dds-pai or byitn-bai dus-na in by-gone times, frq.; snon bcom-ldan- O dds a former Buddha Glr.] snon mi dbul- fin dc this man formerly poor Dzl.; bddg- las s/ion bddg-gi pa my father before me (has . . .); siton-gyi adj. former, last; s/'inn- ma the former (when two persons or things are spoken of), snon-^na^mams the former (persons or things) Glr.: beginning, ///-/>//; jiy-pai stion-ma Ihd-sa-la byds-te making a beginning with the destruction of the temples in Lhasa Glr.; stion-du adv. and postp., before, at the head, in advance, in the front of, sndn-du O gro-ba to go before or in advance, to precede, also of words and letters; sndn-du ojug-pa to put or place before, Gram.; snon-la = stion-du: K//on-la son walk first! ML; ston-pai sndn- du (he died) before the Teacher (Buddha) Tar.; sooner, earlier, before the time sup- posed, sndn-la fsdr-ro they were first in finishing (their task) Glr.; ^o-nd sndn-la O di pul cig oh yes, but first give me that Mil.; sridn-nas from a former time, from the beginning Mil. ; stidn-bzin as formerly Mil. Comp. *tio)i-8ky& the first-born, eldest son. snon-gro v. Q gro-ba compounds. siton-cdd, stion-cdd Dzl., v. man- cad. snon -Jug a prefixed letter Gram. - snon-dus, snon-fse antiquity; adv. anciently, in times of old. siion-byufi Cs. stion- rdbs. sndn-rdbs ancient race, ancient history, antiquity, q^TW- stion-rol (cf. snd-roV) former time or period, ma ytud- pai stidn-rol zig-tu formerly, in former times, when (the chair) was not yet trans- ferred (to . . .) Tar. dus nd-niii sdn- bai snon-rol-na a year ago (an expression with an unnecessary redundancy of words!) Ml. snon-lds former actions. ^s*' J<3T s/ion = stio, stidn-po, v. sno. ?ji'n* s ^ on ~ h* 1 n< ^ a me( iicinal plant, ^ '^ ace. to Cs. poisonous; in Lh. Del- phinium Cashmirianum, officinal. s/ion- bum Q. of a botanical work: 'the hundred thousand vegetables' Cs. bw'id-ba, v. r/id-ba. britdd-pa Sch.: 'ausziehen, aus- 138 br nan-pa brndn-pa, = rndn-pa sbst. Glr., vb. Lex. brndb-pa 1. Sch. = brndd-pa. 2. Z/&ZT. = rndb-pa, rnams-pa. bsndl-ba to be faint or exhausted 6s.; v. sdug-bsndl. bsnfis-pa to place upon a cushion Sch. $tw-ba 1. v. sno-ba. 2. a blessing, cf. sno-ba. 3. 6s. also: mouldy, rotten (prob. only livid, discoloured, v. siio). 15J*n* ^ ^ ca 1. the letter <\ tenuis, palatal, like the Italian ci in ciascuno, or c in ci- cerone. 2. as numerical figure: 5. - 3. = lea excrement, alvine discharges , ca O dor-ba to discharge excrements Mil. ca-cir lark Ld. ca-cus warped, distorted, awry Sch. N3 TV^ ca-cd clamour, cries, snywi fsim-gyi ca-co shout, exclamation of joy Pth. ; noise, of many people Thgy.; da cd-i-o ma zer now do not make such a noise! (so Mil rebukes the aerial spirits); chirping, twitter Glr.- cd-co-can shouting, bawling; talkative, loquacious Stg. cd-dar, also fsd-dar, tsd-sar, a sheet, blanket, toga. ca-ra-rd, or ci-ri-ri, W. * 'car -pa ca-^ra-rd yon dug*, it rains heavily, it is pouring. 3^' ca-ri W. bug. 1 5*^,* ca-re continually, always = car. ^cn cag termination of the plur. of pers. ' pronouns. &&-&&& cartilage, gristle; snai cag-krum bridge of the nose. cag-dkdr W. quartz. CTOT 1 -pa, = ny- ra byed-pa, c. /a, to take care of; *cdg-ga ddy-po jhe' -pa* to look after, to keep, preserve carefully; *cdg-ga ddg-po* careful, orderly, regular, tidy, of persons. Ld. cag-cdg, cdg-pa smacking in eating 6s. cag-cer-re closely pressed or crowded, in standing or sitting cay-rdo = cag-dkdr W. Tp- caw, (v. cia-n, ci-yan), every thing, any thing whatever, can-ses knowing every thing, epithet of deities or saints; more frq. followed by a negative particle and then signifying: nothing; *caii mi sto* it does not matter, it is indifferent (to me), frq.; *can med* there is nothing here, or at hand; also = *can mi sto; can mi ses- fcan* ignorant, stupid; blockhead, simpleton. -rr*cn* can - teu Glr., also can -can -tew a sort ^ sma " drum Pth. gr' can, affix, adjective termination, prop. ' signifying: having, being provided with, = dan Iddn-pa, corresponding to the Eng- lish adj. terminations -ous, -y, -ly, -ful, e.g. fser-ma-can thorny; sometimes also = -like or -ish: bon-can Bon-like, heretical Mil., hm-du-can Hindoo-like, Hindooish; seldom affixed to verbs: byed-pa-can a doer, maker; in C. also for the possessive pron. : nd-can, ko-can, my, his (her), *naa- gofi sd-hib-cen* the Sahib's inkstand. It may also be affixed to a set of words that form one expression: fser-ma ndn-po-can having sharp thorns, seii-gei mgo-can having a lion's head. 139 can __. can, po., prop, cdn-du, postp. c. accus., to, with, Ron cdn-du mi O gro I do not go to him Mil.., l*tli. ; ha cdn-du with me, in my presence Mil. The word seems to be rather obsolete; more recent editions having gdn-du and drun-du instead of it. can-cil (?) W. the green shell of a walnut. ne, Sch.; a small bowl or dish; Cs. : continually. * can-dvdn green, unripe W. (?). caw-sa (?) kitchen, fire-place W. cab-cob Cs. nonsense e.g. smrd-ba. w- c-flww 1. Cs. slow; Lor. cdm-gyis Jog, and several other passages, the sense of which is not quite clear; cf. cam-me. - 2. glistening, glittering (?) cf. Icam-me. 3. W. whole, unimpaired, *sa* (foY. rftwa) * cam-me yod* the whole store of hay is still left (entire). < 3f cdm-pa-td-lo Ts. mallow. .j. cam-pod Ld. a bunch of flowers, sprigs etc., a handful of ears of corn. 3^- car 1. Lex. car-re, Cs. ca-re, Sch. also car-mdr, always, continually Cs. 2. also car, cdr-du, with numerals, esp. ycig- car at the same time, simultaneously, opp. to one after the other, successively (viz. doing or suffering a thing, sleeping, dying etc.) Dzl.; at once, on a sudden, opp. to gradually Mil; Ind-car all the five to- gether Thgy., fnyis-car, drug-car etc. car-ras v. doms-ras. jfjj- cal Cs.: 'noise, cal-cal id.; cal-rgyug rumour, (false) report'; cal -col idle talk, nonsense, cal-col ?tam id. M7. x$$T cas Pw., v. crs 2. 5^*^|' COS-CMS >ScA. = ca-cws. N5 ^y ^" a num. figure: 35. ^- ci I. interr. pron. in direct questions: 1. what? (6'. gen. yat'i instead of ci) ci ses (like the Hind, qfgj ^j%) wno knows? col. VT. ; also pleon. at the end of a question after the. .. am: na no-ses-sam ci? do you know me? do you? Dzl; cii of whom? whose? followed by pytr, don, Zed, slad (-du): why? wherefore? inst. of cii pyir also ci - pyir etc. ; de cii pyir ze - na 'this wherefore? (= why this?) if so it is asked'. (This phrase, besides the gerundial particles - esp. pas is the only way in which in B. the causal conjunction 'for' (Lat. nam, enim) can be expressed, and in translating into Tibetan, the English con- junction must therefore often be altogether omitted.) cii O brds-bu what sort of fruit? cii ri what kind of a mountain? i.e. of what consisting? Pth.; ci also, like an adj., is placed after the word to which it belongs : rgyu ci-las for what reason? on what ac- count? Tligy. 2. why? wherefore? but only in negative questions : bddg-la des ci ma cog why should not that suffice me? Thgy.\ ci mi sgrub why do you not pro- cure . . .? inst. of the imp. procure! MiL; bsdm-na ci ma legs if you considered . . . , why would not that be a good thing? = you had better consider, you ought to consider Mil', frq.: de Jbyim-na ci ma run if that happened, why should it not be desirable? = would that it happened! oh, may it happen! 3. how? in conjunction with other words, v. below. 4. inst. of a note of interrogation, e.g. in: ci ynan, for yndu-iiam, ysegs-par ci ynait do you allow (me) to come? Dzl <&V, 13; ^S, 5. II. correlatively : which, what; what- soever; every thing, much like gan, q.v., esp. the syntactical explanations given there. c/, as a correlative, ought prop, always to be written )i, yet not even in decidedly correlative sentences is this strictly ob- served: ci byed^-nct-^an) whatever I may do Glr.; ci bgyi bka nyan(-te} ned-kyis bsgrub whatever we may be bidden to do, we shall obediently perform Pth.; ci myur, also cimyur zig-la Pth. as quick as possible; 140 bi-lim also ci alone: by all means, at all events, spyan ci drans he must be conducted here at all events Glr. Comp. and deriv. bi-ga what? col. - bi-dyar, ci dyd-bar whatever one may wish, at pleasure, ad libitum. ci snyed \. snyed. *bi ton* (lit. )to/t) *ziy* some, something col. ci Ita-bu of what sort, manner, fashion, quality or nature? Lat. qualis. ci Itar how? in what manner? what? da ci Itar bya, W. *da ci bo-be*, what is now to be done? h Itar gywr-pai ytam byds- so he related what had happened, frq. bi-ste, followed by na or (rarely) fc, in most cases = the Lat, sin, but if, if however; even supposed that; sometimes for gdl-te, if, in case. ci sto what does it matter? si yah ci sto if he dies, what does it matter? Thyy. (cf. can). bi- Q dra-ba similar to what? of what kind? also: of whatever description it may be Glr. H-nas from which or what? out of which or what? by which? etc. (Bal.: *ci-ne* how?), et- nas kyan = bis kyan q. v. ci tsam how much? B., W.; ci tsam yod kyan though he have ever so much Mil. ; ci tsam - du how far? to what distance? bi-tsug Cs., col. *bi-zug, gd-zug* how? in what manner? - ci zig l. what? what a? 2. some one, any one, something, anything ; ci zig-tu dyos for what (purpose) is it wanted? Dzl.', ci zig-na once, one time, at any time Pth.; ci ziy-nas after that, afterwards Pth. ci yan, ci-an, can whatever, any thing, all kinds of things, *hul yo-na fson-yyu ci yan yo* C. if there is money, you may sell any thing; followed by a negative: nothing. ci rigs-pa adj., ci rigs-par adv. 1. in some measure, to a certain degree; in part, partly Tar.; 2. of every sort Dzl. and elsewh. ci-la why? wherefore? Glr., W. col. ; also for the de bii pyir ze-na of B. ; further it is used inst. of an affirmative; e.g. question: shall \ve get rice there? answer: *fob yin\ ci-la mi fob* of course, why not? * ci-la zu* why! well! S^T bi-lim (Hind. ^ 1. the bowl of a hukka (water-pipe). 2. a hukka. 5'eb* bi-tse Kun., also tse-tse, millet. |$qr big, enclitic, a modification of ybig, ' after s usually changed into sig, after vowels, and the liquids n, n, m, r, I into zig (exceptions, however, in provincialisms and in literature are not unfrequent) 1. after nouns, the indefinite article a, or a few, when following after a plural; some- times also untranslatable: bud-med-dag cig some women; mdn-po zig many (some- times expressly opp. to mdn-po, the many, Tar. 7, 15); gan zig v. gan; a little, some, sin zig O fu-ru ^gro dgos I must go and pick up some fire -wood Mil.; after in- finitives: Krims dan Q gdl-ba zig byed-pa to commit a trespass, to make one's self guilty of a transgression Dzl. ; fse O pos-pa grdns-med-pa zig myan he suffered innu- merable deaths Dzl. ; it is even added to numerals, and not only when 'nearly', 'about' or similar words leave a given number undefined (nii Ina tsam zig some five people), but also in sentences like the following : cu - mig bzi zig yod there are four springs or fountains. In all these cases, however, it may also be omitted. The numeral for 'one' ought always to be written ybig and never big, but prefixing the y is so often neglected (e.g. in fobs big-tu, lhan big etc.) that even grammarians let it pass. 2. when affixed to verbs (to the root of the imp. mood, or, in ne- gative sentences, to the root of the present tense) it is a sign of the imperative. In ancient literature it is used without re- ference to rank, whether it be in making prayers to Buddha, or in giving orders to a servant; at present in C. only in the latter way ; in W. it is of rare occurrence. , particle, the initial letter of w T hich is changed ace. to the rules ob- taining for big ; it corresponds to the English participle in ing, is used in sentences be- ginning with when, after, as, and is affixed to verbal roots and adjectives, in the latter case including the auxiliary verb to be: yson-por dur-du bbug-cin bui sa zd-bar 141 ; cur yyur-ciy (= bcuy-nas, or bcuy-ste) may I, after having been buried alive, be obliged to eat my own son's flesh! Dzl.] usually however employed in the minor clauses of accessory sentences: bros-sin ydb-pas having hid themselves after running away Dzl. ; frq. also where coordinate ideas are in English connected by and or but: sd-la zd-ziil Krdy - la O fun - ba eating flesh and drinking blood; ce-ziii legs-pa tall and well- shaped; drod ynod-cin bsil-ba pan heat is hurtful (but), cold is beneficial Lt. It is also used like the ablative of the gerund in Latin: nya bsdr-zin O fso-o we live by fishing (piscando) Dzl. ; and - kyin (q.v.) : ri-la drah-sron byed-cin O duy-yo he sits on the mountain acting the part of an anchorite Dzl. ; smre-siidys O d6n-cin O duy he sits wailing Dzl. ; ran-dydr O yro-zih yda he is wandering at pleasure Mil. ; ces smrd-zin yod- pa-la as they were thus speaking Glr.; cos stdn- cin yod-pai fse as he was just giving re- ligious instruction Tar. 11, 12. '^* ciu-ri n. of a female demon Their. STX- 3'X' t"i r > ci-ru, termin. of ci, 1. ^ whereto etc., little used. 2. with i/at'/: everywhere, in every direction, for any purpose, by all means, with a negative : nowhere (so at least it is to be explained in several passages of Pth. and ^r cw, instr. of ci, cis yid-ces-par O gyur by what am I to believe it? what shall make me believe it? whereby can I know it to be true? Dzl.; cis kyaii mi skrdy-pa yin he is not to be frightened by any thing Dzl. ; cis kyah , and ci - nas kyah frq. used as adv.; by all means, at all events, at any rate, cis kyaii O yr6-na if you wish to go by all means, at all hazards; da cis kyah yeys byao now I will at any rate play him a trick Dzl. ; i-is ///</ '/ bzes-pa zu I beg of you most earnestly to accept it Mil.', cis kyan slobs never mind! teach it me at any rate! Pth. g- cu 1. num. figure: 65. 2. inst. of bcu, NO used in compound numerals for the tens, w r hen the preceding numeral ends with a consonant: sum-<-n, <li'ti<i-l-n, Ixlun- cu, bryyad-cu. ^qin- cu-yah Med., Cs.: 'a sort of lime NO ' used for medicine'. cu-ti (?ycu-ti) pig-tail, cue, worn by NO ' boys and men in Tibet proper, I A. and Sp. Cf. co-to. ^q- 3fr '' U ~ 11 ' ''' 1 ' 1- ^ ' a fresh a P ricot - 2. C. dried apricots without stones. 3. a sort of wild-growing vege- table Sik., C. cu-li ta-yir the pulp of apricots boiled down to a conserve and formed into cakes W. bun-cu-li a kind of peach Kim. cuy-cuy cay-cdy ScJt. 3. cun 1. ('. gourd, pumpkin. 2. n. of NO a place. 3. for c'uii ziy: da l, : y<><! cun jpyis-pa yin you are a little too late now Pth.; cun yo-ba a little slanting Glr. NO NO NO zad, ciiii-zad, a little, B. and 6'., mu-ye cun-zad cig a partial famine Mil.; cun-zad-kyi pyii' for the sake of a trifle, through an insignificant circumstance Dzl. 9?V, 15 ; some, Lat. non- nulla, of rare occurrence, Was. (242); cun ziy skyeii - bar yyur - nas rather ashamed, somewhat confounded Glr.; cun-ziy pdn- nam blta I shall see, whether it will help, or has helped, a little Mil; a little while, a short space of time, cun-zad ciy sdod ciy wait a little (while) Dzl. When followed by a negative, it may either be trans- lated as in: cun-zad ma bde-ba a little unwell, uneasy etc. Mil., or as in: dlmii cuii-zad med, there is not even a slight possibility = there is uo possibility at all I tli. and elsewh. 3"(& cuii-zo, also cun-zu, (-un-zi, ycon- NO ' zi, a kind of white stone. ^q. cub W., from the Hind, ^q , *rub NO nid-de duy* he keeps silence, holds his peace. 3^. cur, in cur mid -pa to devour food so entire 6W<. 142 cur-ni "J' cog-pa 3^"|J' cur-ni meal, flour, only in medical NS ^ writings. \5* ce numer. figure: 95. ' cig}, in st. of ces smrd- na, 'if one says SO, asks so' etc., after words literally quoted, frq. (W. *zer-na*). 'fP" ce-spydn jackal. 9 g-^- :^' w-re, cer-re envious, jealous, mig ce-re (cer-gyis Thgr.. h'r- te Glr.) ltd - ba to look with an evil or envious eye upon: ce-re lon-ba dim-sighted, purblind C's. cem-me-ba bright, shining, of polished metal Glr., cf. fcrd-bo. cem-tse scissors C. YQ- ceu 1. a small sucking-pipe for drinking ^ the Murva-beer, in which millet grains are swimming Sik. (v. Hook. I., 175). - 2. a clyster-pipe. ^" cer, v. ce-re. ^j- ces 1. (Lex. ^f?0, also ses and zes (cf. ciy) SO, thus, in ancient literature regularly placed after words or thoughts that are literally quoted, and so continuing the sentence; the quotation itself is gen. preceded by Q di skdd-du, or O di mydm-du. In later literature ces and the introductory words are often omitted, in col. language always. Inst. of ces smrds-so, ces ysiins- so, so he said, thus he spoke, so has been said or spoken, so it is said, often only ces-so is used, and in like manner ces-pa for ces smrds-pa, this word, this speech; ces-pa-la sogs-pa these and similar words; ces-pa O di yan also the preceding poem (is written by him); snyun zes -pa ndd-kyi min yin the word snyun is a term for 'disease' Zam. ; zes(-pa) dan 'such, and', if a quotation is followed by another, where we say 'further', 'moreover'; ces-pa-la after words have been quoted, which form the subject of further discussion; ces byd-ba, or ces-pa the so called, frq. after names; i-es-su rarely for ces. 2. ace. to the usual spelling and pronunciation (ces, ce) of the Lamas oiLd. it is the ordinary termination of the infinitive in W. (in Pur. and Bal. cos, in Kun. ca), though etymologically as yet not accounted for: sometimes used also as a sbst. or adj. i.e. partic. : bsdd- ces killing, bsdd-ces yin it is to be killed ; skye-ces pregnant, v. skye-ba. ^ co 1. num. fig.: 125. 2. co- dri-ba Lex., ., to blame, reproach, slight; to vie with. 3frjr M-ffa, lco-ga Mil. lark (not " ' common in Tibet). ' cd-ger(?'), co-ger bzugsGlr., W.vulgo: *co-gan dug* he sits motionless. c^ co-to, also co-ti, C's.: a tuft of hair t>n the head, thus Lex. : co-toi for- cog (= cu-tif); cf. Ican-lo. &*\' co-ri = cor, can co-ri Lex. (?). co-li = cu-li. co - lo the prattling or chattering of little children Mil. ; cf. cd-co. 3gji* cogCs.: a plural-sign; Schr. all (people). ' This, or a similar original meaning of the word is also to be traced in an expression usual in Ld.: cog-mdo a place where three roads meet, v. mdo; cf. also cag. When affixed to a word, it must be preceded by the vowel o, the final con- sonant of the root being at the same time repeated. Affixed to verbs, it seems to convert them into participles: ^ohs-so-cog- la Dzl ?\*, 6, to those arrived, to the (persons) arrived, yi?i-no-cog, yod-do-cog those being, existing (things or persons); C's.: yces -so -cog things that are valuable, precious, to a man. 'J' cog-cog-pa W. grasshopper, cricket. t nave leisure cog-na yon go if you have leisure, come! *cog- ka* leisure, *dhe-rin cog-ka me'* to-day I have no leisure; *cog-ka )he* is an affirmative answer, when having been asked for some little service, something like: well, I'll do it. 143 ycig cdg-bu a sort of small tent Cs. cog-tse, v. Icog-tsc. coy-la-ma a mineral (?) Jl/t' ^r- con 1. Lex. a musical instrument, Schr. : a bell. 2. .Af7: con-la skyur- ba to push one down a precipice in order to kill him (the only meaning the context here will admit); cf. tson-don. 3. v. fcon. con-ci a small bowl or dish Sch.; v. can-ce. ' con- con jagged, indented, serrated. coii-mo, col. for Icun-mo. con-ba, Pth.: nu- bod cofi-ba ace. to the context: to raise loud la- mentations, wailings (at funerals); perh. etymologically connected with co-nes. Cf. fcon-skad. 5C*(3* con-zi = cun-zo. rr'sfr* con-ron, perh. = coil-con, Mil. cofi- ron tser-ma. cod-pan, IttZ, ornament for the head, worn by kings, tiara, diadem, crown; the crest of gallinaceous birds. cob-ddr Ld.-Glr., Schl. p. 29, a (?). 5z:Tnr- 3X'3cn- cor-gdn, cor-cig a mouth- 1 fill, a gulp, a little Sch.; cf. c'0-m col-cun Thgy. childish prattle or babbling. 5J' f ca 9 s -P a ! to apprehend, to grasp (with the understanding), to impress, gen. with yid-la, on the mind, e.g. the doctrine Dzl. ; also bka nan-ycdgs cen-po yndn-ba to give a thoroughly solid, impressive instruction; ycdgs-po byed-pa yc'dys-pa; with additional force: *do cdg- po )he'-pa* C. to impress (to one's mind) as firm as a rock. 2. relative to per- sons it is synon. to cdgs-pa to love. fcdn-po, W. *sdfi-po* clever; lively, sprightly; W. also attentive to, re- gardful of; ycdn-po drun-po clever and sagacious A///., ycaii-driiii Iddn-pa id. 7V//. ; hence also ycaii sbst. sagacity, cleverness; Ka-ycdh clever words, clever speech Cs.' cf. also Ka-sbydh\ W.: *sah co-ce* to watch for; to keep guard, to watch; *sah-rig co- ce* to be very attentive, to listen with fixed attention, *sdn-rig-can* , C. *cdh^rig- cen* very attentive; W.: *san skill -ce* 1. to exhort, admonish 2. to wake, to rouse from sleep; *cos-si san-skul tdn-ce* to give religious exhortations, to hold parenetic lectures. fcdd-pa, v. f cod-pa. 3,5- fcan-(f)zdn frq. beast of prey, 1 Lat. /era, but more in a systematic sense, so that the cat, and even the dog may be included; Glr. po. yban- (y)zdn fd-ma 'the last of the beasts of prey', the cat. fcdm-bu Cs. humbleness, servility, flattery, Sch. also untruth, lie ; ycdm- bui nag, or tsiy a servile speech; ycdm- bu smrd-ba to speak submissively Stg. (not much used). f car -ba 1- Sch.: cut Out, put Out, knocked out, e.g. miy an eye (cf. bcar-ba. 2. Mil? ycdl-ba, fcdl-du bkrdm-pa to spread, display, lay out e.g. precious stones, jewels, on a table, on the ground, Glr., also Lex. _g._. yci-ba 1. vb. v. ycid-pa. 2. sbst. = ycin; bsah fci both kinds of alvine discharges. Dzl. ycig, num. one; fcig kijan even but one; one and the same, dus ycig-tu, at the same time (whereas dus cig-na once, one day, which however is also written dus ycig-na); ycig byed-pa to unite (vb. n.), to join (in an act), to act in concert; sole, alone; dear, beloved, yob ycig dear father! Glr. : sin - tu yduii - bai ma ycig my own (only) beloved mother! somebody, some one Dzl., feu) . . . ycig the one the other, somebody or other, very frq. : ycig-gis ycig, ycig -la ycig etc. one another, each other frq.; mi-ycitj('. differing, different. 144 yhd-pa Comp. and deriv. ycig-ka single, only, opp. to several, Mil. ycig-car, ycig-car v. car. ycig-cig, pronounced *cig-cig*, a certain, some one, cis' T<C, slob -ma -las ycig-cig Dzl.; bud-med ycig-cig Dzl. 3VL, 5 (where Sch. has cig-ycig erron.); yUg-ycig, pronounced *cig-cig*, 1. one at a time; separately, alone, esp. W.; 2. of the same kind, not different W. (v. Fouc. Gram, p. 21. 42), 3. adv. by one's self, only, solely W. ycig-cog all-sufficient Glr. fdg-nyid Cs. 'unity' (?) ycig-tu 1. into one, into one body, together, fdg-tu sdu-ba to unite e.g. six countries, Dzl.\ to contract, to simplify C. 2. at once, wholly, altogether Dzl. %2>, 3; 3. firstly, in the first place, ycig-tu-ni\ then follows ynyis-sti-ni etc. Dzl. 4. only, solely Tligy. ycig-du unity and plurality, ycig-du-brdl not having these two qualities Was. (308). ycig-pa 1. the first Wdn. (little used). 2. having etc. one, cf. dgu. 3. of one kind, not different or manifold, tni- ycig-pa different B. and C. ycig-pu (also tcig-bu?) alone, Single, ycig-pus mi ston tub -pa to be able to cope alone with a thousand men Dzl.; ycig-pur lus-pa to remain alone behind Glr.; only, sole, bu ycig-pu the only son, frq. ycig-po \. alone, rgydl-po ycig-po skyes-pa yin the king alone is a man, Dzl. 2. being one, or the one, ma ynyis-la skyes-pai bu yciq- / *7 J it/ po thou (being the) one son of two mothers, viz. claimed by two, Glr. 3. Pur. the one - the other. ftig-sos the other, when speaking of two. *r ycid-pa, also yci-ba, pf. ycis, fut. yet, imp. ycis, to make water, to piss. ycin urine, ycin y ad-pa, or yci-ba, W. tdn-cc, to make water; ycin sor urine is discharged involuntarily; ycin- rkydg, both discharges, vulg.; ycin- gdg the retention of urine Med.; ycin-snyi gonorrhoea, clap(?) Med. yciu 1. clyster -pipe = ceu\ yci-ui sman clyster Lex. 2. clyster '(?) Cs. q- ycil-ba to spoil, to destroy Sch. ycer-lnt , Icu-ba, v. y cud-pet' ycu or Icu-Jcor Cs., yhi-skor W., ycm-bu Ts., screw. ycu-ti v. cu-ti. ycu-doii screw-box Cs. e-M^rrf^ importance, Cs. yciigs-pa, prob. not different from ycdgs-pa. The word oc- curs in : yid(-la) ycugs^-pa) beloved, a friend Dzl. ; mdza - ycugs byed - pa to treat ami- cably Wdn. ; Kon-fciigs having conceived a hatred Lex. ycun-po, resp. a younger brother. ycud? ycud-(ld) J)6r(-ba) LCXJC. w.e. ; Sch.: to forsake, to cast out, to re- ject; (cog. to cud-zdn?) '^I" y cud-pa, Icud-pa, pf. ycus, to turn, turn round, twist, twine, plait, braid; *cud log tdn-ce* W. to untwist, untwine a rope; *cus zum tdn-te nol dug* W. they wrestle and scuffle (prop, they fight scuff- ling); *sen cus gydb-ce* W. to press and bore with the knuckle ; *cus - spu* a low expression for the hair; lag-pa ycus Zam.f -_.. ycun-pa, secondary form of ^un- >o ^ |>a, Lexx. : rtsdd-nas ycun-pa, prob. to subdue completely; ycur-zifi ycun-pa prob. to beat or press a thing until it is soft. ycur-ba, secondary form of a)u>'- 6a; ycur-pe Ld. a coarse sort of vermicelli. ;//-// to esteem, to hold dear, to love Sclt. ycen (Cs. ycen-po) resp. Cs.: one's elder brother Dzl. ?AS, 11; ace, to Zam.: first-born son. ycer-ba v. bccr-ba. ycer-bu naked, col., also Mil; ycer- nydl id.; Run.: *cer-g6g*\ resp. sku ycer-bu; ycer-bu-rnams O gdbs-par byed- pa yin-pa being one that covers the naked Stg.; ycer-bur O bym-pa to make naked, to strip Pth.; ycer-bu byuh-ba, W. *cer-nydl fon-ce* to show one's self naked; ycer- 145 y ccs- j> bu-pa, ycer-nyal-mttan Mil. (Ssk. nirgran- tha a naked man, gymnosophist; cos-sku ycer mfon-du grol-bas having been deliver- ed so far as to see the cos-sku (v. sku) unveiled Glr. r<-'fa-P a ( L h. *se-pa-*} dear, belov- ed, ... Itar yces-na yafi although he is to me as dear as ... Glr.; ried-kyi mi yces-pa a man dear to us, our beloved, our darling Mil. ; fees-ma a favourite, sweet- heart Cs. ; j-ces -pruy dear child Mil. ; ex- cellent, precious, valuable, sin-tu fces-pai It/a the five important letters (viz. the pre- fixed letters) Glr.; ses-pa yces it is of im- portance to know Med.; often as super- lative : jig rten O di-na yces-pa rah-srog yin the dearest thing in the world is one's own life Pth. ; yces-par byed-pa Sty., O dzin- pa Glr. c. accus , W. : *se -pa eo-ce* gen. with the dat., to hold dear, to love, to esteem, persons or things, but not appli- cable to the deeper affections of the heart. yces-bsdus Lex. w.e.; yces-btus Cs. choice pieces (out of books). ycog-pa, pf. bcag, imp. %(), W. *cdg-ce*, imp. *coy* trs. to O cdg- pa, to break, dum-bur to pieces; to break off, or asunder; to smash, a glass; to crack, nuts; to burst; split, blast, a gun, a rock; fig. : to break, to violate, a promise, a vow, a law etc. frq., yab-kyi bka bcdy-tu mcd the word of my father may not be violated (by me) Glr. ZTK' ^36*<3K* I'"' Yfoii-ndd, COnsump- ' tion, phthisis, ycon-cen dmu-cu prob. dropsy in the chest or in the pericardium Med.; gen. any chronic disease *coh-la fs//' ma son-iiam* C. it has not taken a chronic turn, has it? also fig.: *sem con-po dug* C. the heart is sick, af- flicted. _tg..-. fcdn-skad Lex., Sch.: lamentations, wailings , plaintive voices , cf. ycoii-ba. fcon-ba 1. pf. bsoiis, to excavate, wash out, undermine through the action of water, tur-du y con-bar mi yyur- ro they are not undermined (by the water) Stg.; ycon-roii a narrow passage, a defile Cs. 2. from yco/i, to get faint, languid, wearied in mind, C. "^' ycon-zi, v. co/l-:i. cn^r'^r* ycod-pa, pf. bead, fut. ycad, imp. cod, W. *cdd-ce*, imp. *cod* 1. to cut, cdd-bya ycod-pa secanda secare Gram.', to cut asunder, fann-fmul-tlu into small bits; to cut off, chop off, the hands; to cut down, to fell, trees; to cut out, tbe tongue Dzl; to rend asunder, to break, a thread, a rope , chains, fetters. 2. to cut off fig.: cu, the water, by damming it out, frq.; to reduce, the wages; to cure, a disease; to suppress, a passion; to discontinue, to give up, zan, zas, eating i.e. to abstain from food, to fast; srog, to kill, to murder, frq.; to Stop a thing in its origin, to obviate, prevent, avert ; to avoid ; to lock, the door, frq.; . . . kyi, or la, bdr-du j'cod-pa to throw obstacles in a person's way, to hinder, impede, frq.; srog-la bdr-du yeod-pa de-dag all these life-endangering beings Glr.; (for more examples refer to bar}; to sfop, to make a pause, in reading, sad yon-na drdg-por bcdd-pa making a marked stop, when there is a, shad, Gram.; mam(-par} ycdd(-pa), or bcad^-pa), section, paragraph ; stop, pause; yoits-ycdd id. Gram.; fo de- cide , ces bead - do thus he decided Dzl. ; Krims, or (Dzl.} zal-ce, to pass sentence or judgment; to judge, condemn, cf. also fag -ycod-pa. 3. to cross (little used), eu-bo grii-yis a river in a boat Glr. 4. rjes ycod-pa to follow the track, used both of men and dogs; *mdr-dzi? (to follow) the smell of butter (viz. of roast-meat), *kyur-dzi co'-pa* C. to follow the sourish smell (viz. the smell of beer) ; (f)sar- (also tsar Pth.} } cod -pa to search into, to in- vestigate, to examine or study thoroughly Ld.-Glr. Schl. p. 20, b. cdd-pas ycod- pa and other phrases v. under the re- spective noun. - *<'!> '-fait* ( . the Tibetan rupee, having lines (radii} of division mark- ed, by which they may be cut into smal- ler pieces. Note: In some phrases the 10 146 spelling of ycod-pa and the assonant verbs spyod-pa and dpyod-pa is variable. ^' am > * d<ww ' P ride ' nau 9 nti ' ness, arrogance, bskyun-ba to put it off, give it up l&xx.\ bcom eun- hus Tar. 20, 6 despondingly, low-spirited; gros-ycom Lex. obs. or prov. for gros-bcdm, v. O cdm-pa. fcor-ba to spread, scatter, disperse Cs. bcdg-pa v. )> cog-pa and O cdg-pa. ?A. : 'bcan-rgya-cen-po com- prising much, comprehensive, very extensive; bcah-rgydr mdzad-pa resp. to apply one's self, to bestow pains upon'. bcdd-ka W. a whole that has been cut into, or a piece cut off. -l^r bcdd-po W. something old, torn, worn out q3q*]* bcdb-ya v. O cab-pa. bcam-bcom Sch. : trivial things, medley, hodge-podge. bcd-sga v. sga. bcd-ba 1. v. cd-ba. 2. sbst. drink- ing; gen. used connected with bza- ba; bcd-ba dan bzd-ba, or bza-bea food and drink. 1>ca- prdn Mil, declivity, pre- cipice Sch. bca-mdg, the usual pronunciation of Icags-mag. bcdr-ba 1. =bcir-ba to squeeze, to press in a press Thgy.; to crowd, to throng, *ydr-la bear* 6'., stand (or sit) more closely together ! 2. to pull or force from, to wrest Cs. 3. Lexx.: mig bcdr- ba the same as in year-miff ('?). 4. >ScA. : logs bcdr-ba to prop sideways. 5. /Sc^. : 6cav bzugs-pa to have a permanent resi- dence (this would however be more cor- rectly expressed by car). 6. bcdr-bai rta- bcibs, and lan-bcdr? Lexx. w.e. bcdl-ba v. connected with, having, possessing, containing a thiug, with dan or terrain, (the latter in prose only when a second dan, signifying 'and 1 , occurs in the sentence); gerunclially: bcds-te, sometimes also beds- pas or bcds- xi/'t: adverbially: beds - su frq. ; Jcor dan bcds-pa^-te, -su) with attendance, with a retinue or suite, frq.; bu-mo bcu bod-blon dan beds-pas skor-te surrounded by ten vir- gins together with the Tibetan ambassa- dors Glr. ; btsun - mo dan srds - su beds - te with (his) wife and son Git: ; gos dan bcds- su (to go into the water) having one's clothes on Dzl. ; zal Q dzum-pa dan beds-te with a smiling face Gb'.\ ser-sna dan beds- pa infected with, subject to, avarice; with- out dan or teriuin. (esp. po.); Jcrul-bcas infatuated, fascinated Pfh.', O bni-fdn fun bcas together with a small parcel of Du- tan tea ; it is also, like mams, a collective sign, used in enumerations, referring to several nouns, Wdn., or like la-sogs-pa and other (things), and more (such things), and the like : I'yyays dan bcas bskydl - lo provisions and other necessaries we shall supply Mil. bcin-ba, fut. of O cin-ba to bind. bcins-pa, pf. of O ciii-ba to bind. Both verbs (bein-ba and beins- pci) are also used as substantives: bonds, fetters, whether of a material, spiritual, or magical nature. bcib(s)-pa v. O ctb-pa; Sch. also: carriage, conveyance. beir-ba v. cir-ba. beds-pa 1 . originally pf. of O cd-ba, little used. 2. adj. together with. beil-ba v. Jil-ba. q_. bcu (Bal. *wcu*} ten, bcu fam-pa id. ; bcu-prag a decade; bcu-ycig, bcu-fnyis (Bal. *wcu - was*) eleven, twelve etc., (v. also bco); bcu-pa, bcu-po as in dgii-pa, dgu- po. bcu-skor O fon, bcu-gyur O fon (the field) yields a tenfold crop. - *cu-fca, cu-Kai tal* C., *cu-Mg* W., tithe, tithes; bcu-Kdg-pa a collector of tithes, beu-fcag O don-pa to tithe, to decimate Cs. beu- </j>on corporal, I^at. ^l<'<t^^in. Ix-n-jxj (*cu- 147 bcif-ha way* Ts.) a band of ten soldiers. bcu- ycig-zdl the eleven-faced (Awalokiteswara) Glr. q^S'q* bcu-ba v. O cu-ba. ' bcug-pa v. Jug-pa. bt-ugs, from the phrases: sems Kon- med-pa dan bcugs med -pa dan ynod-pa med-pa Stg., and PratihOrya Ava- ddna (v. Feet") p. 3: lha-byin-gyis bcugs byas-te = ^^Trf^ft^Tj i fc appears, that bcugs signifies hatred, hostility, damage, loss, which when compared with fcugs seems rather strange, yet is in accordance with 3fte(H (for this must probably be read inst. of efitlffT). . bcud (-^r) moisture, juice, sap, but gen. combined with the notion of a certain inherent virtue or power; zld-bai bcud a fructifying moisture, to be compar- ed in its effects to the warmth of the sun, and prob. means night-dew (if after all it is any thing real); hence essence, nutri- ment , rkdn - gis bcud O gyur nourishment conies from the marrow Med.; bcud-la so/i, Mil. also bcud-la bor, (this food) has prov- ed a nutritious fluid, it agrees with him; bcud -can nutritious, succulent, of grass, food etc.; bcud- med not nutritious, Med.; invigorating cordial, quintessence, bcud-Un an elixir of life; frq. fig.: cos fams-cdd bsdtis-pai bcud Glr. bcum-pa 1. v. Jum-pa. 2. to use artifices, to chicane Sch. bcur-ba 1. to be flattened down Sch. - 2. Kun. *lun-po cur-te yon* there is a draught (here). 3. 6'. like bkdg-pa to bar, obstruct, block up, e.g. of snow obstructing a road. Of. jur-ba. ^xV, ^5^1* bee, bees v. O ce-ba. bcer-ba 1. to heap or pile up 6s.; Lex.: sin pun-pot" bcer-ba to pile up wood. 2. = bcir-ba 1. to squeeze, to press ( ., W.; to squeeze in, rf-biw/ /w///.s- kyi bar du something between two rocks Pth.; *cer tdn-ce* W. to squeeze, press, screw in; *cer-cer tdn-ce* W. to throng, to crowd. fo'o, for bcu in bco-lnd 15, and bco- brgydd 18; lo Ina ysum bco-lnu 3 times 5, 15 years (Ina ysum standing pleon.) Mil. q% r q % bc6-ba, pf. and imp. bi-os, prop, root of the fut. tense of O cos-pa, but in W. the usual word for byed-pa to make, perform; to prepare, manufacture, construct: employed in all kinds of phrases; */>;-/,/ zun-can co* W. (he) makes him a liar. bcog? Glr. 99. bcom for /cow, pride. bcom-pa, pf. oljdim-pa, conquered. subdued; having conquered or sub- dued, e.g. di/rd-bcoms-pa, v. dgra\ victory 6s.; O prog-bcdm, and * corn-tog* W. rob- bery and acts of violence. btom-bdfy p.n., Mathura, town of ancient India, in the neighbourhood of Agra, Z<im., Tar. bcom-lddn victorious 6s.; bcom- Man - O das (Kh. *wcom-ldan-d(3*, Ld. * com-dan-dds *, C. *com-ddn-d<j*) ^ip^ 6s.; victorious, Sch.: 'the victoriously consummated', /*/////. le bien-heureux, the usual epithet of Bud- dha, Burn. I., 71. q^flfq' bcdl-baj v. O co7-oa; bcol-ma a thing committed to a person's charge, a trust. q^fq* bcos-pa, a verb of its own, though as to form resembling a parti- ciple, 1. to treat medically, hence to cure, to heal, w/v/.s hiftu'i bcos-su med he cannot be cured even by the best physicians Med. ; beds- (pai) fabs the way of treating, the method of curing Med. sman-bi-o* medical treatment Med. 2. to do (a thing) for the sake of appearance, for term's sake, to affect. bc6s-su byed-pa to perform a sham work. <>.-. blowing into a blazing fire 6'.; hence as sbst. : a false conception, wrong idea, beds pa dan Jtrul -bar </yi'/r - ba to give way to odd fancies, to have crotchets in tin- brain, e.g. in consequence of old age 7'//////. 3. partic.: made or contrived by art, 148 Icags artificial, feigned, fictitious, ma-bcfa artless, unaffected, genuine; it also seems to de- note an absence of mental activity, or a forbearance of exercising such activity, in short that indifference to the world, which is so highly valued by the Buddhist, Mil. bcos-pai ras, or ras bcds-bu, washed or prepared cotton-cloth 6s.; calico, chintz 6s.; in S. 0. it seems to denote a costly, va- luable fabric; beds - ma sbst. and adj., a production of art, any thing made or con- trived by art, esp. every thing imitated, counterfeit, mock, sham, not genuine, frq. ; bcos-ma ma yin-pa natural, unfeigned, ge- nuine, e.g. respect, reverence Glr. fsul- bcos-mKan, one that is shamming, a hypo- crite. Cf. cos-pa. of. lea, Ld. for Ici-ba, excrement, dung, * manure. Icd-sga - bca-sga, white ginger, v. sgd. Icd-ba 1. 6s.: a sort of carrot, Med. frq., but not known to the common people, at least not in W. 2. <*J4<4 ace. to Was. a garment made of wool or felt Tar. Icag I. rod, switch, stick, whip; glan- Icdg ox-whip; riia-lcdg kettle-drum stick; lean- Icdg Lex. willow -twig, osier- switch; rta-lcdg horse-whip, whip in ge- neral, also a scourge, consisting of several straps with sharp knots; spa-lcdg a cane, bamboo Mil. ; ber(-ma}-lcdy stick Mil. 2. (Icdg -ma} stroke, blow, cut, hit, Icag ryydb-pa to give a blow or cut, rtd-la to the horse Glr. ; mgo-lcdg (Ld. *go-lcdy*} a blow or stroke upon the head; ^yram-lcdy a smack on the cheek, slap on the face, box on the ear 6s. ; fal-lcdg id. 3. fore- part of a coat of mail Sch. 4. a kind of Daphne, v. re-lcag-pa. Comp. Icdg-rdo W. flint, ilint-stone. - lcag- brds Mil. whip-cord, lash of a whip; lhu)- Q breii, and Icag-dnd id. Icag-fsdn rta-lcdg 6. Icag-yu whip-stick, handle of a whip. Icay-lciy Lex. w.e. li'ag-pdd a girdle, made of plaited and interlaced strips and resem- bling a chain; one Lex. adds : ddn-mai O dril- du Ihds-pa (?). Icags 1. iron, Icdgs-kyi of iron; Icdgs- bton-mKan a miner digging for iron; rgya-lcdgs Chinese iron; po-lcdgs an in- ferior sort of iron, mo - Icdgs a finer and better sort of it, 6s. steel (?) 2. an iron instrument, tool, esp. lock (of doors), fet- ter, shackle, sgo fams - cad Icags btab - ci/i locking every door l*th. ; *kdn-cag lag-cog* C. fettered on hands and feet; ynam-lcdgs 1. thunderbolt, 2. a flash of lightning just striking an object; me -Icdgs a steel to strike fire with, fire-steel. Comp. and deriv. Icags-kyu B. an iron hook, esp. fishing-hook, angle; often fig.: fugs-rjei, or cos-kyi Icags-kyvs O dzin-pa to seize with the hook of grace or of religion DzL, Glr. and elsewh. Icags-dkdr tin- plate, white iron plate. Icags-skud thin Wire. Icags -Kern or Kyem a spade. - Icags - tirol Sch. a big iron kettle (= W. *cag-dol* stew-pan, large iron pan or pot ?) Icags -mgdr iron smith, black-smith. Icags-sgor iron pan. Icags -sgyid trevet, tripod. Icags -sgrog fetter, shackle. - Icags- cds implements of iron, hardware. - Icags- tig a kind of gentian, cf. tig-ta. - Icags-fdg chain or chains. Icags -fdl 6s. an iron dish or plate, prob. from fd-li. Icags -dregs (W. *cag-rdg*} 1. iron dross, scoria or slag of iron; 2. dirt of the in- testines. Icags-rdo 1. perh. more cor- rectly Icag-rdo flint-stone. 2. iron-stone, iron ore (V). Icags -prd U, a kind of musket, imported from Rum (Turkey). *cag-ber* W. an iron bar, crowbar, hand- spike. Icdgs-mag, bed-mag, the Turkish e5^JCs> flint-stone, tinder-box W. U-ags- tsdgs an iron cribble or sieve, colander. Icags-zdm iron bridge. Icags -zdns iron kettle. *cag-zdn* (.'. good iron, steel. Icags-yyd rust Med. Icags-ri a wall en- circling an estate, a town etc. Icags- sldn a large iron pan for roasting or kiln- 149 U-aii-rna drying corn. Icags-sdn iron hoop, hasp, cramp-iron. Icags-sd iron ore Cs. leags-bsro smoothing-iron Sch. lean -ma willow. Salix viminalis, almost the only leaved tree in Tibet, frq. planted in the vicinity of villages; rgydl-lean the specific name of this tree in Kun.; ron-lcan, ser-lcan different species of it; Ican-dkdr Kun. a white kind with birch - like bark, cf. so; lean -16 willow- leaves, 2. (wzr) matted hair, lcdn-lo-can, or -pa, one w r ith matted hair, a penitent; also n. of a place in ancient India, of another in Lhasa, and of a third on the top of the fabulous Rirab. 3. queue, pig- tail C. Ican-rlom a flat willow basket Ts. lean-sin willow-tree, willow-wood. lean-sol Sch. : 'the red willow'. * can- si I* W. coolness, shade under a willow-tree. carr'air' lean -Icon Cs. = sati-son a craggy * * place, a broken country. -,.. Icam, also pyam, 1. lath, pole, rafter, * spar of a roof. In Tibet the rafters are placed horizontally, and support a layer of earth; in Mongol tents they are slant- ing, supporting the felt - covering. 2. also brag - Icdm, n. of an officinal herb used for healing wounds Med. 3. j/yur- Icdm prob. denotes a glittering fish, or a fish rapidly darting along 4. v. Icdm- mo. .S., Icdm - me- ba, perh. variegated, shining, dazzling Glr. ledm-mo, resp. for spun, and esp. for srin - mo, ace. to 6s. also for cuil-ma, a royal consort, a great man's sister or wife; lha-lcdm a princess Pth.; learn -cun a young princess or lady, a young unmarried lady of noble rank; Icam- drdl, mced-lcam-dral, Icam-snn brother and sister, am-- Icdm -pa 1. n. of a flower Wdn.; 2. n. of a kind of vegetables S.g. a-q. Ici-ba 1. sbst. (Ld. *lca*, Lh.*ci-a, * ce-a*), dung, esp. of cattle; bai Ici- ba, bd-lci cow-dung; lei-skdm dry dung (used as fuel), Ici-rlon fresh dung. 2. adj. heavy, W. *cin-te*, y ait-lei 1. light and I cum heavy; '2. weight, *yah-ci ddn-da co-ce* W. to balance equally, to counterpoise; with regard to food, perh. heavy, oppress- ing the stomach; but also in a favourable sense: substantial, nutritious; fig.: weighty, important, ki/ed-kyi skyes dan bka-stsdl fri- ba des in consequence of your weighty presents and requests Glr.; *ndm-cog cin- te* W. hard of hearing; Ka-na-ma-fo-ba Ici-ba a heavy, deadly sin, frq. ^* ll-ld v. I jh I. Icin-te v. Ici-ba. Icibs denotes a. things, which serve to protect the hands, when having to deal with hot or otherwise disagreeable objects; so gloves may be called IHbs Sch., but esp. fsa- Icibs (W. *fsalciV} pot -cloth (to take pots from the fire), *re - cib* C., also *lag-cib* id.; hence prob. mig -Icibs, resp. spyan- Icibs eyelid; mig - gi Icibs- for sty, wisp in the eye, and perh. from some remote similarity syo - Icibs, sgoi ya - Icibs the lintel or head-piece of a door; nya- Icibs fishgills, Lex. and Cs.; b. contrivances to facilitate the handling of different ob- jects, as: the handles of pots and vessels, the handles, hilts, bows, ears, loops etc. of knives, scissors, pincers and other work- ing-tools. ^'^T lcu-ba v. ycu-ba. Iciig-pa Cs., mnyen-lcug Lex., flexible, pliant; a supple branch; Icuy-lcinj byed-pa to bend repeatedly Cs.; leug-ma a root-shoot of a willow or a poplar-tree, a rod, switch; *wg-gu* C. the bud of a twig; Icug-prdn a thin branch or twig. Uugs, gri-yi Icugs Lex. w.e. leun-ka = skyun-ka, jack-daw. lcun-mo thimble Glr. ' Icud-pa v. ycud-pa. um j\li : </., /(/(/// -fsa C stalks of which are used as a purga- r. I i-ii in M <<!., Ihim-fsa Cs.: 'a plant, the 150 f ' Ice tive' ; Icum-dkdr prob. another species of that plant Med. p Ice 1. resp. Ijays (farj) tongue, Ic? rkyaii- " ba to put forth, to show the tongue Mil.; Ice bryyd-yis yon-tan nin-zad brjod- par nus ma mcis even with a hundred tongues we should not be able sufficiently to praise the merit . . . Pth. 2. blade, Cs. yri-lce. 3. (TO[f%f) thunderbolt, Ice Jbebs-pai yloy a flash of lightning accom- panying a thunderbolt. 4. flame, me-lce. Comp. Ice-kyiys the frenum of the tongue Cs. Ice-cun uvula. Ice-cun O bab$ inflam- mation of the uvula Med. lce-)nyis-pa double-tongued, deceitful, Vce-ynyis byed-pa to be double-tongued. Ice-feb, lce- drd a fleshy excrescence below the tongue Cs. - Ice-bde a nimble tongue a babbler Mil. Ice-spydh = ce-spydit Thyy., Stg. - Ice- Jtriir a swelling on the tongue Cs. Ice- myah-fsd alum Med. Ice-rtsd the root of the tongue, Ice-rtsd -can a letter pro- nounced from the root of the tongue, a guttural. Ice-rise the tip of the tongue Cs., Ice-rtse-can a letter sounded with the tip of the tongue, a lingual. Ice-fsd- (-ba) a sharp-tasted, pungent medicinal herb Med. Ice-yzor a tongue-scraper Cs. Iceg a coat of mail for a horse Sch. ojn*J* tieb-pa to go to kill one's self, to seek death, esp. by a leap into the water or down a precipice, but not every kind of suicide; also used of insects that fly into a flame etc. lco-ga, also lcog-ma or mo lark. 5' ca tiog 1. B., C. a turret on a house- top, pinnacle (W. *speu*). 2. v. Icda-tse. lcoy-po prob. low, Icoy-por skye (a certain plant) is low- growing, it does not grow high. ysol-lcda, table, in Tibet, esp. in W., a very rare piece of furniture, and always small and low; Icoy-Kebs table- cloth, Icog-Kebs btin-ba to lay the clojh; rgya-lcoy a large table, a European table; mdun-lcoy 'fore-table', a sort of table before an idol, for spreading offerings on it, v. e.g. Hook. I, 172; but it is not the same as altar. Icoys, zer-U-oys pronunciation '.(?) SJZH ^jyrj- Ic6y(s)-pa I. to be agitated, to shake, to tremble, mt-tng mgo- Icoy Zam. a flower shaking, waving its head (little used). II. 1. vb. to be able, dc ma lcog-na if (he) is not able (to do that); ji Icoy-kyi Mil. as much as possible, to the utmost; *na-rdn-ghi yan coy-pa* C. as far as I am able. More used: 2. adj. able, sed-kyis mi lcoy-pa unable, feeble, weak, rig -pas mi Icoy -pa ignorant; *iie fsar ciy-la coy-pa me'* I am not able to carry the whole at once C.; * coy -can* clever, skilful, handy, *cog-med* awkward W.\ *Ke cog mi dug* he does not get on with his mouth, he lisps; also *Ka coy - pa* irreverent, dis- respectful in speaking W.(?) Sfr- Icon, sbol-lcoh a frog in its first stage ^ of development, tadpole l*th. x- ca 1. the letter c, the aspirated f, pro- nounced hard and forcibly, like ch in chap or church. 2. numerical figure: 6, ca-pa the sixth volume. ca I. part, portion, share 1. opp. to the whole, ca ysiim-du byos divide it in three parts! brgyai ca j^^ Glr.; stoh-yi ca '; ban-mdzod ysitw-ca ycig one third ca 151 cd-ga of the provisions DzL; dbui ca team cig fser-gyismaldn-barthere being still wanting about us much gold as (the weight of) his head Glr. ; ndii-par siid-bai ca the following day's first part, i.e. the following morning Mil.\ sd-ca a piece of land Glr., 6'., also land, territory, country in general, yhai sa-ca the country of Gha Glr.; zur- ca frontier parts, frontier province; ca~ snyams at equal parts, equally, e.g. cu sbyar mixed with the same quantity of water Lt.; ca-mnydm id., ca-mnydm zib btey accurately weighed in equal parts Lt.; ca tsam, ca O dra tsam in part, in some measure; ca ma O dra or ma mfun-pa partly not equal, differing a little; ca tsam si>s kyan even if one knows but a little Mil. ; yid smon ^os ca tsam mi -/-dd-bas it being not in the least desirable; ca-rdzogs being complete in every part, entire, integral Sch. Esp. 2. the half, ndm-gyi ca stod, the first half of the night, ndm-gyi ca smad the second, the last half of it. Hence 3. the one part of a pair, similar to ya, lham ca yciy the one boot; ca sgrig-pa to pair, to match, to couple Sch. ; an equal, a match, ca-mfun-pa, ca- drd-ba, C. also *ca-lon-wa*, similar, resembling Wdn. and elsewh.; la-Id fdr-pa ca-mfun dye-ba med some have no virtue befitting (i.e. leading to) final salvation Thyy.; ca-med without an equal, matchless; cd-ma-yin-pa unfit, improper, unbecoming Sch., nag ycoc/-pa ni ca ma yin not obeying will not do, is out of place Tar. 110, 11. 4. a pair, = zun Sch. ; Zam. : ^pf. 5. share, portion, lot, mfsar - sduy bltd - bai cd - nas mnyam being equal as to their (respective) share of beauty Glr. ; dmdn-ca O dzm-pa to choose the humbler (inferior) share, i.e. to be humble,= dmdn-xa O clzm-pa Mil.', in general : ca O dzin-pa c. genit. to adhere, to be attached to a person or thing Pth.; zin rmo-ba nai ca yin ploughing is my business, my lot, my department Zte/f. ; cd-la equally, in equal parts, equally divided, tfd-ba nyin dgu mfsan dgu bobs, cd-la nyin mfsan bco- brgydd babs Mil. there was a fall of snow (luring nine days and nine nights; it fell equally portioned out to days and nights, (together) eighteen (the peculiar mode of reckoning is here to be noticed). II. news, intelligence, notice, construed like ryyus and ytam; yfdm-ca <lr/-ba = ytam O dri-ba; ca yod, ca med like rgyus yod and rgyus med; nam O ci ca med-kyi cos the doctrine of the uncertainty of the day of death Mil. ; . . . par ca mcis-te there coming news or intelligence that . . . ; skdd- ca v. skad; physically: voice, sound, brag- ca echo; intellectually: prospect, auspices, Mil: srog-ca prospects of life (as to its length and preservation), tfyim - ca pro- spects regarding the household, dyra-ca prospects, expectations as to one's enemies; *ldm-ca* C. prospects of a safe journey (cf. no 4). III. thing, things, relating to clothes, ornaments, materials etc., cf. cos; *go-lus- ca - fsdn* W. a complete suit of clothes ; but mostly used in compounds: ske-ca neck- ornaments, ylo-ca ornaments suspended to the belt or girdle, e.g. strings of shells; dgos - ca necessary things Cs. ; mcod - ca things necessary for sacrifices, requisites for offerings Glr.; mfson-ca weapons; yiy- ca prob. writings, deeds, documents Glr.; *re-ca* cottons, cotton fabrics C'.; lag-ca implements, utensils, goods, baggage etc. Glr. There is still to be noticed the expression: ca-bzdg-pa, lit. to add one's own share to a thing, 1. to adhere, stick, or cling to, to follow, obey (laws); saiis- rgyds-kyi bkd-la ca bzay they adhere to the words of Buddha; ryydl-poi bkd-la to obey the king's commandment. 2. to refer to(?) 6'. ca-rkyenLex., Sch.: 'share of destiny, of fate; consequence of one's ac- tions' (?). cd-mkan soothsayer, fortune-teller Sch. cd-ga Mil., hem, edge, border; cd-ga O debs-pa to hem, to turn in (the edge of cloth). 152 c-ya -bu ca-hdr cd-ya-Jbu C. , Lex. also cd-ga- pa, grasshopper. _.vr cd- co Lex., Sch.: 'things homogeneous, matched'. x*n- vd-ba, pf. and imp. so/i (the regular form cos being nearly obs. at present), in W. the usual word for O gt'0-ba to go, in B. little used and only in later writings, 1. to go, *sor-te cd-ce* to retire, to retreat slowly; *da ca yin*, or *da cen* adieu, good bye, farewell! *da cen zu* resp., your servant! (in taking leave); *' > d-m-soii* go thither, or that way! *'d-ru ma ca* do not go to this place, do not step this way! to travel, *gydl-la* (or de-mo, ydg-po) ca zig* I wish you a safe journey, a pleasant trip to you! *log-te cd-ce* to return, to go or come back; *tih-la cd-ce* to follow, to come after or later; *ca cut/* let (him) go! give (it) up! let (it) alone! to be gone, consumed, spent, used, wasted, *sii> mdii- po ca yin* a great deal of wood will go, will be consumed. 2. to become, grow, get, turn, *fsan ca dug* it grows night, it is getting dark; *gas cd ce* to grow old; *ndg-po son* that has turned black; *ses-Kan cd-ce* to get information; also with la: * bag -ma-la cd-ba* (= bag -mar O gro-ba, ^yur-ba) to become a bride Ma.; *mdn-lami ca* this is not used for medicine. 3. with a supine (#.) or a verbal root (col): to be about, to be on the point, to be going, sleb-tu cd-bai fse when they were on the point of arriving Mil. ; nyi-ma O cdr- du cd-ba dan when the sun was just going to rise Mil.', *me si ca dug* the fire is on the point of going out; *nad zi ca dug*, the disease is decreasing. 4. with the gerund it expresses a continuous progress, a gradual operation, an effect by little and little, *cu pel-te ca dug* the water increases from day to day. 5. with the inf. it is used in the sense of the future tense, or like the Greek iisllsir: to intend, to purpose, *ci srid-de dir srih-ce ca dug* how long does he (do you etc.) intend to stay? *nam lug sdd-ce ca dug* when are you going to kill the sheep'? x -,q' cd-bu, a kind of little ornament worn ^ in the ears Ld. x/qr- ca bydd 1 . thing, implement, instru- ^ ment, e.g. a musical instrument DzL, a surgical instr. Med. 2. clothing, dress, mi-sdiiq-pai ca-byad- can poorly clothed, ragged Mil.; external appearance, also of animals. ca-tsdm v. ca 1 , 1 . ca-fsdd = cag-fsad. ca-fsdn species, division, class Sch. ca- dzin v. ca I., 5. ca-rdzogs v. ca I, 1. cd-ra 1. oak, also mon-cd-ra (on account of its growing only on the southern ranges of the Himalaya mountains, inhabited mostly by Non - Tibetans) in several species, with pointed, evergreen leaves, a tree much inferior in beauty to the English oak. cd - ra preu Sch. : 'the stunted or dwarf -oak'. 2. also ca-t-i, ca-li, ca-lu, a coarse sort of blanket made of yak's hair. &Qf cd-la v. ca L, 5. cd-lag 1 . 6'. implements, instruments, required for the carrying on of a business. 2. W. things, effects, luggage. - 3. Tar. 43, 18: cd-lag dan beds -pa rdzogs-par ses-paSchf.: 'the systematic and complete understanding 1 . ca - Ian joined with rdeb-paLex. and Mil., meaning not known; Wts. gives: petite lance des bonzes. cd - lam = hd - lam, some ; for the most part, rather C. ca-li, ca-lu v. sub cd-ra. ca-lugs clothing, costume, ap- pearance. ca-sds part, portion, share, lus-kyi ca-sds a part of the body, a limb etc. " ca-hdr Chakhar, a Mongol tribe Sch. cog 153 xar <-'(/ 1 dry fodder for horses and other ' animals, as hay, barley etc.; cag- fzon trough, manger, crib. 2. the fourth finger Med. 3. resp. for shoe Glr., also pyag(-lh(ini). 4. cag-peb-pa Glr. ]>yag peb-pa. 5. the breadth of a fist, cag qan id , Mng. frq. 6. v. cdg-pa. cag-(d)krum(s) piece, frag- ment Leas., Thgy.- *cag- 1 urn-la son" C. it has gone to pieces. cag-skya-ba Sch. : 'having only one purpose, pursuing but one aim; unremitting, indefatigable'. <&ag-ga-<$og-gt (or pyag-ga- py9 ~ 9^^) various things mixed up or thrown together, medley. ' cag-griim Lex. = cag-dkrum(?). ' cag-rgydg-pa to doubt Sch. cag-cdg I. 1. with byed-pa, O debs- pa, to sprinkle, besprinkle, cm with water, Hdn-pa, lam-rnams the house, the streets B., C. (W. *cab- cab*}. 2. Sch.: cag- cag ydab-pa to starch, to stiffen. II. W. cag-cdg cd-ce* to tread, to trample, e.g. the narrow paths or furrows between garden-beds; to clap the hands. cag-cdd rent, break, rupture Sch. cag-dum fragment, piece, crumb, scrap, bit. i' cag- Q din doubtful, incredible Sch. cdg-pa 1. a large tuft or bunch of flowers, ears of corn etc. 2. pf. of J-dg-pa, broken; ma- cdg(s)-pa, and esp. adv. ma - cdg(s) - par also cdg-med- par uninterrupted, unintermitting; uninter- ruptedly ; gas - cag - med without a crack, flaw, or chink. 3. lam cdg-pa v. O cag-pa. cdy-po broken; a broken vessel, pot etc., a pot-sherd ; tsel-(po) cwj (-po) a broken dosser or pannier. cag - bu, diminutive of cag - pa } a little bunch. cdg-mo bunch, O brds-bu cdg-mo a fruit growing in the form of bunches or clusters, like the grapes of the vine, the berries of the elder etc. W. cdg-tse a small grain, e.g. of ground grits, *cdg-tse-can* granulOUS; *bdg- pe cdg-tse-can* ground grits, W.; Hind. cag-fsdd Sch.: the right measure, dug ster cag-fsdd if a sufficient quantity of poison has been administered to a person, Med. a 9 ~ $' n a wooden splint for a broken limb, *cug - ce* to put it on W. ^T cdgs-pa I. frq. for cdg-pa 2. II. vb. to be begotten, produced; ma- cdgs-pa not begotten or produced in the usual way of propagation, but = rdzus-te skyes-pa, or Ihun - gyis grub -pa Pth. frq. ; mndl-du cdgs-pa to be produced in the womb, as the foetus is; hence cags in compounds: animal, O dab-c(igs, ysog-cuys winged animal, bird; srog-cdgs in general: a living being, an animal, = sems-can; O prul-gyi fsul-cdgs Glr. prob. as much as a wonderful child, a prodigy; sin-la cdgs- pa to grow on a tree, of fruits; and in general: to rise, arise, spring up, originate, of the world, of new works, buildings, empires, customs, of eruptions on the skin; *zil- j pa cogs son* W. dew has fallen; to come forth, to appear, = O byim~ba, e.g. f od-du cdgs-pa to come to light, to appear Mil.', * nul cogs* W. sweat comes forth, breaks out, I perspire; even: rdb-tu cdgs- pa = rdb-tu O byun-ba to become a cleric (little used); cags-rdbs genesis, history of the beginning, esp. of the world; cags- fsul 1. manner of beginning, origin, pro- creation Med. '2. W. form, figure, demeanour, *cags-fsid sog-po* coarse, rude, rough. III. 1 . vb. to love, (e par), bit, - mo - la a girl; skye's-pa dan na-cun ycig cdgs-pa the mutual affection between a man and a maiden; tender attachment in gem-nil, connubial, parental and filial love, ynl-ln cdgs-pai bu-mo-mams my dearly beloved daughters 1th.; ardent desire or l<>nging 10* 154 r cad for something, grdgs-pa-la for glory; to be attached to, to cling to, e.g. lu& dan srog- la cdgs-pa to life, yul-la to one's home, to one's native country; often: to suffer one's self to be enticed by a thing, to indulge in; cdgs-par mi bya jigs-par mi byd-ste allowing neither desire nor fear to have any influence upon himself Samb. 2. sbst. love (e<?wg), lust, passion for, affec- tion, attachment, cdgs-pa skyes-so he fell in love Dzl. ; cdgs-pa spyod-pa = O fcrig-pa spyod-pa. According to Buddhistic theory all cdgs-pa is a great evil, as it betrays a troubled state of mind, and a repre- hensible attachment to external things ; yet even a saint, so far advanced in dispassion and apathy as Milaraspa, may sometimes be caught in very tender affections and sensations of cdgs - pa, very like those of other human creatures. Comp. cags-sddn \ . Schr. love and hatred, 2. Glr., Pth. jealousy (love showing itself in hatred), also cags-sddn-gi prag-dog. cags-spyod coition, copulation, cf. cdgs-pa III., 2. cags-zen, also zen-cdgs = cdgs- pa sbst. Mil.; * cags-zen co-ce* W., to love, c. la] cags-zen med-pa dispassionate, in- different to all terrestrial things. cags- sems = cogs - zen. cdgs - sred - can Pth. lustful, libidinous, wanton. rr % a n (*T^f) res P- skyems , )'sol - can, mcod- can C., a fermented liquor, beer, wine, (not 'brandy' Sch.'); bu skyes- pa-la min, can drdns-pa-la yfam proverb : to the new-born child a name (is due), to the beer to be drunk a talk; nds-can beer made of barley (the usual kind); brds- can of rice Glr. ; gro-can of wheat Cs. ; bu- r am- can, or bur-^an of sugar Med.; r gun- can wine; sbrdn - can Med. honey -wine, mulse, mead? rus-can MedJ zds-can, zdn - can eating and drinking , meat and drink. sloti-, tig-, and bsu-can v. sub bag-ma. Fig-' btun-ba dran-ses bditd- rtsii can my drink is the wine of wisdom's nectar Mil. Here the process of brewing may be mentioned. When the boiled barley (LcL *sbo-bod*, Ts. *fab*~) has grown cold, some *pabs* (q.v.) is added, after which it is left standing for two or three days, until fermentation commences, when it is called glum. Having sufficiently fermented, some water is poured to it, and the beer is considered to be ready for use. If proper care is taken (and the people of U and Ladak generally do so), the pale beer, thus obtained, is not amiss, and sparkles a good deal, but not being hopped it does not keep long. The people of Lahoul are accustomed to press out the glum with their hands, instead of filtering it, and mismanage the business also in other re- spects, so that their can is a gray muddy liquor, that has hardly any resemblance to beer. The residue of malt, called sbdn- ma, may be mixed with water or milk, pressed through a strainer, and used instead of barm in baking bread, cakes etc. Comp. can- /can beer-house, pot-house, tavern. can - can drinking - cup or bowl Sch , Wts. cdn-cem-can an intoxicated person. cdn-cem-sa Lex. prob. = cctn-sa. - can - O tun - mKan a beer-drinker; *cd/l- O fun - Kan man - po dzom* a great beer- drinking bout takes place W. *cdn-dad- can* a drunkard, tippler W. cdii-fsugs = can-can Sch. cdn- fson-gi Kyim beer- house Dzl. cdn-sa l. beer-house 2. beer- carousal, cdn-sa cen-po byed-pa to give or arrange a great beer-drinking bout Mil. an-cuii a little Sch. rj" cad 1 . also cad - don, cad - mdo, W. ' *cdd-ka*, promise, engagement, agree- ment Ka-cdd oral, verbal engagement, lag- lad pledge of faith by hand; cad -don byed-pa, *cdd-ka co-ce, zum-ce* W., to give a promise, make a contract; ytoft, - (bai) cad(-dori) byed-pa to agree about giving; cad-don Itar byed-pa to keep, fulfil a pro- mise; cad-rdo 1. the stone which is broken in the ceremony of rdo ycog - pa q.v. 2. monument, memorial of a covenant. 2. in compounds also for cdd-pa punishment, lus-cdd corporeal punishment. cdd-pa 155 am-pa cud -pa I. sbst., resp. bka-cdd, punishment; the preceding genit., contrary to our usage, is the genit. of the punishing person, thus: ryydl-poi C</</-/H/ a punishment of the magistrates, i. e. a punishment decreed or inflicted by the magistrates, frq.; seldom, if ever, genit. of the punished action, and never that of the punished person. In classical language the usual construction of the words is the following: cdd-pas ycod-pa to punish, mi ziy - la somebody, . . . pas or ... pai pyir for having...; in more recent literature: cdd-pa y cod-pa Thyr., Glr.; cdd-pa fob-pa 1. to receive the fine incurred by another 2. to suffer punishment, to pay a fine; nd-la cdd-pa poy punishment is inflicted on me, I am punished. II. 1. to promise, e.g. bkd-las mi ^ydl- bar to obey. 2. v. sub O cdd-pa. III. adj. begotten, born, descended from; the Tibetans are sbreu dan srin-mo-nas (or las') cdd-pa the offspring of a monkey and a Rakshasi Glr.; sd-nas cdd-pai bu a full child Glr. " cdd-po 1 . rent, torn, worn-out, ragged, tattered, sayi - yu cdd - po a leaky purse. 2. a limited time, a term Sch. cad-yig a written contract; cad- mdl-yyi yi-ye Glr. id. cdd-lus-pa not to obtain the things hoped for, to be disap- pointed Sch. <?dd - so 1. a limited time, a term. - 2. a time-purchase Sch. - 3. an agreement Tar. x*- can, also can-fug Sch., boiled corn or barley etc.; Jbras-cdn rice-pap, nas- cdn barley-pap. x<rn* can -pa a pair of scissors, but the common people know only shears, which are for various purposes; the scissors mentioned in surgical books are prob. of a nicer construction. Xv cab, resp. and cleg, for cu 1. water, dri-cdb scented water; sna-cdb, pi/l- cdb, water which at the beginning and close of the meetings in the large mo- nasteries is handed round, and of which every one present takes a few drops on his tongue, as a symbol of purification, in place of the original ablutions. 2. for other fluids, as spyan - cab tears, zal-cdb spittle, ysan-cdb, or cab-ysdn urine, ba-cab cow's urine (so with the Hindoos in Lh., the cow being to them a sacred animal). - 3. in some compounds: power, dominion, authority. cab-rkydn brass can. brass- (tea) pot with a long spout for pouring out tea, W.; also n. for Tibet, perh. on account of the large consumption of tea there. cab-Kun privy Cs. cab-syo door, cab-syo -pa door-keeper, porter. - *cab-dd* (spelling dubious) a wooden pail, of a similar shape as cab - rkydn W. cab-brom, cab-rom ice. cab-bluy C. a vessel for rinsing one's mouth with water. cab-mig eleg. for cu-miy fountain, spring. cab-fsod eleg. a watch, a clock. cab- ^oy what is subjected to a person's sway, territory, dominion etc., cab-^6a-tu sdu-ba to subject; cab-^oy-yi ryydl-po a vassal, feudal tenant Trig.; cab-^oy-pa, also cab- Jbdhs one owing allegiance to a sovereign, a subject. cab-sdy Cs. eleg. for letter, diploma etc. cab - ser eleg. for cu - s<r matter, pus. ^.^j. ?db-ma W., 6'., also Mil, lid, valve ; buckle, Clasp, cdb-tse, or cab -rise C. id. vabs Lex. cabs-yciy Sch. = tabs-yay together. x^j- cam, in cam -la Jbebs-pa Lex. w.e.; Sch. : to throw down, to cause to lie down; to subdue, subject; to spend, con- sume, to have done with; by this last sig- nification it would be a syn. to zin-pa, and the circumstance that cams is used in Balti as an auxiliary vb. of the pf. tense agrees with that supposition, e.g. *zan zos-se cams* I have done eating, = zos zin B. cam -pa 1. cold (in the head), ca- tarrh; sne-cdm id.; <//v- <///// cntiirrh in the throat, bronchial catarrh; f/lo-t-ihn catarrh in the lungs; r////.s- >//// ;in infi-H- 156 cam-me ing or epidemic catarrh. 2. Cs. = O cm- pa accord, accordance. -j- cam-me slowly, by degrees, gradually Ar. (cf. cem-me). -ex' car, termin. of ca, 1. into parts, e.g. bgo-ba to divide into parts. 2. as an equal, as a match, ...la car mi pod he is not an equal to, cannot come up to ... Thgy.; . . . dan ston -prag - car mi nye prob.: he does hot come up to ... at all (lit. not for the thousandth part) Pth. ; so in a similar manner: brgyai car yah mi sleb Tar. 3. affixed to numerals, and sometimes, though less correctly, writ- ten car, q.v. The terminations of the cases mag be affixed to it: Ina cdr-ayis every fifth day Thgy. rx* car, also car-pa, 1. rain, car cen-po a plentiful rain, car drdg-po, or drag- car a heavy rain; car cen-pas or ce'-bas as it rained heavily Pth.', car Jbebs-pa to cause to rain; car O bab it rains, W. * car- pa yon* ; cdr-qyi rgyun a sudden or violent shower of rain Tar. 2. at Kyelang for watering-pot; this utensil having never been seen there before, the word was at first applied to it jestingly, but is now gene- rally adopted; cu-fsdg 'water-sieve 1 would be more correct. Comp. car-skyibs a shelter, pent-roof, pro- tecting from rain. car-fcebs dress against rain, rain-cloak. car-can, cdr-ldan rainy Cs. cdr-cu rain-water. cdr-dm rainy season. car - O dod (-byeu) n. of a bird, water-ousel. car-sprin a rain-threatening cloud. *car-bhi*(?) C. rain -cloak. car-rlun rain and wind Cs. * car -sin* = car-skyibs W. car-len the coping or water-tile of a wall Cs. cal, sku-cdl resp. belly, abdomen, Cs. JMrxpr cal-cil Lex., wavering, fluctuating Sch. >> cal- col Tar. 184, 20 = O cal-la- col-le. Ml-<*r brddl-ba to spread equally, uniformly (vb. a.) cds (Sch. cds-ka) cf. ca III., 1. thing, tool, requisite etc., se-mo-do-la sogs- pai cds-kyis brgydn-te adorned with or- naments of pearls and other things Mil.; clga-ston-gyi cos rgya cen-po grand festival arrangements; cos de-mams bsiy overturn the whole affair! Glr.; bag-mar rdzon-bai cos things to be given to her as a dowry Tar. 121, 5; Icdgs-cas iron tools or uten- sils; ltd- c as food; dmag-cas military stores, requisites for war Pth. ; O fso-cas provisions Mil. ; lag - cas tool, instrument Cs. 2. dress, garment, po - cos man's dress; cas- gos, W. *gdn-ct*, coat, dress; in a more general sense: appearance, form, shape, bud- med - kyi cds - su bydste appearing in the shape of a woman Glr.\ Mr- cos byed he puts on a Mongol dress Ma.; bu-moi cds- su zugs he puts on a girl's dress, disguises himself as a girl Glr., Pth.', cos sayur-ba to put on, to assume another dress. cds-pa, originally the pf. of cd-ba, but always used as a separate vb. 1. to set out, set forth, depart, cos dgos-par as I must depart from here Thgy.; bod- du cds-so they set out for Tibet Glr. ; dus- ycig-tu cds-so they departed at the same time DzL; cds-su Q )ug-pa to send away, dis- patch; mg yogs-cos yton-ba to rush, run to- wards. 2. to set about, to begin, ysod- par to kill; ^gro-bar cds -pa -las when he made arrangements to depart DzL ; also in the following manner; da pyir O d6n-no zes cds-pa 'now we will return' they said, making preparations, or: saying thus, they made preparations DzL; fugs cds-so he had set his mind on departing Mil. CS ^ cb" ci num. fig.: 36. a-ka wallet, knapsack W. ci-tra W. variegated, figured, of fabrics. ci-li-li onomatopoetic word for snuffing up scents by the nose; *zim~zim di-ma ci-li-li Kyer* C. sweet odours of cakes are meeting us; me -tog dri-ma ci-li-li the perfumes of flowers are per- ceptible Mil. cg 157 ^_. 2% = ^ one, as the first part of ' compound numbers : cig-bcu 10, cw- brgya 100, ciy-ston 1000, cig-Kri a myriad etc.; also: cig-rkydit Lex., Schr.: 'separate, single, one alone 1 ; cig-skyes Med., cig-tdn Med.? cig-fiib n. of a plant Med.; Sch. also: cig-fiib-pa to be able to do a thing alone; ag-dril Sch. : rolled, wrapped, packed up (in one parcel or bundle); cig-ldb byed- pa to talk to one's self, to hold a soliloquy Schr. cin(s) v. cid-pa v. pyid-ba. equal, uniform, suitable Sch. 8b& (-pa) resp. horse, riding- horse, saddle-horse, cibs-la Jib- pa (for rtd-la zon-pa) to get on horseback, to mount; to go on horseback, to ride; abs-las yzol-ba to dismount, *cibs zol-la nan* C. may your honour please to dis- mount; Ky6d-kyi cibs-su Jbul I give it you for a riding-horse Mil. Comp. cibs-ka Jcrid-pa to lead a horse by the bridle Schr.; cibs-tta fub-pa to have the command of the bridle, fig. : to be ex- pert in ruling Ld.-Glr. p. 14, a, ScM. where pyifjs is incorr.). cibs-cds a horse's fur- niture, harnesses. cibs-fur the head-piece of a bridle. cibs-dpon a master groom, equerry. cibs-rd a stable for horses. ' cu I. num. fig.: 66. II. sbst. (resp. cab) 1. water; cu dan sai bu is said to be a poetical name for wood; Jbdb-cu lit. descending water, viz. brook, river, also rain. 2. brook, river, cu Jrydm-po overflowing rivers, floods Ma. fdn-cu a river or rivulet of the plain; ri-yzdr-cu cataract, mountain torrent Glr. - 3. water in the body: snyin-cu dropsy in the pericardium, pdgs-cu anasarca Med. ; pdg&-cu-zugs one suffering from anasarca; v. also cu-ser; esp. euphem. for urine; mi- cu urine of men, bd-cu of cows Med.; cu ni cu O dra the urine is like water Med. 4. v. cu-ze/i. Comp. cu-ktini river, e.g. <ki-klun gah- ga the river Ganges Dzl. <hi-klon Cs.: 'the body of a river 1 , yet v. klon. cu- dkyil the middle of a river. cu-rkydl a leather bag for water Cs. cu-skdd the voice of the waters, the sound of rushing water. cu-skdr, ran-tag-cu-sk-or water- mill Glr. cu-skyur n. of a bird Tli>uj.. Sch. : 'bittern, snipe'; also n. of a plant. cu- skyur 1. Lt. : acidulous mineral waters 2. C.: vinegar. cu-skyes 'water-born', the lotus Glr. cu-skyor a handful of water. cu - Ka the bank or brink of a river. cu-Kug bay, gulf. cu- Kur containing water, po. for cloud; a native proposed to use this word also for sponge, which is a commodity hitherto unknown in Tibet. cu- Uyil puddle, pool. cu-gdn 1. full of water. 2. cu-sgdn (v. sgaii) which latter is prob. the more correct spelling. 3. Dzl. ??sS, 2; %&?, 18 = ^nsf virtue, honesty, v. Schf. on this passage. cu-gri a sort of knife; Tar. 43, 1 Schf. razor; also the attribute of a god, a weapon with a curved blade Stg. cu-grog Sch. : rivulet, brook; dish-water, rinsings; boiled water (?). - cu - ingo C. source or head of a river. - cu-gdgs stoppage or retention of urine, ischury, cu-gdgs O bigs the ischury is re- moved (lit. bored through") Med. cu- O grdm bank of a river; cu-grdm-gyi sin a tree on the edge of a river, a me- taphor for frail and perishable things. cu-rgyun the streaming, continual flow- ing, current, often fig. cu-saon the wa- ter-egg, po. for moon Sch. cu-nogs v. nogs. *cu-ta-gir* W. flour-dumplings, boiled in water. - *cu-stdn* W. swaddling- cloth. *cu-fda* W. calamus, sweet-scented flag, or some similar plant. cu - turns Sch.: 'a swelling in the flesh, or a tumour filled with water'. cu-mfd the side or bank of a river, *cu-fd tsug-pa* (the ava- lanche came down) even to the river side. - cu-ddr Wdk. a small prayer-flag stuck up close to the river, in order to avert in- undations. CH - <lii Sch.: 'a poisonous plant, hemlock', ' but Tibetans usually un- derstand by it the stupefying power ascribed to certain rivers. cu-doii a deep well. 158 cu cu-mdd a jet, a spouting forth of water Med. cu-mdd 'mouth (of a river), spout (of a tea-pot)' Sch. ; but v. mcu. cu- mdog the colour of urine Med. cu-rdd C. small rounded pebbles, as in brooks. cu-ndg inundation, flood (?) Ma. cu- mdg matter, pus Sch. cu-snod 1. pitcher, jug. 2. Schr.: chamber -pot (yet in W. at least this article of luxury is not known). cu-pa water-carrier. ^u-pydq-pa is enumerated among other synonyms to gru- pa, signifying a .ferry-man, water-man. cu-prdn a little river, brook. cu-bdr 1. ('between the waters') isthmus, neck of land. 2. p. n. of a place in Tibet. cu-bdl n. of an aquatic plant Wdn. cu-bitn white paint for the face Sch. cu-bdr J . bubble, also cui cu-bur 1. blister, bladder, vesicle, e.g. occasioned by a burn or a vesicatory Lt. 3. boil, ulcer, abscess Thgy., 4. sai cu- bur a word describing the foetus five days after conception Thgy. cu-bur -can 1. n. of a hell Thgy. 2. the eye Schr. cu- 1)0 river, frq., cu-bo-ri n. of a mountain with a monastery two days' journey from Lhasa Glr. cu-byd a water-bird; Sch.: cu-byd dkdr-po swan, cu-byd myo-dmdr stork (not known in W.~). cu-byi water- rat Sch. cu-lbdg v. Ibag. cu-sbur i.Sc/i.: 'driftwood and the like', prob. more cor- rectly : thin pieces of wood, chips, chaff etc. floating on the water. 2. water-beetle Med. - cu-sbrul water -snake, not a mytho- logical conception, like klu, but a really existing animal, though for Tibetans a somew r hat faboulous one, as they have ne- ver seen the creature itself. The eel (Sch.) can hardly be meant by it. cu-mig 1. spring, fountain frq. 2. n. of a vein Med. cu-rtsd v. cw-cu, as a separate article. cu-fsdas i. a strainer, sieve, 2. watering- pot cu-fsdn i. hot water, 2. warm water, not too hot for drinking Med. 3. a hot spring Sch. cu-fsdd 1. the clepsydra or water -clock of ancient India. 2. clock in general, cu-fsod-Jcor-lo a wheel-clock. 3. the Indian hour = | Kyi-m or 24 minutes. 4. the European hour; W.: *cu-fsdd nyis ma leb* it is not yet two o'clock. cu- O dzm po. cloud Mil. cu - rdzd earthen vessel for water, water-jar. cu-zen (Lex. rffTWTf) long and broad, area, superficial extent, cu-zen Kru-bryydd-pa eight cubits long and broad DzL; also cu-zen-gdb-pa, e.g. cu-zen -gdb-pa-la dpag-fsdd brgydd-cu Gb'.\ cu-zen-srab-f'ug in length, breadth and height; also separately: cur dpay-fsdd 3V 00 , zen-du yan ^V 00 , mfa-skdr-du dpay- fsdd 9 ooc yod-pa '2 500 miles in length, 2500 miles in breadth, 10000 in circum- ference; yet except in this connexion cu alone is never used for length. As an- other signification of cu-zen-gdb-pa Schr. mentions moreover: proportioned, symme- trical; others have: beautiful, great, con- siderable, which e.g. is its proper meaning in : cu - zen - gab - pa nya - yrodha Stg. the stately fig-tree. cu-zem water-tub. cu- zld 1. the image, the reflexion of the moon in the water; a sort of deception of the senses by witchcraft. 2. the w r ater-month, the first month. cu-yzdr a large ladle Cs. - cu-bzdm a covered bucket for carrying water. cu-^dbs water-ditch Sch. cu-yar col. water-rat (?) cu-rdgs dam, dike. cu- ri 'hill of water', billow. cu-rud w r ater rushing in, inundation, deluge. cu-rldbs wave, billow Dzl. cu-ldy the arm of a river Glr. cu-lttd Sch. dung, manure^?) cu-ld n. of an edible plant S.g. cu- I6g floods. cu-ldn, dam, dike Tar. 56, 15. Las. cu-sin wood drifted away by the water = cu- Q grdm-gyi sin v. above; or the translation of ^jc^ft plantain or ba- nana-tree with its spongy wood, in the place of which the Tibetan thinks of the ^om-bu, a shrub of similar qualities, at any rate a symbol of perishableness, of the frailty of life. cu-sun Sch. surface of the water (?) cu-sel v. sel. cu- ysoii Dzl. 9&&, 17. a ravine containing water. cu-sd river-mud, as manure. cu-se'r 1. animal water, serum, whether normal, or of a morbid character M<></. 2. matter, pus. cu-srdii, = -g^ cu-fsod, i.e. a minute; the Indian or Tibetan minute is 159 equal to 24 of our seconds, = 6 dbugs Wdk., cf. cti - fsod. cu - srln a water- or sea- monster, also Capricorn in the Zodiac. cu-lhd water -god (Varuna); also = klui rgydl-po. &'&' -cu, = la-cu, rhubarb, cu-rtsd its ^ ^ root, used as dye and as a laxative C. .^C* cu-nin four years ago C., W. x-ri- cu-pa 1. C. a man's dress, coat, ^ 2. water-carrier. g.q. i-u-ba a large sinew, of which there are 16 ace. to Tibetan anatomy; cu- ba ldog-pa a contraction of the sinews Cs., zd-ba lameness, paralysis of the sinews Sch. cu-rgyus (^T?l) sinews, ligaments and nerves (there are 900 rgyus-pa); with respect to these, as well as to the veins, Tibetan science seems to be rather in the dark. cu-rtsd 'sinew-veins', a term com- ing nearest to what we call the nerves. cu-ba-lna-lddn, and Ina-len Cs. names of countries in India. cu-ma-rtsi a medicinal herb Med. cu-ma-loii, *t l u-gu cu-ma-loii* Ld. an infant, baby. cu-so the external and internal uri- nary organs. v. jvg-pa. cun-ba 1. adj. col. cun-nu, W. also *am-se*, little, small, cun-ces-pas^ Dzl when he was very little; young, bu cun-ba or -nu the younger or the youngest son; lo-cun young in years; ma-ciin the younger sister of the mother; *'d-pa cun- nu* the younger brother of the father; the younger or the youngest of the fathers (in polyandry); cun-nu-nas up from infancy; cun-grogs an early friend, friend of one's youth; cut't-zdd a little, cf. cun-zad\ cun- G$0 sr * a devil devouring infants, infants- devil; *nyin-Kdm-) no-mlg-, 2>o<l-*, or'' f nyom- cun-se* W. shy, timid. 2. vb. to be little, small etc., snyin ma cun cig Glr., be not timorous, do not fear! O dun-ma rgya ma cun cig let the consultation not be tri- Hing, let at once something of moment be consulted; O dun-ma ryya mi cuii-lxtr tnjcd- (fo let us now decide on important things Glr.; ct'ins-pa pf., cuiis-pa yin-nam is it too unimportant? Mil. (cun-jug v.ja). cun- ma, C. also * cun -grogs, cun- O dris*, resp. btsun-nio, wife, consort, partner 13., C.; len-pa to marry; mi zig-gi cun-mar byed-pa to be made a man's wife, to be married. rt-' cud occurs only in cud-yzon-pa, -yson- ^ pa, -ysan-pa, -za-ba, seldom - O dza-ba (Lex.} to consume, spend, waste; cud m zd-ba inexhaustible. cud-pa = O tsud-pa, Jfy-pa, to go, get in or into, to enter, to put in or into etc., to go into a town Dzl.; of food entering the body Dzl.; gan yah run-ba mi cud-pa med all without distinction may enter (my religion), says Buddha, in op- position to the aristocratic exclusiveness of Brahmanism Dzl.; fugs-su cud -pa, resp., to impress on one's mind; fcon-du v. /con- pa; ^6g-tu to subject Tar.; grdbs-su c. ac- cus. to procure, to provide or furnish one's self with a thing Mil. jr<T w cun, occurs in zin-cun one that is ^ ' watering or taking care of fields, fsds- cun gardens ^ol-cun meadows Ld. n -p (^TTT) ' bunch ' bundle - 2 - tuft, tassel, ornament, of silk, pearls etc. cun-ma the second wife in rank. * cun-tse Bal. little, small. cub-pa, a corruption of aid-pa, kun cub-par byao all this is to be well impressed on the mind; dbaii-po fams-cdd- du cub-pa to pass through, to penetrate, every organ Stg. xxrzr cum-pa, )igs-cum-pa Mil., to shrink, to crouch with fear. <rr- cur, terrain, of CM; cur O ci-ba to be ^ drowned. ci't/'-ba a kind of vermicelli, prepar- ed from butter-milk boiled M,-</.. Ld. 160 xxr cus 1. instrum. of cu; Sch. also ctis- ^ -{ton-ba 'to melt'; more correctly: to gild, to plate (in the warm or in the cold way), to overspread with a gold or silver liquid. after five days C., W., or, the present day included, on the sixth day, cog. to bcu. c6" ce 1. num. fig.: 96. 2. v. ce-ba. ce-ge-mo such a one, lo ce-ge-mo zig - la in such and such a year zl.\ 'ce-ge-mo Kyod you so and so Thyr. ce-^rdn W. being jealous of one's own honour, ni f. ce tabs arrogance, haughtiness, sde- pai ce-fabs the arrogance of the great Ma.; *ce-fdbs-med-Kan* W. affable, condescending, kind; ce-fdbs-can proud, arrogant, haughty; ce-fdbs byed-pa B.,*co- ce* W., *zun-wa*C., to be arrogant, haughty. ^K ce-don a missive to an inferior, an ^.q. ce-ba 1. adj. great, (for cen-po); bu ce-ba the eldest son, the elder; ce- bar O gyur-ba to become great or greater, to grow, increase e.g. of passions; ce-bar O gro-ba, cer ^ro-ba id., cf. car, ce-bar byed- pa to make great; frq. in conjunction with nouns: ze-sddn ce-ba great with respect to anger, i.e. very prone to anger; rigs ce- zin being of high extraction; also in com- pounds, v. below. 2 sbst. greatness, high degree Mil. ; superiority, excellence, . . . kyi ce-ba ston-pa to show the superiority of a thing Mil.; *ce-wa srun-wa* Ld. to behave decently, respectably. 3. vb., pf. ces to be great, not only in ce-zin, ce-o, but also in : na-rgydl ma ce-zig do not be great in pride, i.e. do not allow pride to become great Mil., and so in similar cases ; cf. ces. Comp. ce-ka Sch.: 'chiefly; the plura- lity'. ce-kydd greatness, size Dzl. *ce- fjdl* W., *ce-ddl-la cud son* he has entered the class of adults, he has come to full age. ce-rgyu = ce-ba, cf. ryyu 3. ce- brgyud perh. lineage by the eldest sons Glr. ce-cun great and small; size; ce- cun ni in size. ce- don the coming to xr- ' full age Mil.nt. *ce-mi* W. an adult. *ce-lons* C. grown up, adult (Sch. 'chiefly'?) x-g- ce-ze one's elder sister Cs., the elder ' wife Sch. ^q(S" ce-bzi Lis. = bden-dpdii, witness, 1 eye -witness; witness, testimony, ce- bzir dris-te being questioned as a witness, or asked for a testimony Stg. , as sbst. of rare occurrence, Schr.: reason, signification = don; Sch.: ced cen-po a great thing, an important business or affair. Mostly ced-du postp. c. genit. on account of, because of, for; ltd-bai ced-du i/in it is in order to see Pth. ; rin-gyi ced- du as an equivalent Pth.; lhai ced-du O dzln- pa or ynyer-ba, also rjes-su O dzin-pa or ynyer-ba to admit to the discipleship or communion of a god Mil. As an adv. ced-du seems to signify 1. for a certain purpose, designedly, purposely, expressly, e.g. with byed-pa to do, to make a thing; mncigs-pa to send off, dispatch. 2. again, once more, once again, = p'yir Mil. dgos- ced the construction of any noun with pyir- du } ced-du etc., regarded by Tib. gram- marians as a case of declension. * ced-don v. ce-don. cen-po B. and C., ^cen-mo* W., great (cen-mo in B. only as fern. Dzl. ^V , b), cen-por ^yiir-ba, W. *cen cd-ce*, to become great, to increase, col. also for to grow up; skyes-bu cen-po a great man, a man of great worth (by his talents and actions), a saint; *mi cen-mo* W. a man of quality, of rank, a nobleman, a rich man; cen-ma the first wife in rank; cen cun ynyis the first and second wife Glr.; *cen-mo* W. also: old, *tu-gu lo cu cen- mo* a child ten years old. cem-me-ba Lex., Cs. stillness, si- lence, cem - mer O dug - pa Schr., cem-mer Jtod-pa C., to sit still without speaking. cem(s} in compounds: 1. can- cem(s) v. can. 2. /'a-crw(s), resp. zal-cems(s), bka-cem(s) farewell 6X- hortation; last will, testament, srds-la /.- cem(s)-cem(s) 161 cem(s) O jog-pa to deposit a testamentary disposal or devise for a son Glr. *m(8>&m(0 1. the noise made by thunder, by the shock of an earthquake etc., Jbrug-sgra cem-cem sgrogs-pa the rolling, roaring, clapping of thunder; bzad-gdd ^.ur cem-pa a roaring laughter. 2. fcra cem-cem v. /,'rd-bo. 2cjy' &/ terrain, of &, cer O gro-ba to grow, increase; &r skt/e-ba to become great; to grow up, cer skyes-pa partic. grown up, adult; da-dun cer foti go on! go on! Mil.; ryyal - srid byd - ba cer ma byun Glr. his government was not (yet) of much con- sequence (as he was too young); nes-pa cer med this is not quite evident to me Mil; perh. Tar. 36, 16; 101, 22; 120, 21 ; 169, 14 will allow a similar interpretation of cer. cer-na S.O. yea; still more (?). ces 1. instrum. of ce. 2. pf. of ce- ba, as adv. very, Ka-zds nan ce's-kyi as the food is very bad DzL; ces sgrin-pa very prudent or clever Sch.; ces ddr-bar gyur-to it spread very much Tar. ^ es ~P a 1- pf- f ce-ba to be great, ha-can yan ces-so he is much too great DzL; dmag-dguit ces-pa a great army; dbaii, ces-pas being very mighty Glr.; car ces-pas as it rained heavily Pth. ; dga ces- nas greatly rejoicing Mil. 2. to believe, but only when preceded by yid (resp. fugs), or bden (col.), c. la, also c. accus., or par, that, Dzl. ?vS, 18. " co 1. num. fig.: 126. 2. as a word for itself seldom to be met with, e.g. Ld.-Glr. Schl. fol. 13, 6, Tar. 129, 20; signification not clearly to be made out. *co- med-pa* C. = don-med-pa to no purpose, vain; fickle. vr_. co-ga (fofv) tne wa Y or method of ' doing a thing, e.g. of solving an arithmetical problem Wd/c., of curing ma- ladies $.<?., esp. used of magic performances, co-ga-pa Cs., co-ga-mKan Mil., a performer of such ceremonies. Whether it may safely be used for religious rites or ceremonies in general, is doubtful. co-go Bal. great. Z~'^-> co -iies, lamentation, wailing, esp. lamentations for the dead, dirge, O debs - pa DzL , O bod-pa, O don-pa in more recent literature, byed-pa Sch., to lament, wail, cry, clamour; with la to cry to a person; the crying of a new-born child Ttyy. - prul magical trick, jugglery, often put to rdzu-Qprul, also used of the apparitions and doings of goblins Mil. Cf. rdzu- prul. co-ba to set on (a dog), co-co-ba to set on repeatedly Cs. co-Jyrdn(s) Mil.-, Cs.: the mother's family or lineage; co-rigs DzL frq. Cs.: 1. the father's lineage, descent by the father's side ; 2. an honourable extraction. co-ris Mil., frq. == co-rigs, also applied to things, e.g. a cane: co-ris ye-nas btsun-pa a cane of an excellent kind, not coming from any mean or noxious plant. co-lo 1 . die, dice, game at dice. - 2. seal(?) co-lo-mKan a dice- player Cs., co-lo rtse-ba to play at dice Cs.; co-lo-ris Glr. the figure of a die, a square figure, in Glr. 47,9 the Mongol translation substitutes a wheel, v. K6r-lo; a checkered colouring or pattern, e.g. of cotton cloth C. "rn' cog 1. for co-ga; bon- cog Mil. the ' ceremony of the Bonpos. 2. v. ^cog- pa. 3. v. cog-pa. cog-pa vb., sbst., adj. 1. to be suffi- cient, sufficiency, sufficient, ccdpir: iied-la de-kas cog it is sufficient for us, we are satisfied Mil. ; dris-pas (instr. of pai} cog-go DzL %&?, 10 (there has been) enough of asking, = don't ask any more! gdn-du bzugs kyati cog-par O dug it is suffi- cient (for him) wherever he may live, i.e. he is satisfied with any place of living Mil. ; ned-la nor &>//s-,sy//"</-/ ///* c<'i<i-j>a yod we have money and goods enough Mil. ; O di yn-ffin - ^////.s cog - na if these three are sufficient for you Mil.: rln-po-c^ cng-j>nr 11 162 cogs-pa col-zdns gyur-nas when they had precious stones enough Dzl. ; O di-tsam-gyis cog-pa ma yin- no that is not enough, that will not do Dzl. ; sgdl-pa mi brgya zon cog-pa his back (is) large enough for a hundred men to ride pn it Glr.; adv.: cog-par sufficiently, e.g. sbyin-pa to give Dzl. ; *ma cog-pa* or *-ga* W. (col. for cog -par'), *duh-ce ma cog - ga sad son* he not only struck but killed him ; pyin-pas cog-gi it being suffi- cient (for the present) that I have come Mil. ; fams-cdd-la cog-par gyur - te as all were satisfied Dzl.; cog -par O dzin-pa to deem a thing sufficient, to be contented or satisfied with it; cog ses-pa vb., sbst, adj. to be contented, contentment, content; ltd-bas cog mi ses-pai rdzas a thing at which one cannot look enough Glr., Pth.; yo- bydd-kyi (better kyis) cog ses-pa easily satisfied as to the necessaries of life. 2. to be allowed, permitted, at liberty, con- strued in the same manner: Krid-pas cog you may have lessons with me, I will instruct you Mil; ^gran-pas cog I am quite at liberty to compete with you, we may safely compete with each other Glr.; O fso- ba drdns-pas cog you can have meat set before you Mil.; with a root: bu byin cog then you may render up your son; hence it is in W. the usual word for run - ba, *ndh-du ca cog-ce yin-na man* is it allowed to enter or not? *srdd-ma za cog* eating pease is allowed, also: pease are edible; *le-na Kyon cog ka tan* he issued an edict, that it should be permitted to fetch wool, i.e. he (the Maharajah of Kashmir) per- mitted the export of wool; *Ub - na pul cog when it arrives, I shall take the liberty of sending it to you. cogs-pa seldom for O cdg-pa to be broken Mil. con, mcon a transparent, va- riegated, half- precious stone brought from India to Ld. and considered less valuable than yzi; perh. cornelian or sardonyx ? &- cod 1. C. the cutting off; deciding; *tal- ' co' gya cem-pojhe'-pa* to bring about a great remission of taxes, *bhu-lon-co'* re- mission of debts; *sa-co' gya cem-po jhe- pa* to make a great way; cf. however pyod. 2. partition-wall Sch., cod rgydg- pa prob. to construct a partition-wall. 3. v. y cod-pa. 2fr'T cod-pa 1. to be cut off, Idm-sgo ynyis Kd-bas cod-de both approaches being cut off or obstructed by snow Mil.; bead kyari mi cod-do impossible to be severed, caedendo non caeduntur, Glr. ; mi-cod-rdo- rje a diamond that cannot be cut to pieces, an epithet of a firm unbending king Pth. - 2. to be decided, settled, fixed, gon-fdn dpydd-kyis (or pas) mi cod Glr. the value (of the stone) cannot be fixed, though one should attempt to apprize it i.e. it is in- valuable, priceless; go cod-pa v. go. cdd-po W. 1. split, cut through; 2. distinct, of words or writings. %- con 1. W. (cog. to cudT) useless, to ' no purpose, rin con son the payment has been useless, thrown away; gen. adv. * con-la* gratuitously, in vain, for nothing, * con-la Kon-ce* to hate without cause or reason; * con-la ddd-ce* to sit idle, to spend one's time unprofitably. 2. tent (?), con- fag tent-rope Mil., con-piir tent-pin. com(s) 1. robbery, corns -kyis zas O fsol-ba to live on robbery Ma.; com-po robber Dzl., com-po rkun-ma robber and thief, gen. com-rkun, com - rkun - gyi ^igs-pa fear of robbers and thieves ; com- rkun-pa id. Stg. 2. imp. of joms-pa. cdm-pa to be finished, accomplished, W., *fo-re torn yin* to-morrow it will be finished, *da com son* now it is done, completed; cf. cam. col 1. inconstant Cs.- dpyid-col fickle spring- weather. 2. Cs. : for co-lo in compounds, rus-col a die made of bone; sin-col a wooden die; dun-col shells used inst. of dice(?). col-kaSch. : 'a hole made by a blow; a nest'. col-zdns a shallow shore Sch. 163 cos (v$l) ! doctrine, a particular doctrine, tenet, or precept; ysdn-bai cos sig an esoteric doctrine, a mystery ZteZ. ; Kydd-cos for Hyad-par-can-gyi cos a peculiar, distinguished, sublime, and there- fore difficult doctrine; ^ig - rten - gyi cos brgijad the eight doctrines or principles of the world (though frq. mentioned, I found them nowhere specified) cf. Fou- caux Gyatcherr., Translation p. 264; cos- brgydd-mEan, a man of the world, worldling Mil. More esp. 2. moral doctrine, whether any separate dogma, or the sum of various doctrines, religion in general, both theoreti- cally (system of morality, ethics) and prac- tically (faith', exercise of religion); Wa- co's the religion of the gods or (Buddhist) deities, i.e. the Buddhist religion, as the only true one, in opposition to all other heresies and false religions (log -cos), as well as to irreligiousness (cos ma yin-pa); lea-cos profession with the lips, hypocrisy Glr. ; Jcrig-pai cos-la brten-pa those prac- tising the religion of voluptuousness (an expression designedly forcible, like St. Paul's: 'whose god is their belly 1 ); mi- cos v. below; cos O cdd-pa, or bsdd-pa, ston-pa, smrd-ba, sgrog-pa, resp. cos-kyi sgrog-gUn mdzdd-pa Glr. to expound, to teach, to preach religion; cos smrd-bai Zdl- la ltd-ba to watch the mouth of the preacher Pth.; *co dog- pa* C. to read a religious book; *cos sad -Kan* W. a preacher; cos O cdd-pai O dun-fi,dn place where sermons are delivered, church DzL; cos nydn-pa to hear religious discourses DzL ; cos zu- ba to ask for religious discourses; partic.: one eagerly desiring or asking for religious instruction, an inquirer Pth., Mil.', cos byed- pa to act or live religiously, righteously, ~ cos bzin-du byed-pa; also merely to wish to become pious, to strive after piety; fcyed snyin-nas cos byed-na if you are in good earnest about religion, if piety is the aim of your heart Mil.; lastly in a special sense: to become or to be a monk Pth.; cos -la sems sgyur-ba Mil. to show an inclination for religion, to turn religious; cos-su, or cos -la J)ug-pa 1. vb. nt. to enter into religion, to be converted, also : to go over to a religion, to turn (Buddhist), 2. vb. act. to convert, to turn a person from a bad life to a good one, to make him a believer, to make another a convert, a proselyte; cds-/a ^dd-pa = ^jug-pa 1; cos spyod-pa to practise religion; the exercise of religion, worship S.g.; bka-cos the word of Buddha, the doctrine as taught by Buddha himself; rtogs-pai cos Thgy. the knowledge acquired by meditation, inde- pendently of books, scarcely different from nes-don, or non-ses; bstdn-pai cos Thgy. any knowledge derived from other sources. - 3. in a special sense the religion of Buddha, Buddhism, ddm-pai cos, and frq. dam -pa cos id. (cf. 1} TIIOTIS Acts 6, 7); cos dan bon Buddhism and Bon - religion Mil.', cos-la Idn-spyod-par O gyur-ba to live in the enjoyment of true faith. 4. re- ligious writings, and writings, books, literature in general, in as much as the Tibetans derivate every science from religion; bon- gyi cos fams-cdd all the Bon- writings Mil. 6. custom, manner, common usage, fashion, mi-cos manners of the world Mil.; mi-cos- kyi dus-su as long as he lived according to the ways of the world Mil. ; yul - cos- kyis according to the custom of the country DzL; kydd-cos the way of distinguishing, of pointing out the characteristics Glr. (cf. under 1); nature, quality, DzL 9L^ 18 cf. cos-nyid. 6. substance, being, thing, cos fams-cdd mi-rtdg-pa yin-gyi as every thing existing is perishable DzL Other philo- sophical expressions containing the word cos v. Was. (296). Comp. * 6s-skad* W. book -language, as opp. to pal - skad. <?ds - sku v. sku. cos-skyon v. skyon-ba. cos-f> ; >'i reading- desk, lecturer's chair, pulpit /*/<.; reading- table, school-desk. fos-fcrims v. /r////.s. cos-tinms-pa v. dge-bskds. cos- kor vulgo prayer -mill; the column of disks on the mfod-rten Pth. v. K6r-lo 2, also K6r-lo extr. cos-f/rd school. cos-(kyi) rgydl (-po) 1 . honorary title of kings deserving 164 well of religion. 2. = ysin-rje Schl. Buddh. 93, 3. also as a p. n. cos-rgyud religious tradition, also = confession, creed, rje-btsim- gyi cos-rgyud O dzin -pa - mams those em- bracing the religious tradition of his re- verence, his fellow-believers Mil. ; cos-rgyud ycig-pa one confessing the same faith or religion Thgr. cos-can 1. pious, devout. 2. v. cos 5, jig-pai cos-can yin having the properties of perishableness, being subject to the law of mutability Thgy. cos-rje 'lord of the faith', viz. 1. Buddha Lex., 2. devout or righteous lord, title of honour given to distinguished scholars Tar. transl. 331, and elsewh. ; perh. also = cos-rgydl. cos-nyid i. = cos 5, quality, nature, rgyd- mfsoi cos-nyid-kyis in a manner peculiar to the sea, Dzl vSC, 9 (112, 9?). 2. philo- sophical term: existence, entity, = de-bzin- nyid (ace. to Thgy.} by which the Buddhist however means a negation of being, non- existence , non - entity. cos - stegs W. -- cos-Kri. cos-ston religious festive enter- tainment given to saints Glr. cos-drd/'/- po righteous with regard to the laws of religion (adopted by Prot. Miss, for the scriptural term 'righteous' or 'just'), cos- drdn-ba justice, righteousness. cos-Id an = Ms-can. cos - sde convent, monastery, Wdk., Glr. cos- pa a religious man, a divine, a monk. cos-spun a religious brother; such brotherhoods e.g. are formed by two devotees, before going on a pilgrimage. After having been consecrated by a priest, who consults the lot on such an occasion, they owe hospitality and mutual assistance to each other for life. cos-spyod exercise Of religion; cos-spyod-bcu = dge-ba-bcu. cos-sbyin is said to be frq. used in book- titles : bkra-sis-lhun-po-nas cos-sbyin O dzad- med spel pyir bris written from Tashilhunpo as a religious gift for infinite increase and blessing. cos-blon a pious functionary or official (bdud-blon an impious or wicked one) Glr. cos-ma a religious woman, a nun 6s. cos-med without religion, irreligous, wicked. cos-myon religious frenzy, W.: *cos-nyon zugs* he has become deranged, mcig his brains are turned (in consequence of meditating). cos-zog priestcraft Mil. '<= cos-lugs religious party, denomination, sect. *cos-sem-can* W. inclined to religion, pious. cdd-pa Lex.: = 'tomb, sepulchre; = pramarita Ssk. killed, slain; mcdd-pa-med-pa entire, perfect; mcdd-par byd-ba = mahiman Ssk. greatness ; also the magical power of increasing size at will'. m ^ an *' *^ e s ' t ' e ^ ^ e ' }reas ^ m wn- gyi bu bosom-child, darling, mcdn- gyi mcis-brdn bosom-wife (cf. our 'bosom- friend'); mcdn-du O jug-pa to put into one's bosom Glr.; mcdn-lhiii arm-hole, arm-pit, often = mean; mean-Hun yyds-pai rtsib- mai bar nas (the Buddhas are born) from between the ribs of the right side (cf. mnal); * can-da* W. pocket, in clothes, cf. dku-mda. 2. v. the following article. jX(T*q' mcdn-bu 1. apprentice, bzoi in a ' - handicraft, trade or art, rig-pai in a science, disciple 6s., sgya-ma-mKan- gyi appr. of a juggler, conjurer Zam. - 2. yi-ge'i mcdn-bu words or lines, printed or written in a smaller character than the rest, and inserted in the text (called md- yig 6s.) like our parenthesis, but without brackets; hence 3. note, annotation (Sch. also: testimony?). jS|._. mci-ba, eleg. for 1. to come, to go, sldd - bzin - par mcio I shall come later Dzl ; to appear, used of a god ; skydbs- su (to put one's self) under the protection of another person, ccd.; O bdns-su mcio 1 will obey Mil. 2. to say, zes mcio thus he said. &jJ&*&T m M~ ma -> res P- spyan-cdb a tear, J)yin-pa\ d6n-pa Glr., bldg-paDzl., ytdti-ba Mil. to shed (tears); skem-pa to dry up tears 6s. ; O pyi-ba to wipe off tears 6s.; mci-mas brndn-ba to be choked with tears, to sob violently Sch. jrxqr mcig 1. 6s. a stone for grinding ' spice etc., a mortar; mcig-gu a small mortar Sch. , a pestle Cs. 2. the nether mill -stone, mciy-ma the runner or upper mill -stone, Sch., nicig skor-ba to grind Sch. 165 meed mem-bu Cs. = O cm-bu. a-mctd, ysuti-mcid, W. *mol- ' c?d* resp the talk, discourse, speech (of an honoured person) 6s.; mcid-ldn answer to such speech Mil. ^fepT m n -P a , resp- sku-mcin the liver; mcin-dri, mcin - n the midriff or diaphragm; mein-/i-a liver-coloured; mcin- ndn 'liver - pressing', first breakfast, be- cause according to popular belief water rises from the human liver in the morning, which is depressed and appeased by taking some food; mcin -nan byed-pa to break- fast. fishing-hook Dzl, mcil- pas nya O cdr - ba to fish with a hook, to angle Cs. 2. a little bird, W. *ct-pa*, Ts. *cil-pig; ci-pa sky a -wo* W. sparrow; mcil-Kra sparrow-hawk; mcil- mgo a fabulous stone, like a bird's head, supposed to possess a variety of marvelous qualities. SlS&TSr m ^~ ma 1- W. *mcil-mdg*, resp. fyags-mcil, Ijags-cdb spittle, prob. also other similar fluids Lt.; O dor-ba (W. *pdn-ce) to spit; mcil-lud ( W. *mcil-ldud*) morbid saliva, e.g. of people affected with a cough or with hectic fevers; meil-sndbs prob. id.; mcil-snod, resp. zal-bzed, spitting- box; mcil-zum, mcil-bkdb W. slavering-bib or cloth. 2.=mcil-lhdm Tar. 72, 9? &|Jaj-aj&!- mcil-lhdm shoe, boot, mcil-lhdm ynyis O dor-ba to lose both shoes Wdn. mcil-lhdm -mKan shoemaker, cob- bler, seller of boots; mcil-lhdm-gyi yu-ba the leg of a boot Cs. 5|e^f*r mas-pa 1. also mcis-ldgs-pa, eleg. for yod-pa, to be, to be there, to exist, du mcis how much is there, how many are there? 6s.; su-la ddm-pai cos mas -pa whoever has the holy doctrine Dzl.; yul dbus-nas mcis-so (he) is (comes) from the country II Dzl. 2. pf. of mci- ba 1. lam Hn-po-nas mcis-te having come from afar. 2. zes mcis-pa so-called. - ele g- dwelling, abode, domicile ; also when speaking modestly of one's own dwelling: bddq-gi mcis-brdii my humble roof Dzl. 2. Lex. wife, partner. 5$&W mtis-mdl bed, bed-stead Cs. ^.mcu 1. lip, ya-mcu upper lip, ma- 3 mcu lower lip ; mcu btud mfi'as Wil. prob.: one must be wise in lowering the lips, i.e. one must yield, giving up pouting; Ka-mcu, resp. zal-mcu \. lip 2. word, voice (?) Sch. 3. quarrel, strife, ka-mcit, rgyal-pdm ji-ltar byuti ze-na if one asks, which are the details of the quarrel ; *kam- cu jlw -pa* C. *gydg-pa* Cs. to quarrel. 2. beak or bill of birds, mcu-la fogs-te O gro-ba to fly, carrying something in the bill S. 0. ; mcu-lto (or cu-mdo ?) W. id. 3. n. of one of the lunar mansions, v. rgyu-skar. Comp. mcu-skye muzzle Sch. mcu- sgros v. s^ros. mcu-fdr Sch. (prob. a. mis-print for mcu-for) pustules, tubercular elevations on the lips. mcu-ritis long- beaked, n. of a bird, and also of an in- sect (a large musquito). 3^*q- mce-ba, Cs. also mce-so, corner-tooth, canine tooth, eye-tooth, fang, tusk of an animal, mce-la ytsigs-pa, W. *ze-ce*, to show one's teeth, to grin; mce-ba-can-gyi sde the class of the tusked animals, viz. the carnivora (lion, tiger, leopard), and the tusked pachydermata (elephant, boar etc.). , sku - mctd, meed - Icdm, resp. i for spun, brother, sister; meed j-nyis my two brothers Dzl. ; srds-mo Uta-lcdm meed bzi four princesses, sisters; del meed his illustrious brother, in reference to a king, prince etc. Glr.; esp. of gods: wr/</ bzi four divine brothers Glr.; mced-grogs y grogs -meed clerical brother, meed -grogs mdn-po fsogs-par where many clerical brothers assemble; meed -grogs dam - t*<<i yeig-pa Thgr. betrothed brothers, religious brothers, = cos-spun; also 'tuiril-ledm has this signification. 166 meed-pa T mcod-pa gjj^-.q. meed - pa 1. to spread, to gain ; ground, esp. of a fire, frq.; also fig.: bddg-gi O dod-cdgs-kyi me meed -pas as the fire of voluptuousness spread or increased within me DzL; also in the following sense: mdr-me ycig-la ycig meed Itar as one kindles one light by another Mil. ; ycig glen ynyis glen rim-pas mced-de as (the news) spread more and more by gossiping people Pth. skye-mced v. skye. 2. = yyo-ba, mi-mced-pai dad-pa = dad- pa brtdn-po. '^T mcer-pa the milt, spleen. mcog the best, the most excellent in its kind, skyes-bu mcog, mii mcog, rkan-ynyis-rnams-kyi mcog Buddha; nyes- Itun-gis ma poo -pa (or no) mcog yin-te pog-rtin bsdgs-pa byed-pa rob yin Mil. the best thing is, not to have been surprised by sin, but after having been surprised, it is the best to confess it (and thus to atone for it); ysun-mcog chief or funda- mental doctrine, main dogma, principal commandment etc. Glr.', na ni ^ig-rten O di-na mcog I am the highest in the world (says Buddha immediately after his birth) Glr. ynas-mcog the most glorious or splen- did country Glr. ; ro-mcog excellent taste or flavour Mil. ; mKas-mcog -rnams most learned gentlemen Zam. ; also as a compli- mentary word; mi mcog Kyod most honour- ed Sir! Pth.\ mcog-dmdn, mcog dan fun- mon, mcog dan p'dl-pa, good and bad, first-rate and common, fine and ordinary, of goods etc.; eminent and ordinary, of mental gifts, talents etc.; mcog-tu gyur-pa mcog, e. g. mi-rnams-kyi ndn-na mcog- tu gyur-pa ycig one that has risen among men, so as to become their chief Glr.; yul-rnams-kyi mcog-tu gyur-pa the most splendid of countries. Adv.: mcog-tu very, most, with verbs: bon-po-la mcog-tu mos-pa zig a great admirer of the Bonpos Mil.; gen. with adjectives: ro mcog-tu mndr-ba extremely sweet; with the com- parative: much, far, by far, greatly, de- bas mcog-tu ceo ... is far or much greater than that DzL Comp. mcog-sbyin pyag-rgyd a gesture made in practising magic, in conjuring up or exorcising ghosts. mcog - zuh the model pair, the two most excellent amongst Buddha's disciples, Shariibu and Mau- dgalgyibii, v. Kopp. mcog-rin longest to leap, to jump, frq., e.g. cur into the water; mi-seb-la among the people, e.g. of a mad dog). rg_.,. mcod-pa (^w) I- vb. 1. to honour, revere, respect, receive with hon- our, kun-gyis bkur zin mcod-pai ^.os worthy of being honoured and praised by all; usually ccapir. (rarely dp.) in the special sense: to honour saints or deities by offer- ing articles of food, flowers, music, the sound, odour and flavour of which they are supposed to relish, hence to treat, entertain, regale (the gods), and in a more general sense applied also to lifeless ob- jects, e.g. to honour a sepulchre in such a manner; Glr. mcod-pa may therefore in English be sometimes translated by: to offer, to sacrifice, but it should always be borne in mind, that no idea of self-denial or yielding up a precious good (as is im- plied by the English word), or of slaughter- ing, as in the Greek ttvew, can be con- nected with the Tibetan word itself, though in practice bloody sacrifices, abhorred as they are by pure Buddhism in theory, are not quite unheard of, not only animals being immolated to certain deities, but also men notoriously noxious to religion slaughtered as dmar - mcod, red offering, to the dgrd-lha q.v. 2. C. resp. to eat, drink, take, taste, (in W. expressed by *don-ce*). II. sbst offering, oblation, libation, mcod- pa Jbul-ba, W. *pul-ce* frq., also byed-pa; rol-mo mcod-par O bul-ba to bring an mcod-pa 167 O cag-pa offering of music Mil. : mcod-pa sna-fsogs fogs-te carrying along with them all sorts of offerings Glr.; m cod-pat Kydd-par bcu the ten kinds of offerings Tar. ; lha-mcdd offering or libation brought to a lha\ O bru- mcod an offering consisting of grain; dus- mcod offerings presented at certain times Pth.; rgyun-mcod daily offering; fig. ddd- pai mcod-pa Mil.; ytan-rdg-tu sgrub-pai mcod-pa pul as a thanksgiving bring the offering of meditation! Mil. - Comp. mcod-Kan house or place of offer- ings, of worship, Pth. ; adopted as an appel- lation for the temple of the Jews, as IM- Kan could not be used Chr. Prot. mcod- Kri offering-table, Jewish altar, Chr. Prot. mcod-lcog prob. the same, C. mcod- cd Glr. = mcod-rdzds. mcod-brjod words of adoration, doxology. mcod-rten Ssk. ffcr (religious building) and ^rq (elevated place, elevation, tumulus) l.etymologically; receptacle of offerings ; 2. usually : a sacred pyramidal building, of a form varying in different countries and centuries, esp. near temples and convents, where often great numbers of these structures are to be seen. They were originally sepulchres, containing the relics of departed saints, and therefore called yduh-rten-, afterwards they were erected as cenotaphs, i.e. in honour of deceased saints buried elsewhere, but in more recent times they are looked upon as holy symbols of the Buddhist doc- trine, v. Kopp. I, 533. mcod-stegs offer- ing-table, altar. mcod-stod Sc/i.: an offering with a hymn of praise. mcod- ston an entertainment, as sort of libation, given to the priests DzL; perh. also a sacrificial feast. mcod-sdon 1. Sch. = mcod-rten (?), 2. offering-lamp Sc/i., 3. the wick of such a lamp (in this sense it is used in a little botanical book). mcod- ynds 1. prop, place where there is offered, place of sacrifice. 2. the object to which veneration is shown, image of a god (?//., sanctuary. 3. the offering priest, the sacri- ficator. mcod-pa-po a sacrificer Cs. mcod-Jbul the offering of a sacrifice Cs. mcod-sbyin id. (though elsewhere mcod-pa sbst, as a gift to deities, is distinct from sbyin-pa a gift to men), also: sacrificer; mcod-sbyin-gyi O dun-Kdn house where people assemble in order to perform sa- crifices; sr6g-gi mcod-sbyin bloody offer- ings or sacrifices Tar. mcod-me offer- ing - lamp, lighted in honour of a deity, and very common in the houses of Bud- dhists; *cod-me pul-ce* W. to light such a lamp, (prop, to offer it). mcod-rdzds, mcod-cd, mcdd-pai yo-bydd instruments, utensils, requisite for festival processions in honour of a deity. mcod - soms or -bsdms the upper shelves in the holy re- positories, containing the little statues of Buddha etc. gy^a^'CT mc&r-po, sometimes O pyor-po 1. pretty, handsome, neat, elegant, po mcor-po a handsome man, bud-med mcor- mo a pretty woman, esp. a smart gaily dressed female. 2. W. also vain, con- ceited. Q^rrr&r 9- can c l- trodden, stamped; solid, firm, compact, like the Hindustani pakka. (WW Jw-pa I- P f - cog (s) 1. to break vb. n., snod cog-pa a broken vessel DzL] fig. na-rgydl cag my pride is broken, frq. ; der- byon- stabs cog the opportunity of going there has been cut off Mil. ; *lam cdg-pa (also soy-pa)* C. a. a beaten, practicable road (a road broken through, v. O ceg-pa) b. W. an impracticable, broken- up road. 2. to be broken off, abated, beaten down from the price, zu-cdg-med- par there being no room for either asking or abating Mil. nt. II. also cdgs -pa, pf. bcags, fut. bcag (imp. O cog?) 1. to tread, to walk, to move, esp. when speaking respectfully or for- mally, yab-mes-kyi zdbs-kyis bcdgs-pai sd-ca the place where my ancestors did walk Glr.; zabs cdgs-pai pyag pyir ^ro follow me on my walk Mil. nt. O cdg- tu or O ccigs - su ^rd - ba to take a walk Dzl. ; *g6m-cag-ce* W. to step along so- lemnly; aig-peb-ya v. pydy-peb-pa. 2. 168 '^T O cdgs-pa O cdr-ba like ^gro-ba in a more general sense: bzon- pa - la, cibs -la to ride in a carriage, on horseback Cs. o<% s -/ 1 v - Jag-pa. - 2. sometimes for O ceg-pa. T %( s > sa a P la ce for walking, L&r.r., Cs. Qxr"r|" O cdn-ba, pf. beans, fut. bean, imp. cb/j(s), 1. to hold, to keep, to take hold of, skrd-la by the hair Mil. O can- zuns handle, crook of a stick, Mil. 2. to carry, to wear, to carry about one, e.g. amulets etc. - - 3. (yid - la) to keep in memory, in one's mind. 4. to have, to assume, e.g. the body of a goddess, of a Rakshasi Pth. Qx^j-^r O cdns-pa W. a (closed) handful e.g. of dough; *cdits-bu* a clod (of clay), a snow-ball etc. formed in the hand. cdd-pa I. pf. cad, vb. n. to ycod- pa, like cod -pa, to be cut into pieces, to be cut off, to decay, dum-bur (to fall) to pieces Med.; to cease, end, Stop, of diseases Glr., of life Lea;.; to cease to flow or to blow, of water or wind; to die away, to become extinct, of a family, a generation; to be consumed, of provisions Pth. of bodily strength Thyy.; to be decided, Kyod - kyis bsdd - par O cdd - na you being determined to kill me Dzl. - II. pf. and fut. bsad, imp. sod 1. to explain, <6g-tu Q cad it will be explained below Lt. iiid - la bi/os siq dan bsdd - do * O & / give heed, and I will explain it to you Sty.; O cad nydn-pa to listen to an expla- nation Sch. ; O jig cos ftam, O cdd-pa to teach the transitoriness of existence Sch. (?) 2. to tell, to relate. O cdb-pa, pf. bcabs, fut. bcab, imp. cob to conceal, to keep secret, O cdb- pa-med-pai sems a candid mind, open- heartedness Stg. (cog. to ^db-pd). O cdm-pa I. vb. (pf. beam Lex.}, also adj. and sbst. to accord, to agree, agreeing, agreement, srid-la mi pam- pas as they did not agree about the go- vernment Glr.; O cam byed-pa to make agree, to reconcile Mil., *cam mi cam* col. they do not agree; Ka O cdm-pa to agree upon, to concert, e.g. an escape; Ka O cdm-par by concert, unanimously. II. 1. to dance, O cdm-par byed-pa Sch. 2. a dancer, Uro O cdm-pa a dancer with a frightful mask; gar - O cdm(s) a dance; O cdm-po a dancer Glr.' O cam-dpon leader of a dance; O cdm-i/ig book or programme of a dance. ,' ca Ld., Sp. cupboard. o cd-ba I. pf. bcos, rarely O cas, fut. bca, imp. cos, to make, prepare, construct, but used only in reference to certain things; 1. ynas, vulg. fsati, O cd-ba Pth. to prepare a place, house or abode, to settle; mal O cd-ba to make a bed or couch Cs. ; dmay-scfdr Q cd-ba to pitch a camp ; Krims-ra O cd-ba to establish a court of justice Glr. 2. rgyal-Krims O cd-ba to draw up a law, to give laws, frq. 3. dam O cd-ba to make a vow, to promise, assert, protest, frq.; yi-dam O cd-ba id.; also to utter a prayer; dam -bca v. sub dam. 4. skyil-kriih cd-ba = skyil-kruu byed-pa, v. skyil-ba. 5. bio-}- tad O cd-ba, c. c. la, to place confidence in. II. to bite, fdg-la fcig O cd-zin zd-la to bite and devour one another Dzl.; so O cd-ba to bite with the teeth (?) Mng., or to gnash or grind the teeth (?); sin O cd-ba to gnaw at a piece of wood Stg. Q.XX' Jij;* Q va>r-rgydn, or ^car-can a present given reluctantly Sch. (?) o &f. - ba, pf. sar, to rise, appear, become visible, of the sun etc., also of the sun's appearing above a moun- tain, from behind a cloud etc., frq.; to Shine, gans-ri-la nyi-ma sar-ba the shining of the sun upon a mountain covered with snow, a snowy mountain lit up by the rays of the sun Glr. ; yzugs - brnydn mi O car-ba the not appearing of the image which is formed by the reflection of a mirror (as something strange and surpris- ing) Wdn; yzugs O cdr-ba byed-pa to cause an image to be reflected (in the water); ' Jdl-ba 169 dpyid-ka sar spring has appeared; frq. of thoughts: nydms - su, or yid - la O cdr - ba (thoughts) rising in one's mind; yid -la sar kyan Mil. though I can figure it in my mind; grogs-su O car (they) appear as friends Mil. ; rgydn-du O car Mil. it turned into a blessing. O cdr-sgo thought, idea, conception, O cdr-sgo Jbyuti an idea comes, a (happy) thought, a (new) light, bursts upon me Mil.; O car-ga Mil. the rising, the rise. O cdl-ba, secondary form to O col- ba II., 1. Cs.: to fluctuate men- tally; in this sense prob. Zam. ytad-med O cdl-ba to fluctuate, to waver, without aim or object. 2. to be confused, in disorder. smra- cdl, also Q cal-ytdm smra Lt., as a morbid symptom, prob. he raves, he talks nonsense. 3. morally : tsul - Krims O cdl-ba S.g. to break one's vow, bsldb- pa to act contrary to the doctrine, to violate it Tar.; in a more restricted sense : 4. to fornicate, to commit adultery, bud- med smad- cdl byed-pa a whore, harlot Mil.; O cdl-pa, -po lecher, fornicator Stg.; O cdi-pa-rnams-kyi fsig obscene language, mentioned as sub-species of kydl-ka; O cdl- mo whore. *cal-la-col-U* W., cal-col Tar. 184, 20 confusedly, pellmell. o $i-ba, pf. si, 1. vb. to die, of a flame: to go out; ran O co I will seek death Dzl.; O ci-ba yin he dies, will die S.g.; O ci or si-ba-las so's-par O gt/ur-ba Dzl. to be saved from imminent danger of death (but not: to rise from the dead); O ci-bar byed-pai cu water causing death Sambh.; si-bar gyur-to they perished Pth. 2. sbst., the state of dying, death, O ci- ba tsdm - du O gyur - ba to die almost (of grief etc.) Mil.; dus-min O ci-ba nyun-ba yin premature death rarely occurs Sambh.; O ci-ba nam yon ca med Mil. when death will come one does not know, ( W. *si-ce* to die; death; *si son* he has died, *& yin* he will die). Comp. O ci-Ka Cs. : 'the very act of dying,' but I doubt whether such a sbst. exists; I only know the adv. O ci-fcar at his very dying, at the point of death Mil., when being exstinguished Glr. (v. liar sub Ka IV. 4, 5), and O ci-ka-ma 1. adj. dying, dud- ^gro ci-Ka-ma a dying animal Glr.-, 2. sbst. the dying, O ci -ka- ma -ru = ci- Kar (doubtful) ; O ci - kar and O ci - gar may be incorrect spellings. O ci-ltas, more rarely O ci(-bai) rtdgs forebodings, foretokens of death Med. O ci-bddg the lord of death, perh. = ysin-^rje, but it seems to be more a poetical expression than a mythological personage; O ci-bddg bdud id. O ci-ndd a disease causing death, a fatal disease Tar. O ci-ba-po Cs.; a person dying (?) Jci-dba^-med^-pa) immortal; cf. si-ba. - Note. O ci O p'6-ba is prob. only a rather incorrect, yet common expression for fse O po-ba to change one's place of existence, to transmigrate. ^ i d(^'P a to b | nd Sch -> P rob - an incorr. spelling for O k'yig-pa. f - b ?: J 8 ;?" L vb., pi. bctns, tut. bciri, imp. O an(s), W. *cin-ce*, to bind (in ge- neral); to fetter (a prisoner) DzL; to bind or tie up, to cord, a bundle or package; to tie round, to put on, a girdle Glr.; to bind up, to dress, wounds; fig. to render harmless, to neutralize, paralyze, esp. by witchcraft, to exorcise, frq.; bcins O grol-ba to untie, to loosen, to take off the dress- ings Lt. II. sbst. any binding-material 1. ribbon, mgul-cit'ts necklace, neckcloth, neckerchief. - 2. fetter, shackle, also fig. for magic curse, anathema. 3. string, tie. 4. cramp, spasm C. o cm - bu a spurious, glass jewel (Schf. Tar. 142, 9); bsam-yas- cm-bu p. n. Ma. %K s )-P a , P f - *&* fut - *>"*>> imp. tibs resp. to ascend, to mount, a horse or carriage, rtd-la, or more correctly cibs-la, to ride, to proceed on horseback. O-P to be full > to set full Sch, 11* jfor-ba O c6l-pa r -&<*> evidently a present-form of the pf. cir-ba, to press, to squeeze. _ jp-jn* O cu-ba I. ace. to grammatical ana- ^ logy 1. vb. n. to j-cud-pa, to be twisted, distorted, pf. O CMS. 2. sbst. cur- vature, crookedness, distortion. 3. adj., more frq. O ci'is-pa crooked, wry, fca- cus Wdn. the mouth being wry, distorted Lt.; also obstinately perverse; &g.yig- Q cusMed, frq., prob. = team-log. .II. pf. bcus, fut. 6cw, imp. cws, W! *CM- &?*, 1. to lade or SCOOp (water), cu-mig-la cu to draw water from a well Dzl.; cu- fom water- conduit Sch. 2. to irrigate, to water, zin a field Cs. (?) in. ndn-gyis O cu-ba-la Tar. 127, 6, when he was pressed hard, was urged with importunity; (this signification, however, seems to rest only on this passage). % -P a t be mistaken Ptk., \. cog wall O cun-pa, evidently vb. n. to ojun- pa, hence 1. to be tamed, subdued, made to yield, stobs-kyis by force, Ids-kyis by hard work. 2. to confess Cs. 3. to wrap or twist Sch. 4. to fix Sch* - 5. to fix one's self Sch.- O cdl-sar O cun en- tangled in vicious indulgences Sch. ^0)-?> I- to wish, to long for Lex. 2. to shrink Cs. O ce-ba } pf. bees, Q ces (Sch.), fut, bee, imp. ces, 1. to assure, to pro- mise, Kas O ce-ba Lex., resp. zdl-gyis ce - ba id. 2. resp. for smrd - ba, like also O cdg(s)-pa, pf. bsags, fut. bsag, imp. sog, W. *sdg-ce*, 1 . to cleave, to split, sin wood ; sog-ks O ceg- pa to saw Sch.; O ceg-byed (a thing) that cleaves, a hatchet 6s. 2. to confess, to acknowledge; v. also bsdg-pa and sog -pa. O ced-pa an incorr. form of cdd-pa or , pf. 6cms, fut. to chew Jlfcd. QXQT'n* ^-* Cs. 1. to believe, give cre- dit to; blo- W-ba(?) col. id. - 2. Zrfosa?. - zen-pa to wish (?). O cdn-ba. coms-pa 1. = O cdm-pa Gl>'. and L&zvr. 2. vb. n. to jams-pa 4 W!, *rfa corns so* now it is done. mc&r-po. . o cor-ba I. vb. n., pf. sor, 1. to escape, slip, steal away; to drop from, ston-mo sor-gyis as the meal escaped him, as he was deprived of the meal Dzl. ; rtsa-Krdg O cor-ba hemorrhage, bloody flux Med.; bkrag- cor without splendour, lustre- less; nor O cor the money is gone, spent, lost Thgy.; sdom-pa O cor the duty is vio- lated Glr.; me-la, cu-la O cor-ba to be con- sumed by fire, carried off by water; *can mi fun de - ne lea mi s&r* W. I will not drink any beer, then the mouth cannot run away, i. e. then no indiscreet words will escape my mouth; to flow out, to run, of a leaking vessel, to run over, of a full one. 2. to come out, to break out, frq. of fire ; Jcrug-pa sor a quarrel, a war broke out, also of water breaking through an embankment etc. 3. to go over, to pass, from one person or thing to another, rgydl- sa Bod-nas Me-nydg-la sor the supreme power passed from Tibet to Tanggiit Glr. ; yzdn-gyi dbdn-du sor then I shall get into the power of another Mil. ; rkun-ma-la sor it became the prey of a thief. 4. W. to run away, flee, escape, elope, inst, of O br6s- pa, *sw-te ca-dug* he retires, falls back. II. vb. a., pf. (6)sw, fut. fsw (?) 1. to pursue, chase, hunt after, ri-bon rgyas hares by means of nets; nya O cor-ba to fish Dzl.; C's. also to strain (?); Jco-r-sgeg a seducer; a swaggerer Sch. (cf. sgeg-pa). 2. to light, kindle, set on fire(?) O c6l-pa 1. disorderly, dissolute, im- moral. 2. disorderly action or conduct, dissoluteness, O col-pa sna-fsogs spydd-pa committing several acts of im- morality Wdn. Kro-bo- 6l-pa n. of a demon. (Cf. O col-ba II). 171 ol-ba . pf. ,f to entrust a person with a thing, to commit a thing to another's charge; to make, appoint, de-la rgydl-po O col-lo they made him king Pth.; btsun-mo-la rtd-rdzi bcol - lo they made the queen tend the horses Glr.; fab- - t yog O col zig he may be employed as a kitchenboy, scullion Pth.\ dban-med-du O col-ba to make one powerless, to compel by authority Glr.; bcol-bai ynyer Lex. manager; O col-bai no Lei: intercessor; pi-wdn-la ram- degs bi'61-nas glu blahs she sang with accom- paniment of the guitar (lit. committing the accompaniment to the guitar) Glr.; *kyab col-la* (for O col-du) *yon-ce* W. to place one's self under another man's pro- tection. 2. to commit, commend, recom- mend, Ids O col-ba to commission one with an affair or transaction; resp. prin(-lai) O c6l-ba, though prin (-las) seems to be sometimes a mere pleonasm: ban -so yul de'i lha-srun-mams-la prin-bcol mdzdd-do (the king) recommended the sepulchre to the tutelar gods of the country Glr. ; *col- te bor-ce* W. to deposit a thing for tem- porary keeping. II. = O cdl-ba 1. Cs. to change, to turn aside (?) 2. to be thrown together con- fusedly, e.g. of the loose leaves of a (Ti- betan) book; O col-bar byed-pa to put in disorder, to confuse, to confound Ma.; dge-sdig ^col-bar O gro virtue and vice are confounded Ma.; *'i le-ka col dug* W. this affair goes wrong, turns out badly; in a special sense: to rave, to be delirious 6'.; * col -lab gydb-pa* C. id.; *nyid-M lab -pa, gyag-pa* C., to talk confusedly whilst being heavy with sleep ; *col-Ka* C. senseless talk; *c6l-Kan-ni fu-gu, col-tug* W. being of a mixed race ; illegitimate or bastard child, bastard. 3. morally: to break a vow; *a-ne col son* he has broken his vow on account of a woman, i.e. by having married. O col-ma Cs.: 1. a thing committed to another's care. 2. a sly, crafty woman, Sch. a dissolute woman. - J'6s-pa I. pf. bcos or <fos, fut bco, imp. cos, supine bcos-su Dzl. 5, 4, W. *co-ce*, pf. and imp. *cos*, to make, make ready, prepare, to construct, build, a bow, a road etc. Glr.; O cos-sam am I to build? Glr.; dres-ma fag -par O c6s-pa to make ropes out of dresma (a kind of grass) prop, to work dresma into ropes, Glr.; yzab O cos-pa to adjust one's ornaments Sch. ; lus ^cos-pa to dress, to trim one's self up Sch.; '/sdr-du O cos-pa to renew, reno- vate, repair Sch.; Itun-ba pyir O cos-pa Tar. 95, 20 perh. to retouch, amend, correct, improve. fsul- cos hypocrisy, a mere outward performance of religious rites and observances Mil., fsul- cos ma byas spyod- pa to live without hypocrisy Mil.; fsul- cos- mKan hypocrite. fsul- cos-pa or beds- pa ace. to Cs. also an established rule or canon. II. Sch.: to gnaw off (secondary form to O cd-ba). )a 1. the letter j, media, palatal, like the Italian gi in Giovanni, g in giro; in 6'. as initial deep-sounding and aspirat- ed, jh. 2. numerical figure: 7. 3. tea, resp. ysol-ja. For the trade in Cen- tral Asia it is pressed into brick-shaped lumps, a portion of which, when to be used, is pulverized and boiled, having been well compounded with butter and salt or soda (buV) by means of a kind of churn of bamboo (gur-giir}, after which it is drunk as hot as possible. Of late years tea grown on the southern slopes of the Himalaya Mountains finds its way into 172 Central Asia. The tea called Jyru-fdn is considered the best, and of other teas Cs. mentions rtse-ya, zi-lih-spu-ja hairy (?) tea from Siling, (a province in the neighbour- hood of the Kokonor) ; Schr. : yndm -ja, min-ja, Jbo-)a, ja-yzuhs, zau, hu-cdg, ^u- si; bzan-ja, or ko-tse is, ace. to Cs., good ordinary tea, cun- jug, or cun-cun are sorts of inferior quality. The shepherds in W. make use of a surrogate, viz. the Potentilla Inglisii (span-jet), growing on the mountains at a height of 15000 feet; poor people in Sik. use the leaves of the maple (jya-U). Other COmp. ja-bkrug (pronounced *jhab-tug*}, prob. for ja-dkriig, twirling-stick Ts, ja-mcod, libation of tea. ja- fdg, or btdg grinding-stone. in India and Tibet used for kitchen purposes inst. of our little mortars. ja-ddm Sch. tea-pot (?) )a- blug W. a little pitcher - shaped brass ves- sel. ja- bih (pronounced *jham-bin*} C. tea-kettle, tea-pot. jd-ma the man that prepares the tea in a monastery, tea-cook; )ai dpon head-tea-cook. ja-nl 1. W. grinding-stone; 2. Lex. skull. ja-sun-can 'a cup of tea, or: as much as a cup of tea' Sch. jd-seg tea-dust Sch. Lex. yellowish red. cn* jag robbing, robbery, jag rgydg-pa to ' rob, to be a robber; rku-jag-gyu-zol byed-pa Glr.; jdg-pa frq. robber (not rob- bery SchS); jag-dpon captain of a gang of robbers Mil. ^ji 1. num. fig.: 37. 2. the correlative form of the pron. CT, what For the con- struction of a sentence containing ci or ji, v. gan II. The explanation there given shows, that in correct language ji is always followed by a participle : ji yod-pa de pul zig offer what you have, make a libation of what you have. Owing, however, to the slight difference in the pronunciation of ci and ji, the former is frq. written in the place of the latter; )i, of course, is used in conjunction with the same words as ci; a few more instances may follow here: ji-skad whatever, relative to words spoken: nas ji-skad smras kyan whatever I may say Glr. ji-snyed 1. as much as, as great as; 2. C. very much, every thing possible. ji-lta-ba 1. adj. of what kind, of what nature, . . . ji-Ha-ba bzin-du . . . la yan de-bzin-no as it is with. . . so it is with . . . Stg. 2. sbst. quality, nature, con- dition Cs. ji -Ita-bu such as, like as, Lat. qualis. ji-ltar adv. as, in what manner; 'd-mas ji-ltar zer-pa bzin-du ac- cording to what the mother has said Glr. ji-ste = ci-ste. ji nus-kyis to the ut- most, to the best of one's ability Dzl. ji ma ji-bzin-du (?) according to custom or common usage Sch. ji-mi-snydm-pai bzod-pa a patience prepared for every event Sch. (?) ji-tsam =ji-snyed\ lo Ina Ion- pa ji-tsam-pa de-bzin-no they are (as tall) as (children) five years old Stg. ; ji tsam byas kyan whatever they had done Tar.; ji-tsam-na or nas as soon as, when. ji-bzin as, like, how, ji-bzin O fso mi run (he) can in no wise, by no means, con- tinue to live Lt.; ji-bzin-du ysuns ellipti- cally: he said how (it was), he answered according to the state of the case (Schf.} Tar. 89, 9. ji-srid as long as. R" ju num. fig.: 67. N2 g:-|fov ju-fig denotes a way of drawing N* ' lots by threads of different colours, whence a class of Bonpos is called pya- bon ju-fig-can Glr. J u ~po Las-, *)u-lum* W., a globular stone used for grinding spices, = ja-ril. C. strategy. E-$J"J* jus-ma a sort of silk stuff Cs. >0 - -..^__.. jus - legs 1. Sch.: 'possessed of NS good manners, of propriety of conduct, decent, agreeable; jus-bde sincere 1 (?) _ 2. Cs. clever, skilled, able, experien- ced. *zih-gi le* in agriculture, *mag* in military matters C. c je 1. num. fig.: 97. 2. a particle, used for expressing the comparative de- 173 mug gree of an adj. or adv., and esp. a gradual growing or increase, often with termin. or la: je man O yro (they) go on increasing or multiplying in number Mil. ; je ysdl-du son it has become more and more clear or evident Thgr. ; gen. repeated : je nyeje nye son-ste going nearer and nearer Mil.] )e cun je cun-la son, also je cun je nyun Mil. less and less; sometimes also for the superlative degree, Cs. : je ddn-po the very first, also Lex. 3. je-ziy a little while, = re-zig Lex. 4. Bhar. 14, Schf.: 'an adhortative particle, often connected with a vocative'; Sch. has: je Kyod 'now you, you first!' 5. = dbyans Lex. gTjo 1. num. fig.: 127. 2. v. the fol- lowing word. ^^ jo-bo (^n%) 1. C. the elder brother, also *jo-jo* and ^d-jo* (the latter also in W.), resp. jo-legs. 2. lord, master, esp. nobleman, grandee, W. *jo*, yar-lun jo- bo Glr. the lord of the manor of Yarlung; *ti - nan jo* W. the nobleman of Tinan ; )o-jo min-po my noble brothers (says a princess) Glr. ; in C. used as honorary title for noblemen and priests, in W. also for noble Mussulmans; in ancient times for certain divine persons, and idols, par- ticularly for two, famous in history: jo-bo mi-skyod^rdo-rje , and tsan-ddn-gyi jo-bo, also jo-bo sd-kya, jo-bo rin-po-ce v. Glr. jo-mo 1. mistress, the female head of a household, a woman that gov- erns as mistress of her servants Dzl. - 2. lady, esp. a cloistress, nun Mil.; in W. frq. - 3. goddess (cf. sub jo-bo 2), jo-mo sgrol-ma the goddess Dolma Glr. 4 p. n. jo-mo-lha-ri one of the highest moun- tain summits in West-Bhotan, usually called 'Chumulhari'; jo-mo-Ka-nay another summit in southern Tibet. tnjal-ba, imp. m)ol, 1. to meet c. dan, = O p'rad-pa, without any respect to rank, Mil. often. More frq. 2. resp.: to obtain access to an honour- ed person ; zal - dnos - su mjdl - bar yod he (the incarnated Buddha) may perso- nally be seen and spoken to Glr.; to wait on, to pay one's respects to a person, yah dan mjal O fsdl-lo I will pay a visit to my father Dzl.; pyis myur - du nij<'il-<ln i/oii 1 shall take the liberty of soon coming back Mil. ; rgydl-bai sku dan fa-mal mjal to thee, Buddha, my own humble self approaches (says a prince to his father who appears to be an incarnated Buddha) Glr.', mjdl- bar zu - ba to ask for an audience Glr. ; mjdl-du mi btub (they) cannot get in, cannot obtain admittance Pth. ; *jal - cdg co-i-e* (or *cag-jdl* Cs.} W. to salute, to exchange compliments on meeting; mjal- prdd-byed-pa - O prad-pa-, used also of a king and his ministers: mjal-prdd dan, dgd- bai ftam mdn-po mdzad (they) exchanged many compliments and expressions of joy 7W/.; to visit or pay one's respects to holy places, as pilgrims do, to go on a pilgrimage, also zal mjdl-ba Mil. ; jrnas mjdl-ba id., ynas-mjdl-pa partic., a pilgrim, palmer; O di mjdl zig do make your pilgrimage to this place. 3. to understand, comprehend, Zam. : 'gd-bai mjdl-ba ^JT' ; don mjdl-ba to understand the sense Mil, yet cf. Jdl-ba 3. 4. often erron. for jdl-ba. Comp. mjdl-Ka audience, access, admit- tance, mjdl-K'a ytoti-ba, or yndn-ba to give audience, ^gegs-pa to refuse it Mil. mjal- ddr = Ka-btdgs. mjdl-sna-pa an usher, master of ceremonies Cs. mjal-pydg salutation. mjal - mans a visit paid by many together, a grand reception Cs. mjin-pa 1. = ^iii-pa. 2. ;&//- mjin meadow Bhar. 82, Schf. mjug what is behind, hind part, e.g. of the body, resp. sku-mjug, posteriors, back-side, tail, often also mjitg-ma; mjug skor-ba col. to turn one's back (on another) ; mjug - ma sgril - ba to wag the tail ; fig. : the further progress and final issue of an affair, the consequences = rjes, opp. to dhos- yzi the thing itself, and to shdn-^gro the preparations Thyy.; the lower end or ex- tremity, e.g. of a bench, a stick, a river (= mouth), of a procession, train etc, ; with regard to time: the end, zld-ba brgyd<l-[>(tl mjug-la, at the end of the eighth month: 174 in general mjug-la, mjug-tu adv. and postp., = mfar, at the end of, at last, behind, after, with the genit. inf., or the verbal root, gen. opp. to mgo. mjiig-sgro (W. *jug-ro*} lower or inferior part, underpart, buttocks (cf. yzug); mjitg-to id. mjug- btdg (for bteg). and mjug-ldeb W. wagtail. mgo-mjug above and below Dzl. jqg:- mje, resp. ysdn-^)n)e, f^f, ffTfi the penis ; Zam. avoids the term by making use of circumlocutions, others employ it, esp. Med. ; also in vulgar use; mje lan-ba erection of the penis; mje sbubs-su nub the penis recedes; m)e-mgo glans penis. mje^lig the penis and testicles. mje - subs the membraneous covering or sheath of the penis. m)ed-pa, Zam. ^ suffering, en- during, bearing patiently ; Cs. : ob- noxious; mi-mjed prop.: free; gen. the world, the universe, ace. to Buddhistic ideas; except in the last mentioned sense the word seems to be little used. QCT'^T 3 ( ty~'P a > P f - W s > C*-> Sch - : to establish, settle, fix, found; hence prob. bde- )dgs and Kris- Jags, Jags-Kns (Lexx. and elsewh., but not frq.) time of prosperity, of peace, of rest, a time without disturbances, war, epidemies etc. (fen's by itself is not known). 3 a 9-P 1- Lex- = klu, or n. of a Lu, also Jog-po. 2. vulgo = ydg-po. QFOTJT J a g- /nia 1' Sch.: a sort of coarse and thick grass of inferior quality; so Pth. of a hut: Jdg-mas pub-pa covered with such grass. 2. Lex. ^r;W a fragrant grass, Andropogon muricatus. 3. Glr. : a blade (of grass), stalk (of com), Jdg- ina rei sten-na on every blade, ku-sai ojdg- ma pon cig a bundle of blades of Kusha grass; ^ag - rgod Sch. horse-tail, pewter- grass, Equisetum. 4. Sik. squirrel, perh. = bya-ma-byi Sch. (?). Jags, v. sub jdg-pa. ' J d ff s -P a V. to give, to make a present Georgi Alph. Tib. dn-ba to devour, swallow. Sch. n - mo co sort, husband, wife G. jdn-sa, v. cn-sa. -^j- Jdb-pa, pf. prob. bzabs, fut. bzab, to sneak, slink, creep privily; to lie in wait, in* arabush, tse-la Jdb-pa to attempt a person's life Pth.; *pdg-ne jdb- te sad tdn-ce* W. to assassinate; Ihog jab byed-pa v. Ikog; jdb-bus ma byin-par len- pa Thgy. to steal clandestinely. Cog. to O cdb-pa. " jdb-tse nippers, tweezers. jam-mgon = Jam-dpdl. * W., *J dm* C. col. (opp. to rtsub-pa, rtsin-ge) soft, smooth, tender, mild, e.g. of cloth, hair, a meadow, a plain without stones or rocks, of fruit, the air, the cha- racter of a person, a person's way of speaking (nag C., *pi>-ra* W., *pe-ra jdm- po dan* with mild expressions, fair words, in a friendly manner), of a law; of bever- ages: weak W.: of a (hay-)rake: close W.; *)dm-po ndb-ce* W. to mow off close ; jam- Jbud blowing or playing (the flute) softly, piano; Jam-rttt Med., seems to be a kind of medicine \*jam-sdii* W., C'., plain, without ornaments. * jam-dpal (*T3T?ft) Jam-mgon (^TT^), Jam(-pai}-dbydns one f tne two great Bodhisattvas of the northern Buddhists, the Apollo of the Tibetans, the god of wisdom, demiurge, and more particularly the tutelar god and civilizer of Nepal (v. Kopp. II, 21), in- carnated in Thonmi Sambhota, and after- wards in kingKri-sroii-sde-btsdn and others. Cf. spyan-ras-yzigs. for fug-pa, soup. Jam-mo post-stage Sch. Ja-fson rainbow frq., splendour 175 Ja-ba >W-pa of the rainbow /%.; Ja-fson yal-ba the vanishing of the rainbow frq.; Ja-lus \. lus. Ja-ba 1. also Ja-mo Sch. lame, gen. za-ba; Ja-bar byed-pa to make lame, to lame (/. 2. to bespeak, to concert, to confederate Sch. Qpn-^j- ja-sa, Ja-mo, edict, diploma, a permit 6s., who declares this word to be Chinese. J ar - ba Lex. w.e., ace. to Cs. = O byar-ba to stick together, to cohere. 3 a l-ba-, pf- bcal, fut. fzal, imp. Jol, W. *cal-ce*, 1. to weigh, Jal- byed sran (a pair of) scales for weighing Lea;., srdn-la fzal-ba Glr. 2 to measure, rin - fun - fsdd )dl - ba C. to measure the length. 3. to appraise, to tax; to weigh in one's mind, to ponder; more fully ex- pressed by blos-Jal-ba to understand Sch., although native grammarians refer this signification with less probability to mjal- ba. 4. to pay, pay back, repay, bu-lon a debt, skyin -pa a, loan , Krai a tax ; to retaliate, return, repay, esp. with Ian: pan- Idn ynod-pas or Ugs-pai Ian nyes-pas to return evil for good. The following is a Buddhist principle of law, butprob. existing only in theory: dkon-mcog-gi rdzds-la Kri Jal, dge- c dun-gyi rdzds-la brgyad-cu Jal, pdl-pai rdzds-la bdun- gyur no brgyad Jal divine or sacred objects are to be repaid or made good tenthousandfold, things or property of the clergy eightyfold , of ordinary men sevenfold, and besides the object itself, hence eightfold 6'.; in Glr. there is the following passage: brkus-pa la brgyad Jal nos dan dgu. 5. often erron. for mjdl-ba; thus prob. also in: Jal Jbul-ba to bring a present Sch. (more correctly : a present of salutation). Jdl- Ka the act, or business of measuring 6'. 2. Lex. and 6s.: = Jim -pa. 3. 6s. = Jam -pa soft, smooth. 4. Sch.: disgusting, nasty, e.g. of a fishy smell. ojiy-rtfa (receptacle of all that is perishable) 1. the external world: a. ace. to the common (popular) notion: the whole earth, the universe, Jig-rten- na dkon-pa, what is rare, the only thing of its kind in the world Dzl.\ Jig-rten- gyi lha the god of the world, a deity of the Bonpos Mil. ; Jig-rten-las O dds-pa one that has escaped from this world, one emancipated, blessed 6s. b. the external world ace. to Brahmanic and Buddhist theories, as set forth: Kopp. I, 231; jig- rten-gyi Kams id. Glr.; Q )ig-rten cdgs-pa origin, beginning, ynds-pa duration, Jtg- pa destruction , bzdg - pa arrangement of the world, cosmography (title of a volume of Stg.) Jig-rten ysum the three worlds, earth, heaven, and hades; Jig-rten (jsiim- gyi) mgon-po (Trilokndth Hind.) lord or patron of the three worlds, which is also the title of the third of the three highest Lamas, viz. of the Dharma Raja, residing in Bhotan, v. Cunningh. Ladak 371 ; Bud- dha Sakya-fub-pa seems to have the same title, Pth. c. fig. : bde-ba-can-gyi jig-rten,* or bde-^ro mfo-ris-kyi O jig-rten the world of the blessed, like our 'heaven', but of rare occurrence. 2. world, in a spiritual sense, ^ig-rten-gyi byd-ba worldly things or affairs; Jiy^rten-la dgos-pa (or pan- pat) bsldb-bya useful maxims of life, moral rules Glr.; jig-rten-gyi cos brgyad, v. cos; Jiy-rten byed-pa short expression for Jig- rten-gyi las byed-pa Mil 3. symb. num. : three. Jig-rten-pa 1. an inhabitant of the world, or the inhabitants of the world, the world as the totality of men, and more particularly of the worldly-minded; Jig- rten-pa ni ma-dul-ba yin-pas as the world is unconverted, in which sense also jig- rten (by itself) seems to be used. 2. a layman. ^~P a L vb - l - act - P f> b ^ fut - fzig, imp. (&)%, W. *sig-ce, sig tdh-ce*, to destroy, buildings etc., frq.: to cut to pieces, to divide, e.g. a killed animal W.-, to ruin, to annihilate, existing institutions or things, also other people; to abolish, annul, a law II'.: to dissolve, an enchant- ment; to lay aside an assumed appearance or manner (= to unmask one's self) Mil. ; to break, violate, one's duty, a vow, D:l. : 176 jigs-pa rma - )ig Med. was explained : healing wounds, Jig-par bi/ed-pa = Jig-pa, frq. 2. vb. n. pf. bzig, and more frq. zig, W. *zig-ce, zig cd-ce*, to be ruined, undone, e.g. by mischief-making people DzL; to fall to pieces, to decay, to rot, of the human body etc.; to be lost, to perish, Jig -par sin-tu sla (earthly goods) may be easily lost again Thgy.; to vanish, disappear, Jig (or zig)-par O gyur-ba id. ; sem zig son W. he was quite dejected or cast down; zig j'sos byed-pa B., C., *zig-so (or -sob') co-ce or tdn-ce* W. to 'restore from destruction', to rebuild c. dat. frq., also c. genit. Pth.', prob. also c. accus. 3. to suck, draw out moisture Sch., v. Jib-pa. II. sbst. decay, destruction, ruin, entire ovei throw, skye-ba dan Jig-pa kun-la srid- na as it is the lot of all men to rise and to decay DzL; lus-kyi mfar Jig-pai Itas symptoms of the final decay of the body *Wdn.; * can-la Koi zig-pa yod* beer proves his ruin, beer is his destruction W.; Jig- pe co-den* C., Jig-pa-can Cs. frail, perish- able. III. adj., but only in conjunction with a negative: mi- Jig -pa imperishable; mi- Jig rtdg-pa as explanation of a synonym Lex. <3w s -P a L vb - (tfO res p- tsdbs - pa, to be afraid of a thing, is gen. connected with the instr. (lit. 'by'), in later literature and col. with la, srin-pos Jigs-sin from fear of the Rakshasa DzL', de-la na mi Jigs I am not afraid of that Mil.; in W. frq. in conjunction with *rag*: *K6-la Jig rag* I am afraid of him; also relative to the future, like dogs-pa: yi-ge mans -pas Jigs - nas = man - gi dogs - nas, fearing lest there should be too much writing, i.e. from want of room Pth.; Jigs -su- run -ba dreadful, frightful, frq.; *Jig-te ddr-ri spe-ra zer-ce* W. to speak trembling and shaking with fear; *mdn- po jig son* W. I am very much afraid; Jigs-par ^gyur-ba to be frightened, Jigs- par byed-pa to put in fear, to frighten. II. sbst. (Hfa) fear, dread, srin-poi Jigs-pas from fear of the Rakshasa DzL jm-pa 9VQ-, 14 (unless srin-pos ought to be read, as above) ; Jigs-pa brgyad the eight fears of life (so among the rest: rgydl-poi Jigs- pa the standing in fear of the king, who in the East is always supposed to be an arbitrary despot); mi- Jigs-pa 1. fearless- ness, intrepidity; mi- Jigs-pa sbyin-pa to impart intrepidity; mi- Jigs-pai lag-pa a fearless hand, heroic vigour. 2. pardon, quarter, safety Cs. Jigs (-pa)- can Cs. 1. fearful, timorous. 2. dreadful, frightful (I never found it used in this sense). III. adj. 1. (fearing) fearful, timorous, Jigs-pai ^gro-ba-rnams timorous beings Pth. 2. (feared) dreadful, frightful, Jigs- pai mfson-ca dreadful weapons; tiyod-pas lhag-par Jigs- pa yod there is something even more formidable than you are DzL Comp. bdr-ds-la Jigs skyob-mai smon- lam a prayer efficacious in the Bardo- horrors Thgr. Jigs-skrdg fear; also a terrible object, Jigs-skrdg-tu son he has been changed into a fright, a monster Mil. ; * Jig -tag torn -pa* C. (lit. bton-pa) to frighten, deter; intimidate, threaten; Jigs- skrdg-pa to fear, to be afraid DzL J*(/ s - mican col. timid, timorous. Jigs -can v. Jigs -pa- can above. Jigs -cum -pa v. cum-pa. Jw 8 (-p a ^)-p one afraid Cs. (?) Jigs-byed one that is terrifying Sch., appellation of Yamantaka, who is invoked, e.g. in drawing lots.' Jigs-brdl, Jigs- med fearless, intrepid, bold; also noun pers. - *Jigs-ri* W. fear, terror, *Jig-ri fsor- ce* to be afraid, *jig-ri kul-ce* to frighten, to menace, to intimidate. Jigs-sa Mil., Jigs-sa ce it is a very dangerous quarter or region, in that place there is much occasion for being afraid. Jin 1. ace. to Cs. = mcin, klon, e.g. rgyd - mfsoi; Sch. : mfso - Jun the whole circumference of a lake; prob. more corr.: the middle, Lex.: Itts-Jdm Jdg-po mfso- Jin Jug the smooth-bodied Lu alights in the middle of the lake. 2. srod-Jin Lex.; or srod-byin twilight. Jin-pa, also mjin-pa, neck, resp. sku-Jin; *)in-pa gyiir-ce* W. to 177 turn or move round (as vb. n.), *jin-pa (jyiir-te Itd-ce* W. to look round, or back; *jin-pa cdg-ce* W. to break one's neck; *)in-pa zum-ce* W. to hug, to embrace; Jin-kyoy a wry neck 6s.; Jin-kuh the nape of the neck Glr.\ Jin-ltdy the back part of the neck 6s. - J*'*( 8 )-p (.Seh. also O ng*-pa) pf. bzibs (jzibs\ fut. bzib (yzib\ to suck, e.g. of a suckling baby; metis with the lips Lea;.-, k'rag Jibs-pa to suck blood Lex.- to suck out, in, or up, to im- bibe, absorb, also to blister, jib - man W. vesicatory. jib-rtsi 1. Cs. a kind of sirup. - 2. Wdn. a medicinal herb. J* m -p a B>> C-i a compound of earth and water, mud, clay, loam etc. (W. *kd-lag*)-, Jim-skon a small cup of clay, a crucible Cs. ; jim-yzugs a figure formed of clay Glr.', rdd-rjei Jim -pa v. rdo-rje. JiLba, pf. btil, fut. fzil, to expel, eject, remove, turn off, pyir Jil-ba Lex. id., e.g. noxious animals, vices etc. J u -t> a I- vb - I- pf- Jus, to seize, grasp, take hold of, c. dat., dprdl- bai mdd - la Ju - ba grasping the arrow sticking in his forehead Glr.; ycig-la fdg Ju-ba taking firmly hold of each other (in a storm at sea) Glr.; to seize a per- son (in taking him prisoner) Pth.; Idg-pa- nas to grasp by the hand, to shake hands (in greeting) Dzl. 2. pf. bzus, fut. bzu, W. *zu-ce (or)u-ce?)* to melt, to digest, zas Ju-ba to digest the food; Ju sld-ba digestible, Ju dkd-ba difficult of digestion ; *ra )u - ce* W. to digest intoxication , to sleep the fumes of wine away; Ju-byed a sort of bile, the bile as the promoter of digestion Med. Cf. zu-ba II. II. sbst. 1. digestion, Ju-ba slao the digestion is in order, is easy Med.; Ju- stobs cuii the digestive power is weak Med. - 2. a flea Sch. = Ji-ba. Juy, sometimes for vnjuy. <-'*- entrance, way of access, to a tank or river, Ghat (Hind.'). aRcrrq- JW, I. pf. and imp. zugs, W. *zuy-ce*, vb. n., 1. to go or walk in, to enter, Kdn-pai, or cut ndn-du Jug- pa to go into the house, or into the water; ryyd-mfsor Jug-pa to put to sea, to set sail Dzl.; Idm-du Jug -pa to set out, to start, to prosecute a journey; *mdl-sa-la zug - ce* W. to go to bed. In a special sense : a. of a demon, entering into a man to take possession of him, hence *(1e-zuy-Ican* W. possessed (by a demon); Jiig-sgo Med. the place where the demon entered the body. b. dge-ba-la Jug-pa to walk in the path of virtue; ace. to Schr. Jug -pa by itself, without dge-ba-la, implies the same, and in conformity with this a Lama gave the following explanation of the expression Jug-pai las in TJiyy.: works that are a consequence of having really entered upon the practice of virtue, positive good works, opp. to the negative good works of the ten virtues, cos -la Jug -pa to turn to religion, to be converted ; cos or bstdn-pa zig-la Jug-pa to adopt a certain religion, a certain doctrine, c. bud-med-la Jug-pa to lie with, sleep with a woman Mcd.\ * bar -la zuy-ce* W. euph. expression for: to commit adultery, d. *dun-du zug-ce* W. to appear, in reference to gods. e. /;/< : .s- su Jug-pa v. rjes-su. 2. to set or fall to, to begin, rig -pa sbydn - bos rtsom -pa kun-la Jug a skilled, an experienced man is prepared for anything, knows how to set about it, how to manage it Med. ; gen. with the inf. : to begin to do, to commence doing a thing, rtdg-pa-la, resp. dgoiis-pa- la Jug - pa to begin to think upon Dzl., Glr.; ston-pa-la Jug-$a to begin to show Dzl.; yciy-la ycig mam -par bi-ldg-pa-la zugs-pas being in the best way of entirely exterminating one another Sty. 3. pass, of Jug-pa II, 3, of letters: to be combined, to be preceded, to be followed, c/ ///'/ wiit- du ba zugs-can (words) having zl preceded by 6, i.e. beginning with bzl Zam. 4. 12 178 jug-pa Jur-ba to take place, to exist, ce-cun-Kydd zugs- par mhon-pas as evidently a difference in size is existing (?) Dzl V, 3. II. pf. bcug (perh. also jugs Lex.\ fut. y%ug, imp. cug, W, * cug-ce*, vb. a., with ndn-du or termin. : 1. to put into, e.g. meat into a pan, a key into the key-hole, a culprit into prison ; to infuse, inject, yzug- par bya this must be infused Med.\ also fig. *nyiu-rus cug-ce* W. to inspire with courage. In a special sense: a. de-la bio jug -pa to set one's mind on, to apply one's self to Glr. b. mi zig cos-la ^ug-pa to convert a man, to induce him to adopt a certain religion ; ^jug-pa also without an ob- ject, to missionate successfully Feer Introd. du B. au C'achem, 68. 2. to make, render, appoint, constitute, with the accus. and ter- min., or col. with two accus.: mi zig rgyal- por jug-pa to make one king Dzl.; mnon- du jug -pa to make public or manifest, to disclose, to show Samb.', *sin cug-ce* W. to clear, clarify; frq. with the supine or root of a verb: a. to cause, compel, prevail on, zar c jug-pa to prevail on another to eat something DzL; skrod-du -/zug-go I shall induce (them) to expel (you) DzL; bzugs jug rgyu yin he will induce (the god) to take his abode Glr.', ^rons-su \jug-pa to be the cause of somebody's death Mil.; yid-la )ug-tu O jug-pa to cause a thing to enter a person's mind, to put in mind, to remonstrate; ^pel-bar jug-pa (resp. mdzad-pa) = spel-ba to increase, as vb. a.; *)un cug-ce* W. to cause to exist, create, procure; *Kol jug-ce* W. = *skol-ce* to cause to boil; dar-du cug cig cause it to spread Glr. b. to command, order, bid, dmag O dzin-du bcug he ordered the soldiers to take (the man) prisoner (but he escaped) Dzl. 333, 3; byed-du jug -pa to bid one do a thing, frq.; btsun-mo blon-pos ^ebs- su bcug he gave orders for the queen being protected by the minister, c. to let, suffer, permit, smon-lam O debs-su cug allow me to say a prayer; rtsig-tu mi O jug I shall not give permission to build Glr. d. to give an opportunity Thgy. e. in a general sense: dal-du Jug-pa to do things slowly, to be slow Mil. 3. to put grammatically: snon- du Jug -pa to put or place before, siwn- Jug a prefixed letter, a prefix; rjes-Jug final letter, yah-J)ug the last but one; also to put, to use a word in a certain signi- fication, rgyu-mfsan-la jug is used with reference to cause Gram. 4. to banish, to exile (prob. erron. for spjug-pd), bi/dn- la to northern regions Glr. 5. syo jug- pa v. sgo. 6. inst. of Jbyug-pa. jug-pa sbst. 1. the going into, the entering; in a special sense 2. the beginning, the first stage of a disease Mng. 3. (^T^ffTT) th- e incarnation of a deity. PWJ*CJ' J ut ' is -P a avarice, DzL, Lex.-, Juns- N= pa-can avaricious; juns-^ur a miser, niggard. Qpr-^cj*-^- jud-mfun-ma, or jud-Jun- \s ' Na ' ma Lex. ('accessible to all') a prostitute; ^ud-mfun byed-pa to be a harlot. jud-pa, and more frq. ^ud-pa, secondary forms of O jug-pa. Cf. cud-pa, O fsud-pa. jun -pa, pf. bcun, fut. yzun (cf. bzun, zun) W. *cun - ce*, Cs. : to subdue, make tame; to make confess; W. ; to make soft, to soften, e.g. iron ; to punish, by words or blows; to convert. J*' m -P a > P f> bcum, fut. fzum, imp. cum, to shudder, to shrink. (Ace. to grammatical analogy jum-pa ought to be vb. a., to cause to shudder, and Q cum-pa vb. n.) sa jums-pa Lex., contraction of the muscles, shrinking, shuddering Sch. J ur > supine of ju-ba-, O jur mi O dod indigestible Sch. ('?). jur-ba 1. (pf. bcur, q. v.) Cs.: complication; Sch. also: to struggle against, to resist. Pth.: ^ur-bar O gyur-ba to be entangled; jur-bu Sch., * )ur-pa* C. tangled yarn ; srdd - bui jur (-pa) Lexx. w. e., Sch.: 'the tightness of the yarn'; Jjur-mfug wrinkled, as the skin is in old age Thgy. ; ^ur - mig a wire - drawing plate, )ur-mig-nas O dren-pa to draw through this plate Thgy. 2. = jlzitr-ba 179 J6ms-pa to evade, to shun, to go out of the way, Jur-med unavoidable Mil. jus, v. Ju-ba I, 1. Jebs-pa, Jebs-po, well-sounding Sty.; snyan - )ebs harmony, euphony. ^ n ^-P a h dexteritv > clev - erness Le.r. 2. skilled, clever; <SW*. decent; Jems-po id. Jo-syfy a coquettish, alluring, seducing attitude or posture; 'Lex.: Jud-mfun Jo-sgeg Jog the harlot assumes such an attitude. J-*> a i P f - bzos, ft. 620, imp. Jos, to milk, rd-ma Jo-ba to milk a goat, ^o-majo-ba 'to milk the milk'; %o'd- kyis ^6-ma bzos dug, nas ni bzos -pa med, it is you, not I, that have 'milked out the milk' Glr.; Jd(-ba)-po, J6-mKan, milker, milk-man, J6(-ba)-mo milkmaid; O dod - Joi ba a cow that is able to fulfil every wish. QEOTfl' Jog-pa I- P f - bzag, ft. fzay, imp. zog, C. col. *zdg-pa*, 1. to put, to place, e.g. the foot on the ground; also to place persons, to assign them a place Dzl, Glr.; h%.= god-pa (e.g. dge-ba-la, byaii-cub-la, byan-^ub-kyi Idm-ld) v. O ydd- pa 3; to put in order, to arrange, Jig- rti'ii-bzay-pa the arrangement (system) of the world; lus drdn-por bzdg ste sitting straight, bolt-upright Dzl, Mil] bzdg-na mi sdod if one places her any where, she will not remain there Mil. ; steh - du yar bzag (the anchors) were placed above, were weighed Pfh.; Ids-su Jog-pa to set one a task, to employ one in a certain service Dzl., rgyal-snd-la Jog -pa to ap- point one to the government i.e. to make one king; sems (resp. fugs) -la Jog-pa to take to heart Glr., Mil.-, lus-la gwi O du- ses bzdg -la if we fancy the human body to be a ship Thgy.; ndm-mKa rdh-yi ndn- du zog transfer it to the nature of the ethereal space, i.e. figure it to yourself as ether Mil. ; pyir Jog-pa 1 . to leave behind, at home Dzl.; 2. to put by, to lay aside Dzl.\ (another reading omits pi/ii"). 2. to lay or put down, a burden etc., *z6g-la soy* put (it) down and come! C.; nor (y}soy joy med heaping up treasures and de- positing them was not, i.e. was never heard of; ysdy-Jog-mttan a hoarder up, a miser Cs.; to leave, to leave behind, lay-rjes a trace or mark of activity, monumentum Glr.; to leave, quit, abandon, rdn-gi yul one's own country Glr.; poiis-par ma bzdg- par so that it is not abandoned, given up, to poverty Thgy.; *yug-le zog* C. (= *pdn-te bor*W.) throw it away! to de- pose. yi-ger bris Jog -pa to depose in writing, literis mandare Glr. ; sd-bon, ydun- brgyud Jog-pa to leave an offspring behind, to propagate the species; to lay up. to keep, as holy relics; to lay aside, re-zig zog -la setting aside, apart, for a while Dzl.; mnydm-par O zog-pa v. mnydm-pa; sgrdl- lam Jog shall we turn them out or leave them ? Mil. nt. II. pf. (b)zogs, fut. yzog, imp. zog, W. *zog-ce* to cut, to hew. to square, a pen, timber etc, ; to carve, to chip, a thin piece of wood etc. Jog-po n. of a Lu Mil, -= Jag-po. Q jon = lcon, tadpole. Jon-J 6 " col> > Sch ' o)dn-po oblong, longish, oval, elliptical. cylindric, bottle-shaped etc. ; col. also applied to stature: tall; Jon - nydms - can W<//'i. oblong shaped, in relation to leaves, cones of fir etc.; 16 -ma Jon -stabs nydg-ga-can split into narrow slips, wing-cleft (leaves of caraway) Wdn.; dbyibs-*J6n an oval form. ' Jon-tse Cs. = Icog-tse. cJ^ms-pa, pf. bcom, also zom, fut. yzom, imp. com, W. *cdm- ce* 1. to conquer, subdue, oppress, suppress. an enemy; O dod-cdgs-kyis kini-mis J<'>m*- pa to be quite overpowered by lust; nod Joms-pai sman a medicine for a disease (to overcome it); i-db-tu )'z6n/-/><> O di the following overpowering (chann); 180 bcom-mo an exclamation like: I am done for! periil 2. to destroy, towns etc. Glr.; bcom-la yzdg - go id. Glr. 3. to plunder, spoil, rob, O joms -pai grabs byds- pa-la as they were about to rob him Mil. - 4. to finish, accomplish W., cf. com-pa. jor 1. 6'., also jior, hoe, grubbing- hoe, mattock, pick-axe ( W. *tog-tse*}, jor-gyis rko-ba to turn up with the hoe: )or-po a large mattock, pick-axe, spade, d&r-bu a small one, a hoe; jor-yu the handle of a hoe, )or-lcdgs the iron of a mattock 6s. 2. supine of jo-ba. jol-ba I. vb. 1. to hang down. of a cow's udder, of the long hair on a yak's belly, of tails etc.; ojol-jol hanging-belly, paunch. 2. gen. Jyyol-ba to turn aside, to make way. II. sbst, also (6s.) jol-jol and -fzol- ba, train, trail; retinue 6s.; jol-gos Cs., jol-ber Wdk., Pth., a robe or garment with a train; Jol-can having a train; jol-med without a train 6s. hanging, cf. pi/an-ne, grod- pa ojol-le hanging- belly, paunch, cf. pyal Lex. .r jol-mo, ace. to the descriptions given by natives, a bird of the size of a blackbird, of lively motions and an agreeable whistling, in the neighbour- hood of Lhasa, building in willow -trees and thorn-bushes; 6s. has: a turkey-hen. xr'* rjdn-ma, or rdzan-ma, store -room rjid-pa lean 6s., gen. rid-pa. *zib - las* (?} W., service done in socage, compulsory service, in the fields, on roads etc. g=^*J" rjiid-pa, rdzud-pa, = rgud-pa Lex. ^3T rjun, nad-'rjun Mil. a disease. |vSn r )t(-bo\ also rje-u, lord, master, 1. ' ruler, king, yul-gyi rje mdzdd-nas ruling over a country, acting the part of a sovereign Glr. ; bod-Kdms-kyi r)e-bor gyur he became sovereign of Tibet Wdk.; sd-yi bddg-j)o mi-yi rje Mil. lord of the ground, ruler of the people; rje-bo dan bran, rje- I'ol Stg., master and servant; rje-blon king and minister; rje ci lags sir, what does that mean? Glr.; also a title before names, esp. names. of kings, jo-bo rje Dipangkiira Glr. ; rje-bdud rje-btsdn the gentlemen devils and the gentlemen goblins (messieurs les diables et messieurs les farfadets ) ; rje dkon-mcog-la ysol-ba O debs-pa Mil. is in fact an empty phrase in the mouth of a Bud- dhist philosopher, but may nevertheless be used in Christian language for addressing God as 'our Lord'. 2. a nobleman, a person of rank, r)eu(i) rigs, rje-rigs = rgyal- rigs the caste of nobility. rje-dpon (Lex. ^3Tnr) = rje, master, lord, prince 6s.; rje- ma, also yces-ma 6s., col. *se-ma*, a lady of rank, rje- cuii a young lady, a miss; rje-srds a young gentleman; also a term of address 6s. rje-btsun reverend sir, a title of the higher priesthood, rje-btsun-ma fern. rje-sa (or ze-sa) byed-pa to show deference , to pay one ? s respects ; ze - sai ytam, or ze-sai skad courteous words, esp. ceremonial and complimentary terms, e.g. dbu for mgo etc. W.: *yd-sa co-ce, yd-se pe-ra*. i*C^* r J e ~ ?l " r ^ e lo^ 61 " P art f tne l e & the Shank ( W. *stit/*) ; rkait-ldg rje- ndr the lower part of the arms and the legs Med. E'CT* rje-bay pf. brjes, fut. brje, imp. &/;/<. s, W. *ze-ce*, to barter, to give or take in exchange; O di-dag-gis brjeo it may be exchanged for these DzL; *zan dan srog ze-ce* W. to risk one's life for the necessary food (as thieves do); brje-byai nor articles of barter; in a more general sense: to change, to shift, miii the name, gos the clothes DzL, ynas the place, fse the life, i.e. to die 6s. br)e(-ba)-po a barterer 6s. "!* rjcd-pa, pf. and fut. brjed 1. to honour, reverence c. dat., mcdd-cin brjed-pa id. DzL; brjed-pai ^os venerable Lex. 2. to forget, frq. (cf. lus-pa); brjeJ- du jug -pa to make forget, to cause to forget. 181 r) fs Comp. rjed- nets-can Lexx. forgetful, oblivious; Cs. gives inst. of it: rjed-nes-can, but also thus no clear etymo- logical explanation is obtained. -- r)ed-cu draught of oblivion, of Lethe C's. rjed- bsnyen (etymology?) sgiig^pa technical term for the common practice of Indian servants to hide an object belonging to their master in some obscure corner, and after waiting (sgitg-pa) for some months, until it may be assumed that the thing is altogether forgotten (br)ed-pd), to appropriate it to themselves. rjed-fo list of notes, me- morandum-book, journal, diary, cash- book etc. Glr., C., W. rjed-rd6 prob. monumental or memorial stone. rjed- bydn specifications or lists of goods, pieces of luggage etc. which the Tibetans number and mark with the letters of the alphabet. rjed-bycd 1. a demon that takes away the power of memory, also rjed-byed-kyi ydon. 2. epilepsy (^nTOlT) Med. rjed- zds Cs. : 'the meat of forgetfulness'. rjen-ne-ba v. the following word. &'!' r )en-pa 1- not covered, bare, naked, B., C. (W.: *cer-nydl*), rkan-rjen (-pa) barefooted, unshod; zabs -rjen -par ydd-ba or ysegs-pa, resp., to be barefooted, to go barefoot; ydon rjen-du sdod-pa to sit with unveiled face, mgo-rjen-pa with uncovered head, rgyab-rjen with a naked back Cs. ; rjen - par O ddn -pa C. to strip perfectly ; dmar-rjen stark naked Sch. ; rdl-gri rjen-pa a naked sword; *zen-pa ton* W. give it (me) not wrapped up! sa-rjen the bare ground, not covered with a carpet 6s.; rjen-ne-ba undisguised, obvious to the understanding, manifest Mil. -- 2. raw, not roasted or cooked, sa-rjen raw meat, dmar-rjen red raw meat; mar -rjen not melted butter; nas-rjen raw barley, not prepared or roasted; also the meal of it: W. *nar-jen* barley -flour, cf. Sch.: l>r<t- rjen buckwheat -meal. rjen - zds Med. (Cs. also rjen-rfys) victuals that may be eaten raw. 3. not ripe, unripe W. |^|- rjes 1. trace, track, mark left, impression made (on the ground), pyi-rjes Med. prob. id.; mi-ijes a man's track. iiti-r),'x a horse's track Glr.; siit-rtai rjes the track of a waggon or cart, a rut; rkun-r)es, resp. zabs-rjes, the trace of one's foot, footprint, //v//)-/y,''.s byuit a footprint is made; ;/<///- r )^ s oJ9~P a to leave a footprint behind Mil.', byas-rjes proof of an accomplished deed, whether it be the work itself or some indubitable result of it; lay-rjes, resp. pyag-rjes impression or mark left of one's hand, hence fig.: action, deed, charitable institution, pious legacy, whereby a person wishes to immortalize his name. 2. the hind part of a thing Sch. (?) 3. inrelation to time: that which follows, the conse- quence, the course or progress of a thing, the last, = m)ug. 4. adv. and postp. inst. of rjes-su, v. below. rjes ycod-pa 1. Sch. to destroy, blot out, efface a track or trace, in Med. to eradicate the trace of a disease, to cure it thoroughly, 2. Sch.: to separate, disjoin the hind part(?) 3. W. *zfs cdd-ce* to follow a trace or track, to find out or to come upon the track. - rjes dzin-pa to 'seize' the track, to over- take Glr., also to be able to follow the track, rd-ma Kyui rjes mi zin-pa a goat that caunot follow the Hock Mil. rjes- la, rjes-su, rjes, adv. and postp., afterwards, hereafter, for the future, later; after, be- hind, de'i rjes-la, de-rjes after that, after- wards, later Mil.; de-dag O dds-pai rjes-su after these were gone Glr.', bzag-tjcs po. = bzdg-pai ^6g-tu Lt. ; nai rjes-su after my death, rjes-su in conjunction with verbs corresponds to the Ssk. ^ra and is often not to be translated, or serves only to give additional force to some other word or ex- pression: rjes-su ^ro-ba, Q brdn-ba to go after, to follow, to come after; also fig.: spyod-pa fams-cdd ya-rdbs-kyi ijes-su O bn''i- ba to imitate the nobility, the free-born, in their whole demeanour Glr.; l<'-l<> </<"' spyod-pa ndn-pai rjes-su O gro-ba to imitate idleness nnd wickedness, or idle and \\irkrd 182 rjes people Ld.-Glr.] sldb-dpon-gyi rjes-su brjod- de saying after the teacher Thgy. rjes- su O dzin-pa to receive Pth.: M-por rjes-su bzuft-nas Ito-gos-kyis bskydn - du ysol pray take me (the orphan) into your service, and provide me with food and clothes; to receive as a disciple or follower = ced-du " O d*in-pa frq.; to draw after (after death) Mil. ; to assist, O di rjes-su zun zig do take care of, or provide for this man (as a future co - disciple) Mil. ; finally with re- spect to charms and spells: to commit to memory or keep in memory ni f. rjes- su jug-pa 1. vb. a. to add. affix, 2. vb. n. to follow, bdag dan bddg-gi tjes-su ojug- pai slob-ma-mams I and the disciples that follow me Mil.- in a similar sense: mi-la rjes-su slob-pa to follow another as a dis- ciple Dzl %&, 3 (9&$, 7 seems to be a corrupt reading). Also in the following phrases rjes-su may be understood in the sense of: afterwards, subsequently: rjes-su drdn-pa to remember, recollect, keep in mind, rjes-su drdn-par byed-pa to bring to one's remembrance, to remind Pth.; rjes- su ^gyod-pa to repent Cs. ; pleon. or without any obvious meaning in: rjes-su mfun-pa Thgy. to agree, to accord, rjes-su rnyed- pa Sty. to find, r)es-su dpdg-pa to weigh, to ponder 6s., rjes-su snyin-brtse-ba Thgy. to pity, rjes-su bstdn-pa Tar. to instruct, and thus in similar expressions, esp. in one of frq. occurrence in legends: rjes-su yi-rdn-ba, resp. rjes-su fugs-rdfi-ba (Sch. erron. fugs -pa!) to rejoice, to enjoy, for which sometimes also rjes-su pyogs-pa is used, e.g. dbye-ba-rnams-la rjes-su yi-rdn- ba to rejoice at people disagreeing, to enjoy dissensions and jarrings Sty. Comp. rjes-skyes (^pra) born later; younger brother. rjes-grub-kyi mih by- name, surname Cs. rjes- Jug \. following. coming after, pyi-rdbs rjes-jug fams-cdd all the following generations Pth. 2. final consonant. rjes -fog prob. the same as rjes - la Wdh. rjes - fob Mil. is said to denote short interruptions of meditation by taking food, but no more than is ab- l)dn-Jfu solutely necessary for the preservation of life. rjes-dpdg \ . consideration, deliber- ation. 2. Was. (297) a syllogism consisting of three propositions. rjes-ma = r)es ~2 hinder part Cs. rjes-med without leaving any traces, trackless, O jig-pa to destroy thoroughly Glr. -$TJ" rjes-pa v. rje-ba. *J" r )od-pa pf. and fut. brjod, to say, pronounce, utter, e.g. a charm or magic formula; ne min zod-da rag* W. I hear my name mentioned; sans-rgyds- kyi mfsdn-nas to pronounce or invoke the name of Buddha Dzl. to propound, pro- mulgate, cos a religious doctrine; to enu- merate, set forth, legs - pa or nyes - pa the good or bad qualities, actions etc., yon-tan the excellence or superiority of a person Dzl. and elsewh.; to treat ot a subject in writing: lhdg-pa-rnams ni O dir bijod-bya we have now to treat of the rest Zam.\ an author even says zes brzod - de with regard to his own words (after a bombastic poetical exordium, like the 'dixi', of lionian orators) Glr ; rjod-du med-pa unspeakable, inexpressible, ineffable, rjod-du med-ciii dpdg-tu med-pa id. Dzl.; brjod^-kyis) mi lan-ba (or lon-bd) id.; also vb.: to be in- expressible or inexhaustible, frq.; re -ret miii-nas rjod mi Ian one cannot mention or enumerate them all Mil.; don mdzdd-pa rjod mi Idh-ho his utility is beyond de- scription Dzl.; rjod-kyis mi Idn-bai pyir mi bkod I do not write it down, because it is impossible to relate every thing Pth. (v. brjod). I) a 9 s j resp. for Ice, tongue, Ijdgs-kyis cab O dor-ba to spit, to spit out; l)ays-cdb spittle, saliva; Ijags-dbugs breath. l)dn-mo p. n. of a district 1. in U, 2. in Karns. l)dn-% u > or Ijdh-yuLt, W., green (gen. expressed by noti-po, notwith- standing the ambiguity), Ijait-skyd greenish white, l)an-ndg greenish black, dark green. Ijdn-pa green corn, in the first stage of its growth (in the second stage it is Ijan-dun 183 brjod called soy-ma, in the third snye-ma}. lo-ljdn-ba having a green blade. Ijdh-bu greenness, verdure (grass, foliage, shrubs), Lex.: -^fjsf Ijan-dmdr greenish red; Ijaii- ser greenish yellow. fr-rr* Ijan-dun (spelling?), solid, not 4 hollow, W. Ijan-tyin filth, dirt, dust, sweepings; lud-pa Ijan-ljin man, a great deal of foul mucous expectoration Lt. q- l J ab W - flat > P lajn > even ; *ljab-ljdb- * ba bor* lay or put it down flat; *ljab co-te dug* sit down flat (on the ground)! -q- *>'-*> * a flea (<>-*) 2. heavy, * weighty. ljid-pa, heaviness, weight, /<?/ da/i ljid-pa mnydm-pa dgos it must be weighed up with gold Glr." de dan Ijid mnydm-pa of equal weight, equal in weight Med.; Ijid-can, Ijid-lddn heavy; Ijid-ce-ba very heavy; Ijid-med light, not heavy; lm fams - cad - kyi Ijid pab he sat down with the whole weight of his body Cs.; Ijid-kyis non-pa pressing down by his(its) weight. ok-q* Ijen-paCs. to enter, to penetrate, bid-la one's mind, = to be perceived, understood; fson-ljen a die or colour pene- trating and remaining fixed in cloth etc. Of. zen-pa. ojc;^' (/'"'* a Iar 9 e valley, principal or main valley; region, district, province />;/.: Ijons dan yul- K6r countries and provinces; Ijoiis cen-po a large country; Jcd-ba-can- gyi Ijons O di, ydns-can(-gyi) l)ons Tibet, frq. ; ndgs-ljohs woody country ; smdn-ljons a country of medicinal herbs Zam.; mu- (jei Ijons a very poor country, starving country Mil.; ljohs-la in the valley, in the plain; Ijons-mi-rnams country-people Cs. Ijons (-su) rgyu - ba to rove about, l)ons syyur-ba the end of the estival fast of the monks (about the end of August), when they are permitted to rove about the whole district of their monastery. |j**j' ljon-pa a country of gods, paradise ; Ijon - sin a tree from paradise , or any large and beautiful tree; Ijon-pai nags a beautiful forest. bujid. Tar. 11, 14, but more frq. yzi- biyid, brightness, splendour, lustre, gen. of gods and saints, v. yzi; also dpal-brjid Lex. ; brjid-pa to shine, glisten, glitter Cs., brjid - kyis brjid shining with brightness Lex. b'je - bo a making up, a compen- sation by barter, brje - bo byed - pa Glr t) *brje-bo gydb-ce* W., to give an equal measure in bartering, e.g. of salt for barley. brjod (cf. rjod-pa} sound; talking; speech, brjod bde-ba euphony; also well-sounding, agreeable speech ; brjod mi bde-ba the contrary ; also : *dha jo mi de* C. it is not meet now to speak about it; brjod -pa speech, utterance; miion- brjod synonymy, explanation of words; Cs. also: 'a poetical term' ; mcod-brjod praise, eulogy, Sch.: in vocation of a deity; ce-bi')6dSchr.(?), and ced-du brjod -pa, Tar. 140,2 ace. to Schf. : preface, introduction, in C. : to ap- prove, sanction, commend, Was. (270) in the title of a book: = j^M ^ w.e. Comp. brjod-bya sbst., Zam. also brjod- pa, = q \-4Ji an attribute, predicate Lex. brjod-med 1. a speech not earnestly meant, empty words, mere talk. 2. Mil.: the un- speakable, the transcendental, identified by some with the Nirvana, by others not. brjod- dod Tar. 210,7: brjod- O dod-tsam ace. to Schf. : l a mere supposition' ; but in a passage in Mil. it seems to denote the (conceited) habit of constantly proposing one's own opinion, and so it might also be understood in Tar. 184 nya nya, I. the letter ny, double-consonant, ' distinctly pronounced like n -\- y (Ssk. t?f), and used only as initial letter; there- fore differing in its nature and sound from the Ssk. -sf, though representing it in Sans- krit words. II. symb. num. for eight. III. fish (*T<^T), nya O dzin-pa, W. "nya zum-ce*, nya O cor-ba (or bsor-ba') DzL, nya len-pa (blah-bo) Pth. to catch fish; O ddm- nya Ld., an eel Cs ; rgydl-po'i ysol-nya the king's table fish Pth. IV. also nyd-cu (cf. cu-bd). 1. tendon, sinew; W.: *Kdn-pe nya (lid son* my foot is asleep. 2. col. mark, left by a blow, a weal, *nya lam* the blow has left a weal W. V. 1. the fifteenth day of a lunar month, the day of the full moon. 2. = fses ni f. : zld-bai nya drug -la on the sixth day of the month Mil. VI. nya Sch. 1. lock (?) 2. muscle Med., nya-bzi the four principal muscles, viz. those of the arms and the calves of the leg, v. also the compounds. VII. *nya cdd-ce* W. to arrive sooner by a short cut; ct. also *fad-nya*. Comp. nya-i'kydl the bladder of a fish Cs. nya-skyogs gills. nya-Krd sea-eagle, white -tailed eagle Sch. nya-Krdb-can carp Sch. nya-krab-cen sturgeon Sch. nya-Hrom fish-market. nya-gdh l. full of fish Sch. 2. full moon Cs. nya-grcl, nyai grd-ma small fish-bones. nya- gyur = nya-log 2 S.g., C. nya-rgyd fishing- net. nya-rgydb C., earth heaped up (like the back of a fish) on the top of outer walls to prevent the entering of the wet. nya-rgyds (zld-ba) full moon Pth. nya-sgon fish-spawn, roe of fish. nya- Icibs fish-gills Cs.; mother of pearl Schr. nya-cu tendon, sinew; perh. also a large nerve in the nape of the neck. nya-ddl fishing-net; *nya-dol-pa* fisherman W. nyd-dos a load of fish Sch. nya-ldir 'a muscle' Sch. nyd-pa fisherman Cs. - nya-pyis (Cs.: fish-gills) mother of pearl S.g. and col nya-mid Sch. : a sea-mon- ster (this word seems not to be generally known). nyd-mo a (female?) fish Mil. - *nya-tscl* bow -net, kiddle W. *nya- fsdg C. id. nya-fsil the fat of a fish. nya-fser fish-bones Sch. nya-fson-pa fish- monger. nya- dzin Cs., *nya-kug* W., angle, fishing-hook. nya-zdn a fish-eater, one feeding on fish Cs. nya - rus fish- bone Cs. nya-log 1. Cs. : 'a contraction or sinking of the sinews'. 2. Sik. : cholera (Urd. &AUx) 3. Med., also nya-lhog, a name for a disease. nijd-sa 1. flesh of fish 2. W. : meat cut into long narrow strips and dried in the sun, in C. *sa-bcug*. nya-ysog the fin of a fish Cs. ni/a- sdg fish-scale. nya-sog prob. the back- bone with the bones attached to it, re- sembling a saw. W" nyd-ga, nyay, a steel-yard. ft^' nyd-bo body r figure Sch. nyd-ma (Sch. : 'mistress of the house, housewife'?) hearer of a Lama, with- out being a regular disciple Mil. frq.; nyd- ma pd-mo~i'nams Mil. (cog. to nydn-pa?) wx; nyd-ra care, ryd-ra byed-pa Sch., *nyd- ra co-ce* W., to take care of, to pro- vide for a person, to keep a thing well; *nyar go* C. for nya - ra byed dgos; cf. ynyer-Ha. q.jgg'^, nya-ra-nyo-re weak, feeble, frail, e.g. of a worm Thgy. OOT nyag 1. v. nyd-ga. 2. v. nydg-ma. 3. also nydg-ga, nyag-Krdm, notch, indenture, 16-maprd-la nydg-ga-can having nyag-nyig multifid leaves, like those of caraway Wdn. ; nydg-ga med-pa not cleft, not indented. 4. of wool, nydg-tu O dren-pa to draw out into threads, to spin Mil. ocrrocrr n y a 9- n yfy t's., Sch. also nyag-nyog 1 filth, dirt. nyag-nyiiy Mil = sna-fsoys (?), of rare occurrence. ni/ag-fdg thread; chain, of gold MY., of iron Mil.] cord for stringing turkoises Mil; a cable Schr. ni J a( J- mfil sca| e of a steel-yard, nyag-rdo weight of a steel-yard. WT5MT nyag-prdn a small beam, a pole ' C's. ; an arrow ; nyag-pran-mdd ar- row Mil. nydg-ma, also nyag-re, single; nyag ycig 1. id., skra, or spu nyag(-ma) fcig a single hair, frq.; skrd-yi nydg-ma id. (a man has 21 000 of them Med.) - 2. a minimum MY. 3. Sch. also: bache- lor, old voluntary bachelor. sans-rgyas- nyag-fcig Thgy., Pth., only Buddha, or nothing less than Buddha. nydg-mo Lex. w.e.; woman Sch. * nydg-sih beam of a steel-yard. a, nydn-ge Sp. rant, Ribes. nydn-ti jRwr. thy, your(?). nydn-pa (nydn-to, nydn-tam), imp. wj/ow 1. (also, though seldom, mnydn- pa) c. dat. or accus. to hear, to give ear to, to listen (cf. fos-pa) ; slob-dpon-gyi fdd- du cos nydn-pa to attend to the religious instruction of the teacher; hag or t'sig nydn- pa Dzl., Kd - la, or resp. zdl - la, or bka- nydn-pa to obey, to yield; nas ji-ltar zei'- pai Kd-la nydn-na Glr., na zer nydn-na Mil. if you listen to my word; Tar. 14, 14; 17, 16 c.c. las. 2. to listen secretly, to be an eaves-dropper, *pag-nycn )h/-pa* C., *pag-nydn co-ce, tdn-ce* W., id.; nydn- mlcan col. mjdn (-pa) -po, fern. nyan(-pa} -mo, B., a hearer, auditor; nyan-fos id.; but esp of the personal disciples of Bud- 185 dha, the Sravakas, Kopp. I, 419; Burn. I., 296 ; nyan - fos bcu - di-uy the sixteen ynas-brtdn q.v,; nyan- fos - ma a female hearer ; Ka-la nydn-po, nydn-mkan obedient, fcd-la mi nydn-po disobedient. 3. to be able, later B., and col., gen. with a nega- tive: ^gro ma nydn-pas not being able to walk (on account of illness) Mil.; also like ma btub-pa not being willing; without a negative: *nydn yin* W. yes, I shall be able; inst. of run-ba: *za-nydn yod-na fcyon* W., bring it me, if it is still eatable. AM- nyam, also nyam-tig^ nyam-yos cricket, locust Sik. res P- %*> fuys-nydm(s) 1. soul, mind, nydms-kyi grogs com- panions of the soul, viz. the murmuring springs and rivulets in the solitude of al- pine regions Mil.; nydms-kyi can the soul's wine, i.e. religious knowledge Mil. ; nyams dgd-ba 1. well being, comfort, cheerfulness, nyams mi-dgd-ba an unhappy state, dis- comfort, nyams - dgd glit - ru blons sing a song of joy! Mil. 2. gen. adj.: agreeable, delightful, charming, nyams - dga - bai sa- ynds a charming country Glr.. 2. thought, nyams skye or sar a thought rises. 3. strength, magnitude, height, state, manner, nyams-(kyi} fsdd byed-pa Pth. (also with bead -pa or len-pa C.) to try, to put to the test, e.g. one's strength; fugs-ddm-gyi nyams sad-pa to try the degree of a per- son's devotion or spiritual progress Mil.; smra-nydmSj byed-nydms manner, and particularly a pleasing, agreeable manner, - of speaking or dealing. Other phrases are: nydms-su len-pa to take to heart, to interest one's self in or for a thing DzL, to commit to memory, to learn (v. below); nydms-su myon-ba to suffer, undergo, experience DzL; nyams nd-ba v. the compounds; nyams bcdd-pa C. to try, to examine; nyams O bru-ba C. to irritate, provoke, vex; nyams my6n-ba = nydms-su myon-ba; nyams bzdg-pa is said to be = drdn-pa nye-bar bzdg-pa, v. nye-ba; nyams len-pa 1. = nydms-su len- pa, v. above, 2. col. to measure out, to 12* 186 take the measure, the dimensions of, to survey, sa land, nor the property, to take an inventory, to ascertain or compute the state of one's property, 3. C. = the follow- ing; nyams sad-pa ccg. 1. to try, to test, byed-dam mi byed whether he will do it or not Mil., to tempt, fugs-ddm-gyi nyams sad-pa v. above. 2. to mock, scoff, trouble maliciously, provoke, irritate C. Comp. nyams -dgu v. nyams- fobs. nyams-rgyud Mil. = nyams., nyams-i'yyud- la sbydns-pa, intellectually skilled, well versed. nyams - nd anxiety, fear, dread, of a thing, with the dat. or instr. Mil', nyams-nd-las fdr-ba to be delivered from anxiety S.y. ; nyams-nd-ba vb. to be alarm- ed, to be in great anxiety Sch.', adj. dread- ful, horrible, nays-fsdl nyams-na-ba a hor- rible forest Dzl. nyams-bcdg is said to be used resp. or euphem. ior skyon, e.g. for damage done to an image of a god by water C. ; nyams- cdgs sin Schr.; in Thgr. it seems to be used in this sense. nydms- cun 1. faint, weak, languid, exhausted, by hunger, illness etc. Dzl.; poor in learning, destitute of knowledge, ignorant W. ; des- titute of money, destitute of virtue C. '2. W col. for snyems-cun. nyams-rtogs resp. knowledge, cognition, perception, nyams-rtogs sig yod, nyams-rtogs bzdn-po skye or Jcruiis, a perception, a good thought arises (in my mind); in a general sense: nyams-rtogs-kyi mfar pyin-pa to obtain perfect knowledge Mil., frq. nyams -stobs strength, zin is gone Med. nyams-ston-'/sdl v. ysdl-po. nyams-brtds byed-pa strengthening, resto- rative , nourishing Med., (but nyams - brtas he recovered, grew well, got up again Dzl.~) - nyams- tag -pa suffering, tormented, ex- hausted Dzl.', nyams-fdg-pai skad or sgra lamentation, doleful cries. nyams-fdbs, nyams-dgu Sch. : 'appearance, colour, figure, state' (?). nyams- myon Tar. enjoyment, delight, nyams-myoh ma skyes run, although I had no real enjoyment of it Milnt.; fsor- bai nyams -myon prob. perception by the senses, knowledge acquired through the medium of the senses Mil. nyams-rlsdl nydl-ba Dzl. WL-> 1 Skill. nyams -mfsdr-ba C. wonderful, most beautiful. nyams-tin a memorial verse, a rhyme or verse serving to retain things in memory Mil. n y dms -P a injured, hurt, e.g., by a fall Dzl; of lifeless things: spoil- ed, damaged C.; impaired, imperfect, stobs- nyams, dbdfi-po nydms-pa, ydn-lag nyams Lex. (as explanation of zd-bo) ; smra-nydms (the sick person) speaks little Med.; *sem- nydm son-Kan* W. discouraged, disheart- ened; esp. relative to a violation of duty, failing in, tsul-Krims (or fsul-las) nydms- pas because he has failed in, acted against the moral law Dzl.; bzod-pa nyams- par ^gyiir-bas because their patience failed Dzl.; also stained Glr., z.g.Krdg-gis with blood; nydms-par byed-pa Wdn.\ nydms-su jug- pa Glr. to spoil, deteriorate, destroy; ma nydms-pa entire, complete, untouched, un- corrupted. AT- nyar 1. v. nya-ra. 2. Cs. } also nyar- nydr, oblong. nydr-yddh W. inst. of nar-ydon, shin, shin-bone. n yul-nyil, or nyal-nyol filth, dirt, foul matter, loose and dry dirt that may be removed by sweeping Pth., Dzl. nydl-ba, imp. nyol, 1. to lie down, e.g. before a tigress Dzl. ; to lie down, to Sleep, nyal(-du) son (he) went to bed Glr.; rgya-srdii-la nyal O dug-go (he) slept in the street Glr.' mi nyal tsdm-la when people go to bed, at curfew Mil.; rta nyal byed-pa to make a horse lie down Glr. ; rarely of things : rtsva nyal the grass is laid-down (by the wind or rain) Dzl.', ra ^og nydl-bai nya so Zam. calls the let- ter rnya ; fig. to rest, bde-bar nydl-du med- do (he) had no rest, viz. from envy Dzl. ?%, 12. 2. with dan or la, to lie with (a woman) Dzl. and elsewh. 3. fig. to dwell, to live Mil Comp. ityal-Kri couch, bed, sofa C. - nyal-gos counterpane, quilt, blanket Sch. nydl-po coition, nydl-po byed-pa to practise cohabitation, mdit-<hi immoderately Med. 187 nyi nydl-bu bastard, whoreson Ma. nydl-sa sleeping-place. a- nyi 1. num. fig.: 38. 2. num. inst. ' of ynyis in compounds, nyi-brgyd, -stoit, -Kri etc., nyi-Kri also title of a book, the Prajn'a Paramita, containing 28 000 Sloka. 3. for nyi-ma. 9*PS' nyi-Kud a lake in Nepal Pth. ^s *'|- nyi-ma (Bal. *nyo-ma*, 1. the sun, O car becomes visible, rises; sar id., also: has risen, shines; nub, rgas, W. also *skyod, bud*, sets, is setting; nyi-ma nub fse bar (for fse'i bdr-du) until sun-set Sch.', nyi-mai ynyen akin to the sun, the Sakya race 6's. ; *da nyi-ma rin-mo* W. now the sun stands already high in the heavens; *nyi-ma-gan-sdr* sun -flower, Helianthus. 2. day, = nyin-mo, opp. to night, frq.; *nyi-ma-fse* W. the whole day, all day long ; *nyi-ma-ped* W. noon, mid-day ; nyi- ma ycig one day, once DzL: nyi-ma-i*e-rer daily. Comp. nyi-dkyil disk of the sun Sch. nyi - gun , nyi - mai gun noon , mid day ; meridian (?) 6s. nyi-dgd seems to be the n. of a medicinal herb Med. nyi- rgds sun-set. nyi-ldog the solstice, dgun- nyi-ldog winter solstice, dbydr - nyi - Idog summer solstice Wdk. nyi -nub = nyi- rgds. nyi-fse 1 . Sch. : the time or duration of one day. 2. Lex.: = U^f direction, place, country (?); nyi-fse spyod-pa Lex.: a kind of ascetic; nyi- fse -ba Sch.: ephe- meral; single, simple; TJigy.: n. of a class of infernal beings. nyi - fsod sun - dial, nyi-fsod-kyi kor-lo the circle of a sun- dial 6s. nyi- Q dzin eclipse of the sun Ccf. sgra-ycdri). nyi-zer sun -beam, nyi-zcr rtd-la zon-nas riding on a sun-beam Mil. and elsewh. ; nyi - zer - gyi rdul a mote floating in a sun-beam. nyi-zld sun and moon; also the figures of sun and moon connected, crowning the top of the mcod- rten; nyi-zld bsdad mi on sun and moon will not stand still Mil. nyi-^og below the sun; the earth Was. (49); nyi-jg-gi rgi/al-Kams Glr. id.; it seems, however, to denote a certain country, ace. to Mahavyut- patti the same as Aparantaka, Williams: the western country ; cf. Schf. on Tar. ?%. nyi-,od sun-shine. nyi-yol any screen or shelter from the sun's rays: awning, curtain, parasol, pent-house Sch.; *nyi-rib* (prop, sgrib) W. id., umbrella. nyi-sdr sun-rise '(. s. nyi-lhag Sch. a cold day (?) Cf. nyin-mo. o^/v nyi-su (inst. of nyis-cu), often in con- ' >J junction with fdm-pa, twenty, nyi- su-rtsa-ycig B., C., *nyi-su-nyer-ycig* W., nyer-ycig, twentyone. S^roirr nyiff-nyig W. loose, slack, lax, not ' tight or tense. Sr'm* nyin-Ku, Ssk. ?no ^ s - ' 'heart, spirit, 1^, essence', cf. snyin-po. nyin-to Sch. : sure, trustworthy, Lea;. : nyih-tor = nes-par. nyin-lag, a category not familiar to us; gen. mentioned together with ydn-lag', it might be translated by: members of a second order, parts of the ydn-lag; the exact meaning must however remain undetermined, as the Tibetans themselves are not able to give a clear definition of it. In 6'. : inner parts of the body, opp. to outer. In books, phrases like the following are to be found: ydn- lag dan nyin-lag fams-cdd dan Iddn-pa; ydn-lag dan nyin-lag nd-ba\ ydn-lag (/"/'/ nyin-lag ycod-pa; evidently the nyin-lag are smaller, but more numerous than the ydn-lag. In Pth. also nyiti-sprul is found besides yan,-sp*ul, emanation of the third order; v. sprul-pa. or*5jj(T$r5ji'n* nyih-mfsdms sby&r-ba to be re-born Stg. Sw. nyid I. self, same, opp. to other persons, ' ma nyid the mother herself Dzl. ; mi de ni rgydl-po nyid yin-no this man are you yourself, o king! Dzl.', the very, just he, just it etc., las byed-pai ynas nyid-lajust where I am working Dzl. ; dri drun-ny Ul- na (or du) close by, to, or before, hard by, Thgy.; dus de-nyi<l - <ln at the very moment, frq.; mcdd-bya ny/'d that which is venerable par excellence Tar. 15, 13; ydn- 188 nyu-t tan nyid Tar. 15, 14 id.; de-nas mi rin- ba-nyid-na a very short time after Tar.; when added to adjectives it denotes ab- stract nouns, as in English the terminations : -ness, -ship, -ty, -cy, -y etc., but it is chiefly limited to the language of philo- sophical writings, from which a few ex- pressions only (such as ston-pa-nyid the emptiness, the Buddhist vacuum) have found their way into col. language. - 2. In the more recent literature it is used resp. for Kyod, thou, you ; nyid-kyi thy, your Pth., Ma.; nyid -ran you (col. *nyi-rdn, nyo-rdn*} W., C., resp., like the German 'Sie' ; nyid-cag(j-ran) you, addressed to one person or to several, C. (in Glr. Kyed-cag seems to be used in the same way). - 3. Only, grans-kyi Ina nyid Zam. only the numeral Ina; zanyid-do the letter za alone (without a prefix). mo} l.fay,=nyi-ma 2; nyin- n -la during the day -time Pth.; nyin-mor ^gyur it dawns 6s.; nyin- mor byed 'making day', an epithet of the sun Cs. ; nyin adv. in the day-time Glr. ; nyin-cig one day, once Dzl. ; nyin cig bzin- du daily Dzl.', nyin-par during the day- time Dzl. ; by day-light Dzl. ; del nyin-par on that day, frq. Dzl.; pyir nyin, pyi de nyin, dei pyi nyin the following day, on the f.d. Dzl.; fses bco-lndi nyin the 15th., on the 15th. Glr.; fig.: bstdn-pa nyin-par mdzdd-pai skyes-bu a saint that restores the doctrine, a reformer of faith; hence Schr. : ddd-painyin-byed evangelist, apostle. - 2. propitious day; *na ca nyin-mo mi O duy* W. this day is not propitious for me to go. Comp. nyin-dkdr a white, a lucky day Sch. nyin-gdn, nyin-fog-fdg (W. * fag- fog*) all the day long. nyin-gun noon. nyin-gla daily pay, a day's hire 6s. *nyin-fse-re* W. all the day long, the live- long day. nyin - mfsdn 1 . a day and a night, nyin-mt&dn bco-brgydd Mil. for nine days and nine nights. 2. day and night Dzl., nyin-mfsan-med-par id., frq.; nyin- W. id.; nyin-mfsdn-du id. Mil.; nyin-mfsdn mnydm-pa equinox. nyin-zdg(-fcig} 1. a day with the night, 24 hours, divided into 1 2 portions of time, called l>yim (q. v.): nam-pyed midnight, nam-pyed-yol 2 o'clock a. m., fo-rdns 4 o'cl. a.m. (in popular language also: *jd-po ddn-po* about 2 o'cl., *nyis-pa* 3 o'cl., *sum-pa* 4 o'cl., nam-ldns 6 o'cl a. m. (i.e. the time when the sun first illumines the mountain tops; it is from this moment, and not from midnight, that in daily life the date is counted); nyi-sdr 8 o'cl. a.m. (when the sun rises upon the valley); dros- jdm (col. *nyi-fful*} 10 o'cl. a.m.; nyin- gbh, nyi-pyed 12 o'cl., noon; pyed-col (W. *zd-ra pi-mo*} 2 o'cl. p.m., myur - smdd 4 o'cl. p. m., nyi- rgds 6 o'cl. p. m., srod- Jfdr 8 o'cl. p.m. (col. *sa-rub, srod-rub*}, srod-col 10 o'cl. p. m. (col. *ti>\-nyi'*} - thus ace. to Wdk. By adding the names of the 12 years' cycle (nam-pyed byi-ba, pyed- col glan etc. , v. the word lo} , these terms have been rendered still more con- venient for astrological calculations. Of course, all the terms given are strictly correct only at the time of the equinoxes, and deviate at the summer and winter solstices for more than an hour from the time indicated by our clocks. 2. nyin-zdg as symb. num.: 15. nyin-bzin-gyis Pth., nyin-re bzin Glr., daily adv., \\~\\\\-gyi adj. - nyin-ldm a day's journey Glr., rkan- fdn-gi, rtd^pai, lug-pai nyin -lam a pe- destrian's, a horseman's, a sheep-driver's daily march. nyin-rdiis Tar. (= fo-rdns} day-break, morning twilight Schf. sunny side of mountains. fthlJ'n* n yil-ba to decay, to crumble to pieces, of rocks, mountains etc.; rarely to run down, of tears, to flow down, of locks of hair. A^f- nyis 1. instrum. of nyi. 2. in com- pounds for ynis. ft nyu num. fig. : 68. *?>"^ nyu-ti pear IA. 189 nyug-pa 1 . to besmear, s/?os to per- fume; to rub gently, to stroke, to Sch., in this sense perh. G-yatch V9, 14. 2. to touch, = reg-pa ccd. W.; C.? - 3. to search after (feeling, groping) C's. 4. to put out, stretch out, cu-nas mgo one's head out of the water, to look or peep Out, resp. dbu nyug mdzdd-pa Glr.; nyug-nyug-pa Tar. 80, 21 to stand out, to project (Sch. : to run to and fro?). n y^ff~ rtsa ^-tog Carthusian pink C. nyug-rum, nyun-rum a eunuch Dzl nyun-ba I. adj. col. *nyuh-nu*, little; *nyun-nu zig*, Ld. col. *nyun-na- rig*, nynn-zad cig id. ZteZ. ; nyun-sds We?/?., a little, a few, some; nyun-bar byed-pa to make less 6s. 2. vb. to be little. ar*xr nyun-ma turnip, la(-pug dafi} nyun (ma) radishes and turnips Glr. nyun-Ku, nyun-loi ja turnip-soup, turnip- tea, an infusion of dried turnip leaves, much used, e.g. in Bhotan, and considered very nourishing(?). *nyun-do*C., mentioned by Wts. p. 137. as 'navets ronds', large sweet, red turnips (perh. turnip - rooted cabbage?). nyun-yzi seed -turnips (6s. turnip-seed). nyun-lo a turnip leaf. Note. In writing and speaking this word is often confounded with yun(s) mustard, so that e.g. yun-ma is said for turnip inst. of nyun-ma, nyuns-dkdr for white mustard, inst. of yuns-dkdr. nyun-rum v nyug-rum. nyfd-ba to wander or rove about, to pass privily or steal through, e.g. towns, countries, mountains Mil., burying- places, tombs (as jackals) Mil.\ (Ita) nyul- pa, nyul-mi Pth., sa-nyul a spy 6s. (Also ynyul-ba, myul-ba.} 3} nye num. fig. : 98. ?>'?' nye-ti a pear Schr. (cf. nyu-ti, nyo-ti). 5-- nye-ba I. vb., to be near, to approach, always with the supine of a verb, dus byed - du nye- bus when he was near dying Dzl.', zld-ba fsdii-du nye-bas (when she was) near the completion of the months, i e. the time of giving birth to a child Dzl., frq. ; slob-dpon jn/ir ^on-du nye-btm when the time of the teacher's return drew near Dzl. ; zin-du mi nye-ste being not near having done Dzl.', even used as follows: ynas der sleb-tu nye-bai fse when he came near the place Mil. II. adj., col. *nye-mo* near, both as to space and time, lam-nn-gi ynyen-pas Ktjim- mfses nye the neighbour is nearer than a kinsman living far off; kd-ba dan nye- bai sar at a place near the pillar Glr.; fag-nye-ba id.: ri fag -nye-ba zig a near or neighbouring hill Ma.-, standing near, fig. being closely connected with by con- sanguinity: nye-ba -mams C. relations, kindred (Dzl. 9V& ', 13 ynyen-pas prob. is preferable to mo nye-bas); allied by simi- larity : mfsdms-med-pa It'ta dan de dan nye- bai sdig-pa the five worst sins, and those coming nearest to them; near by friend- ship and affection: *nye-mo yin* W. he is closely connected with us, he is desirous to enter into an intimate connection with us; bio, or snyiii, or sems nye-ba (or *nye- mo*}, friendly, kind, amicable, bio nye-ba Itar byed-pa to affect a friendly manner Glr.; *nye - mo jhe* - pa* C. to love, e.g. parents loving their children or vice versa; nye-bai sras brgyad Glr. the eight intimate disciples (of Buddha, not historical, but mythical persons, Mandshusri etc.). III. adv. nye-bar or nyer 1 . near, dan to, dA-dag dan nye-bar Ihd-Kan bzens near to them he built a temple Tar.; nyt-bar ^dfi-ba, sleb-pa, to come near, to approach; nye-bar ^gyur-ba id , stons-su nye-bar <yy>i>'- ba dan when it was nearly empty /'///.: ddr-la nye-bar gyur-to it began to spread, to extend itself l*th.; nye-bar ymis-pa to be near, to stand near, e.g. of a star Wdn. '2. nye-bar bi/'<l-/xr. with la, to adhere to. to keep (one's promise) l*th. 3. nyt-bar bzdg-pa to make use of. to employ, drdn- pa nye-bar L>:<nj-i>n (jf?rtJ5?lTT. Hum. I., 190 nye-zo 626. ^gxr near, though Tibetan dictionaries write ^j^) to make use of one's intellectual powers. To do this rightly forms part of Buddhist wisdom (v. Kopp. I, 436) and instruction (Dzl. 9Q& ', 7, where Sch.'s version is incorr.), being divided into four divisions or degrees (Bum.); sans-rgyds- la dkon-pai O du-ses nye-bar bzdg-pa to apply to Buddha the notion of rareness Tar. 5, 13. 4. intensely, urgently, speedily, jigs-pa nye-bar zi fear is speedily allayed Glr. ; nadnye-bar O fso the disease is speedily cured Thgy.; nye-bar len- pa Mil., Thyy. to seize eagerly, to strive for earnestly, to aspire to , esp. to the re - birth as a human being; cf. also nyer -len; nye-bar mtfo-ba of urgent necessity, frq. Tar. nyer O pel it increases rapidly Med. IV. sbst. v. nye-sin. Comp. nye - slew Sch. nye - K6r those about US, the company around us, Kyed- rdn - gi nye-Hdi*-gyi Idom -bu-ba a beggar belonging to the people around you Mil. ; esp. relations, kindred, des nye-Kw yan sugs-kyis yon in this way family- connections are formed of themselves Mil. nye- mfcon = nye-rin Cs. (?) nye- grogs neigh- bour, fellow -creature Cs. nye -car now Sch. nye-dag Cs., nye-du, and most frq. nye- brel (ynyen - O brel} kindred, relations (these being considered a main obstacle to moral perfection, they are to be shunned accordingly). nye-ynds disciple, kyed- hyi nye-ynds bgyio, nye-ynds-su mcio I wish to become your disciple Dzl. nye- fsdn, nye-rigs relative, kinsman. nye-rin 1 . near and far, near and distant relations. 2. distance, sgor nye-rin ci-tsam yod how far is it from here to the gate? 3. partial, rgydl-po nye-^iin ces the king is very par- tial Glr., nye-rin-me'd-pa impartial Glr. nye-ldm near; now Sch. ^jg? nye-zo damage, mishap, accident (syn. to bar- cad), nye-zo-med-par without an accident, safely Dzl. Lexx. to wash. nyes-pa <v.t* nye-sin, or nye-bai sin Med., a tree the fruits of which are used as a sweet medicine. nyeg - ma, nyeg - fag, v. nydg-ma. nyed-pa = mnyed-pa. IJLJT- nyen \.-nye, nyen-kor, or nyen-skor ' =nye- Q Kor a relative, Pth.: nyen-kor zig yin he is a kinsman; also alone, like ynyen. 2. with a vb. : danger, risk, myur- du ojig-nyen yod there is a danger of its being soon destroyed Glr. ; dmydl-bar ^gro- nyen yda there is a danger of going to hell; srog-gi bar-cdd-du ^gro-bai nyen yod Mil. of risking one's life; *dun-nyen* C. he has the chance of receiving a good beating; occasionally also: to be near, to impend, in reference to happy events; in col. lan- guage it is simply used for danger, nyen- can dangerous, e.g. lam, las, sbrul etc. nyen-pa, pf. nyen-to, to be pained, pinched, pressed hard, e.g. by hun- ger, cold, enemies; to toil and moil, to labour hard, to drudge; v. ban. *?X* nyer 1 . = nye-bar. 2. v. nyi-su. JIX-^TJII^J. nyer - snogs Thgij,, theme, task ^ I Sch. or -or nyer-nyer, nyer-ze; W. dregs, sedi- ment. nyer-ba 1. Sch. to tan, curry, dress, make soft. 2. W., also *nyer-kdd tdri-ce*, to snarl, growl. 3. W. to tarry, stay, linger (snyer-ba for bsndr-ba?). nyer-ma W. for fyer-ma, red pepper. r -Qty- nyer - len, or nye - bar len - pa, is ' said to be = rgyui rgyu, original cause. ^q* nyel-ba taken ill, sick Sch, e*xrn m nyes-pa I. sbst. any thing wrong or noxious, or liable to become so, and the consequences of it; hence 1. evil, calamity, damage, nyes-pa fams-cdd del lus- la O duo all sorts of plagues are collecting upon his body Dzl.; lo-nyes a bad harvest, failure of crops, lo-nyes byim-bai fse when 191 *o nyo the harvest had been bad; in a special sense in medicine: the three humours of the body, air (v. rlun), bile, and phlegm, gen. called f^f^far ; nod-by e'd nyes-pa ysum the three noxious matters (most diseases being ascribed to a derangement of one of them). 2. moral fault, offence, sin, crime, nyes-pai skyon, being contaminated by a crime DzL; lus dan ndy-yi (or Kai} nyes-pa sin in word and deed DzL; nyes- pa byed-pa to commit a fault, a crime; to sin, frq.; also: mi ziy-la nyes-pa byuii a slip has occurred to a person DzL ; bddy- la nyes-pa ci ziy yod-de ma fnaii what crime have I committed, that you will not give me permission? DzL 3. punish- ment C. *nye-miy* id., resp. *ka-nye; nye- pa poy-Kan* he that has got a punishment. II. vb. to commit an offence, O dis ci nyes - te bzun what offence has he com- mitted that he is taken prisoner? DzL (c above); snon-cad bddy-yis nyes-pa bden it is true that formerly I committed a fault DzL ; siidr ma sbrdn - pa nyes - so the not reporting sooner was a fault DzL; yyogs- pa nyes -so you have committed a fault by covering . . . DzL; bday nyes-na if harm is done to me ; hence ci nyes in a general sense: Kyod ci nyes-pa smros siy tell me what has happened to you DzL; btson-na ci nyes quid mali, si vendideris? DzL; mi drdn-nam ci nyes is she out of her senses, or, what is the matter with her? DzL; ci nyes-na why, ci nyes-na Kdn-pai ndit- na 'i'dzin-bu bskyil why is there a pond within the house? DzL ; ma nyes-pai O yro- ba innocent beings Mil. ; ma nyes-pa pyir byuii he came out again unhurt DzL; nyes- byas a wicked action, a sin 6s. ; nyes-ltun sin, sinful deed, trespass, nyes-ltuh-yis poy he has been overtaken by a sin Mil. *%' nyo 1. num. -fig.: 128. 2. carrot Cs. C W ynydn mo fein.; nyo-mKan a buyer, customer; nyd-fo account, bill; nyo- fsoti commerce, traffic; nyo- fs6ii byed-pa to trade. 2. to take at rent, to take the lease (of a field, by buying the crop). JWT^T nyoy-pa soiled, dirtied, made unclean, e.g. of victuals Mil.; ny6y-ma Sch., cu-nyoy Lejc. muddy, foul water; nyoy-nyoy- po confused (story) Tar. nyogs-byin Sch.: too soft; nyog- nydn Sch. soft, tender, weak, inclined to weep; *ses-nyoy-can* (for yce's- nyocf-can) dandling, fondling W. 9^'J' nyod-pa food Lea:. n fJ on ~ m0flS ~P a (seldom without -pa), Ssk. %?% 1 . misery, trouble, pain, frq.; also used as a verb: nyon-mo/is- sin; tsd-bas nyon-mons-te molested by the heat DzL; nyon-moris-par O yyur-ba to get into trouble DzL ; nyon ma mons-sam had you to experience any hardship? DzL 2. in a restricted sense: the misery of sin, nyon-mohs- pa-las pan-pai don med this does not avail for being delivered from such misery DzL; Sin, nyon-mo/is-pai nad, dri ma DzL ; se'r - sna - la sogs-pai nyon- mohs-pa avarice and other sins S.O. ; nyon- mons-pa-med-pa free from sin, sinless S.O.; nyon-mohs-can-yyis nyd-sa nyos Zarn. the offender buys the flesh of a fish. nyob-nyob weak, feeble-minded Sch. ?r^' nyor 1. v. nyo-ba. 2. a rectangle Cs. QT nyol, imp. of nydl-ba; nyol-ba prov. for nydl-ba. Sxt- nyos, imp. of nyo-ba; nyos-mi a slave Cs. nyo-ti a pear Ld. 3?n nyo-ba, pf. and imp. nyos, 1. to buy, dnul bryyas for a hundred rupees; nyo-(ba-}po a buyer, purchaser, nyo-(ba-) ynydn-ba Sch., prob. = mydn-ba. ynyan 1. a pestilential disease, epi- demic, or contagious disorder, plague, mdze dan O b)itm - bu ynyan Ma. ; jnyan- ndd id.; ynyan- du<j a poison against, or a remedy for the plague Mai.; <lk-)-/iif<in a destructive plague Sch. 2. a species of wild sheep, argali (Ovis ammon). 192 ynydn-pa ynyis /nydn-pa cruel, fierce, severe, lha jrnydn-rnams Glr. gods of venge- ance, deities of terror; klu-ynydn id.; Krims ynydn-pa a cruel commandment, frq.; dam-fsig ynydn-pa prob. a rigid vow, a solemn oath MIL; of mountains: wild, rugged , precipitous ; ynydn - sa a rugged country Mil.; in ynydn-pai ynad (v. ynad} prob.: dangerous. jrnydn-po sbst. Mil.? rja(-ba) 1. neck, nape, - t -nyd- ba brtuhs the neck is contracted or shortened Med. ynyd-ko hide, or leather of a beast's neck 6s. ynya-K6bs screen of the neck (attached to a helmet) Sch. ynya - 'fgyob (?) C. breast - work, parapet. ynya-rtse vertebra prominens, the cervical vertebra with its projecting process Mil. ynya-fsigs cervical joint. fnya-rens stiff neck, ynya-rehs-can 1. having a stiff neck; 2. stiffnecked, obsti- nate. ynya-siii a yoke (for oxen) Glr., Lex. 2. skad-ynyd v. skad. ynya-ndh, or snya-nd/'i, a village on the frontier of Nepal j-,, Q.JX? ynyd-bo a witness, one that gives evidence Cs. , Lex. = dpdh - po ; ynyd-bo byed-pa to pledge for, to be surety for; Dzl. ??V- bskyi-fnyd byas, Sch.: l he made an attested loan'. W*- a for rnyis-ka %.; ynyi-zer for nyi-zer Lex. fnyig-tu Lex. = yciy-tu. ynyid, resp. mnal, sleep, -fnyid-du O gro-ba to fall asleep Glr., Mil.; W. *nyid ma yon* sleep has not come, I am sleepless ; *nyid ma Kug, nyid Hug ma nyan*, also *nyid sa/i son* id.; ynyid mi fub he cannot find sleep Med. ; ynyid-fum-pa one uninterrupted portion of sleep Glr.', ynyid mfug-pa a sound sleep, ynyid-srdb a light sleep , a slumber Med. ynyid - log - pa (prop, ynyid- kyis log -pa} Dzl. to fall a- sleep, Dzl. ?V%, 16; #?, 9 (thus correctly translated already by &?/M\), prob. also to sleep; ynyid-la ^gro-ba, W. *ca-ce*, to fall asleep; ynyid fug-por son he fell into a deep sleep Mil.; *da-run ynyid ma log- mKan - O dug* W. I am still awake ; ynyid sdd-pa to awaken, to awake vb. n. ; ynyid- yur-ba to be overcome by sleep Sch., Tar. 31, 22, Rh., ynyid -rdol C. som- nambulism; *nyid-ma-mun-la <h'd-ce* id., Ld.; ^nyi'-col gydb-pa* id. C. ynyid- can sleepy 6s. ; ynyid-med having no sleep, sleepless; ynyid-yer morbid sleeplessness; ynyid-ydr Med., Pth., id.? ynyid-lam C. = rmi-lam dream. de ynyis, ynyis-po, ynyis-ka the two, both ; ynyis (-su) -med(-pa) ; mi - ynyis - pa Tar., not being two, i.e. not differing, identical, the same, ha dan rgydl-ba ynyis- su med I and Buddha, we are one, i.e. I am an incarnation of Buddha Glr.; Cs. also: indubitable, thus perh. used by Mil.; ynyis-su Jbyun-ba to be divided into two, to become two Glr. - - 2. a (married) couple, brdm - ze ynyis Brahmin man and wife. 3. both (v. above), in Tibetan often added, where two nouns have the same predicate, either disjunctively, and then usually followed by re: jo - bo dan byams - mgon ynyis mdzo - mo re'i stin - du bzugs both the lord and the Maitreya were mounted on bastard-cows Glr.; na-rdn re ynyis either of us Mil. ; pyi nan ynyis cos- lugs gan bzan which is the better of the two religions, the esoteric, or the exoteric? Glr.; or copulatively: Kyo-sug ynyis-la rds-cug ycig-las mi bdog-ste as they both, husband and wife, had only one cloth to- gether Dzl. ; and reciprocally: cos dan bon ynyis rtsod-pa the contest between the religion of Buddha, and the religion of the Bons Glr. ; Kyod dan ha ynyis bza-mi byao we two shall marry each other Glr. In most cases mentioned sub 3, ynyis-po (the two), ynyis-ka, (j)nyi-ga, W. col. also ' :: nyi-ko, nyi-kad, nyi-kod*, Sp. *nyi-mo*, may be used inst. of ynyis; ynyis may also refer to several nouns on one or on both sides: Kyed dan ha ynyis both you (re- ferring to several persons) and I; but it may also be quite omitted, as iu "other languages: ga dah bai juy-tsul the way 193 ynyiig-ma ynyen of employing the (two) letters g and b Gram. Comp. and deriv. ynyis -skyes one that is born twice i.e. a bird 6s.; also one that has entered into a religious order Cs. - ynyis - car v. car. ynyis - ynyis two a piece. ynyis-lddb twofold, double, v. Idab. ynyis - O fuii (f^tf) 'drinking twice', the elephant. ynyis - pa 1. the second. 2. having two, possessed of two, e.g. mao- ynyis-pa having two heads, two-headed; also double-tongued, deceitful W. 3. having doubts, doubting(P) Wdn. ynyis-po the two, both (v. above). ynyis-med v. beginning of this article. ynyis- Q dzin prob. the state of being affected or influenced by contrary things: doubt, unsteadiness, wavering Glr.; ynyis- O dzin ltd-ba prob. to look upon two things as differing, to think them different Mil. 7 n ^g-ma Cs. natural, opp. to beds - ma artificial , hence (Sch.) = ch'ios-ma; Lexx. = f^j innate, peculiar. It occurs in the expressions: sems ynyug- ma, and ynyug-mai sems Mil; ynyug-mai ye-ses Mil. ; ; nyug-mai don Mil. and Lex. ; ma-bcos ynyug-mai ndn-du O dres, perh. : is dissolved into the uncreated primordial existence Mil. Our Lama explained it dif- ferently in different passages, and was not certain of the true meaning of the word. cnAr-rmx- ynyun-dkdr rape-seed for press- <o ing oil; but cf. nyun-ma. ynyul-ba = nyul-ba. ^-|. ynye-ba, Glr. also ?nyeo, smye-bo, a wooer, courier. ynye - ma the twisted part of the colon or great gut, Med. and col. (Sch. erron.: rectum). OTJLT- ynyen, resp. sku- ynyen 1. kinsman, relative, bydms-pai ynyen loving^re- lations, frq.; ynyen- la bydms-pa byed-pa to love one's relatives; ynyen -gyi sgyiig- mo, sgyjtg-mo as a degree of relationship Lex.; ynyen byed-pa to become related, or allied, by marriage Dzl. 2. gen. ynyen-po. helper, friend, assistant, esp. spiri- tually: rqijud ynyen-po bzdn-bar byin-gyis rlobs bless my soul, that it may become a good spiritual helper (to these people) Mil. ; ynyen-po -la ma ltds-par without looking up to a spiritual adviser Mil. ; frq. used of supernatural helpers : bod O dul-bai ynyen-po the promoter of the conversion of Tibet (the special Saviour of Tibet, as it were), Awalokiteswara, frq. ; applied to things: remedy, means, expedient, antidote, ndd-la yso-bar byed-p&i ynyen-po assistants in curing maladies (e.g. medicine, diet etc.) Med. ; del ynyen-por as a remedy for Thgy., frq.; sgrub-pai fobs mi sex-pai ynyen-por as a remedy for helplessness in acquiring a certain object, i.e. direction or instruc- tion how to obtain it Thgy.; ynyen-po ysdn-ba mysterious helpers, or sources of good (relative to fetish -like objects frq.) 3. 6s.: 'ynyen-po adversary, antagonist, enemy; contrary, opposite, adverse'; Sch.: 'ynyen-por rten-ya to adhere to the counter party'; Lexx. have 'spdn-byai ynyen-po' a ynyen-po to be shunned, explaining ynyen-po by HfdH^ (prob. to be corrected into TJ^) opponent, adversary. Sure proofs of this sig- nification of Ynyen-po I seldom met with in literature, but Lewin mentions some instan- ces scarcely to be doubted. 4. i.o. mnyen and bsnyen. Comp. dpun-ynyen helper, assistant, frq. - pd- ynyen j md- ynyen a relation on the father's side, on the mother's side 6s. bses-ynyen friend, esp. spiritual friend, v. bses. ynyen-grds (Sch.?), ynyen-Jbrel, *nyen - dun - po* W. relations, esp. of the same blood; ynyen-sde, ynyen-fsdn, ynyen- srid Mil. id., col. ynyen- dun 1. Sch.: 'concord, harmony, amongst kinsmen', in which sense it seems to be used in Stg.: ynyen- Q dun zdd-pa yin this harmony ceases. 2. relations, pa yan ma yin, fnyen- dun min neither father nor relations Ttyy. ynyen- zld prob.: qualified, fit for matrimonial alliance (as to birth etc.), kytd-rnamx kyaii ned rgya-ndg-pai ynyen-zld yin-pas as ye Tibetans may enter into connubial con- nexion with us Chinese Glr. ; in a concrete sense: a good match, ynyen-zld ma rnyM- 13 194 ynyer-ba kyis Dzl. ?$}> 14; ttyod dan ynyen-zld min I am not allied with you by marriage, with you I am not on terms of affinity. ynyen-sdl (?) reconciliation C. ynyen- bses relatives and friends, also separately : Kyod-la ynyen med bses kyan med Mil. ynyer-ba c. accus. to take pains with, to take care of, to provide for, to try to get; to procure, to acquire, ynyer byed-pa id.; as a sbst. Tar. 165, 22: the procurer, provider Schf.; gen. in conjunc- tion with don in various ways, as: bdag don zig ynyer - te as I have to look after a business Dzl. 3, 7; don ynyer-ba to earn money; don-du ynyer-ba c. accus., rarely*c. dat. : to provide for, to strive to procure, nor don-du ynyer-ba to endeavour to make money, frq.; yo-bydd don-du ynyer -ba- rnams people who desired to have goods Tar. 169, hence don-ynyer exertion, effort, zeal, don-ynyer cen-po dgos great exertions are necessary Mil. ; in this sense prob. also Tar. 4, 8 : earnest exertion (in investigating) ; don-ynyer byed-pa c. la to study, investigate (a thing) Glr.; don- ynyer-can 1. zealous, painstaking. 2. Sch. also : liked, welcome, myron a welcome guest. - dkon- ynyer Tar. 183, 21, Schf.: ad- ministrator of valuable property; ace. to others: the first secular functionary of a ytsug - lag - Kan , about the same as bailiff (steward) of a convent, = lha-ynyer Georgi Alph. Tib. (in an edict) ; also the manager of the daily sacrifices (dgon-ynyer?); slob- ynyer a student, cos-slob-ynyer a religious scholar (a student of theology) Mil , slob- ynyer^gdn-du bgyis where did you study? Mil. ytad -ynyer byed-pa to trust (a person with), to intrust (a thing to) Glr. ; ced-du ynyer-ba, and rjes-su ynyer-ba v. ced. ynyer-Ka attention, care, ynyer-Ka byed-pa ccg. to pay attention to, attend to, take care of Pth.; ynyer-Ka ytad -pa to commit (a thing) to a person's charge, to put a person in trust of Glr. ynyer- pa farm-steward, in convents etc. ynyer- dn prob. = ynyer-ffa. ynycr-fsdn store- mnydm-pa room, store-house, (if under the charge of a special ynyer-pa}. ynyer - ma a fold of the skin , wrinkle Med.; ynyer-ma rens-pa O gyur the wrinkles are made straight, are smoothed Sty.; ynyer -ma -can wrinkled; Kro - ynyer (*rajf?r) a frown, a severe or angry look v. Kro-ba; ynyer-ba to wrinkle, sna - gon ynyer - ba to knit the brows, to frown Pth. ynyel-ba mnyel-ba Sch. t- ynyog-pa to desire, to wish earnestly Cs. v. snyog-pa. y n V 6d strength, durability, stoutness of cloth etc., C. and W., ynyod-can strong; ynyod-cuii, ynyod-med weak; Lex. lus ynyod - cun a weakly body or consti- tution. y n yd-P a to draw, stretch, strain mnyan C. boat, skiff, wherry; mnydn- pa boat-man, ferry-man. mnydn-pa 1. = nydn-pa Dzl. etc. 2. v. mnyan. ' mnyan-yod, ?n^^t, a town in the northern part of Oudh. mnyam v. the following word. mn y dm -P a (^m) co1 - *nydm-po*, 1. like, alike, equal, same,mnydm- po yod they are alike, equal, not differing, col.; with dan, seldom with the termin., lha dan mnydm-pa yod they are like unto the gods Pih., Glr.; zlum-por mnydm-pa roundish Sambh. ; rigs mnydm-pa of equal birth, rank Dzl.; dus mnydm-pa contem- porary, simultaneous, frq. mnydm-par gyur- ba to become equal, to be equal Dzl. - 2. even, level, flat, lag-mfil Itar mnydm-pa flat like the palm of the hand Glr. and elsewh.; mnydm-pa (or -par~) byed-pa to make even or level, to even, to equalize Dzl. ; to divide equally; sems mnydm-pa imperturbation, evenness of mind, not to be affected by kindness or the reverse; scms mnydm-par ^joy-pa to compose the 195 mnyed-pa mind to perfect rest, for meditation, frq. ; mnydm-pa sbyor-ba id. (?) mnydm-du adv. (col. *nydm-po*} c. dan: together with, in company of, bld-ma dan nydm-du O grogs dus-su Mil. ; ma dan mnydm-du O ci-ba Thgy.\ col. *na dan nydm-po sog* or merely *nydm- po sog* come along with me! *nyam son- te* going along with; nyi-ma sdr-ba dan mnydm-du with the rising sun Mil.; col. *dul daii nydm-po* in walking, ambulando ; *fen dan nydm-po* in taking it away (it was broken) ; *fcur-pa nydm* (to send some- thing) by (with) a cooly. mnyam-med, mnyam - brdl unequalled , matchless ; mi mnydm-pa 1. unequal, 2. uneven. pyag (or lag) ynyis mnydm-bzag-tu yod-pa both hands laid together on the stomach, mnydm- bzag pydg-rgya-can id. mnyam-pa-nyid, ^*TrTT- equality, parity, impartiality, justice. ^TflLr-rr mnyed-pa, pf. and imp. mnyes, fut. mnye, W. col. *mnyo-ce*, 1. to rub, between the hands or feet, e.g. ears of corn ; one's body Tar.; esp. hides, hence to tan, curry, dress; ko-ba mnyes-pa a tanned hide, dressed leather; *sed dati nye-ce* W. to rub in or into with force. 2. Cs. also: to coax. mnyen-pa, W. *nyen-mo*, flexible, pliable, supple ; soft, smooth, of the voice frq.; of the mind Dzl. ; mnyen-par byed-pa to make soft, smooth, flexible, (/t/tir-ba to become soft, of the skin etc. Med. ; mnyen - mnyel - ba to make soft by tanning Sch. mnyen -mnyes y sin -pa to caress, to fondle Sch. mnyel-ba 1. also ynyel-ba, to tan, to dress (hides) Sch. 2. resp. for ndl-ba to get tired Pth. mnyfa-pa, resp. for dgd-ba, in more recent writings and col. for the <l</i/<>s-pa of ancient literature, to be glad, to take delight in, ccd.; to be willing, to wish, often with fugs ; mnyes-par byed-pa to make glad, to give pleasure; e.g. to the king by presents Glr., to Buddha by worshipping him Glr. mnyes-bsin-pa Lew., Sch. : to love much; to be rejoiced at. rnyed-pa Med. nyo-mnyo-can W. fondling, petting, pn'(-yu-la a child. rn y a ~^'> sn y c i-li several wild- growing species of Polygonum rnydn-ba Cs. = bsdl-ba, to rinse; W. to suffer diarrhoea, r rnyan-ndd diar- rhoea; myan-pa diarrhetic stool; rnydn- ma, ynydn-ma id., ni f. - myan-rnyin, worn-out clothes, rags Cs. myan = ynyan wild sheep, argali. >'nyab-mydb-pa to seize orsnatch together Sch. ?/as, sometimes used for brnyas. 'wyi, snyi, W. *nyiu, nyin-nu* (cf. rnyon) \ . snare, for catching wild animals, myi O dzug-pa to lay snares, also fig. 2. trap, pur-myi mouse-trap (con- sisting of a flat stone supported by a little stick (pur-pa). 3. net Sch. (?). ^rj- rnyin-pa old, ancient, of things, e.g. clothes, ysar-myin new and old; sndr-gyi yi-ge rnyin-pa-rnams ancient re- cords Glr.; brda-rnyin the ancient ortho- graphy Zam.; lo-rnyin = na-nin last year Wts. ; dran-srdn rnyin-pa the old rishi, i.e. the well-known, of long standing, opp. to a new - comer Dzl. rnyin - ba vb., pf. brnyins, to grow old, gos bmyins old clothes, lham brnyins old shoes Lex. ; rnyiri - bar ^gyur-ba id.; myin-bar byed-pa to wear out or away in a short time Dzl. j^_... myin-ma, n. of the most ancient sect of Lamas, clothed in red, v. Kopp. ; Schl. 72 ; myin-ma-pa one belong- ing to this sect. S^-.^.. myid-pa, pf. bmyid, (b)myis, fut. r ' gnyul, 1. to wither, to fade, also fig. 2. to grieve, (vb. n.) /SV7/. rnyil, snyil, so-rnyil, the gums. flT SAJ'^' myil-ba v. snyil-lnt. "xf'rr rnyed-pa I. vb., pf. l>r>iyetl, T-i fut. brnynl, favi) to get. obtain, ac- quire; to meet with, find. />'., C., t'nj.; //"/>- 196 rnyog-pa nas rnyed where did you get that? Dzl., also: whence shall I get it? Dzl.; mi rnyed-du mi run-no it must be got or pro- cured by all means Dzl. ; nas myed I ob- tain; rnyed- par dkd-ba ^W difficult to be obtained, found, or met with, frq.; sduy- bsndl dan bsdos-te cos myed-pa to purchase the acquisition of religion by suffering tor- tures Dzl. ; zas dan skom ma myed-de hav - ing nothing to eat or to drink, frq.; don myed-pa v. don; da ni re-ba myed-do now my hopes are realized DzL; yri myed-pas as he found a knife DzL; skabs rnyed-pa to find an opportunity DzL; btsdl-na yan ma rnyed-de not finding it in spite of every search Dzl, (W. *fob-ce*). II. sbst. ^rR profit, gain, acquisition, property, goods, rnyed-pa mdn-po 'myed-pa (or *fob - ce*) to gain much profit; bday rnyed -pa dan Mdn-na mi dya if 1 have got some earnings, he envies me for them; often in conjunction with grdgs-pa and similar expressions : riches and honour. - rnyed sdu-ba, rnyed -pa prog -pa Sch.: to make booty, to plunder. rnyed-bkurLex., prob. riches and honour. myed-nor v. fob-nor. rnyog-pa (cf. nyoa-pa) vb., pf. bmyoys, fut. brnyog, 1. to trouble, to stir up Cs. ; also adj.: thick, turbid. *cu nyog-pa* W. 2. to rub one's self, kd- ba-la against a pillar Dzl. (snyog-pa). *nyoy(j-pa)-can, nyog-po* C., troubled, tur- bid, dirty ; rnyog-pa med-pa clear, limpid, mfsoWdn. myoy-ma dirty, muddy water; mud, mire, rnyoy-ma-can muddy, miry. ^cn^r rnyogs Lt. ? rnyogs - fsdd a disease Med. 3(r' rnyon seems to be the same as rnyi Lexx.',rnyon-ba, pf.brnyons, fut. brnyon 1. Cs. : 'to ensnare, entrap'. 2. Sch. : 'to stretch out'. I met with rnyon in the fol- lowing expressions, not satisfactorily to be explained either by Cs. or by Sch. : rkdn- pa rnyon Lea:.; dku ma rnyons Lex.', lus myon-ba S.g.; frq.; yyal-rnyons S.g.; myul- rgydb zuy dan rnyon &.y.\ rnym'ts-fsdd snydn-pa " snya-nn v. ynya-ndn. snyd-lo v. myd-lo. sni J a g-pa, col. for snyeg-pa; also in Mil. asjmsj* snyags Lex. w.e. ; C. dbyans music, harmony. 5JJT- snyad malicious or false accusation or v> imputation, snyad c dzug-pa (W.*tsug- ce*} to bring in an action against, to pro- secute; *nyad du-ce* W., *nye' ko-wa* C. id., esp. to irritate, to provoke another, by accusations; snyad O ddgs-pa id. Gb\; snyad O ddy-pa, W. *ddy-ce* to clear one's self of an accusation, to refute it; snyad byed-pa c.dat. to use as a pretence or pretext Glr.; *nye' &>' (or ce) tdn-wa* C., *nyad-se tdg- ce* Ld. to weary another by too great punctiliousness, ni f.; *nor-nydd co-ce* W. to extort money by false accusations, la from; snyad med-par without cause, pre- tence, or provocation Thgy. ; *nydd-zer-can* W. one that makes false accusations. snydd-pa, pf. and fut. bsnyad, imp. snyod, to relate, to report, e.g. lo- ryyiis a story Pth., rmi-lam a dream DzL; ytam snydd-pa 1. to speak, state, inform, give notice (W. *hun tdn-ce*'). 2. C's.: 'to rehearse' (?). yy- snyan 1. resp. the ear, ryydl-poi snydn- ? ' du fos it came to the king's hearing Glr. ; snydn - du zus or brjod they told or informed him Pth.; snydn -du zun listen, pay attention, give ear to! Pth.; snydn- du pul they sang to him or before him (lit. they made him hear) Mil. (cf. sub snydn-pa); snydn-(gyis*) ysdn-pa to hear Mil.; snyan -ysdn bebs-pa to give ear to one, to hear one Cs. ; *nyen-zu Jbul-wa* C. to address a superior, to apply to him; snyan -kun the ear-hole; snyan- dbdn the organ of hearing Cs. ; snyan-sdl the lap or tip of the ear Cs. ; snyan -pro, zu-ba to slander, mi mi-la to calumniate one per- son to another. 2. = ynyan argali. snydn-pa (zn^) 1. sbst. renown, glory, fame, praise, rumour, snydb-pa snydn-pa pyogs bcur grays every part of the world rings with thy praise ; del snydn- pa rgydh-nas fos Mil. his praises are heard far and wide; ces dei snydn-pa br)6d-<-iii thus speaking praisingly of him Mil.; ces- pai snydn-pa-la rten-nas owing to a ru- mour of this purport Mil. ; ces snydn-pa dan grdgs-pa cen-po byun so was said far and near Mil.; dei snydn-du to his praise Mil. (cf. snyan). 2. adj., W. *nydn-po*, well-sounding, sweet to hear, of voice, words etc.; *fsor-ndh-la nydn-po* W. pleasant to the ear; also: dge-sloii dbyans rdb-tu snydn- pa a monk having a well-sounding voice Dzl.; fsig snydn-par with pleasant words Dzl.; snydn-pai fsig-gis id.; low, not loud; snyan-skdd also 6'.: elegant, well-sounding, poetical language; mi snydn-pa 1. unhar- monious; 2. offensive, insulting, ganzigbddg- la rtsod-cin mi-snydn-brjod he who in a dis- pute says to me insulting words; mi-snydn- par zer-ba ddn-du len-pa to put up with, to pocket offensive remarks. 3. lamentable, skad mi snydn-pa zer-ba to utter lament- able cries, plaintive tones, also of animals, Dzl. ; ytam-snydn(-pa) 1 . good, joyful news, glad tidings, byed-pa to bring them. Dzl., Mil. 'l. a pleasing talk, conversation 6s. (?) snyan-grdgs v. grdgs-pa. snyan-rgyud oral instruction of the Lamas, = bka-rgyud. snyan -(d) nag (s) v. nag. 3. vb. to praise, extol, glorify, stod-cin snydn-par grdgs-te he extolled him in songs of praise Dzl. (?) ,._.-.. snydb-pa to smack with the lips ? Sch. 5WT sn y am ~P a ! v ^- t th m ^ suppose, fancy, imagine, bddg-cag rih-po-ce btan (better: ytari) snydm-mo we think we shall give jewels Dzl. #A", 16.; na Iceb dgos snydm-nas thinking, I must seek death (v. Iceb -pa} Ptli.', ydn-tan dan Iddn-par snydm-ste fancying to be possessed ot ex- cellent qualities Dzl. 2. sbst. thought, sense, mind, feeling, cos byds-na snydm-pa yon -gin yda (cf. na III., 2) we have a mind to renounce the world Mil.; simi- larly: <jigs-so snydm-pa yod re-skdn I am. 197 far from any thought of fear Mil.; most frq. nis he thought in his mind; ed : pan xnyam-bynl kt/<iii though one may imagine that it will help Med.; skyug-pa, brduiix, dkri* myam-bytd there arises a feeling like that of nausea, like that of being beaten, of being (tightly) wrapt up, Med. T snyi v. myi. snyi-ba 1. adj., also snyt-bo, snyi-mo, snyin-po Cs., *nyin-te* W., soft, smooth, to the touch; tender, delicate, of the skin; easily broken or injured; loose, crazy, not durable, not strong or stout, of cloth, ropes etc.; not hard or tough, tender, of meat, rendered so by beating or boiling. - 2. sbst. softness. 3. n. of a plant. sn yi-pul c i' n of luxuriant growth <g. .. ' snyl-ma prov. for snye-ma; also Glr. ..-. snyi-$an-ka-tya , and myi-san- '\^ gur-rta, names of mountains in Nepal. snyigs-pa degenerated, grown worse Cs. snyias-ma (^m^) 1. impure sediment, mdr-gyi in butter; dans snyigs Q byed-pa to separate the clear (fluid) from the sediment Med. 2. the degenerated age (iron age), prop. snyias-(mai) dus. snyiii (^gj) the heart 1. physically, also snyin - ka, snyi it - ga, resp. tugs (-^a); also the breast; *nyin-ka pdr-ra rag* W. I feel my heart palpitate; snyin O ddr-zin ^ul the heart trembles (with fear) Doman; bddg-gi lus-kyi snyin liar yces as dear to me as iny own heart Glr. - 2. intellectually: the mind, snyiit dgd-ba, snyin bde-ba gladness, cheerfuhiess ; snyin dan mig ^rog-pa to transport, to ravish &C-/4.; courage, snyin ma cufi cig be not afraid ! sentiment, feeling, will, *nyin sog- po cd-te ma cog* W. I have not broken it wilfully; *Ka </</// /////// > <f>'-te* W. hypocritical; *nt/lii-^'in ddit-po* W. sincere, candid; in a more general sense: sni/iii ydon-gyis bslus the heart is infatuated by 198 snyin a demon Glr.; even madness may be at- tributed to the heart Do. snyin - nas \ . heartily, zealously, earnestly, e.g. looking for or to a thing Dzl. ; snyin fdy-pa-nas with all one's heart, most earnestly, devoutly, e.g. to say one's prayers Thgy. 2. actually, really, Kon snyin-nas mi O byin-ba yin really he does not sink! (the water actually bears him) Mil. 3. v. snyin-jjo. Comp. and deriv. snyin-ku \. nyiit-Ku. snyin-Kdms courage Sch. - *nyin-tdy Kol* W. my heart's blood is boiling (with anger etc. ) snyin - dgd v. above. snyin-can courageous, spirited Ld. *nyin- cu zuy* W. afflicted with dropsy in the peri- cardium, hydrocardia. snyin-rje, resp. fugs-r)e (w^S) kindness, mercy, compassion, mi -la snyin-rje syom-pa to commiserate, to pity a person Mil.', snyin-rjes kydb-pa id. with respect to a great number of beings, to embrace with affection Dzl.; snyih-rjes non-te overpowered by compassion; *nyin- ze fs&)'-ce* W. to have compassion ; snyin-r)e- can, snyin-rje dan Iddn-pa compassionate, merciful Dzl. : snyiii-rje-skad lamentation, a cry of compassion Dzl. ; snyin-rje -mo: 1 . Kyod snyin-rje-mo ran zig O duy you are much to be pitied Mil. 2. col.: dearest, most beloved, amiable, charming ; also snyin- rje for snyin-rje-mo, snyin-rje mdzd-bo my poor little friend. snyin - nye - ba, col. *nyin nye -mo*, friendly, amicable, loving, affectionate; friend; friendship, snyin-nye bu- mo a woman connected by friendship with, a woman, the friend of (a sick person mentioned) Lt. snyin-ytam a confidential speaking, for exhortation, consolation, or encouragement; totse-bai snyin-ytam affec- tionate exhortation Glr. ; pan - pai snyin- ytam useful admonition etc. Mil. snyiii- stobs courage. snyin- dod-pa to wish, to desire, to long for, za-snyin- dod-pa to wish to eat, to be craving for food Thyy. ; O yro- snyin - O dod - pa to wish to go. snyin- rdun-ba palpitation of heart Sch. *nyin dan (etymol. dubious) co-ce* W. ccd. to interest one's self for, to take an interest in. snyih-sdiiy W. liked, beloved; darling, ^k snyin favourite, e.g. a child; nyin-duy siy dug* W. he is a general favourite; *na di nyin- duy co dug* W. I am very fond of this, it is my favourite (pursuit etc.); but snyin- ma-sduy bad people Mil. snyin nd-ba 1. = snyin-ndd. 2. 'heart-sickness', grief, on account of injury suffered from others, curable only by indemnity paid or revenge taken. snyin - ndd disease of the heart. - snin-po (^rTT, 1*1) * ne chief part, main substance, quintessence, e.g. the cream of the milk Med. ; the soft part of a loaf, the wick of a lamp Dzl.; frq. fig.: the main substance of a doctrine, a book etc., don -snyin O bytn-pa to give a summary, the sum and substance (of a writing); sems-can tams-cdd sans-ryyds-kyi snyin-po- can yin-na if all beings have the pith and essence of the nature of Buddha in them- selves Thgy. 5,8; the Ommanipadmehum is called the snyin -po of religion G-lr.; snyin-po-med-pa worthless, null, void, snyin- pos dbcn-pa id. Tar. 185,2; de-bzin-yseys- pai snyin-po the spirit of Tathagata Was. snyih-po-byan-ciib- (or by an - cub-snyin-po) -la mcis-pa to become Buddha Thyy.', sroy(-yi) snyin(-po) Jbid-ba Mil. frq. to offer one's heart's blood, to pledge one's own life. snyin - rtsa (col.) the great veins connected with the heart, perh. = snyin- luii. snym-rtse the tip or apex of the heart, mentioned by Mil. as a particular dainty (perh. only by way of a jest). - snyiit-brtse-ba, resp. fugs-brtse-ba, vb., also sbst. and adj., not much differing from snyin-rje: love, pity etc. frq.; Dzl. : bu-la snyin-brtse-nas ; fams-cdd-la snyiii-fotse-ba yin-na; de-day-la snyin-brtse-bai pyir^snyin- brtse-bai sems skyes-te etc. snyin - fsim contentment, satisfaction, sometimes also pleasure felt at the misfortune of others I't/i., snyin-fsim O dcbs-pa to manifest such an enjoyment. snyin-fsil the fat about the heart 6s. snyin-zo-sa v. zo-sa. snyin-rtis, resp. fugs-rits (ace. to Mil.: snyiii-yi rus-pa ton-par yyis let energy and diligence arise in you); firmness of mind (heart) i.e. i. diligence, zeal, perseverance JC'T snyin-ba Mil. and C. 2. courage W. snyih-re-rje (snyin-rje, with re placed between, v. ><?) the poor man! the poor people! either standing absolute or as predicate to a preceding noun : O di-rnams snyin-re-tje these (people) are indeed much to be pitied Mil; kyod-ran . . . O dzin-pa snyiti-re-r)eyou (would) comprehend that? poor wretches that you are! Mil; even as an adjective: sems-can snyin- re -rje the poor creatures! frq. ; snyin-re-rje-baisdig-canilae lamentable sinner! snyih-rlun Sch.: 'low spirits, melancholy, mental derangement'; I met with it only in Mil., as signifying heart- grief, deep sorrow, e.g. snyih-rlun drdy-po Idan great affliction is caused. snyin- lam-na Sch.: 'in one's mind'. *snyin- luii* W. the heart, liver, and lights of a slaughtered animal, the pluck. snyih- subs pericardium. snyin - ba W. to swell (in water), *lum nyin son* the soaked barley has swollen. fJ^'^T snyid-pa prob. = rnyid-pa Pth. snyid-mo Lex. the sister of a wo- man's husband. fy-M- snyin - pa, snyin -po, snyin -te, v. snyi-ba. SJ5TJY Z T!C" > ) m yi m -pa(-gan) a measure ' for liquids, as well as for flour, grain and the like, as much as may be taken up by both hands placed together. snyil = rnyil n- snyil-ba, or rnyil -ba, pf. and fut. bsnyil (cf. nyil-ba} 1. to pull or throw down, to break down, to destroy, houses, rocks etc.; pye-mar snyil-ba to reduce to powder Lex., Sch. 2. pyir (bskrad) snyil-ba Lex.-, Sch.: to expel, banish, exile. snyuy-pa, also smy tig-pa, pf. bsnyuy s, fut. bsnyuy, to dip in, to immerge. WTT snyug-ma, more frq. smyuy-ma, reed, rush, bulrush; snyuy-yu reed- pen; snyuy-bzo basket-work of reeds Pth. ; snyuy-sin bamboo. ST^I" snye-ma 199 snyugs C. duration, continuity, time Cs.; *nyiig-cen*C continual; , srins Lex. protracted, lengthened out. myuys-sbrid lizard Sch. esp. for nad, W. *nyun-zug*, '3, disease, illness, sickness, btsun-pai sku- la snyun mi mnd - am is your Majesty well ? Gli'. ; snyun-du mdze byuh Glr. leprosy arose to him as a disease, he was attacked with the disease of leprosy; snyun mdzes btab id. Tar. ; myun-yzi = ndd-yzi. 5jr'n' snyun - ba I. vb. , pf. bsnyu/'is , fut. 3, bsnyu'tt, 1 . to make less , to reduce, to diminish; Sch.: to disparage. 2. resp. to be ill, sick, indisposed; fugs snyun -bai mi people that are disagreeable, annoying to others Mil. II. sbst. 1. the state of being ill, illness, indisposition. 2. W. awl, pricker, punch; also snyuh-bu. y^- snyun - snyuh, sku-la snytin-gyis bzufi ^ ' he was taken ill DzL; snyun Q dri-ba Mil, rme-ba Sch., ysol-ba DzL, snyun -dri zu-ba Mil., to inquire after a person's health; to wait on, to pay one's respects DzL ZL&, 16. _.-. r .. snyun -pa, pf. and fut. bsnyun, to * ' be ill, to labour under a disease. ^qp. snye-fah a village and convent near ^ ^ Lhasa. tq. snye-ba, pf. bsnyes, fut. bsnye, imp. snye to lean against, to rest on, rtsig- pa-la against a wall; to lie down, recline, repose on, mdl-stan-la on a bed, snds-la on a cushion or pillow; *gydb - nye* col. a support or cushion for leaning against with one's back. snye - Kri v. Icri. - snye -stdn, snye-Jbol pillow or cushion to rest on. snye-ma, also Miyi-ind, \. ear of corn. 2. corn forming ears (v. l)dn-}>\ snyt-HHi, inly -can fruitbearing eurs, *nye- loii* W. empty ears; *nye-i)ia (on* W. the corn blows, is in flower; */>//'' ?'<iy-i>a* ('. to thrash, *nyc-criy-yi <///>r'-do* an animal used for treading out the grain. .s ////<'- dkdr diseased ears. mye-wyo^snyi'-ma 1. snyeg(s}-pa 200 8n y e d( s \-P a , P f - bsnyegs, fut, bsnyeg, imy.smjog(s), W. *nydg- ce*, 1. c. accus. to hasten or run after, to pursue, frq.; also with rjes-nas, rjes - su, rjes-bzin-du, pyi-bzin-du; ran- gro-sasnyogs hasten towards your aim! Mil ; snyeg-sar snyogs Lex. id.; bsnyeg -tu, or snyegs -su O don-ba to walk hastily, to make haste or speed Dzl. 2. to overtake, snyegs ma nits-pas not being able to reach Dzl. - 3. c. dat. to hasten to some place, Itdd- mo-la to the play Mil. ; to rise, yndm - la rising up to heaven, as a flame, Glr. , a cedar Wdn., frq.; to strive or struggle for, to aspire to, nor-la riches, sde-cen-la in- crease of territory, ziti-Kams-bzdh-la the region of eternal bliss. snyeg-ma pursuer Dzl snyegs straight, stretched out Sch. sn yen -ba 1 . inst. of rmyen - ba, to stretch Mil. 2. also snyens-pa, resp. for Jigs -pa, vb. (pf. bsnyens, fut. bsnyeii) and sbst., rgydl-pos ma snyens sig do not be afraid of the king! Dzl. |V- snyed I. the crupper attached to a ' saddle Sch. II. = tsam: 1. O di- snyed (-&#), de-snyed(-cig} so much, so many, frq.; also for: how many! e.g. . . . yon-tan O di-snyedmnao how many excellent qualities has . . . ! Dzl. ; ci-snyed,ji-snyed how much? how many? also snyed alone (examples v. sub bye-ma). 2. after round sums: about, near, ston snyed, also ston ji-snyed Mil. about a thousand. snyen-pa Cs.: 1. to come or go near, to approach, gen. bsnyen-pa. 2. to gain, to procure, inst. of rnyed-pa(?). m yem(s}-pa 1. vb., pf. bsnyems, to be proud or arrogant, to boast, na-rgydl snyems-pas to be swollen uith pride Dzl. ; mfu-rtsdl (to be proud) of one's strength Dzl. 2. sbst. pride, haughtiness, snyem-pa-can prideful, proud, snyems-cutl 1. prideless, humble, affable, kind, col. *nyom-cuh*, and *nyam-sun*. 2. poor, indigent C. &^T snyes v. snye-ba. snyo-ba sometimes for smyo-ba. sn y6 ( J-p a i or bsnyog-pa, secondary form of snycg-pa, esp. when sig- nifying to wish earnestly, to crave for or lust after, also tfa-snyog-pa Cs. S^" snyodj = go-snyod, caraway. sn yd-pa I. pf. bsnyad, 1. to draw out and twist, as in spinning Stg., C. 2. 6s. : to tell, to relate, = sn<jfld-pa. II. pf. bsnyod, bsnyos, fut. bsnyod, to feed, to give to eat and to drink, ccapir. snyon -pa I. 1. pf. and fut. bsnyon, to deny, to disavow dishonestly, Dzl. 99Q, 2; ?V, 8 to assert falsely, snyon byi'd- pa Glr. 2. *nyon du-ce* W. is said to signify the same as *nyad du-ce* v. snyad. II. inst. of smyon-pa. snyob-pa, pf. bsnyabs, fut. bsnyab 1. to stretch out, e.g. the hand, Lex. 2. W. to reach, by stretching one's self out, to arrive at, *nyob mi tub*. snyobs = snyoms Lex. |&($jy sn y m (. s )> Lex - = <f% I- 1- weari- J ness, lassitude; laziness, idleness, lus snyoms - lei - ba yin one is exhausted and dull Med. ; snyoms - la nul - ba to be tired and exhausted. snyoms-las 1. in- dolence, unconcern, esp. religious indifference, Glr.', snyoms-las byed-pa, or drdn-pa Glr. to be lazy, indolent, indifferent; snyoms- las-can adj. lazy etc. Glr. 2. Sch. : an idle person (?). II. col., also Mil.j inst. of snyems. fut. bsnyom, to make even 1. to level, ynas a place, Dzl.', sd-la snyoms-pa to level with the ground, to demolish Dzl. 2. pan-fsun to equalize different things, to arrange uniformly, zns one's meals, i.e. not cold and warm promiscuously Thgy.; to level, to reduce to an equality of con- dition, Itogs-pytig rich and poor (according to the principles of the communists) Glr.', similarly bit - Ion Tar. 74; fams - cdd - la snyoms -na bdag kyaii snyoms -par mdzad 201 myol-ba O fsal I wish to be treated fairly like any other people Dzl. ?V; fcd-lo snydms-pa to regulate (a matter), to manage or direct (a business) justly, uniformly Glr. snyom- du med, he has not his likeZte/.; *tag nyom - la* C. always uniformly, without variation. II. sbst., also btan-snyoms, evenness, or calmness of mind, equanimity, snydms- par Ji'tf-pu to assume it, = sems mnydm- par bzdg-pa, v. mnydm-pa. snyoms- jug byi'd-pa 1. id., 2. euphem. for Jcrig- pa spyod-pa. nigo-snyoms impartial Mil. snyoms-po equal, even, uniform, e.g. in every part equally thick. snyol-ba, pf. and fut. bsnyal (cf. nydl-bd) 1. to lay down; to bed a person, to assign him his couch or bed Pth.', *tu-gu mdl-du* C. (to lay) a child on its bed, to put to bed; *nydl-te zdg- pa* 61, bar - ce W. , to lay or put down, opp. to lah-te etc., to set or place upright, to set on end, e.g. a book. 2. fig.: *me nydl-wa* C. to put the fire to bed, i.e. to scrape it together and cover it with ashes; spu snyol-ba to smooth down the bristling hair, i.e, to abate one's anger; caw, zo, snyol - ba to allow the beer to ferment, the milk to curdle, in a state of rest (un- disturbed). ^s^'n m brnyd-ba, pf. brnyas, 1. to borrow ^ Dzl %V, 12. 14; W^ 6. 2. to seize by force, to usurp Sch. ' brnyan Lex. prob. = rnydn-pa. ' ^S^'^J" brnydd-pa for bsnydd-pa. brnydn-pa Cs. to borrow; brnydn- po borrowed; also fig.: borrowed, reflected, yzugs-brnydn (Lex. snan-brnydn) a reflected image nfTrf^T fr q- '> also image, picture in general; even a little statue Pth. ; rmi - lam - gyi yzucis - brnydn vision, visionary image; sgra-brnydn, ufTf^cf re- flected sound, echo; mgo-b)*nydn a mask, a fearful apparition Thgr., myo-bmydn ser-po Sc/tl. 234. pyag -brnydn servant Cs. brnydn -poi gos Cs. : c a garment marked with the figures (sic) of the rain- bow' brnydn -poi bmyas Lex. interest for a loan, rent for things borrowed Sch. ,. bmydbs-pa diligence, painstaking ; to take pains Sch. bmyds-pa I. borrowed, v. brnyd- ba. II. 1. to despise, contemn c. dat., frq.; ma bmyds sig do not despise ! Dzl ; brnyas smdd-pa id. Dzl contempt, brnyds-pa byed-pa, W. *nya-se tdg-ce*, ccd. to despise, to treat contemptuously, frq.; bmyas-bcos (Thgy. brnyas- cos^) contempt, scorn. ^ij&ST brnyo/is convenient, suitable Sch. bsnyigs-pa 1. to return, restore, deliver up Cs. 2. sediment. bsnyug full Sch.; skyu-gaii bsnyug Lex. a full draught (?). bsnyiil-ba to wash Lex. qsforq* b* n ye n -p a 1- to approach, to come near, c. dat., also dn'iit-du, K6-boi drun - du bsnyen cig come to me Dzl. ; gom-pa re-re bor-zi/i Q ci-ba-la bsnyen-pa Itar as with every step we come nearer to our death Thgy.; to join, to stick to a person Dzl. -- 2. to propitiate, soothe, satisfy, a deity Cs. 3. to accept, receive, admit W.; bsnyen-par rdzogs-pa to be or- dained, consecrated, frq.; c. las by Tar. dge- bsnyen v. dge-ba. bsnyen- bkiir reverence, veneration, respect, byed-pa to pay one's duty or respect, esp. to the priesthood by various services, nd-la bsnyen- pa byds-te Dzl. and elsewh., frq., also bsnyen-zin bkur-ba Glr., and *nyen kur-ce* W.; bsnyen-bkur zu-ba to ask permission for performing such services Mil. bsnyen- bsgrub priestly function, religious office, esp. snags q. v. bsnyen - ynds fasting, abstinence ; bsnyen-ynds srun-ba, W. *zum- ce*, to abstain from food, to fast. bsnyer-ba to make grimaces or gesticulations Cs. ffi 202 ' bmyel-ba Lexx.: resp, to forget; bsnyel-med not forgetting or for- getful, mindful; bsnyel-yso-ba to remind, to put one in mind of a thing Mil. nt. r& bgnyon v sntjon n%ji'jn' bsnyor-ba, Lex. nas bsnyor-ba, ace. to Sch. : to sift barley. ?" to, the letter , cerebral , $s&. jr. p-rn* td-k&i Hind. gf^TT i n W- imaginary o, coin, money of account, = 2 paisa or Id. Different from it is FT. FT- tan-ka,tan-ka, tan-Ka, tan-ka, Hind. craT 1- in 7 ru P ee = 9d. , v. also i -cod-tan (v. ; -cod-pa com p.). 2. a gold and silver coin Tar. 112, 6. 3. W. money in general. H-ked-, tri-ked card, ticket; postage-stamp. a handle and two balls fastened to it by a strap. -pm- dak, gen. *drag* } Hind. : ^f^i, the post, o, letter-post. '5*, ?*5" f ^ d " ma - t ' u ' W-' ^*ti) a ffP'i p a i r o f scales; a kind of lit small tympan or drum, with do, the letter (/, cerebral d, Ssk. V . ^. (Z^ - ft (^ft Ad : 'husband of a I Dfitoi^ SAafe^.) in Mil. prob. = Da- j- to 7 1. the letter t, tennis, French t. ' 2. num. fig.: 9. 3. inst. of btags, v. ya-btags. td-ka-ri (Hind. scales, U, c-m- -^ W. stick with a hook, hooked ' NS cane , crutch; *ta -ku- n't - ku* Ld. crooked, contracted, crippled. td-gir W. bread, esp. the flat bread- cakes of India, commonly called 'chapdtee' '; *cu-ta-gir* Ld. boiled flour- common dumplings; *ful-ta-gir* pancakes. c-q- <-& (Pers. bLj) gen. *<oo* W. a flat iron pan without a handle. c-qrjr fa -bag W., far - Jbug C.. a plate. ' */x. td-bag dal-ddl* W., *fer-fer* G, a ta-ber 203 flat plate. *kor - kor* a deep plate, soup- plate. _.^^. ta-ber (spelling?) W, fence of boards or laths. C'3OT ta-zig, or ta-zig-yfd, Persia, ta-zig ' (-pa) a Persian. ta-i'u-tise (Pen. \3) W. a small pair of scales, goldweights. ^'^s* fa-re v. re. c'flj- *-/ 1. ciT^r the palmyra tree, />V rassus flabelliformis (not the date- tree (.'.) Z^. 2. In more recent times, and already in Mil., td-la seems to denote the plantain or banana tree, Musa para- disiaca. yq'roj' ta-la-la Lex. lamp, lantern. '(2JQ*q'3\f' ^ a ~ ^ ~ ^ a ~ ma (ta-lai Mong. ocean, sea), the Dalai Lama, v. Hue. II., 155. Kopp. II., 120. ccn'czn* tag-tag W. the imitative sound of ' ' ' knocking, *tag-tdg zer* there is a knock, *tag-tdg co-ce* to knock at the door. ^' tan through, v. ton and Iteh. an - kun n. of a medicinal herb vJ ' Med. tan-ga \. P"^]* tan-ka. ]'^' tatkd-la Ssk. the present moment tow - ^' ^- a sort of hard cake or bread , resembling biscuit or * tab-tab v. tob-tob. M-K- tor - ^ar, *tar - tar - co - ce* Ld. to smooth (wrinkles or folds in cloth, paper etc.) corn* tdl-pa, or tdl-ma, 6s.: 'a moment', Sch.: 'quick, decisive, penetrating'; tdl-par, Cis. also tdl-mar, 1. instantly. immediately, quickly 6'., e.g. son go without delay! Lex. 2. Sch.: completely, quite through, ycod-pa to hew, to cut (quite through), O biffn-pa to bore through, to perforate; also faf b'<J*-]>- rusk. tdl-bn a tool with holes in it, used by nailers Sch. & ti l.num. fig.: 39. 2. Not originally Tibetan, designating 'water 1 ; this word has found its way into Ld., where it how- ever occurs only in *Kd-ti* saliva (water of the mouth), and in "nd-f'i* mucus (run- ning from the nose). 3. v. */>///. ' ti-ka (^fajT explanation, commentary. ti-fwr/, (8c/i. yti-f,wj} bad, mean, silly a. ; obstinate, stubborn ,sv///-. ti-nrig heath-cock Sch. cap, hat (from the Wnd. /St'/i.: //-/'// Hijng-ri-it pheasant. %., fti-few SV//., anvil. C'^J* 1- %-< Zinc ;1//W. ; </-fe .s/r- po cadmia, calamine (?) Afed. 2. a musical instrument, constructed of metal Sch. ti-se, fe'-se, the snow-pea k> around the lake Manasarowar in Miiaris, which are considered to be the highest and holiest of mountains. ^n- tig 1. also tig -tig, Lex. w.e.; <SV//.: ' ' 'certainty, surety; certain'. In col. language *tia, dig, fig, f iy*, is frq. used for: to be sure! well, well! very right! :tls. as an adj.: nor-ilag tig-tig the right, the lawful heir. Cf. * gt"iy, tig ltd-<-<\ tig team*, tig - fsdd v. sub fig. 2. Sik. the great hornet. rare* tig-fa (from fd^cfi the n. of several ' ' bitter herbs, e.g. of Gentiana Chi- rayta) several species of gentian. tig-men Cs., tig-tec Ld., the ribands which are wound round the felt- gaiters that cover the lower part of the legs. 5" fig-tsa = ti-t&a. tig- rig Sj>. in>t. of ta-gir. %)-' tiit 1. a small cup of brass used esp. in saerilicing. 2. the sound of nie- tal, *tiii :<'/-/!/ nig* IT. 1 hear a tinkling. 204 1 to-to-lin-lbi as. also mnqfrl) contem- plation, profound meditation, perfect ab- sorption of mind, cf. bsam-ytdn, and sgom- pa; tin-He- O dzin byed-pa Sch., gen. ttn-ne- O dzin-du ^jug-pa to be absorbed in deep meditation; tin-ne- dzm Jcrun devout me- ditation takes place; also meton.: the fa- culty, the power of meditating e.g. pel Mil. 5C"f-C" tin-rjin Sik. shrew(-mouse). SC'fe' tin-tin clean, well-swept Ld. } Ts. tiit-ti-Wi snipe Ld. cryam&r tin (-tin) -sags little bells moved by the wind Sch. tib-ril, resp. ysol-tib, tea-pot, :/'ts- tib a copper tea-pot, rdza-tib an earthen tea-pot. ^ ? r tim-pi Mil. goat's leather, kid-leather, from India, dyed green or blue. J'" tim-bu Ts. funnel. CfST til (fira) sesame, til-mar sesame-oil, } seed-oil. r tu 1. num. fig.: 69. -- 2. an affix, NS denoting the terminative case, or the direction to a place, joined to the final consonants g and b; cf. du, 111, su. c-qcn- tit-pay (Turk. 5^p') W. gun. mus- >2 ' ket, fire-lock, fowling-piece, *gydb-ce* to discharge, fire off; *tu-pag-man* gun- powder. tu-ru-ka Ma. the Turks, Turkomans. M-m- ' tu-tsa v. ti-tsa. QJ. fcWd (&?&., Iftwd.) a balance, pair of Q, scales, C. *tu-la teg-pa* to weigh. tug-gin O dug 'cannot' Sch. (?) tuy-rin, or tug -cum, prob. also <M^ - cem, Cs. : a wooden rattle's sound or noise; Sch. also: the trotting of horses heard in the distance; tug-riii-can Sty. noisy (?). tt' tub., tub yciy-tu rgyud-do? tub-trig Lex. w.e.; Sch.: 'either N^ ^ ' or, whether I be able (to do it) or not' (?). 5*rq' tur-ba (?) W. to darn (stockings). NO iir-rc clear, distinct, syn. to u-dl-le; id tur-re O dug it is clear to my mind; tur-re bzun Mil. prob. watch it! have a sharp eye upon it! ze-sdd/i la its dogs tur-re gyis Mil. take care lest an emo- tion of anger arise in your mind! tur-gyis sad Mil prob.: he awakes, stirs, is evi- dently roused; tur-re-ba Glr.; adj. (or ab- stract noun), rjed-yeit-tin'd-par tur-re-ba clear, firm with regard to perceptions, opi- nions etc., without omission or digression. P- tc 1. num. fig.: 99. 2. an affix der ' noting the gerund, and used after the final letters n, r, I, s (v. Grammar), to be translated by the participle in ing, or sen- tences beginning with when, after, as etc.; also used as a finite tense (though seldom in B.), and in that case followed by O duy or yod, or also without these words: *ddd- de O dug* I sit W.; ^c/ro-ba yin-te Mil. I go. te-por Le.i-. = legs-par; Sch.: very, really, actually. \* te-bor Sch. constantly, continually. te-se v. ti-se. teg -pa, imp. tog, 6'., W., = O fegs- pa, to pack up, put up; to put in or into, * 'am -bag -la* into one's bosom; if tag-f f ul* or *tua* preparations for a jour- ney, *tan-ce* W. to make. c-q- teu? Ld.-Gir. (Schl. f. 25, b) ; ten ser- ' ^ po; Mil. 59, 4 of my edition; Lc.c. : teu sin-tfr-i, where Sch. translates: a square table. tel-pa Cs. : an instrument for burn- ing Med. ; Icdgs-tel such an instru- ment of iron Cs.; sprd-tel LtJ & to 1. num. for 129 2. affix added to certain verbs, when they terminate a sentence. to-tr>-l til-Hit W., an adv. de- noting a swinging motion; 5 205 hence *to-to-Uii-lin W .s/ : -<V* to play at swinging, to swing. VfcJ" fo'-fo for ft'/-A/ r. >: 'thetopofany thing ? a top ornament'; esp. the button on the cap of Chinese dignitaries, as a mark of distinction; toy-dkdr, %rT%H n. of Bud- dha in paradise (dya-lddn} before his in- carnation Ld.-Glr. 8, a.; mdvn-tog point, thorn, nail. 2. for fog, and thus prob. also used in skabs-toy now, at present Ld. "ecn-jkr toy-sgra, tog-tog-sgra Lex., a rolling ' ' ^ sound /SW< , ace. to Wdn. also a cracking sound. to y - til- a bump . a swelling , by a knock against the head. S-n-J* tog-tse W., toy-rtse LCJC., hoe, mat- tock, pickaxe W. (in C. Jor); toy- led gs the iron of the hoe, tog-yu the handle of it; tog-leb a spade (?) Cs. ion-ton byed-pa Le.i\, Sch.: to perforate; to produce a whirling noise. ~q'3' fo6-& W. button, *fo'6-a brgydb-ce* to button up; cf. fob-cu; (buttons are not in general use in Tibet). ' tob-tob smrd-ba to talk con- fusedly Sch.; W.: * tab -tab*, or *tab-tob ma co* keep your temper! do not talk with such agitation! tou-lo polecat Sch. "g-M- toll Mny. bcm-tol? Sch. tol-y cod-pa tal-ycdd-pa q.v. trdm-pu hard (of rare occurrence); sa-trdm, ivis-tram, rtsa-tram, tram- dkdr, tram -nag, are different species of gout Med. tri-ked v. ti-ked. from Wdk. trident "cc& tre-tre-ho (by the context) a dan- "^ ^ gerous disease of the stomach or a serious symptom of it Pth. tri'-ba-can coloured Sch. c-$r;n- t re-sum a medicine in the shape of a puwdrr Mfd. "cs- fron diligence, industry <*.; iron />>/>'</- ** pa to be diligent, to exert one's self. ytdg-yfo/'t Lt-.c. \v.c.; yluy-yton- ba to disperse S/-//. ytari-rd;/ thanks, thanksgiving, and prob. also thank - offering, esp. rendering thanks to a deity ; y tan- rag byed- pa., O bul-ba Mil., Lt., W. *cd-ce, pul-ce* to render thanks. ytad (v. )'tod-pa), in the direction of, towards, yti<'m-yi-(tl-dn yfad pi/ftt-nas going towards the left end of the row Glr.; "don -tad* W. directly opposite, just over against. ytdd-pa 1. vb , v. )'f(i</-p<i, also brtdd-pa. 2. sbst. hold, steadi- ness, firmness, ytdd-pa-nml it has no hold, no firmness Mil.', ytad-mi'd O cdl-ba 7iam. prob. to vacillate, to waver, to be unsteady. ytdd - so a refuge, resource, esp. store of provisions ; *te-so zdy-pa* C. to procure such a store. ytdn(-pa) Cs.: 'series, order, sys- tern; a bar for a door 1 ; Sch. also 'anvil', and 'to lock up'. People from C. knew only one signification of ytdn-pa, viz mortar, = ytun; bar, door-bar occurs in syo-ytdn C. and W. But a different word seems to be ytan: 1. order, system, in the current phrase ytdn-la Jbebs-pa to put in order, to arrange, to reduce to a system, bre-srdn measure and weight Glr., the Tibetan alphabet Glr., the civil law and the canon law Git:, laws, books, = to compose, draw up, write Glr. ; ran - sems ytdn-pa in a mystic sense: to regulate, compose, and purify the mind Glr. ; also to fashion, to train ('., to set right Mil. (Cf. bmm-ytdn.) 2. duration, perh. also entireness, completeness, hence ytan - </i/i constant, continual, ytan-qrogs consort, part- ner for life Mil.; ytan-mnl Mi.: 'pn-ish- ablc, without duration or continuity : ytnii- dii \. always, continually, for ever, yidn- du bz't'jx-i>(t living there continually Tor. 2. entirely, completely (which is the usual 206 yf-an-fxiffis signification of ytan-(hi) e.g. to cut off, to deliver completely; ytdn-nas id.; ytan- Ifriys agreement, stipulation, convention, ytan-kriys byed-pa Mil. Note. Owing to its second signification ytan is often confounded with brtan(-po\ or even with bstan(-pa). Not only illiter- ate people, but well-educated Lamas from C. were occasionally doubtful as to the correct spelling of this word. TOMprKj- ytan-fsigs (Ssk. ^ Sty., Do, f. m&tan-fsias-ki de-K nyid bstdn-pa = Ko-na- argument, syllogism 6s.; evidence before a court of justice Dzl. ?;AS, 6. 2. Sch.: a standing proposition, indisputable point Thyy. (where in my Ms. brtan-fsiys is erron. written; v. the note to the preceding word). 3. logic, dialectics 6s.; ytan- fsigs- med-par smrd-ba is in Sta. the term applied to a kind of kydl-ka, evidently: illogical, ir- rational talk; ytan-fsfgs-su bzed-nas G/r. 96. wishing to clear up, to render evident (?) ; ytan-fsiys-mliati dialectician, logician. ytwH (3TOT) talk, discourse, speech, 1. in a general sense: *tam ci'g-pa* C., *tam cig-ciy* W., that is one and the same talk, that means the same; ytam bsdur-ba to compare depositions, to exa- mine, to try judicially, *tam-dur~ W. trial, judicial examination. 2. news, tidings. intelligence, ytdm bzdn-po good news; />///* ytam mi O dug after which there are no further accounts Mil. ; *tam sdd-ce* to tell a tale, a story W.; report, rumour, fame, de pul zer-bai ytam rgydl-pos fos-nas when the king heard the report that . . . had been delivered up Pth.; fag-rin-yi ytam fame of remote matters or events; bddy- gis ytdm-du fos-na as I have learned, have been told Dzl. 3. section, chapter Ttn- , frq. Phrases. ytcmgUh-ba S.O., Dzl., ytdm- du ylen-ba Dzl. to speak, to converse, to discourse; ytam byed-pa, smrd-ba, zer-ba id.; ytam byar O groo I shall go and speak to him Dzl. ; the genit. preceding ytam always denotes the person or thing spoken yti-muy of, not the person speaking; ci-ltar gyur- pai ytam bi/as he gave an account of the manner how it had happened Dzl.; mfun- pai ytam byed-pa to negotiate about peace Glr.\ cos(-kyi} ytam byed-pa to begin a religious conversation MIL; na de-ltar byed- pai ytam mi - la ma lab do not tell any body that I am doing this Mil.: in a si- milar manner: mi run-bai ytam bsyi'dy-go he shall declare it to be unbecoming Tli(/r.\ pa - mdi ytam dris he inquired about his parents Dzl. ; bu-moi ytam fos he heard of the girl Dzl. Comp. ytam-r</;/in] tradition, oral account; del ytam-rgyud the legend of him. ytam- itdn ill report, slander. ytam-mydn joyful news, glad tidings, xf/rdy-pa to announce Mil. ytani-osdur v. above. ytdm-dpe a proverb, a saying Cs. ytom-rts&b rough speech, abusive language. Note. In W. *(s)|>e'-m* is more in use than *tam*. y fam & -P a l - ad J fu|l > P*' ( - gi'i ytdm (s) - pa quite full of razors T/K/IJ.; also Lexx.\ more frq. it is spelled (b}ltdm(s)-pa. 2. vb. to appoint, to commission, of rare occurrence. 3. sbst. 6s. : a term for a thousand billion, yet v. the remark to dkngs-pa. ytd(-ma) Lc.r.i: (cf. yte-pa) pawn. pledge, ytd-mar jug-pa to pawn, to give as a pledge, ytd-ma blii-ba to re- deem a pledge 6s ; *nor-ta* W. jewels, precious stones , given as a pledge (6s. : 'pecuniary security, bail'); mi-yta a hos- tage 6s. ytdr - ba, with Icray, to bleed, to let blood Med.; ytdr (-bar) bi/M- pa, rtsd-ba-la from a vein, or also ytdr- ya O debs-pa id. i-tfe a kind of louse Sch. insane, mad Sch., = ti-fug. STK-3OT- yti-inuy (cTO^) gloom, mental 1 darkness, ignorance, stupidity, yUn- pa yti-mug-can infatuated fools Dzl.; mfsdn- mo yti-mtt(/-)'itiji</-(/u son at night I fell into a profound sleep Mil.; in a special 207 sense: the lowest of the three quna or psychological qualities of animated beings, ^Tr^T, T*!> <TO*0 virtue, passion, stupidity, ace. to the Brahminical theory, for which however Buddhism has substituted the three moral categories: O dod-cdgs, ze-sddn, yti-muy, voluptuousness, anger, inconside- rateness (Kopp. I, 33); yti-mug, as for example , is the source of falsehoods told with a pretended good intention, Stg.; the symbol for it is the pig Wdn. Note. The philosophical term ma-rig-pa is altogether different from yti-muy. ytfyfy-pa Lc\>: to fall in drops, to drop, to drip. rnc- ytin, Ld. *ltin*, bottom, rgyd-mtooi ytin-dkruys he turned up the bottom of the sea; ytin-du nub-pa to sink to the bottom 6s. ; depth, hence ytin zdb-po DzL, ytin nil - ba deep, ytin nye - ba not deep, shallow; ryyd-mfso-bas ytin-zdb-bo it is deeper than the sea Dzl. yydn - sa ytin- riit - ba a deep abyss Thar.; cu-bo ytih- zdb-po ziy a deep river Dzl. W%, 1. (in the third line however zdb-bo would be the correct reading for zab-po}; ytin-zab- fhjdd Km-bryydd-pa eight cubits deep (lit. with regard to depth holding eight cubits) Dzl. ?^xS, 5 ; fig. ytin-nas from the bottom of the heart, nd-la dad -pa ytiii-nas yyis believe in me with all your heart Mil.', Ka-yroys and ytin-yroys v. grogs ; Ka-dkar- ytin-ndy white without, and black within (fig.) Mil.; the following passage of Mil. : rgyd-mfso ce-la dpe Ion-la Ka-ytin-med-pai syom cig yyis, is not perfectly clear, yet the real sense seems to be: resembling the ocean, be so lost in contemplation, that you do not know any longer a diffe- rence between surface and bottom; ytin- rdo a stone or piece of lead (zd-nyci ytin- rdo AYA.) fastened to a rope, and used as plummet, as anchor, as a clock- weight, as a means for drowning delinquents etc.; *cu nyoy - po - ce - la tin med* W. a very muddy water has no depth; ytin-can deep, ytin -med shallow Ms.; also fig. deep, re- served,, covert, difficult to fathom, to form an opinion of, and the contrary: shallow, superficial; ytin -mi -Ion ('. of unknown depth ; ytin-dro its-pa fathomed, penetrated, ascertained C. ytil>(s)-pa 1. to be gathering, of clouds, sprin-pufi ytib-pa thick clouds gathering Wdn.; bdiiy - spos sprin - bzin ytib incense wafts along like clouds Glr.\ mun-pa ytib Lex. y col. also *nam-Ka tib-tib yod* cf. Jib -pa. 2. sometimes for rdib-pa. '^}' ytim-pa v. fim-j>a. a* p f - cognate to fug-pa, 1. to reach, to touch, yi-dam-gyi f&g*Jiar yt6ga-ntu putting or pressing (his forehead) against the breast of the image Glr.\ mi ziy-yi zdbs-la ///</< '>- bos ytuy-pa, or only zdbs-ytuy-pa to touch as a supplicant a person's feet (or skirt) with the brow, to cast one's self at another's feet, frq. ; btug fay-pa dan was explained : when it (the danger) draws quite near Ma.; to overtake, to reach, ni f., e.g. mfa the end Lar.; to meet with, to join Tar. 172, 14. -- 2. to bring an action against a person, to sue &7t., thus prob. Dzl. ??C, 3, and Pth. 3. = zad-pa to be exhausted, to be consumed(P) Zam. zdd-pai ytuys-pa. Note. Not only ytuy-pa, but also many of the following words have b as well as g for their initial letter, and moreover a corresponding form beginning with f, of the same or nearly the same signification. ytun, Sch. also rtun, col. * yog -tun* (spelling dubious) 1. pestle; there are small ones, like ours and large ones, in shape of poles, as thick as a man's arm, and about 6 feet long, by means of which the pounding is effected in an excavation made in a rock, called ytun- l,-/ii/\ ytttw(-gyi9) rdit/l-ba to pound \\itli a pestle Dzl.; ytun-po mortar Ms.; ytim- bu, ytun-sii't jx-stlc Ms. 2. mallet, knocker , = tub- t .<i. to be able, ////// ,"/;-,/// bt,;b- l>-<iin sluill you really be aide to rome 208 5 yton-ba back? Dzl.; mi btub-pa very frq. not to be able to prevail upon one's self, to be unable, also: to be unwilling, to have no mind (to do a thing). CTlC^yq- ytub(s)-pa, btub(s)-pa, Lfl '<= *stub-ce*, = O fub-pa, to cut to pieces, to cut up, meat, wood etc. ; in W. also to mince; (in C. btsdb-pa); ytubs- spydd chopper Sch. zmm'zf ytum - pa 1. ferocity, rage; also '-<T adj. furious; Uro-zin ytum-la snyin- rje-med in furious wrath, merciless Dzl. ; yduy-cin ytun-pai klu a Lu in a deadly rage Sambh.', ytum-pai syra syrog-pa to roar furiously Pth.\ Kro-ytum-pa furious with rage Glr. ; ytum-zin rgod-pa obstinate and unmanageable , of a boy ; ytum - po Mil., ytum - can, ytum - Iddn cruel, fierce, furious Cs. ; bld-ma fuys-ytum-po ^oh the Lama grows angry Mil. nt. ; ytum-mo fern. a fury of a woman Dzl. 3, 10; Sch. also: hangman (?); rluh ytum-mo Cs. a furious wind, a hurricane 2. = btum-pa, O fum- pa, to veil, to cover; to wrap up, e.g. the head; with the instr. to wrap up or cover with a thing. cntyW*^ ytum-po 1. v. ytum -pa 1. 2. <3 tjiijj (hot) in the more developed mysticism the power which meditating saints by dint of long continued practice may acquire of holding back their breath for a great length of time, by which means the air is supposed to be drawn from the ro-ma and rkydn-ma (two veins, v. rtsd- ba) into the dbu-ma (sroy-rtsa, dhu-ti, aorta?) thus causing a feeling of uncom- mon warmth, comfort, and lightness inside, and finally even emancipating the body from the laws of gravity, so as to lift it up and hold it freely suspended in the air, Mil. frq.; v. also Tar. 186, 20; ytum- poi bde-drod the feeling of warmth just mentioned Mil.:, ytum-po Jbar the warmth of meditation commences Mil The three above-named veins are symbolically re- presented by a-shdd, i. e. the second half of an ^, viz. ^1, hence a -sad- ytum-po the three veins' -meditation -warmth, Mil. - 3. n. of the goddess Durga or Uma. ytur-bu Lex. w.e.; Cs. bag, sack, wallet. ytul-ba to grind, to pulverize, co- lours, medicinal substances etc.; cf. O fdy-pa. HTC'q* yte-pa W. (Ld. *ste-pa*) yti-ba, yte- ma C., yten-pa Lexx., pawn, pledge, bail (Sch. also: a present); cf. ytd-ma\ yteu id.? hostage? Tar. yter (f'Tfv, ^t^T) 1. treasure, frq. - 2. symb. num. for 9. yter-mdzod a treasury. yter-Ka a mineral vein, mine, nor-yyi yter-Ka rnyed-pa to find a mine of precious metals. Lt., Thyy. a magic ceremony for the purpose of averting misfortune; yto-bcos id. ytfff-p* 1-also btoy-pa, O fda-pa, to pluck off, gather, crop, tear out (one's hair) Lex. 2. v. se-gol. ytdgs-paio belong, appertain to; belonging, ryydl-po'i yduii-la ytoys-pa yin you belong to the royal blood or family Dzl.', del ndn-du mi ytoys-sam am I not included in them? Dzl. ; O dzam- bui-ylin-la ytoys-pa belonging to Dzarn- buling Glr. ; *di le-ka dan ma toy* W. do not meddle with that! ma-ytoys-pa, gen. adv. ma ytogs-par except, besides. ytogs- O dod Sch.: 'to love, to like, to wish; a good-for-nothing fellow' (?). yton-ba, pf. btan, fut. ytah, imp. ton (W. *tan-ce*, imp. *fo/i*) && 1. to let a. to let go, to permit to go, to dismiss, Hi pyir bddy-cay-rnams-kijis ytoii why should we let you go, suffer you (our teacher) to go? to let escape (a prisoner) Dzl. ; to let loose (a dog against a person) Mil. ; to let go, to quit one's hold ma ytoii, col. *ma tail* don't let him go, stop him! to leave, abandon, renounce, cos one's re- ligion ; more definitely : bios yton - ba } v. bio; yoiis-su ytoh-ba to abandon altogether Dzl. ; to leave off, to abstain from, ysod- par byd - ba yton - ba to leave off killing Dzl. b. to let in, to admit, sgo-nas through ytod the door Dzl., ndii-du yton-ba to permit to enter. 2. to let go, i.e. to make go, to send, mi a man, a messenger, very frq.; O dzam-bui-gliii kun-tu btdn-nas lie made him go all over the country of Dzambuling Dzl. ; skyel-du yton-ba to dispatch for con- veying (a message); len-du yton-ba to send (a person) for (a thing); O fs6l-ba btdit-ba-las he sent out searchers (people in search) Dzl. 3, 18., unless this passage should be read O fsol-bar. 3. to let have, to give, so in W. almost exclusively; sman ytoii - ba to give medicine, yton - fsul the way of giving medicine, for 'a dose' Med. ; yton-pod-can liberal, bounteous Mil. ; yton- sems - Idan id. S.g. ; yton-sems liberality, bounty; * ton zer* he says, give me! he wants to have, he tries to get W. ; cos-la yton-ba to give a person up to religion, i.e. to destine him for the priesthood, to make him take orders. 4. to make, to cause, e.g. a smoke by lighting a fire Glr.; with the termin. to turn into, bye-fan neu- fan - du sandy plains into meadows Glr. ; rims(-nad) yton-ba to cause, to send down, epidemics, plagues (of gods) ; to construct, fix, place, chains before a building Cr^ 1 .; in W. *(s)kad tdn-ce* to utter sounds, *ku- co, bo-ra tdn-ce* to raise, to set up a cry; *kug* or *kum tdn-ce* to make crooked, to bend; in forming intensive verbs: *go cad tdn-ce* to decapitate; *tdn ton, pins toit" take out! throw out! *fsa ton* put salt into it! *cu tdn-ce* to water (the garden); *lud tdn-ce* to manure (the fields). The participle * tana-pa* is used adverbially in Ld. ; *l'-ne tdns-pa a tsug-pa* from here to there, from this place to that place ( bzuns-te). ytod? ytod-la mndn-pa, of the sun Pth., of the galaxy Mil, evidently denotes the disappearing of these celestial bodies by enchantment or only as a poetical figure; perh. = ydos, or to be explained by ytod-pa II. cnfrr-n- ytod-pa I. also ytdd-pa, pf. btad, '' ' ytad, fut. ytad, imp. btod (Mil] Cs. fodT) 1. to deliver up, Idg-tu 'into the 209 hand, to hand over Glr. , to hand to a person the subject for a theme or problem Glr., to commit the management of the household to another Dzl., to commit a child to a teacher Dzl., dge- Q dun-la dbaii to confer important offices on the priest- hood Glr., riff-pa to teach ; ycig snyin ycig- la ytdd-pa to communicate one's feelings to one another Glr. 2. to lean against or upon c. dat., e.g. to rest one's head on one's arm; to lay or put against, to, or on, one's mouth to a person's ear T//</r., the tip of the tongue against the palate Gram. 3. to direct, to turn, mi-la mgo- bo, one's face towards a person Lt., mi-la mdzub - mo, or sdig - mdzub to point at a person (with the finger)' 6rr.; sgo nub- pyogs bdl-poi yul-du ytod Glr., the door points south, towards Nepal ; Jbem - la to take aim, to aim at Lejc.', rnd-bai dbdit- po ytod-pa to listen to, to give a person a hearing Mil. ; sems, resp. fugs, ytod-pa Mil. id.; ^od-zer-la ytdd-nas yzigs-pas turning after a ray of light, following it with the eye (= brten-nas) Glr.; also used absolutely: dkar-Jcun ytod-pa the projecting windows S.g. (?) Ka ytod-pa Glr. ? II. inst. of rtod-pa, to fasten (cows etc.) to a stake (driven into the ground), to tedder. ni?xrrr ytom-pa to talk, to speak Sch., cf. ytam(?). -q- ytdms-pa filled up, full, for bltdma- pa, ytdms-pa, Sch. ytor-ba (Lew. ^rer) cf. O f6r-ba, 1. to strew, to scatter ccirdp. r me"- tog-gis ytdr-ro Dzl. they strewed flowers, also ytor-to Dzl.; nd-la sas ytdr-ba they that threw earth upon me Dzl.; sd-la ytor- ba to scatter over the ground Glr. 2. to cast, to throw, ccar., books into the water Glr., a ring into the air Glr.; to throw out, e.g. spittle into a person's ear, for healing purposes (= O dor-ba~) ; to cause to circulate the chyle through every part of the body Med.; to waste, to dissipate Dzl., occasionally with the accus. of the vessel containing the substance thrown out: n fi- ll 210 ytor-ma ma ytor-ba Glr. (a cow) emptying its udder by discharging the milk. - 3. Sch. : 'srub ytor-ba to rend, to tear to pieces'. cnc^ -&|- y tor-ma strewing-oblation, an offering brought to malignant demons, either as a kind of exorcism or as an appeasing gift, in order to prevent their evil in- fluences upon man; mcod-pa daft ytor-ma sbyin-pa to offer such an oblation, ytw- mar sno-ba to devote something for it. The ceremonies are similar to those used in sbyin-sreg Schl. Buddh. 249; the offerings consisting of things eatable and not eatable, of blood, and even of animal and vege- table feces, scattered into the air (the benefit being shared by the dri-za q.v). There are various sorts of Torma-offerings, according to the nature of the substances offered (cu- or cab-ytw; pye-ytor', lhag-ytor, an oblation of the fragments of a meal Mil.\ or according to the time at which (dgu-ytor \. dgu\ and the purpose for which they are offered (mfsun - ytor v. mfsuri). Other names of Torma-offerings are: blud- rgyd, mar - me - rgyd, tin - lo(^)-rgyd } ca- ysum etc. Tormas in general belong to the ceremonies most frequently performed; yto-r- cd are the vessels and other imple- ments used for that purpose; ytor-sde'b Sch.: 'a bowl for these offerings' (?). - ytot'-zdn Lex. ^f% oblation of the remnants of the daily meal to creatures of every description. cncor ytl-> on ly i Q ytol-nwd, = ca-med, not known, dubious, po-^am mo-^am ytol- med-do one does not know yet, whether it will be a boy or a girl DzL; ci byd-bai ytol med not knowing what to do Dzl. ; gar fdl-bai ytol med not knowing where she had gone to; bddg-la ytol med I do not know any thing about it DzL (Sch. has a verb ytol-ba to perforate, pierce; to discover, disclose; v. rtol-ba). ytos size, width, quantity, ri-boi ytos tsam as high as a mountain Lex.] rim-gro ytos-ce-ba, like ryya-ce-ba, great marks of honour, extraordinary homage. '^I" btod-pa btdg-pa v. O fdg-pa. T" btdys-pa v. Q dogs-pa, and Ka- btdys. btdfi-ba v. yton-ba. btdd-pa v. ytod-pa. " btdb-pa v. O debs-pa. complete indifference, perfect apathy (ace. to Sch)'. prop, 'a liberality per- fectly impartial'?). - btan-bzun Lex. ^f^f^^- n. of a hill where Buddha was teaching. .. btig-pa, pf. btigs, Cs. to drop, to let fall in drops, rnd-bar sman, medicine into the ear, v. O fig-pa. '^" btin-ba v. Q din-ba. * btu-ba v. fu-ba. "^" btuh-ba v. O fun-ba. ^J* btiig-pa v. ytiig-pa. '^l* btud-pa v. O dud-pa. bfud-mar Glr. in rapid or close succession, *tw-tu -pa-la* C. id. ___. btub, Lex. = run, fit, convenient, prac- <, ticable, becoming, btub-bo it is con- venient etc.; btub-pa v. ytub-pa. btum-pa, ytum-pa, 1. to wrap round, to envelop; hence 2. in W. to shut, a book, valuable books being wrapped up in a cloth before being laid by; btum-pog bunch or knot, produced by money and the like being tied up in the girdle. w btul-ba v. O dul-ba, ytul-ba. btod-pa \. = rtod-pa, to fasten (grazing horses or cattle) by a rope to a stake, to tedder; Mil. declares relations to be the btod-fttg (the tedder) in the hands of the devil. 2. to erect, raise up, produce, cause, occasion ; xrol-btf><l- bton-pa 211 j3 (Z/&. w.e.) may accordingly imply: to introduce a custom. bton-pa v. O don-pa. Sch. = ytol-ba. rta (rtd-po 6'., 3/X), resp. c$s ? 1 . horse, ' po-rta a gelding, mo-rta, or rta-rgod- ma, n mare; rto O dul-ba to break in, train, a horse; rta rgyiig-pa to gallop; to run horses for a wager, to race Glr.', *sta sncl- ce* Ld. id.? 2. the lower front part of a pair of breeches, dw-rta, an-rta. Com p. rta-rkyd(-pa\ or -sky a (-pa) one skilled in horsemanship. rta - bskrdgs (* stab -rags* Ld.) a clattering train of horsemen. rta-gdl Ts. pouch or bag of a horseman, saddle-bag. rta-grds = rta-rd. rta-bgdd a horse-laugh, rta- bgdd-kyis O debs-pa to set up a horse-laugh Sch. rta-mgo a horse's head; rta-mgo- ma v. go-faem. rta-mgrin (^qifVcf) n. of a demon (Schl. 110), a terrifying deity. rtd-sga, W. *te-ga*, saddle. rta-sgdm a large box or chest. rtd - sgo v. sgo. i-ta-sgyel, gen. connected with mi-bsdd, the slaughtering of men and killing of horses. rta-ndn Tibetan horses, small, strong, unshod, v. Hook. II, 131, and so al- ready in Marco Polo's travels. rta-rna horse-tail, *te nd-m-a yod* W. it is (made) of horse - hair. rta - Icdg horse - whip ; whip in general rta - cdg dry fodder or provender given to horses, corn, oats. rta-mcog the best horse, a splendid horse, state-horse; gen. a fabulous horse, a sort of Pegasus, thus e.g. Glr. chp. 6, where it partakes of divine properties (rtai t'gyol-po can-ses bd-la-ha; ace. to Schl. p. 253 rluti-rta is the same). rta-mcog- fca-Jbab = yyas-ru-ytsdn-po = mhd-ris-cu n. of the principal river of Tibet. rta- Ijdn he with the green horses, the sun, po. Glr. rta-rnd horse-ear, n. of one of the seven gold-mountains, surrounding the Rirab. rtd-pa horseman, rider, *td- pa ta-zon* Ld. a balancing-board, see-saw; lid-pai dpuii horse, cavalry Cs. rta-lpdgs a horse's skin; n. of a medicinal herb Ml. rta-bdbs 1 . a large stone or raised place for alighting from a horse (?) 6s. '2. the superstructure of a large door or gate, the arch of a gate- way, Lex. twa-ra-na, ^T^T? rta-dbydiis -mavflu n. of a great scholar Thgy. rta - bel a horse's front- hair 6s. rta-sbdns horse-dung. rta- rmig a horse's hoof; n. of a plant Med. rta-rmig-ma a lump of silver bullion like a horse's hoof Cs. rta - rdzi one that tends horses; a groom Glr. rta-zun a good horse. rta-zdm 1 . post-station, rta- zdm-gyi tsugs-pa a post-house; rta-: dm gyi spyi-dpon postmaster-general Cs. 2. in Ld. also for rta-zdm -pa. rta-zdm- pa postillion, courier, express, estafet An estafet rides day and night, mounting fre^h horses at certain stations, and making the way from Le to Lhasa (for ordinary travellers a journey of 4 months) in 18 days. - rta(i~) -^u- lag a compulsory service con- sisting in the supply of horses. rta-ra, rta-grds inclosure. stable, for horses. - rta-sd I. horse-flesh. 2. the oblique ab- dominal muscles of the hips. rta -sad curry-comb Sch. rta-ysdr a horse not yet broken in or dressed Schr. rta-bseb stallion. With regard to the colour of horses (spu-Ka~), the following distinctions are made: rta-dkdr a gray or white horse; rta-rkyan-ndg, or If am -nag Sch. a dark- brown horse; rta Ham-pa Ld. a yellowish- brown horse (Sch. a dark- brown horse); rta - team - dmdr Sch. a light-bay horse, a sorrel horse ; rta Krd -bo a piebald or a dappled horse Ld. - Glr. , Schl. fol. 26, a; rta-gro Sch. a gray horse, rta gro-dkdr a light-gray horse, rta yro-snon Sch. a dapple- gray horse, rta gro-dmdr a roan horse, a roan ; rta rgya-bo Sch. a chestnut-bay horse (a bayard, a brown horse) with white breast and muzzle; rta nan-pa an isabel Ld.-Glr.; rta rnog-dkdr a bright bay horse; rta-sito-kra, rf<i-sit<>-fi</-<-itn /vA. a dapple-gray horse; rta-siio-nag Sch. u dark- gray horse; rtd-fiy-UraSch. a spotted horse ; rta nag a black horse; rta-brau = rgya- 14* 212 rtdg-pa bo Sch. ; rta-mog-ro Glr. a yellowish-brown horse; rta zag-pa Sch. a horse having gray and white spots; rta ^ol-ba Mil., Ld.-Glr., a black horse; rta ra-rdSch. a yellow- dun horse; rta ray-pa Ld. a tawny horse (Sch.: 'a white and red spotted horse'); rta rag -rag an ash-gray horse; rta rag- ser, or rta ser - ser Sch. a yellowish -red horse; rta sram - srdm Sch. a gray horse with a black mane and tail. _j. rtdg-pa (f?rar) 1 . perpetual, constant, lasting, eternal. 2. perpetuity, duration to all futurity, a quality which, ace. to Buddhist views, can be ascribed only to the vacuum, to absolute emptiness, the ston - pa - nyid ; mi rtdg-pa not durable, perishable ; de yan mi - rtag fsul - du yda this, too, is subject to the law of perish- ableness Mil.; mi rtdg-pai cos the principle of transitoriness; rtdg-par O dzin-pa to look upon (transitory things, i.e. the world) as lasting, and hence : to be worldly-minded Glr.:, as partic. one that is earthly-minded, a worldling; nydl-ba-la rtdg-pa steady in lying, i.e. disposed to lie down, to be con- tinually at rest, Sty.; rtag- cad lasting and transitory, frq.; rtag -par, or more frq. rtag-tu, always, i.e. 1. continually, 2. at each time (Dzl. 3f&, 5) ; rtdg -tu-ba per- petuity, eternity Cs. rtdg-po, Ld. *stdgs- po*, lasting , durable, reliable, rtag - brtan id. C. ; rtag - snydm - la C. adv. uniformly, equally. rtag -res O fcor-ba Sch. : a con- stant change (?). r t a g s (cf. rtdgs -pa) 1. resp. pyag- rtdgs, sign, token, mark, characteristic, *tag-zi* W., * tags-pa* Ld., id.; rtags byed- pa, vulg. *tag rgydb-pa* to make a mark; rdb-tu byun-bai rtags yod-pa (partic.) one having the outward marks of an ecclesiastic Glr.- bkra-sis rtags v. bkra-sis; omen, prognostic, = Itas, bu-mo skye-bai rtags a prognostic of a girl being born Med. ; proof of a thing, c. genit, frq.; mnon-rtdgs Dzl. id.; proof, argument, evidence, *ci tags-pa- ne zum* Ld. upon what evidence have they seized him? * tags -pa zig gos* you must prove it, *fdgs-pa-an mi dug* there is no 5k rtin trace, no evidence, left. 2. inference, deduction Was. (320). 3. the black, the centre of a target, W. *tdg-la citg-ce* to take for a mark. 4. sexual organ, organ of generation, rtdgs - sam bhd-ga as two synonyms for the same thing Wdn., po- rtags, mo-rtags frq. 5. gift, present, resp. pyag - rtdgs. 6. any mark for denoting grammatical distinctions, such as termi- nations etc., ni f.; rtags )ug-pa using such marks, making grammatical distinctions, seems to imply about the same thing as our etymology, the etymological part of grammar. rtags-yig 1. stamp, type(?) Cs. 2. letter of recommendation, credentials W. *tay-ril* W., lot, *tag-ril tdn-ce* to cast or draw lots (a half-religious proceeding) cf. rgyan. rtdb-pa, also rtab-rtdb-pa, and stab- pa, to be in a hurry, to be con- fused, frightened, in a state of alarm, e.g. of fowl frightened by some cause (Zam. = bred-pa); rtdb-po adj.; stab-stdb-por son-nas having become quite startled and con- founded Ptli.\ rtab-rtob sbst., rtab-rtob-tu nan - du pyin - te she ran into the house in haste (full of joy) Mil.; rtab-rtdb-la ra mi O dren I cannot help you with such speed Mil. nt. It is also spelled brtabs-pa. rtds-pa v. brtd-ba. rtig-gi Ts. for rteu, foal, colt. p- rtin (in more recent literature and col.) what is behind or after, with regard to space, and more particularly to time, rtin-du, rtin- la, rtin-na adv. afterwards, rtin-du bc6s-so they were made afterwards, were added later Glr. ; postp. c. genit., or less corr. c. accus. , after ; byon rtifi - la after their appearance l^th., byufi-rtiii after he has cornel/?'/.; de- rtin -la after that Glr.; *tin.-ne (jdn-ce* W. to follow, to come after or later; rtin-ma adj. and sbst. the last Tar.; ytdm-gyi rtin-ma yin this is my last, my farewell-speech Glr.\ without ma: *dus tin zig-na* W. some day hereafter, some future day; * tin-ma zag, tin- ma nyi- 213 rten-pa ma* W. the following day; * tin -jug* re- maining part, the last remainder, *di-rin )a fin-jug len soil* W. to-day I have used the last of my tea. rtm-pa 1. the end, extremity, lowest part, e.g. of a stick Glr.; gen.: 2. the heel of the foot, rtin-lcags a spur, rtin-lcags rgytib-pa to prick with the spurs, to spur; rtm-cu the Achilles- tendon. |q-rj- rtib-pa, pf. brtibs, fut. brtib, imp. i-fib(s) to break or pull down (cf. rdib-pa). 0^* rt-iu, sometimes for rteu, a foal. gcrra* '%-/> ! excrement, dirt rtug-skdm ,4 ' or -staw dry excrements j|fd. ; rgyal- srid rtug-pa bzin-du dor-ba to throw off royalty like dirt Ptlt.; rtug - pa pyis - pai rdo a stone for wiping one's self Mil. 2. C. wind, flatulence. 3, (b)rtug v. sub fogs-pa. i'tun-ba, pf. brtuiis, fut. brtun, also stun-ba, to make shorter, to shorten, to contract, e.g. a rope, a dress; ynyd-ba brtuns his neck is contracted Mng. ** -/-ftm v. /taw; rtun-ril a trituration- rtun-pa, brtun-pa, diligence, rtun-pa skyed-pa to be diligent Zam. Cf. d&n-pa. fQJ'cf rt l~P-> or rtul-ba, blunt, dull, mfson- <, rfei a blunt weapon 6s. ; gen. fig. : dbdn-po rtul-po (opp. to rnon-po or vwd- 6a sharp, and Jbrin-po middling) dullness, stupidity, imbecility of mind; dull, stupid; blo-rtul weak intellect. (b)rtul -pod-pa (^Y?r) boldness, courage; bold, brave Dzl. j&n- 'teM foal, colt, /^<?M O bran-ba to bring ") forth a colt, to foal Cs. LT- rten (cf. the next article) that which ' contains, keeps, or supports a thing, 1. a hold, support, esp. in compounds: ka- rten the plinth or base of a pillar 6s.; rkan-rten (resp. zabs-rtcn) a foot-stool 6s.; zu-rten a present given to support a suppli- cation, and never omitted by Orientals when making a petition; *s<mi-t('n* W. token, keep-sake ; esp. a visible representation, a statue or figure of Buddha or of other divine beings, which the pious may take hold of, and to which their devotions are more immediately directed (v. the ex- planation in Glr. chp. II, init.) 2. re- ceptacle, resp. yduh-rten, for the bones or relics of a saint, mcod-rten for oblations, v. mcod-pa, compounds; rig- pai rten re- ceptacle of the soul, i.e. the body &///.; rig-pa rten-med-pa , rten dan brdl-ba the houseless, bodiless soul Thgi;; jig-rten v. ojig\ snyin ni fse srog sems - kyi rten the heart is the seat of life and of the soul Mng.; seat, abode, residence, of a deity, sanctuary, temple (Dzl.}, shrine, rtin-gyi ytso-bo the deity residing in a shrine Glr. ; visible representation, symbol, of divine ob- jects or beings, esp. the rten ysum: sku- rten an image of Buddha, ysuh-rten symbol of the doctrine, gen. consisting in a volume of the holy writings, fitgs-rten symbol of grace, a pyramid, Kopp. II, 294. Hence rten might very suitably be used for denoting the material element in the Christian sacra- ments, viz. the water, and the bread and wine. 3. present, gift, prop, for zu-rfni (v. sub no. 1), and then in a more general sense, resp. pyag-rten, W., for pyag-rtdgs', also offering, oblation. 4. sex, specified as male, female, or hermaphrodite, in- dependently of age S.g. ; sometimes com- prising age S.g.\ or denoting age alone, as child, man, old man Lt.; calling, situation in life Tar. 163, 15 (where gyi ought to be changed into m) 176, 15; 178, 18; some compounds follow still at the end of the next article. r ^' n ~P a ! v b-> pf- an d fut- brten, imp. rton (brti'nt), to keep, to hold, to adhere to, to lean on, J}.dr-ba-la on a staff Pth. ; kd-ba-la against a pillar; /<!;/- pa O grdm-pa-la to lean one's head on om-'s hand, in meditating Dzl. ; fig. to depend or rely on, brten-pai bld-ma the priest to whom one holds; sn//t/t-/(t rii'-n-pti to keep to the fat, i.e. to eat much fat Mt-d. ; /. r /v//- pai ms-/" to be given, addicted, to sciiMml- ity; *<?/ ftiii-H'ti iiii'n'i- i><t-lu ti'ii-in"' < . it 214 -3rJ* rten-pa * rt6gs-pa one is intent on watering ; O fso - ba dka - sub -la v. dkd-ba compounds; Kyed-kyis ysun-ba-la brten-nas following, obeying (your) orders Glr. ; hai nus-pa-la rten-nas relying on my strength, i.e. by the help of my strength (you will be able to get to that place) Mil.; hence (b) rten-nas is frq. used for: in consequence of, with re- spect to, concerning etc. : rkyen de-la rten- nas in consequence of this event (the doc- trine spread) Tar. 8, 1; *gha-la ten-nas* why? wherefore? 6'.; yul Kydd-par-can-la rten-nas (to sin) with regard to a noble object Thgy.\ to hang on, to depend on, to arise or issue from; rteit -par Jbrel-ba v. rten- brel; to be near, to border on, *ten-te yod* W. (the two villages) are contiguous to each other; = y tad -pa, ston-pa to be directed, to be situated, to lie towards, lho-pyogs-la to be situated towards the south Sambh. ; ^od-zer-la rten-nas fzigs-pa to look after or pursue with one's eye a ray of light, like ytod-pa I. 3. Cf. sten-pa. 2. sbst. that which holds, keeps up. /<///"/- poi rten-pao (these) are the supports of kings Dzl.\ brten-pa rus-pai ynds-luys bstdn- pa 'the doctrine of the hold-giving bones', osteology Mng. 3. adj . attached to, faithful C. Comp. rten-grogs, fse hril-por O groys-pai rten- grogs perh. erron. for y tan-grogs. rten-ynas Gram.: the case which denotes the place of a thing or person, the locative. rten-Jbrel, or in full: rten-par O brel-bar ^yur-ba or Q byun-ba ; the coming to pass in continuous connection' (the explanation of Burn. 1 , 623 is grammatically not quite correct) i.e.: 1. in a general sense: the connection between cause and effect; in a special sense, the Buddhist doctrine of the rten-Jbrel bcu-ynyis^ rmT; the twelve causes of existence Wdk. 551 (with illus- trations); SchL 23, Burn. I. 485, Kopp. I. , 609. 2. the auspices of an undertaking, in as much as the complete knowledge of the causal connection of things implies also a certain prescience of future events; rten- Jbrel rtog-pa to investigate the auspices, ses-pa to know them, (a physician e.g., when treating a patient, must try to find out the auspices) Med.; rtm-Jbrel bzan or legs good auspices, nan bad auspices, frq.; so also frq. col. rten-nia prop, support, pillar S.g., *ten-sin* W. a pole used as a prop ; rten-sa Mil. ? Fqrcrra- -rtog-ge-ba frnD the act of argu- ing, reasoning; dialectics Cs.\ Kelt. distrust, suspicion (?); Ka-bsdd rtog-gei slob- dpon seems to describe a teacher who talks in a hypocritical manner with a mere ap- pearance of wisdom. rtog-ge-pa an ar- guer, disputer, reasoner, dialectician Cs. ~&rn' rtog-pa I. vb., pf. brtags (rtogs q.v.), brtof/y imp. rtog(s), 1. to consider, examine, search into, look through, cca. (also dat.), brtags -na mi ses though one meditates (upon the soul), one cannot un- derstand or fathom it Mil.; frq. with a single or double indirect question: to exa- mine whether (or whether not); brtag- dpyod (or rtog-fzig) yton-ba Pth , Mil. id.; brtags - dpyod examination, trial Zam.; c. terrain, to discern, to recognize as, e.g. ml "//*- par brtag it is ascertained to be bile, to be caused by bile Med.; so - sor rtog-pa Stg. prob. to recognize as being different. 2. to muse, to ruminate, to trouble one's head about a thing, which is considered a fault much to be guarded against, and the more so, as religious faith as well as meditation require the mind to be strictly directed and entirely devoted to the one subject in question; hence ma-rtog tm- dzin Mil. contemplation without any disturbing reflections and by-thoughts; cf. no. II. 3. v. dog-pa. II. sbst. 1. consideration, deliberation, reflection, cf. I., 2; rtog-pa skye-ba, rtog- pa-la jug-pa to reflect on a thing, to in- dulge in musings Dzl. 2. scruple, hesi- tation, rtog-pa skyes-te, to grow doubtful, hesitating Mil.; rtog^-pa^-med^-pd) simple, unsophisticated; simplicity; singleness of heart. de-la rtog-^ug mi byed Glr. he does not meddle with that. rt 9 s -p a (p r P- the pf. of rtd</-jt. like novi of nosco) 1. vb. to per- IK"J* rind -fin 215 ceive, to know, to understand, dpydd-na ma rings -so they did not understand, though they inquired into it Dzl ; rtogs-par ^y&r- ba to obtain information, to convince one's self of a thing Dzl.; rtogs-par byed-pa to teach, to demonstrate, to convince a per- son of Dzl.', md-rtogs-pa stupid, ignorant; ignorance Mil. 2. sbst. (but in Tibetan always construed as an infinitive with the accus. inst. of the genit, and with an adv. inst. of an adj.) knowledge, perception, cog- nition, frq.; sems rtogs-pa the knowledge of (one's own) soul Mil.; muon-par rtogs- P a (^rf*WrsO clear understanding or per- ception, in modern Buddhism the same as stoii-pa-nyid Trig. 21. rtogs-pa -can, rtoi.js-ld.dn rich in knowledge Mil. rtogs- (pa) br)6d(-pa}, for -flc^H cf. Burn. I. 64, a moral legend. rtogs-spyod theory and practise, rtogs-spyod byed-pa to know and to do, rtogs-spyod la mfcds-pa theoretically and practically religious. rtogs- dod-can desirous of knowing or learning, inquisitive Mil. Sometimes for fogs-pa. '-tod-pa, rUd-ya, btod-pa 1. sbst., also rtod-pur, a stake, in the ground, for tcddering a horse, for securing a boat etc. ; a peg, in a wall, for hanging up things; liod-fag a tedder (v. btod-pa); rtod-pa brgydb-pa to drive in a stake or peg 2. vb. to tedder, fasten, secure Dzl. pa , brtdn -pa, with or without yid, ccd., to place confi- dence in a person, to rely on. "q* rt l * cos-rtil Tar. 164, 20, Schf. the pith or marrow of a doctrine; rtol- skyes-kyi ses-pa Mil.? brtol-ses-pa Tar. 197, 8, Schf. to know thoroughly. rtol Cs., rtol-gog Lex. w.e.; Sch. : a bastard, an animal of a mixed breed, rtol-po a male, rtol-mo a female bastard Cs.; ace. to Desgodins the cross-breed of a yak-bull and a O gar-mo. Cf. Itor. rtol-ba, pf. 'brtol (Ld. *st6l-ce*) 1. to bore, to pierce, to bore into, cci. & t., %. ; to bore through, to perforate cca., a board etc., sgo-na the shell of an egg (of chickens creeping out) Sch., to open (an abscess) by a puncture; to make an incision; *bi-gah* W. to bore a hole. 2. to come to, to get to. to arrive at, ynds-su to (at) a place LAP. (cog. to fdl-ba, fel-bd); yon8- dt-brtol Lex. w.e.; Tar. 30, 22, Schf.: mft^T^i. the coral-tree, Erythrina indica; also a tree of paradise. (In Dzl. ?&$, 13 the manuscript of Kyelang has: d< : -d(i(/-/<t$ rtol-ba it out- passed them). oj' Ita 1. more correctly blta, v. sub Itd- > ba, I. l., we will see, Mil., frq. 2. in various phrases and expressions , in which its special signification is no longer clearly discernible : a. Ita ci swos Dzl. and elsewh., the most frq. form, Ita smos bi dgos Thgy , Ita smos ci O fsal (eleg.) Stg., W. more distinctly : *lta dgos ci yod*, also *zer dgos ci yod\ far from, not to mention, to say nothing of, how much less, how much more; with a preceding infinitive or noun : O di-dag O dul-ba Ita ci smos to say nothing of the conversion of these! how much easier is it to convert these! Dzl.; f o-skol Ita ci smos how much more we! Thgi/.; Ita zog is much the same : lo zld - ba Ita zog to say nothing of years and months; *tar zog, td-la zog* C. id. b. the word is frq. used after participles or adjectives ending with pa, when, judging in each case from the connection in which it hap- pens to stand, it may be deemed equiva- lent to: evidently, indeed, thus then etc., spoken either with emphasis, or ironically, or in a sorrowful tone. As it is next to impossible to learn from the Tibetans the exact import of those little words, which slightly modify the grammatical and logi- cal relations of a sentence, European trans- lators have generally passed them over. Cf. Dzl. ?x>, 18, ?c^s, 2 (where a shad ought to be added), L4-, 7 (whero */,- menus though), ^sSG, 18; Tar. 7,17,11). In Dzl. ?Q%, 1 Ita, in accordance with the munu- >cri|it of Kyelang, is to be omitted. c. like, as. (Ifd-ba sbst. abstr.. Itu-lut ndj., Iti'i-bur or ffur adv.), dii-lxt ltd -bur i/<>d- 216 ltd-ba pa zig one having the nature or the co- lour of smoke Glr. ; rta bcus rgyug-pa Itd- bui sgra a noise as if ten horses were gal- loping Glr. ; . . . ltd-bu mKds-pa zig a man as wise as ... DzL; pa-md ltd-bur gyur- to he was (to him) like a father DzL; bai dzi-ma ltd-bu dan Iddn-te having eye- lashes like those of a cow Stg. ; ron-la mi- mK6-ba bit-la byin-pa ltd-bu ma yin not as if she (the mother) would give her child only what she does not want herself Thgy. ; zes-pa ltd-buo is the usual expression for quoting a passage from an author, and always follows the quotation; Kyod, nd-lta- bu min you are not my equal, and also: you are not in my situation Mil-, O di-lta- bu, de-lta-bu, one like him, such a one as he; ci-lta-bu what sort of? sans-rgyas ses byd-ba ci-lta-bu yin the so-called Buddha, what sort of being is he? what is meant by 'Buddha'? DzL ci-lta-bu-la bskal-pa zes bgyi what sort of a thing is called 'Kalpa : ? ji-lta-ba \.ji\ji-lta-bu of what kind, as a rel. pron. Sometimes Ita alone is used for Ita-bu: ttyod-lta your eqnalJtftZ.; so prob. also in the passage Dzl.^&V^-, where yod-pa Ita ci mfon would be = yod-pa ltd-bu gan mfon (better than taking Ita ci mfon for Ita ci smos Schf.'). In DzL 3V^, 13, and ^V, 3 Itd- zig is prob. to be altered into Itd-zog, v. sub a, 2, above. d. Ita is sometimes a mere expletive, e.g. in dd-lta (v. da), and after the conditional na (DzL 9&Q, 1 ; V, b ; 2/3, 16, %VL, b.). nj-jn* ltd-ba I. vb., pf. bltas, fut. blta, imp. * Itos, blta, resp. yzigs-pa (cf. Itos-pa) 1. to look (as an act of the will, cf. mfon-ba), to view, often withm?//, ormig-gis (v. below); bltds-na mi mfon though you look (for it) you do not see it Mil.; *ndn-tan zib-ca Itos* Ld. look at it accurately ! *to sig* C. look (before you)! have your eyes open! *to sig nygn cig* C. attention! mind! be careful! ltd -bos cog mi ses I never can look enough at it; with nas: to look from or through, sgo-seri-nas (to peep) through the narrow opening of a door Tar.; bltd- ltd-ba na sditg-pa pleasing when looked upon, charming to look at; also n. of the city of gods on the Rirab Stg. y and of one of the seven golden mountains around the Rirab Glr.; ltd-i*u son go there and look (at it)! *lta-la ton* W. let me look (at it)! show it me! pan-fsun-du ltd-ba to look around DzL; * cog-cog-la* , or *y<_>-yon-la* col. id.; pyi mig, or pyir (to look) back DzL; *pi mig log lta-ce*, or *)in-pa yyiti'- te Itd-ce* W. id.; to inspect, ccd., rarely c.o^irq. Glr., DzL; Kyed mi -nus- pa-la bltds-na if one views, considers, your in- ability DzL; nas ma bltas-na if I do not inspect it Glr.; *ghdn-la te run* C. whatever one may fix his eyes upon = whatever it may be; to look after or into, to revise, to examine, to try, rtsa ltd-ba to feel a person's pulse Med.\ pdn-nam blta I will see, if 1 can help Mil. ; also : I will see , whether it has done good ; su ce blta let us see who is taller Mil. ; e' fsud Itos sig see , if you can put it through Glr.; rtin-sor blta we shall see that afterwards Mil.; ydn- dag- par ltd-ba to examine or search into mi- nutely Mil.; *fsod ltd-ba* in col. language is the expression most in use for to examine. to put to the proof, to test, to try, to sound etc. Lastly, as a mere act of the mind: to meditate, reflect, muse, ponder, investigate, du O dug blta let us see how many there are Mil. ; Ita rtog byed-pa, or ytoh-ba Mil. to investigate closely. Also in a mystic sense, v. sgom -pa 1,2. 2. ccd. (or accus.) and termin. , to look upon a thing as, ses-pa-la zog-tu to look upon knowledge as deceitful; dkon-mcog ysum mi bden-par ltd-ba to think the three treasures to be untrue, not real, = not to believe in them. 3. c. dat. (rarely termin.) : to have regard to, to pay attention to, to take notice of, and with a negative : to be indifferent to, not to care about, srog-la mi ltd-ba not to care about one's life (from heroism or desperation). 4. to be situated or directed towards, mdo ni nub-tu Ita the lower part of the valley is situated towards the west. 5. nas bltds-pa in my opinion; 217 Ifafj-ltin na-la bltds-na(s), or rten-nas, with regard to me, as for me, for my sake Glr. ; fzdn- ma-rnams-la bltds-pas as far as the others are concerned, with regard to the others Glr. II. sbst. 1. the act of looking, beholding, v. I, 1. 2.; ltd-ba yam-sin circumspect Glr. - 2. contemplation (mystical) v. sgom-pa I, -2. 3. (^far) opinion, doctrine, theory, philosophical system, school (in Tibetan a verb, cf. rtdgs-pa II), rtdy-par ltd-ba the theory of perpetual duration (of earthly things); nan-par ltd-ba a false opinion, = Ita-log. Comp. lta-nyul-pa a spy, scout, Ita- nyul btjed-pa to spy, to explore, v. nyul- ba. Ita-stdhs, resp. yzig-stdits Pth. the look, or manner of looking, air, mien, zi- bai Ita-stdns a mild look, or countenance, Cs.; Kro-bai Ita-stdns an angry or fierce look Cs. ; esp. the magical and powerful look of a saint, Ita-stdns sig mdzdd-pa to cast such a magical look Mil. ; Ita-stdns- la bziigs-pa., Ita-stdns - kyi ndn-nas cd-ba Mil. to sit, or stride along, with such a look, i.e. with great solemnity of deport- ment, as of one in a trance; Ita-stdns-bzi the four magical looks, viz.: O gugs-pai Ita- stdiis the attracting look, skrod-pai Ita- stdns the repulsive look, Ihun-bai Ita-stans the precipitating , look , rens-pai Ita-stdns the paralyzing look Cs.; also sen-gei, gldit- po-ce'i Ita-stdns-kyis yzigs-pa to look at a person with a lion's look, with an elephant's look. Ita-log, in later lit. and col. log- lta, false sentiment, not only false doctrine, heresy, but any irreligious impulses of the mind, perverse and sinful thoughts, e.g. log-lta skyes-te is used for conspiring against a person's life Glr., giving way to doubt or weakness of faith Glr., falling in love with a woman Pth.', mi-la log-lta byc>d-pa to slander, to abuse a person Glr. " Itag-Uin puff-ball Sch. ltdg-pa 1. the back part of the neck, nape Mcrl. and elsewh., frq. 2. the upper part or place, yral-gyi- of the divan, Udd-mo the seat of honour Dzl. 3. the back, .</// - Itag the back of a knife. 4. Itag f9 s yyur - ba to turn upside down Dzl. ; Hag-nof*), Itag, above, sgo-ltag above the door, gron-ltag dgon-pa Mil. the convent above and behind the village, the front- side of the houses being gen. turned to- wards the valley and the river; thus 'be- hind' is equivalent to 'higher up'; lf>i</- na-med-pa (of rare occurrence) for l>ld- na-med-pa the highest, ^ror; ft"!/ *!<'<''- ba to strangle, to suffocate Glr. ; Itag ycod- pa 1. Cs. to cut off a man's neck, to behead. 2. W. to make a person change his mind, to alter his sentiments; *r l>- la gyog-pa tag cad yin* I hope I shall talk him out of it, shall dissuade him from doing it; Itag nyal-ba to lie backward Sch. Comp. Itag - sgo the back - door of a house, v. above. Itag-ycod or -cdd 1 . de- capitation, 2. Mi.: changeable, fickle, in- constant. ltag-cu Med.; Sch.: 'sinew of the neck, the covering of the neck'. Itag- mdud Sch., Itag-sdud Lt. , the hole in the occiput, the connexion of the brain with the spinal marrow. ltdg-spu neck-hair, mane, of the horse, of the lion IA. - Glr. ltdg-ma what is uppermost, e.g. 'words written over other words. fajr- Itou 1. a bale of goods, carried on ' one side of a beast of burden, half a load, Itan ynyis two bales, or a whole load. 2. also Iten, W.: through, quite through, *pi-sta-ne ndit-lu I tail foil dug* one sees from the outside into the interior; *ltan bug ton* bore through! *ltan fon-te ca dug* he is passing through, he does not make a stay here. Cf. tot'i. ltdd-mo, col. also *ltdn-mo* } n-^|i. yzigs-mo, the looking on, a sight, scene, spectacle, ltdd-mo -la O fsogs they came together in order to look on Glr. ; ltdd-mo ltd-ba to look at a scene, to be an eye-witness; ltdd-mo ltd-bai sa a place where there is something to be seen : a theatre. Itdd-mo-Kaii a playhouse, ex- hibition, puppet-show etc. Udd-mo-pa /'///., *ltdtl-Hin-ft,i-nn'*. 'I 218 hob-pa QJX- I > W., a spectator, a visitor; ltdd-mo-ml>an, ltdd-mo ston-pa a showman, actor, mimic etc. yron-yul-yyi ltdd-mo ma dran ziy Mil, forgot the scenes of village life! ltdb-pa, pf. bltabs, flit, bltab, imp. Itob (W. *ltabs to/i*), to fold or r up, to lay or put together, *kijan- tab, n; t i-tab tab-ce* W. to fold single, to fold double; ysum-ltab byed-pa to fold or bend together threefold, e.g. a corpse pre- vious to cremation; ltdb-ma Cs. a fold, crease, plait; Itab-yri a clasp knife ltdm ( s )'P a > P f - b ltams, fit. bltam, 1. to be full, also ytdms- pa. 2. resp. to be born, skyed-pai yab dan bltdms-pai yum the father by whom one is begotten, and the mother by whom one is born Pth. Itar 1. also bltar, supine of ltd - ba, in order to see; bfodr-ruA-ba visible; Sch.: 'pleasing to the eye 1 ; yan ltdr-na yan, ci ltdr-na yan, be that as it may Glr. 2. postp. c. a., like, as, after the manner of, ri-ltar like a mountain; pyay byed-pa Itar byed-pa to make a saluting gesture Glr. ; no - ses run mi ses -pa Itar byas although they knew . . ., they affected not to know... Mil.; O bral mi pod -pa Itar yod-na yan being like one that cannot part with, = being scarcely able to part with, Glr. ; Itar sndn - ba to appear like, hence prob. Itar -sndn appearance, simi- larity Sch., (Lex. w.e.); lun-bstan-pa Itar (to do a thing) in conformity with a pre- diction Tar.; also ltdr-na, and ltdr-du, mi-lo ltdr-na . . . yod computed by human or terrestrial years it amounts to.. . Thyy.; bod-rnams ltdr-na according to Tibetan (sources) Tar.; ci-ltar(-nd) how? in what manner or way? ci-ltar also serves to paraphrase the English 'so that 1 , e.g. 'he played so that all were enraptured' is thus expressed : he played how did he play? all were enraptured; )i-ltar(-na) as ji-lta ji-ltar . . . de-lta de-ltar Sambh. even as ... so; O di-ltar, de-ltar^-na) so, thus, in that manner; O di-ltar mi ryan Icyod such an old fellow as you are ; frq. also in referring <lp Iten to the words of others, where we use 'that' : de-ltar bden-na if that is true. Itar-ltar-po Lex., Cs. : of a liquid nature, as an embryo first in the womb. Itas prognostic, omen, more distinctive s/id-ltas; miraculous sign, miracle, pro- digy, more accurately: no-mfsdr-bai Itas; bkra-sis-pai Itas a propitious omen; rmi- Itas bzdn-po a good sign in a dream l*th.; dye -Itas a favourable sign; ndn-ltds, or Itas - nan a bad sign DzL ; ltds - mkan a soothsayer, fortune-teller; Itas ston-pa to soothsay Cs. oj*^* iti-ri pitcher Sch. iy-fuii C. a person of small stature, i perh. a corruption of Ite-fun. Itib-pa to fall through Sch. Itir-ba v. Idir-ba. -> ojT-q- ltuii-ba 1. vb., pf. Ihuii, to fall, to fall off, down, into; fig.: mfo-ba de yan mfar Ihun-no what is high will finally fall down DzL ; more esp. to fall into sin, to commit sin, hence nyes-ltun an actual sin, a sinful deed, Itun-byed a transgression, crime; also ndn-son-du (v. O yro-ba I, 5), or dmydl - bar to fall into damnation. 2. sbst. the fall, esp. the moral fall, Itiin- bas f/6s-pa polluted by sin; liuu-ba bsdys- pa confession of sin. %*q* Ite-ba 1. navel-string, umbilical cord, * yc6d-pa to cut it Med. 2. navel. Ite-bai Kun(bu) Lt. id. ; yld-bai lte-ba musk- bag. 3. the middle of a thing, centre. dkytt-Jfor-yyi of a circle; mu-Uyud ysum- yyi lie-bar in the middle of three (con- centric) circles Lt.; ran-fdy-yi lte-ba the axle-tree of a water-wheel Glr.; sai lte-ba the centre of the earth, in the opinion of the natives: Tibet; also cognomen of se- veral fabulous kings of Tibet Kopp. II., 52. lte-ba yzuii-rdh Lhasa, or, in a more special sense, the palace of the Dalai Lama - Ite-tuy W. = * tig- fu it* C. 5j_. Itch \. v. Itah. 2. Iteii-ryyds n. of ' a Buddha. 219 /frw-/;a pool, pond Zte/. Mb-pa (cog. to ltdb-pa), to double down, to turn in, ?nfa, or sne-mo to hem, by turning in the edge, cf. sne-mo. <33TO" l t<yn wyy ait numour ? whim, caprice, 3* Item-ryydii byed-pa to be whim- sical or capricious Cs. mxj-r]* Item-pa the state of being full, e.g. a vessel full of water; full, overflowing, l1('in-po full; Item-Item so full that it runs over. ft? Ito, seldom ltd-ba (6'., Alii.) 1. food, ^ victuals, lto(b)za-ba 1. to eat, /to yaw Twa 20s he did not eat anything Glr.; 2. to gain or get one's living 6'.; /fo'-Z fo/m give him to eat! Lt.; lug -la Ito ster feed the sheep; Ito yyo-ba to prepare food Mil.; *to nyo srog (son* C. he risks his life in order to procure food; yla-lto wages and food; Ito-gos, Ito-ryydb, food and clothes Mi/.; Ito - rgyab - skyid Lex. prob. food, clothes, and good health (comfort); *dha to-ce za yyu yin* C. now I will go and eat (something). Ito- CUM, Ito-rdn Sch.: a person temperate in eating. lto- dun- can an epicure, parasite, sponger. Ito- ziii provision ground which a person re- ceives for his subsistence. zim-lto-can dainty -mouthed, lickerish. -- 2. goat's beard, Tragopogon, used as a kitchen- vegetable. ?|fb* Itd-l>> belly, stomach; also the belly of a bottle; ltd-ba sd-la O bebs-pa to prostrate one's self. Comp. Ito-gdfi a full belly, also: with a full belly or stomach. lto- gro, Itos- (/>-6 I. moving or creeping on the belly, a worm, a snake. 2. symb. num.: 8. - lto(-ba)- yrdy(-pa) Cs.: 'belly-fretting, a nervous excitement of the belly'. Ito- stoii with an empty stomach, jejune, empty. - Ito-ldir belly of a vessel, ltd- Idir-can swelling out, bellied, like vessels. Itd- na-ba, Ito-zuy stomach-ache. lto- pyc crawling or creeping on the belly, a snake; lto- pye cen-po, fjd\^\, a fabulous monster of the serpent kind, similar to the klu. Itrxj-odre a demon Sch.; <!,>- * Itugs prob. the same I- ltogs-pa I. vb. 1. to be hungry, /fii</x-so I am hungry Cs., ltoys-su O bor-ba to suffer a person to hunger, to starve Dzl. 2. Sch.: to regret, Itoys nyal ma byeb do not always lie in grief and regret! Sch.(f); Itoys-par bzugs-pa resp. to be full of regret. II. sbst. hunger. III. adj. hungry, se'ms-can ltogs-pa- imams Dzl.; Itoys-par ^gyitr-ha to grow hungry; Itogs - gri Mil , col. *lt6g - ri* W. hunger, *na(-la) ltog-ri rag* 1 am hungry, *kyod (-la) ltog-ri rag* you are hungry, *Ko U6g-pa yod* he is hungry. Itogs - pyinj hunger (i.e. poverty) and wealth Glr. - Itog-tsor the feeling of hunger, Itogs -(nor ce I am very hungry Mil. ItoH-ga notch, incision, indentation. ntdu - Itoii the notch in an arrow; a depression, ri-ton in a ridge of moun- tains, la-ton the indentation of a mountain- pass. fjSfc^T Ito-fis summit Alii, frq. fjW" Itob v. ltdb-pa. 1^' Itor, sras-ltor a bastard prince Glr. <^T Itos 1. v. Ita-ba. 2. Sch.=}tos. ltos-pa 1. vb., = ltd-ba, to look at, on, or to, ccd., ynyen-po-la ma Itos -par without looking to a spiritual guide Thgy.; Kyod d< ; -/<i //< //// <l<ios-pa ziy yin you need not care for that Mil.; re - zin Itos - pa Glr. to look at (a thing) hopefully; de-la ltos-na if I look at, con- sider, this Alii, if one compares this with . . . Thyy.; *(s)nd-ltos ci-cug($) tsdn-ma <\'>- Kan* W. a person acting with great cir- cumspection. 2. sbst. the looking at or on, ltos-pa med-par without looking at it (e.g. in playing at dice); relation, respect, regard 6s. sta-gon preparation, arrangement. xtu - yon l>i/(\l - JHI to make prepa- rations, to prrpan-, arrange, fit out; /s6- 220 sta-zwr bai sta- yon-la bzens he rose to make pre- parations for dinner Mil. sta-ziir hip, hip-bone, e.g. as the seat of strength Mil." std-zur yan- cdd from the hip upward Dzl. Kj-x' sta-ri W, originally sta-yri Mil. and ^ 6'., sta-re B., axe, hatchet; dgrd-sta battle-axe Lex.; star-ltdy Cs. the back of an axe or hatchet, star - miy the hole for putting the handle in, star-yu the handle, star-so the edge of an axe. jn- stay 1. tiger, ryya-stdy the Bengal ' ' tiger Mil.', stay-pruy a young tiger, stdy-mo a tigress; stay-fsdn a tiger's den; stay - ris the stripes of a tiger's skin. 2. Tar. 166, 2? xjqi'xxr stay-cds Mil. utensils carried by men about them, such as a knife, smoking-implements, weapons etc. OTTfl' stay -pa birch -tree; stay -ma n. of another tree. stay-yziy a not unfrequent form (which prob. has been adapted to Tibetan etymology) for ta-ziy, Persia, Persian. mstay-sa a medicinal herb, Glr., Med.; stay-sa-de-ba Glr. sta g-s ar a youth, young man C., Mil stan-zil Cs.: n. of a black stone, ace. to Zam. a silver-ore. sta?is, Sch. also stdn-Ka, manner, style, posture, yom-pai stans manner of walking, gait; brdeg- stans byed-pa to assume a fighting posture Mil.; ltd-stans v. ltd-ba comp.; ston-pai bzuys- stans the sitting posture of Buddha; C. : *Ko gho- ahon-tan de-mo* his style of dressing is fine, he is well dressed; *tdm-zer-tan Ke- pa* eloquent; even like a mere termination for forming verbal substantives: *zd-taii*, or *tun-tan leg-mo* good eating, drinking. stdd-pa, pf. and fut. bstad, imp. stod, to put on, to lay on, rtd-la sya to put the saddle on a horse, to saddle ; rtd- la O yr6-cas to load the baggage on a horse. RJJ- stan mat, carpet, esp. a carpet for 5 ' sitting on, also a cushion, resp. bzuys- ydan; saddle-cloth: sfan O dw-ba to spread a mat (on the ground), O gebs-pa to lay (a mat) on; *cu-stdn* swaddling-cloth W.; *bol-ten* mattress, *ful-t</n* (lit. prul-stdii) a light travelling -mattress 6'.; sometimes substratum of any kind, also of hard ma- terials, e.g. ytsub-stdn, btsab-stdn. 5yq- stab \. v. rtab. 2. Sch.: stab stdits- ' pa to suffer, to tolerate, to yield. stabs (cog. to fobs, also syn. of stags'), mode, manner, way, measure, sen-gei stabs -kyis (or su~) O gro-ba to walk in the manner of a lion ; gar-stabs v. gar ; oppor- tunity, Jbyon-stabs an opportunity forgoing; *tdbs-si fcd-na* (also *ttd-ne, or Kd-la*} W. when an opportunity offers; rins-stabs-su hastily, speedily Mil.; *kon-stabs* dearth, famine, want Ld ; *rin-stabs* a describing at full length, copiousness (stabs, in this in- stance, corresponds to the English termi- nation 'ness', changing the adj. into an abstract noun). ^J^" star, for sta-ri q.v. sTr-m- stdr-ka Sch., stdr-ga Lex., star-Fa ' Glr., walnut, star-(yai) sin, Ijon-sin stdr-Ka walnut-tree Glr.; star-skoys nut- shell; star - sddii trunk of a walnut-tree. stdr-ka byed-pa Ld.-Glr. Schl. f. 15, b (?). xjr w n* s tdr-ba, pf. and fut. bs tar, imp. stor, 1. to file on a string, e.g. pearls; to tie fast, to fasten to, e.g. sheep to a rope, in a bivouac, star-la ryyud-pa id. 2. to clean, to polish Lex. 3. Sch. : to ornament, decorate (?) stdr-bu, or star-zim Med., frq., the berries of Hippophae rhamnoides, a shrub or tree very frequent in Tibet; ace. to a Lex. also a kind of Rumex in India. ^jn sti-ba, pf. bstis, fut. bsti, imp. stis, "> 1. to rest, to repose, to refresh one's self, sti-(bafy ynas resting-place. 2. to honour (?); (fyti-sidn honour, respect, rever- ence, byed-pa ccd., to show a person honour, frq.; *Uo-la ti-tdn can med* W. he is not esteemed at all, he enjoys no credit whatever: bkiir-sti id , v. bkitr-ba. 221 ii-ba, pf. bstins, fut. ostM, jmp. /5s, to rebuke, scold, abuse Lexx. j. stib(s)-pa to offer (sacrifice), rarely used. stim-pa, pf. bsfims, fut. bstim, imp. s^ws, prop. vb. causative to Jim- pa, gen. = Jim -pa, to enter, penetrate, pervade, to be absorbed in, fugs cos-nyid- kyi kldn-du stim Pth. the soul is absorbed in the expanse of the cos-nyid. M- sfu cunnus, orifice of the vagina, the ^ vulg. and obscene expression for the pudendum muliebre. stug(s~)-pa 1. abstract noun and adj., thickness, density, thick; stuys-po adj., = fag -pa, O fug-po, thick, dense, e.g. a forest, Dzl.-, sound, heavy (sleep, clouds etc.); dpal-stugs right noble, most noble 6s.; stuys-po-bkod-pa Pth. one of the heavens of Buddha. 2. a wind, flatulence 6. sjr'CT" stuii-ba, pf. bstuits, fut bstun, imp. ^ stuns = rtun-ba. sjr-rr stud-pa, pf. and fut. bstud, to repeat, to reiterate, to give or offer repeatedly (medicine, food, beer etc.), bstud -na if it is repeated Mitg.; sbrid-pa mdn-po stiid-cifi ^oii repeated sneezing ensues Lt.; bstud-nas nd-ba to be always ill Sch. ; cf. btud-mar. stun - pa, pf. and fut. bstun, prop. causative to O fun-pa, gen. = Jim- pa, to agree, dye-ba bcu-la bstun-pai ryyal- kriins a law agreeing with the ten virtues Glr. ; O dod-yon Ina dan sti'tn-pai lons-spyod a life of pleasure in accordance with the five enjoyments Glr.; dus-skdbs dan stun- te agreeably to the (proper) time, in due time Glr.; nai zin rmo-ba O di dan stim- pai myur-ma a song having reference to this my labour in the fields Mil.; yzuit dan stun-pa Lex., Cs. : 'to confer, to make agree with the original text'. stub - pa, or ste-pa, Ld., for btub- pa, yte-pa. ste an affix for the gerund, inst. of te, ' after g, /*, and vowels, v. te. As ste contains the copula, it may be added also to other words than verbs, e.g. riijn c,'-:l,'t mt'i>-ba-*f<' as you are of high and noble extraction DzL; like O dt-lta-ste it is also used for namely, to wit. videlicet (viz.), that is to say, esp. before trans- lations of foreign words and names: /- ra-ste mgo-bo zes-byu-ba Tar. 11, 11 ; 4, 1 1 ; 189, 2 and elsewh. In the latter case it may also be rendered by or (Lat. sice). After an enumeration of several things, it serves to point back, or to comprise: za, za, a, ya, sa, sd-ste druy-ni the six letters z, z etc.; ysum nd~ro kyi-yu gren- bu-ste three signs, o, i, and e Glr., 'I'm-. 188, 16; dd-ste zay bdun-na as to the being now, in seven days, i.e. in seven days from to-day DzL', sometimes ste seems to stand in the place of a preceding verb, Feer Introd. 73, s.l.c. ; at other times it is used, where its exact meaning is not obvious. w-gj!' ste-po, or steu, carpenter's axe, adz, ' an axe with its blade athwart the handle (6s.: 'paring axe'), used by Indian and Tibetan carpenters, Rind, bastda, ste- Itdy its back, ste-yii its handle, ste-lc<i ('*. its edge, though in S.g. 32 stc-ka so-ynyis- pa it must be the name of the tool itself. ste bzoy yton - ba to pare, to smooth, to hew with the axe. *pdy-ste* W. a plane. steys, also stegs-bu, any contrivance for putting things on, a stand, board, table, stool etc.; kd-stegs the pedestal or base of a pillar 6s.; rkdit-steys foot-stool, jack, horse (wooden frame with legs); *kyo>i-stay* W. candlestick; *c6s-stay: tmi' W., book-stand; O dug-stegs a board, stool, bench, to sit on 6s.; *do - teg* C. a stone-seat, whether artificial or natural: mod-stegs Cs. 'a board to put vessels on'; por-stegs a cupboard 6s.; *p6-stag* \\'. a bench; zdbs-steys resp. for rk<i/i-st<>gs; *~!<n- tey* C. candlestick; yzag-stegs a board to place things on Cs.; zd-stegs dining-table SV7//-. ; yxol. - .s/fv/.s i'l resp., and tabl<' in general, col. *sol-tdy*\ /aw-s^.sseat, resting- place by the road-side Glr. ; *r>n - teg* C. candlestick. 222 sten ston-pa J,r-- stetl that which is above, the upper part, ' top, surface, sai steii fams-cdd the whole face of the earth Glr.; sen-moi steii- gi sa the earth here upon my finger nail Dzl . ; sten-gi ndm-mfca the heavens above Dzl.', steii - gi pyogs the zenith; sten-^og above and below, sten-^g-gi ydon demons of the upper and lower regions; sten-na adv. and postp. : above, overhead, on high, up-stairs, on the surface, answering to the question where or in what place; sten-du adv. and postp. 1. id., answering to the question whither, to what place, but also where or in what place, e.g. to sit on a lotos, to throw down to the ground, to send a thing or a messenger to a person Dzl., frq. 2. above, over, moreover, besides, in addition to, rgds-pai sten-du in addition to my old age Dzl.', byds-pai sten-du he made it and besides . . . Dzl. ; bdag cos-la mi mos-pa med-pai sten-du bon rdn-la mos I am not only no despiser of religion, but a regular Bon-worshipper Mil. ; steii - nas down from. sten-ka (W. *tdn-/ca*), also sten-tse a terrace. sten-Kan upper story of a house, garret. *sten - dun* (?) W. pestle, pounder. s ^ n -p a i pf- au d fut bsten, imp. sten, to keep, to hold; to adhere to, to stick to, to rely or depend on, almost like rten- pa, but c. accus., bld-ma mKds-pa sten-pa to adhere to a learned Lama; to stick or keep to certain victuals, medicines etc., using them regularly, frq.; even sdug-bsiidl to have to taste misfortunes Thgy.; to addict one's self (to virtues or vices), ser-sna to avarice Sty. ; mi sten-pa = spdn-ba to avoid, shun, abstain from. Glr.', Cs. also: yyog sten-pa to keep a servant in pay. s ^ m ~P a ) pf- an d fut. stems (= sten- pa?), to hold, to support Mil. nf.; to shut or fasten a door, to secure it by a beam or bar. C. 5^. stems curse (?) Tar. 181,20. Cf. byad. SfQ^" steu v. ste'-po. ster-ba, pf. and fut. bster, ccdp. 1. to give B., C., frq.; to bestow, present, grant, concede, allow; with the supine or root of a verb: to let, permit, ndii-du <7>'0('/'), ndn-du Jyfi-du to let enter to grant admission Dzl. '2. W. in a special sense: to give to eat or to drink, to feed (infants, animals). 3. to add (in arithmetic) Wdk. ' ! ter-go* aid, contri- bution C. jnr* stes-dban Lex., where stans-legs is added for explanation; in Tar. 134,7 stes-dban-gis is translated bySc-A/.: power of fate. ^SP|' sto-fag rope Sch. S^q- sto-ba, most frq. in the col. phrase can mi sto it does not matter, it makes no difference, it is all the same (also can mi rtog); Mil.: si run mi sto- ba O dug it does not matter if they die ; si yan ci sto-ste what does it matter if they die? ^J"^"(?) sto-ra W., a circle of dancers. - sto ft 1. thousand, ston-prdg id., ston- ' prag-brgyd-pa (the work) containing ten thousand (viz. Sloka) Kopp. II, 272; Burn. I, 462. stoii-dpon a commander over a thousand; ston- Kor-lo a wheel with a thousand spokes ; las ston byed Med. that is a remedy producing a thousand good effects. - 2. a fine for manslaughter, to be paid in money or goods to the relatives of the person killed; ce-cuh-gi ston byed- pa Glr., to proportion this fine to the rank of the man killed. 3. v. stoii-pa. stoii-grogs v. stons-pa. S^--rj. stdn-pa (*js) empty, clear, rtse-mo tsam yziigs-pai sa ston-pa about so much clear space, as to allow the point of a needle to be stuck in Dzl.; hollow, not charged or loaded (of a gun); not written upon, blank; indifferent, having no distinct or definite quality, e.g. as to taste or smell ; rluii - gi rah - bzin ni ston mod-kyi though wind (or air) in itself is without smell Dzl; waste, deserted, bi-ug- ston A rocky desert , lun - ston a desolate 223 ston-pa valley Mil. ; *zan - ston* Ld. , *dom - stoii* Pur., bare -bottomed, having the bottom bare, vulg. ; *mi ton-pa* W., = *mi /cyan*, v. rkyaii-pa; Kan-stoii a desolate house, as a place suitable for enchantments; fig. *sem- ton -pa rag* W. I feel lonely. - Kton-pa-nyid. ^m, emptiness, vacuity, the void, the chief product of the philosophical speculations of the Buddhists, and the aim and end of all their aspirations, v. Kopp. 1, 214; Burn. 1, 442; 462. (Five synonyms v. Trig. f. 20). stdn - zdd - la skyel - ba to squander, to waste, fse one's life Mil.; stofi-sait-ne absolute vacuity, stoii-saii-ite byds-nas making tabula rasa, keeping, re- taining nothing whatever Thgy. ston- ysdl v. ysal-po. Adv. ston-par in vaiu(?) Mil. sfo/i-ztf (?) W. Corydalis meifolia. stons-pa 1. pf. bstans (DzL), fut. bstan(^}, to accompany, *t6h-te do-ica* C. to go along with a person; cis kyaii mi stons-par O ci I die without any thing following me Thgy.; more frq. stoh- grogs bycd-pa ccgp. (also dat.?) to help, to assist a person Mil. 2. to make empty; to be empty, to become waste or desolate, rdn-gi ynas stons-sin S.g., rat'i-sul sto/ts-nas Mil., your own place becoming desolate; stons-su nye-bar gyur it had become nearly empty, was almost spent or exhausted Pfc/*.; mis stofis-pai tfdn-ro ruins forsaken by men; sans-rgyds-kyis stons-pa Thgy. the period during which no Buddha appears, a mi- Kom-pa v. K6m-pa; sa-yzir stons-pa to level with the ground, to raze, to demolish entirely. g^. xtod, &sk. ^TfT, I- the upper, higher, 5n former part of a thing, the upper half opp. to smad; 1. esp. the upper part of the body, resp. sku-stod Pth.; stod-fcog the upper part of a carcase Sch., also stod-po Mil; stod-tiyebs a sort of frill or ruffle of the Lamas; stod-^dg doublet of the Lamas. without sleeves; sfod-fuu a short coat, jacket. 2. the upper or higher part of a country, stod-pa an inhabitant of it, high- lander. 3. with respect to time : the first part, of the night Dzl, of life Gli:, of winter and the like; stod-la at the upper part of, above. II. v. stdd-pa, and stod-pa. stod-pa 1. vb., pf. and fut. bstod ('to raise, to exalt', opp. to smdd- />) to praise, commend, laud, bddg-stod-pa, W. *rdn-tod-ce*, to praise one's self, *raii- tod-can* a self -admirer, self-flatterer; to extol, to glorify, men, gods etc., frq.; stod- ((//)) bsnays-pa id.; stod-fsig an epithet of praise, a commendable quality. 2. sbst. praise, eulogy, also *tdd-ra* W.; compli- ments, complimentary phrases e.g. in letters; hymn of praise, also stod-bsiidgs, stod- dbydiia, stod-ylu; stdd-pa(t"') byed-pa, W. *p'ul - ce*, ccd. (the former also c. accus.) to praise, to extol; stod-^s laudable, com- mendable, worthy of praise. SJT- ston 1. autumn (more about it v. dus]', ' ' ston brgya mfdti - bar gyur cig may he live to see a hundred autumns! Lt. - 2. in autumn, during autumn B., frq. - 3. = ston-fog. Comp. ston-ka, ston-Ka, autumn, *ston- ka-na, ston -ka- la* in autumn, during autumn. ston-fog autumnal fruit, harvest, ston-fog sdu-ba ( W. also *d6g-ce*} to gather in the produce of the fields, to harvest. - ston-diis harvest-time, autumn, ston- zld autumnal month. S^r-rj. ston-pa I. vb., pf. and fut. bstan, at the end of a sentence bstdn-no (so prob. also in Dzl. 2, 10 the correct reading), W. *(s)tdn-ce*, 1. to show, lam stdn-cig B., *(s}tdn toil* W., *t?n ro.j .)//.- sig* C. show me the way! ston-mKan zig yod somebody has shown Glr. ; bu-mo sgo ston - mlean the girl that has shown the door Mil, mfsdn-mKan-la bu ston-pa to show the soothsayer a child Dzl.; lus *f<>/i- pa, applied to deities etc. : to show one's self, to appear DzL; rdzu-Jjrul ston-pa to show, to exhibit magic tricks, v. rdzu\ dmdg-pa yin-no zcs bstdn-ta 'this is the bridegroom!' with these words showing, i. e. introducing him as the bridegroom 224 ston-mo Dzl 2AS, 3. 2. = ytod-pa, to face, to front, to look towards, sgo lho-pyogs-su ston the door faces the south Glr. 3. to point out, to Indicate, describe, explain, ce-ba the greatness or superiority of a thing Mil.; bit-mo skye bar O gyur-bar ston -pa yin it indicates that a girl will be born Wdii.; ci- dra zig (yod) ston dgos give me a de- scription of her person Glr. ; bstcin-par byao now I will explain that, frq. ; )i-ltar byon- pa bstdn-pai leu the chapter describing the arrival; hence to teach, cos religion; Inn v. lun. 4. W. to make one undergo or suffer, to inflict (just as *fdn-c<? to suffer), *mi-la nag ston- pa* to torture a person, *duy-iidlstdn-pa' f to plague, torment, grieve. - 5. W. as a vb. nt, to show one's self, to appear, *'i-ru tdn-te yod* this appears here, this turns up or occurs here. II. sbst. a teacher, frq., lun-ston-pa a prophet, v. lun; the ston-pa par excellence is Buddha, frq.; ston-min, and tse-min two false doctrines Glr. 92, 3. (the translation given by Sch. is but an arbitrary one). ston-mo feast, banquet (v. also yd- tra), ston-mo bzdn-po, cen-po, a grand, splendid feast Dzl. ;som-paiQ prepare, arrange (a feast), byed-pa to give, hold, celebrate it, also c. dat. in honour of; ston-mo Q dren-pa to serve it up Mil., <gyed- pa to distribute the dishes, dmdns-kyi ston- mo ^yed-pa to distribute of the viands of the table to the common people Mil., zd-ba to eat, or partake, of such a festive entertainment Dzl.; ston-mo-ynan-sbyin a present of meat, of provisions Glr.; dgd- ston festive entertainment , frq. ; rnd - bai dgd-ston a feast or treat to one's ears Glr. ; cos -ston a religious feast Glr. (might be used for agape, love-feast, feast of charity); dus-ston a periodical festival, one connected with certain times or periods Tar.; bdg- ston wedding- feast, frq.; min-ston feast given at the solemnity, when a name is given to a child ; rdb - ston a feast after settling some important business Cs.; btsds- ston a feast given after the birth of a child; brtd-ba fsogs-ston sacrificatory feast; ysid-ston funeral feast. Sjjn'rr stob - pa, pf. bstab (Cs. bstob}, tut. bstob Cs., imp. stob, (causative to fob-pa?}, to put into another's mouth, esp. food, to feed; also applied to a mare that shoves the grass to her foal Dzl.; ndn- tan-gyis stob-pa to press a person to accept of a dish etc. Dzl.; in a more general sense: Idii-ste stan stob-par byed-pa rising to offer one's own seat Stg.; to make a donation Dzl.; also capir. : yo-bydd fams- cdd-kyis stob-pa to provide a person with every thing within one's power Tar. st6bs(-po) strength, vigour, force, frq. ; lus-stobs bodily, snyin-stobs mental strength; jii-stobs digestive power Mcd.; stobs-po ce of great physical strength Dzl.; stobs-kyis by virtue, by means of; stobs- pel-nyams-brtds byed-pa strength- ening, nourishing, of food Med. ; stobs-can, stobs-lddn, strong, robust; stobs- cuit, stobs- med, powerless, weak; the five powers of a Buddha v. Burn. II, 430; Kopp. I, 436; the ten powers v. dban bcu. stobs- cen 1. n. of a Lu-king, S.O.. 2. rammer, pile-driver, (or rdob-cen?*) C. stor-ba to be lost, to perish, to go astray, bu stdr-ro a child has been lost Dzl. ; lus datl srog (to lose) one's life Dzl., sems one's senses, lam one's way (also fig. to err from true religion Pth.}; *tor ma cug* W. do not lose it, do not drop it, carry it carefully; stor-sa med it cannot be lost or antiquated Mil. stor- Kun for ytor-Jfun drain, gutter Lex. J" " ' brt ... v. chiefly sub rt. Sf'S' brtd - ba, pf . brtas, Lex. : lus sems brtas, explained by rgyds-pa, to grow wide, to extend; gen. to grow stout, esp. with nyams Dzl; cf. also the ex- pression for strengthening sub stobs(-po); also rtas byed-pa Med.; fig. strong or great: O gyod-pa rtas the greatest, the sincerest repentance Pth.; bdg-cags rtas - pa high passion TJigy. 225 qZ7]($jyJ* brtdg(s)-pa, v. rtoy-pa; as sbst., preceded by a genit., inquiry, examination, Stg., frq.; gen. c. accus. rmi- lam brtdg(s)-pa examination of dreams Stg.; nn-po-ce brtdg(s)-pa-la mKos-pa con- noisseur of precious stones Dzl. ; brtdgs-pa brgyad Tar. 21, 2.? 6**^ a kind of imprecation, which consists in hiding the image and name of an enemy in the ground underneath an idol, and imploring the deity to kill him; brtad Jug -pa to perform that ceremony Mil. -- brtdd-pa 1. Lex. = bio -bur new, recent. 2. Sch. haste, speed, for rtdb-pa(?) (Tar. 180, 2 it should prob. be -/tdd-na.) brtdn-pa adj. and abstract noun; brtdn-po adj., firm, steadfast, safe; firmness etc.; brtdn-par ynds-pa, *tdn- po ddd-ce* W., to last, hold out, abide, continue, frq.; brtdn-pa fob-pa to become firm or durable (lit. to acquire firmness or durability) Mil.; brtdn-par O yyur-ba, *tdn-po cd-ce* W. id.; brtdn-gyi skyid a continued or abiding happiness Mil.; dban brtan their strength is holding out, Med. ; brtdn-du jug-pa Glr., *tdn-po co-ce* W., to watch, keep, preserve carefully; *tdn- po kur* W. carry it carefully or safely! ddm-bcas-pa brtdn-par ses he knew his word to be inviolable Dzl. ; yi-dam-la brtdn-pas because he firmly kept his word Dzl.; dus brtdn-gyi bde-ba eternal welfare, everlasting happiness Mil. (perh. this ought to be ytan). pa -mo, n. of the goddess of the earth, (also skon-ma, yd -ma), used in practising magic. ngorq' brtul-ba 1. deportment, behaviour 3s Cs. 2. Sch. also diligence, pains- taking (?). brtul-zugs, -^ 1. Cs. manner, way of acting. 2. Sch. and gen.: exercise brtdn-ma, or bstdn-ma, and bstdn- of penance, brtul-zugs byi'd-pa or spyod-pa, to perform such exercises, to do penance. 3. penitent. brtul - zugs - can penitent (adj. and sbst.) brtul-pod-pa v. rtul- pod-pa. bstdn-ba v. stoits-pa. bstdn-pa 1. v. ston-pa. 2. sbst. doctrine, a single doctrine, or a whole system of doctrines; sans-rgyds-kyi, bstdn-pa the doctrine or religion of Buddha, fub-bstdn, for tub-pai bst'ln-pa, id.; ynds- lugs bstfln-pa the doctrine of the position of... Med.\ bstdn-pa ynyis with Urgyan Padma etc., the same as mdoi and sndgs- kyi lam, v. mdo extr. bstdn- gijur the second great literary production of Bud- dhism, containing comments on Kan-^jyur, and scientific treatises (v. bka - yyiir in bka} Kopp. II, 280. bstan-bcos (aj|^) a scientific work. bstan - rtsis a chro- nological work relative to the year of Buddha's death. bstan - O dzi'n follower, adherent of a doctrine, .SY/-/.S - ryydx - kyi bstan- O dzin Mil., Buddhist; also frq. used as a noun personal. bstan - (b}sig col. a destroyer of the doctrine, in general a good-for-nothing fellow, a mischief-maker, an obnoxious person or thing. bstan- sruti 1. a keeper, guardian of the doctrine; perh. also -= bstan- dzin. 2. keeper, warden, guardian in general, lha-Kdn-yi bstan-sru/i; Ihd - sai bstan-srun the tutelar goddess of Lhasa, ace. to Glr. = dpal-lhd-mo. 3. in general the contrary to bstan-bsiy. bstir supine of sti-ba; bstir-med 'restlessness', one of the infernal regions. q- bstugs-pa to make lower, to lower ?*.(?). bsten-pa 1. vb. v. sten-pa. 2. sbst. confidence, = brtdn-pa Dhar. \"CJ" bstod-pa v. stdd-pa. 226 Sf fa ta-ma-Ka q- fa, the letter t aspirated, like the Eng- lish t in 'tea'. rr fa 1. num. fig.: ten. 2. every thing, * all, total ?A.(?). fa-skdr a certain star, fa-skdr-zla- ba a month, prob. = tnTRi (April- May); fa-skdr-gyi bu -3pjjf| twin half- gods. f a -d& LA. a large needle. fd-ga-pa a weaver Dzl. g-cn* fa-#w, vulg. fi-gu, 1. a short cord or NJ rope. 2. string, twine, for making garlands Sty.; a bell-rope /teJ. OTCT- fa-ffru, originally fag-gru Pth., ex- <S tension, width, breadth, ~dzam-bu-glin- gi fa-gru kun-la Glr. in the whole extent of Dzambuling; fa-gru ce-ba Pth. extensive. fa-rgdd 1. obtuse, rounded off ScL _ 2 . " fa- cdd very bad, mean Cs. fa - cun the last month of a season (v. dus\ e.g. dpyid-zla fa- cun the last month of spring, opp. to rd-ba, (and O brin-po); the youngest of three or more sons, opp. to rab (and Jbrin-po the middle one). fa-snydd 1. appellation, zes fa-snyod- du grags so it is called Wdn.; Tar. 96, 13; 178, 3; Was. (296): suppo- sition ; condition, fa-snydd-pai bden-pa con- ditional truth. 3. Schr.: etymology, Cs. only: part of grammar; so frq. used by grammarians, e.g. fsig dan. fa-snydd slob- pa to learn spelling and etymology. 4. In col. language 1 heard it used only for talking or disputing in a conceited, foolish manner, so also in Mil. Lex. in con- formity with each of "these significations from ^rai? to distinguish, to name; to dispute. ta-snyad-ycig-pa n. of a school, of a system or doctrine Tar. ; fa-snyad-grub-pa n. of a literary work. fa-ddd-pa different, various, sundry, gen. opp. to ycig or ycig-pa; dyos- pa fa-ddd-pa the various wants of a man Dzl.; fa-mi-ddd-pa alike, equal. q-r- fd-na even, so much as. up to, fa-wa- srog-cdgs grog-sbur y an- cdd even the smallest insect Sty.; fd-na yig-Jbi'u re-re yan-cdd even every single letter Thgy.\ at the close of an enumeration : finally also Ld.-Glr. Schl. 20, 6. fa-pi-fu-pi confusion, disorder Sch. fd-pag v. fdr-dpag. fd-ba (= fu-bd) bad Mil. f f ' l ~ mtt *he last of several things, with respect to number, time, rank, the lowest, meanest, most interior, often opp. to rab and O brin. and also to Kydd-par* can; it appears somewhat singular, that ycan-zdn-gyi fa -ma signifies a cat, and O dab-cdgs kyi fd-ma a hen Glr.; dus-kyi fd-ma-la in the last times Glr., prob. also alluding to the general decline taking place towards the end of the Kalpa; sometimes it is to be translated: in the last place, finally, at last Glr., like fa-mar Dzl. 3^, 11 ; last = parting (parting-cup, parting-kiss); for the last time: ynyen-gyi fd-mas bskor he sees his relations for the last time around him, zds-kyi fd-ma za he eats for the last time Thyy.; fd-ma-la c. genit. at the end of, after. O prdd~pai fd-ma ni O bral, ysnn - pai fd - ma ni ci - ba yin the end of every meeting is parting, the end of every living is dying. * fa-ma-Ka Cs., vulg. W. *fd-mag*, tobacco, O fun-ba, W. resp. *don-ce* to smoke (tobacco). 227 ta-mdl- pa tdy-pa fa-mdl-pa (fa-mdl abbreviated from fd-ma-la) 1. mean, vulgar, plebeian, fa-mdl-par O duy-pa to live like the vulgar Dzl. 2. ordinary, usual, fa- mdl-pa ma yin that is no usual thing Dzl. ; fa-mdl adv. = pal-cer. fa-fsig Sch. 'oath'; but in two pas- sages of Dzl. cii fa-fsig can only mean: 'what signifies?' fa-ra-fo-re W. wide asunder, wide, * fa-ra-fo-re zdy-pa* C. to scatter, to throw loosely about. fa -ram 1. /ScA.: 'the breadth of a plain'. 2. a medicinal herb Med., in Lh. Plantago major. -... . fa-ru Tar. 20, 17, Schf. : 'the utmost limits', or it may be a p. n. fa-li W., *fe-U* C., Hind. *rf%*iT, a tin plate. " fa-Ion W. a sort of red cloth. fa ~ sdl Sch- '- 'the end, the conse- quence; bad'; Bhar.: skyes-bu fa- 'sdl nyid Schf. : homo nequam, a good-for- naught. gen* fay ! sometimes for O fag, Glr. 2. ' distance a. relatively (prob. from fag- pa measuring-cord, surveyor's chain) only in: fay-Hn-ba adj. and abstract noun, fag- rift (-po) adj., W. *fag-rin-(mof distant, a great distance, sa fag-rin(s) a far country Glr. ; with dan or las far from ; fay - mi- rih-ba not far Pth. ; fag-rih(-po)-nas from afar, from a distance Thgy.; fay-nye-ba near; proximity; W. adj. *fag-nye-mo* ; fag ci-tsam how far? 6s.; fay-yru v. fa -grit. b. absolutely, only with respect to time, in: ma- fag but just, just now, gen. with a verbal root, sleb ma-fdy yin-pa he that has arrived just now Glr.; snar bsad ma- fag-pa (the passages) that have been ex- plained just now Gram.; as an adv. gen. ma-tdy-tu, or only ma-fdy, frq., e.g. fos ma-fdy-tu as soon as he had heard; de ma-fdy-tu directly, immediately, in W. *ma-foy-fse* . 3. fay-foy v. fog -fag. 4. fag-y cod-pa v. fay-pa I. fag-fag, with ^jhe'-pa* 6'., *c6-cc* to knock, sgo at the door. fdy-pa I. rope, cord (in Lh. hempen ropes, as a foreign manufacture, are often distinguished from other ropes, by being called ^^fj, bal-fdg rope made of wool, ral-fdy rope of goat's hair, rtsid- fdg rope of the long hair of the yak, rtsa- fdg, or pon-fdg Glr. rope of grass; Icdgs- (kyi) fag - pa chain , wire - rope , used as fetters or otherwise; *ras-fda* W. bandage; fag-mig mesh of a net Sch.\ fag-zo rope- maker's work Pth. fag food -pa vb. a. (fag c6d-pa, or cad - pa vb. n. or pass.) 1. to cut a cord, bdag ny&-du dan O brel- fag bcdd-pas bde I am glad of having cut the cord (tie) which united me with my family Mil.; gen. with re, the cord of hope, e.g. ^gro-bai re -fag cad the cord of the hope of going on a journey is cut off, i.e. the journey has been given up Glr.; Schr.: ^6-fay f cod-pa to wean (a child) ; blo-fag- cod deliberation is cut off, the matter is de- cided or resolved upon ; hence frq. without bio: 2. to decide, resolve, determine, rgyal- po bkron-bar fag -bead it was determined to murder the king Glr.; tfyod ynyis iid- la curt- ma mi len fdg-cod-pa-na if you positively refuse to give me a wife Pth. ; * fag-cad mi Kyud* W. I have no right to decide on that point; fag-cod-pa byed-pa to decide, pass sentence, give judgment Mil. ; to be sure, decided, certain, . . . grdhs- par fag-bcdd-de (cf. above) as it is quite certain that he has died Mil. ; . . . yod fag- cod there are certainly . . . Glr. ; cos dar ^6n fag-cod it is quite certain that religion will spread Mil. ; ltd-bas fag-bcdd-nas being immovable in contemplation ; with termin. : to know for a certainty, to understand or see clearly, rdn-sems cds-skur fag-~$6d-cih knowing one's own mind to be vain and frail (v. cos-sku sub sku 2) Mil.; snd/'i-lxt sems - su the visible world as a thought, as imaginary, i.e. as nothing Mil.; fag- cod certainty, surety, evidence, f ('m-ki/<u'i fag-cdd bycd dgos but one should know it for certain, one Inust be sure of it Mil. ; ltd-ba fag-cod-kyi rndl- byor-pa you, the ascetic, firm in meditation! Mil. *( ( J- co'-rbe'-co* C. resolute. 228 fags tan-prom II. prob. = dag -pa, in snyin (or 20, or bsdm-pa) fdg-pa-nas with a faithful heart, with all my heart, heartily, ze fdg-pai zu- ba Mil. a sincere prayer or entreaty. Note. In fag-pa and other words be- ginning with f, (e.g. fan, fo), d sometimes takes the place of f, and this uncertainty in the use of the initial letter dates perh. from a time, when the aspirated pronun- ciation of the media first began to be adopt- ed in 6'., and was not yet generally in- troduced. fags texture, Web, fags O fdg-pa to weave Dzl., fdgs- fag-mkan col. for fd-ga-pa, also fdgs-mkan Pfh. a weaver; *fser-fdg* W. thorn-hedge, fence consisting of thorn; fags - Kri (weaver's) loom Ld.- Glr.; fdgs-gra-Jm 6s., ' f fdgs-fcan-bu* W., spider; fdgs-ca weaver's implements; fdgs- ynas, fags -ra, a weaver's place or shop Cs.; fags-bran byed-pa Mil., *fag rdn-ce* W., to begin the warp. tags-fogs impediment Cs. nr' tan 1. also fdn-ma Mil., fdn-bu Dzl. Ms., *fdn-ka* W., flat country, a plain, steppe; also fig. like zin, bde-cen-gyi fan land of bliss Mil.; fdii-la (from the house) into the plain or steppe, = into the open air Dzl. ; fan - la Itun - ba to fall to the ground; *ma-fdn* W. the unfloored bottom of a room; gram-fan a fenny or swampy plain 6s.; span -fan a green grassy plain or steppe, meadow, prairie; byati-fdn the northern steppes or plains of Tibet (used as a noun proper); bye-fan a sandy desert or plain ; ^ol - fan ground covered with (snail-) clover, pasture ground, grassy plain; sag-fan a gravelly plain; fdn-du byed-pa Cs. to lay waste, to make a desert of, fdn- du O gyur-ba to become a desert. 2. Cs. price, value, perh. also amount; rin-fdti id. Dzl.; rin-fah-can dear, precious, Mil.; yoii- fdn I. W. income, profit, 2. C. = yon-tan talent, natural gift, faculty; lo-fdn yearly tribute, y cod -pa to fix, to order it Tar.; za - fdii (a person's) capability of eating T/igy. 3. W. for divans clear, serene, *nam fait* a cloudless sky, fine weather; *dan pi-ro fdh-te yod* (the sky) was cloud- less last night. 4. potion Med. 5. = bka-fd/'i, order, command, (bka) faii-yig decree; pad-ma- fan- yig is the abridged title of a collection of legends about Padma Sambhava. 6. (resin?) fan-cu resin, gum, e.g. of fruit-trees. 7. a very short space of time (the statements as to its length vary from five seconds to one minute and a half), a moment, a little while, gen. tan ycig, not seldom joined with skad cig and yud tsam; fan tsam id. Pth.; cig-fan, bzi- fan one moment, four moments; Lt., fan- re S.g., one after the other Sch. 8. v. fat'i-ka. In a few instances the mean- ing of fan is not quite evident. Comp. fan-Krun bastard Sch. fan-cv, v. faii C. fan-ston uninhabited, deso- late; wilderness. fah- bru Sch. 'cedar- nuts', perh. = ko-nyon-tse q.v. fan-mar tar 6s. *fan-ma-la-la-tse* a small lizard Ld. fan-yzi market-price, *fan-zi cag* C. the market-price abates. *fan-zi* W. fata morgana fan-rag cedar (?) Sch. fan-sin fir, pine. n^-m n^'cn' ^ - * fan - ga, resp. zal- 1 fan, W. *sku-fdn*, Tar. tan- sku, image, prop, of human beings, at pre- sent = picture, painting, in a gen. sense, also of landscapes etc. - fan - dkdr the white-tailed eagle * fan-fan v. the following word. 'S fdii-po, tense, tight, firm (= O fdn- pof); fan-lhod tight and loose; also tenseness fig. Mil. ; fdii-sa ycod-pa to strain, to stretch, cod-pa vb. n. or pass. Stg., Mil., C.; *zug-po faii-nam* C. are you well? rkan - fan - du or la on foot, v. rkdn - pa comp. ; fan -/cod-pa to tire, to fatigue Mil., fail cod-pa or cad-pa to be tired, wearied Pth.', *gom-fdn Idb-ce (fu-gu-ld)* W. to lead a child in walking, to teach a child to walk ; sa-fdn-fdn to the utmost of one's power Sch. fan-prom a medicinal herb Med., Wdh. = dha-tu-ra thorn-apple (?). 229 fdit-xa n' fdn-sa v. sub fan-po; tan-sin v. fan ' comp. orvm-) fdd(-ka) 1. the direction straight ' ^ ' ' forward, steii dait ^og daii ftid-ku fams-cdd-du upward and downward, and in every other direction Stg.; steh-^og-fdd- kar straight upward and downward S.g. ; po-brdn-gi fdd-kar pyin they came straight towards the castle; fdd-ka-na directly be- fore Thgy.; dei nub-fdd-kyi that which is situated to the west of it Tar.; most frq. fdd-du c.genit. towards, in straight direction; over against; in presence of e.g. to assemble, to propound, to lay before one, to study under a professor Dzl.\ exactly in the place of a thing Tar. 17, 1 ; mi fdd-nas cod Tar. 159, 4 prob. : cut off only from the flesh; **>"-%, fe'-kan-la* Ts. straight on; fad- dran-na directly before Wdn.; *fad-nyd* W. over against, opposite, facing; fdd-so-na = ff/d-ka-na Mil. 2. fdd-kar each for himself Glr. 3. entire, whole, untouched, safe (integer) 6'. and perh. Thgy. J^' frq. abbreviation for S^^'-S^s" fams- cdd, whole, all. 5J3T fan, Hind. ^7^, = yua, a piece of cloth. , fan-kor, tan-skor Lex., surround- ing country Sch. fan-tun (Schr. fad-fun) a little Sch. fdn-pa dry weather, heat, drought Glr. q- fab 1. resp. ysol-fdb, fire-place, hearth, me-fdb, id.; also for stove, Icags-fdb iron stove; fab sor 'the hearth is running over 1 , i.e. the food placed on it runs over in boiling, a mis-hap the more serious, as the household god is offended by the evil smell caused thereby. 2. v. sub can. Comp.: *fdb-ka* W. fire-place, *fdb-ka tsam yod* how many fire-places, i.e. house- holds, are there? fab-fcun opening or mouth of a stove, furnace, or fire-place; v. also Schl. 249. fab - jrnds fire-place, furnace, oven 6s. *fab-fsdn* W. kitchen. - fab-pyis, W. * fab-pis* clout, dish-clout, wiper. fab-yzob burnt smell. - *fab- fdm-ga. fd, lt -l, Ids cd-Kan* W. cook. fab-yydg kitchen- boy, scullion l*th. fob-Mil fire -wood, fuel. fab-lhd deity of the hearth. fab-fob W. = fom-fom. gq^f fab * ( c g- to stabs), opportunity, chance, possibility, *fon-or dul-fdb majuii* W. I had no opportunity of seeing or going; *fab sig nyi-rdii-ne mi jiin-na* W. if you offer no chance, if on your part it is not made possible; fabs mi fub Dd. and col. I am not able, I cannot; ydan-drdiis-pai fabs med I then shall lose the opportunity of meeting (the princess) Glr.; O bros-pai fabs med there is not any chauce of escape Glr. ; lam - la yzol - tabs med there is no occasion for stopping- or tarrying on the road Mil.; way, manner, mode, klog-fabs way of reading, e.g. Sanskrit; rkun-fabs- su in a thievish manner, by theft Stg. ; rgydl-poi fabs yton-ba to give up the way (of life) of a king, to resign the crown DzL, fabs ycig-tu together, in company, jointly, e.g. to sit down with one another, to go together to a place, frq.; means, measures, fabs byed-pa, W. *co-ce, Kyon-ce* to use means, to take measures; bio fabs O fsol-ba to contrive means Ma.; fabs ston- pa to show means or ways, to give di- rections, to instruct Glr. ; O fso-fabs liveli- hood, subsistence; fabs zad there is nothing else to be done Glr.; zi-bai fdbs-hyis in a fair way, amicably, not by constraint or compulsion Glr.; fdbs-ki/is by various means, by artifice, cunningly, craftily: fdbs(-la)-mMs-pa, fdbs-ses-pa, W. also *fdb - can*, skilful, dexterous, clever, full of devices; da bdd-du O gro-fabs gyis sig now take steps, make preparations, for a jour- ney to Tibet Glr. ; de yson-poi fabs ydd- dam is there a means of recalling those men to life? fabs-cdg Mil., * fab -sag* or *feb-sdg* vulgo, a shift, make- shift, surro- gate; fabs (dan) ses (-rab) the mystical union of art and science, or (Sch. less cor- rectly) of matter and spirit, cf. Was. (144). fdm-ga, fdm-ka a seal, sign ('., v. 230 tdl-ba fam-fdm Sch. 1. also fdm-me-ba, unconnected, scattered, dispersed. 2. fam-fdm (byed) -pa = O fdm-pa. Cf3TT f am ~P a (sometimes fern -pa) com- plete, full, almost exclusively used as a pleon. addition to the tens up to hundred. fams-cdd whole, all; added- to the singular number : rgyal-K'dms fams-cdd the whole empire Glr. ; lus fams- cdd na the whole body aches (opp. to one part of it); bod-kyi zans fams-cdd all the copper of Tibet Glr.; more frq. added to a plural (though usually in the form of the singular number): all (the persons or things), de fams-cdd, rarely de-dag fams- cdd, all those; fams-cdd-kyis so-so-nas all of them one by one, each. fdms-pa (= O fdm-pa?), sa, or bye- fdms-su ^jug-pa to suffer (a person or beast) to stick fast in the mud, in the sand (?) Glr. 84. 5^' fau Wdn. capsule (?), Wts. peach (?). ^\ far v. far-for. >. far-for (-la) = fa-ra-fo-re (cf. ; 'far c6s-se dug* Ld. sit wide asunder, not too close together! far byed-pa Mil to break to pieces, to smash, to crush. fdr-nu a purgative Afed. far-dpdg, C. *far- bda*, W. *td- bag* a large plate, dish, platter. fdr-ba to become free, to be saved, *far gos, or goi* W. he must become free, las from ; to be not hindered or pre- vented, to get through, to get on, to be able to pass, cu-la through the water Mil.; zas mi far the food cannot pass through Med. ; to be released, acquitted, discharged, *(im- na* C. by a court of justice; fdr-du O jug- pa to set at liberty, to acquit, with fse (col. *fse - far - la tan - wa*) to pardon (a malefactor;, to grant him his life, frq., to let live (animals) Mil.; often in a religious sense (with or without -mam -par") to be Saved, freed, released, viz. from the trans- migration of souls; more frq. the pf. far- pa 1. to be free etc., lam far the road is free, passable. 2 sbst. freedom, liberty, hap- piness, eternal bliss, jff^ fdr-pai rgyur O ayur it will be serviceable for (my) liberty; far- (pa*) lam the road to happiness (a common expression); far-med-kyi dmy al- ba hell without release. 3. adj. free, far- par O gyitr-ba to become free, byed-pa to make free, to liberate, to save; fdr-sa place of refuge, asylum Thgy. qqr fal, sometimes for fa-li; fdl-gyis v. fdl-ba II. 3. - fdl-ba I. sbst. 1. dust (cf. rdul\ ashes, and similar substances; gog- fdl ashes; *fug-fdl* ('soup- dust') roasted barley -flour C. fal-kdr a kind of ele- phant, Cs., perh. the ash-coloured. fdl- cu lye. tal-cen ashes of the dead; also a sort of light gray earth, representing the former, and used for bedaubing the face in masquerades Mil. fal - tag Ld. un- leavened bread. fal-mdog ash-coloured, cinereous. fal-pydgs broom Sch. fal- byi the gray or cat-squirrel. fal-fsd a sort of salt Med. -- 2. bya-fal dung of birds Glr. II. vb. (C*. also O fdl-ba) 1 . to pass, to pass by, *fal ca dug* W. he goes past, he does not come in; *zdm-pa fal ca dug*, he goes past the bridge, does not pass over it; to miss the mark, of an arrow or ball ; rba fal - fal ^on the waves flow past Mil. 2. to go, step, pass beyond, lo Ind-bcu fdl-nas when the age of fifty has been passed Wdn.; *cu-fsod ycig fsd- big fal* W. a little past one o'clock; sno- ba-las fal-nas dmar-zin Thgy., prob. inclin- ing from blue to red; to be in the ad- vance C.; to project, to be prominent, hence fal-fu/t different lengths, one object pro- jecting beyond another; to play a promi- nent part, to take the lead W.; fdl-ces-pa to exceed the due measure &//.: *h : a fal- wa* to be forward in speaking, bold. 3. to go or pass through, brag -la yar fal mar fal, and par fal fsur fdl-du O gro-ba to soar up and down before a rock, and 231 tdl-mo fiy-l to pass actually through it (the saints not being subject to the physical laws of matter) Mil, Thgr.; to shine, to light through; tal- byi'in-du O gro-ba to go straightforward, to act Without ceremony or disguise Dzl. ?vS3, 3 ; fdl-ma Sch., fdl-le C., through and through; fdl-gyis directly, straightway, unhesi- tatingly Mil. 4. to come or get to, to arrive at ( W. *fel-ce*}, fdl-nas lo ysum Ion three years have elapsed since they arrived ; pa-ma gar fdl-bai )tol-med; bzan-fdl safe arrival Thgr.; ydr-yyi bzdn-fal cen-por O gro-ba to arrive at, attain to (a blessed state) in a pleasant and speedy manner Thgr. 5. to be over, past, finished, done, fdl-lo of a song: it is over, finished Mil.; drug-cu fdl-lo the number of sixty is full; ydl - nas fdl - ba Mil. having disappeared, vanished ; stor - te (or stor - nas) fal he is undone, it is all over with him Mil. frq.; rim-g-yis je nyun je nyun tal by degrees it vanishes , dies away Mil. ; snar cad - fsig fal the former agreement is no longer valid; fal son col. = fsar son. Tar. 46, 5.12? 172,5: fdl-gyur-pa Schf. follower, adherent, or the name ol a certain sect. fdl-mo the palm of the hand, fdl-mo sbydr-ba to hold together the palms of the hands, as a gesture of devotion; fdl-mo snun-pa Dzl., more frq. fal-lcdy ryydb-pa to give a slap on the face, a box on the ear; fal-brddb-pa to clap with the hands Sch. fj" fi num. fig.: 40. S-qr fi-yu v. fd-gu; fi-yu-Krd-bo (?) C. = " J *'ar-gon* W. g.^. fi-ba 1. wood-pigeon, stock-dove Sch.; fi-bo plover, peewit, lapwing Sch. - 2. C. = fe-ba. fjq- %, prob. from fi-yu, 1. carpenter's ' cord or string to mark lines with, marking-string, fiy(-yis) O debs-pa to use such a string, to draw lines. 2. any instru- ment used in drawing lines; skor-fig a pair of compasses, yya - fig slate - pencil, lead-pencil ; also a line drawn with a lead- pencil ; *fiy - ta tan - ce* W. c. genit. to examine, try, test. 3. a line, fig- debs- pa, ryyag-pa, ryyab-pa, to draw lines; gun-fig the meridian line Cs.; nag -fig or snag-fig a black line, fsal-fig a red line; fsahs-fiy diameter; equator Cs. 4. symb. numeral for zero. 5. v. tiff. Comp. fi<i-skod string to mark lines with. *fiy-nyd* W. over against tig- nag Sty. , Sch. : that part of hell , where the damned are sawn to pieces, lines being drawn upon them. fiy-fsdm a little. fig-fsdd Cs. proportion, symmetry, Ld.-Glr. f. 27, 6, fig-fsad byed-pa to proportion; *fiy - fsdd zum - ce* W. , to determine the relation or proportion of things. fig- sin a ruler, to rule lines with. fiy-le 1. a spot like that of a leop- ard's skin , fig - le - can spotted, speckled; fly -ma* W. id., of variegated woolen fabrics; cos fiy-le nyay cig Mil., the centre of all religion, in which finally all the different sects must unite. 2. zero, naught Wdk. 3. semen virile. 4. contemplation. The two latter significations are mystically connected with each other, as will be seen from a passage of Mil., which is also a fair specimen of the phy- siological and mystical reveries of the more recent Buddhism: yons lus-la ytum-mo Jbdr-bas bde; rlun ro rkyan dhu-tir cud- pas bde; stod byan-cub-sems-kyi rgyun- bab bde; smad ddns-mai fig-le Kydb-pas bde', bar dkar dmar fug prod brt&e - bos bde; lus zay-med-bde-bas fsim-pas bde; de rndl- Jbyor nydms - kyi bde drug lags , he (the Yogi) feels well in general, when the warmth of meditation is kindled (cf. ytum- mo) in his body ; he feels well, when the air enters through r6 - ma and kydii - ma into the dhuti', he feels well in the upper part of his body by the flowing down of the bddhi; he feels well in the lower parts by the spreading of the chyle (chylous fluid, semen) ; he feels well in the middle, by being affected with tender compassion, when the red (the blood in the kydh-ma) and the white (the semen in the ro-ma) unite; the whole body is well, being |-r- 232 tigs-pa vaded by the grateful feeling of sinless- ness; this is the sixfold inental happiness of the Yogi. ncn^r^r fi(js-pa a drop, fiys-pa re-re-nas in drops, by drops Glr.; car- figs a drop of rain; yser-fig-po (sic) Mil. seems to denote a drop or globule of molten gold, which in this form is offered for sale by gold-washers. |C" fin v. O din-ba. fjn'T f^-pa v. Q fib-pa and ytib-pa; fib- fib very dark Sch.; byin-rldbs fibs- fibs Pth. seems to imply the descending of a blessing upon a person; fib(i)-po, mo dense, Cs. or perh. nothing but obscure, dark, nags Stg. fi m ~^ a i a lso O fim-pa, ftvm-pa and stim-pa, gen. with la or ndt't-du, to disappear by being imbibed, absorbed; to evaporate, of fluids; of a snake: to creep away, to disappear in a hole; frq. of the vanishing of rays of lights, of gods etc.; to be melted, dissolved (salt or sugar in water); to sink, dran-med-du into un- consciousness Mil. n- fu 1. num. fig.: 70. 2. *fu yydb-ce* Na W. to spit, with la, to spit at or on. - 3. often erron. for mfu. fu-ba 1. also fu-pa, skirt, coat-flap Glr, - 2. rarely O fu-ba, bad, e.g. wood Mil. ; *gyal - tu* W. good and bad promiscuously; sdug-bsndl fu-ba a bad accident Thgy.; malicious, wicked, vicious Glr. 3. vb., v. O fu-ba. fu-bo ft a chief; an elder brother, Dzl. , Tar. ; tu - mo Cs. : mistress, lady nrn- >c ' *zag fu-mi p. n., v. fon-mi. fu-re uninterrupted Sch. fu-lum a lump of metal B.; W. cannon-ball: fug, C. also *fug-pa*, c. accus. until, to, in reference to time and space; zib-cu fug* for forty days; only col. fug -com Sch.: 'dreadful noise 7 ; Thgr. fug-fsom; Mil. fug-syrd id. fugs fug -pa I. sbst. soup, broth, O bras- fug rice-soup, bag -fug meal- soup, gruel, rgya-fug Chinese soup, a sort of vermicelli-soup 6'.; fug-fdl v. fdl-ba. II. vb. 1. to reach, arrive at, come to, c. dat. or termin., fsei rnfar fug -pa to reach the natural term of life Dzl.\ to come or go as far as Dzl.; riis-pa-la fug- pa to pierce to the quick Dzl. ; si-la fug fse Mil., c ci-bar fug-pa-la Lt. when one is near death; . . . la fug-gi bar - du till, until Dzl., Tar., Pth.; bzun-la fug he was just on the point of seizing her Dzl. ; * 'sad- da fug* W. going to kill; si-la (or bsdd- pa-la) fug-pa often means deserving death (of culprits) Dzl.; fse O po-ba-la fug kyan though life is at stake Dzl.', in like man- ner W. : *lus srog dan fug-te ca dutf he goes at the peril of his life; fug-yas not to be reached, endless 6s. 2. to meet, to light upon, c. la or dan, O prdd-pa, esp. col. *nyi-rdn-la fug-ga-la yoi/s* W. he has come to see you; *fug yin* W. we shall meet again, = till we meet again! a revoir! )dg-pa dan fug -pa Mil. to fall in with robbers; ydon fug -pa fug -pa', ci-la fug run Mil., *ghd-la fug kyan* C. whatever may happen to me; fug-cdd agreement to meet Sch. 3. col. to touch, to hit or strike against, W.: "-rutty -Kan* here it touches, or strikes against; here is the rub; *lag-pa mi fug yin* 1 shall not touch it, I shall not come near with my hand ; *de-la fug kyan ma fug* W. do not even touch it! fugs, resp. for snyin, yid, sems, bsdm- pa, bio etc., and whenever mental qualities or actions are spoken of in respect- ful language, v below. 1. heart, breast, in a physical sense, gen. fugs-ka; fugs - kyi sprul-pa the incarnation of a deity, ori- ginating in a ray of light which proceeds from the breast of that deity Glr. 2. heart, in a spiritual sense, mind, soul, spirit, will, v. below; design, purpose, intention, sbyin-pai fug zlog-tu ysol we beg to desist from the intention of giving Dzl.; under- standing, intellect Glr. (v. sgdm-pa); fugs- 233 tugs fun su cud-pa = K6n-du cud-pa-, fugs-su Q byon- pa to be kept in mind, in memory Mil. ; also = yid-du ^.on-ba ni f. ; cf. Q gro-ba. 3. fugs-la btdys-so v. O dogs-pa. 4. for fugs-rje or bka-drin, fugs mdzdd-pa to grant or show a favour Dzl. 5 in the phrase fugs mi fub-pa, with the genit. of the inf., it is used without ceremonial distinctions for to venture, to risk, to dare Dzl. Comp. fugs-ka v. above fugs-mKyen resp. for mnon - ses Mil. fugs - Jtrugs resp. for Kon-Jcrugs Ma. fugs-dgons = dgons-pa II.; tugs-dgohs ytoh-ba = bsam- blo yton-ba to muse, meditate, reflect Mil. fugs(-su) ^gro-ba resp. for yid-du ^6n- ba to be agreeable; agreeable, pleasant, delightful; pleasure, delight, .. .la in (a thing) Mil. fugs-rgydl resp. anger, wrath, in- dignation Mil., fugs-rgyal bzens anger arises, is roused. fugs-ndn grief, sorrow, afflic- tion Dzl. fugs-ces-pa resp. for yid-ces- pa to believe. tugs-rje prop, respectful word for snyin-rje pity, commiseration, com- passion; gen. grace, mercy, generosity, na- la fugs-rje(s} yzigs pray, look graciously upon me! Mil; even thus: sd-bon zig fugs - rje yzigs dgos, pray, be so kind as to send me some seeds! W. fugs-rjes O dzin-pa, fugs-rje mdzdd-pa id. fugs- rje -can gracious, merciful, generous. - (lha) fugs-rje cen-po the All - merciful, Awalokiteswara. fugs-dam, prop. resp. for yi-dam, 1. oath, vow, solemn promise, e.g. bed - ba to take (an oath), to make (a vow). 2. a prayer, a wish in the form of a prayer, = smon-lam. \\. contemplation, the act of contemplating a deity (cf. sgom- pa and sgrub-pa); meditation in general, Mil. frq., fugs -dam O pel meditation in- creases, proceeds successfully; devotion. 1. a deity, a tutelar god or saint, a patron Glr. - fugs-nyid v. sems-nykl, sub sems. - fugs-mug resp. for yi(d)-mug despair. - fugs bde-ba, mi bde-ba, v. bde-ba. fugs- ytsigs-pa to be cautious Sch.\ v. however ytsigs-pa. fugs-brtse-ba love, affection of the heart, compassion, resp. for ba, frq., fugs-brtse-bar dgons-pa, yzigs-pa, with la, to look upon compassionately, to remember in mercy. fugs-rob Sch. = ses-rdb. fugs-n'ts Alii. = snyiti-i'us. fuys-(kyi} sras Mil, Tar., spiritual son, an appellation given to the most distinguished scholars of saints. fu ~n a * nree y ears ' c ' f animals Sch. fun-ba, col. fun-itu, Ld. *fuh-se*, short, relative to space, time, quan- tity of vowels etc.; fun-itu ^/ro-ba to be- come shorter ; but the word is not so much used as 'short' is in English; yid fun-ba Dzl., spro fun-ba Wdn. passionate, hot- tempered, hasty. -- fud cheese made of buttermilk, or of NS ' cur-pe, butter and milk Ld., Glr., Pth.; ^o-fud milk -cheese, made of curd, or of milk coagulated with runnet. qj- fun I. a regular amount, a fixed quan- ts ' tity 1. of time, a certain length of time, as long as a man is able to work without resting, a Shift, six, four, or three hours; Schf. translates Tar. 67, 17 even by one hour; a night-watch, mel-fse fun O fcor the night - watch is over Dzl. ; fun bzii rnal-Jbyw the meditation of a whole day Mil. ; *fun cdd - ce* W. (the cock) announces the watch (by crowing); fun bzun-ba Pth. prob. to have the watch; nam-gyi gun-fun-la at or about midnight; srod-kyi gun-fun-la Mil. prob. id. 2. a dose of medicine Med. frq. fun-log ? II. in sorcery : bodies or substances which are supposed to be possessed of magic virtues, such as sand, barley, cer- tain seeds etc., fun- don a hole in which such substances are concealed; fun-rd a horn to carry them; fun ?so-ba to revive a charm Mil nt. III. one who collects, a gatherer (from fu - ba ) , sin - fun one who picks up or gathers sticks Mil. ; rtsa - fun a gatherer of grass , snye - fun a gatherer of ears of corn Cs.; fun-zor reaping-hook, sickle Sch. IV. fun, or more frq. tun-mon(s\ usual, 15* 234 fub-pa daily, what is done or is happening every day; common, general, diws-gmb fun-moiis earthly goods, as well as intellectual en- dowments, considered as common property, but not spiritual gifts; fun-min, tun-moi>s ma yin-pa unusual, uncommon, not for every body; *cig-la cig fun-mon co* take good care to live together in harmony W. ; fun- moh-du or su in common, in company, jointly; fun -mo it by itself is also used as adv., = fun-spyir, in general. O*T fub-pa (i[e^) I. vb., c. accus., SO- NS metimes c. ^lat., 1. to get the better of, to be able to cope with, to be a match for (an enemy), to be able to stand or bear (the cold etc.), to be able to do one harm, to get at One, dug-gis ma fub-cin as the poison could not do him any harm DzL; to be able to quench, extinguish, keep off e.g. fire, hail Glr. ; fZdn-gyis mi fub-pa invincible, not to be overcome; nan dgu fub-pa to be able to subdue every thing that is bad Lt.; to have under one's com- mand or control, to keep under, e.g. one's own body; to be able to bear, e.g. mis fub-par dka (water from a glacier) is not easily borne by man, i.e. does not agree with him Med. ; ras rkyan fub - pa to be able to bear a simple cotton dress Mil.] lo bi'gya fub-pa to live to (the age of) a hundred years, frq. 2. with a supine or verbal root, to be able, col. the usual word, in B. gen. nus-pa; cf. "/tub-pa. II. sbst. 1. ijT^r a mighty one, one having power and authority, sa-kya-fub-pa Buddha; a wise man, a sage, a saint in general, jjf^f. 2. symb. num. for 7. nxyxjy fum(s), also fum-pa Cs., fum-po : Sch. t 1. cover, covering, wrapper, of a book or a parcel; rgydb-pa Sch. to put (a cover round a thing), to wrap up; *sig-pa* C., W., *sdn -pa* C. to take off (a covering); fum-can having a cover. 2. a parcel wrapped up (in paper etc.); O bru-tan-fum bcas together with a small parcel of tea. T fum-pa 1. v. fum. 2. v. ynyid. n$rq* fum-bu, fom-bu a large spoon, a ladle; rag -fum a brass ladle, zans-tum a copper ladle. nr' fur 1. 6s. a declivity (?), prob. only NO adverbially: down; fur -lam a down- hill road; fur-la, fur-du down, downward, O gr6-ba to go down, nub-pa to sink down; mgo fur-du bstdn-te head down, head over heels Sty. ; *t-i-pi fur-la sub-ce* W. to un- cock one's cap. 2. v. fur -mgo, and fur-ma. TCf fur -mgo 1. the tip of a spoon, fur-mgo fsam as a measure Mil. - 2. also for-mgo halter, *fur-go cug-ce* W. to bridle, to bit (a horse); * fur -la fen-ce* W. to strive, to struggle against; to rear. fur- fag the rein, fur-mfa the end of the rein. ^-x- nr ^ tiir _ m foa | ? C0 |t, fjiiy. N5 fur-ma, W. *fur-rnan*, 1. spoon. 2. Chinese chopsticks. 3. a pole Dzl. 9V9-, 4. 4. a whole class of surgical instruments S.y. qor ful 1. egg (ace. to Cunningham a NS Cashmiri word), ful-ta-gir pancake. 2. v. O dul-ba, also substantively : ful de min besides this way of converting (people) Pth.; ful Jg-tu jug -pa Tar. 25, 16 to keep a tight hand over a person, to dis- cipline one; zin-gi ful O debs-pa Ld.-Glr. to clear land for tillage, ni f. fiil-pa, Cs. also ful-po, dress made of the skins of animals, a furred coat or cloak Mil lug-ful dress of sheep- skin, rd-ful dress of goat-skin, ful-lu the common sheep-skin dress ; *ful - can* W. wide, not fitting close or tight. nq-q- ful-ba 1 . pf. to O dul-ba, to tame, curb, NO check, restrain, Mil. : nds O dre-rnams ful-nas the goblins having been subdued by me; las nyon-mons ful-ba dka it is difficult to check a sinful deed Mil. ; parti- ciple: tamed, civilized; converted. 2. to roll or wind up /,//. or fi<l-l e Ld. impressive, nearly the same as tur-rc. f us-pa 1. bad = fit-ba, prov.; 2. v. 9 fu-ba. jgj" fe 1. for fe-mo; 2. num.: 100. cr"Tr fe-rffy scruple, doubt, uncertainty, ' hesitation, occasionally used for fe- fsom. ern* ^- ~ b a -> V- a ^ so *^' ~ ba*, pf- fes $cA., the col. syn. of y toys-pa, seldom in It., 1. to belong, appertain to, c. la. 2. to occupy one's self with a thing, to meddle with, to interfere, c. dan (= dri-ba); fe- mKan belonging together, c. la, belonging to a thing; *ma-fe-a* W. for ma-fe-bar, - ma -y togs -par', fe-reg the connexion or relation of ownership, di-la ydb-kyi fe- irij ined to this my father has no claims Mil. nt. 3j.^i. ft -bo, fe-bon W. thumb, v. feb-mo. fe-mo, col. fe-tee, diminutive feu, resp. pyag-fe seal, signet, stamp, *fe-tse yydb-ce, or ndn-ce* to seal, to. stamp; sa- fe Tar. 79, 12(?); *fe-tse lag-kor tdn-wa* to engage, to bind one's self by a seal in some common concern. fa-t*dm doubt, scruple, uncertainty, perplexity, fe-fsom skyes, byed(W. : "co*), za, fe-fsom-du gyur I am doubtful; fe-fsom za-ba-rnams scrupulous, irresolute persons Pth.; * fe-fsom man-po rag* W. I am in great perplexity, I am quite at a loss; fe-fsom ziy O dri-ba to utter a doubt Dzl " fe-ran v. feu-raii. g.^. fe-rc col. straight, upright, firm ; smooth, without folds or wrinkles; fe-re fin C. draw (the carpet) smooth. fe-rel W. incomplete, defective, un- finished, fe-i*el-la lus son (the loaf) is not whole, there has already been cut from it. co - feg-pa 1. sbst. -qrrr, 1 vehicle, car- riage, riding-beast, rtai feg-pa-la zon he mounted on horseback Dzl; f(>y-pa l/'ta- f>r;/i/d bsams he procured five hundred con- veyances (horses, elephants, cuiTmges) />:/. 235 2. for attaining to salvation, feg-pa ysum three conveyances are generally mentioned, but in most cases only two are specified, viz. feg-(pa) dman (-}></*), ^ji^H . and feg(-pa) ?.en-po, flfT^'R, ^en. called 'the little and the great conveyance or vehicle', by means of which the distant shore of salvation may be reached. Yet mention is also made of a sndgs-kyi feg-pa, 4Jr(tJH mantraydna, e.g. Tar. 180, 13. For more particulars about these vehicles, and other more or less confused and contradictory notions, the works of Koppen and esp. Wasiljew may be consulted. II. vb. 1. to lift, raise, hold up, support Mil., Glr.; hence Kri-fegs leg of a table Sch.', feg-Kug C. knapsack, travelling-bag. - 2. to raise, set up fig. bsad-gdd to raise a loud laugh Mil. 3. most. frq. to be able to carry, )i feg-pa as much as you are able to carry Dzl.', mis feg-fsddycig as much as one man is able to carry Tar.; esp. with a negative: ma fey he was not able to hold him up Dzl.; mi-feg fcur to carry what is too heavy to be carried (by ordinary muscular strength), to strain one's self by lifting, Med.; to endure, tolerate, stand, K6n-rnams-kyi nan ma fey-par not being able to stand their urgent demands Mil. ; to bear, to undergo without detriment, skyid feg sdtig fey to be able to bear good fortune and ill fortune. Cf. O te'gs-pa, ^legs- pa. - cjt-. fen 1 fen -ro Mil., *sa-fen* Ld., the dead body of an animal killed by beasts of prey. 2. *fen -la* C. down, downward, e.g. *kyur-wa, yug-pa, bor-ica*, to fling down. ftn-po l*t/i., fi-H-ltti Sch., *f?n-K-an* W., lame, hobbling, limping. feu* time, times, fi'/>.s Ina five times Pth. ; dl>K<i* - fens ciy - la in one breathing, at ;i stivtrh; without inter- mission Pth. cj- fen 1. a little while, a moment. 2. v. ' O fen-pa. r t,'n-i><i tax, duty, impost S<7*. 236 feb If a)" fo-le 9q. feb 1. for fern, full Glr. 2. for fabs Glr., C. 3. feb -mo, feb-cen the thumb, feb-cun the little finger; v. mfe-bon. febs series, order, succession ScA., febs-re byed-pa to do successively; v. O febs-pa. fern-pa I. 1. threshold, rgdl-ba to cross it G7r. ; sgo - fern door - sill, threshold; yd -fern head -piece of a door- frame, lintel, ma - fern sill , threshold Glr. - 2. staircaise, stairs, flight of steps, fem- skds id.; *fem-so* W. step, stair; fern -rim Cs. 1. the several steps of a staircase. 2. rank, dignity. rdo-fem stone staircase; It'or-fem winding stairs 6s. II. 1 . to be full, complete, zla-dus fern-pa dan when the time of the months was fulfilled Glr. frq. ; zag ycig ma fem-pa-la one day being still wanting Glr.; brgya fern -pa v. fam- paGlr. 2. W.: to be sufficient, enough. - 3. to receive (?) Sch. III. Sch. = fen-pa, tax, impost, tribute. fem-bu, fem-fsans stopping, closing, shutting up; a stoppage Sch. rms-yig Sch. memorial. nQ'^r* feu-ran Glr., fe-brdn Lt., fe-rdn Ma., a sort of demons. n^- fer 1. bald, bare, spyi-fer Thyy. a bald head; a bald-headed person; fer -fer C. flat. 2. = fe-re(T) pyi fer nan gog strong and hale outside, decayed within Mil.; fei*-zug-pa = rtdg-pa Thgr. fer- bumSch. 1000000000; fer- O bum-cen-po 10 000 000 000. ejr'&r fer-ma a kind of thin woollen cloth, a flannel-like fabric, le-ter made of shawl-wool, bal-fer of common wool. QQT fel for fe-li, rag-tel C. a plate made of latten brass. fel-ba W. frq. = sleb -pa to arrive, cf. fdl-ball., 4. fel-se Sch, and Wts. a seal, stamp, = fe-tse. fes-pa Sch. pf. to fe-ba; = fes-bsun Lt.? & fo 1. num. for 130. 2. register, list, catalogue, index; fo Jbri-ba to register, to make out a list or catalogue Schr. sleb- fo, Jbyun-to account of receipts, son-fa, bitd- fo, skydg-fo account of expenditures; btdn- fo account of money or goods lent out; nyo-fo account of goods bought, bill; lo-fo calendar, almanac; dei Idg-tu prin-bor-fo list of orders or directions given to him (lit. laid down in his hands); dei rgyud- la fob-fo a list of things which his relations shall receive. fo-gdr Pth.\ ace. to Sch. the Turko- mans; Tar. 18, Schf. : Tukhara, name of a people in the northwest of India; prob. the Togarmah of the Bible. to-co Mil, a foolish joke, unbefitting a sensible man. fo-pyi Schr. loveC?), in Pth. it seems to signify the sky. to-ba, mfo-ba, a large hammer. fo-bas rdun - ba to hammer, to forge; rdo-fo a stone hammer, sin-fo a wooden hammer, mallet; *fo-cuh* 1. an ordinary hammer. 2. the cock of a gun. - 3. a soldering-stick. Lh. fo- fsdm-pa to scorn, scoff, jeer, sneer at, vex, insult, mock, c. la, by words DzL, also by actions DzL; snan- cud to- fsdm-pa bzod-par ysol pardon our having sneered at you before! Mil. ; also mfo-mfsdm-pa, -btsdm-pa, -brtsdm-pa. fo-yor stone pyramid, heap of stones (cairn). fo-rdits 1. dawn, break of day, early morning, to-miis(-kyi} dus-su early in the morning; 2. the following, the next morning, c. genit. ; both also adverbially: de dan mjal-bai fo-rd?lson the morning after having met him. s* f6-re W. to-morrow (B., C. san). fo-re-ba, tor-tsdl Cs. : a few; Mil., fog-re-tsal a little while. fo-lum v. - f o-le 1. to-U O debs-pa to spit, c. la, at or on Pth. (cf. fu). 2. button C. 3. fo-le dkdr-po C. chalk. 4. fo-le- rgyal Mil. ? to-My 237 fo-% C. mule, hinny. cj^n. % I. what is uppermost 1. roof, % ' Jbubs-pa to cover with a roof, to roof (a house) frq. ; fog ^gel-ba id. ; also fig. to complete, to crown a thing Mil.; *fog-sa ndn-ce* W. to roof, to finish a roof by beating and stamping down the earth or sods, of which the covering consists; fog- rdzis yton-ba Mil. id. ; also fig. to impress, c. genit., Mil *fog-kdr* W., the opening for the smoke in a roof. fog- can having a roof, * fog -yog* W. under cover. - 2. ceiling; yd-fog ceiling, md-fog floor of a room. 3. story, dgu-fog having nine stories or floors, frq. 4. in a general sense : fog Q dren-pa Mil to be at the head, to lead, direct, govern ; fog - Kar, W. *Ka- fog-la*, on, upon, Kydg-fog-Kar on the ice Glr.; fog-tu, and tog-fog adv. up, up to; above; ydn-fog-tu in the uppermost place, quite at the top, Glr.; postp. c. genit. (or accus.) 1 . on, upon, e.g. to lay on, to place upon Pth.; sems fog-tu Iji-bar byuu-nas lying heavy, weighing heavily, upon one's mind Glr.; nai fog-tu byun my heart was smitten (by that); that has touched, has grieved my heart Mil. ; fog-tu Kel-ba Mil, vb. act. to it. 2. above Glr. 3. towards, in the direction of, e.g. running towards, mai fog-tu Dzl.-, yd-fog, md-fog ad. above, below, or up to, up stairs, and down, down stairs Mil. 4. to, e.g. to send to Dzl. 5. dmag-fog at the head of the army, or only with the army. 6. during, as long as, throughout; whilst (fog gen. without -tu}, dgun - fog throughout the whole winter ; *dir d-Ku sem fser fog* whilst her husband is here in great anxiety Ld.; bgros-fog during the walk. Cf. also na-og, pi-fog as sbst. : morning, evening, forenoon, after- noon W. 7. directly after, bzos-foy ^6 -ma fresh milk, S.g. (s.l.c.). fog-nas 1. above, more than, *lo nab-cw fog-ne ma lus* I^d. they remained, i.e. lived not more than fifty years. 2. on the part of, Thgy., analogous to pyogs-nas. II. thunderbolt, lightning ; fog dan str-ba lightning and hail, fog-s&r - gyi ynod-pa damage done by the elements; % Jbdb- pa lightning descending, rgyab-pa striking, fog-bdbs-m O by6n-pa to arrive, to approach quick or suddenly like lightning Tar., resp.; fog gis ysod-pa S.g., fog bdb-ste O ci-ba Do. to be killed by lightning. III. 1. fruit, produce, dkdr-fog \. dkdr- po; zirt-fog produce of the fields Dzl.; lo- tog a year's produce; sin-fog produce of a tree or other plant, fruit; ysat'-fdg this year's crop%.; tog-pud first-fruits, as an offering; fog-sds id.(?). 2. W. fortune, wealth, property, *nul-li fog* property in money, cash in hand; (s)pi-fog common property, property belonging to a com- munity. IV. in ma-fog(-fse) for ma fag, col. and Thgy., s. I. c., v. fag. Cf. also fog-fdg, fog-ma, togs-pa. oqraqy fog-fdg^ prob. augmentative of 1 fog, v. fog-tu 6, also fag -fog, during, as long as, throughout; quite, mfsan fog-fdg-tu all night long; nyi-ma-ycig-gi bdr-du fog-fdg during a whole day; lam fog-fdg gdn-no the roads were quite full (of snow) Dzl. $pr$j- fog -ma what is uppermost, 1. the upper end, the uppermost place, <///- gyi fog-ma-la O dug - go they sat down in the first, or uppermost, place Dzl gen. 2. origin, beginning; fog-mai saiis-rgyds kun- tu-bzdn-po Adibuddha Samantabhadra, so a deity is called, by which a prayer has been appointed that is supposed to be particularly efficacious; fog-ma co-rigs mf 6- ba of noble birth, as regards his origin Dzl. ; fog-ma btsds-pai fse-na, fog-ma btsds- nas, fdg-ma skyes-nas already at his birth, from his very birth Dzl.', fog-ma med-pa- nas, dus fog-med-nas time out of mind, from eternity; fog-ma-nas from the very beginning; of itself; as a matter of course Dzl.', bsubs-pai fog-fdg- la as soon as they began to fill up Glr.; fog-mfa-bar-du at first, later, in conclusion (lit. in the be- ginning, end, and middle) Li.; most frq. tog-mar 1. at first, first, the Lat. priiuum, 238 fog-fsdd primo, and primus. 2. postp. c. genit. before, with respect to time Mil. fog- drans-pa Pth., Gl>\, Sch.i 'at first, begun'; our Lama explained it by 'to lead, to guide', v. fog I, 4. cjzn-^r- fog - tsdd W. story (of a house) ; ' fog-so Mil nt. id. s v. O dogs-pa, and O fogs-pa. fogs-pa, c. la, to strike, stumble, run against (like fug-pa v. 3); to be hindered, impeded, delayed, frq. : mi Kyi gdn - laan fogs -pa med - du without being hindered by men, dogs, or anything else Mil. ; foys-pa-med-pa, fogs-med, fogs-brdugs- (or(b)rtuc/-)med-pa, %*{$ not hindered, un- impeded, unchecked; all-searching, all-pene- trating. |(6" fon, fon-sol a plough. Ij*P* fon-Ka Mil, fon-ga MrigJ |j-q- fon-pa 1. Cs. a ploughman. 2. 6s.: 'a ram that is castrated, wether; ra- fon a castrated he-goat'; according to my authorities, however, fon-pa, and ra-fi'n't signify a ram and he - goat one year old, fon - fser and ra - fser being the feminine forms (?) 3. fon-pai lo Mil. the years between childhood and manhood, juvenile years, Sch. fon-po, cf. Kyog-fon. 'fT fon-spu mane of the camel Sch. fons-pa Mil.? g- tod 1. Cs. a head-ornament, crown; gen. J the usual covering for the head in the East, turban, la-fod Glr. id.; dbu-fod resp.; sd-yig fod-du bciiis-pai ka the letter k having for a crown the letter s: S Zam. - 2. = fog L: *go-fo* C. over or above the door; Jca-fod-la, Ka-fog-la, tfa-tod-la, up, upon Ld. 3. threshold, yd-fod, md- fod = yd-re, md-re. 4. v. fod-pa. 5. fod-rgdl ce-ba (fon?) Mil., ace. to the con- text: angry, wrathful. 6. fod-fod v. su. Ijr-rr fod-pa 1. skull, cranium; skull of a ' dead person, death's head ; fod-skdm a dry skull, fod-rlon a fresh skull Thgr. ; fob-pa fod-Krdg a skull filled with blood Thgr.; fod-por a drinking -cup made of a skull. - 2. col. forehead, brow; fod-rtsd vena frontalis Lt. ; fod-cins, fod-Kebs, tod-brgydn, turban. .... f.od-le-kor Lex. alabaster: Tar. 67, 18 Schf. = ^fe^t chalk c|i- ton v. O fon-pa and O don-pa; fon-pa C. ' also : good, fair, beautiful; smrd-bar fon- pa eloquent. H*"^j- fon-mi, or fu-mi sam-bho-ta n. of the minister that was sent to India by king Sronbtsansgampo, in order to pro- cure an alphabet for writing. SpJ' fob 1. v. tob-pa. 2. v. O debs-pa. - tob-cu Schr., *fob-ce, tob-ci, teb-cu* C., button (v. tob-ci). -rt- fob-pa I. vb. (synon. to myed-pa, and exclusively in use in W.) 1. to find, frq. 2. to get. obtain, nas fob 7^., i(d-la fob col., I find, I get; fob -par O gyur-ba id.; to partake of. to come to. dad-pa faith (to come to the faith) Mil.; to obtain, to get possession of, to subject to one's power Dzl. ; da-drdg fob-mfdr Gram.: after (words) that have got a da-di'd<j; sans-rgyds, rgydl-po, bddg-po, fob-pa (lit. to get the Buddha etc.) to become a Buddha, a king, a lord ; *cag - dzod fob - ce* W. to become frq. (cf. rgydl-po'). II. sbst. that which has been got or obtained: the sum. result, of a calculation etc. Wdn. III. *fob-ce(s)* W. adj. that which is to be got or received, e.g. *bulon fob-ces- si bun-yig* a list of demands to be called in, of money owing. Comp. fob-rgydl byed-pa to rob, pillage, plunder (?) Sck.; fob-cd the share which one gets C. fob - fan C's. 'income, re- venue 1 ; more accurately: that which falls to one's share, as a reward or pay, for work, services etc., e.g. bits of cloth or silk, which a tailor may keep for himself. - fob-nor 1. share, quota. 2. quotient. - fob-bio C. desire, bkiir-sti fob-pa ambition Schr. fob - fsir (lit. the turn of getting, 239 fom-bu receiving) claim, right; duty, due, fob-fsir nd-la yod 1 have a claim, a right to it W.; * fob-fsir td/i-ce* W. to give each his share in his turn (prop. ace. to the due turn). fob-rim Glr. id. tob-yiy re- pertory, index. fob-srol prob. = fob-fsir, right of succession C. fob-sd C. contest, quarrel, strife; scramble, e. g. for money thrown among the people. dXJ'JT fom-bu = fum-bu. foms-pa v. O foms-pa. or foi'-g<M; a Mongol tribe. for-myo v. fur-myo. , I^gfiw for -*fc * N= I do - far) a plaited tuft of hair, toupet, Lex.: co-toi for -coy, for- coy dar sna Ina bcins Pth. he bound his tuft of hair with a silk string of five colours; prob. ytsuy-tor q.v ; for-to(r') Lex. id. ox/^r for-pa, also O for-pa Med., the small- pox Sch.; in Si(: for - ba signifies pimple, pustule, but the usual word for this is .srm-fov, aud in W. *pul-for* has a similar meaning, whereas for-bu Med. de- notes a whole class of diseases, comprising dyspepsy and cutaneous disorders. dmar- for measles Sch. mfa ;*q* for-ba 1. v. O tor-ba. 2. v. for-pa. for-bu single, separate; Tar. 120, 19: prd - mo for -bu-pa separate little works, books Schf. B *^r for - mo the growing fat of cows, goats etc. in consequence of steril- ity Sch. QJ"n* fol-ba 1. v. O fol-ba, pf. to rtol-ba, what has come forth, what has been raised, elevated (?) Sch. cf. fol-fol M/'ty.; fol-b\jiih to arise, to begin, suddenly Sch. fos-pa 1. vb. to hear B., C. (W. *fsdr-ce*}, ryydl-po zig-gi ytam fos- sam, or only ryydl-po ziy fos-sam Dzl. have you heard of a king? Jbros-so zer-bai ytam ryyal-poi snydn-du tos-so it came to the king's hearing that he had escaped. Glr. 2. adj. mdn-du fos-pa far-famed, renowned, frq.; ma fos-pa unheard of; tos-yrol the title of a book which is read to the soul of a deceased person (*fo-dhol* C., *fo-<J6t* W.), and the full title of which is: fos- pa tsdm-yyis yrol-ba fob-pai cos a doctrine by the hearing of which a man is instantly saved Thyr.\ fos-cun Mil. hearing little. frig-trig the creaking of shoes. qcn* twag Ld. the sharp sound, the crack- ing, which is heard, when a branch of a tree is breaking off; cf. tsa-rdg and Idim. mfan Cs. : the lower part of the body, mf aii -yds a vestment for it, a sort of petticoat (ace. to others : toga) worn by Lamas. mfa (cf. fd-ma) 1. end, ending, 1. re- lative to space: edge, margin, brink, brim, of a well Glr., skirt of a forest, gen. mfd-ma; limit, bound, border, confines, fron- tiers, mfa skor-ba to go round the confines (of a place) ; mfd-las O dds-pa exceeding all bounds, very great, e.g. sduy-bsndl Thgr.\ used even thus : ryydl-po bzuys-pai mfd-la bskor to walk round him that sits on a throne Glr., po. ; adverbially : de-mfa round this (mountain) Mil.; mfa dbus kun-tu in the whole country (in the frontier districts and in the central parts); mfai ryyal-Kams neighbouring or border- country; mfa id., e.g. mfa bzi the four border-countries, i.e. all the surrounding territory, frq.; mfai nor the treasures of the border-country Glr. ; mfai dmay border - war. ; in the Tibetan part of the Himalaya mountains mfa de- notes in a special sense Hindoostan; in grammar: termination, na ma ra In rnams mfd-can words ending in n, m, r, 1; (ja-mfd a final g. 2. relative to time: btUt* pai mta Dzl. the termination of a Kalpa; dus-mfdi me \he conflagration at the end of the world, the ecpyrosis ; in a more general sense: mfa nan-pas as this will end badly; mta ycig-tu Wdii. and Tar. 4,7 Sch.: on the one hand, in part, in a certain degree, in some respect; &/*/'.: 'schlechthin' (V) - 240 mta mfu mfa-ycod-pa final or definitive sentence or judgment Sch.; dei mfa ycod-pai pyir in order to settle it definitely, viz. by counter- proof, Gram,- ydn-dag-mfa the true end, i.e. objective truth Was. (297); the rest, remainder, re - dogs - kyi mfa span having given up also the last remnant of fear and hope Glr., cf. mfa - dag; mfa - ru, mfar 1. towards the end, towards the boundary or the neighbouring country; at the end etc. ; mfar fug - pa to reach , to attain to the end, frq.; fsei mtar fug-pai grans the number of those that reach the (natural) end of life DzL; mfar - fug - pa - med - pa inexhaustible DzL ; mtdr-pyin-pa (rarely mfar-Jcyil-ba) id.; also absolutely as sbst. mfdr-pyin-pa a perfect, a holy person, a saint; mfar -ton -pa id. (?) Mil; mfdr- byed-pa to give a work its finish 6'., (Sch. : 'to destroy, demolish'?) 2. adv. lastly, finally, in conclusion DzL, Thgy.\ perh. also to the very last, wholly, altogether. 3. postp. with genit. after, behind, rgyal-rdbs sum-brgydi mfar after 300 royal generations Glr. ; sd- mtar sin, sin is to be written after a final s, Gram. 2. aim, purpose Cs. 3. system, opinion Tar. 107, 4 Schf., perh. for grub- mfa. Comp. and deriv. mfd-klas-pa Cs. = mfd- med-pa, yet v. mtas. mta-skor circum- ference, perimeter, v. 'dpag - fsdd. mfa- Jiob v. Jiob. mfa-gru Glr. 42 ? mfa- rgyds very wide Schr. mfa-lcags frame, of a mirror etc. Schr. mfa- cog Med.? mfa-rten final consonant Gram.; mta- rten-med-pa ending with a vowel Gram. mfa-fig boundary line Sch. mfa-fog- fdg unceasing (?) Sch. mtd-dag several, sundry ; all, frq. ; man - fsig mfa - dag the plural sign mfa-dag Gram. mta-draiis Gram.? mfa ma the end, grdl-gyi mfd- mai bu-mo the girl at the end of the row (opp. to the middle or the other end, not necessarily to th beginning, like mjug-ma}\ border, hem, seam, of dresses Dzl. ; den mfoii- ba mfa -ma to-day we see (him) for the last time Glr. (fd-ma would be more cor- rect, like Dzl. ?9) 16). mfa-mal-pa sometimes for fa - mal - pa. mfd - mi borderer; neighbouring people. mfd med- pa, mfd - yas - pa infinite, endless. mfa- yseb Wdn.? T mfar 1. v. mfa. 2. for far. mfar - skyol the bringing to an end, carrying through, persistence, perseverance Mil. mfdt '- ( Ji/ is b Y turns > successively, Dzl.\ by degrees, gradually. infos-kiwi Zam. = H^?T, border, limit? cf. mfa compounds. mfin ace. to Cs. : 'indigo', and 'mfih- sin indigo - plant' ; ace. to a Lama from Lhasa however: 1. mountain - blue (which is found, together with malachite, in the hills near Lhasa). 2. from the resemblance : indigo-colour (whereas indigo as a substance is rams), and esp. a light sky-blue, azure; cf. mfon-mfin. mtin-ril, Lex. a certain bird; Sch. : a sort of wild duck; ace. to Pth. a smaller bird. mtiu v. mfeu. f a vessel, of the sea; floor, of a room Glr.; foundation, of a house. 2. the lower side of a thing; inner or lower part of a thing, Idg-mfil (resp. pyag-mfil} the palm of the hand; lag-mfil- na in the closed hand ; lag - mtil gan a closed handful ; rkan-mfil (resp. zabs-mfil} the sole of the foot ; lham - mtil the sole of a shoe ; mfil bzi the palms of the hands, and the soles of the feet. 3. the back- ground, the far end, of a cave, a tunnel etc. - 4. C.: the centre, the principal or chief part, of a town; the principal place, chief city, capital, of a country. 5j. mfu 1. power, force, strength, of the NO body, of the mind, of Buddha, of a prayer, of witchcraft etc. ; ability, power or authority to do a thing; mfu dan Iddn-pa strong, powerful, efficacious, able etc., mfu- med powerless, feeble, unable; *mi za fu me* C. I must eat it; bsgrub-7ni-nus-mfu-med-la son we must be able to fulfil it Mil.: mfu- 241 mfo-ba zig-yis by an extraordinary manifestation of power or strength DzL; klui mfu yin that is an effect of the Lus, is produced, comes from the Lus Sty. ; mfits by virtue Of, frq. ; mfu - stobs = mfu. 2. magic, witchcraft, mfu jtoii-ba Mil., mfu O debs-pa, *tdb-ce* W., to practise witchcraft, to in- jure a person by magic spells, to bewitch Mil. and col. frq.; mfu ser brtad fsum- po rdzogs-par bslabs conjuring, raising tempests, exorcising ghosts, all these things I have learned thoroughly Mil.; mfu-bo- ce high-potent, high and mighty Tar. mfug v. %. mfud-pa v. O fud-pa mfun-pa, also O fun - pa, to agree, to harmonize; agreement, harmony; agreeing etc., 1. in a general sense, c. c- (I ait, . . yin-par don mfun-no they agree in the opinion of her being . . . Glr.; mfun- l>(ir byed-pa to make agree, to bring to an agreement, to make consistent, mf tin- par O f/yi'ir-ba to be made agreeing or consistent Glr. ; dgons-pa ycig-tu mfun-pa unanimous; lhai lugs dan mfun god -like (in deeds) Glr. ; rigs mfun-pa of equal birth; lo mfun- pa of the same age, contemporary; bio mfun-te being of the same mind, similarly disposed, cos byd-bar with respect to re- ligion Glr.; Ka mfun-par with one mouth, iji'ox in f ii it -par with one accord, unani- mously, as one man; grabs mfun-pa to live in harmony; to be adequate, correspond- ing to. e.g. yid (dan} mfun-par, resp. fugs (lnii mfun-par, to one's wish, as one could desire = yid bzin-du; nad dan mf fin-par corresponding to the disease, fit or proper for the disease. -- 2. in a special sense 1. viz. yid dan, to be wished for, desirable. particularly in mfun-rkytn, v. rkyen; also: to wish, to like, to delight in, Kyed-nwm*- /y//-s mfini-pai rdzas things wished for by you, desirable to you Mil.; 2. with or without yciy-la yl-ig: mfitn-nas whenever they (the two nations) lived in peace with cadi other (opp. to Jtin-nai) Glr.; mft'tn- p(i> ytain byed-pa to converse amicably Glr. , to enter into negotiations of peace Glr.; mfun-par byed-pa 1. v. above, 2. to caress, to fondle, to dandle Glr.: sin-tu ntft'iH-par yod they are on the best terras with each other, are making love to each other Glr.; mfun-po bsdad Q dug col. id.; mfun-po byed-pa to be kind, affable, con- descending Mil. (opp. to being proud, cold, reserved) : rgya bod jnyis mfun ^oh there will be a good understanding between China and Tibet Glr.; mi mfun-^pai pyogs fams- cdd-las rgydl-ba to gain the victory over all the hostile parties; mfun- gfjur-gyi yi- ge C. letter of recommendation; mfun-can W. gentle, peaceful. * mfui\ also mtiir-mgo, v. fur-mgo, halter, rta-mfur Lex. id.; mfur-fdg rein, reins Sch.; mfur-mfd the end of the reins, e.g. to place them into the hands of another. " mfus v. mfu 1. ^tq.gi' mfe-bo, col. mfe'-bo/i, mfe-cen, mfi'b- mo (v. also fe bo), thumb, rkdn-pai mfe'-bo the big toe; mfeb-cun the little finger, the little toe Glr. agn- mfeu 1. a little hammer; 2. mfeu-ciin - the little toe. j^ mfo 1. a span, from the end of the thumb to the end of the middle finger when extended; mfo jdl-ba or yzdl- ba, W. *tdb-ce*, to span, to measure by the hand with the fingers extended; mfo ydn, mfo re team a span (in length), mfo do two spans. 2. v. mfo-ba. mfo -yon a little triangular re- ceptacle into which the likeness of an enemy is placed, to whom one wishes to do harm by witchcraft W. tib earnest-money IT. 1. to be high: highness, height; high, lofty, elevated. />'. (<'. / />;//-/) , frq. fig.; rigs a'-:/<'i mf<> - /><i - *'>' bfinir <>< high and noble birth D:l.\ <!<'- /as mfo-ba more elevated than that, surpassing. >m- mountiiiir ili:: c. accus. or instruin., high IG 242 mfor't-ga mfon-po as to (stature, rank etc.) mfo-na when I am high, when I rise; mfo-ba ynon-pa to lower what is high, to bring down, to humble, frq.; -/'HIS mfo-mfo byas-pas dma- dmd byun the more I was aspiring, the more I was brought low Pth. sbyin-pa mfo-ba Stg. was explained: gifts or alms bestowed from a sincere heart. 2. hammer, v. fo-ba; mfo-po-tog a stone used as a hammer Cs. Comp.: mfo-Kyad height, highness Dzl - info-dogs, Pth. (together with yyo-sgyu, and prag - dog} perh. mistrust, suspicion; * ton - dod - can* W. ambitious, aspiring, aiming at things too high. mfo - spyod W. a haughty manner. mfo-dmdn I. Cs. high and low, uneven; also Schr. 2. height, mfo-dmdn mnydm-pa of equal height Glr. mfo- fsdm(s)-pa v. fo- fsdm-pa. mfo- ris heaven, abode of the gods, paradise. Elysium. m ^ 0fl ~9 a & c h-> mfons-Ka Pth., chest. breast, mfori - ga - nas O dzm-pa to seize by the breast Pth. mfon-ba to see, 1. vb. n. to have the power of vision, often with mig(-gis); mfon-bar O gyur-ba to obtain the faculty of seeing, to recover one's sight; mfon-bar byed-pa to make (the blind) see Dzl.; mig - gis nye mfon riii mi mfon he sees only when the object is near, not when it is far, he is short-sighted Med. ; nye-mfon short-sighted Sch. 2. vb. a. 1. to perceive, by the eye, to see, to behold, bod - tyi ri mfon-bai ri an eminence from whence one can see the mountains of Tibet Glr.; mi yzdn-gyis mfoii-sar (a place) where one can be seen by others; de bu-mos mfon- bar mdzdd-do he made it visible to the girl, he made her see it Dzl. ; mfon-ba zig yod- na if there is one that has seen it, if there exists a witness Dzl. ; de mfon-ste ses seeing this, I came to know, i.e. from this I saw, I perceived; mfon fos dran reg, frq., the seeing, hearing, touching, thinking of (e.g. a form of prayer, or magic formula); ma ^on-bar, (or ^on-bd) mfon -nas as he saw his mother coming. 2. with accus. and terrain. : to regard, consider, take for, Thgy. ; rdzas dkar ser-por mfon Lt. taking white things for yellow ones. 3. to meet. find, catch. 4. to know, understand, perceive (mentally) Mil. :>. col. to undergo, suffer, endure, mis- fortunes, pain etc. (cf. stonpa 4), mi mfon nifi'ii't-ba to suffer what is not to be suffered, not bearable nif., cf. ltd-ba. Comp. mfoh-K'un Cs. 'a window', prob. for mfons-Kuii. mfon-sgom-can Thgy. was explained: one who instantly knows and understands every thing he sees(?) mfon - ^o/-, mfoit - mfa, the reach of sight. range of vision Cs., *fdn -Jc.or - la bor* W. do not take them (the horses) farther than you can see them; the horizon Cs.' mfoii- dug ('eye-poison') evil-eye Sch.; envy, grudge, jealousy. mfon-sndu v. snan-ba. mfon- byed that which sees, the eye Cs. ; the sub- stance which is the source of vision, a species of gall, ^iHH^i. Med> mfoh- lam the path of obtaining the power of sight, a mystical state Was. (139) mfdn- lugs the way of beholding, of viewing a thing; notion, idea, opinion = sndh-ba, mfni'i- lugs j-sum-du byun three different opinions were forming Glr. anopeningforthesmoke in a ceiling or roof, also mfo/ts - I'liii. - 2. also mfdns-Ka, pavilion, platform, open gallery, on a flat roof Glr. (Cs.: 'impluvium, or the opening in the middle of a square building', for which, however, the Tibetan word seems to be Kyams or Kyams-mfdiis*). mfons-ka silk ornaments on the borders of a painting Cs. mfons-spa Cs. : to lose one's senses ; perh. O foms^pa. mfon-ka, or mfon-ga Lex.; Cs. 1. azure, sky- blue (?) 2 - n - of a flower. 3. Glr. one of the five celestial gems; mfon-ka cen-po another of these gems. - mfon-po high, elevated, B. and col. (cf. mfo-ba), of water deep, of the voice loud, of weight and measure full, of rank high; *cos-skad fon-po* W. high- 243 mtol-ba sounding -words, pompous style; *ld</- leu fon-po* W. highly skilled, veil practised. mfon-mfiii 'the high blue (thing)' viz. the hair of the head of Buddha, always represented as of a light sky-blue. '"^ Wa > * m - ba , ^ con- fess, to avow. HI/,'* -i HI />:/.: nifnf faux (cf. <///<w/-ft//.s) confession, acknowledgment. mfol-ftd/tx ///'</ -/></ />:/.. in t<il listti/s-pa to make confession, to con- fess, which ace. to Buddhist doctrine in- volves atonement and remission of sins. jc&r '"'"* * ^''- n '9 n - elevated. V////-.S/ .sv/// /o.s /m/ A'?<* do not take more than is right! "2. Mil.! O ffl ff-P a > pf- btags, fut. Afctgr, imp. fog, 1. to grind. raii-fdg-gis in a mill /I:/., /y/v; wheat, />!/<'- nt<ir to flour; to reduce to powder, to pulverize, by means of two stones (cf. ytmi); to mash. '2. to weave. *n<im-bu cloth; O fdg(-pci)-po, O fdg- ntk'iii a weaver; <i<ir-f(ig-bu-mo the daughter of a silk -weaver 6r//'. c fag-stdn loom <Sc7i. O fa(/-/-<lo mill-stone. grinding-stone(?) Sck, J'dii-po Wdit. a bodily defect or deformity, prob. fen-po. o fot/ '"king, pleasure ; will ; joy, v. the following article. O fu<l-pa 1. 1. to be pleasant, agree- able, well -pleasing ccdp., j.s//// </< L-itn ^iii-ln *>' tits- la O fdd-pa zig byu/i all tln-.>c sayings have pleased me very much .1//V. 2. (not governing a case) to please, to be acceptable, to be considered as good. to be (gfinM-iilly) admitted, mi jfdd-in- nifnii 1 see that (this reading) is not ge- nerally accepted Z<nn.; :>.s-/um O fdd-do it occurs also In (his form Zain.; nii-Jdd- 1<> wrong! HW.s. (294); to be fit, proper. suitable (syn. to ,o,s-y>). ,s/'//<.s :<''f-ba mi ttid-lti as it is not proper to call it soul, sis it cannot iitly be called soul Mil. :i. a familiar word, very frq. used, in \Y. nlmust the only word for <l<i<i-l><i and ,//'/- j>a, *Mm fdd - tli'' cheerfully, joyfully W,, /<'n/-, ;/>/// miil-fiii fsm/i :i ; i-/n prult.: as he became angry Mil.', "^I'm-mi n('iii-i><- hut tdb- pa son*, also *tiii (q. v.) *fdg-im-n<- fntl-*<>i* W. I have been heartily glad; O fad- fdd- O dra yait Mil. though apparently rejoicing; *ma fatl-fdd* W. I am very glad of that ; *sem fdd cvg-ce* W. to make glad, to exhilarate; *$d-heb-bi zo-la mi tad-da* W. does your honour not like curdled milk? *fdd-Kan* W. willing, ready; *gd-ru ft'td- na son* W. go wherever you like; log-pa- O fad let us turn back Gli: ; rait-iti O fdd-la voluntarily, spontaneously. II. Sch. = O f(in-pa, O fud-lddn = O fdn-po. O fan bad, O fan- di'e a demon Sch. ( c g- to brtdn-po and Cs. also O fdd-pa, firmness, constancy, in Lw. explained by nan-ton; mi O fdn-po a steady, resolute man Cs. O fdb-pa to combat, to fight, in a battle; to quarrel, to dispute, to brawl; fca-fsub dan O fdb-pa to struggle with a snow-storm Mil.] O fdb-pa med-cih si-ba to die peaceably, without a struggle; O fdb-pa O dum-na when quarreling (persons) are reconciled; L : <t- o fdb <'$. a fighting with the mouth, altercation; lag - O fdb Cs. a fighting with one's hands, a close fighting, a scuffle (Sch. gesticulation?); O fab - krdl Li'.f. dispute, contest; (ab- K'ruy prob. id.; (!'<'<>' ~^T*PX weapon?); *fab-dhdb* C. weapons, arms; O fab-cds ammunition, re- t|iiisites for war Schr.; Jtab-bf$&n, a-/, : ui O fab-brduits the quarreUng and thrashing of my uncle Mil.; O fdb-)no quarrel, fight, row, fray, battle, H. and col. frq., O fdb- ii,<> hi/i'd - [>a B., *co - c<>* W. , to quarrel, light etc.; O tdb~ f nit'> xj>r<><l-pu to fight a battle, to join battle Glr.', O fab- t z6b a dry cough Sch. O fdb-rfa6d altercation, quarrel, Iti-awl, frq. O fab - ya antagonist, Ky<>d- /y//.s inii J't'ili-ijti l>;/cd (/</<>* thou must con- tend with me Glr. Ixlinl- n,i c fd/> - i/<i a termagant, a she-devil to struggle with Mil.: ynds'skabs-kyi Jnl>-tj the antagonists of lite, i. e. the family and relations a secular man has to struggle with Mil. - Jab-rdgs intrench uient, breast-work, foiti- lication ' . 10* 244 db-w Jum-pa O fdb-Jm a cricket to lay hold of, to grasp, to take a firm hold of, esp. with the teeth (dogs), or the jaws (serpents W.); to sting (of bees W.); to embrace, *rkan-pa O fdm-ce* W. to put one's arras around a person's feet, as a supplicant; to grasp intellectually, to comprehend (?) Glr. 2. to gnash, so one's teetb ; to Shut closely, Ka one's mouth, frq. 3. to join, unite (vb. n.), grogs-su, grogs -por Stg., in friendship, by a -bar in an act, an undertaking Dzl. rq* O tdl-ba v. fal-ba. O fds-pa, Lex. = mKregs-pa, hard, solid; bag-cdgs rgyud-la osprob.: inordinate desire has taken a firm hold of your minds; sra- fds Sch. strong, robust, sinewy; a- o fas-te, and i- fas-kyi bag-cags PthJ qjpm- O tiff-pa 1. vb. n., pf. %s to drop, to fall in drops, to drop from, /crag ma O figs-par Lt. without any blood drop- ping out. 2. vb. a., pf. btigs, fut. btig to cause to fall in drops, to instil etc. nnr-^jr* O ti/'t - slad Cs. a term of blame ^ ' or abuse; Lexx. tibs a cover > C0verin 9; o^ s -<# fsud? S.g. r o^bs-pa, pf. fibs and ytibs (cf. ytibs -pa), to gather, of clouds, storms; nd-bun bziii-du O flbs-par gyiir-to (all the Buddhas) came drawing nearer like clouds of mist Glr.; to condensate, vb. n. Ijon-sin fams-cdd dgd-bai fsdl-du O fibs all the trees afford a delightful shade Glr.; byin O fibs drowsiness overcomes me; po. and fig. to grow dark or dim, ses-pa con- sciousness Med. O fibs-po dark, close, dense. O fim-pa v. fim-pa. J'uh-ba, pf. O funs (Cs. also btuiis I have drunk out), (fut. btun Cs.), imp. O fu>i, (Cs. also btun drink out!), W. *fun-ce*, to drink, frq. ; to suck, to smoke (tobacco), to eat (soup); to be soaked, drenched (cloth) Dzl.; noms-pa O fii>i-ba to drink one's fill Dzl.; zo- funs, ^o- futis suckling baby; zo- fun dus-na during the time of giving suck Med.; O funs-pa fsdm- gyis immediately after drinking Thgy.; O futis - so they were engaged in drinking Glr.; O fun-du run-ba, W. * fun-cog*, drink- able; btun-ba sbst drink, beverage, bzd-ba dan btun-ba, bza-btim (W. *zabtuit*} meat and drink, frq.; btun-cu water for drinking Mil. - - a( ^j- v - fu-ba. 2. vb., Ns also O fun-pa, pf. O ftis, btm, fut. btu, imp. fus, btu (Cs.), to gather, collect, pick up, sin, me-tog, frq.; fus-mi an assemblage of men, council, Cs. and abstr. sbst., O fug- po adj , thick, mta- fug thicker toward the margin or edge Mng.\ gen. of woven stuffs, opp. to srdb-pa; srab- fug 1. thin and thick, 2. thickness relatively; also consistency, of liquids, opp to sld-ba Med.; dense, nags, frq.; sound, heavy, rnyid O fug-po a sound sleep; strong, bag-cdgs O fug-po a strong inclination Mil. O fud-pa, mfud-pa to make longer by adding a piece, to piece out, to prolong, pu-duii W. a sleeve; skye-ba O fud mi df/os he has no need of adding a re-birth, a new period of life Pth.-, O fud-ma 1. addition, proloV gation, *srog-gi fud-ma tdit-ce* W. prolong- ing life (by medicine, careful nursing). 2. aid, assistance, subsidy, e.g. to a needy betrothed couple; also a gift of honour, a present, offered to a departing benefactor or respected Lama W.; dmag - O fud sub- sidies; auxiliary troops. 3. help, assistance in general. O fun gatherer, sin- fun a gatherer of wood, rtsa- fun of grass. O fub-pa, pf. O fubs, fut. ytub, imp. <M btub, W. *fub-ce*, to cut into v. ytub-pa. O fum-pa, pf. O fums, btums, fut. btum, imp. O fum, btum, W. *tum- ce*, to cover or lay over, to put over, to O tums coat, zdns-kyis Glr. ; to wrap up, to envelop, v. jtum-pa. Jinn* barren, sterile; addled (eggs); blo-Jums stupid Lt\t\r. ' Jur supine of JU-/M/. O ftd-ba to rise, to spread, of smoke, vapours, perfumes, ga-pur O ful it smells of camphor Leu:; rdul mi Jul-bar byds-pai ,6y-tu after having laid the dust Dzl.\ la -Ids bdug-spos O ful some persons were spreading perfumes 1'ili. qgrTKrcr J& - P a Cs - to set out on a journey. (To me only *%-* W. is known.) i. to pack up. 2. to depart. It prob. signifies the same as feg-pa, Q deys- pa to lift, raise, take up, cf. yzi btdg-ces, or O deys-pa to shift, to change, lodgings, to remove; teg-fag carpet-bag, knapsack. n qp. Je/i, perh. only another spelling for fcii ; Sch. has Je/t-la Jbor-ba to throw away as unfit, and if that be correct, it may serve to explain both significations mentioned under feit. nct-q- Jen-ba Cs. to be lame, to go lame, cf. ft'ii-po; also adj.: bsu-mKan byiu O feii - ma tig kyah med not even a lame chicken came to meet me Mil. nt. Jen-pa 1. to draw, to pull, y yen-la up, upward, nuh'm-du forth, out; par Q ft>n four O fen they pulled to and fro, this way and that way Pth.; nur-yyis by jerks, by little and little Glr. ; yol-ba Jen- pa a curtain drawn before Glr.; *u fen- ce* W. to draw breath, to breathe; in W. esp. used for to draw out (a cork) to take off (a pot -lid), to draw or take away (a pot from the fire). 2. to stop, to stop short, to wait, JSn-pu bzan it will be ad- visable to stop, to wait. In W. also = rii'n-pa to lean, recline, repose on. - *gw-la fen-cc* W. to form on a lathe, to turn. Sch. : O fen - %^ forgetting and remembering (?). o fcb overplus, extra, supernumerary, gos-Jeb& supernumerary dress L>.< .: nntl-gos O feb-kyix //////-; to wrap up in an extra blanket Ltu-.; ~a<j )'cig O fcb one 245 day over, or too much; O feb-pa to have too much(?) Sch. O tibs-pa, pf. febs, (prop, the passive or neuter vb. to O debs- pa, but often not differing from it, v. O dt'l>*- pa) 1. to be thrown, strewed, scattered, sd- bon Mil.; to be afflicted with, befallen by, iu'nl-kyi& a disease, frq., also with lus-la Glr.; Ian O febs-pa to answer; ysal O febs-pa to be explained minutely; to be undcr- s.ood perfectly Thgr. 2. W. to be hit or struck (=Kes-pa; *'i-ru feb soil* I have been hit here (stung, bitten etc.); *feb Hiy- te ton* put it down, hitting (the right place), i.e. put it just in its proper place; *mi feb-ce* not to hit the mark, to miss the aim; *ma feb* the blow did not strike home; even of a prayer is said: *feb*, it has hit, it has been heard. 3. Cs. in a general sense: to take, seize, hold fast; febs-U-ib ( s. : 'a tailor's instrument for holding fast cloth etc. in sewing; a thimble'; but the latter is undoubtedly to be spelled mfeb (or febyittbs; v. labs. o#-P aGB " ' to shut comprise, cover, include; v. Jams-pa'- the Le.r.r. have only: nan-cags- fems, and Jems- nan w. e. In W. it is l.vb.n. to Jams- pa: *ldg-pa fern* my hand has been squeezed 1 in, *fem-cei cd-lag* a thing (e.g. a machine) giving chances of being squeezed. 2. to suffice, = Kyed-pa, Iddii-ba. Jo-Jsdms-pa v. fo etc. Jog-paCs.=yt6g-pa, Sch. also = Jdg-pa. * <f9*-P a p f - and im P- J9 S > ! to take, to seize, to take up, a knife, a sword DzL, provisions in order to dis- tribute themDzl., esp. to carry Dzl and elsewh.; rol-mo O togs-pa Glr., Tar. 21, 16, prob. to carry musical instruments (or to make music?); = fob -pa to receive, *mii /.s tnyx rt'-n'', or fogs fmd* all that have received human bodies by the metem- psychosis (.'., W. 2. = O tl<></ s ~l" 1 w ' tu /'""' fnj., v. <h'Hjx-p<i\ Tar. 159, 1<! = to name, to call. 246 fon-pa da o fon-pa, pf. and imp. fon, vb.n. to O don-pa, in W. very frq., in B. less so, = byari-ba, 1. to COtne Out, to go out, *ddy - sa /can - pa - nc fon* he is just coming out of the house; kun pyir O fon- te all coming out Mil. ; to remove (from a house or place), to leave, *fon-cdg* W. the last farewell; to depart, to emigrate; cnpd- gar fdn-nas when I shall be beyond the river Mil.', more carelessly: *yul fon-na, lun-pa ton-na* W. when one has passed through, the village, the valley; *dun-du fon - ce* to step or come forth (from the crowd etc.) ; to rise, arise, originate, v. myih- rm. 2. for ^.oit-ba, to come. esp. Bal. - 3. to come from , to proceed from , to have origin, bod Ko-rdn-nas O fdn-pa yin these are products of Tibet itself; hence: to occur, like ^ofi-ba, fsou-pas kur-nas O fon O dug (these goods) occur as imported, are imported; rig-pa-can min Q fon yin-te known as being acute, sagacious. O fob-pa, v. fob-pa. pa, to be dim, dull, clouded, of tlie senses and the understanding, *nyid fom-cc* W. to slumber, to doze, *nyid yur-ce* id.; mgo-^bo} O fom consciousness is clouded or darkened, by intoxication, disease Med.; also of religious darkness JWt.; *mig torn - torn ca dug' W. he is dazzled (by the brightness of the sun); Idons-sin O foms-par qyur having become blind Dzl. O for fragment, of a book Tar., cf. for-bu. O for - ba, pf. btor, fut. ytoi\ imp. O for, 1. prop. vb.n. to be scattered, of leaves by the wind Dzl, to fly asunder, to be dispersed ; to fall to pieces, to decay, of the body after death Mil. ; to burst, of a gun; but also vb.a. : me -tog O for-ba to strew r flowers Glr., Dzl.', O for- fun libation Cs., cu- for libation of water Sch-. ; cf. ytor- ba. 2. W.: to have notches, flaws, of edge-tools. f6l-ba v. mfol-ba. ' da 1. the letter d, originally, and in ' the frontier districts also at present, pronounced like the German d , i.e. not quite so soft as the English d; in C. as initial aspirated and low-toned, dh ; as final letter half dropped, and changing a pre- ceding a, o, u into a, o, ?/; as prefix in Kh. and Bal. = y, not differing from the pre- fixed g. da - drag is a term used by grammarians, for the now obsolete d as second final, after n, r, 1, e.g. in hind, changing the termination du into tu; no, ro, lo into to; nam, ram, lam into tarn. 2. num. figure for 11. r- da 1. gen at the head of a sentence: now, at present, just, esp. before the imp. mood: da kar-ddn-la son just go to Kardang! directly, immediately, forthwith, instantly ; in narration sometimes (though rarely) for then, at that time. 2. in col. language after the emphatical word of the sentence: it is true, to be sure, indeed, *lon da yod nul med* time I have, it is true, but no money. Comp. da-ko Sch. = da. dd-ci a little while ago, lately. Mil. and col. dd-ca in future, henceforward. da-nyid the present time; but just now. dd-Ua(r) 247 dd-Tca 1. now, at present, dd-i-i-nax dd-lta j'dn-la from lately till now T/n/y.: dii-ltai (or dd- Itar-gyfy bdr-du until no\v ; dd-lfd/ ipy6d- lam our course of acting during this life Glr.; dd - Itar - gyi byd-ba, or dnos-po a person's experience or actions during the present period of his life DzL ; dd-lfd-ni/id- du Glr., <ld -ltd -rait Mil , J't/i.. instantly; dd-lta-baCs., dd-ltar-ba Gram., dus dd-l tu- ba the present time, presence; the present tense 2. W. hereafter, afterwards, '"day-Mi mi gos, Jdl-ta ton* I do not want it now; give it me afterwards. dd-xt<> henceforth, from this time forward Dzl. da-du/t (frq. pronounced and spelled da-run) v. below. - dd-dt' 1 Glr. and C. now. da ndii this morning. dd-ni 1. now, 2. henceforth Glr. dd-/\u/(>t)-cad Dzl., da-pyis Glr. henceforth. - dd-bi/uii a man of yesterday, an upstart. dd-tsam about this time. da -him henceforth Pth. da-yz6d but now, but just, not until now. *da-rdns* C. = da- nitt'i. da-i'ifn, <ld-di<n still, still more, da- fiin foil give still more! da-run legs- par ysun - bar zu please, explain it more in detail Ma.: still longer, once more, da-run I/an again and again, over and over again; - da-run fsd-big ma fsar* W. it is not quite finished yet. da -res (Sch. also da-rc- ba?) 1. now, now at least, but for this time (opp. to sndn-cad, .sv/c// 1 , /'///*) ^Hl. 2. W. formerly, heretofore (opp. to da now). dd-lo this year, in this year. ddg-pa JT*ra* -ca horse-shoe. *dhd-Ha c/ydb-pa* to shoe a horse ('. dd-ci (istd-ci*) sickle hook, for cutting off briers /,//. "" dii-cii mercury JAW. S ;^l* aa ~t''' ( J a medicine Mcd. dd-drd(i v. the letter d. ';' (/ " -/'''''.'/< da-tse, orphan. dwd-ba a plant Med., yielding an acrid drug; da-fsdd id.(?); dd-rtjnd, and du-yyuit are two species of this plant, the former of which is considered to be of greater virtue Wdii. dd-bag v. td-bag, far- bdg. da-ber v. ta-ber, mda-l>n i . _.:_. da-byid lizard. Med.\ Lc.v. = skyin- '^ ' gor. r*^* dd-ra col. and sometimes B. = ddr- ba buttermilk. r-(5r da -It several low-growing kinds of Rhododendron. I-OT. dag 1. sign of the plural, eleg. for ' rnams; often added to the pronouns de and O di, and sometimes to numerals; also in the combination dag - rnams. In translations of Sanskrit works it denotes the dual number. 2. nd-dag, Hyed-dag, seems in Mil. often to be used for iid-lta- bu-dag my equal, or equals (another reading is -iid - Ita, v. Ita 2). 3. W. col. = da, esp. in the compounds *ddg-sam, dcig-sa* now; also certainly, it is true (v. da 2) Mil 4. v. ddg-pa. rm'm- dug - Ka is said to be used in Ts. for de-Ka. rcjr-$' dag - ci Lh. mint, aromatic plant, Mentha Royliana. dag-ga-dog-ge Ld. for dog- dog. ddg-pa (prop. pf. of O ddg-pa), clean, pure; cleanness, purity; as adj. also ddg-po, W. * dag-mo*; dag-par ^gyur-ba to become clean, dag -par byed-pa to make clean, to cleanse, to purify, dag-par Ji'ru- ba (W. * dag -mo tu-ce*) to wash clean; more frq. fig.: *Ka ma dhag* (\ impure, incorrect, vulgar pronunciation, cf. sgra 1 ; rigs ma dag impure blood or kindred; com. pure with regard to religion and morals, (also = holy, sacred, relative to lifeless ob- jects), lus dan nag dan yld-kyi las ydns-su ddg-pa quite pure in word and action I hi.: lus dag sems dag dbdn-po dag, also ///.<- ytsait etc. id.: </'<</-/> r O fsd - ba to lead a pure, a virtuous lite: undtt-lotn ddff-pa is stated to mean a sincere prayer Glr.\ rndin- (/w) dag(-pa) quite pure, most holy, frq.; 248 dag-pa hence rnam-(par) day (-par) rtsi-ba, or mdzdd-pa is used for: to justify, in a scriptural sense, by Chr. Prof. ; mi or ma- ddg-pa impure; impurity, bkriis-na mi-ddg- pa med-do when they have bathed they are quite clean Dzl. Adv. day-par, e.g. Jcru-ba v. above; ddg-tu assuredly, certainly Lt.(?)', ddg - gis purely = quite, entirely S.g. (?); *ddg-mo f W. id., *ddg-mo srdg- ce* to burn completely, *ddg-mo za-ce* to eat all, to consume entirely. ydn-dag- pa Skr. ^fcfi Trigl., actual, real, ydn-dag- par cu i/in in reality it is water Dzl.\ more frq. construed thus: de yin ydn-dag-na if it is really that, btsoii ydn-dag-na if you are really willing to sell it, O dod ydn-dag- na if you really wish it, Kyod-la yod ydn- dag-na if you really have Dzl.; yan-dag- pa dan bden-pai fsul bziii-du in truth and in reality S. 0. ; yan-dag-pa ni bden-pa-ste since that which is real is true S.O.; yan- dag-pa-nytd reality S.O.; dge-bai cos-mams ydn-dag-par bldn-ba to assume, to adopt, virtuous habits earnestly Stg. ; ydn-dag-par rdzogs-pa really accomplished S.O.; yah- dag-par ltd-ba to be orthodox, v. dge-ba bcu ; yan - dag lam the right way, = far- lam Mil.\, yan-dag-don seems to be = nes- don Mil., but ydn-dag don-du ynyer-ba to aim at, to aspire to, truth Mil. ; ydn-dag- pai don-la O jug-pa to be pious Thgy. Comp. dag-brjod orthoepy 6s. dag- fer-ba, dag-fer byed-pa Sch. to clean, to cleanse; Tar. 189,22; dag-ster(-cer)mdzdd- pa. dag - (pai) snan(-ba) Schr. 'good opinion' (?), prob.: a pure, sound view or knowledge Glr.; in Mil. it has a similar meaning; *dhag-ndn )6n-wa* C. to lead a holy life. dag-zin holy country Sch. dag-yig orthography; siwn-gyi-dag-yig the older orthography; brda-ddg = dag-yig. ddg-pa, W. *dag-ce*, v. teg-pa. zr' aan > postp. c. accus , with (Lat. cum), na dan with me (often with the ad- dition of beds-pa, lhan-ycig, mnydm, q. v.), e.g. to go, speak, play, quarrel with ; bud- med dait nydl-ba to lie with a woman ; in some cases it must be omitted in English, or rendered by other words, as: gron-kyer dan nye-ba, rin-ba near the town, far from the town ; de dan O drd - ba equal to that. Some particular ways of using dan are the following: 1. for and, yser daii dnul da/I Icags-la-sogs-pa gold, and silver, and iron, and the other (metals). The shad is here always put after dan, which shows that in the mind of the Tibetan dan never ceases to be a postposition; it can there- fore be used only for connecting nouns and pronouns. In enumerations it is em- ployed in different ways, and often quite arbitrarily, e.g. after every single noun or pronoun except the last one, or also after the last; it is used or omitted just as the metre may require it; or when a sum is mentioned, in the following manner: byun-ba bzi ni: sa (dan) cu (dan) me (dan) rlun dan bzio the four elements: earth, and water, and fire, and air, four they are; or, esp. in col. language, thus: sa dan ycig, cu dan ynyis etc. 2. distributively: zag dan zag, lo dan lo, day by day, every year; Kyim dan Kyim-na Tar. every one in his house. 3. after a personal pronoun col. almost like a sign of the plural: na dan ynyis-ka we two, both of us. na dan fsdn-ma all of us. 4. after the inf., and in W. after the gerund in gin, nyi-ma sdr- ba dan at sun -rise, as soon as the sun rises, when the sun rose; lo brgya Ion-pa dan when a hundred years had (or shall have) passed away, after a hundred years; smrds-pa dait Kyim-du son with saying so, he went home, is gen. translated : he said so and went home, and so frq. in narration; W. : *sug - da ton dan* with a whistling, *foh-gin zig daii* at beholding. 5. after an imperative for and, sgo rduns sig dan de-dag ^oii-no knock at the door, and they will come Dzl. ; yid-la byos tig dan bsdd- do give heed, and I will explain it to you Stg.; or it is used in the following manner: legs-par sems sig dan ma nor-ram consider it well; have you not made a mistake there? nijon cig dan snon-dus-na listen to me! Now, there was in olden times etc. Dzl. and elsewh., frq.; Ion zig </// iin-la dln'tii yod do take it! I have the power, you know, i.e. I shall answer for it Dzl.; in more recent times it is used (also when not followed by any other words) as an imperative particle = big: l da zo dan' byas- pas saying 'eat!' Gb\; 'daltosdan ysuns 'now just see', he said Mil.; even after zu, which in its application is like a verb in the imperative: ysuii-ba zu dan' zes zer- fxis saying 'pray, teach (us)!' Mil. 6. In W. dan is used improperly for the instrum. : *ber-ka dan din'* strike with the stick! and for by or through with respect to persons : *yog-po dan sab-sob zer* he cheats me, tells me a lie, through his servant. r- dan 1. meadow Lit. 2. dait, or perh. better to//, (cf. tin), *tan tan - cr, or tait n-j-tV, /(/// w// c6-ce*, to read in a singing or drawling manner Ld. 3. ddn- </>( It'n-jHi, c. la. to submit, yield to, comply with. Glr , Tar. ; c. accus. submissively to put up with (Seh. and Wts. are hardly right). rfdii-ya, <ldii-I> : <(, 1. appetite, dan-ga O yag ray appetite is gone, mi bde is bad, Mcd.. and Mil (Sch. 'the will'?). 2. C. for ddm-Ka. 5C"2f ddn-po 1. the first, with respect to number, time, rank, ddit-po'i /t<ni> de sm zer Pfh. who spoke (raised) the first rumour? who was it that first got up the rumour? dd/i-poi nyin-par on the very first day ; na-fsod ddn-po-la ynds-pa being still in the prime of life Wdn.; the former, he that is mentioned before another, d<h/-/n> //////.s the two first named T/ir/y. ; the former, the earlier, he that precedes another in point of time, = sitd-ni<t, <>|i|>. to }\i/t-ina, ^og-ma, the latter. 2. the first thing, part etc., ;/_/////- mo'i dun-po-la at the beginning of day, at day-break Tar. ;< la //-/>-/////< l-iln in the first place, before the rest, above all, before every other thing Tlujy.\ e&ri-^XMUM from the very beginning Tlujt/.. Tar.: <lti/'i-/>tn\ and very frq. dih'i-fin adv., firstly, in the first place; at first, in the beginning. l<ix-<l<in-i>o-pa a beginner, lan-dnii-jio-fHii <lhs-u as long 249 as he is only a beginner Thgy.; las-dd/'i- po-pai bnix- 1> like vr^ning (child) in the N.T., Mil. <l(ifi-l>n 1 . to be pure. //<h//-/t/^t <ldii- nas Mil.; gen. adj. pure, clear, O bras ddn-ba picked rice Lt.; of inclinations, dispositions, feelings: sews-can kim-ln rah <l<iii-ba full of love towards all creatures; dge-%fan ddn-ba a pure, sincere disposition to virtue S.O.; most frq. devout, pious: de- votion, faith; d>in-lti .sr/y/.s id (in \V. often confounded with ydeh-ba). 2. la<i tldfi- ba = ddr-bd, v. darba II. 2. ddn-tee W. a field-terrace. ddn-ra. (spelling dubious) stable, for cattle, C., W. <l"H-l<i 1. Sch. 'a tract of land abound- ing in springs'. 2.n. of a high moun- tain pass, north of Lhasa, called Tantla by Hue II., 231. (lirdiis-pa, C. also *dhdh-po*, pure, clean, clear, = dan - ba I., of air, water ;ynam-dwdns a clear sky, fine weather (W. *fan*); dans-smucj reddish gray Sch. ilira/is-ma 1. the chyle, Ssk. -^r, con- cerning which Brahmanical and Buddhist physiology has led to a great many phan- tastical ideas, Med. frq.; also fig., mostly in an obscure and unintelligible manner. - 2. Sch.: 'the spirit, the soul', a signifi- cation not found hitherto in any book, but ace. to a Lama's statement the word de- notes the soul, when purified from every sin, and to be compared to a clear and limpid fluid, in which every heterogeneous matter has been precipitated. da/ix is also not seldom met with erron. used for dnans and mdaits. dad -pa 1. secondary form of </<>V- I'n to wish 1>:I. and elsewh ; heuce in compounds: xkoni-<.l<i<l thirst, *f <}</*-< /</</- ban* fond of dress or finery (cf. d'H/s-f>a') \\'., and in similar expressions. 2. to believe (cf. ^nj) in a religious sense, more significant than ///</-<r.s-y/.s and including a devotedness full of confidence, like mateieiv in thn N.T.; also sbst. faith, more fully (lad- 250 dan-da pai sems, and adj. faithful, believing, yon- May dad-pa the faithful giver of alms Mil. : more fully dad (-pa) -can, dad-lddni ma- fldd-pa, and dad-med unbelieving; often with mos or c/us : kun dad-dad-ntos-mos-su O dua- pa-la Mil. ; dad-ciii-gus-par O yyur-ba Glr. ; dad-par O ayvr-ba. dad-pa byed-pa to become faithful or believing, to believe, frq.; ddd-bzin- du full of faith dad-brtson for dad-pa dan brtson- yrus Tar. Note. *mi ziy-la dad- pa fob* W. col. a man becomes a believer, v. fob-pa; but Tar. 35, 1 pays-pa DM-ti-ka- la dad-pa fob means: he was brought to believe by hearing the Reverend Dhitika. dan -da, and dan-roa, medicinal herbs Med. _ ,! pi- ddn-da-li, or dan-ddl, Ld. a sieve, gen. consisting of perforated leather and a wooden frame; rds-dan-dal a sieve made of cloth (inst. of leather). dan-mo (spelling?) the female of the ibex, and of the musk-deer. *-5j- dam (a root signifying bound, fast, fixed, from which the following com- pounds, as well as sddm-pa, are to be de- rived), sbst., also dam-fsiy and yi(cT)-dam, resp. fugs-dam, a solemn promise; vow. oath, confirmation by oath, like bden-fsiyi dam bcd-ba 1. to promise, 2. the act of promising, the promise; also ddm-bca Mil. and col.; ddm-bca Jbul-ba resp. to make a promise, e. g. mi O bdb - pai not to descend Mil. ; to promise solemnly Mil. ; hence yi-dam, and (more popularly) dam - bca the sacrament Chr. Prot.; dam beds -pa a promise made; dam sruh-ba, dam-la ynds-pa, or nye-bar byed-pa, ddm-bcas-pa spyod-pa, ddm-bcas- pa bzin-du byed-pa, ddm-bcas-pa daft mi O gdl-ba, to keep one's promise; nydms-pa to break (a promise, a vow) ; dam-nydms- kyi Ids-rnams violations of duty; dam - la O d6gs-pa to exorcise demons etc. Glr., Pth., but only by gentle persuasion, which in- duces them to promise to do no harm any- more, not by magic power (so it was ex- pressly stated by a Lama); dam -la )dg- pa Tar. 125 id. (ni f.); dam-can, dam-fsig- can Mil. bound by an oath etc.; ddm-cu prob. water which is drunk in taking an oath Pth. ddm-Jca Glr., ddm-ga Wts., fdm-ga Cs., a seal, stamp, resp. pyag-ddm, esp. for the seals of Lamas; dam-fta rgydb- pa to seal, to stamp ; Kyi-dam \. %'; dam- rgyd -= ddm-Ka Tar.; *dam-ci<g* W. seal of a Lama, used as an amulet. i' dam-pa, ace to the explanation of a Lama: bound by an oath or vow, consecrated; but Lexx. render it by i^TT, ^TO i e. = incog, thus Dzl. ^V^, 4; $?, 9, and Cs.: noble, brave, excellent, which is prob. also the sense of the word when compounded with cos, skyes-bu, aud other words. Its usual rendering, however, is 2. holy, sacred, bld-ma dam- pa, skyes-bu dam -pa, a holy Lama, a holy man, and most fru. ddm-pai cos, dam-pa cos, ddm- cos, the holy doctrine, the holy religion of Buddha. Yet, in the interpretation of pas- sages the original meaning(noble, excellent) ought to be resorted to much oftener. So also yyoy-mo dam-pa ciy Glr. signifies an excellent, a favourite female slave, but not exactly a holy or a faithful one. ddm-po 1. strong, firm; tight, narrow. of fetters etc. ; gen. adverbially dam- du, e.g. to bind, to lock up, to seize firmly, securely. 2. of laws, commandments, severe, strict, exact. ^$T^$r dam-diim various Sc/i.; yet cf. dum. ^s M- dar J. 1. silk, ddr-gyi of silk, silken; mjal-ddr resp. for K'a-btdgs ('.', ryydi nan dar fine Chinese silks Thgy. dar- dkdr white silk Glr. dar-skud silk-thread; gos-med dar-skud O dra stark naked Ma. dar - yds silk dress, Cs. also silk-stuff, dar-cun a bunch or fringe of silk Cs. dar-cen Ld-Glr., ace. to Schl. = Ka-btdys, yet cf. the significations given sub I. '2. dar- fdg-mJMn a silk- weaver; dar- fay-bu- mo Glr. the daughter of a silk-weaver. dar-pdn = dar-cun. ddr-bu a coarse kind of silk Cs. dar -bubs a whole piece of silk-stuff rolled together. *dhar-ma-r&* C. 'neither silk nor cotton', half silk half >251 dar-rgyus-glin ddl-ba cotton; ace. to others velvet. d<n--dnnin- pa raw silk tic/tr. dar-faon-pa a dealer in silks, a silk-mercer. dar-zdb the finest silk, t'rq. : a piece of such silk. -- d<tr-i/<'d> a silk fan. dar-yuy a narrow ribbon- like piece of silk-stuff Glr , Mil. </<ir- h/'i = *dhar-mtwjl*. dai'-xdni the lower border of a silk dress Glr. dar-^gy-i") .sr///(-w) silk-worm. 2. a cloth, made of whatever material: flag HV.s.. sail (v. yi/<r- '""') ' c p!lr-d<'ir a hoisted Hag; mduft-dar a little flag fixed to a lance; *i~u-dhdr* (.'. military banner. dar-lcoy little flags fixed on houses, piles of stones, and the like (v. M,l. Uttddh. 198). dar-po-w I. a large flag fastened to a flag-staff; 2. flag-staff, mast. - (f(ir-fw a military division, squadron Sch. dar*Mn, dar-bdr, prob. flag-staff. II. ice, icy plain; dar cdy* ice is form- ing: also MibstaiHively = dar, mho-la dur- <('/</* liiah Mil. dar-zdm ice-bridge. " d < i r-j <'i r'" ('clinging to the ice'?) W. a dark- gray aquatic bird. III. v. dar-yriy, ddr-ba, ddr-ma. " dar-rgyas-gliu v. rdo-rje-glin. " ddr-sf/a walnut. M-qracrr <l-i'-)'<'<<i (col. also dal-yc/'y), a little while, a moment; dar-yciy lon-pa-na after a little while Glr.', adver- bially: for a little while, for a moment Mil.; directly, instantly, in a moment M /'/.-. dar- fx<iin Mi. id. <l>'-<lii' humming, buzzing Mil.: wail- ing. lamenting /'/// 2-^-5^ ddi'-i'do grinding-stone fur Indian ink SV7/.: liilt'ii- - r</o would perhaps be more correct. ^^f' ^-xf <lar-fi<>, <l<ir-mo, col. for i/dl- /><>, (l<'ll-i>l<>. V. <l<'ll-l>tl. dar - ha 1. sbst., also <l('t - r<t , <l<ir. buttermilk, drfr-yxdr iVc-h buttermilk. II. vb. 1. to be diffused, to spread, of influence, power, opinions, diseases, <r.s dnr- ba to gain much ground, to increase ex- ceedingly Lt.'. dar -tin /i/f/-/x>, (act.) to extend, enlarge, <-'.^. academics (llr.\ <lar- ijinl gpreaoiDg and decaying, increase and decrease: ^'dhur-po* ('. grand, magnificent. of a feast, drinking-bout. 2. with /(/</. to take in hand, to put hand to a work. c. /a I):/.: also d<'iii-l>a. ^.^ r <l<ir-m<i 1 the age of manhood, manly age. prime of life, gen. reckoned from 30 to 50, but ace. to <S.</.froin 16 70: 'fur- la bob - pa, or <lur - !><il>, a person in the prime of life, fiq.; dr-</dii col. id.: <l<n-- i/<>/ a person beyond that age. 2. a man. and dar-mo a woman in the prime of life. ^^*^T ddr->no v. ddi'-po } d<tr-nt<i. * d(ir-tx<un v. dar-i' dar-Ml M,. 'groin* ('0- dar-(in}fsur Wdii. = <l< alum Sch. ^ ar - y a - k (tn a medicinal herb Med, dal-ydms Mil., rims-ddl Mil.. epidemic disease, plague, or perh. n. of a particular disease. ddl-ciy, col. for dar-ycig. dal-fdy Jug -pa to attack and disperse an enemy s,-/,. <Ml-ba, ddl-lw, slowness, ease, quiet- ness, leisure (opp to haste, hurry, vehemence), *d/tdl-ira (or dhdl-lnt) ;/<'>'- < //////* C., have you time? ddl-ba zi<j - </i skdbs-m when he happened to have nothing to do Dzl. ; ddl-bar O diig-pa to be disen- gaged, unemployed; ddl-ba brai/ad the eight conditions of rest, the state of being free from the eight m-i-lfom-pa ; to these belong the Jbi/or-pa bcu, i.e. ten goods or blessings which, in part, are but more particular de- finitions of the eight rests, yet include also other blessings; hence both together are called dal - J>t/<'>r !><<> - bryi/dd (another in- stance of this peculiar way of reckoning v. sub -Hi/in - Htfxdn). As these various con- ditions are partly characteristics of 'hu- manity', and attainable only by human 52 beings, they might be denominated 'the (eighteen) specific blessings of humanity'. Often they are also used directly for 'con- dition of humanity, or of human nature', this kind of existence being, from a reli- gious point of view, the best and most de- sirable, rnyed - dkdi dul - ba mi lus, and similar expressions frq. occur (6s. has calm- ness, tranquillity of mind, evidently mistak- ing it for mal~Jbyor). ddl-ba, ddl-bu, ddl- po, ddl-mo, W. also *ddl-can*, quiet, calm, of the mind, the water; gentle, of the wind; slow, lazy; *se-gyu dhdl-wa, or se-pa dhdl- wa* C. phlegmatic disposition. - Adv. ddl- bar (v. above), ddl-yyis, ddl-bus, slowly. softly, gradually, e.g. to draw, opp to di-dg- tu', ddl- groi rgyun bzin like a stream flow- ing gently and softly; mi-ddl-bar Dzl. in- cessantly. ddl-mo chine, loin. dal-btson (spelling dubious), *dal- tsoit tdh-ce* W. to carry on com- pulsory trade. This is frequently done by Eastern rulers, who in time of personal need make a sale of goods, compelling people to buy at fixed prices. ^ di, num. fig.: 41. r-cnx-^' di-gar-ci is said to be a provin- cialism, and secondary form of yzi-Ka-rtse, n. of a town near Tashilunpo. r-,U^ di - mar Sch. : 'a certain worm or insect'. r-^-5; di-ri-ri buzz, murmur, hum, low con- fused noise, as of crowds, of a number of praying people, of wailing pri- soners, of birds on the wing Glr. ^T|" dig, the Persian ^Lo, a large kettle, washing-copper, brewer's copper. dig-pa 1. Cs. a stammerer, also /M- dig, d. dig-pa. 2. 6'. reeling, staggering, intoxicated. Pp.j^-. diit-diii, gdd-mo din-din Tar. 158, 4 prob. an onomatopoetic word, Schf. laughing aloud'. ,* diu-sdu den-san. r- du 1. num. fig.: 71. 2. for tu (q.v.) 0> after final n, d, n, m, r, 1. 3. how many? bslebs-nas zld-ba du Ion how many months is it ago that he came? du-du how much, how many each time? du-zig how much about? dii-ma many, zag du-ma many days; du-mar pye it is divided into several (parts) Wdn.\ Ian du-mar many a time, often Cs.; *du-ma rdksa* (I col. a great many, very much (perh. c devilishly much', from raksas). _._. du-ba (cf. dud -pa) smoke. O ful, or N! gyen - du O pyur smoke rises Zam. ; du-ba- pa Sp. very poor people that pay but a trifling tax, proletarians (prop, 'smoke- people' that have nothing but the smoke of their fire). du-ba-mjug-rin a CO met. du-zdg C. the smoke or vapour hanging over towns and large villages in the morn- ing. __. dug poison, dug bliid-pa to administer >o a poisoned potion to a person, to give him poison to drink; dug - mi - ynod - par O gyur he becomes proof against poison Dow.; cu-la dug O debs-pa to poison the water Pth.; dug ysum in a moral sense, O dod- cdgs, -yii-mug, ze-sddii; sometimes dug lha, five moral poisons, are mentioned. Comp. dug-can poisonous. dug-ynyen an antidote Cs. dug - mdd a poisoned arrow. duy-sbrul venomous serpent. dug-med not poisonous. dug-sog poisonous paper Mil., Pth., Glr. dug-sel that which neutralizes a poison Cs. dug-srun a pre- servative against poison Cs. <^' dug-ti (or dug-ste?) Ts., so, thus, 1 ' ' in this manner, also nug-ti. ^nr"^y dug-po, esp. U (= *cu-pa* Ts., N! ' *gon-ce f W. coat, garment, dress Mil. rcn^T' dugs, esp. in medical writings; it seems to denote 1. heat: Tar. 31, 21 fsdd-pai dugs-kyis by the glowing heat of the day Schf.; S.g.: cui dri dugs rldns-pa ce the water (i. e. urine) has a strong smell and emits much heat(?) and vapour; Lt.99, 4. 5; K, 4; c^S, 5; sS^, 4; 9&V, 10. cui rigs sin-tu dugs -pa Mng. adj.? 2. revenge, grudge, rancour, *dug kdr-ce, dugs- 253 dwjs-pa Ian Idon-ce* to take vengeance, to revenge one's self. dugs-pa W. 1. to make warm, to warm , me - la at the fire , e. g. one's hands, a plate. 2. to light, to kindle, *me dug-ce* to light a fire; *kd?i-pa mes dug son* the house has begun to burn, has caught fire; *zd-ce dug fsdr-Kan* burnt food, a burnt meal; *dug-di* a burnt smell. rj-. dun 1. a tortoise shell, dnit-rdo a pe- N! trifled tortoise shell C's. 2. a shell, both small shells, worn as an ornament (skye - dun - pren necklace of shells), and more particularly the great trumpet - shell, which is sounded on certain occasions; it is usually of a pure white, hence dun- dkur i. trumpet-shell, 2. white rose C , dun- so snow-white teeth Pth , dun - ru snow- white horns Mil.' a trumpet-shell wound to the right (jyds-su Jcyil-ba) is regarded as valuable as it is rare Glr. 3. trum- pet, tuba, dun Jmd-pa to sound, to blow a trumpet; I? rims -dun judgment- trumpet, trumpet used in courts of justice, cos -dun church-trumpet, trumpet used in religious ceremonies, dmag-dun war-trumpet, lins- dnii hunting-bugle; rkan-duh a trumpet or cornet made of a hollow thigh-bone; zans- dm'i a copper trumpet, a bass tuba eight feet long; dban-dun a similar instrument, but of less dimensions; rwa - dun a trum- pet of horn, rag-dun a brass trumpet. 4. Skull (?) Sch. has: dun-cen 1. skull, 2. = rkan-dun; in Glr. Brahma is called dm'i-gi. for-fsof/s-at n . dun-ne constant, continual Dom.; dun- iie-ba Tltgr. id. dun-dun staggering, reeling, tottering, wavering Sch. dun-pan, C. *dhuh-pi ; n*, basin. * duit- p!t<i>- /'///., 100 million Sch. du/'ts-pa, secondary form of ydfn'ix- NJ pa, love. </>'</-/><! ddii <h'iim-pa zig skyes-te Mil., frq.; yid-duns = an yiii- A/V.sv- ba, frq.; *dhun-bhu* ('. love, *fi(-<ju-l<i dhuh-bu jli/-pa* cf. rces-pa. ss'rr dud-pa I. sbst. (cf. dit-ba, and the xs Pers. J^o) Smoke, W. : *Kaii-nii<i dfid- pa ma med - Kan dug* there comes very little smoke into the room. dud-lea Sch. 1. having the colour of smoke, dark-gray. 2. family, household. 3. chimney (0- dil- ttu Sch. 'liquid soot'; prob. soot mixed with water, smut; Lt. compares morbid evacuations or matter ejected from the sto- mach with dud-Ku. dud-bdl soot Sch., prob. flocky soot. dud- bun a cloud of smoke 6s. dud-rtsi soot, smut C's. dud-lam chimney. II. vb. 1. to tie, to knit, to knot, v. mdud-pa. 2. pf. of <///"/-/"<, stooping, bent, hence dud- gro quadruped, beast, ani- mal, opp. to man that walks erect Stg. dim-pa great diligence, assiduity, dun- pa drdg-po\ *dun-can* very diligent W. (cf. O diin-pa, and rtun). dub-pa, vb. to be or get tired; adj. tired; sbst. fatigue; mi dub-bo they do not get tired Dzl. ; nf'd - ziii dub - nas Glr.', lus dan nag yid dub Pth. he is tired in body, mouth, and soul, i.e. he has no 1 strength for doing, saying, or thinking any- thing good. dub-can tiresome Cs. dub- rgyu anxious, sorrowful Sch. rnxi' dubs, Stg. frq.: nye-zih dubs nye-bar ^o ace. to the context it might mean : very probably; but the word seems to be little known. rr dum a piece, frq.; as a measure or cer- xs tain quantity of meat, v. yzugs\ dit ///-/> a large piece ( 'a. dum-bu a small piece, frq. ; ili/ni-liitr ; cog-pa, ycdd-pa, byed-pa to break, to cut to pieces. dam-dum several small pieces or things Cs.; perh. = dutti-dinn Ld., e.g. yul dum-dum, or groii dum dum several scattered farms, hamlets or villages, which have together one common name. r^- dur tomb, grave, di<r-du ,,/>'/.</-/"'. Ni O dzi<d-]>a (< Is. jtibs-pa') ' :: '(x)k>'tn-a>* W., to bury; dm- rko-ba to dig a grave. - diir-rkun grave-robber, plunderer of tombs. dur-kuii grave, tomb. dur-krod ace. to etymology denotes a cemetery, burial- 254 dus ground, but in Tibet it signifies a place to which corpses are brought to be cut into pieces for hungry dogs and vultures, this being considered a very honourable mode of burying (or rather disposing of) dead bodies, Kopp. II, 322. These places of course are haunted by demons and foul spirits; dur-Krod-pa an ascetic living at such a place, Burn I, 309. dur-rgyas the last food which a dying man eats. dur-sgam, dur-sgrom coffin. ditr-rdo tomb-stone C's. dur-spyan jackal. dur- pufl barrow, tumulus, mound, cairn. dur- byan epitaph Cs. dur - fsun } dur - fsod, food offered to the dead 6s. dur-mfsed a place for burning dead bodies Sch. ditr-sri a grave-devil, a sort of sepulchral vampire. dur -la 1. sbst. weed, weeds, Sch. 2. vb. to run Mil., dur-te rgyiig- pa to run towards a place or object, to hasten to, zds-la dur-ba to hasten to dinner, Ids-la to work (.'.; cf. ndm-dur-can. ' diir - bin W. , the Persian ,-~u .o spy-glass. d&r-bya a paring-axe; a hoe Sch. M'qr' dur-byid a purgative root, prob. = NO fdr-nu S.g. } ace. to Wdn. = tri- byi-ta (sic), prop. f^^Tjf, Ipomoea Tur- pethum. rorn* diil-bo,, prop. pf. of O did-ba, soft, of the skin etc.; tame; gentle (tem- per), easy (disposition), mild; also sbst. softness etc.; dul-p<>, W. *dul-mo* id., but only adj.; ma dul-ba untamed, rude, Dzl; *srdb-Ka (or fcd-po) dul-mo* W. soft- or tender-mouthed ; tame, manageable, tractable. Tar. 11, 14 a better reading prob. would be: dban-po O dul-bai bijid a splendour that dazzles the senses. dul-ma a kind of water-colour made of pulverized gold and silver, for painting and writing. r^r- dm 1. time, in general, dus-kyi ttor- NO lo v. K6r-lo; dus-kyi means also: happening sometimes Mil ; dus adv., for a while, for some time Lt.; del dus-su, dus de tsa-na, de-dus, dus der, at the time, at this time; dus de-nyid-du then immediately, directly afterwards; ddn-poi dus nyid-du in the very first time ; dus-su, or dus-dus- su, dus O ga-re, sometimes, now and then; de dan dus mnydm-du simultaneously wilh that Glr. ; dus yUg - tu or la at one and the same time, together; dus-cig-na (erron. ycig\ also dus re (or nani)-zig-gi fse, dus- re(-zig), once, one day, some day; dus lan-cig id. Glr.; dus pyi zig-na some fu- ture day; dus yzan zig-na another time; dus ci tsam-na at what time? when? Glr. ; dus(-na) after a genit., inf., or verbal root = when, after, zag ynyis son dus when two days had, or will have passed Mil.', na bu-moi dus-na yin-te when I was still a girl Glr. ; mgu - dus med the time of being satisfied never arrives Mil. ; btsd- dus-te as the time of giving birth has come Lt. ; frq. with Jbdb-pa: bdag O ditl-bai dus- la bob the time of my conversion has come; sometimes dus- la sleb Lt.', col.: dus sleb the time is come; ^gro-bai dus O debs-pa Dzl., byed-pa frq., to fix a time for going, also thus : nam O gro-bai dus byed-pa Dzl. ; dus kitn-tu, dus rgyiin-du always; almost pleon. in: dus dd-nas henceforth, from this time forward Mil.; de dan dus O dzom as to time it coincides with that Glr. 2. the right time, proper season; for is ex- pressed by the genit. of the inf. (cf. above: the time of my conversion); dus-su at the right or proper time, e.g. for paying off Glr.; dus ma yin-pa the wrong time; dus ma yin - par, dus - mm unseasonably, not in due time; esp. too soon, prema- turely, e.g. to die; dus-ma-yin-pa spoh-ba to abstain from doing unseasonable things. - 3 dm ysurn the three times, viz. dd- Itai, or dd-ltar-gyi, Q dds-pai, and ma-^6rts- pai^ frq., thus in dus fsiim-gyi saris- rgyds the Buddhas of the three times; often also with special reference to metempsychosis, the present, the former, and the future period of life; with respect to the times of the day: morning, noon, evening; besides nyin- dus ysum, also mfsdn-dus ysum occurs. 4. season. Here Tibetans, of course, distin- guish the four seasons of the temperate zone, dpyid spring, dbijar summer, ston autumn, dgun winter; but in books, ori- ginally written in India, either three are counted, fsd - dus hot season, yrdh - dus cold season, cdr-dm rainy season, or more accurately six: dpi/id (^Trf) s P r i Q gi i- e - March and April, sos-ka (tftm) hot season, May, June, dbyar (^f) rainy season, July. August, ston ('sp[7f) damp season, Sep- tember, October, dgun - .s/W (^jf?f) first part of winter, November, December, dyitti- XIIH'H! (flfflpt;) last part of winter, Ja- nuary, February. 5. conjunctures, times, circumstances, *dn* iU~>md* \V.. V/<//-tA ; (m-jdiri)* 6'., dm-ki/i Ji'rny-pa med-pa Ld.-G/r., dus bzdit-po Dom., peace. 6. a particular period of time, as distinguished from others, an age, *p[ (=TiJW *R^), ll<tr-ld<in, or rdzoys-lddn (^f or ^n?T) .'/<"'- /v/A.s, or ysum-lddn (%7f) rfxod - Iddn, or //<///* - uidn ftrnrO * n y'y* - m<t fafir), to be compared to the four ages of Greek mythology. - 7. year Lt. 8. symb. num.: 6. Note, dus byed-pa also sig- nifies (cf. 1 above) to fulfil the time, fsei ififs bi/rd-pa to die, to perish, also to com- mit suicide Dzl. frq.; O ci-bai dus bued-pa id. Wdn. dus dzin-pa to take the day- service upon one's self(?) Dzl. 3\S3, 3. Comp. du-9icaot v. skabs. dus-ctm, -/o///, -xffin, festival, byhl-pa to keep one. dttx-ntcdd v. mcod-pa. dus-sbi/or ('*.: judicial astrology', dux-sbyor-pa an astro- loger. dus-inf COmet Cs. dus-rtsi-/>a ( Js. 'the counting of time'. dux -fay Sch.: v///.s - /'.s/V/ ym'ir - ba new, fresh provisions, produce of the year' (?). - <///.s-/:s/y/.s, dus- iHfstimx i. period, epoch; . season Cs. - diix-txod 1. space or measure of time. 2. often for dux, <l< : i dtt$-tUd~kyi 'nti-rn<rnis the men of that time or period, de'i dttx- fxod - la at that time; also for IKUM-. diis-zih Sch.: 'time of depravity'. dus- />:<i// v. above dus-cen. <lttx-r/ti/ix 'wave of time' i.e. ebb and flood, the tides. M,,. dux-h'nj -A year yielding no crops, a sterile, bad year Pth. c- de 1. num. figure: 101. 2. affix of the gerund, for fc, after a final d. - <//' demonstrative pron. (in B. gen. placed ' after the word to which it belongs, in col. language before it, even without the termination of the genitive) that, that one. opp. to O di this, this one, yet with oc- casional exceptions. 1. when words or passages are literally quoted, the Tibetan begins with O di-skad or some similar ex- pression, and places a <Vx or de-skad after it. </z, in such a case, corresponds about to 'the following', de to 'such', or 'thus', (cf. TOVTO and rode). But elsewhere O di may also refer to what has been said before, e.g. in a reply: fsig O di ni bden-pa >//'- nam is this word (that has just been said) true? Dzl. In the context of a narrative, however, de is usually employed. 2. It frq. stands in the place of the definite article the: pa de Uy-ste son-no the father went back Mil.; esp. after adjectives and participles, where it adds to perspicuity: yzon - nu de na - re the younger one said Mil.\ sii6n-la soii-ba de he that has gone on before Mil.; <l< ; i don-dtt, del /'////(-</</), n'd-du, sldd-du, therefore, on this account, for this reason; dc'i ,<></-t>< under that, after that, afterwards; dc'i <A/.s-.s//, fxc(-n} there, then, at that time. 3 he, she, it, for Afo, which in classical style is not in use. 4. for del, in de-pij'ii; dr-dus, (abbreviations of deipyir-du, del dus-su, v. above). Plural: d( : -ddt/, d<''-rn(DH$, de-fso. Comp. and deriv. di'>-kn, r// : -/,v/, the very same, /w de-kit ii ///// the very same snow-leopard (you saw) was I myself Mil. ; de - kit Itiu just SO T/ufi/. ; di' - k >/od (in answer to a question) indeed! yes. yes! to be sure! Mil., < .. frq.: di-l.a A/^/s Mil.. id.; de /,'>/>'(/ lui/x 1'f/i., oh, this ... is you?! di'-ko-ini, df-in/.d, col. de-rnfi. the very Same, cf. kn-n<t; de-i/f</, and de-l, : -n<t- iii/id arc als.. sbst. : essence, nature '/'//////.: N< ; ///N -//// de- m/id the essence of the soul 256 de-ba Mil. de-snyed so many. de-lta, de- Itar (-f/w, or -no) SO, pa ni de-lta ma i/in-ie as it is not so with the father Sty.; de-lta-bu of that kind, quality, or manner, such, esp. in B. de-de = de, but more emphatic, exactly that; de-de-bzin-no yes, SO it is ! *dhen-c]a, de* C. = de-lta etc. de-na therein, in that place, there, here. de-nas from, thence, from that place; after- wards, then, at that time, very frq. - de- pa, de-ma Cs. one of that place, sect, religion etc. de-bas 1. after a compa- rative, than that; 2. also de-bas-na, des-na, des, therefore, consequently, now then (dry) B. frq. de-bo = de Cs. de-team SO much; de-tsam-na, de-tsa-na, then, at that time. de-teii y, W. gen. *de-zuy*, SO, thus. - de-bzin(-du} according to that, thus, so; frq. for it, de-bzin-du yndh-ho he allowed it DzL; de-bzin no-ses-nas perceiving it Glr. de-bzin-nyid (cfW) essence, Was. (272), identity (297), like cos-nyid and some other similar expressions, = ston-pa-nyid, Trigl. fol. 20. dt'-zuy = de-tsuy. de- yan, derail, i. this, or that, too; he also. 2. namely, to wit, viz., preceding specifica- tions and detailed statements, sometimes also after a gerund, in which case it cannot be rendered in English. de-ray directly, immediately Sch. de-rdn = de-K6-na, de- rdn yin that is just the thing! exactly! to be sure! col. de-rin B. and C. to -day, de-rin-gi of this day. de-ru, der, 1. into that, thereinto, into that place, .thither, that way. 2. in that, therein, in that place, there. frq. de-la to this, to that; in, on, or at this; thereat, therewith, thereto, thereon; about that, concerning that; thereof, therefore. - de-las from, out of, from that; after a com- parative and fzan, than that de-srid to such a length of time. * de-ba a medicinal herb, Med. en' den, also din, to-day, den-nas from this day forward Mil.; deii pyin-cdd or cad DzL id.; den-yi dus the present time or age; den-sdn to-day and to-morrow; now-a-days; de/i-sdti llm-ije the physicians of the present day Wd/i.; den-dus smdn- pa Lt. id. ^r-a* deii-ba, pf. and imp. of deti-ba, to go, to go away; deiis-pa seems to be the same form: so-soi ynds-su deiis J^fil., rdn-sar dens-so Pth. they went each to his own place; ndm-mKar den Mil. prob. it melted away, dissolved into air; sor-mo- rnams dens mdzdd-pa to turn the fingers upwards (?). Schr. dens-pa to ascend. ^^*^J" ded-pa, pf. of O ded-pa. deb(-md) poultice, cataplasm, ap- plied to sores and inflamed parts of the body Sch. ^qik- -snw, 'W ^fb-fer^ -rter, -ster, tibetanized form of the Persian yij documents, records, cata- logues, registers, lists, books; deb-fer-pa, deb- fer-mKan Cs. keeper of the archives or re- cords, recorder, archivist, librarian; deb-Kan chancery, government office Schr.; deb-yig cover, envelope, stitched book Sch. dem - tsi (perh. Bu - wan), a small. narrow bridge, foot-bridge L/t. " dean, v. sub de. deu(-re~) one day, some future time, DzL frq.; deu . . . deu . . . now . . . now, at one time ... at another time Mil. {Tar. 165, 18 is prob. an incorr. reading). ^' der, for de-ru, esp. as adv., then, at that time; der -</, der bas Cs. that is all, there is nothing more, finis. c^t- des \. instrum. of de; des cog with that it is enough, that will do Sch. 2. for de-bas, v. de comp. des-pa Cs. : ; fine, brave, noble, chaste; a title'; occurs frq. in DzL as a commendable quality of women. & do 1. num. figure: 131. 2. two. a pair, a couple, used only in counting, mea- suring etc.: zo do re two drams of each Med.; *td-bag do* W. two platefuls. 3. this, Schr.: do-yi don-du; gen. only in do- nub this evening, to-night Mil.; bday do- nub sdn-yi mi I, a man only for to - day and to-morrow Mil.; Cs. also do-~d<j, do- 257 dogs-pa m6d to-day. 4. an equal, a match ; a com- panion, associate, W. *yd - do* fellow, yoke- fellow, mate, comrade, consort; do-da 1. id. Mil', 2. party in a lawsuit (?); *do-da pan- tsun zib ce -pa* Cs. seems to mean: care- fully to investigate (the right of) both parties; do - med unequalled, matchless; *dho-med zan-po*, 6'., W. = for-fsuys Le,<: ' do-gar-Kd W. light-blue. do-gal importance, weight; important, weighty C., W.; *dlio-ghdl mi jhe - pa* C., * do-gal mi co-ce* W., to treat lightly, to make light of, to slight ; * di fsiy-po dho- glidl mi O duy* 6'., this word is unimportant, of no consequence; do-gdl-can important, of consequence Cs. do-ddm commission, charge, superin- tendence; *dho-dhdnt jhe -pa* C., *do-ddm Kur-ce* W., to have the superin- tendence, direction, or charge of a business, to have the keeping of a thing; do-ddm- pa 1. a commissioned, authorized person, overseer etc. ; 2. bishop Chr. Prot. do-po a load, for a beast of burden, cf. dos; *do-gom* W. saddle-cloth, housing; do-logs the load on one side of a surnpter-horse , half a load, do ya-yciy\ do-non-pa the equalizing of the load, by increasing or lessening it on one of the sides. do-ba 1. Jerusalem artichoke Sik. 2. secondary form of sdo-ba c. accus., to be a match for, to be equal in strength etc., to cope with Mil.', *srog dhan dhon- da >'<>* C. his life is at stake (da?}. d6-bo Med., prob. = do-ba I. do-mod to-day, this day, v. do. V do-rd Mil.? ^N" do-re v. ifo 2. (h-iid-fi't Hind. :i thick Shawl ^ wrapper W. do-sdl Cs. n. of an ornament hang ing down from the shoulders; Schr. mu-tig-gi do-sdl pearl-necklace; Mil. id. *^$f do-se (from fse?) now, at present Bal rm- dog col. an auxiliary vb., ace. to Lamas ' of W. and C. rtog-pa, but of differ- ent pronunciation ( W. *doy*, C. *dhoy*}. It seems to correspond to the expressions: ;is far as I know, as much as you know, to your knowledge etc. So a person may be asked: *yog-mo me bar ddg-ga(m)* has your maid - servant, for what you know, lighted a fire? whilst, if the servant herself were asked, the question could only be: *me bar-ra(m), or bar fsar-ra(iii)*. "zfrn- dog sbst, iii B. mostly doy-pa, 1 . bundle, ' clew, skein, e.g. of wool, weighing about two pounds, as much as one can hold con- veniently with the hand or twist round it (lay-doy}. 2. capsule, ar-dza-kai of the cotton plant. 3. ear of corn Le.\\\ Col. more in use: dog -dog a larger piece, Ka- ra dog - dog, lump-sugar (opp. to ground sugar); clod, clump, lump, loaf, *dog-dog c6-ce* W. to form loaves; or in general: to press, to press together, to crush, to crumple; a piece of wood, a log W. (differing from rdog) ; *ddy-ya-doy-y<? f Ld. broken in pieces, e.g. tfa-ra. dog^pa 1. v. dog sbst. 2. adj. and sbst., narrow, narrowness; dng-po, dog-mo adj.; dog-pai ynas-las far-ba Wd/'i.; fig. sin-tu dog-par gyur-to they were kept within narrow bounds Glr.; *fim dhog-po* C. strict administration of justice. dog-le an iron pan with a handle 6'., W. dogs-pa 1 . vb., to fear, to be afraid of, to apprehend, gen. \\ith the root of the pf. tense, which in earlier writings is placed in the instrum. case: nyes-pa bi/iu'i- gi* mi dogs DzL; whereas Glr.: *</ A /////'/ dogs-pai dus-su (fearing) when a hail-storm is threatening; Tar. 188, 1): ryi/<tl-*ri<l nm zin-gyi(s) doys-te being afraid (the prince) might not be able to govern; ma zin <l<'></x- pa$ (ilr. fearing lest he should not finish 258 don the matter; yso-mKan ma byun dogs-nas Glr. fearing that no deliverer would make his appearance; hence for that not, lest and similar expressions, bit mis mfon-gis dogs nas that his son might not be seen by the people Pth.; ze-sddn laris dogs tur-re gyis be on your guard lest anger should arise, take care not to grow angry! Mil. ; O gos dogs-pai Icibs dusters to prevent (things) from getting dirty Lex, ; yzdn-gyis ysdl-bar Ms-kyis dogs^-na] using distant allusions, so that the drift of a speech is not at once clear and intelligible Gram.', rarely with the supine : de - dag bag - tu, or Jbros - su dogs fearing lest they should become faint- hearted or take to flight Dzl. 2. sbst. apprehension, fear, scruple, dogs-pa skyes-te Dzl; also dogs skyes-te Glr.', dogs bsdl-ba, dogs ycod-pa to remove doubts or apprehen- sions Tar.', dogs dpyod ni dogs yc6d-do examining a scruple is as much as remov- ing it Sch. ; re-dogs hope and fear (things which a saint ought to be no longer sub- ject to) frq. ;*- don 1. a deep hole, pit, ditch, an ex- cavation deep in proportion to its breadth, e.g. a trench in fortifications, Glr.; sa-ddn id.; cu-don a well, a deep cistern; me - don a fiery abyss, pool of fire Dzl.] Sch. proposes to use it also for crater. 2. depth, deepness, profundity; don-can Cs., *don-po* W., deep; don-med not deep, shallow Cs. 3. v. O don-ba. ddn-ga n. of a tropical climbing plant, and of a sweet-tasted lenient purga- tive Med. sfc'^' don-pa padlock, don-pa )ug -pa to put a padlock on. ddn-po, ldon-po 1. tube, any hollow cylindrical vessel, = pu-ri; don-bu a small ditto; spa-don a tube etc. of bamboo, sin-doit a tube etc. of wood; Icags-don of iron ; mda-don a quiver, don- ba Glr. id. ; don-mo, ldon-mo a Small churn, = gur-gur. 2 a shuttle, made of a piece of bamboo. rr*(r' dou-tse, Sch. also doti-fse, don-rtse, piece of money, coin, yser-gyi gold coin Dzl.; esp. a small coin, used (like penny) proverbially for a small sum, Dzl. 3C7,9; ^, 6. sK'S^r don-zil(?) W. Corydalis mc'ifolia. ^p*3' doii-ze wasp Cs. ^r- dod an equivalent, VmZ med-na dod cig ' fob gos* W. if you have no money, I must receive an equivalent; dei dod ci- dra yod, what is the equivalent, what shall we get for it? Mil. ; bu-dod adoptive son, ned- kyi bu-dod mdzod pray, suffer yourself to be adopted by us Mil. ; skad - dod verbal equivalent, synonym, translation Lex.-, dod- du as an equivalent, as payment, for, instead of, at, e.g. at a moderate price; Icyod-kyis nai sfobs-kyi dod mi per Glr., gen. *minori* r., you cannot cope with me in strength, you are no match for me. ^r-q- dod- pa to project, to be prominent, gen. with Jbur - du\ also elongated (Botany) Wdn. 1" don (Ssk. ^f%), resp. (at least in some 1 ' of its applications) zabs-don Pth. \ . sense, meaning, signification, go-ba to understand, O grel-ba to explain; don rnyed-par dkd-bai yig -Jbru letters the meaning of which is not easily understood Glr. ; don mi O dug that makes no sense ; O dii don ci yin what does that mean? zal ni Kai don yin: ''zal' signifies the same as Ka; dpe bzi don dan liiai mgur a psalm, containing four parables, together with their explanation, as being the fifth (part) Mil.; rdh-gi-sems-la don gyis refer the signification, make the application, to your own soul Mil.; . . . kyi don-du bsad, it is explained in the sense of . . ., as having the same meaning as ... Gram.; don mfun- no they agree in this sense, on that point, they say so unanimously Glr.; don de-la soms think over this sense, i.e. over the meaning of this significant example Mil.; zu-don application, petition, request; con- tents, Tar. 45, 19.; also opp. to fsig (word, form) ; cos-bynn-na spri-ti-ma zer-ba O dug- ste don mfun in the cos - byun, it is true, he is called Spritirmi, but the contents (i.e. 259 don dor the things related about him) agree, are the same Glr.; ties -don, and drdii-don \. ties-pa extr.; idea, notion, conception Was. (283); as the heading of a chapter or pa- ragraph, e.g. sdiy-pa ddg-pai don of the expiation of sin. Rarely in a subjective sense : don-med byis-pa thoughtless children Mil. 2. the true sense, the real state of the case, the truth, (cf. </ n-il<iin\ esp. don- ld, sometimes also don-gyis Tar. 102, 12, in truth, in fact, really Glr. and elsewh. ; to speak the truth Thyy.\ di'm-la bltd-na col. id.; also for: true! surely! indeed, for- sooth. 3. intent, purpose, design; profit, advantage, </// don ci yin what is your mean- ing and intent (of doing that)? soti-soti-bai don med Dzl. going on is to no purpose; don med bzin-du without seeing the use of it, without understanding the purpose HV//.; with the genit. of the noun : the profit, ad- vantage, the good, of a person, mii don byed- pa to promote a person's welfare; esp. with reference to holy men, O gro(-bai") don byed- JHI to work for the welfare of (all) beings, very frq. ; of priests col. : to act officially, to sacrifice; gain, profit, v. ynycr-b(i\ in a concrete sense: some particular advantage, prerogative, good or blessing obtained, frq.; pdn-pai don a useful thing, bde-bai don a gift of fortune, vnyed-pa to obtain it; ditos- (jriib mcoy - yi don the excellency of the highest perfection; hence don-du postp. c. genit. 1. for, for the good or the benefit of; 2. for the sake of. on account of; c. genit. of inf. in order to, that; 3. rarely: in the place of, instead of, against, for, zas nor- iiyi ilun-du O fson-ba to sell food for money Mil. 4. in a general sense: affair, concern, business, /-a i/ -(<//) don one's own affairs, one's own interest (cf. n. 3); yzan-(yyi) don the interest cf ethers; also melon, for dlS- interestedness Mil. (*S.s/i. mnr) ; don mdit- IKIS on account, of much business (syn. ///r/- //) Dzl. ; chief or main point (ni f.), yso- /><i-i'/'/-jiK/' d&n-rnamru nnlor tdb-ba to sum up the principal points of medical science; r .s tlon yxinn-lii tliix-ti' religion being re- duced to three main points (/w.s, /}</</, ///</) Glr. ; don sgrub-pa, or O grub-pa to settle an affair, to obtain one's end, to attain to happiness. 5. in anatomy don Ina are: the heart, lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys JAW. -, cf. snod. 6. document, cdd-don a written contract, agreement; ce(d}-don a letter (to an inferior person). Comp. d>'m-can, don dan Iddn-pa 1 . use- ful, profitable, expedient, e.g. fsig Th</y. 2. en- joying an advantage. 3. having a certain sense. don-mfun a merchant (. 's. ; dpal daii Iddn-pai don-mfun -dag most honourable merchants! don-dag 1. Sch. business, af- fairs (?). 2. col. = don 1. don-dam (n - <^|^), the true sense, subjectively: good earnest, col. W. ydits-pa man don-dam yin it is not (said in) jest, but in good earnest; ob- jectively : don-ddm-par dbyer-med in truth, (after all, upon the whole, in the end), it is all the same Gram. ; don-dam rndm-par nes-pai cos Glr. prob. = don-ddm-pai bden- pa absolute truth Was. (293) ; in later times = stoii-pa-nyid Trigl. 20; Mil. * don-das* W. (lit.- bras) = ce-don? y- don num. for bdun-cu, don-yciy etc. ! 71, 72 etc. to 79. don -pa for Q t6n-pa Glr. in one passage, prov. in C. dob-dob, dob -dob smrd-ba to talk stuff, nonsense Sch. ... dom the brown bear; dom-bu 1. Sch. the cub of a bear, 2. 6s.: a species of black dogs, resembling a bear. F*MT' dom-ddmCs.: ornamental fringes hanging down from the neck of a horse ; Wdn. : me-tog rtd-yi dom-dom O dra. ttrx: ( - lom ~ ra screen ? shade for the eyes and the like /SW/. ^. ,lor a pair of draught cattle; gla/t-dt>r a yoke of oxen dor-ba v. .dor-ba. breeches, trowsers, dor-ffm short lireeches. <A>/-/v'/J long drawers. lro\vsers 6s.; snam-dor from xnam-lnt; dnr- //,/ 1. that part of the breeches \\liieh covers tin- privy parts, v. rf ; i/i'iys-sa-moi dor- /fd (//'.s- y:n snt/<, rm<'i-ln />// Ml///., the 260 dol drdg-pa middle part of a widow's drawers pre- vents epilepsy and heals wounds. 2. W. = dor-ma? Q>' dol 1. net, esj). fishing-net, *tdm-pa* to spread, to fix it C'., W.; {nya-)dol- pa a fisherman, of. j-dol-pa. 2. W. stew- pan. 3. dol ycod - pa to split, to cleave Sch. jj- dos a load (of a beast of burden) that has to be carried by compulsory ser- vice, without being paid for; Kal-dos id.; ja-dos a load of tea carried in this manner; dos ^gel-ba to load (on), to pack, dos O bogs- pa (not Q pog-pa Cs.) to unload; dos-pa a conductor of such loads Cs., dos-dpon the leader of a caravan of such loads; dos drdg-pa 1. Mil. prob.: hard compulsory service; 2. perh. also: severe in exacting it, e.g. a feudal lord. r'-r- ^c*^* drd-ci, drdn-ci Pur. a flat -s. ? basket. S'ri" drd-pa a small copper coin, used in the western part of the Himalaya, a thick paisa. of the value of half a penny. drd-ba I. sbst. ^[^, 1- grate, lattice; net, net -work, lus-la drd-bar Jbrel (the veins) are spread throughout the body like net-work S.g. ; ru- pai drd-ba the frame-work of bones, the skeleton Thgtj.; ^.od-zer-gyi drd-la a pencil or aggregate of rays of light (lit. lattice-work of rays) Glr.; dra mig id., esp. col.; lcdgs-(kyi) dra(-mig} iron railings; grate; gridiron ; rgyd- dra wooden rails, fence C., W.; dm-(bd) pyed(-pd) Lex., Glr. 'half-lattice', technical term for a kind of silk ornament; drd- ba-can latticed, grated; dr a- lag- drd- lag- can having many forked ends or branches, of the horns of a stag. 2. a bag made of net-work C's , dra-pdd, dra-cuh id. 3. the web of water-fowls. II. vb., pf. dra*, W. *de-ce*, to cut, clip, lop, dress, prune, pare (leather, cloth, paper, wings etc. with knife or scissors); also fig.: pai min-nas drds-te borrowing (a syllable) from the father's name Glr. (twice); cf. also Tar. 107, 13; *feb-dh?- pa* C. one that cuts the strings (of a purse) on his thumb, i.e. a cut-purse, pick- pocket; gos-drds cloth cut out for a garment Cs. ; dras-spydd scissors Sch.; dra-gri Cs.: 'a tailor's knife used for shears'; drai (sic) ro Sch., *dc-riig, fa-de* W. clippings, cut- tings, remnants. _.. drd-ma experienced, practised, learned "^ Sch.; so perh. Pth. , where however bra-ma and tra-ma is the usual form. _._. dra-zu, or *dra-su* W. a small pan ~^ with a handle; a ladle. -OT- d ra( J 1- M 7 - t ne P s *; an V parcels or ^ ' goods conveyed by post, the Hind. ^TCR. - 2. expedient, profitable, of use, pt'd-ba drag - gam will it be of any use, well- applied, if I give? Mil. ; ji byas kyah ma drag whatever I did, it was of no use Pth. ; na ei-ltar byds-na drag what course will it be expedient to take? what shall I do best? Pth.; *ci dhag, ghan dhag* C, what is right? what is expedient? ndd-pa drag-pas cog it is sufficient, if the patient is getting better Mil. ,-_... drdg-pa 1. noble, of noble birth C., ' :: 'drdg-po* W. ; mi drdg-pa, or merely drdg-pa, a nobleman; drag -rigs nobility, gentry; drag-par byed-pa to raise to nobi- lity, drag-par Q gyur-ba to become a noble- man Cs.; drag-sos an inferior officer or ma- gistrate Cs. 2. gen. drags -po, W. also drag-can, (Ssk. <fto, -^j) strong, vehement, violent cu drag -pa a rapid river, violent current; brtson- grus drag -pa O bdd-pa or O dun-pa drag - pa unbending, unwearied application; skad drag-pa a powerful voice; Krims drag-pa a severe punishment; snyin- rje drag yearning compassion; strong, for- cible, of expressions or language ; moreover an epithet of terrifying deities, particularly of Siwa {Ssk. '^), drag-mo fern.; zi rgyas (llntit, drag v. sub zi-ba. Adv. drag-tu vehemently, violently, e.g. to pull, to lament, to implore: hastily, speedily, e.g. to come Wdn. ; drag -por, e.g. drag - por bead - de bkldg-par byao in reading a marked stop should be made Gram.; ha-can mi-drdg- par very gently, softly; drdg-gis, dad-pa to believe firmly Mil. 3. drdg-pa pos- drag* sessing a quality in a high degree, diig- drag-pa Stg. very poisonous. 4. syrnb. num. 11. Comp. drag-ndd, v. dreg-ndd, gout. -- drag -rtaal- can = drdg-po, of deities. drug-zdn strong and weak, e.g. the relative force of sound Gram.', also high and low, with respect to rank. drag - xul fright- fulness, drag-Mil-can frightful, terrible, power- ful ; cruel, frq., yet chiefly with respect to the power manifested by gods and sor- cerers. drag-j'xcd. lit. 'cruel hangman', a terrifying deity v. Schl. Ill, 214. drags adv. very, much, greatly, man- drags MIL very much; adj. much, strong, intense, bza-btun -drags eating and drinking a great deal S.g. ; dran-drdgs an intense, most vivid, remembrance of a per- son Mil., an ardent longing or desire; dga- drdgs-nas being very happy, highly rejoiced rili , (.'. O gyod-drdgs-nas feeling deep re- pentance Mil. ; bsten drdgs-na if one continues it too long S.g. ^C" dratt a kind of bear Sch. ^C'Sf <l> ' f i'' l -P 0^5) Straight 1. not de- viating from the direct course, not crooked or oblique, fig, lam etc. frq. ; his dr<'n't-po ^jog-pa to sit straight; *Ka bub- ne ddu-po co - ce* W. to place a thing straight or upright again; *ied-la ddn-po* W., horizontal. 2. right, e.g. lam, opp. to log -pa. 3. sincere, honest, upright, truthful, drdn-poi ran-bzin-can-gyi pyir be- cause they have an upright character Dzl.', las drdn-po good actions, righteous deeds, opp. to rtsub-j)o violent, unjust Stg.', /t'rims dnitf-jio 1. a just sentence, righteous judg- ment, opp. to log-pa. 2. applied to men, with regard to their acting according to just ire and the law (v. /Wwv.s); ms-///v///- /"/ honest, upright, with respect to religion and the divine law; also drdn-po alone, whenever it is not to be misunderstood, may be used for our just. draft - /><>r, fxig drtiH- f H>r smr<i-b<t to be candid, to speak the truth, frq. draft-dun. \. ftf^-fia. extr. <lr<n'i-li<i 1. aliMract noun to draft- drdn-pa ^r'.n* po. 2. pf. to O d riii-pa. 261 ---^-- drait-sroii, ^f^, 1 . a holy hermit, ^ "^ an order of men, introduced from Brahmanism into Buddhism. These saint < are looked upon partly as human beings, partly as Dewas, and at any rate as being endowed with miraculous powers Dzl. frq. 2. At present the Lama that offers *///'n-srey is stated to bear that name, and whilst he is attending to the sacred rites, he is not allowed to eat anything but <//>//- zas (v. dkar-po). 3. symb. num.: 7. drdn-dri Lh. the beam of a pair of scales, Hind, ^fr r,T'jn* drdn-pa I. vb. j, 1. to think of, c. accus., with or without jrfcZ-fo, gen. to think of past events, to remember, re- collect, call to mind, drin benefits, v. drin-, hijiin-ba-rnams that which has happened Glr.; more emphatically: rjes-su drdn-pa frq.; but also dkon-mcog drdn-pa to think of, to remember, God; sdug-jx) yon-ba de ma drdn-pa yin do not think of, do not trouble yourself about, future evils Mil. ; bskyis-par mi drdn-no I do not recollect having taken anything on credit Dzi; dnhi- pa fsdm-gyis as soon as one thinks of it, quick as thought Thgr.', so-so-nas. . . drdn- par gyis sig every body should think of . . . Dzl. (the simple imp. seems not to be used); (rjes-su) drdn-par byed-pa also: to remind of, to put in mind of, to revive the memory Of, = drdn-du Jug-pa, dr<ni-d-id l>!l<'<l-pa Lex. 2. to become conscious of, to recollect, rmi-lam a dream 7Vt.; draft- par O gyiir - ba to recover one's senses, to be one's self again Dzl.', ciaii ml drdn-pa insensible Dzl.', mi drdn-pai ^oy-tu after they had become insensible Dzl. 3. to think of with love or affection, to be attached to, to long for, a-ma for the mother col.; *dran-sem* W. love, affection, attachment; dran-mcog-r)c dearest Sir! Mil. II. sbst. ^nfff, ^j-^, 1. remembrance, re- collection, remfniscence ; memory frq.: d run- pa ysdl-po a retentive memory. 2. con- sciousness, nfor is lost; fugs dnm-iin'-d-du t /in -pa to lose one's senses, ivsp. Mil.: drait-nn'i l-dtt />rgi/~ d-fa id.: </r<ht-f><t /V///M/- 50}' dral drin pa to recover one's senses Pth. ; yso - ba id.; dran- dzin-med-pa being out of one's senses (with joy") Glr.; self-possession, con- sideration, dran-med without consideration, inconsiderate; sems-can smyon-pa-dag drdn- pa so - sdr rnyed insane persons regained the respective faculties of their minds S.O., drdn-pa yzuns-pa prob. quickness of ap- prehension, good capacity; drdn-pa nydms- pa weak-minded; dran-yod, dran-lddn, remembering, being in one's senses 6s.; dran-se's for drdn-pa dan ses-rdb Mil.; *dhem-pa ma-ii-po Ko-la sar* C. he is uneasy, troubled, full of scruples and ap- prehensions. J-QJ- dral \. v. Icam-mo. 2. v. O dral-ba. 3. for gral. dral-tse a kind of courier or messen- ger Cs. dras v. dra-ba II. j&. dri, col. also dri- ma, odour, smell, scent, "^ dri-zim(-po\ dri-bsun Dzl. an agreeable sin ell, sweet scent; dri-bzdn(-po) 1. id., 2. 6s. also saffron; dri -nan, prob. also dri-log, W. *dri sog-po*, 6s. dri-mi-zim an unpleasant smell, a stench; dri bro-ba to exhale an odour Glr.; *di num-pa or nom- pa* to inhale an odour; W.: *kyur-(li, nyifi-di, dug-cli, me-di, riil-di, hdm-di rag* I perceive a sour, stale, burnt, smoky, putrid, mouldy smell; *fsig-di, zob-di* a smell of burnt food, burnt wool; dri l/'ta five odours or perfumes used in offering; dri - Ka Sch. : urinous smell (?); dri - nod vapour, exhalation, fragrance; dri-can Ite- ba bag of the musk-deer; musk Wdii.; dri-cu scented water, perfume 6s. (yet cf. dri-ma), dri-cen a medicinal herb Lt. dri-ytsaii-Kdn, iTO^z, a sacred place, a chapel, conjectures about the etymology of the word v. Burn. I, 262. dri- dzin po., the nose. dri-za, also dri-za-mo fern., 7T?rw an ea * er f fragrance, in Brah- manism the heavenly musicians, and so also in Buddhism painted as playing on guitars, but usually (in accordance with the ety- mology) thought to be aerial spirits, that feed on odours of every description. They are supposed not only to be fond of flowers and other fragrant objects, but also to visit dunghills, tlaying-places, shambles etc., the various substances of which are accordingly dedicated to them (cf. ytor-ma). The in- sects, swarming about such places, the Tibetan believes to be incarnated dri-za. dri-zai gron(-Kyer} mirage, fata morgana. r-q- dri-ba question, dri-ba O dn-ba to ask "^ a question, mi-la a person; dri -bed Ian, dris-ldn, answer; dri-rtog ma man Mil., 6'., *dhi gya ma jhe or ce* 6s., don't ask long! do not ask many questions! ^.^r dri-bo an enchanter, sorcerer, magician, "^ dri-mo enchantress, witch Mil. a.^. dri -ma, ?M, 1- dirt, filth, impurity; ^ excrement, ordure; lag-(pai) dri(-ma) marks left by dirty fingers on books etc.; snd-dri mucus, snot, snivel .</.; dri -ma yzum the three impurities, excrement, urine, sweat; but sometimes more are enumerated ; frq. fig.: nyes-pai, nyon-mons-pai, fca-na- ma-fo-bai dri -ma; dri -ma kun zdd-nas after all impurities have been put off Dzl.; dri-cu 1. urine, O dor-ba to urinate Glr. ; res- ga rah-byun-gi dri-cu sten sometimes (in my extremity) I had recourse to my own water Mil. 2. v. sub dri. dri- cen feces of the intestinal canal. <///- ma -can dirty, sluttish, as to dress: <///- ma-med-pa clean, cleanly. 2. for dJcrir ma, v. dkri-ba. j&q. drin Cs. = 'drin kindness, favour;" yet, 7 yzan drin, mi jog Lejc. , yzdn - gyis <lri//-la mi ^jog - cin rah-gi cos zugs-so Dom. ? One dictionary renders it by TCfltf. knowledge; certainty, faith, confidence 5^j- drin, resp. bka-drin., rarely sku-di'in ' Glr., kindness, favour, grace, bid -mat tlrln-gyis by the grace of my Lama, of my spiritual father, of my patron saint Mil. ; in addressing a person, kyed (or Kyod)- kyi bka- drin -gyis is gen. used; mai drin benefits conferred by a mother Thgy.; drin- can, drin-ce kind, gracious, benevolent; benefactor, drin - can pa - md the parents, these benefactors; drin-can mar-pet, Marpa 263 full of grace (Milaraspa's Lama); fsc O di- la drin ce-sos rdii-gi ma yin the greatest benefactress for this life is one's own mother; bod-la bka-drin ce-ba lags-so this turned out the greatest benefit for Tibet G-fr.; a-ma dnn-cen kindest mother! (says a king to a wonder-working female saint) I 'lit.: drin d run-pa as a vb., to acknowledge a kindness, to feel obliged; as a sbst. thank- fulness, gratitude T/if/y.; /,'^W-/-/// <///// rtdg- tu d run-pas as I shall always feel greatly obliged to you Dzl.; dei bka-drin d run- t-lit full of thankfulness towards him Dzl.', drill rjcd-pa unmindful of obligations; drin yzo-ba, drin-du yzo-ba, dnn-ldn gldn- pa, drin-ldn bsdb-pa, W. *din-zo tan-ce* to return benefits, to show one's self grate- ful; drin fzo-zifi Ian byao you shall not have done it for nothing/)^.; drin-ldn- du as a gift made in return, a return- present. ^q\qq* ('/>$-#) *dib-siT, a corrupt form for dril-bu ysil, Ld., = yytr-K-a. j^ r drim (spelling?) stump, trunk, of a tree or plant, deprived of top and branches Ld. <s^ ^V drin v. di-f. SNa ^nj- dril, gen. dril-bn, bell; dril srog-pa to ring the bell; to publish by ringing a bell; dril -Ice the tongue of a bell, the clapper; dril-yziigs the body of a bell Cs. } Glr.', drif-M/r<i the voice or sound of a bell, peal of bells; dril-Kau bell-tower, belfry; dril - .sV/v/.s the frame of timber, on which bells are suspended. dnl-ba v. years. drinj-s<jr<i- the so-called article, presenting itself in the following six forms: pa, ba, ma, po, bo, mo. di'i's-pa v. O dri-hd. di'h'bu = <Ji'ii-l>n, t/rii - t/u, a clue or ball, of wool etc. ' ' -CT- dnuj num. six, drug -pa, drug-pod. N3 dgu; yi-ge dnig-pa or -ma the prayer of the six letters, the Ommanipadmeliimu (}lr.\ ilriiij-i-ii sixty; drini-cn-rfxu-yclg ( W. * >! ii <j- < -!<'-! !<!*}, or re-ycig, sixty one; drttg-brgyd six hundred; drng - stoii six thousand; dfug-fal-tk&r a cycle of sixty dmdr, two sorts of turkoise < *. ^^-- dmii the space near, and esp. before x-> a person or thing, po-bmii - gi drnii gdn-na-ba d<'i <liig-nas alighting on the place before the palace Dzl. ?V, 3; gen. with na, du, nas. 1. adv. near to, near by. to or at the side of, before, to, off from; driiii-du rt6g-pa to examine personally, face to face, orally Dzl.', drun-du O gr6-ba to go near or up to. 2. postp. c. genit. (less corr. c. accus.), siii-gi drun-na near, or under the tree, drun-du id.; to or town n Is the tree; drun-nas away from (the tree); rgydl-poi druu-du to the king, before, in presence of (coram) the king; driit'f - j>, resp. sku-drun-pa, one standing near, a waiting man, a page in ordinary ( 's. dritii- Jtor train, retinue. driiii-ynas-pa com- panion, associate. druit-yig(-pu} secretary. druit-Jso-la private physician, physician in ordinary Cs. When preceded by zabs it becomes a respectful term, e.g. in the direction of a letter, where it stands for our 'to' (lit. 'to the feet, of N.N.'). dmn-po 1. prudent, sensible, judicious, wise Mil., in conjunction with ycdit- po; so also Pth. ycaii-drun-ldait-pa. 2. sincere, candid C. 3. diligent? __^.. dru/'/s root, of rare occurrence; dritita ^ (-nas) pyuii exterminated, destroyed root and branch, Lex. druns-pa clarified, clear ( '. ; bzes- dmns resp. for can, beer, Ts. drud 1. v. O drud-pa. 2. drud-dritd pelican Sch. drub-pa v. O drub-pa. > r p n* dmm-pa to have a strong desire, to Ni long, languish, pine, for, X<-l<. dt'/<*-ma millet Sch. & </r< 7!s., drt-n. L,'.r., din Lit., divl (!/,:. ^ mule, dn'-jio. /"'>-<//< he-mule, dn'-in, mn-dre she-inulc. 264 dre-bo ..< dre-bo Lt., dre - mo Mng., *de - mon* ? W., elbow. ZTn-rr dreg-pa, dregs -pa 1. any dirt that is removed by scraping, whereas dri-ma is washed off; more particularly: 2. soot, which is also used as a medicine Wdn. ; Run-dreg id. ; sgron-dreg lamp-black ; dan-dreg soot on a kettle ; Icdgs - dreg v. Icags', fdl-dreg, rdo-dreg Med. ? so-dreg tartar incrusting the teeth Med. dreg- bdl flakes of soot. dreg-ndd gout; dreg- grum id. dregs-pa 1. pride, haughtiness, ar- rogance, Ken-dcgs id.; dregs -pa nyams pride is put down, humbled; dregs- pa skydn-ba to lay aside, to put off pride; nor-gyis dregs purse-proud Lex. 2. proud, haughty, arrogant, = dregs-pa-can] dregs-pa (-can fams-cdd the great, the proud, the people of high rank, the great ones of this world Pth.; in the world of spirits, with or without bgegs : the powerful demons. 3. as a vb.: ro-tsas dregs fse when the sexual impulse is strong Med. dred (Zam. rf^f) hyena, which name has prob. been transferred by the in- habitants of the mountainous districts to the dred, an animal better known to them) the yellow bear; mi-dreda, bear that devours men Mil. ; pyugs-dred a bear destructive to cattle; dred-po he-bear, dred-mo she-bear. dred-fsdn a bear's den. dred-siu-sin hazel-nut tree Sch. dred-po I. Sch.: 'evasive, lazy', yet cos-med dred-po zol-zog yyo-rgyu- can? 2. load, burden, esp. a heavy load C., dred-po d red-pa = Kre's-po grdg-pa, to cord a load. -... dred-ma, rtsa-drcd-ma Glr. dres- "^ ' ma', ddm-dred-ma Mil.? $Q* $ftJ" dreu, drel, v. dre; dreu-rnog -^>' ^ 1. the mane of a mule. 2. a couch, or stuffed -seat 6s. 3. a kind of long-haired cloth. dres-ma 1. C. a kind of grass, of which ropes and shoes (of great durability) are made; Glr. died-ma\ dres- mai ge-sdr S.g. the filaments of dres-ma', j- ' J' dros-pa dres- bru Cs., dres- brum S.g. the seeds of drt'x-ma. 2. W. Iris kamaonensis. r^ dro (cf. dro-ba), 1. the hot time of the "^ day, from about 9 o'cl. a. m. till 3 o'cl. p. m.; dro-la bdb-nas when this time arrived Dzl.', snd-dro the morning, pyi-dro \. the later part of the afternoon, 2. W. *pi-ro* evening, night. 2. a meal taken about noon, lunch; dro btdb-pa to lunch; dro-lug a sheep intended to be eaten for a luncheon; dro-sd meat intended for such a purpose. 5fjb" dro-ba 1. to be warm, v. dros-pa; gen. "^ adj. warm, dro-baiynas a warm place; dro - bar O gyur - ba to grow warm. 2. warmth (bdg-dro v. sub ur). drogsSch.: 'packed up, made up into pack or parcel'. )* dron(s) v. O dren-pa. 5gw drdit - ma a large basket or dosser, provided with a lid, and carried on the back, Hind. q?TTTT- rr- drod 1. warmth, heat, e.g. of the sun; ' drod-yser warmth and moisture; clrod- kyi sin a tropical tree Wdii.; me-drod 1. the heat of the fire Lt. 2. prob. animal heat, perh. because it is supposed to arise from a union of the fiery element with a germ originated by conception. 2. Ka - drod zun ycig a small piece of food, Ka-zds, and prob. incorrect for Ka-brod enjoyment of the mouth. lam-la drod fob-pa Mil. was explained: to have a cheerful mind, free from doubts and apprehensions on the way (to heaven), drod, therefore, seems to stand here for brod. drod-rtags, Mil., was explained as being new knowledge, new perceptions, as a fruit of long medi- tation; one Lex. has drod -rig-pa = TTT^W experienced or well-versed in measure. dron-mo*co\. warm, zan-dron warm food. ^p^* drol v. O drol-ba. f~ri' dros, Sch. = dro', dros-cen noon, mid- day, dros-cuii forenoon (?). dros-pa, pf. of dro-ba, heated, grown warm, esp. of the ground by the dha-mdn heat of the sun, of men, by warm clothing; dros son the ground has grown warm, the snow is beginning to melt; dros-na when it is getting warm; di gon-na dros lags if you put that on, you will be warm Mil. ; fse ycig dros -pai gos warm clothing for one period of existence Mil. ma-drox- pa n. of the Manasarowara or lake of Mapam in Nari. The Hindoos describe it as something like a northern ocean, in- habited by Nagas (v. klu), and the Tibetans in good faith repeat such fables, at least in their literature, although they know better. ^$|3f dha-mdn Ld.-Glr. Schl. fol. 17, b., 5S v. Ida-man. r-c- dfni-tt, (\lf7T a shaker, agitator?) a K ' word of more recent mystical physio- >c logy, 'the middle vein', = dbu-ma (cf. yft'tnt-po and fi'g-lc) Thgr., Mil., Wdn. The Lamas consulted by me asserted, not quite in accordance with books, dhu-ti to denote u kind of rlnii in the body (which would agree with w to blow, and with 7ivevf.ioi), a vital power closely connected with the soul, supporting it during lifetime, and leaving it only when separated by death. I Ins would be anew or second signification of dhu-ti, although I cannot vouch for the correctness of the above statement, nor am I able to decide, whether dhu-ti and - ba-dhuti are quite the same. a-ba-dhuti- I'ti Tar. 187,8 is a proper name, Schf. -q- dhe-la, Hind. \j^ half a paisa, the K smallest coin, equal to the tenth part of a penny, W. rncm/^TV yd a y(s) 1- fut. of O dogs-pa. - ' 2. ydayx the light, day ('*., opp. to xribs. 3. in Stg. yddff9-pa occurs frq. as a translation of inn wisdom. -. yilai'i, rtltu't (l<l fi'?} \. clothes- stand, rack or rail for hanging up clothes, yddii-la go* f d:<ir-/>a, <jel-ba; yddii-bti } . peg 01- nail, for the same purpose. 2. skdt-kyi ydan(-bti) L<',i\, *&ral-ddn* W., step of a ladder. 2. col. for y<l<;<. y<I<iii-lxt, y<hh't*-i>d. to open wide, mouth and no>trils, to gape l>. and col.; fddfi-pai Kro-zdl an angry face with the mouth wide opened Glr. ' ydans 1. music, harmony, melody, = hs, myags, also ydans-snyan; ydaits byed-pa to make music C. 2. resp. for dprdl-ba forehead Cs. ydd/ls-pa 1 . v. yddii-ba. 2. resp. one recovering from illness, con- valescent, with snyun, bsnyun-ba Leje. ; *ra dan* W. he has recovered from his drunken fit, has become sober again. y dan > ^n^T' res P- bzugs-ydan W., a bolster, or seat composed of several quilts or cushions, put one upon the other (five for common people, nine for people of quality), cf. O bol; ydan-lcri a throne Glr.; ydan-rdbs a succession of teachers Tar. 199,4. The word is much used in polite expressions : ydan O degs-pa to take leave, to withdraw, to depart; yddn-sa i. place of residence, bla- mai Mil. ; dga - ston - yyi place of a festival Glr. 2. situation, position, rank, ni f., Mil.-, yddn- dren-pa to invite, = spy an- O dr en-pa, to appoint, to nominate, dpon-du a chief, a leader Glr. ; to go to meet (?//.; *dan-su- ce* W. id. ; *dan-kyal-ce* W. to accompany, as a mark of attention ; dan-peb-pa to arrive Sch, 'q* yddb-pa, fut. of O debs-pa. yddm-ka W., ydam-naLe.r., choice, election, *ddm-ka c6-c W. to choose, to elect; yddm-na byed-pa Lex. id. yddm-pa, fut. of O doms-pa, yddms- pa, pf. of O ddms-pa, to advise, rgydl-po-la yddm-pai mdo adviser of kings, a mirror for sovereigns Thyy.; yddms-pa sbst. advice, counsel, doctrine, precept, /</<// ndy, W. 9 yddm8-ka , yddtM-Kcf (cf. / r d- tfd-lta), resp. zal-yddms, bka- y<l<imx id.: yddms-pa cig zu we ask for some advice Glr.; pan -pa yddms-pa a good advice; yddtiix-Hdg st6n-pa Lc.r., *dd ni-k<i , or Icd- f<i f<iit-ce* W. to give an advice, to advi-e: ydams-r'idg O ddms-pi t'*i<j the imperative mood, expressing command or exhortation (f rum. ydd-l>a, eleg. for '/''.'/-/'" /> and A7m/.x, i. to be, to be there, d,, 17* 266 ,'d(i how many arc there here ? 7,am. ; sgyiir- gin yda Glr.; rtog-tu ydao he or it may be discerned, distinguished DzL; pyin-nas yda he had arrived Mil.; no other negative than mi can precede it: zdbs-mfil-la cu reg-pa tsdm-las mi yda the water did not reach above the soles of the shoes Mil. 2. with par it expresses uncertainty, vague- ness, fsegs - par yda he may possibly go, Pth.; O di yin-pa (col. for par") yda he seems to be this (man) Pth. ; cf. O dug-pa. 3. to say, cf. mci-ba. yddl-ba another form for rdal-ba. uti-ba rnr^'n' ydiii-ba another form for O din-ba; also sbst. : ydin - ba dan bgo - ba carpets and clothes, i.e. all sorts of textures, . ydu-ba \. another form for sdu-ba to gather, to collect. 2. another form for ydun-ba(?) Sch.: to love; cf. rnyed-la ydu Zam. rnr'CT 1 ydu-bu Glr. , ydu-gu Glr. , fdub-bu So the usual form, ring for the wrist, bracelet, or for the ankle, an ornament of Hindoo women; lag (resp. pyag}-ydub bracelet; rkan (resp. zabs)-ydub foot-ring; soi' (col. ser)-ydub finger-ring Glr.; yser- ydub gold-ring, dnul-ydub silver-ring; yser- ser-ydub a golden finger-ring; *tdg-ce* W. to put on (a ring). ydug-pa \. poison - dug, ydug-pa ysum Dzl. = dug ysum; zds - su ydug-pa zd-ba Dom. 2. in general: any thing hurtful, or any injury, mischief, harm done; as adj. noxious, mischievous, dangerous, ydug-pa-can, of animals, demons, wicked men; dug-sbrul ydug-pa -can dangerous venemous serpents Glr.; dre-srin ydug-pa man many mischievous demons Glr.; yditg- pai bsdm-pa propensity to destroy, destruc- tiveness, ferocity, of beasts of prey Glr.: ydug-pai nd-ro wild screams Mil.; ydug- rtsub ferocity, malice, spite Mil.; stdr-bu ydug-pa tser-ma-can buckthorn with horrible spines Wdn.; also for mischief done by evil spirits Mil. mrrjKj* ydugs I. resp. dbu-ydugs 1. parasol. C ' umbrella, B., C. 2. canopy, bal- dachin: *}>!/{- ydugs a covering, shelter, awning, for several persons Glr. ; ydugs O bubs-pa to raise a canopy, to put up a shade or screen; of peacocks: to spread the tail. II. eleg. mid-day, noon, sdh-gi ydiigs-la for to-morrow noon DzL; noon -tide heat (cf. dugs}, ydugs-med ydoh-pa ydiigs-kyis yduns an unprotected face is molested by the heatL&r.; ydugs-fsod 1. noon-tide, dinner- time, 2. dinner. znrr- yduii, resp. for rus(-pa}, 1. bone, Q, bones, remains, esp. as rin-srd, also yduu-rus, sku-ydun; yser-yduh, diiul-ydiul the gold and silver palls covering the re- mains of the highest Lamas. 2. family, lineage, progeny, descendants, rigs ni rgyal- rigs-so,ydun-nigau-ta mao as to caste, he be- longs to that of the ruler, as to family, he is a descendant of Gotama ; also fig. : sans-rgyds- kyi yduii DzL the spiritual children of Bud- dha, the saints; yduii-brgyud yod the house, the family, is still existing Glr. ;yduii(brgyud) O dzin-pai sras a first-born male, by whom the lineage may be continued, frq.; also for any single descendant Glr. yduti- sgrom Sch. coffin, Schr. funeral urn. yduii- rten funeral pyramid containing relics, cf. mcod-^rten. ydun-rabs generation, iid-nas yduii-rdbs Ind-pa-la in the fifth degree after me Glr. rju-p-q- yduii-ba, yduns-pa I. vb. 1 . to desire, 'NS to long for, zds-la, lto-la, Glr. and elsewh.; *duh dun co-ce* W. id. 2. to love, sin-tu ydun-bai ma ycig my own dearly beloved mother! cf. brtse-yduii. 3. to feel pain, to be pained, tormented, afflicted, by heat or cold, thirst, lust, distress; *nyin dun-te* W. sad, sorrowful; ydun-bar byed- pa to make sad, to distress, yzdn-gyi sems- la, the mind of others. 4. to be dried, nyi-mas by the sun, of a dead body Dzl. II. sbst. 1. desire, longing, lust, yduii- ba zi (sensual) desire ceases Stg. 2. love, mos-gus-yduh-ba dpay-med skye immense veneration and love arises Glr. 3. affliction, misery, distress, torment, pang, yduit-bai skad a plaintive voice, doleful cry Glr. ydun-ma III. adj. 1. longed for. earnestly desired. - 2. beloved, v. above. 3. grieved, tor- mented frq. ; ydun-dbydn* a song expressive of longing or of grief, an elegy Mil.; ydutl- sems love-longing #., and col.; *a-ma-la dun-sem-can Q dug* W. he tenderly loves his mother. ydun-ma beam, piece of timber, md-ydun principal beam, bu-ydu/'i cross-beam; yduit-Kebs beams projecting over the capital of a column Glr. ydun- syriy a raft Ld. ydun- debs S.g. pedestal, base(?) ydun-zdm a bridge of timber or of poles. ydun-sin Sik. fir-tree (Pinus abies). ydiul-jtu love, longing Scfi., cf. ydti- ba. y<h'/b-bu v. ydu-bu. fdub-paStg.'. zds-la, adj., frugal, temperate? ") ydum(-po~) a piece <SV-/j., = dum. yd n/ v. O dul-ba. ^J* ydus v. ydu-ba. f. O degs-pa. ydfii confidence, assurance, cheerfulness Mil. very frq.; ydeit fob -pa to be- come confident, to take courage, to be re- assured; O ci-f*<- ydcit cian med when dying, he has no confident hope Mil.; mi- jigs- pai ydeit a strong confidence Mil., Thgr.; ydeii-fsdd id. , de - rih tsam yan sdod - pai ydfit - fsdd ma mas - pas not being sure whether his life will be spared for one day more; O ci-bi'dd ydeit-tsdd med without confidence, without any readiness to die Mil. ; bl<>-y<li'ii Mil. and col. = ydeit. yd<>ii-ba, pf. ydeitx. Cs. to threaten, to menace; &&, to brandish in a menacing way, mfson-ydeii brandishing a weapon Lex.; I also met with: lag ydeit-ba Glr. to raise and move one's hand (in a suppliant manner), cf. ddit-ba II., and: />//// ysog yi/t'/i-pif :i bird with its wings raised and spread Mn. 267 ydtns-ka head and neck of a ser- pent, .sA/vi/-///// Glr. cnr (~ ^J'^J* )'d ( ''' s - P a 1 v - fdeh - ba , 2. = ydeit (?) *ddH-pa-can*W.*l6-ili'ii- pa* ('., deserving or enjoying confidence; faith- ful, trusty, of servants, husbands, wives etc. ydon(-pa), resp. zal-ydon, 1. face, countenance, ydoit skya a pale face Lt ; ydofi-dmar bod-yul the country of the red-faced (more accurately : brown- faced) Tibetans Pth.; ydot't-ndg(-po) 1. a black face; 2. a frowning countenance; ydon- cuit dejected, disheartened, Krel-med ydoit- cun mi byed-par impudent and saucy Glr.; *doit-srdn tdh-ce* W 7 !, *doit-sran-te cd-wa* Kun., to be forward, bold, brazen-faced; pag - yi ydon-pa pig's face, pig's head Sambh.; ydoh-bzi-pa Brahma ('the four- faced'). 2. surface, superficies, sa-yzii; fore-part, front-part, ddti-la adv. in front, in advance e.g. to go C.; ydon-ytdd, Ld.: doii- stdd just opposite; ydoit(-la)- ded-pa to push or press forward, to urge on (a donkey, a coward to the fight), to haul (a culprit before the judge); sndn-ba ydon-ded-pa to pursue one's course regardless of others (both in a good and in a bad sense) Mil. ; ydon-pyis handkerchief Sch.; *don-s? W. complexion, gyur son he has changed colour; to fug-pa and bsu-ba it is joined pleon.; )'<!o/'i-lh6ys is stated to imply the same as f/rum-bu Lt. ydod-ma = yzdd-ma, the beginning, ydod - mai dus; yddd -mar in the beginning, at first Mil. ; yddd-kyi(s) first, at first, previously, before Mil ; ydod^-ma^-nas from the beginning; ydod-nas day -pa of primitive purity Mil. and elsewh.; da-ydod Lex. prob. = da-yz6d. _v%. ydon (^rf) evil spirit, demon, causing ' diseases etc., sten ^og-yi superior and inferior (spirits), Rahu e.g. is steii-gi ydon, an evil spirit of the aerial or heavenly regions; stefi-ydon-gyis Q ci-ba Glr. = yzas pdg-pa to die of epilepsy (W.?), or of apoplexy (Sch.) ; ydon-cen bcn-liiu. or bco- <|.; ydott - /////* l>rl<intx - /> Lf., SrA., infjitiiatcd or possessed l>y 268 J" f don-pa some evil spirit; ydon O jug-pa the entering of a demon into a person; ydon-mi-za-ba certainty, surety; de byun-ba-la or de byuii- bar ydon mi za there is no doubt of such a thing having happened ; gen. adv. : ydon- mi-za-bar undoubtedly, indubitably, ydon- mi- fsal-bar Dzl. id. ydon-pa Cs. fut. of O don-pa. , Lexx. = rigs-nan, an outcast, a man of the lowest and most despised caste, still below the dmdn-rigs. The Tibetan word for this caste was perh. originally dol-pa fisherman, and has afterwards been transferred to all per- sons that gain their livelihood by the kill- ing of animals, and consequently are de- spised as professional sinners. ydos 1. fetter, chain; ydos-fdg fetter in a fig. sense, bondage, Thgy. - 2. material existence (?;, matter (?), ydos-bcds, (b)rdos-bcds, material, corporeal, ydos-bcds- kyi lus Thgr., frq. ; ydos-bcas-su grub-pa med (these things) are nothing material, they have no substance Thgr.', ydos-nrfd immaterial, unsubstantial; ydds-su ce-ba seems to be the same as ydos-bcas, and perh. also ydos-pa O dzin Lex. - 3. ydos brgydb-pa C. for W. *Ka kun gydb-ce*, v. rkun-ma. ydos-pa 1. = /dos(?) 2. Cs. mast, sail-yard; ace. to Lexx. something pertaining to a ship; fdos-bu oar Sch. n^rcn* bdag 1. self, no, bdag for no, nyidDzl. ' VG, 14; gen. in the objective case: myself, thyself, one'$ self; bdag ston yzan smad to praise one's self, to blame others ; bdag srun-ba to devote one's self to solitary con- templation; or as a genit. : bddg-gi one's own, my, mine; bddg-gi sems-la smad he reproved himself Dzl.; bddg -tu O dzin-pa; bdag- dzin the clinging to the I, the at- tachment to one's own self, egotism, frq.; bdag dan bddg-gir O dzin-pa attachment to the I and mine S.O. ; bddg-tu ltd-ba prob. id., Tar. 35, 18, Schf. : Atmaka-theory, bdag- med-pai cos Tar. 36, 1 the Anatmaka, the contrary ; bdag - med rndm - pa ynyis are mentioned in Thgy., prob. . - gdii - zdg - gi bdag-mcd, and cds-kyibdag-medMil.c.Xil.', bddg-gir med S.O.; bdag -med ultimately coincides with ston-pa-nyid, Burn. L, 462 med. In common life, bdag -med is also used for another, *dag - med - kyi mi* id.; *dag-rned-la ma tan* do not give it to an- other; bdag-yzan I and others, one's self and others; bdag-nyid \. = bdag I myself, thou thyself, he himself, bdag-nyid-la yson- cig listen to me! Pth.; rgydl-po bdag-nyid the king himself Dzl. ; Ka-cig ni bdag-nyid rdb - tu Jbyun - bar ysol some ask for the permission of becoming priests themselves Dzl. ; bdag-nyid O ba-zig only for their own persons Thgy. 2. sbst. the thing itself, the substance, the essence, byan-cub-sems-kyi bdag-nyid yin I am the essence of bodhi, the personified bodhi, says Mil.; fugs-rjei bdag-nyid dkon-mcog-ysum o grace personi- fied, Triratna! Glr. ; the Ommanipadmehurn is sans-rgyds fams-cdd-kyi dgons-pa fams- cdd ycig-tu bsdus-pai bdag-nyid Glr., i e. the sum and substance of all the sentences of all the Buddhas concentrated in one word; bdag-nyid-cen-po, ce-bai bdag-nyid = rdzogs - pai sans-rgyds chief Buddha, Sakyathubpa, S.O. 2. sbst. pronoun, first person , I , eleg. , expressing modesty and respect to the hearer or reader, without amounting to our 'my own humble self, v. prdn-bu; plur. bddg - cag, bddg - rnams, bddg-cag-rnams, also in a general sense: we mortals Thgy. ; bddg-cag fson-pa-rnams we, these merchants here Dzl. 3. the I, the ego = gdh-zag Was. (269). 4. master, lord, for bddg-po, v. below. 5. in natural philosophy the element of solid matter; also for air Stg. bddg-po 1. proprietor, master, lord; bddg-poi sgra the syllable pa, as de- noting the active agent, i.e. him that has to do with a thing, e.g. rtd-pa (not to be taken as 'definite article' 6s.) ; thus in many compound words : Kdit-bdag, kyim-bdag etc. ; fugs-rjei bddg-po lord of grace, Awalokites- wara, Glr. init. ; supreme lord, liege-lord, klui bddg-po = dbdn-po, rgydl-po', patron. 2. husband, lord, spouse; hence *a-ma ddg- po, or srin-mo ddg-po*, a vulgar and ob- 2G9 bdd-ba scene word of abuse. bdag(-po) by>'d- pa to reign over, to possess, prop, with /</. but also with accus. -y/ta - s - ca bod-kyis bdag byas Tibet reigned over the province of Gha; W. also: to treat rudely, to handle roughly ; bddy - tu byds - pai bud - med a married woman Thyy. ; bdag-po-med-pa (col. inKaii) unowned, e.g. of a dog, Pth ; forlorn, friendless, without a patron, a va- gabond; also for an unmarried woman; also as an abusive word. Comp. bduy-rkytn (as yet not found in books) seems to denote kindness, attention. help, received from a superior, (yet, it would seem, not without some obligation or other existing on the part of the latter, and thus the word differs from bka-driri). bdag- nyid, bdag-med v. above. bday-bzun Glr. prob. = bday-po. bday-bsridt hermit. bdd-ba I. adj. resp. savoury, well- tasted, for ~i ni-pa; C. col. *ddn-te*. II. vb., pf. bdas = O ded-pa, 1. to drive, to drive out, pyugs cattle; to chase, to put to flight Dzl. ; Ids-kyis, Ids-kyi rlun-gis bdds- wr/.s in consequence of works, -of certain actions, frq. 2. to carry away, along, or off, to hurry off, cit-bos bdds-pai glin land carried away by water Cs. 3. to call in, collect, recover, bu-hn debts Dzl. 4. to reprove, rebuke, accuse Sch.; bda- ded byed- pa Le.c., Cs.: 1. to drive, to carry. 2. to exa- mine. to investigate. bdar for bda-bar. bdun bddr-ba, rddr-ba, to rub, i.e. 1. to file, to polish G7/\, to grind, to whet; Ixlar-rdo whet stone, hone. '2. to rasp, e.g. sandal-wood (?//.; to grind, to pulverize, pye-mar bddr-ba to grind to powder, Leu\r.; Icdys-bdar a file. sa-bd<ir a rasp. 8. so bddr - /xi ('. to gnash or grind the teeth: ///</ bddr-ba to sweep H.; l>yl and />///' btldr-ba to clean, to polish />;/. Mn. in two passages : to pray earnestly, which is the meaning required by the con- text, confirmed also by several Lamas. indiiii-dii /></(i/--/><i l.i'.r.: JlT^t. to place in front: to lead; to appoint; show; inspect; prefer; honour. skyel-bddr fee or reward given to an escort Sch. brddr-sa Sch.: .sr'//j.s-Xv// hrddr-sa the nerves, sinews' (?); l>d<ir-xa ycod-pa, and rtsa-brddr ycod-fxt to examine closely Mil.; rah-yi sthns bnldi-xu cod < '. take it seriously to heart. bddl-ba v. rddl-ba. bdug-pa 1. vb. pf. bdugs, to fumi- gate, to burn incense, to swing the censer Dzl. 2. sbst. the burning of incense; perfume, frankincense, more Irq. bduy-spfo, bdug-qpfc-h/i* hduy-pa, Dzl.: bdug-*pfo O fvl odours of incense arise I*f/t. bdun-ba v. rdun-ba. - bdud, Ssk. ^ffT, Mong. Zimnus, the personified evil principle, the Evil One. the Devil, the adversary of Buddha, and he that tempts men to sin, but not like Satan of the Bible, a fallen spirit, nor like Ahriraan of the Persians, an antagonist of Buddha of equal power and influence, but merely an evil genius of the highest rank, by whose defeat Buddha will finally be tho more glori- fied. He is also identified with the god of love (Cupid), fw; v. Kopp. I. 88. 111. 253. In later times he has been split into four, and subsequently into numerous devils; also female devils, bdud-mo, are mentioned. bdud-rfsi (OTrf, *ror) 1 the drink of gods, nectar, frq. ; fig. : ms-//// bdiid-Hni the nectar of the doctrine, and similar expressions; even common beer, when drunk by a Lama, may resp. be called so. 2. a praising epithet of medicines; bdud-rtsi-l/ia-lum a bath prepared of a decoction of five holy plants, viz. suy-pa, bd-lu, fxe-pdd, Kdrn-pa, and ^6m - bu. 3. myrobalan . Terminalia citrina, Wdn. 4. a kind of brandy (?) 5. bdud-rtsi-dmdr-po a demon. bduu 1. seven, bdun-pa, bdun-po, cf. dgu\ bdun-cu seventy; l>dnii-:-ii-rt^i- ycig, ( W. *bdun - cu - don - fcig*}, don^yciy, seventy one etc. ; bdtm-bryyd seven hundred, lidnn-xt<'>;t seven thousand etc. lus -//// lidiin-po the seven (principal) parts of the body, viz. hands, feet, shoulders, and neck, 270 bdur-ba bden- pa (those of holy men are of a goodly size, long and stately) Sty. bd&n-prdg (/?- dopdc) seven days, a week, S.g. *<Unt- na-tse* W. a child born before the natural time, a seven months' child. - bdur-ba Sch. to belong to a class (?). po adj. Mil., '. (of rare occurrence), bde'-mo adj., col., esp. W., 1. to be happy or well; happy: happiness; mi bde-ba the con- trary of bde-ba\ iia bde-ste as 1 am quite happy Dzl.] bdeo he is happy, prospers, flourishes; bde-bar byed-pa to make happy; bde - bar pyin - pa to come to a state of happiness, of rest, to a place of safety ; bde- bar ynds-paio be happy, to live in prosperity; bde-bar ftofi-ba to let alone, to let another be happy; kyod bde-bar btan mi yon we shall not allow you to be quiet Alii.; in C. col. : *zg' de-mo - la mi zay* id. ; bde-bar yyitr-ciy, resp. bzugs-sig, be happy! farewell! W. * de-mo ca zig*; bde-bar btsd-ba B., "de- mo-la kye-ce* W., to be safely delivered of a child ; bde-bar yseys-pa he that has entered into eternal bliss, the blessed, Sch. (Kopp. I, 91 ?) an epithet of former Buddhas, Ssk. qaifl ; lus dan sems mi-bde-bar O gyur-ba to be bodily and spiritually afflicted Dzl.; mi- bde-bai bdy-med-na fearless of adversity Dzl. ; mi-bde-bar O gyur-ba to ache, of parts of the body; mnal mi-bde-bar O gyur-ba to be in travail, to sufler the pangs of child- birth; sems-bde, blo-bde, snyin-bde cheerful, merry, glad; sin-tu fugs-ma-bde-bar ddm- bcas-te promising with a heavy heart, very reluctantly Glr. ; dya-bde v. dyd-ba comp. ; dus-bde (*-mo* W.) peace, a state of peace, in 6'. frq. in conjunction wilh zod- jdgs or set-Jaw; zi(-bai)-bde(-ba') the happiness of rest, a happy tranquillity Gl/\; peace Thyy.\ esp. the happiness of Nirwana Thyy., Mil. : ojiy-rten-yyi bde -ba -la cdgs-te fond of a worldly life of pleasure Dzl.; bde-ba dan Iddn -pa happy, bde-ba-can v. below ; -nas- skdbs-kyi bde-ba a happy situation Glr.; mya-ndn-las O dds-pai bde-ba fob-pa to attain to the happiness of NirwauaDs/.; dus-brt</)i- fiyi bde-ba-la bkod dyos I must help him to attain to eternal bliss Mil.; pan-bde v. pan. - 2. good, favourable, suited to its purpose . . . na bdeo (W. *de-mo-yin*} the best thing will be, if I ... Dzl.; *yho de-wa you* ('. so it becomes intelligible; good, well-quali- fied, well -adapted, Ka Ice bde-ba with good organs of speech Pth.\ smra-bde-zin know- ing to speak well, well-spoken Pth.; nydms- rtoys-kyi smra Ice bde a tongue skilled in speaking wisdom Pth.; in W. it is opp. to rtsoy-po: *lam de-mo* the road is good, may be passed without risk. 3. in W. bde is also the usual word for beautiful, more accurately: *(l)td-na de-mo ; ma de- mo* splendid indeed! * de-mo man-na-med* it is only for show. Comp. bde-skyid happiness, felicity, frq.; bde - ^ro going to happiness, joining the happy (spirits in heaven), also bder-^gro, opp. to nan - O yro; usually in a general sense, like our 'heaven'; bde-^ro mfo-ris- kyi lus fob-pa to receive a heavenly (glori- fied) body. bde-cen felicity, consum- mate bliss, frq. bde-mcdg, -gpgrT. *f*n:, a deity of more recent Buddhism, Schl. 108; Tar. bde-jdgs prosperity, welfare. - bde-sto/i (ace. to a Lama's statement for fobs bde-ba, ses-rdb ston-pa-nyid} , an ex- pression for contemplation, v. Was. (144 and 141). bde-spyod W., *de-cod* C. *de- co'*, col. euphemism for privy. bdi'-ba- can mgtqf?f, bde-ba- can-gyi zin-Kams the land of bliss, a sort of heaven or paradise, in the far west, the abode of Dhyani Buddha Amitabha, v. Glr. chapt. IV., Kopp. II., 27. bde-byed he who or that which makes happy C 1 *., -g^. bde-byim i[^ ; TT^^T, source of happiness, n. of Siu-a; as symb. num.: 11. bde - blag ease, content 6s., ace. to our Lama: quickness, speed, ndd- pa bde-bldy-tu ysos-par O yyur-bai mfsan- nyid Wdn. a sign that the patient will soon recover. bde-leys well-being; . . . las bde- leys-su gyur- tig they shall recover from . . ., they shall prosper again after . . . Dom. bden-pa, Ttf$, I. vb. 1 . to be true, and adj. true, k'yod zer-ba btli'it-no 271 Men- pa what you say is true, you arc right />:/.; bddg-pis nyes-pa bden-gyis it being true that I committed a fault Dzl. ; de-bzin-du bden srid it might be true after all Glr.; sin-tit yan bden to be sure, that is true! Glr. ; de bden-par nes-sam is it quite cer- tain that this is true? Glr.; ebden ltos-la bden - par O dug -na . . . see whether it is true, and if it is, then . . . l*th. ; bden-par O dzin-pa to believe to be true, to take for granted bden- dzin zig-na the illusion being destroyed T/tgr.; *den-ce-ce* W. (for ///</- ces-pa) to believe, to be persuaded of the truth, frq.; bden bden very true indeed! certainly; bden -bden -in a prob. something in which there is much truth Tar. 2. to be in the right, to be right, kyed bod- Iil<i-Di<niix bden ye Tibetan ambassadors are in your full right Glr.] *na a -sal-la den-pa son* W. I have evidently been right. II. sbst. 1. truth, in the abstract; but usually: something true, true words etc., ll<>)t-p(t. xinru-ba to tell or speak the truth; as adj.: true, veracious Sty., (W. *den-pa ze'r-kan*"); mi-bden-rdziin this is not truth but falsehood Glr.; bden -pa mfoit - ba to discern, to know, the truth, a degree of Buddhist perfection Tar.; bden-pa bzi the four truths, the four realities, viz. pain, the origin of pain, the annihilation of pain, and the way of annihilating it, v. Kopp. I., '1 '2(. Whether, when bden-paynyis are mentioned, they refer to two of the just named realities, or whether 'they always denote absolute (objective) truth (don-dam- /Kit Ixlt'ii - pa) and subjective truth (kun- rdznb-kyf i><lt'n-]Hi) as mentioned by Was. (293), 1 am not prepared to decide, nor am I able to explain the meaning of Idm- tn/i Ixlrn-fxi, and <.</(></-/>/ lxlin-pa (Thgij. frq.). bden-pa-nyid seems to be a tech- nical term for truth, though the Buddhist understands by it nothing but sto/i-pa-ny/d. Nevertheless, the possibility of its being misapprehended from this reason ought to be no obstacle to the word being used in its original sense, and re-established in its proper right, the more so, as Buddhist, philosophy makes but a mockery of truth, by identifying it with a negation of reality. 2. = bden-tsig, v. below, Mil. Comp. ">/<'>/-<//<, </i-n-da* W. in truth, certainly. bden-po a true, a just man ( '. bden-brdl C's.: \. 'void of truth, unjust. 2. southwest part or direction'. bden-fxiy \. a true word J///., but usually 2. a solemn asseveration, often combined with a prayer, to which the power of securing infallible fulfilment is ascribed Dzl. and elsewh., frq. l><l(>n- dzin v. above. qr^- bder -bde-b<n-. </<ii/-/></<'i whichever you like, at your pleasure; </-/></<'/ has a similar meaning, v. Tar. 69, 14, and prob. also 192, 4; bdcr-bkod v. <j6d- jxi lxl(''r- gro v. bde-ba. q~q- bdd-ba I. Cs. 'abundance, exuberance'; ' more corr., ace. to Zam., where it is explained by ddr-ba and ?ffa (unbound- ed), to extend (intr.) without bounds. 2. with /a, to hurt, to injure a person Dom. and elsewh.; dgra bdo-ba v. xdvit-lxi. bdog-pa I. vb. 1. W. to get or take possession of. to stow away, to house, *ston-(6g* the harvest; to put into, *gam-mi ndn-du* something into a box; to lay up or by, to keep, esp. *ddy-tc bor- ce* in store, on hand; *ug ndn-du dog-ce* to hold one's breath -- 2. It. to be in possession, to be possessed of, gen. with (a, like yod-pa. <li : -l<t r<ix- >//'<</ yc'nj bdog he is in possession of only one piece of cloth Dzl.; Kyod-la Q di- dra-bai slob-ma bdog -gam have you such scholars? Dzl.', nor mi bdog -pa Dzl. poor; dgon-pa ni </<i/t-na bdog Mil. where have you (where is) your monastery? f>dti</-/<i p&g-pa bdog I have a cavern Mil.: in an absolute sense: fobs bdng-i/(tni i/ttbdoynre there any moans or not? Ma.; W. *i//>t-do(/-c<t/t* is staled to mean proud, arrogant; *ydg-dog-tan* one that saves money, a M-raper. II. sbst. wealth, riches, />'.: rog to n"Tir*T bdr<'d-/><i, pf. of ,//v// /></, I hi. tn|. (S.I.C.) ti>d<ti/-p a sort of l:irg' unburnt bricks of mud or clay ( x. 272 mddg-ma. miluit mdd( J - ma ' me - w '%> glowing embers, live or burning coals, mddg-mai doit a pit for keep- ing them, e.g. for the purpose of melting metals Stg. jrr- mdan, also mdans, 1. C., B. yesterday evening, last night, frq. ; mddn-gi rmi- lam, also mdaii - sum - gyi rmi - lam Glr., Pt/i.j last night's dream. 2. W. yesterday (cf ka-rtsan); mdah-sdil Lex., Cs.: 'yester- day and to-morrow, now -a- days'; perh. erron. for den-sdn. * m ddn - ba Sch. : mddh - bai ynas place of cremation, the spot where the burning of the dead takes place. skit mdans brightness of face, fresh and healthy complexion, also with bzin-gyi Cs.; mig - gi mdans bright eyes Lt; yzi- mddns = mdans ; dinar - bai mdans fresh, ruddy complexion Glr.; dmdr-bai mddns- kyis with a face beaming with joy Dzl. and elsewh.; the brightness is destroyed by disease, />/'0<7, frq., or is fading away, O cor Lt.; in a relative sense: appearance, exterior, look, mdans-ndn bad, ugly appear- ance S.g. 2. Med.: a hypothetical fluid, the most subtile part of the semen, a sub- stance that pervades the whole body, esp. the skin, and is the primary source of vitality; cf. Wise, Hindu Syst. of Med., Calcutta 1845, p. 42. 54. 201. mdans- bsgyur n. of a species of bile. 3. bright- ness, lustre, splendour, in general, nyi-mai, ojai B. and col.; fig.: dbdit-poi mddns-ma mig ni nd-la med Pth. I am destitute of the eye, that brightest of the senses, as much as: the most excellent of possessions is denied to me. II. resp. dprdl-ba forehead. - mda 1 . arrow, rgydb-pa, O pen-pa to shoot (an arrow) ; smyug - mda an arrow of reed, Icdgs-mda an iron arrow; dug -mda a poisoned arrow Mil.; dpral- bai mda an arrow lodged in the forehead Glr.; me-mda l. a fiery dart. 2. gun, fire- lock C. 2. any straight and thin pole or piece of wood, e.g. the stem or tube of a tobacco-pipe; sin-rtai mda pole or beam of a carriage ; Icdgs - mda an iron bar or rod, a ramrod etc.; cu-mda a jet or shoot of water, frq.; *(s)kdr-da* W. a shooting star. 3. = mdo 1. 4. symb. num.: 5. Comp. mda-Kun loop-hole, embrasure. - mda - mJcan 1 . an archer. 2. an arrow- maker Glr. mda-rgydn the range of an arrow-shot Glr. mda-sgro the feathers of an arrow Cs. mdd - cu the waters discharged from the lower parts of a valley, opp. to pu-cu, those of the upper part Glr. mda - ltdn the notch at that end of an arrow which is placed on the bow- string Pth. mda-ddr a little flag fastened to an arrow; esp. an arrow with silk rib- bons of five different colours. By hooking such an arrow into the collar of a bride, the match - maker draws her forth from among her maiden companions Glr. - mda- doii quiver. mdd -pa an archer; mda- dpon the commander of the archers, a high military rank C. mda-sprdd v. sprod- pa. mda - bet* perh. the more correct form of ta-ber. mdd-bo a large arrow. - mda-mo arrow- lot, a kind of fortune- telling by means of arrows. mda-rtsed byed-pa to amuse one's self with the shoot- ing of arrows Cs. mda-fso a troop of archers Cs. mda-yyu bow and arrows Dzl. mdd-bzo-pa arrow-maker. mda- ydb Glr. 1. Lex. = pu-su, fence; hence parapet, railing; yet a Lama from Tashi- Ihunpo declared it to be the projecting part of the (flat) roofs of large temples, on which the parapet is erected. 2. a covered gallery on the top of a house C. mdun 1. lance, spear, pike, mduii- sk&r-ba to brandish, to whirl a spear Cs.; mdun-Kyim Dzl. 96, 9 a frame for leaning spears against ; mduit-mJcan a maker of spears ; mdun- fun, or O fdb-mdun a short lance or pike, a javelin. mduii-fogs Mil., mdun-pa a spearsman, a lancer. mdtiii- ddr a lance with a little flag at the top. mdun-rtse top of a spear, spear - head : mdufi-sin shaft of a lance. mdun-bzo-pa = mdud 273 mdo-le - mdun rtse-ysum-pa trident. 2. Sting, of insects C., W., mduft bryydb- pa to sting. 3. yser-mdun, dnul-mdu/i prob. the two frontal muscles Med. &J^* mdud Lt. a medicine (?). jjrr n* wdud-pa a knot, mdud-pa bdr-ba >o " frq., dud -pa Lt., byed-pa Cs., *yydb-ce* W., to tie or make a knot, syrol- ba, ^rol-ba, to untie (a knot); *ddl-dud* W. sliding-knot , slip-knot, *sin - dud* W. a regular knot; skra - mdud knot or bow of ribbons holding together the long plaits of the women; frq. fig. ser-snai mdud-pa bonds of avarice Mil.; *nyin-dud dol-ce* W. (to untie) to open one's heart to a person ; mdud-pa-can. 1 . full of knots, knotty. 2. cloddy (?) S.g. mdud- dra a disease of the membrum virile, prob. paraphimosis Miiy. mdun the fore-part, the front -side of a thing ; the vis-a-vis, mdun-yyi ndm- mka-la in the heavens before him, over against him, Glr. and elsewh.; mdun-yyis adv. coram, face to face, mdun-yyis ltd-ba to behold face to face; gen. c. la, na, du, nas: 1. adv. before it, at it, to it, from it; 2. postp. before, at, to etc.; mdun-la ^6n- ba, or sleb-pa to come up or near, rdn-yi mdun - la sleb ma bcuy he did not allow (the pursuer) to come near; mdun-du skur-ba to send in advance; mdun-du pijin-pa to come near, to approach; to hasten to PtJi. ; mi mdn-po fsoys-pai mdun- du in the presence of a great number of people Dzl. sku-mdun-pa a waiting-man, valet de chambre, v. sku. mdun-lcoy v. Icoy-tse. mdun-na- don (C. *dijn-ndn- don*) I. Le.r. ij^tffcT, court- chaplain, do- mestic chaplain or priest; soprob.also Tar.58, 17. 2. at present: a high civil officer or functionary, = bka-blon, vizier, Sta. and elsewh. mdun-ma, frq. in later lit.; one Lama explained it by mos-pa, another by: 1. wife, 2. things, concerns; Jiy- rten-yyi mdun-ma = ojiy-rtin-yyi bya-ba. ^rrn iHdeu, Sch. also mdc-Ka, arrow-head '^ B. ; mde - sul Cs. : 'the furrows or grooves of an arrow-head'. ny'mdo 1. the lower part of a valley, where ' it merges into the plain (opp. to pu), = mda; more frq. the place where one valley opens into another, hence in gene- ral: the point where two valleys, roads (lam - mdo), rivers (cu- mdo) meet; Idm- sran-mdor at the street-corners Dzl. ; ysum- mdo, bzi-mdo, coy -mdo the point where three, four, several (roads etc.) meet, esp. bzi-mdo a crossing, cross-road, as a place of incantations; mdo prop. n. (in full: </<'/- rtse-mdo) province of the eastern part of Tibet, v. Kams; * do-ru* in C. used as postp. = near, with, by, *ne O do^i*u* with me, *yul-yyi O do-rw* near the village. - 2. Ssk. ^, aphorism, short sentence or rule, axiom ; hence ww/o'-ra, mdor, mdo-tsam sdu- ba to contract, abridge, epitomize, to give only the main points, frq. ; mdor(-sdu)-na in short, in general, altogether, on an average, denique, frq. 3. Sutra, in the more re- cent Buddhist sense, religious treatise or dissertation, a sacred writing, mdo - sde a collection of Sutras, a part of the Kan- gyur; mdo-sde-pa, mdo-sde- dzin Sautran- tika, a school of philosophers, v. Tar.; mdo-mdn title of several collections of Su- tras ; in quoting passages : mdo - la, mdo- las, in the mdo, according to the mdo (viz. is said , is written etc.) Sty. ; mdo - snob giving a benediction to the host for his entertainment Mil., cf. Kopp. I, 143. At present a distinction is to be made between mdoi or dbu-mai lam, and sndys-kyi lam, i. e. between the doctrine of the sacred writings and a faithful and systematic study of them, and of the more modern mysti- cism, which is mixed up with Siwaism, and seeks to obtain spiritual gifts by means of witchcraft, thus saving trouble and time; v. Was. (142. 177), Kopp. II, 29. 4. Cs. mdo-can prudent, mdo-med imprudent, cf. O do. m&Qr mdo-le, the tibetanized ^t^T tlitid. ' sedan-chair Pth. 18 274 mdoy dam- r^i^qv mdog, resp. sku-mdog, colour (cf. ' Ka-dog} B., C.; mdog-legs of a beau- tiful colour; mdog-mdzes 1. id., 2. a rose. Cs.; mdog-dkar-Kd perh. the more corr. spelling for *do-gar-/cd* W., light-blue; mdog-ysdl a species of gall, lit. 'purifier of the skin', Med. t>r-*t- mdons 1. the white spot, blaze, star on the forehead of a horse Glr. and elsewh. ; 2. the eye in a peacock's feather; rmd-byai mdons, sgro-mdons, mdons- sgro peacock's feather; mddns-mfa-can tur- key-hen Cs. mdons-pa = ldoh-ba, blind, phy- sically and morally, B., mig- mdons-pa, mdons-par Q gyt<r-ba, to get blind, to be made blind Dzl. mdohs-ysol-ba Mil., mdons- sol zu-ba or byed-pa Cs., to congratulate, to wish joy to another Cs. ; Zam. explains it by O dun-pa to wish, an- other Lex. by no-dga joy; in the passage of Mil. it seems to signify thank-offering. 5J^5|$T mdoms, sometimes written for O doms. mdos a cross formed of two small sticks, the ends of which are con- nected by coloured strings <-j^j and used in various magic ceremonies. O ddg-pa \.Sch.: 'clay; cleaving, ad- hesive, sticky.' In C. = Jim-pa ( W. *kd-lag*} a mixture of clay and water; O dag- zdl S.g. prob. id. ; O ddg-pa sbydn-ba to make such a mixture, Cs.; O dag-sbydr covering, or stopping up with clay, e.g. the chinks of a wall or door , * Q dag -)dr Jbul - ba* to render such service to a meditating Lama as an act of piety. 'In Pth. O ddg-pa is men- tioned as a kind of plastic art, and evi- dently signifies to mould, to model, to shape. 2. = Iddg-pa Cs. ; O ddg-gu Lex. = skyo- ma, pap, pulp, prob. Ide-gu. 3. pf. dag, 1 . to clear, to wash away, to wipe off, dri- ma, frq.; rtd-la sol-byug (to clean) a horse marked or blackened with charcoal Glr.; sdiy-sgrib (to wash off) the filth of sin Glr. 2. to disappear, of sinful thoughts Glr., some- times ynds-su to their own place, is added pa pleon. Mil. Participle dag-pa clean, v. dag-pa. ' dan v. dad. O ddh-ba Sch. to come to, to arrive at; cf. also brgya- dans, sub brgya. QI-I-. QC* <A a( ^i O dan, resp. sku- dad or dan Lex. funeral-repast. n-j- O dab a train of persons, J>or- dab re- tinue Cs. _-... O ddb-ma 1 wing, sprug-pa to shake (the wings) Cs., yyob-pa to clap them Cs. 2. ladle, float-board of a water- wheel. 3. petal, flower-leaf, frq.; O dab- brgyad eight-petaled Glr.; v. Schl. Buddh. 248. 4. any leaf, a broad leaf, also lo- O dab. 5. fan Cs. 6. flag Cs. O dab-cags a winged animal, bird, frq. O dab-rdns-pa full of leaves; with leaves fully developed Sch. O dab-ysog flag-feather, quill-feather. O dabs, rarely O dab, the side, lateral surface, of a hill, of the body etc. ; surface, mcin- dabs of the liver Med.; in a more general sense: sgdl- dabs the lumbar region Med.; pleon.: ndgs- Q dabs-na = ndgs- na in the woods Mil. QMi- O dam mud, mire, swamp, earth and water, = O ddg-pa, but as a product of nature ; O dam-rdzdb B., *dam-tsog* W. id. ; O ddm-du, O dam-rdzdb-la Jbyin-ba to sink into a swamp; *dam - pdg(s)* W. muddy plash, slough. Q ddm-bu reed for thatching, writing etc.; Cs. also sugar-cane; O dam-bu ka-ra? prob. a species of reed in wells or ponds Wdn.; * dam-bur* W. sugar-cane. O ddm-ka Zam., O ddm-ga, O dum-ini, O ddm-pa Cs. choice, option, den san O ddm-ka byed-pa to choose whether to-day or to-morrow Zam.; cf. yddm-ka. O ddm-pa (or O dom(s)-pa Glr. prov.) pf. O dams, imp. O dom(s\ to choose, to select, a bride Glr.; mi-ytsdn-ba O ddm- pa such as choose impure things, cynical, lascivious characters Stg.; O dam-rin choos- ing, turning over in one's mind a long while;' dgrd-bo ydn-pa mi ytan O dam - riii fdbs - kyis ydul prob. : not losing sight of your enemy, constantly watching, put him dd-ba i 275 down, as soon as an opportunity offers, S.g., and hence ze-sddh O dam - ri/i a long lingering, lurking grudge S.g. orn*n* O dd-ba, pf. O das (prob. vb. n. to l>dd- ba, O ded-pa) to pass over, 1 . to travel over, to clear a certain space, fan de this plain Samb/t. ; zag du-mai lam (to perform) many day's journeys DzL 2. c. las: to go beyond, to surpass Dzl. ; Ihd-las dds-pai spos incense surpassing that of the gods, i.e. that which is burnt to them S.O.; to exceed, fsdcl-las the measure Lt. ; grans-las dds-pa Tar. surpassing number, innume- rable; bsdm-byai yul-las (surpassing) the understanding or imagination, inconceivable Gli: ; to transgress, to trespass against, bkd- /xJ t : r<///*-las, a commandment, a law=^ </Z- ba; to get over a thing, to get the better of, to overcome, = rgydl-ba; to go away from, n///(t-//dn-las q.v.; to let go, leave off, aban- don, cos-las one's religion Thai/. ; bio - las ddx-pa? 3. with or without dus-las, fse, resp. sk-Uj to depart this life, to die; das-po the deceased, defunct, late, Lex.; *de-Ug* W. the soul of a deceased person, ghost, apparition; the re-appearing is possible only for about forty days after death, as long as the Bardo lasts, v. bar-do. 4. to pass by, = to disappear, nyi-zld O dds-nas when the sun and the moon have disappeared (for a time); very frq. relative to time: to pass away, to elapse, O dds-pai dus the time that has passed, is gone, past time, v. dus 5. ; zla dgu O dds-nas after nine months Lt.; das-lo the year past, das-zld the month past, O das-zdg the day past; *de,-zdg-la* W. the other day, lately; nyin-mfsdn c6s-kyis O dd - bar bya day and night are spent in religious exercises; dge-bai byd-ba K6-nas <ln* jla Tar. (time) spentinnone but works of virtue. O dd-aa (-ma) Cs. hour of death, jla-ga-yi'-M-s wf?f "^TT^ knowledge of the hour of death (title of a book). Qj-^-q- O dar-ba to tremble, shudder, shiver, quake, <jrdit-bx O dar-ba to shiver with cold; )igs-pas (to tremble) with fear; O ddr-zin O f/ul-ba id.; Q ddr-bar O gyi<r-ba to begin to tremble; O dai'-i/d'ni &c/i. doubting, wavering, undetermined, O dar-ydm byed-pa to doubt, to waver. QJ-QJ- O dal(?) ru- Q ddl, m- drel a single horn Sch. bad- ddl prov., being left exhausted on the road, sinking under fa- tigue. Q dal- ddl v. td-bag. O ddl-ba= ddl-ba, cu- ddl still water Las. QJ&- <//' demonstr. pron. this, itai bu O dl this ' my son; nai O di this of me, i.e. that winch I am doing just now Glr., what I am experiencing just now MiL\ the present, the respective, O griib-pa-po O di the respective performer (of an incantation) Dom.; such a one, bdag miii O di zes-byd-ba ], such and such a one Thgr., also O di dan O di (-lta-bu) and similar expressions, nas Kyod-la O di dan O di-lta-bu zig sbyin-no I give you such and such a thing. On the difference between O di and de v. de\ the plural forms and de- rivatives of both of them are in conformity; only the following may be particularly men- tioned : O di-ka-rdn is used also for just here, just now Mil.; O di-lta-ste for instance, to wit. such as, viz.; also pleon. with ze-na: ynyix gan ze-na O di-lta-ste Wdn.; ci pyir ze-na O di-lta-ste Pth.; O di-ltar so, in this manner, cii pyir Kyod O di-ltar gyur in what manner have you become so, how did you get into this condition ? DzL frq. ; Q di-ltar-ro it ran thus, it was to this effect, of this purport Glr. frq.; na O di-ltar yin such I am, I am, live, go, just as you see me here Mil.; in the verse: O dw-byas cos-mams O di-ltar blt<t 'compounded things must be regarded thus' - the word O di - Itar is meant to be ac- companied by a snap of the fingers (se-gol, <>r .s/Y/</-r/</-wa); O di-nas from this place, from this time present, as yet, still. </// (<//?) ;(///' (-///) the present and the future life, frq.; ( /// />!//</ x<lt'/i-jHi, rji'-lxi to exchange this lite for the future one, i.e. fse pyi-ma bl6s-bf<ti<- ste O dii don sgrub-pa to be earthly minded T.; *di-zug, I'-zug* W., so, thus; '*// -////* W. to-day ; O di~ru (come) in here, into this place; here, at this place, frq.: now, seldom. 276 qrzrr <% stopper, stopple, also Ka- dig; ' *diy-ce* Ld. to put in a stopper; to stop up, to close with a stopper; *diy-iil* 6'. musket-ball. Of. <%. O dvi-ba, pf. btiti, fut. ydin, imp. fr/;(.s), to spread on the ground, a mat, carpet etc. ; to scatter, sprinkle, strew, grass or hay to lie upon, ashes on the snow etc.; *btin-ba* sbst. W. a Small carpet, on which the Lamas use to sit; *mal-btm* C. bedding, pillow, or blanket. O din ryydb- pa Sch. to weigh in one's mind, to consider; to suspect, to entertain a suspicion. O du(ri)-Kah meeting-house, house of assembly; cos cdd-pai((\uasi) church, chapel Dzl. O du- krug tumult, riot, uproar Cs. O du-ba, pf. O dus, (vb.n. to sdud-pa) 1. to come together, to assemble, of men and animals; dun-Jcdn-du Dzl.; O dus- sam ma O dus are they already assembled? dan with (a person) Tar.; in order to fight Sty.; of things: nyes-pa fams-cdd dei lus~ la O duo, v. nyes-pa; O du-ba and O dus-pa sbst. a coming together, an assembling, a gather- ing, esp. in Med. a (somewhat indefinite) disease, or cause of disease; O dus-sa meeting- place Glr. ; las-mi man-po O dus-sa an estab- lishment comprizing many workmen, ma- nufactory, workshop, workhouse, *dz6m- dii yon- gin O dug* C. they flock or crowd to- gether; fsou- dus the assembled traders or dealers, the market frq. ; skyabs-kun- dus 'a collection of all the refuges 1 is a name given to Milaraspa. 2. to unite, to join one another, fyo-suy-tu as husband and wife, to get married; in a special sense in philo- sophical language: 1. to unite (opp. to Jbrdl- ba) } e.g. the soul uniting with an organ of sense, like sdeb-pa. Mil. 2. O dus-byds com- posed of two or more ingredients, O dus-ma- byas consisting of one thing, simple, ele- mentary; only this is eternal, every thing compounded is perishable, frq. 3. to be pressed or crowded together, *sril dus-te dug* Ld. they stand crowded, in serried files or ranks; intellectually: dam-cos O dus-pa a compressed system of religion. 4. O d>'rs- pa to consist of or in, ynyis-su O dus-so (re- ligion) consists of two things Thyy.; snaii- srt'd seim-su O diis-te yda the external world consists of spirit, is spirit, i.e. is nothing Mil. 5. col. : to be drawn together, to con- tract, to shrink, *dus ca dug* Ld. it shrinks, e.g. wood or paper from heat; *tsa- Q d>t* C. prob. cramp, spasm, convulsion; *dus-K-an* Ld. elastic, springy. O du -byf d > S*k- *TWTT' (the Tibetan word is nothing but a literal trans- lation of the Ssk. sariskara; cf. also O du-ses and pun-po) 'one of the obscurest and most difficult terms of Buddhist philosophy'76>/.>p. I, 603, where the various translations are enumerated that have been attempted, such as: idea, notion, imagination (cf. Burn. I, 503), action ( Was.) etc. It should, however, at once be acknowledged, that the word cannot be translated into a European lan- guage, as the meaning given to it is not the result of honest research and obser- vation, but a product of arbitrary and wild speculation. O du ~o dzi n ise, bustle, din, clamour, O du- dzi med-pai dben-pa O di this solitude without any noise Mil. ; O du- dzi- la ynds-pa to live in the midst of the bustle of worldly affairs; O du-zin, O du-ldn Cs. id. o du ~^ Ssk. ^tfT ('con-scientia : ) corresponds in most cases to our idea, notion, conception, image, although sometimes perception, feeling, sense, thought, consciousness may be employed for it: nor- la rtdg - tu yod - pai O du - ses skyed - pa to combine with earthly goods the idea of constant possession S.O. and thus frq.; lus- la yrui O du-ses )ug-pa to unite with the human body the idea of a ship, to represent the body as a ship, Thyy., skyo-bai O du- ses byuh the perception, the feeling of dis- comfort arises S.g. ; Kro-bai O du-ses-spdn-ba to detest the idea, the thought of anger Dzl. ; dye-bed pyoys-la O du-ses cun-zad kyafi ma yyos no thoughts, no inclinations, tend- ing to virtue, arose (in him), virtuous emo- tions never stirred in his mind; cdgs-fxif O du-ses-can entertaining thoughts of sensual pleasure Glr.; O du-ses slar rnyed-pa to recover from a state of insensibility; as vb. : O du-ses-pa, mya-nan- dds fob du - ses- te imagining that I shall obtain NirwHna Thyy. As one of the five pun - po it is translated by idea (Bum. I, 511), by per- ception (AV;/</>. I, 603). The three terms O du-ses-can, du-ses-med-pa, du-ises-ined-min may be rendered : having the faculty of think- ing, having no faculty of thinking, neither thinking nor not thinking (Dzl. 9^S^ 7), (ht-ses-can refers to human beings, the two other terms relate to celestial beings (v. Kopp. I, 261, 17 and 26), that are evi- dently so much the more excellent and exalted, as they are far above all reason- ing and thinking. According to another, and (it would seem) more natural inter- pretation, the first of these three terms implies rational beings (man), the second irrational beings (higher animals), and the third quite irrational creatures (lower ani- mals, worms, rep tiles J that are not even possessed of the sensitive powers of the higher animals), whilst the 'long-lived Lhas' of the Nth. heaven are classed together with the common Lhas (who however taken strictly, belong to the 'first world') and on account of their stupidity are believed to be incapable of ever being converted, TJigy. nrqrrr o a ^9~P a (eleg. ydd-ba, resp. bziigs- ^ pa) \. to Sit, syn. with sdod-pa; with nu, la etc.; to sit down with termin. or In: to sit up (in bed); O dug-par O gyu>' to get seated Dzl. YNS, 6; to remain sitting, to keep one's seat, Dzl. Y\S, 7; to remain, to stay, O i/fr ma O duy-par son zig Dzl.; to remain behind, to stay at home, with or without /-////. l, : ylm-na etc. Dzl. 2. to be, to exist, to live Glr. : . . . tkabe-med ^dug-go /' there is no chance of ... Yes, there is! ... O duy .svs-w/s knowing that ... is still alive Dzl.; <lr<iit-xi'i)ii Infnl-cili Q <hi<i he lives as a hermit Dzl.; to be, to live at a certain place, //w.s- na O diig-pa the being somewhere Grain.: jKi-ini'i ijdii-na <li/ where are my parents now'? to be at home Dzl. and clsewh.; to 277 be extant, to be found, can mi O dug nothing is, or was to be found, nothing was there Mil.: as partic. joined with, or put inst.of the possess, pron.: Ho-rda ilaii Qcoi) bu br<ni<ul Q dug-pa he and his eight children being with him Mil. (yud-pa is construed in the same manner); in quotations: to be found, to be written, to be met with, . . . yod c<r- ba . . . na O dug the account of being . . . is to be found in . . . , Glr. 3. to be, as copula, in B. often with terrain.: //_/////-/"// O dug-pa to be a layman Stg. ; rkdii-pa h'rd- bor O dug the foot was variously coloured Dzl. ; O di-rnams mi-ma-yin-du Q dug-pa* a- these are spirits Mil. Generally speaking, this termin case is not to be pressed, nor always to be explained by: to have become, or to be translated by : in, as in the follow- ing: rgya-gdr-gyi yi-ger O dug-pas to be (written), in the Indian language Glr. 4. to be, as auxiliar vb., 1. with the termin. of the inf., often merely paraphrastically, eg. yod-par O dug-pa = yod -pa Glr.; frq., however, indicating doubtfulness and un- certainty: na ni san ci-bar Q dug may be I shall die to-morrow Glr.; Kyed . . . yin- par- dug you seem to be, you are, I dare say Mil. ; O gro dgos-par O dug I suppose you must go Glr.; ster-bar Q dug it will probably be given Glr.\ ma mfoii-na mi rtogs-par O dug if we had not seen it, we should pro- bably not have known it Mil.; in the same manner it is used with yod-pa, q.v. 2. with a verbal root, in ancient lit. hardly ever occurring, in more recent writings used paraphrastically like O dug-pa, with the ter- min. of the inf. (v. above 1), but not in- dicating a certain tense, e.g. rdol O dug it makes its appearance, comes to light, Glr., //;/ o duy they were destroyed Glr.] in col. language (in W. at least) it is gen. a sign of the pres. tense: zer O dug I say, thou sayest etc.; only in Bal. it indicates the fut. tense. 3. with the gerund in te or nas vulgo for the pres. or preterite tense, frq.; in B. of so rare occurrence, that it is proh. to be regarded as a vulgarism to be charged on the copyists, and to be cur- 278 Q dud-pa rected accordingly. 4. with gin (B. and col.) and cin (B.}, denoting a continued action, state, or condition, as in English: I am looking. O duy-ynas, Q dug-sa, place of residence, abode. Q-;-'rr O dud-pa, pf. btud, fut. ydud (Cs.), X imp. dud, fuel (6s.), to bend or bow down, to incline, rnd-ba, to incline one's ears to hear, (also used of animals), cf. our 'to prick the ears', Dzl.; to bow, to make a bow, la, to a person; zabs-la at a per- son's feet, to kneel down before a person. O dun, qo- dun, = sna-fsogs of several kinds, divers, sundry, various, Lex. r O dun-pa \. vb. to desire, to wish earnestly, with la, nydn-pa-la mi O dun - par they not having any desire to hear Pth.; dge-ba-la to strive after virtue, frq.; also O dun-pa alone (without dge-ba-la) id. Thg.; *lo co-la O dum - pa* C. religious interest, concern for religion ; to be zealous, to take a warm interest Mil. 2. sbst. a desire Thgy.i a supplication Dzl, Glr. Cf. dun-pa. p__... o dun-ma 1. advice, counsel, nan-pa Ao' a bad advice Ma.; Q debs-pa to give advice; byed-pa to take a resolution Mil. 2 consultation (v. examples sub cuh-ba), Q dun-gros id.; da-ldn-gyi Q dun-gros cH-la at this present consultation Glr.; * Q difm-ma jhe -pa* C. to consult, to confer with (a person about a matter). 3. council, O dun- mar bsdus they called a council together Mil. ; esp. in compounds: O dun-Uah = O du- Kah q.v.; O dim-sa meeting-place, assembly, frq. ; union, association, society, dge- Q dun an association of clerical persons. 4. v. O dum? ynyen- dun harmony amongst rela- tions, Stg. 5. the state of being a bride ; bride, C., and perh. Glr. ; cf. also dga- dim sub dc/d-ba. 6. = mdun-ma? QM'fSa^J' O dub - snyoms Sch. a State of A! v comfort, ease; Q dub- K)*ugs, an interruption of that state, discomfort. Q dum-pa 1. vb. to reconcile one's self to. to be reconciled with, fdb- pa O dum-na if contending parties are re- conciled with one another ; rtdg-tu mi O di<m- mo they are constantly at variance Dzl.; *dum-t ( a* (lit. krd) C. contract, agreement, = cad -don. 2. sbst. concord, unison, peace Cs. O dur thick and clammy ScJi. O dur-ba to trot; O dur-yr6s the trot. O dul-ba I. vb., pf. btul, ful, fut. ydul, imp. ful, W. *tul-ce* 1. to tame. ( to break in, rta; to subdue, conquer, vanquish, dgra; sometimes even to kill, to annihilate Rh. 2. to till, cultivate, waste land: to civilize, a nation, which with the Buddhist is the same as to convert, frq.; to educate, to discipline, to punish; ydul-bai rigs-pa those fit for and predestinated to conversion Dzl.; ydiil-bya id. frq.; also used substantively : O gro - ba nd - yi fdt'tl- bya yin the beings are to be converted by me Glr.; bdag Uyed-kyi ydiil-byar soy etc/ may we become your converts! II. sbst. f^Rl 1. the taming etc. 2. also O dul-bai sde, the disciplinary part of the Kangyur, O dul-ba-las from, or accord- ing to the Dulwa; O diil-bai brda an ex- pression (taken) from the Dulwa. O dus-pa, v. O du-ba. O de-gu, v. Ide-gu. O de-ba, v. Idc-ba. 'rr O deg(s}-pa, pf. bteg(s), fut, ydey, imp. feg, W. *tdg-ce*. imp. *tog*, to lift, to raise, to elevate, the head, the tail, also fig.; sgron-me Glr., *'od-to* W., to hold up a lamp, a light; also fig. : to let one's light shine to others ; grdgs -pai go - sar Q degs - pa to raise to a high rank; to support, sustain, maintain, keep up, Pth.; rdm-bu O degs-pa to join in singing, to fall in with, Dzl. and elsewh. (Sch. erron. 'to bawl, to blare'); rd-mda O degs- pa to help; for *zi tag -be* and similar phrases cf. the secondary forms teg -pa, tegs-pa, O fi>gs-pa; with or without sran-la. rgyd-ma-la etc.: to put on the balance, to weigh, B.; zib-btigs weighed accurately dc/l-ba Lt.', O degs-Kal 'a bushel by weight 1 f'.s., or rather: twenty points on the large steel- yard. *jug - tag* W. water - wagtail. *deg-Ka* C., W., weight. O dtgs-dpon is said to denote a military dignity, but is not generally known; as 'servant waiting at table', it ought to be spelled stegs-dpon. O dcgs-sin Sc/i. yoke, fitted to a person's shoulders, for carrying water-buckets etc. O deh - ba, pf. deii, imp. deti(s), to go, esp. pyir den-ba to go back, to return, DzL, Lex. Cf. Q doii-ba. O ded-fa, pf. and imp. ded, some- times preceded by rjes-su, to go or walk behind, hence 1. to drive, cattle, the herdsman walking behind the animals, whereas of the shepherd /cnd-pa is used; rUth-gis gru O ded the wind drives the ship, frq.; also to drive through (a tube) by blowing, to blow through Glr.; to drive (animals, birds) from a place of rest, to rouse, start. 2. to pursue, chase, run after, tydd-MQ O ded - pa to be in the rut (of a stallion); *ded tdn-ce* W. to chase, to hunt; *ded-de bo-ce* W. to call after a person. 3. vb. n. to follow in succession, to suc- ceed, rim -pa bzin successively, of gene- rations, Glr. 4. to call in, to recover, money, debts; bu-lon- ded drdg-po a severe dun Mil.; O ded-mi a driver, e.g. the person walking behind the horse of a rider, driving it on Lt.; the pursuer of a fugitive Glr. Cf. bdd-ba. o debs 1 . puncheon (tool). 2. time, times, - *lan* W.(?). od&9-pO) pf- btab, flit, ftab, imp. fob, supine O debs-su, and yddb- tu, W. *tdb-ce*, imp. *tob*; to cast, throw, strike, hit, variously applied, cf. rgydb-pa, in li. gen. with instr., even if there is a dative in the same sentence, v. the ex- amples; *cog-tse-la tdb-ce* W. to strike upon the table; iiuit-gis, ydon-gyis, >n'nl- kyis O debs-pa, to be beaten by the wind, to be possessed by a demon, to be seized with an illness, frq.; s/i</.s - ////* ( <l('bx-pa R., mtu btdb-pa col., to pronounce a charm against a person or thing, with la; Ian, 279 iio-xprodj f/ros O debs-pa, to answer, to ex- plain, to advise; ysol-ba O deb$-pa to make a request, smon-lam O debs-pa to offer up a prayer; ysal- debs byed-pa to remember well Mil.; j'sal - O debs - su ses-pa prob to have a distinct recollection of a thing Glr.; MX/.S o di'b*-pa prob. to cast up an account, to reckon, to compute, dei rtsis-yddb bdi'nj- la med I do not take that into account Mil. ; lus-la yztr(-gyis) O debs-pa DzL, *ze'r tab-ce, or gyab-ce* W., knocking nails into the body; rgyas O debs-pa to Seal; *litd tab- ce, or gydb-ce* W. to spread dung (on the ground), to manure; cus O debs-pa to sprinkle with water Dzl.\ fsa, sa fiig-pa-l<i O debs- pa to put salt, meat, into the soup; sd~ bon O debs-pa to sow; gur O debs-pa, sga- O dc>bs-pa, to pitch a tent, a camp (driving in the tent-pins); also without a sbst.: stiar btab-pai cu-yson-du (pitching) in the same dell where they had encamped be- fore DzL 7V9, 1. (Sch. incorr.): hence in general: to found, to establish, e.g. a mo- nastery, frq.; dus O debs-pa to fix a time. O dem-pa to prove, to examine Sch. * O der Glr. prob. for Idcr. Ogr o do, for mdo 3., 6s. O do-yod prudent, ' clever, O do-med Lex , Cs. imprudent, silly. q^W O do-ba 1. sbst. Sch.: 'a breed of fine horses' ; one Lex. has O do-i'ta w. e. - 2. vb. Cs.: = zU-ba, to say, to repeat; ma- dos-par unspeakable (?) DzL %&V, 4 (the reading of Sch. dubious, v. Schf.'s remarks on this passage). o dog-pa, prob. an incorr. reading for dogs-pa. <% s -P a > P f - bta( J s ( also ydays'?), fut. fdag(s), imp. fogs, W. : ' : f<t</- ce*, imp *tog or. tag ton*, 1. to bind, fasten, tie to, (opp. to O gr6l-ba), W. *tfyi tug-te bor*, tie up, fasten, the dog well; (v. J>oi" /><t~); la to a thing, frq.; also in a more general sense: to fix, to attach, e.g. a bal- cony to a house .</.: to tie round, to buckle On, go-mfsoH It'ts - la the armour /'///.; to 280 doii-ba *q* Q dod-pa put on. rgyan gay clothes, finery, rgyan bzdn-po btdgs-pa beautifully attired Mil. : col. also without rgyan, e.g. *tdg-dad-can* W. fond of dress and finery. 2. in par- ticular phrases: bkar - O dogs - pa v. bkar: in i-la skyon O d6gs-pa to charge a person with a fault, to upbraid; sgro O dogs-pa \. sgro; fugs-la O dogs-pa to interest one's self in or for, to take care of; kyod fugs-la mi O d6gs - pa O di ci yin mi ses why he does not interest himself in your behalf, I know not Mil.nt. 37, 6.; with reference to things: to have near at heart; fugs-la btdgs-sojou have taken great care of me, a phrase frq. used, where we should say: I am much obliged to you! though Tibetans deny its implying acknowledgment and expression of thanks. dam - la O dogs-pa v. dam; pan O ddgs-pa v. pdn-pa; min O dogs-pa to give a name; dr(i-bai sgo-nas according to likeness or analogy Mng.; Kyeui mit't ci- skad ydags how is the boy to be called? Dzl. miii mi-ydun-ba zes (or mi-ydun-bar} btdgs-so they named him... Mil., Dzl.; min may also be wanting. 3. Gram, to join, subjoin, affix, rar btags ga a g joined with y, i.e. rg; ra-la )a a ) joined with r, i.e. r) ; sa-la btags-pai ta-^yig, st; ya-btags, or shorter, yd-ta, the ya which is written underneath, the subscribed ya, ^\ yd- ta btdgs-pa yi-ge bdun, seven letters are joined with yd-ta(gs} Glr.; smdd- dogs ysum the three subscribed letters, ya, ra, and la Zam.; O dogs-can 1. having a letter subscribed; 2. an open syllable with a vowel-sign, as go ^f de ^ mdo 5J^ etc. (not da ^ or mda ^J 2 ^) Zam. ; a - Q dogs consonants with a (RJ subscribed, syllables with a long vowel. 4. in philosophical writings: btdgs-pa conditional, not absolute, Was. (228. 270), btags-med nominal Was. (281). QJ^'jq* O d6/i-ba, pf. and imp. don or O doti, to go. to proceed, so-sdr Dzl. to separate, to disperse; rgydl-poi tdd-du (to go) to the king; pyi-rol-tu Jcdg-cln to take a walk Dzl.; don -no let us go Dzl.; log-la ^don-no let us turn back Glr. Q*J* d<M-pa I. vb. ( W. more frq. fad- pa'), to have a mind, to like, to be willing, zas bzdii-po mi O dod Dzl.; mi :c O dod fsul byed he pretends not to like this food Lt.\ sbyin(-par) O dod-pa ^yur he gets inclined to give; mi O dod-par ^gyin'-ba to feel no longer inclined; to wish, nydn (-par) to listen; ci dan ci O dod-pa what- ever you may wish Dzl.; rgydl-po O dod- pa to wish to be a king Dzl.; as adj.: wished for. desirable, esp. with negatives, v. below: Mod-par byd-ba adj. agreeable, pleasing, obliging, flattering, >'.. C's.; to desire, to long for, Kyim O dod I wish I were at home Dzl.; me dan nyi-ma (I am longing) for fire and for sunshine Mi'<L; bu-mo na mi O dod I do not wish for a girl; ran- ddd-zen-pa self-love Glr.: (rait-} bzdn- dod self-complacency, vanity, Glr.; to ask for, to demand, koit-jo O d6d-pa-la slebs they came in order to ask for Konjo (in marriage) Glr.: to strive for, to aspire after. sans-rgya-bar for holiness, for being like Buddha, for Buddhaship, Dzl; to be willing, to intend; also ironically: nd- dod-pa one that wants to grow ill, that does not take any care of himself; to be ready, willing, bsnyen-bkur byed-par to take charge of the waiting on (Buddha); O dod-par byed -pa to make willing, disposed, to persuade to it Dzl.; to maintain, to assert; to suppose; to pronounce to be (cf. O fdd-pa?) M/ig., Tar. and elsewh. frq. mi O dod-pa to be not willing, not liking ; to detest, btsogs- pas kiin-gyis mi O dod-na as she was detested by all on account of her sluttishness Dzl. ; to be angry, indignant, zes mi O d6d nas thus exclaiming indignantly Dzl.', mi- dod-pa, and ma- dod-pa adj. not wished for. dis- agreeable, adverse, mi- dod-pai las hard drudgery; mi- dod(-log)-pai rlun adverse wind, frq.; *fsig mi-dod-pa zer-kan H. one that slanders. II. sbst. Ssk. cfiTO 1- lust, desire in ge- neral; O dod-pa />un zdd-de after all desires have ceased Dzl.; O dod-pa-rnams-la cd<js- pa to indulge one's desires or passions; in a special sense, carnal desire, lust, vo- 281 O dom-pa luptuousness, = O dod- cdgs, frq.; melon., coitus, O dod-pa spyod-pa to practise it; O d6d-pai dus O debs-pa to agree upon the time for cohabiting Tar. 2. Ssk. ^^, a wish, O dod - pa ysum yndn -na if three wishes are granted Dzl. ; meton. the object of desire, O d6d-pa fob -pa; O dod-pa dan O brdl-ba to be separated from the object of one's desire. 3. supposition Tar. 45, 21 . 4. W. semen virile. 5. Kama, Cupid, the god of love and of lust. B.symb.num.: 13. Comp. O dod-Kdms the world of sensual pleasure, the world of Brahma; Dod-/cains- bddg-ma, prop. n. Skye-dgui-bddg-^no, = Dpal-lhd-mo. O dod-mfcan he that wishes, seeks, sues, a lover, suitor, cca., nai bu- mo O ddd-mtcan mdn-po O duy there are here many suitors of my daughter Glr. O dod- dyu all wishes, lus O dod-dgur sgyur-ba to transform one's self at pleasure Mil., Stg. O dod-can, O dod-lddn, O dod-pa-can eager, desirous Cs. O dod - cdgs (TTJT) passion, carnal desire, lust, frq., O dod-cdgs skyes-te, Q dod-cdgs-kyis yduns-te; as the highest of the three guna (cf. yti-mug) it corresponds to ^ncf, virtue, and is symbolized as cock or hen, though Tibetan readers probably never understand anything else by it than sensual indulgence. Q dod- )6 v. ^jo-ba. O dod-dun strong desire Cs. O dod-dpdl prop. n. Dodpal. a large hard ware -manu- factory and mint at the foot of the Potala in Lhasa. O dod-brdl, O dod-med, free from passions. ^dod-^pai) ydn-(tan) 'wished for goods', earthly goods and pleasures, whatever is grateful to the senses, such as O dod-pa Ina, a delight to the ears, the eyes, the palate etc. Q dod-I6<j unchastity, lewdness, prostitution, spyod-pa to have illi- cit, esp. incestuous intercourse, dan with. O dod-sred- can avaricious, greedy Pth., yet cf. cags-sred- can; both words prob. signify the same. O dod-lha = O dod-pa 5. o don Lt., n. of a medicine (?) dkar, dmar, skyur- don. O dn-p", pf- bton, fut. (Cs.} ydon, imp. ton, W. *ton-ce*, the vulg. word for Jbyin-pa, vb.a. to fon-pa, Jbyitn- ba, to cause to go out or to come forth, i.e. 1. to expel, throw out, eject, from the house, village etc.; to take out, from a box; to draw forth; to dig out, metals; *zdn-ton-sa* W. a copper-mine; *ton-te b&r-ce* W. to put, set, lay, place out; to let out, of prison Pth.; to drive or turn away, to dismiss, a servant, a wife etc., frq.; *na Koi fca-ne can ma ton* W. I could not get or force any thing out of him; mct-ma O don-pa to shed tears Glr. ; with skad and similar words: to utter, to set up (a cry), to make one's self heard; hence 2. to pronounce, .///- qe ynyis-ynyis-su O ddn-pa to pronounce two consonants as two distinct sounds Gram.; to pronounce a magic formula; klog-pa dan O don-pa-la goms-sin practising reading and pronouncing Dzl.; to say, to repeat; to re- cite (sacred texts) with a singing, drawling tone, like that of mendicant friars; hence in general, to perform one's devotions; zal- O don - du mdzdd - pa, Tar. 95 , 11, prob. resp. = Ka-ton byed-pa to repeat by heart; fugs-la O don-pa prob. to read silently. 3. fig. to elevate, to raise, M fog-tu, Pth., or rgydl-sar Glr., to raise to the throne; mgo v. mgo - O don, sub mgo compounds; yzdn - gyi srog to prolong a person's life, by affording him a (scanty) subsistence T/igy.; *sr6g-ton-Kan(-po}* W. the giver of life, fannnios. 4. *Ka ton- be* W. to sharpen a scythe by means of a hammer. 5. to edit, to publish, books, Tar. 47, 17. 6. cos mfd - ru O don - pa to arrive at the end and scope of religious knowledge Mil. 7. W. resp. to take, to taste, to eat or to drink, don yin-na would you like a taste of that? don-Kan dining-room; don- gir resp. for ta-gir; don-rag for "<-rag. . o ddm-pa 1. to come together /././., Lt. 2. for O ddm-pa to choose, to make a choice Glr. 3. also O ddms-pa, pf. ydams, ft. ydam, imp. O doms, 1. to ad- vise, cf. i -dam -pa. 2. to exhort, bdg-med- pa-rnams-la wicked persons, brtson-par to give diligence Tar. 3. to recommend Glr., to bid, to command, v. ydfim-pa. - 4. 6s.: importance; business, occupation (?). 18* 282 ) (-pa Cs.) 1. a long- measure, a fathom, = 6 feet, O dom-gdh one fathom, $.#., as the usual length of a man, = Km bzi; sin O dom do a piece of wood two fathoms long DzL; O dom bcui don a well ten fathoms deep; O dom-gyis, or O dmns-su ^dl-ba to measure by fathoms Cs.; O dom-gah-gru-bzi \. adj. measuring a square fathom, also a cubic fathom; 2. sbst. a strong jail or dungeon. 2. imp. of O dam-pa to choose. o 6 ^^ the pudenda, privities, regio pubis, O doms(-kyi)-spu the hair of that region, O doms-spu O fog-pa to pluck out such hair Cs. ; rna-ma O doms 6g-tu )vg- pa col. to take to one's heels; O doms-ston vulg. without breeches ; sdoms-lpdgs foreskin, prepuce (?); O doms - ytsdn(-md) C. a pure virgin; a nun; O doms -ytsdn -pa a chaste monk (if not rather sdom is meant); O doms- rds (also car-rasCs.) a small apron to cover the privy parts Cs. O dar-ba, pf. and imp. dor (cog. to ytw'-ba, stdr-ba, byi-dor, pyag- ddr). 1. to throw or cast away, like ytor- ba and O b6r-ba Stg.; esp. to throw out, to eject, spittle, frq.; dri-cu O dor-ba to make water Glr.; fig. srog O dor-ba to fling away one's life DzL; to sweep out or away DzL, Stg. 2. (opp. to len-pa, bzed-pd) to decline, refuse, reject, despise, things offered DzL; to reject, a reading, a passage Gram.', to disapprove, of an action as immoral; blan- dor, gdor-len, accepting and rejecting, de- ciding for or against, e.g. dge-sdig-gi Glr. 3. to subtract, dor-bai lhdg-ma Wdk. the remainder left after subtracting; perh. also to divide. 4. srog O dor-ba also signifies: to endanger life, or to deprive of life, used e.g. of diseases S.g.; yom-pa O dor-ba (= Q b6r- ba), to pace, to step, to stride, frq. ; dmod- pa O dor-ba V. dmod-pa. O d6l~sa Lex., fertile ground or soil O drd-ba 1. adj., C.: Vd-fe*, similar, equal (which two notions gen. are not strictly distinguished from each other) ; O drd-ba O di-dag these equal things, for: drd-ba these comparisons, Pth. ; kyed ynyis O drd- bar O dug , O dra - ba yin , O drao , you two resemble each other very much; with a pleon. mnyam: rih-tufi mnydm-la O drd-ba equally long DzL; gen. with dan or accus., seldom with terrain., in various applications: lcyed(da/i) O drd-ba ni your equals DzL ; bud- med-du O drd-bai ndn-na amongst woman- like, effeminate (men), DzL; O dii byin fsd/'ts- pa dan O drao his brightness is equal to (that of) Brahma DzL ; yzdn-gyi don-laaii rdn-gi O drar sems-pa esteeming our neigh- bour's advantage as high as our own S.g.; fams-cdd-la bu ycig-pa dan drao he behaved to all as (to) an only son DzL; with a negative: yzan yan de dan O drd-ste yndn- ba med others shall allow it just as little as he himself DzL ; Sans-rgyds dan O drd- bar byd-bai pyir in order to be equal to Buddha, to come up with Buddha Dzl.\ brtsigs-pa mi O dra skyes-pa O dra not as if (it had been) built, but as if it had grown up spontaneously Glr. ; bdag O dra bud-med blo-dmdn kyah even a stupid woman like myself; skra O drd-ba yod-dam whether any thing like hair is still left? Mil. ; fen-ro O dra rnyed he found the remnants of a carcass or something like it Mil.', ro dan O drd-ba as much as dead Wdn.', mnydn- pa dan O drd-bai bses-ynyen a teacher like as a ferryman (conveying to the shores of happiness) Thgy. ; rtag - rtdg O dra yan seemingly eternal Mil ; skyid-skyid O drayan even if it appears a blessing Mil. ; run-ba dan O drd-na if it appears feasible DzL; ster dgos-pa O dra it seems I shall be obliged to give it Glr.; da-ldn Kyod ntis-pa ce-ce Q dra bzin byun - ste as your strength this time at least seems to be rather great Mil. ; Kyedslu-slii O dra you might easily be ensnared Mil.; mi- drd-ba unequal, unlike, different, snon-cdd dan mi O drd-bar quite otherwise than formerly DzL ; cos-pa mi O drti-bar not like, not befitting, a priest Mil.; various, several, *lia-ze mi-dd-wa* C. several dishes; O di- dra-ba, de- dra-ba SUC\n;de-dras, (*dhen- de* C. vulg.) SO, thus ; ci- dra-ba, )i- dra- ba of what kind (qualis), ci- dra cig legs- 283 drans O drub-pa par ston dgos you must tell me minutely how she looks, what kind of appearance she has Glr.; pug ci O dra cig ^on what will be the upshot? where is this to end? Glr.; na ji- dra-bar de bzin O gyur he becomes just what I am Stg.; *gkdn-de* C. col. how? O dra- dra ( W. * dan-da**) very frq. for O drd- ba, e.g. sa-dkdr-gyi rgyu O drd- dra-la tig- rtse-zer something similar to the substance of tin is called zinc; O dra mi O dra like and unlike; equality, likeness, similarity, O t/ra mi O dra ltd-ba to examine the likeness Glr. 2. sbst. 1. resemblance, likeness, v. O d6gs- pa 2. 2. form, shape, appearance, phase. Thg. O drans v. grafts. * drad v. brad. .fir an v. O drdl-ba, pf. dral (cf. rdl-ba and krdl-ba), to tear to pieces, to rend asunder; also to pull down, a house; to rip up, to cut open, an animal. O dri-ba, pf. and imp. Q dris, 1. to ask, . . . la, W. nas, a person ; with accus. to enquire after or about a thing; gros- dri- sa a place for asking advice, oracle Glr. ; bld-rna O dri-ba to inquire after one's Lama Mil. ; pa-mdi ytam after one's parents Dzl. ; O dri-bai fsig interrogative pronoun, e.g. ci Gram. ; v. also dri-ba. 2. inst. of O bri-ba. O^r-q- O drin-ba Glr. fol. 57, 12? another reading: Idiii-ba. O drid-pa for Jbrid pa. O drim-pa for O brim-pa. aEarq* O dril-ba, pf. dril, I. vb. n., cf. O gril- ba and hril-ba, 1. to be turned, rolled round or twisted into a thing, od-zer- gyi gdn-bur to be wrapped into a covering of light Glr.; to gather, to flow together, as po-bai bdd-kan, the gastric phlegm Med.; fig.: blo-sems ycig-tu O dril-te whilst our minds were flowing together Glr.; yi(/-/>u- rntnns ka-^lril-te no-log-pa a conspiracy Sc/ir. 2. to roll down, ri-bo itos-la the slope of a hill Tligy. 3. to fall, to fall down W. II. vb. a., cf. sgril-ba, to wrap up, rds- ki/is in a kandkerchief Glr., dar sna Inas in five sorts of silk Glr. ; zans-kyis (covered or sheathed) with copper Mil.; to heap together, to pile up, me-tog pun-por dril the blossoms are aggregated, heaped to- gether in a panicle Wdn. ; dril-bas in short, to sum up all, in summa Glr. Ijags O dril- ba Sch. : to play with the tongue, moving it to and fro. O dns-pa to be accustomed to, to be acquainted with, gen. with dan, Glr. and col. ; rarely with accus. : fnyen )i team O dris bzin the more friends you get familiar with ; mig O dris ces-na if persons constantly see one another, get perfectly used to one another, Mil.; mostly adj. (= goms-pa} accustomed, used, mi or Kdn- pa dan, to men, to one's house; also dris- pa used absol. = tame W. ; dris-pa mi an acquaintance, a sympathizing friend, an assistant Thgy.\ snar-dris-kyi mi an old acquaintance, an old crony Thgr. A deri- vation of dris-pa from O dnd-pa, Jbrid-pa, to deceive, to bait, to decoy, and hence to tame, was suggested by some Tibetans, but is after all scarcely to be authenti- cated. Q^'^T O dru-ba v. Jbru-ba. O drugs-pa to fall into small pieces, to crumble (away) Sch. O drud-pa, pf. and imp. drud( drus?), rarely O brud-pa, 1. to rub, lus the to file, to rasp, sin wood, Lex.; to rub off, to scour, *be-ma dan W.; to polish, to smooth, to plane, pag-ste with a plane W.; to grind, to powder, to pulverize (?). - 2. to drag, to draw or pull along on the ground, by a rope, ro sd-la a dead body on the ground (ina- drus-par without slipping (?) Med.~) 3. *t]ud-de gyur ton* W. move, or push it a little aside; dud cdd-ce W. to cut off obliquely (?). O dri<b-pa, pf. and imp. drub(s) 1. to sew Sch., so perh.Dc/. ^^>, 1 1 . body 284 NS drul-ba 2. to embroider 6'. 3. to heal, rma wounds S.g. fsem-drub needle- work Sch. O drul-ba, pf. drul, gen. rul (q.v), to become putrid, to rot, to putrefy, drul- bar gyur-ba id.; O drul-bar byed-pa to cause to be decomposed Med.; rten- drul prob. : putrefied substances, bsan-yas Jbyin- par-byed are removed with the faeces Med. ? O dre, also lhd- dre, W. *ldn-cle*, goblin,, gnome, imp, demon, evil spirit, devil, col. the most frq. word for such beings; quite in a general sense : klu-ynydn-la sogs- pai lha- dre-rnams; byd- dre, O dre-rgod Lt. prob. two particular species of demons; zd - O dre is said to be a word for 'owl' ; O dres Jfyer-ba to be carried off by goblins Ma.; O dres-}'nod, O drei ynod-pa mischief done by evil spirits ; O dre J)ug-pa the entering of evil spirits, the state of possession; O dre- zugs -pa ( W. *-Kan*} one possessed by a devil, a demoniac ; skrod-pa to cast out, O dul- ba to subdue (devils). Comp. O dre- O jigs-sin = gu-gul-sin, 'devil's fear', a resinous wood, by the burning of which goblins are smoked out. - O dre- pan-Jca n. of the fruit of sgon-fog Wdn. *de-pu (or bu?)-fsub* W. whirlwind, water- spout. O dre-po a male devil, O dre-mo a female d., O dre-bu a young d., an imp Cs. O dre-me-bud ignis fatuus, will-o'the wisp, Jack with the lantern Schr. O dre-dmdg a goblin host. O dre-ldg the left hand, the left side of the body being supposed to belong to the evil spirits C. O dre-sig 'devil's louse', bed-bug C. O dre-srin goblins and Rakshasas, demons in general, frq. Q$*n* O dre-ba I. pf. and imp. O dres, prop. ^ vb.n. to bsre-ba, 1. to be mixed with, de ynyis dres-(-nd) Lt. if the two are mixed with each other; pyogs-ycig-tu O dres mixed together, miscellaneous Lex.] O dres-mfsdms ( O fsams Tar.} the 'limit of mixing', rgyd- mfso dan gdn-gd O dres-mfsdms the influx of the Ganga into the sea Tar. 178, 9; fsig yzan ma O dres-par without mingling other talk with (the conversation); Ka dan snyin ma O dres a man with whom word and senti- ment differ, a hypocrite; cos dan cos ma o dren-pa yin-pa O dres right and wrong were mixed together; in an absol. sense: spyod-pa O dres- te mu-stegs-par gyur-to his course of life degenerated, and he became a Brahmanist Pth.; dud- gro O dres-pa an animal of a mixed race, half-breed, mongrel; ma O dres- par without any confounding or mixing to- gether, sharply discriminating Mil.; ma- O dres-pa prob. pure, unadulterated. 2. to interfere, to meddle with, *de U-ka dan ma cle* W. do not meddle with that; to have intercourse with, to engage in, B. and col.; rdn-sems bld-ma O dres-pas bde through your, the Lama's, intercourse with my soul, in your society, I am happy Mil ; ytam O drd- ba id. II. erron. for ^gre-ba Pth. O dreg-pa v. Jbreg-pa. o^reys v. dreg-pa. o d d -P a ^ slide, glide, slip, *ded- de gyel* W., * ded-tag(?) sor-ne * C. he slipped and fell. Q$cT]* O dren-pa, pf. dran(s\ fut. dran, imp. drops'), 1. to draw, drag, pull, a carriage Glr. ; a person by his arm Dzl. ; drdg-tu violently Dzl.; to draw tight, a rope Dzl.; to draw from, to pull out, an arrow out of a wound Glr. ; to press or squeeze out, matter, pus, Med. ; to tear out, ysoii- poirgyu-ma the intestines of a living person ; fig. Ka-cig fser-snon-gyi rigs-suait O dren some reckon it (lit. draw it) to the species of Meconopsis Wdn. ; to cause, to effect, bde- cen felicity Thgy., skyug-pa vomiting Tar. - 2. to conduct, water (W. *rdn-ce*}; to lead, to guide; with or without swa, lam O dren-pa tq direct a person in his way; also sbst. guide, O dren-med without a guide, without akingZteZ. ; esp.toleadto happiness, felicity, frq.; opp. to log- O dr en-pa q.v.; yul- du-dmag to lead an army into a country, to wage war against it, frq. 3. to cite, to quote, lun a religious authority Cs. 4. to invite, a guest; to call, to go to meet; to cause to appear, to conjure up, a ghost, a deity; resp. spydn- dren-pa, yddn- dren- 285 rdun-ba pa; also for to fetch, to go for, if the object is of a sacred character, e.g. relics; spyan ma drafts-par O gro-ba to go uninvited ( s. 5. to place before one, to serve up, dishes, meals; to pour out, beer, wine etc., ccdpar., frq.; resp. with zdl-du Pth.; to taste, to eat or drink what has been offered, resp. W. (cf. mcod-pa, ysol-ba). 6. to count, to number, esp. with re, wre-re-nas, separately, one by one, Glr., Mil.; to enumerate, ma drans . .. are here not enumerated Wdn.; c. tennin. to count for, to consider, to look upon as, dpe-ru as a parable, as not existing Mil. 7. W. in a general sense: to convey, to remove, *zd-ce fur-man dan den* food is conveyed by a spoon, *Ica Kyem dan den* snow is removed by a shovel. 8. further: rkan (resp. zabs~) O dren-pa to insult, to scoff, to deride Thyy., C. me O dren-pa the blazing, flaring of a flame Sch. mgo- dren v. myo, comp. O dren - ma, O dres - ma, mixture, medley, e.g. in border-districts a mixed dialect, a mixed religion; a mixed colour, e.g. gray. O dr6iis-pa = O dren -pa, esp. in conjunction with spyan: spydn- O dro//s-sam Itos sig; mi drons-na try whether you can invite him (whether he will come) ; if not, then . . . Mil., also Mil. nt. O dr6g-pa 1. to wince, shrink, quiver, start, from fear; to shy, of horses; O dr6g-can shy, skittish, easily frightened W. 2. O drog-sl6n-ba Sch. : to take by sur- prise, to deceive by cunning, to outwit; blo- O dr6g Lex. w.e. S drob-sky6n Sch. : 'the keeper of light' (?). rdan v. ydan. rddb-pa v. rdeb-pa. rddr-ba \. bddr-ba. rddl-ba, pf. and fut. brdal, imp. rdol, also yddl-ba, bddl-ba, \ . to spread, sand, stones, manure, esp. if done by means of a stick, rake, shovel etc.; to extend, a canopy Pth.\ to cover, rdzin-yi zabs bye- mas, the bottom of a pond with sand Dzl.\ fig. dam-cos fan-mar bddl-ba-la now when holy religion lies before you as if it were spread out in a plain, i.e. when it is accessible to all, Mil.; kyab-yddl or rddl spreading far and wide, all-embracing, sems ndm- mfi'a ltd-bu, cds-kyi klon, cos-dbyins, and the like ; gron-rddl v. sub f/ron. 2. sos- . w.e.; Sch.: slowly, not in a hurry. >'dig yo-bydd? ndn-gi rdig kun Mil. seems to mean : all the utensils and furniture of a house. Itm- ' ?cn$rr rdigs - pa to beat Sch., prob. = ' ' rdeg-pa. ^n'rr rdib-pa, pf. rdibs, vb. n. to rtib-pa, "^ to fall to pieces, to give way, to break down, of a roof, rock, tree, the heavens. 2. to get dinted, battered, like tin-vessels by a blow or knock, C., W. rdu-ba Cs. thistle, not generally known, but perh. the same as ma-rdu. rdug-pa, pf. brdugs, fut. brduy, 1. to conquer, to vanquish (?), klu-rnams- kyis lha-ma-yin fub-cin rditg-par byds - te the Nagas having overcome and vanquished the Asuras Sty. ; hence prob. to annihilate, destroy, undo, der fabs brdugs -pas as all resources were destroyed Pth. 2. to strike against, to stumble at, C. (cf. fug-pa II, 3) ; fogs-rdug (or brtug)~med-pa, v. fogs -pa, without impediment. K rdun, a small mound, hillock, Ld. \s xr-n* rdun-ba, pf. brduns, fut. brduii, imp. 4 (b}rdun(s), also bdun-ba, to beat, to strike, a person, a drum etc. ; to cudgel, to drub, also rduh- fsoq-pa (Sch. - O fsob-pa?); to beat with a hammer, to hammer, lcags\ rdun-du run-ba malleable, ductile; to knock, sao at a door ; to break to pieces, to smash, rdo-yis with a stone (the sacrificial vessels) Glr.; to beat out, brd-bo buckwheat, with a stick; hence to beat out with a flail, to thrash; to pound, to bray: xttn-rduH a pestle Ld. />/<> rdiiii-lm to dance. yzu rdun- ba to bend the bow, v. Schf. on Dzl. 7xS?, 11. lcan a fighter, bully; of horses: 286 rdum-po a kicker ; of oxen, butting. rduit-ytdg Lex. w.e., prob. a drubbing, a sound thrashing; rdun-ytag byun I have got a drubbing. rdum-po Cs. maimed, mutilated, nh'nn- po byed-pa to mutilate, lag-rdum a maimed hand, rkan-rdum a maimed foot, rwa-rdum a mutilated horn; havingamaimed hand, foot etc. Mil. xrji- rdul dust not so much as a deposited ^, mass, but rather as particles floating in the air, motes, atoms; thus esp. rdul- p'rdn, rdul-prd-mo, rdul-pra-rdb , nyi-zer- gyi rdul, yet less to express minuteness than infinite number; atom, in a philosophical sense, feu - Urdg - gi rdul fams-cdd all the atoms of the procreative fluid Wdn.; monad, rdul-pra-rab-ca-med, ace. to Was. (279); rdul O ful, Idan, dust arises DzL; rdul mi ful-bar (or ma Idan- bar) byed-pa to lay the dust DzL; spi*ug-pa, W. *srug-ce*, to shake off, to beat out ; rdul-du rlog-pa (in this case also fdl-bar rlog-pa) to crush or pound a thing, until it is reduced to powder Lex.', glah-rdul Cs.: 'a, mote in the dung of an ox'(?), Sch.: '& small particle of cow- dung.' rdo-rjei rdul diamond-powder(P) Lex. ; sol-bai rdul coal-dust. Comp. rdul - can dusty. rdul-pydgs dusting-whisk, dusting-brush Sch. rdul-fsub a whirling cloud of dust. rdul-fson col- oured stone-dust, employed in certain ce- remonies, for making figures drawn in the sand more visible Mil. nt. rdul-fzdn a blouse (?), travelling-cloak against the dust, Wdk. fol. 144 a Lha wears such a garment. rdul-po, prob. erron. for rtul-po DzL 9W 2 :" rde in compounds for rdeu. rde-ba-da-ru Wdn., tibetanized from ^rarei^r. cedar. rdeg(s)-pa, pf. (6)n%s,fut. brdeg, imp. (6>%(s), to beat, strike, smite, c. accus., or (less corr.) c. dat., chiefly in B., rdeg-cin spyod-pa, verberando con- cumbere, to compel a wife by blows to fulfil the conjugal duty Thgy.', me- Ion- la b)'dey-cin beating the looking-glass in anger ^ rdo Glr. ; rdeg- fsog-gi sdug-bsndl the ill-fortune of getting a beating Thgy.; to push, thrust, knock, kick, pul-rdeg a blow with the fist, byed-pa to give one Mil.; rdeg-cos Lex. w.e., Sch. a dance; rdeg-cos -pa to dance, so perh. Thgy.. if brdog-cos-pa is not a better reading, glo^rdeg(-tu) = glo-biir-du, sud- denly. ?^'CJ" rdeb-pa, sometimes for sdeb-pa. t- rdeb(s)-pa, pr.ob. the original form, but of rare occurrence, for rddb-pa, pf. brdabs, fut. brdab, 1 . to throw down with a clap, to clap the coat-tail on the ground Glr.; with a clashing sound, a potsherd Tar. ; to fling or knock down, a person Mil. ; lus sd-la to prostrate one's self, very frq. ; rtas (to be thrown) by the horse Sch.; *ka ddb-pa* i. C. to fall upon one's face. 2. It", to smack with the tongue, also of the snapping of a spring, of the clapping down of a lid or the cover of a book; *kd- Ipags deb -pa* W. to smack with the lips (in eating). 2. to throw to and fro, to toss about, mgo-bo rdebs-sin O dre-ldog-pa to turn one's head this way and that way Pth. - 3. to stumble Sch., so perh. Lt. fol. 196, 6; cal rddb-pa Lex., rddb-cal-ba Sch. to slip and stumble. 4. to kill, to slaughter Bal. 5. *deb-sog se'-pa, tan -wo? C., *ur deb tdn-ce* W., to talk big, to exaggerate. xn CJ"J"' rdeu, rde, rdel-po, dimin. ^ N3 ' v ^ of rdo, 1. a little stone, pebble, rdeu bskur-ba bzin like a little stone thrown on the ground Glr. 2. the stone, calculus, in the bladder or the kidneys, po- rde calculus in males, mo-rde in females; rdeu cdgs-pa the concrescence of a calculus, rdeu ^don-pa the removing it Cs. rdel- dkdr a white pebble, rdel-Krd a coloured pebble Cs. rde-^rdm ('the spreading of little- stones') the counting with pebbles Cs. rde-yzdl a pavement of pebbles. 3. a musket-ball C., rdeu-pdr a bullet-mould; a bullet-founder C. y 1 rdo B., C., rdo-ba in W. the usual form, i in more recent lit. frq., 1. stone. 2. weight, for weighing things by a balance, 287 rdo rdo-rjt col.; rdoi of stone, rdoi tub-pa a stone Buddha Glr.; rdo skyed-pa, skyd-ba, to carry or drag stones to a place; *do-cdg cog-pa' C. a ceremony observed in making a contract, by breaking a stone and using the fractured side as a seal, cf. mdzug-gu O tud-pa ; rdo-bcdl btin-ba Sch. : 'stones ar- ranged according to their species'; *do-rub- la tdn-ce, do-rub tdh-te sdd-ce* W. to pelt, beat, or kill with stones, to stone: rdo rus fug to the last extremity Sch.\ dnul-rdo a stone containing silver, silver-ore Lex.; sprin-rdo a sort of marble Cs.; sbrd-rdo Sch., (perh. spra-rdo?) asbestus; me -rdo fire-stone, flint; rman-rdo foundation-stone; zur-rdo corner-stone; yser-rdo a stone con- taining gold, gold-ore Cs. Comp. rdo-kldd a stone resembling a sheep's brain, and used as a remedy for diseases of the brain S.g. rdo dkdr Cs. a white stone; Sch. alabaster. rdo-skrdn a kind of steatite or soap-stone. rdo- K'd a vein in a stone. rdo-Kog a stone pot. rdo-mfcns gall-stone (?) S.g. rdo- rgyud various kinds of soft stone, as ser- pentine, soap-stone, chalk. rdo-rgyus S.gJ *do-cdg* C. oath taken in the above mentioned ceremony. rdo-cdl Sik. = rdo- yzdl. rdo-cdr a shower of stones; hail Schr. rdo- cdn, W. *dom-cdn*, a stone of such a size as may be grasped by the hand. rdo-mnyen Cs. = ka-ma-ru a soft kind of stone, alabaster. rdo-snyin jasper Sch. rdo-fdl Cs. stone -ashes, calcined stone; Sch. quicklime, Schf. Tar. 103,14: chalk; rdo-fdl byugs-pa to rough -cast, to plaster. rdo-dreg S.g. ? Sch. dirt on stones. rdo-snum rock-oil, petroleum Schr. * do- pe* W. stone-dust, small p;irticles or grains of stone. rdo buh-ba a shining black stone Cs. rdo-bos (perh. do-bos') a large hammer, mallet 1A. do-dbyug a sling- stone S.g. rdo -Jbum a sacred heap of stones, a mani. rdo -shorn large, heavy stones Sch. rdo-rtsig stone-wall rdo- fsdd (= ydm-bu, rta-rmig-ma Cs.) a bar of silver-bullion, of about 156^ tolas (4 pounds) in weight, the common medium of barter in Central Asia. rdo-zun Lt. brag- zun bitumen, mineral pitch (?) rdo-zo lime, both quick lime and slaked lime C. rdo- fzdl a stone-pavement. rdo-fzogs a cut or wrought stone 6s. rdo-zdm a stone- bridge; a rock-bridge, natural bridge formed by overhanging rocks. rdo-rin(s) a stone pillar, obelisk, as a land-mark, monument, or an ornament of buildings Glr. rdo- ril a globular stone Pth. rdo-leb a stone slab to sit upon ; or to write on etc. rdo - sran a stone weight 6s. rdo - srin Glr. 50, 10, evidently a corruption of dar- srin. y"- rdo-r)e, gen. *dor-je* W. *ddr-2!e*, ^^, i (Zam. also ^tra) 1. precious, stone, jewel, esp. diamond, more precisely: rdd- rje pa-ldm', rdo-iyei ytun a knocker made of precious stones Dzl. ; rdo - rjei sku an adamantine body Pth. ; rdo-rjei fse an ada- mantine life G7r.; zag-med-rdo-rje-lta-bui fse-la mna brnyed-pas Pth. as much as im- mortality; rdo-rjei )im-pa, or rin-po-cei jim-paGlr. mortar composed of pulverized precious stones and water, and considered a cement of marvelous properties. 2. thunderbolt, originally the weapon of Indra, with the northern Buddhists the ritual sceptre of the priests (v. Kopp. II, 271; Was. 193), held by them during their prayers in their hands and moved about in various directions; symbol of hardness and durability, also of power; source of many phantastic ideas and practices ; frq. forming part of names. 3. euphem. for po-rtdgs C. Comp. rdo-rje-glin seems to be the po- pular spelling of the Sanitarium in British Sikkim, which by the English generally is written Darjeeling. (Here Csoma died, and Dr. Hooker staid here for some time.) Ace. to several titles of books in the Petersb. list of manuscripts, it ought properly to be spelled dar-rgyas-glin. rdo-rje-rgya-grdm v. rgya comp. rdo-r)e-ycdd-pa, ^^T^f^qrr, title of a religious book most extensively used among Buddhists; Was. (145), fiwn. I, 465. - rdo-rje-^cdn, 288 rdo-ra " Ma.. also Idg-na, or pydg-na-rdo-rje, and abbreviated Za#-, or pyay-rdor, holder of the sceptre, originally the Indra of the Brahmans; in Buddhism, in the first place, the Dhyani Bodhisatva of the Dhyani Buddha Aksobhya, and secondly a terri- fying deity, the guardian of the mystical doctrine (Was. frq.), hence confounded with the cos-sktjon-bzi, as well as with ku-be-ra, prince of the ynod-sbyin, and special deity of Milaraspa; v. Kopp. and Schl. rdo- r)e-fddn, ej^fraT, prop the diamond seat or throne of Buddha at Gaya, Kopp. I, 93, and hence also proper name applied to that town, frq. rdo-rje -pa-ldm diamond v. above. rdo-rje-pdcj-mo, ^J^TTTflj or 3T'jfVr% ( Wts. 136) 'diamond-sow', a goddess of later Buddhism, frq. worshipped (also in Lh.j where she has a sanctuary at Mar- kula near Trilpknath), and incarnated as abbess in a nunnery, situated on an island of the lake Pal-te, v. Georgi Alph. Tib., Wts. 135. rdo-r)e-pur-pa Glr. an in- strument the upper part of which is a dorje and the lower a purpa. rdo-rje-legs-pa, abbrev. *dor - lag*, a local deity in LA., originally an honest village black-smith. rdo-rje- sems-dpa, cjSjq-^. gen. = rdo-rje- ^dn (Was. 188), sometimes differing from it, v. Schl. p. 50; also = mi-skyod-pa, Ak- sobhya; also mi - skyor't - rdo-rje Glr. Re- specting the word rdo-rje cf. Burn. I, 526. 2fc" rdo-ra, or rto-ra circle of dancers W. jqr rdog C. root, *dog dhan 16 -ma* root ' ' and leaves; *lab-dog* radish-root; yet cf. rdog-po. |JOTcr rdog-pa step, footstep; kick, rdog-pa Jb6r-ba to step, to pace, to walk Cs.; rdog-sgra the sound of steps, the clattering of hoofs; rdog-stdn a straw-mat for clean- ing one's shoes C. ; rdog-pai ^6g-tu O jug-pa Dzl ;*?, 13 (Ms.-, Sch.: rdog-pai zdbs-su?) to prostrate, to throw under one's feet; rdog- pas rdun-ba Sch., O pul-ba Sch., snon-pa, mndn-pa Sch., rdog-ptd rgydb-pa Pth., *dog- fopul-wa* C., * dog-con gyab-ce* W.to strike with the foot, to apply a good kick, to stamp the ground; rdoy-bstdd byed-pa prob. id.; prop, to load, to pack on(? 7 \ rdog-po (Cs. also rdog-ma), a grain of corn, sand, sugar; a drop of rain Glr.; sranrdog bdun seven peas; O preh-rdog the bead of a rosary, which often consists of grains of seed ; a piece, rdog-ycig (how many turnips do you want?) one C. J" rdons-pa v. sdohs-pa. * rdom-cdn v. rdo-mcdn. Si- rdor 1. in compound words for rdo- ' rje. 2. n. of a monastery in Tibet Cs. Chronolog. Table 1223 p. C. 3. - sdor Cs. 1^'^T rdol-pa a cobbler 6s., pTob.==}>dol-pa. IJjj-q- rdol-ba, pf. and fut. brdol, vb. n. to rtol-ba, 1. to come out, to break forth from, to gush forth, to issue from, of a well of water (issuing from) Pth. ; to come up, to sprout, to shoot, of seed; *so ma dol* W. the teeth are not yet cutting; /con - nas rdol-bai glu a song streaming forth from .within Mil. ; mi-nad rdol-zin diseases break- ing out among men Mil.] to flow or run Off, of the water of a lake; klon rdol-ba to come forth, to proceed from the middle or the midst of Glr. (the meaning of this passage is not quite clear); rdol-yzer an instrument for boring metals Sch. 2. of vessels : to leak, to be not tight, to have holes, snod zabs-brdol a vessel with a leaky bottom Thgy.; also of shoes, covers, tent-cloth etc. not being watertight; to break, to burst, of ulcers, wounds; glo-^rdol Med. v. glo-ba; rdol-ynydn Sch.: 'fistula; gonorrhea'. 3. to rave, to del irate: to be sleep-walking, lunatic, also bla rdol(smrd}-ba Lex,, where it is explained by bab-col; ynyid-rdol, mig- rdol C. id. rdos-pa 1. sbst., Cs. = ydos; lus rdos- ce Lex. w.e. 2. vb. n. Sch.: 'to break, burst, flow out, dbii-ba, or Ibu-ba the bursting of a bubble'. oj. - Ida . . . Ld. frq. for kla . . ., gla . . ., " zla.. 289 Iddn-pa Idd-gu discourse, speech, conversation; ^ W.: *ldd-gu tdn-ce* to speak; *ldd- gu se-ce med* one cannot understand what is spoken or said; Idd-gu-can talkative Cs. Ida-man, Ld.-Glr. dha-mdn, a couple Of small kettle-drums, one hanging in front, the other behind, the latter being beaten by a second person that follows the bearer. ryaj- Ida-ldi a kind of ornament of silk or ^ cotton, a fringe or tassel, ddr-gyi, rin- po-cei, esp. worn in sacrificing, Lex. Iddg-pa, pf. bldays, fut. bldag, imp. Idog, to lick, /crag blood ; Had Iddg- pa the brain being licked up, a punish- ment of hell TJigy.; nd-bza-la, or -nas to lick a person's coat Mil.; *ldag-ldog* W. = pe-srul, lit. 'a lick', i.e. a pap prepared ofrtsdm-pa and can, licked from the fingers, or eaten with a spoon. nj^- Idan 1. v. Iddn-ba. 2. iorydan stand, "" frame, trestle. 3. W. *ldan-lddn-la kur* carry it lengthways! opp. to pred\ *ldan-lddn-la dad - ce* to rock with one's chair. Iddn-mgo the yarn-beam of a loom Sch. Gyatch. 3\SC; if the text is cor- rect, it would seem preferable to connect ri-dags with Iddii-sgo-ska, and to render it: 'the animal Sarabha', a fabulous eight- footed creature of the snowy mountains. Iddn-ba, pf. Idans or lans, imp. Idon, 1. vb. n. to sldn-ba, to rise, to get up (cf. the more frq. secondary form Idn- ba), O gyel-ba-las from a fall Wdn.; nydl- las from a lying position Lex.; stdn-las from a seat; fo-rdns in the morning Lt. ; no-mi-ses-pa-la before, or in presence of a stranger; also used of the bristling of the hair, Lt., of the rising of vapours, per- fumes, dust, of a wind springing up; to extend, to spread, dri nan -pa pyogs bcur Idaii an offensive smell is spreading in every quarter Tar.; Q Krugs-pa dbus-nas the rebellion (spread) from the province of U, Ma.; to break out, me-ro Idan, the smoth- ered flame breaks out again; in a special sense of morbid matter that has accumu- lated (ysog-pa) Med. frq., e.g. Ua-zds zu- nas Idan during digestion the symptoms break out anew; dgrd-ru Iddn-ba to show one's self an enemy, to break out into hosti- lities frq.; to arise, originate, break out, of dis- ease, despair, MY.; also for: to have risen, to Stand, but only in certain combinations, Idan dub byed-pa tired from having been standing (so long) Lt. 2. W. to suffice, to be sufficient, enough (cf. lon-ba) = Jiyed- pa, of food, clothes, money; hence Idan: complete, perfect, entire, whole, *ras ndn-$a rag-ma gos Idan cig* cotton cloth with lining (sufficient) for a whole dress; *du-gu gos Idan nyis* woolen yarn for two complete dresses. Idan prob. signifies also quite through, cf. Itan II.; Idan-fsdd occurs in medical works, and in many cases seems to imply quantity; neu - Idan Lex. = na- mnydm of the same age (Sch. not corr.). lddd-pa \. vb. pf. and fut. bldad, imp. Idod, to chew Zam., W.; skyug- Iddd Cs., v. skyug bldeg-cin ldad-pa(?) Sch. to chew the cud, to ruminate; log Cs. i. id., 2. rumination, deliberate reflection; Pur.: *spd Idad-cas* to taste, to try; Ld.: *di Idad-ce* to smell at. 2. Ld. for glad-pa Iddn-pa I. sbst., also mddn-pa Lex., cheek, Iddn(-pai) so cheek-tooth, molar tooth; Idan-lcdg Cs. a blow on the cheek, a box on the ear; *den-tsog* C. id. ; *mi dhe - la den - tsog gyag (or gyaV) son, mi dhe de'n-tsog-ghl mdn-po dun son* his ears have been soundly boxed; metaph. grog - Idan the cheek or side of a ravine Mil nt. II. vb. and adj. 1. originally: to be near to, hard by, a thing, (j uxta )> hence W. *lddn-la, lddn-du*, adv. and postp., near to, by, *ne lddn-la dug* sit down by my side; *sin-gi Iddn-du* close by the tree; *nai Iddn-du sog* come near to me! * gam -mi Iddn-du* near the box; *fser- mdii-ni lddn-la dul-ce* to go along the side of a hedge. 2. in B. and C. only 19 290 " Idir-ldir used with reference to possession (penes), mostly as partic. or adj., and construed like beds-pa, having, being possessed of, provided with, = can (which in W. is almost ex- clusively used in this sense). The objects may be things of any description, also physical and mental properties, so that Iddn-pa differs in this respect from beds- pa (Tar. 136, 14. 15); nor dan Iddn-pa rich, wealthy; sems-can dan Iddn-pa with child ; bu dan bu - mor - Iddn - pa having children; rig -pa dan Iddn-pa wise; with a negative: nor dan mi Iddn-pa; dan Idan-par O gyur-ba to get, to obtain, frq.; Iddn-du len-pa Glr. 101, 1 is stated to mean the same. Poetically, and forming part of certain expressions and names, without dan and pa, like can: nor-lddn, dga-Udn, O byor-lddn. 3. Iddn-pa and Idan dan O dus-pa seem to imply: mixed, compound (opp. to rkydn-ya) with regard to temper and disposition of mind S. g. - 4. to add up, sum up, Wdk. 5. W. *gun-ka fsug-pa Idan yin* it will be enough, it will hold out, till winter- time, prob. only a corruption of Iddn-ba. 6. Par. = O griff, regularly, properly, duly, rightly. lddn(-pa)-po one that has, that is able, a man of ability Cs. Iddn-ma n. of a country Ma. Idan-fsdd equivalent to O dus-fsdd Mng. 35 (?). Idab - Idib (skad) Lex. silly talk, tittle-tattle. Idab-ldob Lex. w.e., Cs. indolence, dullness, drowsiness; ace. to others, a hasty, volatile manner. rj- lddb-pa, pf. bldabs, fut bldab, imp. Idob, 1. Cs. to do again, to repeat; tkydr-Mdb Lex., Sch.: repeatedly, anew, afresh, again; nyis-lddb Lex., Sch.: for the second time, doubly, twice; *cu-(l)dab de san cen-mo yod* W. it is ten times as large as that, yet cf. ltdb-pa; *lddb-ste zer-na* W. saying it once more, again, in short, - 2. ? Ld.: *ldab zum-fe Kyer* take a firm hold of him (or it) with your hand, and carry him (or it) away! ajxrojrr Idam-lddm Cs., Idam-pa, very idle, slothful. r Idam - Idiim Cs.: 'mean, pitiful, sorry, idle'. Mam-Idem Ld. dubious, uncertain, used of things. Iddr-ba Cs. to be weary, tired, faint, languid, Idar-lddr-du O gyur-ba. ' ldi - ri ~ ri (v. Idtr-ba) the rolling of thunder Thgr. 'q* ldig-pa to fall or sink through Sch. ldin-ba to be swimming, floating, cf. rkydl-ba, W.: *cdii-niKa-f6g-la pabs Idiii dug*, opp. to *fil-la ner or nub-* to be suspended, floating, soaring (in the air), yndm-la, ndm-mKa-la-, mK'd-ldin v. mica. Idiii-Ka v. Itin-Ka. bower formed by the branches of a tree, the leafy canopy of a dense wood Mil.', sin yyu-lo rgijds- pai Idin - Kan the wide shady porches of turkois-leaved trees. ^' ~ dp an officer over fifty, ace. to others, over a hundred men, = brgyd-dpon, a sergeant, captain, distinguished by a copper button on his cap, Hook;U, 160. 200.; Idin-^og Sch., Idm-fso, the troop under this officer's command. I*^f" Mw- 86 ! or Idin -si Ld., adv. quite, very, very much, *na Idin - se Hams zdn-po yod* I am quite well; *na Idin-se ma O fdd son* I was very much displeased, very vexed; perh. also *ldins fdg-pa-nas* for ytin, cf. lihs-pa, or perh. in Ld. Idin is the form for ytin. ^q-rj. Idib-pa 1. vb., pf. bldib, Sch. = ldig-pa. 2. adj. Cs.: not clear, not intelligible, *Ka-dib* W. stammering, stuttering; Idib-ldib = Idab-ldib. fo^- Idim W. the crash of a falling tree, the report of a gun, *ldim zer-ra rag* 1 hear a crack. Idir-ldir is said to be = *di-ri- ri* ('. 291 ldir-ba Idem-pa ;r-jn- ldir-ba 1. also Itir-ba, to be distended, Inflated, to belly; Ito-ldir a big belly; Ito-ldir-can big-bellied. 2. to rush, to roar, of the wind W.; to roll, of the thun- der, Jbrag Idir it thunders; Idir bzin like thunder; Idir-sgra a thundering, roaring noise; Idir-ce-ba thundering Thgr. Idu-gu = ydu-ba, ydu-gu. Idug ( s ) - pa , pf. Idugs (Lex.}, blugs (usual form), fut. blug, imp. blug(s\ col. blug-pa, to pour, snod-du; Idg-cu blugs pour some water on my hands, give me water for washing; to sprinkle, to strew, sand Glr. ; to cast, to found, metals. Cf. blugs and lugs. 91^'CJ* ldud-pa, pf., fut. and imp. blud, col. 5 ' blud-pa, to give to drink, to water, cattle etc., with accus of the drink given, dug blud-ciii mi Q ci he does not die by a poisoned draught, btun - ba blud he gives (him) to drink Thgr.', fug -pa legs -par blud - bin making (another) eat plenty of soup Lt, as one also says: fug-pa O fun- ba to eat soup. ojr r Idum 1. vegetables, greens, in general. 5 - 2. W. lettuce, salad; Idum-ndg, a kind of lettuce 6s.; Idum-bu 1. 6s. plant, stalked plant. '2. prob. for ldom-bu Mil; 3. C. vulgar pronunciation for sdo-h - po. - Idum-ra i. W. kitchen -garden; 2. fruit- garden, orchard, and 3. esp. flower-garden (better sdum-ra); Idum-ra-pa gardener Pth. Idum-po, Idum -Idum, 1. for dum-po Glr.; 2. Ld. for zlum-po, round; Mil. also Idum-la O gril- ba made round, rounded off. Idur - Idur Lex. ; Sch. : roaring , rushing. oj Me? Lexx. miii(-gi)-lde w. e.; Ide-Ka " Sch.: 'belonging together, of the same species'. i- Ide-gu, Ideu Med. 1. 6s. mix- 9 ture, syrup (?); 2. ointment Wdn. also O de-ba), pf. (brides, fut. bide, imp. Ides, to warm one's self, c. accus., me, at the fire; nyi-ma, in the sun (not me-la}. Ide-mig B. and C. (Ts. col. *J- mag* Bal. *le-mig, otherwise not in use in W.) 1. key, Ide-cdb Glr. prob. id. 2. introduction, preface 6s. jn Ideu 1. 6k also sdeu, a kind of pease, ^ Hind. -q%\ 2. v. Ue-gu. Sm-q. W^r-pa (pf. &&%?) to quake, shake, tremble, e. g. of the palace of the gods Dzl. Men-ka, Idin-ka, v. Iten-ka, a pond. eb 1. Sch. leaf, sheet, of paper; 2. Idebs 1. Ideb-pa 1. Cs. = Ideg - pa', 2. Sch. to bend round or back, to turn round, to double down. r Idebs 1. side, Lex. = O dabs, e.g. of a mountain Sch., the flat side of a sword or knife 6s.; rus-pai Jbur-poi Idebs by the side of, near, the protuberance of a bone. 2. compass, enclosure, fence Sch. - 3. C., W. a large cloth, in which a person is carried by several others, either by means of a pole, or by taking hold of the four corners. This mode of conveyance is called Dandi (vgu/) Hindi). 4. in the Wdn. it seems to have still another sig- nification. Idem 1. v. Idem -pa I. 2. statue, idolatrous image, idol, standing upfight, cf. Mem-pall., C. 3. suspension-bridge (?) Ld.-Glr. Schl. 17, a; v. Mem-pa III. ofcrq' ldem-ya I. sbst. 1. 6s.: 'contrariety, opposition, irony', which seems not to be quite inconsistent with the explanation given by Zam., dran-min, as being an intentional concealing of the true sentiment. - Uem(-po) riddle, enigma (cf. fsdd-bt/a); mi-Idem, byd-ldem, bem-ldem an enigma or allegory applied to men, to birds, to in- animate beings; Idem-poi nag, Idem-ytam parable, allegory; Idem-dgons Lex. = Ssk. TSrf^JfV, prob.: a concealed deceitful in- tention, Sch. : 'a mysterious opinion' ; Idem- r)od-pa Cs. to say a riddle or parable, *ldem tad-be* W. to propose a riddle, Idem fsod-pa Cs., 36d-pa Sch., to solve a riddle. - 2. W. a trap (C. *pur-nyi*), *l 19* 292 Ider mouse-trap, *wa-ldem* fox-trap, *tsug-ce* to put a trap. II. adj. 1. (Schr. Idem-po) straight, upright; tall, well-made, Mil, prob. also Wdn. 2. partic. of III., inconstant; un- stable, variable, perishable 6s. III. vb., also Idem - Idem - pa Sch. to move up and down, striking, trembling, vibrating; fsog-sgro Idem-pa the clapping of wings Mil-, Idem -Idem flexible, supple, elastic, pliant. pfc^. Ider, Ts. = Idebs I., styai Ider -la on the side of a wall, on a wall, e.g. to paint, to scrawl; rii Ider. lder-ba &.: '1. toughness, clamminess, 2. potter's clay'. Ider-fso Cs. \. clay, 2. an idol made of clay Mng. Ider-sku Glr. prob. = Ider-fso 2.; ace. to others: a picture on a wall. Idei'-bzo figures mod- elled of clay, plastic work, Ider-bzoi lha Zam. = Ider-tso 2.; Ider-bzoi-ldebs Lex. a clay-enclosure (?) ldei*-so Glr. 88, 1. 2., by the context also figure, image. Jf Ido side, Ld. for glo. ldog-pa, pf. and imp. log, vb. n. to zlog-pa, 1. to come back, to re- turn, to go home, to depart. 2. to come again, often with pyir, of diseases, = to relapse; in a specific religious sense v. O brds-bu bzi, frq.; dgrar to come forward again as an enemy, to renew the war (ni f.) Mil. 3. to change, to undergo a change), as to colour, smell etc. Med.', ^gyur-ldog, and Idog-^yur Mng. changeableness, in- constancy, fickleness. 4. to turn away (vb. n.) las from; bio ldog-pa id. Thgy.', no ldog-pa v. log-pa. The partic. as adj.: de-las Idog-pai (the thing) opposed to that, contrary to it, Wdn; go-ldog id. Lt.; mgo- Idog Lex.? Sch. has also Idog-pye-ba distinguished, different, from each other, and ldog-pa reciprocal, mutual, each separately. Cf. log-pa. ldon-ba 1. vb., pf. Idons, Ion, to become blind, to be blind; to be in- fatuated. 2. adj., also Id6ns-pa, mdons- pa, blind; infatuated. Cf. I6n-ba. sdig fr 'Sf Idoh - mo, resp. ysol-ldon, a small churn, used for preparing tea, -gur- giir, v sub ja. Cf *don-dus* Ld. a stave; Idott-nis ? Idoh-ros Cs.: n. of a yellow earth, bole, ochre, used for staining the walls of houses; Idon-ros-sa Lt. gjgrq- ld<'>n-pa to give or pay back, to re- turn, = klon-pa, glon-pa, esp. with Ian, to answer Dzl. ldob-pa to apprehend quickly; to be witty, to be quick in repartee Cs.; Idobs-skyen Lex., explained by ses-sla-ba understanding readily? - Idom-pa? rag-ldvm-pa is stated to be = rag-lus-pa Ld. ldom-bu, less frq. Idum-bu, often preceded by ro-snyoms alms, con- sisting of food; Mom-bu byed-pa to ask such alms; ldom-sa alms-house, house where beggars receive food; ldom-bu-ba a person living on alms, a beggar, Mil., Pth. sddn-ba, pf. sdaiis, I. to be angry, wrathful, mi dgd-zih sddn-ste grow- ing angry, flying into a passion Dzl. ; gen. c. la: to hate, to be inimically disposed, frq.; sddn-bai dgra opp. to bydms-pai ynyen; sddn-bar sems-pai dgrd-bo id. Wdn.', Icyim- mfses-kyi dgrd-sdan-ba, or dgrd-bdo-ba the neighbour's grudge; sddh^-bai) sems, sddn- blo, most frq. ze-sddn, hatred, enmity, hosti- lity, ill-will; (cf. dug) sddfi - ba fams-cdd jig-pa to subdue all hostile powers; snar sddn-ba the former, the old hatred Mil; sdan-mig Lex. an angry look, a scowl. II. for yddh-ba. sddn-bu v. yddh-bu. '^J' sddd-pa v. sdod-pa. sddm-pa v. sddm-pa. sddr-ma trembling, timorous, timid Dzl., Zam. sdi-ba, pf. bsdis, v. sdig-pa. sdig \ . thick (?) ysits-pa sdig Mitg. 2. foundation 6', rgydg-pa to lay a foundation. j&W|"J* sdiy-pa sduy-pa |ycn-r sdiy-pa I. also sdig-pa rwd-can, col. *rd-tse*, scorpion, also as sign of the zodiac; sdiy-pa dkur-po, ndg-po; sdig-ncd, the sting of a scorpion ; sdiy-duy the poison of a scorpion; sdiy-fsdh a scor- pion's nest; sdiy-snn crab, crawfish, used both as food and medicine Med., but not as designation for the respective sign of the zodiac, v. sub fcyim; sdiy-srin-JbuLt. id.? II. (tm) sm 5 moral evil as a power, sdiy-pa-la yid-ces-pa Dzl. %&%, 11 to be- lieve in sin as such ; O j6ms-pa to conquer sin, as something hostile to man Dom., and so meton. = sinners , adversaries ; sometimes perh. for sinfulness, sinful state, but gen. in a concrete sense: offence, tres- pass, in thought, word, or deed, Ka-na- ma-fo-bai sdiy-pa, or nyes-pa prob. a grievous sin Dzl. ; also with a genit., ryydl- poi sdiy-pa sbyoh-ba to wash away, to expiate, the king's sin; also O ddy-pa, sel- ba, W. *cdd-ce*; O bydn-ba id., but more in an intransitive or passive sense; so also O ceys-pa (y say-pa, bsays-pa) to confess, as ace. to Buddhist views, confession is al- most tantamount to expiation of sin, cf. also O yyod-pa and bzod-pa; there seems to be, however, no word strictly corres- ponding to our 'forgiving' of sin; sdiy- (pat)-las a sinful deed; sdiy-pa-la dyd-ba to love sin, to be wicked; sdiy-(pai} grogs a companion in vice, an associate in crime Dzl. ; sdiy-pa byed-pa, spyod-pa, to commit Sin, to Sin; sdig-pa mi byed-pai yul a country where no sins are committed, a pious country; sdig-byed, sdiy- spy 6d im- pious, wicked; a wicked person, sdig-pa- rnams byds-pa id. (more accurately: noM.a tf/iajrctyxoig) Stg.; sdiy - can id. (sdiy -pa- can seems not to be in use) ; sdiy - syrib the filth, the contamination of sin, sdiy- syrib fams-cdd sel-ba to cleanse from every defilement of sin Glr. (which the Ommani- padniehuin is sufficient to do); sdiy-po a sinner, a bad character, sdiy-po ce a vile sinner Glr., Mil.', r dig -to -can, HTMfa, = sdig-can, but only as epithet of Dud; sdig- blon a wicked officer Glr. 293 pa, pf. bsdiys, fut. bsdiy, imp. sdigs, and sdi-ba, pf. bsdis, ft. 6s<//, 1. to Show, to point out, sdiys-mdzub a pointing finger, ... /a sdiys-mdzub ytdd- pa to point at ... (with scorn or derision) ; sdiys-mdzub ndm-mKa-la ytad pointing with the fingers toward heaven, yet not in a * menacing' (6s.) way. -- 2. to aim C., bsdi(g)s-sa the place that is aimed at, aim, butt; goal Thyy.', bsdis -pai pyogs-su in the direction of the aim Thyy. 3. to menace, to threaten, cdd-pas with punish- ment Mil. (nif.); *diy-ce pi-la* Ld. as an alarm-shot; O di-la bddy-yis ^iys-pa ziy-gis ma bsdigs-na if I do not threaten him with something frightful, if I do not strike him with fear, Dzl.; sdiys-mo byed-pa to assume a menacing attitude Mil., to threaten taunt- ingly Thyy. |^-^j. sdins a cavity or depression, spdn- sdihs a depression on a grassy plain, ri- sdins on a mountain-ridge; the signi- fications given by 6s., 'middle part, heart, core', were not known to our men of Tashi- lunpo. Itej-q- sdib-pa l.Sch. = Idib-pa. 2. Tar. 8,18 = rtib-pa. sduy-pa I. adj. pretty, nice, ltd-na to look at Dzl. ; *tsa-dhi-dug-pa* C. mint, Mentha, fidvoopov; gen. with reference to a person: what is agreeable, pleasing, dear, to a person Ssk.: ff^f, bddg-gi bu ndn-gi sdug-pa-la the most beloved of my sons Dzl.; nai bu sdug my dear son J't/i.: sduy-par O dzin-pa Dzl., sem-pa Dzl. frq., rtsi-baMil., to love, c. dat., gen. with regard to parental love; sdiiy-par ^yitr-ba to be- come dear to a person, to be endeared to, Dzl.; mi-sduy-pa not fair, ugly, disagreeable, of the body, of a country etc.; mi-sduy- pai tin-ne- dzin Tar. 10, 11 contemplating one's self and the world as a foul, putrid carcass (v. Tar. Transl. 285, foot of the page); mi-sduy-par byed-pa to disfigure, pollute, profane, a temple ZM; sdug - gu beautiful, pretty, handsome, bud-med sdiiy- gu fams-cad all pretty women Dzl. ; there is also a form for the fern, gender: 294 sdug-pa gu-ma Dzl. ; sdu -ge-ba Cs. : 'the state of being somewhat pleasing' (?); in a prayer occurs: bod-bans sdug-ge snyin-re-rje the good, poor Tibetans, just as in W. *sdug- pa-fse* is used ; often (but not necessarily) rather pityingly: Mo sdug-pa-fse the good man (will do his utmost) ; *ri-pa sdug-pa- fse* the good fieldmouse (speedily made off) ; but also : *sab dug-pa-fse a-lu zig ton* W. good sir, give me a few potatoes! II. vb. to be oppressed, afflicted, grieved, like ydun-ba, sems Ids-kyis sduy-nas by sorrow Mil.; *sem mdn-po mdn-po dug son* C. I was very, very sorry for it; ... pas sdiig-go we are miserable, because . . Dzl. ; sdug-par O gyur-ba to become unhappy, to get into distress Dzl. III. sbst, Ssk. 'Z'.Tg, affliction, misery, distress, bod sdug-pai mgo O dzugs that is the beginning of the misfortunes of Tibet Ma.; ned-la sdug-pai re-mos bab (then) came our turn of being visited by affliction Mil.] more frq. sdug , and sdug-bsndl (v. below) sdug-tu mi yon O dug-gam are you not in distress? Mil.; sdug Kur byed-pa to undergo hardships (voluntarily), to bear affliction (patiently), to suffer, in an em- phatical sense, Mil. ; sdug mi feg you cannot endure the hardships Mil.; *ka-dug mdn- po )he" - pa* C. to work hard , to drudge ; skyid-sdug good and adverse fortune, good luck and ill luck, very frq.; bde-sdug id.; sdug-sogs byed-pa (the contrary to fsogs- sogs byed-pa) to accumulate misery upon one's self Mil. ; *dug mdn-po tdn-wa* C. to plague or vex a good deal, to inflict injury, c. la] yzan-sdug-gi sdig-pa the sin of having done evil to others Mil.; *dug zo'-la tdn- wa* C. to torture, to put to the rack; sdug O bdb-pa to be in mourning Cs.; sdug srun- ba to mourn Cs. ; sdug - can col. fatiguing, worrying. sdug as adj., unhappy, miserable, Pth., is of rare occurrence. Comp. and deriv. sdug -Kan a chamber of mourning, a darkened room Cs. sdug- gos a mourning dress Cs. sdug-bsndl the most frq. word for misfortune, misery, suf- fering; also pain, sdug-bsndl-gyis yduns-pa Dzl., sdug-bsndl myon-ba (W. *fon-ce*) to be in calamity, to suffer pain; *dug-ndl tdn-wa, ter-wa* C. (*tdn-ce* W.), to inflict pain, to grieve, to torment; sdug-bsnal dan Iddn-pa, sdug-bsiidl-can unhappy, miserable; misery, distress, affliction ; *dug-ndl )ke'-pa* C. to lament, wail, moan; sdug-bsndl-du O gyur-ba to become sorrowful or melancholy; *nd-la nd-ga-ri ma ses-pe dug-ndl yod* Ld. I regret my not knowing Sanskrit; sdug- bsndl -ba (vb.) to be unhappy, (sbst.) the State -Of unhappiness, Thgy. ; sdug-bsndl-bai skad lamentable, doleful cries. sdug- mfug C. accumulating calamity. sdug- Q dre a demon Sch. *dug-po* C. wretched (road), savage (dog), ill-bred, naughty, unamiable; evil (sbst.), dug-po byed-pa to do evil Mil.] *mi-la dug-po tdn-wa* C. to do evil to a person, to molest, trouble, annoy, injure, a person. sdug-pons-pa Stg., C., poor. sdug-zwa a mourning-hood Cs. sdug- srdn inured to hardships; the being hardened Mil. yr- sdud 1. Sch.: the folds of a garment; ^> ' sdud-fca string for drawing together the opening of a bag, drawing-hem. 2. Cs. synthesis, Jbyed-sdud analysis and synthesis. jr w T sdud-pa, pf. bsdus, fut. and likewise ^> ' for the pres. tense) bsdu, imp. sdus, bsdu, vb.a. to O du-ba, I. to collect, gather, lay up, amass, assemble, riches, tlowers, broken victuals, taxes, crops, earnings, men, cattle etc., frq.; to put together, to compile, min-rnams . . . nas bsdus the names have been put together out of . . . Glr.] to brush or sweep together, W. : *Kyim-sa ol-mo-ne (or dan)* the dust with a broom; dbdn- du to subject, subdue, frq. 2 to unite, join, combine, sin ysum mgo three pieces of wood at their upper ends Dzl.; six king- doms into one Dzl. (to join) actions, words, and thoughts in the path of virtue Dzl.; dmdg- rnams Kor-du (joining) the troops with his retinue Dzl. ; Kyo-sug-tu to unite in matri- mony, to give in marriage. 3. to condense, to comprise, all moral precepts in three main points, the letters of the alphabet in five classes Gram.; esp. with nyun-nur, sdum-pa zur-tsam, to contract, compress, abridge, frq., deyaii bsdu-na if one shortens it still more, if it is abridged a second time Gratti.: *dus-k'an* W. brief, concise, compendious; *du-yig* C. abbreviation, abridgment; bsdus- O grel an abridged commentary Tar. 177,7; to close, conclude, finish, terminate, mjug sdud-pa to close a train, opp. to sna O dren- paMg.\ sldr-bsdu-ba concluding a sentence or period with the finite verb in o, Gram. 4. bsdus-pa to consist of or in, c.instrum., e.g. yi-ge drug-gis of six letters Thgy. 5. to boil down, to inspissate Lt., bsdus-Ku, ydus-Ku, a preparation thus obtained Med. ; bsdus-fdn prob. id. Med. 6. scil. bsod- nams: bsdu-ba mam bzi the four ways of collecting merit Glr. 7. dbugs sdud-pa Med.? bsdu-ba sbst. collection, gathering Tar. 33, 16. bsdus-yzom or )om Schr. : a machine for executing criminals con- structed in such a manner, that the head is crushed by two stones striking together; Stg.: n. of one of the hells sdum-pa 1. vb. , pf. bsdums, fut. bsdum, imp. sdum(s), vb.a. to O diim- j(. to make agree, to bring to an agreement, mi-mfun-pa-rnams things not agreeing Sch., to reconcile, to conciliate, mi-mdzd- ba-rnams enemies Thgy.\ sdum-par byed- pa id. ; sdum-byed (resp. mdzad\ sdum{-pa)- po, sdum-mKan, conciliator, pacifier, peace- maker; res Jlntgs-pa res bsdum-pa mdn-du byun-no at one time they were at odds, at another they were at peace with one another Tar. 2. sbst. house, mansion C.; yzim-sdum (resp.) bed-room ; sdum-ra garden near the house, cf. Idum-ra. sdur-ba, pf. and fut. bsdur, to com- pare, go-sdur byed-pa id., v. go 2; nyams sdur byed-pa C. to compare different texts; *tam-dur* W. judicial examination, trial. sdur - len, sdur - blan, amber Ts., for sbur-len. ^' sde (Ssk. in compound words %n) part, ^ portion, of a whole, e.g. of a country, also yul-sde, province, district, territory, even village C'., bon-sde the places or villages of 295 the Bonpas Glr.; sde-cen-la snyeg-pa to aim at an extension of territory Dom. ; part of the human race: nation, people, tribe, clan, community, pd-rol-gyi sde J6ms-pa to conquer hostile nations; class, e.g. of letters: phonetical class; sde sder bgo-ba to divide into classes Cs. ; classes of books : mdo - sde the Sutras, v. sub mdo; rgyud- sde the Tantras, v. sub ryyud; sbyar-sde bzi the four volumes treating of pharmacy Glr.; of monks: community of monks, body of conventuals (consisting of not less than four persons); hence convent, monastery, sde btsugs he founded convents Glr. cos- sde id. ; class of religious followers, philo- sophical school, sde bzi the four (principal) schools Tar.; lha srin-gyi sde togyad, Ilia, klii-la sogs-yai sde brgyad the eight classes of spirits, frq.; it is also used for a great quantity, great many, lots of; and by im- proper use, or by way of abbreviation for sde-pa, sde-dpon, commander, ruler. Comp. and deriv. sde-skor Glr. district - sde-Krugs insurrection, general revolt of a people, byed - pa to excite one Ma. sde-snod ysum, f^fMA<*>, 'the three baskets', viz. the three classes of the sacred Bud- dhist writings, O dul-bai (discipline), mdo- sdei (Sutras), sndgs-kyi sde-snod (Mantras, i.e. metaphysics and mysticism), hence sde- snod-lasbydn-ba to study the sacred writings Mil. sde-pa 1. the chief or governor of a district 6'., = O gd-pa W., majordomo of the Dalai Lama, Kopp.il., 134; in a general sense: a man of quality, a nobleman Ma. 2. a letter of a certain phonetic class, or the phonetic class itself, sde-pa bzi -pa the fourth phonetic class, the labials Gram. So the word is also used for denoting a certain class or school of Buddhist philo- sophers, Tar., frq. sde-dpon = sde-pa 1, signifies also a class of demons Dom. sde-fsdn class, e.g. phonetic class, = scfe; a particular kind of writing, nd-ga-^n sde- fsdn Glr.', sde-yzdr Sch. lawlessness, anarchy, sde-yzdr cen-po general anarchy (V) - sde-yans (spelling?) court, court-yard, = fyams. sde - rigs dominion , territory, 296 sde-ba * sdod-pa Glr. sde-srid 1. province, kingdom 6s. 2. regent, administrator, in more recent times title of the sde-pa of the Dalai Lama, and the rulers of Bhotan. Kopp. II., 154. j'>n' sde-ba(?) W. *l'-ra de-ce med* there ^ is here no room any more. fq. sdeb (? debs) time, times, = Ian W., ^ e.g. four times. jq-rj- sdeb-pa, pf. bsdebs, fut. bsdeb, imp. sdebs, 1. to mingle, mix, blend (pyogs) ycig-tu together, Lex., cf. sbyir-ba. 2. to join, unite, combine, drds-su sdeb-pa Mil, by the context: sewed well together, - but drds-su? Gen. vb.n.: to join, to unite, dan with, also la, sems mig dan bsdebs- nas Ita, md-ba dan bsdebs -nas nyan Mil. the soul sees by joining the eye, it hears by joining the ear; to join company, to associate, to hold intercourse with, Mil. ; also to have sexual intercourse Pth., cf. O dre- ba, O grogs-pa, dzom-pa. 3. to prepare, dress, get ready (victuals) Sch., cf. sbyor- ba. 4. to exchange, barter, truck for, *bdg- pe dds-la* W. flour for rice; in this sense prob. also used by Mil; to change, money, *nul deb sal* please change me a rupee (not so in 6'.). 5. to make poetry, to compose verses, at the end of poems: zes- pa . . . kyis sdeb-pao the above verses have been composed by . . .; = sbyw-ba. : sdeb-sbyor 1. composition, esp. poetical, poetry, 2. yi-gei sdeb- sby&r orthography Schr., Cs., Sch. ' sder-ma, resp. ysol-sder, dish, platter, plate, saucer; sder-gdn a plateful, a dish (of meat etc.), esp. 6'. kv3n s^C-^ ) claw, talon, sder-kyu Sch. id. ; sder - mo rno a sharp claw; sder-can furnished with claws, sder- med without claws; sder- dzin byed-pa to seize with the claws 6's.; stag(-gi}-sder a tiger's claw Lt. ; sder-cdgs animals provided with claws Mil. sdo-fcdm Sch. belonging together, a pair(?). 3fq- sdo-ba, pf. (b)sdos, fut. bs do, imp. ^ sdos (also do-ba q. v.) 1 . to risk, hazard, venture, gen.c. dan, also c.dat. or accus., bddy-gi lus one's own body Dom. ; lus srog dan frq., lus dan srog-la Dzl 2. to bear up against, sdug-bsnal, nyon-mdns-pa dan, against heavy trials, against toil and drudgery Dzl. ; to bid defiance , to an enemy Dzl, also to behave with insolence, contemptuously Dzl. 3. lag-pas Dzl. ??,6(?). sdon-po (C. vulg. *dum-po* 1. trunk. stem, body of a tree Glr. 2. stalk, of a plant, pddmai of a lotus; sdon-po fcoii-ston a hollow stalk Wdn. ; sdon-poi sde the class of stalked plants 6s. 3. tree, also sin-sdot'i(-po) frq. ; sin-sdotl rkan-ycig a tree of a single stem Glr.; sin-sdon Kon-rul a tree rotten at the core; col. fig. barren, of females, prob. jestingly. 4. block, log. Comp. 6s. : sdar-sdott trunk of a walnut- tree, sug-sdon stem of a juniper-tree; fsil- sdcrii a tallow-candle; Ryags-sdoii an icicle. mcod-sdon (Sch. = mead - rten) , in a botanical work it was explained by 'wick', = sdon - rds, which seems to be more to the purpose, as a blossom is compared with it. sdon-rkdn v. sdon-^t'ds. sdon- dum stump of a tree, sddn-dum fsig-pa the burnt stump of a tree 6s. sddh-bu Cs. \. a small trunk. 2. stalk. 3. wick. sdon- rds, sdon-sm, sdon-rkdn C. a wick of cotton, of wood, of pith; cotton wicks are used esp. for sacred lamps. sdoii-ba, sdons-pa (Sch. also rdons-pd) pf. bsdons, fut. bsdon, to unite, to join (in undertakings), to enter into a confederacy, to associate one's self with, c. dan (also accus.?); Kyod dan na sdon-ste O gro you and I, we will go together; sdons-zla prob. = zla-grogs. r'r sddd-pa, pf. and fut. bsdad, resp. bzes-pa, W. *ddd-ce\ 1. to sit, frq., *sil-la dod* W. sit down in the shade! ddl- bar sdod-pa to sit still Lt. 2. to stay, to tarry, to abide, fog -mar der bsdad for the present I will stay here yet a little longer Mil ; nydl-nas bsdad- dug-pa to lie down and to continue lying Mil; *do-du jug-pa* to receive hospitably, *mi ^jug- pa* to deny reception, to send awayC.; to stop, to halt, in running, walking Dzl ; 297 to wait, re zig ma bsdd-par sdod-cig wait a little yet before beginning to kill Dzl.; skdd-cig kyan sdod-pai Ion med-par without waiting even for a moment Glr.; Ld.: *ltos- te ddd-ce* to wait and see whether etc. ; *sdm-te ddd-ce* to wait for, hope for, to look forward to, *gug-te ddd-ce* id.; mdo- sde O di O fso-zih sd6d-na as long as the au- thority of this book is acknowledged Dom.; *zag dan kyir-kyir dad dug* W. (this thing) always remains round (crooked), it will not get straight. 3. to be at home, *de' 3/0'* he is at home, *de > me 1 * he is not at home 6'.; to live, reside, settle at B. and col.; bka-sdod Lex., C.: i. attendant, waiting servant, 2. aid-de camp. jj- sdom 1. Lex. and C. spider. 2. sum- mary, contents, spit sdom J. table of contents, index S.g. 2. general introductory remarks, introduction, also sdom-fsig; sdom- la summarily, to be brief, in short. sdom-pa I. vb., pf. bsdams, bsdoms, fut. bsdam, bsdom, imp. sdom(s), W. *ddm-ce* 1. to bind, Icags-sgrog-gis to fetter Cs.; to bind or tie fast, to pinion; to bind up, to dress, wounds. 2. to fasten, to fix firmly, e.g. by a screw- vice; tiro-cits by melted metal, i.e. to solder; so, to press, grind, or strike the teeth together, to gnash, as in anger Pth.; to fasten securely, the door Dzl, Pth. ; rtsd-Ka to close an opened veinJl/erf.; hence in general, 3. to stanch, Stop, to cause to cease, rtsa-K.rdg sdr-ba the bloody flux Med.; to bind, constrain, render harmless, to neutralize, nyes-pa an evil Lex., Sch. 4 W. */ldb-sa dam dug* the shoe pinches. 5. to make morally firm, to con- firm, spyod-pa, one's conduct, to conform it strictly to the moral law. 6. with or without bdag-nyid, to bind one's self, to engage Cs. 7. to add together, to cast or sum up, rgyud bzi bsdoms-pas leu ?V^ all the four Gyud together have 154 chapters; yons-su bsdus-pa-la taking all together Tar. II. sbst.^^; obligation, engagement,duty, sdom-pa len-pa Glr., O dzin-pa Cs., to enter into an engagement, to bind one's self to perform a certain duty, mi-la O b6gs-j>a to bind a person by duty, by oath, to swear in Glr. (e.g. in convents, in the relations of priests and laymen) ; srun-ba to be true to one's duty, to keep one's engagements; O cor a duty is violated Glr.', t'td-la sdom-pa med I have renounced my vow Glr. sdom- pa ysum, ace. to Glr. and other more recent authors, are: so-far (v. so-so), byaii-sems, and ysan-sndgs-kyi sdom-pa. Comp. sdom - ltd >i(?) neck -bell, bell at- tached to the neck of cattle. sdom-byed 1 one that binds, by duty etc. 2. an astringent medicine Cs. sdom-yzer rivet of a pair of scissors or tongs Sch. sddm-bu Sch.: a ball; a round tassel. f^- |. sdor, rdor 1. (like oi/'ov) that ' which gives relish to food, sea- soning, condiment, esp. fug-sdor that which gives substance to soup, viz. meat; fsa-sddr salt and meat. 2. spice, sdor-gyi rkydl- pa spice-bag S.g.; sdor-fdl spice -powder Sch. qx- brda (^571) sign, i.e. 1. gesture, cdgs- ' pa O dod-pai brda man - du bstdn - nas making many wanton gestures (or giving hints, intimations v. 2), lag-brda signs with the hand, sans-rgyds la ysol-cig ces Idg-brda byas they beckoned to him to ask Buddha Dzl.; *mig-da tdn-ce* W. to give a hint with the eye, to wink. 2. indication, in- timation, symptom, token, mi-rtdg O gyur-bai brdao it is an indication of their frail con- dition Thgy.; symbol Pth., brdar as a symbol, symbolically ; de gan yin O dri-bai brda stdn- pa to ask for a thing by symbolic signs, in symbolic language Glr.; brda sprod-pa, Q prod-pa, sbyor-ba, O grol-ba to explain, de- scribe, represent, with accus., and prob. also with genit. : yin-lugs-kyi brda O grol-ba Mil. to explain the essence or nature of things (ni f.) ; meton. dei brda ci lags what may be the symbolical meaning of it Mil. - 3. word, Jb6d-pai brda interjection Lis.; O did-bai brda word out of the Dulwa Zam.; dris-pai brda-rnyih an obsolete word for "being asked', Lex.; brda - sgyur - pa Sch. interpreter, dragoman Sc/i.; bnli bld-ma is 298 brda stated to be a Lama who instructs by word of mouth Mil.; esp. with regard to the spell- ing of words: trrda yah mi O dra sna-tsogs gyur there came also into use various spell- ings Zam. ; brda - rnyin old orthography, brda-ysdr new orthography Zam. ; bod-kyi brdai bstan-bcos title of the Zamatog ; fsiy- brda = fsig, fsig-brda-yis O grol-ba to explain by words Mil. Comp. brdd-skad language by symbolical signs Mil.; prob. also nothing but the usual language by words Glr. brda-cdd (prob. for O cad, from O cdd-pa II.), me-loii-gi brda- cdd the language or evidence of the mirror; so prob. also Tar. 210, 22. brda-sprod, brda-sbyor \. explanation, min-dnn brda- sprod explanation of the import of names, title of a small Materia Medica by a cer- tain \Vairocana. '2 .orthography Gram., Pth. __,_,.. brda - Ion Mil. is said to be = fsig- lan, verbal answer. brda-lags 'insignis', ace. to Cs. in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. V. 384. brdid-ba 1. Lea: w.e. ; Sch. to de- ceive, to cheat. 2. Sch. to swing, brandish, flourish, yydb-mo a fly-flap. brd 9-^s-pa to slip, to slide, to lose one's footing. bsddr-ba, Sch.: mdun-du bsddr-ba to hope, to expect or wait for a favour. In Dzl. 9%L-> 18 the better reading (accordant with the manuscript of Kyelang) is sdur ( sdu-bar"). bsdogs-pa-, the Lexx. add : grabs, Cs. to compose, prepare, make ready, nyer bsdogs-pa id.; sna-fdg bsdogs- pa to wind the rope, which is fastened in the nose of an ox or a camel, round the horns or the neck of the animal. 3^ na 1. the letter n. 2. num. figure: 12. y- na meadow, C. also nd-ma; nar skye it ' grows on meadows, Wdn. and elsewh. (cf. neu). r' na I. sbst. 1. year(?) v. nd-nin. 2. stage ' Of life, age, also na-fsod, and net-so, resp. sku-nd (also sku-nds T) ; na-fsod rgds - pas Wdn. old, of an advanced age ; nd-so yzon- te Glr. young; sku-nds pr a -mo Mil. of a tender age ; na-fsod-kyi dbye - ba the dif- ferent ages or stages of life; (sku-} ndr- son-pa (Sch. grown old ?) Glr. : of full age, adult, grown up; *nd-so-tsir-ld* W. accord- ing to age ; na - cun girl, maiden, virgin, na - cun bzdn - mo bcu ten beautiful girls Dzl. ; na-mnydm, - O drd, -zld, neu-lddh, Lex. of the same age, coetaneous; *nd-da-tom- mo* C. a festivity given by wealthy parents on their son's birthday to him and his play- mates, also *lo-da-tgm-mo*: na-prd young, tender; na-yzon = yzon - nu. II. postp. c. accus., signifying the place where a thing is, 1. added to substantives, in, (more ac- curately ndn-na c. genit.), sometimes also to be rendered by on, at, with, to etc. mdd- na in scripture, lo-rgyus-na in a book of history Glr.; de-na there, in that place; of time: dus-ycig-na at the same time, dei fse-na at tha f , time, then etc. 2. added to verbs, either to the inf., or- more frq. (col. always) to the verbal root: in, at, during (the doing or happening of a thing), hence a. when, at the time of, bos-na when I called Dzl., zer-ba-na when he said Tar.; bddg-gi pa fse pos-na when my father shall have died Dzl.; with nam: nam diis-la bdb- na ( W. *dus leb-na*) when the time conies, 299 na-bun frq. ; nam O gr6-na when I (you etc.) go, was going, shall go. b. If, in case, sup- posing that (fia'*)> tne different degrees of possibility, however, cannot be so precisely expressed by the mood in Tibetan, as in other languages; with or without a preced- ing gdl-te, ci-ste etc. (cf. the remarks sub gan II.) ; . . . ma mfon na . . . mi rtdgs-par dug if we had not seen . . ., we should not have known . . . Mil. ; but in most cases also the vb., to which it is subordinate, is put in the gerund: O di byds-na brdm-ze ma yin- pas as I should be no longer a Brahmin, if I were to do that Dzl. ; further : if even . . ., how much the more . . .! in asseverations: if . . ., then indeed may . . .! then I would that . . . ! it is well, that . . ., it will be well, if . . ., na legs-so frq.; if legs -so is ellipti- cally omitted, na answers to: that! would that! also: I will; in an interrogative sen- tence, viz. 'legs-sam' being omitted, to: must I? Shall I? Mil.: cos byds-na snyam (when we are with you) we think, we will be pious! jig-rten byds-na snyam (when we have come home) we think, let us take care of temporal things! ci drdg-na (better ci byds-na drag) what shall we consider the most advantageous? c. of a more general signification: as, since, whilst, by (with the partic. pres.), = te or pas Dzl. frq., dug zos-na yah even by eating poi- sonous things (he was not hurt) ^^, 3; na is used thus, however, only in con- junction with yan, and dug zos-na yah is the more popular phrase for dug zos kyan In careless speaking or writing na is also used for ce-na Thgy. frq. 3 pleon. added to the termination of the instr. of substan tives and verbs: rgyu des-na for that reason, therefore, cii rgyus-na for what reason, why, wherefore Sty.; de-bas-na hence, thus, so then, accordingly, very frq.; kur-bas-na because they carried Glr.; also added to the termination of the termin. : ji-ltar-na frq. ; ycig-tu-na, ynyis - su - na, in the first place, firstly etc. Dzl; sldd-du-na Dzl.; rgya-gdr skdd-du-na Thgy. 4. incorr. for nas, col. frq. ; its being used for the termin. is very questionable, and the rare instances of this use in books may be regarded as errors in writing (e.g. Dzl. '4&Q, 17 ndn- na son inst. ofnan-du), whereas the con- trary, du for na, occurs frq., and is to be considered as sanctioned. III. conj. and, Bal (?) - IV. v. nd-Ka, nd-ba nd-Ka, = span, greensward, turf. na-ga, Ssk. for klu. ' nci-ga-ri Sanskrit, Sanskrit-letters. a. na-gi Sch. 1. being ill(?). 2. the claws 1 of a sea-monster (?). na-ge-sar Lt. = Hindi, for *frai%- ^TT, Mesua ferrea. <3\'Q>EQ.* na ~<J a W. mock -suns and similar phenomena, v. na-bun. nd-nin (6s.: 'for na-myin) the last year; gen. adv. last year; nd-nih-gi adj. of last year or last year's (crop). j-q- nd-ba 1. to be ill, sick; inf. also the state of being ill, illness, sickness, nd- ba yso - ba to cure it Lt., though nad is more in use; partic.: a sick person, patient, nd-ba dan O ci-ba disease and death; skye rga na O ci v. skye-ba I., rgds-pa dan nd-ba old and sick people ; mi-nd-ba ynds-pa to remain in health S.g. ; nd-ba-pa, nd-ba-ma Cs. a sick person, an invalid (male and female); nd-mo a female patient Mil.\ nd- ba-ml>'an a sickly person, an invalid Cs.; nd-ba-can sickly, na-ba-med healthy 6s.; na - fog after falling ill Sch. 2. of the separate parts of the body: to ache, rnd- ba (not -bai} nd-ba pain in the ear, ear- ache ; lus fams - cad na (my) whole body aches Dom.\ so nd-na having the tooth- ache; ndn-na na it aches, when pressed (with the fingers) S.g.; kldd-pa nd-ba-la (good) for the headache, for diseases of the brain; na- preit complication of diseases or fits Sch. ; na-(ba dan)zug(-riiu), na-fsd disease and pain _.__. na-bun fog, thick mist, fibs, Jcyims ^ ^ ' comes on ; byin - rlabs - kyi prob. a cloud, a flood, of blessing Mil 300 ndgs(-ma} nd-ma \.\.na I. 2. also nd-mo( praise, glory, adoration, na-mo gu-m praise to the teacher! ... nd-ma Ssk. = zes byd-ba SO called, frq. n^ in titles of books. nd-bza (*nd - za*, vulg. *ndb - za, ndm - za*} resp. for gos, garment, dress, frq.; ysol-ba to put it on. na-un obs. or vulg. for na-bun, old edition of Mil. na-rag, Ssk. fT*R5 bell. na-rdm medicinal herb, Med.; in Lh. Polygon, viviparum. W na-ri-ke-la Ssk. COCOa-nut. ^ <3TX' nd-re, by form and position an adv., like O di-skad-du; before words or sen- tences that are quoted literally, mostly fol- lowed by smrds-nas, zer - ba - la , but not always, in which latter case it stands for 'he says, he said' etc., the noun being always put in the nom. case, never in the instr.: O pags-pa na-re the Reverend said; rarely in accessory sentences: gdl-te yzdn-dag nd- re (not nd-re-na) si forte alii dixerint Wd/i. ; even without gdl-te in the same sense Thgy. It hardly occurs in old classical literature, nor in the col. language of W., but pretty frq. in later literature. In Kun., however, there exists a vb. nd - cas (*nd - cd*), pf. nas (*na*), imp. nos (*wo*) which is used for zer-ba (not in use there), and is con- strued with the instr. : a-pa-su nd son the father has said. r'jrt nd- \ nd-ro the sign for the vowel o, -^. -ro n. of a holy Lama Mil. ; nd-ro- , pa Tar. 1 8 1 , 1 id. ? nd-roi sems- dzm- gyi Icags-fdg a sort of puzzle. na ~landa Pth. na-kn-dra Wdk., n. of a monastery in Magadha. (T'pr na - H bowl, basin, an iron or china dish W. (T'^Vnqr na-le-sag Lt., sal S.g., = si-kru 1 Wdn. (fijlf ?) n. of an acrid me- dicine. gnr na 9 (blackness?) crime, offence, trans- gression, v. ndg-pa comp.; nag-ku-be- ra v. ku-be-ra. ndg-pa, gen. ndg-po, black, ber pyi ndg-pa nat't dkdr- ba a garment outside black, inside white Glr.; *ndg-po ma ku* do not blacken it, do not soil it! of the countenance dark, frowning, gloomy, mournful Glr.\ mi nag (-po or-pa) a black one, a layman, (on account of his not being clad in a red or yellow clerical garb) ; ndg-po n. p. Krishna Tar., ndg-po cen -po = *j^|ehH Siwa; nag -mo 1. a black woman, 2. Kali, Uma; ndg-moi- O bans or Kol Kalidasa, 3. woman, in ge- neral Sch. nag- yros, ndg-po O gro - ses 'easy to be understood' Sch.; ace. to our Lama from Tashilunpo ndg-po O gro- bser implies : illustrating a sentence by compar- ing it with similar passages; nay-can i.a person guilty of a crime Sch.] mi ndg-can dori-nas far -pa a criminal released from prison Mil. 2. a married man Sch. nag- cdgs black-cattle, horned cattle Sch.; v. also yndg-pa. ndg-cu n. of a river north of Lhasa, Hue II, 238; ndg-ai-Jca-pa people living on its banks, notorious for their thievish propensities. nag-cen, nag-nyes C. a heinous crime. nag-fum, nag-fom, Sch., nay-siii-ba Thgy., nag-hur-re Sch., coal- black, jet-black. nag -nog (-can) dirty, dingy; not clear, as bad print; fig. stained, polluted, with sin, guilt, sems. nay-pyogs v. pyogs. nag(-ma)-fsur a black mineral colour, Sch : green vitriol (?). nag-tsig a point, dot, W. nag-zug(?) darkness, nag- zug-la snom-bzin son, he groped about in the dark. ndg-sa Sch.: linden -tree, lime-tree (hardly to be found in Tibet; the word perhaps introduced from Mongol dic- tionaries). ndgs (~ ma Glr -) R > C -> W '' forest ' rtsi-sifi-nags-kyis mdzes beauti- fied by forests, richly wooded Glr.; O fug- po dense forest ; nays-tfrnd a thicket Glr. ; nags-can woody, covered with forests ; nays- Ijons woodland country, a well- wooded pro- vince ; nags-sbdl Lt. tree-frog (?) ; nags-fsdl = nags, nydm-iia-ba a dreadful forest Dzl. ; yid-du-^oh-ba a lovely wood Sambh. ; nags- (f)seb an intersected forest, v. (f)seb. 301 __. nan I. the space within a thing, 1. the interior, the inside, pug-pai nan kun the whole interior of the cavern Mil. ; yzoft- pai, don-gi nan the interior of a basin, of a pit (e.g. being filled up) Dzl.\ Kdn-pai nan pyag-ddr byed-pa to sweep the inside of a house Dzl. 2. space, room, apart- ment, chamber col. 3. dwelling, domicile, house, esp. C. 4. meton inmates, family, household, '''nan fsan* W. the whole family. 5. the interior (spiritually), heart, mind, soul, ye-ses ndn-na sar wisdom begins to shine in the mind; zen- dzin nan-nas O grol affection, interest, disappears from the heart Gfr, g. sometimes adv. for ndn-na. II. ndn-gi, genit., used 1. as an adj.: inner, inward, esoteric (opp. to pyii), ndn- gi h'rims, nan - Krims, a private law, an esoteric precept or doctrine not intended for the public; *ge-dun-gyl ndfi-fim dhan O gal fse* C. if priests violate their special moral duties, (very different from ndfi-pai k'rims the Buddhist law, merely opp. to Brahmanism); nan - gi sbyin -pa inward offerings, i.e. spiritual sacrifices, opp. to outward and material offerings; but Dzl. 2&, 4 it denotes personal sacrifices, the surrendering of parts of our own self, e.g. a member of the body, opp. to outward property; the meaning also reminds of Rom. 12,1, and I Pet. 2,5. ndn-gi byd-ba internal affairs Glr.; v. also the compounds. - 2. for ndn - na among, amidst, frq. c. accus. : bu ndn-gi fa cun, pug-ron ndh-gi cun-nu Dzl. the smallest among etc.; for de-dag-gi ndn-na of it, of them, among them etc. : ndn-gi cun-nu the least of them Dzl.; ndn-gi Ihd-mo snd-ma the foremost among the goddesses; sometimes more pleon., with- out distinct reference to a preceding noun, Dzl ?ZAS, 18; 7%&, 16 (where Sch. prob. translates incorr.). III. with la, na, du, nas; 1. as sbst., ace. to the significations given above, e.g. ndd-pai ndn-du ^jug-pa to go into the room of a sick person Wdn.; dei ndn-du ydan- drdns-te inviting into their house Mil. - 2. as adv. ndn-na in it, therein, within, among it or them; ndn-du and nah-la there- into, into it; ndn -nas out, thereout, from among; among it or them = ndn - na. 3. postp : in, into, among etc., e.g. rdzih- gi ndn-na Jcrus byed-pa Dzl. to bathe in a pond, cui ndn-du zugs-pa to go into the water; gron-k'yer dei nan dan pyi-rol-na in the town and out of it Dzl. ; *sem-mi ndn- na zer-pa* W. he said to himself; snai ndh- nas byun it came out of his nose (again) Dzl; mii ndn-na(s) bzdn-po zig one very beautiful among men Dzl; glin de-rnams- kyi ndn-na(s] mcog-tu gyur-pa the most important among or of these countries Glr. (here at least the sing, is as frq. als the plur.); in col. language the word is much used, though often inaccurately; so it is frq. employed, where the later literature has ndn-la, ndn-nas; *wdh-gi ndn-na* by force ; *so-mf > ndn-na zer gos* W. that should have been mentioned, when it was fresh (in remembrance); *lo ton-ni ndn-na fsd- pig ma fsar* not yet quite in a thousand years, i.e. it is not full a thousand years W. There is still to be noticed: nan nan-mo. nah-med-la col. frq. suddenly; in B. of rare occurrence ; nan-med norrnyed- pa to become rich unexpectedly S.g. Comp. and deriv. nah-tyog Sch.: having legs bending inward, bandy-legged. nan- skdr v. sk6r-ba extr. nan-Krims v. above. nan -fool, vulgo -rol, bowels, entrails, intestines; also any separate part of them; nah-Krol dro/i-ba spasmodic contractions of the bowels Sch.', nan-Krol-bzag seems in Lexx. to be taken synon. with mnyam- bzag. nan-gog v. fer. *nah-gyog* W. a large bolt, door -bar. ndn-ca = nan- tfrol. nan-cags-su in one's self, in one's own mind Sch. ndn-rjc minister of the interior, home - minister Sch. -- ndn-lta Glr 89, 11? nan-fab byed-pa to be in- volved in intestine war l*th., = nan- Kriigs. - nan -dag \. Sch. 'the interior being cleansed 1 . 2. col. (or nan-brtags?) v. snail. - ndn- don the intrinsic meaning, the true sense, ndh-don rtog-pa to investigate, to study, the real meaning; * ''nan-don tog-Ken^ 302 nan-mcod or gho - Ken* C., *ndn-don-can (or -yod- Karif W. most learned, very erudite; ace. to 6s. more particularly the mystical sense of religious writings, a higher degree of theology, as it were ; nan - don - gyi rab- Jbydms -pa a, Doctor of Divinity Cs. nan-ndn-gi, nan-nan -nas = nah-gi, nan- nas among. ndii-pa Buddhist, opp. to pyi-pa, Non-Buddhist, Brahmanist; ndn- pai Ita-ba, bstdn-pa, cos, ston-pa, cd-lugs, the theory etc. of the Buddhists. nan- po an intimate, a bosom-friend Sch. nan-mi members of a household, inmates (nif) Dom. ndn-mig room, apartment, C., W. *nan-ydns* W. wide, spacious, roomy. nan-rol nan-Krol ndn-sa lining, *ndn-sa tdn-wa* to cover on the inside, to line, *ndii-sa-cen* C. lined. - nan-sel dissension, discrepancy. nah-yses. reciprocal, mutual Wdn. frq. . nan-mcod a sort of potion (thin pap?) consisting of the 'ten im- purities', viz. five kinds of flesh (also human flesh), excrements, urine, blood, marrow, and 'byan-sems dkdr-po' (?), all mixed to- gether, transsubstantiated by charms, and changed into bdud-rtsi or nectar, a small quantity of which is tasted by the devo- tees, with the Lama at their head. This delicious drink is considered of great im- portance by the mystics, who seek to obtain spiritual gifts by witchcraft (cf. mdo extr.); hence every offering is sprinkled with this potion. xr'fvx^ (ndn-ltar) *ndh-tar* W., 61, *ndn- zin* C. col. for bzin-du, Itar, ac- cording to, in conformity with, like, as, c. genit. or accus., bka nan-tar, bkai nan-tar. e i r esp. for me fire W. (sndn- mef). nan - mo ( ma Pth.?) the morning; in the morning; nan -mo ycig bzin-du every morning Pth.\ nan re id.; nan re dgons re every morning and evening; da- ndn this morning; da-nan ni gdn-nas byon where do you come from to-day? Mil.; da-ndn-gi fso-ba this day's breakfast Mil. ; nan-nub in the morning and in the even- <3C'3T ing; nan -nub nyi-pyed ysum-la in the morning, in the evening, and at noon. nan-par 1. in the morning, nan-par snar early in the morning Dzl. 2. the morning, esp the following morning , ndii - par - kyt skdl-ba the allowance, the ration for the following morning Glr. nans W. (?) nan - cun yod that is a mere trifle, not worth while, cf. mnog. nans-par 6's., *ndn-la* W., the day after to-morrow, B. ynan. --- nad disease, distemper, malady, sickness, ' cf. nd-ba\ (the Tibetan science of me- dicine distinguishes 404 kinds of diseases); mi - nad pyugs - nad diseases among men and animals Glr. ; nad yso - ba to cure a disease, nad O fso-ba, nad sos-par, or zi- bar, or dan brdl-bar O gyur-ba to be cured of a disease, to get well, to recover; ndd- kyis O debs-pa, O febs-pa, to be attacked by a disease, to be taken ill B. ; C. more frq. : *ne'-kyi gydb-pa, zir-wa*, W.: *nd-la nad yon(s)*; ndd-kyi rgyu, and rkyen, v. rkyen 1 and 2. Comp. nad - rkydl Wdk. emblem of a deity (meaning not clear). nad -Kan hospital Cs. ndd -go seat of a disease Sch. ndd- can ill, sick (little used). ndd-pa\. a sick person, male or female. 2. adj. ill, sick, sems-can ndd-pa-dag 8. 0. = ndd-po and ndd-bu = nad 6s., *ndd- bu-can* W., weak in health, sickly, poorly. - nad-med healthy, hale, in health, (the usual word); nad-med-par gyiir-cig may you recover your health, may you remain in good health, all hail to you ! 6s. ndd- med-pa health, ndd-med-pa fob-pa, rnyed- pa to get well, to recover one's health; ndd-med-pa O gyiir-ba declining health Thgy. nad fsul the character of a disease S.g. wad-/z'seat, primary cause of a disease(?) Lt. nad-yyog one attending to sick persons, a nurse ; nad-yyog byed-pa W. *co- ce*, to nurse. - nan the act of pressing, urging; pressure, ' urgency, importunity, K6n-rnams-kyi nan ma fegs-par not being able to resist their importunity Mil. ; ndn-gyis with urgency, 303 ndn-te pressingly, e.g. zu-ba to request, to solicit Glr.\ ndn-gyis zar ^jug-pa to urge, to compel (a person) to eat Dzl.; ndn-gyis skor-ba to press, to crowd, round Dzl. ; ndn-gyis O gug-pa to make a person come near by calling to him Mil. ; nan - cdgs 1. sbst. certainty, surety, *da nan-cdg fob son* W. now I have certainty, now 1 know for sure; nan-cags O fems? Zam. 2. adv. certainly, surely W., C.; adj. !! Ion nan-cdg* W. certain news. nan-tan l.sbst. earnest desire, application, exertion Cs.; tyaii- cub- la nan-tan byed-pa to strive earnestly for perfection Dzl. ; ndn-tan-du byed-pa Thgy. ; in cos-kyi nan-tan ysuns Pth. 'kyi is perh. to be cancelled. 2. adv. C : certainly, po- sitively, *ne nen-ten lab -pa, ntn-cdg zer- pa* , I have told him so definitively, as my unalterable decision; W.: earnestly, ar- dently, accurately, *ndn-tan zib-ca Itos* look at it, examine it, accurately! *ndn- tan cos* do it well, most carefully! *ndn- tan srdg-ce* to burn entirely. nan-tar very , nan - tar bzan Lex. ; very much, all the more, altogether Mil ; nan-tur, of rare occurrence, = nan-tan. non-pa, fndn- pa are cog. to nan. XX-C' ndn-te 1. Ts. for nd-ba sick, ill. ' 2. W. *cu ndn-te kyoh*, for ran-te, O dren-te, conduct the water this way! dv3T(cfTT na n-zag W. late, recent, what has happened a few weeks or months ago. nabs put on (your clothes)! Sch., v. mndb-pa. ndbs-so one of the lunar mansions, v. rgyu-skdr \S. yyr nam I. sbst. 1. night, nam lans-te, or -was, when night departs, at day-break, frq.; nam-gdn Sch.: the last day of the lunar month on which there is no moon- shine at all; nam-gun midnight, ndm-gyi gun-fun-la in the hour of midnight Dom.; nam-stod the first half of the night, nam- smdd the second half of the night; ndm- gyi ca stod, smad, id. nam-pyed mid- night DzL, Glr.; nam-zoh(?) Sch. in the morning; nam-rin Sch. a long day(??) ndm-mKa nam-ldns day-break, nam-lans-kyi-bar- du Dzl. nam - srod darkness of night, nam-srod byiii son-bai fse as it was almost quite dark Mil., *nam - srod yol son - nas* 6'., nam-sros-nas Sch. id. 2. for nam- mfca q. v. II. adv. of time, also dus-ndm-zig, 1. when? frq., how long a time? seldom; rgyun- du nam O ci ca med sgom always keep in mind that you do not know when you will die Mil. ; dus - nam -zig- gi tse-nas since when? since what time? how long ago? Ml; relatively: nam ^ro-bai dus byed-pa to appoint the time, when one is going to start Dzl.', nam zig sgyu-lus )og-pai tse, when he shall lay aside his phantom-body Mil.', *nam fsug-pa Ko ma leb-na, de fuy*. . ., as long as he has not come, so long ... W. 2. ndm(-du') yan (col. *ndm-an, ndms-an*) with a negative, never, in sentences relating to the past, or the future, or containing a prohibition, cf. mi and ma, nam-yan mi zin-to it will never be finished Dzl. %&>, 9; snon nam yan ma fos (that) has never been heard of formerly; without a negative in B. rarely, col. frq.: always; nam zag bi'tan Mil.', *ndm-zag gyun-du* C. id. the space or region above us, heaven, sky, where the birds are flying, and the saints are soaring, where it light- ens and thunders etc.; the ether, as the fifth element S. g.; the principle of expan- sion and enlargement Wdn.; ndm-mKa dan mnydm-pa like unto the heavens, as to wide expanse, frq.; inaccurately also for an innumerable multitude, ndm-mJca dan mnydm - pai sems - can - mams Mil. ; ndm- mHai dbyins, ndm-mKa- Idiit (-mo} v. sub m/ca; ndm-mKai mtons celestial vault, fir- mament Glr., S. 0. ; nam - ml,'a - mdog the blue colour of the sky, azure; it is supposed to be produced by the southern side of mount Rirab, which consists entirely of azur-stone, Mil.; Kyim-gyi ndm-mKa-la in the air above the house, like bar-sndn-la, Tar. ^sS, 2 ; nam- pdns ycod-pa, also nam- 304 ndm-zla dpdns spyod-pa Mil, to cross the height of the heavens, to fly across the sky. - nam-gru v. rgyu-skar. jxr = (ndm-zla} pronounced *ndm-da, and rfl ndm-la*, Mil, Pth., col, season, ndm-zla dus bzi the four seasons; da nam- da st-;n sar now autumn has set in; *da nam-da dan-mo soft*', fig. ndm-da O das the (favourable) season has passed Mil. dm-so == ndbs-so. nar v. na I. and II., 2; also nd-Ra. j. ndr-ma adj., and ndr-mar adv., con- tinuous, without interruption Sch.', *ci-ma ndr-te fon or sor* C. torrents of tears gushed from his eyes, cf. fcrul; nclr- re Mil., more vulg. *ndr-ra-ra* in a long row or file, O grul-ba to walk XT'^T sT'XT^v ndr-mo, ndr-nar-po ob- J long Mil., U*L; Ka-nar- can having the shape of a rectangle; gru- nar-can rhombic, lozenge-shaped. Cf. (b)sndr- ba. SPj" nal n. of a precious stone Sch. -^..^j. ndl(-ma) Cs. incest, fornication; nal-grib pollution by it. nal-priig frq., *nal-le* Ts., bastard-child; ndl-bu Sch. a libidinous woman (??). ^PJ'S* na l-fyi Pth- n - f a poison-tree. y^r- nas I. sbst. 1. barley, in three varieties: mgyogs-nas (Ld. ydn-ma, or drug-cu- nas, Wdn. Krd-ma^) early barley, ripening in about 60 days; ser-mo late barley, the best sort; ce - nas a middling sort. 2. barley-corn, nas-tsam as much as a barley- corn Glr. - nds-can beer brewed of barley. nas-rjen v. rjen-pa. nas-pye barley- flour. *nas - zir* (spelling not certain) aim or sight on a gun W. II. postp., sign of the ablative case (almost like las') 1. added to sbst: from, bydn-pyogs-nas from the north, often joined with bzun-ste (Ld. *tdns-te*\ commencing from, extending from, with a following to, as far as; till, until, with respect so space and time; by, Idg-pa-nas O dzin-pa or Ju- ba to take a person by the hand, miii- nas rjod-pa, smo-ba to call by name, figs- pa re -re -nas (to count) by single drops, so -so -nas one by one, each by himself; through, du/t-nas bsdd-pas speaking through a trumpet Glr., syo-sdh-nas ltd-ba looking through the chink of a door Tar.; sgo- nas yton - ba to admit through the door Dzl.; *bi'-yan-ne pan* W, he flung it through the hole (cf. also rgy&d-pal.,%)] made, manufactured, built etc. of, pd-gu-nas of bricks; (made, worked, struck etc.) with, *ldg-pa-ne dun* W. struck with the hand; denoting distance: rgyan .- grays ycig-nas po-ta-la yod 6'., Potala lies within reach of the ear; O di-nas gdns-ri-la far from here on the snowy mountain Glr.', with respect to time: after, sag bdun-nas after seven days: de-nas after that, afterwards, then. 2. added to verbs, as gerundial particle, rarely to the inf., gen. (col. al- ways) to the verbal root, prop, after, since; also equivalent to te, when added to a pres. or pf. root (instances of which are to be met with almost on every page of Tibetan books) ; together with O dug or yod added to a pres. or pf. tense, col. frq., in B. rarely: ha Iceb dgos snydm-nas yod I think I must seek death Ptk.; fsos-nas yod it is boiled Pth.\ so-nam-gyi byd-ba- la zugs-nas yod-pa-la as they began to till the ground Glr. Col. also for na. |j- ni I. 1. particle, col. also *m'n*; Cs. ' justly remarks : 'an emphatical particle', serving to give force to that word or part of a sentence, which rhetorically is most important, esp. also (though not exclusively, Sch.) to separate the subject of a sentence from its predicate, thus adding to perspi- cuity : Kyod O dir ^.oris-pa ni nai mfus f ons- so thy coming hither has been effected by my (magic) power Dzl.; bdag ni brdm-ze yin myself am a Brahmin Dzl.; de ni tia yin that one am I; O di ni mi pod-do this I am not able to do Dzl.; fa-mdl-pa ni ma yin a vulgar person she is not Dzl.', des ni it is by this (that . . .); stobs ni as to strength (I . . .); gdl-te nus-na ni if he 305 ni-la nus-pa can ( well!); da ni, siiar ni, O di-las ni, snon-cad ni etc.; sin-m/can ni now, as to the carpenter, he ... Dzl. ; ddr-ba ni now, with respect to the propagation (of the doctrine). In a similar manner it is frq. used, where we begin a new paragraph, heading it with its principal contents. In col. language the word before ni is rendered still more emphatic by repeating it once more after ni: *zer ni zer dug* W. (it is true) they say so; *dl ni dl-te yod* it has been written, (to be sure); *jhe ni jhe* 6'., *co ni co dug* W. (certainly) they are working at it, (but . . .). In metrical com- positions, esp. in mnemonic verses, it is often added as a mere metrical expletive, without any meaning, esp. after dan. 2. Ts.: demonstrative pron., *ri ni-le ni fo-iva dug* this mountain is higher than that. II. num. figure: 42. Ircr ni-la (Hindi f^f blue) 1. 6s. indigo. 2. W. the blue pheasant of the South Himalaya, manal. fo'Qigi' ni - lam , U-lam (Hindi; Shaksp. : 'from the Portu- guese leilam') auction, public sale. J-p" niti 1. col. for ni. 2. for rnyin? v. na- nin, ze-niu. |-Wq- nim-ba, f^jsf, n. of a plant, Melia Azedarachta. nii - li Sch. : the great buzzard or mouse-hawk (?). 5 nu num. fig.: 72. y-q- nu-ba pf. and imp. nus, to SUCk 6s., NO nu(-ba)-po, mo, a suckling 6s., nu-kiig sucking-bag. r-j-f' nu-bo, resp. ycun-po, W. *no*, a man's 1 younger brother B. and 61 r'^nu-ma, Cs. also cdb-nu (resp.?), breast, >o as two correspondent parts of the body, 1. mammary gland, female breast, bosom S.g. 2. nipple, teat, also of males. 3. dug, nipple of a cow's udder; nu-Kyim, -ydan, -Jbui\ - O bor, Cs. id. nu-sa the thoracic muscle. nu-rtse, nu-sor Cs. the tip of the breasts, nipple. nu-zo mother's milk, mai nu-zo Dzl.\ nu-zo snun-par byed-pa to suckle, to give suck, Lt.', nu-zo skdm- na if she has no milk Lt. nu ~' nw ! W- *no-mo*^ the younger sister of a female, B. and col. 2. v. nu-ba. nuy-ste (pronounced *nug-te*} Ts., so,' thus. nud-pa to suckle, W. : *pi-pi nud ton* give to suck! (= snun-pa). yq- nub 1. the west, nub-(kyf) pyogs(-rol) 4> id.; niib-pyogs-su towards the west; nub-bydn north-west; nub-kyi of the west, western; v. also bde-ba-can. 2. evening, do-nub this evening, to-night. nub-pa 1. vb., to fall gradually, to sink, mfil-la to the bottom; to sink in, piis-mo nub-pa tsam knee-deep Dzl. frq.; to go down, to set, of the sun, moon, frq.; fig. to decay, decline, of religion; nub-par O gyur-ba id. ; nub-par byed-pa Sch. = vb. a. snub -pa. 2. sbst. an inhabitant of the West. <3W"f nu ^~ mo evening; in the evening, frq.; NO nubgrdn-gi happening every evening Sch. <3\5J* num, W. col. for mun. No ( T^- ( T^'^I :/ nur-nur-po denotes the form of NO NO the embryo in the second week: oval, oblong; mer-mer-po id. *r .. nur-ba (cf . brnur-ba, snur-ba'), 1 . to 4 change place or posture, to move a little, *rig-te nur* (v. sgrig-pa) W. move a little nearer together, stand or sit a little closer! nur-gyis O t 'en-pa to pull gradually, to give short pulls Glr. ; pa-bori O dam rdzis- pa bzin-du nur the rock yielded, i.e. received impressions, like foot-prints on soft clay, MH.: to step aside, to draw or fall back; to get out of its place, to be dislocated; *pi nur-la dul-ce, pi-log-la nur-ce* W. to move slowly back. 2. to crumble to pieces, Mil. of mountains during an unearthly storm, according to some Lamas, cf. snur-ba. 3. 6s.: to approach, to come near to(?), yet cf. snu)'-ba. nus P a ! ^ v ^- * be able, to have sufficient moral or physical power, 20 306 nog-pa also = pod- pa; )i (or frq. ci) nus-kyis to one's best ability; to be able to do or to perform, dkd-las gan yah mi nus he cannot perform any difficult task Thyy.; rgydl-po mi nus he cannot be a king; to venture, to dare, ^ro nus-pa one that dared to go. (In W. *fub-pa* is used almost exclusively instead of it.) 2. adj. able, nus-pa su ce - ba Ita let us see who is more able, more efficient, who can do more, Mil.; C. also active, diligent, assiduous. 3. sbst. power, ability, faculty, capability, c. genit : nai nus -pa -la brten-nas by my power, through my agency (you shall obtain it) Mil.; rtsig-pai nus-pa yod- dam med whether there will be a capability of building . . . Gil'.; *de cos-la nus-pa med* W. this re- ligion has no power; nus-pa bsig-pa fams- cdd all the destructive powers; bycd-nus- pa, sf on -nus -pa the capability of doing, of showing That/.; rnam-smin-nus-pa the power of retributive justice (Nemesis, as it were) Mil. ; efficiency, efficacy, virtue (of a remedy), smdn-nus ^joms they hinder the efficacy of the medicines Med. ; nus-pa smin the efficacy becomes complete Mil.; in a more particular sense : the effect of a medicine in the stomach (opp. to its taste etc.) ; there are eight different effects: lei, snum, bsil, rtul, yan, rtsub, fsa, mo S.g.; nus-pa ynyis dan Idan they have both qualities S.g.; mis-stdbs = nus-pa Sch. II. pf. of nu-ba. -s^ 5T ne num. figure: 102. ne-fa'Hi neu-fdii, meadow, grass-plot, green-sward, B., a, w. ne-ne-mo aunt, the father's sister, or wife of the mother's brother. ne-ma meadow, green-sward, C., W. ne-tso parrot. sfc'afc* -re, ner ner (v. ner - ba), W. sediment, settlings, dregs. 5'(5j- ne-U Sch. : 'mouse-hawk', a species of large hawk or vulture, differing from go-bo, frequently to be met with in Kullu, but not in Ladak. ne-weSch. mason's trowel, nc-we rgyag- pa to plaster, to roughcast. ne-bsiii = neu- nen-pa W. col. for len-pa, to take, lay hold of, seize; to take out, off, away; to hold. nem-nem denotes a nodding, waving, or rocking motion, Mil ; cf. nems and nem-bu doubt, error Sch. nems; Stg. describes an elastic floor in the following manner: rkdn-pa bzcig-na ni nems ses byed-de, rkdh-pa btegs- na ni spar zes byed: hence nems, it sinks a little, gives way. j-Q-ntr-' neu-lddn Lex. = na-mnydm one of the same age, coetaneous, contem- porary; Sch. : neu-lddn friend, and neu-ldd/is protector, defender. 3\Q*(1T neu ~M, Hindi %^<5fT, Ssk. ^^jwf. ich- neumon, Herpestes PharaonTs, Lis. ; represented in B. as a fabulous animal, cat-like and vomiting jewels. neu-(y)sin 1. C. = ne-fan. 2. grass-plots on high mountains, alpine pastures (C. span). ner-ba to sink, to fall gradually, mfil- la to the bottom, nub-pa. ner-ncr ne-re W. no 1. W. for nu-bo. 2. num. fig. : 132. no-no Ld. title of young noblemen, no-no cen-mo the eldest of a noble- man's sons, bar-pa the second, cun-se the youngest; Sp. title of the highest magistrate of the country. no-mo (Bal. no-no) W. for nu-mo. nog Sch.: cervical vertebra; hump of a camel. n 9-P, P^o. prov. for ndg-po; nog -nog very dark, deep-black. <3C*^* non-ba noii-ba, pf. nons, to commit a fault, to make a mistake, to commit one's self, ci noiis what have I done amiss ? Mag ma ndns-par O di-ltar ynod-pa bgyis I have thus been injured without my fault Dzl.; no/ts-pa fault, crime, nons(-pa) mi byed-pa not to commit a fault or crime DzL; bzod- pa to pardon, to forgive, v. bzod-pa; nons- pa bzod-par ysol-ba to ask pardon for a fault committed (in C. even: *noh-pa sol- ^6a*); nons-pa-can culpable, liable to punish- ment; *noh-can-ni (s)pe-ra* W. a reprehen- sible speech. nons-pa resp. no more alive, dead Dzl., rje-btsiin sku ma ndns-par pebs-pa that your Reverence has arrived safe and sound Mil. n< >d-pa, mnod-pa, pf. and imp. mnos, to receive in- struction, directions, favours, from a superior, esp. priest, Dzl., Glr. ; but also to receive punishment. *]* n o n -p a ! a ls ^'non-pa, pf. ynan, mnan, 1. to press, ' ;f mdn-po ma non* do not press too hard! *ndn-te pe-ce* W. to open a thing by pressing ; with or without rkdn-pas to tread under foot, to crush; to pour over, to cover with, sas, bye-mas, with earth, with sand; to be drenched, car-pas by a shower of rain DzL; to lay over, to overlay with Tar. 9, 11, 21 ; more frq. fig. to oppress, suppress, overcome, conquer, humble, keep under, mfo-ba Krims-kyis the great people by laws Glr. ; enemies frq.; evil spirits by magic, e.g. sri yndn-pa by burying heads of animals in the ground, in order that the evil spirits may remain shut up there; bgegs non -pa to keep the spirits away from the fields during harvest by hatchets etc. stuck in the ground; po. Kd-bai ydoii sri mnan I have crushed, sub- dued, the face of the snow (i.e. its sur- face) that was adverse to me Mil.; sa yndn- du the sitting posture of a saint, when his left hand rests in his lap, and his right hand hangs down, keeping down, as it were, the earth and her powers ; cf. mnyam- bzdg. Frq. also: mya-fidn-gyis, snyiit- 307 rjes etc. to be overcome by misery, by com- passion. 2. to overtake, to catch, to reach, bdds-pas in the pursuit Mil. and W. - 3. sgo-na to brood, to hatch, eggs, Sch. II. W. lo tsam-non, for Ion, how old is he? Sjrn* nom-pa, pf. noms, 1. Cs. to be satis- fied, contented (nom-pa?) 2. to seize, to lay hold of (snom-pa); Sch.: noms- nyug byed-pa. & nor I. (Ssk. \pf, also ^) 1. wealth, property, possessions, nor(-la) ' god-pa Mil. to suffer a loss of property; * nor god- da* or *pog-ga* W. have you suffered damage or loss? *nor nyams co-pa* C., *Un-ce* W., to examine the inventory, the amount of property ; pdgs - pai nor Mun Mil. the seven (spiritual) possessions of a saint, v. Trig. 17; proverb: *rdii-nor-la man mi-nor-la dhug (sc. tar to)* C. look upon your own property as a medicine, upon that of others as a poison; thing, substance, much the same as rdzas, Zam. (nif.). 2. more or less exclusively: money, nor - la ltd - ba to care for money , to be avaricious, easily bribed etc.; nor skyi-ba toborrow money, norbsri-ba to save money, to scrape together; nor sog-joy-pa to ac- cumulate riches. 3. Sch. : cattle, even in such phrases as : nor Kria-pa the pairing of cattle. Sch., nor-dpon Desg. chief neat- herd (provincialism of C.?). 4. heritage, inheritance, bko-ba to divide (it among the heirs) ; pa - nor heritage from the father, md-nor heritage from the mother. b symb. num.: 8 (cf. nor-lha). Comp. nor-skal inheritance, hereditary portion; nor-skal-rnams funds, capital A/V/. nor-rgyun imperishable riches Cs. ; no-r- rgyun-ma a goddess, nor - can wealthy, opulent, rich Cs. nor-bdag 1. a man of wealth. 2. an heir. 3. a money-changer, usurer, Hind. ?Tf T'Jl^- ndr-bdag-mo fern, of it; also n. of a goddess ; nor-bdag-bu heir. nor- dus Pur. the gathering of taxes. nor- bmab-can covetous, greedy of money. nor-pyugs amount, or stock of cattle, nor- J)ru store of corn. noi'-bu v. that article 308 nor-ba 'q* yndn-ba nor- dzin po. the earth. nw-rdzds = nor I., 1 . B. and col. nor-lha ku-be- ra, god of riches; there are eight such gods. II. v. sub nor-ba. 2^-q- nor-ba to err, to make a mistake, to commit a fault, gas O pul nor-ro it is wrong (to write it) with the prefix y Gram." nor son it is a mistake, I (thou, he etc.) am wrong; Jca, lag -pa, lam nor son, it was a slip of the tongue, I got hold of the wrong thing, I lost my way; to stray, de-las O di-ru from one thing to another Thgy.', mi-nor-ba, ma-nor-ba, nor- ba-med-pa infallible, not liable to fail, e.g. of a charm; where one cannot miss or go wrong, lam; mi-nor-bar, strictly according to prescription or direction. nor - ba, nor -pa Cs. 1. a wanderer, from the right way. 2. an error, a mistake. nor-Jcrul id., f'rq.; nor-ra-re Sch.: he might possibly he mistaken. n or-bu (*rfT!r) 1 jewel, gem, precious stone , nor -bu- can adorned with jewels, set with precious stones; nor-bu-pa, nor-bu-mKan Cs. a jeweler, a connoisseur of gems ; nor -bu- O preh - ba a rosary or chaplet composed of precious stones; also as title of a book; nor-bu rin-po-ce, f^-- nTTfltW, a vei 7 costl J jewel; also jewel, par excellence, a fabulous precious stone, the possession of which procures inex- haustible riches; ace. to Wdk. 488, it has the shape of an oval fruit of the size of a large lemon. 2. a noun personal, or family name, much in use. 3. gen. pro- nounced *ndr-ru, nw-ro*, good, excellent, noble, e.g. mi, Bal., Pur. nor- so, nor-so-can, Wdri. 173, 11; 182,4? * nol-ba to agree, to come to terms Cs. |" nos-pa v. nod-pa. nya-gro-dha SsL, Ficus indica, = byan-cub-sifi. y na y-p a , a secondary form of nc'ig- pa, of rare occurrence, 1. black; ynag-sbdgs SOOty Sch.', ynag-pyitgs black cattle, esp. the yak; ynag rta lug ysum cattle, horses, and sheep, these three ; ynag- kyu a herd of cattle; ynag-rdzi a keeper of cattle, cow-herd ; ynag-lhds an enclosure for cattle. 2. fig. black-hearted, wicked. impious. 3. (looking black upon) frowning; Glr. fol. 96 : sems sin-tu yndg-par byun (not- withstanding their friendly appearance) they had a spite against each other in their hearts. 4. sbst. misfortune, grief, affliction, pain, yndg-pa dan Iddn-pa unfortunate, un- happy Stg.; '^ nag-can* W. cruel, tormenting; *nag stdn-pa* Ld. to torture, to torment. - 5. Sch.: (well) considered, (carefully) weighed in the mind; v. however brndg-pa. yndh-ba I. vb., pf. ynau(s), imp. ynon, B., C. (in W. stsdl-ba is gen. used for yndii-ba) 1. to give, resp., i.e. only used when a person of higher rank gives or is asked to give; cf. Jbid-ba; *ddg-la <ld-tra cig-gi pog kydb-rog ndii-wa zu* C. please, have the kindness to give me my month's pay; sometimes it is preceded by a pleon. rjes-su, Cs., to bestow, to confer, upon, frq. ; to commit to, to place under a person's care, e.g. a pupil (resp. for ytod- pd) Mil; to grant, to concede, what has been asked, yhdh-du ysol (ancient lit.), yndii - ba zu (later lit.) I request you to grant; skur-yndt't mdzdd-pa mUycn-mK'yt'n I beg you for the favour of sending me ... (in modern letters) ; to allow, permit, approve of, assent to, ysegs-par yndn-no he accepted the invitation, he promised to come Dzl.', bdag rdb-tu Jbyuii-ba^ ynoii zig allow me to take (holy) orders, to become a priest Dzl.; bdag ni sbyin-pa zig bycd-kyis ynon zig allow of my making a donation Dzl.; de bzin-du yndn-no yes, I permit it Dzl.; yid bzin-du yndn-no we allow it; do ac- cording to your pleasure! - ci ynan v. ci I., 4. In a looser sense: blon-por yndn- no he appointed him his minister; miyndn- ba to forbid, prohibit, cos byar mi yndit-bai Jcrims bcas he published a prohibitory law concerning the exercise of religion Glr. ; (bkas) ma ynan Pth. he refused it, declined to grant it, byon-du ma ynan he refused 309 yuan* ynd-ba to come Glr. 2. sometimes to command, to order, complete form: bkaynd/t-ba; y?idn- fsiy skul-ba to order a person to do a thing Pth. 3. in complimentary phrases used in ( '. the precise meaning of yndri - ba is not always quite obvious i/wa/i-m/s mdzad- pa (v. above) to give, to help to, to assist in(?); *goh-pa fsom-pa ma nan*, do not be put out, do not give way to any mis- givings (to wards me)! sometimes swa//(q.v.) would make a better senso. II. sbst. concession, permission, grant, O gr6-bai yndn-ba zu-ba Mil.; mi-las yndn- ba fob -pa to obtain permission from a person ; bka - ynd/'i - ba (magisterial) per- mission, order (of government) ; ynah-sbyln very frq., gift, donation, present, ston-mo ynah-sbyin a present of provisions Glr. ; gift of honour, reward, favour, privilege, price of victory held out etc. mgry;$|y ynans adv. 1. on the third day, ^ e.g. he came Glr.] gen. of the future: the day after to-morrow, san ynans Glr.', *fo-re ndn-la* W. to-morrow and the day after to-morrow; san O gro ynans ^gro yod-pa yin to-morrow or the day after to- morrow I must be off Pth. ; ynans-yzes on the third and fourth day Lex. 2. ynaris- ce rather (too) large, ynans-cun rather (too) small Mil.nt. ynad, Ssk. TT^. 1. the main point, object or substance, the pith, essence, ynad O gr6l-ba to explain the main point Mil.; ynad -don the proper meaning, the pith of the matter Tar., Sch/.; *yndd-ses- mKan* W. one that knows athing thoroughly, that is up to it, knows how to do it; *nS se'-pa, ne'-kyi zu-wa bul-iva* C. to excuse one's self, to defend or justify one's self (prop, to account for the circumstances that led to an action) ; *pog da pog ; nad- du (or nad - can) ma feb* W. I have hit (him), but not mortally; so B.: yndd-du snun-pa to pierce mortally. 2. in ana- tomy: by ynad bdun, or 'the seven impor- tant parts of the body', ace. to S. g. are meant: flesh, fat, bones and veins, and cu- rgyus, don, and snod (Wise, Hindoo Me- mar- dicine p. 69, gives a somewhat different explanation). 3. in mysticism: the seven physical conditions requisite for successful meditation, Ida-pa mnyam-bzdg-tu bzdg-pa (the hands joined over the stomach in such a manner, that the fore-joints of the fingers cover each other, whilst the thumbs are stretched out without touching), lus rdo- rje-skyil-kruh sdod-pa, gal-fsig mda Itar sru/i-ba, dpiin-pa rgod-sog-pa Itar sru/i-ba, mig ma- riser Jbebs-pa, mcu rah-Jbab-tu bzdg-pa, Ice-rtse ya-dkdn-la sbydr-ba ; there are also sems - Tcyi ynad Mil. certain con- ditions of the mind required, such as ab- staining from rtog-pa, speculative thinking. yndn-pa v. non-pa. ' yndb-pa v. mndb-pa. ynam 1. heaven, sky, = ndm - mKa; yndm-ga id. Cs.; yndm-gyi go-la the sphere or globe of heaven Cs. ^ ; ynam ^yur- ba Mil , mentioned in connexion with an earthquake, and prob. corr. translated by Schr. with thunderstorm, tempest; *nam kar-kor* W. now the sky is cloudless, now overcast (inst. of *dkar-Jtor* ?) ; yndm-sgo \. Sch. the gate of heaven (?). 2. C. trap- door. ynam-lcags, piam-lce Cs. thunder- bolt, lightning that has struck; ynam-stdn the thirtieth day of the lunar month, the day of new moon Pth.; *nam-fdn* W. serene sky, fine weather. ynam-fel-dkdr-po Glr. 99 is said to be a deity of the Horpa or Mongols, as likewise sa-fel-ndy-po, and bar- fel-tcrd-bo. yndm-mda Pth. shooting an arrow straight up into the air. yndm-rdo Cs. = ynam-lcdc/s, Schr. hail. ynam-zlum vault of heaven Sch. fnam-yds Glr. 95 is said to be a n. p., the name of a build- ing. ynam-ru, resp. for fzu, bow (for shooting), Cs. rainbow. yndm-sa heaven and earth, yndm-sa brdeb-pa tsam so that heaven and earth were mixed Glr. 2. v. nam, faulty, incorrect. xn-q- ynd-ba Glr., Lt., mab Sg., Ld. *nd- po, fern, nd-mo*, an antelope, found in Ld., Sp., Kun., Nepal and other countries ; 310 jrnd-bo ynds-pa its flesh is well-tasted, and its hair is sup- posed to cure cases of poisoning (!) Med. Hook-., (Him. Journ. II, 132) seems to mean this animal by his 'gnow', prob. confound- ing yna with ynyan (q.v.) which latter, ace. to Cunningham's Ladak p. 198, and by the statements of the natives, is the argali. ynd-bo ancient Cs.;yna-m6n form- erly, in old times Cs.; ynd-dus Lex. former times, time of yore; ynd-nas ma mfoh never seen or heard of before Dzl. ; ynd- rabs C's. men who lived in old times, the ancients. ynd-mi Lex. w.e.; Sch. witness. - P |ace ' s P ot ' B -> c -> ( in w - sa(-Kydd), sa-cd) dben-pai ynas sig a lonely place; mfo-bai ynas a raised place, an elevation Dzl.; ynds-na Q dug-pa, ynds- su sdod-pa the being somewhere, ynds-su c gro-ba the going somewhere, ynds-nas skrod-pa the expelling from a place Gram. - 2 place of residence, abode, dwelling- place, (in W. not in use) ?nas Jbebspa Sch., O cd-ba Ma., O de'bs-pa, to establish one's self at a place, to settle, ynas ytori-ba, som-pa, to quarter, lodge, take in, a person Stg., ynas med-par O gyiir-ba to become homeless; a house, family, or race no longer existing, extinct, Dzl.; ynds-su son-no they returned to their place, their home Dzl. ; ynas dan skyabs med-par O gyur-ba to be at one's wit's end, not knowing what to do Schr. 3. a holy place, place of pilgrimage ; her- mitage, monastery; *nds)al-pa, nds-kor-pa* W. a pilgrim; *dor-)e-lin-gi n?* the her- mitage, or Buddhist parsonage in Darjee- ling; ace. to Sch. also Lama, cf. mcod-ynas. 4. a clerical dignity or degree, ynas sbyin- pa to confer such Sch. 5. (cf. the Latin locus) object, like yul, but not so frq., gdd- moi ynas an object of laughter; no-fsai ynas words, actions, which ought to be an object of shame Schr.: point, head, item Was. (225) ; sphere, province, fig. S.y. ; rig- pai ynas l/ta the five classes of science. ynas O ayur-ba Sch. : to appear embodied (?) ; ynds-su O gyitr -ba and byed-pa S.O. and elsewh. ? y na8 -pa, (imp- prob. only in the periphrastical form ynds-par byos) 1. to be, live, lodge, dwell, stay, of persons, animals and things, mndl-na ynds-pai Kyeu the babes in their mother's womb Dom. 2. to remain, hold to or on, adhere to, e.g. / a doctrine, opinion, way of acting etc., dge- ba bcii-la ynds-pa to persevere in the ten virtues; bydms - pai sems - la ynds - pa to remain, to continue in love; in a general sense: cos-la ynds-pa 'one abiding in re- ligion', a clerical person Dzl. &(, 13; to exist permanently, opp. to the moment of first taking existence Was. (278). 3. to hesitate (?). rdb-tu ynds-pa v. rdb-tu. Comp. and deriv. (also of ynas): ynds- skabs \ . state, condition, or perh. more ac- curately period, tm'idl-gyi ynds-skabs Itdr- Itar-po Lex. 2. temporal life, ynas-skabs-kyi bde-ba temporal happiness (opp. to mfdr- fug-gi snyi/i-po, or don, O brds-bu, Schr., the essence or result of perfection, here, there- fore, = eternal felicity); ynds-skabs- fse-yi bar-ycod mi O byun-zin if my temporal life be not endangered. ynds -Kan dwelling. dwelling-house or room Dzl.; ynds- Kan-la soys -pa a furnished house or room Dzl. - ynas-cen a great resort of pilgrimage, a great sanctuary Tar. ynas brtdn (loco firmus, stabilis, lit. translation of ^frf%^ 1. firm, 2. old) an elder, senior, n. of the (16) highest disciples of Buddha: afterwards, when various schools had been formed, n. of the orthodox Buddhists, Bum. I, 288; Kopp. I, 383; Was. (38). (C's. seems to have confounded brtan with brten,v?]ien he trans- lates: subaltern, vicar). ynds - po host, landlord, master of a house, head of a fa- mily C., ynds-mo fern. Glr. ynas-mdl Lex., 9|"^'mT, sleeping - place, night - quarters, couch Schr.; Cs. dwelling-place (?) ynas- med v. ynas 2. ynas ytsdii-mai ris n. p., name of an abode of the gods. ynas- f* 'n't dwelling, quarters, lodgings, mi-la ynas- fsdn yydr-ba to ask for a lodging; to be ynon lodged, to be received into another's house Tar.', *ne-fsan JUH* C. you will be lodged here, you may stay here (over night), W. *f]dii-sa* ynas-fsid 1. the state in which one is, good or bad, condition of life, sems- kyi the state of one's soul or heart. 2. an account, of one's state of mind. 3. story, tale, narration; event, col. 4. in philosophy: the reality of being (opp. to non-existence) Was. ("297). ynas-yzi \.- ynas 3, Tar. frq. 2. the locative, that case which relates to beiug in or at a place Gram. ynds-lugs 1. position, disposition, arrangement, lus-kyi arrangement of the parts of the body, the science of anatomy Med. 2. in mystical works : ynds-lugs rtogs-pa the knowledge of the essence of things, the knowledge ot all things, or in a Buddhist sense, of the non- existence of all things, Tar. and elsewh. ynas-bsdd l. topography and geography col. 2. narration of legendary tales con- nected with some holy place. ynds-sa (v. ynds-pa) the permanent residence of a person, or the constant place of a thing, opp. to *bor-sa* W. temporary place or re- sidence; place, room, in general, *ne-saydn- pa dug* W. there is much room here. ynas-bsrun 1. W. ('locum tenens') earnest, earnest-money, pledge, security; it might also be used for ticket, ticket of admission etc. 2. Sch.: guardian, or warden of a monastery. mgr' ynon-\. v. ynan-ba. 2. conscious- ness of guilt, ynoh Ian (his) conscience smites (him) Mil.; O gyod-bin ynon bkur-bai sems repentance and a sense of guilt Dzl. yn6n-ba 1. to be conscious of one's guilt, to feel remorse, to be stung in one's conscience, ynoh-zin O gyod-pai sgo- nas from a consciousness of guilt Pth., ynofi- O gyod drdg-pos id. Pth.; * non-no Idh-na tim-co de* C. where there is repentance, it is easy to pass judgment. 2. to be seized with anguish, as the effect of poison- ing. ynod-pa 1. vb. (cf. sndd-pa) to hurt, harm, injure, damage, rkdn -pa - la f nod-par O gyiir-gyi dogs-pas in order not to hurt one's foot Dzl. ; ynod - par O gyiir-bai 311 dgra a dangerous enemy Dzl.- *na-la nod yin* W. (he or it) will hurt me. More frq. : 2. sbst. damage, harm, injury, bijcd-pa, skyel-ba, Glr., Mil, *kydl-ce* W. to do harm, to inflict injury, to hurt, with la-, yn&l-prr med-par, ma O gyur-nas without any harm, without injury Sch,; ynod-byed-nyes-pa v. nyes-pa I. klui ynod-pa damage done by Nagas. ynod-sbyin, ^j, a class of demons. ynnn-pa v. non-pa. ^TR^" ynob v. mndb-pa. mndg-pa Sch. = yndg-pa 5. mnaa - mna dSch.: falsehood, ca- lumny; W. *nad-ndd co-fcan* one doing damage maliciously. J" mndn-pa v. non-pa. resp. for g yon- pa, to put on, nd-bza Lex. the garment; v. also nabs. . mnab-rtsdl Cs. mean, worthless; Lex. and Sch. : nourishment, food, mnab-rtsdl-gyi bu(-fsa) Cs.: the child of an indigent person, Sch.: foster-child; the word is not much known. mndm-pa to smell of, cca., dri-ma gld - bai til - ma mnam as to its smell, it smells of the dung of a musk- deer; to smell agreeably, to exhale fragrance, e.g. the scent of lotus Glr.', more frq. to smell badly, to spread an offensive smell, to stink, rnul man dri mnam profuse and badly smelling perspiration Lt.; lus btsog- pa mnam - pa (or -po) O di Dzl. this foul stinking body. Note: The transitive signi- fication (to smell == to perceive by the nose) belongs only to the form sndm-pa, and Dzl. V&, 14 should be translated: the me- dicine stank. nina oath, mna Jbo-r-ba, O ddr-ba, bi/nl- pa, ski/el-ba B., *kydl-ce* W., to take an oath, to swear; Ilia tl^'iii-du l>t*it<ix-n<ix mna bycd-pa to swear by the Lha Glr.; O di-skad ccs mna bor-ro Dzl. ; bar dan mnd- 312 rnag dpan byed - pa to act as a mediator and witness of the confirmation of the peace by oath Glr. ; *mna zd - ba* C. to swear falsely, to commit perjury. rurvxr mnd-ma Dzl. and elsewh., Cs. : a son's or grand-son's wife, a daughter- in-law; but the word is also used for the daughter-in-law 'in spe', i.e. for the bride of the son, who is usually selected by the parents and lives with these for one or two years before being married ; so also bride- groom and son-in-law are nearly synon- ymous; v. bag -ma and mag -pa; cf. also the Hebrew ]nn and n'^s. mnar -ba to suffer, to be tormented, J3., C.j sdug-bsndl pun-pos under a mountain of misery Glr.; nyes-med yiso-bo rgydl-poi O jigs-pas mnar the innocent lords had to suffer in consequence of the king's fears Pth. ; Ids-kyis mnar - ba to suffer in consequence of former actions, to be damned; Ids-kyis mndr-bai brdg-srin-mo zig a Srinino in the state of damnation; ran-nyid mnar- sdan(?) byed you make yourselves suffer the torments of damnation Mil. mna l> resp. for ynyid, sleep, mndl- du peb-pa or O gro-ba to fall asleep, mndl-ba to sleep, mndl-yzim-pa id.; mnal sad-pa to awake Mil, ; mnal - lab the talk- ing in one's sleep; mndl-lam dream Glr. mn -I>a l.to think, fancy, imagine, de nd-la zei'-ba yin mnds-nas think- ing it had been said to him. 2. to think upon, to consider, sna bsam pyi mno med- par neither considering before hand, nor thinking of the consequences; bsam -mno yton-ba id., Mil. (cf. bsam-blo). $$jqrq* mnog-pa contentment Cs.; zas-mnog Lex. v?.Q.;Sch.: moderate fare, fru- gal diet; mnog-cutl insignificant, trifling, v. nans. ' mnon-ba v. ynoh-ba. J" mnod-pa v. nod-pa. C$. = mnal-grib; mnol- rig weak intellect, want of quick perception Sch. $$&$' mnos 1. v. nod-pa. 2. v. mno-ba. s-n- rnd-ba 1. resp. snyan, col. *ndm-cog, * or am -cog*, (Pur., Bal. *rna, sna*), the ear, sems-can ^6n-pa-dag rnd-bas sgrd- rnams fos the deaf hear; rnd-bai me -Ion the drum or tympanum of the ear Cs. ; md- bai dgd-ston a treat for the ears Glr.; rnd- bai dbdh-po ytod lend me your ear, listen to me Mil. ; ned rnd-ba mi sun I am not tired of hearing Mil.; rnar snydn-pa plea- sant to the ear, tickling the ear Stg. ; rnd- ba O dud-pa v. O dud-pa; rnd-ba byd-ba, byo- ba, bldg-pa Sch., to listen, rnd-ba nd - ba disease of the ear, ear-ache; rnd-ba ^ur-ba Med. a tingling, humming, or buzzing in the ears ; rnd-ba sra hard or dull of hear- ing Sch. 2. v. ynd-ba. Comp. rna-kor ear-ring Sch. *na-kydg* W. ear-wax, cerumen. rna-Kun ear-hole, O ci-bai rnd-Kun-du (or md-bar, or mar) bijod-pa to cry into a dying man's ear. - rna-kebs that part of a helmet which protects the ear Sch. rna - gydn orna- ment worn in the ears, e.g. me-tog-gi Stg.', rna-cd id., yser-gyi Mil. rnd-mcog col. \. rnd-ba. 2. the pan of a fire-lock. rna-ltdg the back -part of the ear Cs. rnd-feg-can, bzod-pa sgom-pai rnd-feg-can one that is able to listen to all that (stuff) with patience Mil. rna-ydub ear - ring 6s. rna-mdd yzer-ba C. the piercing of the ear with an arrow, a Chinese punish- ment. rna-spdg (sic), or -spdbs ear-wax Sch. rna-rdl an ear torn by pendants. - rna-lun Cs. the ear or handle of a vessel. rna -sal Med. ear-lap, tip of the ear. ma^-pa^-ysog Lex. and Lt., perh. = sna- ysog. rna-sldn (*nas-ldn*) a fur -cover for the ears, worn by Tibetan ladies. =qv rnag matter, pus, suppuration, rnagsmin- ' ' pa pus grown ripe Cs. ; O dren-pa Sch. : 'to draw out the pus'; (I only met with rnag snd- dren-pa S.g., which can hardly have this signification); rnag-rdol-ba dis- charge of matter; rnag-rtol-ba prob. caus- ing such a discharge by a puncture ; rnag Q dzdg-pa the dropping or running of pus 313 rnags Cs.\ rndg-par mdg-pa to form pus, to ulcerate Cs. skrdns-pa rndc/-tu Kug v. gug-pa. rnag - Krdg matter and blood. - mdg-can containing pus, purulent. - rnag- brum abscess Sch. rnag-subs prob. the core of an ulcer. jj. rnags W., 6'., ready money, cash, *nag kyan*id. -*nag-zog* money and goods ; *gir-mo gyad nag* Ld. eight rupees in cash. *r-n* man - ba pf. brnans to be checked, ' stopped, shut off; with or without gre- bar, to stick fast in one's throat; to be choked (complete form brndns - te ci-bd); dbugs-kyis man -sin (his) breath stopping short (from fright) Pth.; skdd-kyis rndn-te not being able to utter a word Dzl. %?, 1 ; zds-kyis rndn-te the food sticking fast in his throat, mya-ndn-gyis from sorrow Dzl. zj- rnam, in compounds for rndm-par, v. rndm-par extr. Jr&r^r rnam ~P a 1- P' ece > P ar *> e -S- ^ e parts of a panel of a door, *rin-gi ndm-pa* a longitudinal piece, *zen-gi ndm- pa* a cross piece W.; rndm-pa ynyis-su gyes (a ray of light) is divided into two parts or rays; section, distinct part of a treatise; part, ingredient, lus-kyi rndm-pa prd-rags-rnams the subtile and the coarse ingredients of the body Wdn. ; rndm-pa kun - tu, fams - cad - du in every respect, to all intents and purposes, through and through, entirely, perfectly; this phrase is used, whenever people of rank are address- ed: rnam- kun fugs-rje mgo- dren bka- drin mfsuns - brdl most honoured patron, altogether incomparable as to grace and goodness! or, rnam-kun fugs-rje dan bka- drin mfsuns-brdl; European gentlemen are thus addressed in letters: rnam-kun fugs- rje ^gyur-med sd-heb most honoured Sahib, invariably kind in every respect! 2. things or persons taken individually, often pleon., ^.od-zer rndm-pa bzi four (separate) rays of light; jo-bo rnam(-pa) ynyis the two lords (sc. gods) Glr.; bdag O dir fsogs bu - mo rndm - pa Ina we five girls here assembled Mil.; *sd-heb ndm-pa nyi* W. the two European gentlemen; &> - O f>r>'// mam-pa rndm-pa bco-brgydd the eighteen wonder- ful feats; O byun-ba rndm-pa Ina Wdn. the five elements; %al-zds rndm-pa Dzl. V\S, 17 the separate dishes of a meal (another reading: zal - zds - mams) ; when used in quite a general sense, the exact meaning is to be understood only by the context: Ihd-sa mam-pa ynyis fsdr-nas after finish- ing the two Lhasa affairs, viz. the erecting of two buildings previously mentioned; mdm-pa fams-cdd mkyen-pai ye-ses 8. $., or spyan DzL, as much as omniscience; yzugs ni I'a-d6g dan dbyibs-kyi rndm-pao 'yzugs' is that in which both colour and form are included Wdn. 3. division, class, species, dpun rnam bzi the four species of troops (cavalry, elephants, charidts, in- fantry) ; rndm-pa bzi of four different kinds. 4. manner, way, rnam-pa sna-fsogs-kyis, rndm-pa sna-fsogs-kyi sg6-nas in manifold manner, variously, frq. ; rndm-pa drug-tu (the earth shakes) in six ways, i.e. direc- tions (whenever extraordinary works of charity are performed by holy men) v. Bum. I., 262 (not 'six times' Sch.} ; rndm- pas = sgo-nas, or pyir, bslu-bai rndm-pas by arts of seduction Dzl. ; de-la mi dgd- bai mdm-pas from vexation at it Mil. ; bser- mai rndm-pas in consequence of the cold wind Mil 5. outward appearance, ex- terior, -jliqiK, as to form, figure, shape: Icdgs-kyui rndm-pa in the shape of a hook, hooked Wdn. ; ston-pai rndm-par spml he assumed the appearance of the Teacher Tar. ; cos-skui rndm-par O gyur-ba to appear in a misty form Glr. ; his O di ni roi rndm- par O gyur this body turns into a corpse Thgy., and so in most cases with regard to the whole appearance; of colour alone it is used only, when dbyibs (the shape) has already been stated, as in a passage from Pth. : as to its rndm-pa (colour), it is spotted like a leopard; deportment, de- meanour, gesture, yid-du ^6n-bai rndm-pas of graceful manners Mil.; further: state, manner of existence, of certain inhabitants of hell Ttyy.; in philosophical writings: 'Form der Erkenntniss' Was. (274); men- 20* 314 rndm-par rndm-pa tally : disposition, temper, state of mind T%.; *Ko ndm-pa-la* = sdm-pa-la C. in his mind. sxrnx' rndm-par 1. termin. of rndm-pa: into the form etc., v. above. 2. as postp. like, = the Lat. instar, Wdn. 3. adv. (possibly an abbreviation of rndm- pa kun-tu), entirely, perfectly, thoroughly; in negative sentences: by no means, on no account; often only adding force to another word, Ssk. f^; frq. in the shorter form rnam. The following expressions most in use, containing the adv. rndm-par or rnam, are alphabetically arranged with reference to the second word : rndm-par klub-pa to adorn, embellish Cs. mam-grdns i. enu- meration, rgydl-poi of kings Glr. 2. the whole amount, sum total, >..-/.: full number or quantity, where nothing is wanting (?Zr.90, 3.; mfsdn-gyi rnam -grans the component parts of his name according to their ety- mological value Tar. 69, 3. 3. treatise, disser- tation, a paper, cos-kyi frq. 4. by gramma- rians the signification of de is thus defined : rnam -grans -yzan -brjod-pa demonstrative pronoun(P). rnam-^gyur (cf. above mdm- pa 5) 1. form, figure, shape, yi-gei rnam- O gyur the form of the letters (written or printed) Glr., or in this passage also = the graceful form of letters, caligraphy, pen- manship, v. below. 2. behaviour, demeanour, lus-ndg-gi Wdn.; of a sick person S.g.; gesture, e.g. devout gestures Mil.; rnam- O gyur rdzes-pa Pth. mimic gestures, mimical performance, ballet. More esp.: 3. beau- tiful form, graceful carriage of the body, graceful attitudes (of dancers etc.) Pth. ; bzoi rnam - ^gyur the beauty of a work Glr. 4. pride CL, W., Mil; rndm-^yur-can fine, smart, gayly dressed; proud, vain, foppish col. rnam - par rgydl - ba conquering completely, gaining a full victory Pth.; mam-rgydl a surname much in use; rnam- rgyal- pun-pa, ace. to Schl. 247 bum-pa, water-bottle for sacred uses. rnam(-par)- bcdd(-pa) section, paragraph, rndm-par bead -pa dan-po-o first paragraph; also mark of punctuation at the end of a pa- ragraph, i.e. double -shad. rnam-bcu- dban - Man a certain way of writing the Ommanipadmehum, v. Schl. p. 121 ; but I should rather explain it in accordance to mam -pa 2, as the 'ten powerful things', scil. letters or written characters, else the words would have been: rndm-par dban- Iddn bcu. rndm-par O jog-pa v. rnam- bzdg. rndm-par rfog-pa (cf. rtog-pa I. 2, and II., 2), gen. sbst. rnam-rtog (fcc^ distinction; doubt, error) 1. discrimination, perception; so perh. S.g. : rnam-rtog nan bcom the perception of what is disagreeable is weakened; reasoning, mental investigation, opp. to ye-ses, the sublime wisdom of the saint, 2. scruple, hesitation, rnam-rfog ma mdzdd-par can O di ysol please drink this beer without any scruple! Pth. ; so also in col. language. 3. in philosophy: obscuration, viz. of the clear and direct (nihilistic) know- ledge of truth by reasonings in the mind of the individual, error, Was. (305). 4. in pop. language disgust, distaste, rnam-rtog skyed-pa to feel disgust Glr., zd-ba Pth. prob. id. rndm-(par} fdr(-ba). 1. to be entirely released or delivered, and sbst. com- plete deliverance, rnam -far ysum Trigl. fol. 12, three ascetic notions (in themselves of little consequence), ston-pa-nyid, mfsdn- pa-med-pa, and smon-pa-med-pa. 2. sbst. rnam- far biography, legendary tales about a saint; tale, story, description, in general. rnam-f6s-(kyi) bu, sras, rnam -sr as = Kuvera, Ssk. ^jmqiq. rnam -(par) dag (-pa) thoroughly cleansed, frq. ; by rnam- (par} dag {-par} rtsi-ba, or mdzdd-pa I have attempted to express the Scriptural doctrine of dixaiovv or justification. rnam- O dud n. of one of the seven golden hills round Mount Mem Glr. rnam - O dren (cf. O dren-pa 2) the saviour, Buddha; rnam- log- dren the reverse. mam-par-snan- mdzdd, C^^TJH, n. of the first of the Dhyani Buddhas. rnam-(par'} O prul{-ba) sorcery, magic tricks, byed-pa Dom. rnam-pye, rnam-pyed, prob. = rnam -(par) dbye(-ba) 1. distinction, division, section. 2. rnam-dbye case or cases, of which the Tibetan gram- 315 rnd-ba marians, from an excessive regard of the Ssk. language and in fond imitation of its peculiarities, have also adopted seven in number. rnam-(par) smm(-pd) retalia- tion, requital, of good or evil deeds, com- mitted in former lives, of good actions by prosperity (las- pro), of bad ones by misery and suiferings (lan-cdgs), very frq.; sdig- pai rnam-par smin-pa myon-ba Dzl. - rnam -(par) bzdg(-pa) 1. to distinguish, to put in order, arrange, classify Wdn., Thgy., sgo - nas according to ... (certain points or facts). 2. to consider a person or thing as fully equal or equivalent to another, to substitute one for the other, C. ; rnam-bzag sbst., Lex. cq^^TT 1 placing apart, separating ; distinction. 2. arrangement, position, = ynds -lugs 1. rnam-(par) rig^-pa) and ses(-pa), as a vb., 1. to know fully, to understand thoroughly. 2. rndm-par ses-pai lus-can-rnams Dom. rational, or at least animated, beings, opp. to inanimate nature; as a sbst., gen. rnam-ses, fc^M ; l. etymologically: perfect knowledge, con- sciousness, Kopp. I, 604. 2. in philosophy : one of the five pun-po, perceptions, cog- nitions, Was. (of which there are six, if the knowledge acquired by the inner sense is included ) also in Mil. frq. , e. g. sgo Inai rnam - ses (cf. sgo ysum). 3. in pop. language : soul, e.g. of the departed, (later literature and col.) (The significations 2 and 3, I presume, should be distinguished, as is done here, according to the different spheres in which they are used and not be explained one out of the other, as is attempted Burn. I, 503. Schr. gives here, as in most cases, the signification used in col. language.) 4. rnam - rig Was. (307) idea, notion; Tar. often = ^qrRT also f^ff, rnam-rig-tu bkrdl-pa 'explained in the sense of the idealists', Schf. ; mam-rig dan rtog- gei bstan-bcos logical and dialectical Shas- tras. rnam-bsdd explanation Tar. *x*&r mams, in B. the usual sign of the plural, in col. language little used, esp. in W., meaning, ace. to its etymology, piece by piece; hence its use is not a strict grammatical rule, but more or less arbi- trary; it is mostly omitted, when the plural is otherwise indicated , e. g. after definite and indefinite numerals; it may be used, however, not only in these instances (Jcor man -po- mams many servants), but also after collective nouns (dge- dun-rnams), at the end of enumerations (= de fams-cdd), after general expressions, such as: gan yod(-pd)-rnams whatever they were, after other plural- signs (. . . dag- imams etc.). Cf. mam-pa 2. <? ^" rnar, for rnd-bar, q. v. W2iv"\ rndl(-ma) I. 1. rest Cs., lus mdl- ' du ynds - par gyur - to his body obtained rest Tar.- esp. tranquillity of mind, composedness, absence of passion, *'///* ///<;/- du mi ynds - par his soul having no rest Tar.; rndl-du O dug-pa, or K6d-pa, Mil.: rndl-mar sdod-pa id.; rig-pa rndl-du O bebs- pa to give one's mind up to perfect rest Thgr. ; rnal-Jbyor \ . TEffa, meditation, nearly the same as tih-ne- O dzin and bsam-ytdn Mil., but chiefly when it is considered as the business of life ; rnal - O byor - rgyud, q^ldfd, Tar. frq. 2. often for rnal-Jbyor- pa. rnal- bydr-pa ^ftfa^, <fl'INl4 devotee, saint, sage, miracle-worker frq. - 2. Sch. also: personal, visible, essential (?) Tar. 201, 6. 22: bstdn-pa rndl-ma? II. often for mnal. <?^"J" mur-ba v. snur-ba. rn6-ba B., 1^'^T mon-po usual form, 1 . sharp, acute, edged, pointed ; rno-mtd C. dull, blunt; rno pyun-ba to sharpen, grind, whet Sch. (like Ka O d6n-pa~); rno len-pa to get sharp, to be sharpened; mo-pyun name of males. 2. this word is applied by the Tibetans to the chemical qualities of things, though not quite in the same way as we do, as they ascribe a 'sharp' taste to the flesh of beasts of prey, to the bile etc. Med. 3. rig-pa rnd-ba sharp, clever, shrewd, Glr., bio rnd-ba talented, gifted, dbdn-po mo-ba acute, sagacious. 316 |C" rnon Mil.? rnon-la O pog. aq. sna 1. (resp. sans) the nose, B.; in col. ^ language sna-mfsul, v. below; swae rws- j9a bridge of the nose, snai cag-krum car- tilage of the nose; skad snd-nas O don-pa to utter (nasal) whining tones Mil; snd- nas Jirid-pa to lead or turn by the nose; sna Q pyi-ba to blow one's nose. 2. trunk, proboscis, pdg-pai Glr.; gldh-wa v. glan. 3. a mountain projecting from some other mountain in a lateral direction, a spur Glr.; it might also be used for cape, promontory. 4. end, fig-sna the end of a string Glr., rdl-pai sna the end of a lock of hair Glr.] hem, edge, border, gos- kyi sna the border of a garment Cs.; esp. the nearer end, fore-part, ^od cen-po zig-gi sna - la foremost of a bright ray .of light (that was approaching) Mil] sna O dren-pa to lead, to head (a body of men) cf. mjug- ma; dmdg-sna O dren-pa to take the com- mand of an army Pth.; more indefinitely, like O dren-pa: to draw along, to lead, to guide, esp. with lam, to direct the way or course of a person, (having the person always in the genit. case); Q gro drug-gi lam - sna O dren as a guide he leads all beings Mil.; *cu-na d em-pa* C. to conduct water (by a water-course); to bring upon, to cause, v. below, compounds; rndg-sna O dren-pa to cause suppuration Med.; Idm- sna O dzin-pa to have taken a certain road Mil. In some cases it is difficult to ac- count for the signification, so: sna-cen-po Cs. a deputy; commissioner; sna-Un byed- pa c. genit. to shelter, harbour, lodge, take in, Pth., C.; sna (b}stdd-pa Lex., bddg-gi sna-stdd Jeyod-la re C's. I place my full confidence in you; *nd-do fog-ne* C., (?ndr- do gydb-te* W.} * gyel-ba* either: to fall by striking with the fore-part of one's foot against a stone, or by striking one's foot against a stone lying before one. 5. sort, kind, species, mostly with fsogs(-pa), W. with *so-s6*, diverse, various, all sorts of, spos sna-fsogs-kyis O debs-pa Dzl. to strew all sorts of spices over . . . . ; mam - pa sna-fsogs frq. ; less frq. sna-man Lex., sna dpag -tu- med-pa Glr., sna -f sad Glr. of every sort; rin-po-ce sna-bdun seven kinds of jewels; ddr-sna Ina five sorts of silk; also sna alone is added to substantives, inst. of sna - fsogs, or = rnams: sin - snai dud-pa smoke from different sorts of wood Glr. ; Jbru-sna smin-pa the ripening of corn Glr. ; sna-ycig a single one Mil.; cds-sna Tar. 166, 4 prob. is not so much a kind, as a part of doctrine, Schf. 6. mi-sna, blo-sna v. mi and bio. Comp. snd-skad, *nd - lead ton* W., he speaks through his nose. sna-Kun nostril. sna-Krdg, sna-Krdg O dzdg-pa a bleeding from the nose, sna-Krdg f cod -pa to stop it, cad, it ceases, it is stanched. sna- Krid guide, leader; the leader of a choir. snd-ga col. = sna 3. sna-gon trunk, proboscis Sch. sna-sgdii bridge of the nose Cs. sna-sgrd the noise made through the nostrils Cs., snuffling. sna-cu a run- ning nose, sna-cu O dzag mucus is dropping from the nose Lt. sna - cen Thgr. a demon (?). sna-mcu an elephant's trunk Pth. sna-fdg 1. a rppe passed through the nose of a beast to lead it by. 2. pro- boscis, sna-fdg or sna-mcu srin-ba to stretch it forward Pth. sna-dn prob. = snobs Med. sna-ydon bridge of the nose Sch. sna - O ddg (spelling?) W. snuff. sna- O dren leader, commander ;sdug-bsndl-gyisna- O dren one that causes misfortune, author of it. sna-ndd disease of the nose. *na- o* C., *na-pi* W., pocket-handkerchief. sna-bdbs the glanders Sch. snd - bo l. leader, commander, chief. 2. a guide, gom ysum tsam-laan snd - bo dgos about every third step one wants a guide Mil. sna- bug S.a., sna - sbugs Cs., nostril. sna- sbyon, sna-smdn snuff Med. snd-ma Lex. w.e. 7 Cs. = sna 4. sna-rtsd root of the nose Cs. sna - rtse tip of the nose. - sna-fsogs v. sna 5. ''nam-fsuF W., *nam- suP Bal. sna 1 and 2. sna- dzur an aquiline or crooked nose Cs. sna-leb a flat nose Cs. sna - sd the flesh of the nose ; the nose Cs. ; ma-sd sbyin-pa to suffer 317 sndn-ba one's self to be led by the nose Cs. sna- ysoy 'the hair in the nostrils' ; sna - ysoys 'the wings of the nose (alae nasi), together with the nostrils' Sch.; sna-ysor id. Sch. sna-bsdl Lt., prob. an injection into the nose. sna-ndm Samarkand Glr. sna-snem, sna-snem ma O dug-ci,y do not sit here so idly, without any particular object! Sch. " sna-sbrdn arrow-head Sch. snd - ma 1 . Cs. : 'the blossom of the nutmeg- tree' (?). 2. v. sna, com- pounds. J*^*, JT^s snd-ru, md-ro, = nd-ro Sch. sna y \. = rnay Cs. 2. also sndg- fsa ink, Indian ink, rgya-sndg China ink, bod-snag Tibetan ink, ce-sndy Cash- mere ink; *ndg(-fsa) lug son* W. the ink has run, i.e. a blot has been made. *nag-kon* W., *nag-bhum* C., inkstand. snay-fiy an ink-spot, a dash, a stroke, made with the pen. snag-pye ink-powder. snay-ris rgydg-pa to paint over with ink. 3. mig-gi sndg-lpags Pth.? sna ff( s ) = ma- ynyen, relationship by the mother's side; sndg-gi ynyen- mfsdms id. Pth. ; snag-dbon Lex. w.e. a&j-q' $ndn-ba I. vb. 1 . to emit light, to shine, to be bright; man-bar byed-pa to fill with light, to enlighten, to illuminate, O gyur- ba to be filled with light, to be enlightened, e.g. by the light of wisdom DzL; sin-tu mi-sndti-bai mun-pa darkness entirely de- void of light Dzl. 2. to be seen or per- ceived, to show one's self, to appear, e.g. blood appears on the floor Dzl. ; {pyi) sndn- ba fams-cdd Mil., pyi sndn-ba gan Jbyun Mil., pyi snun-bai yul Mil., snan-fsdd Glr., every thing visible, all that is an object of sense, the external world; dd-lta rgyu zig sndn-no now an opportunity shows itself Dzl.', lus mi snan yah ysuii sndn-ba ma- cdd-pa byutl although the body had become invisible, yet the voice continued to appear, to be heard Tar. 127, 11; it seems even to be capable of being extended to mental perceptions, the partic. being equivalent to imaginable; to have a certain appearance, to look (like), cad-pa Itar as if it had been suddenly cut off Wdn. ; snum-bcas (to look) greasy S.y.', O prul-du sndn-no it looks like sorcery Glr. (cf. O prul)-, mi-sndti-ba invisible, mi - snan - bar O gyur-ba to disappear frq. ; btsun-mo-rnams mi sndii - ba dan as their wives were not to be seen, were not, present DzL V, 17; mi-sndn bar byed-pa to make invisible, to efface the traces of a thing. 3. =yod-pa Lea:., sometimes in B., and in the col. language of certain districts; zes prdl-skad-la snan so it occurs in vulgar language Gram. ; zer - ba snaii it is said, dicitur, Tar. 34, 4, and in a similar manner 33,22; 34, 14; prob. also: to be in a cer- tain state (of health), in a certain condition, Situation etc., 6'.: *dhd-ta yhait ndn-yhin yo-dham* how are you now? *cag peb za nan* is the usual salutation in 6'., like our: good morning! or: how do you do? however, the literal sense of it seems to have been forgotten, as even educated Lamas seldom know how to write it correctly. The proper way of spelling it seems to be : pyag peb bzud snan, and the words hardly imply much more than those addressed to inferior people, viz. da leb son well, so you are come! well, there you are! Cf. gd-le. II. sbst. (3^*1, srreffai etc.) 1 . brightness, light, sndn-ba yod-pai dus-su when there is light, broad day-light Thgy.', fig. cos-kyi sndn-ba the light of doctrine DzL 2. an apparation, phantom, mi mdn-pos ded-pai sndn-ba O byun-no there is an appearance as of being pursued by many people, i.e. a phantom of many pursuing people Thyr. ; rmi-lam-gyi sndn-ba- rnams Miiy. 3. phy- sically: seeing, sight, bdag-rdn-gi sndh-ba ma dag-pa yin my faculty of vision, my sight, is dimmed Tar.; more frq. intellec- tually: view, opinion, sahs-ryyus-k-yi sndii- ba-la . . . yziys-so, mi-ndg-gi sndn-ba-la . . . mfon - no by the Buddhas he was looked upon as . . ., by laymen as ... Glr.; thought, 818 sndn-ba idea, notion, conception, c. genit., O di fams- cdd rdn-gi sems-kyi sndn-ba yin all these things are only conceptions of your mind, your fancies Thgr.; skyid-sdug-gi snafi-ba sar Thgr. ; Jcydgs-pai sndn-ba Jbyun Mil. ; bkres-sndn ye-med-par gyur-to he was even without a thought of hunger Mil. ; abso- lutely : *Kyod-di ndn-wa gd-ru tan son* W. where are your thoughts wandering? cos- la sndn-ba sgyur turn your mind to religion ! Mil; man - ba O gyiir - ba (TO (teTCcvoelv) change of heart, conversion (not to be con- founded with snail-bar O gyur-ba v. above). sndn-ba bde-ba pleased, cheerful, happy Pth. ; in some expressions it is equivalent to soul. Most of the significations mentioned sub 3 seem not to have been in use in the older language. Urul-sndn, O prul sndn illusion, deception of the senses, deceit, error Mil, Glr., col. ynyis-sndn the arising of two ideas in the mind, j-nyis-sndn-gi ring -pa hesitation, irresolution, wavering Mil. mfon- sndn i. the act of seeing, the sight, mfon- sndn-gi sprul-pa phantom, apparition, *fon- ndh de-mo* W. a sight beautiful to look at, *fon-ndn sog-po* of ugly appearance. 2. Cs. : manner or mode of viewing, point of view; yzigs-sndn id. resp.; Pth.: yzigs - sndn - la according to his (supernatural) intuition (with reference to a holy person). tsor-sndn the hearing, *fsor-ndn-la nydn-po* W. de- lightful to hear, pleasing to the ear. bar-man v. bar. ran - sndn one's own thoughts, ideas Mil; the own mind Glr.; ran-sndn Jfriil-pa an illusion of fancy Thgr. ; man-grdgs things seen and heard Mil. - snah-ston Mil. Irq., prob. not 'empty show, delusive appearance'ScA., but: things (really) appearing and (yet) void, one of those frq. instances, where two words of opposite meaning are placed together, dbyer - med often being added, as a tertium quid (cf. Kopp. I, 598). snan - ddg (nan - rtdgs, brtdgf? Ld. nan-stag'} col. the inward man, the heart, the SOUl, *nah-ddg-la sdm-pa sar son* W. a thought has risen in my soul; *nan - ddg cad son* now he has felt it in his inmost soul, this will have struck home sndr-po to his heart W. ; *nd-la nan-dhdg ma jhun* ('. I have not heard it, perceived it, minded it; *nan-dhdg ma jhe* C. , *ma co* W. , I was not heedful, I made a mistake! - sndn-ba-mfa-yds = ^od-dpag-med Amitabha, the fourth Dhyani Buddha. sndn-me v. nan -me. snan-fsdd v. above I., 2. snan-fsul 1. the outward appearance, of a landscape = scenery Mil.; 2. appearance opp. to essence, ynas-fsul Was. (297). snan-mdzdd v. rndm-par. snan-sds thoughts, fancies (?) snan-srid (Ssk. WTT) the visible, external world frq. snan-j-sdl shining brightlo, brilliant; cos-kyi snan-ysdl sgron-me the bright light of doctrine Pth. snaii-nor ral O drum Tar. 16(?). m dd-pa, pf. bsnad, imp. snod, to hurt, to harm, to injure, c. accus., lus sndd- nas being hurt in the body Dzl.\ nai rta snad ^gro or ^o/i my horse might be hurt Mil.; sndd-kyis dogs-te afraid of hurting him Dzl.; of horned cattle: to butt Sch. sna ?>s, resp. sans, mucus, snivel, snot, snabs pyi - ba to blow one's nose, snabs-pyis pocket-handkerchief; snabs-lug snotty nose, snotty fellow Sch.; snabs-litd, prob. also dar-sndbs Dom. = snabs ; be-snabs thick phlegm Cs. ; sndm-pa v. snom. sndm-bu woolen cloth; the common sort is not dyed, very coarse, and loosely woven; sndm-bu spu-can hairy cloth, napped cloth ; snam-prug, dbns-sndm Mil, fine cloth; ^go-sndm C. id. ; snam-sbydr Lex. a sort of loose mantle for priests Cs. *ndm-ya* W. trowsers. snam-yug, yiig- snam a whole piece or roll of woolen cloth. snam rc'ts woolen cloth and cotton cloth Mil. snam-brdg (U: *am-bdg*} bosom. snam-logs, snam-yzogs resp. side. ^j^. swar, terrain, of sna; S7iar-bkdb Wdk. fol. 464 nose- band (?) pocket -handker- chief (?); sndr-kyu guide -rope for camels, passing through their nose. nar-fdn n. of a monastery, Kopp. II. 256; n. of a philologist Gram. sndr-po, sndr-mo Cs. 1 . of a white or light red colour (cf. skya-ndr). 2. long, oblong, cf. ndr-mo. 319 sndr-ba sndr-ba prob. the original form of bsndr-ba. sndr-ma n. of one of the lunar man- sions, v. rgyu-skar 3. sndl-ba v. bsndl-ba. sndl-ma thread, silk -thread, woolen thread etc.; knitting -yarn, or yarn used for other purposes; also for warp, abb- yarn. snun -p a i pf- a d fut bsnun, 1. to prick Lz. ; to stick or prick into, e.g. a stick into the ground Mil., mfson a weapon Lex. 2. to suckle (cf. nu-ba, nud-pa), nit-ma or nu-zo snun-pa Pth., Lk, id. 3. to multiply Wdk. ynad snun-pa Lex. w.e , Sch. : 'to excavate the interior, to get or penetrate into the inside 1 (?). snub-pa, pf. bsnubs, fut. bsnub, imp. snub(s) vb.a to nub-pa, to cause to perish; gen. fig. to suppress, abolish, abro- gate, annul, destroy, annihilate, a religion, a custom etc. ^Vj- snum(-paS.(/.,-poCs.\ 1. fat, grease, ^ any greasy substance, snum-yyis skud- pa to grease, to smear; in C. esp. oil (W. *mdr-nay*), snum-zdd-kyi mdr-me a lamp, the oil of which is consumed; also fig., snum being added pleon. , e. g. Mny. : lus - zuns snum-zdd, and parallel to it: lus-zuhs zad Lt.\ rlan-snum raw fat, zun-snum melted fat Cs.; sol-snum cart-grease, composed of pulverized charcoal and fat Glr. 2. fig. of luxuriant grass or pasture, ri snum-pa a hill clothed with luxuriant pastures C. (cf. itig-ge)) snum-la jam-pa luxurious and soft Mil. snum - kon a little bowl for oil etc. snum-Jcur a kind of pastry baked in suet. snum-yteys, W. *num-ldy*, a wooden tablet, blackened, greased, and strewed with ashes, used for writing upon with a wood-pencil, thus serving for a slate. snum - can, snum-bcas, snum-lddn fat, oily, greasy. snum-dri a smell of fat. - snum - nay oil Kun. snum - rtsi a greasy liquid, oil etc. ; greasy, oily C. snum- pa vb. = snom-pa I. snur-ba, pf. and fut. bsnur, vb.a. to nur-ba, 1. to put or move out of nod its place, to remove, to shift W. : to move or draw towards one's self Cs. , so mdun - du snur-ba Zam. is explained by O fen-pa. 2. Sch.: to cut into pieces, to fracture, to crush, zib-mor into small pieces (to reduce), to powder; so it seems to be frq. used in Lt., though one Lex. explains it by O dds- pa (scarcely corr.). 3. Cs. to bring near = to shorten, dus a term, a space of time. Cf. brnt'/^r^-ba Lexx. sn ^(- m ) 1. extremity, end, sndl-mai Lex., of a thread, fdy-sne the end of a rope Sch.; hem, seam, ne-mo *ltdb- ce* W. to fold down and sew the edge of a piece of cloth, to hem; *ne-mo yydb-ce* W. to trim with cord or lace. sne- K6r to warp, to get twisted Sch. 2. sne-rgod, sne-dmdr, sne-fsod, mon-sne, sneu, names of plants. ^,- r - r snem-pa to shake, to cause to move Slightly, bsnem-byaisa-yzi a quagmire, shaking or yielding under one's feet Sch.; nem-nem bsnem-pa Lex., pf. bsnems. g^q. sno - ba Cs. = snur - ba, to reduce to ^ small pieces, to crumble. SJc- snod I. sbst. (inw) 1- vessel, snod- * spydd id., Lex. and col. frq.; yser- snod a gold vessel; pye-snod a vessel for meal or flour; cu-snod water-pot, pitcher; bu-snod uterus, womb, Lt. and col.; snod- Kyi fca mouth of a vessel, snod-kyi zabs bottom or foot of a vessel, stem of a glass. 2. in anatomy : snod dmy (the six vessels) are: gall-bladder, stomach, the small and the large intestine, urinary bladder and spermatic vessels (in the female: uterus); don-snod, the six vessels and the five don together, v. don 5. 3. with reference to religion v. sde, compounds. 4. fig. 1. in ascetic language denoting man, as far as he is susceptible of higher and divine things ; so already in Dzl. a man is called snod yohs-su ddy-pa a very pure and holy vessel; snod-lddn slob-ma a disciple eager to be instructed Mil.; snod-du ruii-ba one fit for, worthy of (instruction); snod-du med-pa unfit, insusceptible, rude, vulgar. ; ties-par Uys-pai snod mcoy, nes-leys bsyrub-pai snod 320 mcog a most perfect vessel of religion (most susceptible of etc.) Thgy. ; snod ma yin in- susceptible of religion Thgy., Tar. 2. in metaphysics: pyi-mdd the external world, or rather inanimate nature, pyi-snod-kyi ^ig- rten Glr. and elsewh. frq., opp. to nan- bcud, viz. the sentient beings composing it; so Mil. ; Sch. : matter and spirit. II. v. zfc snon rest, remainder (?) Dzl. Z^SZ, 4, *> Sch. Sji'^r snon-pa, pf. and fut. bsnan, 1 . to add, superadd, increase, augment, *la nan- ce* W. to add to the wages, to raise the wages; *)a fsd-big nan sal* W. please give me some more tea! ynyis bsndn-te two being added to them, (their number) increasing by two Mil.; mdn-du snon-pa to augment by a great number frq. non-ka, or non- Ka W., increase, growth, augmentation, and in a special sense: agio, premium; snon-ma, bsndn-ma, id.; *pun-non* W., *gyab-nori f 6'., dmag-fsogs snon -ma reinforcements, auxiliary troops. 2. to add up, sum up Wdk. snob -zog- can (spelling?) cu- rious, inquisitive, * nob -zog co- ce* W. to pry into, to ferret. snom-pa I. also snum-pa, pf. bsnums, fut. bsnum, imp snum(s); and sndm- pa, pf. bsnams, fut. bsnam, imp. snom(s\ 1. to smell, to perceive by the nose (cf. mndm-pd), snas dri-rnams bsndms-pa to perceive scents by the nose Stg. ; *da num* W. there, smell at that! *zi num-te dul-ce* W. to go about smelling and prying; *na cian mi num* W. I do not smell any thing. - 2. to grope, *m//n-nag-la nom-ne cin = nag-zitg-la nom-zin son* C., v. nag-zug. II. pf. bsnams, fut. bsnam, W. *ndm-ce*, resp. for ten-pa, O dzm-pa, fogs-pa, O cdn- ba, to take, relics from a sepulchre Glr.', to seize, to take up, the alms -bowl Dzl; to hold, u stick Mil; to put on, a sacred garment; *nam yin -no* W. would you please (to take), would you like (to have a cup of tea etc.)? e.g. brndb-sems snor-ba, pf. and fut. bsnor, to COn- found, mingle, mix, disturb Cs. snol-ba. pf. and fut. bsnol, 1. to unite, join, put together, fit together, bricks or stones in building W. ; Cs. to adjust; Sch. : to mend holes in stockings, to darn; to cross one's hands, bruit - /Jar, resp. fugs - /car, on the breast Thgr. and elsewh. frq.; O fam snol-ba to put together, to embrace Cs. ; ltd-snol-ba to look at each other, ^6-snol-ba to kiss each other, 'and thus frq. denoting reciprocity' Cs. (though not to my knowledge). 2. to wrestle, scuffle, fight, of boys, dogs frq., also Jlf7.; stag snol - ba a fighting tiger that rushes upon the enemy Ma.; to contend with, fight against, subdue, me, a fire Tar. fCTSJ" "*&& snrubs, snron, the names of two ^ ' of the lunar mansions, v. rgyu- skdr. ; Cs. sloping, oblique; Sch.: confusedly, pellmell: Cs. also mediocrity. brndg-pa 1. to devise, contrive, to take care, to be concerned about, to strive for or after, . . . zes ycig-tu brnags- pas striving only after (that one thing) Tar.; as sbst. brndg - pa cons keep (it) well in your mind, pay all attention (to it)! c. genit., cf. brndn-pa. 2. Lex. = bzod-pa, to suffer, to endure; bmag-dka intolerable, insuppor- table Lea:. 3. 6s.; to be full of corrupt matter. brndn-ba v. rndn-ba. brndn-pa 1. 6s. to attend, to look on attentively, Jbri-klog brndn-pa to attend while a person is reading or writ- ing. 2. Sch. : 'to be desirous of, to long for, cos -la for religious instruction, ltd -la for food'. With the first signification agrees a quotation in Zam.: ndn-tan-brnan, with the second the word *zd-nan-can* W., = zd-brnab-can. * brndb-sems Cs.: covetousness, selfishness; Thgy.: bddg-gi-la brndb-sems predilection for one's own things, }'zdn-gyi-lu brndb-sems desire for tilings brnu-ba 321 belonging to others; W.: *zd - nab - can* greedy, ravenous; *nar-nab-can* greedy of gain or money, covetous. |* bmu-ba, bi*nur-ba Lexx.; ( ' 8 - to draw to, to attract, (Sch. also: 'to remove a thing from its place?'), prob. another form for snur-ba. J" bmogs-pa to hide, conceal, bsndn-ba v. rndn-ba. *J* bsndd-pa v. sndd-pa. * bsndn-pa v. snon-pa. bsndm-pa v. snom-pa. bsndr-ba 1. to extend in length, to lengthen, to pull out, e.g. a piece of India rubber W. 2. to draw or drag after, to trail, mjug - ma Lex. the train of a robe, the tail etc. ; fig. to have in its train, to be attended with, nyon-mm'ts-bsndr the con- sequences of sin Sch. bsndl-ba to spin out, to protract Cs. bsnun-pa v. snun-pa. rj pa ] . the letter />, (tenuis), the French p. 2. num. figure: 13. j- pa, an affix, or so-called article, the same as ba (q.v.) which, when attached to the roots of verbs, gives them the sig- nification of nouns, or, in other words is the sign of the infinitive and the participle; in the language of common life, however, it is frq. used for the finite tense, and for par; affixed to the names of things, it de- notes the person that deals with the thing (rtd-pa horseman, cu-pa water-carrier); combined with names of places, it desig- nates the inhabitant (bod-pa inhabitant of Tibet); with numerals, it either forms the ordinal number ()'nyi's-pa the second), or it implies a counting, measuring, contain- ing (bu-mo lo-ynyis-pa a girl counting two years, i. e. a girl of two years; Kru-gdn- pa measuring one cubit; sum-cu-pa con- taining thirty viz. letters, like the Tibetan alphabet); frq. it has no particular signi- fication (rked-pa etc. etc.), or it serves to distinguish different meanings (rkan marrow, rkdn-pa foot) or dialects (M-ba B., *tfa* W. snow); pa dan with a verb, v. dan 4; in certain expressions it stands, it would seem, incorr. inst. of pail ys6-ba rig -pa science of medicine, grub-pa Iw structure of the body, dam-pa cos holy doctrine (of Buddha). q-c- pd-ta W. cross, St. Andrew's cross ? (thus X). pa-til v. pa-til. pd-to a medicinal herb Wdn. more corr - ^J5*> P a -tra (also pa-ta Pth.} Ssk., cup, basin, bowl (esp. for sacri- fices); beggar's bowl = Ihun-bzed. ? pa-na Ssk. = tan-ka Tar. 112, 6; in Bhotan 1 rupee Schr.-, in W. (also *pe-na*) a copper-coin = Paisa, esp. of foreign coinage. 1^6' pa-ni Hind. UHlfK water Lt. rj-B*- pa -ben a strip of wood, ledge, bor- 1 der (?) W. P a ( wa )~ sdns 1 - tile Venus. - 2. Friday. 21 322 pa-yag-pa pa-yag-pa a medicinal herb = smug-cun Med. pa-yu salt Bal. pa-yo-to-yo, *srog dan pa-i/o- td-yo tan-te son* Ld. for sroy dan bsdos, v. sdo-ba. fpd-ra-Ka W. cross (a straight one -j-)- 'pa-ran (spelling doubtful, at any rate not pa-ran) n. of a mountain pass, 19 000 feet high, between Ladak and Spiti. .^ pd-ri W., pd-ru 6'., B. 1. box, cylin- drical or oval, high or flat, of wood or metal. 2. pd-ru, also pd-tra Sch. 3. v. bd-ru. ' Tibetan priest that went to China. J'$JC^|" pa-sans v. pa-wa-sans. OTT OTTCT P a 9-> pdg-bu Bal., pdg-gu Dzl, |NO pau W., pag Glr., pau Wdn.: brick ; pdg-gu byed-pa Dzl. ; pi'bs-pag roof- tile 6s.; wd-pag gutter-tile 6s.; rdzd-pag, so -pag Glr. burnt-brick 6s.; sd-pag Glr. unburnt-brick 6s.; pag(-bu)-mKan mason 6s.; pag-rtsig brick-w T all 6s.; *pag-fsir W. a row or layer of bricks; frq. used as a measure = a small span, */capag-tsir nyisyod* the snow is as deep as two layers of bricks. - Not quite plain is the etymology of ^og-pag, Lea;.', ska- rags- kyi rgyan, Sch.: 'a girdle ornamented with glass - beads'; and of pag -por Sch. cup or vessel with a lid. pdgs-pa, Mil. also -po (cf. Ipags) 1. skin, hide; su-ba to skin, ace. to Schr. also merely to fret the skin; pdgs- pai gos skin or fur - clothing S. g. 2. foreskin, when the connection of words does not admit of a misconception, Miig. 3. skin or peel of fruit, the bark of trees, also pags-sun, and sun-pags ; *pag-fdg* C. bark- cord, match-cord; pdgs-cu anasarca, skin- dropsy; pdgs-cu-zugs affected with this disease. |C^" pan, fQ* pan } resp. sku-pd/i, 1. the bend or hollow formed by the belly and the thighs in sitting, lap, B., ('., W ; pan- du son he sat down on the lap of ... Glr. ; pan-Kebs apron ; pan-Krag the blood flowing off during child-birth ; *pan - big* W. uri- nary bladder; *pan-ri (for dri?) sun* C. she has the bloody flux; pdh-yyog-ma 6s. midwife (a kinswoman generally has to officiate as such; a hired one receives a new dress for her services). 2. the bend or hollow formed by the arm and the chest in carrying something ; bosom, usually pan- pa', sin-pan-pa gan an armful of wood; pan - par Jcyer - ba to carry (a child) on the arm Dzl. and elsewh.; sdon-po pan- pas ma Jlyigs-pa tsam zig a tree not to be encompassed by a man's arms Pth.; '^pan-god, pan-kod* W. an armful. pdn-ka, pdn-fca 1 . W! an implement for stirring the fire; for scraping = rbad. 2. Ts. = pan. pantsa, pan-tsa, seems to be the n. of a tree B., C.; Ssk. only: five. qr-q- pad -pa C. = srin-bu pad -ma, v. pdd-ma. -. CTff'jr padma , pad - ma Ssk. in C. 5j ' pronounced *pe-ma* 1. water- lily, lotos, Nymphaea, if not nearer defined, the blue species, whilst the less frq. form pad -mo (ace. to Glr. fol. 62) seems to denote the white kind of this flower. - 2. (not in Ssk., at least ace. to Wls. and Williams, though Kopp. II, 61 seems to dissent): genitals, of either sex, Med. 3. srin-bu pdd-ma leech. pad-koi\ pad- skdr 1 . a particular way of folding the fin- gers during prayer 6s. and Sch.; a certain gesture with the hand. 2. a kind of toupet of the women, also pad- 16 C., W. pad (-ma} dkdr(-do) 1. white lotos. 2. title of a celebrated Sutra, translated by Burnouf, Was. (151). pad-dkdr zal-lan an astro- nomical work by Piigpapa, v. 6s. time- table. pad-ma- can full of lotos; more particularly lotos -lake, with and without mfso Glr. pad-(ma dan nyi-ma dan) zldi ydan Glr. and elsewh., carpet with 323 pir representations of lotos, sun and moon. pad-ma-pa-ni lotos-bearer, name of Awa- lokiteswara, Kopp. II, 23. Pad-ma-Jbyun ynds, Sskr. P. Sambhava, also: U-rgyan- pdd-ma, one of the most famous divines and holy magicians, in the 8th century, from Urgyen (Ssk. Udayana) i.e. Kabul, who ace. to his own declaration (v. the fantastic legend concerning him, entitled: pad-ma fan-yig} was greater than Buddha himself, v. Kopp. II, 68. pad-ma-ra-ga Ssk. ruby. pdd-rtsa a medicinal herb Wdn ( pe-tse'ty. J*E* P a V(Ji-ta Ssk., Pandit, Indian scholar ^ ' or linguist; pan-cen great Pandit; pan-cen rin-po-ce, bog-do (Mongolian) rin- cen, title of the second Buddhist pope, re- siding at Tashilunpo, Kopp. II, 121. pan- za Pandit-cap. pan-pon (also pan-pun?') not con- sidered perfect in dignity, as for instance the Lamas in Lh., that are mar- ried ; yet cf. ban-bdn. T^. par I. form, mould, blugs-par casting- mould; rdeu-par bullet-mould; blugs- par, as well as sin-par, printing form, a stereotype plate cut in wood; par rkd-ba to cut types; rgydb-pa, par-du O debs-pa, to print, to stamp; par (-yig) Jbri-ba to write the exemplar or manuscript for print- ing. pdr-rko-pa, pdr-rko-mKan, cutter of types. par - lean printing - office. - par-rgydb print, *par-rgydb fsogs-se* W. like a print or impression. par - snag printing-ink. pdr-pa printer Cs. pdr- dpon fore-man of a printing-office. par- ma a printed work, book ; *di pdr-ma yan yod* this is also to be had printed. par- yyog a printer's man, assistant. par-sog printing-paper. par-yzi = par. II. v. par - ma. III. terrain, of pa, also sign of the adverb; combined with verbs, it represents the supine, or adver- bial sentences, commencing with whilst, SO that; mi byed-par without doing. "par-tan Lex., a hairy carpet Sch. par-pa-ta n. of an officinal plant Ned. par-bu Lexx., Sch. - pa-tra. par-tsa-sd-ti W. a kind of cotton cloth. pal-la-tu-la Hind, scales of a balance Sik. pas 1. the instr. of pa; combined with verbs, it signifies by, in consequence of, because; also as, since, when. 2. = las, as sign of the comparative; after vowels, however and the final consonants d, r, 1, bos stands in its place; rtd-bas Kyi cun - ba yin the dog is smaller than the horse ; Kyod-pas, stag-pas, rtd-pa-bas, sndr- bas, or snd-ma-bas ce, bigger than you, than a tiger, than a rider, than formerly; it rarely stands for the partitive: bu Ina- brgyd-bas ycig, or for las with the signi- fication: except, Mil. J" pi num. fig.: 43. pi-cdg ( Turk. ^ 'L>) large butcher's knife. pi-pi 1. Schr., Sch. fife, flute. 2. W. nipple, teat; *pi-pi nud tdii-ce* to suckle. 3. icicle W. longum, a spice, similar to black pepper, yet more oblong. pi-po v. pi-si. pi-tse skin, or leather bag for water etc. Lh. ^^pi-fsi, and ma-fsi, interjections of anger, Foucaux Gyatch. 3\S/C, transl. 292. pi-wun or pi -bait, Zam. = ^\ iy j, guitar, also </a-nyt.'n-pi-wan C., pi- wan rdl-mo Glr. =tfd-pon W.; pi -wan rgyud ysum a three - stringed guitar Stg.; rgyud-mdn a guitar with many strings Cs. ; sgrog-pa to play (the guitar) ; pi-wan- i, or pi-wan-pa a player on the guitar. pi- si (perh. from the Persian) cat, W. ; pi-po male cat, pi-mo female cat. pig-mo v. pus-mo. pir brush, pencil ; byug-pir large brush, for house - painting ; bead - pir small 324 pir-ba po brush or pencil for artistic painting, Chi- nese writing; pir-fogs(-pd) painter Cs. - pir-don receptacle or case for brushes. pir-spu pencil -hair. *pir-nyug* W. = bcad-pir; also for lead-pencil. pir-sin pencil-stick. pir-ba (spelling?) to crush, to grind (to powder) = mnyed-pa Ld. l-tse Ld. sieve. pis-mo v. pus-mo. pispal, ace. to 6s. Ssk., yet not to be found in Lexx., the wild fig-tree, Hindi: pipal. J" pu num. figure for 73. ri%' pu-ti milfoil, (millefolium), yarrow; 2* Lh. q-f*. pu-tri (Ssk. ipft, daughter), a eom- xo"* mon female name (perh. bu-Krid.') rrm- pu-sti, Glr.=p6-ti, book (perh. form- N? ^ ed out of pustak). Pu-na-Ka town in Bhotan. J* pu-byi v. spu-byi. pu-tse, pu-se, a little rat-like animal, v. bra and zlum; pu-tse-sel prob. = pu-fse husks of barley W.; Cs. bran. &***** Mil.) a district in Mna- n*^* pu-ri tube, any thing tubular and NS hollow, box of tin or wood, pen- case etc.; also=o?^-po the Tibetan 'shuttle; *pu-ri med-Kan* W. full, solid, not hollow, cf. pd-ri. ^'^"fV pu-ra-sa Ssk. man; soul; = styes-bu. q-q^'OT pu-lin-ga Cs.: Ssk. masculine NS I gender. CTft!* PU~I U hut, built of stones, like those S3 ""* of the alpine herdsmen W., (Ts. rdzi- skym*}; Kyi-pul dog-kennel. jqvfl' pu-su fence, Lex. = mda-ydb and Idn- ^y pug-ta (?) shelf, partition in a box. pug-ma Pu>\ collar-bone. pun-pa, pun-pa C., W. an urn-shaped vessel of clay or wood, for water, beer etc. (seems not to be the same with bum-pa). P un -P a W- *pun-ce* = litd-ce to run over. ''Ty pundarika Ssk, white lotos. j^- pur Cs. 1. steel -yard. 2. pur-yyis S v. O pur-ba. 3. v. spur. J(^" pul v. pu-lu. 3 ^fi' 3 ^ puskara Ssk. blue lotos. S sfc - b k - pus-mo, W. *pis-mo, pig-mo*, knee ; pis -mo sa-la O dzug-pa to kneel; * pig-mo tsug-ce, pi-tsug gydb-ce* W. id.; *pig-mo tsug-te dad-ce* to sit in kneeling (which is considered indecorous); cf. tsog. J" pe num. figure: 103. P e ~(d)k" r -> a l so be-kdr, pe-hd-ra. bi-hdr Lt., Glr., Mil, a much worshipped deity, v. kye-pdn, and Schl. 157. * pe-te-hor n. of a people Sch. pe-ne, pe-na v. pa-na. kan. pu-sel-tse a medicinal herb Med. pe-bdn (Pers. j^lj), graft, scion; *pe-bdn tsug-ce* W. to graft. -feam little, small, a little &?/*. pe-tse, pi-tsi, Chin, pai-tsdi, Chinese white cabbage in C.; of late also known in Europe. Hj'*; pe-ra a flat basket. pe- 8a , paisa, Hind., copper coin, not quite a half-penny. P^ n ~ t 86 a kind of wood of which vessels are made Cs. (= pdn-tsaf) po 1. sign of nouns, in like manner as -pa; it particularly designates con- -ta-la crete nouns and the masculine gender, frq., in contradistinction to abstract nouns with -pa or -ba, and to feminities with -mo; connected with a numeral, it supplies the definite article: litd-po the five (just men- tioned) ; ynyis-po the two, both, = ynyis-ka. 2. num. figure: 133. pd-ta-la (Ssk. iffa ship, ^ to re- ceive, hence: harbour, port; Tib. gru-dzin) 1. ancient n. of Tatta, a town not far from the mouth of the Indus. - 2. n. of a three -peaked hill near Lhasa, with the palace of the old kings of Tibet, now the seat of the Dalai Lama. (The spelling 'Buddha -la' arises from an er- roneous etymological hypothesis, and the fact of its being found even in Hue's writ- ings may be attributed merely to a thought- less adherence to what had become a cus- tom ; v. Kopp. II, 340.) j^ po-ti (ace. to one Lex. a corruption of pu-sta-ka, for which also the form pu-sti seems to speak) = glegs-bam, book (of loose leaves). po-tum Sik. large wasp. po-td C. bullock. v - mfo-po-tog. po-ld the well-known Turkish mess of pilaw, Hind, pulao. rice boiled with fowl; in Ld. however sweet rice, prepared with butter, sugar, and 'pating'; fig. bsdm- bloi po-la byed-pa to concoct and deal in plans and plots. P-l(n)-sd n n - f the moun- tains bordering on China Ld.- Glr. Schl. 21, a (where in the translation the word has not been recognized as being a proper name). pog-pw censer, perfuming-pan. pogs-ta v. pugs-ta. pod, pon, pon-to v. pod, pon, pon-to. pob C. castrated ram. JT po 325 Ts. = tsd-bai nad. j. pro. small turkoises, 1 or 2'" in size, "* strung together foi 1 finger-rings, v. fsom. T(&f) P ra (- m ) t's. ! lot; pro, O debs-pa to cast lot. 2. sign, token, prog- nostic; Sch.: pra Jbebs-pa 'ein Zeichen ge- ben, ein Bild darstellen'. pra - cdl, spra - cdl Lea;, w. e. Sch. jest, joke, fun, nonsensical talk; byed- pa to make sport, to play the buffoon; slon-ba to cause merriment; pra-cdl-pa, or -m/can wag, buffoon. jn*ar pra -It Sch.: hill-mouse (marmot?), hare(?); cf. brd-ba. P rat ^-offos an alpine herb, said to be very wholesome to sheep (so for instance in Purig); ace. to recent investigations, of little value. Ace. to Cs. = a-krori, but this is denied by the people of Lahoul. P ~ y a ~ y u S^-, n. of several kinds of Indian aromatic plants Med. P r 9-> ze ~P r< ^9 Le^., the crest Of acockCs.; prog-zu, brog- zu, sprog-zu cod-pan. dpd(-ba) (^, ^T), also spd-ba 1. bravery, strength, courage; brave, strong, courageous; dpa bsgon-ba Lex., Kon- ba Thgy. ; goii-ba, bkon-ba Lex., to despond ; to dishearten (?); sin-tu dpd-zi/i he becom- ing very brave Dzl. ; dpd-la stobs (yah gyad dan bnydm-ste being brave, and in strength equal to an athlete Dzl. 2. beauty ; beauti- ful. 3. W. taste, agreeable taste, flavour. Comp. dpd-can \. brave. 2. beautiful. 3. W. savoury. dpa-med-Kan W. taste- less , v. also Iddd - pa. dpa - cen very brave; a great hero. dpa-ddr = mgul- ddr, a piece of silk, tied round the neck, as an honourable distinction for some brave deed. dpa-lddn = dpd-can 1 and 2. dpd-bo, fV^? 1. strong man, hero. 2. demi- god. dpa - bo - dkdr a medicinal herb Med. dpd-mo \. heroine (more frq. than the masc. dpd-bo). 2. mka-gro-ma, Da- .kini Mil, Thgr., Glr. dpa-fstil Mil. = dpd-ba 1. sbst., ni f. OT1* 326 dpag-tsdd 'ST dpun-pa dpag-fsdd mile, ace. to Cs. = 4000 fathoms, hence a geogra- phical mile ; yet there are mentioned dpag- cen and dpag-cun, the latter = 500 fathoms. The word seems altogether to belong more to the phantastic mythical literature, than to common life; so at least in W. dpdg-pa \. dpog-pa. dpag-yyeits the bustle or tu- mult of a festival Ld. dpag-bsam-sin n. of a fa- bulous tree, that grants every wish; ace. to Pth. == tsdn-dan-sbrul- gyi snyin-po. _. jt dpdn(-po) witness, both the de- ponent, and the evidence de- posed. Fully authenticated are as yet only : lha dpdn-du O dzug-pa to call a deity for a witness in taking an oath, to appeal to Glr.; also: dpan byed-pa to bear witness, to attest, v. mna. More conjectural are the meanings of: blo-sems dpdn-du jog-pa Glr., or ran-sems dpdn-du O dziig-pa Mil., to be sincere, to be conscious of speaking the truth; dpdn-du O gyur-ba to be witness of, to see, to know (cf. spydn-du ^)})ur- ba)\ bden-dpdii Lis. as explanation of ce- bzi, witness or proof for the truth of a thing; *pdn-po log^pa zer-ces* W. to give false evidence (Schr. rdzun-dpdn). mi- dpdn (Ld. *mir - pan*} W., C., is used as syn. to dpdn-po (also Schr), 1. witness. '2. defender, advocate; mi-dpan (or dpaii- po} byed-pa c. genit. or dat., to defend in a court of justice; (dpdn-pos dpoii-ba Sch. seems to be unknown and doubtful). d P ails ne '9 nt ; dpdn-m in height Samb.; dpam-mfo Lex. high, cf. O pans. dpans-fsdd great heat Schr. (?). dpdr-ba v. dpor-ba. dpalSsk. *ft 1. glory, splendour, mag- nificence, abundance; dpal reg-pa- med-pa unattainable glory Glr.; yon- tan dii - mai dpal splendour of numerous ac- complishments; skyed - pai dpdl - la lons- spyod-pa enjoying the utmost happiness Glr.', frq. as an epithet, or part of the names of deities, e.g. dpal-cen he-ru-ka, and esp. dpal(-ldan)lhd-mo , dpal-cen-mo, Durga Uma, Kali, the much adored spouse of Siva ; O clod-dgui dpal the fulness of all that can be desired Glr.; dpdl-gyi dum-bu, AjTl^U^, ! sandal-wood. 2. Cs. a kind of syrup , prepared of bse - sin , used as a purgative. 2. wealth, abundance, Glr. and elsewh. 3. welfare, happiness, blessing, O yro-bai of creatures Mil. and elsewh.; kun- gyi dpdl-du O gyur-ba or sdr-ba to be (be- come) the salvation, the saviour of all beings Glr. and elsewh. ; dpal skyed-pa, yzdn-gyi, rdii-gi dpal to work for the elevation of others or for one's own. 4. nobility, dpdl- gyi yndn-ba privilege of nobility; dpdl-gyi ynan-sog diploma of nobility, dpdl-gyi ynan-soy-pa one having a diploma of no- bility Cs. dpal-lcydd Dzl. = dpal 1. dpal-rtiig majesty, full glory Sch. dpal- Iddn a man's name (very common). dpal- po an illustrious man, dpdl-mo an illustrious woman Cs. dpal (- gyi) - beu is said to denote the figure $fc &>' dpal - byeu glow-worm Sch. dpal -by or 1. glory, wealth, magnificence, as a man's possession. 2. W. strawberry; 3. a man's name (very common). ^J' dpuh 1 host, great number, fians fams- N cdd-kyi Dzl.; esp. of soldiers. 2. troops, army, dpun bzi the four species of troops: rtai, gldii-po-cei, sin-rtai, and rkafi- fdit-gi dpuii (or dpuii(-bu)-cuit) ; dpuii-(gi) fsogs, dmag-dpun, army frq.; dgra-dpuii hostilearmy. 3. (auxiliaries?), help, assist- ance. * pun -la tdit-ce* W. to send assistance. dpun-grogs, -rogs, helper. dpun-(gi) ynyen friend, protector, defender, assistant, frq. *pun-non* W. reinforcement. rq^'rj- dpUH-pa 1. shoulder, dpun-pa Kar >s on the shoulder Glr.; dpun-pa daii dpyi ynyis both the shoulders and hips S.g.; upper arm, dpun-pa-rkdn upper arm-bone ; dpun Jum-paSch. to contract the arm(?); dpun -pa -lag upper and lower arm Cs. ; dpun-pa-rgyun an ornament for the arm Cs. 2. sleeve, yos dpuii-pa-can a garment 327 dpon-po with sleeves 6s. ; dpun-pa-bcdd the part of a woman's dress covering the chest Zaut . : Sch. : dpun-bcad-'rds. rj?j- dpe, Ld. *spe*, 1. pattern, model, de- la dpe Glr., or de dper byds-nas Zam., taking this for a pattern ; rgyd - yul - nas rtsis-kyi dpe blans it was from China that mathematics were learned Glr.- . . .pai dpe mi O dug there are no patterns for . . . Glr. ; dpe ci Itar with what to be compared? according to what analogy? Thgy.; simi- litude, parable, example, mfun-pai dpe an example that may be followed, a good ex- ample; bzlog-pai dpe an example to the contrary, a warning example Thgy.; *pe zdn-po, and nem-pe pe* as well as *y ar- ia and mar-la zdg-pe-pe, or mar-pe* C. id.; dpe st6n-pa to teach or to prove by examples; hence the participle, used sub- stantively, serves as an epithet of the Sau- trantikas, Was. (112); dpe bsdd-pa, dpe bzdg-pa = dpe stdn-pa; dper rjod-pa to set up for a parable or comparison; dper-na, in later times also dpe - ni, dpe byed - na Mil. , *pe gydb - na" W. , 1 . (in order ) to quote an example, by way of a comparison, just as if, followed by bzin-du or Itar, very frq.; 2. like our 'for instance', e.g., before enumerations, where in the older writings gen. O di-lta-ste is used; dper ^os-pa Cs. what may be compared, dper mi ^os-pa not to be compared; occasionally also: worthy or not worthy of imitation ; Kd-dpe, ytdm- dpe proverb, adage 6s.; O drd-dpe allegory, parable S.g.; md-dpe W., Ld. *md-spe*, Lh. *mdr-pe*, pattern, (writing-) copy (cf. also md - dpe and bu - dpe below). 2. symmetry, harmony, beauty, (in certain phra- ses). 3. book, /crims brgyad-kyi dpe the book of the eight commandments Dzl. ; kd- dpe, ka-ttdi dpe abc-book, prituer; pydg- dpe resp. for dpe, if used by a Lama (cf. pyag-mfcdr') ; md-dpe, bu-dpe original and copy of a book 6 r s. ; yig - nag dpe a real book, not of a fig. meaning, as the book of nature, Mil.; dpe.rtsom-pa to write, to compose, bsu-ba to copy a book; O d6ys-pa, O fsem-pa to bind, to stitch a book. Comp. dpe-ka little book, vulgo. dpe- /, : d/'/ library; bookseller's shop. dpe-kri a table to put books on, book-stand. - dpe-mkyvd, Jtyud Cs. v. mKyud-pa. dpe- mgo, dpe-mjug beginning, end, of a book. dpe-sgdm chest for books, book-case. - dpe- ca not frq. in B., but vulgo the common word for book. *dpe-ca pe-ce, tum-ce* W. to open, to close a book; v. btum-pa. dpe-rjod v. dper. dpe - fd list of books. dpe-bydd proportion, sym- metry, beauty, dpe -b;/ ad bzdn-po brgydd- i-u the eighty physical perfections of Bud- dha. dpe-bydd-can well-proportioned. dpe-fsoh-pa bookseller. dpe-subs case or covering for a book. dpe-bsus copy of a book. dper v. 1. dpe-brjod \. ex- ample, comparison, dpe-brjod byed- pa to compare, to cite an example 6"s. ; dpe-brjod rtogs-paGram. id.(?). 2. paradigm, example Gram. dpe-sgra(?}, *(s)pt-ra* W., speech, for ytam; *(s)pe"-ra zer~ce(s), tdn- 6-^(s)*, to speak, to talk ; I'-zuc/ (s)pe-ra ma tan do not say so! *(s)pe -ra zer - ce(s) med-Kan son* he became speechless (with terror etc.). dper-na v. sub dpe. dpog-pa, pf . dpags, fut. dpag, 1 . to measure, to proportion, to fix, ytoh- tsul ce-cun-la (to proportion) the dose to the sizeLtf.; . . .kyif sad-las after the measure of. ... Lt.; nad-stobs-la according to the violence of the disease Lt.', dpag (tu) med (-pa), less frq. dpag-brdl, dpag -yds, im- mensely large, very much; fugs dpag-med infinite grace, mdzdd-pa to show Dzl. 2. to outweigh, to counterbalance, lons-spyod fams-cdd-kyis mi dpog-pa not to be counter- balanced by all the wealth . . . Tar. 3. to weigh, to judge, to prove, />'.s-.s?/, dpog-pa to examine Tar.', rjes-dpdg Zant. inference, conclusion. dpdn-po master, lord, over men (generally); (cf. bddg-po owner) master, over working-men, overseer, fore- man, leader, yi'd-pai dpon-po, director, 328 dpor-ba O go-dpon; *dpon-po-la cay pul dug zu zer, fug-sro ma kyod, na yon-Ion med* W. make your master my compliment, and he should not take it amiss that I had no time to come; Krims-dpon 1. prop.: superior judge, lord chief-justice. 2. now: high officer of state, prefect, = mi-dpon; mKar-dpon com- mander of a fortress; Jfrug-dpon general Ma.; O go-dpon v. go; brgyd-dpon centurion, captain; bcu-dpon corporal; cibs-dpon master of the horse, equerry; rje-dpon = rje; rtd- pa-dpon (sic) (cf. pa extr.) general of ca- valry Glr.; stegs-dpon(?) v. stegs; ston-dpon leader of a thousand (seems to be no longer in use); ded-dpon sea-captain; mdd-dpon is said to be in C. the modern word for general, and O degs-dpon the same as ston- dpon; however v. stegs; Idin-dpon v, Idin; spyi-dpon governor general 6s.; mi-dpon prefect; rtsig-dpon master-mason; rdzoh- dpon m/cdr-dpon; yul-dpon prefect of a district Wts.; ru-dpon something like co- lonel; sin-dpon master-carpenter; slob-dpon teacher, frq., also title of the higher and more learned Lamas, corresponding, as it were, to M.A., master of arts; ysol-dpon head-cook, butler. dpon - mo fern. , nai - mo yin she is my mistress Glr. ^standing under amaster or mistress. dpon-med free 6s. dpon-yyog master and servants, frq. Kon-)o dpon-yyog (princess) koh-jo and her suite Glr. dpon- fsdn physician Schr. and Sch. dpon-yig secretary Schr. dpon-slob \ . inst. of dpon- po dan slob-ma Ma. and elsewh. 2. title of the four independent rulers in Bhotan, the Tenlow' of English news-papers, ace. to the pronunciation of *pon-lob, pon-lo*. dpor-ba, pf. and fut. dpar, to dic- tate, Cs.; if por-tsom (jhe^-pa* C. id. rq- dpya tax, duty, tribute, Q bul-ba to pay, ' DzL, Jbebs-pa to impose Tar. 21, 11; dpya -Ural id., rgydl-poi dpya-Krdl Lex. ; likewise dpya-fdn Cs. dpydh-ba, spydn-ba, to suspend, to make hang down, prop. vb. a. topydn- ba, with pf. dpyans and spijans, imp. dpyans, ns, but also vb. n., to rock, to pitch (of a ship) Pth.; dpydn-la yton-ba trs. Thgy.; *gyog-can*, perh. more corr. *tiyog- cdh*, also *peb-cdn* C. sedan-chair, palan- quin; dpyan-fdg, O pyaii-fdg, cord or rope, by which a thing is suspended, e.g. a plummet, a bucket, a miner; hence fig. fugs-tjei dpyaii-fdg ycod-pa Thgr. ; cu-snod dan dpyan-fag sbd-ba to hide the bucket together with the rope Schr.; a rope-swing, dpyan-fag rtsed-pa to swing (one's self); dpyans, spydns-paipan, hanging ornaments, dar-dpydns silk ornaments S.a. dpyad 1 . v. dpyod-pa. 2. Stg. : an instrument to open the mouth by force; perh. also in a more general sense: crow-bar (?); dpydd-pa v. dpyod-pa. dpyds-po offence, fault, blame 6s.; dpyds-can faulty, blamable ; dpyas- med faultless, blameless 6s. ; dpyas O dogs- pa to blame Tar.; cf. O pyd-ba. ?&' dpyi (Cs. also spyi) W. *(s)^??'*, hip ^ Lt.; dpyi-mgo 6s., dpyi-zur, dpyi-rus, hip-bone; dpyi-mig socket of the hip-bone, perh. also vulg. = hip. dpyid (cf. Phonetic Table), spring, also adv. in spring Dzl. ; cf. also dus 4; dpyid-ka, *pid-Ka* W., id., also Glr.', dpyid-zla month of spring. dpi/is, dpyis pyin-pa Sch. : to come to the last, to arrive at the end; dei rig-pa O di dpyis pyin-pa sus kyan mi ses dgons - nas Schf. : as he reflected , that no body would thoroughly understand his arguments. dpydfi-ba, perh. primitive form of dpydn-ba. ^pT dpyo-ba to change Sch. rrjr-^r dpyod-pa^ pf. and fut. dpyad, to try, to examine, nyes-pa dan ma- nyes-pamnocence and guilt, right and wrong Dzl. ; dpydd-na . . . ma rtogs-so after ever so much investigating . . . they found out nothing Dzl. ; bye -brag -tu dpydd-pa ste having now been separately examined Zam.; sa-dpydd, or ri-dpydd yzigs-pa to examine the country, or the mountains, i.e. their general features, with regard to omens and dprdl-ba 329 span-spun auspices Glr.; sai dpyad bzdn-bar ses-pa to know that this examination will turn out favourably Glr.', *rin cdd-ce* (gen. written *bcad-ce*, cf. bcod-pa extr.) W. to tax, to estimate; gon-fdn dpyad -kyis (or -pas) mi cod Glr. v. cod -pa 2; esp. in medicine: smdn-pas . . . dpyad byds-te . . . zes dpyad byds - so the physician having tried, tried thus, (pronounced the following as the result of his examination) Dzl. 9Y9, 12; sman-dpydd byed-paio treat medically, dpyad ma-la bya then the mother (not the child) must be placed under medical treat- ment Lt.; Jbrds-kyis btsun-moi sman-dpydd byed-pa to cure (the illness of) the queen with rice Dzl. ; sman-dpydd-la mKds-pa to be skilled in medical science!)^.; ca-bydd dpydd-kyi ynas instrumental therapeutics i.e. surgery S.g. ; rtog-dpyod, brtag-dpydd, examination; rtog-dpyod rdb-tu yton-ba to examine very closely Pth. ; rtog-dpyod fon examine! Mil.; bzan-dpyod examining the worth of a thing. dpyod-pa-pa, and spyod-pa-pa, Ssk. 4JV*lf<J^i> an Indian sect of philosophers (the former of the two spellings seems to be more correct). rnorn* dprdl-ba (reap, ydans 6s.), *tdl- iva*, Ld. *srdl-wa*, forehead, dprdl- bai mda an arrow sticking in the forehead Glr.; dprdl-bai mig bzin-du 'like the eye of the countenance', to designate something highly valued (as the scriptural 'apple of the eye'); dprdl-bai pyogs-kyi fad drdn-na just before one in front Wdn.; fig. *tal- wa hdn-pa* W. unlucky; a luckless person. Sqq'SqOf dprul-dprul (or prul- prult}, i3 *& *tul-tul-la ton wa* C. to hang one's self. Ipags, as second part of compounds inst. of pdgs-pa, e.g. wd-lpags fox- skin, stdg-lpags tiger-skin ; sun-lpags skin, bark, peel, shell. ,, spa \. v. dpa. 2. also sba, cane (seems " to be distinguished from smyug - ma more in a popular and practical way, than scientifically) ; spa-skor hoop of a cask Schr. ; spa-lcdr Mil., spa-lcdy Mil., spa - her Pth., spa - dbyuy Lex. , walking-cane ; spa - gliii cane-flute Sch.; spa-til \\rnt, match, v. pa- til; spa- don or -Idon little cask, made of bamboo, prob. = gur-gur don-mo; *pa- bdr* C., W. torch; spa-dmyug or -smyug, cane Cs.; pa-sin Sik. strong bamboo sticks. spa -ma 1. juniper, Juniperus squa- mosa, and some other small species; cf. sug-pa. 2. cypress Sik. spdg-pa 1. v. spog-pa. 2. *fcdl- pag pdg-ce* W. to smack (in eating). 3. C., W. to dip, e.g. meat into the gravy; cf. the following. spags, resp. skyu-rum, 1. C. = zan (= *K6-lag,pdg-Ku* Ld.}, pap, esp. made of tea and 'tsampa'. 2. W. = *sa- rug* C.}, sauce, gravy, for dipping in (sops); *dam-pdg* W. mire, sludge. 3. food, dish, mess; W., C. *pag na so-so*. ^tr* span, I. also spdn-po, 1. turf, green- ^ sward, meadow, mdun-na spdn-po me- tog bkra in front a flowery meadow-ground Mil. 2. moss, also cu-span Cs. 3. bog, span-skon 1 . p.n. ('turf-ditch'), a large valley, with a lake in it, on the frontier of Ladak and Rudog. 2. span-skon pyag-rgyd-pa n. of an ancient work on religion Glr. ; span- rgyan a medicinal herb Med. ; span - can covered with turf; spdn-cu green mud Sch. ; span-ljons grassy country ; span-fan a plain covered with verdure ; span - spos Wald- heimia tridactylites, a pretty, very aromatic composite, growing on the higher alps; span-bog piece of turf, sod ; span-ma Med., Tfpej, blue vitriol; span-rtsiS.g.(t}; span-zun verdigris Sch. ; span-ri a grassy hill Mil.; span -yson a mountain-meadow Mil. II. board, plank, gen. span-leb Glr. and vulg. ; also a Slab, slate, flag Lh. ; span-sgo board or panel of a door Cs. ; span - kri Schr., *ti-pdn* Ld , *pan-ddn* Ld., book- stand. spah-ba v. spon-ba. spans, sometimes inst. of dpans. xtj" spad, only \npa-spdd father and children; " cf. the more frq. ma-smdd, Lex. '' span-spun brothers, relatives Cs. 21* 330 , rna-spdbs C. ear-wax; Lexx. also rnul- (or rdul- ?) gyi spabs w.e. spar for par 1. Sch. IFF spar-Ka, spar-Ka brgyad the pah kwah, or eight diagrams of Chinese science, ~ ~ etc. spar-ba I. sbst., also spar-mo (Ld. *^vdr-mo*^ ace. to the spelling sbar- mo) 1. the grasping hand, paw, claw, sprdn- poi spdr-mor spa-dbyug sprad he puts the staff into the beggar's grasp (hand) Lexx.; *wdr-mo gydb-ce* W., spdr-mos Jbrdd-pa to clutch, to scratch; spdr-mos O debs-pa Cs., spar byed-pa Sch., to seize with the hand, the paw, or the claws ; ydon fams-cdd spar- sad rgydb-pa Pth. to scratch the whole face ('combing it with the claws'); *sbar- ju* C. rail, for taking hold of; spar -mo O byed-pa, bsddm-pa to open, to close the hand 6s. 2. as a measure: as much as may be grasped with the hand, a handful (of wood, grass, earth etc.), *(s)pdr-ra yan* one handful, (s)pdr-ra gan do two hand- fuls etc.; spar-fsdd Ina-brgyd 500 hand- fuls S.g. ; sa spar - gdn Mil. a handful of earth. II. vb. v. spor-ba. spar -ma a low-growing shrub of very hard wood Mil.nt. (s}pi-ti Spiti, the valley, situated to the west of Lahul, watered by the Spiti river, belonging to the British Punjab, and inhabited by a race of pure Tibetans. ^TO* spin col. for speu. fspu, Ssk. ^fT^, 1- hair ( ( pilus\ cf. skra\ lus-kyi of the body in general, Lex.; mgo-spu, Jed- or ydoh-spu, mcdn-spu, O doms- spu (or spu-ndn Cs.), brdn-spu., hair of the head, the beard, arm-pits, lower-parts, chest; bd-spu the little hairs of the skin, frq.; rtd-spu horse-hair; spu O pyi or ytog the hair is plucked out Lex., byi falls off Dzl, fzob byed is singed off Sch., Idan, Ian Dzl, lon-yyo Mil., the hair bristles, stands on end; spu zin byed B., brtse Sch., *se-zin* W., a shuddering of I'ear comes over (me, him etc.) ; fams-cdd spu-zin byed-cin Pth. ; byad spits Kens- pa with a face all hairy G-lr.; spui llun-bu passage of perspiration, pore Dzl. ; spu nydg-ma tsdm-gyi ^gyod-pai sems repentance as much as one single little hair Dzl. 2. feather, byd-spu rlun-gis Kyer-ba a down (feather) blown off; feathers. plumage. Comp. spu-fca colour of horses and other hairy animals. spu-gri i. razor: also allegorically, as a title of books. 2. knife C. spu- can hairy. spu-cim(?) false hair Sch. spu-ja v. ja. spu-byi ndg- po, spu-ndgalsopu-byi, sable (furred animal) Sch. spu-ma hairy, carded (cloth). spu-me'd hairless. spu-ytsan-ma v. spus. spu-hrug short-haired Sch. spu-rdns Glr. v. pu-rdns. spue/ Lexx. n. of a precious stone Cs. Sjr spun heap, col. also for pun-po ; spuh- NS ba pf. and imp. -spuns, to heap, ac- cumulate, pile up (coals etc.); rin-cen spuns- pa a heap of precious stones Glr. s pud-pa to decorate; rgydn-gyis Lex. ^y spun 1. children of the same parents, >3 ' brothers, sisters, K6-mo-cag spunynyis we (his) two sisters Dzl. 9LP-, 17; ned spun ysum we three brothers Glr. ; /eyed bit-mo spun Ina-po you five sisters Mil.', pleon. bu spun ysum Tar.; spun yzdn-rnams his other (six elder) brothers Tar.; spun-yces dear brother! Chr. P. pd-spun, brothers and sisters of the same father; md-spun of the same mother; spun-zla, (js)pun-da, or -la 1. = spun; 2. in C. it is said to be used also for attorney, advocate; spun-ma sister, as a more particular designation of the sex. 2. in a wider sense: cousins. brothers- or sisters-in-law; grogs-spun mate, comrade ; cos-spun a brother of a religious order; pd-spun, pas-spun, several neigh- bours or inhabitants of a village, that have a common Lha, and thus have become * i rus- pa cig-cig'*, members of the same family; this common tie entails on them the duty, 331 spun-pa whenever a death takes place, ofcaring for the cremation of the dead body (cf. cos- spun) Mil. and elsewh.; mdza-spun friend Cs. 3. weft, woof in weaving. 3sTT-,q- spun-pa 1. sbst., also sbun-pa B., < 6'., sbur(-ma) Dzl., Ld., chaff, husks etc. 2. adj. a botanical term, description of the stalk of a plant Wdn. spub-pa, pi", spubs, vb. a. to Jbub-pa to turn upside down. x- spur, pur, also sku-spur, resp. for ro, 9 dead body, corpse, spur sbydns-pa C. to burn a dead body; spur-Kan house for keeping dead bodies, or rather, in most cases, the place of cremation; spur-sgam or sgrom coffin; spur-fal ashes of a dead body; spur - fsa the salt for preparing a dead body; spur -sin wood for burning a corpse. t^-q. spur-ba, vb. a. to O pur-ba, to make <3 fly, to scare up, to let fly; dus spur- ba to pass time quickly Cs. ; ston-spur ex- aggeration, bombast Cs. ST jr spus 1. goods, merchandize, ware, spus NS ltd-ba to examine goods before pur- chase Cs. ; *spus gyur-ce* W., *pu ^yur-wa* Cs. = *dal tson tan - ce*. 2. goodness, beauty, spus-can, spus-ytsdn, spus-bzdii, of fine appearance; spus-med ill-looking, un- sightly. 3. Sch.: for spos. MQ- fW speu, spiu, turret, on a castle or P3 ' *te gate yy^ ( ttog). High towers or steeples are seldom met with in Tibetan architecture; *peu gyd-can rin-mo*, mKar or Kdn-pa dgu-fog are the terms denoting such. " speg-sin Cs. : n. of part of a cart. sp6g-pa spen-tog, ornament, finery. SMT'n* spen-pa, yza-spen-pa 1. the planet Saturn; the proper meaning is said to be a broom, hence the sign for it is somewhat resembling that implement Wdk. - 2. Saturday. :_... spen-ma, spen-sin, n. of a tree, prob. tamarisk ; spen-bdd a parapet, formed of the stems of tamarisk and raised on the roofs of monasteries. xmrjT s pM ~ ba, vb. a. to O pel - ba, 1. to augment, to increase, nor the wealth Z/&c., bkra-sis the welfare ; rkan-^gros spel- ba to breed cattle Dzl. and elsewh.; *spel- gyud-la bor-ce* W. to keep cattle for breed- ing. 2. to multiply (arithm.) Wdk. - 3. to spread, to propagate (news, secrets) Dzl. and elsewh.; more emphatically: spel rgyds-par, or sgrog-par byed-pa to blaze about Sch. 4. to join, to put together, e.g. letters (almost = to spell); to mingle, to mix; spel -ma mixture, e.g. of prose and verse Cs.' ace. to Was. however, couplets, similar both as to metre and contents; com- position, combination, yser yyu spel -mat Kri a chair of gold and turkoises Pth.; spel- mai nor mixed goods 6s.; spel-gos clothes of various colours Cs.; spel-fsig Sch. : a com- bination of verses, poetry (?); spel-mar byed- a to mix Lex. spes edge, brim, border, Sch. Sr spo summit of a mountain, brag - dmar spo-mfo-nas from the height of Bragmar Mil.; rdo^rje-yddn-gyi spo-la on the top of Gaya Pth.\ spo-bo 1. (top, point =) bud Ts. 2. district to the east of Lhasa Glr. spo - to I. bullock C. 2. n. of a village in Panyul. ^" s s" spo-re v. spor. ^rq. spo - 6a, pf. and imp. spos, vb. a. to ^ O po-ba, to alter, to change; with and without ynas ( W. *sa*) : to change the place (of residence), to remove, to shift; also to transpose, transplant; min spo-ba to change the name Mil.; gos spo-ba to change one's dress ; mgo-lus v. mgo extr. ; to remove (an officer) to another station; to dismiss (a servant), W., also B. frq.; yzan micas -pa yod - na spos - pa bzan if another skilful (physician) is to be had, it will be better to dismiss (the present one); to alter, to mend, to correct W. ; spo-sa a place newly occupied by nomads Sch. spog-pa, pf. pags, fut. spa</, to remove and to bring near by turns Cs.; Lexjc. 332 spogs byed - pa to make profit, to gain money; tson-spogs byed-pa to gain money by traffic Dzl. ; fson-spogs-la O gro-ba Dzl. ; skyed-spogs interest (of money) ; spogs - su ytdn-ba to give money on interest Cs. ; *mi- pog lem-pa* C. to demand a tax from emi- grants or travellers. JT*fl* spon-ba, spdn-ba, pf. spans, fut. span, imp. sporc(s), (Ssk. ^^) 1. to give up, to declare off, bdag dan bdag-gir Sambh. to give one's self up and all that one has; sman-dpydd mi byed-par spon-na if he gives (the patient) over without even attempt- ing a cure Dzl. vS,l; to renounce (all pleasures) frq.; *kod-gu-ru span mi pod* he cannot give up Kotgur (his former re- sidence) or forget it; without an object: ydns-su spdn-ba (partic.) they (the Bodhi- sattvas) who entirely renounce Thg;j.\ to shun, avoid, abstain from (faults, sins, certain food) frq.; to reject = dor-ba: bde-sdug-la span-blan med between happiness and un- happiness there was no need to choose (sc. because only bliss prevailed) Glr.; spoti- bldn O dzin-pa zig-pa the cessation of every inclination and disinclination, or also, of every interest in choosing or rejecting. 2. to throw off, to drop, a letter, pyi-fseg (to omit) the dot after a syllable Gram. xj^-qr- spon - byed Vaisali , ancient town ** ^ } near Allahabad, Tar. 7, 5 and elsewh.; also Vriji, ace. to Schf. ^tr spod spice Med. ;spod debs-pa to season ; " ' spod-can seasoned. 3jr-j' spod-pa 1 . hermit, spod-fcan hermit- age Sch. 2. VOW, spod-pa nydms- pa one that has broken his vow Sch. spobs-pa ( W. also *spos-pa*\ l.vb. to dare, to venture, ju-bar mispobs- pas not daring to take hold of Pfh., also Dzl.9L&,\ %&2 16; spobs-par byed-pa \, id. 2. to enable, empower, authorize Cs. - 2. sbst. courage, confidence. IJSj'B}^; s pom-yor diffuse (in words), prolix, long-winded, byed -pa, smrd-ba, cdd-pa Cs. 'to say circumstantially'. 3fe. spor, spo-re, steel-yard ; W. particularly ^ a little one. $&'.n* spo-r-ba, spdr-ba, pf. and fut. spar, 1. to lift up, rdo-rje the praying- sceptre Dom.- (a hatchet) to fetch a blow; W. *sed spdr-la (or spdr-te) rgyob* swing (the hatchet) well and strike! *spdr-la con* run and leap ! cf. also nems ; to raise, pro- mote, advance, go - pan in rank Leu:. - 2. v. dpor-ba. spol Ts. for *me-me* W. (v. mes-po). $^T- spos 1. sbst. incense; bdug - spds id.; ^ less frq. perfume in general; byug-spos sweet-scented water or ointment; spossbydr- ba, sgrub-pa, also rgydb-pa and rgydg-pa Cs., to prepare incense, perfumes, bdug-pa to burn (incense); Jbyiig-pa to cover (with perfume); rgya-spos, brag-spos, span -spds, different kinds of perfume; spos-(kyi} re/I (-bu) pastil, long and thin straws being covered with an odoriferous substance, which generally consists of pulverized sugpa, and sandal-wood, combined with some gugul, musk and the like; they are made by the Lamas, and frequently presented to tra- vellers as an offering of welcome, spos-dkdr frankincense, = gugul dkdr-po. spos- mA : awperfumer. spos-cdg incense in pieces or cakes. spos-cu, resp. cab, sweet-scented water, diluted ointment, lus - la Jbyug -pa Pth.\ spos-cm cog- cdg O debs -pa Pth. to sprinkle with such water. spos-snod Cs., spos-por (also pog-pvr}, censer, perfuming- pan. spos-fson-pa = spds-mfcan. spos- yzdn basin for incense Cs. spos-sel (col. *po-sel*) amber. 2. vb. v. spo-ba and spobs-pa. spya-dnos Cs. = yo - bydd; Lexx. spyad-dnos and dnos-spydd, as ex- planations to ka-ca. spydn-ki Mil., Sa., -gi Dzl., -ku, -gu, Ku Cs., Lh. *sdn-ku*, wolf. (Wolves, where more frequent, as e. g. in Spiti, commit ravages among the sheep; but are other wise not much dreaded by man). spy ait-mo female wolf; spyan-prug young wolf; spyan-fsdn wolfs den; spy an - don wolf's trap (used in Sp.~); spydn-ku nu-ba the howling of a wolf Cs.; ce-spydn Lex., 333 spydn-ba Ice-spydn Stg., dur-spydn Cs., */c,yi-cdri* W., jackal. spyan-dug-pa Cs.,spyan-fser Med., thistle, or kind of thistle, mentioned as an emetic. xjr'CT" spydn-ba 1. sbst. and adj.; spydn- po adj., skill; skilful, clever, Leasx., Glr. and elsewh. ; prob. = ycdn(-po), q. v. ; sometimes confounded vi\i\Lsbydti-ba,sbydns- pa, practiced, expert; rig -pa spydn-bas rtsom-pa kun-la ojug Lt. the clever man finds his way in every thing; spyan-ylen Cs. the clever man and the dunce; Glr.: spy an ylen ma nor-ba cig byed dyos, prob. to be read O byed, and to be translated: then it must evidently appear, who is clever and who is stupid. 2. vb. = dpydn-ba. ^ spyad v. spy a. ^R'^T spydd-pa v. spyod-pa. XT?- spyan, resp. for mig, eye ; spyan byrdd- ^ pa, yddn-ba, to stare 6s.; spyan O gyur- ba \. spydn-pa', spyan O dren-pa, rarely drons- pa, resp. for O dren-pa, to invite, v. O dren- pa; spyan O pyi-ba to wipe the eyes; spyan btsum-pa to shut the eyes Cs. Comp. and deriv. spyan -kyug or Kyug eye-brow 6s. spyan-dkyus v. dkyus. spyan-bskyuns mdzdd-pa to protect, to pre- serve the eyes Sch. spydn-sna before, with, in presence of a dignitary, spydn- stiai grd-pa-rnams the scholars standing in presence of his Reverence 6s.; mostly in the termin. case: spydn-snar, as adv. and postp., rgydl-poi spydn-siiar Krid-pa to lead (another) before the king, frq.; rarely in reference to the first pers. : nai spydn-snar ^on they came to me, before my face (sc. Buddha's) Dzl. ; less corr. spydn-snar mdzes- pai skud-ris Mil. in front (on the fore-part of the shoes) beautifully embroidered figures. spydn-can having eyes. spyan-lcibs eye-lid. spy an-cdb tears, O byin-pa to shed; cor-ba to flow from; also to shed, rgydl- bu spy an- cab sor-ro Pth. the prince shed tears. spyan- dren one who invites, one that calls to dinner. spydn-pa Cs. 1. eye- witness; 2. commissary; 3. Sch. overseer; spyi )ipydn-d^l Q gyur-ba = dpdn-du O gyur-ba, to see, to know ; spydn-pa byed-pa to watch, guard, keep, protect, inspect Sch. ; bd-ylan- gi spydn-pa cow- herd (?) Sch. spyan- Q brds apple of the eye. spyan-mig-bzdn the western 'king of ghosts', v. rgyal-cen sub rgydl-ba. spyan - dmigs Sch.: 'the object of vision; the inclination of the mind'. spyan-smdn medicine for the eyes. spyan - rtseg the wrinkles of the eye- lids Cs. spyan -zur Sch., corner of the eye. spyan-yzigs, costly offerings dedi- cated to the gods, Ml; also applied to pres- ents of food, offered to men, Mil. ; O bul-ba to offer such; also O dren-pa. spyan-yds, Sch., without eyes, blind. spyan-rds, Sch. the brightness of the eye, a glance of the eye. spyan-ras-yzigs W.\ *can-re-zig*Cs.: *cen-re-sig or -sf, SsK. ^M^fehd^ the other (cf. jam-dpat) of the two great half- divine Bodhisattvas of the northern Bud- dhists, who more particularly is revered as begetter (not creator), redeemer, and ruler of men, and in the first place of the Tibe- tans, incarnate as king Sron-tsan-gdm-po, Kopp. II, 22. spydn-lam-du seems to be = drun-du, spydn-snar, Mil. and elsewh. tspyi, I. adj. (synon. fun, also dbyins, opp. to sgos) 1. general, relating to all, standing higher than all: *lim-pon h*, chief prefect, governor general C.; adv. spyi, spyir(-du), less frq. spyi-la, spyi-na, spyir- yyis, generally, in general, frq. followed by sgos(-kyis), Jcydd-par, in particular, singly; also like cum turn in Latin; spyi dan O dir, generally, and here, in this work, Wd?l.- spyii sdom, v. sdom; spyii Kog ji dan ji bzin-du (?) Sch. : 'according to general custom'. 2. all, C. ; Ihd-Kaii spyii bstan- srun Glr. 3. for spyi- bo, v. below. spyi-sgra Cs., general meaning, more corr. syra-spyi, Was. (294), general expression. spyi-yi-er, spyi-fer Cs., bald-headed. spyi-f6r gtsug-tor Lex. spyi-fda, property of the community, common property; W.: *pi-fog-ne ton* bestow it out of the com- mon funds ! spyi-gdugs, v. syos. spyi- pa, head, chief, leader, superintendent, Mi.; 334 spyi-ti spydd-pa, spyi-dpon, much the same, v. sgos; spyi- bo, l . (rarely spyi), crown of the head, top, spyi-bor Jcur-ba to carry on the head; spyi-bospydg- tsal-ba to bow down bending the head; zabs spyi-bor len-pa, frq., to place the foot of a superior on one's ow^i head; dei spyi-bo-nas byug-nas, pouring over his head, anointing him, Doman ; more frq.: spyi-bo-nas dban skur-ba, v skur-ba; spyi-bo-nas dban bskur-bai rgydl-po, the anointed king; spyi-glugs, the vessel used for anointing (resembling a tea-pot). 2. the end of a piece of cloth, dar-yug-yi, Glr. 3. name of a king of China Glr.; spyi-min common appellation: dkor ni nor- gyi spyi-min, 'rf/or' is a general word for property, Lex. II. often incorr. for ci, also dpyi. spyi-ti, a fantastic, mystical doctrine of Urgyen-Padma, feg-pa cen-po spyi- ti,- spyi-ti yog-brdai dkyil-tcor Pth.; ydii- ti, another of his doctrines. spyi-brtol, Cs.: impudence, imper- tinence, Sch. : lewd ; spyi-brtol-can, impudent; spyi-brtol byed-pa, to be im- pudent Cs. rjn- spyin - ba, pf. sp-yins, imp. spyin(s), the vb. a. to Jbyin-ba^ to sink, to lower, let down, dip under; cur, Lexx. spyin ( W. *(s)pin*\ glue, paste : spyin skol-ba, to manufacture glue; skiid-pa (Sch. also bddr-ba?) to spread glue on; *pin dan )dr-ce* W. to glue; ko - spyin, glue made of skins, nya-spyin, fish-glue, isinglass; bdg-spyin paste or rather a kind of putty, compounded of flour and glue; rd- spyin glue made of horn; sa- spyin, meat- jelly; spyin-por glue-pot. spyims (? cims}, Ld. = spyi; *cimsi min* = spyi-min. spyir v. spyi. spyil - po, 1. hut Mil., Pth.; rtsai, thatched hut Lex.; spyil- bu, id.; lo-mai spyil-bu, hut constructed of twigs, fastened together on the top, arbour: a cot, a mean house. 2. inmate of such a one, 6s.; also &pyil-pa, fern. -ma. pf. *pyugs, imp. spyug(s); to expel, to turn out, to banish; /////- nas out of the country ; yul yzdn-du Glr.; mfd-la, mfar into the neighbouring coun- try, over the frontier (v. mfa); when the place of banishment is named, the other- wise faulty spelling bciig-pa is allowable; fn- spyo-ba, pf. and imp. spyos, to blame, to scold DzL; cun-ma rtdg-tu spyo- zin, as my wife is always scolding; ces spyos-so thus they spoke in a blaming way, DzL; Cs. also: to mock, to ridicule (?). synon. yse-ba. WC"^" spyoit-ba = dpydit-ba. f-. r y spyod-pa, I. vb., also spydd pa, pf. spy ad, Ssk. ^j^T ^- = tyed-pa, to do, to act, v. fsdns-par, yet gen. with an object in the accus. to accomplish, perform, commit; sdig-pa, sdig-pai las, dge-ba, dkd- ba (v. dkd-ba), cos spyod-pa; mi-dge-ba de-dag spyod-na if one commits these sins Thgy.; bdag ci spy fid-pas O dir skyes, what having done, or because of which doing of mine am I re-born here? DzL; even like byed-pa = to be, mna-^og spyod-pai O bdns Glr., simply = subjects; rarely c. dat.: sdig-pa Jbd-zig-la spyod-pa, Thgy., dge-ba bcu-la, DzL, denoting a habitual doing; cf. zd-ba. 2. to treat, to deal with, zas-skom leys-par spyod-pa, (to deal with) food and drink in the right manner S.g. ; gen. with the dat. : zih-la lhv-ru spyad, the fields were disposed of in lots, divided Glr.; hence gen. to use, to make use of, to employ, to enjoy: bci-glan nyin-par to use an ox du- ring the day (for ploughing) DzL ; yun-riii- dus-su bde-bar spyad /cyan, even if one has long and in tranquillity used, enjoyed (this world's goods), Thgy.; so frq. with Ions: lons-spyod-pa; to have for a sphere of acti- vity, v. mftd-spyod, sd-spyod, sa-^dg-spyod; also a euphemism for sensual indulgence : bud-med-la spyod-pa to use, to cohabit with, a woman, DzL; mi-riys-par or log- par, to violate (a woman) Thgy. & others; dga mgur spyod-pa, of a like meaning; the 335 spyod-pa-pa other synonymous phrases: O dod-I6g spyod- pa, mi ^.os-pai spyod-pa byed-pa, Glr., nydl- po, cdgs-pa, Jmg-pa spyod-pa, belong by their construction properly to 1; so also: bud-med brgya spyod nus he can get done with a hundred wives, Lt. II. sbst. 1. action, practice, execution, opp. to ltd-ba, theory, esp. in mysticism, v. sf/om- pa. 2. activity: spyod-pa sin-tu dog-par gyiir-to they were much restrained, nar- rowly watched Glr.; sems-kyi spyod-pa seems to be: faculty of mind, Wdn. 3. way of acting, conduct, course of life, = spyod- lam; byan-cub-sems-dpaiiY(\ ; iidn-ornyes- spyod bad actions, bzdn- or legs-spyod good actions 6s.; spyod-pa zib-pa, 'the strict', a monastic order Pth.; behaviour, deport- ment, frq. : spyod-pa rtsin-ba, rude, rough, in manners Glr. ; spyod-pas skdd-cig kyan mi fsugs, of an extremely variable conduct (lit. not for one moment the same) Glr. Comp. spyod- gros gait and deportment Mil. spyod-ndn = ndn-spyod, spyod-ndn byed pa. spyod-fsul, Sch. = spyod-pa II. spyod-yul, sphere of activity; kun-gyi spyod- yul O di ma lags, that is not a thing to be attempted by every body Mil.; mfon-bai spyod-pa range of vision Tar.', cf. aft -4^. - spyod -lam, i. demeanour, deportment, mode of life frq.; 2. good behaviour, grace- ful demeanour, noble deportment; other- wise spyod-pa mdzes-pa; hence spydd-pa dan Iddn-pa, spyod-lddn of genteel manners Dzl. ; spyod-pa dan mi Iddn-pa Dzl., *cod- ndn-can* W., *co-l6g jhe-Hen*, C. rude, unmannerly, ill-bred, disobedient. :\.M,-<i.: diet, and more particularly bodily exercise; zas- spyod, food and exercise. 4. attitude: spyod- lam rnam-bzi the four attitudes of sitting, lying, standing and walking. ^re*J"CJ" spyod-pa-pa v. dpyod-pa, extr. ^|r*qr* spyod-pad or dpyod-pdd (spelling ^ not quite certain), pronunc. : * co- pe*, lemon, citron C. spyon-pa, rarely for O byon-pa. spydm~2Ja, pf. spyoms, to boast, to exhibit with ostentation, e.g. virtues, spri-sti-ma-rdza-ya f (the Greek xavyaodai}. Notwithstanding the detailed explanations of the Lexx., the word is after all so little known, that I never met with it in books, nor heard it used by the people. spyoms, sbst., self- praise, boasting Zam. spra, monkey. Mil., prob. the large dark- gray, long-tailed monkey of the southern Himalaya; sprd-mo; spra-prug. spra-cdl v. pra-cdl; spra-tel v. til-pa. sprd-ba, I. sbst. W. *srd-wa*, spunk, German tinder, prepared of the fibres of a thistle (Cousinia); spra-mc, glowing tinder, Pth. ; pyi ni sprd-ba dkdr-por yyoys, white-nappy, as a botanical term, Wdn., the colour of the tinder, referred to, being a light gray; sprd-bai fog-gu a medicinal herb Wdn. II. vb. pf. spras, imp. spros, 1. to adorn, to decorate: rgydn-yyis frq., mfsdn-dpes Mil. and elsewh. 2. yces spras, Le^c.f sprd-ba byed-pa to love, to caress. 3. perh. iden- tical with *srd-ce(s^, to empty (a dish). 4. spra Jcrid-pa to lead, to direct right. - Cf. also ytsan sprd-wa. spra-fsil, Med., C. wax ( W. "mum*). $pj"]* sprdg-pa v. sbrdg-pa. w^-q- sprdn-ba, 6s., to beg; (the verb I never met with, and Zam. explains the sbst. only by nor-med); sprdn-po, beg- gar, Dzl., Glr., frq. ( Wte. 'filou', rather bold, though not far from the truth); * tan-Ion* C., id.; sprah-rgdn Mil, an old beggar; rdzus-mai sprdn-po a sham-beggar Glr.', spran-priig beggar boy; spran-bdn men- dicant friar Glr. ; spran-zds beggar's live- lihood Mil ; dfcar-spran begging for lenten food, also such food obtained by begging, v. dkar-zds-, skyur-sprdn begging for beer Mil. *J' sprdd-pa v. sprod-pa. s * ' si-Zen, n. of the em- peror of China, during whose reign Bud- dhism was introduced into that country, 336 spri-ma Glr. ; ace. to Chinese accounts: Ming-ti, 58 76 after Christ. tt- spri-ma, spris-ma, sris-ma, W. *sri*, cream, and other fatty substances, ga- thering on the surfaces of fluids; ^6-mai spris, Lt., zo(i) - spi*is , Wdn.; gen. ^.o-sri, cream (of milk); fug-spri, the greasy sur- face of soup; ditto of urine Med. f. sprins, to send a message, to give information, to send word ;prin, tidings DzL ; zes sprin -no so I send him word DzL tj. sprin, *tin*, Ld. *srin*, Bal. *spin*, cloud, also as an emblem of transito- riness frq.; *srin tigs, 1,'or*, W., clouds are spreading; sprin-gyi yseb-nas from between the clouds Glr.; glog-sprin thunder-cloud Glr.; cdr-sprin rain-cloud; jd-sprin cloud tinged with rainbow colours Pth.; mig- sprin v. this; Iho-sprin a southern cloud, picturesque expression, the clouds in Tibet generally coming from the south Mil.; sprin- skyes lightning; sprin-dmdr clouds redden- ed by the sun, morning or evening red; sprin-pun, sprin- fsogs, an accumulation of clouds; sprin-yyi po-nya the messenger of the clouds, Meghaduta, a poem by Kalidasa Tar. spribs-pa to be hungry Sch. >T spris-ma v. spri-ma. sprit -ma, 6s., hellebore; spru-dkdr, -nag Med. sprug-pa, pf. and imp. sprugs, *fug- pa*, W. *srug-ce* to shake, to shake off, to beat out, rdul dust; to stir up, rdul- fsub, to raise, whirl up dust; Itis sprug-sil- ba, lus sprug-sil byed-pa Glr., to shake one's self (used of horses); fig. nus mfu rtsal sprug-pa, to strain every nerve, to work with might and main Pth. ; to shake about, to stir up (synon. *srul-ce, rum-ce* W.) ; 6s. also: to rub, to scratch, to brush?? SMJ'q* sprM-ba C c ^ O prul-ba'), to juggle, to make phantoms (spri'd^pa) appear, to change, to transform (one's self), which ac- cording to the doctrines of Buddhism is the sprul-ba highest acquisition of any man, that by his own holiness has assumed divine nature, viz. as long as he is capable of acting, not having yet been absorbed into the blessed state of nothingness. This power of trans- formation on the part of the Buddhist is the evidence of what he understands by di- vine omnipotence; but as this conception is a mere product of fancy, it varies in its import. On the one hand it is opposed to reality, dnos; thus e.g. beings, whom no Buddha could convert through his personal agency, sku-dfios-kyi sgo-nas, are converted (ace. to Pth.) sprul-pai tdbs-kyis. Frequently Buddha avails himself of jugglery, rdzu- fit'd ston, converting thousands of beings in a trice, DzL &> elsewh.; further: drdg-poi sprul-pa byds-pa yin Glr., T caused ter- rifying phantoms to appear, viz. the spec- tral bodies of executed culprits, in order to scare the rude Tibetans into the way of virtue. From the foregoing it is evident that the term in question by no means conveys the scriptural idea of a creative and mira- culous power; the Tibetan, however, when he becomes acquainted with Christianity, is always apt to substitute his sprul-pa or rdzu- Q prul, and sprul-ba for it. On the other hand, a real and material existence is as often attributed to a sprul-pa, when it de- signates the incarnate and embodied per- son, the Avatara of a deity, (Mongol. Chu- bilgan), who like any human being is ca- pable of acting, and exerting an influence on the material world around him, or of suffering by it, without any docetic admix- ture. Occasionally it is also to be translat- ed by emanation: ydn-sprul, emanation of the second degree, i.e. one emanation going forth from another; nyin-sprul or ysum- sprul, an em. of the third degree Pth.; sprul- pa O gyed-pa, to let emanations go forth, Lexx. Further: spr id-pa mkyen-pa, to be an adept in the art of sprul-pa, i. e. witchcraft, Glr.; ri ynyis sprul-te produ- cing two mountains by magic, DzL ; ... mfo- ba . . . bzugs-pa sprul-nas, changing himself into a high enthroned person, DzL; dge- 337 spre sloii 7-#M, transforming himself into a friar, DzL frq. ; dud- gro fsim-par sp)*ul-ba, to satiate animals by fictitious food Dzl.\ fams- cdd sprul-par O dug-pa, these were all meta- morphoses, mocking phantoms, Glr. ; sku- liis-kyi sprul-pa brgya-rtsa-brgydd mdzdd- de or sprul-te, to centuple one's self, Glr. sprul-pai rgydl-po, the phantom-king, viz. Buddha, Avalokitesvara, or some other di- vine person, incarnate as a king; gan-la- gan- dul-gyi sprul-pa, all-converting Ava- tara, frq. v- spre, gen. sp)-eu, rarely sprel (Ld. *sreu', *J spriu*) monkey, of a grayish yellow brown, common in the forests of the southern Himalaya, (cf. spra); sometimes a distinc- tion is made between spre and spra, in which case the former is the long-tailed monkey. spre-mo, female monkey, Cs. ; yet also spreu zdr-ma, a blind female monkey, Dzl ; spre-pri'ig, young monkey. spre-rised, apish tricks; foolery. fq- spro-ba I. vb. pf. spros, prop, the tran- sitive of O pr6-ba to make go out, to disperse, to spread; gen. however intransi- tive: 1. to go out, to proceed, to spread, of rays of light, of the wind, Wdn. 2. fig. to enlarge upon, by way of explaining, repre- senting, Zam., Pth.-, ycig-las spros-pa, Was. (115), enlarging (proceeding) from the num- ber one in an ascending progression of num- bers; rndm-par spros-pa, to have come to a full development and restoration from the consequences of sins, Stg. II. 1. vb. (pf. unaltered), to feel an in- clination for, to delight in: dye-ba-la,in virtue, Dzl. ; bijd-ba ydn-la yah spro-ba cun, feel- ing little inclination for doing any thing, Tfigy. ; bsdd-par spro-ba su yan ma byun, none was found that had a mind to kill, Stg.; so also Tar.-, to be willing, to wish, Tar.', in an absolute sense: sems, or resp. fugs, spro-bar O gyi'ir-ba, to get cheerful, merry, Mil. 2. sbst. joy, cheerfulness: spro-ba skyed-pa, to feel joy, pleasure, Dzl. and elsewh.; spro-ba skye-bai pyir-du, for an encouragement, for a comfort, Glr. ; spro- sin-ba Sch., great, joy (cf. sin'); spro-siu-ge- spros-pa ba, Sch. } to one's wish(?); spro si-ba, Sc/i.. 'not to be joyful', lit. the cessation of joy; spro fun-ba, 'short cheerfulness', i.e. a passi- onate disposition; or as adj. passionate, iras- cible, Wd/i.; dga-spro, joy, dga-spro dpag- tu-med-pa fob, he got into a most cheerful humour, Mil. *to-Kdn*,C., pleasure-house, summer-house, pavilion ; spro-sems and (Ld.~) *spro-ses, sro-ses*,^oy; spro-sems, Thgy. also youthful joy, alacrity, cheerfulness in work- ing, readiness to act. sprog-ma; Sch. spds-kyi sprdg-ma, little box for frankincense. sprdg-zu v. prog. *T sprdd-pa, secondary form sprad, the vb. a. of prod-pa (by the illiterate it is often used for ytod-pa, not very current in common life) 1. to bring together, to put together, to make to meet: nai bld-ma-la sprdd-do, we will bring you together with our Lama, Mil ; so also resp ynyis zal sprdd mdzdd-pa; in another passage de dan zal-sprod-du bzugs-sin prob. means sitting exactly opposite to one another, (a whimsi- cal idea, relative to two idols many miles distant from each other; possibly it should be read ytod-du); bddg-cag sprdd-cig, bring about a meeting between our two parties! DzL; yyul or fab-mo, to commit a battle; rdl-Jca, Ma., to put the edges of the swords together, prob. meaning the same; mfeb sprdd-pa, to put the finger to the bow-string, Glr. ; *ldg-to feb-to kdl-wa*, to suspend by the thumb and big toe, a kind of torture in C. (The special meaning: to cohabit, Cs , never came to my notice). 2. to deliver (a letter, message) Pth.; spdr-mor, Idg-tu, Lex., to put into one's hand ; to set, to put, to propose, *gyugs, Idem*, a task, a riddle, W.; to pay (cf. O prod-pa"), pyir sprod-pa, to repay. Moreover: nd-sprod-pa, to ex- plain, don dan sprdd-pa seems to signify the same in Mil., Pth.', brdd-sprod-pa, to explain, to describe v. brda; brda-sprdd, ibid, seems to denote grammar. sprds-pa. 1. pf. v. spro-ba I. 2. business, employment, activity; Cs.: 22 338 5J pa l spros - pa - can, busy, employed, occupied; spros-bcas, id. ; cos-kyi and Oi )^ - rte'w - $?/?' spros-pa, spiritual and secular business'; Sch. : 'spros kun, all affairs' ; I met only with spros-pa med-pa or cod-pa, or spros-brdl, denoting the state of an absolute inactivity, such as belongs to Buddha in the state of cos-sku, (v. sku 2) Pth., Mil. pa 1. the letter^?, aspirate, the English p in pass. 2. num. figure: 14. 5j- pa I. vulgo tT5J', l^T^T, cr-pa, a -pa, (Cs. also l^J'^' a-ta) 1. father, resp. yob (yet also pa is used, e.g. when Milaraspa is addressed by his female disciples, as well as in prayers to defunct saints Mil.} 2. a male, not castrated, animal (vulg. likewise a-pa). Comp. pa-gldn bull. pa-rjes-bu, Sch., a child born after its father's death. pa-rtd, stallion. *pa- nor*, patrimony C., W. pa-spdd (Sch. also pad) \. spad; pa-spun v. spun. pa-pdg, boar. pa- md, parents, pa-md-la gus-pa, Stg.', *pa- ma-med-fcan*, W., orphan; also father or mother, parent; pa-md-ycig-pa, brothers and sisters born of the same parents. - pa-min, relations on the father's side; btsun- moi pa-min b6s-so, Glr., he invited the re- lations of his wife's father; pa (dan) mes (-po), ancestors ; pa-mes si-bai don-du, for the (defunct) ancestors, Wdn.; pa-fsdb 1. foster-father, guardian, Sch. 2. father to a country (?). pa-fsdn, Mil. 1. cousin by the father's side (patruelis) C. 2. also=/5a- spun (?). pa-yzi = *pa-nor*, C. pa-ydii, Sch., step -father; pa-yul, fatherland, native country, frq.; pa-yul-la cdgs-pa or sreg-pa, love of country. pa-yydg, yak- bull. pa-yydr, step-father, foster-father, Cs. pa-rd, he-goat, buck. II. root for the terms: beyond, onward, farther on ; pd-ga, the opposite side ; cu pa- gar fon-nas, to get to the opposite bank or shore, Mil. (not frq.). pd-gi, 1. that which is on the other side, Sch. 2. C., also Pth., Mil.: yonder; pd-gii ri de, that moun- tain yonder, Pth. 3. col. : he. pd-gir, there, thither. pd-nos=pd-rol, pd-rol-tu Lh. jjd-mfa, the other end, the other boun- dary, Cs.', pa-mfa-med, without boundary, endless, 6s. pa-^pyogs C. = pd-ga. pa- fsdd, pa-zdd, distance; pa-fsdd cig-na, at a small distance (from the town), Pth.; de- nas pa-zdd cig-na, a bit farther on, Dzl.; pa- f sad cig-tu O ton-nas, stepping a little aside, Pth. ; pa-zdd O gro-ba, to go on, Dzl. frq. pa-ri the mountain on the other side. pd-rol, in B. very frq. l.the other side; opposite side, counterparty. 2. for pd- rol-pa, -na, -tu v. below; pd-rol-tu, over to the other side, skyel-ba, to carry, pyin- pa, to get to the other side, esp. in re- ference to the Mahayana doctrine of crossing the stream of time to the shore of rest, of Nirwana; gen. as sbst.= TJTTf'TTn: means of crossing (Was. perfections, Kdpp. cardinal- virtues); gen. six of them are reckoned: sbyin-pa, fsiil-Krims, bzod-pa, brtson- grus, bsam-ytdn, ses-rdb; sometimes only five, at other times even ten, by adding fobs, smon- lam, stobs, ye-ses', sbyin-pai, ses-rdb-kyi pd- rol-tu pyin-pa, to have stepped over or crossed by means of beneficence, wisdom etc. (or more naturally: to have got to the end of beneficence etc., to have fully achieved, accomplished it; sbst. the full accomplish- ment of etc.). pd-rol- na, adv., on the other side; postp. e. gen. beyond, behind, with regard to space, Sambh.; extending pd-gu 339 P a 9 beyond, both as to the future and the past, e. g. bskdl-pa grdns-med-pai pd-rol-na, in- numerable Kalpas ago, frq.; pd-rol-pa, l. one living on the other side. 2. also po, enemy, adversary, pd-rol-pai rgydl-po, pd- rol-pai dmag, pd-rol-gyi dmag-fsogs, the hostile king, hostile army; pd-rol ynon-pa, to vanquish the enemy; pd-rol-gyis mi fsugs-par ^yur-ba, not to be molested by the enemy. 3. also po, the other; the neigh- bour; pd-rol-gyi Un-pa, to take away the neighbour's property; pd-rol-gyi rdzas, yo- bydd,nor,Stg.; patrol ynon-pa, Tar. 12,20: excelling others, Sclif. exceedingly. Of. also par and pan II. w pd-gu, Sch. wall; edge, border; in two NO passages of Glr. the latter meaning does not suit at all, and the former not well; rather: tile; v. pag. . pd-tin , W. , sweet dried apricots, in C. *na-ri-Kdm-bu*, in Hind. ^L^>, in Russia bokhari, bokharki, also "called Persian fruit, much exported from Balti, Kabul, and other countries of western Asia. pa-til, pa -til (Ar. Kly3) W., lunt, match; *dug-ce*, to light (a match). ff pa-ba-dgo-dgo, puff-ball, bull- fist (a kind of fungus) Wdn. pa-boil, Glr. and elsewh., C., pa- Jn Pth., Bal, pa-Ion, Ld., a large rock or block, above ground. pa-wan, 1. bat (animal) Lt., Thgr., C.; *po-lon-hel-kyi, pa-wan-an-kye, -nr-Kyi*, W., ''pa-wan-fdr*, Sik., id.(= bya- wan). 2. rdo pa-wan, Ssk. salagrama, am- monite. 5^"^" pd-ra, 1. breeding-buck. 2.v.pdr-ba. r*'Tr' pa-ran, 1. also pe-rdn, *pi-lm*, C., Feringhi, European. 2. vulg. venereal disease. 5j.^. pa-ri l.Lh., acoarse covering or carpet. - 2. a mountain on the other side. pd-la Ssk., fruit, Lt. a-ldm, rdo-rje-pa-ldm, diamond./.'. pa-li, shield, buckler. pa-sodsedjug, he changes colour, turns pale, with consternation, Ld. pag, I. v. pag. II. in B. gen. ^ojr- pa, swine, hog, pig (introduced into 6'. from China, and largely consumed; in W. somewhat known from India, *ri-pag and lun-pag* being distinguished as the wild boar and the tame hog); pdg-pai sna, Glr.', rus-pa, Med. ; bcud(?} Lt. ; pdg-gi ydon, a pig's face, Sambh.; pd-pag, not castrated, po-pag, castrated boar; mo -pag, sow. - pdg-Kyu, herd of swine. pdg-mgo, 1 . boar's head (a valued protective against demons, it being hid in the ground under the thresh- old of the door). 2. S.g. fol. 26, it seems to be a mineral used in medicine. pag- rgod, wild boar. pag-mce, tusks of a boar. pag-fuh, Sch.: a large boar(?). pag-prug, young pig. pdg-ma, Sch., gelded hog. pdg-mo, 1. sow. 2. a goddess v. rdo-rje. pag-fsdn, pig-sty. pag- fsil, hog's lard; bacon. pag-fsogs = pag- li'yu. pag-rdzi, swine-herd. pag-ze, hog's bristle, Wdn. pag-yar-ma, Sch., the fattening of pigs(?) pag-ril, pig's muck(?) Lt. pag-sa, pork. III. (Cs.pdg-ma\ something hidden; con- cealment: pdg-na mi yod-pa, a man con- cealed behind, Dzl, pag -gam g*u zig-tu, in a corner, in obscurity, Dzl.; *fsd-big pdg-la yod*, it is somewhat hidden, cannot be seen well (from this place), Ld.; * pdg- la zd-ce*, to eat (dainties) by stealth, W.; nyi-ma nipdg-tu ^ro, Thgy., the sun hides himself behind the mountain; sgo-pdg-nas bltds-pas, to watch, spy, lurk behind the door, Glr., v. also ojdb, pa; pag nyan tdn- ce W., to listen. *pag-ste*, W. ('a hidden paring-axe' v. ste-po) plane; *pag-ste gydb- ce, fjud-ce, srub-ce*, to plane. pag-fsdn^ smuggling, co-ce, to smuggle, W. *tdn-Kan*, smuggler, W. p'dg-ra, parapet. pag- rdgs, rampart, intrenchment. pag-ldm, secret path (of smugglers). *pag-sug*, bribery, C., W.', *pag-sug tdn-ce*, to bribe; zd-ce, to accept a bribe, W. 340 p'ag-pdg pun-pa pag-pdg, the name given in Pur. toCodonopsis ovata, the thick roots of which plant are cooked like turnips or ground and baked; v. klu-mdud. _, . pan I. O pah (pan - ma , pan - bu Cs ) spindle; pan -16, l.the whirl of the spindle. 2. sih-rtai pan-lo, waggon wheel. Dzl. II. v. pan. pan- gro, Sch., the belly or body of a stringed instrument. ,_._. pdn-ba, pans-pa (Glr. also potis-pa, prov.) to save, to spare, to use economy: srog to spare one's life; mi-pdns-te or -par e.g. O bul-ba, to give largely, not sparingly; pdn-sems, thrift! ness: p'dn-sems-an, thrifty, frugal; *pah-sem co-ce* , W., to be thrifty, frugal. SJC'SJ* pdn-ma, a medicinal plant, Med. pan-med, stated to be = 'rin-med, Ts. pan-lo v. pan I. , vertebra(P) </. -j' pat SsL, an unmeaning sound, fre- ' quently used in magic spells, on which subject Milaraspa speaks rather obstrusely. 5jj-* pad, a large bag or sack, rds-pad, rdl- ' pad, rtsid-pad, sack of cotton cloth, goat's hair, yak's hair; pad-}; a, -sked, -mfil, the mouth, middle, and bottom of a sack; pad-gdh, a full sack, a sackful; pad- stoti, an empty sack; pdd-snam, sack-twine, sack-cloth; p'dd-tsa, very coarse sack- cloth. * pan I. sbst., hanging ornaments, lappets ' of silk, similar to the decorations of our tent -cloths, awnings etc. , ka-, sgo-, ydun-pan, on pillars, doors, beams; pan- ydugs, a parasol so decorated, S.g. II. = pa II., gen. in the combination of pan-cad (Glr. also pan-cod}, also pan-la or pan, towards, until: dd-ci-nas dd-lta pan- la dar cig son, from 'but just' till 'just now' a moment has passed, Thgy. ; nd-nin- nas da pan - cdd lo ycig son , Thgy. ; *da pan*, until now, C. ; ... nas din-san pan (-la) Glr. from . . . till now ; pyi-ma pan- cdd-du^ro-bayin, I am proceeding towards the future, Thgy. ; pan-cad also beyond: *de p'en-ce' ma do* C. do not go any farther than that place; combined with its contrary fsun : pan-fsun(-du) gro-ba, to walk to and fro, there and back; to walk past, frq.; pan-fsun-du pul-ba, to push hither and thither, Glr. ; pan -(sun mfun - pai ytam, assurances of mutual friend ship, Glr.; pan- fsun ycig-gis ycig-la yi-ge yton-ba, pyag byed-pa, y nod-pa byed-pa, mutual corres- pondence, m. greetings, m. encroachment; pan- f sun sdur-ba sdfbs-pa, to compare with one another, to mix one with the other, 2am.', fnyis-ynyis-dag pan-fsun-gyi O dra- bai yi-ge, two equal letters (a, a etc.) at a time Gram. : ma-pdn-gi ^ram pan-fsun-du on each of the two shores of lake Ma-pan, Mil.; don pan-fsun bsdu-rgyu yod-pa, cor- relative terms, having reciprocal relation, Gram. : pan-fmn for-ba, to scatter, to dis- perse; pan-fsun-dag, Cs., both parties. III. v. the following articles. pdn-dil W. kettle, pot (of tinned copper, the common cooking-vessel in Tibet and India, having the shape of a broad urn); in C. *zans(-bu)*, Pel's, and Hd. <JijJ (degci); pan-cun, a small vessel of that kind. r*xzr pan-pa I. vb. to be useful: de ni bdag-la mi pan, that is no more of use to me; pan-par mi O gyur, it will be of no use ; bu O dis fid-la pan -par dka, this son will hardly be useful to me, Glr.; pan- par dgd-ba-mams, such as wish to make themselves useful, they who are ready to serve, Thgy.; bgrod-lapan, useful for learn- ing to walk, Lt. ; nod kun-la pan-pa yin, that is good for all diseases, Lt. ; nai ndd- la pan-pa yin-pas, because I have recovered, Glr.] *pan son*, it has helped, it has got better; . . . na pan, if . . . , then I shall get well, Glr. ; pan-pa zig srid, recovery might be possible, Pth.; mi pan, it is useless, = hurtful; also: it is not enough, Mil; mi pan- par O dod-pa fams-cad, all the malevolent, Doman: Ud-la pan, lit. 'it is a mere en- pdb-pa 341 joyment of the mouth', i. e. an outward, temporary enjoyment or advantage; hence pan -pa and pan- pa yin-pa, adj., useful: pdn-pai don, a useful thing, valuable pos- session, frq.; bdag nyon-motis-pa-las pan- pai don med, after all it is of no use to me in my misery, Dzl. ; bslab-bya pan-pai fsi'g, a wholesome instructive word, Glr.; pan-pai gros, useful advice, Dzl. II. sbst. use, benefit, profit: bstdn-pa-la pan -pa zig byed-pa, Stg.; pan-ynod-med- pa, bringing neither profit nor harm, Mil.; pan-pa dan bde-ba, pan-bde happiness and blessing, very frq.; pan- dogs-pa, pan- dogs byed-pa, to be of use, and adj. profitable, frq.; pan -fogs, profit; pan- fogs ce, Thgy., *cen-mo*, W., very profitable; . . . la pan gan fogs gyis, render services to ... in every way possible! Mil. ; pan -grogs a helping (useful) friend, Pth.; pan-ynod, profit and loss, pan-bde v. above ; pan-zds, wholesome diet, Med. ; pan-yon, benefit, blessing, as a reward for a meritorious action, frq.; pan- (pai) sems, benevolence, readiness to help. P a b~P a -> ! v - bebs-pa. II. Sch. : to fall down (?). P aos ) ! dry barm (prepared for inst. in Balti, is said to consist of flour, mixed with some ginger and aconite). 2. lees, yeast (of beer). 5J5TJ" pdm-pa v. O pdm-pa. 5JQ/ pau v. pag. ^. par I. sbst. interest (of money), W.: *nul-lapar kdl-ce*, to impose, demand interest, *cdl-ce*, to pay interest; exchange, agio. II. in later writings and col. for pall.', also for pan- cad, pa-zdd: farther; par O gro- ba, to go on ; par O kydm-pa, to roam far- ther and farther, Thgy.; *pdr-tsam*, C., = var\ par O gro fsur O gro-ba-rnams, people going, travelling, hither and thither; away, off: di-nas par, away from here; par mi mcio, I do not go away, Dzl. 33, 6 (Sch. erron. 'to the father'); P ar bzud, go away!; . . . la par Ita-ba, to look (in a certain di- rection) Mil, away from one's self, as opp. to: ran-rig-sems-la fsur ltd-ba, to look into one's own heart Mil.; glu pdr-cig fsur-cig len-pa, alternative song, Mil. ; pdr-slob fsur- slob yin, they are mutually scholars one of the other, Tar. ; par ycig Idb-na fsur ynyis rgol, if you say one word 'towards her', she gives you smartly a double charge back, Mil. ; par-fsur-la, W. also = *so-sor, in Op- posite directions; *par-fsur-la co-ce* to se- parate vb. a.; *()o-ce*, to separate vb. n. Comp. ]>dr-ka, Thgy. pdr-ka pd-rol, the opposite side (of a valley &.) vulgo frq. pdr-nos, id., cut par- fsur -gyi-lam. par-pyin abbreviation for pd-rol-tu pyin- pa v. pd-rol, pa II. Mil. *pdr-tsam*, C., = pa-zdd. par- dzug and tsur-rgol prob. == snd-rool and pyi-rgol. par-zdd = pa-zdd. par -la, \.=par, away, on- ward, Schr. 2. = pd-rol-tu, na, esp. with regard to time : vulgo lo ycig par-la, after one year; W. esp. after the gerund in nas: *zan zos-ne par-la*, after dinner. par- lam, way or journey thither, Sp. ni f. pur-fat I- l.wild dog (barks, and commits its ravages like the wolf, yet being afraid of man) in I^d. 2. wolf C., also par-spydn. II. v. O pdr-ba. T par-rdzds, Sch., an old heir-loom. P a ^-> !? Ld. 1. *pal cos-se (or te) dug*, step aside! make way! 2. *pal-pdl cd-ce*, to feel flattered. II. v. the following. gram- pdl-pa, usual, common; pal-pai min, his usual (common) name, Thgr.; pdl-pa-las pags-par bzdn-ba, a more than ordinary beauty Dzl.; mi or gan-zdg pal- pa, common people, Mil.', fson-pdl-rnams bor-ro, they left the common tradespeople behind, Dzl.; pdl-pai rdzas v. jdl-ba; sin pal rnams, common trees, Mil.; snod pdl- pa, common vessels, Mil. ; pal, the com- mon people; pdl-gyi ndh-na j-nds-pa, to live among the people Dzl.;pdl-gyis rgyab- nas ded pdl-gyis bskor-te, the people run- ning after and crowding round him, Ptli.; *pdl - (pai) s/cad*, 1 . W. the language of common life, opp. to *?6s-skad*, book-Ian- 342 pal-can guage (C. *dl-ke'*). 2. Sch.: rough-copy, waste-book ;pdl-po- (6s. also -mo} ce, a host, a troop ; mi-rgod pal-po-ce zig, a troop or set of monsters (v. rgod-pa II.) ; gen. like 01 nollni, the mass of the people, majo- rity, great part or number; pal-ce-ba id. pal-cen, a philosophers' school, called Ma- hasanghika. pal - cer, manifold, for the most part, ordinarily, also = universally ; pal- cer co-nes O degs-so, they raised a general lamentation Dzl. gp.. . pdl - can W., broad, wide, e.g. a 1 broad valley; pal-mecL narrow. *t- pas, instrum. of pa, I. by the father; v. also pas-spun, sub spun. II. of the opposite side, of the counter-party, e.g. pas rgol-ba. . pi,, 1. num. figure 44. 2. W. for pyi, pi-pa for pyi-pa. Ij'TK' pi-Jcer (Urdu J&, Ar. reflexion) W. *can pi-ker med* = can mi sto it is no mat- ter, it makes no difference. " pi-lin v. under rgya. pig-pig, a kind of jelly 6'. jgk-. pin, Sch.: 1. earthen -ware pitcher. 2. cup, cupping-glass. 3. W.: *sgo- pin*, door-hinge. Pin-pa v. f C^'; /w--6, *pr-ce* W. to fall down. 51" jew numerical figure: 74. jtw, I. sbst. 1. the upper part of an as- ^ cending valley or ravine ; pu bar mdo (or mda), the upper, middle, and lower part of such a valley; pu- cu, mountain-tor- rent, frq.; pur ma O gro, pu yd-gir ma O gro, Glr., do not go to the upper part of the valley; pu-lhdg$, higher situated and colder places or districts, opp. to rgya-sod, lower and milder parts. The not unfrequent phrase: pu-fdg ycdd-pa or cod -pa was traced by our Lama to its original mean- ing: the upper part of the valley is shut up (with snow etc.), which is now used in a general sense; Krul-bai pu-fdg cod, Mil., prob. shut out all error, prevent every mis- take \pu-fag-cod-lugs-kyi cossig. Mil. seems to be an instruction for making a decision; na rgds-pa dan sems kyi pu-fdg cod-pas ^ro-ba mi yon-bar O dug, prob.: I being old and my spiritual affairs settled (not call- ing for further improvement), shall prob- ably not travel any more (to India; but you may do so) Mil. cf. pu,gs. pii-pa, the inhabitant of an elevated valley. Fig. : pu yyo mda dkrug, there is agitation above and below, the higher and the lower fa- culties of the mind are troubled, excited, Mil. 2. prop. n. Pu, e. g. a village in Upper Kunawar, missionary station of the Church of the United Brethren. 3. vulgo the spirit or gaseous element of liquors, caus- ing them to foam, effervesce or explode, cf. dbugs; perh. to be referred to no. II. II. interjection and imitative sound: pu O debs-pa Glr., *pu gydb-ce* W., to make pooh, to blow, to puff, to inflate; pu skon, pun it up (the skin etc.), lit.: fill it with pooh! pus, w r ith the breath; fas O debs-pa Sch. to blow, howl, cry(?); sna-rtsa-pu, n. of a disease, /.'. pu-duh, also pu-fun Glr., pu-rufi Cs., sleeve; *pu-rdzus* C. (false slee- ves), pu-dun- (or -fun-} rtse (sleeve-edges) hand-ruffles; mittens, cuffs (to keep the wrist warm). pu-dud, honour, respect, esteem; pu- dud-du byed-pa, Glr., pud-du fa'ir- ba, S.g., to show honour, respect. pu-ba, pf. of O bud-pa, to blow , col. used for the latter. pu-bo, po-bo, {Sch. also pun), a man's eloper brother: pu-nu, the elder and the younger, i. e. the two brothers; also the elder and the younger sons (for examples refer to tsan-ddii)\ in the passage of Dzl. 3sS, 14, nu ought to be canceled, and pu-nu -mo, V^S, 6. 9. should be translated by sister-in-law. pu+ grds, Sch., the elder brothers, dub. 343 P u ~ ron Pth~> pug-ron, (*pur-gon* vulg.) pigeon; pu-ron-gyi Kyu Pth.; pug-skyd Sch. of a light blue colour, like pigeons. 5J*OJ* 5fo|* pu-la, po-la Ld. (from the Turkish), pilaw, a dish of boil- ed rice, with butter and dried apricots. " pv-^d hoopoe. u-se, mouse, souslik and similar ro- dent quadrupeds (cf. bra). P U 9> 1- =pugs. 2. = sbugs, pug-pa\ Igdh-pug-gait, the bladder, in reference to its capaciousness, S.g.; mje pug-tu nub, the penis recedes into its cavity, Wdn.; the eye of a needle, Lt. 3. pf. and imp. of Jbug-pa. 4 = pub Schr. 5. for pug- ron , q.v. * P u 9~P a > cavern; brag-pug, rock-ca- vern, grotto; gad-pug, cavern in a steep river-bank, or in conglomerate ; dben- pug, the solitary cavern of an anchorite, Ma.; p'ug -pa-pa, n. of an astronomer of the 15th. century, v. pdd-ma; pug-rtsis, and likewise pug -lugs Wdn., his calcula- tions. pug-ron v. pu-ron. -se-le (?) W., hoopoe; perh. = p'u-sud, which occa- sionally is also spelled pu-ysud > (cognate topu; also O bug- and sbugs), end, termination; pug-mda-fug-pai lon-ka, the entrails, the beginning and end of which lie close to- gether, Mil. (mda, v. under pu) ; innermost part, an innermost apartment, = sbuys; pugs- kyi nor \. sgo init. ; perh. also piig-gi spa- rim ltd-bu Glr. 45, 4 may be referable to this meaning, sems-kyi pugs- fag cod-pas bde, happy (am I), because the final aim of my mind is deeded and settled, Mil, evidently = pu-fag cod-pa, the former being perh. etymologically more correct. Simi- larly: bu fse O dii bio -pugs cos -la ytod-cig Mil, may the boy direct the aim of his mind for this life unto religion! Time to come, futurity, (opp. to O pral, the present moment); pugs-su, pugs-na, hereafter, at last, ultimately (Sch. always?); pugs-ci O dra cig ^o/i, how will it end? what will be the final issue? Glr. puys-ta, pogs-ta, pogs-ta, W. (Pers. aJjJ^), firm, strong, durable; pugs- ta btsems, sew it well (so that it will hold) ! pun-pa v. pun-pa. P u "~Pi 1- heap; pun-por spun-ba, Lex. also bcer-ba, to gather into a heap; nds-pun, rtsd-pun, lud-pun, sd-pun, a heap of barley, hay, dung, earth; mass, me-mur-gyi puii-po, a glowing mass, a mass of fire; sprin-puii, clouds, a gathering of clouds Glr.; ynyer-mai puh-po (the skin becomes) a heap of wrinkles, Tligy.', the body is called mi-ytsdn-ba mdm-pa sna- fsogs-kyi p'un-po, dug ysum-gyi pun-po, jig- pai pun-po, zin-pai pun-po, Thgy.', accu- mulation, mass, bsod-nams-kyi, cos-kyi, e.g. cos-kyi pun-po L^ 000 , the whole mass of the b4 000 religious lectures of Buddha (!) Mil. 2. In metaphysics: ^fft}, the SO- called five aggregates (6s.) or elements of being, viz. yzugs, fsor-ba, O du-ses, O du-byed, rnam-ses, (v. Kopp. I. 602, and esp. Burn. I. 475 and 511), which in the physical pro- cess of conception unite, so as to form a human individual or the body of a man, (pun-po Ina-las grub-pai lus Wdn.} which by some of the later and more popular wri- ters is itself called pun-po. So this word, as being synonymous to lus, has found its way into the language of the people, and not in a low sense, in as much as one of our Christian converts used the expression : ye-sui pun-po dur-Kun-ne zens. 3. Symb. num. for 5. Sp'^T puh-ba v. Q^Sp'q* O puii-ba. *s* pud, sbst. I. (v. O pud-pa, pf. pud\ a ^ thing set apart, used particularly of the first-fruits of the field, as a meat- or drink-offering, in various applications : zas- caii-<ji pud meat- and drink-offering Glr.; fog -pud, 16 -pud, an offering of the first- fruits of harvest; srus-pud id., consisting of ears of corn, wound round a pillar of 344 pud-pa the house; bun -pud, first-fruit offering of the barn; rdo-pud, sd-pud, an offering of stones or earth, when a house is built, these materials then being used for manufacturing images of gods, Glr. ; initiatory present, e.g. the first produce of a work, that has been committed to one Glr. (so, according to cir- cumstances, it may be as much as a spe- cimen); in a general sense, a thing done for the first time ; bdg-mai pud, prob the first cohabitation. II. for pu - dun and pu- dud, q.v. SJS'^T pud-pa, I. pf. of Jbud-pa. IT. 6s. sbst. 1. spindle covered with yarn. 2. hair-knot, tuft of hair; pud-can, being provided with such a one. 1. adj. perfect, com- plete, possessing every requisite quality, e.g. dgon-pa, a hermit's dwelling; excellent, ex- quisite, distinguished, e.g. ro, taste, bsnyen- bkur, distinctions, marks of honour Mil., nor dan lons-spyod Doman ; adv. dge-ba bcu pun-sum-tsogs-par spyod-pa, Dzl., to prac- tise the ten virtues to perfection. 2. sbst. perfection, excellence, superior good, frq.;^a- rol-poi pun-sum-fsogs-pa-la cdgs-pa to covet the excellent things which another posses- ses, Thgy. 3. pun-fsogs, frequent name for males and females. 5|q- pub \ . shield, buckler, Glr., of a con- ^ vex shape, with the rim bent round ; ko- pub, a leather buckler; pub-subs, the cover of a buckler, Cs. ; pub-kyi me-lon, the centre of the shield, Cs. 2. v. the following. J" pub-pa, pf. of Jbitb-pa. pub-ma, short straw; pub-ma zig, a small stalk, a bit of chaff; *pub-ma tab-be or tab tan- be*, to fan, to winnow; pub-ldir Cs., chaff; gro-pub, wheat-straw. pum-pum, posterior, anus Pfh. pur 1. v. pu 2. v. O pur-ba. 3. v. pur-pa. i' pur-pa, peg, pin, nail ; rtsig-pur Schr., *pur-ca or sa* (?) Ld., a peg on a peg-rdob wall, to hang up things ; Icdgs-pur, iron nail ; sih~pur, wooden peg ; pur-rnyi v. rnyi, pur- bzi brkydn-ba to fasten the hands and feet of a culprit to four pegs driven into the ground, when he is to undergo the punish- ment of the rkyan-sin, v. rkyoh-ba. '2. iron instrument in the form of a short dagger, used for expelling evil spirits, and fancied to possess great power, Schl. 257; sd-p'ur O debs-pa, to stick such a dagger into the ground, whereby the subterranean demons are kept off; fig. mig pur-fsugs-su ltd-ba Glr., to look at one with a piercing glance of the eye ; *lha-la sol-iva pur-tsug-tu O deb- pa* C'., to implore a god very earnestly. pur-bu 1. = pur-pa; the usual form of in- cantation is : pur-bus yddb-bo, fo-bas brdun- no, pydg-rgyas mndn-no! 2. (yza) pur-bu, the planet Jupiter; its day: Thursday. pur-ba, Sch.: to emboss; piir-ma or Jbur-ma, relief work, embossment. 2. to scratch, v. Q pur-ba; mgo-pur, n. of a disease Lt. S^*^" pur-bu, v. under pur-pa. pur-ma, v. pur-ba. 2. pye-mai pur-ma, a decoration resembling a flag. pur-mo, a medicament Wdn.; pur- tdl? S.ff. P u l 1- a handful, also pul-gdh, e.g. of corn, Dzl., beer Lt. (in which case = skyor). 2. end? only in the phrase: pul-tu pyin-pa, to reach the highest degree, to be victorious , to have the better of an argument; yi-gei sgrd-la pul-tu pyin, he has finished his studies in grammar, Glr. ; mKds- pai pul-tu pyin-par gyur-to, he became a great scholar, Pth. ; also pul-(tu) byun(-ba), accomplished, perfect, eminent S.g. ; p. n. = a-ti-sa. 3. pul-can, thick = *rom-po* Ld. Spj"^' pul-ba v. O pul-ba and O bid-ba. -^ pe 1. W. for pye\ pe-ku-lig, key. 2. num. figure: 104. Europeans, C. '' peg-rdob v. under peb-pa. 345 pad /^ P en W. for ^yd, ^e ; ped- jp06? v. pyad-pyad. t 1. pf._pis, resp. to go f.'.; to come 6'. and W. ; also cagr (or pydg)- peb-pa; scarcely in ancientlit., but (rZr., Pf/t., .M7.; *nyi-rdn-la peb-lon yod-na* \V.,ifyou have time to come; *^o-nd ghd-le peb* C., well, good bye! *dha sd-hib peb*, id. in speaking to a European; cay peb zu nan \. sndn-ba I. extr. ; peb-par smrd-ba Schr., to salute; Sch. also: to speak politely (??); peb-par pdg-pa, Sch., to rise gracefully, to walk decently (?); peb-sgo Itar Sch.: 'ac- cording to the given order', but cf. O gro- sgo Itar under sc/o 3; peb-rdog-pa 'to tramp arrival', to go to welcome a high Lama or other honoured person on his arrival with dance and music C., Leacx.; Cs. however mentions peg-rdob as a musical instrument, 'a small brazen plate for music', and in Stg. the same word occurs along with sil- bsnydn. 2. for Jbab; so it seems to be used, Lt.: fur-du mi pebs; po-bar mi pebs, it won't go down his throat. qx?q- per-ba to be able Mil.nt, cf. also dod\ Cs.: 'to become, to be fit' etc. 5f po I. num. figure: 134. II. man, opp. to woman, male, po lo Ind-bcu-pa, men of the age of fifty (opp. to bu-mo lo-gnyis-ma) Ma.\ po mcor-po, a handsome man (opp. to bud-med mcor-mo) Pth.; as a pleonastic apposition to the pers. pron., like?m, Mil.; common in C.:*po-nd*, I (masc.) = K6-bo ; esp. in reference to ani- mals: male, he (ass), cock (bird), Dzl and elsewh. ; as apposition to the names of do- mestic animals when castrated : po-rtd, geld- ing; rd-po, a castrated he-goat. po-skyes, man, male person, Pth. po-gos, man's dress, man's coat; po-cds, Mil. id. (?) po-cen Wts., Sch., gelding. po-to Bal, stallion. po-rtdgs 1 . Physiol. = po-mfsdn. 2. Gram. : sign for the masculine gender, Cs. po-ndd, I. W. andromany, inordinate desire after men. 2. v. po-ba. po-mo, man and woman, men and women, male and female; po-mo med, no difference of .sex exists. *po-fse* Bal., male sex. po-mfsan, membrum virile, man's yard, esp. the penis; the rather vague expression po-mfsdn (or po-i'tdgs) bcdd-pa is asserted to apply not to castration (Schr.\ but only to circum- cision (which, however, is not generally known in Tibet, Mussulmans being found only in some of the larger cities of the country). po-yan Sch. and po-ran Cs., po-hran C.. an unmarried man. *po-ri* W., *po-re* C. a male kid. po-lhd, 1. tutelary deity of a man's right side (ni f.) Glr. 2. Cs.: Sir, as polite address. (Ob- servation : The circumstance of the conso- nants of the alphabet and the prefix-letters being divided by Tibetan grammarians into masculine, feminine and neuter, is of no practical moment: careful investigations on that head have been made by Schiefner and Lepsius). III. v. po-so. po-yyty Sch - (P erl1 - p-9y v - ffy- mo), hollow tile. J^fW pd-nya, less frq. po-nya-ba (Ssk. T7T), I. messenger, e.g. sent for a physician; po-nya yton-ba, p6-nya-mndg-pa, to send, dispatch a messenger; brtsi-ba, Cs. to re- ceive one (?) 2. ambassador, envoy. 3. Passages like ysin-rjei po - nya messenger of death, angel of death, and bde-ba-can- gyi po-nya, honourable epithet of a king, that is looked upon as a demi-god (simi- larly to a//fiAog TOV naQadeioov) suffi- ciently justify the application of the word to the scriptural notion of angel, which may be rendered still more intelligible by adding ndm-mltai, Chr. P. (P. Georgi retains the Italian angelo, spelling it an-Jbye-lo). Bud- dhist mythology has no available type for it, and lha (Cs.) could only be made use of, if already whole generations of the Ti- betan nation had become Christians. no Bal for pu-nu. Jtfty po-ba (resp. sku-fog Cs.) 1. stomach 2. the second cavity of the stomach or reticulum of ruminating animals (cf. grdd- pa). po-ba l)id-pa, Cs. to overcharge the 22* 346 ; pd-ba-) stomach, to clog; sol-ba Cs. to purge, to cleanse; po-bai Joa 6s., the upper orifice of the stomach, joining the oesophagus; po- nan, a weak st., bzan, a good, sound st. 6s. po-fer, swag-belly Sch.;po-ndd, disorder of the st. 2. v. po* above. II. pf. of O bo-ba for pos Glr. sf^TX" po-ba-ri, also -ns orpo-ns Lt., black pepper; the col. form: po-ba-ril-bu 'Stomachic pills' prob. is merely a popular etymology (similar to the English 'sparrow grass', corrupted from asparagus). dn resp. for kdn-pa, house, dwel- ling; often also implying hall, castle, palace, B. and col.; sleipo-bran, the castle (palace) of Le. Schr. red paint; dun-la po- us-pa, red paint put on a shell Pth.; po-fsos-fsal Pth. po-ris v. po.-ba-ri. Wdn. , raven > P er h. also crow ; cf - Kwd-ta-, po-rog-mig, medicinal herb, , spar p 6-la, pu-la W., v. po-la. o-ldd W. steel, Pen. oL ' po-lo-lin W. peppermint. po-lon-mdud Mil a kind of knot, complicated, and of ma- gic virtue. po-kn-hel-kyi etc. v. pa-wdh. . haughtiness, pride; *po-so co- ce*, to demean one's self haughtily, W.\ *po-so-can*, proud, haughty, puffed up; 'kd-po Mil. bragging about things, which in reality one is not able to do; po-fsod, prob. the same asjoo-so, Mil.: po-fsod innon- ses ma O cad cig, do not boast of prophetic sight. "jfim-pog, 1. Wts. beam, rafter; Sch.: 'the prin- ' cipal beam of the roof. 2. v. O poy-pa and Jbog-pa. Jqm^-pogs, wages, pay, salary; lo-,zla-,nyin- pogs annual, monthly salary, daily wages; dnul-pogs, smdr-pogs, 6s., payment in money; zon-pogs Cs. payment in goods. 2. providing for another person in natural pro- duce, even without any service being done in return, e.g. the maintenance of Lamas; pogs-dod, maintenance by an allowance of money (in exceptional cases). 2^" pon,v. pdn-ba\p6n-baG-lr. for pan-ba. P s ~P a ( cf - cP'ons-pa') 1. poor, needy; sems-can nyam-t'dg-pons- dgu, the poor and miserable creatures, Glr. ; sdiig-pons-pa, id. %., C. 2. poverty. f^* pod, skdr-wia pod, 6s., Sch., comet. zxs-m- pod-Ka, masquerade garment with long sleeves. 2J^"T pod-pa , 1 . to be able, esp. in a moral ' sense, to prevail on one's self, Jbral- mi pod-pa Itar yod-na yan, although he was scarcely able to part with . . . Glr. ; O di ni mi pod-do, that I cannot do (moral im- possibility) DzL- Ita mi pod, I cannot bear to see that, DzL; to be able to resist: zas zim gos bzan su - yis pod who can resist good food and fine clothes? hence pod- pa-can, Cs., bold, daring; *pod-cun-se*, W. timid, cowardly. 2. to come up to, to be nearly equal in worth, with fsam(-la): dei bsod-nams fsam-la pod it is nearly of equal merit as ... DzL pon(j-po) Glr. and elsewh., pob- pon Cs. , pon-po(n), pon-to, pod- pod, W., 1. bundle, truss, of hay, straw, reeds; sheaf. 6'. 2. bunch, wisp, cluster, umbel, W.; tuft, tassel; ddr-pon, skud-pon, Cs. ZQQt' pob v. O bebs-y:>a. r-pa C., B. ( W. *ko~re*, resp. *don- kyog*}, bowl, dish, drinking-cup, ge- nerally made of wood and carried in the bosom, to have it always ready for use; cups made of other materials are called Icdgs-p'or, dnul-por, yser-por, and a glass tumbler sel-por. The word is also applied to vessels used for other purposes : spyin- por, glue-pot, pog-por, perfuming-pan. - por-pyis, cloth for wiping the cup ; por-kug, id.(?); por-sug(subs?), the pocket or fold in the coat for receiving the cup, C. l&q' pol, W. 1. blister caused by burning, pol-mig, a bad sore, ulcer, abscess, 6'., W. 2. T%y., a kind of fungus (mould). pos, 1. v. O bo-ba. 2. v. sa. f i/a, lot, pya debs -pa to cast lots s.; lot, fortune Cs.,pya brtdg-pa to judge of lots or fortune 6s. ; prognostic Sch., pya-bzdn, -nan good, bad fortune or prognostics 6s.; nw-pya, Kyim-pya prog- nostics relative to property, family etc., in drawing lots or playing at dice; pya (daii) yyan lot (good luck) and blessing, pya dan yyan Q g>'ig-pa to call forth good luck and blessing, to secure it by enchantment Glr., rgya-ndg-gipya-yydn nydms-pas as China's fortune and welfare were prejudiced Glr. ; pyd-mKan fortune-teller 6s., but v. also the next article. pyd-mKan, 1. = rdzd-mKan, potter. 2. v. the foregoing. pya- can Lt.f pya-la-le-ba, Sch., coarse, rude, negligent, disorderly (?). pyd-ra, curtain before a door, Sckr. Sch. pyag, 1. resp. for lag, hand; bcom- ldan- dds-kyis pyag sd-la brdebs, Bud- dha struck with his hand on the earth, Dzl. ; pyag brgydn-ba, to stretch forth one's hand, Sch. ; with la it denotes also the imposition of hands as a holy ceremony , W. : *cay yyan sdl-ce*. 2. bow, compliment, re- verence: pyag ddn-po-la, whilst making the first bow, Glr.; also compliment in letters: . . . la pyag grans-med beans, with a thou- sand compliments to ... (a Lama even of a higher order concluded his letter to a nobleman with 10000 compliments to him as the head of the family, and then to the rest according to rank and age in a des- cending line with 1000, 100 etc.); therefore pyag byed-pa (eleg. gyid-pa; resp. mdzdd- pa, when e.g. a king is addressed by a Lama, Pth."), in Balti *pyag byd-ca* W. gen. *cay pul-ce or co-ce, resp. jal-cag co- ce*, to salute, to pay one's respects, with 347 la, e.g. ministers waiting on the king, Glr. ; *cdg-ga yon*, he comes to pay his respects, W.; pyag dan skor-ba byed-pa^ to make bows and circumitions,/S v <7. ; with or without a preceding pyi (vulg. O fon), to take leave, to bid adieu, B. and vulgo (cf. pyi below), *de-ne cag pul yin*, W. , so then I shall take my leave now. pyag O fsdl-ba, pf. btsal, imp. fsol, to make a very low rever- ence, the head almost touching the ground; more at large: yzdn-gyi zdbs-la mgo-bos pyag O fsdl-ba, esp. in use before Lamas and kings ; in the introductions of books, also, the authors generally address both deities and readers with the phrase: pyag O fsdl- lo. 3. impurity, dirt(?); v. some of the following compounds and also O p'ydg-pa. 4. sometimes for cag. Com p. pyag-mKdr resp. for mJcar-ba staff. pyag-Jiur W. = pyag-rten. pyag- gon the back of the hand 6s. pyag-i'gyd (W) L res P- for r 9 l J a C 1 -) sea| ; pyag^ffy** O debs-pa to seal, to confirm by a seal, v. rgya I. This meaning is at present hardly any longer known, but only: 2. gesture, the manner in which the hand and fingers are held by Buddha, by stage -players, Lamas or saints etc , when performing re- ligious ceremonies or sorceries ; pyag-rgyds mndn-pa to overcome evil spirits by such gesticulations Dom., O grol-ba to set them free, by dissolving the charm Pth. There is a great number of these gesticulations. pyag-rgya-cen-po is said to be a figurative designation of theUma-doctrine. (The other meanings given by 6's. and Sch. are rather uncertain.) pyag-ndr wrist 6s., yet v. war I. pyag - ca Sch. 'wrought by the hand; an implement', resp. for lag-ca, v. ca III. extr. ; pyag - cds attributes, carried in the hand, in performing religious dances, cf. pyag - mfsdn. pyag - cab water for washing the hands and the face. pyag- mcdd Mil. for pyag dan m cod-pa byed-pa. pyag-snyigs Lexx. = pyag-ddr. pyag- rtdgs 1. resp. for lag-rtdgs sign of the hand, impression of a blackened finger in the place of a seal. 2. = pyag-rten (?). py 348 pyag pyi rten B. and col. a present of welcome, frq., a present in general, also a fee Glr. ; pyag- rten rgya - cen immense presents Glr. pyag-mfil resp. palm of the hand. pyag- mfeb resp. thumb. pyag-ddr sweepings, dust, rubbish; pyag-ddr byed-pa Dzl. and e\sewh.,pydg-pa Lex., *gydb-ce* W. to sweep, to clean ; pyag-dar-pa a sweeper Dzl.; p'yag- ddr-gyi pun-po, pyag-dar-Kr6d dust-heap; pyag-dar-Krod-kyi cos-gos or nd-bza vest- ment or cowl of a mendicant friar, which according to the rules of his order is to be patched up of rags gathered from heaps of rubbish Burn. I, 305. (The explanation given by Sch. seems to rest on mere hy- pothesis.) pyag-na-rdo-rje, p f yag-rdor v. rdo-r)e- can. pyag-dpe resp. for dpe-ca v. dpe 3. pyag-dpun resp. for arm. pydg-pyi attendant, man-servant = zabs-pyi; pydg-pyi byed-pa to be a servant; pydg- pyi-la orpyag-pyir Jbren-ba to be a follower (of a Lama); collect, train of servants, retinue. pyag-pyis resp. towel. fyag- bris resp. 1. hand - writing, manuscript. 2. drawing Glr. 3. letter W., brtse-bai pyag- bris your kind letter, your friendly cor- respondence. pyag-Jbulre$\>. gift, present. pyag-sbdlCs. resp. = pyag-gon; Sch. pyag-sbdl-du bcug-pa to hold one's hand ready for taking or receiving, v. sbal. pyag-smdn 1. resp. for sman C. 2. = pyag- rten W. pyag-ma broom, duster, mop 6'., Lexx. pya<g - fsan Sch. : 'the all - filling One, the all-universalizing One' (?) pyag- mfsdn the attributes or emblems of Bud- dha and of different deities, carried in the hands (it is indeed nothing else than what, when carried in the hands of men, is called lag- or pyag-cds Glr. and elsewh.). pyag- mdzub resp. for finger. pyag-mdzod trea- surer, of kings or in large monasteries. pyag-rdzds resp. for nor-rdzds Mil. pyag- zdbs resp. for rkan-ldg Schr. pyag-ra (prob. for pyag-gra} privy, water-closet. pyag-rds resp. for towel Sch. pyag-ldn the return of a salutation, reciprocal greeting Mil. pyag-las W. resp. for las = prin- las B. pyag-Un resp. for lag-len practice. exercise, also ceremony (?) religious rite (?); . . . la-pyag-Un O debs-pa Pth? . . . la-pyag- len-du Q gro-ba Mil.(?) pyag-sin an at- tribute of idols, resembling a rod (birch) or besom Wdk. pydg-sa = pyag-ra ;pyag- sen resp. for sen-mo ; pyag-s&r resp. for sor- mo. fyag-srol law, regulation; practice, use; tradition. &rr*P*n* pydn-ne-ba, Cs. '. jol-le-ba, hanging down (belly, v. pyal}; Lexx. give , slender, slight-made; Sch. : straight, stretched (?); pyan-prul or - O prul Lea\v. pendent ornaments. ^jr'^jr' pyad-pydd, vulg. ped-ped, awkward ^ '^ ' gambols, clumsy attempts at dancing. pydd-pa, also O pydd-pa, constant, firm, persevering; pydd-par, always, continually, perpetually; Lexx. = rgyun-du (of rare occurrence) ; pyad ma j'yod Mil. ? 5J5|" py am = Icam (Sbh. also Icyam), pyam- V rnas, -rten, -stegs, support (of rafters); Sch. : the resting-point of a beam. pyam-pydm-pa, Thgr. glittering ; cf. Icdm-me-ba. , Glr. slow, not hasty, not greedy, indifferent to. pydr-Ka Sch. blame, affront, insult (v. O pyd-ba?) pyar-yydn Sch. id.; Lexx. pyar-yyeii? 5TOJ* Py a ^ r esp. belly, stomach, Cs.; pyal- ^ pyan-ne, Lexx. = grod-pa Jol-le-ba, paunch, swag-belly; pydl-mo id.? |>- pyi ( W. *pi*) I. behind adv. : pyi-bkan- ^ du nydl-ba Sch., to lie on one's back; pyi-gros-su gye-ba, Glr.; *ci-do gydb-pa* C., to retreat, to recede, with the back in advance; pyi lus-pa, to lag behind; pyi- rtin Sch., heel; pyi-sder, Sch. the spur of birds \pyi-na, Cs.; behind \pyi-nas, Cs., from behind ; *pi-nur-la* or * pi-log-la dvl-ce*, to walk backward, W. ; pyi-ynon yon, pursuing he comes rapidly near, Mil. ; pyi mig Itd- ba, to look round (back), Glr. } pyi mig ma ltd -bar, without looking round; pyi mig cig yzigs-pas, resp. just looking round (back), Mil; *pi (mig) Ug-te ltd-ce* W. id. pyi-pyir, behind, following, e.g. pyi 349 PU* O gro-ba, to walk behind or after another person, Pth. pyi Jbrdn Lex. (also mcis- brdn), spouse, wife. pyi-ma, the poste- rior Schr. (?) pyi-bzin adv. and postp., after; O gr6-ba, Jbrdn -ba, frq. ; ri-dags-kyi pyi-bzin rgyiig-pa, to pursue game, deer; pyir-bzin, id.; pyi-la, later lit. and 6'., id.; . . . kyi pyi-bzin pyin-pa, ^dn-ba, O yro-ba, to go after; v. also pyir and pyis. II. after; adv.: ma-pyi, sooner and la- ter; also adj.: the former, the latter; the earlier, the later; Q di-pyi sc. fse, the pre- sent and the future life; frq.; dus pyi zig- na, at a later period, some time afterwards Dzl.; del pyi nyin on the following day Dzl.; nyi-ma del pyi de nyin Icd-na, id., Tar. pyi -dgra v. dgra. pyi- cad pyin-cad q.v. pyi-fog W., the later part of the afternoon. pyi-dro, pyi-ro (also Mil.) W., gen. *pi-fog, pi-ro* id., also even- ing. pyi-nas, in future, in time to come, Mil. pyi-pred Tar.: nyi-ma pyi-pred- kyi bar-du Schf., until sunset; Schr.: even- ing. pyi-pydg byed-pa, to greet for the last time, to bid farewell, to take leave. pyi-ma adj.: later, subsequent, following, snd-ma ma su pyi-ma zd-ba, not having digested the first (meal), to eat (consecu- tive) additional quantities Lt.; pyi-ma pyi- ma, each following one, every one conse- cutive in a series, S.y. and elsewh.; nydl- bai pyi-ma, the last going to bed, Mil.', pyi-ma-rnams, the later ones, the moderns, frq. pyi-mo adj. late, da (nyi-ma} pyi- mor son dug-pas, it having grown late (in the day) Mil; *'i go pi-mo pe dug*, this door is not opened until later (in the day), W. *pi-mo c6(s}-Kan-ni td-gir*, the last baked, newest bread, W. pyi-rabs, the later generation, posterity. Cf. pyin, pyis. III. outside, pyii ziii, the field outside, as a third part of the property, exclusive of cattle and money (cf. syo init.); pyii so- nam, husbandry, farming Glr.; pyii-rgya- mfso, the outer sea, the ocean, Glr.; pyii mi Dzl. (Ms.), people from abroad, other, strange people, not belonging to the family, myron-nam pyi-mi-day ^dns-na, if (when) guests or strangers come, DzL; pyi-na, out of doors, abroad; pyi-nus, from without, from abroad; pyi-ru, pyir, out (proceeding from the interior of a place to the exterior), less frq., v. pyi-rol; pyi-la, id., B. and C. frq. - pyi-tfyoy Sch.: with knees bent out- ward. pyi-gliu v. rgya-pi-lin under ryya comp. ; pyi-dgrd v. dgra. - *pi-(s)ta-la and -ru*. W. for pyi-rol-na etc.; *pi-sta-la cd-ce*, euphemist. for 'going to the water- closet'. pyi-ndn, the outside and inside, *pi naii I6y-ce*, W., bsgyiir-ba, Schr. to turn inside out, e.g. a bag; Icdys-kyi syrom- la-soys-pa syrom pyi nan rim-pa bdun tsam, an iron box (coffin) and moreover a series of 7 boxes one within the other Tar. 28; pyi nan ynyis-ka smin-pa, ripe both as to the outside and inside, Dzl.', pyi nan ytsan, pure as to thought and action. With re- spect to religion, this expression generally denotes the difference between Non-Bud- dhism or in a more limited sense Brah- manism and Buddhism; frequently ysan is added as a third item, being explained by: pyi lus nan nay )'sdii-ba yid, which explanation however is insufficient, e.g. in the passage : cos pyi nan ysa/i Pth., in which moreover merely a classification within the Buddhist religion seems to be spoken of. Political distinctions are made in Glr.: pyi nan bar ysum-yyi byd-ba byed-pai blon-po, yet without sufficiently elucidating the sub- ject. The terms pyi Ita and nan Ita, Glr. fol. 89, as well as pyi ltdr-du and nan ltdr-du, Pth. p. 10 I am at a loss to ex- plain. pyi-pa \ . B. and col. a Non-Bud- dhist, more particularly a Brahmanist, also for pyi-pai cos, the doctrine of Brahma pyi-pa-la dga Glr. 2. Chr. Prot.: heathen, one that is neither a jew nor a Christian. - pyi-yul 1. Sen. foreign country. ?. pyi sndn-bai yul, the external world, opp. to: ndn-yi sems, Mil. pyi-rol, 1. the outside, mdl - gyi pyi - rol, the outside of the bed, Glr.; pyi-rol-na, -tu, -nas, in B. gen. for pyi-na, -ru, -nas; adv. outside, out of doors, out, from without; postp. on the out- side before (the door), (he was turned) out 350 of (the house), (he comes) from without (the village), frq.; *pi-log* W. id.; *cdg-ri pi-log la*, outside before the (garden) wall. 2. mystic: ydon bgegs pyi-rol-tu Q dzin-pa, to believe goblins and demons to be really existing in the outer world Mil. pyi-sa, excrements S.g. ; the supposed food of cer- tain demons Tligy. pyi-lha ? IV. pyi-la, on account of, v. pyir. pyi-lciig, Cs.; a blow with the side of the hand. pyi-fdn, threat, menace, Mil.nt. pyi - bddr (or brdar} byed-pa, to clean, to cleanse Dzl. and elsewh. ; bydd- kyi pyi-bddr bsol-nas kyait though you do not wash your face Mil. 5>.*x- pyi-pur, a kind of ornament, similar to pan. ft.q. pyi-ba S.g., O pyi-ba Lt., 1. the large marmot of the highlands of Asia, Arc- tomys Boibak. 2. v. O byi-ba. Zrgr pyi-mo, I. col. *a-pyi, a-pi*, grand- T mother, Cs. II. \.pyi II. 5*-q- Pur. *pyih-pa*; Ld., Lh. *piii-pa*, elsewh. cin-pa, felt, O ded-pa, to make felt, to mill, to full Sch.; pyin -gur, felt- tent, a Tartar hut; pyin-stdn, felt-carpet, felt-covering ; pyin-deb Sch. : a wrapper or cover made of felt. r- pyid = pyi, after, following ]pyid-nyin, ^ ' the day after to-morrow, Cs. pyid-pa I. (\.pyi ni f.) to retard, prolong, maintain, with fse: to main- tain one's life, to earn a livelihood, W. e.g. *gdr-ra co-te* or * cos-si ndn-ne fsepid-ce*, to maintain one's self as a smith, or by religion, (being a Lama). II. to freeze, *kdn-pa pid-soh*, the foot is frozen, suffer- ing from chilblains; *mig pid son*, the eyes are inflamed, snow-blind, W. (G 1 . *&''*). III. v. O pyid; byid. ftr- pyin for pyi, in certain phrases: 1. y" pyin-cdd, -cad, later, afterwards, pyin- cdd sdom, bound over for the time to come, e.g. not to do a thing again ; da pyin-cdd, from the present moment, from henceforth, frq.; O di pyin, id.; de pyin-cdd, rarely de pyin-nas, Tar. 57, 2 since, since that time, ever since. 2. outside, pyin rtsig-pa med- de as there was no wall outside Glr.; pyin- dgrd a foreign enemy Glr. ; pyin-las out- ward business, foreign affairs Z);z. Pyin-ti-ty, anything wrong, in- correct, deceptive, fallacious; per- versity; pyin-ci-loy-gis bsldd-de corrupt, de- praved by perversity Dzl. ; pyin-ci ma log- pao it is infallible (of a spell), synon. to bden- pa ; ltd-ba pyin-ci ma log-pa correct view, opinion Pth. ; pyin-ci-log-tu ston-pa to teach a false doctrine; bio pyin-ci ma log-par, with a never erring mind Mil. Stercj" pyi n -p<*> I- B-, C. *cin-pa*, Sp. *pin- pa*, little used in W.: 1. to come, to get to, advance, arrive; lam pyed tsdm- du, having got about midway, Dzl.; der pyin-pa daft, frq.; cuprdg-pa tsdm-dupyin- to, the water reached up to his shoulders, Dzl.; *pin-na* Sp., is he arrived? sbyin- pai pa - rol pyin , that goes farther than alms-giving, surpasses it, Glr.: dpag-fsdd Inar pyin-pa, to be five miles in length, Dzl. 2. to go, to proceed, snon-la pyin- pa, Pth.; ma pyin-par sleb, without going, without moving from the place, he arrives at ... Mil. ; bud-med de'i rtsar ma pyin, he did not go to the woman (euphemist.) Glr. ; stab-stob-du nan-du pyin-te, he went in, ran in, in a great hurry. (Probably the word is cog. to pyi, and therefore = Q byun- ba, O fon-pa.) II. v. Jbyin-pa. jrjx- pyw, prop, the termin. of pyi: I. 1. adv. back, towards the back, behind; pyir ^on-ba, to come back, to return Dzl. and elsewh., frq.; also used in a special sense rel. to re-birth lan-ycig pyir ^oh-ba, pyir mi ^6h-ba v. Jbrds-bu(bzi); pyir Q gro- ba, pyir O don-ba etc., id.; pyir Q dug-pa, to remain behind, at home, Dzl.; pyir jog- pa, to leave behind, at home, to lay aside, to lay up, Dzl.; again (mrsws), pyir Idn- ba, to get up again, after having fallen; pyir ldog-pa, Ug-pa, to come back again, to return ; pyir Idog-pai lam, the way back, the return, Dzl. ; pyir mi Idog-pa, the not 351 taking place of relapses, the prevention of them, Lt. ; pyir zlog-pa, to bring back, to draw off, to divert from; pyir sos-par O gyur- ba, to return to life; pyir sdns-nas, having come to himself again, having recovered, Dzl.', pyir md-la smrds-pa, he replied to his mother, Dzl. ; pyir-log skyon-pa, to make one ride backward, with the face to the horse's tail. 2. postp. e.g. behind, after, nai pyir e* O gro Pth., will you follow me? come with me ? instead of this more care- lessly: ha pyir Mil. \ pyir-bzin ~ pyi-bzin frq. - II. afterwards, hereafter, at a later time Thgy.', pyir ^on-ba, to come too late Dzl. III. out, pyir -la out (motion from an interior to an exterior place), pyir fon-pa, Q gro-ba, O den-ba, ysegs-pa to go out, skyur- ba, to cast out, pyir bstdn-nas, turned in- side out (the lining of a coat) Glr.; pyir O biid-pa Sch.: 'to put out, to remove; to come to an end, to be completely exhausted'; sgo pyir mi yton-ba, not to let out at the door, to keep locked in or shut up Pth. In C. also pyi-la is used in this sense. pyir-zin ace. to Lexx. = WSffl more (ex- ceeding in number or degree). IV. postp. e.g., &\sopyir-du, more rarely pyir-na( W. *pi-la*) on account of, 1 . (propter) = by or through, cii pir Kyod di-ltar gyur, whereby or through what have you got into this plight? Dzl. ; without Kyod: where does that come from? Dzl. ; *l nad ci pi- la yons*, by what has this disease been caused? W.', ynod-pai pyir- du, because I have done you harm Mil. 2. for, for the sake of (causa), for the good or benefit of, from love to Dzl. ; for the purpose of, brtdg- pai pyir-du, in order to try or to prove Glr. Whether pyir with the infinitive, esp. of one-rooted verbs, is to be resolved by because or in order that, can be determined only by the context. py I- a dv- behind, pyis ni sgra Jbyun, behind, i.e. behind your back, voices are heard; gen. with respect to time: after- wards, later, pyis Jbyun-ba, to arise, to follow, to come later Wdit.\ also in reference to things past, of a later date than others that had happened before them Glr. ; pyis- naskyaii, also in future, in after times Mil.-, pyis-nyin, on the following day (= san) Dzl.', at some future time, some (future) day, Dzl.\ da pyis = da pyin-cad Glr.', dus pyis = dus pyi zig-na, subsequently, here- after Pth. ; pyis sl<ye-ba-med-pa , one that in future will not be re-born Mil. ; on the other hand : pyis skyes bu Sch., a son born after the death of his father ; su-bas kyan pyis last of all Dzl.', pyis-pa v. O pyi-ba (I.); it is also construed like a sbst. : . . . fob- pat pyis sig-na, at a time subsequent to his having obtained, = after he had ob- tained Tar. II. sbst. in compounds: clout, rag, duster, cloth, snd-pyis, Mg-pyis, pydg- pyis\ pyis-pa, v. O pyi-ba II. OTra- pyfy-pa adj. rich, also fig. : yon-tan ^ ' du-mai dpdl-gyis pyug-par sog, may I grow rich in the splendour of numerous accomplishments! pyug-po, adj. rich, sbst. a rich man, pyug-po cen-po zig a rich nobleman Mil. ; pyug-mo a rich lady ; pyug- Kydd riches, wealth, opulence Dzl.\ pyug- par O gyur-ba to grow rich, byed-pa to make rich; pyug-dbul rich and poor; pyug dbul med no difference between rich and poor Dzl. zmm' P'yuff 8 * cattle > sgoipyugs v. sgo-,pyugs ^Z, ' O fso-ba to tend cattle Glr.; pyugs- kyi sih-rta Cs., a bullock cart; pyugs-nad disease of cattle, murrain ;noi'-pyugs, chattels, all kinds of property Dzl. pyur-buSch. hay-rick, shock of sheaves, heap Of Sticks (Schr. O pyur-ba, to heap up). tpye W. *pe*, resp. ysdn-pye, zib, 1. flour, meal, esp. 2. flour of parched barley, - rtsdm-pa. 3. iorpye-ma, dust, powder etc.; pye O fdy-pa, fsdg-pa, to grind corn to flour; to sieve; pyer O fdg-pa, to reduce to flour. - 4. v. Jbyed-pa. rgydgs-pye flour as provision for a journey Glr.', *ndn-pe* W. = rtsdm-pa\ also parched meal. Icdgs-pye iron filings; rdo-pye, stone reduced to powder, small particles of stone; spos-pye, tsdndan- gyipye-ma, sandlewood powder, fumigating 352 ' pye-ma-leb powder; bag - pye wheat flour; brag - pye small fragments of stone, produced by stone- cutting Glr. ; sih-pye saw-dust ; yser-pye gold- dust ; pye-Jcug flour-bag ; pye-sgye flour sack ; Cs.: 'a double pouch for meal'; pye-snod, flour-tub; pye-por Cs. a box for meal; pye- pdd, flour-bag; pye-ban, flour -store; pye- ma, dust, powder; saw -dust, filings etc. ; pye-mar terniin. of pye-ma ; pye-mdr (Hindi tflq-ri) flour roasted with melted butter, sweetened with sugar, considered a dainty. ST&rajn* pye-ma-leb Lex , *pe-ma-leb - tse* W., butterfly. &Z' pyed I. half; pyed- dan -ynyis ('which 7 ' with an additional ^ would be - 2') one and a half etc. ; brgya-prdg pyed-dan- ysum, two hundred and fifty; *ydn-ce > C., *ydn-ped, ped-di(san) ped, ped-yan-ped* W. one fourth, a quarter; yuh-pyed one eighth (little used); mi-pyed half a man, also used for woman Pth. (n.f.); zla-pyed v. zld-ba; zla-ba-pyed-pa, lasting half a month, e. g. a disease. pyed-ka, -pa, -ma, Cs., pyed- po Cs. and vulg. one half; pyed-ma also: partner to one half ; O dii ndh-na nai pyed- ma zig kyaii yod-de, as I have still a partner in this business ;pyed-kruft, half a skyil-krun (q. v.), drawing in one leg, and stretching out the other Glr.; pyed-glin, peninsula; pyed-brgydd= pyed-dan-brgyad hence sbst.: half a rupee, = 7 points on the gold-steel- yard C. II. v. Jbyed-pa. jk- py en ( vul g- peri), wind, flatulence Med.; yton-ba, to let go a wind; pyen sor son, a wind has escaped (me etc.); pyen- dbugs Cs., id.; pyen-dri, a low, soft wind. Srl^T Pyo^pydf *co-cd zer-wa*, to set On or at (to set a dog at a person) C. pi$j* Py9 s I- side, direction; pyoys gan- nas from whence? pyogs der, there, thither, in that direction ; yul del pyogs-su or-la^son, proceed in the direction of yonder village; ltdg-pa (for -pai) pyogs-su Wdn. towards the nape of the neck; pyogs ycig- tu or -la towards one side, in one direc- tion; also for together, e.g. to sweep to- gether, to heap together; vulgo also for at the same time, at once; kyim-pai su byin-pas, bestowing on lay-men DzL; cos pyogs-su yton-ba to spend for pious pur- poses Mil.', in the same manner: dge-bai pyogs-su, to devote to benevolent designs Mil.-, for, in behalf of, for the benefit of: ytdn-groys pyogs-su si-lcebs byed-pa, to die, to undergo death for the sake of husband or wife Mil.; in letters usually: de-jjyogs- su, there with you, O di-pyogs-su, here with us. 2. quarter of the heavens, the cardinal points of the horizon; pyogs bzi, the four points of the compass; pyogs bzir, round about, in all directions; e.g. round (a person or place) ; pyogs bzi - nas, from all sides ; frequently also pyogs bcu, the ten points of the compass are spoken of, which are the following: sar, sar-lho, Iho, Iho-nub, nub, nub-bydh, byah, byan-sdr, sten- and ^og-pyogs (Zenith and Nadir); pyogs-skyon, pyogs-skyoii-rgydl-po, lha cen-popyogs-skyon- ba bcu similar to jig-rten-skyoh (v. skyon- ba), yet ten in number; rgya-gdr-gyi sdr- pyogs-na, to the east of India; rgya-gdr sdr-pyogs-pa-rnams , the eastern Indians. - 3. sa- pyogs, country, region, neighbour- hood, part, dben-pai sa-pyogs, lonely region, solitary part; jigs pai sa-pyogs, an unsafe country; yuLpyogs id., nai sa-pyogs-na in my country Mil, C. 4. part, party, also pyogs-ris; yzdn-la pyogs O gyur-ba, to take another man's part, to side with a certain person Thgy.\ pyogs-(i*is) byed-pa c. genit. W., *cog-(ri) co-ce*, pyogs O dzin-pa Tar., pyogs tsam rig -pa Tar. 119,4 id.; pyogs- med impartial, sine ira et studio, gen. in a Buddhist ascetic sense: indifferent to every thing ;py6ys-ca Mil., pyogs-lhun Lex., prob. also pyogs-zen Tar. 184, 22, partial, inter- ested ',pyogs-cairtog-pa, hesitation, scruples, arising from still feeling an interest in a thing Mil.; in a general sense it is used in: pyogs -mf suns -pa similar Wdn., Tar.; pyogs- mfun - du Tar. 190,16 ought to be rendered: appropriate, suitable, adequate; rdn-pyogs one's own party, yzdn-pyogs the other or opposite party ; j'nyen-pyogs friends, dgrd-pyoys enemies; dkdr- pyoys the good, 353 yoys-pa the well-disposed, esp. the good spirits, ndg- pyoys, sdig-can-gyi pyogs the bad, malicious, esp. the evil spirits, devils. 5. in popular language the word is used also with respect to time: *Ka-san-st6n-cogs* Ld., last autumn. pydgs-pa I. vb. to turn vb. n., cos- la to turn to religion Schr. ; pyir pyogs-pa to turn one's self back, to turn aside (Schr. pyir pyogs -par byed-pa, to divert from, to dissuade from) Tar. 12, 14 28,9. Jii-Kar pyoys-pa turned to dying = near dying? Kor-ba-la rgydb-kyis pyoys- pa, to turn one's back to the orb of trans- migration; mnon-du pyogs-pa, l.to be visible, to be evident, to be exposed to view(?), Iho- hos-su mnon-du pyogs-pai brag-las Jbyun- ba growing on a surface rock on the south- side Sambh. ; don de mnon-du pyogs -par byd-baipyir, in order to bring this meaning to the light, to express it clearly Gram.(l). 2. to be openly or evidently attached to, to adhere to(?) rgyud-la to a Tantra or treatise Sambh. II. adj., sbst., attached to, following; a partizan, an adherent. Bfc'CJ' Pyod-pa Cs. progress, pyod ce-ba, great progress ; Lex.: sa-pyod-ce v. cod. 2g^* pyor Mil., prob. for mcor. z- pra, O pra, ornament (?), jewel (?) pra rgydg-pa, ryydb-pa, O god-pa, O debs-pa, Sch. also pros sprd-ba, to insert an orna- ment of jewels, to stud with jewels; rmog- la pad-ma-ra-gai pra btdb-pa de, this set of rubies on the helmet, this helmet stud- ded with rubies Glr. ; rin-cen sna-fsogs-kyis pra bkod-pa Mil.', pra-fsom border, trim- ming, Lex. pra-rgyds Was. (2\} bag-la nydl- ba, vanities, i.e. passions, errors, er- roneous notions. pra-dog v. prag-dog. 1 1. v. O pra-ba. 2. Lt. a disease of children. 3. adj., gen. prd-mo (Cs. also bo) thin, fine, minute, opp. to sbom-po q.v., sbrul prd-mo zig Tar. ; in a general gsTfST prdg-pa sense, little, small, sems-can prd-mo-rndms ; nd-pra-mo, little as to age, young, Mil.', trifling, little, slight, rndm-rtog prd-mo slight scruples, Mil.; rdzun prd-mo, a little lie, a fib, Thyy.; *td-mo-ne fon-wa, lab -pa*, to see, to inspect most accurately, to learn the minutest details, C.; thin, high, rel. to voice W.; pra-zib Lex., fine and exact; sin- tu prd-ba, in reference to the doctrine of Buddha, implying prob. its subtilties. Cf. pran. * P ra ~ ma -, calumny, slander, esp. through tell-tales and intermeddling persons B. and col.; prd-ma byed-pa Dzl., smrd-ba Cs.,jug-pa B. and C., *cd-ce* W., resp. (when referring to a person of higher rank) ysol-ba, zu-ba, to calumniate, slander, vilify, blacken; prd - ma - mfcan Cs. calumniator, slanderer. pra- men, sorcery, witchcraft Schr.; so prob. Pth.: mi-dgos-pai pra-men- gyi nan-sfidgs, an evil magic spell of per- nicious necromancy; pra-men-po and -pa masc., -mo and -ma fern., necromancer, wizard, witch ; pra-men rdzd-ki (for dzo-gi, ra-sags, 'prd-mo, v. prd-ba', v. O prd-ba. rrm' prag pro vine, also dbrag, srag, 1. in- ' termediate space, interstice, interval, hence prdg-tu = bdr-du Thgy.-, a hollow, ravine, defile; smin-prdg v. smin-ma. 2. after cardinal numbers it seems to corre- spond about to the Greek subst. termina- tion ag: bcu-prdg a decade, brgya-prdg a hundred (century), ston-prdg a thousand (chiliad), brgya-prag ?cig, brgya-prag bcu\ ston-prdg bzi-bcu-zig, a number of forty thousand Dzl. ; bdun-prdg, eftdo(.iaq, week (recognized as a measure of time, but in common life not much in use). prdg-pa, 1. sbst., resp. sku-prdg shoulder, prdg-pa -la ^gel-ba Glr., fogs-pa Sambh. to load on one's shoulder; grogs-poi prdg-pa-la O dzeg-pa, to mount the shoulder of one's companion Dzl.', upper arm, prag-yu ynyis-kyi sa Dzl, prag-g6h 354 pran Lt. id. 2. vb., also O prdg-pa, to envy, to grudge, Cs. ; prog-dog, pra-dog, the envy, prog-dog skye envy is stirring within me, I envy, frq. ; prag-dog-can^ envious, grudg- ing, jealous Ptii. Zp* pran, v. O pran. 5^' prod, fsig-frdd, prdd-kyi yi-ge, particle, ^ ^ e.g. rndm-dbye-prad the signs of the cases, kyi, la etc. prdd-pa v. O prdd-pa\ prdd-po for _, jjj'n" pran,prdn-bu, (7s. also jw'tm- ' 3I te)=prd-mo, little, small, trif- ling, yet more in particular phrases, and less used in books, than in common life, esp. in C. : *rin fem-bhu te-dhe* (lit. : sprad-de} having paid, spent a trifle; *zu-ba fnn-bhu zig* a small request; *fem-bhu ciy* a little bit C. ; as sbst. : 1 . part of the body (whether in a general or a more particular sense, I have not been able to ascertain); in me- dical writings ihepran-bui nad form a class of their own; yan-ldg-gi pran y cod-pa Glr., to maim, to mutilate parts of the body (not necessarily to castrate Sch.^). 2. knives and other small instruments used in surgery Med. 3. pran-rdn in the polite episto- lary style the person of the writer, 'my own little self, 'your humble servant' ; prdn-la rdn-gi = to me my . . ., inst. of: nd-la na-rdh- gi. pran-fsegs, trifles, minor matters; O dul- ba pran-fsegs-kyi yzi the minutiae of reli- gious discipline, Dulva. , pran-ne-rtsag-tsi stated to te = pyin-ci-Ug Ld. pran-fsegs v. prdn-bu extr. 5JQJ" pral v. prdl-ba, 5J^T pri-ba v. O pri- ba; 51^* prid v. sbnd-pa. a^ prin, O prin, news, tidings, intelligence, message, prin bzdn-po, good tidings, favourable accounts ; prin-bkur-mKan, mes- senger, vulgo;/5rm skur-ba, sprin-ba to send word, information, Kyer-ba, to bring tidings, intelligence; sprod-pa, O prod-pa to deliver; smrd-ba, r)od-pa, byed-pa to report, to de- liver messages orally; to superiors: ysol-ba, zu-ba; to inferiors: sgo-ba, ysuh-ba; fcd-boi prin yah de-la byos sig deliver a message to him also from me Dzl. ; prin-ytam mes- sage, report Cs.\ prin-pa messenger ; news- monger Cs. ; prin-bzdn gospel Chr. Prot.; prin-yig letter, epistle; prin-ldn answer to a message. prin-lds (W. *cag-lds*} 1. resp. for las labour, business; deed, work, frq.; rdb-tu-ynds-pai prin-las mdzad (the Buddhas) performed the work of consecra- ting Glr.; prin -Ids mam bzi the same as zi-rgyas-dbah-drdg-gi prin-lds Glr., v. ex- planation under zi-ba; prin-lds col-ba,prin- bcdl byed-pa ccdpar. to commit a thing to another person's care or trust, e.g. before going on a journey; in reference to gods: to recommend to their protection or blessing Glr. and elsewh. 2. po. for prin-lds-pa commissary Glr., where Avalokitesvara is called prin-lds of all Buddhas. 3. effi- ciency, power Mil. v. prug. fq- prii-ba, O pru-ba = K6g-ma earthen pot, pan, stew-pan. 5T$J* pru-mc^ O pru-ma 1. uterus, matrix of ^o animals, or ace. to Cs. merely the in- teguments of the eggs ; ace. to some, also the urinary bladder. 2. encampment, = dmag-sgdr L,ex. jxar pmg 1. in compounds for prug - gu, 3> ' pru-gu child, a young one (of animals); prug-gu-mo a little girl 6s.; priig-gu skyed- pa to beget children, yso-ba to rear, to bring up (children) ; priig-gu skye a child is born ; sor a miscarriage, abortion, takes place; prug-gui dm childhood; da -prug orphan; nal-prug bastard ; gldh-pmg the young one of an elephant; seii-pnig a lion's cub etc.; metaph. of disciples and subalterns: fson- priiy the merchants of a caravan in their relationship to. their leader fson-dpon. 2. fine cloth or woollen stuffs Wts., snam-pritfj id. 7 dbus-prug woollen goods from I Mil. iJcn^T" P'/ 8 one day with the night, a pe- xl riod of 24 hours, but this sig- nification does not hold good in every case. prud-yzon 355 pan ' pmd-yzon v. yzoii-pa. prum Lt and S.gJ prum-rus cartilage, gristle. 5Jf'J&T pmm-prum Sik. -- pum-pum. N ^O 6s. = p'rd-mo. -pren-ba v. O pren-ba. s*~' pred, opred, cross, transverse; across, ' athwart, obliquely; pred-du, col. Vrf- fed-la*, crossways, in a cross direction; pred-lam, a path (horizontal or inclined) leading along the side of a mountain, (cf. on the other hand O pran); p'red-ytdn bolt or bar of a gate; *ted-la ddn-po*, horizon- tal W. J>f%f pro-bo something like: a child's frock or chemise Ld. (?) prog etc. v. O prog; |q', S&T p'rob, prot v. cjw'06, O prol. 5l" jw-os v. O pro-ba. pf- oW*> 1- to rise, to be raised, e.g. a post or stake raised by the frost; to soar up, to fly up to heaven, a miraculous feat often performed by the saints oi legends, Dzl and elsewh.; of rays of light, DzL and elsewh. ; fig. : to be higher, more elevated, del steh-du (or de-las) dpag- fsdd brgyad-Tcri (or more accurately Kris} O pdgs-so Glr., Pth., (this region) lies by 80000 miles higher than that/S^.; to grow larger, longer, of the apparent lengthening of the teeth when aching W. ; of horses : to rear, to rise up on the hind-legs; more par- ticularly of the deifying of saints; thus the demi-god-like king Srontsansgampo in his farewell speech says: Kyed kun O pdgs-pai byin-rlabs yin I am the divine instrument of your elevation (your elevation-blessing), he who will effect your ascent to heaven or deification; part.pf. pdffs-pa(Ssk.^[TSS(), sublime, exalted, raised above, pdl-las O pdgs- par bzdn-ba a more than ordinary beauty DzL; yzan-pas Q pdgs-par gyur-to he far excelled others Dzl. ; Kyc'id-(par) O pags-(pa), distinguished, excellent, glorious, yid-las fcyad- O pags rgya-gar-yul India, the most glorious country; nor-sna Kydd-par O pdgs-pa brgyai O bul-ba an offering of a hundred of the most costly kinds of jewels Pth.] esp. in refe- rence to holy persons, things, places etc.; title of saints, and teachers of religion, with the fern. O pdgs-ma; pdgs-pa^o,T excellence' is Avalokitesvara, in W. esp. the one, that has his throne at Triloknath in Chamba, v. re- pdgs; the word is also frq. used as an epithet, placed at the head of the title- pages of religious writings; lastly it is a name of common persons. O pdgs-pai nor bdun the seven treasures of the saints : sbyin- pa, fsul-Krims, ddd-pa and the like Mil. O pdgs(j-pai) yul 1 . elevated country, high- land. 2. the holy land of the Buddhists, the tracts of the middle Ganges ; O pags-pai skad, the Sanskrit language Lex. O pags- rgyal Tar. and elsewh. = ^^fq^fj Schf., town and district of Ujain. 2. the word is stated to imply also to play, to joke, to make sport C. oP a ! v. pan I. 2. also O pans, dpans, spans, height, O pdn-du, O pdns- su in height; fcri- pan v. AH, go- pan v. go; )"nam- pan, the height of the heavens Lex., Mil.; dbu- pan fig. highness, subli- mity, dkon-mcog-gi dbu- pd/i smdd-pa to lower, to detract from the sublimity of God (v. dkon-mcog'), to blaspheme God Doman; O paiis-mf6 high DzL; O pd>'is-mfo-ba, O pans- mfon-dmdn relative height DzL O pdn-ba fut., O pans-papf. of. O pen- pa. O p ans -P a ! f r( l- ^ or pans-pa to spare, to save DzL; kindly and carefully to protect from harm, e.g. a drun- ken Lama Thgy. ; hence prob. the version jpqj^; O pans - med yfoh-sems-ldan liberal, bounteous, without restriction S.g. 2. Glr. also for O p6ns-pa provinc. QSMT P an ! v - P an C 1 )- ~ n< O p dn -y ul ' Glr., O pdn-po Hue II, 242; name of the nearest alpine valley north of Lhasa, the inhabitants of which are said to speak an indistinct dialect. 38* 356 idm-pa , pf- ^w*5 PP- to r gy al- ba to be beaten, conquered, to come off a loser, to get the worst of, yyul(-las) in battle Dzl ; lha-ma-ym-las by the Asuras Dom.; in law-suits, in traffic etc.; O pdm- par O gyur-ba B., *pam ()6-wa* C. id ; also with pam, as if it were a sbst. : *pam kiir- wa* C. to put up with, to bear a loss, da- mage, defeat; O pam bldn-ba Glr., Pfh. prob. id.; O pdm-par byed-pa to beat, to defeat, to conquer, rgyd-mams O j5dm-j)ar byas he conquered the Chinese Glr.; rds-pas bon- po cos-kyis pdm-byas-te Raspa overcoming the Bonpo by the doctrine of Buddha (v. cos 3.) Mil.; *pam cug-ce or kdl-ce*, W. id.; pam pog son I have met with a loss, I suffered damage, opp. to gyal fob son; pam-rgydl ma bsres-na if one is not inclined now for a serious struggle, will not stand the chance of ... Mil. ; yid- pdm-pa Mil., *sems pdm-po* C. dejection; yid- pdm-ma a low-spirited, dejected woman Mil.; pdm- pa Glr., pdm-po the vanquished etc. ; *pam- pe no-len co-ce* W. to give in, to ask par- don ; mi- p dm i. invincible. 2. a man's name. 3. mi- pam mgon-po Zam., also mi- pdm cos-kyi rje is stated to be - jam-dbydhs. oP ar Cs. in compounds: board, sgo- O par board or leaf of a door. o pdr-ba I. sbst. v. pdr-ba. P f - oPW s Sch O bhj(s)-pa. O pir-ba Ts. = Jnir-ba, to fly. II. vb. (vb. n. to spor-ba) 1. to rebound, of stones, *bar-ndn-la* W. to splash up, of water, to fly up, of sparks; to leap, to bound, to throb, of the veins, rtsa O par, the pulse is beating; *par td-ce* W., to feel one's pulse; *nyin-kapar dug* his heart is throb- bing, palpitating; *pdr-ra rag*\ have heart- throbbing (v. rag)\ O pdr- pro cad v. O pro- ba 2; sd-la O pdr-ba, to fidget, to be restless, to jump, from fear Pfh.; pdr-gyis Q pdr-ba Lex. prob. the same as O pdr-ba. 2. Cs. to be raised, elevated, promoted, advanced. opdr-ma, Sch. 'double, manifold'; brgya- par-ma, Sch. 'more than hundred'. O pdl-ya V*-* incision, indentation. notch. epiih-ba, pf. pun, to sink, to begin to decay, to be in declining circum- stances. to get into misery, either by one's own fault, or that of others (opp. to fse/i- ba) Glr. and elsewh.; bod-yul O puii-bai las a deed to the detriment of Tibet Glr. ; in a similar manner bod-yul O pun-bai puh-gon, mischievous conjurers in order to inflict an injury on Tibet Ld.-Glr. Schl. 21, b; mgdr- gyis ryyd-yul piu'i-bar byds-pa-rnams drdn- nas, remembering the calamities brought on China by Mgar Glr. ; O pu*-bar O gyiir-ba B., *pitn-du <16-wa* C., *pun cd-ce* W., to be ruined, to perish, O puh-bar byed-pa B., O pun-la sbyor-ba Mil., prob. also yton-ba, ^jug -pa to ruin, to undo Pth.\ ran- pun having been reduced by one's own fault; Q pun-dkrol or llrol the decay of fortune, ruin, destruction Mil. and elsewh. ; O puh-yzi cause, occasion of decay Mil. n njr-q- O pud-pa to lay aside, to put away, to separate, = O bud-pa Cs. (?), sug- pa O pud-pa, to clear, to part the flour from the bran, to sieve Sch. (?) O pub-pa = O bi'tb-pa to cover with a roof Sch. (?) <ur-ba, pf. pur, 1. to ty; pur-gyis O pur-ba Lex., prob. id.; cf. par- ba. 2. to wrap up, envelop, muffle up; Dzl. 3/^Sj 10: rin-po-ce gos-kyi mfd-mar the gem into the skirt of the coat, and like- wise Dzl.9QV, 13 read: gos-mfar pur-te, inst. of byuh-ste', mgo gos-kyis Mil. (col. not used). 3. mnycd-pa to rub with the hand, e.g. linen in washing, leather in tan- ning Glr. ; to scratch (softly) C. o^w) P refix ' de S 9 S da ~ yig gds- pul-can , these and others have d with the prefix g : bds- pul- kao words beginning with k with the prefix b; bd-yis Q pul-bai sla, viz. bsla . . .; das- O pul-med these receive no d as prefix; sa- 357 - O p6ns-pa ra- Id -mams O pul-fsul ni the manner in which prefixes are joined with words be- ginning with .s, r or /; rkya/i- pul words be- ginning with a simple consonant (to which also ya-j /'-, and la- tags are reckoned), preceded by a prefix; brtsegs- pul, words beginning with two consonants and a prefix e.g. bska Gram. opu^'ha I. v. the preceding article. - II. vb. 1. = Jbiil-ba, to give. - 2. to push, to jostle; *pul-fug yydb-i-e*, to push with the fist, with the trunk, (of ele- phants) etc., W.; gru-moi O pul-rdeg cig byed- pa, to jostle with the elbow Mil.; vulgo *pul-dag or fag* W., * pul-fsug* C. v. peg. for the pres.) O paii, \tivp. pon, p 1. to throw, to cast, to fling; ndm-mKa-la into the air DzL; K'6r-bar, to throw into the orb of transmigration Mil. ; dmydl-bar, to cast into hell Thgy. ; *t?a pan - ce*, to shovel snow (out of the road, from the roof); *pdn-te bor-ra tsig-te bor* am I to throw down the wood, or pile it up? W.; *pu pan - ce* to cast the hair W. ; hence O p'an, spindle, and O pcn-siit, ace. to Sch., a wea- ver's shuttle (it being flung). 2. to fire off, to discharge, to let fly, mda, an ar- row, yzan-la, at another DzL; O pen-duu dart, javelin Stg. ; to shoot, O pen-mi ses-pa, W. *p'an-mi-ses-lM)i* } one that does not know how to shoot. 3. Sch. O pen - pa bii't-ba 'to intend, to have a mind, to think upon, to consider', (yet in the only passage, in which I met with the word, in Thgr., the above meaning does not seem appli- cable). P d ~ ba L vb - ^'P el (F^) vb>n ' to spel-ba, opp. to O g rib-pa, 1. to increase, augment, multiply, enlarge, frq.; *sum Ian nyi-la team pel* how many are two times three? W. ; O pel- arib-kyi dbdit- gis in consequence of the increase and de- crease Gram.; Q pel- grib-nc'id, prob. diseases ai'ising from an excess or deficiency of hu- mours Wdn.2. to improve, to grow better, bsam-ytdn or tugs-dam ^p'el-ba ijin medi- tation has improved, has proceeded better Mil. IT. sbst., Sch. also O pel-ka, 1. in- crease. '2. development S.g. Q^n 1 oP~b a pf- an( ^ imp- P OS ) P r P- in- trans. to spo-ba, - yna$-spo-ba; 1. to change place, shift, migrate frq.; myur- du O pos-sig, go speedily elsewhere! DzL; in a more general sense to change, O po-med bde-ba changeless happiness; in a similar sense O po- gyur-med-pai mal-Jbyor Mil.; yet frq. also vb. a.: Ku-ba yaii O po yah. O po byds si/'i pouring off the gravy again and again Pth.; very frq. fse O p'6-ba, O ci- p'6- ba, si- Q po-ba, to exchange life, to die, (in the earlier literature the most common ex- pression for it) ; the last of the above terms prob. may be explained by ci-zin O p'6-ba; ci- po-ba O debs-pa, Thgr. frq. seems to mean: to help the soul to a happy depar- ture. 2. 6'. to fall out, to shed, of wheat and corn in general. oPfy-P "* P^ an d secondary form pog, to hit, strike, touch, befal, meet, mndr-bai dris O p6g-pa fams-cdd all whom the sweet odour met, to whom it became perceptible DzL ; gen. with la: ^od-zer, grib- ma mi-la O pog., a ray of light, a shadow falls upon that man Glr. frq.; K6-la nod, fsdd-pa, cdd-pa O pog, disease, heat, punish- ment etc. has befallen him; yza- Q pog-mkan an epileptic person W., C.; the signification: to hurt, seems to be less inherent to the word than dependent on contingent circum- stances. oP ^ s ' archery, O p'6n - sa archery ground, O p f otl-mkan archer, O pon- skyen good, skilful archer DzL Q pon-fsos Cs. buttocks; O pons sit- ting-part, posteriors Lt., Wdn.; O poh-la skyon-pa Sch. 'the riding of two persons on one horse'. P /lS -P a l - vb.,pf. ^W)s orpons, to be poor, indigent; O p6iis-par bziig-pa to let (another) pine in poverty Tligu.; with instrum. to be deprived of, to lose, rgydl- po srds-kyis Q pons-nas the king having lost his son Pth. 2. also poiis-pa, sbst. poverty, 358 and adj. poor, v.pons-pa; perh. also dejected, disheartened. O p6d-pa= pod-pa, Cs.; Q$3' O pon-po = pon-po; qqq'q* o pob-pa = O bebs-pa Sch. oPya-ba, pf. O pyas, ace. to L<u-. == smdd-pa to blame, censure, chide; the context however, in which the word occurs, seems to suggest the meaning: to scoff, to deride, (Sch.} e.g. Dzl 913, 13. 9&L, 7. 3L, 15; also Pth. mis O pyd-i*u ^on, people will laugh at you. QOTra- O py d 9-p a , pf- opyag* wpyag* to sweep, to clean Lex., Pth.; cf. pyag-ddr. qsjC'q* Py arl - ba > pf- O py a " s , vb. n. to dpydn-ba, to hang down, dar sow- poi ge-sa O pyah-ba a handkerchief of blue silk hanging down from the head Sambh.; md-mcu fur-du O pydn-bd the lower lip hanging down, as a sign of death S.y.; to cling to a person, from love etc.; ije-btmn- yyi sku-la Mil., to the Reverend's person (or body?); ju-zin O pydn-ba to cling to, to take a firm hold of Thgy. O pyan-fdg plumb- line, sounding -line C. also dpydh-fag. - *cdn-Kem-pa* rope-dancer, esp. at the festi- vities of new-year C. wr <&f *****y*9<x'&y ^ ' Sch., singular, strange. ' O pyad Sch. = pyad. . * ydn-pa to ramble. to range, roam about, wander, stray from; O pydn-te ^ro-ba Dzl. ^vSG, 4. n r^m- O pydr-Tca Sch., blame, affront, dis- grace. * oPy dr -ba, imp. O pyor and pyor 1. to raise, to lift up; pru-gu ndm- Glr. to lift the infant up to heaven; to hold aloft, e. g. the dor-je in practising magic, pointing it towards heaven; so also sdiy-tndzub to raise the finger Mil.; rdl- gri, to lift up the sword to fetch a blow: to lift up the grain in a shovel, hence: to fan, to sift, to winnow. 2. to hoist, a flag, frq.; O pyar-ddr or dar- pydi\ a flag: in a Q,SpT O pyo-ba general sense: to hang up, so esp. W. *cdr- la* (Lad. *cds-la* for cars-la), *bor-ce* id.; * car -la tdn-ce* to hang a man; car - sin gallows; occasionally too: to cling or stick to an object. 3. 6s. to show, to represent to excite, to waken; O pyar-yyen, engaging, winning behaviour (= o )og-sgeys), pydr-ba byed-pa to assume an alluring attitude; O pydr-ka-can, tempting, graceful, charm- ing. Q^'q* O py*-b<* I. sbst. marmot, pyi-ba. II. vb. pf. pyis, O pyis 1. to be late, to be belated, to come too late ; gdl-te O pyis- na, if I come too late Dzl. ; da tfyod cun O pyis-pa yin you come just a little too late Pfa" > op!]*- v. pyi II. 2. also O py id- pa to wipe, to blot out, mig to wipe the eyes Pth.; ma -ma the tears Glr.; to pull out, spu the hair W.- to tear out, rlig-pa the testicles Sch.; O pyi-rds Cs., wiper, wip- ing-clout, duster; ldg- pyiCs., towel, v.pyis II. py*9-P a >Sch. to bind, better Jjyig- pa. Q pyil-ba for Kyil-ba to wind, to twist, (the hair) Wdn. O pyfy(*)-P a > rarel y %-p to be mistaken, also W.; to miss. lam, the road Lea;.; cu-fsod, to mistake the hour Pth. O pyur-ba 1. to mount, to rise up, of smoke; to overflow; inundate, of rivers and lakes Lex. 2. Sch. to heap up, to accumulate? \.pyur-bu. O py e -ba> pf. O pyes, to crawl, to creep, like snakes; esp. lto- pye, 'belly- creeper', snake, serpent; O pye-ba cen-po, 4j^| 4^1, name of a demon; O pye-bo, fern. mo cripple Lex. = rkah-med. oPy &n Mil = P!/* n > wind ' yton-ba, to let go a wind. q^q- O py-t> a pf- O pyos? i. to swim, of ^ fishes, Ml 2. to soar, to float. in the air Thgy. 3. to flow, heave, swell, of fluids Miig.; O pyo-ddr-ba Sch., to un- dulate. 4. to range, roam about, gambol, rtse-ziit O pyo-ba, of deer Mil. ; ri-la O pyo pyon-ba 359 O i>rdl-ba dgu, po. the wild animals of the field Sch. 5. snyin O pyo Sch., 'the heart is swel- ling, courage is rising'; however ses-pa O pyo Med., seems rather to imply: consciousness gives way, is wavering, flitting; sems O pyo Lt.? qgfe'q- PyoA-ba Lt. perh. = O pydn-ba; occasionally, like O pyons-pa used incorr. for mcoris-pa. ofyons-rgyteSch; pride, haugh- tiness, insolence. opy 6n - ma , harlot, prostitute, byed- pa, to whore, to fornicate Lex. oPyw-ba, v. pydr-ba, also for coV- ba; O pyor-po for mcor-po, hence O pyor-dga Sch. dandy, fop. O pyos-ma Sch., purchase-price of a bride. . vb., alsop*d-6a, pf.^Jras, to kick, to jerk, to strike with the foot, O pra-sdgs a stroke or kick with the foot, byed-pa to kick about with the feet, in a paroxysm of pain or anguish, Pth. ; * fa- say gydb-pa*, to give one a kick. II. = prd-ba, prd-mo. *V ra 9-> <>P rd 9-P a > to envy, grudge, v.pray. *, lam- prdn, a foot- path along a narrow ledge on the side of a precipitous wall of rock (not 'a defile or narrow pass' Sch.), frq.; bar- doi O pran the road of the abyss of the bar- do, (as with us : the valley of death) frq. Thgr.; bdr-doi O pran-sgrol, prob. a prayer for deliverance from that abyss Thgr. O pran- pml Sch. something hanging down. prud-pa pf- and fut. prad to meet together ; dan to meet with, to fall in with, to find; de dan prdd-do, you shall see him Dzl. ; de ni na dan prad mi fub, him I cannot admit Dzl; bdag dan Q prdd- par sog cig, come to see me Dzl.; snar na dan O prdd-pai ^og-tu not until they have met me (sensu obscoeno) Dzl.; byis-pai ro zig dan prdd-do he found the dead body of an infant Dzl.; O prad-fsams Sch. } inter- secting line of two plains, corner, angle. O prdb-pa = O prd-ba and Krdb- pa\ O prdb-byed-pa to flutter, of a bird wounded by a shot. Q^JO^ 5?Qj- O p>'al, pral, prob. to be re- garded as a sbst, like di*un, mdun, sna etc., expressing immediate near- ness; 1. in reference to space, but seldom, as for instance O prdl-du Kyi tir-id-de, having a dog near at hand Glr.; gen. 2. with re- spect to time: pral daii pugs, what is going to happen immediately and at a later period, presence and futurity; O pral-pugs-kyi ^al- rkyen fams-cdd sel-bar byed Glr. to avert immediate and subsequent disasters ; O pral pugs gdn-la bzan that is good both for the nearest and the more distant future; O pral dan yun-du now and for a long time to come ; ^ral-sog-^og-med-par without hav- ing gathered or laid up any thing for daily use Mil.; O prdl-gyi u dug-fsugs nan- pa a poor temporary dwelling, or also : a com- mon, ordinary dwelling, v. no. 3 ; Q pral-du sa yzan ma rnyed-de as at the moment he was not able to procure any other meat Dzl.; O prdl-du sleb yon Mil. I shall come immediately; O prdl-du dgos-pai yo-bydd the things necessary for daily use Dzl. ; O prdl-du O by6r-ba ma yin that is not to be had at a moment's bidding Dzl.; also postp. e.g. : del O prdl-la pan that will help the moment directly after it; more frq. after verbal roots = ma-fdg-tu'. pebs-p'rdl as soon as he had arrived Mil. ; smras-prdl as soon as it has been spoken S.g.; skyes-prdl im- mediately after birth Lt.; in compounds: pral-rkyen, pral-dgos, pral-pugs cf. above; pral-grig finished, ready, prepared, in pro- per case, (vulgo, esp. in W., a word much used) *tal-dig co-ce* to prepare, to get ready. 3. fig., common, ordinary, of daily occurrence, common-place, prdl-skad B., C., ( W. *p c dl-kad*) common dialect; zes pral- skad - la snaii so you may hear it in the language of the common people, Gram., Wdn. O prdl-ba, pf. pral, fut. dbral, imp. prol, vb.a. to J>rdl-ba, to separate, to part, *Ka tdl-wa*, id., C.; dan from; rtags dan pral he deprived them of their insignia Glr.; srog dan O p'rdl-ba to put to death, to inflict capital punishment Glr.; zug-tu O prdl-ba to cut into quarters (cattle) Mil.:, lto-ba prdl-ba to cut open, to rip up the belly Tar.- dbrdl-bar dka difficult to part, hard to be kept asunder Lex. p ras ~P a 1- pf- ofj-rd-ba; as sbst. stroke, blow, kick with the foot, Cs.; rkan- prds, id.; rtas- pras rgyay-pa, the kicking of a horse; lag- prds, a blow with the hand, Cs.; O ci- prds Lexx., si- pros vulg. (W. *sin-fds or /<?*), the kicking, struggling, moving in convulsions, of a dy- ing man or animal, agony. (Sch. O pras, to lie on one's side?). 2. instrum. of O pra, Sch.: pros spras-pa. O pri-ba pf. and imp. ;?W(s), fut. dbri, vb.a. to O bri-ba, to lessen, diminish; to take away from, Ma fi-ce* to take off at the top, e.g. from too full a measure W.; more in the special sense of subtracting, with different construction: de (or de-yis or de-la) fig-ro pri-ba-yis 60 diminished by this, or: this being subtracted from 60; (fig-ro = cipher six) Wdk. ofry-pa 1- to struggle, flutter, Cs.; to throb, pulsate, Lt. 2. Sch. to desire, covet, demand. 3. Sch. to be sus- pected. 4 error? Sch.: O prig-lddn, er- roneous, mistaken, faulty, incorrect. (^fflf(5* o prin v.prin\ O prin-pa to inform Cs. CtC* , P f - /'$ to scratch one's self, fi*uys-na Lt. if one scratches; za- prug byed he scratches himself on ac- count of an itching Med. S.O., perh. = II. l, jugglery, magical deception, the abstract noun to sprul-ba^.\.\ Q f'nd- ce-ba great in magic power Glr.', O pi"ul- gyi rgyal-po the magic king, enchanted king, phantom-king Glr.; prul-(/hi koit-jo the enchantress Kotl-)o Glr. ; O yrul-gyispyan- gyis with a magic eye. by means of ma- gical vision DzL; p'd-rol ynon-pai O prul dan Iddn-pa possessing magic power for sub- duing an enemy Sambh.', rndm-(par) O prul (-bd), co- pi'ul, rdzu- j'rul, frq. ; sgyu-j'rid less frq., id.; mig- prul, optical deception Cs. O prul-gyi O fcar-lo, O p'rul-Jcor, magic wheel, in ancient literature merely a phau- tastic attribute of gods etc.; in modern life applicable to every more complicated ma- chine with a rotating motion, e.g. a sugar- mill Stg., an electrifying machine and the like. O pnd-dgai lha, dga-bzi- pml-gyi lha, yzan-dga- prul-dban-byed-kyilha, the names of various regions that are residences of gods. O prul-sndn 1. delusion, mockery. 2. n. of a monastery in Lhasa founded by the Nepal wife of Sroit-btsan-sgam-po's. ' prul-furS.a. seems to be catheter. O prul-ba, 1. by its form intrs. to >o sprul-ba; ace. to Cs. both are iden- tical in meaning; I met with it only as an abstract noun = O prul in mam-par O prul- ba (v. under ptuF), e.g. mam-par O prid- ba du-ma, many transformations, magic tricks, for which rnam- pnd gen. is used. 2. to be mistaken, to err, to make blunders Mil., better Jirul-ba. 3. to separate, part. discriminate, the good from the bad, truth from falsehood Ld. (= prdl-ba? like druit- po and drdii-po). O p-ba pf. O pres Cs., O pre byed-pa Sch., to incline, to lean against; to put down, to lay down; Dzl. V, 12, where how- ever the context is not perfectly clear. sbst, col. W*td-na\ U: *pan*) Ssk. TTT^ a string, a thread or cord, on which things are filed, strung, or ranged, e.g.me-tog-gi preh-baGlr. a wreath, garland of flow r ers; O pren-ba dmar-po a wreath of red flowers Wdn. ; gans-rii a circle of snow-mountains Schr.' nags-kyi, of woods Sambh. ; sin - rtai O pren - ba rim - pa bdun 7 circles of chariots Pth. ; yig- preii a line of letters; O preh-ba Q dogs-pa to bind a wreath; O preii-skud, O pren-fdg the string or cord of the wreath ; O pren - rddg bead, ren-bd 361 O prod-pa hence O pren - ba esp. : a string of beads, rosary; bgrah- preii, rosary for counting the repetitions of prayers and magic spells, being used also in arithmetic, as an aid to memory; mu-tig- Q pren string of pearls, rosary composed of pearls; nor-bu- prcn- ba of precious stones; also title of a book; fig. don ma go fsig-gi O preh-ba bzuri, they only keep to the string of words, without understanding their import Mil. o pren-ba vb. n. to love , to be fond of, greatly attached to, with accus. of the person, sems-la and similar supple- mentary words being generally added ; bid- ma yid-la Q pren-bai- rtags, bu-mo sems-la O pi'en-bas Glr.; ydb-kyi fugs -la pren-bar gyur-te, or O pren-bzin-du as she was very dear to her father Glr. ; sin-tu O pron-ba zig byuit an ardent longing for home came over me Mil.nt. * preAj sometimes incorr. for pran. pred, v. pred. Q^J^J' O pres, v. O pre-ba. O pi'o-ba, pf- P''OS, prop- vb.n. to spro-ba, 1 . gen. with /as, from, to proceed, issue, emanate from, to spread, in most cases rel. to rays of light; sku ^od- zer Q pro-ba a body from which rays of light proceed, a body sending forth light Glr. ; C's. also relative to odours, fame etc. ; occasionally in reference to descent or parentage Thgy. 2. to proceed, to go on, continue, and O pro continuation, op p. to being finished, at an end (Sch. incorr.: 'the end'); * lab- to zen-ghyi ce'-pa* C., Schr. : the inter- ruption of a conversation by another person; jig -pi'o bead the process of destruction came to an end Glr.; sbyin-pai O pro cad kijah sloii-mo-pai O pro ma cad Pth. the gifts had come to an end, but not the begging ; O par- pro cad the pulse no longer beats Thgr.; cos-bsgyur- Q pro-rnams bskyw the continuations of translating were thrown aside Glr.; of the soul: yod- pro-la mi yon whilst it is still existing, it does not come forth, i.e. it vanishes imperceptibly, as soon as an attempt is made to find out its seat and to demonstrate its essence Mil.; O pro fud-pa to annex the remainder, to append the continuation ; * c fo zdy-pa* C. to lay the continuation aside; *sol-wa* to put it off, both expressions implying an interruption of work; O pro lus son or las son a remainder is still left of what has not been used or consumed ; * di ghait 'to- te* after this has been filled up (by pouring in the wanting quantity) C. ol j> 'oy-p a > P^ an d imp./^-o^s, fut. dbrog 1 . to rob, take away ; to deprive Of, ccgpar. nor, gos, rgydl-poi Idg-nas rgydl-sa to deprive the king of his throne Glr. ; hence rgydl-sa progs-pai mi usurper Glr.\ f sad-pas mii mfu-stobs O prog the heat deprives a man of his strength Med.\ yet also: sems-yid O prog-pa to take another man's heart, to run away with his affec- tions, to captivate him Glr.; O prog-byed, and also O prog-ma dbah-pyfig I . <^v^^ i.e. Shiwa, or also Indra. 2. symb. num.: 11. rku- Q prog, robbery Ma., *com- or com- tog*, id., W.;* com- log tdn-kan* robber, *wan dan com- tog co-te* by violence, W. - 2. to make one lose a thing , bddg - gi glafi progs (by his negligence) he has made me lose my ox DzL; sdom-pa O prog-tu byun my vow is lost to me, i.e. the meditation I had vowed has been disturbed, thwarted Glr., to deprive a person of his power or place, to overthrow, kings, dignitaries etc. Stg., analogous to yyo-ba, O gul-ba, J>' rugs- pa. 3. to remove, do away with, expel, demons Glr. O pron Glr., pro vine, for O pran and P ret *) v - QpMi-ba- O prod-pa 1 . vb. : pf. prod, vb. n. to sprod-pa, to have been delivered, transmitted, Idg-tu into the hands of a person, hence Q prod- dzin, *t'od-zm* W. receipt, quittance; no or >ios- prod-pa to know, per- ceive, understand; so prob. also snyin-la ysdl-bar ma prod Schr. 2. adj. fit, proper, suitable, agreeing with, congenial to, po-bar agreeing with the stomach Mf<l.; mi- prod zas unwholesome food Med.\ mi- Q prod-pa also signifies adverse fortune, adversity C.\ 362 O prob-pa ba-ddn Kaii-pa e' O prod ce-na if the question is, whether the house is likely to prosper. O prol-ba Sch. = O prdl-ba. O prds-pa v. O pro-ba\ O pros ytoh- ba Schr., O pros-par byed-pa Sch. to spread, to pour forth, e.g. light, O pros Tar. 48,3, ace. to Sch f.: a detailed work; but Tar. 143,13? q ba 1. the letter b, originally, and in the frontier districts still at the present day, corresponding to the English b; the pro- nunciation of it, however, varies a good deal in the different dialects of the country: in C. this letter, as an initial, is at present deep-toned and aspirated = bh; in Sp. as a final letter, it is softened down to w; and this softening of its sound prevails throughout Tibet in the substantive termi- nations ba and bo, when preceded by a vowel or by n, r, l\ as a prefix it is sounded in Bal. and Kh. = b or w. Regarding the irregularities in the pronunciation of initial db v. the Phonetic Table. 2. num. fi- gure: 15. . ba I. (also bd-mo Cs. ?) COW, O dod-Joi ba v. -)o-ba; ba-ko cow-leather; ba-kyu herd of cows; ba-gldn v. below; ba-ycin urine of a cow; ba-lci cow's dung; ba-cu, resp. -cab = ba-ycin (used by hindooizing Tibetans, the cow being sacred to the Hindoos); ba-nu 1. a cow's dug. 2. a stone resembling it in appearance Med.\ ba-prug calf; ba-rmiy a cow's hoofs; ba-rmiy-yi cu the water collected in the impression of a cow's foot on the ground, to denote a very small quantity of water Dzl. ; ba-o for bai ^6-ma', ba-rdzi cow-herd; ba-rd pen or stable for cows ; ba - ru 1 . a cow's horn. 2. vulg. cup for scarifying, the hollow tip of a cow's horn being used as such; ba- sd cow-beef. II. affix or so-called article, for pa, to substantives the roots of which end with a vowel or with w, r, Z, except when pa has its particular signification^ in cu-paetc.(v. pa); in adjectives it is either syn. with po (as : dmdr-bai mdans, a ruddy complexion), or it denotes 'having' (= . . . po-can, as: sna- dmdr-ba or sna-dmdr-po-can having a red- dish trunk), or it is the sign of the verb formed from it (dmdr-ba, to be red), or of the abstract substantive (dmdr-ba, red- ness). ba-dkdr lime lime-stone Schr. &-y- and elsewh. ; Cs. : 'low wall, parapet 1 ; ace. to my authorities a certain part of the timber work of a roof, something like pinnacle, battlement; so also Tar. 80,21: the king with his retinue beheld the pinnacles of the Naga palace rising above the surface; v. nyuy-pak. bd-y\an OX, bull; *ba-lan t'soys* W., like an ox, stubborn, stupid; also dirty, filthy, nasty, for which our vulgar expression is swinish; ba-ylan-spyod ap- pellation for the western part of the globe, v. yliri. 2. for bdl-ylan Dzl. ^ bd-ti, Hind, ^r^t, a large brass dish. bd-ti-ka Sty., a small long-measure, \ of a barley-corn. bd-t'ay W., also Satnbh., 1. root. 2. stalk of fruit. ba-ddn 1. TTrTTeRTj f which the word is a corruption ace. to Li&., an ensign 363 ba-ddm with pendent silk strips DzL, Gyatch., Glr. 2. also ses-rab-ral-gri, stated to be a kind of dagger, set upright, a semblance of which often attends apparitions of the gods ; thus the signification of 'sword', given by Sch., seems to be justified, and also Schr. refers to it under spa-dam; I never met with it in B. in that sense. n'MT ba-ddm, Pers., Urd. Jj>L, from the Ssk. cJTrHtT- 'windmango' Shksp., almond. n'3sT bd-spu a little hair, the little hairs NS of the body, bd-spu Ian or Idan, the little hairs stand up, I shudder, B., 6'.; similarly: bd-spu yyo Glr., Mil.', ba-spu tsam yan med (I feel no repentance) even as great as a hair DzL ; bd-spu-can hairy, covered with hair, ba-spu-med bald; bd-spui bii-ga or Jcun (-bu) pore. bd-bu (Pers. (ji^jLj, pa pot) a soft shoe, skud-pai knitted shoe, pih-pai felt- shoe, but in general they are made of wool or goat's hair. Q'g ba-bla (Ts. *bhd-bla*) Med, arsenic. ba- bog W. clod, lump of earth. ba-men Mil., Wdh., Cs. and Sch.: 'a species of wild cattle with large horns'; Sch. also: buffalo-calf; though in Sambh. gans-ri-ba-men are spoken of. bd-mo hoar-frost, B. and col.; ba-fsa (Campbell in Summer's Phenix p. 142, 5 : pen-cha), inferior, impure SOda, incrusting the ground near salt-lakes; it is mixed with the food of cattle (from which circumstance the word may be translated 'cow-salt'), oc- casionally also for the want of something better put into the tea; bd-fsai skyur-rtsi Cs. muriatic (hydro-chloric) acid. bd-ra-na-si, v. wd-ra-na-si. ba-ru-ra an astringent medicament Med. -fya* bd-la-ha, can-ses bd-la-ha, n. of a ' demon, v. rta-mcoa. ba - lu = da - li, various low alpine species of Rhododendron. bag q*OJ"T|' ^-^-^ medicinal plant, belonging ' to the climbers Med. qVT bd-* a 1- v - ba I. 2. prob. = bd- ' ha-ha a bitter-tasted officinal plant, ace. to Wdn. an Indian tree ; in Lh. a rather insignificant radiated flower. qVT bd-su, W. a virulent boil, ulcer. N3 q\!cf bd-so Ld., ba-so-ka C'., currants, small 1 raisins. q-^ji bd-so elephant's tooth, ivory; bd-so- mKan worker in ivory. bag I. a primary signification of this word seems to be : a narrow space ; thus with Sch. fig. bdg-dog-pa to be straitened, in necessitous circumstances, poor; in another application more frq. : bag - tsam a little, nor bdg-tsam re a little money Mil. ; bag- re Thgr., perh. the same; ddii-ga bdg-tsam bde the appetite is growing a little better Lt.', fser-ma bdg-tsam yod-pa having a few prickles Wdn.; bdg-tsam-pa slight, insigni- ficant, trifling, sdug-bsndl, a slight misfortune Thgy.; ma-bde-ba bdg-tsam-la bzod-pa mi byed-pa Mil. to be fretting on account of a trifling mischance; most frq., however, the word has a moral bearing: attention, care, caution, relative to physical and moral evils or contaminations ; bag-med, in a gen. sense: rd-ro ddn-po bag -med -pa the be- ginning of intoxication is the disappearing of attention ; in a special sense (Ssk. Ut{\<*) : careless, heedless, fearless; mi-bde-bai fear- less of misfortune DzL; Q di-lta-bui bag innl- par O gyur I shall be freed from the fear of such things DzL; fearless, without fear or consideration, without regard to conse- quences or to the judgment of others etc., can -la bag -med O di-tsam O fun-ba l*tlt. without shame drinking such great quantities of beer; mi-dge-bai las bdg-med-par byi'tl- pa to sin without fear or restraint DzL; Q dod-cdgs-la bdg-med-pas to indulge in sensuality without restraint Dzl. ; heedless- ness with regard to good and evil Tar. 4, 22; moral carelessness, indifference, want of principle, bdg-med-la nydl-ba ., stated to be = bag-la nyal-ba. v. bag II : of an op- 364 ^" bait posite meaning: bag-yod(-pa) reverence, fear, shame, often parallel to no-fsa, O dzem- l'n: conscientiousness, almost religious awe; adj. conscientious; spyod-pa bdg-yod-pa con- scientious dealings (pious course of life) Dom.; bdg-yod-par mdzod-cig act conscien- tiously, take care not to commit sin (here do not kill) Tar. 32, 7; de bdg-yod-pai p'yirws he was conscientious (here = chaste) Tar. 39, 2; bag dan Iddn-pa id.; bag dan Iddn-par mdzod Glr. ; bdg-fsa-ba to be afraid ; bag mi fsa I am not afraid Mil. ; sbst. fear, timidity, anxiousness Mil., Sty.; bdg-fsa med- pa fearlessness Mil.; bag byed-pa c. la, to fear, to dread, a person Dzl., to take care of, one's clothes Dzl.; bag-yahs-su (or-kyis) Sch. ( l cura relcucata') without fear, fear- lessly, coolly ; bag Jtums - pa Sch. to be afraid; bag O bebs-pa to drop, abandon, cast away all fear, yzan-la the dread of a person Mil. frq.; bag-pa Dzl. ^,V, 15 Ms. as a vb. to be afraid, to be fearful, de-dag bag - tu dogs - nas afraid lest they should take fright (another reading: bros-su] bdgs- kyis with fear, with we Mil.; bdgs-kyis byed-pa to act carefully, with caution Dzl. 3^}, 15; ma bags - kyis without fear, un- restrained Dzl. 3W, 1 (Ms. ; with Sch. ma is wanting, and both passages are rendered incorr.); bdg-po adj. = bdg-yod-pa Cs.; bag- zon dread, fear, anxiety Sch. II. inclination? passion? bdg-la nydl-ba Was. (241) 'vanities (in Chinese: lullings into security'), the usual sinful temptations, lust, anger etc. ; the etymological derivation of the term is, however, not perfectly clear ; bag-me'd-la n^dl-ba, which ace. to its pri- mary signification ought to be placed sub I, is said to imply the same. More frq. bag-cdgs denotes passion, inclination, propensity, gen. in a bad sense, las-nan bag-cdgs, iidn-pai bag-cdgs, also occasionally without any ad- dition, id.; bag-cdgs yid-kyi lus the 'in- tellectual' body of passions Thar., v. lus; less frq. in a good sense : Tar. 32, 7 = love, affection; bag-cdgs bzait, Mil. III. in compounds also for baa-j-ye and bag-ma. bag-pa 1. vb. to be afraid, v. bag I. - 2. purity? Cs. bdg-po 1. = bag-yodCs. 2. bride- groom. qqrr bag-pye (W. *bdg-] : e^ wheat-flour; ' ^ bag - skyo thin pap or porridge of meal; bag-zdn thick pap, dough; bag-dron, warm porridge ; bag-sbydr paste ; bags-sbyin lute, putty, a compound of meal and glue; bag-leb, resp. bzes-bag C. a cake of bread (Hind, chapafi). bag-ma bride, len-pa to choose, to take frq.; bdg-ma-la (or bag-mar} len-pa to choose for a bride, ytoii-ba to give for a bride (wife), O gro-ba, cd-ba Ma., *cd-ce* W., to become a bride, to get mar- ried; *bdg-ma ti-te (or Idii-te) bor-ce*, W. to leave the chosen bride with her parents, sometimes for years, which frequently is the case, as betrothals, from reasons of ex- pediency, are often brought about by the parents at a very early age. The common custom is that the young man desirous of marrying proceeds to the parents of his chosen one with the 'wooing-beer',sZo'w-ca/5, which step however may remain yet a pri- vate affair; after some time he brings tig- can, the 'settling-beer', and finally bsu-caii, the 'taking-home-beer 1 , whereupon follows the wedding, bag - ston, and the consum- mation of marriage, bza-mi byed-pa. bag- gos wedding-garment; bag -grogs -mo bride's maid Cs. ; bag-zon Cs. (prob. more correctly: rdzoiis) dowry. bdg-tsam v. bag I. bdg-tse a little basket for wool or clews of wool, W. ^ bag-Ms (also bdxis, boxis etc.) Ar. S yiwyix^u 1. fee, drink-money. 2. Sp. a present, alms. ^Tpj" bags v. bag I. r^r-' bail 1. foot-race, ban niyzdn-las mgyogs- pa to be quicker in running than an- other; de dan ban mnydm-par rgyug-pa to run with equal swiftness as ... Pth.; bail rgyug-pa Cs., *bhan tdn-wa* C.; *ban tan- 365 bdit-ba ce* W. ; ban O yrdn-pa to run a race ; ban- rtsdl sbyon-ba Mil. to exercise one's self in racing; bait dan O yr6-las-day-yis nyen-pa or bait - ^r 6s nyen-pa to overexert one's self in running Med. ; *bka>i-yyoy, bhaii-coii* C. running-match, race; ban-cen(-pa, also -po) Pth., Glr. swift messenger, courier; *bhah-mi* C., *ban-mf W., id. 2. v. bdn-ba. qr-q- bdn-ba, ban-Kan, bdh-mdzod store- room. store-house, corn magazine, also treasury Dzl.' sin-ban Kun. a large box for grain, half underground; ban -pud first- fruit oifering from the barn; *bhan-yha* Ts. repository; (dints -ban, pronounced:) */- bhdii* Ts. cupboard, press, case. qr 'x j- bait-rim = fcri- pdri, the part of the mcod-rten which has the form of a staircase. 2. Sch. 'a separate part of a house connected by a staircase' (?). bdit-so grave, tomb, yson-por bdn-sor O dzu(f-pa to bury alive Glr.; sepul- chre, monument, bait-so O debs-pa, or rtsiy-pa to build a sepulchre Glr.; ban-so mcod-pa to perform funeral sacrifices, to honour a grave Glr. bdhs-pa Sch. 1. = sbdns-pa. 2. = bdn-ba. 3. = ban-so, bdt-ti (Hindi} 1. a weight = 2 s<r, about 4 pounds. 2. balance, pair of scales; *bdt-ti tdy-ce* to weigh W. qr 6ac/ 1 . moisture, humidity, ** bad Kor- 1 wa* W! when wood attracts humidity; *bdd-can* moist, humid, damp, from rain or dew W. 2. hoar-frost ~ bd-mo Sch., Wts. 3. in compounds for bdd-kan. 4. edge, border, bad ni yser the edge is of gold Sch. ; mk'ar-bdd S.g. Ka-bad? bad- Jbur Mil? q_._. bdd-ka C. a plant, similar to mustard, ' yielding oil. __.__ bdd-kan mucus phlegm, a. as normal ' substance of the body comprizing 5 kinds: rten-byed mucus in the joints of the neck and shoulders, myay-byed in the sto- mach, myoh-byed in the tongue and palate, fsim-byed in the brain, eyes etc., Jbyor-byed in the rest of the joints; b. in a morbid state, as a cause of disease: bdd-kan-las yyiir-pai nod mucous diseases; bad-k<tn- Ihen mucus in the cardiac regions, prob. = gastric catarrh; bad-kan-lcays-dreqs in- testinal catarrh; bad-kan-tnyul-^dys mu- cous consumption ; bdd-kan yrmn-bu dkdr- po etc. Med. ; bad-kan-rluh phlegm and air, bad-kan-mttris phlegm and bile; bad-kan- Kray phlegm and blood Med. q^. ban 1. C. beer-jug, pitcher. 2 v. the ' following articles. ban -*, ban-bun a little, a bit; kyod-rdn nyams- ban-bun-yyi sndn-ba-la you, with your little bit of spiritual light Mil. ; rt&i-sin sna-fsoys ban-ma-bun forest-trees of every kind not a few (or also variously mixed?) Mil.; ban- ce in moderate quantity, 'tolerably many'. - bdn-dha Sch. skull, cranium; frq. R spelled bh('m-dha, hence perh. = ^TK^ vessel, in which sense it is gen. to be un- derstood in books; accordingly it may be a skull used as a drinking- vessel. ' bdn-d/te, ban -de, ace. to *o Hodgson's learned Nepalese authority (Illustr, 75) = ^*^f, reveren- dus, salutandus, for which also in the Ti- betan language btsun-pa is always used as an equivalent: a Buddhist priest; hence origi- nally = Buddhist in general, the term being also applied to women Mil.; ban-rydn an old priest Glr.; ban-sprdn and spran-bdn a mendicant friar; ban-cun (pen-kiony* Desy. 370) pupil, disciple in a monastery; ban-log col., a priest that has turned apos- tate; ban-bon Mil. and elsewh. 1. (ace. to our Lama:) Buddhist and Bonpo. 2. (ace. to Sch.): a Bon-priest, in which case, how- ever, the word prob. would be bon-bdn. q^'Hr' ban-zon Sch.: for bay-zon dread, ' fear. qq* bab v. O bdb-pa. qq.^.. bab-col hastiness, rashness, want of consideration in speaking and act- ing = yzu-liim; sdiy-pa bab-col-du byed-pa to sin recklessly, without heed or regard Mil. 366 bdb-mo bar bdb-mo, bds-mo (?) Ld. soft, mild ; also chaste, modest(cor- rupted from bag-mot}. babs 1. sunk, settled, v. O bdb-pa; nu- ma-la rah-bdbs-kyi rdzas byug-ste rubbing the breasts with a medicine, so that they sank down of themselves, as if they were full Glr.: bdbs-sa settlement, colony Sch. 2. shape, form, appearance Sch. 3. rta-babs v. rta, comp. qsjY^n bdm('pa) 1. rotten, decayed, putrid, ro bdm -pa putrid corpse Tar.., bam-ro, id.; prob. also corpse in general, esp. in connection with sorcery; bam-cen, id.? Thgr. 2. mould, white film on liquids; mouldy, fusty, musty W. n*T$f' bdm-po 1 . bundle of wood or grass Schr., Sch. 2. division, section, of books, (of greater length than a chapter) ; in metrical compositions it is said to com- prize a number of 300 verses; ylegs-bdm v. glegs; bam-siii Sch. board, prob. = gleys- sih. bam-ril 1. Sch. dull, weak, from old age or long labour, worn out, by much usage. 2. W. mould. qr- bar sbst. (Cs. also bar -ma) 1. inter- mediate space, interstice, interval, >///>// ynyis-kyi bar zdm-gyis sbrel-ba Glr. over- bridging the space between the two castles; sa-bdr straits, narrow sea; cu-bdr isthmus, neck Of land; *pdh-gi bar, lah-Ke bar, O ce bar* shelf of a repository, cup-board etc. li".: intermediate, middle, mean, .-/..,/ smad bar ysum upper, lower and middle country Ma. ; bar O dir here in the middle countries Glr.; bdr-gyi, id., as adj. Tar. and elsewh.; bdr-gyi sder-cdgs, in Wdn. a lizard, as an ainphibiurn partaking of two natures; bdr- na, bdr-du, bar-la adv. and postp. c. genit. (and accus.), lam-gyi bdr-na in the middle of the road (there is a well); on the road, in or on the way, on the journey Dzl. ; brag- bar btsir-ba to be squeezed between two rocks Thgy. ; 16-ma dan ydl-gai bdr-du be- tween leaves and branches Dzl. ; rgya bod bar-la O gro-bai mi people travelling between China and Tibet Glr.; dei bar- la, de-bar between Glr. ; in the mean time, at the same time, Glr.', zla-ba ysum-gyi bdr-du (to pro- vide for a person) for the space of 3 months Dzl.; zag bdun-gyi bdr-du for seven days (he had not eaten any thing) Dzl.; fun-cin byd-bai sd-ca bdr-du byon he went as far as the coun'ry called tuii-cin Glr.', dd-lfai bdr-du Glr., da-tsam-gyi bdr-du Dzl.; da- bar, Mil. until now, hitherto; de(i) bdr(du} id., when referring to what is past - until then; Jbrds-bui bdr-du fob-pa to obtain all, even to the fruit (inclusive of the fruit) Dzl.', Ian ysum-gyi bdr-du at three (different) times Dzl ; frq. with verbs : rtse-mo-la fug- gi bdr-du till even touching the top Dzl. and so frq.; rel. to time gen. with a ne- gative, being then equivalent to as long as, ma fob-pat bdr-du as long as it has not been obtained = until its having been ob- tained Dzl. ; ha ma si bdr-du till or up to my death Mil. ; ma bsleb bdr-du as long as we have not reached, attained Glr. ; seldom without a negation: mya-hdn-las O dds-pai bdr-du Dzl. tf), 4 (s. 1. c.); bdr-nas from between, rtsib-mai bdr-nas from between the ribs Glr. 2. fig. bar byed-pa to inter- pose, intercede, mediate Glr., cf. bar-mi. 3. Termin. of ba, and cf. par III. Comp. and deriv. *bhdr-kya* partition- wall C. bar-skdbs space of time, period Tar. bar-skdr veranda, exterior gallery of the middle story of a house. bar-lean Sch. a building between two other houses; Schr. a room between two others. bar-gos Schr. waist-coat. bdr-^ga some, several; several times, now . . . now . . . Dzl. bar- cod, -cad, perh. also -ycod, sbst. to bar-du fcod-pa, (v.ycod-pa) hinderance, impediment; danger; damage, failure, fatal accident; fse- la bar-cad ^on, or byun (my) life is in dan- ger; lus-kyi, srog-gi bar-cdd-du O gyur id.; also: to meet with an accident, to perish, to be lost Dzl. and elsewh.; *bar-cad-la si* W., he met with a violent death ; bar- cad sel-ba to protect against fatal accidents, of magic spells frq.; nd-la bar-cad med-par without meeting with an accident Mil. ; bar- cad rtsom-pa to meditate evil, to brood 367 bar-lig bds-mo mischief Mil.; bar-cad ma fsiiys-par without having played me a roguish trick Mil. ; also in a moral sense: temptation; sin, trespass, bdr-du fcod-pa to commit sin, to trespass Mil. *bdr-ta* W. cloth round the loins. - bar-ston Sch. empty space. bar -do I. also bar-ma-do the intermediate state between death and re -birth, of a shorter or longer duration (yet not of more than 40 days, ni f.) ; although on the one hand it is firmly believed, that the place of re- birth (whether a raan, an animal, or a god etc. go forth from it), unalterably depends on the former course of life, yet in Thgr. the soul is urged and instructed to proceed at once into Nirwana to Buddha (inconsistently with the general dogma), bar-do ycod-pa Mil. is explained as putting off and pre- venting the intermediate state after death, as well as re-birth, by penitentiary exer- cises. 2. W. : hard, difficult; difficulty, perh. Bunan. bar-sndn (seldom bar-sndn-ba) atmospherical space; sten-gi bar-sndn-la in the heavens, in the air, frq.; bar-sndn-la O par (a fragment of a blasted rock) flies up into the air; bar-sndn-du or -la c. genit., the common word for over, goi bar-ndn-la, over (his) head. *bdr-pa* W. the middle one, e.g. of three brothers. bar-bdr-du Ma. at intervals, from time to time, now and then; bar-bar-la id.; *md bar-bdr-la*, at long intervals, seldom W. bar-ma the middle one of three things G-lr. bar - mi me- diator, intercessor, umpire. *bar-tsod* W. middling, *lun-po bar-fsod* a moderate wind. - bar-mfsdms, bar- fsdms interval (Sch.: room; leisure, convenience, comfort?). bar-ldg-pa = bar-mi Sch. *bar-lhay* gap, vacancy, deficiency W., *bar-ldg kdii-ce* to fill up a gap or vacancy, to supply a want, or deficiency. bar-lig W. a field or estate let to a person for the term of his life, for usufruct. qq- bal wool, bdl-gyi woolen, bal dan Iddn- pa woolly Wdn.; bal sed-pa the first coarse plucking of wool, rmel-ba the second, of the finer wool, sin-ba the third, of the finest W.; *bal tdb-ce* to beat wool W.; lug-, ra-, md-bal sheep-wool, goat's and camel's hair; rds-bal, sin-bal cotton Cs.; sin-bal prob. also the down on willow-blos- soms Sch.; srm-bal Wdn., Schr.: raw silk, yet perh. also cotton; cu-bal a kind of moss on stones in brooks Cs. bal-skud a woolen thread or yarn, worsted. - bal-skye Sch.: mould on fermented liquors. bal-gldn, Cs. also bdl-gyi c/lan-po-ce, a kind of ele- phant, for which sometimes incorr. and am- biguously bd-lan is used, Dzl. and elsewh. bal-fer thin woolen cloth Cs. ; *bal- ddb* W. tuft of wool, as is used for spinning. bal-prug thick woolen cloth. bal-yds Sch. wool-card (?) aflTsf bdl-po, bal(-po}-yul Nepal, frq. de- signated as rin-po-cei gliii, and as the favourite country of the Klu, or serpent- demons; bdl-po-pa, fern, bdl-po-ma^ bdl-mo Glr., a Nepal man or woman; bal-nyiii C 1 ., (-snyins) a Nepal rupee; bal-srdn Tar., Nepal pease. __.. bas I. v bds-pa. II. instrum. of ba; bas-blddgs, 'licked by a cow', n. of a disease combined with the sensation, as if the skin had been licked off by a cow, cow- itch, cow-pox Cs. (?) III. v. pas, where there is to be added : to say nothing of, much less, e.g. Kron O dom dgu-brgyd-bas brgyayan, Jbru mi fub, a well a hundred fathoms deep cannot be dug, to say nothing of 900 fathoms (much less one of 900 f.) Glr. bds-pa (cf. Pers., Hind. ^S) Cs.: pf. of byed-pa inst. of, byds-pa in the signification of 'done (with), settled'; bds- par byed-pa, id. Sch.; in Bal. frq.: *bas, byas, bas-se, or also byds-teydd*itis finished, completed, ready, all right; der bas that is all of it, nothing more is left Sch. ; in bgyis- su bds-kyis after having been made, caused, occasioned Mil., it stands as a sign of the preterite, similar to zin\ or like zad: mi ycig-gi smdn-du ma bds-kyis not only for one man it serves as a medicine Dzl.; bas- mta border-country Sch. bds-mo v. bdb-mo. u bu-ga q- bi 1. num. figure: 45. 2. in JF. gen. for byi. 3. fo' and bin Pur. for fy/ bird, fowl, hen. jn'OT""* q'UsJC" bi-gdn, bi-ydh in compounds big, hole W. for foi-#a, cf. Jbig-pa; bi-gdii-can having holes. bi-tan, Lh. door, prop. Bunan. * bi-nd-ya-ka Ssk., \. bgegs. CT qvTTjET" bi-swa-kar-ma Ssk., lhai bzo-bo <t ' the smith of the gods, the Brah- man-Buddhist Vulcan DzL, Glr. q*fV **^ a O&k wor d f r poison) n. of cer- tain medicinal plants, e.g. bi-sa-dkar Polygonatum, in Lit. qzrrq<3T biy pan Cs. vitriol; Sch. potash, gar- lic-ashes; mentioned in S.y. as a caustic. f^Tr-q-OJCTj- big-bi-liy Run. quail. qr-qr- bid-bid^} Ld. mouth-piece of a haut- ' boy, hautboy reed. bim-pa f^^, f%^, Momordica mo- nadelpha, a cucurbitaceous plant with a red fruit Wdh., along with ka-bed; the fashion of Indian poets to compare red lips with the bimpa fruit, has been adopted also by the Tibetans, G-yatch. p. Q(3; transl. p. 108; so also Pth.: mcu-sgros bim-pa Itd- bur mdzes (where Sch. gives the signification of peach, on which tbe name possibly may have been transferred, although 'lips of the shape of a peach-tree leaf seem to be rather a strange fancy). bir-bir W. crumbs, bits, scraps. bil ~ ba 8sk - f^T> Hind, bilb, bel, Aegle marmelos, tree with a nour- ishing and wholesome fruit; the word seems to have been transferred also to the cocoa-nut. q* bu I. sbst, resp. sras, 1. son, common ^ in B. and 6'.; *ce-bu* W., the eldest son. 2. child, bu btsd-ba the bringing forth of children, children being born Dzl.', bu man-bar O gyiir-ba to get many children; bu mi ?s6s - pa not being able to keep a child alive Dom.' esp. in reference to the mother: ma-bu, mother and children; also transferred on animals: rfa ma bryya bu brgya a hundred mares with as many foals DzL; the word is moreover used in many other instances, e.g. with regard to letters which in writing are placed under other letters, in reference to principal beams and smaller cross-beams, to capital and interest; also as a friendly address of a teacher to his hearers Mil. The fern, bu-mo v. below. Comp. bu- Q Knd (or pu-tri?) a fern, noun proper. bu-grogs Cs. step-brother, foster- brother. bu-rgyud offspring, issue, pro- geny, generation Tar. 168. 11. bu-dod foster-child, adopted son, iied-kyi bu-dod mdzod deign to be adopted by us Mil. bu-ydun a small cross-beam Mil. bu-ndd child-bed, bu-ndd log the child-bed termi- nates unfavourably Pth. bu-snod uterus, womb Med. bii-po male child, son DzL bu-pmg children. bu-mo, vulg. also bo-mo i. daughter, frq. 2. girl, ha bu-moi dus-na yin-te when I was still a girl Glr. ttyeu dan bu-mo lads and lasses DzL; maiden, virgin; bu-mo ytsdh-ma, ysdr-ma, ysdr-pa a girl that is still in a virgin state. 3. young woman DzL ; W. gen. for bud- med, frq. bu-smdd, Cs. also bu-mdd fa- mily, children, nearest relations Mil. and elsewh. bu-fsd (DzL ed. Sch. also bu-ted} 1. children's children Thgy.; family = bu- smdd 2. W., son, gen. for bu; boy, *bu-fsa dan bo -mo*. bu-fsdb Cs. = bu-dod. - bu-tsds Jbrel-ba Glr. (ace. to the context) to cohabit. bu-sntl brother and sister. bu-slob scholar, disciple, follower of a cle- rical teacher, opp. to nyd-ma hearer, who still continues in his secular calling. II. num. figure: 75. bu-ga 1. f^rs", in compounds bug, hole, opening, orifice, aperture, bd-spui bu-ga pore, passage of perspiration DzL; sna-bug nostril; bu-ga dgu(-po) the nine orifices of the body (eyes, ears, nostrils, mouth, urethra, anus) ; fsdns-pai bii-ga and perh. also yid-jug bu-ga Med., appears to be = mfsog-ma the fontanel or vacancy in the infant cranium, with which various fables are connected; cavity, vessel, (anatom.), also veins Med. 2. symbol, num. : 9. 369 bubs bu-gu hole, sgoi key-hole Dzl. j-jj' w - ston name of a leamed Lama ^^ ' and author of cos-bytm, about the year 1300 (r// 1 ., an adherent of the Adi- buddha doctrine, v. Cs. Gram. ^ bu-rdo Sch., idle talk, tittle-tattle. bu-yurj snow-storm Mil * bu-ram Hindi jf^ gur, hence W. *gu-rdm*, raw^sugar, muscovado; treacle, Mil., Lt.; bu-rdm sgor-ba to boil down raw sugar Lex. ; bu-ram-sr/t, bur-sin, vulg. * gur -sin* sugar-cane; bu-ram -sin-pa, ^^31 cfi, name of the first king of the solar dynasty in India, Glr.; bu-ram-can, bur- can sugar-beer Lt.; bur-dkdr? Lt. bur-stdii ycig (more correctly Itan) Sch., a bale of raw sugar packed up in leather. q-gji- bu-lon (d.bun) advanced money, debt, ' *nul gye bu-lon mi -la tdn-ce* W. to lend a person a hundred florins; (bu- lon byed-pa to contract debts Schr., Sch.??) bu-lon Jdl-ba ( W. *cdl-ce*), sprod-pa Sch. to pay a debt, sel-ba to put out, to cancel a debt, ded-pa, bdd-ba to call in, to recover a debt, cdgs-pa prob. the beginning and running up of debts Dzl. ; bu-lon-pa debtor, di'tul brgyai of a hundred rupees. bu-hdg v. sbugs-hdg. 1- sbst. hole, bug-pa O bug- pa to bore holes Glr., cog. to bu- <ja. 2. Sch., to get holes (?). -zol v. bug-sug Ld. birdsfoot-trefoil, Me- lilotus. _-.. bun-ba 1. a humming and stinging insect, bee etc. ; buii-lcdg sting, and also the wound caused by it; *bun-ba cdg tan son* W. the bee has stung. 2 Cs. a bright black stone. buns mass, heap, bulk, buns-cen a large heap Lt; dri-cui bu/is-ce a great quantity of urine Mng.; buns byed- pa to heap one upon another, pile up. bun many(?). qr* bud, every darkening of the air through ' dry matter, a cloud of dust, more ex- actly fal-bud; bud-fsub dust from threshing; bud-kyis btab wrapt in vapour Mil.; perh. also snow-storm (Sch.), yet not exclusively. bud-dhaSsk., Buddha, n. of the founder of the religion which is called after him, occui'ring but rarely in Tibetan writings, and among the people (at least in W.) al- most unknown, v. saws - rgyas ; bud - dhai preh-ba, *biid-de td/i-na* rosary Ts. bud-pa 1. Sch. = sbud-pa. 2. pf. cf. Jbud-pa. . bud-med B. and C., 1 . woman, bud- ed sdug-gu a fair woman DzL; bud-med dan s bags -pa to defile, corrupt one's self with women Dzl. 2. wife, spouse, not frq. Dzl. (W. bu-mo and a-ne). . bud-sin fire-wood, fuel, also dung used as such; bud-sin bsdg-pa to cleave or chop wood. qj- bun 1. = bu-lon Mil., bun ton lend us! ^ ' Mil.; bun btdn-du ma nydn-pas not willing to lend any thing Mil; Kyed-rnams- la bun dgos-na if you want an advance (of money) Mil bun-fo, bun-yig 1. debtor's account - book. 2. bond or obligation, bill of debt. bun-bddg i. creditor. 2. money- changer, banker. bun-yig v. bun-fo. 2. interest, *bhyn kye'-pa* to bear interest C.; bun O jdl-ba to pay interest Cs. 3. (house) rent Sch.(?) 4. bun-re Sch. a small matter, cf. ban -bun; bun -bun Sch. piece-meal, scattered, dispersed. 5. v. Jbun-pa. J.^P-. bun-Ion cu bun-lon-lon byed it is whirling up and down, an ex- pression used of boiling water which con- tains impurities or extraneous matter; hence bun-lon-gi snari-sds troubled, impure, sinful thoughts. * bub-pa v. O bub-pa. bubs = yug , also fan (^Pf Hind.} 1. an entire piece of cloth rolled up; gos-bubs cotton-cloth 6s. 2. in a general sense one whole, something entire Sch.; bubs-ril prob. whole, entire, bubs-ril lus S.g. the whole body, opp. to separate parts. 24 370 ' bum -pa bem-po bum-pa., bottle, flask; the water-flask of the hukka; bottle-shaped orna- ments in architecture, e. g. on the ceno- taphs or Chodten; rdzd-mai earthen-bottle, pitcher; sel-bum glass-bottle; can-bum beer- bottle; mcod-bum C's. vessel used in sacri- ficing; me-bum cupping-glass Lt. (cf. pun- pa). rjy- bur 1. bolt, bar, vertically fastened to s a door etc., fog -bur upper, yog -bur lower bolt. 2. for bu-rdm. 3. for O bur. bur-rtiii (or perh. tin) Sch., a kind of bell or gong in temples. ^** fu * M n - f certain plants in Ld. $ Run. bul W., *bhul, bh>d, Iky and bh>;-tog* C., Med., (the spellings of Campbell, pen v. bd-mo and of Schl., phuli, have prob. resulted from a mistake in hearing), SOda, not unfrequently found in Tibet as a white powder on the ground, and used as a medicine, as a ferment, as a means for giving additional flavour to tea, and for various technical purposes. bul-po slow, heavy, tardy, ^ro bul-te slow in walking, making but tardy progress DzL; W.: *clul-ce lul-po*. bul-ha-ri, *bul-gar* W., Russia leather, jufts. bus-pa 1. for byis-pa Lt. 2. v. O bud-pa. CT be, 1. num. figure: 105. 2. W. for bye. 3. for words here not noted refer to pe. be-Kur S.g.f be-ge v. beg-ge. be-con, also -tson, Ssk. ^T, 1 . club, with an ornamental knob , prob. merely an attribute of gods. 2. n. of a goddess Thgr. q-j-* be-ta a geographical prop, name, prob. ' = Himalaya, Pth. be-to, be-do, vulg. calf. be-dha v. Jbe-dha. be-sndbs C's., thick slime or mucus, e.g. the mucus flowing at child- birth from the vagina Lt. q*q5T be-bum, also beu-b&m, writing, scrip- ture, book Glr.j perh. the same word as the following. be- bum, are stated to be the sacred writings of the Bonpos, which as our Lama candidly owned 'are also perused by Buddhists for their edification'. q*f be-mo COW-calf, female calf C. q*j[" be-rdzi Nakshatra, v. rgyu-skdr 3. q-^- be-za W., from the Hind. ^TT5(, in- terest, id - ka be-za a double paisa interest, of 1 rupee, = 4 6 pCt.pro month. be-rag (spelling?), fillet of the women in Lt/., ornamented with coloured stones. q'Oprr be-le-ka S.g., a kind of surgical in- ' strument. q*3jcT|* be-log Sch. great-grandfather. be-sin oak-tree, = ca-ra', be- Prod oak-forest Wdn. bcg-ge Lt.^ a disease ; Sch. : measles. *S ST 1 ^^"S" beg-tse a hidden shirt of mail. JC" ben Sch., stick, cudgel, club. ^-- bed, 1. = fee, He-bed, advantage, profit, ' gain, high price, fsd-la dmg-cu bed yod- pai skdbs-su at a time when salt was a sixty times dearer (than barley) Glr.; *bed fob- ce* W. to gain, to make profit; bed -cod Mil. is stated to be the same as loits-spyod', bed- cod fsod bcdd-de to be temperate, to keep moderation in the indulgence of the appetites. 2. interest, C., W. j^r ben a large pitcher; jug, beer-pot, Glr.; ' *cu-bhen*, water-pot, C. bem-po 1. dead matter, mostly ap- plied to the body, as opp. to the soul, rig -pa, e.g. bem rig ^ye-dus when body and soul are parting, Mil., Thgr. ; lus bem -rig ynyis - kyi so - mtsdms - su on the ben 371 bon-bu boundary between the physical matter of the body and the soul Mil. ; Was. (272) bem- reg is perh. a mistake in writing, although it also makes sense. 2. Sch. a pestilential disease; in the Mng. bem tol rgydb-pa seems to denote u surgical operation. 3. some receptacle, box, bag etc., lem-poi ndn-nas yser bton she took gold out of the . . .? qo; leu Cs. calf. N3 JCVCJ$}* beu-bum v. be-bum, Mil. NO "^> qp -;^r beu - rds, in Stg. mentioned as a material for clothing; Schr.: 'fine linen', which however is as yet unknown in Tibet. ^. ler 1. Cloak, ber-gyi fu-ba tail of the cloak Glr.; ber ndy-po a black cloak Glr. and elsewh.; )ol-bi>r dress with a train Wdk., Pth.; fsem-bei' a cloak patched up of many pieces Pth.; ber-cen gown of a priest, sacerdotal cloak, without sleeves, with yos-cen for a collar; ber-ful fur-cloak. 2. strength, sharpness, keenness, pungency, of spices, spirits, snuff etc. ; ber-can sharp, pungent, piquant; * 'a -rug -la ber mdn-po yod* the gin is very strong W.; *ber-ra rag, Ice'i ber-ce mdn-po rag* it bites, burns my tongue; za-bcr Cs. the burning sensa- tion caused by the stinging of nettles ; cf. gdr-ba. bcr-ka W., ber-ma, ber-lcdg Mil., Stick, staff (cf. dbyug-pa) ; sped ber- ma cane, bamboo Mil. ; ber- ma Icag fcig> a simple staff Mil.; Icags-ber iron-bar, crow- bar; smyug-ber cane, walking-stick. ^PT bel Cs. leather bag. q.^-^. wcd-dur-ya, SsL, azure stone, lapis ^ ^ lazuli Dzl. wai-dur-ya dkar-po and st'ton-po, v. table of abbreviations. wai-ro-tsa-na Ssk., Tib.: rnam- par-snaii-mdzad, 1. n. of the first Dhyani-Buddha. 2. a Lotsawa v. Kopp. II., 69. ^ bo, 1. num. figure: 135. 2. affix, to designate some words as nouns. bo-tdgya, bo-lon-ba Ts., ankle, ankle-bone. bo-de Cs. : 'n. cf a tree, the fruits of which are used as beads for rosaries'. . lo-dhi SsL:, wisdom; also n. of the Indian fig-tree, ficus religiosa, byan- cub-siii; n. of the white narcissus (/A). H^I' bo-ba, prob. pf. of O b6-ba. 16-mo W. for bu-mo. bo-lo, ball, for playing Ld. I" bog-pa v. Jbogs-pa. T bog-ra Sch. roof. % 8 ^ Cs -> 9 ain 7 profit advantage; bogs O don-pa Sc/i. to yield profit; where- ever I met with the word, it was used only in a religious sense: gain for the mind, be- nefit for the heart, furtherance of devotion of meditation, Mil. 2ff boii 1. also boiis, size, dimensions, vol- ume, bulk, bon-ce, -cen large, boii ce don cun, large of size, and small of signi- ficance are e. g. the lungs (in as far as roasted or boiled they yield liitle substan- tial food) Mil.; lus-lon-ce, -cuit, Jbriit big, little, middling, as to size of body, S.a. ; boh-fun little in stature; bon-fsdd, bon-fsod=* rdzogs-pa full size, a full-grown body Thyy. 2. v. boii-na. 3. also boii-ba, Cs. : 'ge- neral name for small stones, pebbles etc.'; in medical works zih-gi bon-ba are men- tioned as remedies; in Pth. the word occurs in an enumeration of temporal goods, pre- cluding the above signification. 4. v. boh- bu. 5. provinc. for ban Glr. boii-Krd Sch. a species of falcon. bo/'i-gu v. bon-bu. boi't-nd, various species of wolf S bane, aconite, lon-tlkdr, -nag, -dinar, -ser, used as medicines, or even as poisons. boit-ndg \. the preceeding and the following article. r^-q- bon-bu, Sch. also bon-bo, 1. ass, Idit- ^ po or po-bon he-ass, boii-mo or mo- bon she-ass, bon-pi-ug colt or foal of an 372 bod bya-fdl ass; bon-sgdl an ass's load; bon-sbdh dung of an ass ; boii-rdzi keeper or driver of an ass; dre-boh Cs. 'an ass generating a mule'. - 2. n. of insects, rgyds-poi boh-bu sugar- mite, lepisma, Ld.; boh-ndg (perh. bun-nag} dung-beetle Lli. 3. Cs. : blockhead, fool. & bod 1. Ssk. affe, Tibet, b6d-(kyi}yul ' id. 2. for bod-pa, bod Ica-cig some Ti- betans Tar., Kyed bod- mams ye Tibetans. - 3. for bod - skad the Tibetan language, bod-du bsgyur ^ug 1 will have it trans- lated into Tibetan Pth.; bdd-skad, in a more limited sense, also implies the common language of conversation, opp. to book- language W.; bod-pa, bod-(kyi) mi Tibetans, bod-mo fern ; bod-kyi mi-rigs or mi-brgyud the people of Tibet, in contradistinction to other nations, bod- bd/ts the Tibetan people, opp. to its ruler. ^*J" bod-pa 1. v. bod. 2. = Jbod-pa. Jfa bon (ace. to Schf. = ^ftgj) 1. n. of the ' early religion of Tibet, concerning which but very imperfect accounts are existing (v. Report of the Royal Bavarian Acad. of Sc., 13. Jan. 1866); so much is certain, that sorcery was the principal feature of it. When Buddhism became the religion of state, the former was considered here- tical and condemnable , and Ilia - cos and bon-cos, or shorter cos and bon, were placed in opposition, as with us Christianity and paganism; v. Glr. and Mil.; at the present time, both of them seem to exist peaceably side by side, and the primitive religion has not only numerous adherents and con- vents in C., but manifold traces of it may be found still in the creed of the Tibetans of to-day. 2. = bon-po, follower of this religion. ^^" bor, v. Jbor-ba. bdr ra, a sack of corn, holding about 30 Kal W. 2pr bol, bol-yoh 1. the upper part of the foot %. 2. the leg of a boot W. - 3. clod of earth C. 4. v. O bol. bol-ydr = btd-lia-ri. ^T bol-po v. J>6l-po. bos, v. O bdd-pa. q- bya 1. sbst. bird, fowl, hen, cf. the fol- ^ lowing articles. {Pur. bin [v. byiu], bi). 2. vb. fut. root of byed-pa, v. this and the sbst. byd-ba. 3. *ja co - ce* W., to castrate, to geld. ' planation , 1 . = luii - du - ston - pa pa prophecy, cf Burn. I, 54 sequ. 2. in later times: grammar. % a " k M"9--> fya - tri Lt., n. of a medicine. " tya-rkdn, 1. a bird's foot. 2. n. of a vein Med. 3. officinal plant, in Lh. a blue kind of orobanche. bya-skdd, also bya-sgrin'ts, by a- cos title of a book of satirical fables, in which birds are introduced speaking. bya-skon fowler's net Lex. bya-skyi %.; Sch.: roof, shelter. " bya-Kdu Cs. bird-cage. 1 -^ Kyuii,Krasm&Kmn-li'run. bya-gdg Dzl. and elsewh., a species of ducks, Sch. : the gray duck. bya-dgd gift, present, esp. as a reward; sbyin-pa to bestow a gift, frq.; bya-dgdr as a present, fora reward, ster-ba to give. and zSar bya-rg6d and -r^Z bird ** of prey 5. and col. ; bya- rgod-spos Med., vulgo la-da-ra (v. ^/a) Z^- rgod-pun-poi ri, w^reR^, vulture -hill, in Magadha, a preaching^place of Buddha. J'cfj" bya-rgnd fowler's net. bya-sgdb n. of one of the smaller lobes of the lungs. " bya-snyefi v. bya-rmyen. 3*5* bya-tri v. bya-kri. bya-fdl Glr. light-gray bird's dung. 373 bya- ddb bya-rdsi q-nrq- bya- cldb 1. lit. a bird's wing. - ' 2. a part of the roof or vertical projection of the same, a kind of facade, admitting of pictorial decoration Glr. c' bya- dr<' Sch., a winged diabolical creature, harpy. S'<% bya-na (ace. to Lis. corrupted from ^^r) seasoning, condiment, sauce, iu a legend; prob. also in a gen. sense: meat. food, byd-naiyo+bydd Lex., byd-na-ma, prob. id.; fsd-ba byd-na-ma zig Kyer-nas bringing some warm food Mil. n'ftrn' bya-ndg raven, or some similar bird ' S.g. ; bya-nag - rdo- rj e Mil. id., be- cause the raven is said to reach an age of a thousand years. bya-ndn Sch. (sub. byd-ra) earnest endeavour. J" byd-pa C's. fowler, bird-catcher. byd-po 1. cock, the male of the do- mestic fowl, more definitely :. byd(-po) mfsa-lu D. and col.; byd-po ddn-po, ynyis- pa etc., the first, the second cock-crow 6'. VSbyd-po skyd-po* W. sparrow. 3. bya- po-tsi-tsi Med., a medicinal plant, stopping the monthly courses; in Lh. the great bal- sainine, Impatiens Roylei. T'SJ" byd-spu, down (feather), byai spu B. ^ N3 and col. bya-po, cock, the male of any bird. bya-pi'ug 1. a young bird. 2. a young fowl, chicken. q-q- byd-ba 1. inf. and part. fut. of byed- pa, q. v. 2. sbst. deed, action, work, without any reference to time, )iy-rten- yyi byd-ba and cds-kyi byd-ba secular and religious \\*orks, frq. ; tnai byd-ba byed-pa to act as a mother, to perform a mother's part Tar. ; byd-bazin-pa an action completely past Gram.\ byd-ba mah yan Jbrds-bu cun- ba much labour and little fruit, much work and little profit Tar.- der rgydl-po dan blon- po-rnams-kyi byd-ba byuii-ba yin then the affairs of the kings and their officers, the concerns of the state and its functionaries, gained ground; also in an absolute sense byd-ba = secularity, worldliness, byd-ba btdfi- ba jig ryydn-du ce a resigning of worldly things is fraught with great blessing Mil. ; bya-bycd the doing, doings: bya-byed injiu'i- ba jig rgydn-du ce the doing little brings great blessing, and so in a similar manner: byd-rgyu bycd-rgyu ma man jig do not give way to a bustling disposition Mil., i.e. do not permit your contemplative state to be interrupted by a distracting activity of your mind; bstdn -pa-la (or bstdn-pai} byd-ba byds-pai lo-rgyits an account of what has been done for the spread of the doctrine Tar. ; byd-ba dan O brel-ba seems to be a grammatical term relating to the verb. ^"^C^" bya-bdn v. bya-wd/i. g'q^T bya-bdlSch. down (feathers) ; Lt. 1 2 1 ? a*naj*r bya-brdl-pa one free from business, one that has renounced all worldly employment, an ascetic. Ld.-Glr. byd-ma a female bird, hen, brood-hen. ' byd-ma-rta courier, estafet. by a - ma - bum a tea-pot shaped vessel used in sacrificing. V bya-ma-byar-skyda(?) dan- delion, Taraxacum Ld. bya-ma-byi S.g. ; Sch. flying squirrel. jq- bya-ma-Ub Sch. butterfly, = pye- ma-Ub. byd-mo 1 . the female of any kind of birds. 2. hen, female fowl, also in conjunction with mfsd-lu, cf. byd-po (?). bya-rmydii-ba Sch. , bya-rmytn (another reading snyeii to yawn Mil. * bya-dmdr flamingo Sch. bya-fsdn bird's nest. ' bya-fsc-riit Sch. the white crane. bya-fsoys a flight of birds. bya-nki one attending to poultry. 374 i ^T^C" bya-wdii bya-u'dil S.g.; Sch.: night-hawk, goat- sucker, caprimulgus; bat. *bya-bzon* Bal. egg. 3. bya-ze crest, tuft (of feathers) of birds Sch. bya-^lig prob. Owl; Sch. quail (?). byd-t'aCs.: 'heed, care, caution'. This ^ word belonging to the language of the people and to later literature, is not so much an abstract, as a concrete noun, signifying a watchman, superintendent (chiefly by day, cf. mel-fse night-watch); it denotes more particularly that individual of a community, who has to see to it, that the compulsory post-office duties be punctually performed, and that messages from the lord or ma- gistrate of the place be duly dispatched and forwarded to their place of destination ; in a more gen. sense byd-ra byed-pa Glr., *co-ce* W., yton-ba Mil, c. la, to give heed, to pay attention, to look sharp, not to lose sight of; also, to be on one's guard against, to take a thing seriously, e.g. ndd-la a disease Lt.] *jd-^ra l-mia" f (prop, yid-mig) *>*, pay strict attention! W. bya-rog crow, raven, mentioned in S. O. as an inveterate enemy of the jig-pa (owl). bya-lds, labour, work, zin-pa-med- pai bya-lds endless labours Mil. byd-lo-pa 1. v. lo. V.Sch. 'keeping poultry'(F). bya-so-ma Ts , Ld. bat. ) L Cs - pliancy, nimble- ness, agility of body; byag-mtfan rope-dancer Lex. 2. sometimes erron. for jag and jdy-pa. q- byaii \. north; btjan-pyoys and prob. ^ also bydii-Ka Mil. id.; bydii-gi, byan- pyogs-kyi northern; byaii-nos north side, northern brow or slope of a hill; also n. pr., Glr.; byan-fdn n. pr. the heaths or steppes in northern Tibet, more esp. those bordering in the west on Ld. 2. northern country, coinciding with byan-fdii: byun-la "r" byan-rdo bcug-go\ie\\Sis banished to the north country Gli'. ; bydn-pa a man from Jan-fdn 3. the significations oibyan-snyom-paSch. to tailor, to cut to a proper shape, and of several other compounds, require a different ety- mology yet unknown. 4. for bydh-bu. q^'rfC' fywi-rtydn trowsers. small-clothes, ^ breeches Mil byan-K6g 1 . the inside of the body. byah-Kog-stod the upper part of the body, cavity of the chest, byan-koy- smdd lower part of the belly, abdomen, bowels S.g. ; *jah - K6g-la zug rag* I feel a pain in my bowels W. 2. rump; opp. to yan-ldg limbs Lt. bydn-ga LtJ 3C' 2 N"5T5!'5" % a/ * ^ SI v> i ~ m ^ ~ sn !J an te nor t nern continent of the an- cient geography of India, v. glin. byah - cilb, ^f%f, prop, wisdom ; with the Buddhists the highest per- fection and holiness, such as every Bud- dhist desires to obtain, which however to its full extent only the real Buddha him- self possesses, v. Kopp. I, 425, 435; byait- cub~mcog id., frq. ; byan-cub-mcog-tu sems (or resp. fugs)skyed-pa to create the thought of such holiness, to direct the mind to it DzL, Gli'.', byan-cub O dod-pa to aim at it, to be anxious to obtain it Dzl. ; tin- pa to attain it; byau-^cub-sems the mind intent on and suited for it, universal charity; snyiii-rje-byan-cub-sems-kyis kiin blaii-nas submitting to every thing with a loving and charitable mind; byafi-cub-sems-clpa, ef|f\j^T=<- fro,- with the addition of sems- clpa-cen-po the saint that has attained the highest station next to Buddha, merely for the welfare of men still tarrying in this world, designated Buddha, as it were; Kdp. 1,422; byah-cub-sems-ma fern, of it T/iyr.; byaii- cub-sift, fquj^f, the bodhi-tree, holy fig- tree, ficus religiosa (not indica), emblem of mercy; byah-cub-snyiit-po ^tf\J^n^ n - pr. = rdo-rje-ydan. lyan-rdoCs. monument, prop, in- scription-stone. bydii-pa bydii-pa 1. v. byan. 2. S.g.t byait- pa-srin Sch. : an insect. qr*n' bydn-ba, pf. of Jbydh-ba q. v. ; byati- sems a pure, holy mind Mil., prob. = byaii-cub-sems. ^"-T bydn-bu, JC*&T bydii-ma 1. inscrip- tion, direction, label. 2. the tablet on which an inscription is written, zdns-kyi bydn-bu- la (to write) on a copper plate or tablet Glr.; yig-bydn, l?a-bydit, resp. zal-byafi, - bydn-bu 1 ; syo-bydh inscription over a door, dur - bydii on a sepulchre; rtags - bydh a mark on a thing Cs.; brjed-bydn list of marked luggage; min-bydii, resp. mtsan- bydn list of names Pth. ; sog - bydn cards Sch.', byait-rdo a stone monument. qr- by ad I. 1. Cs. proportion, symmetry, beauty, dpe-byadDzl., id.; bydd-can well-proportioned, fair, beautiful ; byad-med the contrary Cs. 2. face, countenance Lex.; byad spus Kens-pa a hairy face Glr.; bydd- //// bkrags Thgy. , mdahs Lt, brightness, radiancy, beautiful complexion; byad-bzin face Dzl., -am Lex. ; byad-yziigs, Sch. : stature, prob. more correctly: countenance and body Dzl. and elsewh. II. (Cs. also bydd-ma) 1. enemy. 2. a wicked demon, bydd-ma rme-sa-can Wdn. - 3. also byad-stem(s), S. 0. and elsewh ., imprecation, malediction, combined with sor- cery, the name of an enemy being written on a slip of paper and hid in the ground, under various conjurations; yzdn-gyi byad, pd-rol-poi by ad-stems a malediction practised by another; bydd-du or stems -su jug -pa, prob. to curse a person with conjurations. III. in compounds, yo-bydd, ca-bydd q. v. IV. frq. for byed. qy- byan 1. Ld. frq. for byd-na, *)an co- * ' Kan, )dn-ma*CQQ\(. 2. v. the following. qy.^ bydn-poCs. married man; Sch. : a free man, one divorced from his wife; byan-mo Cs. wife, spouse; Sch.: 1. a divorced woman. 2. a whore. Only this latter signification seems to be known among the common people, e.g. *a-pe jdn-mo*, as a vulgar abusive term; byan-fsud-pa 375 Sch. 'to allure, entice, seduce'; these sig- nifications are, however, not sufficient to explain: bydn-moi byl-bor (or -por} rail byan fsud Lex., and : sems-la rait byan fsud Mil bydb-pa 1. to clean, cleanse, wash, wipe, nan fams-cdd-la to clean the whole house Domah. 2. to take up, to gather with both hands, e.g. barley C.; byah- zed Sch. instrument for cleaning, brush; byabs-tfrus Sch. shower-bath. %w-^ 1- kindness, love, affec- tion, bydms-sems id. 2. kind, lov- ing, affectionate, used of the love of parents to their children, of the beneficent to the needy, but not in the contrary order, nor of love to inanimate objects; bydms-pai tiii- he- dzin the meditation of love, compassion, frq.; mi kun-la bydms-siii being kind to- wards every body; bi/dms-pai ynyen kind, affectionate relations, frq ; bydms-pa wan- na when I have many well-wishers, patrons Dom. ; bydms-pa as a n. pr., also bydms-pa mgon-po Maitreya, the Buddha of the future period of the world, who at present is en- throned in the Galdan heaven, and who is frequently represented in pictures, v. Kopp. ; byams-bzugs sitting like Maitreya, i.e. after European fashion on a chair, with his legs hanging down, opp. to fub-bzugs, like Sa- kyathubpa; yet he is by no means uniformly represented in that posture. nx- bijar, supine of byed-pa; byar-med 1. ^ prop. : non faciendum, not to be done. 2. sbst. inactivity, inaction in the speci- fically Buddhist sense, apathy, indifference, byar-med-kyi nan-la ynds-par gyi* T/if/>'. . byds-pa, pf. of byed-pa ; byds-na 'si fecens\ 'sinjeceris', after a preced- ing prohibitive ma byed also to be rendered by else; as sbst. 1. l factar\ 2. foetus: byed- pa byds-pa a doer of deeds, as the first grade of holiness; byds-pa ties -pa, yzo-ba Sch. to keep in mind a thing done, to re- quite, to reward ; byas-cos Mil., also known in C., seems to be a notion akin to our conscience, *jA-c zdtl-po, nem-pa* C., *jk$- ti* id. 376 ' fj- fy/* 1. G/r., .ft/*., byi byed-pa to commit ^ adultery or rape of females, 6^-aurfpunish- ment for it. 2. v. byl-ba. 3. Pur. *bi* bird, of. byiu. ^"^'(^T) byi-tdh(-gd) a medicine JJ/<?c?. n-nr* byi- fur or cfoj 1 , 1. n. of an animal, NS inhabiting caves S.g. ; byi-dur-ma Sik. porcupine. 2. spine of a porcupine or a hedgehog Sch. -cfc/V a kind of silk stuff? 5"^N* byi-dur v. byi-fur. '*; byi -dor the wiping, cleaning; fo/cw* zes-pa byi-dor-gyi las dei min the word pyag-bddr denotes the act of clean- ing Lex.; commonly byi-dor byed-pa e.g. ynds - su to clean, to sweep a place Dzl. ; spiritually; to cleanse one's thoughts Mil.; byi-bddr byed-pa Dzl. to dress, trim, decorate one's self, to make one's self smart. tyi-po Sch. bosom. 2. W. male-cat, tom-cat. q'T byi-ba 1. sbst. .B. and 6'. ; col. C. *)hi- ? fe" L</., Pwr. *fo'-fce*, Ld., L/t. *sa- bi-li(g}*, rat, mouse, and various other ani- mals: by i-ba-rka it-rill Sch. rabbit (?); dniil- byi Sch. white rabbit. byi-dkdr Sch. white hare. byi-Kuii mouse-hole. byi-rdoSch. rat's-bane, arsenic. byi-ldem mouse-trap. byi-ndg Sch. fitch et, polecat. byi-prug young mouse. byi-brun Dzl. mouse-dung. byi-bld v. sub byi-la. byi-fsdh mouse- nest, mouse-hole. byi-fser medicinal herb Med. byi- dzin Cs. mouse-trap; byi-bzuit Lt., ' l bi-zitm* W., etymol. id.; but applied to that troublesome plant, the bur (bur- dock), which is stuck into mouse-holes, to fasten in the skin of the mice. byi-loh etym. blind-mouse Sch. mole. II. vb.: byi-ba byed-pa Cs., = byi byed-pa 1. to mouse : to steal, to pilfer. 2. to commit adultery. III. pf. of O byi-ba q. v.; byi-ba spu, Sch.. hair that has fallen off. q-^ byi-bo Lex. ; Sch. little child, infant, = ^ byis-pa. byi-bzin n. of one of the lunar man- sions, v. ryyu-skdr. \ ^ J'3" byi-ze Cs. = tabs, manner, way, method. S'X* byi-'ru COral, frq., also byu-ru; byi-ru * ^ mdog light red Glr. *^^ff\byi-ruy medicinal plant Med. g.^. byi-la, B., W. *bi-la, bi-li* (Hind. *billd*), cat; byi-lai brun, cat's dung Lt.- byi-bla Wdk. id.? In the latter work it is mentioned as the name of a certain monster, whilst byi-blai ryyal-mfsdn is an attribute of the gods, resembling a flag with a cat's head at the top. byi-ldm Wdk.? byi-sdii Wdn.? byin-ba v. Jbyin-ba. bijiii-byiii-fu-lu 8.y. n. of an animal (?). byihs-pa 1. Cs. general, common. 2. Sch. hidden, concealed. 3. Cs. root. The word seems to be a secondary form of spyi ano dbyi/is, yet in various pas- sages of medical works none of the above meanings is applicable. qr fy'i n ! pomp, splendour, magnificence, ^ e.g. of kings; byin-ce-bar bziiys-paio be enthroned in great splendour Dzl. ; yzi- brjid dan byin ce Dzl. mfti dan byin Dzl.; byin-can magnificent, splendid, brilliant, byin - med the contrary. 2. blessing , a bestowing of blessings, a power working for good, byin-bdb Lea:., -pdb Sch.: conferring blessings (?), bcom-ldan- dds-kyi byin -yyis by the blessing, the miraculous power of Buddha; yet also applied to devils, v, below; most frq. byin-gyis rlob-pa, pf. brlabs, ft. brlab, imp. rlobs, to bless, mi a person, sa- yzi a place Mil., also followed by the termin.: sems-can-gyi sduy-bsiidl zi-bar byin-gyis rlobs grant thy blessing, that the m isery of beings may be assuaged Mil.;bu mfun-rkyen O dzom-bar byin-gyis rlobs bless the son, that all happiness may be accumulated on hi m Mil.; rgijud ynyen-po bzdii-bar bless my soul, that it may be an efficient help (to these people) Mil.; relative to devils: log- 377 byin-rten O dren bdud-kyis byin-gyis brlabs heretical teachers sent and fitted out by the devil; so also Tar. 46, 13; to create, to change into Mil., Tar.- hence byin-rlabs blessing, byin- rlabs byed-pa, resp. mdzdd-pa frq., ytoh-ba, resp. stsol-ba 6s., = byin-gyis rlob-pa; byin- rlabs-can, byin-rlabs daii Iddn-pa blessed, sanctified, highly favoured, men or things Pth. ; so also byin-rlabs zugs-pa Mil. ; O dre- O dul byin-rlabs blessing pronounced against demons, exorcism of devils Mil. ; meton. : I am the O pdgs-pai byin-rlabs of all of you, he who will help you to go to heaven Glr. byin-rten Cs., the relics of a saint, or the place where they are kept ('depository of blessings') ; also in the shape of pills, which liberal donors receive from their Lamas, and which they swallow, par- ticularly in the hour of death. j^T-rt- byin-pa 1. sbst. calf of the leg, byin- pa nd-ba pain in the calf; byin-sul Cs. 'hollow on the inward side of the thigh'(P). II. pf. of sbyin-pa. q<r2f byin-po Sch. all, the whole; general; byin-gyis prd-ba by degrees, more and more fine etc.? bye-brag byin-rlabs v. byin 2. qqxj" byib-pa, pf. byibs 1. to cover, to wrap up, gos-kyis Lt. 2. Cs. to hide, con- ceal, keep secret, hush up. fcq- byiu 1. Pur, *biu*, little bird, bird S.g. - 2. Sch. alpine hare. H(2rn w byil-ba to stroke, mgo-bo-la byil-byil byed-pato stroke a person's head Pth. byil-mo naked Sch. byis-pa 1. child, esp. little child; byis- -pai) nad disease of children Med. ; byis-pa btsd-fabs obstetric science Med.', byis-ston v. nd-zla sub na I, 2; byis-pai bio Cs. childishness, want of judgment; byis-pai skye-bo a plain, ignorant person, a person not initiated Thgy., /S.O.; mo-byis girl, lass Mil. ; byis-pa-zun-zig Cs. , twins. 2. boy, lad, till about the age of 16 years, frq. (W. not in use). 3*^" byu-ru = byi-ru. qcrra- byug-pa 1. unguent, ointment, salve, ^> ' whether as colouring-matter, medi- cine or sweet scent DzL, Med.; byi/g-pa ska thick ointment, thick plaster; fyyug-pa sla thin unguent Cs. 2. foot-bath W., perh. better: bcug-pa. byug-ris, Lex. gral, place, in a certain succession or row; byug- ris zog make room, leave a place empty Sch. OTKT byugs v. Jbyiig-pa; byugs-spos anoint- 3 ' ing-oil Sch. nr* byun v. O byun-ba', byun-fsul history, ?> story, particulars of any event, nai byitn- fsul de-ltar yda that is my story Mil. ; byun- rdbs Sch. id. q^* byur B., esp. of later times and col., 5 Ld. also byus, misfortune, mishap, ac- cident, byur ce-zin bu mi ysos-na if one has the great misfortune not to be able to keep a child alive Dom.\ mi-la byur O gel-ba to draw down misfortune on a person Dom.; *nd-la jur cug son* W., *jhur* 6'., I have had misfortune, I have been uniortunate; byur-gyi, also byur-can unlucky, disastrous, perilous. *jhur-ndg* great calamity C. byur-sel preservative against misfortune. ran-byur-rdo was explained: a sling- stone with which one hits one's self. tT'^r byur-po,Cs. also-6w, vulg. byur-byiir heaped, a heaped measure of corn or meal; byur-por bkan Thgy. ^- bye 1. = byeu little bird, bye-glin bird's ^ nest Ma.', bye-prug a young little bird Dzl., also bya-prug; bye-brun bird-dung Wdn.; byeu ^.ur-pa Sch. partridge. 2. v. la. bye-mgo 1. bird's head. 2. an offi- cinal mineral S.g. q*q* bye-ba ten million, bye-ba-prag ysum ^ dan sd-ya-prag drug thirty-six million ; bye-ba sa-ya, eleven million; it seems to be among the larger numbers one of the most popular, as the word million is in English. -wrr bye-brdg, f^f^rf, 1. difference, diver- ' sity, K6-bo dan sahs-rgyds bye-bi'dg ci yod what difference is there between me and Buddha? DzL; bye-brag O byed-pa to find, 24* 378 bye-ma J byed-pa to show a difference, c. genit. in, of, be- tween things ; to analyze, to explain; variety, diversity Was. ("266); bye-brag bsdd-pa = vibhasha Was. (147), also bye -brag -bsad- mfso or -cu-yter, title of books; bye-brag- can Cs. different, bye-brag-med-pa Cs., mi- pyed-pa Dzl. equal; bye-brdg-tu smrd-ba Thgy. , bye - brag - pa, tnffqfefi, name of a school of philosophers, Atomists^Topp.I, 69. - 2. division, section, class, species, ,-/////- O groi, rol-moi bye-brag a species of animals, a kind of musical instrument etc. Lex. ; yul- gyi bye-brag a part of the country, province, Tar. 33, 6; bye-brdg-tu (to go through) according to the separate classes Zam. B'T bye-ma (C. *jhe^ma*, W. *be-ma*} 1. ^ sand, frq. 2. sandy plain, sands, yser- gyi bye-mai dkyil-na in the middle of a plain of gold sand Glr. 3. gravel (disease) Schr. bye-ma O bru -ycig a grain of sand Cs.; gdn-pai klun-gi bye-ma tsam as much sand as there is on the Ganges; bye-ma- kd-ra brown sugar, ground sugar, Hind. TfVn, C. bye-dkdr white sand, bye-nag black sand. bye -cab Lt. sandy water, water standing on sandy ground. bye- Ijons a sandy tract Cs. bye-fan a plain of sand, a sandy desert Glr. bye -pun heap of sand. bye-fsub sand raised by a whirlwind. bye-^ril (Schr. hriT), small sugar-balls, Indian sweet -meat, imported into Tibet, C. ^r-n* byed-pa I. vb., pf. byas, fut. bya, imp. byos, vulgo byas (Sp., Bal. *bed-pa*; in Ld. and Lh. instead of it gen. *c6-ce*}, resp. mdzdd-pa, eleg. bgyid-pa, I. to make, to fabricate, with the ace., e.g. a house, an armour etc.; with las or la, to make out of or of: yser-las out of gold, sin-la Tar. 160, 11 of wood; with the ace. and termin. to form to, to work into, pdgs-fa sog-sog-tu to work or manufacture skin into parch- ment Dzl. ; with the instrum. : to do with, to make of: O dis ci zig bya what are you going to do with it, to make of it? Dzl. to cause, to effect : lhun-ba de nas byds-pa yin Mil. it was I that caused this falling; with the supine, to take care that: byed-par O dod-par byed-pa to make him inclined to do it Dzl., ma sor-bar byos sig Pth, take care, that he do not escape; yod-par byed- pa to produce, procure, provide, dei ynds- Kan-la sogs-pa byds-nas he provided for him a dwelling with appurtenances Dzl.\ to fit out, equip (a ship) Glr.', to act: rgydl- po, dran-sron etc. byed-pa to act a king, a saint, as much as: to rule as a king, to live as a saint Dzl., bld-ma byed-pa to be a priest 6'.; in a gen. sense: to do: byd-ba dan, bya-ba-ma-yin-pa ston-pa to teach what men ought to do and what they ought not to do Thgy.', to commit, perform, execute: nyes-pa byed-byed-pa one that has repeat- edly committed himself, las or byd-ba byed- pa to perform an action, las ci zig byed what are you doing, what is your business? fobs yod-de byed-mKan med there is an expedient, but no one that carries it into effect Ma ; mi byar mi run-bas as it must be performed, lit. as it cannot remain un- done Dzl.', bsdm-pa Itar myu^-du byds-na if an intention is speedily executed, per- formed; las byed-pa to work, to be efficient (of a medicine); to act, proceed, pretend, affect: ci Itar byds-na legs how proceeding is good? i.e. which is the best way to pro- ceed, how shall I manage best? Glr.; bsdm- ytan - la yod-pai lugs byas he pretended, affected to meditate Glr.', dei lugs-su byao I will act as he does, I will do like that man Glr.', gd-le byed-pa Mil. to proceed slowly, to be slow; to take, to assume, to count: zag bzi-pa ddn-por byds-na if the fourth day be taken for (counted as) the first Wdn. ; byed-pa with the termin. of the inf. is frequently used periphrastically or to give force to other verbs; such forms are: ysod-par byed-pa to kill, pa-mas ses- par byos (or gyis) sig, resp. yab-yum-gyis mKyen-par mdzod cig dear parents, you must know ! Dzl. ; on the other hand : pa- la rig -par gyis sig let your father know about it Tar. 37, 7 ; in such cases the pro- per sense is merely to be gathered from the context. Besides the simple fut. : Q dug-par byao I shall remain Tar., K6-mo grogs byd- q^'^T byed-pa yis as I shall be with you Glr.', the form byao frq. serves to express necessity: btsdl- bar bya I must seek DzL; esp. with a ne- gation: brjod-par mi byao they are by no means to be pronounced; the participles in the short forms of yton-byed and ytoii-byd differ, in as much as the former is used in an active sense, e.g. one giving, a giver, the latter in a passive sense, one to be given; they may be formed of any verb. For spe- cific combinations, in which byed-pa is differently to be translated, as dpe byed-pa, yid-la byed-pa etc., refer to these words. 2. to say, to call, yet chiefly only in the pf. tense: zes byds-pa DzL thus said, so called ; snar byds-pa bzin according to what has been said before DzL; byas-kyan though saying Pth. and in the fut, which in that case, however, frq. stands for the pre- sent: (zes) byd-bai sgra byun-no a voice thus speaking was heard Glr. ; de-la dbyans ses byao these are called vowels Gram.', (zes-) byds-pa, or more frq. byd-ba, the so called, being often joined to a name, that is mentioned for the first time, e.g. Anu, the so called, whilst we should say, a man, called Anu, or of the name of A.; byd-ba also implies: of the purport, to the effect, just as ces-pa is also used: ( fsol-ziy' byd- bai lun byun-nas an order being given to make a search Glr. 3. to go away, to disappear: byas son he disappeared Glr. II. sbst. 1. byed-pa and byed-mKan, the person that does or has done a thing, the doer, performer etc. ; author, bstan-bcos byed- mJcan the author of the work Tar. 2. byed-pa the instrumentative case Gram. 3. byed-pa the doing, dealings, with noun in the instrum. case: de- dra-ba mi-rigs-pa rgydl-pos byed-pa such wrong being done by the king, such unjust dealings of the king DzL; in the genit. case: blo-yi byed- pa dbyins-su sbos hide the working of your understanding in the heavens, i. e. let it disappear in nothingness ; effect, also with the noun in the genit. case, Wdit. 4. byed (-pa)-po, doer, accomplisher etc., mcod-sbyin byi'd-pa-por bos he invited him as sacri- 379 brd-lxi ficing priest Tar. ; O dul-bar byed-pa-po con- verter Tar. ; bkra-xis spel-bai byed-po aug- menter of eternal happiness (from a hymn); byed-pa-po instrumentative case G-ram. ; as the twelve byed-pa-poi skye-mced I here cite the following from WdK., without being able to offer an explanation: bdaa, sems-can, srog, O gro-ba, yso-ba, skyes-bu, gan-zdg, sed- can, sed-bddg, byed-pa-po, fsor-ba-po, s&- pa-po, mfon-ba-po, where, by the by, it is to be observed, that thirteen are here enu- merated, byed-pa-po being mentioned again with the rest (a want of accuracy, which is not unfrequently to be met with in the scientific works of the Tibetans). 5. byd- ba q. v. gq- byeu (also byiu q.v.) little bird; byeu- ^^ zul byed-pa v. zul; byeu-la-pug S.g., a medicinal herb 6s. 3^*q* byer-ba v. Jbyer-ba. n^r tyes, Lexx. and col.; foreign country; abroad, byes fag-rih-ba a far distant country 6s.; byes-su ^gro-ba to go abroad, to travel; byes-su O dea-pa to remove, to emigrate Lex.; byes-nas sleb-pa to come from abroad Lex.; byes -pa traveller, for- eigner, stranger; *lam-rog bes-pa yod-pa yin-te* W. proceeding together as fellow- travellers. 2fq* by6-ba Cs. rnd-ba byd-ba to hear, hearken, listen. q<3rJ' byon-pa v. Jbyon-pa. prq* byol-ba v. O byol-ba. byol-sdn animal, esp. quadruped; byol-son-bas glen-pa more stupid than a brute Mil. ; byol-son, rgydl-po the lion Mil. brd-ka v. fd-ka. bra-nye, n. of a lunar mansion, v. rgyu-skdr ?. brd-bji, 1. sbst., n. of a small rodent, living under ground (not mole 6s., but rather suslik, earless marmot Sch.) ; brd-pu- se Ld. a similar animal ( pra-li?); bra- ml,'dr, bra-fsd/t Cs., burrow of it; bra-brim 380 brd-bo bran Lea;., bra-ril Cs., dung of it; bra-lpdgs skin of it. 2. vb. to have or to be in great plenty, to abound (?), rdti-gis za ma bra, btun ma bra, gon ma bra she allowed her- self no abundance of food, drink, or cloth- ing; *za~, tun-, cin-, lab-, zer-dha-te* eat- ing, drinking plentifully; walking, speaking, talking a great deal C. ; *fsa-, (/ho-, dhdn- dha-te* being very hot, warm, cold C. brd-bo (prov. *brau*, Pur. *bro*) buck- wheat; bra-pye Lex., rjen Sch. buck- wheat flour; bra-sog buck -wheat straw, serving as a poor sort of fodder during winter. mr brag rock, brag rtse-ysum-pa a three- ^ ' pointed rock; brag-sked the middle height of a rock, opp. to brag - mjug and rtse its foot and top Cs. brag-spos prob. an aromatic herb, used for incense Lt. brag-skibs beetling rock. brag-rgydl a prominent, high and precipitous rock, tower- ing rock. brdg-ca, -ca echo; also fig. for something unsubstantial, shadowy, not existing Mil. brag-mjug foot of a rock Cs. brag-pug rock-cavern. brag-pye dust produced by hewing stones Glr. *dhag-bhon* = pa-bon C. brag-dmdr name of a rock in or near Lhasa, alledged not to be identic with dmar-po-ri(Sch.). *dag- tsel-wa, dag-sig-pa* mite, tick W. brag- rtsdn rock-lizard. brag-rtse top of a rock. brag-zun mineral pitch, bitumen, is said to cure fevers and even fractures. brag- ri rocky hill. brag-rud fall of a rock. brag-ron chasm in a rock, ravine. brag- sig v. brag-rtsel-ba. q- bran 1. resp. sku-brdn chest, breast, (cf. nu-md); bran rdun-ba to beat one's breast Glr.; *t'u-gu dan-la cir-te Kyer-ce* W. to carry a child pressed against one's breast. bran-kyed (?) Cs. a high, pro- minent chest. brah-dkyil middle of the breast, cardiac region. bran-lkog Mil. prob. = Ikog-ma. bran-skds Sch. the dorsal vertebrae opposite to the chest. *dan - kud* string of the bran - fcun (-gun, -Kon, -gon), pellet-bow, a bow furnished with two strings, to shoot pellets or small stones, bran-rdi or -rdeu, with it W. *dhan-K6g* C. cardiac -region, pit of the stomach. bran-sgro snake, serpent (like lto- gro). bran-bur the middle convex part of the rdo- rje Ma. bran-fsig Lh., prob. heart-burn- ing. bran-(y}zol Cs. dew-lap. bran- ze Mil. prob. breast-bone, sternum. bran- yyun Sch. tame, gentle. bran-rus Med. breast -bone. *dan-ldg* W. the hands crossed on the breast. bran-so Glr. breast, brisket of a butchered animal. 2. also Jbran, gen. Jbrdn-sa, eleg. mcis-brdn (q.v.), resp. yzim-brdn, bzugs-brdti night-quarters, halting -place, whether under a roof or in the open air; also as much as stage (of a journey); brdh-sa O debs-pa Tar., prob. also *bor-ce* W., to take up night -quarters; dwelling, particularly a temporary one, lodg- ings; but also a permanent abode, esp. in W. ; *ddn-sa tdn-ce, ydr-ce* to take in, to lodge a person over night W. (cf. ynas 2). brdn-Kan, dwelling-house, dwelling-room Pth. bran-grogs house-mate, bed-fellow. bran-dpon master of the house, land- lord. po-brdn v. po, bla-brdii v. bla. " bran-ne Lex. = kran-ne. J" brdn-pa v. O brdii-pa. qy- bran 1 . slave, servant, mi-brdn l vir ser- ' VMS' $.#.; 6rcm byed-pa to be a serv- ant, to serve Cs.; brdn-du O gyur-ba to be- come a servant 6s. ; bran - du K6l - ba to make another be a servant, to use him as a servant B. ; brdn-du skul-ba to engage a person as a servant, to get him to work for one's self Glr.', brdn-du Kas-bldns-so Pth. they promised to serve him; lus nag yid ysum brdn-du pul-fe devoting heart, mouth, and body to his service Pth.; nan nub Ito-gos-kyis brdn-du fcol morning and night I am a slave to food and clothing Mil.; subject, one owing allegiance, *la- ddgs-si gydl-po-la ddn-yul-fso* a village subject to, belonging to, the king of Ladak W. ; brdn-po servant, slave Tar. ; brdn-mo maid-servant, female slave; bran-K6l, bran- yyog = bran; also collectively, servants, domestics, household. 2. texture, in the 381 bran-pa compound fags-bran byed-pa to weave Mil.; nye-brcin Mil. seems to be some decoration of the shoes; sno-brc'm Mil. something si- milar. cu-brdn Glr., and mfso-brdn?? bran-pa to pour out Tar. bran -mo 1. v. bran 1. extr. 2. also = *dan-tsos* W. finger, toe. brdb-pa v. Jbrdb-pa. brdm-ze, from 3^]*^ 1. Brahmin, Hindoo priest; brdm-ze-mo female Brahmin; brdm-ze rig-byed O don-pai sgra the voice of a Brahmin reciting the Yedas, being taken as a sign of good luck; brdm- ze-pa an adherent of Brahma. 2. a priest in general S.O. (Ace. to Fouc. transl. of Gyatch. 13 and 52 also = brdhmana, the theological part of the Vedas; this is how- ever against the tenor of the Tibetan text, which requires the word to be taken in the former sense.) 5&T bral v. O brdl-ba. 2j* bri v. Jbri-ba. brid-pa 1. Sch. 'to continue, to reit- erate, to repeat continually; brid-la yton-ba to give again and again'. 2. v. brid-brid-pa Sch.lo float, to move confusedly, before one's eyes. brid-rtsa LtJ bred-pa " brim(s) \. O brim-pa. q*r bris v. O bri-ba; bris-sku, sku-bris pic- ture of a saint, drawn or painted 6s. bris- bur the art of painting and carv- ing images. bris- ma written book. nag-bris a drawing Cs.; fson-bris a coloured picture. brit-ba v. Jbru-ba. .-. ' bru-ba-fsd Lex. hunger. bru-zd or bru-sd Wdk., prob. = gru-zd and gru-sd Pth., O bru-sdl or Jru-sdl Ld.-Glr. Schl. 19, b. 21, a. name of a country to the west of Tibet, bordering on Persia. brhg-pa to flow, to stream, to gush Cs.; sbst. current, flow, flux Cs.; cu brug-pa flowing-water Lex. q*. brun dirt, dung, excrements, mi-brun, >i bya-briin, sbraii-brfin etc. feces of men, birds, flies etc. Med. and elsewh. brub-pa, brubs-pa v. O brub- pa. brul small particles, fritters, bits, crumbs, bag-brul C. crumbs of bread; brul-ba Mil, C. to fall, into an abyss Thg. ; to fall off, fall out, fall down, of leaves, seeds etc. ; brtil-bu, brul-lu = brul W. us v. bru-ba. S- bre,*cle*, Sskr. sffjr, J - a measure for dry things as well fluids, about 4 pints; ace. to 6s. ^ of a Jbo\ bre-bo ce, breu cun large and small bre, Cs.; yser-pye bre gan Glr. one (small) measure of gold-dust ; bre- do two measures; bre-la-yson that will just fill a bre Zam. ; bres bsar - ba to measure with a bre Lex. ; lha-Kan bre-fsad tsam zig a miniature temple, not larger than a bre Glr. ; vulgo also that part of the Chod-rten, which has the shape of a corn -measure; in a general sense, measure, bre-srdn ytdn- la Jbebs-pa Glr. to regulate measures and weights. 2. *bre* Ld. Lh. *bre-se* Run. Eremurus spectabilis, a plant of about a man's height, belonging to the asphodels. 3. v. bre-ba. 5'ffr bre-ko basin for washing C. bre-ga medicinal herb; the same plant) Med. B*n* bre-ba v. O bre-ba; bla-bre, ka-bre Sch. capital, chapiter, upper part of a co- lumn or pillar. bre-mo Sch. unfit, useless, worthless; bre-moi ytam Thgy. bregs-pa v. Jbreg-pa. bren-ba v. O bren-ba. bred-pa to be frightened, afraid, in fear = rtdb-pa\ B. and C.; abrt'fl- gyis diians-sin bred-pa to be frightened by a snake Wdn., or bred-cin dndns-pa /V//.: 382 brel-ba bdhd-kyis bred-na if you are afraid of the devil Glr. ; bred- foms Lex. ; *dhe'-po* fear- ful, frightful, terrible C. j^prq- brel-ba 1. vb. (not the same as Jbrel- bd) 1. to be employed, busy, engaged, to have business or work on hand, ned mJcar- las-l\yis brel- nas Ion mi O dug being engaged in building, we have no time to spare Mil.; O dod Jco-nas brel-na if one is entirely taken up with lust and pleasure; *dhe-rih nd-la, dhel-wa yo', san-nyin sog* to-day I have a great deal to do, come to-morrow C.; brel-bas on account of much business Dzl. 2. synon. with p'6ns-pa to be poor, to be without, wanting, destitute of, c. instrum.: Ions- spy od-kyis brel-ba Dzl. ?2>G, 7; more frq. with a negative: cis kyah mi brel-bar byds-so they did not let him want anything Dzl. 92, 17, Sch.; O fso-bai yo-bydd-kyis mi brel-bar abounding in every necessary of life Dzl. ?\S^S, 3 (ace. to a better reading) ; combined with another word : pons-brel-te ; brel-pon-med-cin Dzl., mi brel-bar not sparingly, scantily, niggardly, e.g. to bestow Dzl. frq. II. sbst. 1. C. and B., a being engaged in a multiplicity of business v. 1,1. - 2. W.: business, affair, concern, *nd-la dtl - wa zig yod* I have some particular business, concern, suit; *del-wa ci yod* what do you want, what are you about, what are you doing there? j^j. bres 1., W. also bres-kyu manger; rta- ^ bres manger for horses. 2. v. bre. 3. v. Jbre-ba. ^f bro 1. oath, bro -fsdl-ba to take an ^ oath(?) Pth., bro Jbor-ba id., dbu-bsnyun dan bro bor - ro Glr. they swore by their heads, nif. 2. dance, bro skrdb-pa Lea;., Krdb-pa Mil., brdun-ba Glr., resp. zabs-bro mdzdd-pa Mil. to dance, leap, gambol, as a manifestation of gladness and mirth, whilst gar byed-pa is a regular kind of dancing, with gentle and waving motions of the body; rna-bro drums and dancing Glr. ; bro-mtian Cs. dancer. 3. Pur. bro v. brd-bo. 4. v. bro-ba. 5. bro-ndd Lex., Mil. and elsewh.; Sch. 'an epidemic disease'; bro- O fsdl Sch. 'cold (in the head), cough, catarrh;' Tar.: pdgs-pa lo man-por sku-bro O fsal-te; Mil. : sin-tu bro- fsdl-bar gyitr-nas. j^-. bro-ba, I. vb. 1. to taste, to smell, vb. a. &n.; ynyid kyan mi bro-bas, not even enjoying (tasting) sleep Dzl.; Kd-ro skyd-ba bro one has an astringent taste in the mouth Med. ; spos bro-o it smells of in- cense Dzl.; dri-ysun zim-pa bro-o it has a pleasant smell Dzl. 2. C. to desire, to wish, = O d6d-pa, blo-bro-ba id.; nu bro-ste being about to weep Mil. II. sbst. taste, savour, flavour, col. bro -blag (*dob-ldg*}, lan-fsa Ka-zds kun-gyi bro-ba skyed salt imparts flavour to any kind of food S.g.; bro ltd-ba or myoii-ba, col. * ''dob-lag nyah- ce* W. to taste, to savour; to try the taste; bro-ba-canCs., * dob -lag-can* W. savoury, pleasing to the organs of taste, exciting the appetite; bro- (ba-~)med tasteless, in- sipid 6s. bro-ma v. gro-ma. brog-zu v. prog-zu. yrod, = bro-ba, taste (zim-po) *dliff- cen* C., *dod-can*W., well-tasted, savoury; *<//*<?' cem-po* C. of a strong, powerful taste. 2jff-q- brod-pa joy, joyfulness, brod-paskyed- / ' pa Mil. ; dga - brod id. C. ; ci - brod readiness to die Mil. Here may be quoted also drod 2 and 3. nq* 5 pj* brob, brol v. Jbrdb-pa, O brdl-ba. Jft- bros I . v. bro 5 ; bros - febs Sch. - ^ 2. v. Jbr os-pa. q. bla I. the space over, above a thing, ^ chiefly occurring in compounds; bld-na above Lex.', bla-na-mcd-pa, ^rsjTno nav i n S nothing higher over it, the upper-most, the very highest, e.g. byan-cub, ses-rdb and the like frq ; bla-na-med-pai lam, bla-med- rdo-rjeifeg-pa, sndgs-kyi lam, the mystical method, v. mdo 3; sd-bla, above the earth, above ground, opp. to sa-steh, sa-^6g upon and under the earth. Generally fig. : superior, better, preferable, ban-mdzod stoii yah blao then even an empty treasury is preferable Dzl.\ commonly with the pf. root of a vb.: 383 bla fse O pos kyaii blao Dzl. then I will rather die; less frq. with na: si-na yan blai since even death is to be preferred Dzl. ; frq. it may be rendered by 'may', ryydl-bar yyur kyan blao then may rather . . . gain the victory (than that I should . . .) Dzl.- also pleon.: kyod miy-gis mi mfon yan blai be it that you do not see it (it is of no con- sequence whether you see or not) Dzl. %9&, 7. In the passage Tar. 123,8 bla seems to stand as an adv. for 'very', Schf. Comp. bla-gdb, bla-yos ( W. vulgo *tsd- dar, tsd-sar*) = yzdn-yos, upper garment, cloth, servinglndians, and occasionally also Tibetans as a covering, = toga, l^aziov^ bla-gdb prdy-pa yciy-tu yzdr-ba to throw the toga over one shoulder, frq.; bla-yab- med-pa, 1. without upper garment Dzl. 2. having no wish, no desire, free from passion (?) bla-bre, also bla-re, canopy, dais Dzl. and elsewh. bld-ma ^TfT 1 . the higher., upper, superior; bid-mar byed-pa to esteem highly, to honour, syn. to bkur-sti byed-paDoman, Tar.; the exact grammatical explanation of mii bld-mai cos-kyi co- prul Dzl. V/C, or of the similar passage mii cos bld-mai rdzu- prul Burn. 1, 164, offers some difficulties, although itisevident, th&tBurn. has hit the sense better than Sch. Of later date is the signification: 2. the superior, i.e. spiritual teacher, father confessor, ap^, with the genit. of the person Pth.', in a more gen. sense: ecclesiastic, priest, 'Lama' Thgr., Pth.; in East. Tib. a title designing a high eccles. degree, something like 'D.D.' v. Desg. 247, 371 ; bla-mcod for bld-ma dan mcod-ynds ecclesiastic and sacrificing priest, whether it be one and the same person, or two different individuals Pth., Mil. ; bla- (ma-)cen(-po) chief Lama, Grand-Lama. - bla-brdn resp. for dwelling-room or house of a Lama or Lamas, whilst yzim-tfdn, po- brdi'i are the resp. expressions for secular dignitaries. bla- slob, bld-ma dan slob- ma, the Lama and his disciple Sch. sman- yyi-bla v. sman. II. Sch. 'soul, life'; ace. to oral expla- nations: 1. strength, power, vitality, e.g. in - bldy-pa food, scents etc., just like bcud. 2. blessing, power of blessings, like yyan, e.g. *tim-mg mi-la la cem-po mi dug yan mi cay* C 1 ., no blessing attends a contemner of the law. 3. an object with which a person's life is ominously connected; thus very com- monly bla-sin a tree of fate (gen. a juniper or in W. a willow-tree, ral-lcdn\ planted at a child's birth; ryydl-poi bla-gyu the king's turkois of life Glr.; bla-ddr a little flag on the house-top, on which benedictions are written; bla ynds the omen is lasting, propitious, nyams it is vanishing, fore- boding danger; so prob. also Dzl. 3, 1 7, where it is not at once equivalent to 'soul' (Sch.-). - III. frq. incorr. for sla. IV. in some combinations it has a signification not yet accounted for, e.g. bla rdol-ba Sch. to find fault with, to blame, abuse, without a reason; bla-fse(?) Lex. ' ? Sfpf bla-ydb, gos v. bla I. S$k' Ma-Mn, -mtod v. bld-ma ' sub bla I. bla-ynydn MedJ bla-fdbs Lex. .--.. bla-ddys Gram.; Sch.: 'a primitive word, an abstract noun'.(?) bld-na v. bla I. - bld-bor Sch.: 'well! that may be! so much the better!' ' bla-brdn v. bld-ma sub bla I. bla - fs6 > 9 la - fso Sch - : here ' ditary portion, inheritance. bla-yyii, g" bla-sin v. bla II. I'-V bla-re v. bla-bre sub bla I. 6Za# 1. sub bde-bldy q.v. 2. sub btso-blay q.v. bldy-pa \. pf. blags, rnd-ba bldy- pa = md-ba ytdd-pa Le.c. : to incline one's ear to, to lend one's ear, to listen to (bldy-pa not by itself 'to hear' Cs.) - 384 bldh-ba 2. mct-ma blag -pa to shed tears. 3. in blag -pa med-pa, the free translation of 3TP3H <* I f^ <=h- Burn. J, 309 takes it in the signification given by Sch. to bde-bldg, and explains it by 'bare of every convenience or comfort'. bldii-ba v. len-pa. bldd-pa to chew, secondary form to Iddd-paLex. bldn-pa = gldn-pa Cs. jH^* blar, frq. incorr. for slar. n-q- blu-ba, pf. blus, to buy off, to ransom, to redeem, mi de blu-ru yton-ba to pay in order to redeem a man, to pay as a ransom for him Glr.; p'ug-ron-yyi srog blus he redeemed the life of the dove Dzl. ; O di-dag-gis ryyal-poi mgo blu-o therewith 1 will redeem the king's head Dzl.', to re- cover, to redeem, yte-ba, a pawn, pledge, security C.; blu-rin the money or price paid for the redeeming of persons or goods, ransom. r blug-pa v. Idug-pa. blugs-sku molten image; blugs-pdr casting-mould;6%s-wa cast metal, statues, relievos (cf. O bur-ba); blugs-yzdr, dgdn-blugs v. yzar; jd-blugs urn-shaped vessel for pouring out tea etc.; spyi-blugs v. spyi-bo suh spyi; mdr-blugs oil-pitcher. blud-pa 1. vb. Idud-pa. 2. sbst. to blu-ba, release, ransom, redemp- tion Sch. blud-bu v. rlud-bu. nj-q* blun-padu\\, stupid; stupidity, foolish- N? ' ness; blun-po stupid, foolish; fool, idiot; blun-po la -Id . . . O dzin some fools consider it . . . ; blun-poi lugs foolery, fool's opinion, fool's wisdom, expressions frq. used in scientific works to defeat antagonistic views; dge-ba mi byed-pai mi ni blun-po yin the man without virtue is a fool; O dod- yon-la cays sin-tu blun to be given to lust is folly Pth.\ byol-son-pyugs-pas blun more stupid than a beast Mil.; blun-ytam, blun- fsig foolish talk, foolery; blun-dad super- stition MU. (cf. dnos-dad). blus v. blu-ba; blus-ma ransom Cs. & bio I. rarely blo-ba mind ( Was. ^ 1. the intellectual power in man, under- standing, mKds-pai bio dan Iddn-pa Dzl., bio rno-ba Glr. talented, gifted; bio cen-po (cuii-nu) of great (small) mental abilities C. ; bio ysdl -te of a clear understanding, sharp-witted Dzl.', ses-pai bio sagacity, in- telligence, judgment Dzl.; bio - rgyd Sch. comprehensive intellectual power; blomyur- zin being of quick comprehension, sharp Dzl.-, blo-rdb, -Jbrin, -dmdn-pa of sound, moderate, weak intellects or mental faculties Mng., the last expression is frq. used in modestly speaking of one's self Glr. and elsewh. ; blo-yimun-pa intellectual darkness, a darkened mind Glr. ; bio - bag narrow- minded, weak in intellect Sch. ; fcyod ni bio nor-ro you are mistaken; blos-lcogs-pa 'to be competent in mind or judgment' Sch.', blo-na-Jbab'-l understand' Sch.(?) 2. mind, thought, memory, cos dan yi-ge-la bio jug- pa to direct one's thoughts to religion and to learning to read Glr.; bio -la sbyor-ba to impresss on the mind, to inculcate Glr.', blo-la bzugs-pa whatis retained by, treasured up in the memory Ta,r.', blo-la bzun-ba to learn by heart Glr., W.: *loa or lo-na zum-ce* ; bio -fag -cod v. sub fag -pa I. 3. mind, sentiment, disposition (here in part = yid), blo-la O dod-pa to desire; bio O dun-pa interest, concern, v. O dun-pa; mcod-pa byed-pai bio- can de he that has a mind, is disposed, to sacrifice Dzl.; ran bde-bar O dod-pai bio med- par without any regard to his own welfare Thgy.; bio nye-ba friendly sentiment; also: kindly disposed Glr.; sddn-bai bio a hating mind, malevolent disposition Lt. ; bio gro- ba Sch.: 'to get soft, moved, touched, sad', ace. to a native authority : to be agreeably affected by ; bio mfun-pa to be of the same mind, like-minded, with supine also: to agree Glr.; perh. also: to be unanimous, peaceable, on friendly terms Sch. ; fcyed-kyi bio dan mfun-pa agreeably to your wish Mil. ; blor ma son Sch. 'the mind could not take it in' Tar. 51,7, Schf. : 'it did not please 385 blon-po me, I could not reconcile myself to it'; *blo skyel-ba* W., *M-ba* C., cel-ba &.(?), to rely, to depend upon, bio gel-ba to hope Sch. (the correct spelling as yet doubtful) ; bios yton-ba to give up, resign entirely, to risk, venture, e.g. rdn-gi srog Glr., Mil., bio spdn-ba, id. Mil.; *fse- di lo-tdn* monk C.; ^6-cay bios ma tons-par as she was so much attached to us Mil. ; ran -bios ma fons- pa a man attached to himself, in love with himself; bio ytod-pa Schr. to trust, confide (cf. compounds) ; de-las bio zlog-pa Thgy., to subtract, to draw off, divert, dissuade from ; bio brid-pa to deceive, impose upon, cheat Glr. (blo-yi bdag 'conscience' Sch., ace. to Schr. not. an authenticated expres- sion). Comp. blo-Kog-ce confident, courageous, intrepid, undaunted. - blo-gros sense, in- tellect, understanding; blo-gros- kyi ses-bya what is to be discerned by the understanding; blo-gros dan Iddn-pa, blo-gros-can sensible, judicious (of persons), blo-gros cen-po C. of much sense, of an excellent understanding, cun-nu C.,zdn-paMil. of little understanding ; blo-(jros-med unintelligent, injudicious; blo- gros -rgyal-po n. of a medicinal plant, = smug-cun Wdii. bio-can having mind, sense; byis-pai bio-can having the mind or sense of a child, thinking like a child Cs. ; having a mind, v. above mcod-pa byed- pai bio - can de. blo-nyes ill -meaning, malicious Glr. blo-ytdd, blo-ydeh hope, confidence, assurance, bddg-gi blo-yden su- la O ca in whom am I to place my confi- dence. blo-ydeii cos-la byed-pa Glr.\ W.: *lor-tdd or lo-ddn co-ce, kyel-ce(s)*, c. la. blo-rtog prob. = blo-gros, blo-rtog t'a-ddd- pa Pth. people of different mental abilities. - blo-stobs l. C., W. courage. 2. W., ge- nerosity, magnanimity, or perh. also equani- mity, self-command, e.g. if a person remains kind and forbearing towards disobedient servants. bio - fobs counsel, expedient, bio -fobs tsdl-baMa. blo-bde cheerful, happy. blo- dod covetous, greedy. blo- sna 1. blo-sna man-ba Glr. was explained by our Lama: having manifold thoughts, being restless, flighty, giddy. 2. W. dis- position, turn of mind, *lo-na rin-mo* slow- ness, irresolution, also longsuffering, *lo-na fun-se* resoluteness, determination, prompt- ness, both also adj.: slow, irresolute, and: resolute, determined etc. blo-med inju- dicious, foolish Cs. (Dzl 9LL, 18 makes no sense, there being prob. an error in the text. The translation of Sch. seems to be a mere conjecture). blo-bzdn 'sound sense', col. *'lob-zan'*, a very common name .of persons, blo-sed Sch. 'memory, intellec- tual power'. blo-scms mind, soul, heart, blo-sems-bde = blo-bde Mil. blo-bsdm in- tellect; W. : *lo-sdm med-Kan* foolish, one not knowing what he is about. II. frq. incorr. for glo. Sfq- bl6-ba I. vb. to be able = pod-pa; Kyod mi Id-na if you cannot; *di mi lo* that you cannot (dare not) do, prob. only W. vulg. II. sbst. = bio, frq. used by Mil. for the sake of the rhythm. * bio-bur = aid -bur sudden, suddenly; Kyed dd-ltar-gyi dad-pa bio-bur yin thy present faith is new, but just sprung up in thee Mil. ; mi-spyod blo-bur-du O gyur the conduct of men suddenly changes Ma. 'f blon-mo,for Ion-mo, bones or knuckles used as dice Mil. HT- blon 1. Lex. = gros, blon O debs-pa to ' give advice, to counsel; Cs.: to make arrangements 2. v. the following. "sfc'zf blon-po officer(prop. counsellor), any magisterial officer of higher rank; bldn-po danjbans commanding and obeying, higher officers and subalterns Glr. ; more particularly minister (of state); blon(-po) cen(-po) Glr., blon-po bkd-la ytogs-pa Glr., more commonly bka-blon(-po\ high officer of state, minister, governor; Krims-blon mi- nister of justice, officer of justice; rgyal-blon king and minister, also = council, privy- council, Glr. ; cos-blon 1 . (opp. to bdud-blon) an orthodox, faithful minister etc. 2. <fos- blon cen-po minister of public worship Glr.; rje-blon the same as rgyal-blon Glr. spyi- blon chief officer Cs. pyi nan bar ysum- gyi blon-po Glr., lit. outer, inner, middle 25 386 bha dban minister, a distinction not quite intelligible. dmdg-blon military, yul-blon civil officer Cs. nan-blon 1. v. above pyi-nan etc. 2. Z/A. country-judge. q. Ma, sometimes written for ^, either from ^ ignorance, or in order to appear learned, as is also ^ for ^, and so forth. bhd-ga Ssk. the female genitals, Pth. *C' bhd-ra-ta, bhd-ra-tai dum-bu, bhdr- ' ta, bdr-dha, Ssk. )K^4^U^ country between Lanka and the Sumeru, viz. Hin- dustan; also North-India, Mil. and elsewh. bha-lad, Urd. ouUj, Bang, belati, 'a far distant country', = pi-lin, for Europe. bhan-ge W., Ssk. a^fT, hemp. bhe-da v. Jbe-dha. rqq* <$ 1 . Lar. = z<?-sa reverence, respect, obs. 2. (or rbd) = the following. dba-kldn Glr., rba-klon Mil, Dzl, dba-rldbs wave, billow; rba-skya whitish waves 3/7.; dba-tsub surge, roar, turmoil of waves 6s.; dba-byi water-rat? dbdg-pa, pf. dbags Sch., v. d&o^- ^9 and bag-pa. w, vulg. 'arc*) 1 . might, power, potency, blon-po dban ces-pas because the minister was very potent Glr.; dban dge- dun-la ytad Glr., not only : 'he granted great privileges to the priesthood' Sch., but: he invested it with magisterial power and jurisdiction; rarely used of physical power or strength S.g. ; bsdad-dban-med it is not in. my power to stay Thgy.; bum-pa jo-moi yin-te dban ma mcis-so as the pitcher be- longs to my mistress, I have no power over it, I have not to dispose of itZte/.; sdod- dban-med-par having no strength, not being able to wait (from eagerness, avidity etc.) Glr.', dban-med } prob. sdod to be supplied (if the text be correct), this won't do so any longer Glr. ; (ran-^dban-med-du or par involuntarily, not being able to help it, e.g. to weep, rejoice, believe, Mil.: dban-med- du ma-ma O cdr-du ^jug-pa to make one weep; dban-med-du O col-ba to make a per- son powerless, to force by absolute power Glr. ; dbdn-du ^gyur-ba to get into another's power, to be overpowered Tar.', O dod-pai to get into the power of the passions, to be led away by them Dzl.; dbdn-du gyi>r- pa seems also sometimes to mean: he who has brought every thing into his power (?), along with nyon-mons-pa-med-pa and sems- rnam-par-grol-ba', dbdn-du sdud-pa to re- duce under one's power Pth.', snyin-rje to make the principle of mercy one's own, to practise it freely Glr., (where O du-ba stands); O gro-ba to comprise all beings, Glr.; dbdn- du byed-pa id.; dban byed-pa c. la, 1. to rule over, to govern, frq. 2. to possess, bddg- gis dban byar med-pa what one does not possess Thgy. dban-sgyur-ba c. la, to govern, to rule, frq.; dban O grub-pa id. seldom. dban skur-ba v. skur-ba and dban, 2. *wan tdn-ce* W. to make efforts, to exert one's self, also = the next. dban zd-ba to offer violence Dzl. 9LV-, 3. dbdn- gis like a postposition, by, by means of, in virtue of, in consequence of, e.g. Ids-kyi of former actions Glr. ; na-rgydl-gyi dbdn- gis from or in consequence of pride Tar. 2. more especially in mythology, dban bcu Dzl. %V%, 14, also stobs-bcu Trigl 8, 6; Gyatch. II, 46, Burn. II, 781 seqq. 1. the ten powers of knowiedge of Buddha, v. Kopp.1,^37 seqq. 2. in later times yzan rjes- su Q dzin-pai dban bcu ten powers tending to the benefit of others are ascribed to the Bodhisattva, Thgy. : fse-la dbdh-ba (respect- ing this form v. below) power over the length of one's own life; sems-la dbdn-ba power according to one's own pleasure to enter into any meditation; yo-bydd-la to shower down provisions for the support of creatures; Ids-la to mitigate the punishments for their sins ; skye-ba-la to effect one's own re-birth in the external world, without dan- ger of being infected by its sin ; mos-pa- la at pleasure to change one object into another; smon-lam-la to see every prayer for the welfare of others fulfilled; rdzu- O prul-la to exhibit wonderful feats for bring- 387 Man ing about the conversion of others; ye-ses- la to understand all writings on religion (ni f .) ; cos-la to convey the publication of religion to all creatures at the same time and in every language. 3. in practical mysti- cism : various supernatural powers (v. skur- a), e.g. pyi nan ysdn-gi dban skur-ba Pth. is alledged to signify : to convey externally, i.e. into the mouth, the power of snan-ba- mfa-yds (this and the two following are names of Buddhas and demons), internally, into the body, the power of spyan-ras-yzigs and lastly into the mind perfect purity, i.e. the rfa-myrin, and together with it power over the demons. 3. regard, considera- tion (?). In later writings the composition of dbdn-du byds-na (mdzdd-na etc.) c. genit. (instead of which in C. also dbdn-du sor- na, son-na are said to be in use), is frq. to be met with, signifying as much as: when ... is concerned, when ... is in question, for the purpose of, or merely : respecting, as regards: legs-pai, jigs-pai, btsdn-pai when beauty, firmness, formidable appear- ance (of a royal castle) are concerned, are the points in question Glr,; shdgs-kyi dbdn-du rtsis-pai slo-ka prob. the Slokas being numbered with a regard to the Man- tras, i.e. including the latter Tar. 127, 16. 4. symb. num. : 5 (dban being taken for dbdn-po). Comp. and deriv. dban-bskur consecra- tion, inauguration, initiation Was. (189), = dban-bskyur might, power, e.g. sans-rgyds- kyi Glr. dban-grdl the row of those that are to be ordained or consecrated. dbdn- can mighty, powerful Cs. dban -fan \. might, = mna-fan, dban-fan-med-pa low, mean, of inferior rank Dzl. 2. time, chro- nology Lexx. 3. destiny, fate, predestined fate, or rather the destiny of any creature con- sequent to its former actions, fse dan dban- fdn, frq.; dban-fan-med-pa may therefore imply: having no destiny, i.e. no particular destiny. dban- dus-po-brdn 'Angdopho- rung' of the Indian papers, n. of a fort in Tibet. dbaii-lddn mighty, powerful ; dban- Iddn-gyi pyogs Daman, dbdn-poi pyogs Sbh., dbdn-po is said to be north-cast. dbdn-po v. the next article. dban-pyug 1 . adj . mighty, also sbst.: dban-pyug yzdn-las ce-ba Glr. 2. symb. num.: 11. 3. noun proper a. Iswara, Siva Glr. , hence also the Lingam as his emtlem 6r/r. b. Avalokitesvara(r/r. dbdn- ba 1. vb. c. la = dban byed-pa, e.g. rgyal- srid-la mi dban he does not succeed to the throne; gen. with accus. yog O di dbdn-ba yin one ... belongs to this one Mil.; bdag dbdn-bai rgyal-p'rdn the vassals under my sway Dzl. 2. sbst. = dban, e.g. fse-la dbdn- ba (v. above). dban-ris prob. domain, dominion. dban(-po)-ldg(-pd) a medicine, said to be prepared from a viscid, aromatic root, shaped like a hand. dban-ses per- ception, by means of the organs of sense Was. (278). dbdn-po 1. possessed of power, do- minion, nor-gyi dbdn-por gyur Dzl. (Ms.}; lord, ruler, sovereign, esp. divine rulers: Indra, also lhai dbdn-po; further rgydl-bai dbdn-po, fub-pai dbdn-po the highest of the Buddhas Glr. 2. organ of sense, dbdn-po lna(-po) a. the five organs of sense, eyes etc., also dbdn-poi sgo Ina Med. b. Trigl. 17, 6, five immaterial, trans- cendent senses of Buddha, which are in unison with his five powers, stobs Ina, as stated by Burn. II, 430, v. Kopp. I, 436. In natural philosophy six organs of sense frq. are mentioned, ?H4f being added as the sixth; medical writings also treat of dbdn- po dgu or dbdn-poi sgo dgu, v. bu-ga. 3. sense, intellectual power, dbdii-po rnon-po of acute intellect, dbdn-po rdul-po of obtuse intellect, also as common expressions for sagacious or dull Dzl. ; dbdn-po nyams the senses are weakened, become dull Med.; lus sems dbdn-po body, soul, and senses (are glad, are pure etc.) Dom.; dbdn-po yso-ba to gladden, strengthen, revive, the senses Mil.; rdn-gi sems -las dbdn-poi rnam-ses O byun out of the spirit (of the personality which during the time between two periods of existence is in a disembodied state) the sense-endowed soul (of the new individual) is generated (in the process of conception) 388 S.g. 4. genitals, Wdn. and elsewh. ; dbdn- po lag-pa v. dban-ldg sub dban. jrq^'&j- dbdr-mi Sch. a faint-hearted, timo- rous man. rnor dbal Lex. = tog and rtse-mo top, sum- mit, point e.g. of a mcod-rten Glr.; the point, or ace. to some the grooves of the pur-pa or exorcising dagger; rtai dbal bzan-nan LexJ dbdl-ba v. Jbal-ba. rq dbu resp. for mgo, head, frq. ; beginning, 3 commencement, e.g. of holy doctrine Glr.- *'u Idn-ce* W., the mode of greeting between Lamas, by touching each other with their fore-heads; to bless (a layman by imposition of hands); dbu mdzdd-pa to be the head, the principal person, e.g. in an assembly of believers Mil; more defi- nitely: dbu mdzdd-do he was my instructor Mil. dbu-skrd the hair of the head. - dbu-rgydn ornament of the head, diadem Mil. dbu-rnds Sch. pillow. dbu-can furnished with a head, i.e. with a thick stroke at the top (of a letter), hence the name of the Tibetan printing characters. dbu-cen 1. higher officer. 2.dbu-cun subaltern officer 6s. dbu-r)e Reverence, Reverend, title of Lamas. dbu-snyuh bzes-pa Sch., dbu-snyun dan bro O bor-ba Glr. resp. to swear by one's head. dbu-fod royal cap, crown. dbu-mfun drun-du resp. the same as zabs drun-du in directing letters : To ... dbu- pdn elevation, high rank, dignity, stod-pa to praise, smdd-pa to despise, to revile (dignities). dbu-ma 1. n. of the goddess Durga, the wife of Siva. 2. principal vein, v. rtsd-ba. 3. the middle (-doctrine), middle -road, YfVRT? which endeavours to avoid the two extremes Was., also dbu-mai lam or ltd-ba; dbu-ma-pa an adherent of this doctrine Sch., cf. however mdo extr. dbu-med the Tibetan current hand-writing, cf. dbu-can. dbu-rmog Zam. w.e. ; in W. *gydl-po u-mog co zig* is said to signify: Long live the king! dbu-rtse the top, pinnacle, of a temple, monastery Glr. dbu-mdzdd (cf. dbu mdzdd-pa above) chair- man, principal, warden, in convents an offi- cial that takes the lead in performing the dbus prayers. dbu-zwd cap. dbu-sog title- page Sch. dbii-ba v. Ibu-ba. dbugs 1. breath, respiration, dbugs rnub-pa dan O byin-pa or Jbyuii-ba to respire, to inhale and exhale air Med., W. *ton-ce* for Jbyun-ba; dbugs O byin-pa to stop for rest, to recover one's breath Sch. (and perh. Pth.); dbugs-dbyun fob-pa to be eased in one's mind, after despondency Tar.; *'ug gyan bor-ce* W. to stop, to keep back one's breath ; *'ug sub or kor tdn-ce* W. to choke, suffocate, strangle, throttle; skye- gro fams-cdd-kyi dbugs len-pa to take away the breath of beings (which is ascribed to the demon pe-dkdr) Glr.\pyi-dbugs seems to be the last breath of a dying man, but ndn- dbugs is some fantastic physiological notion Thgr. ; dbugs mde-ba and mi-bde-ba an easy and a hard breathing Med. frq. ; dbugs-fun short breath; dbugs rdzdn-ba or brdzdns-pa shortness of breath, asthma, as a complaint of old age Thgy.; dbugs lheb-l/teb byed-pa to pant, to be pursy Med. dbugs-rgod Lt. ? dbugs-ndn Sch. flatulence. dbugs febs-rel Sch. 'in one breath' ? 2. a breath, one respiration, as smallest measure of time = j-gVff Kyim 4 seconds. * dbun Lex. = dbus. dbub-pa v. Jbubs-pa. dbur termin. of dbu, Sch. first, at first. dbur-ba, also ^ur-ba, 'ur-ba to smooth, sog-bu paper, ras woollen stuff, yzdl a pavement Cs.; *'ur gydg-pa* 6'., *gydb-ce* W. to iron, to smooth linen etc., *'ur-cag* smoothing-iron. dbul-ba I. vb. v. O bul-ba. II. adj. poor, indigent Dzl; sbst. poverty, want, penury, dbul-ba sel-ba to relieve want Glr. ; dbul-zin O p6ns-pai rigs a poor and indigent generation Dzl.; hence frq. dbul- pons poor, a poor man, pauper Mil.; poverty Glr. ; usually dbul-po, fern, dbul-mo, poor. - dbus (Ld. *W, C. *V) 1. middle, midst, centre, fdg-pai dbus tsdm-du dben-pa 389 " dbyi-mon pyin - nas having proceeded about to the middle of the rope Dzl.; skye-boi dbus-su in the midst of the people Tar.' fan ynyis- kyi dbus-ri the hill (mountain) in the middle between the two plains Glr.; dbiis-kyi ri- rgydl Sumeru standing in the centre (of the world) Mil.; seldom relative to time: bzugs- pai dbus-su whilst he was sitting Glr.; in metaphysics : dbus dan mfa 'the medium and the extremes' 6s. A siat. Researches XX, 577 dbiis-ma the middle one (of three or more persons) Mil., (of inanimate things) Glr. 2. in a specific sense: the central province of a country, a. of India, hence = Magadha, the holy land, land of Buddha Thyy. b. of Tibet, the province U; dbus- pa an inhabitant of it; dbus-ytsdn U and Tsan. en*-- dben-pa solitary, lonely, e.g. a road Dzl; solitude, loneliness, dben-pa O di-na iu tbis solitude Dzl. ; dben-par O yro- ba or ynds-pa frq.; dben, id.: dben-la dga Ma.; dben-(pai} ynas, sa solitary place, esp. hermitage ; dben-ynas cen-po brgydd-kyi sa earth from the eightgreat hermitages, sacred places of pilgrimage in India Glr.; like bstons-pa the word is construed with the instrum. case: mas dben-pa, solitary as to a mother, i.e. motherless; snyin-pos dben- pa = snyin-po med-pa Tar. dbo 1. n. of a lunar mansion, v. ryyu- skdr, no. 99. 2. the belly-side of fur. * dbo-ba v. Jbo-ba. dbon-po ( W. *'6n-po*, C. *'om-po*) 1. B. resp. for fsd-bo grandson; nephew; dbon-srds id. Glr.; dbdn-mo fern.; mes-dbon ancestor and grandchild Glr.; dbon-zdn Glr. 95 seems to denote son-in- law and brother-in-law, with which also Sch.'s Mongol transl. agrees, Geschichte d. Ost-Mong. p. 359 med. 2. Lama-servant C. 3. a certain sect of Lamas, clad in red, shorn, and married, = *sor-kyim-pa f , C., W. 4. a Lama skilled in astrology, who for instance, when a person has died, performs those ceremonies, that serve to avert harm from the survivors W. db6l-ba Cs. = rtol-ba, Lex. rd:iii dbol-ba. d by ((f ' ts , *#'<(*)* L singing, song, tune, melody, ylu-dbydns id.; lun- bstdn-gyi dbyaiis prophetic song, psalm Mil.; dbyans^-su) len-pa, dbyans byed-pa to sing Dzl ; sfod(-pai) dbyans song of praise, hymn of thanksgiving, *jh&-pa* C., *pul-ce* W.; ydun- dbyans a song of aspi- ration Mil. dbydris-can Glr. a deity, prob. = jam-dbydns-can-ma Saraswati, goddess of euphony. dbyans-snydn sweet singing. dbydns-pa singer 6s. *yan-zu* bow for a violin, fiddle -stick W. 2. vowel, hence dbyans-yig 1. the (four) signs of the vowels, Gram. 2. Cs.: notes (of music) or any contrivance for marking the modula- tion of sounds; so perh. also Glr. dbyar summer, in India : rainy season (cf. dus); also dbydr-ka, dbydr-Ka Mil., W., dbydr-dus, Cs.dbydr-mo; dbyar- dgun-med-par summer and winter Mil.; dbyar B.,dbydr-ka-la col. in summer;c?fy/ar- ynds 1. summer-abode, Sch. 2. the solitary summer-fasting of the monks; dbyar-skyes 'summer-born 1 ; dbyar -rnd summer-drum, po. expression for thunder 6s. dbyar- cdr summer-rain Cs. dbyar -zwa sum- mer-hat. dbydr-pa (Pur. *sbydr-pa*, elsewh. *ydr-pa*} poplar, various kinds of which tree are found in the vicinity of vil- lages, cultivated or growing wild. (Wdn. also sbydr-pa.) rq- dbyi (*yi, com. ''*) 1 . lynx, dbyi-mo the ^ female of this animal, dbyi-prug a young one; dbyi-fsda lair of it. 2. in U: beer, = can. dbyi-gu = dbyig-gu little stick, cf. dbyig-pa. ^.,_. dbyi-ba, prob. only fut. to O pyi-ba, to wipe off, to blot out, to efface, Lex.: ri-mo, a drawing. Sch. however no- tices also a perf. dbyis. dbyi-mo flax(?). . dbyi - mon medicinal herb , used against delirium Med.; Cs. : 'a plant 390 of an acrid taste, used as tea' ; in Lh. Po- tentilla Salesovii, of which neither the one nor the other fact is known to me. ^ dbyig(s) 1 . = nor wealth, riches, treasures, nor-dbyig id. DzL; dbyig-can rich, dbyig-med poor 6s.; dbyiy- mdn Lex. 2. prob. = dbyig-ynyen, pre- cious stone or a kind of such (r/r.andelsewh. I" dbyig-pa stick, = dbyug-pa. ]* dbyig-puSch.: 'implement for clean- NS ing, scouring, polishing'. dbyin-za Sch.: summer-hat ('?). ns 1. syn. with &fo, com. m/cai dbyins or dbyifis alone: the heavens, celestial region, rgydb-la brag dmar ndm-mlcai dbyins red rocks behind and the expanse of heaven Mil, ; Kyeu dbyin-su yal the youth disappearing was carried up to heaven Pth.; dbyins-na bzugs-pai dd-ki-ma Mil. 2. height Schr.-, the above passage was also rendered: red rocks behind, as high as heaven. 3. in metaphysics an undefined idea of extent, region, space, \irnT, (cf. klon\ cos-kyi dbyins, \f?faT<j, not 'the wide diffusion of religion' Sch., but a mere fanciful notion, or as it is expressed Wts. 143: le monde intellectuel de Bouddha; of highly learned Lamas the words are used: fugs-dgons cos-dbyins-su fim 6'.; and also dbyifis alone : blo-yi byed-pa dbyins-su sbos Glr. hide your mental activity in the hea- vens, i.e. let it be reduced to nothing; so prob. also Tar. 38, \Q, puti-po Ihdg-mo med-pai dbyifts-su, where nothing of the skandha is left remaining. Sch. : dbyins-su in a body, in one mass, whole, entire (?). rn*' dbyin or fyin byed-pa Sch., to incite, ' instigate, set on. dbyibs shape, figure, form, byd- dbyibs-can having the shape of a bird Lt; sin-rtai dbyibs dan O dra shaped like a waggon or carriage Glr.; skyes-pai dbyibs- la nos-bzun-ba to learn the nature (of plants) from the shape in which they grow; *a-me yib dug* he quite resembles his mother in shape W.; dbyibs legs-pa B. a flue figure, *sog-po* an ugly figure W., or also : of a handsome (or ugly) form ; dbyibs zlum-por yod it has a round shape Glr. zrqrrrqr STITCH- dbyug-gu, dbyu-gu 1 . small ^ U' ^i NJ staff, wand, rod, e.g. used as a magic wand, sun-dial etc. 6s. 2. Lex.: = cu-fsod q.v.; Sch.: dbyug-gu re- bzi, '64 equal parts of weight or measure; G4 quarters of an hour, or 16 hours'; but 64 cu-fsod would make as much as 25 f hours. _-_.-vt dbyug-rdo W. sling-stone; B.: rdo- ^2 I 1 r yug. _ _.^j. dbyug-pa I. vb. pf. dbyuys 1. to ^3> ' swing, brandish, flourish, a stick, a sword; to wag, riid-ma the tail 6s ; *yug yug )he'-pa* W., to swing to and fro , to dangle; *yug toil* Wl, swing! dangle! 2. to throw, cast, fling, *gydl-kar-ne do* C., to fling a stone through a window; to throw away, to throw down, *yug-le zog* C. (= *pdn-te bor* W.), throw it away! II. sbst , stick, C.; *yug-pa gydb-pa* C. to strike, to beat with a stick, dbyug-to Glr., dbyiig- fo, id. (Sch. club?) Lex. : = ber-ka, dbyug-to-can wielding a stick; n.p. r dbyuii-ba, fut., and in 6'. secondary form to the pres. O byin-pa. rB'JH* dbye-ba, (regular pronunciation *ye- ^ u-a, com. V-im*). I. vb. fut., and in C. secondary form of O byed-pa. II. sbst. 1. parting, partition, division, distinction, clas- sification Thgy. 2. section, part, class, species, dbye-ba nyi-su ysuits twenty diffe- rent species are named Lt. ; yi-ge O di dbye- ba ynyis these letters are divided into two classes; hence like sna-fsogs: sgyu-rtsdl dbye-ba manifold arts, artifices Smbh. dbye-brdl Lex.: discord, dissension. jrn<3Tr dbyen-pa (*yen-pa, com. 'en-pa*, dben-pa), difference, dissension, dis- cord, schism, dge- dun-gyi dbyen-pa byed-pa to create discord, to cause a schism among the priesthood DzL; dbyen Jbyed pa to make a difference, to discriminate Sch. med, dbye-ru-med-pa, dbyer-mi-pyed-pa in- 391 dbyes separable, not to be distinguished, quite the same, identical Glr. and elsewh.; bid-mar dbye/r-med prob. : identical with a Lama; esp. in the higher philosophy in reference to the impossibility of distinguishing be- tween good and evil (!). dbyes Schr.: magnitude, size, dimen- sions, so perh. where dprdl-bai dbyes ce is mentioned as a characteristic of beauty. dbrag, v. prag, intermediate space, interstice;. ravine, glen, defile, C.;Sch. also: vise, handvise. "]" dbrdd-pa v. O brdd-pa. "CJ" dbrdb-pa v. Jbrdb-pa. dbrdl-ba v. J>rdl-ba. o bdd-pa dbri-ba v. O bri-ba. dbre - btson (?) Sch. ; Lex. dbre- btsog dirt, filth. J" dbrog-pa v. O prog-pa. Jba Sch.: 'seizure, distraint'; or rather the liability of paying higher interest, payment not having been made at the ap- pointed time ; Jba-gan, Jba-gan-yig warrant for thus proceeding against a debtor C. ; ba-caWdn.; Sch.: lees from dis- tilling brandy. O bd-po magician, sorcerer, conjurer; Jbd-mo sorceress, witch 6s., W. O bd-ba 1. to bleat, W. *ba tdn-ce*. - 2. to bring, to carry, O ba-sog bring it hither! Sik., Jba-soh take it there! - 3. to commit adultery C. qqQ*H" O bd-bo, 6s. = pug -pa, hole, cave, cavern, brdg-gi cleft in a rock, grotto; O bd-bo-can hollow, excavated. onQ*n* Jbd-byi a kind of cake, baked of ^ parched rice or maize meal, fre- quently eaten with the tea C. O bd-zig B. only, solely, alone, bdag Jbd-zig tdr-ro I alone escaped DzL; rkdn-pa O bd-zig the foot alone (ap- peared party-coloured) DzL: blon-po de Jbd- zig-gi cun-ma only this officer's wife DzL] mere, nothing but, yser dan dhul Q ba-ziy-<jis gah Sbh. J>ag 1. mask, guise, disguise; cf. also sub sgo-lo. 2. imitation, effigy, like- ness, figure, O dra- Q bdg resp. sku- bag, zuL- O bdy id. ; O dra- bag-gyon-mi masked persons Pth O bag- cam, prop, masquerade, masked ball; 6s.: buffoonery, grimaces. O bdg-pa I. vb. pf. Jbags, fut. dbag? cf. sbdg-pa, to defile, to pollute one's self, bud-med dan with women DzL] O dod-cdgs~la through lust DzL ; to defile, to soil, to dirty, snod-la a vessel DzL &&, 7? '2. C. to take away, to steal, to rob; to covet, to wish to take, c. la Mil. (ace. to oral in- formation). ^ a #~% a sli g ht elevation, hil- lockTF. J^ag-rdg spider, J)ag-rdg-gi fsan cob-web Sik. O t>ags-lhag resi, remainder, rem- nant (of food) Mil. J>dn-ba to be soaked, macerated, softened by soaking Cs.,cf.sbdn-ba. o^ a " s subject, rgydl-po O bdns-su ^on the king turns into a subject Ma.\ Jbans byed-pa to obey, bkai Jbans bgyid- par (or bka-Jbaiis-su) fcas-blans-so they pro- mised to obey, to perform the command- ment Mil. frq. ; bdris-su bye"d-pa Cs. to re- duce under one's dominion ; gen. collective- ly: the people, the subjects, opp. to blon- po officers, magistrates, or rje, rg$dl-po etc. - Iha-bdus Tar. 165, 22 Schf.: slaves be- longing to a temple. O bdd-pa I. vb., imp. O bod, to en- deavour, to exert one's self, apply one's self, c. la or the terrain.; dus-rgyun- du cos-la Jbdd-pa de this (habit of) con- stantly applying one's self to religion Mil. ; also c ace. : dkd-ba brgya-prdg to perform a hundred exercises of penance ; col. to cul- tivate, raise, rear, take care of, zifi or sa- yzi to cultivate the ground, rgun- brum to grow vines, dud- Q gro to breed cattle; slob- par to apply one's self to learning, glen- mo fco-nar to devote one's self exclusively to public speaking, preaching C. 11. sbst, 392 bab application, study, exertion, O bdd-pa drdg-pos with most persevering application; Jbdd- pa dan rtsol-ba med-par without any exer- tion Glr.; hence Jbad-rtsol id.; skyes-bus srnb-pai Jbad-rtsol an assiduous rubbing with a human hand Wdn.; del Jbad-rtsol- gyis through his endeavours Thgy.; prob. also: volition, energy of will S.g.; the pas- sage in Thgy.: byaii-cub ci fob-la Jbad O fsdl- lo, is perh. not quite correct. Jbab l . a fall of snow Mil. 2. tax, dutySp. Jbdb-pa, pf. bab(s), imp. Jbob Cs., bobs Glr., to move downward 1. to descend, ld-nas col., a defile, in B. gen. with las, e.g. rtd-las Dzl., also rtd-Ka-nas Glr. to alight from a horse, mostly with Id, although ri-la Jbdb-pa may also mean : to alight (flying) on a mountain Dzl. ^V^,"2. 2. to fall down, yndm-la Kd-ba Jbab snow falls from heaven Dzl. to flow, the usual word; to flow off; mi-ytsdn O bdb-pai ytor- Kun sink-hole, for dirty water to run through Lex. 4. to alight on, to enter into, of demons Lt. 5. in a general sense, like to get: nya skdm-la Jbdb-pa a fish that has got on dry ground; nd-la re-mos Jbab Pth., or res Jbab Tar. it is my turn ; srog- la O bdb-bo Dzl. life is at stake; frq. in re- ference to time: ci-bai dus-la bdb-bo it has come to the time of dying, the hour of death has arrived; without a genit. : it is time ; skdbs-la bdb-bo there is now an op- portunity!)^. Jbab-cu river, rivulet, brook; also rain. Jbab-stegs access or descent to the water, steps leading to a bathing- place Hind. ' :: 'ghat. O bdb-mo* W. conde- scending, affable. Jbam 1. rkan-Jjdm a disease of the foot Sch. : gout. 2. Jbdm - yig v. yi-ge. Jbdm-pa Cs. putrefaction, rottenness; to be putrid, rotten, cf. bdm-pa. Jbdr-ba (vb.n. to sbdr-bd) 1. to burn, me Jbdr-bai Kdn-pa a burning house Thgy.; to catch fire, to be ignited; to blaze Dzl. ; also in reference to the passions frq. ; to beam, radiate, jd-du in light Tar. ; Jbdr-du ruii-ba Cs. combustible. 2. to open, to begin to bloom, to blossom, frq. 3. to talk, tattle, to be garrulous, babbling, *Jbar ^o-pa me'* it is not worth while to talk about it C. ; Ko nd-la mdn-po Jbar O dug he treats me to a long gossip C ; esp. to brawl, quarrel, chide, Ka- bdr quarrelsome, brawling Mil.; mdn-du Jbdr-du byun-ba-las as she was going to brawl still longer Mil. ; *bar-kdd tdit-ce* to rail at a person W. 4. dpal Jbar-ba Cs. to be celebrated, famous. Jbar-Jbdr 1. sbst. a high, pointed hill, cf. Jbag-Jbog. 2. adj. un- even, rough; pock-marked. Jbal-ba, used only with skra, I . to part, dress, arrange, the hair, as it is customary with the monks and nuns of certain sects; in Kham also national costume; stoa yyas Jbal yyon O bal byed-pa (of a nun) Pfh.; *bdl - O go - cen* a person wearing the hair thus dressed C.; skrd-Jbal- can, prob. id. ; C. : name of an old Indian sect. 2. as a sign of mourning, to have the hair disheveled, hanging down in dis- order Pth.; so also DzL ?c^y,17, ace. to correct reading; Jbal-Jbdl shaggy Sch. Jbi-Jbi small lumps of clay Cs. %( s )~f a ' P f - -W' fut - *% imp. jt%(s) and O biig(s)-pa, pug, dbug, pug, also pig-pa, pug-pa, 1. to sting, of insects Stg. ; to pierce, rdo-rje-yis ni rin-cen pug the diamond pierces the pre- cious stone Pth.; to bore, sin -la bug -pa Jbiig-pa to bore holes into wood Glr.; in a gen. sense, to make a hole, rkdn-pa Kyis pug the dog bit my foot Mil.; Icdn-pa Jbig- pa Thgy. and elsewh., to break into, to break open ; *Jt>ig gydb-pa*, id. C. ; cu- gdgs Jbiys it removes strangury Med. 2. C. to de- flower, to lie with, obscene. *bug-ce* W. to make remarks on an absent person, to criticize. biys-byed, n.p., n. of the Vindhya mountains (v. f^^). Jbin, *jham-bin* C., resp. *sol- bm* tea-pot. Jnb(s)-pa = Jbub(s)-pa Sch. 393 Jmm Q Jbti worm, insect, any small vermin, ^ esp. euphem. for louse; O bu-srtn, srin- Jbu, id.; O bu-skyoys snail Med.; O bu-tags Cs., cob-web ; *bu-ydn* (prob. a mere corruption of biin-ba) humble-bee W.; *><-///; * snake W. Jbu-ba, pf. Jbus 1. to open, to unfold, of flowers, esp. with KaPth. 2.6s. : to be lighted, kindled, set on fire. n"rzj' O bu-ma Sch. : tool used in forging ^ ' nails. O bu-rds a coarse silky material, stated to be imported into Tibet from Nepal, and to come from some other insect than the silk-worm. O bu-la 1. 6'., W. shoe of plaited straw. 2. 6'.: *ko-wa bu-la*, a kind of leather, resembling chagreen. bu-su-hdh medicinal herb Med. . awl, puncher; chisel. - Jbu/ts-pa, prop.: to fall upon in a body, to rush in upon, = rub- pa; cos-la Jbuiis apply yourselves with might and main to religion! it is also used of one person: O bad O buns he summons all his strength, strains every nerve Dzl, n qr-n- O bud-pa I. pf. bus, pu(s) (the latter form prob. transit., the former in- transit.) fut. dbu, imp. pu(s) l.vb.n to blow, Ids-kyi rlun Jbud-cin whilst the wind of works is blowing; cos - kyi dun bus the trumpet of religion blew (was blown). 2. vb. a. to blow, dun the trumpet; to blow away, rluit-gis sbur-ma bits-pa /far like chaff blown off by the wind DzL; to blow up, to fan, me the fire, frq.; to blow into, to inject, e.g. to apply a clyster C.; to blow or breathe upon, bser-bus to be encountered by a cold wind Med.; to inflate, to distend by injecting air, lus kun bus-pa Itar skraiis Mng.; O bud- O dun Wdk. = duri trumpet. Cf. sbud-pa and pu. W. *pu-ce*. II. pf. imp. pud, fut. dbud W. *pud-ce*, trs.: 1. to put off, pull Off. take off 6'., W., the turban, hat, coat, ring etc. Glr. and elsewh.; to throw down. pud bzdy-yo Glr., = * Q pan-ste* bar W., v. sub O pen-pa. 2. to drive out, expel, cast out, chase away, with the accus. of the person and place, ynl out of the country Tar.: //></- pud an exile Schr. ; dray-pos by force Mil. : to let out (out of a cage); to set free, to set at liberty, to allow to pass W. ; to lay out, to spend, *md tsam pud son* how many rupees have been laid out, spent? 3. to pull out, tear out, extract, uproot, so a tooth, C., W. 4. to take away, to subtract, *gu- ne (or gu fog-ne') zi pud-pa (or pud -no) ha lus* 4 taken from 9 leaves 5 W. III. pf. Jbud, vb.n. (limited perh. to W.} 1. to fall from, escape from, drop, fall down, *%- pa - ne bud son f it escaped, dropped out of my hand; to fall off, of leaves; to fall through, *sol-wa <la-mig-ne bud son* the coals are fallen through the grate. 2. to go away, to leave, e. g. to leave the service. - 3. to go out of sight, to disappear, *nyi- tna bud son* the sun is gone down; *bud- k'an* a departed (deceased) person; the an- cients. those of old, pi*isfini; to pass away, *dus-fsod bud* time passes away (make haste!); *pid-ka sar-na gun bud son* when spring begins, winter has passed away; *bud cug - ce* to cause to be lost, or to suffer to be lost, to lose. qq^'q* J<5"T J 3un -p a -> bun-pa to itch; *bun, zd-bun* the itch, itching W. ; *bun rag* I feel an itching (J5. yyd-ba). qqq*q* J>ub-pa, pf. bub, imp. bub(s), 1. to be turned over, upside down, frq. with Ka, Ka- bub - tu nyal he lies with his face undermost; Ka- bub-tu bzag or bar it is placed with its top lowermost, inverted, tilted, turned over; lag- bub (or -bubs) byed- pa Sch.: stumbling to fall on the hands. 2 fig., to be overthrown, destroyed, spoiled, with regard to meditation Mil. Jbubs - pa, pf. imp. pub(s), fut, dbub, W. *pub-ce*, to put on a roof, or something for a roof; fog to make, construct a roof; gur to pitch a tent; gru- corner-pavilion S.g. r O buw one hundred thousand, Jbum- fso id. ; rgyai dmay Jbiim - fso lha 394 o bum-pa o bebs-pa 500000 Chinese Glr.; O bum-prdg fcig a hundred thousand; Jyitm-fsv drug 600000; mgur-Jbum the 100000 songs, v. mgur-ma. p^g. Jbum-pa tomb, sepulchre Cs., sku- Jbum,ydun-Jb>'tmCs., id.; sku-Jbum (*kum-bum*) n. p., a large monastery on the Chinese frontier, v. Hue, also Kopp., who traces the name back to the preceding word. Jbur-ba, I. vb. l. to rise, to be prominent, sbdn-la brdg-ri Jbur-ba cig a rocky hill rising from the green-sward Mil.; Jbur-du ddd-pa v. dod-pa', Jbur-durko- ba to emboss, to work out relievos Glr.; *Jbur-ko gydb-pa* C , *bi<r-la ton-ce* W. id. - 2. to spring up, come forth, bud, unfold, *>w bur dug* it is getting green W. 3. to increase, augment, *no kye-na o-ma bur dug* Avhen the fields are getting green, milk be- comes more plentiful W. kyon-Jbur gold and silver ornaments in relievo on some other metal. glo - Jbur, bio- Jbur seems to be a technical term for some part of a building Glr. bris -Jbur paintings and sculptures. bur-rko-mJcan , Q bur-bzo-pa engraver. Jwr-sku relief-picture Jbur- rgod (s.l.c.)Ld.-Glr., ScM. 17, b., mentioned among various musical instruments (?). Jbur-joms with byed-pa to reduce elevations, to smooth uneven ground ; fig. Mil., to pro- strate an opponent in disputation. Jbur-po I. Sch.: projecting, prominent; a protuberance, tumor, rus-pai Jbur-poi Idebs near the pro- tuberance of the bonel/<%?. 2. having protuber- ances, uneven, rough, opp. to Jdm-po, of the sk'mMed. Jbur-ma embossment, relievo II. sbst. protuberance, e g. a boil, pustule etc. qqorq* JM-ba I. vb., pf. imp. put, fut. dbul (X .'.'**), W - *pM-ce* 1. to give, when the person receiving is considered to be of higher rank (cf. yndn-bd), ci tsam zig dbul-bar bgyi how much shall we give you? Peer Introd. p. 70, 18; to bring in, e.g to place a criminal before the king Dzl.\ gar dan rtsed-mo rgydl-po-la Jbul-ba to per- form dances etc. before the king Dzl.;ytsug- lag-Han rgydl-po-la )'zigs-par Jbul-ba to show the king the conveut-teniple Glr. ; to lay before, represent, report, like ysdl - ba, fsul rgyas pul-bas as they had given him a minute report of the manner in which . . . Mil.', pul zig communicate it to me Mil.' Jbul-barpul-nasMil., prob. proposing to give, offering; lam to put a person in the way of, to put in a condition, to enable Mil.] specifically in dating letters: dkar- mddns-nas pul given at Kardang. 2. to add (arith.) Wdk. II. sbst. offering, gift, present, Jbul-ba man-po pul Mil., also byed- pa Pth. Jbus-pa 1. v. O bu-ba. 2. = Jbiir- ba>\ prominent. O bu*-Mn Sch. a coppice of young trees. Jbe-dha (*bc-da*\ a class of itinerant musicians, cf. mon W. (This seems not to be a Tibetan word, but to belong to one of the mountain dialects; its spelling also ace. ivLd.-Glr., Schl. 25, b. p. 15 - may be wrong). J^ &&> * bem* W., C., 1 . aim, goal, target, Jben O dzugs-pa to set up a target; Jben-la y tod-pa to aim, to take aim ; Jben-sa the place where the target is to be set up; specifically: the central part of the target, the mark. 2. scope Cs. - 3. putrefaction Sch., = Jbam. o ben-dug Cs. rags, tatters. JMbs-pa, pf pab, fut. dbab, imp. pob W. *pdb-ce' ) causative to Jbdb- pa 1. to cast down, throw down, lto-ba sa-la to cast one's self on the ground Dzl. ; sa- rdul Jbebs bcug he made (the pigeon) throw down dust Glr. ; to cause to rain (e.g. jewels) frq. ; Kyeu cu O bebs-kyi ri-mo a picture re- presenting two youths who, driven by piety, conveyed by means of an elephant skins filled with water to the fishes in a dried- up pool Glr.) mig sna-rtser to keep one's eyes directed towards the tip of the nose. - 2. to subject Dzl. AS , 12. 3. to put off, to lay aside, e.g. bag \. 4. used in a variety of phrases: ynas Jbebs-pa W. *zi pdb - ce* to take up one's residence in a place; dpya Jbebs-pa, with la, to impose 395 bem J,6d-pa taxes Tar., cf 66; s%ow Jbebs-pa to imj)ute a crime to a person, to calumniate Glr. ; *(s)/'ad pab-ce* W. to translate; Wo, resp. fw</s, e.g. yul-pyogs Q di-ru Jbebs-pa to direct one's thoughts to a certain place, to have a mind to settle there; ytdn-la Jbebs-pa v. yfan; *na t/ul-la pdb-ca* to turn the barley into money Kun. beni v. ben. Jber ( s. : 'a sort of plastic mass used by smiths'. O bel(-rna) the hair on the fore- head of a horse 6s. Ml-P Sch.: 'temperate, saving, economical; Jbel-po jLug a good deal has been saved (by economy), ample provision has been made; Jjel-du O jng-pa to enjoin temperance, frugality' (?). Q^f o^ a dry measure, which seems to be very variable as to quantity, and little used : Kal-b6 C's. bushel. Jbo-ba, pf. Jbos, bo, po, fut. dbo W. *bo-ce, po-ce*, to pour out, Krag Jbo- ba to shed blood Ma. ; ma bo-ba byith-nas there being no spilling Glr. ; bdud-rtsi po- bas pouring out nectar Glr.; *pos ton* Ld. pour out! 2. to swell (up), to rise, *b6s- te rag* I see it has swelled W. ; Jbos-pai nas Sck, swelled bailey; srdn-ma pos-pa tsam as big as a swelled pea Lt. ; srrid- ma pos-pos grain swelled, and afterwards parched. 3. to sprout, shoot forth, of wild- growing plants, sa O bo O dug the ground is verdant C. %> a kind f upper-garment, po-Jbog, for men, mo- bog for females C's. 2. W.: a square cloth, for wrapping up and carrying provisions, also *bog-ca*, hence *bog-{es* a burden thus formed. 3. W., a small hillock; *sa-bog, be- bog* a sand- hill; *ri-bog* a projecting hill, also a clod; *paii-bog* a piece of turf. O bog-col v. sbug-col. O boy-f6, zwd-mo Jbog-fo 6s., hat with a broad crown of yellow cloth, and trimmed with long-haired fur. O bo<j(s)-pa, pf. bog, pog, fut. dboff? W. *boy-ce*, to be rooted out, uprooted, pulled out, of teeth W.; to be put out of joint, fsigs W. 2. to be taken down (opp. to O gel-ba), Hdl-rnams pog Glr. the loads were taken off; *zan the kettle from the fire W. 3. to grow loose, to come off, to drop off, leaves from a ttee 6'. 4. to sink down, to fall to the ground, esp. in a fainting-fit, Jbog - cin brgydl-ba Thgy., brgydl(-zii>'} % pa Pth , id.; Jbog yun rin-na Lt. prob.: when the fainting-fit lias lasted a long time; smijo- Q bog madness, insanity, Jjyuii sets in, takes place Glr. ; Jbog- si being quickly carried off, by cholera etc. W. 5. to wade, to dip into, to submerge, cu-la Dzl. also cu Lex. to wade through the wa'er. J> 6 y 8 -pa, P f - fut d%, dbag, imp. pog, 1. to give, to impart, ydams-i>dy, luii ccmnsel, advice, directions Tar. ; /end. bsldb-pa Mil. instruction ; sdi'im- pa to impose religious duties, i.e. to receive into holy orders Glr. ; to bequeath, to give(?), nor Lex. 2. yzi-ma to fit up a dwelling, Jbebs-pa Glr. ; gro Jb^gs-pa to take break- fast. 3. to blot, stain, pollute, v. Jbdg-pa. bon - ba 6s., roundness, rotundity, Jbon-Jbon, round; ace. to my in- formants *bon-bon* loose, slack, incoherent W. - " Jbod 1 . v. Jbod-pa. 2. v. Jbdd-pa. Jbod-pa^ bod-pa, pf. imp. bos, W. *bo-ce, bos (boi, bo}*, 1. to call, to exclaim, sdod cig ces bds-so he exclaimed: wait! Dzl.', mi zig B., mi zig-la col., to call a person; rtsar Glr., mdun-du Pth. to call near; ndn-du to call in; Q b6d-pai brda or fsig interjection Gram ; con -la Jbod-pa to call, to invite, to a cup of beer Dzl. ; ma bos-par V 6n-ba to come uninvited Dzl. ; / it- cos Jbod-pa Wdn., Jbod-grogs-pa Dzl. to cry repeatedly; *bos-ra* Ld., *boi-ra, bo-ra*Lh., ' tdn-ce or gydb-ce* id. W.', iiu-Jbod howling, v. im-ba. 2. to call, to name, to deno- minate, yul-skad. . . Jb6d-pa commonly called, styled . . . Wdn. 396 bobs O bobs, n t exactly 'stocking' (Sch.), but a soft, warm stuffing of the stockings ; *bob-zon* a shoe provided with such stuffing C. O bor-ba, pf. imp. bor, 1. to throw, cast, fling, e.g. the mendicant's bowl up in the air, the sword to the ground Dzl.', zdm-pai f og - tu to precipitate a person from a bridge Dzl. ; p-yir to cast out Thgy. ; *ma bhor-wa )he'* C. don't throw it away! *bhor son* I've lost it C. bor-ytor, bor-stor, bor-ddr, dor-Jbor-ba Mil. and elsewh. id.; to throw away, pour away, cu water C. ; to waste, to squander Dzl. 2. to leave, forsake, Kyim-fab husband or wife Dzl.; to leave behind, mi zig bod-du to leave a person behind in Tibet; ydb-kyis bor-bai tse when I was left by my father, when my father died Pth. ; de bor-la ton let that alone, give it up, keep away from it Mil. ; *na U-ka bor tan yin* W. I shall now leave off working, I shall put aside my work. 3. = Jog-pa, to place, put, lay, in W. the word commonly used, in C. and B. only in certain phrases: *l'-ru bor* put it here! *tdn- ni Tear bor-ce* to seat a person on the carpet, to invite to a seat on the carpet; *mii lag- tu t'in bor-ce* to place a charge into some- body's hands; *nyer-pa so-ma bor-ce* to appoint a new manager; frq. with gerund: *Kyi tdy-te bor-ce* to fasten a dog (to a chain). 4. in particular combinations, e.g. gom-pa. cA^ ( v - &0 cushion, bolster, mattress; snye-Jbol pillow, v. snye-ba. J> 6l -P B -> c -> * I>ol-mo* w. l. soft, of the ground, beds, leather, fruit etc. ; soft, gentle, pliable, also as to dispo- sition of mind ; Jbol-le sig-ge sdod-pa to sit still, to remain quiet, tranquil Mil. 2. C. = mod-po. bos L v - 0*0- 2. v. O bo - ba. - 3. sbst. boil, bump, tumour C. O byan-ba to clean, cleanse, purify Cs., Jbyan-Kydd custom C., W. ^ dm ~P a ' P f - fyams Cs., to flow over, to be diffused. Jbyam-klds- pa Lex., Cs.'. unlimited, infinite; rab-Jbydms Lex., Cs. : widely diffused, far spread ; rab- Jbydms-pa Cs.: a man of profound learning, a doctor of theology or philosophy; also Schr.- Kopp. II, 253. Jbydr-ba v. Jbyor-ba. aq-q* otyi-ba, pf- byi, also pyi and pyis, ^ vb. n. of pyi-ba to be wiped off, blotted out, effaced Cs. to fall off, of the hair Dzl. and elsewh. n q^-q- Jbyin-ba, pf. byiti 1 . to sink in, to sink down, to be swallowed up, -/,;- rta bye-ma-la O byin Glr. the carriage sticks fast in the sand; gru cu-la the ship sinks in the water Dzl. and elsewh. 2. to grow faint, languid, remiss, rig-pa byin-ba bser-ba to lift up again one's fainting soul Mil. ; byin-rgod seems to signify languor, distrac- tion, byir>-rmugs Mil., id., byifi-rmugs-med- pai s(/om; so also byin-fibs Lt.\ sems-byiii- ba drowsiness, indolence, depression of spirits. 3. C. *jhin son, jhit't log son*, they have dispersed, separated, are all gone home. 4. v. jin, 2. ofy'd-P a , P f - %*^ Pyid 1. to glide, to slip Lej.-. = O dred-pa. 2. to disappear, to pass away, e.g. mi-fse O byid human life passes away LM:; in W. *tse fjid-ce* vb. a., to earn a livelihood, *gdr-ra co-te* by smith's work (C. Ito zd-ba). J>y in -P a > pf- i^P- faun, fat. (in C. also pres.) dbyuti Ld. *}>in-ce*, trs. otjbyun-ba, to cause to come forth: 1. to take out, to remove, a pillar from its place Dzl.', *pi&8(ton)* take it out (out of your pocket, out of the box etc.) Ld. ; to draw out, pull out, a sword, a thorn etc., frq. ; to tear out, to put out, one's eyes etc., mig dbyun-ba de-dag the men whose eyes are to be put out Dzl. p. >C, 10, ace. to an emended reading; to draw forth, produce. bring to light, something that was hid Dzl. - 2. in a more gen. sense: to let pro- ceed from, to send out, to emit, rays of light, frq.; lus-la Jcrag to draw blood by scratching one's self Dzl.', mci-ma Glr. to shed tears; skad to make the voice to be heard, of a bird Dzl. ; sdug - bsndl - gyi skad to utter 397 O byun-ba complaints, lamentations Dzl.; skad cen-po to cry aloud Dzl. ; to exhibit, to extol, bstdn- pai ce-ba the grandeur of the doctrine Tar. 48, 9, Schf. to drive out. turn out. expel. ynas Jbyin-pa Tar.,*yun-ira* jf's., to banish, so also Ld. *pin-ce*; to cast out, throw away Ts. ; to save, rescue, liberate, release, was from, Dom.\ absol. Tar. 121,19. 3. par- ticular phrases, such as tfol-du pijun-ba, i/id Jbyin-pa etc. v. in their own places. (^OTra" ^yug-pa-, pf. and imp. byugs 1. to ' wet. moisten, smear, spread over, anoint, with la: sa skdm-la fsd-cu byugs-pa salt-meat Glr.; ydoii-la sol-mum O byug-pa to daub one's face with coal -salve Glr.: also with accus. and instrum. : lha-rten spos dan byug-pas covering the little temple with spices and ointments Dzl. ; yser O byug-pa prob. to gild Pth. 2. to stroke, to pat, mgo la a person's head Dzl p nr~ w n* O byuh-ba I.vb.. pf. imp. byu/'i (intrs ^ of Jbyin-pa) to come out, to emerge. often with a pleon. pyiretc., from the water, from an egg. a vessel etc. Dzl. ; Jcor-ba-las = to be set free, to be liberated Dom.\ to go out, Kyim-nas Dzl. ; pyi-rol-tu Jbyun-ba to go out into the open air Dzl. ; to make one's appearance, to become visible Dzl.; to show one's self, to appear rgydl-poi rmi-lam- du byun-bai Iha-ycig the princess that ap- peared to the king in a dream Glr.; also: itd-la rmi-lam bzdn-po byun I have had an auspicious dream Mil. : sgren-mor O byun-ba to go abroad naked Dzl. ; to be heard, to resound, skad frq. ; to be said, to be told Tar. to turn out, to prove, to be found, ma bzi- ba su byuii-ba he who is found not intoxi- cated Glr. ; ndn-pa byun it proved to be ill founded Mil.; ...pa su yan ma byun none was to be found that . . . Pth.; to step forward, from the crowd; to step forth, to appear Glr. ; to step up to, with rtsar to Glr.; brgyiigs-nas byutt they came running up or near Pt/i.; to go to, to proceed to, to come, /'// rtse-mor Dzl.', *ka-ndn-wa ma jiiii - na* W. if no order (permission etc.) comes: dbvga j'njir byuii-nas when breathing returned, when they recovered from faint- ing Dzl- mun-pai bskal-pa Ina-brffya byun- no then came, followed, 500 dark Kalpas Pth. 2 to rise, as kings, frq.; to arise, to originate, to become, \\ith was, /as, from, in consequence of, by, de-nas byun it de- rives its origin from that Glr.; O brds-bu Jbyuii-bai sin trees on which fruit is grow- ing Stg. ; mi O byun-bar <gyur ba not to come to a fair beginning, to be suppressed in its first beginnings Glr. ; kyeu zig byun O dug by that time a boy had become of it Glr.; ynyis-su bijUn they became two. they split in two (systems of doctrine) ; rdb-tu Jbyun- ba to become a priest, v. rab- to come in (money); to happen, to take place, very frq., ftos ci byun what signs have taken place? Dzl. ; mi zig-la nyes-pa cen-po byun = a man has committed etc. Dzl. frq. ; ro Q di-mams- la ci byun-ba yin what has happened to these corpses, what is their history? Glr. ; snar byun-ba and ma byun-ba things heard of and unheard of Tar.; k'd-pye-nas y6d- pa de-an de dus-su byun-no 'at that time also the opened position (of the hands of the image) took place' Glr. ; bld-ma-la yan byun Idgs-sam did the same thing happen to your Reverence? Mil.', ned-kyis O di-bzin byun it is I that brought this thing about Glr. ; pyu-byun or Jbyuit the later time, time to come, also adv. afterwards, latterly, Tar. 3. The word more and more assumes the character of an auxiliary in such phrases as the following: O gro-fub-pa byui/ they were able to proceed (the possibility of pro- ceeding was brought about) Glr. ; da bla- ma der bzugs-pa byim-na in case your Re- verence should stay there Mil.; with the su- pine: Jbul-du, zer-du, stdn-du byuri-ba-la(s) as they gave, said, showed Mil.; fugs-dam O pel-bar byun meditation increased; lastly. with the root only : bod dan Jbrel byuii came into communication with Tibet Glr.\ skb byun-ba -la when he appeared Mil. ; rdo dbyug byun he threw a stone; and so it is commonly used now, esp. in C. ; it supplies the place of a copula in : ymit de kun scms- la Jiin-tu O fdd-pa zig byun this song was truly heart-affecting J///. 398 Jbijun-po Comp. Jbyun-Kuiis 1. = cu-mig a well, spring Sambh. 2. origin Pth. 3. ablative case Gram. Jbyun-l'uits-kyiKams 6s./amineral, byun - l''uns - kyi /cams - kyi bcud a mineral elixir'(?) Jbyuh - ynds (^Rf^f), place Of origin (cf. padma Jbyun -/was); primitive source, yon-tan fams-cdd-kyi Q byun-ynds source of all accomplishments; byuit-bai yzi id. ; pan-bde tarns- cod Jbyim-bai )zi primor- dial source of all happiness. II. sbst. 1. a coming forth, an originating, the state of being, Jbyun-ba-nyid Tar. 4, 4 Schf. the true state of a case. 2. element, usually 4: O byun-ba bzii ynod-pa damage done by fire, water, wind and sand Glr.; O byun-ba bzii lus the physical body, very frq.; Jbyi'in ba yyo the elements are in motion, are raging Ma.; higher philosophy numbers 5 elements, adding the ether, mKa, as the fifth; ac- cordingly physiology teaches, that in the composition of the human body earth con- stitutes the mucus of the nose, water the saliva, fire produces the pictures formed in the eyes, air the sensations of the skin, ether the sensations of the ear; even 6 elements are spoken of, v. Kdpp. I, 602. 3. symb. num. for 5. Jbyun -po (^rjfl 1. being, creature, Jbyuii-po kun all beings 6s. ; Jbyiin- po cen-po the great being, Buddha 6s. 2. demon, evil spirit, foul sprite, frq., Jbyun- po-sruh a preservative, talisman, against such; Jbyun-mo fern. 6s. Qn'n* ofye~ba, pf- and imp. bye, W. *be- &?(s)% intrs. of O byed-pa 1. to open, padma Kd-bye-ba a lotos-flower that has opened Glr.; mnal Kd-bye-nas when the mouth of the womb has opened itself S.g. - 2. to divide, separate, resolve, .>/ sla jnyis-su bye it resolves into thick and thin matter Med.; dum-bu ston - du dbye-bar O gyur it separates into a thousand pieces Glr.; bye-brag ma bye-bai bdr-du as long as the separation has not evidenced itself Dzl. nqr*r Jtytdrpa, pf. and imp. pye, pyed, pyes, fut. dbye, W. *pe-ce(s)*, pf. and imp. *pe(s)*, vb. a., 1. to open, *Ka pe(s) ton* W. open your mouth; sgo pyes-nas pa Pth , *pe-te bor-ce* W. to open the door without shutting it again; fig. cos-kyi sgo rndm-par O byed-pa; mig to open one's eyes, op p . to O dzum-pa ; lon-baimig Jbyed-pa to open a blind man's eyes Dzl. ; to open again what had been shut or stopped, to restore, ddn- ga, yi-(/a B -, l^am W. the appetite; ba-pyed the open b, b pronounced like \v, Gram. ; to get out, work out, fetch out, stone-shivers by means of a chisel Glr. 2. to separate, to keep asunder, to disentangle, threads W.; to disunite, to set at variance, de-dag dbyc- bai pyir in order to set them at variance, to create enmity between them Stg.: to part, separate, byah-icog-stod-smad mcin-dris dbye-ba ste the cavity of the chest and the abdomen being separated by the diaphragm S.g.; to divide, classify, rigs-kyi sgo-nas dbye- na if they are classified according to the different species Lt; to pick, to sort, pease; hence, to pick out, choose, select, *f>6-fe kyoit* make your choice, and bring it here! W. ; sems-can-rnams Ids kyis rndm-par pye the beings are severed by their deeds Thgy.; M-pye-ba to open, to separate, eg. when hands, that were laid in each other, are separated again Glr.; fed -pye -ba also to open, to begin to bloom ; O byed-pa to dissect. to anatomize Thgy.; esp. with rndm-par, to analyze, to explain grammatically and lo- gically, don, the sense, import, Stg. frq. ; as sdud-pa is the opposite of it: Jbyed-sdud analysis and synthesis 6s.; byed-.sdud-Lyisyra term for the affix am, the disjunctive par- ticle (ni f.) Glr. ; mi-pyed-pa inseparable, in- divisible, imperishable, sku Sch.; unshaken, immovable, ddd-pa Mil. frq. Jbtjed-dpydd Sch. tongs, pincers. O', with bycd-pa, 'to act with promptness , determination and good success' Sch. aB^'fl* O byer-ba pf. and imp. bye>\ to dis- perse in flight, to flee in different directions Dzl. fs6n- Q dus byer-nas mi O diig- ste the market-people having fled, and no body remaining Pth.; to give way, to be 399 O by6-ba removed, of diseases Lt., opp. to ryyas and bsags. -^ a ? l )f - i n J"i vy*> im P- W %> os, to pour out, to pour into another vessel, to transfuse Lex. and 6s. %^-p, pf. %o</s to lick L^. and 6s. o byon-bu I. pf. bydn-ba 1. to be Cleansed, purified, v. bydit-ba. - 2. to be skilled, well versed, rig-byed-la in the Vedas Tr. II. pf Jbyohs-pa to be finished, perfect, complete, frq. with snyin- rje Mil and elsewh., to exercise full com- passion^) cf. sbyoii-ba. (The above arrange- ment is nothing more than an attempt; in order to arrive at any certainty as to these roots, a far greater number of observations would be required.) Jbyon-pa., pf. and imp. byon, resp. to go, proceed, travel, de-nas bydn- pa-na then in proceeding on the way Glr. ; to arrive, appear, become visible; also for Jbyidi-ba. e.g. ran-byon; with root of the verb: pur-byon-pas preparing to fly Mil.', ma-byon-pa = ma-^ons-pa future(Buddhas) S.O.; to rise, to appear; with dat. inf. = jug-pa to begin, to set about a certain work Tar. 125, 16. Jbyor-pa wealth, riches, goods, trea- sures, Jbyor-pa zdd-nii-ses-pa dan Iddn-pa one possessing inexhaustible wealth, bde-ba dan Jbyor-pa joy and treasures S.O.; Jbyor-pa drug Pth., prob. six kinds of tem- poral goods; rdn-gi Jbyor-pa Ina and yzan- gyi Jbyor-pa- Ina five subjective and live objective goods, of a similar nature as those mentioned sub dal-Jbyor, yet without any evident reason for being thus divided Thgy.; Jbyor - Iddn rich, mostly used as a noun personal. Q brdb-pa intrs. of sbyor-ba 1. to Stick to, adhere to Med. ; *Kydg-la )ar soii*, it is frozen fast W.; Jbydr - byed spyin glue Lc,r.; Jbyor-sman sticking-plaster W. ; to infect, of diseases, Jbyor-nad an infectious disease 6s. also mentally: *l<> or sem-lajar* it sticks fast, is remembered, borne in mind. 2. to be prepared, ready, at hand, ex- tant, s a ma byor-nas there being no meat prepared DzL; O prdl-du Jby'ir-ba ma yin tliat is not at once in readinessZte/. ; cijbyw- ba des mcod-pa byed-pa to offer sacrifice of such things as are at hand DzL; ci-ste O by6r-bar mi O yyur-na but if he has not such a thing at his disposal Sambh. 3. to agree, mi- byor-ba Kd-cig some disagree- ments, contradictions Tar. II. resp. to come, arrive, W., 6'.; *lfyn-kyi ku dnn-du J('ir-gyu yin* I shall appear before your Honour 6'.; *nyiir-du jar yon* 1 shall im- mediately attend C. Jfydl ~ l )a > P^ an( l 11:r >P' byol, fut (and [>res. in 6'.) dbyol to give or make way, to turn out of the way, to step aside, ycig-gis ycig-la Dzl. ; O by6l-te ^ro in walking I make way (to people) DzL; W. with accus. : *rul, las, dig-pa jol-ce* to step out of the way of, to sliun, a serpent, toil, sin. Sometimes jol-ba. " Jbrd-go n. of a medicine Med. tran v. bran II. braii-rgyds Mil. sacrifice, offer- ing of eatables. ^^ii-ba \. pf. Jbraiis, imp. Jbroii, to bear, bring forth, give birth; to litter, brdn-mo an animal going with young, bearing 6s. 2. also Jbreii-ba, pf. Jbraiis, imp. Jbreim Mil. (Jbron Sch ?) to follow, to walk at another's heels, with pyir, pyi-bzin {du)^ rjes-su, W. *tiii-la* with genit., to follow, pursue, hunt after, dbyiiy-pa* with a stick Pth. ; to pursue, in one's thoughts. * bl ' dd -P a . Add- pa, P f. brad, imp. brodio scratch, to scrape, with the nails, claws etc.; to lacerate by scratching, ydoh DzL; also to gnaw, nibble at. T O brdb-pa, pf. brab, imp. brob 1. to catch suddenly, to snap away, snatch away, a fly with one's hand, tho prey with a bound. - 2. to beat, to scourge, t*< / - Icdg-gis with thorns Thgy. 3. to throw out, to scatter, magical objects, such as g of barley etc. 400 brdl-ba Jbri-ba Jbrdl-ba, pf. bral, imp. brol, intrs. ofeprdl-ba, to be separated, parted from, deprived of, c. da/I, e.g. from one's retinue, of the light of doctrine Dzl. ; O brdl- bar mi pod bit-mo Kyod thou, my daughter, from whom I am not able to part Glr.' cun-nu-nas pa-md ynyis dan brdl-te from a child bereft of parents, an orphan from infancy l*th.', to lose, to be bereft, frq. used in reference to the death of near relations ; mdo-sdedan lag-pa mi brdl-zin as the sacred writings never came out of his hands; skom- pa dan brdl-bar yyur-to he got rid of his thirst; nad dan brdl-bar yyu-r-to he recover- ed from his illness, frq. (in such cases often confounded by the illiterate with ndd-las bsgral etc.) ; more particularly : srog dan etc. to die, perish, frq. ; jig-ciii Jbrdl-bar O gyur- ba to be dissolved, of the human body DzL; O du-ba yod-na Jbral-bar oil what was solid, is dissolved in dust Dzl. ; Jbral(-bar} med (-pd) inseparable, indissoluble, frq. cA' as > ^- a ^ so Jbrds-mo, resp. bsait- O brds (Pur. *bras*, Ld. *das*, Lh. *clai*, C. W) 1. rice; O bras-dkdr(-mo') white rice, O bras-dmdr red rice (the inferior and cheaper sort); of the former there seem to be distinguished: O bo-tsa-li (Hd. ^basmati*), rgyal-mo-ysdn, ham-dzem, O dzin~ dzin the second sort , ace. to Cs. ; Jbrds - kyi srus peeled rice Sch.; Jbras-sd-lu 'wild rice Sch. ; Jbras-so-ba Sch. ;md Schr., rice not husked O brds-mo spos-sel or dkar- Q dz6m Ts. mai/e. Comp. O bras-cdn rice-wine, rice-beer. Jbras-cdn boiled rice. sa- brds rice mixed with small pieces of meat. Jbras-fug rice- soup. Jbras-zin rice-field. O bras-zdn dish of rice. O bras-yds parched rice Med. Jbras-sil C. boiled rice, got up with butter, sugar, apricots etc., W. *pu-ld, po Id*, <^ *2. tumour, esp. larger swellings in the groin etc. obras-ljon (*</->*) n. p., Sikim. O b>'as - spit/is n. p., monastery near Lhasa. O brds-bu 1 . fruit, e.g. sin-gi Mil. ; Jbrds-bu ye-med-kyi sa a country producing no fruit Thgy.\ corn, grain, Jbrds- bu zor-bas brnd-ba Mil. ; Jbras-nan a failure of fruit. 2. testicle Wdti. cf. rlig-pa\ miy- O brds apple of the eye. 3. iig. effect, con- sequence, esp. as op|>. to ryyu, hence rgyu- Jbrds cause and effect, more esp. in moral philosophy = retribution, requital, recom- pense, reward, three grades being distin- guished : 1 . rndm-par smin-pai Jbrds-bu full recompense, in the worst case by the punish- ments of hell; 2. Tgyu bt'un-pai O brds-bu by adversity during life; 3. dbdn-gi Jbrds-bu by unpleasant local circumstances, so Thyy. ; ryyu- Jbrds and O brds-bu also directly denote the doctrine of final retribution, Jbrds- bu mi bden the doctrine of requital is not true Thgy. ; further : Jbrds-bu reward of as- cetic exercises, the various grades of per- fection, of which four are distinguished: a. ryyim-du-zuys-pa yfldlMfrT or as partic. ot^p 5 he who enters the stream (that takes from the external world to Nirwana); b. lan-yciy-pyir-^on-ba qia<^HITf^r*t.- ne who returns once more (for the period of a human birth); he who returns no more, being a candidate of Nirwana; d. dgra-bcom-pa ^^ff. the Arhat, the finished saint; v. Kdpp. I, 398. r cnc* bri ~ ^ n or ~y utl sect of >J Lamas and monastery in Tibet, Q bri-Teun-pa member of that sect. Qjn'K" O bn-ta a form of medicine, prob. a ^ ' kind of extract Med.; Jbri-ta-sa- dzin medicinal herb, an emetic, Med.\ in Lh. Cuscuta, which however does not agree with the descriptions. Qq-q- O bri-ba, I. pf. and imp. bri, intrs. of O pri-ba to lessen, decrease, diminish, of water, frq. in conjunction with A : a, at the surface, used with regard tosize,number and intensity (synon. O grib-pa~). II. pf. and imp. bris (Glr. also bri) 1. to draw, design, describe, dkyil-Jior zig to describe a circle or other figure; also to paint Glr. >. to write, yi-ge letters, a letter (epistle); yi-ger ''literis mandare\ to record, to write down, something from hearing DzL : Jbri- smyug writing-reed, pen, pencil etc. 401 * o b,-um-pa O bri-mo, -^ifO, tame female yak; rgod-Jbri Pth., or Jbron-Jbri 6's., wild female yak; Jbn-zal young female yak Ld.-Glr , e bri-o yak-milk; O bri-mar yak- butter; Jbri-mdzo (W. *brim-dzo*) bastard of bull and yak. O bri-mog medicinal herb Med. qn- Jbrin middle, midst, mean, middling, moderate, Jbrin zig something mode- rate, of middling quality, = fsdd-ma or fig- had W.\ brin-po the middle one, of three sons Dzl. and elsewh.; between stobs-ceand cun-nu Lt.\ bzan nan Jbrin ysum', rnal-Jbyor Jbrin-po one that is moderately advanced in contemplation Thgr. ; zld-ba Jbrin-po \. zla-ba; Jbrin-gis middling, moderately, adv. qq^-n- Jbrfn-ba, in zabs- Jbrin byed-pa for brdh-ba Mil. n qr 'r Jbrid-pa 1 . also O drid-pa, pf. brid, to deceive, cheat, impose upon, bio Jbrid-pa id. Glr.; Jbrid-de rnod-pa-las Tar., as she wanted to seduce him deceitfully; ka-mnar-brid deceitfully, insidiously sweet, being followed by a nauseous, acrid or burning taste Med. 2. 6s. = O pri-ba. qq^j-rj- Jbrim-pa, I. vb., pf. brim(s) 1. to distribute, deal out, hand round, sweet - meats, flowers, poems Dzl., Tar.; ... la, to ... 2. Ld. to throw away, what is worthless, = *pdn-ces*. II. sbst. dis- tributer, dispenser, waiter at table Dzl. ; Jbrim (-pa) -po, id. 6s. qrj- Jbru grain, corn, seed, frq.; grain of NO sand, bye-ma O bru rei sten-na on every grain of sand Glr.; Jbru O t'ag-pa to pound grains Lex. 2. a single grain, piece, letter, yi-ge Jbru ycig a single letter ; also without yi-ge: Jbru drug the six letters = yi-ge- dru(/-pa, v. drug. 3. collectively, grain, corn, in gen. O brui Hal a load of grain Dzl.\ Jbru - sna mi Jtruns no kind of grain is growing Glr.\ Jbru gdn-bu-can pulse, le- gume S.g. ; nor dan Jbru-rnams O pel money and corn multiply. Jbru-rdog grain of seed. Jbru-ma v. above. Jbru -ban granary. Jbru-Jbu corn-worm, weevil 6s. O bru-mdr oil extracted from seeds; lamp- oil Dzl. Jbru-fson-pa oil-merchant. Q^'SJC' obru-tdn, n. of a superior sort of N^ tea. * O bru-ba, bru-ba, pf. and imp brus, O dru-ba, drus 1. to dig, Kun-bu, dur, don (cf. rko-ba}. 2. to chisel, carve, cut. 3. Sch. to look through, yig a writing; to examine, Jbru grain; hence mfsan Jbru-ba to spy out, smell out, faults, stirring up brawls and quarrels by it, Stg. to irritate, vex, provoke, mfsan Jbru-bai hig provoking words Lex. ; snyad, snyon Jbru- ba to accuse W. Jbrii-ma tumour, swelling, weal Sch. O bru-fsa an angular kind of Tibetan current handwriting, v. CsomaGram. Q'+PT o^^-sd/, O bru-sd v. bru- -^ ' sd. qqcn* *rug (Sal. *blug*) 1 . thunder, O bnig- ^s skdd, Q brug-sgrd id.; skad-cen O brug loud thunder; Jbrug Jbod-pa 6s., grdg-pa Dzl., Idir-ba Lex. and elsewh., thundering. 2. dragon (to which thunder is ascribed Sch.}; yyu-Jbrug snon-po blue dragon Glr Qnqrq- O brug-pa I. sbst. 1. sect of Lamas, 3 ' clothed in red, Schl.13., established v in the province of Bhotan, ace. to Sch. = za-dmdr, = sd-skya. 2. Bhotan. II. vb. for Jbrub-pa Mil. frq. Jbrud-pa, = Jbru-ba, also Q drud-pa. O brub-pa 1. gen. with CM, to cause to overflow, to gush, to spout forth to flow over, Mil., Tar. and elsewh.; cu- Jbrub Lex., Jbrubs Sch. water that has flown over(?). Q brub-po fluid, liquid; fluidity, a fluid, 6's. (?). 2. 6s. to deal out. 3. Sch. to shut up, wrap up. O brum-pa 1. 6's. grain, minute par- tide, Jbrum-rdog^ O bru-rdog a single grain, = Jbru; fruit, rgun-Jbrum grape; se- Jbrum hip (fruit of wild brier) Sik. 2. pustule, pock, gen. O brum-bu; Jbrum-nad small - pox ; Jbrum - nag black or deadly small-pox; Jbrum - dkdr white small-pox; Jbmm-Krd coloured sinall-pox Med., Jbrum- 26 402 Jbrum-lha-mo ' O bron pa and Jbrum - pa nag - po as name of a disease of the groin, prob. bubo Med. Jbrum-rjes pock-mark. Jbriim-po a large grain Cs.; Jbrum-bu a small grain; pock, pustule, v. above. Jbrum-lha-mo Sch. a tutelar goddess of little children, wor- shipped by the Shamans. Jbre-ba, pf. and imp. bres to. draw over or before, to spread, to stretch, a net Glr., a curtain Glr., a canopy, awn- ing Lex.\ to wrap a thing up in a cloth, in order to carry it, as books, a corpse Thgy. Meg-pa, pf. breg(s\ imp. brog(s), also O dreg-pa to cut off, sih-ta-lai lo-ma bregs-pa a plantain branch cut off, as representing a being irremediably cut off from its former state of existence Mil.-, to mow Sch.; of parts of the body: ske to cut off a person's neck Thgr., p'o- mfsdn the membrum virile Schr., rtai sug- pa the foot of a horse, prob. only the ten- don of it, as much as to lame, to disable Glr.] also to sever with a saw; most frq. in reference to the hair, to cut off, to shave, with the scissors or a razor, skra dan fcd- spu frq.; Jbreg-mKan barber, hair-cutter Dzl. ; Q breg-spydd a sharp small knife Sch. Jbren-pa Cs., bren-ba strap, rope, ko-Jbreh leather strap; sa- bi'eti Mil.', Jbren-fag Cs. cane-ribbon, made of buck-leather; leading-rope, guide-line. Jbren-bu Cs. cobbler's strap. Q^*^* J>ren-ba frq. for O brdn-ba. o brel sbst. v. O brel-ba II. Jbrel-pa connection, conjunction, yet only in certain applications: 1. connection between cause and effect, used also at once for effect, consequence, efficacy, smon-lam-gyi Jbrel-pa the efficacy of prayer Mil. frq. ; ^jog-pa to apply, make use of it Mil. 2. the vascular and nervous system conjunctively, the two systems in their to- tality, ni f., Med. 3. genitive case, the sixth case of Tibetan Grammarians, O brel- pai sgra, the termination of it, kyi. 4. a small quantity, a little, a bit, zds-kyi Jbrel- pa zig dgos I ask for a little bit to eat Mil. frq.; cos(-kyt) Jbrel(j-pa) fob -pa to snatch up a little bit of religion Mil. Jbrel-ba I. vb., intrs. of sbrel-ba, 1. to hang together, to cohere, to be connected, rtsa dan rus-pa tsam Jbrel-ba connected only by veins and bones, nothing but skin and bone Dzl.; ^od-zer-gyi drd- bas Jbrel-te covered with a continuous net of rays Glr. ; gen. with dan, bod dan t'gyai Jbrel-fsul the connection with, or the inter- course between Tibet and China Glr.; de dan Jbrel-bai las the functions connected with, and peculiar to (a certain organ) Lt.; Jwel-mfsams 1. joint, or rivet of pincers etc. S.g. 2. boundary, W. 2. to come together, to meet, to join, O brel-ytam gossipings in meeting on the road Mil. 3. to meet sexually, to cohabit, de dan lus O brel-ba to cohabit with (him or her) Glr.; (Ihdn-du) Jbrel-ba-la(s)bu skyes they having cohabited, a child was born Glr. II. sbst. Jbrel-ba or Jbrel union, communication, connection, bod dan Jbrel byun the union with Tibet took place Glr.; rgya bod ynyis Jbrel cdd the union ceases Glr.; *nor-del co-ce, nor- del-la cd-ce* W., to form a mercantile con- nection, to enter into commercial intercourse. las- Jbrel = las- Q pro q.v. ynyis- Jbrel, ysum-Jbi'el a double, triple consonant, e.g. sk, skr. O t> r og solitude, wilderness, uncultivat- ed land, esp. summer-pasture for cattle in the mountains; thus Jbrog-skyoh-ba Ld.- Glr., Schl. 15, 6 might imply: to attend to a mountain dairy ; gdm-Jbrog a near, rgydn- Jbrog a remote summer-pasture; Jbrog-Kyi Cs. a large shaggy shepherd's dog; O br6g- dgon, Jbrog-ston, Jbrog-sa Jbrog. Jbrog- ynas i. pasture-land 2. people occupying it. Jbrog-pa, O b>'6g-mii<\.; more particularly, inhabitants of the steppe, nomadic Tibetans Sch., Jbrog - mo wife, Jbrog -prug child of such a nomad. Jbrog - zdd Sch. rude, rough, boorish, Jbrog - zad ston - pa to be rude etc. q2St bro " L C^"T) ^ ryay-rgod, wild yak Glr.; bydn-Kai Jbron, the yak of 403 brom Jang-thang ; Jbron-Jbri cow, O toon-prug calf, O broh-ko skin, leather, Jbron-sa flesh, Jbrou- ru or -ra Glr. horns of the wild yak. - 2. v. Jbrdn-ba. Jbroni noun personal; Jbrom-ston a celebrated Lama and scholar in the 1 1 th. century. obros-pa, pf. and imp. bros, to flee, to run away ( W. *sor-ce*), O bros- sin gab-pa to flee and hide ones self Dzl. ; pyir Jbros-so (the army) took to flight Glr. ; O bros-pai ynas Dzl., Jbros-sa Glr. place of refuge; fig. mig Kun-du bros his eyes are sunk, hollow S.g. O bros-sa a large dorsal muscle Med. ynyid-Jbros-pa yni/id- log-pa (?) Dzl WL, 9. j" rba v. dba. xr- rbad, 1. Sch. a large species of eagles. - 2. W. crutch, = pan - ka. 3. = rbab. 4. great (?) v. ka-rbad; rbad-sgra a strong voice Sch.; cf. rbod-rbod. 5. quite, wholly, entirely (?) rbdd-y cod-pa, rbad- tser f cod-pa Mil. to cut off entirely, to ex- tirpate; *fag-c<! be'-ctf* resolute C. rbad-sikydgs Sch. residue, residu- um, dregs, husks etc. AZ-H' rbdd-pa 1. vb., imp. rbod, to set On, incite, Tar., C., e.g. Kyi; to excite, instigate, animate, 6s. ; rbad-Ka S.g. an in- citing talk (?). 2. adj. undulating, undu- latory Sch. rbad-rbod, thick, dense, close, strong, great Cs., skra rbad-rbod Lex. iq> rbab, 1. Med., Sch.: a kind of dropsy, skya-rbdb Sch., also sa-rbab Lt. id.(?) - 2. the rolling down, also rbad, e.g. rdo- rbdb loose stones rolling down, a frequent annoyance in high mountains Pth., rbab zi- bas after the rolling of detritus had ceased Mil. ; *bad poy son* a piece of rock rolling down hit him W.; rbab sgril-ba Lex. to roll down, trs.; rbdb-pa id. intrs.; mar-la rbdb- tu sor it rolled down and away Mil. ^* rbe Sch. 'the fur of the stone-fox'. 2f rbo Sch. milt of fish. sbdr-mo * rbod \. rbdd-pa. lbd-ba 1. wen, goitre. 2. knots, ex- crescenses on trees, on account of their speckled appearance often worked into drink- ing-bowls; Ibd-fsa Med., prob. a kind of salt, used as a curative of goitre. CLpr Ibag bubbles (?), *cu bag gydb-ce* to ^ strike the water, so as to make it splash and foam W. ttu-ba, dbu-ba bubble, foam, froth, slaver; cu-lbu Lex.; Ibu- bcas nyun producing little froth Lt.; Ibu- ba bsdl-ba to scum or skim oft Cs. ; grogs cu-yi Ibu-ba dan O dra a friend is like water- bubbles. ^T sba v. spa. sba-ndg Sch. a mean house, hovel, hut sbd-ba 1. vb. fut. of sbed-pa q.v. 2. sbst. privy parts, pudenda Stg. s bdg-pa, pf- sbags, imp. sbogs (cf. O bdg-pa), to soil, stain, defile, pollute, dri-mas Lex. 2. to mingle, intermix, Lex. sbdn-ba v. sbdn-ba. sbdn-nia malt from which beer has been brewed, v. can ; sban-skom id. dried, sban-pye id. reduced to flour (of an inferior quality) Cs. ; glum-sbdn Ts. = sbdn- ma\ sban-cu barm prepared from it W. sbans dung of larger animals, rtai sbans Glr. (*stal-bdn(s)* Ld.\ bon- sbaris, glait-po-cei sbans Cs.; sbans-lud id., used for manure; sbans-skdm id. dried for fuel. * sbdb-ca C., *sbdb-)a* W. a certain number or quantity of trading-ar- ticles, e.g. of paper, a quire of 10 lOOsheets, a bundle of matches etc. -..... sbdm-pa, pf. sbams, imp. sboms, to put or place together, to collect, to gather, pyogs ycig-tu Lex. ; smyug-ma sbdms- pa O dra like reeds laid together Wdn. sbdr-ba, v. sbor-ba. sbdr-mo v. spdr-mo. 404 sbal sbal (perh. the same as the following sbal-pa), Idg-pai the soft muscles of the inner hand, cf. also pyag-sbdl; the soft part of the paw of animals. an( j sbdl-pa and -ba frog (rather scarce in Tibet), one Lex. r, crab, crawfish (?) ; sbdl-pa dkdr-po Stg. stated to be a large species of frog; ndgs- sbal Lt. prob. tree-frog; rus-sbal tortoise; sbal-cun or -Icon Pth. 1. a young frog, tad- pole 6s. 2. vulg. (from ignorance) lizard ; sbal-rgydb S.g. tortoise-shell. sbal-mig bud, eye, gem, sprout, shoot, O fon comes forth, Jbye opens ^j_.j. sbid-pa Ts. for sbud-pa bellows, in- strument for blowing, st-jn- sbu-gu hollow, cavity, in the stem of - a plant or a grass-blade Mil. sbu-ba v. _~Q..-q. sbu-la-Ka Ts. = bka-blon-sram sable, xs ' mustela zibellina. sbu-lhdn Ts. (*bu-hk ; ri : ^ plane, tool used in joinery. r spar, fgMJjg"*: G//-.; *sbug-zdl, sbum-zol* W. large brass cymbal; *dun-ce, pdb-ce* W. to play the cymbals. s ^fy~P a = O bfy s -P a ) *o perforate, to pierce. bu - Cs - ho|| w - sbugs-hdg ^bu-hdg*} 1. the panting of a dog Sik. 2. bassoon with a large and nearly globular bell-mouth W. - sbud-pa 1. vb. to light, kindle, set on fire, seldom, Lex.: me- cos sbud-pa q.v. sbst. bellows, usually consisting of two skin-bags, the orifices of which are open- ed and shut by the hands, and which are then squeezed together, so that the compressed air passing through a tube is driven into the fire; sbud-pa Jbud-pa Cs. or rgyah-ba Sch. to blow or work the bellows; sbud- rgydl = sbud-pa. 5J<3^T sbun-pa v. spun-pa. SMTZTTK' sbun-yte'r Pth. a small building >3 ' in the style of a monument, in which sacred writings are deposited. ^r^ sbur ant 6s., prob. identical \vith the >3 following (cf. grog-sbur}. 5ps'T sbur-pa beetle, cu-sburS.g.;sbur-cen y ^ -CMW, -dmar, -mgyogs 6s., denoting various kinds of beetles. s ^ ir ~ ma i = sbun-pa, chaff, husks etc. ; rlun-gis sbur -ma bus-pa Itar Dzl., sog - sbur cm yyen-ba Itar Pth. like chaff scattered by the wind, carried along by the water; sbu-lm or -Ion amber Wts. sbe-ga Lex. w. e. splf^n suu y\. s )-> more fr<l- sbubs, hollow, cavity, excavation, interior space, fcun-bui Lex. tubular cavity, in bones etc. S.g.; subterraneous passage, conduit, sewer C.; sbubs-su Jjug-pa, sbubs-nas O f6n-pa to put into an underground hole or recess, to come forth from it Glr., Mil.', sbiig- tu noi" sbd - ba to hide money in such a place Lex.; hiding-place, hidden recess, =san- set'i', hole for inserting the handle of some instrument Sch.; sdns kyi sbubs ynyis hollow, expanded nostrils 6s.; sbubs - Jbydr Med. disease of the penis, prob. stoppage of its orifice by gonorrhoea, cf. mje. |py sbe-ba Sch. to scuffle, wrestle. ' sbeg-pa lean, lank, thin S.g. sbed-pa, pf. sbas, fut. and common secondary form sba, imp. sbos, W. *sbd-ce*, pf. s&os, to hide, conceal, fter a treasure, mdzod-du in a store-house; ma- mo sbed-pai pug cavern in which a Mamo is concealed Mil. ; dpun-gi fsogs fsdl-du to conceal troops in a wood Dzl. ; yter-du to deposit as a treasure Glr.; sai ^og-tu in the ground Dzl. ; also as much as to inter, to bury Dzl.; *sbds-te or b<j-te bor-ce* W. = sbed-pa; *sbds-te* secretly, clandestinely, by stealth W.; mi sdig-can-la lu-s sba pyir in order to hide our form before sinful men, in order not to be recognized by them Mil. : 405 $s^*5|* sbed-ma to hide from, to guard, secure, protect from, sruh-zin sbd-ba id.; to keep, preserve, sba- sri - med -par (to bestow) freely , amply, without restriction. sjr-jr sbed-ma a veiled woman; name of a wife of Buddha 6s. |f sbo Sch. the upper part of the belly; sbo- ^ fsil bacon C.; sbo-rkun-pa pickpocket C. $. sbo-ba pf. sbos O bo-ba 2, to SWell(up), ^ to distend, lto-ba sbos Lt. the belly is swollen, turgid; sb6- Krog-pa Sch. 'to wheeze from inflation' (?). ' sbog(s)-pa v. sbdg-pa; rdii-gi bu-fsai fsig-sbog Mil., seems to imply a man that is receiving abusive lan- guage from his own sons(?). xjr'n* sbon-ba, pf. sbans, fut. sban to steep in water, to soak, to drench; ^an- te bor* W. soak it in water! fj^q* sbdd-pa tassel, tuft. sbom-pa, more frq. sbom-po thick, pra-ba-las zLog sbom-po Zam. the contrary to prd-ba is sbom-po; sbom-prd dan rin-fun mnyam of equal length and thick- ness Dzl. ; stout; coarse, clumsy, heavy, also applied to sins; sbom-ma a stout woman 6s.; sbst. thickness, stoutness, heaviness. sbdr-ba, pf., fut. and secondary form sbar, trs. of Jbdr-ba, to light, kindle, inflame. 51^'ftr sbor-lo Anemone polyantha Lh. abyon-ba sbydn-ba v. sbyon-ba. sbydr-ba v. sbyor-ba. Wdn., n. of a tree, prob. Lex. w.e. dbydr-pa. ' sbyig-pa, sbytn-pa, I. vb., pf. and imp. byin, 1. to give, to bestow (in B. a common word, in W. almost unknown; yet v. smin- pa II.), without any ceremonial difference between high and low; to hand, deliver; to give up, deliver over; to give back, give for a present; to offer, proffer, hold out, rin-la byin-no he offered as an equivalent Pth.; ma byin-par mi len-pa v. dge-ba. 2. to add, to sum up Wdk. II. sbst. gift, present, alms; the expression sbyin-pa ysum comprises: zan-zin-gi the bestowing of goods, mi- jigs-pai the afford- ing of protection, and c6s-kyi sbyin-pa, the giving of moral instruction 6s., sbyin-yton distribution of gifts, sbyin-yton cen-po byed- pa Dzl. sbyin-bdag dispenser of gifts, more especially in the first beginnings of Buddhism a layman manifesting his piety by making presents to the priesthood, v. Kopp. 1,487, and in almost all legends; also the reverse, len-pa the receiver of gifts, Dulva v. Feer Introd. p. 71. sbyin-sreg, ft*T, burnt -offering, v. Was. (194), SchL 251 sqq. ^T sbyu, sometimes for sgyu Sch. sbyon-ba, pf. sbyans, fut. sbyan Tq\j 1. to clean, remove by cleaning, clear away, as O ddy-pa, esp. sdig-pa Tar., sgrib(-pa^) Thyy.; less frq. in a physical sense, e.g. removing phlegm by vomiting Med., Jci^u-sbijdns diarrhoea Lex.; to cleanse, sbyon-byed 1 . cleansing, purifying, ran sbyon- byed-kyi ses-rab Mil. the knowledge how a man may be purified by his own doings. 2. Med.: purging medicine. 2. to remove, take away, in a general sense 6s.; to sub- tract, de-rnams fig-mfsams sbyan-ste Wdk., 60 being subtracted, cf. pr/'-ba; to cease, of diseases Med. 3. to exercise, to train, bio one's mind 6s., Tea one's mouth, hence Ka-sbydn eloquence Mil. (having reference also to Ica-ycdn q.v.); snon yon-tan sbydns- pa son-bai mfus by dint of formerly culti- vated abilities Gb\ ; fugs yons-su sbi/dns-pai skyes-bu Mil. a saint of a thoroughly culti- vated (or purified) mind; to exercise, to practise, da -run sbyan dyos that must be practised still better; to study, sde-snod-la the holy scriptures Mil. , and with accus. fzun-lugs Tar. 14,9 (where byan stands); rtsis-la sbydn-ba to learn mathematics Pth. ; to practise, to perform; to recite, to repeat, formulas, bsar-sbydii bycd-pa Mil., *kor)aii co-i-e* W. ; to accustom, familiarize, *mi dan 406 sbyor-ba sbra jan- Jean* accustomed to man, tame, also without *mi dan* W.; *jan-Kydd* custom, use, habit W. 4. to accumulate (?) Cs. 5. to conjure to the spot, to call by magic (?) Tar. 16,15 Schf. f-.. sbyor-ba I. vb , pf. and fut. sbyar, W. *zdr-ce*, trs. of Q byor-ba, I. to affix, attach, fasten, stick, a writing, a plaster W.: *zar gyab-ce*; to apply Ice-rtse dkdn- laGram.; fig. blo-la, sems-la to impress; *kdr-ya dan* to solder W.; ' :: 'zer gydb-la zor* nail it fast! W.; *me-skdm zar fsar* the trigger is drawn W.] to put On, a plaster, v. above, an arrow on the bow-string; to subjoin, take up, resume, a subject in a treatise Thgy., Tar. 127,14; to put together, to join, unite, rus-pa cdg-pa Med., dbdn-po ynyis \. sub II.; to compile, compose, a book; Ka 1. to close, shut, one's mouth, = O fdms-pa Pth. 2. to kiss C'.; to insert, to dispose in proper classes or divisions Gram., byd-bai sara ma sbyar yan also without the word by a being added; bde-ba-la, byafi-ciib-la M7.,like O god-pa 3; to join, connect, combine, words, letters; fsiy de don dan sbydr-tsa- na if these sentences are joined with their significations, i.e. if their explanation is given Mil.-, rtsis-su to count together, to sum up Dzl.; sbyor-la, gen. written zor-la, joined, connected, combined, *fsig nyi sum zor -la yon* two or three words are found joined to one another; this word is frq. used to express simultaneousness of action, where in English expressions as 'along with', 'to- gether with', 'at the same time' etc. are used: zor-la O gro-ba to go along with (another person) Mil. ; zor-la Kur-Kyer take this also along with it! *Ko cd-te zor dan kal son* W. as he was going, we sent it along with him; zor-la gyel son it fell at the same time (by coming in contact with some other falling body); *zor-la Jcyer-ica* to take hold of and take away at the same time; fco-la zor pog-pa he was also (simul- taneously) affected by (the loss); *zor-la zer-Kan zig* or even *fsig-gi zor* a mere expletive, without any appreciable meaning C.; bdag sdig-sgrib ces-pai zor-la (the ca- lamity has befallen the others too), owing to their connection with such a great sinner as I am Mil. nt. 2. to prepare, procure, to get ready, ijo-bydd the appurtenances Dzl., O fso-ba victuals Dzl.\ rta dan sbydr- bai sin -rta a carriage ready to start Stg. (or ace. to no. 1 , a carriage attached to the horses); to mix, cu dan with water Dzl. and elsewh.; yzdn-du to prepare, to turn one thing into another, to change, transform Thgy.\ frq. to prepare one's own mind, to compose one's self, ddd-pa-la sbyor-bar gyis make up your mind to believe Mil. to join, fit together, adjust, make agree, esp. one's course of action; to conform one's self to, with dan, h'6-moi yid dan sbyor cig accom- modate yourself to my wishes Dzl.; /,'rims dan sbydr-ro Dzl. then we must conform to the law; most frq.: . . . daii sbydr-nas or -te corresponding, agreeable to, according to, Krims according to the law, to usage etc. Dzl.; bu-moi yid according to the wish of the daughter Dzl. ; also to compare Tar. 89, 16, Thgy.; yzan-rgyud-la sbyur-ba seems to imply: to gain knowledge by observing others, opp. to ran-rgyud-la brtdg-pa, to as- certain by one's own immediate judgment. 4. to compose poetry, . . . kyis sbydr-bao = sdeb-pa 5 II. sbst. 1. adjunction, con- junction, union, dbdn-po j-nyis-kyi sbyor-ba byed-pa, 'membrorum amborum conjunc- tionem ejficere' Wdn.; hence coition, coha- bitation, bud-med-lasbyor-babyed-pato effec- tuate it with a woman Pth. ; sgra-sbyor-ba a joining or combination of sounds (letters), orthography (?) Zam. 2. a mingling, a mix- ture, e.g.'of medicines, also sbyar-fdbs Med.; sbyor-sde-bzi the four departments of phar- macy Glr. (apparently the title of a book); preparation =sn6n- groSchl. 240, also mental preparation, esp. the preparation of the mind for prayer, and the arrangement of it, me- ditation preparatory to it (nif.) cf. mfsams sbydr-ba. 3. syllogism Was. (278). 4. comparison, agreement, harmony, ytdm-gyi the harmony of history Schf. ,. sbra 1. W. *(s)h-a*, C. *da* felt-tent, 5! sbra-gur id.; sbra-fdg ropes, sbra -sin sbrdg-pa frame-work, sbrd-pa inmate, of such a tent. 2. v. sub ytsan. smra* sbrdg-pa, pf. sbrags, C. * dag -pa*, W. *rdg-ce* to lay, to put, a thing over or by the side of an other, pyogs-ycig- tu Lex.-, gen. used only in the gerund: *fsa dor rdg-ne* together with salt and spices W. ; *nd-za dan rdg-te mi dug* he does not belong to us W., or in compounds : nyi- rdg double-barreled gun (one barrel beside the other), W*ran-bdr dug-rag* six-barreled pistol, revolver W., bse-sgo bdun-sbrag Pth., sevenfold skin-door, used as a target for shooting at. sbrdg-ma hay-fork, Cs. &tf^ S^'^I" sbr6n-pa P * 407 C. *ddn-bu*, W. *rdn-nu, ra-un* fly, and similar insects without a sting; sbrdn-ma 1. id. 2. C. bee, sbrdn- mai fsogs swarm of bees. sbrdn-rtsi W. *rdn-si' f honey; *rdn-si rdn-nu* W. bee. sbrdn-can mead or something similar. sbran - fsd/t and sbran - don Cs. cells in a honey -comb, the honey --comb itself. sbran-bug bee-hive Sch. sbrah-byi marten Sch. sbran-ydb flap, fly-brush Cs. $F*^r sbrdd-pa Jbrdd-pa to scratch Sch. $J<^'^r sbrdn-pa = sbron-pa. fp{"3' sbrdm-bu unwrought gold Cs. sjc-q' sbiid-pa 1. to sneeze Med.- sbnd-pa Jbyun I am seized with a sneezing Med. 2. to become numb, torpid, *kdn- pe. nya did son* my foot is asleep W. '6. Dzl. %&?, 5 Sch. to flutter before one's eyes ('?). fr-r sbrud-pa, pf. and imp. sbrus, fut. and sec. form sbru, W. *ru-ce* to stir with one's hand, zan Lex. ; to knead (Cs.) is rdzi- ba which is not identical with sbrud-pa, at least not in W. 535T5J" s ^ r ^ m ~P a pregnant, big with young; mi dan srog-cags sbrum-ma-rnams Dzl. women with child and beasts with young; sbrum-par O gyur-ba to conceive, to become pregnant, frq.; sbrum-par fsor-nas feeling pregnant Pth.: pn'i-gu sbrum byun- bos having conceived, being with child Pth. pj. sbrul, Pur. sbrul, Lh. *rul*, C. *dul* 1. serpent, Snake; sbrul and sbrul-mo also mythical demoniac beings ; sbrul } 'dug- pa or dug-sbi*ul venomous serpent; sbrul Kas sdigs-po Sch. serpent-tamer; sbrul-gyi snyiii-po v. fsdn-dan. sbrul -mgo 1. a serpent's head. 2. v. ^an-ke. sbrul-sgon a serpent's egg. - - *dul-nyd* eel or some other esculent snake-like fish C. sbrul- dug venom of serpents. sbrul-mig 1. a snake's eye. 2. n. of a certain vein Med. sbrul- fsil snake's grease Med. sbnil-zdgs v. zags. sbrul-16 serpent-year, sbrul-lo-pa one born in such a year v. lo. sbrul- sun slough, skin of a snake. 2. symb. num. : 8, = klu. t/ry sbre(d) Lex. n. of an animal; Sch. : ^ stone-fox. rx 1 ^ X'fl' sbre-bo, re-bo, re-ba a coarse material manu- factured of yak's hair for tent-coverings. r v ._. sbren-ba, pf. sbre/is, Cs. : to play an instrument; ace. to Dzl. xSY^, 16, to jerk, a chord, a bow-string. sbrebs-pa Cs.: resp. for Itogs-pa hungry. sbrel-ba, W. *rel-ce(s)* to stitch to- gether, paper; to stitch to, to sew on; to fasten on, a package on a horse; Icags- sgroy lag-pa sbrel-nas having one's hands shackled together; bar zdm-gyis sbrel the chasm is overarched by abridge Glr.; (iron chains) seii-ge dan fastened to (stone) lions; in a gen. sense: to connect, to join, ynyis- sbrel, ysum- sbrel two or three consonants joined together, cf. min-yzi. I" sbres-pa Cs. frozen, stiff, hard. sbt'6n-pa,ipf. and fat. sbran l.tocaJlto the spot, rd-mda, grogs for assistance Lea-.; to send for, the minister Glr. 2. to call to Thgy.; to give information, notice, intelligence, rgydl-po-la rmi-lam-du to wain the king by a dream Dzl.; mi zig sbrdn- du btdn-nas Dzl. to dispatch a man in order to convey intelligence. 3. to sprinkle, to stain, to pollute, fuj-Us Sch. 408 ma-kdr XT ma 1. the letter m. 2. numerical fi- gure: 16. XT* ma I. sbst. 1. mother, col. cr-ma, resp. yum; mai rum womb, matrix; rdn-gi ma ycig-pai srin-mo full sister by the same mother, whilst mas dben-pai srin-mo denotes half-sister, step-sister, by another mother. - 2. frq. used metonymically, e.g. capital, v. below; *ma tsam yod* W., what is the amount of the sum advanced? original text, copy to write after, pattern v. below ; a letter written above another. Comp.: ma- Ml amount in bushels of grain lent out. ma- fcu mother and uncle, v. Kd-bo. ma-rgyud Sch. 1. original, primary cause. 2. line of descent by the mother's side, when how- ever it should be spelt brgyud. md-cu the first infusion of malt or stronger beer, v. can. ma-cun Cs.: 'a mother's younger sister', perh. more correctly: a father's se- cond wife, as to rank; ma-cen 1. Cs.: 'a. mother's elder sister', or a father's prin- cipal wife. 2. v. the respective article. ma-pdr capital and interest W. ma-bu mother and son; capital and interest; ori- ginal and copy; ma-bu mfun-pa Jbri-ba to copy accurately Sch r.; a letter written above and below another letter; principal and cross beam etc. ma-mo v. that article. ma- fsdb foster-mother Sch. ma-yzi v. sub II. - ma-yydr step-mother Cs. ma-ro a mother's corpse Pth. II. a root signifying below, opp. to ya: md-gi the lower one, e.g. cu-bo Mil. ; ma- gi-na below, at the bottom, md-gi-nas from below, out of the valley, in Sik.: from, out of, the Indian plain (v. mfa); md-mcu lower lip. md-fem sill, threshold. md-fog v. fog I, 2. md-rdo = rmdn-rdo. ma- rdbs mean descent, people of low extraction Dzl. ma-ri Sch. down ward (?) ma- re = ma-fem, v. re. III. negative adv. not, however only in some cases: a. in the simplest form of pro- hibition, where in the Tibetan language inst.of the imperative the root of the present with ma is used : ma O gro do not go, ma byed do not do (it). With the form of the future mi is placed: rjod-par mi byao it shall not, should not be pronounced Dom.\ mi de dgrar mi bslan they should not make the man their enemy S.g. b. with the preterite : ma son he did not go, ma byas he did not do (it). c. with the present tense also in conjunction with the words yin, lags, mcis, red. d. without any evident reason, and perh. not always correctly, with many substantives and adjectives that are formed of infinitives or participles, and are conveying a negative sense: ma-rig-pa a not knowing, ignorance; ma-run-ba v. run- ba (v. mi). IV. In the col. language of Lh. ma is used as an interrogative, when a question is returned by a question : *Kyod-di mih ci zer* what is your name? *min mai* my name? V. Affix, so-called article, frq. denoting the fern, of the masc. in pa, if mo is not used inst. of it; gen. put to the names of inanimate things, utensils etc., as also to compound adjectives: zans ru-bzi-ma a four-handled kettle (cf. bu lo-ynyis-pa a boy two years old, sub pa). VI. mai nyin two days before yesterday 6'., snon-ma zag W. XT- ma W. always with a marked accent and r^ long vowel, prob. abbrev. of mans very, before adjectives and adverbs, *md mdn- po* very much, *ma gydl-la* very good. 5|'T!^' ma-kdr (Hind, i^ impostor) W. deceit, imposition, intrigue, *ma-kdr co-te zer* he speaks hypocritically, with some secret design; ma-kar-can, hypocritical, fawning. ma-ka-ra 409 md-lag 's ma-ka-ra Ssk. sea-monster. ma-Kd 1. Lt. = mfsan-dbye. 2. Mecca ma-Kdl v. ma I. ma-mKdn v. ma-rgdn. ma-gdl Wdn., W. poplar-tree. md-gi v. ma II. ma-rgdd, *mar-gdd* Glr.,irom fl Defter. i emerald. ma-rgdn W. *mar-gdn* 1. matron, grandam. 2. 6'. also *ma-Ken* cook; quarter-master. ma-cen 1. v. wet I. 2. head-cook. is said to be a form of prayer of the Bonpos, as the Ommanipad- inelium is of the Buddhists; Desg. p. 242 has: ma tchri mou me sa le gou. XTJ-P-- (?) ma-dd/'t Ld. a place on the roof of a house cleared for spreading grain there. ma-yddn, W. *mag-ddn*, C. *ma- d<_ : n* ground, basis, foundation; also for ma-yddn-gyi ri-mo ground-plan. j... .-.(?) ma-rdu, *ma-du W. thorn, ^' NS prickle, md-rdu-can thorny, prickly. 5j-y md-rdoj *mar-do* W. prob. a careless ' pronunciation of rmdfi-rdo. ^r- ma-nin 1. without sexual distinction Med. and Gram. 2. impotent, un- able to beget S.g. 3. barren, childless Wdn. (explained by bu-fsa-med-pa). 4. Cs.: also hermaphrodite, Wdn. however denotes this explicitly by mfsan-ynyt's-pa. ma-nu Med.? Cs : = ^, TT^, y^\ as symb. num.: 14. ma-nu-pa-tra a medicine Wdn.', in Lh. Bryonia dioeca. * md-ni (Ssk. precious stone) 1 . abbrev. of Ommanipadinehum; *md-ni tdn-i'c* W. i. to mutter prayers. 2. to purr like a cat. Hence 2. praying-cylinder, prop. ma-ni-Zos- Jcor Schl. 230. 3. consecrated stone-heaps or stone-walls (Mongol Obo)Schl. 196; ma- ni bka-Jmm title of a book'; as to its con- tents v. Schl. 84. 3T5IC* ma ~P ai1 Mil., ma-pdm Cs. = ma- md-ma children's nurse Dzl, Glr., Cs. : nu-ma sniin-pai wet-nurse, dri-ma O pyi-bai nurse for cleaning, paii-du Jcur- bai for carrying, rtsed-grogs-kyi for playing. ma-mun Ld. col. for na-bitn, fog. md-mo 1. Sch. grandmother. 2. Sch. ewe, sheep that has lambed. 3. Mil. and elsewh. frq., a kind of wicked demons. J*(^' ma-zi Lt. medicinal plant (?). 5T(3' md-zu v. zu-ba. NS g^-cn* md-yyij W. *mdb-zi* 1. ground-work, ^ basis, elementary principle, component part; prime colour; principal thing, main point. - 2. Sch. originally (?). 3TUJ* m '' l -y a Ssk- Tib. sgyu- prul-ma r\ Q, 'delusion', n. of the mother of Buddha Sakyamuni. ma -yyy = ^-/W kitchen-boy, scullion W. j ^1*^" ma-ri, ma-'re v. wza II. |"^" md-ru n. of a castle, perh. = 'T*xr' ma-ru-r(se 1. n. of a medicine J/k?. 2. n. of a country Pfh. wa-Za /Sc/*. excellent! capital! In Feer Introd. p. 69 it was explained by our Lama as = '<?'-?wa ah, well! Also Feer has: Eh bien! md-la-tian Ld. snake-charmer, conjurer. ^id-la-ya the western Ghauts famous for sandal-wood; the tracts along their foot, Malayalim. Malabar. ma-la-la- tse Ld, small lizard. md-lag Ld. somerset; *md-lag log- ce* to pei-form a somerset, to play the tricks of a mountebank; to roll on the ground with legs turned up, of horses etc. 410 md-lam md-lam high-road, broad passage W. mu-sa 1. osA. ffm. pea, radiatus, = mon-srdn or greu Wdn. - 2. W. the contrary of ya-sa, contempt, scorn, disregard. 3. W. trigger of a musket. _.. n'Tl" m a-sa-ka Ssk. jfiqcfi, 6s. : a small ' gold weight and coin in ancient India. ma-si-ka name formed from the Hebrew rrtrto, for Christ, the Greek word not being adapted to the Tib. language Chr. Prot. 5j.- ma-hd Ssk. great, used in names and r^ titles: ma-hd-ka-la and de-ba Siva Glr.; ma-ha-tsl-na, ma-hd-tsin the modern name of China, formerly rgya-ndg; ma-hd- tsi-nai skad the Chinese language Wdk.; ma-ha-rd-dza the great king, title of some princes, particularly that of Kashmere. jrS' ma-he, Ssk. jjf^q, buffalo Glr., ma- ' he-mo female of it. Tcn-rr mag-pa 1 . son-in-law DzL, mag-skud son-in-law and father-in-law Dom. 2. bridegroom col. SJZTTSfftr mag-mal, Ar. J^<?, velvet W. rjr- man 1. C. col. for mi on, mi O dug (?); so also in some passages of the Ma. 2. v. mdn-po. man-ga-lam Ssk. = bkra-sis. mdn-po 1. much, many, mi man-po (rnams) many people, also (like 01 i. most people, the gross or bulk of the people, for which W. *mdn-ce*, e.g *mdn-ce zer dug* most people say, or, mostly it is said etc.; Jcor mdn-po(mams^) the numerous retinue DzL; mdn-por adverb mostly (not frq.) Zam.; cu man-nyuh Itos look after the height of the water, whether there is much or little of it; ycig bsgyur- ba-la man-nyuh med if you multiply by 1, you will get neither more nor less Wdk. 2. very, very much, with verbs, chiefly col., man-po ojigs I am very much afraid. Com p. and deriv. man-bkur = mdn-pos bkw-ba v. bkur-ba I. and II. mah-ge- mo long ago, long since (?) Cs. *waw- na* W. col. for mdn-por, mdn-ba(r); *zag dan zag mdn-na mdn-na tdn-ce* to give a little more every day. mdh-ce v. above. mdn-ja a liberal distribution of tea Ld.- Glr. Schl. fol. 27, a, and p. 72. mdn-du is not only the termiu. case, but also a com- pound of man and the synon. du, being used exactly like mdn-po, both in the nomin. and accus case, yda/ms-ndg mdn-du bsfdn-pas Jbras-bu bzi fob-pa mdn-du byut'i as he gave manifold instructions, many became ob- tainers of the four fruits Tar. 14, 3. mdn-ba 1. vb. pf. mans, to be much, O di mdn-nam de man is this much or that? i.e. which is more, this or that? DzL ; dgra mdns-pas as the enemies had become very numerous DzL; sman-dpydd mdns-pas pdn-rgyu med by making much of medical treatment he will not grow well Mil ; ma man ciy be it not much, let it not grow too much Mil. and elsewh.; mdns- kyis dogs -pa fearing lest it should grow too much Wdn. II. adj. 1. mdn-po. 2. having much, bu mail-bar ^gyur-ba to get many children, bu-mdns rich in children Pth. mdns-fsig a sign of the plural num- ber, e.g. day Gram. HI. also sbst. plenty. mdn-yul, a province of Tibet bor- dering on Nepal, in which skyid- yroit is situated, v. skyid. man-dzi-ra S.g. a mineral medi- cine; perh. man-dza-ri Ssk. pearl. zjTnr manclal Ssk, prop. Tib. dkyil-Jtor p jewels, viands etc. presented as offer- ings, and arranged in a cirle Git: and else- where, cf. fsogs. rjf' mad 1 . = nad (?) lus mad - med - cm ' Sambh. 2. sometimes for smad. mad-pa true, kyed mad ysim-zi?i as you speak what is true Mil.; ma nyes-pai bden-fsig mdd-po smras kyan al- though he solemnly declared not to have committed it Pth. -.-. man I. sbst., also mdn-na, md-naHind. ' a 'man' or Indian hundredweight, equal to about 80 pounds, anglicized maund. II W. for ma yin {B. min) 1. it is not; man-nag 411 -ka-la-ga *'i man* this it is not; *mdn-na* is it not so? isn't it? is it? In conjunction with a negative it is col. almost the only word for only, but etc.: ~ :: ~de mdn-na mi yon, de man- na med* only this one is to be met with, besides this there are none; *la-ddg-gi lug cun-se mdn-na mi yon* there are only small sheep in Ladak; * dun-la mdn-na mi f6n- Kan* he who sees only what is close be- fore him, a short-sighted person; *de'-bu lo gyad tin-la mdn-na mi yon* fruit will ap- pear only after a space of eight years; *f/i- rin mdn-na ma fon* I have seen (him, it) only to-day, i.e. to-day for the first time cf. min. 2. no. III. = ma II., man- ydn below and above 6s.; man-cdd, -cad, -cod 1. adv.and postp.c.accus., below, down- ward, on the lower side of, as far as, lfe-ba man-cad cu ndn-du nub Glr , he was im- merged in the water below his navel, i.e. up to his navel; inst. of man-cad also mere- ly man: pus-mo gon man Mil., lit below the parts over the knee i.e. higher than the knee; de man- cod, below that Glr.; in re- ference to time, from, do-nub man cad from this evening Mil. ; de man-cad since, from that time forward Mil; rmaii btin-ba man rab-ynds mdzdd-pa ydn-la from the founda- tion up to the consecration Glr. ; even to (the last man), (all) except or save (one), also *mdn-pa, mdn-pe, mdn-tcan, man-no* W. (B. min-pa). 2. sbst. lower part of a country, lowland, thus in Lk. as a proper e) Ld., turbid, muddy, dingy, dim, dull, dusky, as to water, flames of light etc. 1 mdn-tsi Sch. a kind of silk-cloth. man -^ a 9i Ssk- ^tj^ir, advice, di- rection. information, ston-pa to give, man -na^ (-gi}-rgyiid v. rgyud 2; in later writings and in the mind of the common people, it coincides with snags, in as much as the esoteric doctrines of mysticism, i.e. magic art, are concerned, which are com- municated in no other way than by word of mouth ; cf. 1,'a-rayan. a tree pa, Uiay, v. man II. and III. man-da-ra-ba, in paradise Stg. man-dzi 1. ScA.'a small square table', ace. to others a tripod with long curv- ed feet, for sacrificial purposes. 2. W' bed Hindi ^^. SjajV^jOT man-M crystal, glass Pth. T^- mar I. sbst., resp. ysol-mdr 1. butter Thgy , C., W. 2. col. also oil. - Comp. skya-mdr, Ld. tfdg-la mar fresh, not melted butter; ba-mdr cow-butter; Jbri- mdr yak-butter; Jbru-mar oil from oleagin- ous seeds, rape-seed oil etc. DzL and else- where ; rtsi-mdr oil from the stones of apri- cots etc. ; mdzo-mdr butter from the bastard- cow; zun-mdr melted butter, gki (Hind.), the usual form of butter in India and frq. also in Tibet, highly esteemed both as food and as medicine; *zum-mdr-pa* C. lamp; mar-dkdr Med. = skya-mdr. mdr-Ku melt- ed, liquid butter. mar-myin old, rancid butter, recommended by physicians for dis- eases of the mind, fainting-fits, wounds. * ''mar -nag* W. oil, *nyun-dkar-mar-ndg* rape-seed oil. *mar - blug* W. a small urn- shaped vessel for butter or oil. mar- me lamp, at present only for holy uses, thus: * mar -me ghyen-fsijn* holy, heavenward burning lamp C. (formerly any lamp DzL 2AS, 11; Glr.); mar me mdzdd Buddha Di- pankara, v. Dzl. XXXVII.; mar-zogs Mil. a part cut off, one half of a mar-ril, i.e. a globular lump of fresh butter, about one pound in weight, not unfrequently offered to travellers as a gift of courtesy. mar- ysdr fresh butter Lt. II. termin. of ma I., to or 'into' the mother; mar-gyur ^gro-ba regarded as a mother, a creature loved like a mother, Mil.; v. ma II. down, downward, mar-la id., B. and C.; v. rbab and ^rib- pa; mar-no v. no 5. . mar-ka-la-ga (?) a fine ochre- ous earth, found e. g. on the Baralasa pass between Lh. and Ld., used 412 mar-rydn as ground-colour in staining houses with dkdr-rtsi Ld. mar-rydn v. ma-ryn. "R* mar-no v. no 5. T mar-don perh. dmar- don. mar-pa, n. of a holy Lama, teacher of Milaraspa, by whom he was highly respected. I" mar-ba pro vine, for dmdr-ba Sch. mar - yul Ma., n. p. = la - dways Ladak. iQt- mal, the place where a thing is, its site, situation, *mdl-du zdy-pa* C. *bor- ce* W., to put a thing in its own place; also where a thing has been, its trace, ves- tige, sin-rtai rut, wheel-mark, track; mal ycig-tu mi O dug-pa prob. to be unstable, changeable, fickle, restless ; more esp. place of rest, couch, bed, mdl-yyi <oy-tu under the bed Glr.; dyohs-mal resp. for night- quarters Dzl. ?C, 3 (so ace. to the xylo- graphic copy; Sch. having the less appro- priate dyons-lam) ; *mal duy-ce* W. to live in a strange place, enidr/nelv; mal bde-ba Sch. a quiet sleep, nai lus sems mdl-du bde I now may safely lie down, fig. for: the danger is now over Glr. mal-Kri bed- frame, bed-stead. mal -yds Cs., mal-cd Lex., *mal-ce* C., *-stdn* C., W .. Dzl. bed- ding, bed-clothes. mal-ldan Sch. 'cradle', rather improb., perh. hammock. mal-yol bed-curtain. mdl - sa, resp. yzims - mdl couch, bed. mal-la-mul-le Ld. lukewarm, tepid. TQi'(-M'm- mal-li-ka Ssk., properly name of ' a flower, Jasminum Champaca, used as an epithet in pompous titles of books. mas 1. instrum. case of ma mother. 2. v. ma II , the lower part, gen. how- ever with terminative meaning, downward, towards the lower parts, mas ltdh-ba Med. to move downward, to purge; backward, last Sch.; used also as a sbst.: mds-kyi the last, e.g. yi-ge final letter Cs. ; mds-la downward, below Sch., mds-nas from below Sch.; cf. the contrary yds. > mi, 1. num. figure: 46. II. sbst. man, mi ysod-pa to kill men, to murder, mi- med ri-Krod uninhabited, desolate moun- tains Mil. ; mi-rnams nd-re people said Mil.; mi-la ma lab tell no body else of it Mil; rdn-yis bsdys-pa mi-yis spyod what we gath- ered ourselves, is enjoyed by others Mil.; mi-nor ran sloit-ba to gather by begging what belongs to others Mil.; mii bit -mo 1. daughters of men, opp. to lhai bu-mo e.g. witches appear in the shape of daugh- ters of men Mil. 2. daughters of others, opp. to rdn-yi bu-mo Mil., cf. also mi-bu further on; pleon. before a pers. pron. of the first person: mi-nd, mi-bddy I, Mil. (cf. po}, and with certain sbst. : ytso-bo mi drug (we) six lords Glr. ; plur. also mi-fso Sch. Comp. mt-Ka, (idle) talk of the people, common talk, yul-sdei ndu-nas mi-Ka sdud in the whole neighbourhood one is an ob- ject of gossip, nif. ; defaming talk; impre- cating speech, with or without nan-pa, mi- Jcd zuy or poy (damnation) lights on (me, him) Dom. mi-kyim l. human dwelling, house, (the Chinese capital contained) mi- kyim Jbum-fso 100 000 houses Glr. 2. Ld.- Glr. Schl. 20. b. and Glr. 94, 7 it seems to imply the people of a household, domestics, the same as Kyim-ghi mi. mi- yreii v. ^ren-ba. mi-ryod v. ryod-pa II. mi- bryyud v. bryyud. mi-rje sovereign, king, mi-rje mdzdd-pa to be king, to reign Glr. mi - nyid Cs. 'humanity, honesty' ; mi~ nyid-can 'humane, honest' (?) mi-brddy. 1. = mi-rje. 2. symb. num. : 16. mi-mda (vulgo min-da) Mil. and C., W.: men, per- sons preceded by a numeral, e.g. six men, six women (prop, a line or row of people). mi-sde v. sde. Sch. has also: lha-sdv mi-sde princes and nations. mi-snd 1. race of men. class of people (seldom). 2. messenger, delegate, not frq met with in books, yet not unknown in 6'. and W., and used esp. of messengers with an errand or 413 mig charge given them in words; in our trans- lations introduced for apostle, po-nya hav- ing been adopted for 'angel'. mi-dp6n prefect Glr., C. mi(i)-bu 1. a child of man, a mortal, po., Mil., cf. mii bu-mo above. 2. son of man, when Christ speaks of him- self as such, otherwise mii sras Chr. Prot. - mi-bo 6s., rarely for mi. mi-dbaii, prince, potentate. mi-ma-yin(-pa) -y^^. one that is not a human being, mi dan mi-ma-yin-pa fams-cdd all human and not human (adversaries) Dom., esp. ghosts, de- mons, dur - /trod - kyi mi-ma-yin-pa-rnams the ghosts of a grave-yard (not the souls of the dead); mfcd-la rgyit-bai mi-ma-yin the ghosts that walk in the air Mil.; dkdr- pyoys-kyi mi-ma yin-rnams good genii Mil. ; mi-ma-yin-gyi co- priil apparitions of ghosts Mil. mi-mo woman, yet only in contra- position to Ihd-mo and other not human female beings Mil. and elsewh. mi(i)-yul human world, lower world, earth, opp. to regions of the gods or of infernal beings Glr., Pth. mi-robs mankind. mi-rif/s v. rigs. Mi-la-^ms-pa, often only Mi-la, name of a Buddhist ascetic, of the 11 cen- tury (Wdk.\ who between the periods of his meditations itinerating in the southern part of Middle Tibet, as a mendicant friar, instructed the people by his improvisations delivered in poetry and song, brought the indifferent to his faith, refuted and con- verted the heretics, wrought manifold mi- racles (rdzu - O prul} , and whose legends, written not without wit and poetical merit, are still at the present day the most po- pular and widely circulated book in Tibet. mi-lag servant, *mi-ldg-tu ()6-wa* to do servant's work, to perform drudgery W. mi-lus 1. the human body. 2. v. liis-pa. mi-ser i. subject, servant, menial, drudge. 2. robber, thief, sharper. 3. v. below. III. negative adv. : not, in all such cases where ma (q.v.) is not used. With simple verbs the place of the negation is always immediately before them, in compound forms gen. before the last of the component parts, e.g. Jbyiin bar mi O gy>'ir-ro, unless logically it belongs to the first, in which case often ma inst. of mi is employed. This rule, how- ever, is not always strictly observed, so Glr. 70 : de dan ndm-du yah mi O brdl-bar gyis sig, and immediately after: skad fcig kyati ma brdl-bar gyis sig do never part with it mi-nydg, me-nydg, and 5* mr- Tanggud, names of two provinces close- NJ ly connected with each other, situated in the north-eastern part of Tibet and forming in ancient times a separate kingdom Glr. mi-ma Sch. tears. mi-ser 1. n.p., formed after -*ox, mi-ser yul Egypt, mi-ser-pa Egyptian, Chr. Prot. 2. v. mi. TQX{'3' miam-ci, Ssk. fag ^, fabulous be- ings of Indian origin, nearly re- lated to the O dri-za, and belonging to the retinue of Kuvera; fern miam-ci-mo. |Vj- miu 1. a little man, dwarf, also miu- ^ fun Wdn.; mig-gi miu v. mig. 2. perh. applicable also to puppet, doll. mig, resp. 1. eye. 2. eye of a needle; hole in a hatchet or hammer, to insert the handle 3. symb. num.: 2. miy- gi garis Sch., the white of the eye; mig-yi rgydl-mo or miu, 'the queen or the little man in the eye': 1. pupil. 2. iris Sty.; mig- gi sndg-fsa or -mfso 6s., vulgo mig-gi ndg- po id.; mig-gi me -tog Sch. the luminous point of the eye: mig nydms-pa 6s. weak eyes; mig ltd-ba to see with the eyes, to look up, to look round Glr. ; mig O dzum-pa to shut the eyes, Jbyed-pa to open the eyes, v. Jbyed-2)a 1 ; O don-pa, Jbyin-pa to cut or tear out the eyes, to squeeze them out by a particular instrument, as a torture or pu- nishment C.; mig bcdr-ba Lex., ace. to Sch. id.; mdoiis-pa, mdons-par ^gyiir-ba to get blind or blinded, to be deprived of sight Dzl. ; mig Jcyid-pa Sch., to distort or roll the eyes; mig sku-ba Dowt. (bsku-ba?) n. of a certain magic trick; mig eld -pa in- flammation of the eyes through cold, snow- blindness C. (perh, pyid-pa)', *mig zug son* 414 mig it has struck my eyes, I should like to have it C., W. ; *mig log ltd-ce* to eye one 'ob- liquely, with envy or jealousy W. Comp. mig-kyog squinting Sch. mig- rkyen Mil., is said to be the same as mig- Itos. *mig-skyor* W. eye-ball. mig- skydg the impurities in the eyes Cs. mig- Kun eye-hole, socket Sch. mig-Jlrul Mil. v. mig- pnd. mig -grogs one's sweet- heart Cs. mig - O gram edge of the eye Sch. mig-rgyan 1. v. rgyan-ma. 2. far- sightedness, mig-rgydn-can one that is far- sighted, mig rgyan-fuh short-sighted Bhar. mig-sgyu mirage, looming, Fata Morgana, sos-kai fan-la mig-sgyu O gyu-ba bzin Thgr. like the mirage on a plain in the hot season. mig-sgyur-ma = m/cd- gro-ma Mil. mig-can 1. having eyes. 2. having seeds or grains, fructified, of ears of corn W. mig-cer v. -ce-re. mig-lcibs eye-lid Med. mig-cu 1. tears W. 2. hydrophthalmia Med. 3. mig-cu dzdg-pa blear-eyes Schr. mig-brnyds Jcyer-ba Mil. c. dat., to slight, to treat contemptuously. mig-rtul dim, dull eyes Sch. mig-lta (resp. zdl-lta, zdl-ta)byed-pa to inspect, superintend (*mig- ta-Kan* overseer of workmen); to keep, to guard; to care for, to minister, to serve. mig-ltdg Sch. = mig-sky(ig(?} mig- Itos \. eye-sight, look, mien Cs. 2. C. W. learning by observation and close ocular attention, *gdr-za-pe hin-dui mig-tos Kur, or Kyon, or lob dug*W. the people of Lahoul copy the Hindoos; *mig-tos nan-pa I'ur, or lob son* W. he has imitated what is not good. *mig-to-la pem-pa, or no'-pa* C. to derive profit or harm from observing and imitating others (?) *mig-to-la pem-pe 'tim* deterring punishment. *mig-fdg ton-tea* a kind of torture in C 1 ., little hooks, con- nected by strings, being fastened in the lower eye-lids as well as in the chest, by which means the former are constantly drawn down and prevented from closing. mig-fun short-sightedness Cs., mig-fun- can short-sighted. *mig-da* snow-spec- tacles, shades formed of a texture of horse- hair. *mig-dol* C. = ynyid-rdol. mig- Iddn = mig-can po. needle. mig - ndd, disease of the eye. mig-po = mig Cs., mig-po-ce a large eye Cs. *mig-pdg* C., W. eye-lid. mig-spnn 'a white spot in the eye' Sch. ; ace. to Lt. it seems to be the white of the eye, sclerotica, in C. the cataract is called so. mig-por Cs. = mig- Jcun. mig -Jirul Mil. optical deception, mig-Jcrul-mKan a showman Cs. mig-bu 'Augenklappe' Sch. (?) mig- bitr goggle- eyes. mig- Q bras apple of the eye, eye- ball, *mig-dds Uy-ce, or mig-Mr log-ce* W. to roll the eyes; bddg-gi mig-gi O bras Itar yces-na yatl although she is as dear to me as the apple of my eye. mig-mdh(s) chess-board, game at tables, miy-mdn rtse- ba Dzl. to play at chess, mig-man-ris-su b)*is-pa Glr. chequered, painted or in-laid work after the pattern of a chess-board. mig-med eyeless, blind. miy-dmdr 1. red eye, as a symptom of disease Lt. 2. the planet Mars. mig-smdn eye-me- dicine. mig-rtsa 1. prob. Vena facialis externa Med . 2. the blood - vessels of the sclerotica, mig-rtsa Jcrugs-pa the blood- vessels irritated, reddened Med. *mig- sdl* W. sharp-sightedness, *mig - sal - Kan* sharp-sighted, *mig-sal-nydm* the contrary. mig-rtseg the wrinkles of the eye-lid Cs. - mig-fsil, 1. fat in the eye Mil. 2. the white in the eye Cs. *mig-fsig(-ce)* W. inflammation of the eye, *Kd-mig-fsig* caused by snow, *dud-mig-fsig* caused by smoke. mig-zi mist before the eyes Sch. mig- zur corner of the eye Sch. mig-yziigs S.g. optical perception, a picture of objects being formed on the retina by reflected rays of light (merely guessed by Tibetan science, not ascertained by observation and research). *mig-ydn(s)* C., W. liberal, bountiful. mig -y or, \. Sch. = mig-rtul. 2. = mig-sgyu Thgr. mig-rig-rig Mil. timidly, anxiously looking to and fro, hither and thither. mig-rin-can = mig-rgydn-can Cs. mig-ris artificial eye-brows Cs. mig^rus eye-bone Cs. mig-slobs the act of accustoming the eyes to . . ., mig-slobs nan-pa skye Mil. you habituate yourself to a faulty look , i. e. 415 downward, to what is earthly. W. eye-lash. mig-ser 1 . jaundice , also *gya-ndg mig-ser* W. 2. envy, jealousy, mig-ser-can envious, jealous. mig-hu-re v. hu-re. |V_. min, resp. mtsan, name, Kyod-kyi min ci yin Mil. or *ci zer* W. what is your name? dei min yaii med Glr. such a thing is or was not known at all, such a thing does not exist; min-tsam-gyi dge-sloh DzL priest only by name; W.: *min-gi ndn-na* id.; C. also: *tdl-gyi min tsdm-le me* this tax exists only nominally; appellation, de- signation, word, fm-pai min a word for drawing (pulling) Gram.; min - gi mdzod dictionary ; *tfyod - su min dan* or *su mi-n- ni ndii-na* or *su min nen-te* or *su min- la ten - te ca dug* W. in whose name or business, upon whose order are you going? *cii min dan* W. for what cause, in behalf of what affair? min-nas r)6d-pa, or smo- ba DzL and elsewh., to call by name, also to call upon the name of, hence . . . kyi min-nas br)6d-de in the name of ; min O d6gs- pa to name v. min 2; dnos-min v. dhos; btdgs-min a name given (e.g. a Christian name) 6s., rjes-grub-kyi min a surname 6s., rus-miii a family name Cs. Comp. min-rkydn a single syllable or name 6s., cf. min-sbydr. mih-grogs one's name-sake 6s. min-sgrd a mere name, word, or sound (philosophical term.) Was. min - nan a bad name, infamy 6s. min-can having a name, dpal-Jbyor min- can one of the name of Paljor. miii-fon v. O fon-pa. min-mfd final letter 6s. min-sbydr compound name. min -med 1. nameless. 2. the fourth finger. min- fsig word, appellation. miii-yzi the first letter of the root of a word, in contra- distinction to the second, the third, and the prefix-letters, min-yz! rkydh-pa a Dingle initial, e. g. T], including JJ. [TJ, g], Zam.\ ynyis-sbrel, ysum-sbrel a double, triplo, letter, like 7f|, ^, 6s. (?) min-bzdn good repu- tation 6s ^ /> >l ~ P brother in relation to liis sister, min-sii'ri brother and sister; de ha dan mih-srih-du byao Dzl. her and myself I shall make to be sister and brother, i.e. I shall raise her to be my sister. 5J^" mid a large fish 6s.; mid-mid id. mid-pa 1. sbst. gullet, oesophagus Mil. and elsewh.; mid-skrdn a tumour of it, incident to horses Sch. 2. vb. to swallow, to gulp down, frq. gVr min, W. *man*, 1. for ma yin (he, ^ she, it) is not, sa-min-fsil-min Mil. they are neither 'flesh nor fat'. 2. abbrev. for min-pa and min -par v. below; btan- min for *btan yin-nam ma yin* W. will it be given or not? min-pa and ma yin-pa to be not; often as a participle supplying the place of a prep, or adv. (for min-par\ excepted, except, besides, de ma yin-pai sin Stg. the other trees except this one; klu ma yin-pa yzan mi tub Dzl. except he that is a Lu cannot . . .; sans-rgyds min-pa sus /cyan mi ses Mil. besides Buddha no one knows of it, no one knows it except Bud- dha; has yug ycig min-pa mi bsdad Mil. I have been sitting down only this moment; TO zer-ba min-pa skyab-pai min mi yoh-ba O dug Mil. one can only say 'corpse', and the appellation 'skyab-pa' is not admissible; de min besides, otherwise, else, apart from, setting aside Mil.; even: de-min-rnams Glr. those that are not doing so. Cf. man. &|<3T^" min-da v. mi-mda, sub mi compounds. |W mim, the Hind, mem, Madam, mim sd- heb the mistress or lady of the house. xte* mir termin., jfor w*s instrum. case of mi. 5|- mu 1. num. fig.: 76. 2. sbst. border, ^ boundary, limit, edge, end, zih-mu-la vnds-pai lha deity residing on the land- mark; mu-la skye (the plant) grows on the edges of fields Wdh.; mfa med-cih mu med Stg. there is neither limit nor end; mu bzi = mfa bzi Mil , S.g. seems to be used in a philosophical sense for 'perfect limited- ness'; mu-Kyud circumference, compass, the hoops of a cask Sch., tlie rim of a wheel Stg. ; mu-Icyud-qdzin ii.p., the least of the 416 -ge mur-ba seven mountains surrounding the Sumeru. mu-stegs-pa, also mu-stegs-can Ssk. <ftf^efi (overlooking the word steys) it is gen. ex- plained in an intellectual sense, so by Cun- ningham : adherents of the doctrine of finite existence (Bhilsa Topes), Cs. : the doctrine of perpetual duration or of perpetual an- nihilation (?); but should not rather mu- stegs be the same as O bdb-stegs (v. Jbdb-pa), being a literal translation of <ft^[, and there- fore prop, a Brahm.anic ascetic (v. Ssk. diet.), in Buddhist literature always equi- valent to Brahmanist, Non-Buddhist, heretic (infidel)? 3 Sch has besides: mu-la in a circle, continuously; mu-ltar or mu-nas = bzin-duC.\ in W they say: *mu cig-la bor* throw it together on a heap! mu-ge 1. W. desire, appetite, *zan za- ce* or *can fun-cet mu-ge rag* I have a longing for food, for beer; mu-ge-can fond of dainties, lickerish, of men and animals. 2. B. and col., famine, mu-ge Jbyun Dzl., Mil. a famine is caused, breaks out. ( mu-cor nonsense, smrd-baStg. to talk nonsense. jfcqr tnu-tig pearl frq., mu-tig-rgyan a ' pearl ornament Cs ; mjn-tig-cun-po, mu-tig'drd-baG-lr. garland formed of pearls; mu-tig-pren string of pearls. mu-fi-la mother of pearl Sch. (?). mu-niSsk. saint, ascetic, anchorite, chiefly in names: Sd-kya-mu-ni the saint of the Sakyas, Buddha. mu-ni-tiSch. = mu-tig(?). j. mu-men Glr., Mil. a precious stone, of a dark blue, yet inferior to the azure- stone, occasionally used for rosaries; mention is also made of mu-men dmdr-po Wdn. mu-rtsdd(?) colt's foot, Tussilago farfara Lh mu-zi brimstone, sulphur Med., mu-zi- can containing- sulphur, sulphurous; mu-zii skyur-rtsi (snum Schr.) sulphuric acid C's.(?). mu-rdn hoop, of casks etc. Sch. mu-la Ssk., root| particular roots, such as those of Arum campanulatum, so perh. Lt. 5CT'^j" mug-ge sometimes for mu-ge. g^n-q. mug-pa, 1. sbst. moth, worm, mug- ma id. Gb\, also mun-ma\ gos-mug clothes-moth, bdl-mug id., Icdgs-mug aworm that eats iron away(?) 6s.; mug-zan moth- eaten, destroyed by worms Cs. 2. vb. with yid-, yi-, resp. fugs-, to despair Pth.; bio mug-po'd gloomy, doleful way of thinking Sch. mun-pa 1. sbst. obscurity, darkness, frq. mun-pai smog-rum id., frq.; mun-pa-nas mun-par groDzl. they wander in eternal darkness; mun-pa scl-ba to lighten the darkness; frq. fig. with and without bloi. 2 adj. obscure, dark. 3. vb. in W., mun son he has become insensible. Comp. mun-Kafi dark room, e.g. the sanctuary containing the images of the gods Glr.; prison Cs. mun-Kun Dzl. prison, dungeon. *mun-tig* Lh., mun-Krod Dzl., *mun- ndg* W., ., mun-brdg Sch. and Lh. (?) close darkness. *mun-dul, or mun-nyug tdn- ce* W. to grope in the dark. *mun-cu, num-cu* W. the dusk of evening, *mun (-cu) rub* sets in. *mun-(s)pe-ra tdn- ce* W. to talk confusedly, wildly. mun- sprul Tar. 56,17, to judge by the context: ignorance, stupidity; so Schf. mun-sribs Lea;, the darkness of night. mun - sro furious passion, *mun-sro yon dug* W. he rages in his passion. *mun-sros = mun- cu* W. 5T mum (Hind.') W. wax. rr^- mur 1. termin. of inu, hence mur-fug to the extremity, till the end of Cs.; perh. also mur-dum(or -zlum"?}Ld. dull, of knives, hatchets; mur- dug = mu-stegs-pa Sch. 2. gills of fish. SF^ffc" mu>r -gon the temples Sch.; mur- O grdm id. Cs ; jaw, jaw-bone Sch. - mur-for ulcers in the mouth Sch. mur-ba 1. to gnaw, to destroy by gnawing, to bite asunder, e. g. bones Thgr. 2. to masticate, to chew(?). 417 med-pa mul-fug W. fist, *mul-fug co-ce, gdm-ce* to threaten with the fist, *gydb-ce* to strike with the fist. j- me I. num. fig. : 106. II. sbst. 1. resp. zugs C., *ndn-me* W., fire, me Jbar the fire burns, so?* breaks out, meed spreads, si is extinguished; *me sdn-na* W. is the fire burning (again)? Kdn-pa mes (vulgo *me- /*) bsregs, sor, ffyer the house is burnt down, *dugs son* W. ignited , burnt (par- tially); me sbor-ba, Jbud-pa, ytoh-ba B., \s)bdr-ce, pu-ce, dug-ce* W. to light a fire, yso-ba, *son-te co-ce* W. to stir, poke, trim the fire, *nydl-ce* W. to cover the glowing embers with ashes, in order to preserve the heat; rgydb-pa 1. to set on fire, Kyim-la a house Glr. 2. to strike fire W., me Ide-baB. and col., to warm one's self at the fire. 2. symb. num.: 3. Comp. me-skdm cock (of a gun), *me- kdmjar fsar* W. the gun is cocked. me- skyogs C. a shovel for live coals. me- S 9y9 s > 9y9 s = 8 9 1 J9 S 2 - me-mgdl fire- brand, me-mgdl-gyi H6r-lo the circle made by a firebrand, when quickly swung round Cs. *me-rlon* torch C. me-can fiery, containing fire. me-lcdgs fire-steel, pocket- fire. me-lce flame of fire. me-cd fire- steel (?) Sch., *me- ce* C. every thing re- quisite for kindling a fire, as it is got in readiness for the following morning. me- mnyam-rlun v. rlun. *me-tdg* C. 1 . (rtags) a mark of burning. 2. (Itag or stag} spark, sparklet, a bit of live coal in the ashes. me-fdb fire-place, hearth; stove. me- don Dzl fire-pit, pool of fire. me-drod v. drod. *me-dd*C., musket, pistol; *me- da pag-cen* canon Schr.; *me-dd gydb-pa* to discharge a gun; *me-da-sin* resinous wood, the coal of which is particularly used for making gun-powder. *me-ddg* (mday} C. coals glowing underneath the ashes. nw-rdel bullet, musket-ball Sch. me-rdo flint Cs. me-niir Sch. = me-mddg. me- snod, or -por coal-pan, chafing-dish, per- fuming-pan. me-puri, me-bum cupping- glass, cup Lt. me-ba Dzl. = me. me- bo = me a large fire, me-bo ce Dzl. me- dbdl a disease Med. ; it is said to be a cu- taneous eruption, hot and smarting, perh. erysipelas? me-mur = me-mddg Dzl. ; me-ma-mur Thgy. id.? me-btsd v. btsa. *me - fsdg* spark W. - *me-dze* gun- powder C. me-yzi anvil Sch. me-yzob mark of singeing, of having caught fire. - *me-zt* W. = me-ltdg. me-^obs = me- doh Sch. me-ri fire-mountain, introduced by us for volcano. me - ris a figure re- sembling a flame Sch. me-ro an extin- guished fire, fig. bstdn-pai me-ro Ian Glr. the extinct doctrine revives again. *me- lifi* W. flame. me-len fire-tongs. me- sel burning-glass. me-lhd the god of fire, v. Schl. 251 sqq. III. v. also me-tog. me-nydg v. mi-nydg. m e- to 9-> W. *men-tog*, 1. flower, me- tog O bar, Ka Jbus the flower opens, begins to bloom, me-tog-gi pren-ba chaplet, wreath of flowers. 2. W. tuft or crest on the head of some birds. 3. W. snow-flake. me-lon 1. mirror, looking-glass, frq.; Ids-kyi me-lon a magic mirror, re- vealing the future Glr.; also fig., esp. in titles of books, e.g. rgyal-rdbs-kyi ysdl-bai, me-lon A bright Mirror of the History of Kings. 2. plain surface, flat body extending in length and breadth, e.g. the flatness of the shoulder-blade, table-top, door-pannels etc., hence sgo me-lon-can Glr. an opening provided with a frame of boards to close it, not merely an 'ostium', of which de- scription most of the inner doors in Tibetan houses are. SJoS^ mea^o the mewing of a cat. Tjr'j- med-pa for mi yod-pa to be not, to exist not (v. ydd-pd), med he is not here, he is gone etc. ; *Ka-cul-du son-te med* W. he is off, having gone to Kashmere \*cag- mag a-pe Kyer-te med* W. the tinder-box is not here, father has taken it with him; *si-te med* W. he is dead and gone; skabs med Dzl. there is, or there 'was, no oppor- tunity ; cos-kyi min tsam yah med Glr. re- ligious law does not, or did not, exist at all; med kyaii even if nothing is extant, 27 418 mes-po though the thing does not exist in reality ; *ni med-na yan yon dug* the 'm 5 may be dispensed with, though 'm' be omitted, it will be all right; rgyd-la med-pai yi-ge drug Glr. six letters not existing in Sanskrit; mtd-kyan-run-baiyig-Jbru ycig a letter that may also be wanting, a dispensable letter, e.g. <2J G-lr. ; med-kyan dgos-pai Kral-bsdud Mil. a taxation necessary, and even if one possesses nothing, yet as it were inexorable ; med-pa ( W. *med-Kan*} not being, not exist- ing, not having; bld-ma-la bzugs-grogs med- pa Idgs-sam Mil. has your Reverence no fellow-resident in your house? fern, med- ma Mil. ; W. *md dud-pa-med-Kan* very or quite smokeless; mi brndns-pa skyug-tu med-pa mid-du med-pa Dzl. a man about to be choked, being neither able to spit out, nor to swallow down; bdag (or bdag- la) can dbul-du med Dzl. we are not able to give any thing; med-mi-run-gi bu-fsd Mil. the sons and grandsons that are to get something (as a heritage); Jcyim der med-du mi ytub-pa, or mi run-ba indis- pensable in the house Thgy.; so also med- fabs-med-pai blon-po Glr.', med-par ^gyur- > ba to be annihilated, to disappear, stdg-mo med-par gyur-to Pth. the tigress disap- peared ; ynam dan sa yan med-gyur-na Dzl. when heaven and earth shall pass away; *da na cian med -Kan son* W. now I am quite undone; blon-po-rnams O gran-sems- med-par gyur-to Glr. the ministers lost their litigiousness, gave up quarreling; zas brim- du med-par gyur-to Dzl. the distribution of the dishes became impossible; *pe-ra zer-ce med-Kan son* W. he became speech- less; med-par byed-pa to annihilate, an enemy DzL, to put an end to, a quarrel Glr. ; frq. med-pa(r) may be rendered by 'with- out' : rgydl-po zig med-na mi run, or tabs - med Pth. we cannot do without a king; mfa-rfen-me'd-pai mfa a termination with- out a final consonant Gram. ; rc/yu med-par S. g. without cause ; or by ' instead of : rgydl-po med-par Glr. instead of the king, sndr-gyi lus med-par Glr. instead of the former shape ; nyin-mfsan-med-par making no difference between day and night, po-mo- med-par between male and female, rgan-byis- med-par old and young; vulgo also nyin- med-mfsdn-med etc. med-po, W. *med- Kan*, fern, med-mo, a poor man, pauper. 1^* men Mil. an ornament, piece of finery. mendi, Ssk. fl^, Lawsonia alba, a ^ plant used for staining the finger-nails red Mil. ' men-tsi a coloured silk handkerchief W. : men-hri a, kind of fur? men-hridmdr- ' "* poi slog-pa a fur-coat of red men-hri is mentioned as the vesture of a Lha. SJ^s" mer termin. of me. mer-ba Cs.: 'a quaking; thinness; mei*-po, mer -mer thin, as liquids'; Sch. : 'mer-gyis gan full to the brim 1 . I met with 1. mer in zig-mer q.v. 2. mer-ba as adj. for mfso the lake Mil. 3. *mer- mer* W. adj. like a thin pap, and sbst. a muddy Substance, e.g. street-mire; *mer-mer co-ce* to make a mire. 4. mei'-mer-ba adj in connection with such sbst. as light, ray, beam, brightness Thgr., Mil. 5. mer- mer-po used in medical writings in a similar manner as nur-nur-po, to define the shape of an embryo, oblong, oval; these descrip- tions, however, though partly founded on observation, are frequently very arbitrary, vague, and even contradictory. In W. the word has only the signification 3; a Lama from C. rendered it with "full', which would agree with Sch. and no. 1, as well as with 'glittering, quivering', having some relation to no. 2 and no. 4. or * m * l ~ fse or ~ tee l watcn > watch- man, sentinel; watcher, spy, mel- fse byed-pa to watch, to keep watch Dzl. ; jd-ra-mel-fse = *mel-fse* W. 2. steatite or soap-stone, of a greenish colour. m&-po, vulgo *me-me*, grandfather; also forefather, ancestor, progenitor, saiiis-rgyds fams-cdd-kyi spyi-mes kun-tu- bzdn-po Thgr. Kuntuzaiipo, the common progenitor of all the Buddhas; mes ryydl- po Glr. merely equivalent to k the old king'; 419 mod-pa pa-mes the grandfather by the father's, ma- mes by the mother's side C's ; yan-mes great- grandfather Glr. ; ze- or yzi-mes Sch. great- great-grandfather; mes-dbon grandfather and grandchildren, resp., e.g rgijdl-po mes- dbon the kings from one generation to an- other, the royal ancestors Glr.' mes-rdbs id. Sch. ; *me-me*, reverential name given to men of a more advanced age W. also C. S|*5" me-tri., f^fa, v. bydms-pa Mil. ST wo, I. num. figure: 136. II. woman, female, opp. to po, = bud- med: mo na-re the woman said Glr., Mil.', of animals : female. *mo-kydn* W. virgin. mo-gos woman's gown, petticoat. mo- brgyud female line of descent. mo-bi fe- male calf. mo-byis Mil., mo-dbyis (*mo- yt*) C. girl, female child. mo-btsun nun Glr. - mo-mfsdn, moi dbdn-po female genitals. mo-rdn-(mo') l. single, unmarried woman, so perh. in the passage, ydon ndn-gyi Kyo- bas mo-rdn skyid happier is a single woman than one with a husband of a bad face; more frq., the word implies 2. a poor, de- stitute female, one who did not get a husband W. 3. she, herself C., Lew.mo-ri, mo-re a female kid. mo-rigs female sex. Cs. - mo-liis the female body Sch. mo-ysdm a barren female, hence mo-ysdm-gyi bu a non- sense, an incongruity. III. lot, mo O debs-pa to cast the lot, al- ways a religious ceremony performed by Lamas (cf. rgyan and rtags-rit), which how- ever does not preclude the possibility of an imposture; mo-pa one dealing with these practices, a soothsayer, mo-pa O dre mfon- ba a soothsayer that pretends to have seen a ghost; mo-mKan Cs., md-rtsis-pa Glr. id. (the latter expression in the respective pas- sage = court-astrologer); mo-ma the femi- nine of it Cs., which however is at variance with Mil., who in several places has bla- ma mtfas^pai mo-ma. IV. affix, so-called article, correspond- ing to the masc. terminations po and pa, and denoting the fern, gender of persons, bu-mo daughter, b6d-mo a Tibetan woman. paste. mo-Kdb v. Kab. mog-pa dark (coloured) Cs.', mog-ro of horses, yellowish-brown Glr. mog-mog \. Cs. = m6g-pa. 2. meat-pie, meat-balls in a cover of mog-sa mushroom W. m fy s -t sa - ra Lt. n. of a plant; in Lh. mog-sa-ras is a large species of Ferula or Dorema, of a yellow flower and a fetid smell. mon-gol a Mongul Tib. sog-po. mon-rtul Lex. = blun-po dull, stupid. mon-lo, W. for I6n-mo knuckle, an- klebone. |r- mod moment, occurring only in the following combinations: Idn-bai mod (de-nyid^-la at the very moment of rising Ptli., Mil., dei mod-la the moment after Glr. ; gen. mod-la instantly, immediately, mod-la drdns-so Glr. he immediately pulled it out; Kra yan mod-la pyin-te Dzl. immediately after there came also the hawk; dt-nas mod-la id. Dzl. gS3r'T m d-pa (cognate to mdd-pa?) an emphatic word for to be, 1. as an augmentative oiyin, sometimes superadded to this word; occasionally untranslatable, sometimes = indeed, to be sure , zes smras mod-kyi Dzl. though indeed you may say so; dpag-tu-med mod-kyi though indeed it is immeasurable Dzl.', )'sa de-ka rta yin mod Mil. the snow-leopard indeed was I myself; di ma yin mod ^.on-kyan ... to be sure, it is not this one, yet. . . Tar.; ^ro-bayin mod (although not invited) yet after all you must go. 2. as augmentative of yod, sig- nifying abundance, plenty J9., C., W.', de mi byed-na dgra mod if you omit to do this, you will have plenty of enemies, nad mod plenty of diseases; sti-bstdn-gi Krims sin- tu mod-kyi although they abounded in com- pliments; mdd-pa having an abundance, lons-spydd rn6d-par ^gyur he becomes the owner of great wealth Dzl.; sin-fog m6d- 420 mydd-pa pa Glr. abounding in tree-fruit; mod-po adj. plentiful, abounding, kiil-lu-ru sin mod- po in Kullu wood is plentiful, or sin mod- poi yul (Kullu is) a country abounding in wood, opp. to dkon-po, hence 'cheap' may occasionally stand for it. gfa mon \. n. p., general name for the ' different nations living between Tibet and the Indian plain Mil : mon-yul-gyi bdn- dhe a monk from Nepal; Glr.: dpal-gro mon- la Paldo in Bhotan ; mon-ta-waii is stated to be a commercial place in Assam, from whence much rice is brought to Tibet; the people of Lahoul are looked upon by the real Tibetans as Mon, though for the most part they speak the Tibetan language, and they in their turn consider the Hindoos in Kullu as Mon ; that this appellation is often extended to the Hindoos in general, appears from such names as, mon-gre, mon- si an Indian pea, Phaseolus radiatus, 7TTO; mon- ca-ra the ever-green oak and its fruit, of the southern Himalaya ridges Wd/l. ; in Ld. the musicians (Ld.-Glr. Schl. 25, b), car- penters, and wood-cutters coming from the south, are likewise denominated Mon. The form mon-pa Cs. is not known to me; mon-mo fern. Pth. 2. sometimes for mun. mon-za (or perh. fza} W., popularity, respect, reputation, mon-za fob he makes himself generally beloved, is highly respected; mon-za-can beloved, popular. ^P\* mor termin. of mo. mol-ba the usual resp. term, esp. in W., for to say, to speak, as bsgo-ba and bkd-rtsal-ba are used in earlier, and ysiin- ba in later literature and in C., hence it is often to be rendered by 'to order'; *sd- heb-la sa-ldm mol zu* have the goodness to present (say) my compliments to that gentleman; *mol-lce tdn-ce* to flatter, to caress; *mol-la tan-Ma* 6'. to make known(?). j- mds-pa vb. and sbst. to be pleased, la with, to wish, to have a mind, O ar6- bar mos-so Glr. I took a fancy to go there ; cu-la sogs-par mos-na Thgy. if you wish for water or something of the kind; mds- pa dan O dod-pa 8.0. desiring and coveting (are the origin of all the misery of sin); to take pleasure in. to rejoice at, mos-pai glu Glr. song of rejoicing; as sbst.: pleasure, satisfaction, esteem. 2. to respect, to esteem, with la, to respect with devotion, to revere, to adore cos-la frq. ; Uyod gdn - la mos to whom do you direct your devotions? Mil.; mos-nas O bul-ba yin I give it merely from devout veneration, i.e. I shall take nothing for it Pth.\ frq. joined with giis-pa: yid- mos-gus drdg-pos with fervent veneration; dad-mos devotion; mos spyod-pa as parti- ciple, a pious man, a devotee Tar. 109, 7. mya-iidn, trouble, misery, affliction, mya-ndn-gyis ydun-ste Dzl.\ mya- ndn ci yan med Dzl. I have no trouble, no uneasiness, whatever; mya-ndn bsal Tar. the time of mourning is at an end; mya- ndn byed-pa to lament, to wail; mya-nan- med, Tinftefi, n. of a famous king of ancient India Glr.,, Tar. ch. VI; mya-ndn-las O dds- pa, abbr. myan- das (and so also pronoun- ced, as for instance in a verse of Mil., where it occurs as a trochee) 'having been deli- vered from pain', the usual, illiteral, Tibetan version of f^nrnjr, the absolute cessation of all motion and excitement both of body and mind, which is necessarily connected with personal existence; absolute rest, which by orientals is thought to be the highest degree of happiness, imagined by some as a perfect annihilation of existence, by others, more or less, only as a cessation of all that is unpleasant in human existence, well set forth by Kopp. I. 304 sqq. mya-nam a fearful desert Lex., Tligy. niydfj-pa Sch. 'to chew'; ace. to me- dical writings, the chemical decom- position of the chyme in the stomach; to cause putrefaction; pf. myags; mydgs-par byed-pa = myag-pa S.g.; rul-cin mydgs-pa Dzl. decomposed, putrefied; ro-mydgs the watery product of putrefaction, 'tabes' Tligy. mydn-ba v. myon-ba. "J' mydd-pa Sch. mid-pa sbst. mytn 421 " myit'i Sch. = 7m/. - ^- reeu< > rusn ' > flag, also = smyu-gu. 2. 6s. sprout, the first shoot of corn etc., myu-gu snon-po Thgy. the young green corn. myug-pa, myug-myug-pa 1. to run, roam, stroll idle about Sch. 2. to show, exhibit ostentatiously, to boast with 6s. v. dmyug-pa. myur-ba quick, swift, speedy, WM/W/-- po id. JVM. ; mostly as adv., myur-du quickly, speedily; soon; ci-myur as speedily as possible; myur-du-btsd-rtags symptoms of immediate parturition Med. gmra- myul-ba to examine closely, to search ^ into, to scrutinize, c. accus. or terinin. of place Stg., Mil., prob. but a different spelling for nyul-ba. Ice-myul Mt'ig., Lt. a symptom of disease, ace. to Wise p. 282: a quivering motion of the tongue. C|* myo-ba v. smyo-ba. myon-ba, pf. myaris, also myo/'t, fut. myan W. *nydn-ce*, 1. to taste Dzl; to try by tasting, myan-bas zim-po fsor-nas perceiving the relish by tasting; ro myon- ba * (lob-lag nydn-ce* W., id. ; to enjoy, mfo- iis-k'yi lons-spyod the bliss of paradise Dzl.', myon-bar bijed-pa to make, or to permit to, enjoy, Kyod cos-kyi zas myon-bar byao I shall make thee enjoy the food of religious doctrine Sch., yet it may be rendered also more simply : thou wilt enjoy . . . Dzl. 9V$, b. 2. in philosophy: to perceive, in re- lation to the perceptions of sense, Ssk. %^T. 3. to experience, to suffer, both good and evil, sdug-bsnal, distress etc. frq. ; to get, mi-sdug-pai lus an ugly body; seldom with termin., ynds-skabsyzdn-duwyoii-bar Q yyur- bai Ids - rnams works which would bring upon their author another state of existence (after his death) Thgy. ; myon-bar mi O gyur- ba to be preserved from Dom.; ran-gibyds- pa rdn-gi myoit-ba yin Pth. your own doings are your own sufferings ; as you have brewed, so you must drink. 4. auxil. of the pf. like byun, but chiefly in negative sentences: btsal ma myo/t Dzl. I have never yet sought, mfoit ma myoi't Mil. I have never yet seen, fos ma myoh Mil. I have never yet heard, a construction, that has originated from the earlier one c. inf. : rdzun smrd-ba ma myon, dge-bai semsskyed-pa ma myoit dealing with falsehood, producing virtuous thoughts, has never happened to me yet Dzl. dmd-ba to be low, dbus dma mfa ynyis mfo-na if (in pregnancy) the middle parts of the body are low, and the sides high Med.; sbst. lowness; adj., also dmd-mo, low, low water, low voice, low rank, short measure or weight, frq.; dmq- la Uydd-du ysod-pa to despise the low and humble Lt.; dmd-na if I live in humble circumstances Dow.; nd-yis mfomfo byds- padmadmabyun aspiring higherand higher, I fell deep Pth.] of religion: cuh-zad dmd- bai dus-su as it had somewhat fallen into decay Pth. ; dma O bebs-pa (frq. written smd) W. *ma bob kdl-ce*, and intrs. dma Jbdb- pa to lower, to degrade, by words: to abuse, to vilify Do. by deeds : to deface, to deform, to mar /'///., to disgrace, dishonour, profane Pth. ; to humiliate Tar. ; to oppress, to ruin Schr. ; *ma-bab-can* W. humiliated, brought low. dmd-sa \. Sch. low land(?) 2. = dmdn-sa. Cf. dmdn-pa. dmag Lexx. %TT 1 army, host, dmag- tsogs, dmag - dpun , less frq. dmag- yseb id.; dmag dan beds-pa with an army Tar.; mi-la dmag skyur-ba to commit the command of an army to a person Glr. ; yul- la dmag Q dren-pa to lead an army against, to invade a country, frq.; dmag rgydg-pa Glr., *mag fab-pa* C. to war, to make or wage war, dmag-rgydg (or dmag- dren) res mdn-du byed-pa to make war upon each other Glr. ; mu-slegs-pai dmdg-gis bzun he was made a prisoner by an army of Brah- manists Glr.] dmag stoii 1000 men 7V//.; dmdg-gi fsogs ston-prdg sum-cu an army of 30000 men Dzl. 2. in a gen. sense, mul- titude, number, host, *mag-lin(s}* W. abeating up of game, a battue ; *mag-nor* property of the community, - *(s)pi-nor* W. 3. 6's. and Sch. war. 422 ' dmdg-pa dmigs-pa Comp. dmag-Krims 'martial law' Cs. *mag-tug* W. war, contention, contest. - dmag-mgo Ma. vanguard, front or first line of the army. dmag-sgdr encampment, O degs-pa to pitch a camp. dmag-bsgrig troops drawn up, battle-array Sch dmag- cds requisites for war, military stores, am- munition Pth. * may -tab* ('., W. war. dmag-nor v. above sub no. 2 mag- nor. dmag- snd dmay-mgo Ma. dmag-dpun army. dmag-dpon commander, general. dmag- brdn = dmag-sgdr. dmag-mi warrior, soldier. dmdg-mo = dmag, dmdg-mo ce bski/r-ba Pth. to send out a great army. dmag-fsogs = dmag-dpuii. dmag-lms v. above. J" dmdg-pa v. mdg-pa. dnutHs the common people, populace, multitude, vulgar; dmdits-kyi ston- mo a banquet for all Mil.' dmaiis pdl-pa the vulgar, the common people; one of the common people ; dmdns-rigs id. ; used also as an abusive word: mean fellow; when referred to Indian matters = vrg. the caste of craftsmen, not so low as ydol-ba. %Tijz'r dmdd - pa Sch. invective, abuse, (does not suit to S.g. 21). dmdn-pa (cf. dmd-ba) 1. low, v. mfo-ba; gen. fig., in reference to quantity, little, dman lhag log either too little, or too much, or badly constituted, e.g. gall, and other humours of the human body Med. ; bsod - nams dman - pa having little merit, bio dmdn-pa having little sense Glr. ; with skye-ba v. skye-ba II. ; in reference to quality: indifferent, inferior Ssk. ^ff, rim ~ pas ddn-po mcog yin pyi-ma dman in the order (of enumeration) the first is always better, the next following inferior S.g.', *men-isdr* maiden, girl, virgin C. (cf. skyie- dmdn); depressed in spirits Wdn.\ poor, piti- able, ri-dwdgs dmdn-ma the poor deer Mil.; dmdn-sa or dman-ca, O dzin-pa to choose the low, humble part, to be humble, to humble one's self, frq.; dmdn-sa zuh dan mfo-sar sleb Mil. choose what is low, and you will obtain what is high. 2. dman for sky e- dmdn woman, opp. to po Mil. 3. in Mil. sometimes also for ma-mo, srin-mo. r^p^ dinar profit, gain, good success, dmar cu/t ti small profit Mil ; dmdr-po adj., tugs-ddm dmdr-po byun-nam did it go on well with your meditation? Mil., dmar-Krid Cs. 'practical instruction', e.g. in the healing art; ace. to my authorities it signifies the last "finishing' instruction, in religion Mil., in medical science Med. dmdr-po, fern, dmdr-mo (seldom), dmdr-ba, adj. 1. red, frq., mdog- dmdr-po one red -coloured (lit. red as to colour) Dom.; dmdr-bai spyan red eyes Glr.; sna dmdr-ba having a red trunk or pro- boscis Glr. ; dmdr-ba, also redness and to be red. - 2. \.dmar. Comp. dmar-skyd pale red. dmar-Krd Lt., red-spotted. dmar- Krid v. dmar. *mar-zhi* raw meat W. dmar-ljdn greenish red Mil. *mdr-t'ag cod* W. the red of evening has vanished from the mountains. dmar- fab? dmar- for v. fur-pa. dmar-mddiis Sch. 1 . bright red(?) 2. ruddy complexion. dmar- don Lt. medicinal herb ; in Lh. = bya-po-tsi-tsi. dmar-ndg, skud-pa dinar-nag ynyis two threads, one black, the other red, used in magic. dmar-smyug blackish red. mar- zan-zdn scarlet-j'ed. dmar-yol red china- ware (? opp. to dkar-yoV) Med. dmar-bsdl Sch. dysentery, bloody flux. dmar-ser (-po) i eddish yellow, honey-coloured Glr. dmds-pa Cs. wounded. dmfy-pa, dmig-bu Lex. and Cs. hole. sbst. v. the following. dmigs-pa 1. vb. (analogous to sgom-pa), to fancy, to imagine Tar. 73, 5. prob.; to think, to construe in one's mind, dmigs-te Glr. or vulgo dmigs-la in imagination, e.g. to do a thing in one's mind, which at the time one is not able to perform in reality ; this according to a Bud- dhist's belief is permitted in various cases (e.g. *sem-mi mig-la pul-ce*W., to bring an offering in mind, in imagination); it is at- tended with the same beneficial effects, as dmigs-pa 423 dm.'jdl-ba if actually done, and in legends, especially, it is generally followed by a happy reali- sation of what had been desired. dmigs- so S.O. prob.: it is imaginable, it may be done in mind; don dmigs-pa to intend a benefit or profit for another person Mil - Generally 2. sbst., thought, idea, fancy ^TT*T^T- v < ' Igo* mig(sy f \ dmigs-pai rten prob . : a thing only supposed, an object imagined Tkgr.\ dmigs-pa zig ston-pa, Jbogs-pa to give (to another person) an idea of, to make a suggestion Mil.; *mig-la, co go* W. means also : do it, execute it, according to your own mind, I cannot supply you an exact pattern of it ; dmigs-can ingenious, skilful in contriving W. ; dmigs-pa-las O dds-pa = bsdm- byai yul-las O dds-pa? ye'iis-med(-par} dmigs-pa (dan) brdl-bas-na indisturbable by fancies of the mind, free from every working of the imagination Mil.; dmigs- pa-med-pai snyin-rje Mil seems to be, ace. to Thgy.. the pity which the accomplished saint, who has found every thing, even re- ligion, to be vain and empty, feels towards all other beings, in as far as they are still subject to error and mistake, opp. to sems- can-la dmigs-pai snyin-r)e,&n& cos-la dmigs- pai snyin-tje the tender sympathies called forth by the sight of beings that are really suffering and of those defective in morality a play upon empty phrases, in as much as in the very narrative, from which the passage above is quoted, the natural soft- ness of Milaraspa is evidently excited by a very positive case, and not by any re- flexions of an abstract nature. *mig-pa- ne z<j-pa* (v. bzo-bd) C. done only in thought, supposed, fictitious; dmigs fams-cdd brjed- nas forgetful of all the beautiful fancies, schemes, and airy notions; dmigs-pa ytod- pa prob. : to direct one's thoughts, fancies, la to Tar. 189, 2. (where, no doubt, ytdd- na is to be read); dmigs-ytdd mental object, dmigs-ytdd brdl-bai rndl-Jbyor-pa a saint that is free from such objects; ace. to our Lama also = ytdd-so q.v.; dmigs-ysdl L,ex.\ (Sch.: 'a clear notion'), perh. misspelt for dmigs -bsdl exception from a rule Gram.; a particular mention, marking out, exemp- tion of a person, in magisterial orders or enactments W. dmigs-bu a blind man's leader DzL, Lea; = Ion -K 'rid -pa. nyes- dmigs Mil. and elsewh., punishment. In the last three examples the etymological relationship is not quite evident. j-jr .- dmu, rmu a kind of evil demon, ^ ' NS rarely mentioned Lex. ; rmu-rgod wild, angry, passionate; a violent fellow, not safe to deal with Mil. ; dmu-blo a wild, iras- cible mindSck.; hence dmtis-byu/t terrifying, frightful Sch.; perh. also dmus-lon blind, bodily blind, whilst lon-ba may be applied also to spiritual blindness DzL, Glr. and elsewh., and dmu-cu dropsy, esp.in the chest and in the belly Med.; dmu-skrdn Sch. an oedema, tumour filled with water. dmun-pa darkened, obscured, bio-, mun-pa. * dmul-ba v. O dzum-pa. dmur-ba v. mur-ba. dmus-loh v. dmu. dme-ba v. rme-ba. dmod-pa I. vb.t's. to curse, accurse, execrate, dmod-pa byed-pa id. Tar. 14. 17. II. sbst. dmod-pa Dzl, dmod, Glr. and elsewh., imprecation, execration, male- diction; dmod-mo id.; joined with Jbor-ba, O dor-ba, O dzug-pa, smo-ba: 1. to curse, to execrate, dran-sron-gis dmod-pa bor-bai lo bcu-ynyis the twelve years on which a curse had been pronounced by the saint Dzl. 2. to Swear, to confirm a treaty by an oath Glr. 3. to pronounce a prayer or conjuration, lha-la to the deity Glr. 4. to affirm, e.g. to say' *'kon-cdg se* or the like. The word seems to be nearly related both to simnl- pa, and to smon-pa, but, as expressly stated by the Lexx., is notsynon. with these verbs. dmydl-ba I. vb. to cut up, to cut into little pieces, moat at dinner DzL, a punishment of hell DzL II. sbst. hell, also sems- can -dmydl-ba; dniydl-bar O yro-ba to go to hell, dmydl-ba bco-brgydd 424 dmyity-pa the 18 regions of hell; fsa-dmydl the hot hell, gran-dmydl the cold hell. dmydl- ba-pa, -po, occupant of hell. *nydl-wa- can* W. poor, miserable, wretched; also like l _*j_c. UrcL, = my own little self, for T, in humble speech. 2^Tcn'j' dmyuy-paCs. to show, dmyug- So ' dmyug-pa, dmyug-pa byed-pa to show repeatedly, to boast. Yet cf. myuy-pa. i- rma wound B , 6'.; nd-la rma byun I was wounded; rma Jbyin-pa to wound, rma }'so-ba to heal a wound; rmai Ihd-ba Sch. 'a wound growing worse' ; yet cf. Ihd- ba. rmd-tca l. the orifice or edges of a wound. -2. W. inst. of rma wound, *rtil-li fdm-te md-Ka ton* he has been wounded by the bite of a serpent. rma-cds Sch. plaster, cataplasm, dressing, bandage. r-ma- r)es Sch. scar, cicatrix. rma-myin, an old wound. rma-smdn, rma-rtsis medicine or salve for a wound. rma-mfsan scar Bhar. rma-ro Sch. scurf, scab. rma- su a festering, suppurating wound. rma- sulscsLT. rma-srolSch. the act of wounding, the wound received (?) rma-ysdl a fresh wound. Q rmd-cu n.p., the river Hoangho Glr. rma-cen v. rma- i-bya. rmd-ba, pf. /-was 1. to ask, obs., Lex. 2. to wound Dzl. . ._. rma-bya (vulgo often *mdb-ja*\ WOT- ^ peacock, living wild in India, an object of superstition with Buddhists and Brah- manists. rma-bya-cen-po n. of a deity Dom. ; rma - cen Wdk. , 'one of the 5 tutelar deities of the Bud- dhists' ; Sch. : rma-cen O bom-ra 'lord of the yellow stream' (?). z p. rmaii, provinc. rmin Glr. ground, foun- dation, rman O din - ba to lay a foun- dation Glr.] rtsig-rmdn id.; rmdn-rdo foun- dation-stone. >man- fser, sman- fser or -fsar Sch. 1. pincers to pluck outhairs; Cs. instrument for cleaning the nostrils. 2. Sch. rake (instrument). rmug-pa rmdn-lam Sch. = rmi-lam, of rare occurrence. rmdd-pa or rather usually: rmdd- du byun-ba, rmad-byun wonderful, marvelous, and no-mfsar-rmdd-du ^yiir-ba to wonder, to be surprised at, fq. ' rmdn-pa Sch. wounded; rmds-pa v. rmd-ba. rmi-ba, pf rims, to dream; rmi-lam resp. mndl-lam a dream, rmi-lam za- zl a troubled dream Lt.] mi-bzan-ba a por- tentous, ill-boding dream S.g. ; rmi-lam mfoii-ba, rmi-ba to dream, rmi-lam-du rdl- bar rmis-so he dreamt that he had been torn to pieces Dzl.] rmi-lam-du O byun-ba to appear in a dream Dzl.; rmi-lam brtdy- pa Cs. to judge of dreams, bsdd-pa Cs. to interpret dreams. T qiw rmifi-sga Sch. a saddle that may be n folded together. iOT^J* rm fy-p a 1- hoof, rmig-pa Ka-brdg, rmig-brdg Cs. a cloven hoof, mig- pa-Ka-brdg-can cloven - footed ; rmig - zlum an undivided hoof: rta-rmig a horse's hoof, also name of a plant Wdn.; yydg-rmig a yak's hoof; rmig-lcdgs horse-shoe Cs. ; rmig- (f)zer horse-shoe nail, hob-nail Cs. 2. W. horse-shoe, yyab-ce to put on a horse- shoe, to shoe. rmiy(s)-pa lizard, of a small kind S.g. '' rmin v. rman. rmu v. dmu. rmu-ba Cs. 1 . dullness, heaviness. 2. fog. rnms-pa i. Cs. dull, heavy; I.-.' peevish, loath, listless. 2. foggy, gloomy, dark, nam rmtts-pa a dark night Dzl., cf. rmugs-pa] covered with fog, yul, Dzl. - rmu-fag 1. a cord to which little flags are attached, on convents etc. 2. Glr. fol. 24, sqq., here the word seems to denote some supernatural means of communication be- tween certain ancient kings and their an- cestors dwelling among the gods. rmug-pa, pf. rmuys, 1 . to bite, B. } C., 2. to hurt, to sting, of bees etc. W.] rmugs-pa 425 rmyd-ba to gall, the feet by friction of the shoes W. - 3. to bark W. rmugs-pa 1. a dense fog, Jcyimfog is coming on, Q fib Cs. id.; saws has cleared away Cs. ; rmugs- pa-can foggy ; nam rmugs-pa Dzl. 3%, 12, a dark, foggy night (another reading : rmus-pa); Dzl. ?^, 1 5, nyin-mtsdn-du yul rmugs-pa (rmus-pa), covered with fog, wrapt in darkness. 2. Sch. eyes heavy with sleep. 3. inertness, languor, laziness ML ; inert, languid, sluggish, rmugs-par byed-pa Dom. rmvn-po Cs. dull, heavy, stupid; zo rmun-po S.g. sour milk (?). rmitr-ba to gnarland bite each other, of dogs Lex. rmus-pa v. rmu-ba. NO g.q. rme-ba I. to be economizing, parsimo- nious Lex. ; bsris- (Sch. sridt} and ser- rme-ba Lex. id. II. also dme-ba and sme-ba 1 . sbst. spot, speck, mark, a natural mark, on a cane Mil. ; mole, mother-spot; *<me-zol* W.mark of burn- ing; a detestable sin, esp. murder; uncleanness of food, rme-yfsan-med or yfsan-rme-med making no difference as to clean or unclean food Mil.; rme-grib moral defilement; rme- sa-can Wdn., *me-sa za-kan* W., eating un- clean flesh, as an animal that devours its own young. 2. adj., also rme-ba- can, rme-can Wdn., rme-po Lex. unclean, defiled, contaminated. Z^T' rme-ru, n.p. 1. mountain on the Chi- nese frontier Glr. 2. a castle in Lhasa Glr. * meg-pa =ytan order, series, row Lea;., rmeg-med-pa disordered, not regu- lated. r- rmed crupper, attached to a saddle, sgd- ' yi rmed Lexx.\ gon-rmed Pth. r med-pa I. also smed-pa, pf. rmes, to ask, dri-zin smed-par mdzdd-pa id. resp. Mil. snyun-dri smed-pa Mil. snyun-dri zu-ba. II. to plough and sow; rmed-du jitg-pa to cause to be ploughed and sown, e.g. rice Dzl. rmen-pa Lex. rmen-bu Lt., sa-rmen Mil. and vulgo, gland, swelling of the glands, wen. iiflrq- i^OJ-q* ^mel-ba, smel-ba 1. to pluck Out,C-, W.,Lex.,v.bal- a. to become threadbare W. 3. Sch. to appoint, to call, to invite. r mo-snags Sch. = smre-sndgs. vn. 2. Sch. grandmother. SrrW rmo-ba, pf. and imp. rmos 1. to plough (up), zin frq.; to sow and plough in Jbras Dzl. ; ma rmos-pai lo-fog 1. a fabu- lous kind of grain in the mythical age. 2. maize, C., W. rmd-po, rmd-mKan plough- man. 2. ^gyod-rmo-ba v. O aydd-pa. |jcq. rmog helmet Glr.', rmog-tsdns Cs. 'the ' padding in a helmet'; Krab-rmog coat of mail and helmet. ^jr-n- rmon-ba vb. and sbst., pf. rmons to be obscured; obscurity, chiefly in a spiritual sense; also adj. obscured, stultified Stg.', more frq. rmons-pa, e.g. bio, the mind darkened, by false doctrine Thgy.; by sor- row, despondency, = despairing, despon- dent, unnerved Dzl., with la or termin., as to, with regard to . . . ; bio ma rmons-pa, or rmons-med Mil. a mind lively, unimpaired, susceptible, la of; kun-tu-rmon sas-ce-ba an ample share of irrationality, the prin- cipal obstacle to the happiness (ma-K6m- pa) of those beings which are born as beasts; rmdn-par gyur-baiQ be obscured, darkened, byed-pa to obscure, to darken Glr., also: to confound, perplex, deceive, = mgo skor- ba Tar. ; rmdfi-bu Lex. without expl., Cs. : 'a kind of distemper' ; rmon-spu hair of the abdomen and the pudenda, ra-fug rmon- spus Ihog-pa ^jom S.g. the belly-hair of a he-goat tends to heal cancer. JJr-fl' rm6d-pa Cs. to plough, rmod-gldn a ' plough-ox; rmod-ldm Sch. furrow. rmon-pa 1 . the act of ploughing ; rmon- pa rgydb-pa to plough Cs. -<- 2. a plough-OX, rmon-dor a yoke of plough-oxen. -.q. rmyd-ba S.g. sickness, nausea, tfams- ^ rmyd Lex. id. 27* 426 rmydii-ba ,, - . . sir 'H- rmydh-ba, rmyeh-ba = snyen- ba to stretch one's self, to stretch forward the neck; bya-rmydh byed- pa id. Cs. also: to yawn. $T sma v. dma. beard Mil., smd-ra-can bearded. 1. a sort of medicine of an as- tringent taste Med.', smdg-rgyu black pepper. 2. dark; darkness; mun-pai smag- rum id. Glr. 'sman-fser v. rman-Jser. - the ' ower P ai % PP- to ' sfoo 7 ; smdd-la downward Sch. ; lus-kyi smad the lower half of the human body, frq.; smad pyes-paSch.: 'to move the pos- terior to and fro 1 (?). lus-smad-lna sd-la y tug-pa to bring the five lower parts of the body, the belly, the knees, and the points of the feet in close contact with the ground, i. e. to prostrate one's self; hence cos-gos smad Ina Dzl. 92?, 16, the five lower pieces of the priestly apparel, perh. breeches, stock- ings and boots; the meaning, however, of sems-smdd bco-brgydd Pth. I am not pre- pared to settle. 2. lowland = man-cdd. - 3. low rank, v. smad-rigs below. 4. with regard to time, the latter part, the second half, ^rfT? f tne n ig nt J Dzl., of winter, of life etc. 5. children, in relation to their mother, gen. preceded by ma or bu, thus: ned ma-smdd I and my mother Mil.; rgdn- mo ma-smdd ysum the old woman with her (two) sons, those three Dzl.; also of animals: r god-ma ma-smdd ynyis the mare and her foal, the two Dzl. ; bu-smdd (Cs. also mad) wife and children, family; ndd-pa dei bu- smdd Mil. the sick man's family; bu-smdd- rnams (my) wife and children Mil. Comp. smad- cal lewdness, dissoluteness, prostitution, byed-pa to indulge in, to prac- tise Mil. smad- dogs a subscribed letter Gram. smdd-fson-ma ( meretria:\ prosti- tute, harlot, frq. smad-yyogs nether in- teguments, breeches, trowsers Wdn. smad-rigs common people, lower caste Dzl. 2jj<3T sman smdd-pa I. vb. 1. to bend down; to hand, to reach down, the alms bowl to a little boy Dzl. ; (Sch. 'to stoop' ?) ; ydon smdd-pa to cast down one's eyes, to be abashed, dejected Tar.; sems to humble one's self, la before Dzl., fugs id. resp. : to be condescending, lowly, meek Dzl. 2. to vilify, c. la or accus. : to blame, to chide, bu- mo one's own daughter Dzl., bddg-gi sems- la to blame one's self Dzl ; to abuse, defame, degrade, traduce, fsig ndr-pas O pdgs-pa-la (to abuse) the venerable man with base words Dzl., dfcon-mcdg-gi dbu- pdn (to de- grade) the highness of the excellent, = to blaspheme; to despise, the doctrine Glr.;io dishonour, violate, ravish, bu-moi lus a girl Pth.', md-ga-dha nydms-smad-pai fse Tar. \ 92 when (the country of) Magadha had been brought low, had decayed in its prosperity; smdd-pai fsig or nag abusive word, invective, libel; smdd-ra (prop, sgra) id., more in the language of the common people, but also Mil; smdd-ra yfdn-ba Mil., *tan-ce* W. to abuse, to revile; smad-rigs common people. II. sbst. blame, reproof, reproach, disgrace, contempt. sman 1. medicine, physic, remedy, both artificially prepared and crude : medi- cinal herb, drug; rii sman O fu-ba to gather officinal plants on the mountains Dzl.', men- la O do* C., * man-la ca* W, (the plant) is used as a medicine; sman sbyor-ba to prepare a medicine, yton-ba to administer, zd-ba or O fun-ba to take (physic) ; different forms of medicine are: fdn-gi sman liquid medicine, infusion, decocture ; pye-mai sman powder; ril-bu pill; Ide-gu electuary, sirup; sman- mdr oily medicine (Tar. 39, 8); sman-cdn prob. alcoholic tincture; Jbri-ta extract(F). Further: Jcon-sman medicine taken in- ternally, byug-sman used externally, un- guent; Jbydr-sman plaster; bzi-sman sopori- ferous potion; skyug-sman emetic; bsdl- sman purgative. smdn-gyi bla, or smdn- bla Glr. nnd Med.; Sch.: 'physician general 1 , yet to my knowledge it is never used in that sense, but only as a god or Buddha of therapeutics; there are eight such gods, Iff 427 n-ba revered by students of medicine, and fre- quently invoked in medicinal writings, as well as in medical practice, v. Schl. p. 266 sqq. (swum - gyi lha Glr. , is prob. but a misprint). Other compounds : sman-rhydl medicine -bag, smaller or larger leather- bags being the usual receptacles for the commodities of grocers and the drugs of physicians. smdn-Kan apothecary's shop. sman-Kug medicine-bag. sman-sgd a kind of officinal ginger (?) S.g. sman- sydm medicioe-box. sman-mcod the best, or a very superior medicine Pth. sman- fyons a country rich in medicinal plants. sman-rfd the vehicle or substance in which medicine is taken Med. sman-snod me- dicine glass or vessel. smdn-pa physi- cian Dzl., Glr., Med. smdn-dpe medical book. sman-dpydd v. dpydd-pa. sman- bld v. above. II. the same as, or something like klu Glr., Mil III. Lex. = pan:, Sch. also has: sman- sems 'a beneficent mind, a mind intent on working good 1 . IV. incorr. for dman. 'q- smdr-ba 1. sbst , ready money, gen. smar-rkydn; zon min smar money, and not goods Lex. 2. vb. careless and incorr. pronunciation of smrd-ba. ttQrry smdl-po n. of a lunar mansion v. rgyu-skdr. * smds-pa Sch., v. rmds-pa. mirage Lex. prob. also a reflection in water, cur- Krul-smig-rgyu . ch., v. rmig(s}-pa. smig-ma, provinc. for smyug-ma cane, reed Do. |>y _._. smin- drug 1. also skdr-ma-smin- ^ '9> ' drug mp^fa. the Pleiades; smin- dntg-zld-ba the month in which the moon standing near the Pleiades is full, Oct. or Nov., Glr. ; smin- drug -bu, qrrf^%tr, the son of Siva, god of wax Lex. 2. Pur. Eremurus spectabilis, v. bre. smn ' sme ~ the Great Bear, Ursa major. ^r-q- smin-pa, I. (f^rn^) to ripen, ripe- ness, maturity; most frq. ripe, Jbrds- bu smin-no B., smin son vulgo, tiie fruit is ripe; smin-par O gyur-ba Glr. smin ^6n- ba to ripen; the growing on to maturity of an animal germ; also the 'stadium ma- turationis', or the full development of a disease Med.; applied to conversion Pth. and elsewh. ; rgyud smin-cin grol-bar byin- gyis rlobs give them the benediction for being saved (absorbed into Nirvana) after having attained to maturity of mind Mil." smin-grol-la or smin-grol-gyi Idm-la ^god- pa to lead to conversion and salvation Glr. ; rndm-par smin-pa v. rndm-pa. smin-grol- glin n. of a monastery Cs. II. Bal. to give (sbyin-pa). |>. smin-ma eye-brow, smin(-mai} dbrag Med., smin-prag Mil., smin-mfsams Glr. the space between the eye-brows. smug-cun Med. a plant = smug- _._..__. S l^ k smug-pa Sch. for rmugs-pa fog. smiig-po I. sbst. a disease, ace. to Cs. = O dus-ndd, v. O du-ba, 1. 2. adj. dark bay, cherry- brown, purple-brown; *gya-mug* C. violet coloured ; dmar-smug brownish white Wdn. ; smug-smug Sch. dark red. smug-rtsi 1. red colour, with which sacrificial utensils are painted Lex. 2. Macrotomia, a plant with dark-red root, used for dyeing, smug-fsds paint or colour yielded by this plant Cs. 2Tq^<5" sme-bdun v. smin-bdun. y sme-ba 1. v. rme-ba. 2. rtsis-kyi ^ sme-ba Lex. a kind of arithmetical figure in geomancy, which is used together with the Chinese diagrams, spar-Ka Mil. fq. smo-ba, pf. and imp. smos, not frq., yet in some cases of constant use, for smrd-ba to say, min-nas smo-ba to call by name, to name Do.', . . . zes smds-pa the assertion that . . . Wdn.; gon-du smos -pa above-mentioned Do.; Ita ci smos v. Ita. 428 smyo-ba SjTT'n' smdd-pa, pf. smad,Lex. f1 ^ ' pa, to blame. 6c?a# sfoc? /z . smdd- pa, o blame. 6c?a# sfoc? /zaw swod to praise one's self, disparaging others ; yzogs- smod byed-pa to slander, calumniate Tligy.; to depreciate, to make contemptible, smod- par O gyur - bas Stg. because it would be disreputable, would detract from his honour. For smod- dziig-pa it would prob. be better to write dmod- Q dzug-pa. Xji-q- smon-pa to wish, to desire, with la, skyid-pa yzdn-la na mi smon for an- other happiness I do not wish Mil.; more frq. with terinin. of the infinitive, and then = to pray for, rgydl-po skye-bar (to pray for) being re-born as a king Dzl.; smon- pa bzin-du byed-pa to fulfil a prayer Dzl.; smdn-paiynas the object of a wish or prayer (7s.; yid-smon wish, desire, de fsur-sog-gi yid-smon nd-la med I do not wish that he should come Mil. ; rin-po-nas O di-lta-bur yid-smon byed-par gyur-te having long ago entertained this wish Stg. ; yid - smon ^os worth wishing, desirable ; smon-Jjug a wish and its accomplishment, smon- jug ynyis\ smon-lam, nfiirfa, P ra yer, whether it be in the general way oi expressing a good wish or offering a petition to the deity, or in the specific Brahmanic-Buddhistic form, which is always united with some condition or asseveration, as: if such or such a thing be true, then may . . ., wishing-prayer. smon-(lam) I6g(-par) O debs-pa to curse, to execrate. comrade, companion, as- sociate, = grogs-po Lex. Qg smyan? Sch.: smyan byed-pa to travel iP on business; smyan -byed blo-zan a traveling clerk not very shrewd Bhar. 108; this would seem preferable to the Ssk. equi- valent, mentioned in Schf.'s edition. smydr-ba Sch. to stretch one's self, after sleep. :> gu thin cane, writing- cane, reed-pen; *doinyi-gu* C. goose-quill, *cdg-gi nyi-gu* C. steel-pen. ma, smyug - ma 1. cane, bamboo, smyug - mai sbubs tube of bamboo 6s. 2. a pen of reed, Jog -pa, W. *z6g-ce* to make a reed-pen ; *di-nyiig* id , improp. also lead-pencil. Comp. smyug -Krog 6s., ace. to others, smyug - sbrog tube of bamboo; pen -case; small churn, = gur-gur 6s. *nyug-Kyim* C. house constructed of bamboo. smyug- m/can a. worker in cane 6s. smyug-sgdm a chest made of reed 6s. smyug-gri pen- knife. smyug-lcdg flag, flag-stick; long bamboo 6s. *nyug-fdl* C. a flat basket. smyug-fogs writer 6s. smyug-don 6s. = gur-gur. smyug-yddn m at of reed, cane- mat. smyug-ydugs an umbrella made of split reeds Cs. smyug-sder plate, dish or flat basket, coustructed of reed 6'. *nyug- tsd-me-tog* C., Carthusian pink. smyug- fsigs knot, node, joint, of reeds. *nyug- 16m* C. flat basket. smyug -bsdd comb made of bamboo. r.q. smyun-ba to fast, to observe a strict diet Med. ; often in a religious sense, smyun-bar byds-pa and ma byas-pa he who has strictly observed fasting, and he who has not Do.; smyuit-ynds the fast, the act of fasting; *nyen-ne nyun-ne zum-ce* W. to fast, to practise abstinence. V. Schl. 240. smyur-ba to be quick, expeditious, in a hurry, to hasten 6s. Cf. myur-ba. 3\n"T smyo-ba, myo-ba, pf. smyos, ^ myos to be insane, mad, ci-^an mi drdn-par myos-so they lost their senses and ran mad (with grief) Dzl.; smyos-sam is she mad? Dzl. ; snyin myos-pas Do., being deranged; *nyo dug* W. he is crazy; to be mad, as dogs Schr.; to be intoxicated, smyo- bai Ku-ba intoxicating liquor Dzl. ; rtdg-tu myos-pai fnas pot-houses, fuddling-places Stg. ; fig. O dod-cdgs-kyis myos Dzl. he is mad with lust; smyo-bar byed-pa to make one mad or drunk. smyo-byed 1. narcotic, smyo-byed-kyi rdzas narcotic medicine, so- poriferous potion, maddening drink, l.smyo- byed(-kyi} ydon a demon that causes a state ' 429 smyon-pa of stupefaction or insanity. 3. frenzy, mad- ness. 4. symb. num.: 13. fr.j- smyon-pa insane, frantic, mad, la-ddg- pa nyon-pa a madman from Ladak; gldit-po-ce Dzl. a mad elephant, Kyi a mad dog; *nyon-pa co dug* W. he raves, he is stark mad; *cp-nyon zug* W. he has been seized with religious insanity, is deranged, which is stated to be occasionally the effect of severe and long continued meditation. Cf. Ihon. tsa-kra-ba-ka smrd-ba, sometimes sm6-ba, also ,x-n smdr-ba, pf. smras, imp. smros 1. to speak, to talk, smra ma nits-te Dzl. growing dumb, speechless, not being able to speak (physically); can mi smrd-bar </yur- to they grew speechless, did not know what to say Dzl, ; smra ses-nas mir gyur-to they received the faculty of speech and became men Glr.;bslu-bai rndm-pas tfyeu dan smrds- te Dzl. speaking to the youth in a seductive manner; fsig snydn-par smrd-ba Dzl. to speak in a friendly way; cos smrd-ba to preach, cos smrd-bai zdl-la ltd-ba to hang on the preacher's lips, to listen very atten- tively Pth.\ da ma smra zig Dzl. do not lose another word ; smra-mltas^-pa} speak- ing shrewdly, well-spoken, eloquent Dzl., G-lr.\ smra- dod talkative, loquacious 6s.; smra-nyun sparing of words, taciturn, Lt. ; smra-bcdd forbearing to speak; not being bound to speak Mil.; smra-mcog, smrd- bai dban-pyug, smrd-bai rgydl-po = O jam- dpdl\ also to treat Of, with reference to books Was. 2. to say, mi-la to a person; when it precedes the words that are quoted as they were spoken, (the so-called 'oratio obliqua' being very seldom made use of, one instance v. further on): (di-skad-ces) smrds-pa or smrds-so; when placed after the words spoken, (ces) smrds-so, smrds-te etc. ; smrds-pa also is equivalent to he continued Dzl. ; sometimes it is used impersonally, it is said, e.g. it is said in that letter, where we should say, 'that letter says', Stg. ; smrd- rgyu ma byun-iio there remained nothing more for him to say (v. above) ; rarely with termin. inf. : ytug-par ni na mi smrao that they will reach it, I do not pretend to say Tligy.; ses-par smrd-ba to profess to know, to understand, like 'artem profiter? Dzl.; dnos-p&r smrd-ba to acknowledge a thing in substance Was., med-par smrd-ba to deny it in sum and substance. Note. The word which forms the sub- ject of this article, though constantly to be met with in books, seems to be hardly ever used in conversational language. 5C" ffc* smra ^i smren Cs. word, speech ; 2j smran ysol-ba to beg the word, to beg leave to speak smre-ba 1. = smrd-ba^} 2. to wail, to lament Pth. ; more com smre-sndgs O don-pa to utter lamentations; smre-sndgs- kyi sgo-nas whining (with joy) Mil. smre- ytsdnt tsa, 1. the letter sounding ts; tenuis, as in the words 'it got So cold', cf. however * fsa; 3^ <3b and R represent in Ssk. and Hindi-words the palatals ^, ^ and gf (R = ^j). 2. num fig.: 17. Ld. spunk, German tinder. tsa-kdr, Ssk. ^cfit^ partridge, = sreg-pa. tsa-kra-bd-ka red goose, Anas ca- sarca. 430 tsa-dar tsam W. - tsa-dar, tsa-sar, Pers., Hind. JL> shawl, plaid, cloak, toga tsd ~ na > tsd - nas ' tsd - la v. tsam. tsa-na-ka, more con. ""TT Ssk ., chick-pea, Cicer arietinum. tsd-bia, v. fsa-big. -f-. -. tsa-rdg,*tsa-rdgzer-ce*Ld.\Q crackle, of fire, breaking twigs etc. g'T' tsd-ru 1 W. curled, frizzled, as hair and similar things. 2. Lex. : Ssk. meat-offering to the manes. tsa-sa(-ka), TfT^ Coracias Indica, jay, roller. r tsdg-ge W. the black mark in a target, tsdg-ge-la gyob hit the mark! . Va-a~ tsdn - dan, tsdndan, xf*^ |, ^ ' sandal-tree, Sirium myrtifo- lium, sandal-wood, used for elegant build- ings, images of the gods, perfumes, medi- cines Glr., Med.','m different varieties: dkdr- po, dmdr-po etc., also of fabulous kinds: tsdn-dan sbrul-gyi snyin-po, gor-si-sa, gldh- mgo Glr., Dzl; fig. something superior in its kind, pa tsdn-dan pu-nu mi-la</-tu son the elder and younger sons of a distinguished father perform menial services. \y3T*\* tsan-don v. btson-don. tsab-tsub tsab- tsob, rtsao-rtsub hurry, haste Cs., tsab-tsub-can hasty Cs.; tsab- tsub mi bya Lex. take your time, don't be in a hurry! rtsab-rtsub-med-par not flitting, like a butterfly, from one object to another Mil; tsub-linSch. hastily, in a hurry (?) rtsab-hrdl Lea;. ; Sch. a loose, dissolute course of life (?) rtsdb-pa Sch. to hurry, to hasten (?). - tsabs-ru 1. a kind of salt, tsabs-ru- fsd S.g. 2. a tube of horn Sch. .^W tsam mostly affixed as an enclitic, = snyed (sometimes carelessly for tsdm- pa or tsdm-du) I. in a relative sense, 1. as much as O di-tsam as much as this, = so much, so many; mi O di tsam ysod-pa to kill so many men Glr. ; de- tsam id. ; also ernphat. : cos de tsam zig bsdd-nas after having given you so much religious instruction Mil.; by way of exclamation : ci-tsam how much ! W. and B., ci-tsam byas how much have you not done ! Q-lr, ; ji-tsam . . . de-tsam how m uch . . . so much (as much as) Cs. 2. denoting com- parison, as to size, degree, intensity, like, as-as, SO-as, SO that: ri-rdb tsam like Sumeru (in height) 6s ; yu/is- bru tsam as big as a grain of mustard-seed; *de ri fon-po tsam dug de-fsogs di yan yod* W. as high as yon mountain is also this one ; pus-mo nub-pa tsam even to sinking in up to the knees (knee-deep); nyi-ma Q grib-pa tsam so much that the sun was darkened Glr. ; mfai rgydl- po yan dbdn-du O dus-pa tsam byun he be- came so (powerful), that he could also sub- due or could have subdued the neigh- bouring kings Glr. 3. denoting contin- gency and restriction: perhaps, if need be, almost, only, but, all but: fsab run tsdm-mo Wdn. this may perhaps be used instead, this may, if need be, supply its place; btan- na nam-mKai bya yan, zin-(pd) tsam yda if I let him loose, he might almost catch a bird in the air, = zin-pa dan O drao Mil.; with a partic. : rtags yod-pa tsdm-la = rtags dan yod-pa-la to every one that has the mark Glr. ; rtsa dan rus-pa tsamDzl. nothing but skin and bones; O gro mi nus-pa ^jog- pa tsam Dzl. one only creeping, not being able to walk; ca tsam ses kyan if one knows but a particle, but a little bit; sems tsdm- mo they exist only in our fancy Was.] fsigs- ma tsam yod-dam Dzl. is not the sediment at least still left? Ihdg-ma tsam zig Dzl. but a remnant; brgyatsam may mean : about one hundred, or: only one hundred; in some cases tsam is untranslatable: Ina-brgyd tsam fams-cdd fsei dus byas-so the 500 merchants died all Dzl. (15, 9 s.l c.); bden-pa tsam yod Mil. some grain of truth is in the matter; fsig dan rndm-par O drd-ba tsam O dug-na- ^an Mil. though it is all but equal to the words, i.e. very much like the real tenor or wording; it may also be combined with 431 tsam the signs of the cases: na mih tsdm-gyi dge-slon ma yin Dzl. I am Bhikshu not only by name, I am not merely called so; da tsdm-gyi bdr-du Dzl. till about the present time (standing here rather pleon., as frq. is the case); brdm-ze ycig tsdm-gyi sldd- du Dzl. for the sake of a single Brahmin-, spu nyag-ma tsdm-g.,i O gyod-pai sems Dzl. but a whit (lit. a little hair) of repentance. - 4. tsdm-na referring to time: about a certain time, at the time when, when: nam- pyed tsdm-na about midnight; de tsdm-na then, at that time; esp. with verbs: Kyim- du pyin tsdm-na Dzl. when he came home; in st. of tsdm-na it is very common to say tsd-na; byed-gin yod tsd-na as he was just doing it Glr.\ ynyid sad tsd-na when he awoke Glr.; zld-ba brgyad son tsd-na when eight months had passed Glr. ; esp. col. : *yoh tsd-na* W. as we came, on our journey hither, when incorr. *tsa-ne (or sd-ne)* is said, which is justifiable only in such cases, as: *a-ma kye-sa-ne* from one's birth; )i- tsam-na or -nas when, yet mostly pleon., in as far as the sentence beginning with ji- tsam-na after all concludes with was, pa dan, dus-kyi fse etc., v. Peer Introd. frq., also Tar. 5. tsdm-du denoting extent, degree, intensity: as far as, about SO far, nearly up to, even to, till, so that, and tsam in various other applications: lam p'yed tsdm- du about half way ; frq. with verbs : bd- spu Idhs-pa tsdm-du skrags Dzl. he was so frightened, that his hair stood on end ; dum- bur bcdd-pa tsdm-du sdug-bsndl-gyis yduns- te Dzl. tormented by a pain, as if he were cut to pieces ; bus ma mtoh-ba tsdm-du dgd- steDzl. 'being glad even to a mother's being seen by her child', i.e. so glad as a child is, when beholding its mother again; some- times tsdm-la for tsdm-na and tsdm-du Mil. yet not frq. and more col.: (lib tsdm-la in the shade; *sin-ni tsdm-la* W. under, before, near a tree; tsdm-yyis instrum.: nan-non tsdm-gyis cog-ses-pa content with every thing, as poor as it may be; com. added to the inf.: smrds-pa tsdm-du as soon as it had been said Dzl. frq., or also : 'in the mere saying so' Stg.; inst. of it, col.: *zer tsam zig-la* ; W.: *zer-ra tsdm-zig-ga*. tsam yan with a following negative : not the least, mos-pa tsam yan mi byed-pa Mil. to pay not the least respect; not in the least, not at all: nyi-ma dan zld-ba tsam yan Itar med Dzl. neither sun nor moon is to be seen at all. tsdm-pa adj., mi-fsad-tsdm-pa man-sized, having the size of a man Tar. tsdm-po Mil. mi tsdm-po yons-kyi sems- la ^jug prob : I shall enter into the soul of the very first man I meet with; also = gan (cf. rtags gan yod-pa-la above). Cs. has besides : tsdm-po-ba a comparing, estimating; tsam -poi fsig a comparative expression; tsam- poi don a comparative sense (?). II. used interrogatively : how much? how many? *rin tsam?* W. how dear? tsdm-pa 1. v. tsam towards end of preced. article. 2. sbst flour from parched barley, v. rtsdm-pa. 3. n. of a country Tar. 10,14; 20,16; ace. to Safe. Lexx. = Bhagalpore. v. Kopp. I, 96; in modern geography : the small Hindu moun- tain-province Chamba on the river Ravi, under British protection. tsdm-pa-kaSsk. magnolia, Michelia tsam ~ ts m tripping to and fro, fid- geting about W. (cf. tsab-tsoU). t sar ~ ma n - f a place, freq. resorted to by Mil. 5 tsi num. fig.: 47. 5*c*m* tsi-tra-ka Ssk. 1. a painted mark on "* ' the forehead, being the badge of various sects Sch. 2. name of several plants, esp. Ricinus communis, so perh. Lt.; in Lh. : Anemone rivularis, common there. r tsi-stdg n. of a purgative Med. tsi-na ^VT, China Cs.; now com. ma- ha-tsin. . tsi- tsi mouse C., tsi-ghi id. Ts.; tsi- cun Shrew (mouse) Sch.', fdh-gi tsi-tsi field-mouse Schr. ; sai tsi-tsi mole Schr. ; tsi- tsis- dzin n. of a plant Wdn. 432 tsi-tsi-dzo-la ytsan tsi-tsi-dzo-la Cs., tsi-tsi-dzo-ba Sch. cancer (disease), said to be a Nepalese word. tsi-tse v. tse-tse. tsig-tsig byed-pa to quarrel, to be at variance Sch. tsitta Ssk. the heart as seat of the in- tellect, v. Bum. I, 637. ^ tsid anvil Sch. ^ tsu num. fig.: 77. "^* fsu-da, tsu-dai sin n. of a tree Sch. for ci-ltar adv. interrog. and cor- relat., how, as, rarely occurringin hooks; Pth.: de gar O gro, tsug byed where she is going, and what she is doing. In W. com. in the form zug, in such combinations as: gd-zug for ci-tsug, ci-ltar; *i-zug or O di- zug, and a-zug* or *de-zug*\ so ; *dan de- zug de-zug* and more of that kind; de-tsug lags in Lexx. tsug-tsug the noise of smacking in eating, tsug-tsug mi bya do not smack Zam. \y tse num. fig.: 107. &<?-#wr &?A.: 1. a small tube. 2. a little. 3flr2f fee '-p5 fe#-po a basket carried on the back, dosser, esp. W. ; *cdn-tse or cdg-tse* a wicker basket, *nyun- tse or nyug-tse* a cane basket Ts.; *feeZ- cug* the wands used for such a basket; *tsd- cdg* a broken dosser W.; *fe^-ra* the frame-work of a basket Cs.; *tsel-luh* string or strap for carrying it. millet Cs. fee-re 1 . song, tune Lex. 2. = tseg-tseg, tseg-tseg zer-ba to rustle, 'to make a noise like dry hay' Cs. tseb-tseb sharp-pointed, of needles, thorns. tsem-tse = cem-tse small scissors. tseii-ri a species of female demons Thgr. tser-tser, tser-tser byed-pa to tremble, shake, quake Sch. . tse-po. ^ feo num. fig.: 137. ^^. feo'-m Wd/i., /Ss^;. n. for the medicinal herb srub-ka; in SsL Lexx. no bo- tanical explication is given, but only the notice, that it is a perfume; in Kullu a sweet-scented white lily is called so. ^rn-jri- tsog-pu (ace. to one Lex. ^^- qj<re|i. 'NO which is not to be found; on the other hand Burn. 1,310 gives ts6<j-pu-pa = ^Mf^^. one sitting down) the posture of cowering, squatting, crouching, tsog(-tsog}-pur sdod-pa, O diig-pa resp. bzugs-pa Pth., col. *tson-tson, tsom-tsom*, to cower, squat, crouch; tsog-pu mi nus he cannot even cower, of one sick unto death Thgy.; tsog mi yzug- pa of a similar sense Sch. (The version 'to sit on one leg drawn in' Sch., which has also been adopted by Burn., may possibly be founded on a mistake of Sch., who in Cs.'s explanation: 'sitting in a crouching posture upon one's legs', prob. read 'upon one leg'). 3#-'m- tson -Ka n. of a place in Eastern Tibet Ma.', tsori-Jea-pa 1. inhabitant of that place. 2. n. of a celebrated teacher of religion and reformer, about the year 1400. tson-tson 1 . = tsog-tsog v. tsog-pu. 2. tsan-tsoh-la kur carry it straight W. " tson-don v. btson-don. tsob-tsob, *tsob-tsob-la dug-ce* Ld. to stand or sit in different groups, not in rows. r tsor-mo a five-finger pinch Cs. v. O t 'sag-pa', ytsdg-bu also i lancet for bleeding. ytsan 1. clean, pure v. ytsrin-ba. - 2. n. of a province in C., where Tasi- Ihunpo is situated ; ytsdit-pa inhabitant of it. 433 ytsan-ba ytsan-ba 1. vb. to be clean, pure Dom. 2. sbst. cleanness, purity. - 3 adj. clean, pure. Most frq. as sbst. with negation: mi-ytsdii-ba impurity, foul- ness, filth Dzl. and elsewh. : excrement S.g. ; mi-ytsdn-ba rndm-pa sna-fsogs-kyi pun-po heap of all kinds of filth, mass of corrup- tion, sometimes applied to the human body Dzl. ; ytsdn-ma adj., clean, as to the body, clothes etc.; de ni rab-bkriis ytsdn-ma yin that man is well washed and clean S 0.; ytsan-btsog-me'd(-pa) one that knows no difference between clean and unclean (cf. med)\ dirty, slovenly; rude, uncouth Glr.; ytsdh-mar byed-pa l. to clean. 2. to make one's self clean, smart, tidy; *tsdn-majhe > - pa* C., *co-ce* W. is said to be a euphemism for circumcision. *sul-tsdn-po* C. one that clears his plate, empties his cup; one that does a thing thoroughly. ytsdn-Kan Cs., com. dri-ytsan-Kan v. dri. ytsan- sbrd religious purity, ^fa; ytsan-sbrd-can (or dafi Iddn-pa) morally pure, ytsan-sbra- med-pa impure Do. ytsan-ris Sch.: the pure country and its inhabitants, the pure, the saints. ytsdh-po, Ld. *tsdns-po* river, stream ; esp. the large stream flow- ing through Tibet from west to east, gen. called * Yarutsartpo*; ytsan-cu, resp. ytsan- cdb, id. z *|tfc"3" y t8a ^~^ u screen, parasol Sch. ytsan-ytson (or * dzan- Q dzon*?} Ld., steep, rugged, mountainous. ytsdb-pa to detach with a crow-bar. . ytsi-ba, pf. ytsis, to invite, summon, call, appoint Sch. ytsi 9 s l ' lm P rtance 6 ' s -' /%< SM ) -ce very important Lex.; ytsigs ce- bar byed-pa to make much of Cs.; Sch. also mi-ytsiys insignificant; unapt, and ma- t -tsigs unimportant; without difficulty, whereas in one Lex. mi-ytsigs spyod-pa is explained by mi-rigs-pa. 2. Pth. 85 : (but as a girl was born, the king and his ministers were quite in despair, and) btsun-mo-la yan fugs ytsiys-cutl-bar gyur-to also the queen's mind ytso was much dejected (?). 3. Mil.: ytsigs-la O bebs-pa frq.; by the context: to subdue, to force, compel, also with supine, Jbans bgyid- par to compel to obey. 4. Sch. : ytsigs- pai bio quick comprehension, retentive me- mory. ytsigs-pa, with or without med- ia, to show one's teeth, to grin Glr. ; mam-par ytsigs-pa id. Glr. " ytsir-ba v. O tsir-ba. yteug 1- crown of the head, vertex Lt., spyi - ytsug id. Glr. frq. ; ytsug - tu O cin-ba to fasten on the head; fig. sd-yig ftsug-tu bcins-pai ga, cf. fod. 2. tuft, crest, of birds Sch. 3. whirlpool, eddy, vortex, in the water Sch. ; ytsug -Jiyil Wdn., also rtsub-Jcyil, perh. id.(?); ytsug-rgydn head- ornament, ytsug-(gi) nor(-bu) jewel of the head; frq. fig.: most high, most glorious among . . . , c.genit. ; also ytsug-gi nor-bur gyur-pa Glr., mcog-tu gyur-pa. ytsug- tor = for -cog, NjUjfiM; conical or flame- shaped hair-tuft on the crown of a Buddha, in later times represented as an excrescence of the skull itself, v. Burn. 11., 558. Schl. '209. /^-% L sciences, 'literae'-, ytsug-ldg mdm-pa bco-brgydd the eighteen sciences; Kyod ytsug -lag ce- zin O dzdns-pa thou, who art rich in know- ledge and wisdom. 2. scientific work or works, frq. ; ytsug-lag-Tcdn f^^K, academy, convent-temple and school, cf. also gdndJio- la; ytsug-lag-mKan or -pa 6s. a learned man. r te ^9 s -P a to bore ^ scoop out, excavate &*.(?). rteub-pa, pf. yteubs, to rub, ytsub- sin, a piece ot dry wood that is rubbed against another (ytsub-stdn or -ytdn) in order to make fire Cs. CTK^q* ytse-ba, pf. ytses v. O fse-ba. ' ytsegs-pa = Q dzigs-pa Sch. ytseh-ba = ytsi-ba Sch. ytser-ba = O fs4-ba Lex. ytso 1. v. ytso-bo. 2. v. yfsod. 434 Z^& 2f ytso-bo btsdn(-po) yteo-bo (SsL lTOT*t consequently = ?nc0#) 1. the highest in perfection, the most excellent in its kind, ytsd-bor or ytsor byed-pa, Un-pa to place foremost, to consider the first or most excellent; ytso byas-pai bu-mo lha the five noblest of the girls Mil. ; ytso byed-pa-rnams the most respectable, the leaders, the heads Mil.; des ytso-byas dpon-yyog-rnams the higher and lower people subject to him Pth. (jtso-byed- pa to be the first, belongs however rather under the head of no. 2) ; sndgs-kyi ytso-bo, smon-lam-gyi ytso -bo (the same as rgydl- po) chief spell, principal prayer; yi-ge ytso- bo sum-cu the 30 principal letters, (the let- ters of the alphabet) Glr.; nad-rnams kun- gyi ytso-bo the principal disease, viz. fever Lt. (more correct from an Indian than from a Tibetan point of view); ytso-ce-ba very important Thgr.; eminent Tar. ; j 'tsd-bor and ytso-ccr, adv., especially, chiefly, principally. Hence: 2. a chief, a principal, master, lord, rkan-ynyis-kyi (lord) of men, i.e. Buddha Dzl.; rten-gyi ytso-bo the 'lord' of the shrine, the deity to whom a shrine is consecrated, which in the lord's absence is guarded by some servant deity, e.g. Dzl. chap. "VI.; cos- kyi ytso-bo cen-po grand-master of the doc- trine, a title of Sariibu Dzl ; gentleman, but chiefly as a title = Sir, Mr., blon-po ytso- bo drug-po, ytso-bo mi drug the six (gentle- men) ministers Glr.; ytso-mo the most dis- tinguished lady, the noblest, first in rank, bi'i-mo ytso -mo the most excellent among the girls; ytso-mor ^os-pa zig the one most deserving of preference, the one of the noblest appearance Mil. ; ytso-mo mdzdd-pa to be mistress, resp. ytso-ma, btso-ma hemp Sch. * (Ld. vulgo *stsod*\ the so- called Tibetan antelope, with straight horns standing close together and in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the head S.g., ytsod-mo fern., ytsod-prug the young one, ytsod-rus the bones, ftsod-Kul the wool of it (used for shawls). btsa (btsa-ba Sch.?) 1. rust, Icdgs-kyi btsa rust of iron ; btsas-zas Sch., Kyer Lex. destroyed by rust. 2. rust, blight, smut, of corn Sch. 3. = btsag, Sch. me-btsd moxa Lt.; mi-rus-btsa? ._. btsd-ba 1. pf. btsas, to bear, to bring forth, cun-ma-la bu btsas his wife bore, gave birth to, a son Dzl. ; bu btsd-bai fabs mi tub they could not bring forth Dzl. ; btsds-pa what is begotten, new-born child- ren or animals Do. ; btsd-zug lans pains of labour ensued Sch. 2. resp. to watch, look on, spy, spydn-gyis Cs. btsd-ma fruit Sch. 2. = btsa Sch. %ft^5 red ochre Med. and Lex.-, used also of earths of a different col- our; btsag-fdh, btsag-ri, btsag-lun plain, hill, valley, of red earth; btsag-yug some other officinal mineral Med. btsdg-pa v O fsdg-pa. btsdg -mo a certain beverage, = rtsdb-mo. 'q' btsdn-ba prob. = O tsdn-ba. btsdn-po title of sovereigns Glr., alledged to be but K hams-dialect for btsdn-po. btsan 1. a species of demons, resid- ing in the air, on high rocks etc., mischievous, Glr., Dom. 2. v. the follow- ing article. bts an(-po) strong, mighty, power- ful, of kings, ministers etc., esp. as title of honour: high-potent, Dzl., Glr.; hence of family, race, descent: illustrious, noble, lhd-mo btsdn-rnams the queens of high descent, in opp. to a third of low ex- traction Glr. ; btsan-(zin) pyug(-po) noble and rich Dzl., Mil.; strong, violent, btsan- dug a virulent poison Dzl; forcible, violent, btsan- proas byed-pa to commit a robbery connected with violence Pth. ; btsan-tabs-su by violent means Pth. ; coercive, strict, se- vere bka, Krims Glr., btsdn-par mdzdd-pa rigorously to enforce (a law) ; firm, staunch, immovable, not wavering, nag-btsdn stead- fastly abiding by one's word Sch. ; firm, safe, 435 btsdb-pa btso/i sure, dben-ynds Mil. a safe, inaccessible re- treat; rdzon btsan a firm stronghold Lex.; = concealed, hidden, hence btsan-Kan the innermost dark room in a temple, in which the gods reside, or an apartment for the same purpose on the top of a house; de- finite, decided, without uncertainty, sans-rgyds- kyi bstdn-pa mi nub-cin mfa bfsdn-par byed- pai pyir in order that the doctrine of Bud- dha by being accurately defined may be secured against subversion Pth. btsdb-pa imp. btsob, to cut small, to chop, wood; to hash, to mince, meat 6".; bstab-stdn chopping-block C. s)-pa for fsdm-pa, v. fo. btsdl-ba v. O fsol-ba. btsds-pa v. btsd-ba. btsds-ma I. also rtsds-ma harvest, btsds-ma rna-ba to reap, to mow C. and Lex., btsds-ma ran tsa-na in harvest time Mil. 2. wages, pay, gru-btsds Lex., fare, passage-money; la-btsds Lex., la-can- gyi btsas? btsir-ba v. Jsir-ba. g(s)-pa v. O dzugs-pa. 'q* btsud-pa v. O dzud-pa, O fsud-pa. btsun-pa 1. respectable, noble, of race, family, rigs ce-zin btsun-pa id. Dzl.; btsun-pai bud-med Dzl. a lady of rank. 2. reverend, as title of ecclesiastics, btsun- pa -rnams the ecclesiastics, priests Glr., = ban-dhe and Ssk. fgft ( Tar. Transl. p. 4, note 7) ; even btsun - pa Krims - med wicked Reverends Ma. 3. creditable, honourable, faithful in observing religious duties , so frq. : micas btsun bzan ysum v. mKas-pa; fsig-btsun-pa grave and virtuous discourse Schr., Sch. : poh'te words (?), fsig mi btsun-pa Thgy. was explained to me: one whom nobody believes ; applied to things : good; thus Mil. says of his cane: spa co- ns ye-nas btsun-pa de this cane of quite an excellent quality. btsun-po = btsun-pa 1., rgya-rje btsun-po the noble emperor of China Glr.; as a title v. snyun; btsun-por byed - pa Cs. to reverence. btsun - ma priestess Cs. btsun-mo 1. woman of rank, a lady; also as a term of address: your lady- ship, e.g. in a legend, when a merchant speaks to the wife of a judge Dzl. ; spouse, consort, esp. queen consort, with and with- out rgydl-poi, frq.; btsun-mo ce-ba = cen- ma the principal wife; btsun-mo-can having a wife, btsun-mo-med not having a wife Cs. 2. nun, mo-bfsun, id. Glr., C. btsum-pa v. O dzum-pa. btse-ba v. fse-ba. I* btsem-pa v. fsem-pa. q^ btso, purification, refining (?) *ser-la tso taii-wa* C. to refine gold (which term eventually is the same as 'to boil') v. O fsod- pa; btso-ma, btsds-ma a purified substance, yser btso-ma, purified gold, very frq. with regard to a bright yellow colour Glr. btso-ba v. O t "sod-pa', btso-blag-pa to dye, to colour, btso-bldg-mfcan a dyer, Lex. q^f&J* btso-ma 1 . = ytsd-ma. 2. v. btso. q^|"T btsog-pa I. vb. v. O fsog-pa. II. adj., also (b)rtsog(s)-pa, W. *sog-po* 1. unclean, dirty, nasty, vile, O di-ni sin-tu rtsog-pai sa yin this is a very vile place, says the prince of hades to a saint visiting there; so also every Tibetan will say to a stranger entering his house; na btsog-lin when I am getting unclean, i.e. when I am confined Dzl.; lus btsog-pa mnyam-pa O di this vile stinking body Dzl 2. in W. the common word for bad in every respect, use- less, spoiled, troublesome, perilous (e.g. of a road); injurious; also in a more relative sense, inferior, poor, of goods; btsog-ndg tobacco- juice, oil from the tobacco-pipe. btson onion Med. and vulgo, eschewed by pious Buddhists and ascetics, but a favourite food of the bulk of the people; btson srey-pa to roast onions. 436 bfsdn-ba rtsa bfsdn-ba v. .fson-ba. . of an animal, = ytsod, q v. ' 2. n. of a plant, madder ^f^ST, (Ru- bia Manjii); btsod- b)'u seeds of this plant, btsod-zin field on which it is grown. ,_tjg.. btson,&\so btsdn-pa, a captive, prisoner, ' nyes-pa byds-pai btson zig an impris- oned criminal Dzl.\ btson -du Q dzin-pa to take prisoner Dzl. ; jug-pa to put to prison ; btson-nas O don-pa to set free, fdr-ba to be released; bzdn-bison undeserved imprison- ment or detention (ni f.), e.g. of hostages, fig. of people that are snowed up Mil - btson-Jcan, btson-ra prison. btson-don 1. dungeon, keep; Mil.: ynds-skabs-kyi btson- don the dungeon of life. 2. W. deep abyss, gulf, *tson-don fon-na mi mdn-poi go fcor* many are getting dizzy, when looking into a deep abyss. btson - rdzi, btson - sruii jailer, turnkey. btson-^rdzas prison-fare. q3&rq* bts6l-ba v. O fsol-ba. y* rtsa I. sbst., more col. rtsd-ba (W. *sd- wa*} or rtsd-bo S.g. 5, 1. vein, rtsa ycdd- pa to open a vein Dzl., *sd-wa gydb-ce* W. id. Owing to the imperfect state of Indian and Tibetan anatomy , resulting from in- veterate prejudices both of a religious and intellectual nature, great confusion prevails also in the department of angiology, many different vessels of the human body, and even part of the nerves being classed among the veins, so that it is impossible to find adequate terms for the Tibetan nomencla- ture. This applies e.g. to the division of the rtsa in cdgs-pai, srid-pai, O brel-pai, and fsei or srog-gi rtsa, which last term does not correspond to what we understand by artery (6s.); so it is also with respect to the three principal veins, which by a mystic theory are stated to proceed from the heart, dbu-ma the middle one, white, rkydn-ma the left one, red, and ro-ma the right one, white, con- cerning which cf. the articles ftum-mo and fig-U ; rtsa-dkdr, also rlun-rtsa Med., are perh. in most cases the same as artery, ace. to the well-known supposition of the ancients, that the veins of dead men, appearing empty, contain air; par-rtsa id., as in the living body it pulsates ; rtsa - nag or Krdg - rtsa, vein, blood-vessel; rtsa-sbubs is mentioned Lt. 147, 10, as a surgical instrument. Some names are more or less clear: mig - rtsa seems to be the Venafac.ext., rtsa-cun Vena jugul.ext., rtsa-cen or rtsa-bo-ce V. saphcna magna, po-mfsan-glu dbus-rtsa V. dorsalis penis, rgyu-grog-rtsa, on the other hand, are the ureters, ni f., which are represented as proceeding from the small intestine. rtsa-rgyus Med. 1. Sch. : 'veins and sinews' (?); rtsa-rgym-^ag an obstruction of the veins S.g. '2. title of a book : Directions how to feel the pulse. rtsa-cus, C. rtsa- dus cramp. rtsa-mdud an inturgescence of the veins. rtsa-ynds Mil. seems to be a net of veins, vascular plexus, any connection of things that may be compared to it, as e.g. the causal connection of the 12 Nida- nas (v. rten- brel sub rten-pa cornp.) rtsa-spun tissue of veins Sch. 2. pulse, so in rtsa ltd-ba, or rtog-pa Med. to feel one's pulse, and mfson-, kan-, or cag-rtsa the feeling one's pulse with the second, third or fourth finger. II. sbst , for rtsd-ba. III. particle in conjunction with nume- rals: 1. gen. connecting the tens with the units, equivalent to and: nyi-su-rtsa-ycig twenty and one; less frq. after brgya and ston, where also dan-rtsa is not unusual, yet examples as the following: S c/. y fol. 5, where the sum of 62, 33, 95 and 112 is stated to be = sum - brgya- rtsa -ynyis, and Pth. p. 34, twice Ina-brgyd-rtsa ycig = ston- dan-rtsa-ynyis, exclude any doubt as to the proper use of the word. 2. inst. of nyi-su-rtsa-ycig to nyi-su-rtsa-dgu, rtsa-ydig etc. is also used by itself, as an abbreviation, e.g. S.g. p. 3, in describing the growth of an embryo from week to week; this use of the word may account for the assump- tion, quite general in W. and C., that rtsa in itself is equivalent to 20, for even Lamas of both districts could be convinced only by an arithmetical proof, that the numbers rtsiva 437 mentioned in the above passages were 302 and 1002, and not 322 and 1022. - 3. In bcu-rtsa nyi-su-rtsa, brgyd-rtsa, without any units following, e.g Tar. 120, 10, the word evidently stands but pleonastically, like fam-pa. XT rtswa (Bal., Pur. rtswa, stswd) C. *tsa*, < Lh., Ld., *sa*, f^uf, grass, herb, plant, rtsa-Kai (or rtsa-rtsei) zil-pa the dew on the grass Glr. ; rtsa nyag ycig a single blade of grass 6s.; sno-yi rtsa, rtsa-snon green grass; rtsa-skdm, and often rtsa alone, hay, rtsa rnd-ba to mow grass, O fu-ba, to gather (grass) ; rtsd-Jca C., W. pasture, pasturage, *sd-l>a gydl-la* W. good pasturage. rtsd- can covered with grass, grassy. rtsa- mcog Kusha-grass Lex., v. ku-sa\ rtsa-mcog (-yrori) town in West Assam, where Bud- dha died Glr.; Kainarupa. rtsa-fdg grass- rope Dzl. rtsa-fun grass-gatherer Sch. rtsa-yddn grass-mat Sch. rtsa-yydb manger Sch. rtsa-ras Sch. 'linen', prop, the same as la-ta q. v. 2. euphemism for rkyay; *tsa tdh-wa* C. to go to stool; rtsa cu bsdams Mil. he suffers from ob- struction and strangury. ,-r"rr rted-ba, I- cf. ftsan and rtsad, Ssk. *rer. 1 . root ( W. com. *6a-%* for it), stalk oT fruits; rtsd-ba Ua five (medicinal) roots, viz. rd-mnye, Icd-ba, nye-sin, a-so (better a-sa)-gandha, yze-ma; rtsd-ba-nas O byin-pa etc. to pull out with the root, to eradicate, extirpate, mostly fig., v. below. 2. the lower end of a stick, trunk of a tree, pillar; md-fog rtsd-ba id. Mil. ; the foot of a hill, mountain-pass, the latter also Id -rtsa W. *ldr-sa*; rtsd-bai zal, lag the lower faces or hands of those images, that represent deities with many faces and hands Glr.; rtsd-bai nos base of a triangle Tar. 204, 1 ; fundament, foundation-pillar, and the like; in later literature and vulgo rtsd-bar and rtsar, rarely (Glr. )rtsd-ru postp. with genit., to, at, e.g. to go to, to come to, to be at, both of persons and things, bud-med-kyi rtsar nydl-ba or more euphem., pyin-pa to go to a woman Glr., sin-gi rtsar, even cui rtsar Glr. ; at, near, to, a tree, river etc. ; so also rtsd-la to, at; rtsd(-bd)-na Glr. and vulgo (incorr.) *tsd-ne* C. at, near; without a case following: rtsar byun-nas coming near, step- ping up to Glr. 3. root fig. origin, primary cause, also yzi-rtsa, e.g. /cor-bai yzi-rtsa fcod-pa Mil. to cut off the root of trans- migration, to deliver a soul from tr.; rtsd- ba-nas Jbyin-pa, O don-pa, O g6g-pa etc., also tsdn-nas, tsdd-nas ^cod-pa etc., to exter- minate (root and branch), to annihilate; on the other hand: rtsa-brddr-ycod-pa Mil., rtsdd-ycod-pa to examine closely, to in- vestigate thoroughly. nyon - mdris - kyi rtsd-ba ysum are the three primary moral evils, viz. O dod-cdgs, ze-sddn, yti-mug; rtsa- brdl therefore' might signify: he who has freed himself from them; but it seems to mean also : without beginning or end, un- limited, e.g. snyin-rje Glr., sems nyid Mil ; dge-bai rtsd-ba, dge-rtsa a virtuous deed, as a cause of future reward, skyed-pa, spyod- pa, byed-pa to perform such a deed; rtsd- bai ... the original, primary, principal . . . , e.g. don, primitive or first meaning Cs.; rtsd-bai nyon-mons-pa Cs.: 'original sin', Sch. : 'sin inherited from former births' ; at all events not identical with the original sin of Christian dogmatics, although the word grammatically might denote it; rtsa (j-bai} rgyud an introductory treatise, giv- ing a summary of the contents of a larger work, e.g. of the rgyud-bzi, mentioned sub brgyud; also title of other works, Ssk. 3R>tdr|, v. Cs. Gram., chronol. table; whether Sch.s translation 'cause and effect' is altogether correct, may admit of some doubt, yet v. below; rtsd-ba datl ^grel-ba Cs. 'text and commentary'; in rtsd-bai ma Thgy. the ge- nitive case stands prob. for the apposition: the mother that is the root of me, in a similar manner as rtsd-bai ran-bzin nature 6s.; rtsd-bai bld-ma seems to denote the teaching priest, the one by whom in any particular case the instruction is given, opp. to brgyud-pa, he to whom it is imparted. A good deal of confusion however prevails here, owing to the ambiguity of the verbal form in brgyud-pa and the variable spelling; 438 rtsd-la v. rgyiid-pa extr. rtsa-for Sch.: 'lower end and top' (?) (should perh. be rtsa-fog); rtsa-mi Tar. 191, 3 is rendered by Schf. with 'Haupt-Mann', principal man. rtsa- Idg (Schr.: root and branches) Lex. -3^ relations, kindred; rtsa-lag-can having re- lations, rtsa-lag-med without relations Cs. rtsa-ses Sch.: primitive wisdom. 4. symb. num.: 9. II. v. rtsa vein. Note, rfea, vein, is traced by Tibetan scholars back to rtsd-ba, the veins being the 'roots of life' ; in a dictionary the words are better treated separately. rtsd-la v. rtsd-ba I, 2. " rtsan = rtsd-ba seldom, v. rtsd-ba I, 3. , brag-gi Lt. (W. *gag-cig*). sfj-' rtsad = rtsd-ba root, rtsdd-nas ycod-pa ' Mil. to root out, to eradicate; rtsad f cod-pa, = rtsa-toddr ycod-pa, = fsar and ysar ^cod-pa, to search, investigate Mil. ; gar bzugs rtsad bcdd-nas to inquire, search for a person's place of abode Pth. 3f3*3!^T r * sa b} rtsab-rtsab v. tsab- tsub. rtsa ^ s ferment, barm, yeast, prepared of barley-flour; rtsabs-ttur a sweetish sort of bread, made up with it Ld. ; rtsdbs- mo a beverage brewed from roasted meal (rtsdm-pd) and water, and made to ferment by adding butter-milk, esp. liked in winter; also called btsdy-mo; zo^rtsabs Sch. milk- brandy, not known to us. "35* rtsabs-ru-fsaLt. n. of a medicine. rtsdm-pa, I. sbst. 1 . roast-flour, flour from roasted grain, O bras-rtsam of rice, gro^rtsam of wheat, nas-rtsam of barley, this last the most common; stirred with water, beer, or tea into a pap, it is the usual food in C. rtsdm-Jbm roast-flour and grain = victuals in gen. Kun. rtsdm- rin the price of flour Sch. 2. urine Lt. rtsam-mdog colour of urine. II. vb. v. rtsdm-pa. $*\ rtsar v. rtsd-ba I, 2. i'q- rtsal 1. skill, dexterity, adroitness, ac- complishment; in the first place physical Skill, lag -rtsal- can of a skilful, practised h;md W. ; sgyu-rtsdl id., stobs daii sgyu-rtsdl strength and dexterity Glr. , skilfulness; rtsal(dan} lddn(-pa) skilful, expert, adroit, rtsal-med the contrary; rtsal ^ran-pa to vie in skill, rtsal sbyon-ba to practise, or improve one's self in skill Mil.; rtsal sor all skill is gone, rgud id. Sch. ; stobs-(kyi) rtsal, Lex. mj3i*T? strength, energy, mfu- rtsdl and rtsal - mfu prob. id. Dzl , S.g. ; rtsal- ce-ba or rtsal-po-ce adroit as a gym- nastic, wrestler etc.; also sbst. athlete, jugg- ler etc. Dzl.\ rtsdl-gyi mcoris a gymnastic feat Lex. ; rtsal-sbyon bodily exercise, nim- bleness, agility, bdn-rtsal-sbyon nimbleness in running, ysog-rtsal-sbyoh agility in flying Mil.; cu-rtsdl feats performed in the water; the art of swimming Pth.; vulgo W. also for natural, innate abilities: mig-rtsal-mKan keen-sighted, mig- rtsal nyams of a weak sight; rtsal-fon Sch 'skilful, masterly' (?) 2. in later times used in a special sense of skill, expertness in contemplation, cf. sgom- pa; so frq. with Mil.; byah-cub-sems-kyi rtsal ysum\ lam-^gag-med-kyi rtsdl-ka such accomplishments 'as will clear the road', ascetical terms familiar only to the initiated. rtsds-ma v. btsds-ma. rtsi 1. all fluids of a somewhat greater consistency, such as the juice of some fruits, paints, varnish etc., rtsi- can viscid, sticky, clammy; ' ; tsi gydg-pa* 6'., *sigydb-ce y ku-ce, tdn-ce* W. to colour, to paint, *tsi tdn-wa* C. also to solder; ldab-pa(?} Sch. to lacker, to varnish; sbrdn-rtsi honey; ndd- kyi rkyen rtsi a medical draught, potion Dzl. y*, 7, (another reading: sman); bdud- rtsi nectar; tson-rtsi painter's colour, dkdr- rtsi white-w^ash, ndg-rtsi black paint, dmdr- rtsi red paint; *ser-tsi f C. gilding, *nul-tsi* silvering C. 2. applied to external ap- pearance: *don-si* W. complexion; even spa rtsi ojam Ka-dog legs -pa de this cane, as to its outside smooth, as to colour beauti- ful Mil. (unless rtsi be = shell, bark, rind?) 439 rtsi-ba rtsis rtsi-fog juicy fruit; rtsi-sin 1. fruit-tree Pth. 2. tree, in gen. Glr. and elsewh., frq. rtsi-gu fruit-kernel, the kernel in a fruit- stone (not the latter itself Sch.); W. for *fsi-gu* } q.v. ; rtsi- gu-mar-nag oil extracted from the stones of apricots ; rtsi-mdr Lt. id. s-*q- rtsi-ba, pf. (b)rtsis, fut brtsi, imp. (b)rtsi(s) 1. to count, *si-te bor-ce* W. to pay down, money; cf. also rtsis. 2. to count, reckon, calculate, mi re-la pul re- rei fdd-du reckoning a handful to each Dzl; zag sum-cu-la zld-ba ycig, zld-ba bcu-ynyis- la lor rtsi-ba to reckon a month at 30 days, a year at 12 months Thgy.; mi-lo-ltar rtsi- ba to count by the years of a man Thgy.; gait, bzah rtsi-ba to calculate which (day) be a propitious one Glr.; dus rtsi-ba to reckon up, to compute the time Mil', *ce- min <ldl-la si-ce* W. to reckon among the adults; yon-tan-la skyon-du rtsi-ba to con- sider good qualities as faults, = ltd-ba I, 2; brdun rtsi he may be reckoned to strike, i.e. he is very likely to strike, threatens to strike C.; brtsis zin l . the account is closed, the bill is ready. 2. product, sum total. ^"0," rtsiu n. of a plant, = pri-ydn-ku Wdn. rtsig-pa 1. vb.,pf. (b)rtsigs,i\Jii. brtsig, imp. (b)rtsig(s), 1. to build, whether of stone or of wood, /can-pa. 2. to wall up, sgo a door Glr. II. sbst wall, ma- sonry. Comp. rtsig-skydbs Stg. is said to be = rtsig-rmdn. rtsig-hos side of a wall. rtsig-rdo stone for building. rtsig-dpon master-mason, architect. rtsig-pur a peg in a wall, wall-hook, to hang up things. rtsig-rmdn fundament of a wall. rtsig- zur edge or ledge of a wall Thgy. rtsig- bzo-pa brick-layer, mason. rtsig-yyog journeyman mason. rtsigs, Sch. : ''rtsigs-ce very gracious and well-affected' (?), prob. should be rtsis-ce q. v. no. 3. rtsigs-ma turbid matter, sediment, impurity, = tsigs-ma S.g. rtsin-ba adj. and sbst., coarse, clumsy, rough, rude; coarseness etc., B.; rtsin- po B. and C., rtsih-ge C., W. id., but only ac lj -5 Pye coarse meal, grits (opp. to zib- po, O jdm-po); spyod-pa rtsin-ba of rude man- ners Glr. a-zvrj- rtsid-pa the long hair of the yak, rtsid- fdgs = re-fdgs coarse cloth manufac- tured of it; rtsid-stdn saddle-cloth Mil.] rtsid-gur tent-covering made of it. ynf^TV&r rtsib(s)-ma 1. rib, rtsib-mai bdr- nas from between the ribs Glr.; rtsib-logs yyas yyon all the ribs of the right and left side Dzl ; rtsib-logs nd-ba pain about the ribs Do. ; rtsib - rin the upper ribs(?) 2. spoke of a wheel, frq.; rtsib- kyi mu-Kyud fellies composing the rim of a wheel Cs.; in ornamental designs the rtsib- ma are often fanciful figures, supplying the radii of the circle; further: the sticks or ribs of a parasol, canopy etc. Glr. ; the spars of a felt-tent, the ribs or futtocks of a boat Schr. rtsib-ri n. of a mountain, = sri-ri. >*tsis 1. counting, numbering, numeration, rtsis -las O das-pa innumerable Mil.; *bod si-la, mon-si-la* W. according to Ti- betan, according to Indian counting or com- putation of time (is to-day the twentieth); "mi-si, don-si* W. numbering of the people, of the domiciliated; *mdg-si tdn-ce* W. to hold a numbering of military forces. 2. account, rtsis byed-pa Glr., O debs-pa Mil., c/ydb-pa C., W. *kor-ce, (l}ta-ce* to calculate, to compute, rtsis-su sbydr-ba to count to- gether, to sum up Dzl; calculation, compu- tation (beforehand), scheme; *zag nyi-su- la O gro- (or ca-rtsis yod)* W. in about 20 days we calculate, i.e. we intend, to go; *sin-ta gyug-si yod-pe dus-fsod-la* Ld. at the hour, when according to their calcu- lation the carriage was to start; rtsis-kyis for rtsis byds-nas) no-ses-pa to find by com- putation Glr. skdr-rtsis astrology, astro- nomy; dkdr-rtsis, ndg-rtsis, ace. to Cs.: In- dian and Chinese astronomy and chrono- logy. 3. estimation, esteem, rtsis-po cen- po byed-pa to value, to make much of, lus- kyi rtsis-po-ce one that makes much of his own body, by indulging and adorning it Thgy.\ rtsis-'ftsis byed-pa Sch. id.; de-la bla- 440 rtsis-pa 'J' rtsed-pa Ihdg-tu rtsis-su byed he respected her be- yond measure Tar., Schf, *si-rug* vulgo W. for rtsis in most of its significations. rtsis-pa 1. also rtsis-mKan mathe- matician, astronomer, soothsayer; ac- countant 6s. 2. n. pr. rtsis-pa a-mgron secular, rtsis-pa mgron-ynyer spiritual name of the late Resident of the Sikim govern- ment at Darjeeling, called by the English Cheboo Lama, f 1866, v. Hooker Journ. - rtsis-dpon a chief mathematician, chief accountant, receiver general Cs. rtst/b-pa I. vb. to revile, abuse, v. nor rtsub-pa sub no. ' II. adj., com. rtsub-po, rtsub-mo Ssk, , uneven, rough, rugged, of the skin, cloth etc.; coarse-grained, powder; rough, wild, dreary, countries, ron-rtsub with wild ravines Glr.; bristly, hair; harsh, tart, astringent, of taste Med. ; also applied to any thing of a highly aromatic, pricking, pungent or acerb taste, such as onions and similar vegetables, liable to cause both dietetic and religious scruples; rtsub-zds food of this description; in music: strong, forte; of sentiment and be- haviour: rude, unfeeling, regardless, callous S.g. t Glr. rtse (- mo ) ! P0' n t top, peak, summit, Kan-, gri-, ri-, sin-rtse, or Kan-pai etc., rtse-mo gable of a house, point of a knife, top of a hill, head of a tree; of con- vents, royal palaces, resp.: dbu-rtse Glr.', Id-rise, W. *ldr-se* (cf. rtsd-ba I, 2.) *ld-se* summit of a mountain-pass; rise dan logs- su terminal and lateral Wdn. ; rtse-sgro Glr. flag- feather, pinion; za rtse-rin hat with a high crown Tar.; rtseycil-ba Sch.: to break off the point, to blunt; rtse-reg-ce Mil. very sensitive, touchy, not to be touched with the tip of the finger. 2. point, particular spot, rtse ycig-tu ltd-ba to look at one point; also adv., to look steadily, unremittingly, as: rdn-gi grib-ma-la rtse-ycig-tu ltd-ba Wdn., also Tar. frq. ; sems rtse ycig-tu byed-pa to direct the mind to one point, frq.; sems rtse- ycig-tu byds-pai tih-ne- dzin-lazvgs-te DzL; aim, fse O dii rtse ycig as this life's only aim Mil. rtse-ba, pf. rtses, imp. rtse(s), (different from brtse-ba) \. to play mig-mdn at chess Dzl; to sport, to frolic, used also of animals Dzl. ; rtse bro yton-ba to run to and fro, playing and skipping, of deer Mil.; to joke, to jest, rtse-zin dgd- ba, rtse-dgd spydd-pa id. ; *ydn(s)-pa se-ce* W. id.; to enjoy, amuse, divert one's self, to take recreation, fsal-gyi nan-du rtser son they went on a pleasure party into the woods Dzl. ; euphem. of cohabitation, O di dan rtse-bar byao Pth. I mean to enjoy her. Comp. rtse-mfcan player, gambler, game- ster. rtse-grogs, rtsed- grogs play-mate. rtse-dgd v. above. rtse-rgod sport and laughter. rtse-sa play-ground, place of amusement. rtse-sems a mind fond of play ; Kyod - hyis rtse - sems yin mod Kyati though you may still relish pleasures Pth. 2. to touch, W. *ldg-pa ma se* do not touch it with your hand. 3. to Shudder (cf. spu). rtse-cim = rtsa-cun, Vena jugularis externa. rtseg-pa, pf. (b~)rtsegs, fut. brtseg, imp rtsog, W. *sdg-ce(s}* 1. to lay one thing on or over another, to pile up, stack up, build up, wood, boards ; to put slices of meat on bread ; fig. : nd-ro ynyis brtseg two 'naro' one above the other, ^, Gram.; gen. double; Kan-pa rtsegs-pa 1. 'a house of two stories' = a stately building, palace; by this word Wdn. explains Kan-bzdii, v. bzdn- po. 2. ace. to other Lexx., an apartment built on another, an upper chamber; balcony on the roof of a house, ^T^rn;; rgya-grdm brtsegs-pai mcod-rten a chod-ten with a cross (v. rgya-grdm) on the top Pth. 2. to tuck up ? clothes 6s. 3. dbugs rtsegs-pa, gyen-du dbugs^-kyis} rtseg-pa Med., short- breathed, asthmatic, panting, gasping, from fright etc., or as a sign of approaching death. dkon(-mcog} brtsegs(-pa) ; ^ffiqsg title of a book. rtsen-ba, pf. brtsens, fut. brtsen, imp. (b)rtson(s} to tuck up, truss up. yc'^r rtsed-pa I. also rtsen-pa, = rtse-ba to play; rtsed rtse-ba id.; rtsed -mo 441 rtsed-ma stsoUa play, game, dgd-bai rtsed-mo byed-pa Dzl.] glu gar rtsed-mo byed-pa to sing, dance and play Glr.; rtsed-mo toy, byis-pai chil- dren's toy Mil; rtsed-mo-can playful, sportive, merry 6s.; rkydl-, gar-, gri-, col-, mcon-, rtd-rtsed the sport of swimming, dancing, fencing, dicing, leaping, riding Cs. ; yyen- rtsed play, amusement, diversion; rtsed-dgd id. Sch.; to-to-lin-lin rtsed q.v.; rtsed- jo, rtsen- jo, W. * sen-jo* sport, public amuse- ment, popular pleasure; fzon-nu rtsed- Joi fsogs-kyis bskdr-nas surrounded by a number of youthful playmates; *sen-jo tdn-ce* W. to arrange a sport. II. to varnish (?). rtsed-ma the disagreeable feeling in the teeth produced by acids Sch.; rsed-am a shivering, cold shudder Sch. v. rtse-ba 3. rtsed-mo, rtsen-pav.rtsed-pa. rtsen-gog Mil , ace, to Sch.: calf of the leg. rtses v. rtse-ba. rtsdg(s)-pa v. brtsog-pa. rtsod-lddn n. of a certain era or period of the world v. dus 6. rtsod-pa, I. vb., pf. brtsad to contend, to fight with arms DzL; with words: to dispute, debate, wrangle, frq., dan with, la about; rtsod-cin mi-snydn rjod-pa to speak evil words, to use bad language, in quarreling. II. sbst. dispute, contention, quarrel; dis- putation Glr. ; rtsod-pa O grdn-pa to compete in disputation Glr. fsdd-mai rtsod-pa a learned debate about words; rtsod-pa-rnams points of controversy Tar. 132,18, Schf. rtsod-yzi the subject of a disputation. rfeo X~ ma ) P ur - nausea, vomiting, *rtson pog* he grows sick ; *rtson- cas* to be sick, to vomit. rtsom-pa J.vb., pf. (b^rtsams, rtsoms, fut. brtsam, imp. rtsom(s) 1. to begin, commence a work, to be about, to set about an undertaking; Jtrros-par brtsdms-te being about to run away DzL; cos-las brtsdms-te rtsod-do it was about religion that our dis- pute began Tar.; no -log brtsdms-pa-las beginning, stirring up an insurrection Glr. ; de'-nas brtsdms-te beginning at this place, from here, from that time (cf. bzuns-te sub bzun-ba). 2. to make, to accomplish, yso-bai las mi brtsdm-mo so he will not accomplish the business of healing; com. to compose, to draw up, in writing, bstdn- bcos rtsom-mi author, writer, composer Pth. ; brtson- grus rtsom-pa Dzl. frq., to work diligently, carefully; to take pains, to exert one's self, rtsom-par, or rtsdm-pa-la mfcds- pa a clever writer, an elegant composer, which title in Tibet is applied to any one, that exhibits in his style high-sounding bombast with a flourish of religious phrases ; cad rtsod rtsom ysum-gyi bsad-gra Glr. prob. a school, in which religion is taught and explained, combined with disputations and written compositions. Il.sbt. beginning, commencement (^n"t*T)> rtsom-pa dan-po the first beginning Ld.- Glr.; a doing, proceeding, undertaking, deed Tar. rtsol-ba 1. vb. to endeavour, to take pains, to give diligence; rtsdl-bar adv. diligently, zealously; Kyod-kyis rtsol-bai dus- la bob now you must use dispatch Pth.; rtsol- med unsought, rtsol-med O gro-bai don byed- pa to seek the welfare of beings without their caring for it Glr.; srog rtsdl-ba Lex. and Mil., ace. to Sch. : to draw breath, to take fresh courage, which seems to be im- plied by dbugs rtsdl-ba Ma.; nyal-po rtsol drag(-nd) if cohabitation is immoderately indulged in Med. 2. sbst. zeal, endeavour, exertion, rtsdl-ba skyed-pa to use diligence Zam. stsol-ba, pf. and fut. stsol (*sol-wa, sdl-wa*), 1. to give, bestow, grant, when the person that gives is respectfully spoken to, much the same as ynan-ba q.v. ; stsdl-du ysol please to give, to grant etc. Dzl.; bddg-gi Idm-rgyags stsol cig pray, give me provisions (provender) for the journey Dzl.\ to give back, to return what had been lentD^.; to grant, bestow, afford, give (as 28* 442 brtsdd-pa ' fsa-cu a present) ; also for yton-ba to send, to send out, so at least in W. ; further: W. *}a saZ, su-gu saZ, deb-sal* please to give me some tea, to lend me some paper, pray, give me change; or more pressingly: *)a sal gos* I earnestly request you for some tea etc., I entreat you to . . . ; *sal mi gos* I thank you, I do not want it; bkd-stsal-ba v. sub bka; dnos-grub stsol-ba to bestow spiritual gifts (?). 3. sometimes incorr. for bsdl-ba to clean, to clear, to remove DzL brtsdd ~P a > brtsdm-pa v. rtsod-pa, rtsom-pa, sometimes incorr. for btsdd-pa, btsdm-pa. brtse-ba vb. to love, sbst. love, affec- tion, kindness, nearly the same as bydms-pa, frq. preceded by snyin, resp. fugs, q.v.; brtse-bas out of love, kindness, e. g. yndn-ba to give something out of love ; with love, lovingly, kindly, e. g. skyon - ba to protect; brtse-bai fsig words of love, kind exhortations Glr. ; brtse-bai pyag-bris your very kind letter; snyin-brtse-ba, resp. fugs- brtse-ba = brtse-ba; brtse-ba- can, brtse-lddn loving, affectionate, kind; brtse(-bd)-med(-pa} unkind, unmerciful, ungracious; brse-ydun love, affection, pa-md brtse-ydun ce yah ci zig bya what could even parental love do? Glr.; lha-prug yzon-nui brtse-ydun de this proof of love on the part of young god- desses towards me Mil. r-rr brtson-pa 1. vb. with la, to strive, to aim at, to exert one's self for, fsogs-pa-la an accumulation of merits, frq. ; brtson-par byed-pa, or O gyur-ba, also with mnon-par preceding it; to apply one's self, Ids-la to business, fugs-ddm-la to medita- tion Dzl, Mil. 2. sbst. (Ssk. -f^, virtus') endeavour, effort, care, exertion, byd-ba-la brtson-pa alacrity, readiness to act Wdn.; more frq. brtson-^rus v. below. 3. adj. = brtson-pa-can, brtson-lddn Mil. , diligent, assiduos, studious, sgrub(-pd)-la eager to ob- tain power over demons Mil.; brtson-par on purpose, with intention, wilfully; as sbst. mostly brtson- grus, with skyed-pa, byed-pa, rtsom-pa to use diligence, to show energy, zeal etc.; brtson- grus drdg-po intense appli- cation; brtson- (jrus-can assiduous, studious, brtson- grus nydms-te Stg. having lost one's energy. 1. the letter fsa, the aspirate of x$ (cf. 6), sounded fs. 2. num. fig. : 18. ^. fsa, 1. hot, v. fsa-ba. 2. grandchild, v. fsd-bo. 3. v. fsa- fsa. 4. resp. illness, complaint C. ; fswa salt, fswa O debs-pa to salt, with la; * *fsa nyen-ce* W. to taste, to try, food prepared with salt; Jca-ru-fswa alum Med.; rgya-fswa sal-am m n iac .1A</. : Ice-myan-tswa alum Lt.; rdo-fswa rock-salt Cs.; ba-fswa impure soda, v. Id-mo. bod-fswa Lt. ? Idn-fswa = fswa. fswa-Ka salt mine Cs. - *fsa-(Ku-)can* W. saline, salinous. fswa-sgo place where salt is found. *fsa- tse sal-ammoniac C. *fsa-cu* salt-water, brine; ace. to some, vinegar (?). * tsa-skor v. fsd-bo. fsa-Kdn v. fsa-fsd. fsa- Jcru v. fsa-ba. fsd-ga- bu, also cd-ga- bu, fsag- fsdg grasshopper, locust C. " fsa-fdg-ma thick blanket, quilt 6'. fsa-cu v. fsa-ba. fswa-cu 443 fsd-le >*<5' fswa-cu v. fswa. fsa-drdg haste, hurry, *fsa-ddg jhe sz<7* 6'., *fsa-rag ton* W. make haste! adv. fsa-drdg-tu Sch. but also *wa fsa- rdg sog* W. come quickly, without delay! fsd-sna anxiety about, tender care for a thing, ni.f; *fsa-na-can* W. SOli- citous, careful, attached, *fsa-na-med-fcan* W. indifferent, unfeeling, callous; Kdn-pe *fsd-na ftur-Kan* W. one that has to care for the welfare of a household or community, superintendent etc. ' fsa-sndg Sch. = sndg-fsa ink. fsa-pan-tseC. dresser, kitchen-table. fsd-big Ld. a little. t'sd-ba I. vb. to be hot, so-ga-(la) nyi- mai ^od-zer rdb-(tu-) fsd-bas as at the time of the Soga the rays of the sun are very hot. II. sbst. 1. heat, fsd-bas ydun-ba to be tormented by the heat S.g.; fsd-bai dus-su during the heat of the day, at noon, cf. dro Mil.; fsd-ba ni bsii-bar gyur-to the heat changed into coolness Dzl. ; fsa yzer-ba the burning of the heat, or of the sun Sch. ; fsd-bai nadLt. the fever-stage in diseases; fsa sel- ba to cure an acute disease Sch.; fsd-bas rmyd-ba to lose one's appetite in conse- quence of great heat Sch. 2. warm food, ster-ba, O dren-pa Mil. ; fsa-ycig-ma one that in twenty-four hours takes but one regular meal. 3. spice, condiment, fsd-ba ysum f^Z3b black pepper, long pepper, ginger. III. adj. (vulgo *fsem-mo* C., *fsdn-te* W.) 1 . hot, warm. 2. sharp, biting, pungent, of spices etc. 3. stinging, prickly, thorny Pth. Comp. fsa- Jem colic, gripes Lt. fsa- goh forenoon Sch. fsa-grah \. hot and cold. 2. (relative) warmth. *f*an-gyaF W. inflammatory fever. fsa-lcib v. Icib. - * fsa- CM* 1. a hot spring C. 2. a warm bath C. fsa-bra dinner Sch.(?) fsa- mig red pepper Ld. *fsem-mo C. hot, warm. fsa-dmydl hot hell. fsa-zer 'glowing ray', po. for sun. *tsan-ldn* W. hot, passionate, ardent; in the rut fsa-lam Sch.: half a day's journey, a march before breakfast, = fsal-mai lam. fsa- bsubs Lt? fsa-60, resp. db6n-po B., sku-fsa C. 1. grandchild, grandson, Ld. *mc-mt- fsa-wo*. 2. nephew, brother's son Dzl.; Ld.: *d-zdn-fsa-wo*. bu-fsa v. bu\ ydn- fsa great-grandchild, yun-tsa great -great- grandchild, ^'-fsaid. Sch. fsa-skor grand- children Sch. fsd-mo l. granddaughter. 2. niece. 3. wife Lh. fsa-zdri nephew and uncle Mil. fsa-yzug nephews and nieces Sch. fsa - yug grandchildren , fsa - yug mdn-poi co-lo the many grandchildren's tattling Mil. ; offspring, in gen., bu-fsa-yiig id. W., C.; *fsd-wo fsa-yug ydn-fsa yith-fsa* W. children and children's children. tsa-mig v. fsd-ba comp. fsd-mo 1. v. tsd-ba. 2. v. fsd-bo. fsd-fsa 1. little images of Buddha, and conical figures, moulded of clay and used at sacrifices Schl. 194,206; fsd-Kan place for keeping them Cs. ; fig. M-nas me- yi fsd-fsa O pro from his mouth proceeded cones of fire Pth. 2. Bal. for fsa-drdg hastily, quickly; fsa-fsa-med slow, slowly. fsa-fzug v. fsd-bo. * fsd-zar v. tsd-dar. fsa-rdg v. fsa-drdg. fsa-ru Iamb-Skin, *fsar-ldg* W. coat made of lamb-skins. fsd-Za a kind of medicine Med., ace. to Wdn. = dar-fsur. fsa-Zw 1. also mtsa - Zw(?) COCk, bya (-po)-fsd-lu Wdn., C.; in W. applied only to red-breasted cocks, from wfsaJ ver- milion (Sch. hen?). 2. v. fsdl-ba. fsa-lum-pa C. sweet orange, frq. in Sik. fsd-le 1. Ssk. T, lid. T^n, Pers. Ar. borax, fsd-lei skyur- 444 fsag rtsi boracic acid Cs. ; fsa-le byed-pa to solder Sch.(?). 2. fsd-le zdh-po Lh., n. of a flower, Hemwocallis fulva. grn- fsag, 1. v. fsa^s. 2. fsdg - sgra an 1 appalling tone &&(?); *fsaggyab* W. a stinging pain is felt. 3. *fsag-t c ug, fsag- yd* W. twins; *fsag-lug* twin-sheep. -/_ ... fsdg-pa (cf. O fsdg-pa), mar fsdg-pa oil-miller M. fsdg-ma sieve, filter, also fecwjrs. q.v. *fsag-re* bolting-cloth, bolter C. , W. fsag - ro residuum after sifting, as bran etc. fsag - fsig dark spots or speckles, on wood etc. MY.; freckles C. fsag-fse bruised barley or wheat Sch. fsdg-sa flesh of larger animals, of cattle etc. fsags 1- cap, gos-fsdgs coat and cap Dzl. 2. = fsag -ma, fsags - kyis, btsagsLex.', ko-fsdgs a sieve made of leather, the one most in use; fcrol-fsdgs = fsdg-ma Lea;. ; nya-fsdgs weel , for catching fish C. 3. thin-split bamboo, for making baskets Sik. 4. Sch. : 'the right sort, a choice ar- ticle, fsags -bzdh byds-nas making a good choice'. 5. density (?) *f sag-can, fsag-fug- mo* W. standing close together, e. g. trees, books; fsags-ddm dense and strong, as stuffs Sch. ; so tsags-dam-zin the teeth standing close and firm Glr.', *fsag co-te dug* sit close together! Ld.; fsags-lhod not dense or compact Sch.', relative density. Q. fsags byed-pa (W. *c6-ce*}, fsdgs-su )ug- pa and cud-pa Mil. to save, spare, lay up as provision for the future, fse pyi-mai grabs ci yah fsdgs-su ma cud I have not made any provision yet for the future life MY.; to economize, to be sparing, me -la of the fire; to be niggardly; fsdgs- dod-can stingy, griping, avaricious. ^^- fsan 1. nest, bydrfsan S.g. ; fsan bzo-ba to build a nest Sch.', den, hole, lair, kennel, burrow, stdg-fsan, wd-fsan, pyi-fsan (cf. pyi-ba); cell, honey-comb, hive, sbrdn- fsan Cs. 2. variously applied to human places of abode: ynas-fsan habitation, house; fsan O cd-ba to build a nest, to establish a fsah-ra household Schr.', grwa-fsan v. grwa\ *fab- fsdn* in W. the common word for kitchen, ysol-Kan being the resp. term for it; fsdn- zla perh. brothers and sisters, beside pa- ma Mil. 3. v. O tsdn-ba. ' fsdn-nu cradle Sch. fsdn-ba I. vb., pf. fsans, to be complete, full, entire, zld-ba dgu fsdn-ba-na, fsdn-ba dan, fsdn(s)-nas when the nine months were full, completed Dzl., zld-ba fsan - du nye - bos towards the end of the months of pregnancy Dzl. ; *dd-wa fsan son = bud son* W. the month is completed, is expired; rgydl-po ycig (also ycig-gis) ma fsdn-ba-la as one king was still wanting, the number not being yet complete Dzl.; fsan-nas yod they are complete (in number) Pth. II. sbst. (seldom) completeness, entire- ness, yin-min-gyi(s) ma-fsdn-ba byun-na when there is no completeness, no absolute certainty as to right and wrong. III. adj. 1. complete, entire; morefrq.: 2. having things complete, yon - tan de - fso fsdn-bai bit-mo a girl in full possession of all these qualities Pth. ; lea-dog Ina tsaii-ba having all the five colours complete Glr.; dbdn-po ma-fsdn-ba one notinfull possession of his five senses Glr. tsdh-ma I. whole, entire, perfect (the usual adjective form), bya-pi*ug tsdh-ma zig a perfect young bird, i.e. perfectly developed Dzl. 2. esp. W. all, for tams-cdd. *fsdh-ka* W. all to- gether, in all, with regard to smaller numbers. fsdn-po forming a whole. fsah-skdm perfectly dry, fsan-rlon perfectly wet; fsah- O gng all right, frq., *fsan-dig)he'-pa or c6- ce* W. fsa n- fs > Cs - : wood > 9 rove c P se ' thicket; Sch.: a wild, dismal place; fsah-fsih Jcrigs-pa Sch.: 'dense thicket; horrible and awful'; 'fsah-fsih srid-pai ynas the horrible existence in the external world Mil. " fsan-yd double-barreled gun C. and W. fsan-ra v. n fsan-ra, fsans 445 fsad fsans, W. *ku-lig-gi fsans*, key-hole, col. for mfsams (?). _r__..,pj. fsdns-pa (evid. preterite of O fsdn- ba) 1. purified, clean, pure, holy, fsdns-par yyur cig prob. be clean! be for- given ! Dzl. 9&%, 1 3 ; ^gyod- fsans, mfol-fsdns, v. the two; fsdns-par spyod-pa, fsdns-pai spydd-pa spyod-pa, fsdns-par mf suns-par spyod-pa I. to be clean, chaste, holy, to do what is right, to lead an honest, upright life. 2. to be a priest, to belong to a holy order, and as sbst. priest, cleric ; mi-fsans- par spydd-pa, not to be clean, chaste etc., esp. with bud-med-la to commit one's self with a woman Mil. fsatis-skud, Sch.: 'holy cord, the bond of spirits' (?) fsans- fig equator, prob. of C's.'s construction, cf. dgun extr. 2. ^|r, Brahma, an Indian deity transplanted into Buddhism ; he is oc- casionally called lha cen-po ((r/r.) and pro- verbial for his melodious voice, yet other- wise not of any consequence. fsdns-pai bu-ga = mfsog-ma Med., Pth. ? fsad (cf. fsod) 1. measure, a. in a general ' sense, size: ce-cun-gi fsdd-la according to the size, in size Glr.', mi-fsad size of a (full-grown) man Tar. ; sku-fsdd stature, size of body, resp. Glr.', zld-bai dkyil-Jior-gyi fsad the size of the moon's disk Stg. ; stobs gyad stdbs-po-cei fsdd-du pyin-te his strength was equal to that of a powerful athlete Dzl. ; *tu sum-cui fsad co gos* W. make it thirty cubits in size ; fcam-fsdd-du ycod-pa to cut into bits piecemeal Dzl.; cu-rgyun fcyab- fsdd-du as far as the waters covered it Tar.; nom-fsad(-du) O tun-ba to drink one's fill; ynds-fsad seems to express chronology Wdk.\ mnan-tsad direction how the pulse is to be felt (or pressed) Med.; Kyed-rnams-kyi cds- bslab-fsad according to your view of reli- gious studies Mil. ; drd-fsad thermometer, gran-droi fsad id.; yan-lcii fsad barometer; mfo-dman-gyi fsad scale for the rising and falling (of the barometer) ; all these appear to be proposals of Cs. for the respective physical terms; pa-fsdd distance (v. sub /all); fsad-med(-pa) unmeasured, immea- surable, innumerable, e.g. yon-tan Dzl ; fsad- med(-pa) bzi the four immeasurables (viz. merits): bydms-pa, snyi/i-rje, dkd-ba and btan-snydm Dom.,spyod-pa to practise them, fob-pa to attain to them Dzl.', na-bas mi fsad yzan yah an infinity of others besides me Mil. b. the full measure, which is not short of the proper quantity, standard, fsdd-du p'yin-pa, skye-ba (Sch. also Jcyol-ba) to grow, so as to reach the proper measure; fsdd- du skyes-pa grown up, full-sized, adj. Dzl.] *fse' zdg-pa* to set up a pattern, or as a pattern 6'. fsad-lddn right (as weight), about the same as 'gaged', just, fair, with regard to persons (ni f.) C. c. the right measure, which does not ex- ceed the proper quantity: fsdd-ycod-pa to limit, bed-cod the enjoyment Mil.\ bza-btuh- la to observe the proper measure in eating and drinking, *fse > dzim-pa, or zdg-pa* C. id.; f sad-las O dd-ba, fdl-ba to exceed the proper measure frq. ; yid-pdm-pa-la fsdd- las O dds-pa yon the dejection increases to an excess Mil. To 1, a. may be referred d. those instances in which the word assum- ing the character of an affix serves to form abstract nouns, such as ydens-fsdd, or rtogs- fsdd, Mil. in several passages (cf. also fsod) further to 1, b may be reckoned e. the sig- nification all, dge-ba byed fsad all the pious Pth., to which also Tar. 54, 15 may be re- ferred; sna-fsdd of every kind, of all sorts Glr.; *ze fse' cu'-du son C. all his eating agreed with him extremely well; O dir Iddm- bu-ba byun fsad all the beggars that show themselves here Mil. ; mi yons fsad all the people that come; swan fsad cos-skur Jar all that happens appears as cds-sku Glr.', ysun fsad all that is ordered, proclaimed Sch. ; fsogs fsad all the people assembled Sch. ; and f. enough, esp. with a negation: O dra-ba mi fsad not having enough of the comparisons, not resting satisfied with them; *ma fsdd-de* W. = ma zdd-de B. not only. 2. a certain definite measure, in com- pounds : dpag-fsdd a mile, sor-fsdd an inch : also pleon. Kru-fsad an ell Cs. = kru. 3. goal, mark, the point to which racers run C. 446 fsdd-pa fsab 4. tsad rgydg - pa to guess, conjecture, suppose Sch., cf. fsod. 5. sometimes for fsdd-pa heat; for fsad-ma logic, dbu-fsdd Madhyamika logic Tar. 179, 17, Schf. ^r-q- fsdd-pa I. sbst. 1. heat, in gen.; ftdrf- ' >a byuti-fse when it grows hot G/r. ; fsdd-pas ydun-ba to be tormented by the heat Glr." fsdd-pas, or vulg. fsdd-pa-nas, pog-pa to be struck by the heat, to receive a sun-stroke ; also to be taken ill with dys- entery, to which the Tibetans, used to the dry atmosphere of the northern Himalaya, are very liable, when during summer they venture into the southern subtropical re- gions; fsdd-can hot, e.g. yul; fsad-lddnprob. id.; me-bum fsdd-can, Lt. a hot cupping- glass (?). 2. morbid heat of the body, fever ( W. *fsan-zug*} ; fsad-pai nod id., but also dysentery, v. above Glr., C. '; fsad-pa zag- ynyis-ma tertian fever Schr.; gya-fsc' Sik. Indian or jungle-fever; *ron-fst/* Sik com- mon intermittent fever. II. vb. Cs.: to measure, = fsdd-du byed-pa, fsad Jdl-ba. fsdd- bu grasshoppier, locust Sch. fsdd-ma, umiij Cs.: 'measure, rule, model, proof, argument; logic'; fsdd- ma-pa, or -mtfan, Cs. logician, dialectitian; fsdd-mai bstan-bcds a dialectical work Pth. ; fsad-ma yzuh an original work on dialectics Cs. ; fsdd-ma O grel-ba commentary to it Cs. ; saits-rgyds-kyi bka f sad-mar bzdg-pa the words of Buddha reduced to a dogmatical system (?) Pth. fsdd-ma kun- dus, fsdd-ma sde bdun titles of books mentioned by Was. g fsan, 1. a root = fsa in fsd-ba hot, warm C. andZ?.; fsdn-mo (^fsem-mo*\ in W. *fsdn-te*, e.g. with cu, *cu fsem-mo* C., *cu- tsdn* W., hot water Dzl., warm water Lt.; zan-dron fsdn-mo warm food Lt.] cu-skol fsdn-mo boiling w r ater Mng.; *sa tst-pa fsem- mo* boiled meat, in Lhasa brought warm to the market; *fsen- di tdn-wa* C. to pro- ceed capitally against, ni. f.; fsdn-te sharp, biting, pungent, W. also sbst. : spice, esp. red pepper. fsan -zug W. fever. fsan-ro Sch.: 'hot, the sensation of heat'. 2. = fsd-bo: *pa-fsen* cousin by the father's, *ma- fsen* by the mother's side C. ; pa-fsdn also = pa-spun- Ku-fsdn v. Ku-bo. 3. series, order, class, sde-fsdn id.; bzi-fsdn a class or collection of four things, tetrad Gram.] drug-fsdn-du sdebs-pa to put together in classes of six Mil.; don-fsdn Tar. 96, 14, a certain class of ideas, range of thoughts Schf. 4. as termination of some collec- tive nouns: ynyen-fsdn, nye-fsan kindred, relations, nye-tsdn bdud-kyi bsol-^debs yin Mil. ; blon-po-fsan Ind-po the five embassies, ni f. Glr. 5. ndh-fsan part, of a country, district, Tar. 90, 20. - 6. cos-fsan any treat- ise under a distinct head or title in a volume Cs. 7. difference Sch. ; le-fsan different divisions, sections, chapters. 8. much, large, copious, great, *Ka tsan tin-te* W. much deep snow; fsan-ce-ba, fsan-cen very much, a great deal, las nan ni fsan-ce a great many bad actions Thgr.\ lo fsan-ce-ba a plentiful harvest, rich crop Glr.; hence fsdn- po a dignitary, grandee Pth. Kams-fsdn, i. prefect of a provincial association, in large convents, such as Sera and others. 2. asso- ciation, club. ^q- fsab (cf. O tsdb-pa), representative, com. fsdb-po C'., W., *ko-la fsdb-po yod* he has got a representative, proxy; in reference to a thing: equivalent, substitute, des fsab run it may be replaced by this, fsab run tsam-mo this may perhaps be used as a substitute Wdn. ; *fdb-pii fsab co-ce* W. to use as a mop; nas fsab byao I shall supply his place Tar.-, fsdb-tu instead of, in the place Of, mdr-mei instead of a lamp, for a lamp Glr.; in W. *f sab-la* very common. Chiefly in compounds : sku - fsab resp. = fsdb-po representative of a superior, hence, as may be the case, vice-roy, delegate, com- missioner, agent rgyal-fsdb v. rgydl-ba. do-fsab Schr. prob. = fsdb-po = sku-fsdb. rta-fsdb a thing given as an equivalent for a horse Cs. nor-fsdb goods serving as a compensation for something else, pa- fsdb guardian, trustee. bla-fsdb represen- tative of a Lama, Vice-Lama. bu-fsdb adopted child, foster-child. mi-fsdb Schr. negociator, mediator; hostage (?). fsab-fsdb fsab-fsdb, miy fsab-fsdb byed-pa to blink or twinkle with the eyes 6'., also fsabs 1. mostly with &, cen-po, very great, very much, sdig-pa fsabs -ce- bar O dug it proves a very great sin, mgo- bo Kor fsabs-ce-na when much dizziness intervenes Lt.\ *t im-dhan-gal fsab cem-po* C.j great, serious transgression; O adl-fsabs- can sinning heinously. 2. fsdbs-pa and -po Cs., who also designates it as resp., peril, fear, sin (rather questionable); difficulty, trouble (might perh. be more adequate); bud- med ^6- fsabs -la pan Wdn. it is of use in milk-diseases of the women. fsam-ddm noisy, blustering, alarming Sch. (cf. fsom-pa, fe-tsom) doubt, hesitation, wavering, fsam-fsum byed- pa to doubt, hesitate, waver; fsam-fsum-can, fsam-me-fso-m-me doubtful, wavering, unde- cided, pan-tsun pydg-la fsam-me-fsom-mer lus-pai fse whilst both of them were un- certain as to saluting (who should salute first) Pth. fsai-tau (Chinese) chopping-knife C. fsai-skyogs scoop, basting-ladle C. j{V. fsar 1. also fser time Pth. vulgo; fsar- ycig one time, once ; fsar ycig-la also = srib-ycig-la in one moment; fsar ysum threefold, in three specimens, copies Tar.; fsar bzi Dzl. 9%L, 8, in four divisions, sorts, qualities(?) 2. also fsar-fsar ends of threads, fringes, in webs, Ka-fsdr Ld. also ru-fsdr fringes at the beginning, pon-fsar at the end of a web Cs. 3. thin strips of cane, for wicker-work, fsar-zdm cane-bridge C. 4. fsar-sldg v. fsa-ru. 5. v. O fsar-ba. fsar-bon officinal plant in Lh., Car- duus nutans, but not agreeing with the description in Wdn. T fsdr-ma, fem. fsdr-mo Bal. old. fsar-fsar v fsar 2. 447 ^Oj. fsal 1. provinc. also fsol, wood, grove, as a place for hunting and recreation, fsal stug-po Dzl.; nags-tsdl\&.\ garden, me- tog-gi flower-garden Ph. ; fsal yan-tse(Chin.} C. kitchen-garden. 2. smyu-gui-fsal one kind of the fabulous food of man in the primitive world Glr.; also the 'unploughed rice' is called O bras sa-lu-fsal. 3. v. mfsal. fsdl-pa (Sch. fsal-ba?) 1. also sin- fsal chip (of wood), splinter, ndn-po a sharp, piercing splinter Dzl. ; billet Glr. ; thin board, veneer etc. ; shiver, fragment, fsdl- pa bdun-du gas Dzl.\ fsdl-bu dimin., small chip or shiver W. : * fsdl-bu fon son* a small piece is broken out. 2. bunch, of flowers, of ears of corn etc , a lock of hair cut off W. fsdl-ma vulgo for dro, breakfast, f sal- ma za-ba to breakfast, fsdl-ma zd- ba - mams 'companions at a great man's table' (?) Cs.; fsdl-mai lam = fsa-ldm v. fsd- ba extr. ; fsal bog-pa = dro btdb-pa to make a morning-halt on a journey; fsal-rtin the time from breakfast till dinner, opp. to snd- dro, q.v. fsas (fsds-po Cs.) 1. W. for fsal garden, fsas-skor, tsds-Kan garden-bed, fsds- mKan gardener. 2. of a woman in child- birth: fsas-kyis /so(?) Med. eb fsi num. fig. : 48. fsi-ka (or fsi-rka?)C. furrow in a ploughed field. gcn-OT f si -gu, fsig-gu \. kernel ..or >J nut contained in the stone of a stone-fruit, Kdm-bui of an apricot Lt., C. (W.: *rtsi-gu*}. 2. Ld. a large muller or grinding-stone=jw-^w;musket-ball, bullet. giq. fsi-ba C., W. *fsi* tough, viscous, sticky matter, esp. clammy dirt, e.g. in the wool of sheep ; fsi ddm-po solid dirt, bad' kan-gyi fsi-ba Med. tenacious slime; fsi(-ba) -mw sticky, clammy, dirty; *fsi-du* W. dirty, unclean, filthy, esp. in a religious sense, = *kyug-dho* C.; *ne zug-po fsi-du son* says a girl euphemistically for: I have the menses. fsig 1. word, in its strict sense, 'bde- bar ysegs-pa ni" 1 bde-ba dan ysegs-pai fsig ynyis-las mcd, bde-bar yseas-pa are only 448 fsig-gu two words, viz. bde-ba and ysegs-pa Lex. ; O dri-bai fsig interrogative (word), such as ci; fsig sgrig-pa to connect or arrange words; as a sbst.: construction, the order in which words are to be placed; grammatical form, dd-lfar-gyi fsig form of the present tense; fsig - grogs, fsiy- grogs -kyi dbdn-gis Tar.; Schf. : 'by the force of construction' (?) fsig- O grel Tar. explanation of words; fsig- gros Sch. : 'course of speech, connexion of words'; fsig-prad, fsig-rgydn particle, a small word not inflected; fsig-Jbru Schr.: a separate word or syllable, fsig- bru-ynyer-pa Sch. 'linguist, philologist, purist'; fsig- bru-lcibs Lex.? 2. word, saying, speech, subject of a discourse, fsig -snydn(-pa) kind word, friendly speech, fsig-jdm id., brtse-bai fsig an affectionate word Glr.] * fsig -sub* W. hard, angry, bad words; *fsig-ndn, fsig- zur* W. id. ; rtdg-par ma mfdn-bai fsig fos- nas always receiving the answer, that (she who was sought) had not been seen; fsig- med-par O gyur-ba not being able to utter a word (from pain) Dzl. ; but Ka-fsig-med- par ysol-ba debs-paMil. prob. to pray without hypocrisy; fsig nyun-la don ce-ba Mil. saying much in few words; fsig-Kydl- pa = kyal-ka Dzl.] yzdn-gyi fsig y cod-pa to interrupt one in his speech ; fsig-ysal a clear word, perspicuous style (7s.; fsig- bol easy or fluent style Cs. ; fsig-la mJcas-pa skil- ful in selecting words Cs. ; bden-fsig v. bden- pa extr. ; brdzun-fsig falsehood, lie 6s. eEfrr^n* fsig-gu v. fsi-gu. " fsig -pa l.jir. O tsig-pa. 2. sbst., W. also fsig-po anger, indignation, vexation, provocation, fsig -pa zd-ba to be angry Pth., frq.; *fsig(-po~) fcol* W. his anger kindles. fsig-po 1 . = fsig Cs. 2. v. fsig-pal. ^ s ' * ess ^ r< l- t st '<J s -p a -> fsigs-ma 1. member between two joints, hence fsigs-mtsdms joint S.g.\ joint, sor-fsigs the joints of the fingers, knuckles 6s.; fsigs Jbud- pa Cs., *lul-ce, bog-ce* W. to put out of joint, to dislocate, to sprain; fsigs Jug-pa to reduce a dislocated joint 6s.; fsigs-ndd, fsigs-zug articular disease, pain in the joints, gout; joint of the back-bone, vertebra; spine, also sgal-fsigs, vulgo fsigs-rus, hence *fsig- gur* W. hump, hunch ; joint, knee, knot, sog- fsigs knot of a stalk of corn or straw, smyug- fsigs knot of cane 6s. ; member of a gene- ration Glr. ; metrical division, verse, fsigs-su bead -de smrd-ba to speak in verse, fs^s (-su) bcad(-pa) strophe, stanza, fsigs- bead byed-pa to compose verse?, to speak in verse Dzl; dus-fsigs division of time, e.g. season Pth. 2. fsigs-ma sediment, residuum, re- sidue, smdn-gyi of a medicine Dzl.; mdr- gyi Dzl. olive -husks, oil-cake; fsigs -ro = fsigs-ma. ' fsib(), fsib-nad measles Sch. fsim-pa vb. to be content; gen. adj. content, satisfied, satiated, consoled, frq.: yid fsim-par gyur he was satisfied, appeased, consoled ; )i O dod-pai yid tsim-ste all her (their) wishes being satisfied Glr. ; dga-bdes fsim-par gyur-cin being indeed over-happy Pth. ; fsim-par byed-pa to satisfy, with the dat. or accus. of the person. fsim-tsim, mig fsim-fsim O dug C. the eye is dazzled. g^ fsir order, course, succession, turn, prob. only col., *nd-la fsir yon or bob* it is my turn; *nd-so fsir -la* succession by seniority; *gdn-fsir zon-fsir* id.; *fsir-la, fsir-du, fsir dan* by turns, every one in his turn or course, one thing after the other. fsir-ba \. fsir-ba. fsil fat, not melted, fsil-bu id. S.g.-, lug-fsil mutton fat, pdg-fsil pork-fat, bacon; /cdl-fsil, Jcdg-fsit, grod-fsil suet, lard; sbd-fsil bacon; lon-fsil intestinal fat. spra- fsil wax B., C. (W. *mum*); fsil-ku liquid fat, in the living body, or melted fat Pth. fsil-can, fsil-lddn fat, fsil-med lean. fsil - rd remains of lard after melting. fsil-sitbs i. straight-gut, rectum Med. 2. sausage 6s. " fsil-din Ld. mortar and pestle. fsis Mil., Thgy. prob. secondary form of rtsis. 449 fsu fsu 1. num. fig.: 78. 2. the contrary ^ of pa II., root of the words signifying hitherward, on this side; fsu-Ka Cs. (fsur-lca q v.), more frq. fsu-rol this side (opp. to p'd-rol), fsu-rol-na adv. on this side, postp. with genit. adj. on this side; fsu-rol-tu, this way, to this place; fsu-rol-nas from this side; fsu-rol-pa one on this side, one be- longing to this (our) party Stg.; fsu-bi one of this side, p'a-bi one of the other side Cs., pro vine. ('?). Cf. fsun, fsur. r>n'fsu-u(?') C., prob. Chinese, for the Ti- ^ ^ betan skyur-ru, ace. to some : vinegar, ace. to others: a pulpy product, prepared of various kinds of fruit, mixed with vinegar, sugar, and spices, and having been left to ferment, used, like mustard, as a condi- ment, which in India is called 'chutney'. ^cn- fsu 9 1- Sch - : 'group, object' (?); fsug- ^ ' so W. all the households or villages placed under oneGopa. 2. rarely for tsug', thus ji-fsug Glr. 49, inst. of ci-tsug. fsug-pa(-la) W. to, up to, till, gan fsug-pa how far, how' long? *na Nyun-ti-ru cd-ce tsug-pa-la* until I go to Sultanpur; gan fsug-pa . . . de fsug-pa so far as. /^msiZJ* t su 9 s ~P a 1- v - fougs-pa. 2. to do one harm, to hurt, to inflict, mostly 'with a negative, bar-cdd ma fsugs- par without having hurt me Mil.; nd-la mes, nad-kyis etc. mi fsugs fire, disease etc. can do me no harm, Glr., Mil., frq. 3. sbst., also fsugs-Kan, W. *fsug-sa*, caravan- sary, or merely a level, open place near a village, where traveller's may encamp, or where public business is transacted; also for ^nhrn?n, hall of judgment; hospital. (5)^*^1* fsud-pa v. O tsud-pa. ri" fsun = fsu 2., gen. with cad or cad or ' la, signifying within, by, not later than, as postp. c.accus., robs bdun fsun- cdd within seven generations, (they will be happy) even to the seventh generation, Dzl. ; sdn-gi nyi- ma-pyed fsun -la by to-morrow noon (it must be finished) Glr.; *dd-wa ce' fsun } e leb* C. shall he come in less than half a month ? bu dan bit-mo fsun-cdd even to the children, not even the children being ex- cluded Tar. 119, 3. - Note. In the terms pan and fsun, like yan and man(-cad), the significations given by Cs.: from, from a certain place or time forward, till, until, are not properly inherent to the word, but are to be inferred in each separate instance from the figurative appli- cation of the original sense of the root. f sub-ma, O fsub-ma storm, fsub-ceb, rlun-fsub gale, hurricane, Ka-fsub snow-storm; bu-fsub (pu-fsub?) gust of wind, (^a) O drei bu-fsub whirlwind; fig. prag-dog-gi fsub-ma Mil. a violent fit of envy ; sems-fsub trouble of mind Cs. ^- tsur hither, to this place, hitherward (cf. ^ par}, fsur sog (resp. ysegs, in later lit. byon) come hither, come here! also in an objective sense : tsur ^on-ba to return home Pth., Tar.; O di-nas fsur bsdd-nas speaking to me through this (tube) Glr. ; almost pleon. in fsur -la nyon listen to me! Mil. frq.; fsur-ka this side, the this side river-bank, declivity, party etc., similarly : fsur - logs, fsur-pyogs. colouring matter, pig- ment, prob. = sa-fsur Stg., ace. to 6s. mineral paint, nag- black, ser- yellow, dmar - tsur red-paint; for nag fsur Sch. has: green vi- triol; in Zam. also rus-kyi fsur is named. fsu l ifN I- manner, way, form, cha- racter, nature, fsul yi-ltar ...de bzin- du as so Wdn., zer-tsul, O grul-fsul, bsdm- fsul the way in which a person speaks, walks, thinks; ynds-tsul v. ynds-pa; ynds-fsul and man - fsul being and appearing, philosoph. terms for reality and appearance Was. (297); f ton- fsul the way of giving, i.e. a certain quantity given, dose Stg.; mi sdug-pai sna- fsogs-kyis (to damage) in various vicious ways Mil; fsul de Kd-nas by that same way of proceeding Tar. ; hence fsul-gyis in consequence of, by means of Pth. and else- where; snan smrds-pai fsul the character of his last speech Dzl; rgya-bod-kyi O brel- fsul the mode or kind of intercourse, the 29 450 fse relations between Tibet and China Glr,; pydg-gi fsul-du in a way as if he were sa- luting Mil.] gm-gus-kyi fsid^-du) byed-pa to make a semblance of veneration, to make gestures of reverence Mil.; mi mfcyen-pai fsul-du byds-fe pretending not to know Mil.; (cf. fsul- cos-pa v. cos-pa); dge-slon-gi fsul- du in the guise of a monk Tar. ; mai fsul O dzin-pa to assume the mother's form, fi- gure Tar.; glan-cen-gyi fsul-du, (Buddha came down) in the shape of, or as, an ele- phant Glr.] ddd-pai fsul-gyis in the way of faith, with a believing mind Pfh.; mi-rtdg fsul-du yda it exists in the way of tran- sientness, it is of a transitory nature Mil. ; mdzdd-pa bcu-ynyis-kyi fsul-gyis in the manner, in the order, of the twelve deeds Glr. ; sas ce-bai fsul-gyis for the most part, Tar. 50, 15; way of acting, conduct, deport- ment, course Of life, snd-mai fsul your former conduct Mil. ; de-lta-bui dge-bai fsul de fos- nas hearing such an example of virtue re- lated. 2. emphat.: the right way, good manners, order, rule; fsul (dan) mfun(-pa) orderly, regular, sensible, reasonable, brgyd- la fsul-mfun re tsam Jbyun-na Mil. if but once in a hundred cases something sensible is uttered ; fsul-lddn, fsul-can regular, me- thodical 6s. ; also just, conformable to duty, fsul-bzin-pa adv. fsul-bzin-du id. ; fsul-med, fsul-bzin-min irregular, unjust 6s.; srid-zui fsul spyod-cin fulfilling a child's duty; fsul- las nyams growing remiss in one's duty, neg- lecting, breaking one's duty; esp.fsul-fcrims religious or moral duty, moral law; monastic vows, fsul - Krims - can 1 . being bound by such Sch.-, 2. observing such 6's.; fsul-Krims srun-ba to keep them, ojig-pa, nydms-pa to break them ; fsul - Krims, as a personal name, is much in favour. 3. species, kind, ndd-fsul species or kind of disease, zds- fsul species of food S.g. (not frq.). 4. joined to the root of a verb : yon fsul, when, or as, he came, W. & fse I. num. figure: 108. II. sbst. 1. time, in a gen. sense, = dus B.; yod(-pai} fse(-na), when it is, when it was; gdn(-gi} fse(-na), de(i) fse (-no) at which time, at that time, then, frq. fse-re all the time(?), nyin-fse-ret\iQ whole day, fsan- fse-re the whole night W. 2. time of life, * t'se-yhan-tson-cug* imprisonment for life C.; fse ycig-gi dros-pai gos v. dros-pa; life, fse O di this, the present, life, fse-pyi(-ma) a future period of life (also merely: O dipyi, without fse) ; fse snd-ma an earlier period of existence, relative to the transmigraiion of souls, yet tse O di and pyi may also be used in a Christian sense; fse rin-ba long life, fse fun-ba short life; fse-rih is also a very common name both of men and women ; rgydl-ba dan fse-rin-bar sog-cig happiness and long life (to the king) ! Dzl. ; fse(-dan) -lddn(-pa), ^n^raTT'O title or epithet of Bodhisattwas; fse-dpag-med name of Bud- dha; *fse pid-ce* W. to earn a livelihood; fse Jcyer-zin sor-ba to come off with one's life, to have a narrow escape; fse fdr-du jug-pa v. fdr-ba] fse(-las) O dds(-pa) having died Dzl. 3. Bal. sex, *po-fse, mo -fse*, male, female sex. Comp. fse-skdbs v. skabs. fse-cu water of life Glr. fse-ynyis-pa of an amphibious nature 6s. fse-ltogs a poor, starving va- grant, beggar W. fse-mddns Lt. = byad- mdans healthy appearance, a fine, fresh complexion. fse-fsdd duration of life. fse-mdzad, Wdk. 457, an attribute of the gods, resembling a small plate with fruit. fse-rdbs period of existence, duration of a re -birth, a great many of which ace. to Buddhist doctrine every man has to pass through DzL; fse-rdbs-kyi bld-ma Mil. a man that is always re-born as a Lama. fse -pad Ephedra saxatilis, a little alpine shrub with red berries, which are said to be roasted and pulverized, to give greater pungency to snuff. ^,* fse-re 1. v. fse. 2. v. fser-ka. fseg W. *fsag* 1 . point, dot, also nag- fseg. 2. more particularly the point separating syllables, bar- fseg, id.; pyi-fseg likewise, in as far as it follows a letter Gram.', fseg - bar that which stands between two points or tsegs, a syllable. tseys 451 fse 9 s troublesome, difficult, hard, fsegs- ce very troublesome, rkan fsegs-ce Mil. much (fruitless) running to and fro; fsegs-med it is not difficult; fsegs-med(-par) easily adv. ; fsegs-pa trouble, toil, difficulty Sch.; pran-fsegs little troubles or diffi- culties 6s. fs( * m (.~P ^ seam, cf. O fsem-pa ; fsem- bzo-pa, fsem-pa tailor W.', fsem- po O grol the seam opens, comes loose; fsem- med without a seam; fsem-bu Lea;., Sch.: what has been stitched, darned, quilted. fsems, resp. tooth, fsems -sin tooth- pick Dzl. fcenis-pa to have the disadvantage, to come off a loser, not receiving a full share Sch. g^. fser 1. = fsar time vulgo ; fser - fser, Mil., prob. many times, repeatedly. 2. v. the following. fser-ka W. also fse-re, fse-ri sorrow, grief, pain, affliction, *fse-re co mi go* do not grieve! *fser cug-ce* to afflict, to grieve (not in .). f^r-ma, W.*fser-mdn* 1. thorn, prick, brier, Dzl. fser zug son I have run a thorn into (my hand, foot) ; fser-mai mgo a deer's head po. spoken of Mil.; fser-ma O don-pa to pull out a thorn ; nya-t'ser fish- bone Sch.] fse'r-ma-can 1. thorny, prickly, briery. 2. like thorns, Thgy. 2. thorn-bush, bramble, brake fser-dkdr, fser-stdr, buck- thorn, Hippophae rhamno'ides, *fser-tar-lu- lu* Ld., the berries of it (extremely sour). fser-fdgs thorn-hedge (in Tibet gen. dead hedges). fser-lum yellow raspberry SiL tser-lhdg n. of a disease Lt. fses ^f^, 1. day of the month, fses- grdns date, always expressed by the cardinal number, fses-ycig etc., fses-bcu the tenth, in certain months a festival day, fses- bcu-mcod-pa sacrifice and beer-drinking on that day; tses-bcui O cdm-yig programme of the religious dances performed on that oc- casion; zld-ba fses -pa and fses-ysum-zld- ba. 2. symb. num.: 15. " fso 1. num. figure: 138. 2. sbst. troop, number, host, yet hardly ever standing alone, or governing a genit. case, but like a termination affixed : gron-mi-fso the peas- ants (of the village), /eyed rndl-Jbyor -pa- fso ye saints! In some instances its sub- stantive character is more apparent, thus in fson-pa-fso, mKds-pa-fso , bd-fso it may be rendered by: a troop of merchants, a society of learned men (or the learned), a herd of cows (6s.); but most frq. it stands (at least in later lit.) as plural termination of pronouns, so: ned-fso we, Kon-fso they, O di-fso these, or it is affixed to numerals: O bum-fso 100000. yul-fso v. yul 3. adj. hot Bal. fso-ba fat, greasy, fso-Ku fat gravy, fso - Idir unwieldy with fatness ( fso O dug mi Q dug, or bud ma bud, is it fat or not ? being with young or not ? Sch. T) |" fso-lo W. vulg. = opons, cf. O pon-fsos. fsogs Ssk. ip$, (cf. O fsogs-pa) 1. an assemblage of men (implying, how- ever, compared with fso, a larger number of individuals, not at once to be surveyed), 6s. : fso^s sdu-ba to call an assembly, O gyed- pa to dismiss it; fso^rs O du an assembly meets, O gye it dissolves,; W.:*$ol8on*it is adjourned, *tol son* it is broken up; dpun(-gi), dmag (-gi)-fsogs army frq.; yul-fsogs village com- munity, country-parish, *yul-fsog nyi lan- te yod* W. two parishes have set out; human society, fsogs-kyi ndn-nas O byun-ba Sty., *fsog c/han gye-wa* C. to retire from society ; fsogs-nan mi O gro-ba not mixing with so- ciety Do.; cos - fsogs has been introduced by us, with the concurrence of our native Christians, as the word for 'congregation, church, exxkrjoia'. 2. accumulation, mul- titude, of things, *sin-fsog* W. wood, thicket, copse, bush, shrub ; me-fsogs mass of fire, Thgy. ; in a more special sense = dge-bai fsogs, or bsod-nams-kyi fsogs, accumulation of merit acquired by virtue, fso^rs ysog-pa to accumulate such frq.; fsogs ma bsdg-pai mi almost the same as a wicked, godless person ; fsogs(-kyi) Kor(-lo), *nir^'fi> sacri- ficial offering, a quantity of victuals, trink- ets, and other articles being disposed in 452 afe- fson * fsod a circle as an oblation, Mil. and elsewh.; fsogs- Ji'dr skor-ba prob., like som-pa to pre- pare such an offering; fsogs ynyis Glr. was explained by bsod-nams-kyi fsogs dan ye- ses-kyi fsogs\ sna-fsogs of all kinds, merely signifies 'many'. 3. fsogs drug Mil. and elsewh., Was. 290, 'kinds' of perception by the senses, which are supposed to be more or less in number, yet the etymology of the word rather suggests the groups of objects perceptible by means of the (6) senses. Comp. fsogs-Kdn meeting-house Cs. fsogs -Jcor v. above. fsogs -grdl Mil. 1. row of people in an assembly 2. row of offerings, nif. fsogs-can-ma Sch. 'song- stress, prostitute'. fsogs-mcog a most splen- did assemblage, fsogs-mcog-dge- dun Thgy. fsogs-ytdm speech addressed to a meeting Cs. fsogs-ston a high sacrificial festival Pth. fsogs^-kyiybddg^o) ^1%^, son of Siwa, the god of wisdom, furnished with a thick belly and the head of an elephant; appears also in the Buddhism of later times. fsogs-dpon president or chairman of a meet- ing Cs. fsogs -zdns Sch.: 'the meeting- kettle, the point of union or its symbol'. fsogs-sa place of meeting s. fsogs-ysog accumulated merit, tantamount to offer- ings and gifts bestowed on priests, also any service or work done to or for a priest Mil. Vr- fson (Cs. = zon merchandize, but more corr.:) trade, traffic, commerce, *pag- fsdn* W. smuggling-trade, *cd-ce, tdn-ce*; fson-gi fee profit, gain, gun loss in trading; tson byed-pa Glr., *gyag-pa* C., *gyab-ce* W. (cf. above), to carry on trade; fson brgud- pa id. Sch. Comp. fson-skad commercial language, business-like style, terms of trade. fsdh- Kan store - house , magazine. fson - gru trading- vessel, merchantman. f son-grogs commercial friend, correspondent. f son- can pledging in beer, after a bargain has been struck. fson- cad bill of purchase, deed of sale. fson-mfun commercial inter- course. fson- dus market people Pth. fson- dus-sa market-place. fson-rdal that quarter of a city which is chiefly inhabited by merchants. fson-pa merchant, trader, seller; O bru-fson-pa corn -merchant, can- tson-pa dealer in wine and other liquors. yser-dah-dnul-(gyi) fson-pa exchanger of gold and silver coins. fson-dpon, Hind, caudhari. head of a commercial establish- ment, the principal merchant in a city, under whose control all the rest, and the market in general, are standing; the chief leader of a caravan, to whom all that have joined in it are subordinate Glr. fsoh-spogs pro- ceeds of trade; fson-spogs byed-pa, fson- spogs-la O gro-ba to engage in commercial speculations Dzl. fson- Q prul commerce, fson- prul-gyi ynas market. fsoit-zdn (cf. fsoh-cdfi) meal after settling a business. fson -zon goods, merchandize. fsdn-sa commercial place, market. Sfc'Sfc* fsotl ~ tson ! a ki Q d of ornament Cs. 2. = tson-tson. VT- fsod (prop, the same as fsad) 1. mea- sure, proportion, in a general sense = the right and just measure; fsod O dzin-pa, (bzun-ba) W. *zum-ce* 1. to take measure, to measure, to measure out, to survey, yul land, *yul'fsdd-zum-Kan* land-surveyor W. '2. to estimate, to rate, to appraise, to tax, ran-yi fsod mi Q dzin he overrates himself (his own powers) Dzl. 3. to observe the right measure, to be temperate, zas-cdn-la in eating and drinking Glr.', zds-fsod ma zin cuns gyur-na when below the proper measure, i.e. when too little is eaten S.g. 4. to try, to tempt, to lead into temptation W.; fsod-ltd-ba, len-pa B. and vulg., Cs. also fsod bgdm-pa to try, prove, *fsod ma Itos* 1 have not tried it yet W., * fig -fsod ma Itos* id., fsod ltd-ba, len-pa also to sound. to sift, examine, spy out, fs6d-len-pa sbst., spy ; sems-kyi or nydms-(kyi) fsod len-pa to examine, find out or sift another's thoughts or sentiments, also *Rog-fso' lem-pa* 6'.; fsod ^al-ba to measure ; fsod-ses-pa to keep measure, and adj.: observing due measure, temperate, fsod-mi-ses-pa not keeping mea- sure, intemperate. fsod- can, fsod-ldan i. moderate. 2. punctilious, strict, grave W. fsod-med intemperate, immoderate, im- fsod-ma 453 fsos pudeut, 2. measure, instrument for measur- ing, cu-fsod water-clock. 3. division, portion, quantity, fsod-ag part, *nor fsod cig* part of the money, of the estate W. ; esp. of time, point of time, certain hour, cf. cu-fsod and dus-fsod; *dufi pu-ce fsod-la* W. at the time when the signal with the trumpet is given; *tsam fsod* W., at which hour? 4. esti- mation, supposition, conjecture, guess; nai fsod-la according to my estimation, fsod O dzin-pa v. above; *dha leb-pe fso' yoj* by this time he will have arrived, I guess C.] hence *fsod-ce* W. to guess; fsod-ses, fsod- bya riddle 6's., fsod-ses smrd~ba to propose a riddle, mi-fsod about men, bem-fsod about in- animate objects 6s.(?); *fsod-fsod' f W. at ran- dom Sch. 5. fsod affixed to an adj. serves to form abstract nouns, thus: rnyed-par dkd- fsoWthe difficulty of obtaining, O jig-par sld- fsod the facility of destroying, pan- dogs ce-fsod the greatness of the advantage Thgy. ^jj' fsod-ma 1. vegetables, greens, fsod- ma ryod - skyes 6's. : wild - growing greens, frequently gathered by the Tibetans in spring-time, such as dandelion, nettles, Eremurus etc. ; fsod-ma yyun-skyes Cs. cul- tivated vegetables. 2. boiled greens, ve- getable-soup Mil. and vulgo. sno-fsod = fsod-ma\ nyun-fsod a dish of roots, turnips etc. 6s. ; Idum-fsod a variety of roots 6's. (?) lo-fsod all sorts of cabbage; sa-tsodCs., 'meat',(?)or more probably: prepared mush- rooms. fsod-sder plate, dish Sch. j^jr- fson, I. (cf. fso-ba and fsos) colour, 1. ' colouring matter, paint, = fson-rtsi, or rtsi-fson; fsdn-rtsi dkdr-pos Q bri-ba to mark with white paint; Jbyug-pa to paint; fson len-pa to take, imbibe colour 6s.; fson sbyor- ba to mix, to prepare colours Cs. ; fson-gyis btso-ba to colour, to dye; fson-skud dyed thread Do.; tson-spel a coloured strip W. 2. colour = mdog W. II. v. mfson. fson-po 1. fat, plump, well-fed W., C. 2. resinous. fson-mo-sfen a metal (not known) %. fsob for fsab Sch. fsom-pa I. also fs6m-po Cs. bundle, bunch, fsom-bu id., me-tog-gi fsom- bu bunch of flowers Pth. ; rnd-ma ndg-poi fsom-pa btdgs-pa Mil., a kind of collar, made of black yak's tail; pra-fsom a border or trimming set with jewels or pearls. Ace. to our authorities, however, the word pro- perly signifies a mixture or variety of co- lours, something variegated, gay-coloured, e.g. *dii nd/t-du fsom mdh-po* there is much colouring in this, it is many coloured, *fsom- fsdm* id. II. vb. to doubt, hesitate; to be timid, bashful, shy; to be ashamed C.; sbst. doubt, timidity etc.; fsom-fsom, tsam-fsom, fe-fsom id. fsoms C., W. 1. = Kyams, also fsoms- skor court-yard, Kan-pai fsoms Lex. 2. set, division, part, chapter Sch., so perh. in the title of a book, ced-du brjod-pai fsoms Thgy. ; *kye-ca yu dan zii fsom-can* W. a neck-lace or string of pearls in sets, divided by turkois-drops and fzi. fsoms ~ r " awis noise, din, clatter Sch. fs6r-ba 1. to perceive, sbst. percep- tion; as one of the five skandhas = , a sensation, a feeling; to perceive, yzdn gyis ma tsor-bar without any one per- ceiving itDzl.; also without yzdn-gyis: ma fsor-bar rku-ba to steal unobserved, the contrary to robbing forcibly Thgy.; *zim- po fsor* he found it well-tasted; sbrum-pa fsor-nas feeling herself to be with child Pth.; *ydn-mo fsor son* W. it felt light to the touch. 2. to hear, for fos-pa. common in W. - fs6r-lo a (flying) report, rumour. fsol-ba v. O fsol-ba. fsos 1. paint, dye, colouring matter; fsos rgydg-pa, rgydb-pa to dye, to colour Sch. ; fsos gyur (or log} son it has lost co- lour, it is faded; fsos(-kyi) Ku(-ba) liquid paint, = fson-rtsi Glr.; fsds-mtfan dyer, fsos-^w Sch. : a cosmetic, wash(?); rgyd-fsos a red pigment from India, perh. kermes Med. 2. a medicament Med. 3. v. Kur- fsos, O pon-fsos. 454 mfsd-lu mfsdn-mo r mfsd-lu 1. also rtd-mfsa-lu Lex., Sch.: a horse with white feet. 2. v. fso-Zw. mfsags Sch. = fsags 4, fsags-bzdn byed-pa. * mtsan v. tsan-ba. res P- f rOT *Kj name, esp. the new name which every one receives that takes orders; nifsan ysol-ba 1. to give a name Glr. 2. to take, to assume, a name Glr., title W. 2. mark, sign, v. mfsan-ma. 3. night, mfsdn-mo. wfsaw(-wa) ^TJT, 1. sign (rta?s and Kas), mark, token, badge, symptom, don-med-pai mfsdn-ma yin it is a sign that it would be fruitless Wdn.; mfsdn-ma Q debs-pa to make a mark, to mark (e.g. with paint) Glr.' btsun-mo-la ma O jigs- sig byds-pai mfsan-ma byin-nas making a sign to the queen, signifying: do not fear! (that she had nothing to fear) ; mfsdn-mas mfson-pa to represent a thing by a sign or mark Lex.; rgyal-poi mfsdn-ma (or rtags) Ind-po (ace. to Indian notions) the five royal insignia, turban, parasol, sword, fly -flap and coloured sandals; shape and peculiar characteristics of separate parts of the body, lus-kyi mfsan Dzl. 9&L, 5, esp. as marks of beauty, skyes-bu cen-poi mfsan sum-cu- rtsa-ynyis cf. skyes-bu', mfsan dan dbyibs as to limbs and stature Dzl. ; mfsan(-ma) bzdn(-po) and ndn(-pa) good and evil signs, tokens, symptoms, prognostics, frq. ; bkra- sis-pai dge- mfsan propitious signs Glr., emphat, good, favourable sign, some special (good) quality, mfsan dan Idan-pa possess- ing such quality, superior, excellent, frq.; mfsdn-ma rtog-pa to prove, to examine, signs; mfsdn-mar sgom-pa to take as an omen Sch., mfsdn-mar ma bzuh do not re- gard it as an (evil) omen, be not surprised or alarmed Sch. mfsan(dan) bcds(-pa), and mfsan-med having characteristics and having none, (v. also Was. 297), terms with which Buddhist speculation loves to play, cf. Kopp. I, 597. 2. genitals Med., Pth., gen. preceded by po or mo; mfsan -t prob. the genitals open themselves Med.] hence in Lhasa the word fsan-zug (q. v.) might be misunderstood for painful affection of the genitals. 3. sin-tu mfsan ce-bar gyur-te is at one time applied to Buddha, at another to men, thus leaving the true meaning doubtful. Comp. and deriv. mfsdn-mfcan sooth- sayer, astrologer, frq. mfsan-grdh and dgu- mfsan prize, crown of victory C. mfsan - brjod calling upon the name of a deity, enumerating its characteristics and at- tributes 6s.; mfsan-don something similar(P). mfsan-nyid prop. : 'the sign', the essential characteristic, sometimes even implying the true, innermost essence of a thing, whilst, on the other hand, it is also used merely for 'mark' in general; cos-kyi mfsan-nyid ston-pa, Kon-du cud-pa prob. to show the true essence of doctrine, to receive it into one's own mind Dzl.', mfsan-nyid-pa Mil. n. of a philosophical school of the present day, stated to be the same as bye-brdg-pa; it is much in favour with the Gelugpa-sect, and the principal object of their studies is, to ascertain the literal sense and original spirit of their doctrine; they love disputa- tions on these subjects, and may be con- sidered the representatives of speculative science among the Tibetan clergy. O dus- byds-kyi mfsan-nyid mi-rtdg-pa yin the essential property of all that is compounded is liability to decay Glr. ; property, quality Doman-, symptom, indication, ndd-pa sos- paimfsan-nyidan. indication that the patient will recover S.g.; mfsan-nyid ysum the three marks or characteristics in the doctrine of 'perception 1 of the Mahayanists, kun-btdgs, yzdn-dbdii, yons-grub Was. 291 ; mfsan-nyid bsdd-pa Schr. : definition; so it seems to be used in Thgy. unfsan-rfdgs mfsdn-ma Wdk. mfsdn-pa marked, K6r-los being marked with the figure of a wheel Glr. mfsdn-dpe for mfsan dan dpe-byad Glr. mtsan-yzi Lex., Sch. : 'the cause of a sign or symptom, an object' (?). m ^ san ~' ni0 W., *fsan*, night *fsan ca dug*, W. night sets in ; adv. at mfsams 455 night, by night, in the night time Dzl, W.: *fsan-la*', dei mfsdn-mo Dzl. in that night; tsan gdn, fsan fog- tag, W. also *fsan-fse- i re*, the whole night; also adv., all night; mfsan- dkyil, mfsan-gun, mfsan-pyed midnight; mfsan-sfod, mfsan-smdd the first, the second half of the night; mfsan-stod-kyi rmi-lam a dream before midnight Med. mfsan- dus night time. mfsan-byi (W. *fsan-bi*) bat. fsan- sin W. i. chip of pine-wood, 2. pine-wood. 3. pine-tree. mfsan-so byed- pa to keep watch during the night Sch. - mfsams I. intermediate space, in- terstice, border, boundary-line, rgya- gdr dan bdl-poi mfsdms-na, rgya-bdl-gyi mfsdms-su on the border between India and Nepal Glr.' mfsams -kyi nays-Krod boun- dary-forest Glr.; fa- mfsams (vulgo san- fxdni) frontier of the country Glr.; de-nas O doms Ina-brgydi m&dms-nas at a distance of 500 fathoms from that place; bar-mfsams- na yodii lies in the middle between; ri fan mftdms-su where the mountains are conti- guous to the plain; byan sar mfsdms-au in the north-east (cf. no. 2 below); cu O gram mfsams - su (between the water and the river's bank) close to tbe edge Wdn.; dei mfsdms-au (with regard to a royal dynasty) intervening, a usurper, interrupting the regu- lar succession Glr. ; ces-pai fsig mfsdms-nas when these words were uttered, at these words Tar. 127, 11; sgo(i)-mfsdms a narrow opening of the door, sgo-m&dms-nas sleb (he or it) enters through the cleft of a door, equivalent to our 'through the key-hole'; *fsdm-la cug-ce* W. to preserve, to put (plants) between (paper), to pack up (glass in straw). mf tarns tbyor-ba \. to close interstices, to stitch up, to sew together (the separate parts of a shoe) Mil 2. Sch.: to occupy a certain space, to enter a womb', to embody one's self in human flesh, so it seems to be used in Thgr. and Mil 3. to take a resolution, to form a plan, to conceive an idea, to settle in one's mind, like O god- joa, cf. sbyor-ba I, 2; TI, 2 6'., W. mfsams O bye-ba to split(?),*&ra smin ysdr-dumfoams- bye rtsub Jiyil S.g. the hair of the head and the eye-brows splits, divides again, is grow- ing thin, crisp, and interspersed with bald places, which is alledged to be a symptom of approaching death, yet hardly founded on correct observation, nor by any means clearly defined; Schr. has: skra mfxams O byed-pa to part the hair on the top of the head. mfxams-med-pa 1. adj., Ssk. dnan- tarya, without interstices, continuous, = go- mfmms-med-pa v. go 1, Dzl. 2. sbst., Ssk. anantarya, Was. (240), 'where nothing is to be interposed between a deed and its con- sequences, where the consequences are not to be averted', a deadly, capital sin Dzl. and elsewh.; mfudms-med-pa Ina, i e. inexpiable sins, are: parricide and matricide, murder of an Arhat (dqrd-bcom-pa\ or of a Tatha- gata, likewise causing divisions among the priesthood. dus-mfsdms intermediate time Cs. mft-ams-sbyor the Sanskrit diphthongs e, 6, ai, au; mf*ams-sbyor-pa and -wa, a bawd, Cs. mfcams^-kyfy-zu^ba), also O f#ams-zu, an expression gen. occurring in modern Tibetan letters, winding up the complimentary phrases of the introduction, and passing over to the proper business of the letter; for the immediate sense of the phrase I found no explanation. 2. the points of the compass, mfsams bzi the four cardinal points of the horizon; mfsams brgyad includes the intermediate points, south-east etc., mfiams drug denotes the four cardinal points together with the zenith and nadir. - 3. demarcation, partition, break, pause, stop, mfsams ycod-pa to make a stop or pause with the voice in reading Gram.; esp. to draw a line of demarcation about one's own person, whether it be by a magic circle (Dom.*), or by retiring to a solitary house, either for the sake of private study (Zam.\ or which is most frq. the case, for religious meditation, (*fsdm-la ddd-ce* W.} in the cell of a cloister, or in a hermitage or cave in the mountains, the seclusion lasting some- times for several months, during which time the scanty food is silently received from without through a small aperture. Such seclusions are undergone by some in the 456 m fsdr-ba mfso sincere belief, that they will acquire there- by higher gifts and abilities, by others merely to increase their odour of sanctity. mfsams sdom-pa Mil. has a similar signi- fication. spyad-mfadms rules, instructions, defining the extent and limits of a person's duties. 4. symb. num. : 6, v. mfsams drug above. mfsdr-ba 1. fair, fine, beautiful, = mdzes - pa Zam. , Glr. frq., mfsar sdug dan Iddn-pa id , e. g. bu-mo Glr. ; also of flowers; bright, shining, of metals Stg.\ *nydm-fsar->wa, 16-fsar-wa* admirably fair, wonderfully fine. 2. wondrous, wonderful, marvelous, gen. with no, no-mfsar-can zig a wonderful, distinguished, eminent man Mil. ; rfen no-mfsar-can a wonderful image (of some deity) Glr., in both instances equi- valent to wonder-working, miraculous; no- mfsar-mcod-pa a marvelous, extremely rich offering Mil.; more frq. no-mfsar-ce-ba e.g. marvelous things, events, miracles DzL; mi srid no-mfsar-ce impossible! most wonder- ful! Glr.- no-mfsar-ce-ba ma yin that is not so very wonderful DzL; strange, ridiculous, ytam sm-tu no-mfsar-ce Glr. 3. no-mfsdr wonder, surprise, astonishment, no-mfsdrskye- ba, no-mfsdr-du O gyur-ba or O dzin-pa, no- mfsar-rmdd-du O gyur-ba to wonder, to be surprised. 4. no-mfar-ce an expression of thanks, = bka-drin-ce, de-ltar yin-na Kyed rnyis-ka no-mfsar-ce if that is so, then both of you receive my best thanks! Mil.', yons-pa no-mfsar-ce thanks to you for your coming! Mil. mfsa l G S - a ^ 80 fsa l vermilion , used (among the rest) inst. of red ink for writing; mf sal-par a printing with red ink Cs. ; mfsal-lcogs-pa(?) Sch.: 'clear vermil- ion^?); sku-mfsdl resp. for Jcrag blood Cs. mfsu " s -p a (W. *fsogs*) similar, like, equal, Ka-doy as to colour S.O., sna-ma dan like the former, bdud- rtsir like nectar S.g. ; bdud dan mtsuns you are to me like a satan, you are a satan to me Pth.; lhai sdug-bsndl dan ca-mfsuns- pai steii-du besides their sharing all the imperfections of the gods Thgy.;dus-mfsuns- pa a contemporary Mil. ; mfsuns-med, mfsuns- brdl, without an equal, matchless, incomparable ; sems dan mfsuns Iddn-pa explained by Was. (241) as: manifestations of mind, those out- ward signs by which the mind manifests itself as existing. rr- mfsun (Zam. = Ssk. sRoEf, raw flesh) 1. Cs. : meat for the manes of the dead, yton-ba to bring an offering to the dead, skyel-ba to send one; mfsun-ytor explained in Wdn. by si-bai don-du f tor -ma ytoh- ba\ mfsun-ytor ster - ba Wdn. 2. Sch. : tutelar deities, household-gods, or rather the souls of ancestors; so Dzl. %p, 16 (another reading is bfsun)', also in mfsun-ytor, if mtsun be taken as a dat., it may have this signi- fication; mes-mfsun household-gods of the Shamans Sch. mfsur v. fsur-mo. mfsul-pa the lower part of the face, nose and mouth, the muzzle of animals Mil; bill, beak-ScA.; W. *ndm-fsul* nose; mfsul-pa O gag the effect of the gall entering the nose(?) Mng.; Ka-mfsul (W. */i ; am-fsul*) face, seldom in B. JeS*?rjC" mfse-skyon Wdn.? mfse-ldum n. of a medicinal herb S.g. mfse-ma (W. *fsag-fug*} twins, bu mtse-ma ynyis dus j-cig-na Km>is- so Pth. two twin -sons were born simulta- neously; mfse-ma ysum-po three-twin-child, trigemini Wdn. Jfc- mfsed,Sch.: dur-mfsed, place for burn- ' ing the dead. mfseu a small lake, mfso dan mfseu lakes and lakelets Pth. mtser-ba = O fser-ba. mfso 1 . lake, frq. 2. for ryya-mfso sea, rarely. 3. symb. num. : 4. Comp. mfso-dkyil, mfso-dbus the middle of a lake. mfso- Kor an assemblage of many lakes Cs. mfso- fcyoms v. Jcyoms. mfso- O grdm, mfso-mfd border of a lake. mfso- snon Glr., *sog-po fso-non* C. the blue lake, Kokonor, in Mongolia. mfso-cu water, mfsog-pa 457 fsdn-ba mfso-i'ldhs vapours, mtso-rldbs waves of a lake. *fso-ldg* C. inlet, creek, cove. *fo-lag-del* C. strait, channel. 5|c5^|*^T mfsog-pa v. O fsog-pa. XVJN^TrSJ" mfsog-ma Lt.,&\so mfsog-ysen Cs., 'spot or tender part of the head', vacancy in the infant cranium, = fsdns-pai bu-ga. xTxrn^* mfsogs adv., *fsogs-se* adj., W. for mtsuns or dra, similar, like, equal; *an~re-zi fsogs rgydl-la mi dug* they are not so good as the English; *Ko dan nd-la dug-iidl fsdg-se yod* w T ith him and with me there is the like disaster, misfortune visits us equally. mfson, 1. also mfson-ca, any pointed or cutting instrument, mfsdn-cas ytub- pa to cut to pieces with such an instru- ment Dzl. ; weapon, arms ; mfson fogs-pa to seize a sword, to take up arms Dzl.; mfsdn- gyis O jig-pa to destroy, to conquer, with the sword Ma. ; mfson- ca rndm-pa bzi Stg. : sword, spear, dart, arrow; go-mfson armory and arms; ru-mtson v. ru; mfson-Jcrdg blood drawn by cuts or stabs (used for sorceries) Lt. mfson-gyi dru-bu an attribute of the gods, resembling a coil or ball of thread Wdn.; mfson-skud sgril-ma Thyr. id. (?). 2. also fson fore-finger, mtson-rtsa the pulse to be felt with the fo re-finger ; mfson gan a finger's breadth; mfson gan mar a finger's breadth lower Med.;mf son-pa afour-fingers' pinch(?); sin mfson-pa zig a handful of sticks Mil. &!^vk"r mfson-pa 1. v. mfson. 2. vb. to set forth, bring forward, adduce, state, quote, exhibit, examples of grammatical forms etc. Gram.; O dis mfson-nas illustrating it by this, setting this up asanexampleOaw.; den kyati sgyu-mai dpe cig mfson also in this may be seen an instance of deception Mil.; dpes mfson-pa to illustrate by par- ables Mil. ; mfsdn-mas by a sign Gram.; so prob. also: am-ban ynyis dei mfson-pai dmdg-mi the soldiers brought forward by the two Chinese officials; it is also alledged to stand for to make, to prepare C. rndm- mKa mfson-pai mdl- Q byor-pa prob.: the saint that represents the heavens, that re- sembles the heavenly space Mil. O fsa-lu v. mfsa-lu. - vb -> P f - fut. btsag, imp. fsog (trans, to O dzag- pa), to cause to trickle, to strain, filter, sift, squeeze, press out, J>ru-mdr &a#-pa(partic.) oil-miller Dzl.; to draw off, dmu-cu to tap (a dropsical person) S.g. Cf. fsdg-ma, tsags. - 2. adj. thick, fat, obese Lex. O f*a't, mfsaii fault, error, offence, sin, de O fsd/i-du ce that is very wicked, a great offence ; mil or mi-la O fsan bru-ba or dru-ba l.to spy out another's faults, to upbraid him with them, to accuse him Do., C., W.; *fsaii ^og dhu-wa* C. id. 2. to irritate, provoke, make angry C. Qjfr *n* O tsd/t-ba, vb. I. pf. fsans, fut. Zfoa/J(?) 1. to press into, to stuff Sch., O fsdn- Ka byed-pa id. Sch. ; ndn-du O fsdns-pa Lexx. prob. pressed into, stuffed inside, so Sch. : fcri nan fsdns-can a stuffed seat ; dbugs /car O fsdns-pa out of breath, panting (in the heat of pursuit) Mil.; dbugs stod-du O fsans- nas skad mi ton Mil. I am pressed for breath, my breath stops, I cannot utter a word (for ardent longing); stod- fsdns, rlun- fsdns, O fsdns-la pan, all these expressions imply a want of breath, not sufficiently to be re- conciled to the original meaning of the word. 2. *su-la fsdns-se yon-ce* Ld. to attack a person with open violence, opp. to a stealthy attack. II. pf. sa>is, which verb, however, occurs only in O fsan-rgyd- bar O gyiir-ba to become Buddha Dzl. frq., O fsan rgyd-bar O dod-pa to aim at Buddha- ship, and sans-rgyds (having become) Bud- dha. Besides this form, there exists also a verb sdn-ba, pf. (6)sa/Js, to clean, as may easily be proved by examples. The whole will perh. become clear, if we presume, that the form O fsan-ba for the present tense is now obsolete, occurring only in reference to Buddha, as quoted above, and that the root san is now used as present tense in the following significations: 1. to remove (impurities) like O ddg-pa to make clean, 29* 458 Jsah-ra * daii sdn-te med* W. (the soot) having yesterday been removed, there is none just now ; *san dug, sail cos* W. it is cleansed, swept clean, * bag sail, nye-pa san* the contamination, the sin, has been removed, done away with C. ; snyun sans the disease is removed Pth. ; skyo-sdns byed-pa to re- move melancholy, to recreate or amuse one's self; to comfort others; skyo-sdns-la O gro- ba, skyo-sdns byed-pa to take a walk, to take a ride Pth., C.; mya-ndn sdn-ba to comfort Pt/i., to console one's self; esp. 2. to recover, to come again to one's senses, ra- ro-ba-las from intoxication Dzl. ; yzim-pa- las from a deep sleep Dzl.; also construed as before: bzi Glr., *ra* W. from a drunken fit, and this agrees with a sufficiently authen- ticated signification of the Ssk. root budh, so that sans-rgyds would after all be the literal translation of ^ff (contrary to Burn. I, 71 med.), taking the signification of the name, accord, to Tibetan notions, to be: 'the man that has entirely recovered from error and come to the knowledge of ab- solute truth'. That sans-rgyds be the same as perfect, holy, seems to be a mere ety- mological conjecture of 6s. 3. to take away, to take off, *fceb sdn-wa* C. to un- cover. 4. to be spoiled, to become unfit, useless, *wo-masah son* C. the milk is spoiled, zom san O dug = san O dug the casks are leaky, are running out. O fsah-ra Sch. : theneckof the thigh- bone ; fsdn-^rai fsil the fat attached to it C. ofsdb-pa, pf- f&abs, bsabs, fut. bsab, imp.fso6,to pay back, repay, refund, skyin-pa a loan Lex.; cf. fsab. fsa b- fsu b hurry, confusion, per- plexity, fear Sch.; also: O fsab- O t'sdb-mor ynds-pa to tarry in fear, to he- sitate in apprehensions Tar. o&dfa-pGy pf. fsabs, imp. fsobs Sch. : resp. to be afraid; Lex. blo- P 1. = O cam-pa(?) fit, suitable, in accordance to- in conformity with, de dan O fsdm-par S.y. ; so-soi Jbyoi'-pa daii O fsdm-par Tar. according to their ability, in proportion to their pro- perty. 2. frq. and mostly erron. for mfsdms-pa. O fsdr-ba, pf. f&ar 1. to be finished, completed, terminated, sn6n-la fsdr- ro Glr. it was the first that was finished; to be at an end, consumed, spent, *nor fsdr- te son* W. the money is all spent; esp. as an auxiliary, to denote an action that is perfectly past or completed (where in the earlier literature zin stands), in later books with the termin. inf., yoiis - su rdzogs-par fsdr - te when . . . was completely finished Glr.-, vulgo the mere root is used, esp. in W., *fsog fsar-ra ma fsar* are they assembled, has the meeting begun already? *lam-la zug fsar, son fsar, kal fsar* he is on the way, he is gone, it is dispatched ; fsdr-ba byed-pa, fsdr-du jug -pa Cs., *fsar cug-ce* W. to bring to a close, to finish, to terminate. fsdr-fcod-pa l.to destroy, annihilate, e.g. diabolic influences, infernal powers Pth.; to defeat, overcome, in disputation Mil. ; to excel, surpass, sgyu-rtsdl-gyis Glr.; to punish Tar. 2. for ysdr-ycod-pa Pth. 2. to grow, grow up, thrive, of little children W. ; O fsar- skyed growth Mil. ' O fsal, sgro-bai- fsal- gyi Ka-brgyan Mil. ? o fsdl-ba, imp. O fsol eleg. 1. to want, wish, desire, ask; when folio wed by a verb, the latter stands in the termin. inf., or the mere root of it, and more esp. that of the perf. form, yob dan mjal O fsdl-lo I have a mind to go to see my father Dzl.; bltds-par O fsdl-te wishing to see Dzl. ; tugs- la bzag Q fsal I wish it may be borne in mind Glr. ; ysun O fsal I beg you to speak Mil., bzun O fsal please take Pth.; pleon. Jcrid-par zu O fsal Glr. ; esp. as an intimation of willingness, de-ltar O fsdl-lo yes, we will do th&t Mil., or like our: very well! Further: pa-la nor ma Q fsdl-tam has he not asked the money from his father ? Dzl. ; gum yan ci O fsdl why does (the king) want to kill me? Dzl.; de'i don mi O fsal the profit of it I do not desire Glr. 2. to eat, btsan-dug Q tsdl-ma 459 Q fsem-pa poison DzL; byi-bas O fsdl-te eaten by mice Dzl. ; ydon mi O f sal-bar eleg. for ydon mi zd-bar without doubt DzL 3. to know 6s.; so iio- fsdl-ba appears to be used for no-ses-pa, and in a passage of S.O. it seems to imply to understand. 4. in certain phrases : Jbad O tsdl-ba to use diligence Thgy. ; Iro O fsdl-ba l. to swear P^A.(?), 2. to have a cold Mil. ; pyag O fsdl-ba to greet, salute, v. pyag. fsdl-ma 6s. = fsdl-ma. , pf. %, to burn, to destroy by fire, gron-Kyer mi dan bcas^pa (he burned) the town with its inhabitants Pth.] mes, mer, vulgo *me-la* with fire; rndm-par entirely, completely Dzl.', more loosely : fsig son he burnt himself, scalded himself etc.; also of food, burnt, injured by the heat; O fsig-gam am I burning? (thinks one suffering of fever) Med.; of inflammation, v. mig- fsig; of any violent pain Dom. ; to be glowing, of the evening- sky W.; *fsig Jug dug*C. to be in the rut, the copulating of larger animals. and oJSt*r*r *?* f and <&**-? fsir-ba, pf. fsir, btsir, fut. ytsir, btsir, imp. fst> W. *btsir-ce*io press, mw/ with the finger on the eye Med. ; ndn- gyis to press hard^.; to press out, an ulcer; to wring, a wet cloth; to crush out, til-mar sesame-oil Lex. ; ^o-ma O fsir-ba to milk; *tsir tagjhe'-pa, or tdn-wa* C. to press hard, to examine closely, to hold a rigorous inquest; btsun-mo-la yan fugs ytsir cun-bar gyur-toPth. also the queen's mind was much depressed. O fsugs-pa, pf. fsugs (intrs. of O dzug-pa), 1. to go into (more frq. mc?-p), to enter upon, begin, commence, stod-pa Jbul-ba-la fsugs he began to praise, to flatter. 2. to penetrate by boring , v. pur-pa; to take root, to establish one's self, to settle, rtsd-ba ma fsugs it has not struck root; O brog Q fsugs-su yema- dodMil., prob. : they had no longer any mind to establish themselves in this alpine solitude; brtdn- gyi skyid-mgo de-nas fsugs this was the be- ginning of my lasting happiness Mil.; most frq. fsugs-pa as partic. or adj. : firm, steady, r/i'an-ldg ma fsugs-te sd-la O gyel-to his limbs not remaining firm (in consequence of a paralytic stroke), he fell to the ground DzL ; *kdn-pa fsug-kyin dug* sit quiet with your feet! Ld.; O dug mi tsugs-pa Med., sa ycig- tu mi fsugs-pa Pth., *do'-fsug me' -pa* 6'., *ddd-du mi fsug-Kan* W. not being able to sit still; not stationary, unsettled, roving, restless, volatile, flighty, inattentive, spyod-pas skdd-cig kyan mi fsiigs-pa Glr. id. ; *fsug- la dod* W., be attentive! to be able 6'. u d-p a -> P^ f su d> (intrs. to O dzud- pa~) to be put into (a hole), to prison Glr. ; to go into, to enter, to get into (a good and wholesome way), to go to (hell); L'on- du v. Ron O fsud-pa. O tsub-pa, pf. fsubs, 1. to whirl, of whirlwinds, snow-storms, smoke etc. Mil. and elsewh. 2. to be choked, esp. to be drowned, nya cab-la O p'yo-ba O fsub mi srid the fish swimming in the water cannot be drowned Mil. ; cus Q fsub-pa Mil. ; *fsub-te si* W. he has been drowned. - 3. spyod-pa O fsub-pa pugnacity, of fowl Glr. O fse-ba 1. vb. pf. btses, fut. btse, ytse (Dzl} to hurt, damage, injure, perse- cute, torment, mi-la O fse-zin ynod-pa byed- pa, or ynvd-cirt O fse-bar byed-pa id.; also sbst., enemy', persecutor Mil.-, ycan-zdn-la sogs-pai O fse-ba dan beds-pa (a place) haunted by beasts of prey or any other noxious creatures Thgy.; the term is also applied to horses that bite each other. 2. sbst. (spelling uncertain) psalterium, the third stomach of ruminating animals W. ^g-pa, pf. fsegs, imp. faeg(s), to repay 6s. o^en-bd, pf. prob. Q fsehs, 1. to in- crease, improve, thrive, opp. to pitn ba W. 2. to be content, happy Mil. O fsed-pa 1. v. O fs6d-pa. 2. v. bsed-pa. . o fsem-pa pf. fsems, btsems, fut. btsem, imp. fsems, W. *tsem-ce* to sew, *gos tscm-cei ras* materials for a gar- 460 fser-ba TCr O fs6d-pa ment; O fwm-skiid thread for sewing: O fscm- Kdb needle. Q fscm-dmb needle -work Cs. O fsem-srub W. seam. O fsem-med without a seam; Sch. also: without interruption. O fser-ba, I. vb. to neigh Pth. and vulgo. II. also mtscr-ba 1. vb. to grieve, to sorrow, and sbst. grief, sorrow, resp. fugs- fser, cf. tser-ka; O fser-can sorrow- ful, anxious, O fser-med free from sorrow, easy. -- 2. to be afraid, to fear C., Mil. 3. to shine, to glitter, and sbst. lustre, brightness, splendour, brilliancy, oflight Lea;., of jewels Dzl.; dkdr-zin (or dkdr-la) O fser-ba to be of a shining white Mil. '-sa, mfs ^- sa h ScL: cause of uneasiness, source of care. 2. an old deserted settlement or dwelling; O fscr-rnyin id. Sch. o fso-ba, I. vb. a. intrs , pf. and imp. sos, 1. to live, riit-du a long time, lo brgya a hundred years Med.; nam (or )i-srid) O fsoi bdr-du for life, life-long, cos- kyis, rig-pas, r non-pas to gain a livelihood by religion, science, hunting Cs., or: to lead the life of a cleric, scholar, hunter; srid O ts6- ba to pass life, to continue in a state, to exist, frq. ; O du- dzii nd/i-du O fso mi pod-do in the throng of the world I cannot exist Dzl. ( W. *son-ce and fse pid-ce*}. 2. to remain alive, to be maintained in life, O di ma byds- wa mi O fsoo else we shall not remain alive, we shall not be able to live Dzl.', to revive, to recover, from sickness etc. Dzl.', sds-par O gyur-ba id, frq.; si-ba-las to be rescued from peril of death Dzl. 3. to last, to be durable, of clothes etc., W. : *mdn-yo tso-ce* to last long, to be very durable; O fs6-ziit sdod-pa to remain valid, binding, to retain its virtue, efficacy, of laws, doctrine etc. 4. to feed, to graze. b. trs., pf. (b~)sos, fut. yso, 1. to nourish, lw the body; to sustain, srog life ; to pasture, to feed, pyugs O fso -ba-la kyer - ba to lead the cattle to pasture Ptli., pyugs O tsor pyin-pa id. 2. to heal, to cure, nod Lt. ; in this sense the fut. form is used as a vb. for itself, q.v.; Q fso-byed, fso-mdzdd 'life-giver, i.e. physi- cian, medicine. II. sbst., also O fso, 1. life, mi zig-gi O fso- ba bsol-ba to prolong life Dzl. ; <6-cag O fso'i r)e the lord of our lives, viz. the king Glr. ; O fso skyofi - ba to spare , preserve, protect another's life; to rear, bring up, educate. 2. livelihood, sustenance, nourishment, enter- tainment, zld-ba ysum-gyi bdr-du O fso-ba sbyor-ba to board a person for three months Dzl. ; O fso-ba-la ma bltd-ste not caring for the entertainment Dzl.', O fso-bab zdn-po good eating and drinking Mil. ^og-cas goods, effects, chattels, tools, necessaries, =yo-byadLcx.\ also provisions, provender. O f s( >g-P a , pf- btsags, fut. btsoy, imp. fsog, W. *tsog-ce* 1. to hew, chop, cut, pierce; to inoculate, vaccinate, bn'im-pa the small-pox. 2. to cudgel, O fsoy-cin rduii- ba Pth., brdog- fsog-pa id. Dzl. 3. also mfsog-pa to find fault with, to blame, censure, carp at, teaze Sch. mfsog-ma. O fsogs-pa, pf. and imp. fsogs, to assemble, to gather, to meet, frq.; ftyed O dir fsogs, ye, that are here assembled Mil. ; mi mdtl-po fsogs-pai mdun-du before many assembled people Dzl.; Jbyuii-ba liia fsogs - pa the five elements meeting S.g.; O fsogs rten-gyi zas-cdn food and drink to entertain the people assembledG^r.; to unite, to join in doing something, to associate, to make common cause; examples v. lugs. O fs6n-ba, pf. bisons, fut. bison, imp. fson, W. *tso/i-ce*, to sell, dri O fs6n- bai ynas place where perfumes are sold Stg.; *dan gon-w tsdh-Kan-ni mi* W. the man that yesterday had a coat to sell. O f sod-pa, O fsed-pa, (Cs. O fso-ba?) pf. btsos, fut. biso, imp. fsos, fsod, W. *tso-ce*, 1. to cook, to dress, in boiling water, meat, vegetables; *cu-is6s'' W. 'water-boiled 1 , dumplings, = *cu-ta-gir*. 2. to bake provinc. 3. to dye,^os a garment. 4. fsds-pa,*fsos-ml< ; an* W* ripe, *fsos so/i* is ripe; *lddd-pa ma tsos* Ld., he is a green-horn. 461 q- ,/*#00-?-> ^ be a deputy, re- presentative. Substitute Cs.; rigs O fsob-pa to be the first-born male in a fa- mily, the support of a family Dzl. ; O fsob- par byed-pa to substitute, to put in the place of another Dzl.; yduit - O fsob-po resp. for first-born Dzl. O tsol-ba, pf. and fut. btsol, imp. f*ol, W. *tedl-c<?, 1. to seek, to search. to make research; tabs to think upon means. 2. to try to obtain. cs; to procure, acquire Mil.-, to fetch Thg. g dza 1. the letter sounding dz; cf. the ob- servations to x> tsa. 2. numerical fi- gure: 19. - dza \. v. dza-ti. 2. dzd-brduii-ba to break through Sch. Ely dzd-ti, prop. E;'q", Ss. ^-pfft, nutmeg // and vulgo; sometimes dza for it, po. Lt. dza-bo-sin Lex. a hollow tree Sch. gf-mj- dzd-ya 1. &?/*.: 'muddy deposit, green slime in the water'. 2. C. the mark- ings of wood, speckled and variegated, in consequence of a disease of the tree, cf. Ibd- ba. 3. n. of an ancient king of China Glr. 5 dza-lantra. more accur. dza-ldn-dha-ra, n. of a province in the Punjab, now 'Jellundur'. c * Z(l ~l u ~k a > cui dza-lu-ka Sch. 'water- spider'; in Ssk. however: leech. dzdb~ra } prob. to be spelt rdza-bra q.v. dzdm-bu, gen. O dzdm-bu, u^, the rose apple-tree, Eugenia, which fi- gures also in mythology; dzdm-bui glit't, </:c//i-bu-glin } dzam-gliii, ^n^f^Vq, ace. to tli(.- ancient geography of India and Tibet, that part of the world which comprizes these countries, the triangular peninsula of Hin- dostan, occasionally including the imme- diate border-lands; but as in Brahman and Buddhist literature all that does not belong to these two religions is considered as not existing, or at least as hardly human, O dzam- bu-glm is simply used for earth, world, and O dzam-bu-gliii-pa,ior inhabitant of the world, man. E-5T^"(SJ" dzdm-bha-la, also dzdm-bha, Glr. 3) the Tibetan Plutos, god of riches, = rnam-fos-srds, also rmugs- dzm Lex., ynod- dzin, and ace. to Schf.'s conjecture (Tar. 6, 1) also ynod-pa-can; dzam-ser this god painted yellow, dzam-ndg painted black C's. E;* dzi, num. figure: 49. V-^Jrc* dzi-na-mi-tra Ssk. n. of a Bud- "? dhist scholar. R" dzu, num. figure: 79. NS ^" dzu-ta Hindi: shoe C., W. N3 ' dzub-dzub C. *dhsub-dhsub jhe-pa* v> ^> to wag. to whisk the tail, of horses and cattle. -^ R* dze, num. figure: 109. "fg dze-tse C. *dJise-tse*, vent-hole for the smoke, chimney. R" dzo num. figure: 139. d:6-ki,dzwo-kiMil.,Wdh.,\\i\%. for yo-gi, v. mdl- byor-pa. mdzd-ba {Lex. = mfun-pa) to love, as friends or kinsmen do, Ttyo-suy 462 mdzans-pa mdzub-mo mdzd -ba- rnams a loving married couple DzL; mdza-zin sdug-par ^yiir-ba loving each other, e.g. like brothers or sisters, DzL; mi-mdzd-ba tams-cdd any hostile, malignant (creatures or powers) Dom. ; mi-mdzd-ba- rnams sdum-pa to reconcile those that are at variance Thgy.; brdm-ze mdzd-zin ses- pa zig yod-de he had a Brahmin for his in- timate friend DzL; mdza-bscs friend, frq. in conjunction with nye-du or Kyim-mfses Glr.; mdzd -bo id. DzL etc. and vulgo, rarely mdzao Thc/y.; still more vulg. Ts.: *dzdn-te, dzd-mo*fem.; *dzd-wo)Ii/-pa*,C., = mdzd- ba; mdza- grogs intimate friend Sch.; C.: husband, wife. dz<*n*-pa (&& TTf^rf) 1- wise, learned, frq.; mKds-sin mdzdns- pa, ytsug-lag-ce-zin mdzdns-pa; mdzar'is- blun the wise man and the fool, a relig. com- position, publ. by Schmidt, together with a German translation, containing an endless variety of examples relative to the Bud- dhist doctrine of future rewards and pun- ishments; mdzdns-ma a wise woman Glr. 2. gentle, noble, distinguished as to rank, ya-rdbs mdzdns-kyi bu Glr. po. (The spelling O dzdns-pa is not of unfrequent oc- currence, but seems to be objectionable.) mdzdd-pa, imp. mdzod (W. also *dzad*\ to do, to act, resp.for byed- pa in all its significations, whenever the person acting is the object of respect, hence almost without exception with regard to Buddha; but also in common life: *ci dzad dug* W. what is your honour doing? also together with by cd-pa, grogs byed-par mdzod cig pray, help me! further as a sbst. : the act of doing, the thing done, the deed, mdzdd- pa bcu-gnyis the twelve deeds (or prop, incidents) of an incarnated Buddha, viz. the descending from the gods, conception, birth, exhibition of skill (i.e. going through certain chivalrous exercises), conjugal diversion, relinquishing family-ties, engaging in pe- nitential exercises, conquering the devil, becoming Buddha, preaching, dying, being deposited in the shape of relics; sometimes even hundred (or rather 125) such deeds are enumerated Cs. Comp. and deriv. mdzdd(-pd)-po a maker, composer etc. ; also to be used for creator. mdzad - spyod resp. deed, action Mil. ; deportment, conduct, like spyod-lam Mil.; course of life, way of acting, e.g. of a he- retical king Pth. mdzdr-ra-mdzer-re Ld. pitted with the small-pox, pock-marked ; warty, blotchy, v. mdzer-pa. S|q*3f, vulgo ^\'mmdzub-vw,<md,zug- NS NO '>J gu, 1. finger, esp. fore-finger; fams-cdd Jcar mdzub-mo ciig-la sdod Glr. now sit down and put your finger into your mouth (for our : put your finger upon your mouth), i.e. be silent, as becomes the vanquished; *dzug-gu f/V-pa* C. a kind of covenanting, the two parties wetting their fingers with saliva and then striking them against one another, which ceremony is con- sidered more stringent than that of *do coy- pa*, v.rdo. The different fingers are: (in)fe- bo, (m~)feb-mo thumb ; mdzub-mo B., *dziig- gu* vulgo, ston-byed Cs., mfsod Med. fore- finger; srin-ldd, bar-mdzub Cs., *gun-dzug* C., kdn-ma Med. middle-finger; srin-mdzub Cs., *srin-dzug* vulgo, min-med (Cs., ace. to &A.) cad Med. the fourth finger; (m)fr(-ia) or feu-cun, *dzug-cun *C. the little finger. 2. toe. 3. claw. Comp. mdzub-ker, -kyrr or -kydu Cs. a stiff finger. mdzub - brkydns Cs. an ex- tended finger. mdzub-skyis finger-ring (= ser-ydub}Leiv. mdzub-Krid a pointing with the finger, hint, intimation, direction, blo-fe- fsom sel-bai mdzub-Krtd byas he made an in- timation that removed every scruple of the mind Glr. *dzug-gdh* W. a span, mea- sured with thumb and fore-finger. mdzub- giig a crooked finger Cs. *mdzub-rtc>n* vulgo, thimble mdzub-mfo 'a span mea- sured with the thumb and middle -finger' Sch. prob. = mdzug-gan. mdzub -rdiib a mutilated finger 6s. mdzub-brdd a hint or sign given with a finger Cs. mdzub-rtse tip of a finger Cs. mdzub-fsigs joint of &JE; mdze 463 O dzaits-pa a finger C's. mdzub - zd thimble Cs. *dzug-ri*W.= mdzub-brdd, *dzug-ri-tdn-ce* to beckon. mdzub-subs a fingered glove Sch. gi mdze, Ssk. <^?, leprosy (not cancer, yet infectious, the skin growing white and chapped) Glr., Med.', mdze-can leprous. mdzer-pa, O dzer-pa knot, excrescence of the skin, wart etc. Med.] rus - mdzer S.g. bony ex- crescence, exostosis (?); knag, knot, in wood Dzl,; mdzer-mdl knot-hole, in boards. m dzes-pa fair, handsome, beautiful, mdzes-pai or -mai bu-mo Glr. ; bu- mo mdzes-pa as a tender address to a daugh- ter Glr.; ri-bo nags- f sal du-mas mdzes-pa a mountain beautified by numerous woods ; mdzes-par byd-bai pyir for show, serving as finery, ornament Stg. ; fig. : spyod- lam mdzes-pa a deportment outwardly unbla- mable Dzl.; lus-mdzes a well-made body, ydon-mdzes a handsome face, mig-mdzes a beautiful eye Cs. ; mdzes-mdzes pomp, extra- vagance, profusion, debauchery Sch. ynod- mdzes name of the rig-sndgs-kyi rgydl-po(^} Dom., Lex. jtjSf' mdzo mongrel-breed of the yak-bull and common cow Lt., whilst Jbri-mdzo (W' *brim-dzo*} is the hybrid of a common bull and a yak-cow, mdzo-po a male, mdzo- mo a female animal of the kind, both valued as domestic cattle; mdz6-m&4?yu a herd of such animals; mdzo-rgod wild cattle; mdzo- priig calf of such cattle; mdzo-ko leather, mdzo-mdr butter from a bastard cow, mdzo- sgdl load for the same 6s.; mdzo-fsd Wdn. n. of a medicine (cf. ba-fsd?). mdzo-mo, 1. v. mdzo. 2. Sch. mdzod,Ssk. ^f, 1. sbst. store-house, magazine, depository, strong-box, mdzod-du jvg-pa, sbed-pa to secure, to hide a thing in a depository, mdzod-nas O don- pa to fetch forth from it; dkowndzod, yter- mdzod Glr. treasury; ban-mdzod corn-ma- ga/.ine, granary; dbyig-mdzod a safe for val- uables, yser-mdzod for gold; pyag-mdzod (6s. also mdzod-pa) treasurer, with kings, in large monasteries ; min-gi mdzod a trea- sury of words , dictionary. mdzod - Kan store-room, larder. mdzod-sruh treasurer Dzl. 2. vb. v. mdzdd-pa. wdzod-spu, Ssk.fjnsff, smin-mtsams- kyi mdzod- spu Glr., ace. to < k a single hair, ace. to the majority, a circle of hair, between the eye-brows, in the middle of the forehead, one of the particular marks of a Buddha, from which, e.g., he is able to send forth magic or divine rays of light. ^' mdz6 l-bu Lex.-, Sch.: 'grief, dejec- tion; asnare ? atrap'(?)- Q d~a 1. exchange, agio 6'. 2. interest or premium paid for the use of money borrowed Lh. Q dzd - ba, prob. only in the word cud- dza-ba to be expended in vain 6s. (?). O dza 9-p<*> pf. (y)z<w*> fiit - y za v, (intrs. io O f sag-pa}, to drop, drip, trickle, sna-Krdg, sna-cu dzag blood, water, dripping from the nose Med.; *iial-lag zdg- ce* the menstrual flow of females (plain expression for it) W. ; mci-ma Dzl. ; ^6-ma O dzdg-pa de-las Jbyun milk is trickling from it Wdn.; O dzag - O dzdg - pa to trickle con- stantly Sch. ; in a more gen. sense : to flow out spouting; Krag yzdgs-pa the blood that has been shed Dzl. ; mfso zdbs-nas zdgs-te med-par sok flowing off at the bottom, the lake dwindled away Mil; *lcd-cu zag dug* W. he foams (with rage); bzin zags-te the face dripping (with perspiration); *su-gu zags son* W. the paper runs, blots; some- times used transitively: kun-la snyih-btse mci-ma fzag he is shedding tears of uni- versal pity Dzl. ?9, 16; sor bar-nas O dzdg- nas letting (the ashes) fall through between his fingers Mil. - O dzag- dzog mixed, mingled, pro- miscuously, pell-mell Le.r.r. = J,'rugs-pa. " Q dzan- dz6ii = ytsaii-ytson. o dzans-pa, Lex. zdd-pa spent, consumed, exhausted, construed with nor, of rare occurrence. 464 Q dzud-pa dzm- O dzdd-pa, pf. zaci! 1. to be on the decline, pf. to be consumed, spent, fr({.,bsdgs-painor dzadi\ie gathered wealth goes to an end Pth.; snum-zad-kyi indr-me a lamp the oil of which is exhausted Glr.; Kyod-kyi bsod-nams zdd-pai fson-pruy-rnams ye (poor) partners in trade, whose stored- up merits are now at an end (whilst the speaker by the strength of his virtue is saved from the danger in which the others perish) Glr. ; rgydgs-la zad that has been spent for provisions Mil. ; brlai sa zad kyait yah-ito the flesh of the upper part of the thigh, even after it had been used (after all had been laid on the scales), was nevertheless lighter than .... Dzl.; fabs-zdd helpless Glr.- fse-yo/is-su zdd-pa-las whilst life is consuming itself Do. ; fse-zdd-kar Do. } prob. the same as O a-#ar, at the hour of death; frq. referred to sin: O dod-cdgs-kyi sems, dri- ma kun, nyes-pai skyon fams-cdd, O dod-pa kun yons-su zdd-de sensuality and all sin, desire and defilement being done away with, having ceased DzL; dug liiai Ids-la zdd-pa med the effects of the five poisons (q.v.) never cease; O dre-la zad-pa med of devils there is an infinite number Mil.; zad (-pa) med(-pa), zad-mi-ses-pa incessant, endless, everlasting 2. O dis zad with this it is done, i.e. a. this is the only thing, be- sides which no second is existing; O disdon- fnyer-zin O fso-bar zdd-na as this is our only means of making a living DzL; bu niKyod fciy-pur zdd-de as thou art our only son Dzl. ; mfon-ba /co-mo K6-nar zdd-de as I am the only person that has seen .... Tar.; mfson-bar zdd-de this is limited to seeing, this refers only to sight DzL tf), 12; ynyis ni min ycig-pa tsdm-du zdd-pas as the two have only one name Tar.; hence the frequent ma zdd-de with the termin. case, not only, srog O dor-ba O di Jbd-zig-tu ma zdd-de hav- ing lost his life not only this time (but often so before) Dzl. V^ 13; der ma zad(-kyi) not enough with that, still more, further, yea even Thgy. b. it is decided, settled, unquestionable, nor ryydl-pos bzes-par zdd-na as the fortune unquestionably tails to the king. Sch, <pa Q dzdb magic sentence, bzld-ba to pro- nounce one Le<i\ q. dzdb(s}-pa\Q strive, endeavour; to be studious, to give diligence o dzdm-bu v. dzdm-bu. O dzam-bur, gun, cannon, *gydlj-pa* C. to discharge. ' O d~ar bob, tassel, tuft Lex. O dzdr-ba Cs.: 'to hang down'; yet it is evidently the prop, present-form to the pf. bzar and the fut. yzar, which frq. are used without regard to tense: to hang up, clothes on a line Dzl. ; to hang or throw over, the toga over one's shoulder DzL and elsewh. * O dzi-ba to abstain from, to be absti- nent, temperate Sch. O dzin-ba to quarrel, contend, fight, mce-, sder-, rtra- dzhl byed-pa to fight with tusks, claws, horns Cs. ; O dzih-mo quarrel, contention, dispute. Qgk*TSr, ^q- ^ns-pa, r zin-ba, gen With sAvo, rarely with mgo Glr., bristly, rugged, shaggy, of beggars Dzl , infernal monsters DzL sprin-sna O dziiis-mfifi-ndg Mil. ? **-. o dzin 1. the act of seizing, seizure, grasp, ' gripe, v. O dzin-pa, e.g. nyi- dzin eclipse of the sun, zla- dzin lunar eclipse, (the heavenly bodies being seized by the dragon Rahula, v. sgra-ycan), ril- dzin total, m- O dzin partial eclipse Wdk. 2. he that seizes, holds fast, a holder, keeper; receptacle; rdo- r)e- dzm v. rdo-r)e; cu- dzin po. cloud, ro- O dzin po. tongue Lex. ; adherent, e.g. in srol- O dzin. 3. bond, obligation, certificate, e.g. pi'od- dzin receipt, acquittance. 4. contract, agreement, treaty, *zdg-pa* C., *tdn-ce* W., to conclude, make, a bargain, a treaty; yig- dzin a written agreement O dzin-can W. sticky, glutinous (?) o dzin-pa I. vb. pf. (fyzufi, fut. yzu/i, imp. zun(s\ also yzun-ba, bzuit-ba and zin-pa in all tenses, W. *zum-ce*, Bal. *zun-cas*, 1. to take hold of, to seize, grasp, 465 O dzin-pa Idg-pa-nas to grasp a person's hand Mil', mgo-nas taking hold of a skull Dzl. %?, 6 ; gos-kyi mfd-ma to seize the coat-tail Dzl.', mi a man, = to catch, frq.; cun-mar O dzin- pa to take wives Glr.; to hold, Idg-na rdl- gri to hold a sword in one's hand Glr. ; *Kyi zum ton* W., *Kyi dzin (or zin) rog jhe* C., hold the dog fast! to catch, a ball, rain- water etc.; bzun-bas mi zin capiendo non capitur, it (the soul) cannot be taken hold of Mil;bddg-gi ydun-brgyud O dzin-pai rgydl- bu a prince upholding my race Glr.', to hold, support, a certain doctrine; to embrace, an- other religion Glr,, v. below; to take upon one's self, some religious duty. 2. to get, receive, obtain. 3. to occupy, to take pos- session of, hold in possession, a country Ma., rgydl-sa the throne; to be seized, ndd-kyis zin-pa seized with a malady Mil., 4. in- tellectually: to take in, comprehend, grasp, con- ceive, by the faculty of perception or'imagi- nation: dbdn-po-rnams-kyi nus-pa zad-pas yul mi O dzin-pa-amyzdn-du O dzin-pa to per- ceive things not as they are, or not at all, in consequence of weakened senses Thgy.', with reference to mind or memory : sems- la, yid-la, blo-la B. and col; to be taken in, affected, seized, captivated, sdig-pas zin- pa to be affected, taken, by sin Mil. ; fugs- tjes zin-pa to be kindly, graciously, affected towards a person ; fugs-ma zin-pa to be not graciously inclined Mil nt. ; bti-mos zin-pa taken in love with a girl Pth.; O dzin-pa fams-cdd all that captivates me; to choose, to follow, ri-Jcrod to choose the solitude of mountains Mil, dmdn-sa to follow humility, to choose lowliness Mil. and elsewh. ; to embrace, another religion, v. above; to take for, to consider, esteem, na-la dgrar taking me for an enemy Dzl; mi or mi-la yces- par or sdiig-par to value, esteem, love, a person, v. yces-pa; par, mar to esteem, respect one, as a father, as a mother Stg. ; med-pa-la yod-par to consider the not existing as existing Thgr.; ynyis-su to con- sider as different, to find a difference be- tween two things, which according to Bud- dhist philosophy are one and the same, cf. O dzugs-pa ynyis- dzin; also absolutely, without an ob- ject being mentioned : dnos-por O dzin-pa to believe in the reality (of a thing) Mil 5. rjes-su O dzin-pa v. rjes. II. sbst. 1 . he that seizes, holds, occupies, rigs-snags O dzin-pa the holder of a magic sentence; adherent, keeper etc. 2. that which affects, captivates, in an intellectual sense, v. above O dzin-pa fams-cdd; the being seized or affected with, or as we should say, taking an interest in, v. sub spdn-ba\ also cf. yzun- dzin. O dzin-sky6h, po-brdn O dn O dzin-skyoh gyis occupy this palace and take care of it Glr. O dzin-pa the earth, as a receptacle of beings Sch. Lf. ? ace. to one Lex. = O dzin-pa. Q dzir-ba, = PfC^CJ dzdg-pa\Q drop, to drip Lex. O dzu-ba, pf. O dzus, to enter Sch. pa, pf. btsugs, zugs, fut. yzugs, imp. zug(s), (trs. to O fsugs-pa) 1. to prick or stick into, to set, to prick a stick, to set a plant, into the ground, to plant, frq.; to run, thrust, pierce, to run one's self a splinter into the flesh etc. W.; to erect, a pillar, to raise, a standard. 2. to put down, to place, a kettle Dzl ; to place be- fore, mi-la por-pa to place a drinking-bowl before a person (more genteel than b%ag- pa) Glr.; to put or place on, to touch with, mdzub-mo the finger; esp. pus-mo(-i Iha- na) sd-la to place the knee on the ground, to kneel down, v. pus -mo, zdbs- dzugs- kyi dga-ston feast given, when a little child begins to walk Glr. 3. to lay out, a garden, to found, a town, a convent; to institute, a sacrificial festival Glr.; to in- troduce, srol a custom Lea;., hence in a ge- neral sense, to begin, commence, any busi- ness, with or without mgo\ *ku-rim tsug- sa ma tsugs* W. has the ceremony already begun? is it a going? rgol-ba O dzugs-pa to offer resistance Pth. 4. to prick, sting, pierce, mdas with arrows Dzl, fig. mi-Ka zug-pa hurting by malicious words Do.; 30 O dziid-pa O dzem-pa tsiy kun - tu zug -pa & sarcastic, offensive speech Sfg. 5. intrs., to bore or force itself into, to penetrate,, to take hold, to stick to, mostly fig., e.g. sman ma zug the me- dicine has not taken hold yet, does not work Thyy.; zld-la Kyed-kyis mi zug you do not cling or stick to a companion Mil. ; *de-la sem zug-pa* C. to be attached to, to be pleased with a thing; * zug-pa* C., at- tached. 6. to sting, like nettles, to prick, fser Itar like a thorn Mil.; 16-ma zug-par byed the leaves sting Wdn. ; zug-rgyu-med- pa not smarting Wdn. o dzud-pa, pf. btsud, Sch. also zud, imp. fsud (trs. to O fsud-pa, synon. to jug-pa\ to put, to lay, into a box, into the grave; to lead, to guide, into the right way, to virtue, to religion=to convert; to reduce, to despair, sdig-pa-la to seduce to sin Pth. ; to prompt one to do a thing Gyatch.; O dzud- O dzud-pa to put into Sch. O dzub- mo, sometimes erron. for mdzub-mo. O dzum smile, bydms-pai O dzum-yyis with a friendly smile; O dzum byed-pa to smile; O dzum dan Idan smiling Pth.; O dzum skyon-ba to preserve a friendly countenance, to be always mild and gentle; O dzum-skyoii in a special sense, the exhortation given to every daughter on her marriage, to treat visitors with a friendly smile; also fig., an engaging appearance, ri-mo O dzum-gyis ma bslus-par not to be deceived by an enticing appearance of colour Mil. ; no- dzum, smile, in a relative sense, a-nei no- dzum dkar nag bltas I watched whether the smile, the mien, of my aunt was friendly or unfriendly Mil- ; no- dzum ndg-ste looking sad Dzl. O dzum-pa^ pf. btsum, zum, fut. yzum, imp. fsum l.to close, to shut, yet only in certain applications, more esp. to close one's eyes, to shut one's mouth, mig mi- dzum-par ltd-zin to have one's eyes immovably fixed upon Dzl.', also pdd-mai Tea zum bzin S.g. just as the lotus-flower closes ; md-lca mi zum-zin Wdn. if the wound will not close; Jca zum the orifice (of the urethra) is closed Mr/g. 2. to wink ? prob. only *dzum-dzum jhe -pa and co-ce*. 3. to smile, rdb-tu to look very friendly Glr.', sbst. the smile, bcom-ldan-'dds-kyizal O dzum-pa dan bcds-pai sgo-nas from the portals of Buddha's countenance graced with a smile Glr.\ zal- dzum mdzdd-pa resp. to smile Glr. ; bzin-gyi O dzum the smile of the countenance; adj. smiling; sweet, beauti- ful Mil. Comp. O dzum-Ka a smiling mouth; Iha- mo dzum-Ka-mo a smiling goddess Mil. O dzum-bag-can (of a child) sweetly smil- ing Mil. O dzum-ltag-dgye Cs.: 'a smile between the teeth, a sardonic smile, a grin'; O dzum-mddns a smiling air Cs. O dzum- mul or -dmul a smile; dzum-mul-gyis sor a smile escaped him Glr. ; Q dzum-(cC)mul-ba to smile. Q dzum-med frowning, austere Cs. O dzum- dzum 1 . the winking. 2. the smiling; O dzum-wan-wdn Cs.: smiling look. O d zur > 1- SU P- f O dzu-ba. 2. v. the following. O dzur-ba, pf. bzur, fut. yzur, imp. zur, Cs. *zur-wa* to give or make way, lam(-nas) to step aside; to keep aloof Mil.; Ids-la O dzur-ba to shun work, to evade labour Lex. o dzul-ba 1. vb. to slip in, rtsa-yseb- tu between the grass Thgy., sgor through the doorZ/&.; cu-la, cur into the water, i.e. to dive. 2. sbst. Sch.: ; a tippler'. Q$J* o dzus v. O dzu-ba. N3 aizTj'q* az fy~P a > P f - odzegs, imp. O dzog, to ascend, ri-la frq. ; sin-sdo/t-po-la Glr. * O dzen, O dzen-rdo whsettone, hone Lex. o dzen-ba to stick or jut out, to pro- ject, to be prominent Sch. O dzed-pa, pf. bzed, fut. yzed, vulgo bzed-pa, *ze'-pa* C., *zed-ce* W., to hold out or forth, Kud the coat-tail, mod a vessel Dzl. (The significations given by Cs. : to receive, and by Sch. : to meet with, seem not to be sufficiently warranted.) o dzem-pa to shrink, la, from, to shun, avoid, mi-dge-ba-la Glr., sdig- o dzer-pa fe 467 rdzab-rdziib pa-la frq. ; no-fsa-la mi O dzem-pa Cs. in- sensible td shame, shameless; ndd-rigs-la- mi O dzem - na unless one is on his guard against the several diseases; also to feel ashamed, *ne'-nam-la mi O dzem-mam* C. do you not feel abashed in our presence ? O dzem- pa-can O dzem-bay-can bashful, modest, tem- perate Cs.; Q dzem(-pa)-med(-pa) the contrary; fcrel- dzem modesty Cs. O dzer-pa v. mdzer-pa. O dzer-ba 1. to say, to speak, Stg. p' -^2 ft?, 6, obs., v. zer-ba. 2. to be hoarse, c dzer-po hoarse, skad Dzl, Med.; skad O dzer- O dzer-du nu-ba to weep with a very hoarse voice Pth. 3. to solder Sch. O dzo-sgrel Mil? ngcrm' O dzog-pa, pf. btsogs, fut. btsog to heap together, to jumble, to throw disorderly together Cs. O dzm- dz6n Ts. * O dzog - O dz6g* 1. jagged, pointed, conical. 2. oblong, cylindrical C. O dz6m(s)-pa to come together, to meet, *dzomfsdr-rama fsar* are they already assembled? ddg-pa mnon- dgai zin-fcams der ^-skol O dzom-par ydon mi za that we shall meet again in the realms of pure bliss, that is certain Mil; fses bco- Ind dan O dzoms-pas as it just fell upon the 15th. Glr.\ *dzommidzom* W. they do not agree with each other; de-rnams rnyed-par dkd-ste mi Q dzom as it is difficult to obtain these things, we shall not be able to get all of them together Glr.; *dzom-pa me'- pa cig kyan me* C. there is nothing that does not find its way there, that is not to be had there; to be plentiful MZ.;as paf tic. with termin. case : rich in, abounding Mil. ddl- Jbyor O dzom-pai lus Mil. v. ddl-ba. fcun- O dzom 'where all meet', name of mountain- passes, eg. between Lh. and Sp., and of females; in a similar manner gan- dzom and Jbyor- Q dzom ('conflux of goods'). O dzom- po rich in C., rtsa-cu O dzom-po abounding in grass and water, fertile C.; mfun-rkyen O dzom-po fortunate, successful, through a favourable concurrence of circumstances; fsos - sna- dzom - po variegated, many-co- loured. O dz6l-pa fault, error, mistake, de-la O dzol-pa ysum byun he fell into three mistakes, committed three errors Glr. O dzol-ba to shake about, to stir or shake up, e.g. a feather-bed; to confound, to confuse, prin gon-^og O dzol-ba to deliver a message confusedly, making a mess of it Glr.- W.: *zol-zol bo-be*. - \dzdl-fso* C., *zol-z6l* W. difference. I" rdza, W. *za*, 1. clay, gen. rdzd-sa. "* 2. in comp. for rdzd-ma, e.g. cdn-rdza beer-jug, cu-rdza water-pitcher Cs. - Comp. and deriv. rdza-k&r earthen bowl, little dish. rdza-Kdn pottery Schr. - rdza -Kun clay -pit. rdza-mKdn potter, rdza-mKdn-gyi O kor-lo skor-ba to turn the potter's wheel Dom. rdza - rnd kettle- drum of burnt clay. rdza-cdg potsherd. rdza-cu, or more refined rdza- cab, water issuingfrom clay-slate rocks Mil and elsewh. rdza-cen a large, rdza-ciin a little pot, v. rdzd-ma. rdza-snod, rdza-spydd earthen vessel. rdza-pdg tile, (Dutch) tile for stoves. rdza-por C. = rdza-kor. rdza- bum 1 . pitcher, jar, bottle, formed of clay. 2. jar, in gen., Icags-kyi rdza-bum iron jar Stg. rdzd-bo an earthen vessel Cs. - rdzd-ma pot (unglazed, urn-shaped, bellied vessels of various size, not for cooking, but only for holding water, butter and the like). rdza - yzon earthen basin. rdza - ri mountain consisting of clay-slate. rdza- sd argillaceous earth, clay. dza-brd, C. *dzab-ra*, W. *zab-ra* a mole-like animal. rdzd-ki Mil., for dzo-gi, yo-gi. rdzan chest, box, for various stoVe = bdn-ba Thgy. 1" rdzdn-ba v. rdzdn-ba. v rdzab, O dam-rdzdb, mud, mire(r. clay); rdzab-don sink, slough. r rdzab-rdzub sham, emptiness, false- hood, rmi-lam rdzab-rdziib-cati an empty dream Cs. 468 rdzas rdzb-ba s^j' rdzas 1. thing, matter, object (= dnds- poLex.\ rdzas dkar ser-por mfon white objects appear yellow Li.; rdzas Ka - sdn ydd-pa de-rin med the thing of yesterday is to-day no more Mil; mi-ytsdn-bai rdzas something impure Pth.; natural bodies, sub- stances, from which e.g. medicines are pre- pared S.g.; materials, requisites, dei rdzas requisites for this purpose; especially for sacrifices, sorceries etc., hence also used as identical with magic agency Wdh.; remedy, smyo-byed-kyi narcotic, soporific Glr. ; oint- ment, v. rkdn-pa and bdbs', rdzds-las Jbyun- bai bsod-nams Tar. 20, 9, not : merits arising 'from works or any material causes', but: the good, the blessing accruing from a right application of rdzas, wonder-working me- dicines, and consisting in long life etc., with which also Trigl. fol. 20, b is in unison, if the Sanskrit word is read dzaiwatri/cam; srog-rdzds provisions, victuals Pth.; in the context rdzas is also found standing alone in the same sense, where it perh. would be more correct to read zas ; me-mdai rdzas, me-rdzds, also rdzas alone, gun-powder, *dze- Jcug* C. cartridge-box, *dze-m&* (a gun) not loaded C.; goods, property, rdzas gan yod-pa-rnams all his property Mil.', nor (dan) rdzas money and money's worth Mil. and elsewh. ; treasures, jewels, valuable pro- ductions, rgya-gdr-gyi Glr. 2. in philo- sophy: matter Was.; real substance, realities Was. S- rdzi, W. *zi*, 1 . wind, rdzi-rlun id., also bser-bui, rlun-gi rdzi Do. ; pu-rdzi, or stod-rdzi a wind blowing down the valley, lun- or mdo-rdzi blowing up the valley; dri-rdzi Idan a fragrant breeze, a wind fraught with the odours of flowers is blowing Stg.; *sdr-zi ydn-na rag* W. I perceive an east- wind is setting in; rdzi- car heavy rain with wind, rdzi-cdr drdg-po rain-storm Tar. and elsewh.; *zi num-ce or tsor-ce* W. to smell, sniff, snuffle, of dogs. 2. in comp. for rdzi-bo, rdzi-ma. 3. v. zi. se'n' rdzi-ba, pf. (b)rdzis, fut. brdzi, imp. * (b)rdzi(s), W.,*zi-ce*, Pur. *dzi-cas* to press, to knead, dough; to tread, to beat (clay, gyan q.v.); gdl-te tser-ma brdzis-na if I should tread into a thorn Dzl.\ to crush, a worm; to oppress, to distress; rdzi- med Lex., Sch. : 'powerless', but stobs-mams-la rdzi-ba-med-pa Stg. evidently signifies: of invincible strength. g.jf rdzi - bo herdsman , shepherd , keeper. frq.; also rdziu Dzl.; rdzi-po a male, rdzi-mo a female keeper; pyugs-rdzi herds- man, yndg-rdzi neat-herd, gldn-rdzi cow- keeper; rd-rdzi (*rdr-zi* W.) goat-herd; Kyi-rdzi dog-feeder, byd-rdzi person attend- ing to the poultry; mi-rdzi 'guarder of man, a god' Cs. yet a king might also be thus designated; rdzi-skw shepherd's hut = pu- lu. Sch. has besides: dpe-rdzi index, re- gister. -v rdzi-ma (vulgo *zi-ma*) eye-lashes (the eye-lashes of Buddha are some- times compared to those of a cow). rdzig-rdzig, with *tan-wa* C., to address harshly, to fly at. > rdzih pond, gen. rdzin-bu e.g. for bathing Dzl.\ v. also skyil-ba; rdzin- po or -cen a large pond Cs. rdzins, gru-rdzins Lt., gen. yzins ship, ferry. rdziu 1. for rdzi-bo. 2. fin of a fish Sch. rdzu-ba, pf. (b}rdzus, fut. brdzu, imp. (b)rdzu(s) to give a deceptive repre- sentation, to make a thing appear different from what it is (cf. sprul-ba), with termiix. case to change into, also to change (one's self), to be changed, srin-por to change into a Rakshasa Zam.\ to disguise one's self, rnal-byor-par as a mendicant friar; rdzus- te skye-ba v. skye-ba; yig-rdzu a letter filled with falsehoods, a lying epistle Mil. nt. ; sd- ru rdzu-bai rgyu-ma entrails feigning to be flesh, looking like flesh Mil; rdzu- prul (Ssk. ^f^-) delusion, miraculous appearances, transformationSjS^w-jyatoproducesuch,^- pa to destroy the illusion, e.g. by seeing through it Mil.; rdzu - O prul - gyi mfu, or stobs witchcraft, magic; rdzu- prul-can gifted with magic power Thgy. rdzu- prul is the highest manifestation of the acquired moral rdzun l^tf rdzob-po 469 perfection, that is known to Buddhism; there is, however, an essential difference between it and the miracles of holy writ, the former bearing the stamp of non-reality and mere appearance, as is not only im- plied by the name, but also universally acknowledged ; and it differs again from co- O prul, in as much as the latter requires the help of natural magic (jugglery), or of de- moniacal influences, and never can be pro- duced, like rdzu- prul, at the pleasure of the saint by his own immanent power. Yet there is no doubt that the term co- prul is also often used in connection with rdzu- O prul, and as identical with it; v. Dzl. %*S and V. srr'rdzun,C.*dzun*, W.*zun*, Pur* rdzun*, x> ' also brdzun untruthful speech, falsehood, lie, fiction, fable; rdzun -fsig, id.; mi-bden rdzun that is falsehood and not truth Glr. ; rdzun-smrd-ba, rcsp. ysun-ba B., byed-pa B., C., *zer-ce* W. to lie, rgydl-ba-rnams- kyis rdzun ysun-ba mi srid it is impossible that Buddhas should lie; to tell tales, to make believe, to impose upon; *zun yin* W. you are not in earnest, you only want to quiz me; *zun gydb-ce* W. to lie, to act the hypocrite; *mi se zun gyab* W. to feign, to pretend ignorance, to disown a person or thing, *mi fsor zungyab* W. he pretends not to hear it. rdzun - Krdb Sch.: 'an adroit liar and deceiver'. rdzun-ma (. = rdzun Dzl. 2. liar Mil. * zun-yag-can* W. clown, buffoon, merry Andrew. q- rdzub deceit, imposture Lex. , byed-pa NO to make a false assertion Tar. ; cf. rdzab- rdzub. gjT^J'&J' r dzus - ma something counterfeit, feigned, dissembled, rdzus-maisprdn- po a disguised beggar Glr. jpq- rdze-ba pf. (b}rdzes, fut. brdze, imp. (b}rdze(s) W. * ze-ce*, \. to tuck up, truss up, clothes; to cock, a hat; to turn up, the upper-lip Wdn. ; skra gyen-du brdzes-pa the hair bristling Do. ; *so or ce-wa ze-ce* W. to show one's teeth, to grin. 2. to threaten Cs. srn rdzeu dimin. of rdzd-ma, a small pot, ^ pipkin. * rdzog(a)? fist, also *dzog-ri1* C. rdzogs-pa 1. vb. to be finished, to be at an end, to terminate (Lea. = zin -pa}, lam rdzogs - pai mfsdms - su just where the road terminates Mil] *dd-wa zog-ne* W. as the month has expired; "- ru pi-ti yul-fso zog son* W. here the villages of Spiti have an end; mdzdd-pa yons-su rdzogs-nas having accomplished all his deeds Glr. \ji-ltar smon-pa bzin-duyonsrdzogs-pas all prayers and wishes being fully realized Dzl.', yons-su rdzogs-par fsdr-te when the whole (of the building) was completed Glr. - 2. adj. perfect, complete, blameless, *go- lo zog dug* W. the body (of this horse) is without fault; sfdn-pa ddg-par rdzogs-pai sans-rgyds the most perfect teacher, Bud- dha Glr.; so in a similar manner rdzogs (-pa)-cen(-po'); also ye-ses yo/is-su rdzogs- pa is an appellation of Buddha. .rdzogs- par adv. perfectly, completely, fully (cf. Ihug- par), bsnydd-pa to report circumstantially Dzl., ydams-ndg yndn-ba to counsel well Mil.; rdzogs-par ses-pa zig one thoroughly conversant Mil. ; rdzogs-par bsldb-pa to learn thoroughly Mil. bsnyen-par rdzogs-pa or bsnyen-rdzogs mdzdd-pa to ordain, v. bsnyen-pa. Comp. rdzogs-lddn v. dm 6. rdzogs- fsig v. sldr-sdu-ba. *dzog-yeJ* C. obei- sance to Chinese officers, in a kneeling posture. rdzogsrim v. sub skyed-pa. rdzon(s), 1. (C. vulgo *dzum*) castle, fortress ; rdzon-dpon lord or governor of a castle, commander of a fortress; *dzon- kyel* C., *zon-leri* W. letter-post from one nobleman's seat to another. 2. the act of accompanying, escorting, Q debs-pa to ac- company, to escort Dzl, fee for safe-conduct, travelling-present; dowry, byed-pa to bestow. rdz6n-ba\*i.(b}rdzan(s\ ini.(b}rdzan to send, to dispatch, presents, am- bassadors; to expedite, send off, dismiss; to give to take along with. dbugs rdzoii-ba shortness of breath, asthma Thgy.&nA elsewh. fqif Jf rdzob -P, - m , I- vain, empty, spurious, void; kun-rdzob v.kun. 2. vain, fond of dress W. 470 wa gj wa I- the letter w, which occurs but ^ rarely, and only as an initial, yet it is a true Tibetan letter, the Ssk. ^ being gen. represented by ^, and as second constituent of a double consonant denoted by * (called wa-zur angular or small wa)- the pronun- ciation in general is the same as that of the English w. 2. num. fig.: 20. nr wa 1- water-channel, gutter, gen. of wood ^ (Cs. also: trough); wa-Ka Lea-, id., Cs.; wa-mcu spout, lip, or beak of vessels. 2. fox (the name corresponding to the sound of barking) DzL, vulgo wa-tse; wa brgyal the fox yelps Sch. The fox is the riding- beast of the goblins; whenever his barking is heard, it is in consequence of his re- ceiving lashes from his rider. wa-skyes fox-born 6s. wa-gro a bluish fox, gro- gro a gray fox Sch. ica-rgdn an old fox, a knave 6s. wa-ldeb fox-trap W. wa- nag a blackish fox Sch. wa-lpdgs fox's skin. wa-spyan Mil , wd-ma-spya/i Cs. jackall. wa-pmg young fox, cub. wd- mo she-fox. wa-fsan fox-hole. wa- rog black fox Sch. wa-fswd a kind of salt S.a. 3. n. of a lunar mansion, v. rgyu- skdr. 4. wa-log-pa to perform somersets Sch. 5. W. ho! calling for one. or *), q^'lr ^-ra-na-sior r^ se, ba-ra-na-si Banaras, a city in the valley of the Ganges, frq. mentioned in legends, as a residence of Buddha, at the present time a principal seat of Brahmanism. arar ciara- OT'firq' wa ~ 1 ^ wal ' 1 ^ wal ~ ^aclear, distinct, plain, wa-ler drdn-pa to recollect distinctly 6s.; yid-la floating distinctly before one's mind Lex.; don iva-U gyis try to gain a clear understanding of the sense of it Mil. ; also skad-wdl wa-si a kind of apples Sch. wi num fig.: 50. wu num fig.: 80. ' wu-rdo pumice stone Sch. 01" we num. fig.: 110. jfcCj 01' wo num. fiff. : 140. za, 1. a letter of the alphabet, repre- ' sented by 0, originally, and in the fron- tier-provinces to the present day, the soft sibilant, which is pronounced like j in French, or like the English s in leisure, (zh\ (still more accurately like the Polish z' in zima) ; in 6'. it differs now from jCf only by the following vowel being deep- toned. 2. numerical figure: 21. .-. /a-gjr zwhj zwa-mo, resp. dbu-zwa, a <!' < covering of the head, hat, cap; fig. n a yig sd-yi zivd-can the letter C having ^J for a cap : ^J Zam. ; zwa g6n-pa, gyon- pa to put the cap on, Jbud-pa to take it off 471 (oj9, zd-nye (in Ts. by way of salutation) ; rgya-, bod-, sog-zwa Chinese, Tibetan, Mongolian cap; dgun-zwa winter-cap, dbyar-zwa summer- hat (light felt-hats adapted to the warmer season); pyin-zwa hat or cap made of felt; wa-zwa cap made of the fur of a fox. zwa-dkdr, -nag, -dmdr, -ser white, black, red, yellow cap, denoting occasionally also the wearers of such caps, esp. red-caps and yellow-caps, as belonging to different La- ma-sects zwa-Kebs the covering of a hat 6s. zwa-tog top ornament of a hat 6s., prob. a button, v. fog. zwa-?zol brim, zwa-ri crown of a hat Cs., in Ld. however ri denotes the brim or flap. Schl. p. 171 calls a low conical cap of the Chief Lama nd-fon-za. (3'ft' (3*3* %d-nye or zd-ne, also rd-nye Cs., ' lead, zd-nyei ytm-rdo sounding- lead, plummet Pth.; za-nye-rdo lead-ore 6s.; zd-nyei cus sbydr-ba to fill up (a groove or juncture) with molten lead Glr.', zd-nye dkdr-po 6'., tin, also za-dkdr, ysa- or bsa- dkdr; zd-nye ndg-po lead, (6s.'s 'white lead and black lead' seem to be a mere con- jecture) ; za-sog (tin-foil Sch. (?)), thin plates of lead. .q. zd-ba lame ; lameness ; gen. zd-bo lame, halting ; a lame person, cripple, B. and col.; zd-mo fern.; *zd-wo co dug* W. he is lame, he limps; rkdn- or Idg-za-can having a lame foot or hand. * za-Jbrin v. zabs extr. J" zd-la Glr. and vulgo, v. zdl-ba. zdn-pa zd-lu cup, bowl, = por-pa, ko-re Cs. zd-lu-pa, zd-lu lots-fsa-ba or lo-cen n. of the author of a little glossary, called Zamatotj. pt'. zag 1. zdg-pa (only Schr., 6s.), *zdg- ' po* W , *zdg-ma* Lt., W. } resp. dgun- zdg a day, the time from one sun-rise to another (cf. on the other hand nyi-ma 2); zag cig a day, and adv : once day, once ;*</ cig-gi zdg-la* W. is also used of a future day: *zag cig de dus leb yin* W. once the time will come; zag O ga-nas after a few days Mil.; zag du-ma Ion-par after many days DzL; na di-rin nd-nin leb-zag* W. this is the day of our arrival a year ago; *de- zag* W. lately, the other day, a short time ago; *ddn-zag* W. yesterday; recently , *ddn- zag za-nyi-ma* W. last sunday; *ndn-zag* W. some time ago, *ndn-zag ston-ka* W. last autumn; *Kdr-san-zag* W. the day be- fore yesterday; zdg-nas zdg-tu from day to day; *zdg-dan(-zag}* W. every day, always; zag bdun seven days, zag-bdun-prdg a week, zag-bdun-prdg ze-brgydd forty-eight weeks Thgy. zag-grdns the date, *zag-cjdn gydb- ce* W. to date. zag-mdl a station, day's journey, quarters Cs., zdg-sa id. 6s. *zag- zdn* W. holiday. 2. fat, grease, in a liquid state, = fsil-Ku S.g. ; also melted and con- gealed again W.-, fig. the fat of the country, fertility, yul-la zag med the country is barren Ma.', zdg-can greasy, oily, zag -med lean; zag-por a cup, vessel, for grease 6*s. 3. fog, smoke, dry vapour, filling the atmosphere in autumn. zdgs-pa leash, rope with a noose, e.g. for catching wild horses, zags- fdg Cs , zags-dbyug Sch. id., rgydb-pa Cs., pen pa Sch. to throw the noose; zags-pas, zags-fag-gis O dzin-pa frq. fig., as Schl. 213; sbrul-zdgs noose consisting of a serpent, for catching any hurtful creature Glr. ; frq. as an attribute of the gods. /-jr-x <rp\ 0a/i(-po), vulgo a-zan, uncle by the ' ^ mother's side, mother's brother; zah- brgyud his offspring 6k ; zan - nyen in a gen. sense, relations by the mother's side Dom. ; zan-fsd sister's son. fsa-zdn, resp. dbon-zdn 1. nephew and uncle, by the moth- er's side, also applied to spiritual brother- hood Mil. 2. son-in-law and brother-in- (aw Glr. zan-blon Glr. seems to be a kind of title given to a minister (or ma- gistrate). zan-zuii ancient n. of the province of Guge Glr. j. zdn-pa weak, feeble, frq., the opp. to drdg-po; naji-ltar zan yan as weak, as miserable as 1 am (says a cripple) Pth.', 472 zabs Jcams zdn-pa Mil. of a weak body, of deli- cate health; also applied to sounds, accent and the like; cf. ?id-ro; ugly opp. to legs- pa, v. skye-sgo. a6s 1. bottom of a lake, of a vessel Dzl., Mil.', lower end of a staff Mil.; for under in compounds, as mha-zdbs q.v. 2. resp. for rkdn-pa foot, mi zig-gi zdbs-la O dud-pa Cs., mgo-bos btug-pa S.b., ^o byed- pa Cs. to bow down at another person's feet, to touch them with one's head, to kiss them; zabs drun-du c. genit to the feet of . . ., for to . . . , in directions of letters ; zabs rjen- par barefooted , e. g. fMg& - pa Mil. ; Zabs O degs-pa Sch. to help, prob. = zabs-tog byed- pa v. below; zabs O cdg-pa = O cdg-pa II. Comp. For the most part they are the same as those of rkdn-pa; there are to be mentioned more especially: zdbs-kyu 1. spur 6s.(?). 2.n.of the vowel-sign NS for u Gram. zdbs-mgo Tar. point of the foot Schf. zabs-sgrog garter Cs. zabs-bcdgs Sch., 1. partic. of zabs- cag-pa. 2. = zdbs-cdgs. 3. grounds, territory. zabs-cdg(s), -pydgs, resp. shoe, boot. zabs-fog \ . service ren- dered to superiors, esp. to priests, convents etc., by the erection of buildings, or keep- ing them in repair, or by any aid or work done in their behalf; O fso-bai zabs-tog or zabs-tog alone: distribution of victuals, zabs- tog bzdn-po pul he placed dainty food be- fore him Mil. ; zabs-tog < o mi brgydl-ba Jbul we shall pro vide you with every thing, so that you shall not suffer want Mil. ; zabs-tog byed- pa a. to render such services b. to feed, treat, provide, offer, Glr. and elsewh. 2. = zabs- tog-pa 1 . servant, regularly employed in mo- nasteries, by Lamas etc., an official, rgydl- poi sku-ysun-fugs-kyi zabs-tog royal page, Glr. 2. dispenser, benefactor zabs-tdg-ma fern. zabs-rtin heel. zabs-rten 1. foot- stool 6s. 2. boot Sch. zabs- dren shame, disgrace, from mii zabs O dren-pa to bring shame upon another, to be a disgrace to him, e.g. a child proving a disgrace to his pa- rents, by a dissolute life, disrespectful de- portment etc. Thgy. zabs-rdul dust on one's feet 6s. zabs-pdd lit.: 'a padma below (SpT zal the foot', seems to be an attribute of di- vine persons, but sometimes nothing more than a high-sounding complimental expres- sion for 'foot'; byin-pa 'e-na-ya O dra zabs- pad Jbur his leg displays a calf like that of Enaya.PA.; zabs-pad-la,Zam.\mi., seems to stand like zabs drun-du, so also zabs- pdd Kri drun-du, in letters; mii zabs -pad stfn-pa Tar., tig. for zabs-fog byed-pa to serve; to be a scholar, pupil Schf. zdbs- pyi servant (male or female), in the widest sense of the word, servant to an individual, as well as a minister of the state or the church, only that the latter service is al- ways referred by an Asiatic to the 'person' of the king or priest; collectively : retinue ; occasionally also to be understood as an attending, a waiting on, thus: rje-yi zdbs-pyi O gran, we will vie with one another in our attending the lord Glr.; zdbs-pyir O brdn-ba, zdbs-Jbran-ba or Jbrin-ba to follow as a servant, zam- brin(-pa) Do., zam-rin Cs., za-Jbrin Sch. servant. zabs-bro, zabs-bro mdzdd-pa to dance Sch. zabs-ma drawers, under-petticoat. zabs-sen nail of the toe Sch. zabs - bsil water for washing an honoured person's feet. zabs - Ihdm = zabs-cdg. zdm-cu Sch.: 'the scum left by the evaporation of water' (?); *zdm-ce* W. to take off, Ibu-ba the froth, scum; yet cf. yzdm-pa. zdm-me-ba being plentiful, abound- ing in Mil. /x'fl" zdr-ba, fern, ma, 1. = yan lag ma fsan being not in full possession of one's members, mig-zdr one-eyed, half or totally blind; lag-zdr having only one hand, being lame in one or both hands; so in a similar manner rkan-zdr. 2. (= mig-zdr) C., W. blind, rarely in B. *zar-te* (zar- Itas) the winking with one eye C. zar-la, Schr. 'following, succeeding', prob. = zor-la, q.v. fflflj. zal resp. for ka i. mouth 2. face, coun- tenance zdl-du ysol-ba, W. *zdl-la rdg- ce*, to eat, to drink; *fsd-big zdl-la rag* or *zal-rdg dzod* please to take some . . .! zal 473 ZrtJ rgyal-poi zdl-nas ysuns the king spoke (r/r. frq.; zdl-gyi syo the door of the face, the mouth (cf. also O dzum-pa); zdl-la mi nydn- pa Glr. to be disobedient; zdl-gyis bzes-pa Glr. or O ce-ba Sch. to promise, and other significations of Has Un-pa, e.g. to accept Tar. 126, 10; zal bgrdd-pa and yddn-ba to gape Sch., O byed-pa to open the mouth, zal O dzum-pa to smile; with ltd-ba \. zdl-la ltd-ba, e.g. cos smrd-bai to watch the mouth of the preacher, to hang on his lips Pth.; in a similar manner: gus-pai sems-kyis nd- yi zal - la Ita Pth. 2. zal ltd - ba, zal - Ita byed-pa to serve (v. zdl-ta), zal yan ttyed- la Ita mcod-pa yan Kyed-la Jbul they serve you and honour you Glr.; zdl-lta-ru byun he came to serve him Mil.; zal y dams-pa to bid, order, exhort Glr.; zal don -pa to pronounce, to deliver, state, report ; zal mjdl- ba Mil. to visit, to come to see; zal mfdn-ba to see a person's face Tar. ; 'in order to at- tain the highest dnos-grub, one must sems- kyi ran- zal mfon-ba, and in order to be able to do this, one must penetrate into the Buddhist doctrine' thus Mil. teaches a Bonpa; pyis zal mfon-bao afterwards his face was seen, he made his appearance Tar.; zal-yzigs-pa v. sbst. zal-yzig. Comp. For the most part expressions of civility : zal-kdr, resp. for kar-yol plates and drinking-vessels. zal-dkyil face Cs. zal-bkod order, ordinance Sch.(l). - zal-skom, zal-skyems drink. zal-skyin Glr. countenance. zal-skyogs cup, goblet Mil. zal-Kebs cover of an image of Buddha Sch. zal-tcrid oral or personal instruc- tion Mil. zal- Kan biting words of a superior (Sch. prob. not quite correct). *zal-gyd* (rgyal brgya) *)he'-pa or ze-pd* to promise C. zal-rgydn mustaches C. zal-no 1. = no, zal- no nag -par bzugs he was sitting there with a mournful face Glr. 2. fsogs-cen-zal-no title of the chief-justices of the great monasteries of Sera, Gadan andDepung. 3. Sch. : ' ' zal-no ornor(?), noble sons, princes' (?) zal-dnos bodily, in one's own body or person, sans-i'yyds zal-diios- kyi Jcruiis-yul Pth., the place where Bud- dha was born bodily; zal-dnds-su mjdl-bar yod Glr. he is bodily to be seen. zal- sna Cs. = spyan-sna. zal-col resp. for 'a;*- col handkerchief, napkin C. zal-cdd v. Jca-cdd. zal-cu, zal-cdb Schr., Cs. spittle, saliva. zal-mcu lip, v. Ka-mcii. zal- ce judgment, decision; des ^u-bu-cag-yi zal- ce ycdd - do he shall pass sentence on us Dzl 3x53, 15, and elsewh. (the text of Sch. is not quite correct); zal-ce bcu-drug-pa and bcu-ysum-pa '(the code) with the 16 and that with the 13 judgments'; these are two distinct bodies of law, both of them in C. of standard authority; zal-ce-pa judge Dzl. zal-cems v. cems 2. zal-nyod favourite dish Sch. zdl-ta 1. also zdl-lta a. service, turn. b. inspection, visitation, revision; zdl- ta byed-pa a. to serve, b. to inspect, review, superintend ; to visit, the poor, the sick and to take care of them; to guard, zin-la the field. 2. resp. for Kd-ta, Ka-yddms direction, instruction, counsel, advice, zdl-ta zib-rgyds zu-ba to ask for accurate and detailed in- structions Mil.', zdl-ta-pa = sku-mdun-pa, zdbs-pyi waiting-man, valet-de-chambre C., Tar. 56,2: servant in a convent; more frq. fern., zdl-ta-ma waiting-woman, lady's maid, chamber-maid. zal-yddms instruction, ad- vice, )ig-rten-la dyos-pai zal-yddms ysuiis- so he imparted to her useful maxims Glr.; order, command Glr. (v. above); also, zal- yddms bris-mKan author, in as much as all printed books are considered to be sacred, and the authors generally are Lamas, whose words are looked upon as divine. zal- ydon countenance. -- zal-bddg in large re- ligious meetings a Lama, who walks about with a wand in order to preserve good order, a verger. zal- debs a free-will offering or present 6s. zal-lpdgs lip. - zal-pyis resp. napkin. zal-bdd (or pad?) C. chief overseer, superintendent. zal-bydn title, superscription, inscription. zal-fsom (for og-fsom) Pth. beard. zal-fsos Sch. (Cs. zal-fsus) = zal-zds Dzl. food. zal- zdg tobacco-pipe, v. gan-zag. zal-yzigs 1. looking with the face, Ihor, southward Glr. 2. apparition, zal-yzigs fob-pa to see an ap- 30* 474 zul-ba parition, bzugs-par zal-yzigs-sin appearing in a sitting posture Mil. nt. (cf. spyan-rds). - M-bsro Tar. 76, 12, Schf.: the act of consecrating, e.g. a temple. zdl-ba I. sbst., also zal, zd-la, zdl- rtsa or -rdza Sch. clay, lime-floor, Lex. : zfllr-ba = skydn-nul; mfil-gyi zd-la Glr. clay, cement of a floor, cf. ar-ga; plastering, rough-cast, sgo-la zal bgyis-te plastering the door with clay Glr., also applied to the anointing of sacrificial objects with butter Mil. II. vb. to serve up food, to spread a repast Sch. (5j* zi num. fig.: 51. (S'ZTpJ* zi~dtt chaff an( ^ other impurities re- moved from the grain by washing. S-q. zi-ba, Ssk. ^, to become quiet, calm, to abate, to subside; to settle, of a swell- ing W.; to be allayed, of passion, malice etc. Glr. ; to be appeased, relieved, to cease, of pain, quarrels, intoxication, maladies etc. Glr. and elsewh. ; to be atoned, blotted out, of sins Tar.; zi-bar c gyur-ba B., *zi cd-ce* W., id.; *ra, sro zi son* W. the drunken fit, the paroxysm of passion has passed over; zi-la son (the hobgoblins) became quiet, held their peace Mil. ; zi-bar byed-pa to still, sooth, appease, mitigate, *zi cug-ce* W. ; zi-byed a composing draught, Jnr^H Wise 130; more particularly with reference- to the affections: to be dispassionate, not subject to any mental emotion, zi-ba cen-por ^gyur he is getting very free from passion Do., v. below zi-ynds; also sbst. tranquillity, calmness, and adj. tranquil, calm, zi-ba dan bde-legs-su O yyur-bar mdzdd-du ysol permit us to attain to peace and happiness Dom.; zi-bai Idbs-kyis amicably, in a fair way Glr. ; so also zi-bai ytam smrd-ba Glr.; zi-bas mi ful drdg-pos O dul dgos O dug Pth. if he will not submit by fair means, he must be converted or subdued by force; zi-bai zal Pth. the expression of calmness about his mouth, his peaceful countenance; zi-bar ysegs-pa to go to rest, to die Cs.; zi-bai or Uns-skui lha-fsogs ze-ynyis Thgr. the good, the peaceable deities, opp. to those called ', differently again the word is used in : zi-ba dan Jcro-ba dan zi-ma-Kro Pth., which has been explained by Sch. as: the medium between calmness and passion, 'calm indignation'. Cs. moreover mentions zi-ba or rtag-zi-ba, as 'a name or epithet of Iswara and certain Buddhas', so that zi-ba would be equal in sound as well as in mean- ing to f^f,zi-ba-paand -ma being his male and female disciples. A. good deal of ob- scurity attaches, further, to the frequent mention of the zi-rgyas-dbah-drag, as the characteristic properties of the four parts of the world (v. gUn"), and likewise as qualities and functions of the Buddhas, gods and saints, viz. allaying diseases, con- ferring happiness and wealth, ruling over all creatures and subduing all that is unruly and hostile; to which are to be added four kinds of burnt-offerings, in the same four- fold sense, v. Schl. 250. Finally, in mysti- cism the term zi-ba acts a prominent part : and f^nsjn, shortened zi-lhdg, im- plies an absolute inexcitability of mind, and a deadening of it against any impressions from without, combined with an absorption in the idea of Buddha, or which in the end amounts to the same thing, in the idea of emptiness and nothingness. This is the aim to which the contemplating Buddhist as- pires, when, placing an image of Buddha, as rten, (v. rten 1) before him, he looks at it immovably, until every other thought is lost, and no sensual impressions from the outer world any longer reach or affect his mind. By continued practice he acquires the ability of putting himself, also without rten, merely by his own effort, into this state of perfect apathy, and of attaining after- wards even to dnos-grub, the supernatural powers of a saint. The stories that are re- lated of such achievements, and with which the work of Taranatha abounds, are, not- withstanding their absurdity, readily believ- ed by every faithful Buddhist. That there are also cases of failures, cf. smyon-pa. (3*j w zi-ma sieve, of cane or wood Ts. 475 Sj-J-j- zi-mi Schr. and Wts. (where si-mi stands), gen. zim-bu Glr., or zum-bu cat, C. SOT zig 1. = %. 2. v. Jz^pa I., 2, zig- ' rZ-6 demolished, ruined Mil. ^. zig-mer (sbst. or adj.?) dense throng, or crowded together in a mass W. (Sfc* ^> ^' s ^ s *" ^f (^ s ' ' zin-ma, ziri-po, zin-bu, perh. provincialisms), 1. field, ground, soil, arable land; fdn-zm fields in a plain, level land, ri-zin fields on a moun- tain, liill-land ; tul-zin W. (ni f.) cultivated land ; zin-Ka = zin, zin-ttai bu-mo the girls in the field Mil.; zin rmo-ba frq., to plough a field; to carry on agriculture; O debs-pa to till, to sow a field, mi ycig-gis btdb-pai a field that has been sowed by one man Glr. ; zin O cu-ba to irrigate a field (?) Cs.; rnd-ba to mow, to reap, a field, zin-mJcan reaper; *zin bdd-ce* W. to pursue husbandry; zin bgod-pa to divide or distribute land Cs. 2. fig., cf. zin- f cams, bsod-nams-kyi zin dan O prdd-pa to enter the field of merit, to turn into the path of virtue Dzl ; ydul-byai zin-du yzigs-te Pth. seeing him in the land of conversion (yet v. also 3, a.) ; region, zin bcu (Sch.: 'the ten regions') is said to signify something like: the reign of Evil. 3. equivalent to sans-rgyds-kyi zin the king- dom of Buddha, a. in an earthly sense: a holy land, a land of salvation, where Buddha resides, or at least where Buddhism pre- vails ; so also O dul-bai zin land of conver- sion Glr. ; ace. to Wts. it is a name of the earthly seat of Buddha, the residence of the Dalai Lama at Lhasa; b. supernatu- rally: heaven, paradise, Elysium i.e. one of the heavens inhabited by the Buddhist gods, or also the state of non-existence, Nirwana; zin-la peb-pa bde-bar ysegs-pa to die. 4. body, v. zih-cen, zin-lpdgs. Comp. and deriv. zin-bkod map C'., W., zin-gi bkdd-pa v. Asiat. Res. XX., 425. - zin- lean 1. summer-house, pleasure-house, pavilion W. 2. field and house, the whole estate or property W. (= yul-yzis) zw- Kdms = zin 2 and 3, frq. zin- Kruns, zin- gi Kruiis-pa or -ma the produce of the field 6s. zin-Krod many fields together Cs. zin-rgod rough, uncultivated ground Sch. zih-cen and -cun a large and a small field ; also : a large and a small body or corpse Tkgr. zin-mcog paradise, a most delightful country, an Eden, an Eldorado Pth. zih- bddg proprietor of a field, land-owner. zin -pa husbandman, farmer Dzl. zin- Ipags a skin (pulled off), hide. zin-mu boundary of a field, landmark. zin-bzdn good land, productive soil Cs. zin-ysin dead, arid, burnt soil Cs. zin-sa 1. ground, soil, arable land Cs. 2. province Sch. II. gerundial termin. = cin, q.v, Ijq* %&> res P- f' ne fl ur 5 a l so f' our ' n general, zib-Kug bag, zib-poi" box, for flour Cs. (an'n* &&?&> B-, ~ib-po Cs., zib-mo C'., W. 1. fine, of powder and similar things, zib-rtsin fine and coarse Zam. ; zib-par byed- pa, B* zib-mo co-ce* W., to make fine, to pound, to reduce to powder. 2. accurate, exact, Strict, precise, lid-ba ydm-sin spyod- lam zib-par mdzod be wide in your views, but strict in your actions Glr.; so Sch. un- derstands also zib-zib yod, zib-po med, zib- rgyu med, which ought however to be trans- lated : 'I have accurate information, I have no precise information, I have no particu- lars to communicate'; zib-mo ses-pa to know accurately; more frq. adv. zib-par, zib-tuB., *zib-ca *vulg., exactly, precisely, thoroughly zib-tu ysol-ba, ytam zib-tu byed-pa to report accurately Dzl. (the former resp.); zib-par bsdd-pa Glr. id. ; zib-par (s<?s-) O ddd-na if you wish to know it accurately Glr. ; bka zib-tu bgros-pa resp., to consult carefully Pth ; bka-mcid ysun-glen zib-tu bgyid gentle- men, discourse as freely as you please! Mil.; las-rgyu- Q bras zib-tu mi rtsi-na if one does not strictly regard the doctrine of retaliation Mil; *%ib-ca Itos (or to*) W.look at it well, carefully ; *zib-ca zer* W. pronounce it accu- rately; *zib-ca cp'-pa*C. to examine closely; *zib-sdl* W. accurately and distinctly. zim-fog-le n. of a medicinal herb Med. zim-pa, gen. zim-po, well-tasted, sweet- scented, *zim-po ray* W. I find the 476 (3&!"CT zim-bu taste or smell of it agreeable; sa O di Ihdg- par zim-na this meat being of a better taste DzL', zim-rgyui zas food prepared of sa- voury things Zam.', dri-zim, dri-ysun zim- po pleasant odour DzL ; dri mi zim-pa dis- agreeable smell Glr.- *zim-ze* also *zim- zim* C., *zim-zag* W. sweet-meats, confec- tionery, *zim-zag-tsdn-kan* W. confectioner ; *zim-lto-can* W. dainty-mouthed, a sweet- tooth. zim-bu v. zi-mi. (3* zu, 1. num. figure: 81. 2. v. zu-ba. zu-ddg, (SjST^l* zus-ddg amendment, "NJ> improvement, correction^ the word is also added at the end of written books, e.g. of Taranatha, as an attestation of a careful revision ; zu-ddg byed-pa to mend, improve, correct | ran-rgyud zu-ddg byed-pa to exa- mine and reform one's self Cs. zu-dag-mfcan reviser, corrector, censor Cs., zu-cen-gyi lots-fsa-ba a great corrector or commentator (of Ssk. writings), seems to have become a current title. (S*n* zu-ba I. vb., pf. zus (esp. in later writ- -J> ings and vulgo, in ancient literature gen. ysol-bar for it) signifies 1. every kind of speaking to a person of higher rank, there- fore to request, to prefer a suit or petition, to make a report, to put a question etc., zu- zin ysol-ba-la O gro-bai fse when I have to bring in a petition DzL; ^mndl-lam de yzdn- la mi ysun-bar zu' zus-so 'pray, do not relate the dream to others', he begged Glr. ; yndn- bar zu byds-pas saying, 'I beg you will per- mit', Glr.; snar mfon-bai dftos-po de-dag zuo I will ask him about the things lately seen, I shall request an explanation of him DzL; nd-la gdn-dag zu-ba de legs-so it is very right of you, thus to ask me about every thing Do.; rgydl-poi drun-du rmi-lam zus-pa he related the dream before the king Pfli. ; ston-pa zu (pa col. for par) I request (you) to explain Mil. ; der O byon-pa zu 'thi- ther to come I request' Mil.\ de-la mledn- po zus they besought him to be their abbot Glr. ; yndit-ba zii-ba to ask permission Cs. zu-ba 2. In W. this zu has become a word of civility to the widest extent, as it is not only added to almost every sentence of a speech or a letter, something like our 'with your permission' or 'if you please', e.g. *zan ci med-na na do yin zu* if you have noth- ing further (to say), I shall go, with your permission; *lco leb son zu* he is arrived, if you please; but it also supplies every kind of salutation in coming or going, hence *zu zer-ce*, resp. *zu zu-ce*, to make or give one's compliments, *a-pa-ne zu mdn-po zu dug* my father's best respects (ci.pyag). Inst. of zu, )u is also frq. heard (vulgo), e.g. *ju sab jul* good day, Sir, good day! which prob. is only an intensation of sound, and not to be referred to the Indian gft. *ci-la zu* W. why, well then, mind! *'- la zu, nyi-rdn ne tsar ma kyod-pa yun-riri kyod* well, I have not seen you this age! The word is also used as a sbst., for request, wish, question, *zu-wa Jbul-ba* C., *pul-ce* W., yton-ba Glr. to make a request, to put a question; ydan- dren-pai zu-ba nan- can pul-bas Mil. assailing him with pressing invitations. II. (prop. fut. of O ju-bd) pf. (b}zu(s), fut. (b)zu, (imp.?) 1. to melt, trs. and intrs., bzu-btid v. sub lugs; bzu-byai yser gold to be melted Cs. ; zu - bai Hams whatever is melting or fusible, metals Sch.; zuo it melted (from the heat) DzL; f od-du zu-nas dissolv- ing in light Glr. frq. 2. to digest, zu- byed-kyi sman digestive medicine Cs. (cf. O ju-byed)', ma-zu(-ba} undigested, zas ma zu-ba undigested food, also indigestion, suf- ferings arising from it; ma-zui nad id. ; ma- zu )u-ba to decompose what is undigested Med.; opp. to zu-rjes it seems to denote more particularly the chyme before it is mixed with bile, and perh. also the duode- num where this takes place; so the region of zu dan ma-zui bdr-na is stated to be the place, where the bile is principally ope- rating S.g. Cf. O ju-ba. Comp. zu-skyogs W. crucible, melting- spoon. zu-mkan l. petitioner. 2. digester; n. of an officinal plant, spa-n-zitn Wdn. 477 y-.s<, zu-gUn,zu-glen byed-pa to address, accost, resp. C. zu-rgyd (v. rgya-ma) 1. petitio- nary letter, petition, suit. 2. any writing addressed to superiors, zu-rgyu the sub- ject of a petition or suit. *zu-'/i6-pa* J C., intercessor, advocate, mediator, *zu-no jhe'-pa* to intercede, to advocate. zu- r)es i . the chyme mixed with bile (cf. ma-zu above). 2. the place of it. zu-rjes na I feel a pain there Med. 3. eructation, rising, Kd- la zu-rjes skyur S.g. caused by beer ; ro dan zu-ries mndr-mo Med. a sweetish taste and rising (from the stomach). zu-rten the present which, according to oriental notions, has necessarily to attend or introduce a petition. zu-don prop, drift, subject of a petition; in a general sense = zu-ba re- quest, suit, address, communication etc. zu-snd (pronounced *zu-nd*) W. = zu-no. zu-po., zu-ba-po = zu-mKan 1. zu-byed v. above zu-Jbftl, pronounced *zum-bul*, petitioning, making a suit in an humble pos- ture with folded hands Cs. zu-yig, zu- sog, zu-bai prin-yig a petition, zu-yig-gi rten = zu-rten. zu-ldn answer to a pe- tition. zu-Ug a feigned, false, designing suit, *gydb-pa* to address such a one C. (3am' z u 9 s , res P- fire, e.g. the fire lighted >J> ' for cremation Tar. 7, 4. ' zugs-pa v. Jug-pa. zun-ztin with byed-pa to nod Or bow repeatedly, of a pigeon Mil. zud-pa \ . to twine, to twist W. *zud- ce, zu-ce*. 2. to spin Cs., zu-Kdr spindle, distaff. 3. to rub Cs. 4. to hang up, to suspend 7s. zud-fdg = dpyan-fdg. z un -p a melted 6s.; *zun tdn-ce* W. to melt, trs ; zun-fdr byed-pa to melt and beat to pieces Mil.; zun-figs spark flying from red-hot iron W.; zun-ma that which is melted, ysei sogs zun-mai puii-po heaps of melted gold and other metals Glr. zun-mar v. mar. zun-mo melted, whatever melts easily Cs. (who spells it bzun-mo). j'r zum-pa 1. sbst. fear, dismay, despon- xl dency, faint-heartedness, verm zum-na if I continue undismayed Dzl ; dkon-ntct'g ysum-la zum-pa-med-par bkur-bsti byed-pa to honour the three most Precious undaunt- edly, with a cheerful heart; sems rdb-lu ziim- par gyur-fo they became greatly dejected in mind, their spirits were much cast down Pth. - 2. vb. *lbu-u-a zum-ce* W. to scum, to skim (off). zum-bu = zi-mi. zur, 1 . snout, muzzle, trunk. 2. sup. of zu ba. zut-zM, Ts.: *zu-za)he'-pa* to > - stroke, to caress. zus-ddg v. zu-ddy, ^pfCJ" zus-pa v. zu-ba. S- ze (cf. Zen) 1. inclination, affection, heart, ^ mind; volition; there is a proverb in C.: *mi Kd-po-ce-la ze me\ cu nyog-po-ce-la tin me* a braggart has no mind, as muddy wa- ter has no bottom, i.e. as in muddy water you cannot see the bottom, so you cannot rely on the solid principles of a braggart; Ka-ze v. Jca, com p.; ze bkon-pa or Jcon-pa a hating mind, rkdm-pa Sch. a covetous, fag pa Mil. a sincere, ndg-po C. a wicked, ytsdn-ba Sch. a pure heart or mind, or also hating, covetous etc. as to mind (several other combinations of this kind, given by Sch. , are too doubtful to be copied); ze- ycod-pa Sch. : 'to lose courage, to have no longer any inclination for', perh. better, to resign, and ze-bcdd resignation, as a Bud- dhist virtue Mil.\ on the other hand, ze ycod-pai fsig Sch.: 'slanderous words' which, e.g. Dzl. 3, 11, well agrees with the con- text, but is not clear in point of etymology. ze-diig damage, destruction Sch., byed- pa to cause, to inflict. ze-Ug v. zen-log sub zen-pa. ze-sun angry, cross, ill- humoured, vexed. 2. numerical word for bzi-bcu in the abridged numbers ze-ycig etc., 41 to 49. 3. numerical figure: 111. (a}"<3J* ze-na, rarely zes-na, v. ce-na. ze-sa reverence, respect, civility, polite- ness, ze-sa dan beds -pa reverential, respectful 7V//.: dci Jus-su mis pyay dan - 478 zen zo-sd ze-sa mi ses-pas because at that time people knew little of compliments and politeness Pth.; ze-sa byed-pa to show honour, respect, mdm-gyur mdzes-pai ze-sa Q bul-ba to ar- range mimic performances in honour of some persons, (which also at the present time is frequently done in these countries); complimentary word (for ze-sai fsig\ md- bai ze-sa snyan the complimentary word for rna-ba is snyan Zam. **, /^ & (W. *zan*) 1. breadth, width, zen-can broad (road, valley), wide, spacious, *zen Ka-cem- po* C. id.; zen-med, zen-prd-mo, *zen-cun- se* W. narrow; zen-du in breadth Sambh.; -en-sin writing-tablet = snum-ylegs. 2. plain, surface, side, zeh-ce-ba ynyis the two broad sides (of a pillar) Glr. jar-q- zed-pa to fear, to be afraid, synon. to -^igs-pa Thyr. frq.; zed-nas full of apprehensions Pth. Svr-j- zen-pa (cf. ze), vb. c. la, 1. to desire, to long for, to be attached to, to be partial to, to be taken with, Kyed-la zen-cin cogs I love you ardently (eptD) Glr.; bod- Jbdrts nd-la zen-ce-zin dyd-ba-mams the people of Tibet, that are affectionately at- tached to me Glr.; sbst.: desire, longing, e.g. to hear more of a thing Mil.- also greediness, covetousness; rdn- dod-zen-pa self-love, self- ishness, egotism Glr.; pyogs-zen Tar. 184, 22, party-spirit, party-agitation; cdgs-med zen- med free from passion or interest Mil.; zen- pa zlog suppress your passion Mil. ; fse O di- la zen ldog-pa to be disgusted with this life Thgy. ; *zem-pa ma log-na dhe'-pa mi yon* C. before one has renounced every de- sire, one cannot believe. Comp. zen-Ka, ze-Jca = zen-pa sbst., Sch. -en-Kris Mil., zen-cdgs frq., also vulgo, zen- dzin Glr. inclination, desire, passion, attachment, *zen-dzin co-ce* W. to love, to be attached. zen-don, resp. bzed-don, ob- ject of desire Cs. zen-log(-pa, cf. above), disinclination, antipathy, disgust; in an ascetic sense: resignation Mil.; ^ig-rten zen-Ug-gi gan-zdg a man tired of this world -mKan fastidious, squeam- ish, easily disgusted ; *ze-mi-Ug-ken* C. one that is not easily disgusted, not squeamish. - 2. = Ijen-pa to penetrate, to be fixed, of colours etc., ras dkar-po fson zen-pa Itar as a colour is fixed in white cloth, is lasting Dzl zem-zem Ld. an inferior kind of silk, of which the handkerchiefs consist, that are presented to foreign visi- tors etc. as a welcome or mark of respect, cf Ka-btdgs. /ax- zer, zer O debs-par byed-pa Cs.: to chide, rebuke, which, however, in the only passage, where I met with the word, does not suit the sense very well. zer-po 'mean, pitiful, coarse' Cs. zes v. ces. $? zo, I. dram, a small weight = T 1 ounce, ^ of skar-liia, v. skdr-m'a; yser-zo-gaii l*th. a dram of gold; yser zo ysum-brgyd between 1 and 2 pounds of gold; as a coin it is stated to be = 2 / 3 rupee. 2. resp. ysol- zo thick milk, curds, zo bsnydl-ba to place milk to curdle; milk in gen., esp. mai nu- zo Dzl., md-zo col., mother's milk; zo- fuh dus-na during the time of suckling, zo-spd/ts zas zai dus-na after the child has been weaned Med.i zo dkrog-pa, skrog-pa, bsrub-pa to churn, to butter Lex. 3. a small white spot, sen-zo on a finger nail, so-zo on a tooth Glr. 4. num. figure: 141. Comp. zo-ka prob. = zo, Thgy. zo-skyd Med.i zo-cdgs Med.i - zo-priim Sch. : 'a vessel for thick milk 1 (?), perh. pru. zo- rds Med., Sch.: spoiled milk. if zo-ri* W., (like ru-ma 6'.) sour milk, used to acidify new milk; in a gen. sense: ferment, leaven, *zo- dzi* Ts. zo-si Sch. zo-rds. zo-sri, ris-ma Wdt't. cream. zo-sd 1. force, efficiency ( '. 2. n. of a medicinal fruit, zo-sd ysum, viz. mfcdl-zo-sa kidney-shaped, healing diseases of the kidneys (in W. the chesnut bears this name), snyiti-zo-sa heart-shaped, healing diseases of the heart; gla-gor-zo-sa is >:ml to be given to horses; besides man-pa- 479 zog and mcer-pa-zo-sa are mentioned. 3. toll(?), pay(?), 20-sas /so-6a Tar., %. a publican Cs. , a soldier Schr., prob. any officer that receives salary or pay. j' zog, imp. of Jty-pa. yzdms-pa zogs v. mar-zogs. T zogs-pa Med., zog-ka Sch., = s/m- <//-o morning, fore-noon; zogs-)a tea at breakfast 6s. /gr- 20/i lower, nether, zon-Kan-pa the lower part of the house, zon-rtse the lower and the upper part; zoti-zdn deepened, ex- cavated, hollow, uneven C. Sjr- oe? 1. the original meaning of the word 1 is yet uncertain; at present used in C.: *zo > de-wa, zo-jdg*, peace, quietness, tran- quillity, *Ko zo' -de-la mi zag** he gives him no rest, causes him much trouble; *sem-kyi zo' de-mo* peace of mind, evenness of tem- per; *zo > or zo' de-mo or jdm-pa gentle- ness, meekness. 2. Sch.: high-water, floods, inundations Wts., C.; siia fan pyi zod first drought, then inundation Wdk. 3. udder W., C. /&*'! zon-pa, resp. O cib-pa to mount, c. la; rtd-la zon-pa to ride, on horseback, siii-rta-la to ride, in a carriage, frq.; rtd- la zon-nas Ihd-pyogs-su O gro-ba to ride southward, to travel on horseback towards the south S.g. ; also c. accus. : bzon-pa zon- pa to mount a horse or a carriage Lex.', zon-du ^jug-pa (= skyon-pd) to let mount. (eS;rr zom-pa, = jams-pat rgas zom-ste weighed down by old age Sch.- cf. fzom-pa. ^' zor, ^*ft|* zor-la etc. v. sbyor-la. S^j- zol 1. zol-yydg, yak-bull, Bos gi-unniens Sch.] rd-ma zol-mo a long-haired goat Mil. nt. 2. village belonging to a convent Mil., so Shikatse is the sde-zol of Tashi- Ihunpo. 3. postp., under, Sch. (cf fzol- ba II). yza-ba Sch. : l . to sport, joke, play, sing, (cf. ga-yzd). 2. to believe. trust, confide. yza-fson earlier form for ja-fson rain-bow. " yza-ysan = yyuii-dmn Lex. a v. Jog-pa. yzan 1 . anus Med., yzdh-Ka id. ; yzan- ndd, yzan- brum piles, hemorrhoids Med. ; yzan-srin a kind of intestinal worms Lt. 2. privy parts, *zah- tdg* W. cata- memal blood; *zdii-fson-ma* W. = smdd- fson-ma; *zaii-sfon* W., without breeches, with a bare posterior. yzan, yzdn-pa, yzdn-ma (the last esp. in W.\ 1. adj. and sbst, other, the Other, another, zan mi the other men DzL, yzdn-pas Ihdg-par more than others DzL; slob-ma yzdn-dag the other scholars DzL; mfsan yzdn-pa the other signs Dzl. ; blon- po yzdn-ma-rnams the other ministers Glr.; bu-mo yzdn-pas ce-rgyu med she is not taller than the other girls (pas = las, not from pa) Glr.; yzan rgol ma ntts others were not able to resist them (= nobody could do them any harm) Glr.', yzdn-du to some other place, O gr6-ba to go (to some other place) = to go away, to start; elsewhere; in another way, v. example Q dzin-pa 1, 4; also: yzdn-du ma sems sigDzl., suppose or believe nothing else, do not think that the matter can be otherwise, frq. used like our 'of course'; yzdn-na elsewhere; yzdn-nas from some other place; fzdn-nas ^riib-tu med it cannot be accomplished from any other quarter, by any body else Mil. 2. adv. otherwise, else, on the other hand W. yzdn- yafi further, furthermore, or else, (just) to men- tion some other circumstance, frq. yzan- bsgrub Lex. seems to be some logical term Gram. yzan- pridn. of a heaven inhabit- ed by certain gods Glr., Mil. yzan-dbdn dependent on others Was , cf ron-dbdn. yzdb-pa to lick Sch. yzdms-pa v. bzvms-pa. 4*0 - :zdr-yan yzdr-yait Lex. = ndm-yan; Pth.: fzar-yaii mi never (Sch. and Schr. prob. incorr.). yzdl-ba, fut. of jdl-ba, to weigh, srdn-la yzdl-bar nus-kyi if one could weigh with a pair of scales Glr.; yzdl- dgos-lyi rdzas Sch.; 'goods for which duties are to be paid', liable to duty, to custom; yzal-du-med-pa imponderable Stg.; immense- ly much /'///..- immeasurable, incomparable, infinite, vast; yzal med, yzal-yds id.; yzal- med-Kdn, more frq. yzal-yas-Kan, also yzal- med-kati-bzcm palace, rarely used of human palaces (so Glr. in one passage, when speak- ing of the house of a Brahmin), mostly of the abode of gods Pth. and elsewh.; also Tibet, in po. language, is called a lha-rnds yzal-yas-Kdn , the heavens with the sun a no-mtsdr lhai yzal-yas-Rdti. yzal-fsdd measure, scale, standard Sch. f zas P la Y> s P rt J est > Joke Sch , Lea;.: yzi(-ma) 1 . that from which and J on which a thing arises, exists, depends; ground, foundation, original cause, exciting cause fo^f Was. 234); dge-tigs tams- cdd Jyyun-bai yzi(-ma) the primitive source of all happiness (is the doctrine of Bud- dha) Glr. ; yzi-skye-med without origin and birth Mil.; yzir bzdg-pa prob.: to use as a foundation Mil., Tar.; *gor-zi* W. cause of delay; md-yzi v. as an article of its own sub ma; rtsig-yzi foundation of a wall Cs.; nyiin-yzi, Id-yzi turnips, radishes, left for seed (being the foundations, as it were, of new plants); in yzi-sems-nyid, yzi-cos-nyid it prob. stands as an apposition, in the sense of kun-yzi: the spirit, the primeval cause; in a special sense: the innermost essence, inherent nature; yzi-nas actually, opp. to 'apparently' Mil; fundamental law, statute, yzicen-po title of a book Was. 264 ; in certain cases it may be translated by action, v. run- ba 2, c. 2. ground, floor, yzi-ma gru-bzi a square floor Glr. ; steh-yi yzi the upper base, top-surface Stg. 3. residence, abode, home, fzi O dzin-pa to take up one's resi- dence in a place Mil. and elsewh. ; yzi O bebs- yzis-ka pa W. "'pab-ce* id.; fzi-ma rob cig f>6g-nas bzdg-yo he assigned to him a nice dwelling- place and established him there Glr.; seat, place,c f os-^2/ seat of religion, monastery Tar. and elsewh.; school of religion Tar. 44, 17; yzi '/'cig-tu skdd-cig kyan mi sdod-de in no place resting for a moment (the arrow flies towards its goal) Thgy.; *zi cig-tu* C. the same as rtse yciy-tu. 4. in philosophy: axiom, proposition Was. (58) ; contents, tenor (299); basis, support (273). 5. Sch.: en- mity?? 6. also ze (cf. fzes} a definition of time or of relationship: yzi-nih, ze-nin two years ago, yzi-mes great-great-grand- fa the v,yzi-mes-mo great-great-grandmother, yzi-fsd great-great-grandchild Sch. Comp. yzi-dyon monastery of the place, in or near a village, usually very small and harbouring but a few monks. yzi-ji-bzin- pa a recluse, 'who stays where he is' Burn. J, 310. yzi-bddy lord of the manor, lord of the soil, may denote a king or noble- man, but gen. it is a local deity, presiding over a certain district, to whom travellers are bound to offer sacrifice, and whom to offend they must carefully avoid. qilfrrq* f zi y-P a * * examine, search, try, rtog- (or brtag-} yzig legs-par yton- ba to select and arrange carefully, e.g. books Pth. ; lo dan zld-bar rtog-fzig zib-tu yton- ba to search minutely as to the day and year Pth.; bsam-yzig yton-ba = bsam-blo yton-ba to weigh, consider Pth. 2. fut. of jig-pa. yzib-pa fut. of jib-pa. r yzibs-pa to put or lay in order Lex., *zib-zib co-ce(sy W., *ton- C. id. yzil-ba fut. of jil-ba, yzis-ka native place, native country Lex.\ yul-yzis house, estate, pro- perty Mil. = zin-Kdn paternal estate; j>a- yzis the father's domicile as inheritance;/^ sgril-ba to change one's abode, to remove to another place Sch.; yzis-pa a native Sch.; yzis-mad family, household, wife, children and - zu domestics; yzi-byes Sch. : native and foreign, at home and abroad. _p. yzu, also yzu-mo Mil., resp. ynam-ru '4 B. and col., 1. bow, for shooting, yzu bi-os he constructed a bow Glr. ; yzu O gen- ba, W. *kdn-ce*, to bend the bow and have it ready, frq.; O fen-pa Pth., and O gugs-pa Cs., id.; O bud-pa to unbend (the bow) 6s.; rdun-ba (Dzl. V, 1 5, ?s?, 1 1 . Gyatch. 7$f, 10), ace. to explanations given by Lamas: to make the bow-string sound by a sudden pull or jerk, = yzu-rgyud sbren-ba Dzl., which both as to matter and language seems preferable to other explanations that have been given. 2. arch, in architecture 6s., yzu-lugs-su Jbub-pa 'to arch in the form of a bow' 6s.; capital, chapiter, v. ka-ba. - 3. resp. for *zum-mdr-pa* lamp, *zim-zu* id., *gon-zu* lantern 6'. (spelling uncertain). Comp. yzu-mKan bow-maker. yzu- rgyud bow-string Dzl. yzu-can, yzu-lddn furnished with a bow. yzu-mcog Lex., Sch.: 'the two ends of a bow'; yzu-mcog O dzugs-pa to rest one end of the bow on some object (?) Mil. yzu-fog an arched roof 6s. yzu-fogs holding a bow, archer Ld.-Glr. yzu-brtdn n. of an ancient In- dian king Gl. yzu-doms a cord, fathom, as a standard measure, opp. to any abitrary measure (so explained by a Lama). yzu- pa bow-man, archeKf yzur-subs, bow-case Wdn. yzu-ba to strike, to lash, Icdg-gis with a whip. manr fzugl.^mjug, q.v., end, extremity; 'U ' fzug-gu, yzug-cuii Med. coccyx; rump or ventletof birds Sch. ; yzug-rmen theglauds of it Sch. ; gral-yzug the end of a row Glr. ; mgo-yzug upper and lower end, e.g. of a stick Glr. ; lo-yzug-la at the end of the year Mil; mnag-yzug household-servants, suite Sch. 2. v. Jug^pa. fzun 1. the middle, midst. 2. spinal marrow S.g., &\soklad-yzun Sch.,yzun- rins Mil. *gyab-zun-la zug rag* W. I feel a pain in the middle of my back; Ice-yzun the middle of the tongue; yzun-nas in a direct way, opp. to zur-nas. Comp. *zun-go* C. middle door, princi- pal door or gate. *zuii-cdg* W. partition- wall, *cdd-ce* to construct one. yziin-pa a man from the middle part of the country, neither stod-pa nor sdm-pa W. yzun-ma \ . the middle of a thing 6's.; as a proper name : the middle part of Lhasa, containing the royal palace, also yzun-sa-dga-lddn. 2. the back-part of fur Sch. 3. kernel, pith, main substance Sch. 4. the original . the source, text; fzun-lugs id. Tar. qi/-jrq. yzun-ba pf. yzuns Cs. : 'to attend, sl to be heedful; attention, fzum-pa heedful'; Sch. has: 'sincere, orderly', and for the current phrase yidyzuns-pa he gives: 'a quiet and prudent mind or behaviour'. But the way in which the word is used in books, where it frequently occurs in con- junction with mKds-pa, as well as in the popular expressions zuh-Kan and zuh-med- fcan = blo-rno and blo-dmdn, would rather suggest the version: acuteness of perception, a good and quick comprehension. fzud-pa Sch. : 'to go, to walk, to put into'. fzim-po excellent in its kind, yser yzun-po the purest gold, ston-fog fzun-po a capital crop 6*. . yzur-ba to shear, shave, cut off, *ta* the hair 6'., leaves, branches 6s. (cf. bzdr-baty. z *^" fze-ra parsley 6'. " fzen v. zen. fzen the act of remembering or re- minding, *nyin-la zen yon-ce fri-la {If* W. in order not to forget it, I have written it down ; yzen skul - ba Lex. to remind a person; yzen btdd-pa or ace. to another reading btdb-pa, i.e. O debs-pa to admonish, exhort Dzl. 7f?, 9. yzen-pa to light, kindle, inflame Sch. ; rdn-byun-gi mes zitgs-la, prob. to be set in flames by spontaneous fire('?) Tar. 7, 4. y* 68 the second day after to - morrow Lea;.; ;f to-re nan -la ze-la* W. to- ai 482 yzes-pa bzdms-pa morrow, the day after to-morrow, on the fourth day; yzes-rnyin Cs. = yzi-niii. yzes-pa (= bzugs-pa yet less used), resp. for to sit, stay, wait, cuh tsam yzes sig wait a little! Dzl. ?%?, 12 (another reading : bzugs sig). fzo-ba for bzd-ba, v. Jo-ba. T fzog-pa v. jog-pa. f z ogs the side of the body, = glo; yzogs yyas yyon the right and left side Sch.; yzogs - su sideways Sch.; yzogs slon-ba Lex., fzoys-sloti byed-pa Cs. to speak allusively; yzogs-smod byed-pa to prejudice a person against another insidiously, to create enmity Thgy.; it is also used like a verb: yzogs-te rtsdb-pa to be insolent with a fair appearance, opp. to nor downright Thgy. yzogs-pyed nd-ba Do. prob. an inaccurate expression for pain in one side. .-,. yzon-pa wooden basin, trough, tub washing-tub; Uyi-yzon. (col. * --- zon*) trough for feeding dogs and other animals, also manger W.; *tud-zoh* W. prob. id.; *cag-zon* W. trough for dry horse- meat; *tab -zon* winnowing -tray, inst. of a shovel; in books the word is used in a wider sense, in such expressions as yser-, dnul-, Jcar-, rdo-yzon. yzons Lex. = Ijons. cn/Xx*r yzon-pa 1. sbst. v. bzon-pa. 2. adj. young, yzon-pa de na-re the younger one said Mil. ; rgydl-po sku-nd yzon- pa the young king; bdag yzon-pas as I am still young, I as the younger one, the youngest Dzl. ; yzon-pa ^gd-zig some young people Mil. ; yzon-dus bu-med who in their younger years had no children; yzon-nu a youth, frq., yzon-nu-fso plur. Mil.; yzon- nu-ma or bu-mo yzon-nu Dzl. virgin, maiden, girl; se-ba yzon-nu a young rose Wdh.; yzon- nu dan brdl-bar byed-pa to deprive a girl of her virginity 6s., yzon-nu-brdl a girl that has lost her virginity 6s. ; yzon-nu-nas from a child, from infancy Mil. ; yzon-grogs youthful companion Mil. ; yzon-sa-can with youthfnl flesh, yzon-sa-can-du O gyur-ba Glr. to grow young again. ob 1. me-yzob singeing, or what has been singed, wool, hair, feathers etc.; a mark from burning; yzob - dri Sch. also yzob-ro smell of singeing; -/zob-tu ^yur-ba to be singed, seared Pth.\ *zob gydb-pa* C. to singe off; fig. nai lus-sems yzob-tu fal Glr. my body and soul were seared, deeply afflicted. 2. W. a crash, e.g. of a tree breaking down. : zom-pa 1. v. joins-pa. 2. to break in two, to tear Sch.; in W. used of metal vessels bent or bruised. yzor v. jor. q. yzol-ba 1. to apply one's self dili- gently 6s., cos-la fugs yzol-ba Pth. id. resp. 2. to comprehend, to fathom (?) Sch. 3. resp. for Jbdb-pa to alight, light from, dismount, v. cibs; cf. ako zol. c H(5^r y%os for bzos, v. jo-ba. jn/an* bza, in Lexx. mentioned as the same with brldn-pa. q^spr bzag 1. large intestine, = ynye-ma; ' bzag-sgor-mo the windings of the intestines Glr., Mil. 2. certain muscles under the arms Mng. 3. Sch.: 'flesh of animals that died of disease'. bzdg-pa 1. v. )6g-pa. 2. to tear, wear, intrs., of cloth etc. ; to burst, crack, split , W. aaar bzad, also bzdd-pa Pth. swan ; bzad- ' dkdr Lex. ; bzad-lddn Schr. : 'a pond with swans on it'. aesR'ST ZMSK'nr bzdd-pa, yzdd-ya to laugh, smiled'.; bzdd-Ka-ma* girl with a smiling face Mil.; bzad -gad laughter, feg-pa to raise (a laughter) Mil., bzad-gdd-mKan Tar. buffoon, jester; bzdd- mo smile, laughing, laughter, bzdd-mo bzdd- pa to laugh; bzdd-pa-mo, bzad-lddn-ma n. of a goddess, Ssk. Hasawati 6s, SJ" bzdb-pa v. jdb-pa. bzdms-pa l.also yzdms-paSchr. 1 ? to Stroke, p'ydg-gis resp. with the hand, to coax, caress; hence bzdms-te Dzl. 483 bzdr-ba , might perh. be rendered: to appease, to pacify. 2. bzams-bsgo byed-pa Lex. to remind of, to call to mind. bzdr-ba to scrap e, with a knife, to shave or shear, with a razor Med.\ skra bzdr-ba the hair. q|j- bzi 1. four; bzi-pa, bzi-po cf. dgu-, bzi- P bcu (col. *zib-cu*} 40, bzi-bcu-rtsa-ycig ( W.*zib-cu-ze-cig\ ze-ycig etc. the numbers 4149; bzi-brgyd 400, bzi-ston 4000 etc.; bzi-ca one fourth, a quarter; bzi-fsan-gyi- sde-pa pyed-dan-brgydd the 7^ tetrads (of letters) Gram. 2. often incorr. for ' or yzi. Asm 1. sbst. face, countenance, rdb-tu mi-sdug-pa (of) a very ugly face Dzl., legs-pa, mdzes-pa Glr. (of) a handsome, a pretty face ; bzin-mdzes-ma a woman or girl with a pretty face; bzin zdgs-te the face dripping (from perspiration); bzin O dzum-pa dan bcas-pa with a friendly smiling coun- tenance JVM.; tyin-pags ser-po the skin of the face being yellow (as in bilious complaints) Miig. ; bzin-rds the appearance, nan-pa Med. ; bzin-bzdn, fern, bzin-bzan-ma, a polite ad- dress: my dear Sir; kye bzin-bzan-dag much respected gentlemen! also in other instances as a word of politeness: b^in-bzdn-ma de- dag lans-te the ladies rose and . . .; it seems to be particularly in favour, when appari- tions are addressed Mil. 2. particle, the meaning of which corresponds in part to that of the Greek prep, xara c. ace., gen. used as an adv. bzin-du or b%in. but also as an adj. with pa: a. joined to verbal roots, bzin serves to form with them a partic. pres., and bzin-du a gerund, t'ugs-mnyes-bzin-pai ndii-la in a rejoicing frame of mind, in a joyful mood Mil. ; !cri-la bzugs-bzin-du sitting on the chair Dzl.', skrdg-bzin-du from fear Dzl. (cf. xcttf UTTVOV); mdans ^gyur bzin-du whilst his colour changes Dzl. ; mi ses bzin- du ses-so zes zer not knowing it he pretends to know it Stg. ; ddd-bzin-du log son 'credentes discesserunt 1 , believing they went away Mil. b. bzin(-du) as postp. c. ace., agreeably, in conformity, according to, very frq.; cos bzin- du according to the precepts of religion Dzl.(cL xata vo'/uoJ 1 ), rgydl-pos bsgo-babzin- bzugs-pa du sgrub-pa to execute a thing according to the king's command, to perform his order frq.; Kyod ji-skad smrds-pa bzin-du yzdn- dag-la bsnydd-de relating to the others ac- cording to what has been said by you, = relating what you have said Dzl.', yid-bzin- du to heart's content frq. ; like, as, n O gyel- ba like the breaking down of a mountain Dzl.; also with a pleonastic Itar: mKdn-po ji-ltar ysun-ba bzin Glr., or, which would be the sa,me,ji-bzin ysun-ba Itar, as the very learned gentleman has said, foretold; de bzin- du SO = de-ltar; de-de-bzin-no yes, that is so; de-bzin-nyid (cnefTn)? truth, reality, sub- stance, essentiality Was. (272), identity (297), in mysticism cos-nyid Thgy., v. cos, comp. c. pyi-bzin(-du), pyir-bzin(-du) after- wards, subsequently (cf. xaro'rrta^e). d. distrib. nyin-re-b%in(-du), daily, per day (y.a$ rj/Lisyav), nyin-ycig-bzin-du id. ; re-re- bzin-gyi mdzad-pa Glr. his daily doings. q/a'q* bzu-ba, v. zu-ba II. and ^ju-ba, to >J melt. bzugs-pa, res p. for sddd-pa and ^dug-pa, 1. to Sit, bzugs-su ysol B, bzugs (-zu) col., please sit down! bzugs-tiri chair; throne. 2. to dwell, reside, bzugs-pai po-brdn castle of residence Dzl. ; bzugs-pai rten asmall temple in which a deity resides Dzl. ; bzuys - grogs fellow - lodger : 3. to remain, stay, exist, live, jig-rten- du bzugs-pa to be in the world, to live on earth, of Buddha and saints; also, still to remain in the world ; ston-pa bzugs-pai dus- su during the life-time of the Teacher (Bud- dha) Tar.; Kyed O dir bzugs cos-mdzdd ye devout here present == my devout friends! Mil. ; *zug yo-dham* C. are you at home? *ku zug nan yo-dham* C. are you coming? = welcome! well-met! ; transferred to writ- ings, texts etc., to be contained, so in titles of books: mdzans-blun zes-byd-ba bzugs-so the so-styled 'Sage and Fool' is contained (in the present volume); blo-la bzugs-pa dan glegs-bdm-du bzugs-pa tams-cdd yi-ger spel all that was found in the memories (of individual persons) and in books, was re- corded Tar. 31* 484 bzM-pa 3* za bziid-pa, resp. to go away, to depart, B. frq. ; par bzud pray, go away ! (opp. to fsur-byon). bzun v. zun. bzur-ba 1. = yzur-ba, bzdr-ba Cs. - -2. to strain, filter, Sch. * bzus-pa v. zw-6a. bzen-ba, pf. and imp. 60/Js 6rZr., resp. for slon-ba, to raise, erect, set up, an image, temple ; to manufacture, com- pose, sacred things, e.g. pictures, books; to draw up, frame, write, print, or cause it to be done; to found, endow, give, books to monasteries etc. bzens-pa 1. pf. (Abzeii-ba. '2. resp. for Idn-ba to rise, get up, intrs. to bzen-ba; also with ydr^-la) Glr.; *nyi-rdn zdns(-sa*} W. are you risen? *zan(ij* please to get up! bzed-pa I. vb., resp. for O dod-pa, to Wish, desire, rgydl-po yzigs bzed- dam does your Reverence wish to see the king ? Dzl.; rgydl-po ndn-du Jbyon-par bzed- pa-la as the king wished to enter Glr.', rta mi bzed-na if your Reverence does not wish to have the horse Mil.', in science: to accept, mKdn-pa pyi-ma-dag mi bzed-^pa legs it is well that learned men of later times do not accept it, approve of it Gram.; to assert, maintain, so-soi bzed-fsul mdn-na yah al- though many different propositions are to be met with Wdk. ; snd - mas bzed earlier writers are of opinion, insist on G~ram.\ of letters : ga- pul bzed certain letters require S] for a prefix Zam. II. supposition, view, opinion Tar. 113, 21. bzed-don resp. wish. desire Cs., bzed - don O grub it happens ac- cording to one's wish, as one could wish Cs. S_.... bzes-pa I. vb., resp. for len-pa to take, receive, accept; to seize, con- fiscate, B., C. ( W. *ndm-ce* synon.) ; fcdb-tu bzes-pa and zdl-gyis bzes-pa v. Kab and zal] esp. at meals, to take, to eat, ji bzed-pa bzes siy Dzl. please take -whatever you like, bzes- na if he would take it, if it should be to his liking Mil.; instead of Ion-pa in: dgun-lo bcu-ynyis bzes-pa he got twelve years old. II. sbst. food, meat, bzes-pa O dren-pa to offer, to serve up meat Mil., Pth. Comp. *ze-c]ho* C. food, sweet-meats (cf. gro} bzes- fdn food (?) Sch. *ze-clhun* (?) Ts. beer. *ze-bhdg*C. bread *ze-rdg*W. brandy. *ze-hor* 6'., hookah, oriental tobacco-pipe, the smoke of which passes through water. qjrq- bzd-ba, bzds-pa to milk. bzog-pa v. jog-pa. bzogs = fzogs. * bzon = fzon. on-pa) vehiculum, riding - beast, carriage, vehicle; bzon-pa som-pa to order the horses to be put to Dzl.', bzon-pas O bros-pa to take to flight in a vehicle or on horseback Dzl.', mi-srun bzon-pa a not gentle riding-beast S.g. bzon-ma milking COWt's ,bzon-pyugs milking cattle Glr. za 1. the letter z, originally, and in the frontier -provinces to the present-day, sounding like the English z, in C. differing from ^j, s, only by the following vowel be- ing deep-toned. 2. numer. figure: 22, 3* 3$f za > zas i Ld" an J tDm g small, neat, elegant, of a miniature size, /--"'/ za zig* a little book, pocket-edition, "nod- cad za a drop of beer.- 485 3" zu-a zah-zin g. zwa, nettle, stinging nettle, gen. zwa- 4 fsod, being, when young, catenas greens (v. fs6d-ma);ziva(i)-pyi(niQ), ' a-ya-zwa-fs6d, Wdit., blind or dead nettle; zwa-lcag scourge made of stinging nettles, zwa-lcdg brgydb- pa to flog with it 6s.; zwa-ber, the smart produced by the stinging of nettles 6s.; zwa- Jbrum Wdn. (?). za-Ku Med., e.g. bad-kan za-fcur ^gyur Mng. prob. the same word which /ScA. spells za-gu, explaining it by gonorrhoea, morbid discharge of seminal fluid, semen pruriens. ^q- za-ba, bza-ba I. vb.,perf. 20s, bzas, fut. tea, imp. zo, zos (C.*ze*} l.to eat, both of men and animals, zd-bya, zd-rgyu what may or must be eaten, za-cig-pa Dzl. (perh. better bza-ycig-pa) one that takes only one meal a day, or perh. : one that takes a so- litary meal; zos-pas having eaten Dzl.] zos- pai ^og-tu after he had eaten Dzl. ; zos- groys 'immediately after dinner' (??) Sch.', ma- lus-par zd-ba Dzl., *ddg-mo za-ce* W., to eat up, consume, to clear the plate, the manger; bzd-^ru run-ba or mi-ruh-ba what may or may not be eaten; Dzl. ?(B, 16 has also a supine zos-su : bu zos-su ^on she will even be constrained to eat her own young (s.l. c.); zim-du zo Zam. may you enjoy your dinner! ni f.; zd-Kar at dinner-time Sch.', za-zd-ba 'to eat often, to be a glutton 1 6s. 2. to live upon, to live by, gla zd-ba to gain one's subsistence as a day - labourer Zte/. - 3. to itch, za O prug-pa v. O pi-ug-pa. 4. fig. for to Steal, *kun-ma, gon-mo zos son* Ld., a thief, a witch, has made away with it. 5. fig. of affections of the mind : to en- tertain, to give way to, Kon-Kro, tsig-pa, te- fsom zd-ba to give way to resentment, anger, doubts. II. sbst, food, meat, victuals, za cu zim good, eating and drinking Mil. ; *zd- ce zd-ce, co-ce* W. to eat food, to prepare food. za-rkon v. rkoh. za-Kan dining- room; eating-house, cook's shop 6'. za- f> ; u v. the preceding article. zd - mKan one that is eating, .an eater. *za-cog* W. what may be eaten, *za-mi-c6g* what may not be eaten. *za-fitr* 6V chop-sticks. zd - ma food, victuals, zd - ma mi ster run though you do not give me any food Mil. za-yon meat-offering to saints etc. Mil. For more refer to bza. 3*3T za ~ ma 1- v - above. 2. also zd-ma- tog Ssk. cfr^ii^, basket, in Tibetan only fig., mostly as a title of books, but also used in connection with mysticism. za-zi trouble, noise 6s., troublesome chatting >'//.: troubled, bewildered, per- plexed Schr.; in the passage rmi-lam za-zi man Med. it seems to signify troubled dreams. T za-zom a fine cotton fabric Sch. zd-ra ? *zd-ra pi-mo* W. the later part of the afternoon, v. rdzd-ra. '^ zd-ru v. yzdr-bu. za-^6g heavy silk cloth, za-^og-gi gos a garment made of it Glr.; za-^og dgu brtsegs Kri a seat formed of nine silk quilts. za-bdb id. a'Kr* za-hor n. of a town or district, ace. ' to Cs. in Bengal, ace. to Pth. in the north-west of India, by the statements of Lamas the present Mandi. a small princi- pality under British protection, in the Pun- jab, between the rivers Byiis and Ravi, where there is a sacred lake, celebrated as a place of pilgrimage, from which the Brahmins residing there derive a considerable income. zdg-pa 1. sometimes for yzdg-pa, from O dzdgs-pa. 2. sbst., Ssk. misery, affliction, sorrow, esp. as a con- sequence of sin, hence frq. = sin, zdg^pa zad the woe of this world is over, frq.; zdg- pa-med-pai las works spotless or without sin Thgy.; zag-med-kyi bde-ba untroubled happiness Glr. ; zag-bcds burdened with mi- sery and sin, zag-bcds-kyi las ysum the three sinful works Thgy. ; zag-bcas-kyi miion (-par)-ses(-pa) Glr. and Thgr.? 3C" zan? Sch.: zan-fdl-du penetrating. gr*3r* zan-zdn 1. v. dmdr-po extr. 2. also zan-zin, zin-ziti, yzin-ba, v. O dzins-pa', W. also: muddled, rather tipsy. 3-- zan-zih 1. sbst. matter, object, goods. = rdzas, zan-zin cvn-zad tsdm-gyi 486 zdr-bn pyir even for the most trifling matter Sty.; ]'yi-rol-gyi zan-zin external goods, earthly possessions, (opp.to internal, spiritual gifts) Dzl. ; also zan-zin by itself: what is earthly, pertaining to this world Mil. 2. adj. Con- fused in mind, stupefied Sch., v. the preceding article. 3C^T zans 1 ' c PP er > yser-zans gilt copper, zdns-kyi btsa prob. verdigris. 2. kettle B., C., v. p'an-dil; zdns-su skol-ba to boil in a kettle Dzl.; zar'ts /,'ol-pa a boiling kettle Dzl.', Jcdr-zans bronze or brass kettle, Icaas-zans iron kettle. zans-rkydn cop- per can or jug. zans-skyogs copper ladle. zans- cm a large, zans-cuii a small kettle. zans-tig a small species of gentian. zans-tib copper tea-pot *zdn-ton-sd !f W. copper-mine. zans-fdl copper slacks Glr. zans-mdog copper colour. zans-sder copper plate or dish Sch. zans-snod cop- per vessel. *zdn-bu* C., W., = zans 2; *zdn-bu ce cun nyi'~~ two copper kettles, a large one and a little one. zdns-ma = zdns-bu? Mng. zdns-yya Cs.: 'copper- green 1 , prob. verdigris. zdns-sa copper- ore Cs. gE^rrm^; zdns-dkar south-western pro- vince of Ladak, zdns-dkar-pa, -ma man or woman of that province. 3^'CJ* zdd-pa v. O dzdd-pa. a^ zan, C. *zeri f , I. resp. bsdn-ma, also ^ Kam-zdn Mil. \. pap, porridge, of flour and water, thick, boiled or not boiled, warm or cold, also called bdg-zan, esp. as dough for baking; in C, porridge is gen. made of rtsdm-pa, and if possible of tea; Jbrds-zan rice-p., ^o-zan, milk-p.; porridge being the daily food, as bread is with us, the word is used also 2. for food in gen : zan zd-ba to take food, to eat, bdag dan zan mi zd-na if you will not eat with me Dzl.; zan-drdn cold, zan-dron warm food, zan-can meat and drink, S.g. ; zan btsos-pa boiled food ; *zan-kon* dearth W. ; zan zos 1 . he was eat- ing porridge. 2. as one word : Bal. wife, cf. fea;fig. Ikog-zdn zd-ba to take unlawful inter- est Sch. 3. fodder, provender, v. bzan. II. inst. of za eater, as second part of a compound: sa-zdn meat-eater; carnivorous animal Glr.; nya-zdn fish-eater, ichthyo- phagist; pag-zen pork-eater. jSBj'^f zdn-po v. yzdn-po. :w zab silk, fine or heavy silk, v. dar-zdb', zab-cen costly silk cloth Sch. ; zab-skud Lt.^Mil. silk-cord; zab- bol silk covering for a seat, bolster Pth. zdb-pa, vb., adj. and sbst , to be deep, deep, depth, zdb-po,geo. zdb-mo,a,dj., deep, frq. ; often fig., blo-zdb Cs.: a pro- found mind or understanding ; zab-zdb bt/as kyan zdb-mo ran mi O dug although people call it deep, it is not deep Sch.; zab-ldm, zdb-moi sgom-Krid a term of Buddhist mys- ticism, doctrine of witchcraft, = dbu-mai lam, or pydg-ryya cen-po. 2a6-%dddepth, = zabs, Dzl, Mil. za ^ s depth, zdbs-su O dom bcui don a pit ten fathoms in depth. zdm-pa bridge, grii-zam bridge of boats 6s.; Icdgs - zam iron bridge, wire-bridge; Icug-zam suspension-bridge, by means of cables of twisted birch-tree branches; O dren-zam draw-bridge Cs.; rdo- zam 1. stone-bridge. 2. natural rock-bridge; rtswd-zam common expression for Icvg-zam and fsdr-zam; the latter: suspension-bridge by cables formed of thin split cane ; sin-zam wooden bridge ; zdm-pa O dzugs-pa to throw a bridge Cs.; zdm-pai kd-ba or rkdn-pa the piers or foundations, span-leb, span-sgo the boards or planks, mda-ydb or lag-rten parapet, yzu-fog arch, zam-ydun beam of a bridge, Cs.; zam-cen a large bridge, zam- cun a little one Cs., zdm-bu id. g^' zar 1- supine of zd-ba; zar jug-pa to give to eat. 2. pitch-fork, for shaking up the corn, hay-fork, dung-fork; forks at dinner are not yet used in Tibet, spoons and knives, and in Lhasa chop-sticks, an- swering their end sufficiently. zar-bdbs Sch.: tassel; ace. to our authorities: gold-brocade. zdr-bu Glr., Mil. seems to be tassel. 487 zim-bu j. zar-ma DzL, Med. sesame-seed ; zar- mai me-tog flower of sesame, Sch. ; zar-ma-cu is mentioned in Pth. as Aphro- disiacum; yet zar-mai ras is stated to be a fabric, manufactured from zwa-fsod, muslin? apr zal Ld. a small and uninhabited river- island. zdl-mo 1. young cow, heifer, Q bri-zdl yak-heifer. 2. a fabulous bird Sch. a^t- zas food, nourishment, for men and ani- mals, also in a wider fig. sense; zas- bcdd smyim-ynas fasting, abstaining from or withholding food Lex. ; zas - bzdn(j-po) 1. dainty food DzL 2. nourishing fare, Wdn., zas -nan (-pa) the contrary; zas-ni as to diet . . . Med.] zds-su ci za what does it feed 011? DzL] zds-suL'rag Q fuii-ba to drink blood for nourishment Do.; zas O fsol-ba to seek to obtain a livelihood Ma. ; O fso-ba zas, Mil. a pleon. expression = zas; Ka-zds (resp. zal- zas B. } sol-wa col.) food, meat, for human beings; dkdr-zas v. dkdr-ba; dmdr-zas Sch. : 'festival dishes', perh. more corr. flesh-meat, animal food? gro-zas Sch.: 'dry traveller's fare'; pan - zas, wholesome nutritive food Med.- Comp. *ze-kon* C. dearth, scarcity. zas-skom meat and drink, solid and liquid food Med.] zas -can, id., as travelling- provisions Glr. zas-spyod food and ex- ercise, diet, in a wider sense Med. zas- fsod the due measure of food, zas-fsod ma zin the portion or share was not full, it was not the full allowance, S.y. zas-ytsdn- ma (clean food), n.p. j^^q, the father of Buddha; bdud-rtsi-zas, bre-bo-zas, zas- dkdr the names of his three brothers, zas- ftsan-srds appellation of Buddha himself. H zi, I. num. figure: 52. II.T'F. 1. some- thing of a very small size or quantity,*;?/ yan mi dug* not an atom is left, *zi-med- Kan co* eat it up to the last crumb! *me-zi* a spark in the ashes ever so small. 2. the black mark in a target, (cf. za~). zi-nil v. zi-lin. zi-ba v. yz- -|- zi-ma, Sch.: green slime on standing water, zi-ma-can what is covered with such a slime. -^. zi-ra, Ssk. and Hindi gft^, the Asiatic caraway, Cuminum Cyminum, export- ed from Tibet to India, of a powerful aroma, which to the taste of Europeans is often disagreeable; two kinds are distinguished, zi-ra dkdr-po, and ndg-po. 3'^-^- zi-ri-ri the humming of bees, the singing of a kettle W. 3*^* zi-ru col. for yzer-bu. ' zi-lin I. also *zi-nil, zi-lon* W. noise, bustle, tumult. - II. from the Chinese 1. also zi-lim, zi- Idn a composition metal, similar to German silver, zi-lin-pan-tse or ban-tse C. a basin of that metal. 2. n. p., province, adjoining the Kokonor, zi-lin-ja tea from thence. zin-zin v. zan-zin. zin-rel W., prob. for O dzin-sbrel, with *c6-ce*, to prepare for battle, or to begin fighting. HT-^ zin-pa 1. v. O dzin-pa. 2. = O dzdd- pa, esp. in the pf. tense, to draw near to an end, to be at an end, to be finished, exhausted, consumed; zin-pai puh-po the perishable, mortal body Thgy.; to be finish- ed, terminated, nam yan mi zin-to DzL it will never be finished ; to finish, to get done with, building a wall Glr., *zin cug-ce* W. id. ; O fun ma zin dogs-pas fearing not to be able to drink it all Glr.; rtse-ba zin-pas as the playing has ceased, or, as he has done playing DzL ] zin(-pd) med(-pai) las endless working, unceasing labour Mil.] hence = fsdr-ba, to denote an action that is perfectly past, esp. in B., pru-gu skyes-su zin kyan although the child is already born Do. ; yson-poi tse-na ^ii-cag-gis de spyad zin we had enjoyed it during our life-time; zin- bris Cs. : l. abridgment, general view, synopsis. 2. lecture, so Schf. Tar. 210, 22. 3. receipt, quittance; bond (of obligation), bill of debt. zim-bu fine, thin, slender, car zim-bu mi drdg-po zig bab a fine, drizzling 488 zfr-ba rain was falling DzL, Mil.', car zim-zim ddl-gyis bdb-pa Mil., id.; zim-zim or zin- zin fine, hair-shaped, capillary, e.g. the leaves of some plants. zir-ba, (j-zir-ba?} , gen. *zir tdn-ce* W., to aim, zir-po, zir-can a good aimer, marksman W.; zir-sa aim, dispart. *ne-zir* sight (of a gun) W. =;^-r zir-mo, * zir-mo gyun-ce* W. to slide down a snow-hill on the coat spread under, a winter-diversion of children. q. zil 1. (Cs. zil-ma), brightness, splendour, brilliancy, glory, rje-btsun-gyi fugs-rjei zil ma bzod-par not being able to bear the brightness of his Reverence's grace, (the adversary fell down the mountain) Mil. ; zil-can brilliant, resplendent; zil-yyis non^pa to overcome, vanquish, Hoi zil-gyis non-te overpowered by him Pth.', zil-bar ^gro-ba to increase, multiply, spread Sch. 2. in botany : ston-zil, Corydalis meifolia ; ?ser-zil, dnul-zil? S.g. " zil-dndr v. dnar. z rt P a dew, ztt-p a Krom-me a spark- ling dew-drop Pth.', zil dkdr hoar- frost<Sc'A.; zil-mnar Cs. = mdud-rtsi nectar. zil-bun-pa a slight shuddering from fear. * zu, num. figure: 82. aqr zug 1. also yzug, pain, torment, phy- ' sical and mental; distemper, illness, complaint, esp. W. *zug rag* I feel a pain, I am ill, * go-la zug rdg-ga* have you the head -ache? *zug co dug* he is ill, he is suffering from pain ; *so-zug* toothache; zug- rnu, zug-yzer, res p. snyun or snyuh-zug, B. and col. = zug , mya-ndn-gyi zug-rnus sdug-bsnal-zin weighed down by the grief of misery, nyon-mons-kyi zug-rnu Mil., of the like import. 2. also yzug, the prin- cipal or main pieces in cutting up an ani- mal, quarters, ziig-tu O prdl-ba to cut into such pieces Mil. ; 1 zug = 3 Ihu = 6 dum = 12 rgya-ri. 3. v. tsug. ,=FT^* zug-rnu v. zug 1 . ^ y b- 1. v. O dzugs-pa. 2. to bark Dzl. II. sbst. building, erection, *zug-pa gydb- pa* Ts. to build (cf. O dzugs-pa 3). =r w zun 1. earlier literat. and W. a pair, couple, zirh-du ma mcis not occurring in pairs Wdh.; *cd-bu zun eig*, Ld. a pair of pendants (for the ears) ; nyi-zld zun yciq bfson-du bzun sun and moon are both shut up (covered by clouds) Mil. ; zun-mcog the model-pair, the two principal disciples of Buddha, Sariibu and Maudgalgyibu, Kopp. I, 101 ; zun-lddn agreeing in sound, rhyming Cs.; zuii-Jbrel connection, junction, union, zuh- Jbrel O dod-na if one wishes both things to be united Grlr. ; zun-brel-du one after the other, or one with the other Pth. ; zun sdebs- pa to join, connect, unite Mil.', zuh-yd one half of a pair, a single one, e.g. shoe etc. Cs. 2. a single, separate piece C. and sometimes in later literat. ; Ka-drod zuii cig a bit or mouthful of food Thgy.', fsar re zun re bltds-pas when he had seen a single piece but once, (he knew it immediately) Tar. 3. symb. num.: 2; zun-pyogs id. zun-jiig a technical term, of practical mysticism, the forcing the mind (sems) into the principal artery, in order to prevent distraction (of mind) (!) Mil. (v. ytum-mo). " zun-mKdr n. of a royal castle Glr. zun-ba v. O dzin-pa. zuns v. yzuns. sn'rr zub-pa inst. of bsubs-pa, pf. of sub- " pa Glr. zum ' J P a 1 v - O dzum-pa. 2. W. for bzun-ba, v. O dzin-pa ; hence zum-kdb pin, brooch. =^- zur 1. edge, gad-zur edge of a steep river- bank or precipice consisting of conglomerate Cs.; cu-zur edge of the water, border, brink, bank, cu-zur-pa one that lives on the bank of a river; zur-na at the border (of the place where one happens to be) Mil. *zin-zur-ne lam yod* W. the road leads along the field ; board, of a ship. - 2. edge, corner, Kd-ba zur-brgydd-pa zer-ba octangular pillar Stg., (v. zur-can and zul- ma below); zur bzi the four corners Sch. 3. side, * zur-du (or loy-su) zag-pa* C. to lay aside; zur(-du) bkul-ba Lex., Sch.: to lay up, put by, spare, save; zur-du Jcrid- pa to take aside, apart, for a private con- versation ; so also zur pyin-pa Stg. ; zur- du, zur-gyis B , *zitr-na* W., indirectly, by the way, by the by, incidentally, zur-du smrd- ba to speak indirectly, by hints 6s.; zur- gyis mfson-pa Tar. to note, point out only by hints or insinuations Schf.; hence perh. fsig zur invective speech, *fsig-zur ma zer* W. no invectives! don't be personal! zur zd-ba is prob. the same, where Sch. has: to address harshly; *zur-ne Idb-ce* W. to learn or study privately (out of school-time, or, not with the appointed master); zur bzugs-pa Cs. (prob. for zur-du) to lead a private life (cf. zur-pa); zur mig ltd-baio look sideways, askance, to leer, squint Sch. 4. outline, tfyod dan zur O dra team yah sa sten med none on earth is like you, or can be compared to you, even in a general outline Pfh. ; O di - dag zur team bsdu - ba yin-gyis this is merely a brief outline, ex- tract, sketch Glr. and elsewh., frq., also zur team yin-gyis Glr. Comp. zur-bkod, zur- debs, Sch.: 'founded for a special purpose'. zur-can cornered, angular, yi-ge Glr. p. 31, a sort of type or printing-letter, = klui yi-ge, v. also no. 2 above. zur-cdg Sch.: prop., having a broken edge, damaged by being knocked about; gen. fig., of words and grammatical forms : faulty, corrupted, misap plied ; Lis. and elsewh., Ssk. ^T^IT- tne most vitiated Pra- krit-dialect Was. (267). zur- debs = zur- bkdd-zur-nor private goods C's. zur-pa one out of office, a private individual C's. - zur-ma = zur prov. zur-ysos educated by strangers Sch. zur-mo pain, = zug, vulg. zur-pud Glr. hair-knot, dressed hair Sch. zu l~ ma W. cornered, angular, = zur- can', *pe'-zul* lotus-edged, of bowls, dishes, plates, that are of a polygonal or radiated shape. 3" zf I. num. figure: 112. II., also ze-ba B., W., ze-a Cs. 1. hump of a camel, zebu etc. Cs. 2. crest, of birds, dragons etc. Glr., S.g.', also ze-prog Lex. ze-fcaC's.: 1. 'hump. 2. decorated pad or cushion'. ze-rnog Cs. = ze-ba. ze- bru, zeu- bruGlr., Mng. the anthers of a no\v.-r. ze-bug W. the maw or fourth stomach of ruminating animals. ze-ma W. elastic spring. 3'<35* z ^~^ swa saltpetre S.g.', ze-fstva-can * containing saltpetre, nitrous; ze-fsai skyur-rtei nitric acid Cs. a*Tpr$r zegs-ma impurity, smut, dirt Sch. ^j-- zeh, fu-ba yyds-zeh yyon-zen byds-pa the skirts of the coat on the right and left side folded back, tucked up Mil. ^r- zed I. sbst. 1 . brush, pag-zed brush of ' hog's bristles; byab-zed clothes-brush, dust-brush 6s.; so-zed tooth-brush 6s. 2. edge 6'. - II. adj Sch.: 'broken off, da- maged, injured; zed-lans chink, crack, rent; zed- dug-pa to crumble at the top' (?). :|5j- zem I. cask, barrel, tun, often sonsisting merely of an excavated piece of a wil- low-tree, the Tibetans knowing but little of coopery C., W. 2. box, chest W. zem- sin the body or wood of a vessel, zem-mfil the bottom of a vessel 6s. :|s^ zer 1. v. yzer. 2. talk, cf. brjod. - 3. n of a small animal Med. zer-ba 1. (seldom O dzer-ba) to say, esp. later literat. and vulg ; Kyod zer- ba bden-no you say rightly Dzl. (where at other times always smra-ba is used inst. of it); he he zer bgdd-pas they laughed he, he! Glr. <;os dar zer rgyai yig-fsaii-na O dug then the doctrine was diffused, say the Chinese records Glr.', after words quoted: ...zer- bar O dug-pas thus having been spoken, read, heard Glr.; 'yin' zer bsnyon by as -so saying 'it is he', she told a lie Glr., and so frq. zer, where in earlier literat. zes is used; zer-na 1 . if one says, esp. for the older ze- 490 zel-ma I" zld-ba na, frq. 2. if I may say so, so to speak, as it were; *di-la cizer* what is this called? frq., also without la; to make a noise, e.g. *sag sag zer-wa :f C. to foaru with a hissing noise, to sparkle, of wine, beer; zer-mkan \. he that is saying. 2. W., said, called, mentioned, esp. for the older zes byd-ba. *zer-ke'* C. rumour, report. *zer-pog-can* W. speak- ing in an uncivil or offensive manner. zer-ri C. rumour. 2 to drive in, nails, v. yzer-ba. zel-ma small chip, siii-zel wood-shav- ings W. 9' zo I. num. figure: 142. II. imp. of zd-ba. III. sbst. resp. sku-zo, = lus-kyi /cams physical constitution, sku-zo mdog legs-la as the appearance of your majesty's bodily constitution is so excellent Glr.; zo bzdn-ba a good complexion Cs. 2. figure, deli- neation, representation, perh. better to be spelt bzo (?) 3. mould, zo-cdgs showing mouldy spots Sch. (?) ; zo-mdr old, mouldy butter, so prob. S.g.; zo-sa Lt. mouldy meat zo-ba 1. sbst., pail, bucket, sin-zo wooden pail, cu-zo water -pail. 2. vb. v. bzo-ba. zog 1 . deceit, fraud, falsehood (Lex. = rdzub\ zoo-can 1. lying, deceitful; liar W. 2. adulterate, counterfeit W.- zog-lddn, zog-po Cs. id., zog-med the opp. ; sgyu-zog (religious) hypocrisy Pth. ; cos-zog priestcraft Mil.; *zol-zog* = zog W. 2. vulg. pronun- ciation in C. and W., inst. of the following. |g- zon (vulgo zog} 1. ware, merchandise, goods, zon - min - smdr not goods but ready money Lex.', rgydgs-zon goods taken by travellers along with them to be bart- ered for provisions; smdn-zoh drugs; fsoii- zon merchandise Cs.; zon -rnams rndm-pa sna-fsogs goods of all kinds; *zog-gi ddg- po* Ts. owner of the .goods, master of the estate, heir, = nor-bdag. 2. Sch. worth, price(?). 3. Sch. doubt(?). - 4. Sch. lie(?). =& ~on attention, heed, care, gen. zon byed- ' pa, to pay attention, to take heed, to beware, dgrd-la of an enemy Pth.; also c. accus. Mil. ; zon sdig-pa spon mi ses seems to mean: not knowing the attention needful for renouncing sin Thgy.\ zon-med heedless; zon -grabs provision, precaution, preventive measure Sch. ^q. zon -pa Ts., stuff- or woolen shoes; *bob-zf>n* id., covered with leather. jgj. zob Ts, *zob-zob)M-pa* to shake tho- roughly, - O dzol-ba. ^r zotn 1 point, top, rdo-rjei of the dor-je Dom ; summit, of the Rirab and some other mountains S.O. and elsewh.; zom-K6g dull, simple, stupid, Sch. 2. cave Sch.,' brag-zdm rock- cavern. ^x- zor, 1. sup. of zo-ba, bzo-ba Sch. 2. sbst. the weapons employed in com- bating the evil spirits in the yto'r-ma, such as kuife, sword, sling, bow and arrows etc.; zor-Ka the fore- or front-part, the edge, of the weapons directed against the demons, zw-Ka O pen-pa Cs.: to fling those weapons a gainst the spirits. zor-ba sickle, zdr-bas rt'td-ba Mil., ycod-pa Cs. to cut with a sickle, zor- Ice sickle-blade; zor-cuii small, zor-cen large sickle, scythe, though in Tibet as yet hardly known; zor-rtul blunt, dull, zor-mon sharp sickle; zor-bn = zor-cuii. * zor-ydn Sch. : small, short ('?). zol-fso v. Jzdl-ba. ~ol-zog deceit, fraud, imposture, false- hood, zol-zog byed-pa, W. *co-ce*, to deceive, impose on, e.g in traffic Thgy., zol-zog- can deceitful, fraudulent, zol(-zog}- med without deceit, free from guile, artless Mil. zos v. zd-ba. zla 1. for zld-ba. 2. for zld-bo. zld-ba I. sbst. 1. prov. zla, moon, frq.; mJcai zla - ba celestial moon Lejc., to distinguish it from 2. dus-kyi zld-ba tem- poral moon or month, zld-ba ycig, B , W., *da cig* C., one month; * zld-ba ma Kor soy* come before the end of the month Sch.; zld-ba fsdn-du nye-bas towards the expi- 491 ration of the months (of pregnancy) Dzl. ; zla-dus fern- pa dan at the expiration of those months Glr ; cf. also no 5. 3. symb. num : 1. Combinations and comp. zld-bai dkyil-Jcor, zla-dkyil, *da Kyir-mo* W. disk of the moon; *da gan son* W. the moon is full: *da gan-po or son-te* W. zld-ba rgyds- pa Pth., nya-rgyds zld-ba Pth. full moon; nya day of full moon; zla(-bd) Kdm^-pa), zla-gdm, W. *da-ped* half moon, i.e. the first and last quarter ; semicircle, zld-ba Kdm- pa ltd-bur bzdg-go they are placed round in a semicircle Do. ; dbyibs zla-gdm ltd-bur yod it is semicircular in shape Glr.; zld-bai no v. no\ zla-feb = zla-sol', zla-ndg new moon Sch. (?); zla-pogs monthly wages; zla-tses 1. = zld-ba fses-pa, fses-ysum-zld-ba Mil. the moon on the first two or three evenings of her being visible; crescent, zla-fses Itd- bu in the shape of a crescent, S.g.; it is also used as an image of speedy decay. 2. date Schr. (?) zla-mfsdn the monthly courses ; also the discharges of them, zla-mfsdn O dzag the catamenial discharges flow C's. ; zla- mf sun-can Stg., zla-mfsdn dan Iddn-pa S g. having the monthly courses; zla(-ba)-s6L -M, -feb, zla-lhdg, W. *da-tul* intercalary month; the separate months of the year are usually counted from zld-ba dd/t-po to bcu- ynyis-pa, yet there are also particular names for them, viz. ace. to 6s.: 1 . O brug-zla, cui zld-ba, rtd-pa zld-ba, 2. sbrul-zla, Krd-zla, dbo-zla, 3. rta(i) zla^-bd), ndg-zla, 4. liig-zla, sd-ga-zla-ba, 5. spre-zla, snron-zla, 6. byd-zla, cu-snod-zla-ba, 7. Kyi-zla, gro-bzin-zla-ba, 8. pdg-zla, krum-zla, 9. byi-zla, fa-skdr-zld-ba, 10. glait-zla, smin drug-zla-ba, 11. stdg-zla, mgo-zla, 12. y'lS-zla, rgydl-zla, II. vb., also zlo-ba, zlos-pa, pf. bzlas, bzlos, fut. bzlo, imp. zlos, 1 . to say, tell, ex- press, zloam mi zlo shall you tell it or not? Pth.; yzdn-la zlo-ba Lex. to tell others; yid- ma-rans-pa-nyid pyir zlos -par byed-pa to express one's dissatisfaction Sta.(?). 2. to murmur or mutter over, to recite softly or quite silently, prayers, spells etc., also zub-bus zld-ba Zam.; yi-ge-dn'tg-pa lan-cig bzlds-pai bsod-nams Glr. the merit of saying once the six-syllable prayer, and as such saying generally is done repeatedly, it is synon with to repeat. 3. to answer, reply C's.; Mil. nif. 4. undoubtedly a less correct spelling for O da-ba (for which reason the secondary forms with o are wanting), to pass. to get beyond, la zld-ba to cross a mountain- pass, ndd-kyi la zld-ba to be past hope of recovery C's. ; also trs., mya-ndn-las zld-ba to deliver from pain, to help to eternal hap- piness. zld-bo 1. = grogs, W. *yd-do*, com- panion, associate, zld-bo byed-pa to ac- company, attend, assist, rkun-zla a thief s ac- complice Dzl.; O grdn-zla rival, competitor (v. O grdn-pa extr.); ynyen-zla, v. ynyen; bzd-zla spouse, consort (male or female) Lex. srid-zla Mil. partner for life; zla-yzdn a woman whose husband is dead ( l who has eaten him'). 2. friend, acquaintance B. and col. 3. lover, bridegroom; spouse in C. Tozla standing for zld-bo, may be referred zlos-dbye Zam., expl. by ^, pair, couple, combination, viz. of a thing and its reverse, hence zlas-p c ye-ba reverse, contrary, e.g. yod- pai zlas-pye-ba med-pa Sch. to give notice, send word, inform Sch., prin-yig-gis bzlugs-pa he informed him by a letter Stg., notfrq.; in Lexx. explained by yzdn-la snydd-pa, and go-bar byed ojug- pa. - zlum-pa 1 adj., more frq. zlum-po, (= *kor - Mr* C'., *k-yir - k-yir* W.") round, circular, dbyibs\n shaped//-.; roundish, rounded, obtuse, zlum-por rtsig-pa to erect a round, cylindrical wall, e.g. for a monu- ment; clubby, clumsy, e.g. of a short and thick tobacco-pipe; rkdfi-pa zlum-pa club- footed %.; globular, spherical, e.g. cavities in the human body S.g.; dku-zlunt Zam. 492 zMm-pu-se (ace. to the Ssk.) the interior rounding of the abdomen. 2. vb. 1 . to mix together Sch. ; to put together, collect, fsogs merit Lexx. 2. for btum-pa Pth. : dge- dun dbu-zlum zabs- rjen clerics with their heads wrapt up and barefooted. 3. for O dum-pa. zlum-ril globular 6s. *zlum-bu : W. host, swarm, troop, crowd. j^-.j..^*. zlum-pu-se (or rise?) a mole-like ^ ^ animal Ld. (whether the same as rdza-bra?). |pr zti-ba v. zld-ba, II. "JSnrzr zlog-pa, pf zloys, fut. bzlog, trs. to ldog-pa, to cause to return: 1. to drive back, repulse, an army Dzl; to dispel, expel, evil spirits Dom.; to send back. 2. in a gen. sense: to send, dispatch, people to fetch something Dzl. frq. 3. to turn off, divert, bsdm-pa-las from an intention Dzl.; with bio to divert the mindfrom, to dismiss athought, to give up, to banish from one's thoughts Thyy., ynyen-gyi yduh-sems zlog dka it is hard to give up the love of kindred alto- gether Mil.; dei fugs slar zlog-tu ysol we beg you to dismiss the thought of it Dzl.; to dissuade from Tar. 40, 5; to avert, injury, evil consequences, frq. ; to prevent, nad-sel the healing of a disease S.g. zlog-tdbs antidote Ma. 4 to subvert, overthrow (?). 5. mii no to resist, to be unyielding, uncompli- ant Dzl , zlod-gar Stg. a dance, zlos-gar byed- pa to dance, slob-pa to teach or learn dancing; zlos-gar-mKan a dancer. zlos-pa v. zld-ba. yza I. ifir l. planet, yzabdun the well- known seven heavenly bodies called in ancient times planets, viz. Sun, Moon, Mercury, Yenus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn; sometimes the ascending knot (<TJ) ^ s added to the number, sometimes also the descending knot (%j), and then there are yza brgyad or )-za dgu, eight or nine planets. The former seven denote also the days of the week: yza-nyi-ma Sunday, yza-zld-ba yzn-pa Monday, yza-mig-dmdr Tuesday, yza-lhdg- ma Wednesday, yza-pur-bu Thursday, yza- pa (or --ica)-sdns Friday, yza-spen-pa Satur- day, and the signs for them in the calendar are ?, ^, $, &, V, \S, ; yzai ynod-pa hurtful influence of the planets. 2. fza-cen-po, and often yza alone, = ra-hu, hence nyi-zla- yzas- dzin or yzas-bzun eclipse of the sun or moon, v. sgra-ycan\ ace. to Pth. every uncommon or alarming sidereal phenomenon seems to be personified as yza. 3. symb. num.: 9. 4. vulgo: rainbow. yza-skdr, 1. planets and fixed stars, nyi-zla-yza-skdr the sun, moon, planets, and stars. 2. con- stellation, yza-skar-ndn an adverse confi- guration S.g. yza-Kyim Cs. 'the place', more corr. 'the house' of a planet, the con- stellation in which the planet stands. yza- nddCs. and Schr.: apoplexy; in W. it seems to be used only for epilepsy; yza pog-pa id.; yzd-pog-mkan , yzd-brgyab-pa epileptic. bld-yza, srog-yza, ysed-yza, md-yza grogs- yza, bu-yza, dgrd-yza, klun-si-dar-yza Wdk. and several more, are astrological terms, not to be clearly defined. II. sometimes for bza, q.v. III. W. rubble-stones, bowlders, detritus, yza-ron ravine filled with detritus; a better spelling seems to be rdza. 1" yzdg pa v. Q fsdg-pa, O dzdg-pa. r za 9 8 ~P a * v - yzdbs-pa. 2. to magnify, multiply Sch. yzan 1. v. bzan and yzan-pa; ycan- fzan, q.v. 2. esp. W., commonly yzan-gos plaid, = bla-gos v. bla. jrzan-stdn Zam. id.? rhul-yzdn napkin, nif. Lex. yzdn-pa 1. to eat, devour Cs. 2. to gnaw, mostly fig. : fser-ma zdbs- la yzan the thorn hurts, annoys, the foot Mil; of clothes: to wear out 6'.; adj. yzdn- pa and yzdn-po worn-out, threadbare; sems- la yzan it gnaws at the heart Mil., srog-la it preys upon life Mil, *nd-wa-la* C. it deafens the ears, = sun- byin-pa; yzdn-du skyur-ba (lit. to give to devour, e. g. a body to demons), to scorn, slight, despise Mil ; to throw away, squander, waste, lavish, gen. in the forms (cud)-yz6n-pa } ; son-pa, v. cud. yzdb-pa .jT.. yzdb-pal.Cs.'ftetn'jJSch. also 'clear. careful'; bzdb-pa Cs. 'fine, elegant'. In books 1 met with neither form ; in col. lan- guage, however, are used: *zdb-mo ;f i. dressed up, smart, = mcor-po. 2. fond of dress, vain. - *zab-ce* W. to dress one's self up. *zdb-gos* W. festival raiment, holiday-clothes (opp. to rgyun-gos). *zab-tod* W., *zab- to'* C. (lit. : sprod) *tan son* he is dressed up, very smart. Sch.: yzdb-yig, 'elegant writing', the Tibetan printed letters, dbu- can. II. v. yzobs-pa. T yzdb-ma bundle, bunch, of grapes (7. yzdbs-pa, also yzdb-pa, yzdgs-pa Lex., imp. yzobs, to use care, di- ligence, lo ycig zas-spyod yzdbs-pas by a careful diet continued for a year Mng. ; to take care, to beware, de-las yzobs beware of it, be on your guard against it Sch. y~ar Lex., peg, hook, wooden nail, for hanging up things; yzar-sldit a pan that may be hung up. }'zdr-bu (col. zd-ru) ladle, gen. of wood, yzdr-bu O pyar she wields the ladle, she swings it for a blow Mil. ; dgdn- yzar and blugs-yzar two spoons or ladles, with long handles, used at burnt-offerings Schl. 249. precipitous, brag mfo-la yzdr-ba-la near a high, precipitous rock Mil. ; ri yzdr- po, brag yzdr-po slope, declivity, of a hill or rock; brag-yyan-yzdr Mng. id.; ri yzdr- <jyi hos steep declivity, cliff Thgy. ; ri-yzar- cu waterfall, cataract Glr.- yzar-Kyom-pa to get dizzy on a steep height Sch. 2. vb. v. O dzdr-ba. yzds-pa to be about, to be on the point, to prepare, mcdns-par, bsdd- par yzds-pa-las when he was on the point of leaping, of killing Dzl.\ rko-bar yzds-so he prepared, began, to dig out. cn. yzi 1. shine, brightness, clearness, splen- dour; *fdn-zi* W. looming, mirage. 2. n. of a half-precious stone, variously co- 493 loured, brown, gray, streaked Glr , Pth. 3. v. sub yzir-ba. 4. v. bzi. Comp. yzi-can shining, bright, e.g. a star W. yzi-brjid \. brightness, beauty, a fair, healthy co mplexion,= nidans, or joined with it, frq ; majesty, eg. of deities etc. Dzl. 2. honour, esteem, celebrity; yzi-brjid-can i. bright, beautiful, majestic. 2. celebrated, famous, distinguished. -- yzi-mddns 1. healthy appearance S.g. 2. vulgoalso evening- red, evening-Sky, ni f. ^zi-byin = yzi-brjid 1; yzi-byin nydms-pa looking poor, ema- ciated, worn out, from hunger, sufferings^ Stg.', yzi-byin-can bright, shining; yzi-^od bright gloss or lustre Lex. ^3'^* yzi-ru col. for yzer-bu a little nail W. yzig leopard; yzig-ris its colour. yzig-mo porcupine Ssk., yzig-mon id.? t- yzigs-pa, resp. for mtoh-ba and ltd-ba 1. to see, Jns-par seeing that he had come Dzl.', in indirect questions, to see whether? what sort of? etc.; to see through, to get an insight Tar. 94, 6, Schf. ; to look, sdr-la towards the east Glr. ; to look (for), yzigs-pas mi O dug when he looked (for it), there was nothing to be seen; to look at, to regard, mind, esteem, sku-fse- la mi yzigs-pa not regarding your Honour's life Dzl. 2. equivalent to: to give, grant, sd-bon zig tugs-rje yzigs dgos have the good- ness to give me some seed, prob. only bre- viloquence for sd-bon zig yndfi-bar fugs- brtse-bar yzigs sig. yzigs-rtm resp. pre- sent, gift, yzigs-rten-du skur-ba to charge a person with the delivery of a present Pth. - *zig-dod-can* W. vain. *zig-po* W. neat, well dressed, resp. for mcor-po. - yzlgs-mo resp. for ltdd-mo, me-tog de-la yzigs-mor byon-pa-las as he came in order to look at the flower Pth. cn3*^" yzin-ba for O dzins-pa Glr. yzihs vessel, ship, float, ferry, also fig.; gm-yzins id., frq.; yzirts cen- po zig byds-te equipping a large vessel Glr. ; 494 yzim-pa yzun-ba yzins-cun a small vessel Cs. ; yziiis-pa ship- master, captain. rn-gxr^r yzim-pa, also with mnal, resp. for fnyid-log-pa, 1. to fall asleep Dzl - 2. to sleep, rgydl-po yzim-pa-las whilst the king was sleeping Glr. 3. to expire, to die Tar. 4, 20. - Comp. *zim-kyoit* "W., resp. for rkyoii- rtse, candle, lamp. yzim-Jcan 1. sleeping - room. 2. dwelling, habitation. yzim-Kebs quilt. yzim-lcom cloak-bag, portmanteau. yzim-ttri bedstead. yzim-gur sleeping- 2 tent. *zim-gdg' C. porter, door-keeper. yzim-ca bedding, bed-clothes Gyatch. *zim-tin, zim-ter^ W. lamp. *zim~tin* (lit. -btiii) Sik. bedstead? yzim-ful sheep- skins for night-quarters. yzim-dpon body- servant, valet-de-chambre, = sku-mdun-pa\ yzim-prug his subordinate sei van ts or pages. yzim-mdl bed-linen. yzim-yol bed- curtain. yzim-yzim W., C'., *mig zim- zim ca dug* W. the eyes are dazzled, by a glaring light. yzir-ba (ace. to Cs. fut. of O f$ir-ba, certainly related to it, but chiefly used in an intellectual sense), to be pressed, harassed, troubled, to suffer, to be pressed by necessity, to suffer from hunger, disease etc. B. } C. Sch. also yzi yzir-ba a stinging pain in the chest. yzil, yzil-bun-pa C. = spu-zin byed-pa. y z u-b a a lever, bar; = yso-mo Cs.; yzu-rnds a prop Cs. yzu-bo Cs.: 1. straight, right. 2. upright, honest. Lexx.: fugs yzu-bo, from which it appears to be a word of ci- vility, but little known. Sch. has besides: yzu-dpdn, which he renders by 'witness, mediator'. and fl^^n. hence signifying rashness, impetuosity, so Cs., and therefore yzu-lum-can inconsiderate; yzu-liim byed-pa to act rashly; Sch. also: disobedience, pride, haughtiness. yzuy 1- v. zug. 2. top, lai of a mountain-pass Mil. yzug-ge-ba hurting, giving pain, zes yzug-ge-ba zus-nas as she spoke words that gave so much pain Mil.nt. yzitg-pa to beableto bear, to sustain, v. sub tsog. /^M^s, Ss/:.^q. 1. figure, form, shape, pyi-rol-gyi yzugs-rnams the forms of the sensible world, the impressions that are made on the eye Wdn.; mig-gis yzugs- rnams mfon the forms (of things) are seen with the eyes; rdb-tu-byuh-bai yzugs the (painted) figure of a priest Glr.; sim. klui yzugs yser-las byds-pa Tar. lus-yziigs shape of body, stature, frq. ; srin-moiyziigs-subyed- pa to transform one's self into a Rakshasi Glr. ; rndl- byor-paiyzugs byed-pa to assume the outward appearance of a hermit A///.: in metaphysics: form, body, as one of the five Skandhas, v. pun-po. 2. resp. sku- yzugs, W *ziig-y)o* = lus, body, *zug-po tii- ce' f W. to wash the body, to bathe; *zug-po zdh-wa mi dug, mi-de-wa dug* C., * de-mo mi dug* W. euphem. for: she has just her courses. yzugs-ndn ill-formed, too short in stature S.g. ; yzugs Jciim-pa to bend, twist one's body, and yzugs-kyis O fso-ba, quaestum corpore facere, are given by Sch. ; yzugs rin- mo long-stalked Glr. 3. in physics: body, matter, substance, yzugs-can., yzugs-su sndh- ba com posed of matter, material, substantial; yzugs-can ma yin-pa, yzugs-su mi sndn-ba, yzugs-med immaterial, unsubstantial ; yzugs- med-pai (or -%?') skad a ghostlike voice Mil.; yzugs-tidms the range of the material world yzugs-brnydn v. brnyan. , '^l" yzugs-pa v. O dzug-pa. yzun-ba v. O dzin-pa; yzuh- c dzin Mil frq., interest, inclination, bias, yzun- dzin-brdl being free from, interest, un- biased, apathetic, which always is praised as an indispensable quality and the true hap- piness of an ascetic, and the literal equi- valent to which in Ssk. may be regarded be ^: yet Was. p. 304 renders it 495 yz6~ba by 'idea and reason". yzun-yzer peg on a wall, -= rtsig-pur; a hold, support, rail. balustrade (?) %. ? ZUI1S * f r( l- spelt zuns, yet properly only in compounds, lit. a hold, i.e. 1 . power, strength Schr. ;yzuns-zdnSch. : loose, weak, without a hold, untenable; yzum-zdd weakened, debilitated, esp. of women by loss of blood Cs. ; yzuns-rten prop, support. 2. lus-zuns the seven constituents necessary for healthy life, \rnj, chyle, blood, fat, muscle, bone, marrow, semen Med. 3. ^rnTjfV' also yzuns-siidys, spells, magic sentences, first used in the doctrine of Mahayana, from which the mysticism of later times originated, v. Was. (142, 177); they are for the most part but short, and always end in a string of Sanskrit syllables, that are devoid of any meaning. Whole volumes are filled with them. cr^^^T yzud-pa, fut. of O dzud-pa. ba, yzul-ba v. O dzum-pa etc. cn:g-q- yze-ba Sch. 1. pannier, dosser Dzl. 7W, 142. home, habitation, nest. 3. swift, in running Thgy., quick, in com- prehending Sch. cn3*&|" yze-ma Med. ; Cs. : 'a horned aquatic plant' ; yze-mai can Med. beer made of it. rn=cn > for yzer-bu a little nail. yze-re looking poorly Sch.;yze-re byed- pa to be poorly, ailing, ill Sch. )'zeg(s), c^. a little grain, atom; yzeg ca cun a small p article Lex.; yzeg-ma prob. id. (Cs. also : filth ?) yzeg-zdn eBUjl^. 'atom -eater', n. of the founder of the Yaiseshika-philosophy, also called Ka- syapa: yzeg-zdn-pa its professors Wdn. yzeg-mo-byi hedgehog Sch. yzen& height, loftiness, sublimity, glo- riousness, esp. in yzens stdd-pa, also yaryzehs stod-pa l*th.; to praise, extol, glorify Mil. (cf. sen}. yzed-pa I. vb. 1. v. Q dzed-pa. 2. to hitSc. II. sbst. Sch.: 'a long spike'. jjiaj-'ry yzed-ma Cs , gen. yzeb-ma, also yzebsSch. 1. pannier with lid Kun.-, a box-shaped basket with lid C. 2. cage, aviary Lex. ; prison Sch. 3. net, snare Sch. yzem-pa, 1. t$. = O dzem-pa. 2. to do a thing gently, v zem-te dul- wa* C. to walk softly, *zdg-pa* C. to put down softly. zji:gr- yzer* also zei\ 1. nail, tack, sin-yzer wooden nail, Icdgs-yzer iron nail; yndm-yzer 'plug or bolt for fastening a door (at the top)' 6s.; *gydb-ce* W., *gydg-pa* 6'., yzer-baGlr., O dzug-pa Lex., O debs-pa and more frq. yzer-gyis O debs-pa B. to knock in, drive in, nails; lag-zer gydg-pa driving red- hot tacks into the finger-ends, a kind of torture in 6'.; yzer-bu, vulgo *ze-ru, zi-ru* a little nail. 2. a help to memory, for re- taining a lesson or doctrine, mnemonic verse Mil. 3. ray, beam, nyi-yzer sun-beam, f od-yzer ray of light; fsa-yzer 'a hot beam', bsil-yzer 'a cool beam'(?) 6s. 4. pain, ache, illness, (y)zug-yzer id., mgo-yzer head- ache, rgyu-yzer gripes, colic, po-yzer sto- mach-ache, rtsib-yzer pleurisy, so-yzeriooth- ache 6s.; *zer-kydn nd-la gydb-ba vag, or tdn-na rag* W. I feel the pains of labour; *zer-ldn* W. spasms in the stomach or some- thing similar; yzer- prig-pa to writhe with pain; yzer O po the pain passes from one part of the body to another S.g. yzer-ba l.to bore into, drive or knock into, zer C. nails, *nd-da* C. an arrow through the ear, Chinese punishment. - 2. to feel pain, to be suffering (= yzir- ba?)', can- fun yzer beer-tippling produces pain Med. yzer-bu, v. yzer 1, extr. yzo-ba 1 . \.bzo-ba. 2. to remember, keep in mind, own, acknowledge, esp. flrin a favour, also byds-pa, as much as to be grateful; de-dag-gi byas-pa yzo-bai ;//;> from gratefulness for their kindness Dzl.\ by as mi yzo they are ungrateful; di-in yzo- 496 yzon ba, drin yzo-bai sems gratitude, drin mi yzo- ba ingratitude ; drin-yzo-can grateful. * f 20 *' /^-^ cnisel > 9 rav ' ing-tool, puncheon. T sod 1- now ? * n ' s moment, (opp. to da &, before, a little time ago) M7.; at least just now, Mil. ; da-yzod(-cig), id.; da-yzod bu yin-par ca yod now I know that it is my son ; not until now, then for the first time (in narratives with preterite ten- ses) Pth.; then at length Pth. fzod-fsor- ba, fos-pa. -rdog-pa Dzl. to hear, to receive information, to be informed, to be told, ysegs- pa that he was gone Dzl. 3. yzod-ma beginning, commencement v. ydod-ma. m^k'n' yzon-pa, yson-pa with cud, v. cud and yzdn-pa extr.; bsgo-ba mar yzon-pa the precept was wastled in the ear, it entered at one ear and left at the other; one Lex. gives the explanation: bsldb-bya- la mi nydn-pai don. yzob-pa\. Sch. quick, sharp, clever; caution, circumspection. 2. v. yzdb-pa. bzan 1. n. of a medicinal plant in Tibet Wdn. 2. whatever is good, v. bzdn-ba. 3. agreement, treaty, v. sgrig-pa. bzdn-ba adj. and sbst., bzdn-po adj. 1. good, (*rjr). in every respect, answering its purpose, excellent, suited, morally good; bsam-pa bzan-po a good re- solution Mil. ; bday bzan -net if I behave well, keep myself free from blame, Do. (cf. legs-pa). 2. fair, beautiful, as to the body, frq.; nags-fsal bzdn-po a beautiful wood Mil.; yzugs-bzdn of a fine, tall stature. sbst.: bzan the good, that which is good in the abstract; bzdn-nas byun c \\> came from good' i.e. from a good heart; dei yzdn-lan- du as an acknowledgment of his goodness Glr. - Comp. bzdn-Kyi a species of large dogs Cs. bzan-sgrig treaty of peace, *)he'-pa* C., *co-ce* W. to make peace, to come to an- agreement, to conclude a treaty, frq.; bzan-sgrig-pa id. bzan-ndn good and bad, good and ill, bzan- nan -Jbrih ysum good, bad, and indifferent; bzan-ndn Jbyed-pa to discern between good and evil, to choose one or the other Schr. ; bzan-ndn rtogs-pai sems is an attempt to find an adequate ex- pression for the word 'conscience 1 Chr. P. bzah-fdl a good exit out of the Jior-ba (the cycle of transmigrations), a happy de- parture Thgr. bzan-drug 'the six good things' (nutmeg, cloves, saffron, cardamom, camphor, sandal- wood) C.; used by Mil. also in a fig. sense; in W. simply: cloves. - bzan- dod self-complacency. bzan- spyod 1. Cs. good action. 2. n. of a prayer of particular efficacy Glr., also called smon- lam-gyi rgydl-po. bzan-btson v. btson. *zan-lug* W. good behaviour, good treat- ment, *mi zig-ne fob-ce* to experience such from a person, *mi-la co-ce* to show it to a person. bzans, only in Kan - bzdiis, which Wdn. explains by kdn-pa brtsegs- pa a large house of several stories, applied only to the abodes of gods ; in W. also the cubical part of the Chodten is called so. bzad-pararely orbzod-pa; mi-bzdd- pa 1. intolerable Dzl., Do. 2. ir- resistible Do. JH3J' bzan, sometimes for zan, esp. food of animals, bzan O fsol-ba to seek food Mil ; pasture, pasturage, bzdn-la skyel-ba to place in pasture, to let feed Glr. ; bzdn-pa Ts. id. J" bzdb-pa v. yzdb-pa. ^ za "> I- v b-> f Qt - f za -ba, to eat, bza this is to be eaten, in dietetic pre- scriptions ; v. also zd - ba. II. sbst. 1 . (rarely yzd) seems to denote the members of a family, they being conceived as eaters or fellow -boarders; bzd - tso mdn-poi pa-md parents that have a large family Mil.; bza mans ndn-na among a numerous household Mil.', bza-drug a family, a company at table, of six persons, nif. C.; in certain combi- nations: wife, spouse, rgyd-mo bza the Chi- nese spouse, bdl-mo bza theNepalese spouse (of the king), Glr. frq. 2. meat, food. bzd-ba dan btun-ba meat and drink, spe- cially the quality and quantity of food, zd- 497 fear bzo ma bcud ce-la bza ce-ba nutritive and sub- stantial food Mil. nt. Comp. bza-ytdd, bzd-bai ytdd-so store of provisions, bzd-ytad-med-pa not having such a store Mil. bza-mi 1. = Kyo-suy husband and wife, byed-pa to become hus- band and wife, to marry each other, Kyod dan na ynyis bza-mi byao we will marry each other Glr.; bza-mir byin-gyis rlob-pa to give the nuptial benediction, to unite in wedlock, to marry Glr. ; dbul-po bza - mi ynyis a poor married couple Glr. 2. in a wider sense: household, bza-mi nyi-su- rtsa-ynyis a household of twenty two per- sons Mil. bza-med ill-fed, lean Mil. bzd-fso plur. of bza. *za-dd*. (lit. za-zld) W., C. partner, wife. bza -sin fruit-tree, bza-sin-rd-ba orchard , bza-sin-i'a-ba-srun- pa watchman or keeper of it Dzl bza- sug (vulg. *-sub*) = bza-mi C. bzar sometimes for zar; bzdr-ba v. Q dzdr-ba. bzds^pa v. zd-ba and yzds-pa. . bzi (sometimes yzi, zi), drunken fit, in- toxication, stupefaction; bzi s<ms-fehaving become sober again after intoxication Glr. ; *zi-can* W. intoxicated, muddled, bzi-ba 1. vb. to become intoxicated, to get drunk, bzi- bar ^yiir-ba id.; bzi-bar byed-pa to intoxi- cate, to make drunk 6s. 2. sbst. state of intoxication. 3. adj. drunk, intoxicated ' . bzun-ba v. O dzin-pa; it is used as an adv. in the form of bzuns-te, e.g. dei nub-mo-nas bzuns-te from that evening (prop, beginning with that evening), ever since that evening Mil; fsesbrgyad-nas bzuns- te nyai bar-du during the time from the 8 th. to the 15th. (day of the month). " bzur v. dzur-ba. "X.' bze-re, also bze Sch. : pain, bze-re-can suffering pain, bze-re byed-pa to inflict pain, to torment. (Cs.: 'indignation; angry; to be angry with.') H3C* b ze d 1- in comp.: pyag-bzed (hand-) basin 6s.; Ihun-bzedbeQgzfs bowl, alms- pot, frq.; bzed-snodS3\verSch. ; bzed-zdlLex., also zal-bzedCs.: "spitting-box; ace. to oral expl. a cup into which the higher class of people skim off the superabundant grease swimming on the tea (v. )a~); bzed-pa v. O dzed-pa. 2. bzed-sny6ms-pa wire-drawing Sch. bzo 1. work, labour, bzoirnam-^yyur the beauty of a work or workmanship Glr. ; bzo rgya-ndg-gi lugs as to the workmanship it is in Chinese style Glr. (by some the word is taken in these passages in the sig- nification 3). bzo-lasred-pa liking labour, laborious, = las Stg.; *zo fe-rel, mi-la ma (s)tan* W. the work is not yet finished, do not let people see it yet! snai bzo byed-gin Q dug-pas being just occupied with working out the noses Glr. 2. manufacture, art, trade, handicraft, rin-po-cei art of a jeweler, gos- trade of a tailor, dnul- art of a silver- smith, Icags- trade of a blacksmith, tag- of a rope-maker, rdo- of a stone-cutter, rtsig- of a mason, bzan- of a copper-smith, sin- of a joiner or carpenter, yser- art of a gold- smith, lha- of an image-maker, lham-bzo trade of a shoemaker. 3. also zo, figure, image, picture, resemblance, = dbyibs, *a-me zo dug* W. he is the exact likeness of his mother; appearance, physical constitution, v. zo. 4. sometimes for fed-pa, bzo-bo, so that all the words enumerated sub 2 may also denote the artist or workman. Comp. and deriv. bzd-Kan workshop. bzo-Ioydd, bzoikyadGlr. work of art, master- piece, elegant piece of workmanship. feo- Kyud, bzo-Icyun Cs.: \. potter's wheel. 2. a hydraulic machine (?). bzo-grd academy of arts, mechanics' institution Cs. bzo- rgyu working-materials Glr. *2o'-6sto(?), zob-sta, z6-sta* W. form, fashion, e.g. style of a house, its architecture; form, of a bottle, a lamp or candle stick, of any production of art; *zor-do* anvil-stone W. (bzo-rdo}. bzo-pa artist, mechanic, dnul-bzo-pa, silver- smith, and so forth. bzo-dpon master, over journey-men or the students of an art. bzo-ba, pf. bzos, to make, to manufacture C. (for the byed-pa of B., and *co-ce* of W.\ *par zo-wa* to print; *sem-kyi zo-wa* C. to frame in one's mind, contrive, invent; *zo- 32 498 bzod-pa pe tsa* manufactured salt, *zo-pe ser* arti- ficial gold Wdn. bzo-bo = bzd-pa, bzo-bo mfcds-pa a skilful artist Mil.; bzo-byed 1. id. 2. imaginative faculty, imagination, nif. bzo- Ids work Sch. n=^'r bzod-pa (rarely bzdd-pa) I. vb., ' ^j^, 1 . to suffer, bear, endure, c. ace., mig nd-ba ma bzod-nas not being able to bear the pain in his eyes DzL ; lus O dis na mi bzod with this body pain, disease, cannot be endured Tkgy.\ sam-rgyds-kyitugs-rjece- bas ma bzod-nas seems to imply : Buddha in his mercy not suffering this, but checking the mischief; also c. dat. : jdm-po-la mibzod he cannot bear what is soft or smooth DzL', ma-bde-ba bdg-tsam-la bzod-pa mi byed-de getting so fretful through a slight indisposition Mil.] ltd-basmi bzod-de finding it unbearable for his eyes Pth.; drdn-pas mi bzod-de as much as : so that he almost lost his senses over it Pth. ; bzod-fabs (or bzod-glags)-med-par O byuh-ba or O gyur-ba not to be able to bear . . . any longer, frq. ; mi-bzod-pa or -bzdd-pa adj., unbearable, in- tolerable, also irresistible; ma bzod-nas not being able to resist any longer Dzl. 2. to forgive, pardon, sitan- cad fo- fsdm-pa bzod- par ysol to pardon our former tricks is what we beg Mil. ; rtd-la ma skyon-pa bzod-par bzes O tsal thatl did not request you to mount, this I beg you to forgive me Mil. ; bzod- par j-sol-lo byas kyan although she begged pardon Pth. ; skyon-rnamsye-ses-spyan-ldan- rnams-la bzod-par ysol with respect to the deficiencies I pray for the indulgence of the very wise (readers); bzod-ysdl byed-pa to ask pardon, forbearance Pth. II. sbst. 1. patience (Ssk. ^rf^r), t>*6d- pa sgom-pa to exercise one's self in patience Dzl. V, 12; but also, to have patience, to show forbearance; bzod-pa bzes-pa, id. resp. (v. also above I, 2); bzod -pa- can patient; bzod-srdn unwearied patience; bzod-pa-cun impatient Mil., bzod-med Cs. id. 2. in as- ceticism: perseverance, stedfast adherence to the four truths, constancy in pursuing the path that has been entered upon, mi skye- bai cos-la bzod-pa ace. to Was. id., being at the same time no longer subject to re- births, p. (140). - Observ. So far as 'to forgive' implies patience, forbearance, it may be rendered by bzod-pa; but as the Scriptural view of 'forgiveness of sin' involves more than that, other expressions, such as bu-lon sel-ba, must be resorted to with reference to the latter. bzob-pa Sch. = ysob-pa. mtub, carried on the back, to convey water, v. cu-bzom sub cu. bzld-ba v. zld-ba. bzlas-brjod (cf. zld-ba II, 2); zld-ba in a strict sense, is stated to be the silent, br)od-pa the soft, yet audible pronouncing of spells etc., bzlas-btjod signi- fying both together; bzlas-br)6d byed-pa to mutter over Glr.; mii-stegs-pai bzlas-brjod Brahmanical spell-murmuring Thgy. bzlum-pa v. zlum-pa. bzld-ba v. zld-ba. bzlog the contrary, the reverse, prd- ba-las bzlog sbom-po the contrary of thin is thick Lex. bzhs, v. zld-ba. Q a, 1 . a letter peculiar to the Tibetan lan- guage, which, contrary to tJ (<l-v.) de- notes the pure vowel, without any admix- ture of a consonant sound. The difficulty which attaches to the articulation of this vowel, requiring an opening of the glottis 499 before it is sounded, has occasioned a great variety of pronunciation in the different pro- vincial dialects. Vide Phonetic Table with its explications. 2. numerical figure : 23. -cag, Cs. we, v. fxS' ^a-ci n. of a country Glr. -&-w0j with log-pa, Sch.: to per- form somersets, to tumble over, to roll. JCr < a - na -y a>l although, Sch.' ^a-na- ma-na Sch.; perfectly alike, having a striking resemblance (?). ^d-ma but, e.g. ^d-ma ma rjed cig but do not forget! Cs. n-Qr- < a -u r Sch" 'shaking or rattling sounds' ^ cf. jur-jur. pr- <'* 1- like yan, attached to conjunc- tions, and corresponding to the English ever, soever, after vowels, col. also after consonants, e.g. nam-^an. 2 ^dn-sgra, boh-bui Cs. the braying of an ass. nr-m* ^dn-ke (not ident. with an-gi num- ' ber), a mystical character, frq. oc- curring in certain finical ornaments or flour- ishes called sbriil-mgo, occasionally also in written words. -q- ^db-pa Ts. to bark. < dr -P> < dr -* an Ts - angry = ytum-po. **-&* C. lot, rgydb-pa to cast, = rgyan rgydb-pa. ^dr-yan also, too, likewise Sch. Q- j 1. num. figure : 53. 2. W. demonstr. pron. inst. of O di, this, also 'i-po. q- <t 1. num. figure: 83. 2. sbst. kiss, ^ v.,.0. 3. also^, 6s.: demonstr. pron., this, ^H-m-iit, ^u-nir, < o'-mV, hither; Ts.*wu- ahi* this. q-jy. ju-sgra Glr. noise of many foot-steps, ^ ^ prob. = ^ur-sgra. q-^cn->-^ 1. also ^o-c'flw/ Glr., ^6-cog ' Thgy., ^u-bu-cag Dzl. pers. pron. we. - 2. chimney W. (?). f-VSp]* <u-fug Sch.: ' Luderlichkeit, auch s'; but in W. * un-fug co-ce* means to break out into a violent passion, and ^un-fug-Uan or -caw* angry ; in C. *mu-fug-pa* and *dug-fiig-pa*\Q be at a loss; so also in Mil. Sch. q-Qjzn- <w-%r compulsory post-service, the gratuitous forwarding of letters, lug- gage and persons, the supply of the requi- site porters and beasts of burden (also more immediately these themselves), ori- ginally a socage-service rendered to lords and proprietors, government officers and priests; in more recent times remunerated and legally regulated in those parts that are visited by European travellers; mi-la ^u-ldg skul-ba to impose such services, by exacting porters etc. Pth., O gel-baid.; skyel- ba prob. to forward by Ulag; (Cs. limits the signification too much). >-SM Lt. coriander seed. * <fy-P<*, owl, Lt; ^ug-rgdn Sch. the great horn-owl, < tig(-gu')-cun the little owl; jig-mig owl's eyes (6s. 'large languishing eyes', Sch.: 'large protruding eyes'); ^-mig-can having such eyes, Jig mig-pa or -ma a goggle-eyed man or wo- man 6*s. 2. Ld. also for yug-po oats. Q^'lfc^f ^ug-sins v. sins-po. qr- ^ud 1. 6s. swaggering, bragging, bom- ^ ' bast, fustian ; ^ud cei* smra-ba to swag- ger, brag, gen. *wur se-pa*,C. 2. = yud Thgy., ^ud-kyis, in a moment, instantly, sud- denly. 3. command, order (?), Sch. : jtd- sgrog-pa to make known an order. *ub-pa to sweep or rake together with one's hands, pan-pas ^ub-kyis bsdw-te Pth. with the arms gathering all into one heap. ^m-bu-glan-mKar n. of the palace of the ancient Tibetan king Thothori, Glr. ,,,,.. jir 1 . noise, din, clashing, cracking, roar ^ of a tempest etc., but also and not less. 32* 500 a low, humming noise, rnd-bai bu-ga bkdg- pai fse ^ur-^iir zes-pai sgra the humming in the ears produced by stopping them Wdn., ^ur-^ur-po-yi sgra id. Wdn.; rnd-ba ^iir-la Jcrog there is a buzzing in my ear S.g.; ^r Idan or Q byun a noise is heard; Cs. more particularly: talk, babbling, chit-chat, ^ur- yton-ba to talk, to chat; *ton- < ur* C. (lit. ston) bragging, humbug; ^ur - sgra = ^ur noise caused by many voices, many foot- steps, cf. ^u-sgra ; of the howling of a tem- pest, ^Lir-sgra ce although it (the thunder) makes a great noise Mil. ; juur-tin a brass basin, used to make a noise by striking it Sch. ; ^ur-ba sbst. a humming insect, beetle Sch. ; vb., to be noisy, chattering, Cs.; dga- grays ju,r-te shouting, rejoicing Mil. ; %wr co-ce* to set a dog on a person W. ; * < wr bsdd-pa, ^ur-brddb btdn-ba* C., W. to exaggerate, brag, boast. 2. bag - dro ^ur -^ur Pth. seems to describe the feeling of a genial warmth pervading the body. 3. *wur gydg-pa* C., *'ur gydb-ce, tdn-ce* W. to smooth, v. dbur-ba. 4. ^ur-rdo a sling Sch.^ur-rdo O pen-pa to throw with a sling. f^" ^e num. figure: 113. f^o I. num. figure : 143. II. sbst. 1. pro vine, ^u kiss (^r). *o byed-pa to kiss Lt, Id-la on the mouth Pth. ; pyag, zabs resp. on the hand, the foot Cs.; <o yton-ba Cs., *'u Idn-ce* W., ^o byed- pa. 2. v. ^o-ma. III. pron. 1. pers. pron. we, v. ^u-cag. - 2. dem. pron. this Cs. v. ju III. IV. inter), (o ^o) 1. like oh, yes! as a reply: ^o Idgs-so oh very well! Mil ; *'o yon-nog, 'o dig-gog, 'o gydl-log W!, * ^o ydn-ne* C. well! it's all right to me! well, do so! ^o, ^o, so ! well ! very well ! in W. it is a common reply, indicating nothing more, than that attention has been paid to the words spo- ken, like the English well! indeed! 2. as a positive affirmative, yes! W., cf. <o-nd. is very often used as a reciprocal pronoun : ^-skol ma si prdd-pa the fact, that we have seen each other once more before we die Mil. gfqAQj- *o-brgydl, resp. fatigue, weariness, ^ want, any kind of hardship, *peb- lam-la ob-gydl ma kyod-da*W. has not your walk hither fatigued you? ^.o -brgydl yon- lugs the getting into difficulties Mil.; more frq. as vb.: ^o-brgydl-ba. fcyed-cag-rnams ^o ma brgydl-lam are you perhaps fatigued ? Glr.; zabs-tog ^o mi brgyal-ba Joul a short expression for: everything shall be at your service, so that you shall not want anything Mil. ; ^o - re - brgydl = ^o - brgydl 1 . trouble. drudgery, annoyance Mil. 2. decay, decline, ruin, of religion, usages etc. T ^o-snyig sour cream Sch. (Cs. also >-sA-oZ), Ld.'d-yo, we, Ml, Tar., Thgy., e.g. (if all men must die), ^o- skol Ita ci smos of course also we Thgy. ; it ^.o-snyigs birch-tree Sch. ^o-dod lamentation, wailing, cry for help, gen. as vb. ^o-dod O bod-pa to lament, to call for help Glr., Pth., Wdn.; ^o-dod-pa one that seeks help, support, re- dress, a client, a plaintiff, more in pop. lan- guage. J^y- ^o-nd (cf. <o, < on, ^on-kyan), comes ' nearest to the Greek aMa, used esp. to introduce a new thought or proposition in speech : now, what shall you do in that case? Dzl; well, what did he say? Dzl; well, I hope you have at least . . . Dzl. ; why, ay, Mil; but now Thgy.; but, the Latin autem, when a new clause is added Mil., Thgy.; yea, in a climax, e.g.: I met with a naked man, yea, an insane ascetic Mil. 2. as an answer in the affirmative, yes W. - cf&T <<*-* m '^5 ^o-ma jo-ba to milk Glr. ; snyol-ba to let it curdle Cs., srub-pa to churn it Cs.;^6-ma cags the milk thickens, coagulates Cs. Comp. <o-fdn 'milk-meadow', the plain in which Lhasa now stands; of the former lake, ^o-fdn-gi mfso Glr., a sedgy moor is said to be still remaining. <o-fi>g milk- soup Tar. ^.o-fud cheese, v. fud. +0- O fun suckling-child, baby, = zo- fun. < o- 9^1*3*3* ^o-ma-zi-zi 501 snod milk-vessel. ^o-spri, ^o-sri, cream. ^o-mdr 1. milk and butter Sch. 2. termin. of ^6-ma into the milk. ^o-zo milk-pail. ^-ma-zi-zi W. pater -noster pea, the seed of Abrus precatorius, used as beads for rosaries. o-yd, ^o-yog terrier Sch. ^o-re-brgydl v. ^o-brgydl. vr' ^o-so W., only in *'o-so tdn-ce or <jr#d&- ce* to laugh at, deride, to feel a plea- sure at the misfortune of others. CVXT- ^o-se mulberry, ^6-se-sin mulberry- tree; ba-^ds Med., perh. strawberry spinach, Blitum, which in W. is called ba- o-se, cow-mulberry. Q|. ,og, W. *yof, Ts. *wag*, 1. root sig- ' nifying below, or with reference to time, after, opp. to gon; ^og-fu, W. * yog-la* 1. adv. down, below, underneath; afterwards, later; in paging books it denotes the second page of a leaf, v. gon; it is used as an expedient to correct errors in numbering, or to make additions, as with us e.g. 'page 24, b'. 2. postp. under, with accus., less frq. with dat., down from; after (as to time, rank, succes- sion). ^6g-na, W. *yog-na*, 1. adv. under- neath, below. 2. postp. c. gen. under, after. - ^og-nas, W. *yog-nas* 1. adv. from under, from below. 2. postp. c. genit. forth from below ^6g-tu jug-pa to put underneath, to subject, subdue Glr.\ fca-^og Ts. = ^6g- tu, e.g. *sin-gi Ka-wdy* under the tree; some- times (less corr.) with accus. inst. of genit., also ^og alone, inst. of <6g-fu, 6g-na: *Ru- fog Gu- lab-sin 'og mi dug* W. Rutog does not stand under, is not subordinate to, Gulab Singh; Idin-^og the division of soldiers under the Dingpon, or a century (division of hundred); bcu-^og a body of ten men under a bcu-dpon or corporal. 2. testicles, of animals, ^og-can not castrated; *wog ce-pa* (spyad-pa) to cover, copulate C. Comp. and deriv. ^dg-sgo the lower ori- fices of the body for the discharge of the excretions, <6g-sgo fnyis S.g. ; more partic. the anus Pth. ^g-rdo anvil Sch. ^og- pag v. pag. ^og-ma adj. the lower, later, following one, dei ^og-ma the one following after that, the second in turn; *ld-me san ge-nyen ydg-ma zig dug* W. a Genyen is inferior to a Lama, ^og-min, ^RTf^T?, ' tQ e not inferiors' i.e. the highest, the inmates of a certain heaven inhabited by gods, or also that heaven itself. ^og-rol-tu = ^6g- tu Tar. ^og-rluu Lt. vapour, flatulence. ^og-sdl crop, craw of birds. SE'fl" < on -bQ>, pf. ons, imp. sog, B. and Bal. (*'o'/i-cos*), for which in common life almost always, and in more recent literature not seldom, yoh-ba, W. *yon-ce* ) is used, 1. to come, ma ^.oh-ba mfon-nas Dzl. when he saw his mother coming; ndit-du ^otis, Dzl. he came in; jyir ^on-ba Glr. to come back; mi ynyis nai drun-du Jzii-rgyu yin- pa Glr. two men that were about to come to me; ^on-bai Idm-du Pth. when being on their way ; ti-se-la sgom-du yons-pa yin Mil. we come to the Tise in order to meditate ; ^ons-pa Ugs-so you are welcome 6s.; nas ^o-dod by as kyan^on-mUanmedPth. although I was crying for help, nobody came ; kyer ^ons - so Glr. they came to bring , they brought with them; ftrid-sog bring hither! krid ^.dns-so Glr. they brought thither ; with reference to time : ma-^ons-pa not yet come, i.e. future, dus etc. very frq.; also poet.: ma-^oiis don-du for the benefit of those that are to come, i.e. of posterity; canyoit- bai rigs, Wdn., the kinds (of cerealia) from which beer comes (is made). 2. to happen, yod-pa yon-gin O dug-pas Mil. as it some- times happens that there are . . .; more frq. to occur, to be met mih^ren-bu^n^i/ur-na whenever an e occurs, wherever an e stands Gram. ; mii yul-na mi <on such a thing does not occur on earth Glr. ; *di-ru mi ydn(-ce)* W. that is not to be met with here. 3. to fall to the lot of, to be given, to come upon, c. dat., sras ^dh-bai ysol-ba btdb-bo Pth. she prayed that a son might be given to her; *Ko-la nad yons* W. a disease came upon him; *sod-nyom you* I receive alms, *sod-nam yon* I acquire merit W. ; to come in, yon-sgo income, revenue Schr., cf. yon- 502 ^on-mol fan sub fan 2. 4. to be suitable, prac- ticable, to do, bstdn-pa ycig-la ston-pa ynyis mi ^ons-pas Glr. as two preceptors for one doctrine will not do; yul-du log-pa mi ^.on- bas Glr. as a journey home is not practi- cable; ^o-yon-hog v. ^0; Ids-la oii-bai bdr- du as long as he was fit for work; to go on well, to do well 6'., *da yon-na* W. will it do now? 5. when connected with verbs, it serves to indicate futurity, like the English auxiliaries shall and will, as becomes evident from such expressions as the following: O ci- banamyon ca med Mil. when dying comes, i.e. when we shall die, is uncertain ; mdog <gyur - ba ^on Glr. a change of colour is coming, i.e. the colour will, or is going to, change; O gr6-ba mi yon-bar Q dug Mil. I am not likely (dug-pa, 4) to go there any more; *tel-ce mi yon* W. he will not be put to shame, not be disappointed ; also with the supine : srog dan brdl-bar ^gyur-du ^on Dzl. it will even come to his dying, it will be his death; zos-su ^on Dzl. he will even get so far as to eat . . . ; si-bar ^oh he will die ; still more free and popular are those turns, in which the gerund or the mere root is used: ynan-ste ^on Pth. he will assent to it, allow it; ycig min kyan ycig yin-te ^on Glr. if it is not the one, it will be the other; sleb yon he will come Mil. and in 6'. very common; yid-ces mi ^on they will not be- lieve it; it is also used to express the passive voice, and the English to become, to grow, to get: ses-na ha ysod ^on-bas Glr. as I should be killed, if she heard of it ; *zer yon* C. so it is said, expressed, i.e. this is the usual way of expressing it; *pel-te yon* W. it is getting larger, increases; or with a noun: smin ^oti Glr. it is growing ripe; rgydl-po Jbans-su^ohMa. the king becomes a subject. ^on-mol Ld. for ^61-mo. Qr- <od, light, shine, brightness, sar flames ' up, shines, O pro spreads, proceeds from ; ^od spro-ba to emit light, bkye-ba to spread Sch. ; ^od lham-mer mdzdd-pa resp., to shine with a bright light Sch. ; ^od Kens-pa filled with light Sch.', lus-la f od yod-pa self-lumi- " ^on-kyan nous, a property of primeval man Glr. ; nyi- ^6d sun-light, zla-^od moon-light, skar-^od star-light 6s.; ynam-^od brightness of the night-heavens, zodiacal-light Cs. ; me-^od fire-shine 6s.; lustre, brightness, of polished metal, ^od byin-pa to elicit a gloss or lustre, to give a bright polish Sch. ; metaphor, fair complexion, external beauty, *Kdn-pe 'od pelte yon* the splendour of the house in- creases, *bud ca dug* declines, decays W. ; ^od dan Iddn-pa B., ^od-can 1. luminous, emitting light; 2. bright, polished. 3. light, *da 'od-can ca yiv* W. now it will grow light. 4. of a fine colour, of a blooming appearance Glr. 5. beautiful, splendid, stately; jd-med, vulgo f od-med-Kan, the contrary. . Comp. ^od-kor or skor a luminous circle Lex. ^od-dkar \. white light. 2. syrnb. num.: 1. ^od-can, v. above. ^.od-dpag- med, Tjrf^Ttfn 1 ?? a l so snan-ba-mfa-yds the fourth Dhyani-Buddha, v. sans - rgyds. jd-spro (or proT) light? *nd-lo* W., *6d-fo tog* hold up the light! *6d-to bu* glow-worm, fire-fly; ^od- pro sometimes oc- curring in the names of gods. ^od-yzer ray of light Dzl. and elsewh. frq.; ^d-yzer- can n. of a god, ^od-yzer-can-ma of a god- dess Do. ^od-srun n. p. 1 . the human Bud- dha of the preceding period of the world. 2. a king of Tibet, son of Langdarma. ^od-ysdl 1. a bright light or gloss, ^od-ysdl mdans dan Iddn-pa very glossy, of leaves. 2. com. of the supernatural enlightening of the saints, ^d-ys'il-gyi ndii-nas yzigs-te Mil. knowing, beholding, by means of prophetic light. Qr-jj- ^d-ma cane, bamboo, ^od-ma fsal, ^TJf^T, cane -grove; such a grove near Rhjagriha was a favourite retreat of Buddha. gi- <on W. but (sed, auteni); (not so often ^ used as in English). ' ^on-kyan but, yet, notwithstanding Dzl. and elsewh , frq. in B. ; rarely ^on-yan for it Mil.; it stands at the be- ginning of sentences, but is also preceded by a gerund with -kyi y in which case it is almost pleonastic; Lexx. give ^ffT^t as tne 503 Ssk. word for it, which however seems not to agree with its use. * ^on-tan = ^on-kyah Lex. ^n-te B. and C. or if not, or else, or also, in double-questions after the ter- mination am of the first question. SJS'CJ" < on ~P a 1- deaf, also to be deaf; ^6n- pa-pa, ^on-pa-po, ^on-po a deaf man, ^on-pa-mo, ^on-mo a deaf woman Cs. ; ^on- ion deaf and blind. 2. to give, to bring, chiefly as imp. ^on-cig Dzl. ^on-sen, with byed-pa, to pay atten- tion, to watch, to spy Sch. Qrj- <ob 1. also ^.065 ditch, trench, pit Dzl', me-^ob fiery pit; also fig.: the fire-pool of passions. 2. v. yob. - ^om-bu 1. tamarisk, Myricaria Med. not unfrequent near the rivers of Ti- bet. 2. Sch.: 'a town, settlement' (?). Qi- <or 1. dropsy, viz the species anasarca, nif., pdgs-cu] dbu-^or prob. id. Med. 2. eddy, whirlpool Sch. C&'q* ^or-ba 1. to put or lay down 6s. 2. to feed, e. g. a little child W. nf-jr ^o/clover, trefoil, viz. snail-clover, medic, (Medicago); ^ol-fdn a plain covered with such clover; *'ol-kyoy* W. snail. * +ol-mdud v. 'ol-mdud. vulture -ScA.? i in a general way, generally 1 speaking, about, ^l-spyir id. &?A. ; <6l- spyi tsdm-du dus mnydm-mo they are about contemporaries Tar. Jlrba black horse Mil, Ld.-Glr. (Ts. *wdl-ba*). ^61-mo Ld. *oh-mol* besom, broom, brush, sfag-^61 birch-broom, zed-^61 hair-broom Cs. SW'^f^J* <l- m - s v Wdn. an officinal plant; 6s.: ^ol-ma-sa 1. a certain small berry. 2. a small weight'. ^.08 1. v. the following. 2. v. ^-se, ^6s-pa 1. vb. and adj. to be worthy, suitable; becoming, appropriate, with terrain, inf., in later times and vulgo, with the root, sbyin-par ^os it is becoming, it is meet to give; O di yzigs-par mi js it is not decent to see this; *ka-lon cd-ce 'os* W. he is worthy to be a vizier; *l'-sam la tah mi 'os* W. he is not worth such high wages; *la ndn-te tan 'os* W. he deserves extra- pay; yid-sm6n ^os to be wished, desirable; pyag by a - bar ^os -par ^gyur he becomes adorable; stdd-^os to be praised, laudable; bkiir-^os deserving honour 6's.; fams-cdd-la pog-^os-pai cdd-pa the punishment condign to all ; rarely with genit. : kun-gyis bkur-zin mcod-pai ^os Mil. he is deserving of uni- versal honour and respect, and even : rjei ^os min he was not worth to be a king, for which more frq. the termin. is used:/frd- mor ^os-pa zig Glr. the one that is the most deserving of being mistress, i.e. she that has the genteelest appearance, that is most of a gentlewoman; grogs -su ^.os-pa he is worthy to be his colleague, nif. Mil. 2. more particularly in colloquial language: right, W. *os-can, o-sari*; with a negative *mi-6s-pa,os-med, os-min* W., *mi-y-pa* etc. C. wrong (for the rigs-pa and mi-rigs-pa of earlier lit.); mi ^os-pai spyod-pa byed-pa Glr. to entertain illicit intercourse; rdzas ^6s-pa a lawful, mi ^ds-pa an unlawful matter Schr.\ *o-min-ghi tim-gdl*C. awrong, immoral act, sinful transgression ; *'os mi- os p6-ce* W. to discern between right and wrong ; with regard to a man's words, cre- dible, trustworthy, or the contrary. Sch. has besides : <os ci yod, 'what other means or way is there?' and: _os spyi-ba 'to finish (a thing) for the most part; to be good or tolerably good' (??). 504 ' ya-ma-zun yr ya 1. the consonant y, pronounced like the English initial y, in yard, yoke etc., in C. deep-toned; yd-btags, yd-ta Glr. the subscribed y or \^-. 2. num. fig. : 24. yr- ^/a I. often with, ycig, one of two things that belong together as being of one kind, or forming a pair, also one of two opponents; mig ya-ycig lon-ba Pth. blind of one eye ; lham ya-ycig Glr. one of a pair of boots, an odd boot; lag -pa ya-ycig-tu yser fogs, lag-pa ya-ycig-tu bu-mo Krid-de Dzl. in one hand holding the gold, with the other leading his daughter; ston-pa danysdl- ba ynyis ya ma brdl-bar Thgr. the empty and the clear (emptiness and clearness) being inseparable from each other; ya-gydl one of several, e.g. of three things Gram.; of six Lex. ; *yd-do* in W. the common word for grogs or zld-bo associate, companion, as- sistant, *yd-do co-ce* to assist; *nyl-ka ya yo'*C. they are equal to each other, a match, one as good as the other, *K6-la ya me', or Ko yajM'-Ken mi dug* C. he finds none that is a match to him, *di l(J-ke ya ne mi tub* C. I am not equal to the task ; Kai ya v. k'd-ya; ya-med = do-med; O fdb-ya ad- versary, antagonist; ya-zdr one-eyed; ya- ma-zun and ya-md-brla, ya-ya v. below. II. root signifying above, up etc. (opp. to ma), cf. goh; adj. yd-gi (also yd-ki Mil.}, pu yd - gi the upper or highest part of a valley Glr., ri-bo yd-gi the hill up yonder Mil.', yd-gi upper = heavenly Mil., opp. to md-gi; yar andyas v. the respective articles; the word, otherwise, occurs only in com- pounds: yd-rkan palate; ya-gdd (forskad) ladder Sch.;ya-g6n above, over Sch.; ya-mgdl, ya-mcu,ya-fem, ya-fog, ya-rdbs, ya-re, ya-so v. mgal etc.; ya-mfd the upper end, i.e. the beginning e. g. of a word, opp. to ma- mfa the end 6s.; yd-sa esteem, honour, love, shown to a person W. (= ze-sa B., C.\ *yd- se spe-ra* expressions of respect; *yd-se pi- la zer-na* if one speaks respectfully ; ya- sa-med-Kan uncivil, regard! ess, reckless, un- feeling; *yd-sa co-ce* to show love, regard, to treat with tenderness, to fondle, a child, animal etc., opp. to md-sa, which however is less in use. y a ~^ a mutual revilings Ma. : ma smdd- la yah yd-Ka sgrags mother and chil- dren abuse one another. Cs. : yd-ga bad reputation (?). J" ya-gydl v. ya I. ^ yd-na(-ba) C. also *yd-na-bo* (prob. for/i/a ndn-pa) shuddering, fright, anguish, with genit. or accus. of that which is the cause of it Do. ; yd-na-bai dmag- fsogs Mil. a formidable host; yd-nai gegs terrible danger Pth. yd-ta v. letter ya. y a ~ tra (procession and feast, in honour of some idol) W.: festivity, reveling, in beer with dumplings and pastry, held in autumn or winter, in memory and for the benefit of the souls of those that died during the last year. J**T* yd-do v. ya I. yd-po butcher; executioner Schr. '^* yd-ba prob. = yya-ba. Mil. ? ya-ba-ksa-ra Ssk. saltpetre Med. yd-ma 1. the temples. 2. a severe cold, catarrh. Med. ; *yd-ma rag* W. I have a bad cold. 3. n. of a goddess, = brtdn-ma. - ya-ma-zun unsymmetrical, incon- gruous, not fitting together, e.g. two unequal shoes; of religions, languages, ya-ma-brla 505 ydn-ge customs, that have sprung from heteroge- neous elements; of behaviour: inconsistent: unheard of, prodigious, co- prul magic feats Tar. ...._.._._. ya-ma-brla, *ya-md-la*, U: ya- ^ ma-la-po, Ts.: *ya-ma-kn-te* , Lis. : = snyin-po-med-pa, mi-bden-pa vain, unstable, fickle, not to be trusted or depended upon. yu-mfsan 1. wonder, miracle, super- natural occurrence, adopted also as the term for the miracles of Scripture Chr. Prot. ; ltds-sam yd-mfsan ci byun DzL what signs and wonders have happened? yd- mfsan-du O gyur-ba Dzl. to happen, to come to pass in a marvelous manner; yd-mfsan- ste Pth. being a wonderful man; Kyod-la O di-tsam rig-pa- med-pani yd-mfsan- ceo that you are so ignorant is very strange (wonder- ful); *yd-fsem-po*C. marvelous, miraculous; yd-fsam-can id.Schr. 2. wonder, astonish- ment, amazement, rgydl-po yd-mfsan cen-po skyes-te Tar the king greatly wondering; *ydm-fsan fsor-ce, co-ce* W. to wonder; yd- mfsan-gyi ynds-so Tar. it is a thing to be wondered at; de-tsam yd-mt'san-rgyu med Mil. that is not so very astonishing. yj*w* y a ~y a 1- ^' s - : differing, diverse, yd-ya- ba diversity; yd-ya-bor gyur-ba Sch.i a subject of dispute, contrariety of opinion. 2. yyd-ya. ya-yo crooked, wry, col. Cs. ya-ldd corselet and helmet, mail, ar- mour, yser-gyi of gold; also fig. B. yd-sa v. ya II. ya-hu-dd Judah. ya-hu-dd-pa jew Chr. Prot. ya-ho-wd Jehovah Chr. Prot. V a y-p a a small mattock, hoe, cdg-yag iron hoe, sin-yag wooden hoe Ts. y a y-P> P rov - a l so J<xg-po, seldom in B., but otherwise common in C. and W. good, in all its significations, both as to men and things, = bzdii-po; *dei pi- la di ydg-po* W. for that purpose this is good, fit, serviceable; *yag-po )he-pa* 6'., *co-ce* W., c. c. la, to caress, to flirt, also in an obscene sense; ydg-po ydg-po well, well! yi-- yan 1. (accented), again, once more; likewise, also, further, hq.,yan yan Mil, yan dan ydn-du Tar., ydn-nas ydn-du Dzl. again and again; joined to adj. and adv. denoting a higher degree, still: yan cun Mil. still smaller, O di ci-gan-las yan dgd-ba zig byun Mil. that was still more pleasing than any thing before; yan sgos Mil. still more in detail; *ydn-non-zag* W. the third day before yesterday. 2. (unaccented, throw- ing the accent back on the preceding word), after the final letters g, d, b, s, gen. kyari, after vowels often < aw, also, too, the Latin quoque, na yan, bdag kyan I too ; bu ce-ba yan Dzl. my eldest boy too ; bsod-nams dan yan Iddn-pa Dzl. having also merit; yan yan , both and ; Q di yan de yan both this and that, pyi-rol yan nan yan both outside and inside; followed by a ne- gative, neither nor; yan singly, with a ne- gative: not even, kar-sd-pa-ni ycig kyan mi sbyin-no Dzl. I shall not even give a cowry for it; yan with a comparative (as above) still, sndr-bas kyan Ihdg-par still more than formerly ; as effect of a preced- ing cause, SO then, kyeu de yan fse O das-so Dzl. so then the boy died, bsdd-pa yan grans-med-do Dzl. so then there were people killed without number; einphat., even, rin- por ma Ion-par smra yan ses-so Dzl. within a short time he was even able to speak; sna-tdd kyan Dzl. even before this; kar- sd-pa- ni Jbum yan even so much as a hundred thousand cowries (I would give) ; also joined to a verbal root: fams-cad O dus kyan even if all without exception be gather- ed ; although, btsal kyan ma rnyed although they were seeking, they did not find, or, they were seeking indeed, but did not find ; this latter turn is frequently used, where we use but, yet, nevertheless etc. y,p.,x* yan-skydr 1. sbst. postscript. 6s. - 2. adv. again, afresh, anew C. ydn-ge v. ydii-po. 506 yaii-sgos ydn-sgos v. yah 1. 'tS*: ydn-car Bhot. and Schr. * yan-lci v. ydn-po. ydn-jug the second of two final letters, viz. s after g, n, b, m. ing uncertain), is said to be the n. of a green stone, which is worked into handles of knives etc. W. in-dag-pa \. ddg-pa. ydn-na or, in B., com. pleon. after the affixed am {gam, nam etc.), which in itself already expresses the or; it is also preceded by dan- further, Thgy.; either or - , yati-na {ni) yan-na {ni) . ydn-sprul v. sprul-pa. dit-mo* C. and W*ydn- ghe* Ts. adj., ydn-ba adj. and sbst., light, lightness, opp. to Ici-ba, q. cf. ; fig. ojam-zin ydn-ba what is soft and light, com- modious and easy Dzl.', of food cf. Ici-ba II.; weak, *de san ydn-mo yin* W. this is a weaker, less emphatic, word than that; *no ydn-mo* C., W. cheerful, happy. ydn-ma early barley, v. nas I. ydii-mes-po great-grandfather, ydn-mes-mo great-grandmother Sch. ydn-rtsal very high skill, consum- mate art Mil - ydn-rtse the highest point, summit, fig. the height of perfection. *<35* ydn-fsa great-grandson Sch. ri-ra W. buck, ram, he-goat. =pd-ra. ydn-la prob. = ytin-na S.y. ydn-sos n. of a hell Tligy. ydns-pa 1. also -po, wide, broad, ydn-pa ne-sa) yan-pa dug* W. here is much room; fig. *mig-ydii* C., W. liberal, generous, boun- teous; * 'y 'an -tried -la , yan-ydn-pa-la* W. sudden, unexpected, unawares; * yan -lug co-i-e* W. to hang or throw a coat over, without getting into the sleeves; yan-sam byed-pa id., Sch.; ' ;: yan-hlub* C., W. wide, of clothes. 2. v. -/yen-ba. city large, fan, sa-yzi a large or wide field, plain Glr.', yans-sin rgya-ce-ba large and spacious, of a house S. 0.; *gu-sa (or wjcsrq-ss- y^-P a - 1 and else India, now Allahabad. ytr. yan (= ya II, opp. to man III q. v.) ' what is uppermost, man-yan below and above 6s.; ydn-na Cs.: above, in the begin- ning, in the first part; gen. yan stands as adv. or postp. with accus., = ydn-la, yan- cdd{-la), yan-cod{-la), above, in the upper part, Ite-ba yan steh-la yod-de Glr. lit. above the navel standing out of (the water), i.e. standing in (the water) up to the navel; sta-zur yan- cad Dzl. above the hips; io- brgydd yan-cdd Pth. above eight years old; otherwise when referring to time, always till, to ; often preceded by nas, from . . . forth, Glr. y._.^p. yan-ljin dulcimer, musical instru- ' ^ ment in Ts. WJ* yun-pa&&]., free, vacant, unoccupied, having no owner, of places and things that are common property, like the air, rocks and stones etc. ; Kyi ydn-pa a dog without a master, vagrant dog; gral ydn-la yod there are yet places unoccupied; of fields: unfilled, fallow-ground; yan tfydr-la ma ca, v. Ji-ydr-ba; ydn-gar-ba separate, apart, by itself Lis., rgyal-rigs ydn-gar-ba zig a se- parate dynasty, a dynasty of its own ; ydn- gar-du id., adv. Was. (281); rgya-ydn the external world, ryya-ydn{-gyi} ynyen-pa Glr. a helper from the external world; sems rgya-ydn-du ma sdr-bar byos take care that the mind be not distracted by outward things; *yan ca-ce* W. to disperse, *lug, nor fsan-ma, sam-pa yan son* W., the sheep have dispersed (or a sheep has strayed), the fortune is gone, the thoughts are lost, wandering; ydn-du jug-pa to suffer (the sheep) to disperse on the pasture ; nad ydn- pa wandering (contagious) disease, = yams Sch. (ydn-pa to run about, to wander Sch., is rather doubtful). ydn-lag 1. member, limb, ydn-lay liia arms, legs, and head Mny.\ ydn-lag skyon-can an injured or defective limb Lex. ; ydn-lag nyams-pa weak in the limbs, decrepit, crazy, = zd-ba Lex. 2. fig. branch of a river, branch of a tree ; dge- bsnyen-gyi ydn-lag yzuh-bar bgyio Do. was explained: I wish to be counted a branch, i.e. a member, of the community of novices; appendage, something subordinate to a great- er thing, like branch-establishment Tar. 175, 3; also with reference to books: appendix, supplement Tar. 3. branch, section, sepa- rate part of a doctrine or science, frq:, a par- ticular head, point, thought, in a treatise. yiq- yab, resp. for pa, father, rgydl-po yab yum ysum Glr. the king and his two consorts; rgydl-po yab yum denotes also king and queen as father and mother to the country Glr.; yab rgydl-po -la ysol-to Dzl. he said to his royal father; yab-srds father and son, in a spiritual sense : master and disciple; yab-mes l. father and grand- father. 2. progenitor, ancestors Glr. y db -P a > ryM-pa 1. to lock, lock up, secure, cover over Sch., yab-ca things well secured, under safe keeping; ydb-yob-pa to hide, conceal Sch. ; yyab or yyab-sa covered place, covert, shelter Sch. ; yab riii - po portico , veranda, e g. of the monastery atTashilhunpo; yab-ras awning, tent Sch. 2. C. to skim, to scoop off, from the surface of a fluid. 3. W. to move to and fro, hither and thither, v. yyob- pa. - wq'Sf zroq'f : y db - mo > 7ydb-mo 1 . the act of fanning, waving, lag-pa ydb-mo byed-cin O ci-ba dying whilst waving the hand to and fro, considered as a sign of peace Do.; gos-kyi ydb-mo byed-pa Glr. to beckon by waving with one's clothes ; hence fig. 2. the bringing on, provoking, dgrd-boi of an enemy Mil., O puii-yzii a calamity Mil. ; ydb-mo )he'-pa or yydg-pa to beckon to come, to bring (something adverse) upon 507 one's self. 3. fan, rha-ydb a. a yak-tail fan Cs. b. kettle-drum stick Sch.', sbran- ydb fly-brush 6s.; rlun-ydb ventilating- or cooling- fan 6s.; bsil-ydb pankah {Hind.'), a large fan suspended from the ceiling and set in motion by means of a string. 4. sail 6s. ? ydm-bu rdo-fsdd v. rdo com p. y am ~ me ~ ba ^' Sch-'- coarsely, roughly, of a coarse make, rough- hewn. 2. Mil. : cui Kd-na par-la ydm-me ysegs he walked softly gliding across the water to the other bank. yam-yd* Vs. also yam-yam Thgr. tottering, not steady Cs. yam-yom byed-pa to totter. yams, yams-ndd 6's., nad-ydms Glr. epidemic or contagious disease, plague, ma-yams a plague caused by evil spirits, v. ma-mo. Usi^* y ar -> ^ rom y a i U P' u P war l? also ydr-la, e.g. yzigs-pa to look up Glr., yar- gro mdr- gro byed-pa Glr. to travel up and down; yar mar O cdg-pa B., *kyod-ce* W. resp., to walk up and down; ydr-la Kyer sog bring or fetch up Pth.; yar ma sgyugs mar ma O fon-par Pth. as it would go off neither upward by vomiting, nor downward ; ydr-nas mar-la how top to bottom; yar fon- pa Thgy. to come up again, from a depth; *yarmar fsan-ma-ru* W. in every direction, all over; in such expressions as yar lan-ba to rise, get up, yar O pel-ba to increase, it stands pleon.; ydr-la also denotes a relation to that which is higher, the intercourse with, the deportment towards, superiors (yndr-la the contrary) Glr.; esp. with reference to the transmigration of souls and their final deliverance : yar ycod-pa to cut off the way to the three upper classes of beings, the so- called 'good natures', yar skye-ba to be re- born in the upper classes, the reverse of which is mar O grib-pa to sink down to the lower; yar O drtn-pa to draw or lift up to heaven. ydr-ltos imitation Sch. 508 ydr-ba yt-ge ydr-ba to disperse, ramble, stray C. (= *^aw cd-ce* W.) ; to spring or leap off Cs. ; to be scattered Sch. yar-lun Glr. a large tributary of theYangtsekyangcomingfrom the north, in western China, east of the town ofBathang; nevertheless Tibetan historians, from a partiality to old legends, describe it as flowing near the mountain of Yarlha- sampo. V. Kdpp. II, 50. UJ^'^'CV&r^r K*rftlaip0,*snowymonn- tain, between Lhasa and the frontier of Bhotan, near which according to tradition the first king of Tibet, ynya- Kri-ytsdn-po, Nyalitsdngpo, coming from India, first entered the country. piw y dl ~9 a branch, bough, frq., ydl-gai ' fsul-du ramified S.g., ydl-ga-can branchy, full of boughs; yal-prdn 6s., y al- ga preu Sch. small branch, twig; yal- Q ddb a branch full of leaves Cs. Ujq*q* yM-ba to dwindle, fail; disappear, vanish, drod yal animal heat (in a living being) diminishes, (an inanimate ob- ject) cools down, grows cold; had yal it evaporates Lt. ; of beer : to get stale, dead (W.: *yal cd-ce*); *(s)kug(s) gydl-Kan-la yal ca dug* W. the stake is lost in going to the winner; )a ydl-ba bzin-du Glr. like the vanishing of the rainbow; yal-siil Wdn. in a fruit the remnants of the withered blossom ; to be obliged to yield, to be dislodg- ed Glr. fol. 25, but perh. the signification: to disappear is also here admissible ; lus dan srog yal Dzl. body and soul are trifled away, are lost; *go-ydl* (v. sgo-po) one who has lost himself by gambling and has thus be- come the slave of another; ydl-bar O dor-ba, J>6r-ba, I. Sch. to annihilate, annul. 2. Cs. to despise, fzan other people. Of. yol-ba. WQJ'UsIdT y a l-ydl Cs. 1 00 000 octillions, yal- ydl cen - po a nonillion ; yet cf. dkriqs-pa. usjor&R" -vw y . al ~ y6l > ~ yid inconstanc y> ^ inattention, carelessness Cs., Sch. y^i fr m y a > ! f rom above, Jbdb-pa to come down from above 6s. ; above. yds-kyi the one above, the upper one Do. ; yds-nas from above 6'., yas mas, a. from above and from below 6s. b. upward and downward 6s.; yas-byon coming from above Mil. 2. Off, away, yas yton-ba, O pan-yds ytoii-ba, ytor-yas byed-pa Glr. and elsewh., to throw away. 3. in comp. without, mfa- yds without an end, endless, frq.; bgrah-yds numberless Gram. ju- yi, 1. num. fig. : 54. 2. in some com- binations inst. of yid, so yi ycod-pa yi(d) cdd-pa 1. to forget, e.g. a benefactor Glr. 2. more frq. to give up, to despair Dzl; de- spondency, despair Mil.', yi-pH-ba a disliking, hatred 6s. ; yi(d)-mug-pa, yi-miig-par Q gyiir- ba to despair, frq.; yi-rdn-ba to be glad, to rejoice, v. rdn-ba; yi-ysdd-pa Cs. = yi- mug-pa. yi-ga appetite, yi-ga O gag, Idog the appetite is lost, aversion, disgust is felt, yi-ga sdan id. Sch.; O cus id. Med.; yi- gar ^on it is grateful to the taste, it tastes well Med. y-9 e n com P- W can( W. *)'6m-yig*) the Tibetan printed letters, dbu-med( W.*ta-yig*) current hand- writing, of which there are again different kinds: dpe-yig the more distinct and care- ful, used in copying books, Jtyug-yig the cursory and often rather illegible writing in letters, and Jbam-yig, the very large and regular style invented for the use of ele- mentary writing -schools (v. specimens of all of them in the lithogr. supplement to Cs.'s grammar). yi-ge-drug-pa the six- syllable (prayer), theOmmanipadmehumG^/-. and elsewh.; yi-ge-bdun-pa and brgyd-pa Mil.? yi-ge bsldb-pa to learn reading and writing, yig-rtsis reading, writing, and cy- phering; kd-yig the letter k. 2. anything that is written, note, card, bill, document: inscription, title (more accurately &-#?#), esp. letter, epistle; yi-ge bzdg-pa a deposited do- cument, bond C. ; dge-sdiy-gi yi-ge register of virtues and iniquities; yi-gei Ian a written answer Glr.; yi-gei subs a. envelope, b. letter- case, pocket-book; yi-ge O bri-ba to write a letter, spnh-ba W. *kdl-ce* to send off, fob- yi-divags 509 pa to receive a letter; yi-ge sleb a letter arrives; yi-ger O bri-ba Dzl., O god-pa to com- pose, to pen down ; yi-ger Jbrir jug-pa to get copied; yi-ger bris jog pa literis man- datum deponere', sku-yig letter, circular epistle; Jid-yig v. above; cdd-yig contract, bargain; O cdms-yig dancing-book, rules re- lating to religious dances; O col-yig letter of recommendation 6s.; rtdgs-yig 1. stamp, sig- nature Cs. 2. certificate, credentials W.-ynds- yig description of a place; sprins- or O prin- yig = skur-yig; bu-yig 1. copy. 2. commen- tary, opp. to md-yig 1. original, first copy; 2. text Cs.; O dzin-yig = rtdgs-yig 2 W.', zu- yig memorial, petition; Idn-yig letter in answer, reply; Idm-yig 1. hand-book, road- book, guide, sdm-bha-lai lam-yig description of the road to Sambhala (a fantastical book). 2. itinerary, travelling-journal (?). 3. pass-port Cs. jn-rcn^r yi-dwags (from etymol. subtility written also yid-tags or yid-btags), jfcf, the fifth class of beings of Buddhist cosmography, condemned in a fore-hell to suffer perpetual hunger and thirst, a grade of punishment preceding the final and full torments of hell; they are represented as giants with huge bellies, and very narrow throats, inhabiting the air Kopp. I, 245. yi-dam, less frq. yid-dam ( dam- bca) resp. fugs -dam 1. oath, vow, asseveration, promise, yi-dam-la brten-pas because he firmly adhered to his word Dzl. 2. a 'wishing prayer' (v. smon-lam), yi- dam bcd-ba to make a vow Dzl., to pro- nounce a wishing prayer Dzl. 3. medi- tation (this signification rests only on the analogy with tugs-dam, and has yet to be confirmed by quotations from literature). - 4. also yi-dam-lhd tutelar god, a deity whom a person chooses to be his patron, whether for his whole life, or only for some particular undertaking, and with whom he enters into an intimate union by meditation; frequently also it is a defunct saint or teacher (so e.g. the yi-dam of Milaraspa was rdo- rje- can); sometimes such a connection sub- sists from infancy through life, or the deity makes advances to the respective person by special revelations, so in the case of king Sron-btsan-sgam-po Glr. 5. ace. to Cs. 's proposition: sacrament; yet our Christian converts preferred the more popular dam- bca. &PJ' yig = yi-ge as an affix, v. yi-ge. yig-bskur, also yig-mgo, epistolary guide, containing the different addresses and customary phrases used in writing letters W. yig - /can library C., chancery Sckr. yig-mKan secretary, book- keeper, clerk Glr. and elsewh. yig-ca Glr., Tar. written accounts, records, books of history. yig-dpon a 'master-writer 1 Cs. yig- preh line, written or printed. yig- brii a single letter. yig-fsdri 1. archives, re- cords, documents Glr. 2. book-case Glr. - yig- dzin written contract, bzdg-pa to indent (articles of agreement). jr yid> res P- f u 9 s -> 1. 1- soul, mind, esp. the ' powers of perception, volition and ima- gination, cf. bio ; yid bzin-du as one would wish, to heart's content, frq.; yid-bzin-gyi nor-bu a jewel or talisman that grants every wish; yid-du ^on-ba adj., rarely yid-^on-po Mil. engaging, winning, pleasing, skye-bo mdn- poi yid-du ^on-ba Do. beloved with many; nice, pretty, of girls, houses etc., frq. ; also yid-kyi inst. of it, e.g. yid-kyi mfo a pretty lake Sbh. ; nai-yid ^on my dearest! my darling! Pfh.; yid-du-mi-^on-bai fsig smrd- ba Wdn. to say some unpleasant word; whereas W.: *da yid -la yon or jun* now it comes into my mind ; na yid-du mi rag I do not recollect; 6'.: *yf-la ma son* it would not go down with him, he had no mind for it; nai yid-la mi Jbab Tar. it does not please me, I do not like it; yid-la sar kyan ro mi myon Mil. though you may fancy it in your mind, yet you do not per- ceive the taste ; yid-la byed-pa, O dzin-pa W.: *co-ce, b&r-ce*, to comprehend, perceive, re- member, mind, take to heart, frq.; yid-kyis byed-pa to do a thing in one's mind, fancy, e.g. sacrificing, like dmigs-la Thgr.; yid-kyis b if UK-pa fancied, imaginary, ideal 6s.; *yv"- 510 yid-tags yin-pa kyl log-spa* C. to read mentally, softly, in- audibly; before many verbs yid stands al- most pleon. : *yid kul-ce* W. to exhort; yid /cul-ba Sch. 'mental suffering', perh. better: to be uneasy, troubled, harassed; yid Jcrul- baio be mistaken; yid-cad-pa \. yi-ycod-pa', yid-ces-pa to believe, with the accus. or dat. of the thing which one believes, with the dat. of the person whom one believes, . . . par, that . . . (cf . dad-pa) ; Kyod-la cun zig yid ma ces-pas Mil. having become a little distrustful towards you; *yid (or den)-ce- cei spe-ra* W. credible words; yid-brtan- dkd-ba Tar. not to be depended upon, hardly to be believed ; yid-ynyis doubt: fe-fsom dan yid-ynyis ma byed cig Mil. ; yid O pdm -pa Mil. to be cast down, dejected, depressed; yid O prog-pa Mil. to prepossess, to infatuate; yid bloii-ba to be afraid, full of anxiety (?) Sch.; yid Jbyurl-ba, resp. fugs-Jbyuii-ba Mil. to be sad, unhappy, discontented, la, on ac- count of; ha Kor-bai cos-la yid-byun-nas Mil. I was wearied of the way of (con- stantly moving in) the orb of transmigration; yid- byin-paio make discontented or weary; yid-mug-pa v. yi-mug-pa\ yid O fsim-par ^yur-baDzl.to become satisfied, contented; *yid fsim co-ce* W. to satisfy; y id-log-pa to be tired or weary of Sch.; yid-fun Dzl. forward, rash, overhasty; yid- duns v.duns; yid-myos fuddled, tipsy ; yid-smon v. smon- pa; yid-yzuns v. yziins; yid-srubs Lexx., Sch. : 'a refractory, stubborn mind', which however does not suit the connection. 2. symb. num.: 14. II. = yud, yid-tsam for yud-tsam, Wdn frq. ' yid-tags v. yi-dags. juT-rr yin-pa, resp. and eleg. lags-pa I. to be, with neg. ma yin or min, W. *man* ; Kyod su yin who are you? bsa de-ka na yin Mil. I was the leopard (you saw) ; with genit., nai yin that is mine, belongs to me ; *di-rin za-nyi-ma yin* W. to-day is Sunday ; gdii-nas yin Mil. whence are you ? O di med-pas yin Pth. it is because this is not here . . . ; na bu-moi dus-na yin-te Glr. when I was still a girl; *yin kyait* 6'., *yin- na yait* W., C. for ^on kyaii yet, neverthe- less, notwithstanding; yin-gran^-na) \.grdn- ba extr. ; yin for optat or imp. : de yin 1 . SO it is, yes. 2. that may be, mi O dod run deyin Mil. if you feel no inclination, never mind, let it be so ! dgrd-bo yin-na-^an yin Mil. if he is an enemy, let him be so ! yin-na stands also pleon. with adverbs etc. : shar yin-na = siiar Mil.; yin, so it is! yes! mm, W. ''man*, no! yin-min truth in a relative sense, yin-min-gyi fe-fsom bsal Glr. it removes all doubts as to the truth, e.g. the historical truth; ma yin-pa, min-pa 1. vb. not to be a thing. 2. adj. not being a certain thing, ma yin-par, adv. ; cos ma yin-par 'not being law', i.e. contrary to the law of religion, wrong, unjust, = mi rigs-par; yul, dus, fsod, rigs-pa ma yin-par spyod-pa Thgy. to do a thing at a wrong time or place, without observing due measure, in an improper or unnatural manner; hence also ma-yin-pa alone : wrong, unjust; *ma-yim-pe c{>-pajM- Icen-la ten-sig zer* C. whoever commits an improper action is called *fen-sig*; hence also yin-min right and wrong. 3. v. min. Cf. moreover yod-pa and O diig-pa, which may be used for yin-pa, but not inversely. Sometimes it implies to mean, to signify : /via de ci yin Glr. what does this drumming mean ? raydl-po Icon-ran yin dgons the king thought (the prophecy) meant him, referred to himself; fog -ma hed-kyi pyir ma yin- pas Dzl. as from the very beginning it was not aimed at me, had no reference to me; also in other instances, where we have to use words of a more precise character: Kyod- kyi lo gah yin -pa -la Ko-it'O dgu-gis Tar. whilst the sensibility that was with you, i.e. the discretion shown by you, gives me much pleasure. II. yin is joined to a partic. pres., quite analogous to our English construction: ^gro-ba yin I am going Md., C.; Kyod-la Idm-mKan yod-pa e yin? Mil. (are you having) have you a guide? dei ndh-na su yod-pa yin? Glr. who is within? it is also joined to a partic. pf., when re- ferring to the past: na-rdn-la skyes-pa yin Glr. I have born him ; cad-pa yin-pas Glr. 511 yun-ma because he is descended from . . . ; ci byun- ba yin, Glr. what has become of him? de- dus ci byas-pa y in Mil. what were you doing just then? so esp. W. : *ze'r-pa yin, zer-pen* he has said it, *kdl-pen* it has been sent off; joined to the partic. fut., (or to the partic. pres. or pf., in as far as these are sometimes used also for the fut.) it ex- presses futurity : si-ba yin Pth. I shall die ; no su ses-pa-ld bskur-ba yin Glr. she shall be given to him, that will know her, find her out from amongst the rest; O gro-ba yin mod Glr. indeed you will have to go now. When joined to a root, it is only in W. that it denotes the future : *Ub yin, Ub-bin* he will come, *tdn yin* he will give. Comp. *yin-tog-can* W. thinking one's self to be something (great), proud, con- ceited. yin-fsul Mil property, attribute, ni f. yin-lugs 1. circumstances, condition (= ynds - lugs?); Koh-rnams-kyi yin - lugs brjod Mil. she related to him her circum- stances. 2. nature or essence of things Mil. yW yib, v. car-yib eaves, shed Mil. nt., yet cf. the following. - yib-pa to hide one's self C. t W.] car yib byed-pa Pth. to take shelter from the rain; *yib-te bor-ce* W. to hide, conceal; yib-ma something hidden Sch.; yib-sa place of concealment, hiding-corner. IP 8 ' termination of the instrum. case after vowels, po. uq- yu 1. sbst? yu byed-pa to calumniate ^ Sch. (?); yu-na if it is true Sch. (? ?) 2. num. figure: 84. ra* ,y u '9 u i ~% u oa ^S, or a similar kind - U of grain, which, in case of need, may serve for food C. y,._. gj_. yu-gu-sin officinal tree, yielding Ns NJ a remedy for wounds and sores S.g.; also fig. Wdn. yu-gur, yu-ge-ra, n. of a country and people, 6s., which Sch. gratuitously identifies with Taii- gud; however Glr. p. 32 is stated, that Ti- bet derived mathematical science and works of art from the east, viz. China and Mi- nyag (i.e. Taii-ijud), laws and specimens of workmanship from the north, viz. Hor and Yugera (which are frequently mention- ed together Ma.) a passage which Sch. (History of the Eastern Monguls, 328) trans- lated, but owing to an obscurity in the Mon- gul text, he failed to recognize Yugera, instead of which he has the word 'Gugi', questionable even to himself. (Sch. on the 'Phantom of the Turkish Uigures', v. Preface to Dzl IX.). yu-ba handle, hilt, shaft, gri-yu haft of a knife; stdr-yu helve of an axe; debs- yu handle of an awl; Ihdm-yu leg of a boot Cs.; yu(-ba)-can provided with a handle, yu-med without a handle Cs.; yu-bcdd 'shoes, slippers' Sch. (?). ^'^'t^H' yu-bu-cag Cs. = ^u-bu-cag. u-bo, yu-mo ox, cow, having N=> no horns 6s.; for yu-mo Sch. has 'hind, female of a stag' ; it seems to be little known, yu-mo srol-gon and yu-mo mdeu-Jbyin names of plants Wdn. Usjzn* yug (= bubs) 1. piece of cloth or stuff; Ns ' gos-su ras-yug ycig-las mi bdog-ste Dzl. as they had but one cotton cloth for their clothing. Cotton cloth is generally of very small width, but the silk fabric, designated by dar-yug, seems not to exceed much the breadth of ribbons Glr. 2. for yud Mil. yug-po, Ld. ug-pa oats, prob. the same as yu-ku. za mourning for a deceased husband or wife, and the state of uncleanness consequent to it, the duration of which varies according to circumstances, whether the first or second spouse has died, and also with respect to the different coun- tries; yug(s)-sa-pa, also yug(s)-sa widower, yug(s)-sa-mo widow; yug(s)-sa pog-pa be- ing unclean in consequence of mourning; sdns-pa cleansed, viz. by the expiration of the time of mourning 6s. Med., *yun-p<? W., turmeric. yun-ma, for nyuit-ma, turnip Glr. 512 yun*-(d)kdr yuns-(d)kdr white mustard, yuns-ndg black mustard; yuns- O bru grain of mustard-seed, yuns- bru tsam as small as a grain of mustard-seed S.g. ; yuns-mdr oil of mustard. U^-> yud 1 . rarely yug, a very small portion ^ ' of time, moment, ace. to S.g. 3^7, stated to be a space of time varying from 8 seconds to 2 minutes; yud tsam (zig), yud re but one moment, yud-tsam-pa Do. of a moment's duration; fse O di yud tsam yin pyi-ma-la mta-med this life is but like a moment, the future without end ; yud-kyis, yud-du in a moment, e.g. ynds-su pyin-pa to get to a place S.g.; for a moment, ndm- mKa-la ltd-ba looking up to heaven Wdri. 2. ace. to Stg. feu, fol. 53, yud is a space of time of longer duration, 48 minutes; ace. to Schr. in Shot. = cu-fsod 24 minutes. 3. a black or coloured stripe on woven fa- brics, yud-can striped, black or white W. yu-bu, ^u-bu Cs. (?). yud-yud Sch.: yud-yud brid-pa a dim and indistinct glimmering be- fore one's eyes. MX' yun time, when denoting a certain space Ns ' or length of time, klog O kyug-pai yun tsam ma Ion-par der pyin-nas Mil. in no longer time than a flash of lightning takes he arrived there; yun rin-po, W. *-mo*, a long time, yun rin-por, yun rin-du during a long time, yun rin-po -nas a long time since or past; *yun mdn-po bud ca dug* W. a long time passes; *yun rin-ni Kd-na* W. by degrees, gradually; yun-du Glr. for a long time to come; yun ci srid-du how long? yun fuh-ba a short time. yum, resp. for ma, 1. mother, btsun- mo yum, yum btsun - mo the queen mother. 2. Ssk. jfTcTM- title of the third and latest part of the sacred writings, which contains the Abhidharma. or metaphysical portion (Kopp. I, 595. Burn. I, 48); Sch. mentions also an extract of it, yum-cun. yum-pa, only W. to strew, salt on food, ashes on the snow. yui-ba I. vb. 1. to slumber, W. also *fom yur-ce*. 2. v. yt'ir-ma. II. sbst. aqueduct, conduit, water-course, ditch Glr.;yiir-po ce a large trench, channel, canal, yur-prdn a small one; sbubs-yur a covered, subterraneous canal Cs.; yur(-bai) cu water conveyed by a canal. ^.j..j. yur-ma the act of weeding C., W.; *yur-ma yur-wa*, C., W. also *co-ce* to pull out weeds; metaph.- to purify the mind, cleanse the heart, e.g. by disburden- ing one's conscience. Usjq* yul ! place, a. an inhabited place, as ^ PP- ^ desolation, fan ston-pa mi dan yul med-cin Pth. a desert in which there are neither men nor dwelling-places; b. place, with reference to a sacred community (college, monastery etc.) near it, e.g. some of the students live in the college, others in the place : so yul-dgon village and mon- astery, yul-dgon-rnams Mil. for yul-mi dan dgon - pa - pa - rnams laymen and clerics, c. place, province, country, in a gen. sense, yul-{gyi} skad provincial dialect, provin- cialism; yul-(g\)i] mfil, mcog chief place, capital ; yul cen-po brgyad chief places ; as such are enumerated in Pth., without any regard to geography, Singhala, Thogar, Li, Balpo, Kashmir, Zahor, Urgyan, Magata; r 9y a -y ar (-yyi} yul India ; rgyd-yul, bod-yid, sog-yul India Cor China), Tibet, Mongolia; whenever yul precedes a word, as in *yul wa-ra-na-ser* , it is to be understood in this way : as to the place (situation), in Banaras; skyid-yul a lucky place, sdug-yul an unlucky one; pa -yul fatherland, native country, home; ran-yul one's own country, fzdn-yul a foreign country; O br6g-yul country con- sisting of steppes, ron-yul country full of ravines; lha(i)-yul land of gods, abode of the lha, also fig., a particularly pleasant country or scenery ; tni(i}-yul abode of men, (77 olxovpevrj) the inhabited world, earth, yet in the Tibetan sense always as opp. to the abodes of good or evil deities; mii yul-na mi ^.OH Glr. in the world such a thing is not to be found; rndm-ses dbdn-poi yul-las O dds-pa Wdn. the soul that has left the ex- ye ternal world, (yet cf. no. 2) ; spyod-yul, q.v. - 2. the object or objects of perception by means of the senses ; pyii yul drug the pro- vinces of the six senses, viz. forms (the ex- ternal appearances of bodies), sounds etc. Mil.', so prob. also: yul-rnams-la lons-spyod- par rmons-te Wdh. dead to sensual plea- sures; yul mi O dzin-pa, or yzdn-du O dzin- pa Thgy. to perceive things either not at all, or not correctly ; brjod-pai yul-las O dds- pa is stated to imply: exceeding the limits of speech, unspeakable, unutterable; bsdm- byai yul-las O dds-pa = bsdm-gyis mi Kydb- pa frq. unimaginable, inconceivable, which term, however, does not seem to be fully adequate; also Was. (311) translates yul with object; cf. /was, 5. 3. weather, or rather in a more gen. sense, climatic state of a country, and condition of the beings in it, v. below yul-ndn, yul-bzdfi. Comp. and deriv. yul-fcdms kingdom, e.g. of Nepal, China, Glr. yul-Jcor country, province Glr. yul-gru id. Glr. yul- dgon v. above. yul-ndn C. tempest, yul- ndn-gyi f sub-ma the turmoil of the ten? pest Glr. ; also public calamities, such as famine, murrain etc , Glr. yul-can \ . suited, pro- per, being in its place, fulfilling its purpose, C's. (?) 2. that which is treated 'objectively' Was 311, cf. no. 2 above. yul-cos charac- teristic properties, manners etc. of a country. - yul-l)6ns district, tract of country. *yul turn-turn* Ld. the separate villages of a whole cluster bearing one common name. yul-sde i. district C., W. 2. village magi- strate. yul-pa inhabitant, native, gah yul- pa yin whence are you ? what is your coun- try? citizen, burgher Mil.; yul-pa-rnams the people, the public Mil. yul-po gen. with ce, a large country, Mil. yul-dpon village magistrate, district judge. yul- pyogs region, neighbourhood Mil. yul- ma a native woman. yul-mi \. = yul- pa. 2. countryman, compatriot Do. yul- med 1. improper, not in its place Cs. 2. rdn- snan yul-med bstdn-du ysol Glr. was ex- plained: what has no place in my mind, what I do not know or understand, I beg you to teach me. yul-fco village, borough, = gron-fso. *yul-fsdd-zum-/can* W. land- surveyor, engineer. yul-yzis v. j-zis. yul-bzdn fair weather Cs., yet cf. yul-ndn. yul- yod-pa= yul-can Cs. yul-len the mode of forwarding letters from village to village, instead of expediting them in longer and regular stages. yul-bsdd geography or topography. yul - sd dwelling-place, habitation W. yul-srid government of a country Schr. yul-sred = yul-la O dod-pa attachment to one's native place, the love of country and of home, Mil. yul-ba, less corr. spelling for nyul- ba Tar. y us L boasting, bragging, puff, yus & don cun Mil. much bragging , and nothing in it, yus ce ses cun Mil. one that boasts much, and knows very little; yus br)od-pa, byed-pa to boast Cs. 2. pride, Kon yus ma ce zig do not take too much pride in your heart Mil.; Ids-la by as yus ce-na no-so cun the moreaman is pleased with him- self after his deed, the less (real) happiness. - 3. blame, charge, accusation Schr. (?), false accusation Sch. (?) , yus byed - pa to charge, accuse Schr. 4. ardour, fervour, transport, ddd-pai yus-kyis in the fervour of devotion, e.g. to shed tears, to fall down on the ground Pth. 5. yus O fud-pa to fasten one cord to another, to knit or join things together Sch. * ye, 1. Cs.:'ye-ma beginning and eternity, ye-lddn eternal'. This word is known to me only as an adv., completely, perfectly, highly, quite; ye-nas id.; ye-ddg quite clean, ye-rdzogs quite perfect, ye-nas bzdn-po al- together good; with a negative following, not at all, ye ma O dod I felt no inclination at all, ye ma zig-par O dug Mil. he was not hurt at all, ye-nas mi byed dgos that is not to be done by any means ; ye-ses (vulgo Ld. *'i-ses*) ^fTT, the perfect, absolute, heaven- ly, divine wisdom; less frq. resp. ye-mkyen- ye-ses Ina the five kinds of divine wisdom, of which, ace. to some, every Buddha is possessed, ace. to others, only Adibuddha; ye-Ms, in a great measure at least, is inherent 33 514 ye-fig to all great saints and divine beings ; it will suddenly break forth from the bodies of the terrifying gods in the shape of fire, which puts the demons to flight Glr.; ran-byufi ye-ses the self-originated wisdom occasion- ally is personified in a similar manner, as Wisdom is in the Proverbs of Solomon; in later times this conception coincides in the po- pular mind also with ston-pa-nyid. 2. pro- vine. for yin Glr. 75. 3. provinc. for ... am, Kyed bld-ma-can O gro-ye Mil. are you going to the Lama? 4. in comp. for ye-ses, v. ye-fig. 5. num. figure: 114. y e ~ty Sch. : 'the trace, line, or mani- festation of divine wisdom'. ye-ddns Bal. for nyid-rdn, you, the pronoun of polite address. ye-Jbrdg a contagious disease Cs.> ace. to oral explanation: injury inflicted on the soul, harm done to the mind, which may take place in 360 different ways Mil - y e ~ ra n - f a c ity, next to Khobom (Katmandu), the first in Nepal Mil yer-re-ba pure, clear, genuine, un- adulterated Mil ; sno ye-re a pure blue, dkar ye-re a pure white C. " ye-re v. yer-re-ba. Jesus Chr. Prot. yegs-pa rough, shaggy, hairy Cs. yen-ba v. ^FT^T yed-po provinc. for ydg-po. MX' yen, prob. only in yen -la joined to ' ytdn-ba and synonyms, to bestow liber- ally, amply, plentifully; zas dan spyod-lam yen -la f tad -par bya food and exercise should be amply provided for Lt yer Lt. ynyid-yer q.v. r yer-pa? pydg-tu yer-pa zig mdzdd- nas to raise one's hand with the palm turned upward, as a gesture of (wil- lingly or respectfully) offering, Milnt. (This term might perh. be applied to the 'waving' of the wave-offerings, ordained by the Mo- saic law.) yer-ba sprinkled, sputtered, spouted(?) Sch. b" frq-5 e.g. mdans yel- yel, sems-dad yel-yel clear, light, bright or something like it(?). ' yes-mcs ancestor Sch. yo numerical figure: 144. Ssk. = rnal- by6r, yo-gi = yo- yo-gi-ni = yo-ga-ma\ more about this word v. Williams Ssk. Diet. yo-ba 1. adj. and sbst., oblique, slop- ing, slanting, awry, crooked; obliquity, slope, slant ; cun - yd - ba a little slanting, crooked Glr. ; Ka yo the mouth awry $.</. ; yon-po, col. *yon-te*, adj., id.; yo sron-ba, yon-po bsran-ba, Lexx.,iQ make the crooked straight; *zdm-pa yon-yon co dug* W. the bridge is unsteady, swings to and fro; fig. twisted, distorted, perverted, erroneous; yon- dpyadvtrong interpretation, false judgment; going crooked ways, deceitful, crafty, and sbst. crookedness, deceitful dealings Cs.; more frq. yyo. 2. everything, altogether, whole (?) Sch. Sf"K* yo'tyud, tools, implements, chattels, household furniture, necessaries, Jso- bai necessaries of life; mcod-pai requisites for sacrificing; yo-bydd sbyor-ba to procure the needful, to make preparations Dzl. ; yo- bydd fams-cdd-kyis (or bzdn-pos) stob-pa Tar. to provide a person with everything necessary, to fit out well; yo-bydd srel-ba id. (?) Sch. ; yo-bydd-kyis Jbrdl-ba to be in want of the needful ; nor pyugs yo - bydd money, cattle, and furniture, as a specifi- cation of property. yo- bog Wdn. n. of a tree, which by the Lamas of Sikim is stated to grow in Tibet; Sch.: elm, and in another place: riiyo-Jbog linden-tree, less prob. yog 1. col. but also sometimes in B., for ^.og below, down stairs, yog -Kan ground-floor; cellar. 2. v. y yog-pa. yoa-po 515 yon y9~P * Sch- yog-mo, W. yoy-sin, pole or stick for stirring the fire, poker Mil. nt. 2. v. yyoy-po. yog-'fcin one that is wetting his bed Sch. y ot ' l -ba>, yf.yons, used throughout Tibet (except in Balti, where they say *'0/?-cs*); not unfrq. also in later lite- rature, for ^on-ba to come; Sch. has also yon- cad (-fsad?) time and place of coming, and yot'i-ye ever before, at all times (?). y tiS ? a "> whole, mgo-ndg yons-kyi rje Glr. lord of all the black-haired (i.e. of all men); yons- du- fsal-gyi po-brdn Mil. the palace in which all wish to meet, nif.; yo/ts-su adv. wholly, completely, alto- gether, yons-su ddg-pa quite clean, yons-su spdn-ba to give up entirely; yons-su bsldd- de quite lost in perverseness; generally, uni- versally, zes yo/ts-su yrdys-so Glr. so he was universally called; yons-yrdys-kyi bu cen bzi Mil. nt., four disciples, followers, of uni- versal fame; sduy-bsndl-las yons-su ma yrol-la Sty., seems to mean: he is not yet quite delivered; cf. however ye-nas with a negative. yoits-yrub the absolute, what is independent and complete in itself Was. (202). - Dsjk"J" yod-pa, resp. and eleg. mcis-pa 1. to be, - yin-pa, syyu yod Dzl. it is de- ceit, humbug; often with the terrain., like O duy-pa, dud-pa ltd-bur yod Glr. it is smoke- coloured; sin-tu mf im -par yod Q dug-pas Glr. as they are very intimate with each other; with a participle joined to it (or a gerund, vulgo, esp. in W.}, yro-ba yod it is becoming, growing, getting Pth.; sdr-pyogs- su bstdn-pa yod it is pointing towards the east, stsdl-nas yod he gives, has given; brtsiy-nas yod he is building, he was build- ing; *tib(s)-te yod* W. he is (has) come; witlTa root often pleon. : nas bsags yod Kyod- kijis Kol ciy Mil. I have been splitting (the tree),^do you carry it away now; nan cen- po by as yod Glr. he has been committing a great evil; son yod -pas Pth. as he was gone. 2. to be in a certain place, dei- rdzin- bu-ziy yod-pai ndn-na Dzl. inn pond which is io that place ; iiai yul-mi-las bu-mo yod- pa-rnam Dzl. the girls that are among my subjects; *de ndn-na yod-l>'an fsdn-ma* W. all that is in it; yod-sa, pop. for gdn-na-ba, place of abode. 3. to exist, to be on hand, bde-bayodmayin Pth. no happiness exists; ciin-zad yod kyafi srid-kyis Dzl. as possibly a little might still be on hand ; 'e yod is, or are there (even now) ? Glr. ; sndn-ba yod- pai diis-su Thyy. whilst there is day-light. 4. with genit. or dat, for to have (like the Latin est mihi I have): su-la-^anyod ma yin Pth. nobody has. . .; rgydl-po-la O dod-pa cen-po yod-par O duy the king seems to have yet a great wish ; rgydl-moi yyog- mo ziy yod-pa de Pth. a maid-servant whom the queen had ; so in a like manner without a case : yri ziy yod-pa de Mil. the knife which he had about (him); yod-pa Thgy. the things which one has, tct vnctQ%r)VT(t', fcron- pa O dom bcu-dyu yod-pa Glr. a well having a depth of 19 fathoms. 5. yod-par O yyur a fut. oi-ydd-pa shall or will be. b. to origi- nate, appear, bsdns-pai sul-du da-run yan yod-par yyur-nas Dzl. as in the place of (the gold-pieces) that were taken away, al- ways new ones appeared, c. to get, receive, fcri ydugs kyafi yod-par gyur ciy Dzl. the throne should also receive a canopy! yod- par byed-pa to beget, produce, effect, frq., bu yod-par yyis siy Dzl. get her a child! Comp. 6s. : yod-pa-nyid existence, yod- min - nyid non - existence ; Sch. : yod - fan 'thoroughly clear' ; yod-fsod yin 'it has the semblance of being' (?); yod-med a. being and not being, yod-med yo-bzloy snan op- tical illusions, when one imagines to see what is not existing, or the reverse, b. in W. yod is also used merely to give force to med, as *yod med* there is not at all ... Bjk* y n ! 9ift offering, of free will, to ' priests and mendicant friars, frq., zds- yon a gift consisting in food, yon Jbul-ba to bestow a gift, to bring an offering; yon- du Jbul-ba to present as a gift; fee, smdn- yon physician's fee Cs.; yon sno-ba to bless the gift received, to return a blessing for it. 2. = yon-tan. 516 yyaii Comp. yon-mcod 1. = yon-bdag Glr. 2. for yon-bdag dan mcod-ynas Mil. dispenser (of gifts) and priest. y<'m - bday vulgo and in more recent literature for the sbyin- bgag of earlier writings, dispenser of gifts, entertainer , host , in point of fact identic with house-owner, citizen, farmer, and also at the present time used in that sense with- out any religious bearing; it is also the title generally used by mendicant friars in their addresses, something like 'your honour'. yon-ynas the receiver of a gift C's. y n - ian *plT (PP- to styon) 1 . good quality, excellence, valuable proper- ties, e.g. the medicinal virtues of plants; also acquirements, accomplishments, attain- ments, yon-tan slob-pa to learn something useful Pth. and vulgo ; O di bui yon-tan yin Dzl. for that you are indebted to the boy. this is the boy's merit; property, quality, in gen., e.g. the different tastes and effects of medicines Med.; also mystic or fantastic properties Glr. bdag blus kyan yon-tan med Glr., even if one would ransom me, it would be to no purpose, not worth while; O d6d(^pai) yon^-tan) v. O dod-pa\ pan-yon v. pan-pa. 2. num.: 3. yon-po v. yo-ba. n- yob, jb, stirrup C's.; yob-goii in- step of the foot 6s.; yob-lcdgs 'the iron of the stirrup' Cs.; yob-cen = yob 6s.; yob-fag stirrup-leather 6's., yob-mfil the footing, yob-lun (Sch. yob-Ion) the hoop of the stirrup. I" yob-pa v. y yob-pa. yw m '- J P a > t's. vb., adj. sbst., to swing, totter, tremble, to be unsteady ; swing- ing etc., the swinging etc.; yom-po, a.dj.,yom- yom Pth., yom-me-ba Mil. id. ytr-P ! du "? lieavv < blunt Cs -> Ta> '- : yor-yor-ba; but the expressions tom-yor shaking, tottering, trembling, like an old man Mil., and mig-yor mirage, seem to indicate that the proper signification is trembling. 2. oblique, slanting, C. y61 ~ 9 ' y61 ' ma earthen ' ware, crockery Schr., 6s., dkar-y6l china-ware, porcelain, frq. ; yol-gor cup, bowl. Sch. yl-ba I. sbst. curtain, yol-bas O bre- ba Glr. to stretch a curtain over; yol-ba ten-pa Glr. to draw a curtain; yol- ba ycod-pa to close the curtain (of a door), yol-ba O byed-pa to open it 6s.; dar-yol silk- curtain, ras-yol calico-cuilain; sgo-yol cur- tain before a door. II. vb. 1. to be past. nyi-ma-pyed yol mid-day is past, it is after- noon (about 2 o'cl.) WdL (v. nyin-zdg}; srod yol son the evening-twilight is gone, it is complete night (about 11 o'cl.) 6'.; nyi- ma yol-la Had day is almost over, evening is drawing on, Dzl. 7%, 6; dus-las yol-ba to be past, both impers., it is past, it is over, and pers., he is past his prime, old, decrepit Dzl.\ rlun dan car dus-las mi yol-bas wind and rain setting in and ceasing at the pro- per time Dzl. 2. also yyol-ba 6'., dbyol-ba. O byol-ba to evade, shun, to go not to a place. mig yol-ba to look away; *le-yol cem-po yin* he is very shy of work, averse to la- bour 6. DOT # os > 1 . slightly roasted corn, mostly barley or wheat, which on account of its trans- portability is generally taken by travellers along with them, as their fare on the road; fresh prepared it is much relished by the people; O brds-yos rice, thus prepared S.g. 2. hare, but only as an astronomical term, yos-lo the hare-year. qpjrn- ft/aff> ^^^ tne Y ak ' Bos gmnniens ' (reckoned by the Hindu among the antilopes), fern. v. Jbri-mo; po-yydg male yak; pa-yydg uncastrated yak-bull; yyag- ru horn of a yak, also n. of a plant, Morina Ld. : yyag-rog-zol- cen a very long-haired, shaggy yak Sch. yy an 1- Ssk- ^, synon. dpal, happi- ness, blessing, prosperity, yyaii cdgs blessing comes (from), grows (out of), nif. Mil. ; sor it departs, it is gone ; yyan-skyob. yyau-^gugsSchl. 263, *yaii-Ki'ig* W. a calling forth of blessing, sacrifices and other cere- monies performed, in order to secure happi- ness and prosperity. yyan-skdr propitious stars or aspects; the lunar mansions no. yyan-ti 517 to 9V v. rgyu-skdr. yyah-Kug beggar's bag of the Lamas. yy ait-can happy, blessed, prosperous, yyait-wed the contrary. J'yuii- yiy a written benediction Glr. yyan-lhd a deity of the Shamans, dispensing happi- ness Sch. 2. gulf, abyss, gen. yydii-sa also yyah-yzdn; ji-tsam mfo bzin yydn-sa ce so high as you stand, so deep is the gulf; lus yydii-du yton-ba to plunge, to precipitate one's self Dzl. ; yydn-du or yydh-la Ituit-ba to fall down Dzl.; mcoit-ba to leap Glr.; ndn-soit-gi yydh-la Jf.or Pth. he totters on the brink of the abyss of hell; yydn-sa-las c dzin-pa to snatch from the abyss, to save Thgy.', brag-yyan-yzdr rocky precipice Mtlg. OTur-%- yyan-ti Sch.: 'the precious stone 1 chas'. .V. fyaii-fse Mil. nt., 6'. a bowl or cup of clay or wood. yy aA -ity* c - also yan-ite, = yzdn-yos skin of an animal, used for clothing; Mil. also fig.: bzod-pai yyan-lugs gyon he wrapped himself in the mantle of patience; yyan-yzi Lea;. ^ffafwj, skin of an antilope, the customary couch of the members of religious orders; also skin, couch, covering, in general Pth. yydn-pa Lexx. w. e. Sch. : a cuta- neous eruption, akin to the itch, which is said to invade any part of the body, and to be combined with a copious dis- charge of matter; hereditary, and not con- tagious. , yydb-pa, yydb-mo v. yab etc. yy am &ch- : 'the following a good or bad example, with the respective consequences (?)'. ZTOsJ&T^T yyu m -pa Sch. : 'a certain stone' ; *yam-fidn* W. a slab of slate, roof- slate, for yya-spdn. ZTKWQ" yy a ^- rus ^' i ncorr - verdigris; Icags- gyd id. ; Icags gya cac/s Lt. iron rusts; *ya /,'or, or jun, or yon* W. id. ; *ya cdd- ce* W. to scrape the rust off (from metals), to clean, polish; yya-ddg-pa freed from rust, clear, polished, e.g. a mirror; yyd-pa rusty Sch.; fig. for infection, contamination Mil.\ j-ya O drid-ba to be mouldy Sch. or more corr. to get rusty, to get covered with foul extraneous matter; Ice-la yya- drul byed Lt. the tongue gets furred. 2. also yyd-ma, vulgo *yd-mdit*, slate, slab of slate; yya- spdn Lid. 2. Cs. also oil of vitriol, sulphuric- acid(?) 3. in C. verdigris; yya-tiy 1. a line drawn with a slate- or lead-pencil. 2. slate- pencil, lead-pencil, also yya-smyug. 3. bolt, bar, yya rgdb-pa to bolt, to bar, yya pye- ba to unbolt, to unbar; yyd-sir=yya; * dzin- ya* C. pin. 4. v. yyd-ba. J- ryd-kyi-maLt. n. of a plant, in LA. a small high-alpine Saus- yyd-ba 1. to shrink, to start up, in consequence of a sudden irritation, tickling etc., to shudder, skyi-yya-ba id. Mil.; W.: *ya cug-ce* to cause to shrink or start, to tickle, Cs. also: yyd-ba to feel a horror. 2. to itch, dei lus yyd-bas Dzl. because he felt an itching. yy d -y aC ' *##* Y e ! in speaking to inferiors. a-li maple Sik.; the dried leaves of it are said to be boiled by the poor instead of tea. yar-ddm Lex., oath(?) Sch. j.-.-. yydr-ba to borrow, to lend; to hire; with reference to money, only pro vine. (LA., Ts.); po-toan-nas mar -me yydr-te Glr. having borrowed a lamp in the castle; ynas- fsdn yydr-ba Tar., C., *i]dn-sa ydr-ce* W. with la, to ask for reception, night-quarters; Kdn-pa '/-ydr-mTcan lessee, tenant, lodger; yyar byed-pa yydr-ba Sch.; *pan-ydr co-ce* W. to succour a person by an advance of money; pa-yydr step-father, ma-yydr step-mother, bu-yydr adopted child ; yydr-po credit for what has been lent, ad- vanced ; *ydr-po tdii-ce* W. to lend, a thing, Schr. to let, lodgings. yyar-fsus food, nourishment, vict- uals Sch. yy ds ~P a r '9ht, yyds-ma the right ha,n<],ryds-na on theright(hand), yyds-su to the right, yyds-nas from the right; 518 mig-)'yds the right eye, lay-yyas the right hand, rkan-yyds the right foot; yyas-nos, -pyogs^, -logs the right (hand) side: yyas- yyon right and left; yyas-yyon-la ltd-ba to look all round; yyas-ru 1. the right wing. 2. p.n., district in Ts.; *Y^-ru tsd/t-po* n. of the principal river in Tibet v. , tsd/t-po. cnu^" ? ^J" yyi, dbyi lynx (Cs. erron. ermine). /^X s )-F< t be hindered Cs.; Lex. : yyer-mas yyif/s-pa? yyul-du or yyul-nor zugs-pa to go to battle Do. ; yyul som-pa to prepare for battle Lex.; dug liiaiyyul-no zlog-pa to repulse the war- like host of the five poisons Mil. in the head-dress of females; p'rd-yyu little turkois-stones; yyuiir^. for turkois- blue ; *yu-ddn* W. the ribbon on which the turkois-stones of the head-dress are fastened ; yyu-mfso a blue-glittering lake, po. Mil.; * yu-zun-men-tog* forget-me-not Sp ; yyu- rdl a mane of turkois-colour Glr. yyu- run for yyun-drun Glr. *9-P a > incorr - spelling for dbyug- (also yza- ,n), the cross cramponee^, the principal symbol of the Bonpos, but also much in favour in Buddhist mysticism and popular superstition; yyun-drun-pa = bon- po', yyun-dnin dgon-pa the Buddhist mo- nastery Lama Yurru in Ladak, v. Cun- ningham. "^* yyun-ba tame, opp. to rgod. yyiih-mo (Lex. f%f^rr, a libidi- nous woman), 6s. : 'a w r oinan having always the menses'. yyur \. sleep Sch. 2. v. yyul-Ka. ' yyur-ba Lex., C. also *yor-ba* to droop, to hang or sink down, of fad- ing flowers etc.; yyur zd-ba Lex. w.e. ; Sch. : what has become ripe and eatable. yyulSckr.: army; Cs.: battle; neither of the two meanings appears to be quite exact (cf. dmag)\ prob. both yyul and yyul - iid denote an army facing the enemy and ready for battle; yyul-las rgydl-ba and pdm-pa to conquer and to be conquered frq. ; yyul ^gyed-pa Do., sprod-pa Do., Ptk., O fdb pa to fight, strive, struggle, dan with; _y^._._ thrashing-floor; both these words appear to be not everywhere current, but provinc., cf. Ko-yyu', yyul-Ka y cog-pa Sch., *yur)h/-pa* C. to thrash. tnjbr^Sryyfa-ba, less frq. yen-ba, pf. (r)yens, to move a thing softly to and fro, e.g. an infant on one's arms, to lull it to sleep Thgy.; esp. with reference to the water: cus yyens-te moved by the waves to and fro Dzl. ; fig. to run to and fro, like a hunted hare Ma. ; to stream into, to overflow. yul-Kdms-su a country, to inundate it, of floods, hostile armies etc Ma. ; to rummage, turn over, dpe-mams books Mil 2. to turn off the attention, to disturb the mind, rgydl-po spyan yyens-pa dan Glr. the king looking away, directing his attention to something else; sems bdud-kyis yyefis Mil. the soul is disturbed by the devil; cos O d6d-^}a-rnams yyei>s-par byed-pa Thgy. to put out or con- found those that are seeking religion; ma- y yens -par nyon cig now be all attention! yyeii-ba, yyens-pa sbst., inattention, wander- ing, absence of mind, yyens -su jiig-pa Thgr. to give one's self to inattention; adj. rndm- par yyens-pa very absent, wandering; rndm- par mi-yyen-ba or -yyens-pa quite attentive, not to be disturbed by anything, inexcit- able, a character in which Buddha excels, and which every one of his followers must strive to attain. 3. sbst. yyehs-pa diver- sion, pleasure, recreation, *ydn(s}-pa-la cd- ce*, resp. *(ug-ydn(s)-la (s)kyod-ce* W. to take a walk, *ydii(s)-pa se-ce* W. to be playful, like children, kittens etc. ; jest, joke, *ydn-pa man, don-dam yin* W. I am not joking, I am serious; * ydn(s]-pa-can* W. jester, buffoon; yehs- dod-kyi tfa-krdm ma yin Mil., these are no falsehoods spoken in jest. yyens-ma, a wanton female, prosti- tute Sch. yy en ^ yyen-sbyor-ba S.g. to calum- niate nif. yyem-pa a, Lex. f^^T^T, being untrue in one's dealings, acting wrongfully, which also my referees confirm- ed to be the general import of the word; in books, however, it is usually joined to O dod- pas, or O d6d-pa-la, adding log-par, as: O dod- pa-la log-par yyem-pa, or it stands alone as in yyem byed-pa, signifying 'to commit adul- tery, fornication' Dzl. and elsewh.; log-yyem sbst. yyb'-Ha ( vul g *'er-Ka\ bell, set of bells, or peal Glr. ryw-po wise, prudent, circumspect, thorough-going Sch. yy&'-bdg Lex., Sch, : a light, lu- minous place. Tye r - ma Med. frq., Guinea pepper, Capsicum W. *nyer-ma*',yyer-sin- pa medicinal herb S.g. >y^ a 1- to be idle, lazy, slothful; idleness, laziness; yyel-ba-med-par incessantly, continually, e.g. to pray, to guard Mil, S.O. 2. tugs yyel-ba resp. to forget W. yyo (rarely yo} craft, cunning, deceit, more frq. yyo-sgyu, yyo-zol; yyo-can crafty, deceitful, yyo-med honest, yyo pa to deceive. yy- ba L yb > p f - and im p- to move, to cause to change place; to be moved, agitated, shaken, ynam sayyos- so heaven and earth were shaken Dzl.; des ni sa O di yyo-bar O gyur thereby the earth may be shaken Do.; to bend, incline, tilt, e.g. a vessel; *zug-po yos ton* W. make a bow! sku yy 6s-par O gyur-to the image began to move Glr.; sa-yyos earthquake; to begin to move or to inarch Ma.; fugs-rje ytin-nas yyos-pai rtags it is a sign that his heart is moved by grace Mil. nt. ; dge-bai pyogs-la O du-ses cun-zad kyait, ma yyos he did not allow the least virtuous impulses to rise (in his heart), he kept down every sense of virtue; yyo-ba partic , continually moving, restless, uneasy, of the mind Mil., mi-yyo- ba unmoved, immovable, n. of Siva and of other terrifying deities Glr. (cf. ^f^f Will ) 2. to prepare, victuals for the table yyos- 519 mbyed-pa id. ; yyos-Kan kitchen, bake-house, yyos-mKan baker, cook. II. sbst. moveableness, mobility, ydn-ziii ryo-ba-nyid an easy mobility Wdn. yy9 ( v - y9-> *9) Tar - and elsewh., usually occurring in the more defi- nite form yyog-po, servant, man-servant, yyog- mo maid -servant, female servant, waiting- maid; when distinguished from Kol-po, Jcol- mo and bran, it denotes a higher degree, e.g. yyog-mo ynyis two waiting-maids and besides 500 K6l-mo maid-servants/^A.;/^^- po dan ydii-yyog dan nyin-yyog servant, ser- vant's servant, and the servant again of these Pth. ; mii yyog byed-pa to be in a per- son's service, to obey a person; dpon-yyog master (mistress) and domestics, master and attendants, frq.; nad-yyog, a nurse, one that tends sick persons Dzl. ; yyog- K'6r attendants, e.g. yyog- K6r bcu-drug attendants and re- tinue of 16 persons, Kor dan yyog id. yyog-nan-zdn a house-servant p f - and im P- yy9 s > rarel y yog-pa 1. to cover, bu gos-kyisyyog- pa to cover a child with a garment Zte/., mgo-la rdzd-ma yyog-pa to cover one's head with a pot Glr.; also: rdzd-mai mgo-la drd- bas yyog-pa to cover the opening of a pot with a wire grate Glr. ; pyii pdgs-pa yyogs the external cutaneous covering appears (in the embryo) S.g.; ri-mgo Ica-bas yyogs the hill-tops were covered with snow Mil.; to pour over or upon, to cover in pouring, Krdg- gis with blood Dzl. ; to overlay, with gold Dzl.; to sprinkle over, besprinkle, *sig-pa-la fdg* W. the wall with blood ; to strew over, *Kd-la gog-fdl* W. ashes over the snow. 2. to pour away, to throw away; so W.; the people in W. understand the words Dzl. , 6: *ma yogs-pai Ihdg-ma* the rest which has not been thrown away, whereas others, e.g. the people of Sikkim explain it: the rest that has not been taken possession or care of. yyoys 1. cover, covering, mgo-yyogs Lex. covering for the head, cap; also fig. and po. for self-delusion, self-de- 520 yyod ra-sddn ception (prop.: a veiling of the head) Mil.; sten-yy6gs,stod-yyogs upper-garment, mantle, toga, smad-yyoys trowsers, breeches Tar. - 2. cover, envelope, yyoys-can having a cover. yyod C. the large intestine, colon. yi/6n - can Pth ; Cs. = yyo - can crafty; perh. also fornicator, as yyon-ma, ace. to Lex. and Sch. : harlot. yyon-pa left, yyon-ma the left hand, yyon-na on the left, to the left, yyon-du towards the left, yyon-nas from the Jeft; yyon-logs the left side or hand, fyon- Idg-byed-pa Pth. left-handed, jryon-ru Sch. the left wing, of an army. cnu^j-q. yyob^pa, pf. yyobs to move about, to swing, brandish, ysog-pa the wings; rkah-ldg yyob-pa to kick, to strike, with the arms and legs. M<"- m ! sai ', )'yor-y6l id Cs., yyor-siii sail-yard Cs., also mast, in a rather obscure description of a ship in Zam., where the sail is called dar, cloth. 2. wave, billow, rgyd-mfsoi Glr. Note. Tibetan writers knowing of ships and navigation about as much as a blind man of colours, the obscurity of passages relating to such matters may easily be ac- counted for. . v.yyur-ba. 2. \.yydr- ba. 3. v. yor. * yyol-ba v. yol-ba. yy s - p rov - or yy^ n yy s -*or circumambulation from left to right (so that the right side is towards the person or object that is reverentially to be saluted) Wdn. 2. v. yyo-ba. 3^ ra 1. the consonant r, always pronoun- ced with the tongue. 2. num. fig. : 25. <^ ra stands for: 1 rd-ba, 2. rd-ma, 3. rd- mda, 4. rd-ro. ^ rwa (cf. ru) 1. horn W. *rd-co* id. - ^ 2. sting e.g. of the scorpion. 3. Sch. : 'the inward side, the horn-side, of a bow'. rwa-can horned. rwa-snyih the pith of a horn Cs. rwa-myug 'the first germ of seed that appears after sowing' Cs.; rwd- rtsa 'the root or bottom of a horn' Cs., rwd- rtse 'the top or point of a horn 1 Cs., rwd- fsa %.(?). ^'m** ru-gan, in comp. rag, brass, rd-gan- gyi bum-pa^ rag-bum brass cup, can, vessel, rag-dim a brass trumpet; ray-sky d Sch.: white-copper, packfong, German silver. ^"1^ rd-syo hoof, cl.aw C, W. * rd-nye, provinc. for zd-nye lead. rd-mnye an officinal root Med., Sch. : carrot. ^c 1 ra ~ti ^ s - ' ' a snaa ^ weight, a drachm ' (60 grains)'; but x/f^ (not to be found in Will.) is prob. the Hindi word for ^f^fcRT, the seed or grain of Abrus precatorius, as a weight about = 2 grains. rd-mda help, assistance (Cs. also: companion, assistant), rd-mda Jb6d- pa to cry out for help Glr., rd-mdar sbrdn- pa Cs. to call (upon a person) for assistance, ra O degs-pa W. *ram tag-ce* (cf. zabs O degs- pa) to help, to assist Sch.., ra O dren-pa id. Mil. nt. ; rd-mda-pa helper, assistant Glr. ; rd- mdai dpun-fsoy auxiliary forces or army < >. ^rSfc" ra-sddn Sch. weeping willow. 521 ra-snd n. of a medicinal herb Wdn. 166, = sgron-sin fir-tree. ^q. ra-ia 1. enclosure, fence, wall, frq., esp. in W., also the space inclosed by a fence, wall etc., yard, court-yard, pen, fold etc. ; rd-bas sk&r-ba to inclose with a fence Stg., rd-can(?), ra-lddn having an enclosure, fence, wall etc. 6s.; smyug-mai rd-ba bam- boo-hedge, bamboo-fence, fser-mai rd-ba thorn - hedge , thorn - fence, sin - gi rd - ba wooden fence, fence of boards, pickets or rails 6".; rd-mo id., ra-mo-ce a large pen or fold Mil. and 6'.; kun-dga-rd-ba, kitn-ra, v. kun; Krims-ra place of execution; Icdn- ra garden with willow-trees; nydg-ra(?) wall of stones put loosely together Ld.; rtd- ra stable or pen for horses ; rdo-ra 1 . stone- wall. 2. circle of dancers; pdg-ra v. rags. bd-ra cow-house, pen for cows ; rtsig-ra Sch.: wall round a court-yard; brtson-ra v. brtson; lug-ra sheepcot, sheepfold; sin-ra v. above. ra-sul the remnants or traces of an old pen. 2. the first of the three (or two) months of a season, zla ra-ba. rd-ma (rarely ra Glr.) goat, she-goat, frq. ra-kydl bag made of a goat's skin. ra-skycs Tar.; Sch.: a gelded he- goat. rd-gu, col. ri-gu, young goat, kid. ra-rgod wild goat, = ra-po-ce Cunningh. Ld. p. 199. ra-fug S.g. and pd-ra he- goat. ra-fon \ . a he-goat of two years C. 2. a gelded he-goat W. ra-dd(?) thread made of goat's hair W. ra-lpdgs goat's skin. ra-p'6 a gelded he-goat. ra-lug goats and sheep; ra-ma-lug id., when a particular stress is laid on the impropriety of both species of animals being mixed to- gether; also fig. of improper intermixtures. ra-sd goat's flesh. ra-slog a coat made of goat's skins. * ra-med infallible, certain, sure Sch. ra-ril treddles, dung of goats. ra-mo-ce n. of a plain near Lhasa where the Chinese wife of Sron- 6fcarcs{/aTOjpo ordered a large Buddhist temple to be built Glr. ; as a com noun v. sub rd-ba. X'Jc ra-ri Sch. : ra-ri-med-pa neither high nor low. = res-mos, *skyid dug ra-res yon dug* Ld. good fortune and mis- fortune come by turns. x:^ rd-ro 1. intoxication, drunkenness. - 2. intoxicated B. and col. ; Sch. : rd-ro ddh-po bag-med-pa, v. sub bag I. rd-ro ynyis-pa glah-po-ce smyon-pa dan O dra drunkenness while continued resembles a furious elephant, rd-ro j-sum-pa si-ro O dra the end (of it) resembles a corpse; ra zi or sans, also ydam (?) W. the drunken fit is over; rd-ro-ba B., C., rd-ro(-cari) W. in- toxicated, drunk, rd-ro-bar byed-pato make drunk Dzl., rd-ro-ba-las sdns-te having come to one's self again after a drunken fit, being sober again Dzl. ra-sa- Q prul-sndn n.of aBud- dhist temple erected in Lhasa by the Nepalese wife of Sronbtsansgampo Glr. ^'^- rd-si Hind, rope, in Lh. hempen rope, and as such distinguished from fag- pa, rope made of goat's hair, which is the one most in use in Tibet. ra ~ sid ( Pers - ^*~j)? receipt, *ra-sid ti-ked* money-stamp. and WflJ' - hu and r a-hu-la v. Q, >o sgra-fcdn. rakta Ssk. blood, saffron, minium, cin- nabarMY. ^CTI' ra 9 1- s ^ st - v - ra-gdn. 2. adj. (Ssk.: ' adhina) subject, subservient, depen- dent, rag Ids-pa or lus-pa B., C., W., *rag- Idom-pa* W., with la, to depend on, de /cyod- kyi nvs-pa-la rag-lus that depends on your strength Mil. ; dbugs rnub-pa sems-la rag- Ids -pa yin breathing depends on the soul Stg.\ O tso-ba yzdn-la rag -Ids-sin as they depend on others for their lives Tar.;Bhar.22 k'yod rgyal-srid byed-la rag-go Schf. : 'regno opei'am nava !' 3. W. for reg, (frags, dregs, sbrag, v. rag-pa] rag-can W. for dregs-pa- ean proud, haughty ; for grdgs-can famous ; glorious, splendid; angry (?). rag-pa 1. vb. W. hrreg-pa to touch. feel, and in a more generalized sense 33* 522 rdg-ma = O fsdr-ba to perceive, to scent, taste, hear, see, e.g. *ddn-mo rag* I feel cold, *ddn-mo rag -go? do you feel cold? (but * dan -mo dug* it is cold) ; * 'go-la zug rag* (C. *rig*) my head aches; *tog-ri rag* I feel hungry, *tog-ri rdg-ga* are you hungry? *naimin zod-da rag* I hear my name called; *go Jcdd-da rag* I perceive the door sticks; *'i lun-po Kyer-ra rag* I see, the wind will carry that away ; *go pe-te mi rag* the door seems to be locked. 2. adj. dark-russet. brownish, of rocks, horses W. ra 9- ma ! "ft 7 - adj. to the gerund *rdg- te* (sbrdg-ste) : *be-rdg yu-ddn* (lit. ydan) *rdg-te* a fillet together with a strip set with turkoises. 2. prop. n. of a village Mil rdg-tse stone in fruits W. ra y-s a a bead of a rosary, ace. to Lis. from ^rf |^ Elaeocarpus Jani- trus, the berries of which are used for such beads. ^HV/T rag-si n. of a country. rags 1. dam, mole, dike, embankment, also cu-rdgs, ctt-lon 2. any con- struction of a similar shape : pdg-rags (also pdg-ra) intrenchment, breast-work; pub-i'ags stack, rick ; sin-rags stack of wood. rags-pa coarse, thick, gross, lus-kyi mam-pa pra-rdgs-rnams Wdn. the more delicate and the coarser component parts of the body; rags-pai dbdn-du byds-na Wdn., reckoning one with another, on an average; rough, as in: rdgs-rtsis-su by a rough estimate Tar.] rdgs-pai mi-rtdg-pa dan prd-bai mi-rtdg-pa the perishableness of the whole mass and of the single parts Thgy. ; ydn-lag rags-pa prob. : strong, firm limbs Pth.] of Buddhas is said that they appear rdgs-pai fsul-gyis i.e. bodily, or sub- stantially; rags-ns byed-pa Sch.: to work, mould, form, sketch etc. roughly. %r" ran 1. self B. and col. (nyid, with few exceptions, is, in W, at least, collo- quially not in use) na-rdn tfyod-rdn I myself, thou thyself etc., in col. language also = I, thou etc. ; sometimes the person is only in- dicated by the context, the pronoun I etc. being omitted; ran-cag, ran -mams plur.; rdh-gi my, thy etc. ; cun-ma de rdn-gi lus- la cdgs-pas this wife fond of herself, in love with herself Dzl. (yet cf. de-rdfi, below); des rdn-gi ma yin-par rig-nas he perceiving that it was his own mother Pth.; ran -la ra bcdd-de shaving one's own head Dzl.\ also in a gen. sense: rdh-bas nan-pa an inferior person than one's self Thyy.., in like manner: rdn-las ce-ba Thgr.\ rdn-la bu med-na if a man has no son of his own Mil. ; rdn-gi srun-ba to keep, to guard one's own property Thgy. ; *ran mi- dod-pe kyen fsdn-ma* C. all the disagreeable things that fall to one's lot; in compounds: raii-sems one's own soul (opp. to yzan-lus) Mil. ; v. also O dre-ba extr. ; ran-rig rah-ysal ran-bde ysum self-created knowledge, clearness, and happiness (the three fruits of the spirit) Mil. ; ran-srog rdn-gis ycod you will take your own life Glr. 2. spontaneously, of One's Own accord, zal-zds rah-^on-ho Dzl.', rdn-byon-pa, rdn-byun-ba originated of it- self, v. below ; ran O grol-ba 1 . to get loose, come loose of itself. 2. to become clear or intelligible spontaneously, by intuition. 3. to save one's self; rdn-sar-ba = rdn- grol-ba 2. 3. just, exactly, precisely, the very, de rd/l the very same; de ran yin so it is! exactly so! just so! *dhd-ta ran* C., *dd-ci rait, ddg-sa ran* W. just-now, *di-rin ran just to-day W.- already, snd-mo ran already early in the morning Mil. ; barely, merely, the mere, the very, na dan prdd-pa rdn-gis by the mere meeting with me Mil.] ml ran a person travelling all alone, i.e. without baggage, horse or companion Kun. ; mo-rdii v. mo. really, indeed, actually, truly (the verb being repeated) : mi-la-rds-pa de yin ran yin - nam? art thou really that same Milaraspa? *yonranyon-gyuyin* C. he will truly -or certainly come; even, sddn-po rait byas now they even hated him Mil- Comp. rah-skal a person's own share. ran skyu(?) fub-pa Sch.: to act after one's own mind. ran-skyur vinegar Cs.(?) 523 rdn-ba ran-tfa Sch. rdn-bu? ran-Kons = Tan-Hid territory, district C. (?) ran- Kos one's own worth, affairs, necessities Sch. ran-grub not made or produced by men, self-produced. rdn-dga-ba free, indepen- dent, rdii-dga-pa an unmarried man Sch. raii-rqijdl 1 . Stg. : = ran-sans-rgyds. 2. ran- rgydl-gyis O gro-ba Sch. : to live after one's own option or pleasure (?) ran-rgyu Sch.: 'die eigene Ursache, Selbstfolge' (?!) ran- no one's own nature, ses-pa to know Mil. ran-nyid himself, herself etc., one's self Ml, ran-nyid O grol-ba to deliver one's self Thgy., bdud ran-nyid the devil himself in his own person Tar. ran- fdg mill, water-mill. ran-mfon pride, self-complacency, self-suffi- ciency Mil. , Glr. ran - don one's own affairs, one's own profit, Tan-don byed-pa to look to one's own advantage Do., ran- dod selfishness, v. ran-rtsis. ran-sndn v. sub sndn-ba', Sch. also: self-born. ran-po Cs. = po-ran an unmarried man. ran-bdbs v. bobs. rdn-bu 1. 6s. single, alone, Tan- bur adv. singly, alone, without a consort. 2. 6s. : a single life (?). 3. Schr. : one's own child. ran-byun, ran-byon self-born, hav- ing originated of itself, = ran - grub frq. ran-dban independence, liberty, ran-dbdn fob-pa to become free Glr.', ynds-la ran- dban-med they are not master of the place i.e. they are not free to choose the place Thgy., in the same sense, gar skye ran-dban- med Mil. ; *ran-wdn jug-pa* to set free C. ; ran-dbdn-can free W. ran-Jbar Cs. : 'mus- ket' 7 in W. it is only used for pistol; *ran- bdr (lug -rag* W. a revolver. rdh-mo Cs. = mo-rdti an unmarried w r oman. ran-rtsis the opinion which one has of one's self, ran- rtsis dan ran- dod ma ce lig think little of your own self! Mil. ran-bzin, ^afre, natural disposition, state or constitution, na- ture, temper, ran-bzin-las fzdn-du O gyur-ba to change one's natural constitution Wdit , O bab de-ltar ce-bai ran-bzin-gyis as a natural consequence of so heavy a snow-fall Mil. ; ran-bzin-gyis of itself, by itself, from its very nature, naturally, spontaneously Dzl, in col. language, ran-bzin-nas id., also for self in the sense: I, he etc. without the aid and independently of others; Q byun-ba Inai ran- bzin-can-gyi lus O di this body participating of the nature of the five elements Wdn.; dran-poi raii-bzin-can-gyi p'yir for ran-bzin- can yin-pai pyir Sbh. *ran-zin jff-pa* C. needless words, where it is a matter of course; also: talk without any serious in- tent; *de da ran-zin-la zer-ce zig yod* W. that is nothing but talk. ran-bzo. 1. Lex. : the right, proper form (of a word)? 2. self- determination, opp. to a punctilious adher- ing to tradition Mil. ran -ran each . . . himself, each . . . his, her, its etc. (not reci- procally, as Sch. has it), ran-rdn-gi Krii jg-tu sbas he buried each (idol) under its own seat Glr., ran-rdn-gi leur ysal each (subject) will be explained in its own chap- terZ/. ran-ran-lao each (final consonant) has itself (joined), i.e. is doubled Gram. ran-re 1. = Tan-ran: ran-rei sna-fdg ran- res zun each may lead himself, may be his own guide. 2. we, ran-rei sgo druh-na at our own door Mil., ran-re-rnams we (the Lamas, opp. to the laymen) Mil. 3. polite way of addressing, for our you or the Ger- man 'Sie' ThgrJ ran-sugs-la of itself, spontaneously W. rdn-sa, rdn-so one's own place, rdn-sa O dzin-pa to maintain one's place, one's station Mil., prob. like rdn-mgo O fon-pa; rdn-sar, rdn-sor 1. bzdg-pa to put (a thing) in its place, fig. for: to leave un- decided, to let the matter alone, ni f. Mil 2. of itself, e.g. rdn-sor Zi (a storm) abates of itself. ran-sans-rgyas Pratyekabuddha, i.e. a Buddha who has obtained his Bud- dhaship alone by his own exercises of pen- ance, but who does not promote the welfare of other beings. -ba Cs. coarseness, meanness. rdn-ba, pf. rans, to rejoice, snns mi- rd/'tx-pai' discontented, yid-rdii-ba or yi-rdn-ba\di., frq.; *dhe-la ga-rdii-dhdg-te* highly pleased with it C. ; yid ma rditx-xiit mi mgu-bar gyur-te being very much dissatis- fied Sfg.; ma-rdn-bzin-du unwillingly, re- luctantly. 524 ran-ron-can rabs ran-ron-can 6s. rough, craggy, uneven. rans-pa 1. v. ran-ba. 2. T&J/W- '. ^ .<< '-7-7' Tans- par tor to-rans-kifi at/s-su early in the morning Tar. 11], 17. 3. in W. for Tens-pa. rif rdns-poSch. rough, rude, unpolished. *J" Tad-pa W. for bgrdd-pa. 'A* Tad-rod v. rod-po. ' raw-da (Pm. |jo j5 ju,) a plane La 7 . Tan-pa 1. vb. and adj. to keep, or keeping, the proper mean, to be pro- portionate, just right, adv. raw-par moderately, rdn-par sro warm yourself moderately (tol- erably) Lt., zas-fsod rdn-par zd-ba to eat moderately S.g.; Q di-tsam ni Tan-no this is about the proper measure DzL; with the root of the vb.: zin rnd-Tan-nas as it was (the proper) time for harvest Dzl., ^ro-ran it is time to go Pth., si ma rdn-par si-ba to die an untimely death ; bag -mar yta/i- rdn-pa dan when it was time to give her in marriage DzL; not so often with a sbst.: rtsds-ma rdn-tsa-na when harvest-time had come Mil. 2. rfsa rdn-pa C. shave-grass, Equisetum arvense. 3. col. for O dren-pa to lead (water) ; for bran-pa v. fags. j^q- Tab I. superior, excellent; the eldest, of three sons, opp. to brin-po and fa-cun, frq.; gan-zdg dban-po-rdb-rnams very able or clever persons (opp. to Jbrin-po or fa- ma having moderate or very little capacity) Mil., Thgr., inst. of which Tab O brin ysum is often used Tkgy.; febs-na Tab if rightly understood, that will be the best Thgr., frq. for: so it is right, that will do; much, plenti- ful, rab-skrdi ^og-nas also with a full head of hair (you may be a holy man) Mil.; rdb- tu adv. very, with adjectives and verbs, rdb- tu sdoms lock (the door) well DzL; rdb-tu Kros-par gyuT-te Tar.; it occurs also in the following phrases: rdb-tu O byin-pa to re- ceive or admit into a religious order, rdb- tu Jbyun-ba to enter into a religious com- munity, to take orders, slob-dpon cos- batis- las being with, or being ordained by the teacher Chosbangs; rgydl-poi rigs-las (to take orders) as a descendant of the royal family, of the caste of noblemen Tar.; rdb- (tu) byiin(-ba) he that has taken orders, a novice, or in gen.: a clerical person; rab- byun is also the name of the first year of the cycle of sixty years ; rab-(tu) ynds(-par) byed-pa, mdzdd-pa c. ace. or Za, prop, 'to make firm or permanent', to consecrate, to hallow, a new house, esp. a temple, an idol; by this ac t a house is secured against ac- cidents, and an idol is supposed to acquire life and to become the abode of the respect- ive deity, which occasionally manifests it- self by sundry miracles Glr. ; rdb-tu Jbyed- pa (also erron. byed-pa) Cs. to analyze, but Tar. 96 it is equivalent to Tfcjp^TSf treatise, dissertation. rab- bydms-pa v. O bydms-pa\ rab-^g the second in rank, next in value, excellence etc., thus DzL 9%L, 5 (as a better reading for Jbrin-mo); rab-ydns very wide, very extensive Sch.; rab-ysdl 1 . very clear, quite evident. 2. sbst. a small balcony or gallery, frequently seen in Tibetan houses. 3. Sch. history (?). II. also rabs, ford, rab-med without a ford, Tab-so = robs Sch. . Tab-rib, col. also hrab-hrib, mist, dimness, e. g. before the eyes, in consequence of impaired vision; *!co xrab- srib mdn-na mi fon* he sees only a mist be- fore his eyes, W. ; skdr-ma Tab-Tib the faint glimmering of a star. rabs 1. lineage, succession of families, race, family, rgyal-rdbs royal family or lineage , nobility ; succession of kings ; mi-Tabs human race; Tabs -cad a person whose lineage is broken off, i.e. childless, issueless, rabs-cdd bza-mi ynyis a married couple without children Mil.; yd-rabs the higher class of people, noblemen; md-rabs the lower class, also : one belonging to the higher or lower class; collectively: rgdn- rabs old men, aged people, yzon-rabs youth, young persons; sndn-rabs the ancients (ye- teres\ pyi-rabs men of modern times, de- scendants, posterity Glr., snon-rabs-syrutl 525 ram-pa an old legend, ancient history Zam., snon- yyi robs bco-bryyad the 18 Puranas Tar. 4, 11. 2. generation Dzl., resp. ydun-rdbs Glr.,nd-nas fdun~rdbs Ind-pa-na in the fifth generation after me; with respect to indi- viduals, period of life, viz. one of the many periods, which every person is supposed to pass through, or sometimes pleon. denoting a person as being the representative of his generation: sans-rgyds robs Idun the seven Buddhas. 3. in gen.; succession, series, development , e. g. the propagation of the Buddhist doctrine Tar. 205, 21 ; bskal-rdbs successions of Kalpas, bskal-rdbs-nas bskal- rdbs-su. ram - J P a 1. W. quick-(quitch-)grass. 2. = rdn-pa? Lt., Glr. - rdm-bu 1. prob. only in: rdm-bu O degs-pa to join in singing, to take part in a song, to fall in with, Dzl. ty, 13 (not: to set up a dismal cry Sch.), v. also O col-ba. 2. = na-rdm Polygonum vivi- parum. ^J$T rams *' m( li9 B"> c l- 2. Cs.: 'de- gree of doctorship, snags- or go- or drun-rdms-pa one having such a degree'. ^q- ral 1. goafs hair. 2. rent, cleft, pu ralynyis a sloping valley dividing into two parts at its upper end; ral-ysum n. of Lahoul on account of its consisting of three valleys ; cf. rdl-ba. 3. v. rdl-pa. rdl-ka v. rdl-gu. rdl-Ka v. rdl-gri. rdl-ga Sch. = ydl-ga. rdl-gu 1. Sch .: cleft, chink, fissure. 2. dar-dkdr-gyi rdl-gu and rdl- ka Pth.? xprrn' ral-gri, col. *ral-gyi, ra-gyi* sword, 7 also for rapier and other thrust- blades Dzl.', ral-gni O ddb-ma or Ice blade, so edge, subs scabbard of a sword Cs. ; rdl- gri-pa Cs. a sword-man; a fighting man; rdl-Ua rdl so ; rdl-fca sprod-pa 'to bring the blades together', to fight hand to hand, (ral-Jca sbrad^a Sch. is prob. a misprint). - rdl-pa long hair, lock, curl ; mane (of the lion, not of the horse etc.); rdl- pa-can having or wearing long hair, n. of a Tibetan king that distinguished himself by his bigotry and by his servility to the priests; ral -lean a willow planted at the birth of a child, under which a lock of the child's hair is buried, when it is seven years old Ld. irn* >'dl-ba = drdl-ba and hrdl-ba, pf. of O drdl-ba, torn, of clothes etc., mtsdn- gyis lacerated, slashed, cut to pieces by the sword Dzl. ; zig-rdl-ba id. ; zig-rdl breach, destruction, Kdh-pa-la zig-rdl byun-na when the house gives way Glr. ; Ka-i'dl, rna-rdl, sna-rdl a lip, ear or nose, that has been lacerated by wearing rings etc. ras 1. sbst. cotton cloth, cottons, also a piece of cotton cloth, handkerchief etc., ras sbom-pa thick, strong cotton cloth; Idg-ras, pyis-ras Cs. handkerchief, napkin ; fod-ras turban Cs. ; prd-ras a fine sort of cotton stuff, = kd-si-kai ras. Comp. ras-rkydA cotton cloth. ras- skud Cs. cotton thread. ras- Hug a small bag made of cotton. ras-Kra calico, chintz Cs. ras-gos cotton dress, gown. re- gd a strong cotton fabric brought from Sik., C. ras bcos-bu Cs. calico, chintz. ras- fag fillet, bandage. rds-pa a person wearing cotton clothes Mil., frq. ras-bdl raw cot- ton. ras - bubs a whole piece of cotton cloth. rds-ma a small piece, a rag Lex. *re-zen* C. a long, loose cotton garment, shawl. ras-yug = ras-bubs. ras-ru v. re-ru. ras-sldg a furred garment covered with cotton cloth W. 2. adj. Ka-rds (*re*, for rens?) hard snow that will bear a man. r rds-pa 1. vb., Ld. *ras-cf to get or grow hoarse, *skad ras son* the voice has grown hoarse, *skad ras-sa rag* I feel a hoarseness in my throat. 2. sbst. v. sub ras. ^. n, a\aorMoB.,*ri-ga*W. 1. mountain, hill, ri po-ta-la the mountain (called) Potala Lw.; ri-bo dpal- bdr Mil., rgyal- (iyi-Kri ri Mil. the mountain Pal-bdr, Gyal- r on the mountain Mil., ri-la id. 526 riy-pa frq. ; ri-fan-mfsams-su at the foot of the mountains or hills Med.\ rir-gdn-pa one living in close vicinity to a mountain, W.\ gdns-ri an ice-mountain, snowy mountain, glacier, ndgs-ri or sin-ri a hill covered with wood, brdg-ri a rocky mountain, yyd-ri a mountain or hill consisting of slate -stone or schist; span-ri a hill covered with grass. 2. brim of a hat or cap; side-leather, side- piece of a shoe. 3. symb. num. : 7. 4. num. figure : 55. 5. v. ri-mo. Comp. and deriv. ri-sked v. rked-pa. ri-skyegs Stg., v. skyegs. ri-Krod chain of mountains, assemblage of bills or mountains, esp. as abode of hermits who, on that ac- count, are called ri-Urod-pa', also directly = dgon-pa hermitage. ri-mgo mountain top. ri-rgydl, rii rgydl-po a very high mountain, e.g. Tise Mil., Gandhara Sbh., esp. = ri-rdb, q.v. ri-rgyud chain of mountains, ridge of hills. ri-can moun- tainous, hilly. ri-cen, ri-bo-ce a great mountain. ri-nyin the sunny side, the southern slope of a mountain. n-rnyil fall of a mountain, land-slip Sch. ri-ston v. stoh-pa. ri-deu (or rdeu) cim Sch., *ri- bdg, ri-de-bog* W., a mountain spur abound- ing in stones. *ri-ddd* W. (perh. to be spelled ri-Krod) a hermit (living) in the mountains. ri-snd mountain spur. ri- pa an inhabitant of the mountains, moun- taineer, from a Tibetan point of view equi- valent to the Latin payanus and agrestis as opp. to urbamis, therefore = peasant, poor uncivilized person. ri-prdn a little hill or mountain. ri-bo = ri, v. above. ri- bor-pa Tar., Cs.: ri-^or-pa; = ri-Krod-pa, ri-bor-gyi groh mountain village Tar. ri- brdg, brdg-ri rocky mountain. ri-Jbog spur. ri-sbug mountain cavern. ri-rtsd foot, ri-rtse top of a mountain, nyi-ma ri- rtse-la pog-na when the rising sun illumines the mountain tops. ri-rtse-kan Cs. n. of a mischievous spirit. ri-rdzon mountain fortress, fort. ri-rdb the centre of the world and king of the mountains, the fa- bulous Sumeru or Meru, also ri-rab-lhun- po, ri-rgydl, ri-bo-nicog-rdb Mil. ri-lun mountain and valley. ri-y&eb Sch. = ri- Krod. ri-sribs the side not exposed to the sun, shady side, north-side of the mountains. ri-gu young goat, kid W. " ri-ryyd Sch.: foxes or fox-skins (?). ri-dways animals of chase, ri-ba W. *ri-ce* to be worth, gen. as adj. worth, *lug di nul ciy ri-ce yin* this sheep is worth one rupee W.\ ditul bryya ri-bai rta a horse worth one hundred rupees Cs.. cf. rin and rib; ri-bai rin-fdn the full price Sch. x*Sr' '^-^^hare, ri-bdn-mo Cs. female hare; it lives in Ld., but not in the smaller valleys, e.g. not in Lahoul; ri-bon-gi rtca the horn of a hare, a nonentity, a thing not existing, cf. mo-sdm-gyi bu. ^.-^ ri-mo I. figure, picture, painting, draw- ing, lha-Kdh-gi G7/v, ri-mo-mKan painter; ri-mo-can, ri-mo-ldan marked with figures ^ri-morbycd-pa to represent by means of figures and colours, to paint Do.; mark- ings (streaks, speckles etc.) sai markings of a (tiger's) skin Tar.; ri-Krd having stripes of various colours, spotted, speckled ; ri-mo also draught, plan, design, and fig. pattern, rule of conduct, law written into the heart. 2. = rim-gro reverence, veneration, ri- mor byed-pa to honour, to venerate Stg. ri-lu col., but also Tar. 63, for ril-bu. drah-sron q. v. ri-so n. of a medicinal herb Med. xrn* r> ^9 m Ld. col. and provinc. for zig: ' *mah-na rig* or*nyun-nu rig toil* give much! give little! rig-pa I. vb., 1. to know, to under- stand, = ses-pa with the termin. of a sbst. : to know (a person etc.) as, with the termin. of the inf.: to know that, to per- ceive, observe, tfros-par rig-nas perceiving that he became angry DzL; pa-la rig-par gyis let your father know it, inform your father of it Tar.; zlog-tu rig-par bijed (it 5-27 i-ty-pa ngs or he) teaches how to avert, prevent etc. 2. v. sgrig-pa. II. sbst. 1. knowing, knowledge; prudence, talents, natural gifts Glr. ; rig-pa dan Iddn- pa talented, rich in knowledge, learned Dzl; rif/-paysar-bane\v informations, disclosures, knowledge; news, log-gi rig-pa bsgres-na* if one compares the absurd news Tar. 174, Schf.; ma-rig-pa 1. sbst. ^rf^3n ignorance, mostly used in the specific Buddhist sense, viz. for the innate principal and fundamental error of considering perishable things as per- manent and of looking upon the external world as one really existing, with Bud- dhists in a certain manner the original sin, from which every evil is proceeding, v. Kopp. 1, 163 (but cf. yti-mug}. 2. adj. void of reason, unreasonable, irrational, dud- O gro ma- rly-pa Mil 2. science, learning, literature, ndn-gi rig-pa the orthodox or sacred litera- ture, pyii rig-pa the heterodox or profane literature Cs., fun-mon-gi rig-pa literature or science common to both religions (Bud- dhists and Brahmans) Cs.; rig-pai ynas and rig-pa any single science (philosophy, me- dicine etc.) v. rig-ynds\ rig-pai rol-fso or rig-pai ynas fams-cdd Cs. circle of science, encyclopedia. 3. soul (prob. only in later literature), rig-pa lus dan brdl-ba the soul separated from the body, rten dan brdl-ba the soul separated from her hold or from her abode Thgr.', often opp. to bem Mil. Comp. rig-mKan, rig(-pd)-po Cs., Sch. a knowing person, a learned man. rig- rgyud character Mil rig -mags a spell, charm, magic formula, rig-snags-mKan a per- son skilled in charms. rig-ynds a science, one of the sciences ; rig-ynds ce-ba Ina the five great sciences or classes of science, frq.; these are : sgrd-rig-pa science of language, ytan-t'sigs-rig-pa dialectics, yso-ba-rig-pa medicine, bzo-rig-pa science of mechanical arts, nan-don-rig-pa religious philosophy; of less consequence are: rig-ynds cun-ba Ina the five minor sciences; and the rig- ynds or rig-pa bco-brgy ad (also ; tsug-lag?/J), which need not be particularly enumerated, though they are often mention they are named by Cs. and Sch. rig(-pa)- po v. rig-mKan. rig-byed 1. conveying knowledge, instructive, prob. also learned, na rig-byed glu-mKan ma yin-te I am no schooled, accomplished, singer Mil. 2. in- struction, a book conveying knowledge, a scientific work, bzoi rig-byed a technological work Glr. 3. %^ "Veda, the (four) sacred writings of ancient Brahmanism, hence 4. as symb. num.: 4. rig -ma, %^FTTf^, Veda-mother, Gciyatri, a certain metre, verse and hymn of the Rigveda, personified as a deity Mil. rig- Q dzin, from rig-pa O dzin- pa to comprehend a science with ease, to be of quick parts DzL, as partic.: a man of parts, a clever fellow; but usually rig- dzin (like rig- can, of rarer occurrence), Ssk. f^fTVTi denotes a kind of spirits to whom a high degree of wisdom is attributed, like the Dakinis. rig-ses the faculty of reason Tar. 90, 2, Schf. g-9> mi 9 rig-rig by ed-pa or d&g- pa to look about, esp. in an anxious manner, shyly Tar., Mil. . r igs 1. family, lineage, extraction, birth, descent, rigs-rus lineage and family Glr., mai rigs-su nye-ba or ytogs-pa a re- lation by the mother's side Dzl.', emph, : noble birth or extraction: rigs-kyi bu or bu- mo noble or honoured sir! honoured madam! a respectful address, which is also more ge- nerally applied; thus in Thgr. it is the reg- ular way of addressing the soul of a de- ceased person; mi-rigs \. the human race, mankind Cs. 2. nation, tribe Glr. ; sde-rigs tribe Cs. 3. rarely = sex, mo-rigs female sex Wdn. 2. in a special sense : caste, class in society, rank. In Tibet five ranks are usually distinguished, viz.: rgydl-rigs royal state, royalty, brdm-ze-rigs caste of priests (Brahman caste), rje-rigs nobility, aristo- cracy, dmdhs-rigs the citizens, ydol-pai rigs the common people. When speaking of India, the appellations of these classes are applied to the castes of Brahmanism, although they do not correspond to each other in every respect. 3. kind, sort, species, groi rigs ysumyod there are three sorts of wheat, skdd- 528 rigs rigs gos-rigs mi- drd-ba different languages and costumes; ci-rigs of every sort, ci-rigs- su in every possible manner, e g. cos ston- pa to teach religion; nyin-moi rigs-kyis or rigs-la by the day, by days, daily Glr.; rigs is also used for some, certain, ndd-rigs-la mi O dzem-na if one is not on his guard against certain diseases; sometimes pleon. : ydn-lag rigs bzi the four limbs, viz. hands and feet Glr.; rgyal-cen rigs bzi the four great spirit- kings Thgy., rigs ysum mgon-po the three tutelar saints (spyan-ras-yzigs, pyag-rdor, O jam-dbydns) Glr.; sans-rgyds rigs liiai zih- Kams Thgr. rigs-pa vb. to have the way, manner, custom, quality of, mgo pyir Jbyuh- bai rigs-so the upper end (of a stick, part of which is in the water) has the way of sticking out, i.e. sticks out ; often to be trans- lated: must necessarily (according to the laws of nature or to circumstances) ; as partic. or adj.: necessary, also proper, suitable, right, suited to its purpose, in the earlier literature gen. with the genit. of the infin., sometimes with the termin. of the infin., in later times with the root of the verb; thus : fos-nas Iddh- bai rigs-so you must get up as soon as you hear . . . DzL; da ri zig sndn-bai rigs now a mountain must appear DzL; bzdg-pai rigs- sam would it not be expedient to appoint. . .? DzL', rigs-kyi dus-la bdb-bo it is just the right time DzL ; mi smrd-bai mi rigs-so it is not right to be silent DzL ; smdd-par mi rigs-so it is not right to abuse Glr.', ^.on-rigs O dug-pas because (he) might possibly come Mil. nt. ; drdn-pa mi zin rigs-la if he should perhaps not retain the recollection of, if there should be any danger of his not remem- bering Thgr.- nan-s6n-du O gro-bai rigs-la as there is a possibility of going to hell Thgr. ; ydul-bai rigs -pa those fit for conversion DzL; lhar skye-ba ni rigs-pa ma lags his being re -born as a deity is not befitting, or also : not possible, not probable DzL ; mi- rigs-pa wrong, not right, unbecoming, im- proper etc., mostly as adv. : mi-rigs-par by ed- pa to act wrong, to do badly, frq. rigs- kyi rjes-Jbrdn Was. (274) v. sub lun. Comp. rigs-brgyiid race, lineage, extrac- tion, family Cs., rigs-brgyud- dzin male issue, rigs-brgyud O pcl-bar O gyur-ba the rising of a numerous progeny Dom. rigs-nan 1. low birth or extraction, *Eyod mi rig-hdn- pa dan nydm-po de-ce man* you must not mingle with people of low extraction, with common people W. ; rigs-nan dpon-du sko- ba to raise a child of low extraction to the royal dignity Glr. 2. hangman DzL (cf. ydol- pa). rigs-can, rigs-lddn of noble birth. rigs - mnydm -pa , mfun - pa , O drd - ba of the same rank etc., of the same species. rigs-nydms degenerated, rigs-nydms dge- sldf't a monk disgracing his profession Pth. rigs-med = rigs-ndn no. 1 . Xcn^T^r rigs-pa 1 . v. rigs. 2. often erron. for rig-pa. 3. adj. of rigs : rgydl- rigs-pa belonging to the reigning family or caste; ci-rigs-pai sgo-nas in every possible manner Mil. ; ci-rigs-par snydn-pai fsig-gis with ever so many kind words DzL', also: in any way, any how, to a certain degree or extent, in part, partly Tar. 4, 3 etc. 4. sbst., translation of szrnsj logic, dialectics Trigl. 15; an infallible, not deceptive idea Was. (297). rin-ne-ba continual (?), daily (?) ka- tsd rin-he-ba Mil. nt. every day warm meals. wn-ba I. adj , also riii-po 6'., Z?., *rin- mo* W. 1. long, high, tall, relating to space; rin-mo*Kur* W. carry it lengthwise; it also implies distance, in which case fag- rin (q. v.) is the more precise form; da-dun yiil-las rin-ste as he is still at a great dis- tance from the place DzL ; more frq. with dan: ynas O di groh-ttyer dan rin-bas because this place is far from the town DzL ; mi rin- ba-na at no great distance. 2. long, with respect to time, fse rin-ba sbst. a long life, adj. long-lived, rgydl-ba dan fse rin-barsog cig may he be victorious and live long! DzL ; yun rin-po (or mo) a long time; yunrin- po-nas from a long time, a long time since, rin-por ma Ion-par, less accurately: rin-po malon-par soon afterwards,relating to things past, rin-por mi fogs-par id. with respect to the future, = after a little while, in a short 529 -nti-tigs rib time, frq.; mi-tin-bar id. Tar.; de-nas mi rin-bar not long after that Tar.; nw 2^7 a long time, tin zig Ion-pa dan after a long time Dzl.; rwi 2%-fa^adv. long, a long while, for a long time, tin zig-tti ma ^ons-pas as he did not come for a long time DzL; tin zig-na after or during a long time Glr.' tin- la, resp. sku-rin-la c. genit. during, at, nyin- gyi riii-la in the day-time, during the day Pth., Q dir bzugs tin (provinc. for tint} O fso- cas or rgyags provisions for the time of his stayM7.; esp. of kings etc.: under a king; during the reign or life of a king, frq. ; de- rin B., C., *di-tih* (more correct form, but only in W.} to-day. 3. old, tin zig-na Sch. long ago, long since, v. also tin-lugs. II. length, distance etc., more definite form, but of rare occurrence: rin-ba-nyid, de-nas mi-riit-ba-nyid-na a very short time afterwards Tar. Comp. rin-Kydd length. *tin-tdb* W. length, copiousness (of account). tin-fun 1. long and short. 2. length, relatively. tin-gag, also stod-gdg jacket or waistcoat of a Lama, without sleeves. tin-lugs Cs.: 'the sect or follow- ers of a person', Sch. : 'old cus- toms'; Glr. 92, 2(?). tin-bsrel ('things which are to be preserved for a long time'), \JT7f, relics of a Buddha or a saint, viz. small, hard particles, ace. to Burnouf the remnants of burnt bones. tins sometimes for tin. s-pa swift, speedy, tins-par rgyug- pa to run fast, to hasten, hurry; tins- par yod I am in a hurry Mil. ; *tin-pa ton* W. be quick! make haste! tins run though you be in a hurry Mil.; rins-pai bsod-snyoms alms, gifts of charity (requiring haste), ur- gently requested, and out of the common course, Burn. I, 269. 628 *za-tins, O fun- rins*, waiting impatiently for one's meal, * grul-rins* for setting out W. ; rins-stdbs-su most speedily Mil. rid-pa 1- meager, emaciated ZteZ. and elsewh. 2. Sch. also : rare. " rid-pdn the Neosa pine-tree Kun. xV tin 1. price, value, tin ycod-pa to fix, to ' determine the price Cs. (cf. fait), tin rtog-pa to ascertain the price, to estimate the value Cs.; tin Jbebs-pa to abate, to lessen the price Cs.', tin O bdb-pa, tin O bri-ba to go down, to sink or fall in value Cs.; *tin tsam* W., *tin gha-fsff* C. how dear (is it) ? what does it cost? tin-la mi cog Sch. to sell under cost-price; tin -can dear, costly; tin-med worthless, also: for nothing, gratis; tin-gdii, tin- fan, tin-fsad Tar. ??%, 17 = tin; tin- cen-po, tin-po-ce v. the next article. 2. for tin, v. tin-ba I, 2. %<&3T(f) rin -cen(-po'}, also tin-po-ce, \ . very dear, precious, valuable ; usually: 2. sbst, -^ a precious thing, trea- sure, jewel, precious stone, precious metal; metal in general; Glr. 1, five jewels of the gods are enumerated, sapphire, indragopa and other three, prob. fabulous, stones, and five jewels as the property of man: gold, silver, pearls, corals, lapis lazuli ; in other books other jewels are specified as such. In the Buddha-legends frq. mention is made of the tin-po-ce sna bdun, i.e. the extra- ordinary treasures of a Tshakravartin king, viz. the precious wheel (v. Kor-lo), the pre- cious elephant, the precious horse, the pre- cious jewel, the precious wife, the precious minister and the precious general (or inst. of him, the precious citizen) v. Gyatch. chap. III. Sometimes rin-po-cei may be under- stood literally: consisting of jewels, of pre- cious stones, at other times it is merely equi- valent to: valuable, precious; rin-po-cei glin Glr. seems frq. to signify a holy, happy land inhabited by gods 3. a title, used not only in rgya-mfso tin-po-ce and pan- cen tin-po-ce (the honorary titles of the high-priests of Lhasa and of Tashilunpo), but also a tide of every Lama of a higher class. ^ <&.. rin-di W. (tin-dti Bun.} 1 . lead. ' ' 2. musket-ball. j^q. rib = ti-ba Sch. (Dzl. 99V, 8. 15, and in Sch.'s dictionary): worth, costing, 34 530 rib-ma standing at; to the Tibetans asked by us the word seemed to be unknown, and the MS. of Kyelang has ri-ba in the above cited pas- sage. * rib-ma* W., *dib-ma* C., fence, hedge, enclosure to protect the fields from cold winds, intruders etc. m ~9 T ^ res P- f r *lt6gs-ri* hunger W, or rim- gro, resp. sku- rim honour, homage, shown more esp. to gods, saints, and priests, offerings and other ceremonies (v. sub sku), rim-gros far- bar O gyur he will yet be cured by religious ceremonies (if medical advise should prove insufficient) S.g. ; dei rim-gro-la as a cere- mony for him (the sick person) Mil. ; zan- zin-gi rim-gros by offerings in goods, cattle etc.) Mil.; rim- gro cen-po by as he arrang- ed a great sacrificial festival Pth. ; rim-gro- pa servant, waiting-man, valet de chambre. r/im ~P a -> ^- WT' 1- ser% i es > succes- sion, rim-(pa) bzin(-du) DzL, rim- par Glr., in a row or line, in rows, by turns, successively, one after another, also = by degrees, gradually; rim-gyis, rim-pas DzL id. ; rim-pas ddn-po mcog yin pyi-ma dman v. sub dmdn-pa', byd-ba fob-rim bzin byed- pa to do a business by turns, each taking a certain share of the work Glr. 2. the place in a row or file, constituent part or member of a series, dei mi-brgyud rim-pa ' Inas rgydl-sa bzun five members of his lin- eage occupied the throne Glr., and in a still more general sense : sgo rim - pa bdun a sevenfold door DzL; rim-lddbs Sch. and nyis-rim S.g. double; rim-ycig = lan-ycig one time, once. 3. order, method, O cdd-par Q gyur-bai rim-pa O dis by this method which will be explained immediately, Sbh.; rim- bral disorderly, irregular Cs. rim ynyis v. skyed-rim. rwt*(-fMMQ contagious disease, epidemy, plague, nan- rims id. Glr.' rims yton-ba to send, to cause a plague, as demons do DzL dus ydon ynyis-kyis ma skyedrims mi Jbyun plagues, epidemics, are caused by nothing but the season or by demons; *t\i-nm* W. dysentery, diarrhoea, bloody flux; rims-so the 'tooth' of an epi- demy, i.e. its contagium, virulency. " ril-tin Ld. sa-rdg. . ril-ba I. more frq. ril-po, ril-mo /?., C.; *ril-ril* W. 1. round, globular, in C. also cylindrical; srdn-ma ril-mo peas are round Wdii.; *ril-ril* W. also sbst.: a round, globular object, such as a cabbage-head, a round lump of butter etc. ; ril-bai spyi-blugs Glr., Sch.: 'a bottle, narrow in the middle, a gourd-bottle'. 2. whole, entire; wholly, quite *Kon-ril* quite crippled, lamed C.;*nay- ril-ril* W. very black, quite black; rtdg-pa dan ril-por O dzin-pa to consider a thing lasting and entire (not compounded) Thgi/.; ril-por ha dbdn-na if it belongs to me en- tirely Mil. ; ril-po the whole, the entire thing (opp. to a part), also in arithmetic Wdk.; ril-poi Ihdg-ma the remainder of the whole Wdk. ; bubs-ril lus the whole body S.g. ; ril- gyis yyogs-pa entirely, completely, envelop- ed, or wrapped up Sch. ; ril-mid-pa Sch. : 'to swallow a thing entire'; de-day da/I ril- gyis mci-am pyed dan mci-ba bka-stsol cig tell me whether I am to come with all, or only with one half (of them) DzL ?vS?, 5 (ace. to the manuscript of Kyelang); ril-bu, col. *ril-lu*, small ball, globule, pill, Hl-bur bsf/ril-ba srdn-ma tsam formed into a pill of the size of a pea Lf.; ril-ma globular dung of some animals, byi-bai ril mouse -dung Mng. (where Piper longuin is compared with it), gld-bai ril dung of the musk-deer; liig-ril tirdles, sheep-pellets, sa-ril 1 . dung of the argali Ld. 2. small meat-balls C. II. I.W.: *ril-ce* (for gril-bd) to fall. - 2. Bal. *ril-cas* (for sgril-bd) to wrap up. j^r ris 1. cognate to ri-mo and perh. to O bri-ba : figure, form, design, pddma-ris the figure of a lotus-flower Glr., mig-man- ris-su bris-pa Glr. painted like a chess- board ; skya-ris the blank parts of a picture, fson-ris the painted parts of a picture Cs. 2. Cs.: part, region, quarter, hence mfo-ris heaven, v. wfo; dban-ris share of power or of territory; mna-ris id and n. of a part of 531 ruh-ba Tibet; pyogs-ris party; Cs. has also: rdn-ris one's own party, fzdn-ris another's party, ris-can partial, prejudiced, ris-mcd impartial, indifferent, hence also hermit, because he ought to feel indifferent to every thing. 3. Sch. : i ris-su difference, ris-su cad -pa equality'(??). 4. ris-yza symb. num. : 7, derived from the number of the great pla- nets together with sun and moon. x- ru 1. horn, = n0a; rd-ru goat's horn, lug-ru ram's horn. 2. parts of vessels etc. resembling a horn, e.g. the handle of a stew-pan Mil. nt. ; '''yo-ru* C. door-post. 3. part, division, dmdg-gi of an army Stg., wing 6s.; of a country, dbu-ytsdh-ru-bzi Mil.', yyds-ru the right side or wing, yyon- ru the left side or wing, yzuii-ru the middle part or centre 6s. 4. as num. figure: 85. Comp. ru-ddr Wdk , Mil., ru-mfson Sch. military ensign, banner, colours, Q pydr-ba to display, to hoist (a flag). ru-snd division of an army Sch^ ru-pa 'troops, advan- ced posts of the enemy' Sch. ru-dpon commander of a regiment, colonel. _.. ru-nd hatred, grudge, malice, (of rare occurrence); ru-na-can spiteful, mali- cious. x'jt- ru-rtd Cs.: 'a kind of spicy root'; in ' Lh. Inula Helenium. 5'cpy or |fqr ru-fog or ru-rdog Cs. n. of a ' ' district in Tibet contiguous to Ladak; an extensive plain, east of lake Pa/ikon. ru-pa v. ru. * ru-po ram W. x -q* or ^-cna;* -ba or re-yur a tent-co- NJ vering made of yak's hair; ru-ba-pa a person living in such a tent; ru-bai fsogs a number of such tents, a tent- village. ^*5|* ru ~ ma curdled milk, used as a ferment 6"., ^6-mar ru-ma blug- dra as when sweet and curdled milk are put together S.g.; as to its effect, it may also stand for leaven. ru-fsdr fringes Ld. = fca-fsdr. 5*^1 ' ru-raka Med. ; 6s. : a sort of berry. p. x-x^ ru^ru Stg.; Sch.: a kind of deer; a ^ species of fruit-trees. 5*OJ|' m-Mb 'flat-horn', ace. to Sch. the reindeer (sd-ba ru-leb the domesti- cated, and J>r6g-gi ru-leb the wild r.), more prob. the elk, v. Ka-sa. x^cn-CT' rug-gt appearing (?), zin mum rug- ge the field had a luxuriant appear- ance Mil. nt. rug -pa 1. 6*s. a kind of potato. - 2. W. to collect, gather, pluck, v. sgrug-pa. 'c;' run-Kan Cs.: bake-house, kitchen. run -ba 1. vb. to be fit, calculated, suitable, right, and adj.: fit etc., gen. with termin., rarely with the root of the verb, fsig O di ^jigs-su run this word is cal- culated to terrify, is terrible Dzl; btsoh-du run it is salable, vendible Dzl. ; slob-dpon- du mi run he is not fit to be a teacher Dzl. ; yzdn-du mi run he is good for nothing else, but also in the sense: he is too good for anything else, nothing inferior can be offer- ed to him Glr. ; grub ru/i-du yod-pa one that is able to perform it Tar. ; mi myed mi run it must be procured by all means Dzl., mi byar mi run it must be done Dzl.; nydl-du mi run it would not do to sleep Dzl.; med kyaii run I (you etc.) can also do without (him) Glr.; dei tse ytdn-du ruit-nam mi run would it not be as well to let him go once more? Dzl.; ci-ltar yid-ces-su run how can one believe you? Dzl.; *kon-cog zun zer mi run* W. God cannot tell a lie; O di yah run this, too, is correct, will do Gram. ; fsab run tsam it may perhaps be used instead Wdn.; nd-la mos-pa ma byas kyan run-ste that they do not show me any honour is not so great a loss; but . . . Mil. ; O dis run-nam is that the right thing? will that do? de-ltar run (W. *cog*) well, let it be so! for aught I care! 2. several other phrases with run : a. lus O di ci run why should we care so much for this our body? Dzl.; esp. cimaruit, pre- ceded by na or (rarely) by yah : why should 532 rus-pa not...? i.e. that! would that! O dibddg-gi yin-na ci ma run would that this were mine ! Thgy. ; nai bu-mo min-na ci ma run I only wish, she were not my daughter! would it were not my daughter! Pth. b. run = yan after a verbal root : de tsam zig bsdad run though I have been sitting so long Mil.; mi dgos run though it is not necessary Mil.; ses run mi ses-pa Itar byed-pa to plead ig- norance although one knows the thing Mil. ; ci-la fug run whatever may happen to me, = at all events, at any rate; ciyin run what- ever it may be Mil., log yin run min run whether it be an erroneous (opinion) or not Mil.\ si run yson run whether I live or die, living or dead Pth. ; gan yah run, ci yan run whosoever he may be, whatsoever it may be, frq.; sa cu gan yan run-ba-la on earth, water or whatever it be Do. c. mi- run-ba illicit, improper, unfit, v. above; mi- run-bai yzi bcu ten illicit actions, differently specified Tar. 33, 9, Kopp. I, 147, partly moral offences, partly only infractions of discipline; but ma-riin-ba, ma -runs-pa \. pernicious, dangerous, atrocious, as enemies, beasts of prey, malignant gods and spirits, reckless destroyers etc. 2. spoiled, destroy- ed, ruined, ma-run-bar byed-pa to destroy etc., ma-run-bar ^gyur-ba to be destroyed etc. Dzl r r- rud a falling or fallen mass, as : Ka-rud ' snow-slip, avalanche, ca-rud deluge, inundation, flood (by the rupture of an em- bankment and the like), sa-rud land-slide, descent of a great mass of earth; rud-zam a snow-bridge, formed by avalanches. ru b - cu prop, n., a district in the south of Ld. -- rub-pa to rush in upon, to attack, as- sault, pyag zabs kun-nas rub -rub J)us-te rushing in upon him from every side in order to touch his hands and feet Mil. ; bzdn-la rub -pa to pounce on the prey, to fall upon the food Glr. ; *do-rub tdn-te sdd- ce* W. to kill with stones, to stone; *cog- cig-la rub-pa* W. to press or crowd together towards one side; Ka-rub byed-pa to out- cry, to bear down by a louder crying Mil.; * go-rub-rub O dug* C. } * go-rub tan dug'' W. they put their heads together ; *srod rub son, or mun-cu rub son* W. darkness draws on, night is setting in, for which in C. *sa rub son* is said to be used, so that it might also be translated by to darken, to obscure. rub-so currant W. xrj- rum 1. womb, uterus, = mnal, but less frq.: rum mi bde-ba sensations of pain during pregnancy Dzl., rum-du O jug-pa to enter into the womb. 2. darkness, ob- scurity, mun-pai rum Glr. , gen. smug-rum. - 3. prop, n., Turkey, the Ottoman empire, the site of which is but vaguely known to the Tibetans, though some commodities from thence find their way to Lhasa; rum-pa a man from Turkey, a Turk; rum-sam ([L) Syria 6s. rul-ba to rot, to get rotten, to become putrid, to turn rancid etc., rul-bar ^gyur-ba B., *rul cd-ce* W. id. ; ^o-ma rul son the milk is spoiled, Ka rul the snow does no longer bear, *be rul* W. drift-sand, quicksand; rul-skyur 'sour by putrefaction' Sch ; rul-dri a putrid smell; rul-po for hrul-po Cs. Of. O drul-ba. xxj- rus 1., W. rus-pa, lineage, family, min dan rus ni O di-ltar-ro their name and lineage are such and such Glr.; *ha-ran-ghi (or na-ran dhan) ru-cig-pa or -dd-wa*C. B., *rus-pa cig-cig* W. we are of the same fa- mily; rus-ycig-pa y sod -pa a murderer of persons related to him by blood Lex. ; fu- mi rus Lex.: Thu-mi, a family-name; rus mfo-ba high extraction, rus dmd-ba low extraction Cs. 2. v. the next article. rus-pa (resp. yduii) 1. bone, rus-cdg fracture of a bone Med.; rus-pai dum-bu prob. small bones of which the Ti- betan anatomy enumerates 360. mi-rus human bone; rkdn-rus bone of the foot; mgo-rus bone of the skull; rus-pai rgyan Mil. a decoration of terrifying deities and magicians, consisting of human bones sus- pended from the girdle; rus-pai rgyan drug Pth., the like ornament, but fastened to six different parts of the body, the top of the 533 re-gron head, the ears, the neck, the upper arm, the wrists, and the feet; rus Jbol-ba men- tioned as a morbid symptom Lt? 2. the stone of apricots and other stone-fruits 6'., W.; grape-stone Wdn. 3. energy, snyin- gi Mil., gen. snyin-rus q.v. 4. v. rus Comp. rus-krdn skeleton, *rw-tdn fsog- se* W. he is nothing but skin and bones. riis-Ku Lt. bone-broth(P). rus-grog Sch.: a dry bone ('?). rus-bcud Lt.? rus-ndd W. caries. riis-bu 1. small bone. 2. bones in general Dzl. rus-fsdd, rus-fsod Med.f rus -sin 1. Sch. firmness, perseverance, repentance. 2. n. of a part of the body (?) Lt. re 1. indefinite num. or pron., single, a single one, some (persons), something; one to each, one at a time, re-re or re every, every one, every body, each, rdn-la bu re med-na yid- pam-pa re yon-gi O dug, des-na Kyed-la-ait. bu re dgos despair comes from having no son, therefore you, too, should have a son Mil.] yud re for a moment, = yud tsam Thgr.; Ian re Ian ynyis once or twice Mil.; mi brgya re tsam zon cog-pa (a horse) sufficiently (large) for being mounted by about a hundred men Glr. ; lo re tsam ma -y fogs with the exception of one year about Glr.; ras-gos-rkydil re a single cotton garment Mil. ; cos-Jbrel re a small amount of spiritual instruction Mil. ; W.: *bal re* some wool, *su-gu re* some paper (= zig), *ku-su re : some apples; bcii-la pur-pa re ytdd-nas handing to each of the ten a, pur-pa Pth.', Idg-na don-tse re-re yod in each of his hands there was a gold-coin Dzl. ; nyin re-la sems-can Kri re bsad Glr. he slaugh- tered every day 10000 living beings, ra Ina Ina bsad five goats (every day); mi res lug re bsad each man killed one sheep Glr. ; in a somewhat different sense: *lo re-ne lo re cun-se yod' W. they grow smaller from year to year ; nyun re little at a time Glr. ; re-re ynyis-ynyis one and all, one with an- other, indiscriminately Mil., re-re-bzin-gyi mgo every single person's head Tar.] re zig somebody, something; some (persons), a little; (with or without dun) a little while, re zig sdod wait a little ! Dzl. ; re zig cig-na after a little while, Rhar. 37 ; once, one day, one time, at a future time, also dus re zig-gi fse Pth 2. mutual, reciprocal (in this sense it is perh. to be spelled res, though it is cer- tainly cognate to re), dpon slob re JJan Jbyun Mil. there arises mutual discord between teachers and disciples Mil ; different, differ- ing? re-Ua-bu 'of a different kind or na- ture' Sch. 3. sbst. a. the wooden parts of a door, re bzi the four parts of a door- frame, yd-re the head-piece, the lintel, ma- re the sill or threshold (= yd-fem and md- fem\ * yd-re md-re dal ton* W. pull it down entirely! logs-re the side posts (6 1 . sgo-ru), b. v. re-mos and reu. 4. In such forms as mor-ra-re, mcis-sa-re, gyur-ta-re {Dzl. VL, 1 . ?, 9. ??, 2) it may be rendered by an adverb, as: certainly, undoubtedly. 5. vb., v. red-pa and re-ba. 6. par- ticle, mostly put between two closely con- nected words: nyams-re-dgd, blo-re-bdeGlr., ^o-re brgydlj skyug-re-log , ze-re-^igs, yi- re-miig, don-re-cun, snyin-re-rje (this last very frq.), without essentially modifying the signification, yet only used in emphatic speech. 7. num. for drug-cu in the ab- breviated forms of the numbers 61 to 69. 8. num. figure : 115. ^"3<3T re ~ s k an ( e ty m lgy?)? acc - to the ^ ' passages which came to my know- ledge a strong negative (like nl |U?j), by no means, never, yon re - skan Mil. frq., that can never happen, that is absolutely im- possible (parallel to yon mi srid) ; fsim-par O gyur re-skdn they never can be satisfied with it Tar. e-skdn n. of a bitter medicinal herb. re-Kd Sch. a picture, painting. re-Jkdn v. re-ba. re- Kdn Sch. : re- Jcdn Q byun-ba to be not too much (?). s'^TI^" re-gur v. re-ba sbst. x'TO" re-gron addition, increase. 534 re-lcdgs-pa or reu-cs-pa, Med., a mezereon with white blossoms in the South-Himalaya, of which paper is made. re-to pumpkin Kun. re-dogs v. re-ba. vb. re-lde v. re-ba sbst < re-sndm v. re-ba sbst. re ~ P c '9 s P r P- n -> Triloknath, a much frequented place of pil- grimage in Chamba, with a famous image and sanctuary of Avalokitesvara. x~'!3' re-ba Cs. sbst., also re-bo, ace. to some sbre-bo, W. *re-snam*, Cs. sack-cloth, a kind of cloth of yak's-hair, a tent-cloth (also re-lde and re-yol Cs.}; re-gur a tent of such cloth. re-ba I. vb., 1. to hope, fams-cddmfon- du reo all hoped to see Dzl. ; de-la pdn-du re-nas hoping it might be good for it Mil.; su-la re in whom should they place their hope, in whom should they trust? Ion yod-du re-la whilst you are hoping still to have time (enough) Mil.; re-zin ltds-pa to look up full of hope Glr. 2. to wish, v. II. 3. to beg, to ask alms, to go a beg- ging, for victuals, *fco re-a-la yon" W. he comes to beg. II. ^TOTT sbst. hope; wish, frq., re-ba skoh-ba, re-ba sgrub-pa to fulfil a hope; myed-pa, fob-pa to get it fulfilled, to obtain what one has hoped for, re-ba Itar O gyur it goes to one's wish, as well as one could wish; re-ba dan Iddn-pa hoping, full of hope, re-ba med-pa hopeless, despairing. Comp. re-fdg v. fdg-pa. re-dogs hope and fear, re-dogs med being without hope and without fear (the principal aim and prerogative of ascetics) Mil. re-(bai) ynas Cs.: room for hope; prob. also = re- sa the person or thing whereon one's hopes are placed 6'., W. R*3fcr, wfcr - mos > res -v ws turn se - ries, or more accurately : the order or change of the series 7 la rey-pa sdug-pai re-mos bab then misfortune came to be our turn Mil.; re-mos-su Pth., * re-mos cos - la* Ld. by turns, alternately, e.g. to strike one's breast with the hands; *re-mos re-mos* W. by degrees, gradually; re-mons id. Ma. v. re 1. re-rdl n. of a medicine Med. a loom. re ~ ^ ras ~ ru ?) W- & & spread- or warp -beam of re-sa v. re-ba. re d 1- Sch.: reg-yzig-pa 'notes taken down, and extracts made, during a course of study'. 2. v.the following article. r fy~P a I- vb., 1. ( W. *rdg-ce = nyug- ce*, the latter being more in use) to touch, to come in contact with, lag -pa sd-la gar reg-par where his hands touched tlie ground Dzl.; rlun ydl-ga-la reg-na when the wind touches the branches Dzl.; fcd- reg-pa c.dat. : to eat, to taste, to take, dug- la-Kd-reg re-ba yod in taking poison there is hope, (viz. so bad are the times) Ma. ; *fsd-big zal rag dzod orzdl-la rag* W. please, taste a little of it! sd-la fcru gan tsam-gyis ma reg-par Jbyon-pa to walk not touching the ground by an ell, i.e. to move in the air, about a cubit distant from the ground Pth.; reg-pa-med-pa intangible, unapproach- able, out of reach, Glr. 2. to feel, to perceive 6s.? II. sbst. reg (prob. only abbreviation of rey-bya) feeling, touch, sense of feeling S.g. 10,5? Comp. reg-diig ('poison that has entered the body by contact 1 ) S.g. 29, is said to signify now in C. venereal disease, syphilis. reg-bya 1. what is felt or may be felt, anything palpable or tangible, reg-bya mi fsor what may be felt is felt no longer ]Vd/t. '2. feeling, sense of feeling, pdgs-pa-reg-bya the feeling of the skin, lus-po pyii reg-bya graii-la whilst the outside of the body ap- pears cold to the touch, reg-bya-rtsiib rough to the touch Med. reg -ma Cs. n. of a goddess. ren-ba 535 r&n-ba, pf- rens to be stiff, hard, rigid, rmai ren sbyans to remove the hard parts, of a wound (to clear, to cleanse) Wdri.] *rans son* W. (the blood) has coag- ulated, congealed, also of a dead body : it has grown stiff; *rdns-te dad dug' W. he makes himself stiff, he struggles against; nh'/s-pa solid (opp. to liquid), coagulated, stiff, hard; rens-par byed-pa to make hard or stiff; fig. : stiffnecked, obstinate, unwilling, Do. j^-q- ren-bu 1. pastil for fumigating Lt., v. spos. 2. Sch. : separate, not be- longing to anything else. rc " s sometimes for raws, v. nyin-retis, fo-rens. rens-po Sch. alone, single. red-pa I . to be, = yin-pa, in Sp. and C., rarely in J5.; also re-pa (re-bo) is met with; %ed pyugs-rdzi ma red rdo-rje-sems- dpar snan you are not a herdsman, no, you are Vajrasattva (viz. a deity)! Pth.; *caii yo-pa re* me' -pa re'*? is there any beer here or not? C. 2. Cs. : to be ready, red mda a ready arrow Cs.; red dan ma red rma a healed wound and one not yet heal- ed (?) Sch. 3. to be withered Ts. ^q-^q-q- reb-reb-pa Sch. : to be in a great haste or hurry, to be very zealous, W.: *reb log co-ce* to do something wicked again and again. ...j. rem-pa vb. and adj. (to be) strong, vigorous, durable, sound, hearty, of men and animals, *rem-pa son* W. now I feel strong again; *gyog-pa (jtd-ce-la rem-pa i-o!* W. exert yourself to walk fast! cos spyod rem show your ability, in per- forming ceremonies or incantations Mil.; rem-cig rem-cig O dre-fsogs-rnams be strong, ye hobgoblins, show your power; do your best! (ironically) Mil. ^n- reu Mil. prob. panel or square, of a No wainscoted wall, of a chessboard etc. ; re(u)-mig id. ]r^- rer termin. of re, to each individually; ... a piece. 5*r res 1. inst. of re. 2. change, turn, time, times, da tied byed-pai res-la bab- ste it being now our turn of acting Dzl. ; *di-rih cu-re fcoiyod* W. to-day it is his turn to irrigate (the field); res byed-pavtith verbal root, to do a thing by turns with another person, can-la O fun-res byed-pa, resp. : skems- la ysol-res mdzdd-pa to vie with one another in drinking beer Glr. ; skyes Jbul-res byed- pa to send mutual presents to one another Glr.; res ^jog-pa to change Sch.; res-kyis relieving one another (in service), doing (a thing) alternately or by turns, e g. nydl-la mel-fse byed-pa to sleep and to keep watch Dzl. ; res is also used as an adv. : 1 . res ce res cun now great, now small, or partly great, partly small; res yod res med at one time it is there, at another not Cs. 2. at a time, every time, distributively: res pye fur-mgo re tsam O gams I always take the tip of a spoon full of meal at a time Mil.; res ycig once, once upon a time Tar., res O ga sometimes, res ... res now now, at one time at another, frq.; *lu-re* W. a change of singing, an alternative song; res- mos v, re-mos; res-yzd a changing (wander- ing) star, a planet Cs.; res- grogs-zla-sMr the stars with which the moon is successively in conjunction Sch. ^J'f res-po old, v. bgre-ba. ,;* ro I. sbst. taste, flavour, savour, Ka-ro id. ; ro-myon-ba to taste; six different kinds of taste are distinguished: mndr-ba sweet, skyiir-ba sour, lan-fswa-ba salt, Kd-ba bitter, fsd-ba acrid, bskd-ba astringent, and the me- dicines accordingly are also divided into six classes ; ro bryya dan Idan-pa of a hundred- fold taste, i.e. of the most exquisite and manifold flavour, frq. II. sbst. 1. also r6- ma? resp.: spur, dead body, corpse, carcass, mi-ro a dead man, rtd-ro dead horse, srin- bui ro dead insects Dzl ; ro sreg-pa to burn a corpse. 2. body, v. comp. 3. residue, remains, sediment, t'sdg-ro (or O f&dg-rd) that which remains in a sieve or filter, impuri- ties, .husks etc., )d-ro tea-leaves in a tea- t-o the remains of bacon after having 536 ro-nye been fried, greaves; gdl-ro, rdo->'o, sd-ro rubbish; skud-ro the ends of threads in a seam ; v. also ro-to. Com p. ro-Kdn, col. *rom-Uah* place for burning or burying the dead, a favourite spot for conjurations and sorceries. ro- grib defilement by contact with dead bodies. ro rgt/db back, back part Lt. ro-sgdm coffin. ro-to Ld. (= roll, 3) residue; *rah- sii ro-to* wax; *sig-pe ro-to* ruins of walls. ro-stod the upper part of the human body, chest and back Stg. ; esp. back Mil. ro- dom fees given to the Lamas for performing the burial or cremation ceremonies Mil. ro-bug Sch. grave, tomb. ro-mydgs v. myags ro-smdd the lower part of the body Med., ro-smdd sbrul-du Kyil-ba the lower part of the body like a winding serpent Wdk. ro-rds cloth of cotton for wrapping up a dead body before cremation; upon it incantations are frequently written against demons and malignant spirits Pth. ro- lans = "ejcMHT (evil) spirit, or goblin that oc- cupies a dead body ( Will.) Tar. 158. ro- sin wood for burning a dead body. * ro-nye Stg. ra-mye, za-nye lead. r - m <*> 1 sometimes for ro 6s., Schr. 2. v. rtsa I. ro - tsa , ro - ytsa sexual in- stinct, carnal desire, lustre?., ro-tsa skyed-pa to excite, to increase the carnal appetite by medicine 6s. ; also : to feel it; ro-tsa-ba 1. voluptuous, sensual, lustful Mil. 2. exciting or animating the sexual in- stinct Wdn. rog-po 1. C. black, cf. bya- and/w- rfy _ 2. W.=rdg-pa reddish, yellow- ish-brown, of rocks. rog-ge-ba shining dimly; zal O dzum-ndg rog-ge-ba with a face glowing gloomily as it were Mil. nt. rog- rog l.C. jet-black. 2. 'dark-grey' $cA., prob. = rog-po 2. 3. rogue, villain 6's. (a man of dark deeds?). fogs, vulgar pronunciation of grogs, friend, companion, associate, assistant v. grogs', rogs-med ycig-pa quite alone Pth.\ *rog-rdmco-ce* W. ra-mda byed-pa ; *rogs- po* Ld. adulterer, *rog-po i-6-ce* (of a hus- band) and *rog-mo co-ce* (of a wife) to commit adultery. 2^-- rori narrow passage, defile, cleft in a hill, also valley; brag-ro/i dell or chasm be- tween rocks, ravine, ron-rtsub a rough country full of ravines, so Tibet is called Glr. ; ron- yul id.; rdri-mi, roiwta, roh-lcah a man coming from, a horse bred in, a willow grow- ing in such a country. ^* rod pride, haughtiness Ts. rod-pa, rod-po stiff, unable to help one's self, rod-lci- ba Sch. id. ; Ld. : *rod-da-rod-de* of decrepit or sick people. rom-Kaii W. for ro-Kan. 3^jf rom-po W. (for sbom-po C., B.) thick, big, stout, of men, trees, sticks; mas- sive, massy, plump; deep, of sounds, opp. to prd-mo. rom-yig type, types, letters used in printing, opp. to pra-yig, v. yi-ge- s(nr rol 1. side, only in the comp. : ndn-rol inside, pyi-i-ol outside, pd-rol, fsii-rol etc. ; mdl-gyi pyi-rol the outside of the bed (e.g. has been soiled) Glr. ; mostly as post- position : ydns-pa-can-gyi ndn-i'ol-na within the town of Yah-pa-can\ ndh-rol-nas Jbiil- ba to reach, to hand from within Dzl. ; cui p'd-rol-na, fsu-^rol-na (or fsu-rol-tu) on the other side or on this side of the water; yyds- rol, j-yon-rol the right side, the left side; also in a looser sense: jyyi-rol-tu bzun-ba to look upon a thing as externally or really existing Mil.; often pleon. : snon-rol-nas be- fore, previously Thgy.\ ^og-rol-tu for ^g-tu after Pth., Tar.; O di-nas nyi-ma-niib-kyi pyogs-rol-na to the west from here. 2. Sch.: rol(-tu~) bsdd-pato destroy completely, to kill on the spot('?). 3. (6s. also rol-mo} furrow; rol rmod-pa to make furrows, to plough. - rdl-rta Sch. : the near horse in a team, the right-hand horse. rol-pa = sprul-pa, v. rol-ba 3. r ol-ba 1. to amuse or divert one's self (synon. withrfe^'-6a), thus one of the twelve actions of a Buddha is btsun-moi ^ K'or- 537 rol-ma du rol-ba diverting himself with his wives; bdag-yod dan rol-ba to divert one's self with a married woman (sensu obsc.) Schr.; in rgya-cer-rol-pa (v. sub rgya), and in rol-pa bkod-pa (the n. of a certain kind of con- templation Gyatch.}, it is used for wffwfrf. playing. 2. to take, taste, eat, drink, srm- mo Krdg-la rol-ba witches or ogresses revel- ingin blood Mil. ; rol-pai stdbs-su bZugs there he sits with greedy mien. 3. = sprul-ba to practicesorcery,tocausetoappearby magic power, rndm-par rol-pa = rndm-par sprul- pa; ye-ses rol-pai Kyeu Ina Pth. for: ye-ses- kyi sprul-pa incarnations of the divine Wis- dom; rol-pai mfso prob. enchanted lake, oc- curs in the description of the Sumeru, but no Lama seemed to know its exact meaning. 4. vulg. : to thrash, to cudgel. ro l- ma 1- v - r l 3- 2. col. for sgrol-ma. r6l-mo (cf. rol-ba 1). 1. music, rol- mobyed-pa, W. *co-ce*., to make music, rol-mo spydd-pa Sch. id. '2. musical in- strument, = rol-moi ca-bydd Dzl., rol-ca Cs., in W. esp. cymbal. ^* and andglags. ldg-pa v. rlog-pa. rldns-pa vapour, steam, Ka-rldns breath, exhalation, *Ka-ldn tdn-ce* to breathe, to exhale W.; *gan-ldn le ' cloud- like snow-drifts on high hills, cu-rldns steam, watery vapour; rldns-cu O don-pa Schr. to distil. x^r- dan 1. moisture, humidity, rlan spdn-ba ^ ^ to avoid the wet Med., rlan sten nydl- ba to sleep in the wet Lt. 2. a liquid, rlon-rUn\&., rlan-rlon can the liquid (called) bee)' Lex. ; rldn-can moist, wet, humid, e.g. a country, rlan-med dry. Cf. rlon-pa, Man. j^ .-jy^.. rldb(s)-pa Sch. : to remove, to clear away'. x^w- rlabs wave, billow, flood, rgyd-mfsoi rlabsMed.; cu-rldbs and dba-rldbs or rba-rldbs = rlabs', dus-rlabs ebb and flood, tides Stg. ; rlabs yyo-ba or fcrug-pa the tumult of the waves Cs. ; rlabs-po-ce or rlabs-cen, Lex. : ^f^nf, a large wave or billow , a rolling swell of the sea, surf, surge; also fig. : a high degree, e.g. of diligence Thgy. rxrrr rldm-pa v. rlom-pa; rlam-Kyer Sch. ^ pride (?). rlig-pa, resp./saw-v%, testicle, stone, Jbyin-pa, O pyid-pa, W.*ton-ce* to castrate, emasculate (a man), to cut or geld (an animal), rlig-pyun, rlig-med castrated, emasculated, rlig-can having testicles, rlig- ycig-pa having only one testicle; rlig-bu, rlig- subs scrotum; rlig-skrdns swollen testicles; rlig-rlugsLt., rlig-blugsS.g., id. (ace. to 6s.). ^C^J" rlins Sch. good, quick, cf. brlin-ba. ^^* rlid Sch. a closed leather- bag. 5^_._. rlid-buSch.: 'a whole, a lump or mass'; * ' ^ but this seems not applicable in the phrase dud- groi rlid-bu Lex. , and other- wise it is not known to me. rlug(s)-pa l.Cs.i 'to purge, mnal rlugs-par byed-pa to cause an abortion, rlugs-byedpvirgmg, procuring abor- tion; rlugs-ma Sch.: 'the casting out, effu- sion' ; ace. tooneZ/&. excretion of indigested food. 2. Ts. : to overthrow, to pull down, v. lug-pa. xr- rtun ^TJ ! ^ rlun-po breeze, wind, Ns rlun 16-ma-la reg the wind touches the leaves Dzl., rlun-gisskyod(a,thing) is moved by the wind DzL, blown away by the wind Glr.\ *lun Ian* C., *lun-po pu dug* W., the wind blows, also for: there is a draught (here) ; *lun-rag mdn-po yon dug* W. one feels the wind (here) very much; rlun cen- po Mil, drdg-po a high wind, a gale; sdr- rlun east-wind etc., car-rlun rain and wind; skdm-rlun a dry wind Cs.; *luii-po yob-ce* W. to fan; jg-luh wind (from the stomach), flatulence Lt.\ fig.: Ids-kyi rlun-gis ded-de impelled or pushed on by the wind of ac- tions, i.e. involved in the consequences of one's actions; and in a similar manner in other instances, frq. 2. air, atmospheric air, rlun-gyi dkyil-Jtor atmosphere; rlun-gi Q prul-Kor air-pump Cs., rlun-gi gru air- balloon Cs. 3. in physiology: one of the 34* 538 ' rlun ' brla three humours of the body (v. nyes-pa) sup- posed to exist in nearly all the parts and organs of the body, circulating in veins of its own, producing the arbitrary and the in- voluntary motions, and causing variousother physiological phenomena. When deranged, it is the cause of many diseases, esp. of such complaints the origin and seat of which is not known, as rheumatism, nervous affec- tions etc. This rlun or humour is divided into five species, viz.: srog- Q dzin cause of breathing, gyen-rgyu faculty of speaking, Kyab-byed cause of muscular motion, me- mnydm of digestion and assimilation, fur- sel of excretion; rlun-las gyur-pa yin (the disease) arises from rlun Glr. ; rluh-gis bzuh- ste=rlun-ndd-kyis btdb-ste. These notions concerning rlun are one of the weakest points of Tibetan physiology and pathology. 4. in mysticism rlun O dzin-pa seems to be = dbugs bsgydn-ba, and to denote the drawing in and holding one's breath during the pro- cedure called ytum-mo (q.v.), which is as much as to prepare one's self for contem- plation, or enter into a state of ecstasy Mil. ; rlun sems-la dbaii fob-pa Mil, frq., is said to imply that high degree of mystical ecstasy, when rlun. and sems have been joined into one; he who has attained to the mgyogs- rlun is able to perform extraordinary things, e.g. with a heavy burden on his back he is able to run with the greatest speed, and the like. - Comp. rlun-rta the airy horse, n. of little flags, frequently to be seen waving in the wind on Tibetan houses, on heaps of stones, bridges etc. The figure of a horse which to- gether with various prayers is printed on these flags signifies (ace. to SchL 253) the deity rta-mcog. Hue also mentions super- stitious practices that may be called rlun- rta. rlun-mdd Sch. air-gun. rlun-ndd disease caused by rlun, v. above. rlun- dmdr, rlun ndy-po prop, dust-storm, a storm whirling up clouds of dust; further: storm. tempest in general, also a gale at sea Glr. and elsewh. rlun-t'sub whirlwind, snow- storm Mil. rhui-sems v. above, rlun 4. rluit-ser, rlun-bser-bu, rlun bsir-ba, a violent wind Cs. rtubs 1 .in C. : corner, hole, place for hiding a thing; Lex.: Run-but rlubs. 2. Sch. : ditch, pit, pool, abyss, met rlubs fire-pool. VjWrj- rloa-pa, pf. brlags, fut. brlag, imp. rlog(s), brlag, vb. a. to ldog-pa, 1. to overthrow, to destroy; fdl-bar or rddl-du rlog-pa to reduce to powder, to destroy entirely Thgy. and elsewh.; rtsa-ba-nas, or mam-par, to annihilate, e.g. all the infidels Pth., to break, to smash e.g. a vessel 6'.; to lose C., *'d-ma lag-son* I have lost my mother 6'., *luy cig lag son* one sheep has perished C. 2. fig. to pervert, to infatuate, nyes-pai dri-mas yons-su brldgs-te quite cor- rupted by the filth of sin Dzl. ; cun-mar O dzin-pai bsdm-rlags-fso those infatuated by thoughts of marriage Glr.; brldg-po foolish, Stupid, of a little child Thgy. KCT rlo/t sometimes erron. for klon or Ion. s^y-^j- rlon-pa I. 1. adj. (Cs. 'moist') W. wet, fsan-rlon quite wet, wet through; hence of meat, vegetables and the like, fresh, green, raw B. and col. 2. vb., pf. and fut. brlan, to make wet, to moisten, cus, car-pas Dzl II. Sch.: to answer, with Ian, also glon-pa, ldon-pa, bldn-pa, zldn-pa. rlob-pa, pf. brlabs, fut. brlab, imp. rlobs, v. byin. Xji-jFi- rlom-pa I. vb., pf. brlams, fut. brlam 1. to be proud of. to glory in, to boast Of, with terrain., bder rlom-pa to boast of one's good fortune, ycig-par or ycig-tu rlom- pa to be proud of the identity with . . . Tar. 2. to love, to adhere to. to be attached to W., to strive after, fzdn-gyi nor-la. 3. to be possessed, of demons, ydon-gyis brldms- pa Lt. II. sbst. pride, bsags kyaii rlom- pas Jlyer if perhaps (any merit) has been gathered, it is taken away again by pride Mil. Deriv. rlom-po a boaster, an arro- gant person Cs. ; rlom-sems pride, arrogance. ? ) tola (-bo?} the thigh, brla nd- ba a pain in the thigh Do., brlayyas 539 la the right thigh Glr., brla-rkdn femoral bone (Sch.: hip-bone?). *brla-Kuh* groin W. Ma-bar Sch. : junction of the legs, genitals ; brla-riis femoral bone; brla-sd muscular part of the thigh; brla-sulCs.: 'side of the thigh'. Mag-pa v. rlog-pa. Man - po Lex. and Sch. abusive word, invective, abusive language (Sch. also: 'rude fellow, brute'?), rtsub- brldn-ba ma yin-pa refraining from abusive language Thgy.; brldn-po-rnams byed-pa to make use of such language Stg. ; Man- spy 6d byed-pa to be coarse, churlish Sch. brldn-pa v. rlon-pa. v. rlob-pa. brldm-pa v. rlom-pa. brlin-ba C. firm, secure, safe (Sch.: quick?), brlin-po id., both of men and things, *lin-ghyi j/te-la Kur* C. carry it safely, carefully! brim-log Sch.: confused, disorderly, not to be trusted. brlug-pa Sch. : = mdzd-bo friend, assistant, helper; one Lex. explains blo-brlug by grogs. v. rlubs. 04 la 1. the letter 1. 2. numeral: 26. f^j- /a I. sbst. mountain pass, road or passage over a mountain, lai gyenthe up-hill road or ascent of a mountain, lai fur the down- hill road or descent Cs. ; la rgdl-ba B., C. ( W.:*gijdb-ce*) to cross a mountain pass; Id-la O gro-ba Cs. id. Comp. la-rked Or sked the declivity or slope of a mountain pass. la-fid the high- est point of the pass, la-mgo the head, or top, of a mountain pass. la - sgo, Sch. : 'turnpike of a pass 1 . la-ycdn-pa a collec- tor of duties on a ghat or pass Cs. la-cun a small pass Glr. la-mjug = la-rfsa. la-ston v. ston-pa. la-fog la-rtse. la- rtsd (W. *lar-sa*} foot of a mountain pass la-rtse (W. *lar-se*} top of it. la-sdn Sch.: = la-rked. II. sbst., also Id-ba, wax-light, wax-candle, taper, from the Chinese Idh wax, C. III. In compounds for la-pug and la-ca. IV. postpos. c. ace. 1. denoting local relations in quite a general sense, in answer to the questions where and whither: sd-la O gre-ba to roll (one's body) on the ground, sd-la O gril-ba to fall down on the ground, ndm-mka-la O pdg-pa to rise to heaven, ndm- mka-la O pur- ba to fly in the air, me-la at, on, in, to, the fire, ri-la on, to, the moun- tain, cu-la in, into, to, on, the water, sdr-la to, towards the east, eastward (e.g. to look), bod-la in, to, Tibet; also where we should say: from, as: yndm-la Kd-ba Jbab snow falls from heaven, rtd-la Jbab he alights from his horse, brag-la mcons he leaps down from the rock DzL lus-la Krag O byin-pa to draw blood from the body by scratching. This latter use of la occurs so frequently, that it cannot always be looked upon as a misspelling for las, though this would be the more exact word. 2. with reference to time: zag ysiim-pa-la on the third day, lo nyi-su-pa-la in the twentieth or during the twentieth year, zld-ba ysum-la (finish it) within three months Glr., pyag ddn-po-la at, during, the first obeisance Glr. 3. in other bearings : de-la rten-nas (prop, relying 540 Of la Id-pug on, keeping to) relative to, with respect to, in consequence of; also de-la, without rten- nas id. ; with verbs expressing feelings of the mind : at, off, concerning etc., de-la dgd- sfeglad of, rejoicing at it ; sdig -pa-la O dzem-pa to be afraid of sin ; ma byun-ba O di-laydams- ndg ysol-to he asked advice with respect to this not having been done Mil.; in introducing a new subject: rgydl-sa me-nydg-la soi'-bai lo-rgyus-la now, as to the fact of the suprem- acy having been transferred to Tan-gud, it ... Glr. ; in headings of chapters etc., e.g. glin bzii min-la names of the four parts of the globe Trig. ; ce-cun-gi fsad-la with re- spect to size Glr. ; bre-srdn-la yyo mi byed- pa not to cheat by measure and weight Glr.' for the Latin erga and contra, as: dgra-la rgol-baio struggle against or with an enemy; bu-la snyin-brtse-nas from love to her son; nad-stobs-kyi ce-cun-la dpdg-pa to pro- portion (the medicines) to the degree of the illness Lt. ; shdr-gyi rgyun-la in com- parison with the former time Tar.\ rgydl-poi fiigs-rje-la by, or according to the king's favour; nai lugs-la by my way of proceed- ing, according to my system Mil.; zdbs-j>yi- la (to go with a person) as a companion. 4. most frq. la is used as sign of the dat. case, col. also of the accus. following a vb. a. 5. in all the relations mentioned above, la is added to the inf., partic. and root of a vb., wherever the verb will at all admit of it, and besides it is used as gerundial particle in a similar sense as te: a. after the inf. (only in J5.) : lha-rten zig yod-pa-la as there was in that place an idol-shrine Dzl. ; often also to be translated by although, b. added to the root (B. and col.) : mfoh-la ma btags (though) having seen it, yet he did not fasten it Dzl. ; col. esp. when the root is doubled, for while, whilst: * tie sa tub-tub-la kyod sin Kur* fetch thou wood, whilst I am cutting the meat into pieces W. ; in C. and B. = cin, also added to adjectives, lus mi- sdug-ciii fun-la dbyans snydn-pa ugly as to his body (and) of small stature, (but) hav- ing a fine voice Dzl.; in sentences contain- ing an imp. it is added to the root of it: sog-la Itos sig come and look! oj'izr^f la-tiywno W. the mountain-weasel ; "* = sre-mon? rM-jL- la-rgyd Sch.: government, adminis- tration(?). ^ a "^ sea ' m 9' wax > Wdh. ; *la-kyir* W. balls of sealing-wax, with a hole for stringing them, used like our sticks of seal- ing-wax; la-fig drops of sealing-wax; la-fig rgydg-pa to drop melted sealing-wax upon (a person), as a torture. la-nyun Glr., either a sort of turnip, or (more prob.) for Id-pug daii nyun- ma radish and turnip. qy la-nye Sch,: 'a mark' (?). Q!-r- la-td Hind. x^XJ?an imported material ' like flax or a sort of linen-cloth, not in general use; hence in many parts of the country unknown. an", nra* arc* la ~ tu > la ~ fU) la ~ dw -> P r P- <s ^ NO ^f^~. a sort of pastry of In- dia, composed of suet, coarse meal, sugar and spices; the word may also be used for our gingerbread. arspf la-fig v. la-ca. q*^' la-fdd turban Glr. la-dwdgsj also mdr-yul, Ladag. La- dak, province in the valley of the Indus between mha-ris and Balti, inhabited by Tibetans and formerly belonging to Ti- bet, afterwards an independent kingdom, but recently conquered by Gulab Singh of Kashmere and hindooized as much as pos- sible by his son and successor; capital Le. ld-pa-sa or Id-pa- sag Cs. a kind of upper gar- ment without a girdle. ld-po buttermilk, boiled, but not yet dried into vermicelli (cur-ba). ld-j'ug radish, bod Id-pug the coni- mon black radish, ni f. ; rgya Id-pug a red species, of an acidulous taste. The carrot (Daucus carota) is in C. also col. called la-pug ser-po. la-bddr, gen. *lab- 541 Id-la ddr*, a contrivance for grating radishes, either made of wood, or consisting of a quartz-stone with a crystallized, rough sur- face. Id-ba v. la II. ldg(-pa} d-ba, Iwd-wa, Ssk. #.: 'a woolen blanket or cloth ; a sort of deer'; skrai Iwd-ba Sty. frq. a kind of woolen cloth. The seat of Buddha is often a slab resembling a Iwd-ba Do. T la-ma Sch. : a certain herb. la-ma-sro raspberry Kun. ur Cs. } also la-gar Sch., quick, swift, speedy, fcyod ma O dug ma O dug la-^ur O den Jf7.make haste, go without stop- ping (on the road). la -yogs retribution, punishments overtaking a sinner during this life (cf. lan-cags) C., W. ; *la-yog fob yin* that will come home to you! Sch. has la- yogs-pa to return, to come back (?). QJV^' la-re W. a sort of long-legged and swift -moving centiped, frequent in houses. la-la C., B. (is said to be pronounced la-Id in Sp., but Thgy. sometimes ac- centuates Id- la, according to the metre) some, a few ; when put twice : partly partly, what what; la-la zig also as a singular: some body, some one Dzl. W, 1 . ld-la-pud a medicinal herb ; in Lh. a Bupleurum. la-so Sch. list (of cloth), selvage. * la-sogs v. sogs. Ojqr lag, also dbon-lag, dgon-lag,Sch.: little, not much. %('^ a ) ! resp.py<*9> hand, arm, *ldg-pa tdn-ce*W. to shake liands, also to offer one's hand, as a pledge of faith (for C. v. mdzug-gu}', Idg-pa-nas )u-ba to take, to seize by the hand Dzl.] lag-pai rgyab or bol the back of the hand; Idg-pai mdun the palm of the hand 6s. ; Idg-tu len- pa to take in hand, to exercise, to practise, i-pa meditation Mil., fsig-don to study and practise the import of a word, to live accordingly Mil., metaph. : mho-lag arm of the sea, gulf, bay, mfso-lag-Jbrel narrow sea, straits; g lin-ldg, yul-ldg tongue of land, glin- lag- brel isthmus, neck of land C.; fig. for power, authority, mii Idy-tu ^ro-ba to get into a person's power, to be at his mercy Tfyy., Idg-nas O p'rog-pa to snatch out of a person's hand, to deliver from another's power Glr. 2. fore-paw; also paw or foot in gen., e.g. foot of a cock Glr. 3. symb. num.: 2. Comp. lag-kod bundle, bunch, armful, sheaf of corn Ld. (?). lag-skdr Ld. : hand- mill. lag-Kug pouch, hand-bag Schr. lag- mgo \.lag-mgo tsam like afistGlr., or ace. to others : both hands put together in the shape of a globe or ball. 2. a glove with only a thumb, a mitten C. lag -gram leaning one's head on the hand W. lag-rgyugs railing. lag-rgyun accustomed manner, use, habit 6s lag-ndr the fore-arm Wdn. Idg-ca utensils, tools, implements; object car- ried in the hands, e.g. royal insignia at a festival procession Glr.', also in a more gen. sense, like cd-lag, Jcor-yyog Idg-ca dan beds-pa ton zig supply servants and things (wanted for the journey)! Glr. lag-cdg a broken hand, a lame hand 6s., Schr. *lag-cad* W. solemn promise by shaking or joining hands. lag-rjes 1. impression, mark, of the hand, of the fingers. 2. a work which immortalizes a person's name, lag- rjes O j6g-pa to leave such a work behind Glr. lag-nyd, one Lex. has: lag-nyds = sfer-mKan-med-par len-pa to take what is not given, hence lag-nya prob. a sbst. : a grasp, a snatch. *lag-nydr* W. for lag- nar. lag -tig (or dig?) travelling-bag, pouch Ld. lag-rtags 1. resp. pyag-rtdgs q.v., sign or mark made with the hand, as a seal of verification, impressed on a legal document, but often only with the finger dipped in ink. 2. any small object, e.g. a needle, which the deliverer of a letter has to hand over together with the letter; pre- sent in general? lag-stabs Sch. = lag- 542 'CJ' Mgs-pa len. lag-mfil the palm of the hand. lag-dam Mil, lag-ddm-po C. close-fisted. stingy, niggardly. lag-dar Lex., prob. the same as lab-ddr ( JF.col.) grater. lag- ydiib bracelet. lag-bde Mil., C., the per- son that pours out the tea at a tea-carousal. lag- don Cs. a vassal or subject paying his landlord in money or kind, opp. to rkan- ^gro who performs his services as an er- rand-goer or a porter. lag - rdum Mil having a mutilated or crippled hand. lag- Iddn having a hand or a trunk, hence = elephant, Cs. lag-brdd sign or signal made by the hand, beckoning. lag-na-rdo-rje, lag-rdor v. rdo-i'je. lag-na-yzon-fogs Cs. 'holding a basin in his hand', n. of a deity. lag-snod = lag-tig. lag-dpon work- master, overseer, esp. builder Dzl, Glr. lag-pyis a piece of cloth for wiping the hands, towel, napkin. lag-bubs v. Jbub-pa. lag- ber walking-staff. lag-mi bail, surety. lag-dmdr C. hangman. lag-btsug shoot, scion. lag-fsigs joint of the hand, wrist; elbow-joint. lag-yzuns, W. *lag-zum*, ba- lustrade, banister, railing. Idg-yyog-pa companion, assistant, associate. lag-ris the lines in the palm of the hand Sch. lag-len, resp. pyag-len, Sch. also lag-stabs, practice, practical knowledge, dexterity, Cs.: cos - kyi lag - len the practice of religion, Krims-kyi of the law, rtsis-kyi of mathe- matics. lag-subs glove. lags-pa, resp. and eleg. for yin-pa and O gyui'-ba, to be; Idgs-so like yin, as answer to a question : so it is ! yes to be sure! very well! at your service! When a Lama asks a shepherd : Uyed-kyi min ci yin what is your name? the latter answers: N. N. byd-ba lags my name, if you please, is N.N., and asks on his part : bld-ma ttyed ci skad bi/d-ba lags what may be the name of your Reverence? Mil. de Kyed lags- sam is it you, Sir? Pth.; dge-slon de su lags who is this reverend gentleman? Dzl.', ci Itar lags-pa (for gyur-pd} ysol-pa he re- ported (to Buddha) what had happened, Dzl', bld-ma-la bzugs-grogs med-pa lags- sam Mil. has your Reverence no attendant? ltd-ba ma Idgs-kyi that does not mean : to behold, but . . . Dzl; ^on-ba ci lags 'what is it that this comes here?' i.e. how does this happen to come here? Glr. ; rje ci lags what is that, Sir? (when one is surprised at any thing strange or unaccountable, at an unreasonable demand etc., also when we should say : God forbid !) Glr. ; yin lags, yda lags, yod lags there is, it is Glr. ; zal- zds ysol Idgs-nas when we shall have done dining Dzl ; a Lama asks: btsal-le (== btsal- lam] have you looked for it? and the dis- ciple answers: btsal lags yes, I have! Mil.; in addressing a person: bld-ma lags (prop.: you that are a Lama) for the mere voca- tive case, e5 ieQ6v, Mil., frq. In W. lags is not in use now (cf. however le 3), but in C. it is of frq. occurrence, e.g. in Lhasa: *la, Id-so, Id yo\ Id yin* for: yes, Sir! very well, Sir! *ld? Id-am? Id-samf* please? what did you say? lags-mo W. clean, for legs-pa. lun-ka Ceylon, lan-ka-pu-ri city of the Rakshasa in Ceylon, which island is the abode of these beings, according to the belief of many people in Tibet and northern India even at the present day; lan-kar ysegs-pai mdo the Sutra Lankciva- tdra in the Kangyur. Yg') lan(-na}-lon(-H^ weak, v e.g. from hunger, disease Ld. laii-fan, Scopolia praealta Don., a common weed with pale yellowish flowers Med.; mLIt. aspecies of Hyoscyamus, of frq. occurrence, seems to be understood by the same name. Idn-ba (pro vine, loii-bd), pf. lans, imp. lon(s), = Idan-ba, I. to rise, to get up, da Ions get up now! also with i/ai- (pleon.); lans-te sdod-pa to stand, Lt. and col ; to arise, e.g. of a contest W., C.; to go away, to depart, esp. fig., of the night: nam Idns-te at daybreak ; to come forward, to Step forth, from among the crowd Do. ; pyir Idn-ba to recover, to be restored, to grow well, to come to one's self, after a faint- 543 Idn-fso ing fit Ztei; bstdn-pai me-ro Idns-pa yin the dying embers of religion were blown into a flame again Glr. ; to appear, to break out, of a disease, nad-lans-dus when a disease is in its first beginnings Lt. II. lan-ba and lon-ba, pf. Ions to come up to, to arrive at, to be equal, to reach, O di Ion son with this it is made up, that will do C.; O drcn- gyis ma Ian lit. : the serving up (of many dishes) would not do, i.e. there would be no end of serving up Mil.; grdns-kyis lan- ba to be numerable Mil., cf. also ca (init.) and )jod-pa (extr.). ' Idii-fso youth, youthful age, de.i. Idii- fso-la ma cdgs-pas not falling in love with, not being enticed or led away by their youthful appearance Glr., Idn-fso rgyds-pas grown up to adolescence; lan-fsoi dpal the charms of youth Pth.; Idn-fso srin-moiydoii the face of the youthful Srinmo Glr.; lan- fso-can Cs. adolescent, young; lan-fso-ma girl, maiden Sb. Idn-tin-ba Sch. to be in a con- fused whirling motion (v. Ion- Ion)', lah-ma-lin Mil. seems to be a word descriptive of the rising of a cloud, of the soaring of a bird of prey, sprin-dkdr laii- ma-lin. flJff^Ct' lan-lon v. lan-na-lon-ne. ojr^gtt- lan-sor Cs. stubbornness, obstinacy, adj. lan-sor-can; sometimes lan- sor (without can) seems to be also used ad- jectively, e.g.: O dre tfyed-pas lan-sor bdg- cags yin Mil. evil passion is more obstinate (i.e. more difficult to be got rid of) than ye hobgoblins. Idd-pa Cs. weak, faint, exhausted, of men and animals; blunt, dull, of knives; Sch. also rotten, decayed. l^d-mo imitation, lad-mo byed-pa B , C., *>-&*, gyab-ce* W., to imitate, to mimic, to say after, smon-lam O di-skad bddg-gi lad-mo gyis say after me the follow- ing prayer TJigr.; ned-kyi Idd-mo Kyed-kyis mi ^on Mil. you cannot imitate me. Q^T- Ian (orig. perh. : 'turn', hence) : 1. time, times, lan-ycig 1. once, onetime. 2. also dus-lan-fcig Glr. once, one day, both as to Idn-kan the past and the future. 3. once for all, de- cidedly Glr. \. for this time, first, first of all, before all, *lan cig le-ka O di eg* this work must be done first of all; da-ldn id.; Ian ynyis twice, lan-bcu ten times etc.; Ian bdun (nam) ysumseven times or three times, frq. in rules about ceremonies; bsgor-ba Ian mdn-du byds-te circumambulating round it many times Mil. ; Ian grans dpag-tu-med- pa innumerable times Thgy.; W.: *zi Ian nyi la tsam pel* how many are 2 times 4? bzi Ian ynyis-la brgyad son 2 times 4 are 8. 2. return, retribution, retaliation, Ian byed- pa (W. *co-ce*), Ian )dl-ba to return, re- taliate, repay ; pdn-lan ynod-pas or Ugs-pai Ian nyes-pas ^dl-ba B., *pe'm-pe len-la no'- pa jM-pa* C., *pdn-pe Idn-la nod-pa co- ce* W. to return evil for good; *lan-zo co- ce W. to show gratefulness, to be grateful; punishment, . . . bciig-pas Ian dug that is the punishment for having allowed... Glr.; Ian len-pa, W.: *lan kor-ce, tdii-ce, dug-Ian Idon- ce*,to take vengeance, to revenge one's self; mig-la mig-lan so-la so-lan srog-la srog-lan eye for eye, tooth for tooth, life for life; dei Idn-la in return for that; Ian-gram a number of retributions Thgy.; drin-lan re- compense for benefits received, requital of a good action, bzan-ldn id., dei bzdn-lan- du as an acknowledgment for it Glr. ; hence nan-Ian signifies: taking revenge for an in- jury received, returning evil for evil, not as Cs. gives : bzah-lan gratefulness, nan-Ian ungratefulness (?) 3. answer, reply, Iti/odr kyi ysun-ba dei lan-du as answer to your majesty's question Glr.; Ian O debs-pa frq., also O tebs-pa, klon-pa, Idon-paDzl, W. *z&r- ce* to answer; lanysol-ba, zu-ba id. in an- swering to the questions of a person superior by rank, age or office, lanmdzdd-pa if he, the superior, answers; ytdm-lan glu-yis O jal I answer to the speech by a song Mil. ; (Iris- Ian an answer to a question, prin-lan a reply to a dispatch received, rhod-lan Cs. a defendant's reply (in law), yig-lan answer to a letter. lan -k an > Mn-gan railing, fence, enclosure %.; Lr.r.: pu-su. 544 lan-skydi lam ^-.^j^. Ian-sky dr W. prob. = Ian, retribu- tion, return, *de lan-kydr yin* that is all he has gained by it! lan-yyfy Thgy., prob. = Ian- cogs; or perh. the original form of la- yogs? lun-cdgs misfortune, adversity, ca- lamity, as a supposed punishment for what has been done in a former life; every unlucky accident, that happens to a person without his own fault, being looked upon as a retribution for former crimes. Thus lan-cags denotes about what Non-Bud- dhists would call destiny, fate, disaster. ldn-bu braid, plait, tress of hair (6s. curl, lock of hair ? Sch. pigtail?) ldn- bu sle-ba or Ihe-ba to make plaits, to plait the hair; lan-fsdr ornaments, worn in the hair Mil. Idn-fsa, more accurately lanfsa (ace. to Hodgson corrupted from X^TT) n - of a style of writing in use among Nepalese Buddhists. It is a kind of ornamental writing, used by caligraphists for inscriptions and titles of books. (jtr- jf lan-fswa salt, prob. = fswa, Idn-fsiva ' -4 cu-la tim-pa salt which dissolves in water Thgy.', lan-fswa Ka-zds kun-gyi bro- ba skyed salt gives a relish to every dish S.g. ; Idn-tswai cu salt- water Lea;.; Idn-fsiva- ba saline, briny Med. * lab-bddr v. la-bddr in la-pug. lab-pa to speak, talk, tell, mi-la ma lab do not tell anybody Mil.; rdzun- yfam lab-pa Bhot. to lie, to utter a false- hood; lab fsol-ba Sch.: 'to speak unseemly, to brawl(?)'. lab tsdm-pa Sch.: to speak while dreaming, to be delirious, lab yton- ba Cs , *lab gydb-ce* W. to talk, to chat; *kd- lab-cen* eloquent, fluent of words 6'., W 7 .; rgya-ldb a great deal of talk, rgya-ldb-can talkative C., W. Comp. ldb-ga 6s., *ldb-ca* 6'., W. talk. lab-grogs Mil. companion, intimate friend Mil. lab-rddl talking unbecomingly Sch. *ldb-ra* (prop. Idb-sgrd} 'noise of tattling', tattle, talk, *ldb-ra tdn-ce* W. to chat, babble. * lab-lob or lab-lo*, with *g'jdb-ce* to speak indistinctly, to mumble; to speak in one's sleep; *lab-lob-te dul* he walks speak- ing in his sleep, he is a somnambulist W. Idb-tse a heap of stones in which a pole with little flags is fastened, esp. on mountain passes Schl. 198. (jw- lam 1. way, road, lam-cen, rgyd-lam, stdn-lam Cs. , *md - lam* W. highway, main road, high-road; gyen-lam an up-hill road, an ascent, fur-lam a dowu-hill road, pred-lam, rtsibs-lam a horizontal or a sloping road, that leads alongside a hill, lam-prdn a narrow footpath, lam dog-mo a strait path, lam ydnspa a broad one; *lam de-mo* a good, easy road, *lam sog-po* a difficult, dangerous, road W.; lam far the road is open, may be passed, is not obstructed by snow etc. Glr.', lam byed-pa Sch., *lam co- ce, sdl-ce* W. to clear a path, to construct a road; rgya-gdr-gyi lam or rgya-gar-du O gr6-bai lam the way to India Pth. ; gri-lam the way of the knife, i.e. a cut, slit, slash; *Y- ne dud-pe lam* here is the way for the smoke, here the smoke escapes W. 2. way, space or distance travelled over, journey, Idm-du on the road, on the journey; bal- bod-kyi lam the journey from Nepal to Ti- bet Glr., Idm-du )ug-pa to set out, to travel, also: to continue one's journey, lam-pyed tsdm-du pyin-pa dan as we had done about half the way Dzl., lam-nas ldog-pa to return home from a journey, Krus-la O gro-bai Idm- du when he went to bathe Dzl. 3. rrrf7f, fig. way or manner of acting, in order to obtain a certain end ; fdr^-pai) lam the way of deliverance, viz. for Buddhists: from the cycle of transmigration s, for Christians : from sin and its consequences; hence the way to happiness, to eternal bliss. The six (some- times only five) classes of beings (v. O gro- ba) are sometimes called the six ways of re-birth within the orb of transmigration. In mystical writings lam Ina are spoken of as the ways leading to the sa bcu (q. v.) Thgy.; lam(-gyi} rim(-pa} Cs. : 'a degree of advance; the several steps towards perfec- tion'; also the title of sundry mystical writ- 545 las ings; zc'ib-lam the profound method or way, fobs-lam method of the (proper) means (uif.) Mil.; bla-mcd-rdo-i'jei lam, col. sitdgs-kyi lain denotes the Uma-doctrine or mysticism, v. dbu-ma; skyes-bu ciin-bai, Jbrin-poi, and cen-poi lam three ways : that of a natural (sinful) man, that of the more advanced believer (but not: 'the happy mean' Cs.) and that of the saint, or the walk and conver- sation of the righteous, so also in dran-sron- gi lam the saint's or hermit's course of life; dgc-ba bcui Ids-kyi lam spyod-pa to walk the way of practising the ten virtues Dzl. Comp. and deriv. Idm-ka prob. = lam, Idm-ka-na (another reading ldm-Kar\ by the road-side Dzl. lam-mtfan one well acquainted with the road, a guide Pth., also fig. lam-gol by-way, secret path Sch. lam-grogs fellow-traveller, travelling com- panion. lam-rgyiid = lam 3? lam-rgyiid lita Dzl. ?\S3, 18, the five classes of beings, cf. O yro-ba II. lam-rgyiis-pa Idm-mHan. lam- cen Schr. = rgya-ldm. lam-rtdys the signs of the way being nearly accom- plished i.e. the acquirements and perfections of a saint Mil. lam-ltar-snan something looking like a road, but a spurious, wrong way Sch. lam-stegs seat, resting-place by the way- side; also fig. Glr. lam-mdo v. mdo. lam- dren-pa, lam-snd-pa guide. ldm-pa \. police-officer stationed on high- roads for seizing thieves or fugitives ; toll- gatherer. 2. traveller, wayfarer Cs. 3. bell- wether W. Idm-po lam, lam-po-ce. \. highway Sb.; also as a place for practising magic, nif. 2. way to heaven, = * 'far-lam* W. (?) Idm-yig v. yi-ge extr. lam-log erroneous Mil. lam-sraii lane, street. pt^ lar 1. but, yet, still, however Mil, Thgy., Glr.', lar-ni and Idr-na id.; occurs scarcely any more in col. language. 2*lar* (or * la-re*) me C. none at all(?). q^i. las I. sbst., col. Ids-ka, resp. pyag-lds W. *tin-le*. 1. action, act, deed, work, biji-dor-gyi las the act of sweeping Lex. ; las- bzdn, las-dkdr a good work, virtuous action, las-nan, las -nag a bad, a wicked action, frq.; lus dan nag dan yid-kyi las actions, words, thoughts Dzl.; Ids-kyi rnam-smin re- tribution, reward or punishment for human actions, frq. (cf. las-rgyu-Jjras below); Ids- kyi me-loii mirror of fate, mirror foreshad- owing future events Glr.; Ids-kyi bum-pa a certain vessel used in religious ceremonies Schl. 248; las mazdd-pas because themeasure of his deeds was not yet full, his destiny was not yet fulfilled Dzl. ; also destination in a general sense Was. (282); Ids-kyi Ihdg- ma lus-pa des in consequence of the yet remaining rest of (unrequited) works Stg.; siion-las former action; las dban-bcos-su- med-pa Pth. an accident which cannot be prevented; performance, transaction, busi- ness, las fams-cad mis-pa one who can do or perform every thing Do.; also the func- tions of some organ of the body Lt.; work; labour, manual labour, *le-ka fob-pa* to get work; las bijcd-pa B., C., *U'-ka co-ce, tdt'i- ce* W. to do or perform a work, to work, also of things: to operate, to produce effects Wdh ; m/car-las-bt/ed-miworkmenem^\ojed in building Mil.; dur-las byed-pa to attend to the graves, i.e. to perform the sepulchral rites and ceremonies; zan-zin-las byed-pa to carry on business, to trade, to traffic Mil.; Ids-su as a task, according to one's occu- pation, trade, or business, by virtue of one's office, ex Officio (nif.) Mil; Ids-su run-bar duly, rightly, perfectly, comme ilfaut Mil. : Ids-su byd-ba v. below (extr.). 2. some- times: secular business, *le-ke ndh-na* in business-affairs, in practical life. 3. effect of actions, and in a special sense: merit, las zdd-pa the merits being over, having an end Thgy. (cf. 1, above). 4. the doctrine of works and their consequences, of retribu- tion, las mi bden that doctrine is not true Thgy. Comp. and deriv. Ids -ka \. col. work, labour, v. above. 2. Sch. and Wts.: dignity, rank, title. las-skdl retributive fate, = las-pro. Ids-mKan workman Cs. las-rgyu- Jbrds either for : las dan rgyu- bras works and their fruits (which in Thgy. are divided into bsod-nams-ma-yin-pai las-rgyu- brds sinful deeds, bsod-nams-kyi las-rgyu-Jbras 546 las virtuous actions, mi-yyo-bai las-rgyu-Jbrds ascetic or mystical works W.), or for Ids- kyi rgyu-Jbrdi'. fruits of works, retribution and the doctrine of it. Ids-sgo trading- place, emporium Glr. Ids-can \ . laborious, industrious Cs. 2. (v. above las 3) having acquired merit, worthy Mil. las-ce in C. used for expressing probability, as in W. Q gro with the gerund is used, v. O gro-ba I, 5; mtoti las-ce he will probably have seen it Mil.nt.; nas O di Jb&r las-ce as possibly I may put this yet aside; Kyod mi-la-ni min las-ce you are not Mila, are you? Mil. las fog-pa Scli.: a person employed, an official, a functionary. las-rtdgs Sch. dignity, rank, title incident to the office held. las-ddii- po-pa v. dan-po. las-ddr Sch.: 'parade, ceremonial^?) Ids-pa 1. workman, labourer Cs. 2. Sp.: vice-magistrate of a village. Ids-dpon overseer of workmen. las-spyod works, actions, way of life, byah-cub-kyi las-spyod skyed-pa to lead a holy life Pth. Ias- pr6 'continuation, prosecution of works', blessings following meritorious deeds, k'yed dan na yah snon-gyi las- pro-yod-pa yin a bond of connection is formed between you and me by the merits we acquired in former periods of life Pth. ; happiness, prosperity in consequence of good works, good luck, fortunate event, opp. to lan-cags. las-Jbrel Glr. prob. id. Ids-mi work- man. las med idle, lazy, inactive. las- fsdn i. office, post, service, las-fsdn-du jug- pa to put into office, to appoint, las-fsdn- nas Q don-pa to put out of office, to dismiss Cs. 2. official, functionary *yul-gyi le-fsen* elders of a village-community C., las-fsdn- paid. *le-lam-Kan* diligent, industrious, *le- mi-ldm-Jcan* idle, lazy W. las-su byd-ba the second case of Tibetan grammar, the dative case. II. only in B. and C.: postp. c. accus. mostly corresponding in its application to the English prepos. from, used also for ex- pressing the ablative case (having nearly the same sense as nas}: 1. from, e.g. deliver- ing from, coming from, often = through, e.g. shining into a room through the window Dzl.; to hear, get, borrow a thing from a person etc.; to call, to denominate a thing from or after, according to; fsdd-las dpdg- pa to define by or according to measure S.g.\ in quotations: O did-ba-las out of the, from the Dulva, sometimes also for: in theDulva; for denoting the material of which a thing is made: of earth, of clay etc.; partitively: O bras de-las sas fciy a part of this rice, slob- ma-las ycig one of the disciples Dzl.; nai yul-mi-lasbu-moydd-pa-rnamskhe girls that are found among my subjects Dzl., kirn-las O pdgs-pa distinguished amongst all, more ex- cellent than all the others Dzl. ; hence 2. than after the comparative degree : nd-nin- las bzafi more beautiful than last year Mil. ; with a negative: lo bcu- drug -las ma lon- te not older than sixteen years Dzl.; zld- ba liid-las mi sdod I shall not stay longer than five months Glr.^ ras-yug ycig-las mi bddg-ste possessing nothing but one sheet of cotton cloth Dzl.; nd-las med there is none besides myself Glr.; brnyas Jcyer-ba-las mi yon, in the end you will probably do nothing else but despise me Mil; in a brief mode of speaking : ysa-ycig-las rje-btsun ma mfoit we saw nothing but the leopard, your Re- verence we did not see Mil.; mi pdn-zin ynod-pa-las med it is good for nothing, it only does harm Mil. 3. added to the inf. of verbs it signifies not so much from as after, from doing, i.e. after doing, nydl-ba- las Idh-ba to rise from lying, to rise after hav- ing been lying down ; during, frq., the verbal root being repea ted, soti-son-ba-las during my going or travelling on Dzl.; ndn-du O gro- bar bsdm-pa-las when (I) intended to walk in, when (I) was on the point of walking in Dzl Ids-pa Cs. for lus-pa', in rdg-las-pa and a few other expressions occur- ring also in B. j- U I. bell-metal, li-sku, li-fdl, li-fur, li- snod an idol, a plate, spoon, vessel made of that metal; li-ma in gen.: utensil, instru- ment that is cast of U Glr. II. apple, = sli C. III. li-yul Glr., ace. to Was. (74) Bud- li-ka-ra dhist countries in northern Tibet, esp. Kho- len; ace. to others in northern India or Nepal. gy _._.-. li-ka-ra or li-Ka-ra Cs. a sort of sugar. ^-^ 7 ' ^ r - ar> d elsewh., an orange- coloured powder, ace. to Lis. f^P'^'T red lead, minium. * li-fdh Cs.: e n. of a province of Tibet near the Chinese frontier', li-fdh-pa inhabitant of that province. gj._. ii.^ squinting, squint-eyed Sch., li-ba tnig squinting eyes Sch. - li-tsa-byi n. of a noble family of an- cient India, often mentioned in the history of Buddha Dzl., Gyatch. li-yul v. li III. li-lam, Hind. ft^fT*T, ace. to Shak- speare from the Portuguese leilam, auction, public sale. c ' oves Med., C. cardamom W. *$p|" lig-bu-migSg.,Sch.: -'malachite'. tih-ga Ssk. 1. sign, mark. 2. the image of an enemy which is burnt in the sbyin-sreg in order thus to kill him by witchcraft Lt. 3. membruni virile Pth. qvr '*"** 1- ^' ' 2. Hind. liu-gol-ma a large hornet Sik. -- liti-ne dangling, waving, floating, in the wind Mil.; sprin zig lih byuh-bas a floating cloud? Mil; *lm-lm co-ce* W. to dangle, to hang dangling, e.g. on the gallows, *lih- Hit, se-ce* W. to swing, to see-saw ; rkan-Ug pro, lih-ne O duy-pa an infant struggling with hands and feet Pth. CC'E^qT lin-tdg or Iin-f6g a film or pellicle ' ' on the eye Med. lin-ba C., also lin-po or lih alone, a whole piece, lih fdg of one piece, lih bzi four pieces or parts, = rndm-pa; yser- giji lih-ba Cs. : a piece of unwrought gold ; (lai'-lih Cs. a piece of silk; lih-gis O dril-ba to pack up into a parcel, to roll up into one packet Sch. ' lin-fse gratings, lattice Cs. 547 Hit- lih v. lih-he. lihs a hunting or chase in which a number of people are engaged; dm<i<i- lihs id. (cf. Kyi-ra); byd-lins Cs. falconry, hawking; lihs-la ^gro-ba to go a shooting, a hunting; lihs O debs-pa Sch. to hunt, to ar- range a hunting party; lihs ytoh-ba to get by hunting, to hunt down, lihs btdii-ba what has been got by hunting, game shot or caught; lins-pa hunter, huntsman, lihs-pa- mo huntress Cs.; lihs-Kyi hound, lihs-Kra hunting falcon or hawk. ; lihs-skor hand-mill W. (?) Y lihs-pa Sch. : quite round or glo- bular; dkdr-por llhs-te Pth. : prob.: being quite white, cf. *ldins-se* Ld. quite. w lib, all, Ld.: *lib du-ce* to sweep all to- gether with the hands; C.: *Kd-we lib kab son* all being covered with snow. oj. lu 1. knag, knot, snag, = O dzer-pa; *lu- ^ big* knot-hole Ts. 2 num. for 86. (perh. a misspelling for luys- koh ?) crucible for gold and silver Sch. lu-gu, lug-gu, diminutive of lug, lamb, frq.; lu-gu-rgyud \ . rope to which the lambs are fastened, or strung; hence 2. small chain, e.g. watch- chain, chain or row of stitches on knitting- needles; lace-trimming and the like. prq. lu-ba 1. vb. to cough, to throw up ^ phlegm, to clear the throat. 2. sbst. the cough Cs. lu-ma Sb. pool containing a spring, ground full of springs, lu-ma-can rich in springs. lu-lu the fruit of some thorny shrubs, sib-si-lu-lu hip, fruit of the wild rose- tree, fscr-stdr-lu-lu berry of Ilippophae. lug sheep, *(/6-lug, si-lug, bsdd-lug* W. sheep for slaughter. lug-Kyu flock of sheep. lug-gu v. lu-gu. lucj-sgdl sheep's load lug-hdl-ba and hig-chh-ba names of medicinal herbs Cs., Wdh. lug- snyid Sch. wether. lug -fug ram B. 9 C.\ lug- fug -gi rwa dbyibs like a ram's horn Wdh.; rgya-ru-lug-fug a Saiga ram S.g. 35* W'TIC* 548 lug-pa lug -ton Sck. wether. lug -pa 1. sbst. shepherd, keeper of sheep Ma. 2. to stick the heads together like timid sheep, to be sheepish in behaviour Ma. lug-mig n. of a flower Med. lug-mur and lug-rtsi me- dicinal herbs. lug-tsdgs a sheep-skin with little wool on it Ld. lug-rd sheep-fold, pen, sheep-cot. lug-ru ram's horn; n. of several species of Pedicularis. *lug-log* sheep-skin Ld. II. vb., to give way, to fall down, cf. rlug-pa Ts. lugs 1 . the casting, founding, of metal, lugs-su blug-pa Glr., *lug-la lug-pa* col. 6'., to found, to cast; lugs-ma a cast, rgya-gdr lugs- ma an image (statue, idol) cast in India Glr. 2. way, manner, fashion, mode, method, bod-kyi lugs su gyis siy Glr. make it according to the fashion of Tibet; nai lugs-kyis bon byed dgos you must live according to our, i.e. the Bon-fashion Mil.; bsam-ftdn-la yod-pai lugs-su by as he feigned meditation Glr. ; di yin-pai lugs-su byed they speak, act, make it appear, as if it really were so Tar. 184, 21 ; na-rdh-gi lugs-kyi mKdr-las my way of building, what I call my style of building Mil.; opinion, view, judgment, way of proceeding, Kyed-rdh-gili<gs- la according to you, if we followed your advice Mil.; cos-lugs religion, i e. a certain system of faith and worship, pyi nanynyis cos-lugs gan bzah which of the two religions, the Brahman or the Buddhist be the better one di,-. : established manner, custom, usage, rite, cd-lugs mode of dress, fashion, cos-lugs religious rites, rgyd-lugs Chinese(or Indian) manners, bod- lugs Tibetan manners etc.; rdn-rlugs one's own way, yzdn-lugs other people's way or manners; rdn-lugs-la ynds- pa (= ran-sa Q dzin-pa) Glr.; seems to be only another expression for that Buddhist virtue of absolute indifference to all objects of the outer world; lugs is also used con- cretely, meaning the adherents of a custom or religion, hence = sect, school, religious party, denomination, mdo-lugs follower of the Sutras, the Sutra sect, snags-lugs a follower !*]* lun of the Tantras, the Tantra sect; in a spe- cial sense: lugsynyis the two principal clas- ses with regard to religious life, Q )ig-rfen- gyi lugs the laical or profane class, laymen, cos-kyi lugs the clerical or sacred class, priests 6s.; lugs-kyi that which relates to manners or morals, ethical 6s. (v. As. Res. XX, 583). 3. in conjunction with a verbal root or with the genit. of the inf. it often corresponds to the English termination ing as: Iddh-lugs the rising, getting up, c gro- lugs the going, sdod-lugs the sitting Mil., ^o-rgydl yon -lugs sogs sol - O debs - kyi zu- ba the (possibility of) getting into difficul- ties and other reasons for inducing him to postpone (his setting out) Mil.; bsam-yds bzens-lugs bris he described the building of Sam -ye Glr.; med-lugs the (circumstance of) not having Mil.; yin-lugs the condition, state Mil.; dd-lta nd-lugs ci-ltar na as to your present illness, in what does it con- sist? Mil. ; fsogs-nas skyon-bai li/gs-su yod- pa they joined in educating them, they edu- cated them together Mil.; it is also added to adjectives: ce-lugs greatness Mil. q^Tj^J'SJ" lugs-ma v. lugs 1. f^jr* I UH I- 1- a strap, slung over the shoulder ^ or round the waist, for carrying things; handle, ear (curved), of vessels, baskets etc , different from yu-ba a straight handle, hilt. 2. 'foot-stalk of fruits' Cs.; lun-fag Cs.: a rosary, string of beads, suspended by the girdle. II. Ssk. ^STTTpT, = bka, used of words spoken by secular persons commanding re- spect: pas yndn-bai lun fob-nas obtaining (his) father's word of permission Dzl , lun Jbyuii an order is issued (by the king) Glr., tu-ru-ska-la lun len dgos-pa being obliged to accept orders from the Turuskas Tar.; morefrq.: spiritual exhortation, admonition, instruction, lun yndh-ba to give it (some- times only: to pronounce forms of prayer etc. before devotees); lun ytoh-ba id., *luii tan-Ken* instructor, teacher, admonisher 6'.; lun ston-pa, also lun-du ston-pa to instruct, to give spiritual precepts, also with regard lun-fdg to supernatural voices etc. Mil.; esp. to pro- phesy, predict, to reveal secrets, with terrain. : dd-na-sl-la yin-par lun bstan it is prophe- sied that it is Danasila, the prediction re- lates to D., sans-rgyds-su lun-bstan-to he has received a prediction concerning (his obtaining) the Buddhaship DzL; mdan mkd- O pros lun -bstan -pai skyes-bu de the man foreshown yesterday by the Dakini Mil, hence lim-ma-bstan-pa unheard of, unpre- cedented Mil. nt. (Cs. also: to demonstrate, lun-du brtdn-du yod-pa demonstrable?); lun ^od-pa Cs. to make, to establish, pre- cepts; lun Q dren-pa Cs. to cite, to quote, an authority Tar. 210, 2; lun-gi rjes-Jbrdn Was. (274) those who stick to the letter (opp. to rigs-Kyi rjes-brdn to the real quality, viz. the spirit); lun-bstdn exhortation, pre- cept, commandment, lhai lun-bstdn bsdd-pa to communicate the precept of the god Tar., . . . zes byd-bai lun-bstdn byun there came a divine order or prophecy of this purport, to this effect; hence lun-ston-pa prophet Chr. Prot, ft]C^pr lun-fdg v. above lun I. lun-pa 1. valley, ri-lun mountain and valley; lun-cen a large valley, lun- cun or luii-prdn a little valley ; luii-Kog Sch. : 'the cavity of the valley'; lun-ston a desolate, a solitary valley, as a fit abode for hermits, frq. 2. furrow, hollow, groove, e.g. on the surface of a stick Mil., of the liver Med. QTJ-. lud manure, dung, lug-lud sheep's dung; ^ ' lud ^rem-pa to spread manure (on fields) 6s., lud O dren-pa to carry manure (to the fields) 6s., *gydb-ce, tdb-ce, tdn-ce* W. to manure the ground; lud-Ku dung- water; lud-don dung-hole; lud-pun dung- hill; lud-Jbu grubs etc. in a dung-hill. lud-pa 1. sbst. phlegm, mucus, rnag- Krdg - gi lud -pas bkan-ste full of phlegm, matter and blood Glr. ; esp. in the organs of respiration : lud-pa cig bskyur-bas throwing up some phlegm Glr.; lud-pa lu- ba to throw up by coughing DzL, sbrid-pa by sneezing S.g.; lud-por spittoon, spitting- box 6. 2. vb., to boil over cu lud- pas 549 the water boiling over DzL; mfso lud-pa the running over of lakes, inundation Ma.', cu lud-nas lud-nas bkdit-ba yin it filled, by the water rising higher and higher. lums a bath used as a medical cure; fomentation. te-M> lum-bi-ni, n. of a queen , and of a grove called after her, situated in the north of India, where Buddha is said to have been born. lus, also lus-po, body, lus sd-la brddb- pa to prostrate one's self, frq., lus ston-pa to show one's self, to appear, to make one's self visible, as gods DzL, and in a similar manner lus is often used for ex- pressing our reflective verbs, when relat- ing to physical processes, cf. sems; lus-kyi dbdn-po the sense of feeling, in as far as it resides in the skin and the whole body of man Med.] rgydl-poiydun-brgyud (or rgyal- bu) lus -la yod I bear a prince under my bosom Glr. ; lus smdd-pa to violate, to rav- ish Pth.', lus O grub-pai fog -ma the begin- ning of the development of a body as em- bryo Wdn.; grub-pa lus v. grub-pa; lus-la cdgs - sin from love of life DzL ; lus dan srdg-la sdo-ba to risk or stake one's life DzL', mi-lus fob-pa or bldn-ba to be born as a human being, lus-ndn (to be born) as an animal, or also as a woman Mil.; often for the whole person of a man : brdn- gyi lus kyan dpon-du <gyur even a servant may become a master S.g.; lus-kyis mi bzod-par nya-ndn-'gyis yduhs-te is used (DzL ?&?, 3) of an exclusively mental suf- fering or infirmity. In mysticism and speculative science several expressions are employed which, however, do not differ much in their import: sgyu-lus, Jjd-lus, bde-^ro mfo-ris-kyi lus; rig-pa O dzin-pai lus (Tar. 56, 20), yid-kyi lus (frq.), f^r^r^T, the immaterial body which is enclosed in the grosser material frame, accompanying the soul in all its transmigrations and not de- stroyed by death (Kopp. I., 66), yid-kyi lus might be rendered by 'spiritual body'; an- other explanation given by Lamas is: the 550 body which exists only in our imagination ; in that case it would be identical with Comp. lus-ryydys a fat body 6s., lus-iid a mean, thin, lean body, lus- shorn a thick stout figure, lus-nii a long tall body, lus- fuii a short body C's. lus-can having a body, hence as sbst. = sems-can creature, being, lus-can kun-yyiyid-du^oii a favourite of every creature Sty. lus - stod upper part of the body, lus-smdd lower part of the body. lus-boiis the bulk of a body. lus-bydd form of the body. lus-med hav- ing no body, incorporeal, ghostlike, ghostly, lus-med-pai skad a ghostly voice Mil. lus-smdd v. lus-stod. lus-zuns v. sub yzuns. ry lus-pa, C. also Ids -pa, to remain behind or at home, bod-du zld-ba ynyis to remain in Tibet for two months Glr. ; to be remaining or left Dzl ; to be for- gotten, omitted, left behind ; yyen-du lus-pa to remain uppermost, floating to remain standing, sitting, lying, e.g. *Ka lus-sa mi dug* W. the snow does not remain, will soon melt away; lus -par byed-pa Pth., lus-su O juy-pa, *lus cuy-ce* Ld. to leave behind, to leave a remainder ; ma-lus-par entirely, wholly, without remainder, without excep- tion, O yro-ba ma -lus or mi -lus Mng., all creatures without exception; md- lus -par prob. also: surely, undoubtedly, at any rate, in any case, ni f. lus-ma, r)es-lus, pyir- lus, Ihdy-lus Cs. remainder, balance, residue. (-M- le 1. a small not cultivated river-island C., = yliii-ka and zal. 2. v. leu. 3. W. a word expressive of civility and re- spect, and added to other words or sen- tences, like Sir! and Madam! in English, *zu-le* good day, Sir! it is also added to the word sa-heb gentleman, and then sa-heb-le is about equivalent to: honoured Sir, dear Sir. 4. num.: 16. le-brgan,lcb-rgdn \.Med. frq., Lea. = <n; saffron, whereas Cs. has: 'poppy, le-brgan-rtsi the juice of poppies, opium, le-brydn-yhi me- toy the poppy flower, le-bryan-yhi O brds-bu poppy-seed', and Sch. adds : le-bryan-iinli'xj poppy-coloured, light-red, and he translates also lc-brydn Dzl. \SV V , 1, by 'poppy-colour- ed', although it is mentioned there amongst various species of Lotus. But in W. poppy and opium are usually called by the Hindi name ^r, pirn; neither in W. nor in Sik. did I meet with any body, who knew the significations given by Cs. and Sch , but only: 2. diapered design of woven fabrics; thus also Mil.: le-brydn dm'ir-poi ydan a flowered carpet, le-brgdn jol-ber Pth. a flowered dress with a train. ^~ na ^ ne s ft downy wool of goats (esp. those of Jangthang) below the long hair, the shawl wool ; fine woolen-cloth. le-ma v. leu. le-ldy appendix, supplement, addition Cs. te-Mn Cs.: consequence; Sch.: re- buke, reprimand, reproof, and le- Idn-pa, le-ldn bdd-ba to blame, rebuke, re- prove; le-ldn-can Cs. consequential, im- portant (?). \.Ias-ldm-mKan. le-lo, U-lo-nyid indolence, laziness, tardiness, le-lo ma byed ciy don't be lazy! Glr.; ycig le-lo byds-nas as one (of them) had been lazy Dzl.; le-los Jlyer he is overcome by laziness Mil.; le-loi rjts-su O gro-ba to be given to laziness Ld.-Glr.; U-lo-caii lazy, indolent, slothful. *le-so* W. = le-lo. tegs-pa B-, legs-po and -mo C. (cf. also no. 3) 1. good, serving the purpose, with regard to things; adv. legs- par well, duly, properly, leys-par O fsol-ba to search, to investigate accurately G!r.\ bsii-ba legs-po yyis do care for a proper re- ception! G/r.', legs-par gyur ciy (Schr. adds Kyed-la) may you prosper! Sch., legs -par ^dns-so you are welcome Sch.; happy, com- fortable, bdag legs-na when I am well off (opp. to nyes-na) Do.; leys nycs ston-pai me-lotl mirror of fate, of the future Glr.; /o(-%) leys(-pa) B., *lo lay-mo* W., a rich, healthy, happy year; ci Itar byds-na legs which is the best way of doing it? Glr., ten-pa Sf 551 Tar. ; sems-can mis byds-na legs-pa gah yin whicli of the actions of human beings are good (in this connection it is nearly the same as bzdn-po, morally good); legs is also used in politely hinting or requesting, like the English 'you had better': Kyod pyin - pa legs(-so) G/r., and still more polite : ysegs- par legs your Highness had perhaps better go etc. PtJi ; nus-na sin-tu legs -so if you can do it, very well! Dzl. ; also legs-so alone, very well! well done! legs -so legs -so ex- cellent ! capital ! 2. neat, elegant, grace- ful, beautiful C. 3. *ldg-mo* W. good, due, and adv. well, duly, properly, like legs-par (v. above), e.g. *me lag-mo Jbar O dug* the fire burns well, *le-ka lag-mo cos* you have worked well; but most frq.: clean, pure, dear, *cu fag-mo* pure or clear water (opp. to rtsog -pa); fine, of powder, <= zib-mo; * lag -mo co-ce* to clean, clear, wash, wipe, sweep etc.; to reduce to fine powder, to pulverize. Comp. legs-can Sch., legs-lddn Cs. vir- tuous (?). legs-byds, resp. legs-mdzdd good deed, good work Cs. legs-sbydr, ^r^frf, well constructed, skilfully arranged, high- wrought, hence: the Sanskrit language. legs-smon patron, protector, well-wisher, con- gratulator Cs. legs - bsad a remarkable say ing, a sententious rein ark .MY., two works, called after their authors gon-dkdr and sa- skya-legs-bsdd, are recommended to students of the language. legs-ysol resp. thanks, acknowledgment, gratitude C. (My-- Un-pa (rarely loh-ba, Ion -pa), pf. blons (rarely Ions), fut. blan, imp. Ion Cs., hn(s) Dzl, Mil., blans Cs., W.: *len-ce, nen-ce, bldn-ce* to take, i. e. 1 . to receive, get, obtain, ynas-ndn an inferior place viz. for being re-born Thgy. 2. to accept, what is offered or given, opp. to O dor-ba; also to bear, to suffer patiently, to put up with. 3. to seize, catch, lay hold of, grasp, e.g. one that is about to leap into the water Dzl. ; to catch up; to catch, to take prisoner, a cul- prit Dzl. ; to carry off , e. g. the arms of killed enemies; ma byin-par to take what is not given, to steal, to rob'; len-pa- Q dra it is as if it had been stolen from me Glr.; cuii-ma Un-pa to get or take a wife, frq., also to procure one for another person ; srog Un-pa O pr6g-pa to deprive of life, to kill Mitg.; to fetch, len-du(W. *len-na-Ia*) son go and fetch it! to take possession of, to oc- cupy (by force of arms) Glr. qq*f leb-mo (^s. also Ub -po) flat, mon- srdn Ub-mo Indian pease are flat, lenticular; Ub-can, leb-leb id. col., *lcb-leb- la for* lay it down flat! leb-ma, leb-fdgs lace, bandage, ribbon Cs., dar-skud-kyi leb- fdgs lace of silk thread ; bhag-leb a flat loaf of bread C.; sin-leb, leb-sin board, plank, rdo-leb a slab, cf. gleb-pa. ojq^ leu division, section of a speech, of a ^ treatise, of a book, chapter, of very different length; leu-can Cs., leur byds-pa Zam. having sections or chapters, being di- vided into chapters; abbreviated le, bsags- le dan ser-le cad-pa yin the chapters (treat- ing) of the confession of sins and of wis- dom are wanting Tar.; le-ma Cs., le-fsdn Sch. id. fir lo 1. year (resp. dguh-lo, v. dgun), lo Ina-bcu-pa Ma. usually lo Ina-bcu Ion- pa (W. *lon-fcan*) fifty years old, of fifty years; bu-mo lo-ynyis-ma a girl two years old Ma.; lo dans lo, lo-re (-re) -bzin, 16-ltar (Sch. also bstdr!) annually, yearly; 16-nas 16- ru from year to year; snd-lo, Q dds-lo last year; O di-lo, usually *dd-lo*, this year; pyi- lo, C. sdn-lo next year; lo Jcor-te after one year had passed, srds-kyis lo Kor-te when the prince was one year oldGfr. ; the names of the twelve years of the small cycle (v. below) are those of the following twelve animals : byi mouse, glan ox, stag tiger, yos hare, O brug dragon, sbrul serpent, rta horse, lug sheep, spre ape, bya hen, kyi dog, pag hog; thus the first year is called byi-lo the mouse-year, and byi-lo-pa is a person born in that year etc. 2. for lo - tog, v. the compounds; for Id-ma leaf, for U-tsa-ba. 3. prob. : talk, report, rumour, saying, added (like skad) to the word or sentence to which it belongs, ce-ge-mo si lo zcr-ba fos tsd-na when a rumour is heard, that N.N. has died 552 Sf lo Ug-pa Tlifjy.\W.:*da Jam far /o*they say the road is open now; also with a definitive subject: *' a-ce'ku-lig ton lo* the mistress asks for the key ; *Ko kom-se rag Jo* he says he is thirsty (yet also in these cases a speaking on hear- say may be meant: somebody tells me that Mrs. N.N. asks for etc.); *fsor-Jo* report, rumour W., also *f6n-lo* and *lob (?)-fo* are said to have a similar signification; *se-to* and *rig-lo* W. are expressions of which I cannot give a satisfactory explanation; bsdd- lo byas kyah krdm-payin 3M.,prob.: though he may get a name (in the world) by his learned discussions, he is after all a liar. lo 3 prob. occurs only in col. language and more recent pop. literature; DzL ?yv, 17 lo is a corrupt reading for ysol. 4. num.: 146. Comp. lo-skor (Cs. also lo-lfor*) cycle of years, a period of twelve years; it is the usual manner of determining the exact time of an event, which also tolerably well suf- fices for the short space of a man's life. If for instance a person in a dog-year (e. g. 1874) says that he is a byi-lo-pa, it may be guessed by his appearance, whether he is 10 or 22, 34, 46 etc. years old, and thus also in other cases accidental circumstances must help to determine the precise date of an event. Occasionally, however, the cycles are counted, e.g. lo-skor brgyad 96 years Glr. Besides this cycle of 12 years there exists another of 60 years which is formed (in imitation of Chinese chronology) by combining those 12 names of animals with the names of the (so called) five elements, sin wood, me fire, sa earth, Icags iron, cu water. Each of these elements is named twice, followed, the first time by po, and the second by mo; which signs of gender may also be omitted without altering any thing in the matter. Thus sin^-po^-Kyi-lo, sin (-mo)-pag- lo , me (-pcty-byi-lo , me (-TWO)- glan-lo are our years 1834, 35, 36, 37, and 1894, 95, 96, 97 etc. lo-H-rims (v. lo-fog- gi Jcrims) ceremonies, at the beginning of harvest. lo-grdiis prop, date (of tn"e year), Sch. also: lo-grdiis fsdfi-ma being of (full) age. lo-mgo Cs. the beginning of a year, new-year's day. lo-rgyiis v. rgyus. lo- ndn a bad year, a poor harvest. lo-cdg Cs. 'every second year'. lo-ciifi or nyun C. young, lo-nyun-nyun very young. lo- nyes = lo-ndn. lo-snyih Sch. 'year, pe- riod or stage of life' (?). lo-tog or -fog the produce of the year, harvest, crop, lo- tog rhd-ba to reap it, to gather it in. lo- fo almanac. lo- dod Mil. earthly-minded, sinner? lo-dpyd annual tribute. *lo- pa* = srus-pud, C. lo-pydg (Ld. *lob- cay*) embassy sent every year to the king to renew the oath of allegiance. lo-pyed half a year. lo-fsdn annual produce, har- vest, lo-fsan ce-ba a rich, abundant harvest Glr. lo-legs v. legs-pa. lo-bsdd = lo- fo Cs. lo - yseb Sch. a stack, a heap of corn (?). 16-ka Ssk. world, lo-ke-sica-ra = ^j^- " lo-fog, or lo-tog, v. 70, compounds. lo- ddb v. 16-ma. 16-ma, W. *lob-ma*, leaf, 16-ma Ihun, brul B., C., *lob-ma dil or t/ul soti* W. the leaves have fallen; *lob-ma id-mo* an acerose or pine-leaf; lo- ddb 16-ma. lo-tsa, lo-tsd (v. Ssk. qfj-c^ to speak ?) the (art of) translating, sgra dan 16-tsa slob-pa to learn the lan- guage and the (art of) translating Glr.; also 16-tsa sgyiir-ba to translate Pth.; lo-ta-ba translator (of Buddhist works) lo-cen great translator, seems to be a certain title; lo- pdn for lo-tsa-ba dan pdndi-ta. . U-li-ma Ld. (Urd. J^S) prostitute, harlot. * I6g-ge-ba seems to be nearly the same as log-pa adj , fe-fsom log- ge-bai nan-la prob. : entertaining irrational doubts or scruples; ban -rim I6g-ge-ba an inverted ban-rim q. v. ; I6g-ge-ba-la Kyer he took it back again Mil. log-pa I. vb., pf. and secondary form of Id6g-pa, q.v., 1. to return, to go back, yid-du Glr.; *nam Ug-tc ca duff U'., *nam log-ne (16-gyu yin* C. when will you logs 553 return ? %-pa O fad Glr., log-la O d6d-do Glr. let us turn back, jo^/r Ug-pai lam the way back. 2. to come back, to. come again. 3. to turn round, to be turned upside down, to tumble down W., e.g. of a pile of wood etc.; no log-pa or ldog-pa to turn away one's face, always used fig. for to turn one's back on, to apostatize Jtor-bai yul no-ldoq-na if you mean to turn your back to the land of the cycle of existences, more frq. : log -pa byed-pa to revolt, to rebel, Ug-pa rtsom-pa to plot, to stir up, an insurrection Glr., Idg- pa-mKan a rebel Glr.] * log-pa-can* rebel- lious, seditious W. II. adj. reversed, inverted; irrational, wrong, log-pai lam, lam Ug-pa Mil. a wrong way; log-pa-la zugs-pa ('to rush into error, to turn to what is wrong?'), also euphemism for to fornicate Stg.; lta-(ba)- log(-pa) v. ltd-ba; cos-log a wrong faith, false doctrine, heresy; ffrwa-ldg, jo-log col. an apostate monk or nun; log -par and (col.) log adv. wrong, amiss, erroneously, log-par sem-pa to think evil, to have suspicions (about a thing), often = Ita-log skyed-pa to sin; frq.: *log O dren- pa* to mislead, seduce /?.; *log yon-ce* W. to come back, to return, * si-log yon-ce* to recover life, to revive (after having been nearly lifeless), to rise from the dead, prob. also: to appear as a ghost W.', *nad log- gydb tan* W. the disease has become worse again, there has been a relapse; *la-log (bla- log) po-ce* W. to turn, e.g. the roast; *cud log tan-ce* v. ycud. Comp. log-cos Ma. = cos-log. log-rings wrong judgment, false knowledge. log- Ita = Ita-log, v. ltd-ba log-spyod, Lt. : log- spyod nan-pa perverse conduct, a sinful life. I6g- fso with sgrub-pa to live in a sinful manner, as much as : to live by crime, by vice Mil. logs 1 . side, rtsig-logs the side of a wall, mdun-logs fore-side, front-side, rgydb-logs back, back part of a thing; logs- re 1. side-post of a door (opp. to yd- and md-re). 2. each side (v. re 3); logs-bzdn the right or upper side, logs-nan the left or lower side (of a cloth) 6s. ; surface, sai of the earth ; side, direction, region, rkdn-pai-logs-nas from the part of the feet, up from the feet (e.g. a pain in the body proceeding up from the feet) Sch,; yyas-logs the right side, y yon- logs the left side, frq.; fsu^-Iogs this side, on this side, pd(i*}-logs the other side, on the other side ; logs-su, logs-la aside, apart, *zdg-pa* C. to lay by, to put aside, to put out of the way, to clear away, logs-su dgdr- ba, bkdr-ba means about the same; logs-sit bkdl-ba to hang aside, to hang up in another place; logs-na yod-pa to be distinct, separate, to live by one's self, solitarily Schf., Tar. 45, 18; logs-pa other, additional, by-, co-, spare-, rgyags logs-pa spare-provision, so also logs ycig: fdg-pai sne-mo logs ycig the other end of a rope. 2. wall, *log-zdl* W. id.; logs-bris mural or fresco painting Tar. 0^-' Ion 1 . leisure, spare-time, vacant time, time, Ion, yod-du re-la ndm-zla O das whilst you are always hoping to have (still) time (enough), you allowthe favourable mo- ment to pass away Mil.; similarly: Ion yod snyam-la mi-fse zad Mil.', sdod-pai Ion med- par without delay, immediately, directly Glr.; *na yon-Ion med* C., W. I have not time to come; *peb-lonyod-na* if your honour have time to come 6', W.\ rdeg-lon yoit-bas as there will be yet plenty of time to beat (me, you had better hear me now) Mil. ; lon-ytam Scli. : 'cheerful talk, animated con- versation'. 2. imp. of lan-ba and len-pa. ajtm' Sfc'pT ^r'^'lon-ka, hn-lca, loii- I ga Med. intestines, entrails, guts; strictly taken itis said to denote only the blind gut(?); ydr-'oit, mdr-lon < '*.: the upper gut, the lower gut or thin guts, thick guts; lon-ndd a disease of the guts. gfrn' ion-ba 1 . pf . and secondary form of Idon-ba, as vb.: to be blind, and fig.: to be infatuated; as adj.: blind, blinded etc., as sbst. : blind man Dzl. lon-Brid(oT Krid- pa) the guide of a blind man Lex. ; lo/t-po, (6n-ba-po a blind man 6s.; *nye-loii* W. an empty ear of corn, a tare. 2. also Ions- pa, Itn-pa Glr. or lan-ba 1 , 2 Glr. ldn-bu Stg , Ion-mo Mil. ankle-bone, 554 * Ion-Ion la T" Ion-Ion being in pieces, in frag- ments 6'., cf. bun-Ion. fa'' 8 , 1- pf- an d i m P- f lo/i-ba. 2. in conjunction with spijod-pa: to use, to make use of, to have the use or benefit of, to enjoy, e.g. bde-ba dan skyid-pa-la happiness and prosperity; lon-spyod-par byd-bai rgyu the object of enjoyment, the thing enjoyed Stg.; lons-spyod (Ssk. ^fl) 1. enjoyment, fruition, use, esp. with regard to eating and drinking, lons-spyod sd-Ja bijed they fed on meat, lons-spyod sin de-las byed they lived on (the fruits of) this tree Pth. 2. plenty, abundance, bza-bfiih-gi lons-spyod dpag-tu-med-pa bsag G-lr. they produced or procured an enormous quantity of food and drink ; esp. : riches, lons-spyod ce-ba great riches; wealth, property, Uiis-spyod-kyibddg- por gyur he became owner of the property DzL; m cod-pa byd-bai /6/ts-spyod med he was not rich enough to bring an offering (to Buddha) DzL 0^'T 5 0^*f Idd-pa, Ud-po, v. lhod-pa. Md-po Sch.'. 'half through, through the middle, one half (?)'. 8jgr fon notice, tidings, message, Jon-bzdii good news, sprih-ba to give notice, send word, send a message ; Ion kyur or Ion zer has also the special sense: send in my name! 6'.; Ion zig Kyer-la sog let me know, send me w r ord Pth. ur'n* n-pa = Un-pa 1 . to take, to receive etc. Glr., Pth., cu lon-nam have you fetched the water? i. e. are you bringing the water? Pth.; nor-bu mi Ion I shall not receive the jewel! Pth. 2. more frq. the word is used with reference to time: to elapse, to pass, a. in a general sense, lo mdn-po zig Ion-pa dan after many years had elapsed Dz/.j rin-zig lon-te after a long time, rin- por ma Ion-par after a short time. b. with regard to the age of a person: lo ci tsam Ion how old are you? bcu-drug-lon I am six- teen Mil. grrj- lob W. sometimes for lo year, and lob- ma for 16-ma leaf. lob-pa, pf., imp. lobs, to learn, rarely for slob -pa] lobs-pa the act of learning DzL /os, in truth, indeed, mgon-skyabs ran los yin he is indeed the helper (from a hymn in praise of Buddha). n 1. the letter sa, the English sh, but pa- ' latal ; in C. it is distinguished from (^ (za~) only by the following vowel being sounded in the high tone. 2. num. : 27. n- sa I. 1. flesh, meat, yydg-sa yak's flesh, ' lug-sa mutton; sa O fsod-pa ( W. *tso-ce*) to boil meat; sa rhod-pa (W. *no-ce, srdg- ce* or */dm-ce*) to roast meat ; ( pyi-sa out- ward flesh, ndh-sa or ndn-ca inward flesh, or the entrails' 6s.(?) ; sd-nas cdd-pai bu G/r. the child of rny own flesh and blood; sa J, : rig-pa sexual instinct; *'d-pe$a, 'd-me sa* in W. a vulgar form of attestation ; surface Of the body, iiai ri-mo spots, stripes etc. on the skin (of an animal) Tar. 2. muscle, nu-sa thoracic muscle Mhg. 2. for sa-K6g v. compounds. II. v. sd-ba and sa-mo. Comp. sa-bkra n. of a cutaneous disease Med. sa-skdm meat dried in the sun. sa-Kdn larder; butcher's stall. sa-fcu broth. sa-K6g the body of a slaughtered animal, 555 sa-na witliout the skin, head, and entrails, ce-sa of a large cun-sa of a small animal. sa-Krdg flesh and blood, metou. 1. for body, sa-Krdg fsdl-ba a sound body Mil. 2. for: children born of the same parents Cs. - sa-rgydgs fat meat. *sa-cug* (sa bcurf) meat cut into strips and hung up to dry in the sun W., C. (Hook. II, 183). sa-rjen raw meat. sa-n>jdgSch. : 'soup with greens in it'. sa-rnyifi old meat. sa-mdog colour of the skin, complexion Dzl. and elsewh. sa-mdog-log-pa Cs.: erysipelas, St. Anthony's fire ? sa-ndg the lean of meat 6s. sa- ndd a certain disease/^. *sd-na* (\it.-sna) W. ardour, zeal? sd-spu feathers, downs. - *sa-spin* meat boiled down to jelly W. sa- prdg Mil.? *sd-bhag -leb* a sort of pie baked in oil C. sa-bo sheep, cattle or other animals destined for slaughter Mil. nt. sd- bu a maggot. **a-bur* W. boil, abscess, ulcer; Sch.: mark leftby alash, weal. - *sa-cU* rice boiled with small pieces of meat 6'. sa-sbrdit flesh-fly, blue-bottle-fly. sa-rmcn fleshy excrescence, a little lump in the muscular flesh. sa - btsos boiled meat. sa-fsd 1. hot meat. 2. friend Pth., S.g., sa-fsa-can amicable, attached W. sa-fsdn dmdr-po Sch.: 'a tumour resembling a weal or a wart'. sa-tsil the fat of flesh. sd-fsoii-pa butcher, dealer in meat. sa- Q dzin i. a hook for taking meat out of a kettle 6'., W. 2. the fork of Europeans. sa-^dzer wart. sa-zd, sa-zdn 1. prop.: flesh-eater, carnivorous animal. 2. gen.: a class of demons, described as fierce and malign an t,/S's. finr 1 ^- sa-zug, sa-yzug = zug 2. - sa-rdg dried apricots, with little pulp, and almost as hard as stone. sa- rid lean flesh. so-ril 1. little meat-pies. 2. v. xa-ba. sa-rug sauce, gravy C. a- rul putrid meat. sa-ro a disease Wdn., is said to be an induration of the skin, callus, or perh. scirrhus'. sa-rlon fresh meat, raw meat, m-ysdr flesh of an animal that has just been killed. n' swa 1. Dzl. ?y v , 1. Sch.: high water, * flood, inundation. 2. Lt. : a certain hereditary disease or infirmity? na-Jfa some kind of game (?) Wdn. jj'rn'tt' sa-ka-ma, Ka-ce sa-ka-ma saffron C. sa-kar Cs. a kind of sugar. resentment, hatred. n-m' sd-kya Ssk., pod-pa Tib., the mighty, o| ^ the powerful, the bold, n. of the family of Buddha, the founder of the Buddhist religion, and hence often n. of Buddha him- self, also sa-kya-fub-pa (Mil. rather boldly abbreviates it into suk-fub\ sa-kija-mu-ni, sd-kya-seii-ge. .' sa-dkdr \. ysa-dkar. *' a ~ s ^ a '^ ^ ie Cawing or croaking of ravens W. rr%r sa-skyo Mtig.f perh. dough mixed with " meat. sa- ka-ma and sa-ka-ra. sa-Kug Sch. a small bag or purse. -Kyi Sch. a shaggy dog, a poodle. sa-Jlon v. sa-kon. ' sa-gos, col. for sam-gos. sa-nydm(s) Lex., as explanation oidbalf m-sta, = klu Wdn. * sd-stag 1. also sa-dag mere, merely, only, fyeu sd-dag btsds-te only sons being born Dzl.; mi dbul- pons-pa sd-stag- ste as they are all of them poor people Dzl.; bden-pa-mfoit-ba sd-stag-tu gyiir-to they all come to the knowledge of the truth Tar. 2. Ld. for (rtai)Mm(-la')-bta(/s(-pa) a pack, a bundle, fastened to the saddle be- hind the rider, *sd-stag-la Kol or rd fo/'e* tie it up, fasten it behind! sd-di Ld., Pur. ape, monkey. sa-na 1. Sd: ^JTJT hemp, ('&.: flax, M- n-j- ' nai ras Stg., Sch. : 'fine linen', sd-nai 556 f/os a garment made of fine linen. 2. v. sd-sna, sub sa. sd-pos a thick blanket Ld. - *,/rn* sd-ba, swa-ba Cs. W., G'., 1?. a < hart, a stag, col. usually *sa- wa-ra-cu or m-cw*; sa-j90 the male animal, sd-mo the hind, roe, sa-prug a young deer, fawn; cf. Jca-sica. sa-ma 1. after-birth, placenta. 2. an ordinary coat made of cloth which has not been napped W. sa-mi-lig parsley Ld sd-mo C., B. (W. *moa-sa*) mush- room ; the various species of fungus receive their appellations from their colour (dkar-sd, nay-sa, smug-sa, ser-sa) or from the place where they grow (klut'ts-sa, cu- sa, lud-sa, sin-say, the damp climate of Sikkim produces moreover *so-ke, Kd-wa and de-mo (sgre-mo) -sa-^io*, etc. Cs. has also sa-man, a thick kind of mushroom. T*:3f ^' sa-ra so-re (cf yser-pa) W. moist. sd-vi-ka Ssk. n of a bird, Gracula religiosa; a species of jay. - sd-ni-bu, i|jf< i| ^, n. of one of the two principal disciples of Buddha. sd-i*u 1. hartshorn Mcd. 2. n. of a vein Med. /T^-m- o| ' m-l6g warped, oblique, aslant W. ^nrmr' sdk-ti Ssk.: spear, lance, pike, sword, ' Cs. also trident; Dzl. rrm' *'</, in sag-ter-gds it broke, it burst ' asunder Sch. nrn-^r sdg-ma 1 . C. small stones or peb- bles, gravel, sdg-ma-can gravelly, sag-fan a plain abounding with gravel. 2. W. pebble, sag-rdd rocky ground, covered with a thin layer of mould which only by dint of much irrigation will yield a scanty produce; sag-rug gravel, sdg-sa earth mixed up with pebbles, stony, sterile ground. sags 1. joke, jest, fun, sags ce-ba byed- pa to rally maliciously, to turn into ridicule with sarcasms Glr.; nan-sags Mil. a bad joke; Ka-sdgs v. Ka. 2. cause of a i-Yia contention, object of a dispute or a quarrel, matter in dispute Mil.; quarrel, dispute, con- tention, in gen., *sag gydg-pa* C. to fight, to quarrel, to dispute. sail v. san. k&l-ce*, san- rig v. ycan-po; *san-ldg* a kind of fur, perh. for sbyafi-sldg fur-coat of wolfs skin Lh. san-ldn sabre, sword Pth. sari-saii a fabulous creature with wings and bird's feet, but other- wise like a human being; sait-san-feu Cs : pheasant or partridge (gftcrsifa). sa>?s, resp. for sna, the nose, sans- rgyud Pth., sans -sna id.; sans-kith nostril, sans-rtse tip of the nose. ^qr w sad 1. the mark of punctuation : |, also rkyan-sdd or cig-sdd; it is a diacritical sign of about the value of our comma or semicolon; nyis-sdd the double shad, ||, dividing sentences, or, in metrical compo- sitions, verses; bzi-sdd the fourfold shad, ||||, at the end of sections and chapters; fseg-sdd the dotted shad (|), an ornamental form of the ordinary shad, always made use of, when a shad is to be put after the first syllable of a line; sad byed-pa Lex., O f en-pa Sch., to make a shad. 2. v. the following article. pa,ysod-pa Cs. \ . to comb, to curry, (a horse), also sad rgydg- pa. 2. to brush, to stroke, to rub gently with the hand W.-, sdd-ma Sch. curry-comb, horse-comb; *sin-se* a wooden rake, *cdg- se'* an iron rake 6'. ng san 1 . iron hoop of a barrel Cs. 2. ' small boat, *shn-pa* ferry-man C. 3. snow-leopard W. (cf. ysd). 4. difference, distinction, san O byed-pa to distinguish, de- cide, determine Mil. and elsewh , yzan-yyis san mi byed-pas as nobody else is able to decide it Glr. ; skad-ynyis-san-sbyor is said to be the title of a certain dictionary. sdn-Ua 1. Oblique W., *sdn-K-a-la(le- ce* to cut off obliquely ; san-fer id., 557 sn-pa *lam san-fer-la ca dug* the road has an oblique direction. 2. C. : place of passing over a river. sdn-pa 1. also bsan-pa, slaughterer, butcher Glr., sometimes also hang- man; sdn-Kan slaughter-house, butcher's shop, sdn-gri butcher's knife, san-grib pol- lution by the sin of slaughtering an animal. 2. master or rower of a boat, boatman. n*v nry sab-sub 1. W. whispering, *sab-sub NJ tdn-cc, zer-ce* to whisper. 2. also sab-sob lie, falsehood, sab-sob byed-pa to lie, to cheat; sab-siib-can deceitful, frau- dulent, crafty. j. sain, ysam the lower part of a thing, e.g. of a country, sdm-pa a lowlander (opp. to yzuii-pa and stod-pa); ysdm-du adv. and postp. below, at foot, rdn-leui sdm-du O cad they will be treated of in their respective chapters Lt.; del sdm-du under it, underneath (eg. to write); sam-gos, sam-fdbs, resp. sku-sdm a garment like a petticoat, worn by Tibetan priests and mouks. ^J'^' sdm-bu ffounces, fringes, trimmings. ^ngTCJ'Cy* s am -bha-laSsk.. in pure Tibetan ^ bde- byuit,\\. of a fabulous country in the north west of Tibet, fancied to be a kind of paradise; sdm-bha-lai Idm-yig (not passport, but:) 'guide for the journey to Shambhala'. n^- sar (from sdr-ba") 1. east, sar-pyogs id.; sdr-pa inhabitant of an eastern country; sar-lho south-east. 2. termin. of sa, into the flesh. ^nz^'n* sdr-pa 1 . young men, grown-up youth (collective noun) W.; perh. also: a young man. 2. v. the preceding article. sdr-po 1. W. adulterer, *sdr-po co-ce or fiui'-ce* to commit adultery, (on the part of the husband.) 2. = sar-pa 1. sdr-po a young man, sdr-po yzon-nu ysum three young men Mil. sdr-ba pf. and secondary form of Jfdr-ba. si-ba *nx:*n n ^nx-jT' sdr-ma 1. /Sc'/i.: a strip &/</. $> rgydb-pa to sew in long stitches, to baste (Sch.: zuns ydctb-pa). 2. W., C. grown-up girls (collective noun); a female (?) sdr-mo adulteress, cf. sdr-po. : sar-Mr straightway, directly, sar-sdr O gr6-ba Cs. nz' sar-surLd. furrowed, having small >J elevations and hollows. sal, in rna-sdl ear-lap, tip of the ear. Ml-ba 1. Sch. stone-pavement. 2. a \\a.rrOW,sdl-sal-baSch.,*S(il-la dud- ce* Ld. to harrow. sdl-ma Cs.: a flint, sharp-edged stone; W. : stony ground; mountain side consisting of detritus; sal- ma- can full of sharp stones Cs. sdl-ma-li Ssk. the seven-leaved silk-cotton tree, Bombax hepta- phyllum Stg. rrxt" sas 1. part, ca-sas id.; O bras de-las sas ycig part of this rice Dzl. ; sas-sds-su bgo-ba to distribute, . ..la among Dzl. ; sas- ce-ba a good deal, much, the greater part of, zla-mfsdn sas-ce-bai Ku-lcrdg generative fluid in which uterine blood predominates (cf. Ku-Krdg in Ku-ba) Wdt'i. ; yti-mug sas- ce-bar O gyiir-ba excess of dullness or stu- pidity Thgr.; sas-cer, sas-ces, sas-cen in an eminent degree, in an exceeding measure. 2. some, a few, zag-sds some days Mil; O ga-sas some, a few Mil. 3. instr. of sa. A" si num.: 57. se'-ia pf. and secondary form of O ci-ba. I. vb. to die, to expire, to go out (as light, tire); si-bar gyur -pa-las when she was in a dying state Pth., si-zin-pai ^og-tu after her death; *si-te I6y(-yo/i)-ce* W. to rise again from the dead, *ldii-ce* (lit. slan- ces) to raise from the dead. 2. sbst. the state of dying, expiring, si-ba-las sos awa- kened from a dying state frq. ; cf. also comp. 3. partic. and adj. si-ba sos -par byed- par gyur one already dying still recovers Do. ; si-bai lus the body of the deceased Do. 558 Comp. sj-ki-ma, ci-Ka-ma 1. sbst. dying, death, si-ki-ma-ru in dying. 2. adj. dying, si-ki-ma yod (or O ci-tfa-ma yod) he is at the point of death, he is at death's door. *si- /can* col. the deceased, the dead. si-sno Sch. : 'blessing for one deceased'. si-cos religious ceremonies for the dead Sch. si-sa flesh of animals that have died of them- selves, the only flesh -which a strict Bud- dhist is allowed to eat, and which accord- ingly in Buddhist countries is frequently consumed. si-rig W. clinking, jingling. si-rog W. a sort of early barley. ~l a Ssk- for Krims } fsul-tfrims custom, manner, moral law. .ncn* sig 1. for big (q.v.) after a final s. 2. louse, mi-sig common louse, Lug-sig sheep-louse, tick, Kyi-sig flea, (lha)- dre-sig bug; ''(lag (lit. brag)-sig-pa* W. mite, wood- louse, tick ; sig O fu-ba B., *ltd-ce, rug-ce* W. to look for lice, to louse, sig bsdl-ba to clean from lice; sig-can Sch. also sig-po or sig-sig-po infested with lice, lousy; sig-ndd pedicular disease; sig-sro lice and nits S.g. M 9 -9^-ba, sig - sig 1. standing or lying close together, close-banded Mil. nt., C. cf. ysig-pa, ysib-pa. 2. trembling, tottering, wavering; with mig: looking this way and that, looking about, perh. also : rolling (the eyes). % s (- se >% s Cocking, as trees moved by the wind Mil.; sigs-sigs yom-yom waving, moving to and fro, shaken etc., also fig. Pth. ^jr-' sin I. gerundial particle for citi after a final s. II. sbst. 1. tree, bzd-sih fruit-tree, rtsi- siii v. rtsij Ijon-sin a beautiful green leafy tree, skdm-sin a dry withered tree. 2. wood, sin zig some wood; Kan-sin timber, timber-wood, bud-sin firewood, fuel, skdm- sin dry wood; ydm-siii Cs.: 'a small quan- tity of wood thrown into the fire for sacri- fice'. 3. a piece of wood, log, billet, *sin nyi sum fob* W. put two or three pieces (to the fire); stump, stub of a tree Gb\; *tii- pag-gi sin* W. gun-stock; srog-siu axle, axle-tree. Comp. si/t-kir-ti a carrying-frame Lh. siii-kyu a wooden hook. siii-rkan Schr. a wooden leg, a crutch. siii-rkcd the upper part of the trunk of a tree. sin-Kan 1. a wooden house, log-house. 2. shed or out- house for wood. sin-Ku sap, juice of trees. siit-Kur a load of wood. sin-firi wooden chair. sm-mfcan worker in wood, car- penter, joiner. sin-rgdn Sch. wood pecker, sin-rgon lira- bo the spotted woodpecker, sin-rgon mgo-ndg black woodpecker. sin-rgydl a tree of extraordinary height or circumference, a giant -tree. sin-in/'tdr licorice Sch., Wts.; a sort of cinnamon W. sin-cos 1. wooden utensils, implements. 2. tools for working wood Sch. siti-tog, siii-fog fruits of trees, fruit. sin-rta v. that article. sih-stan chopping-block Ld. - sin-fags wooden enclosure. sin-fun wood- picker, gatherer of wind -fallen wood. sin-dum log, billet, block. sin-dra wooden lattice- work; wooden paling G 1 ., W. sl/l- drun-pa one sitting under a tree, i. e. an ascetic, Burn. I, 309. sin-ydugs the leafy crown of a tree Sch. sin-sdon trunk, stem of a tree; a tree; block. sit-prun a small tree, a shrub, bush Sch. sin-bdl cotton from the cotton-tree Cs., cf. sal-ma-li-iit. Mn-bu a small piece of wood, sin-bu sor- bzi-pa a piece of wood four inches broad or long Tar. sih-Jbrds fruit. sin-smdn medicine prepared from wood Sch. siii- rtsd root of a tree. sin-rtsi resin Cs. sin-rise top of a tree. sin-fsa cinnamon (having a 'saltish' taste, as is expressly stated %.); *sin-fsc lob-ma* W. bay-leaf, laurel-leaf. siti^fsdl chip, shaving, splinter. *sin-fsogs* W. forest. sin-yzon a wooden basin, trough, tub. *Un-z6g* (lit. bzogs) chip, splint W.; shavings brought off by the plane C. sin-zdn wood-rasp Sch. *s//i- zel* a small chip, a very small and thin piece of wood, a splinter, *sin-zel zug son* W. I have run a splinter into (my hand or foot). 559 in-kun sin-zog W.a. rasp. siit-yzer a peg. sin- Icb board, plank. sin- sun the bark of trees. sin-sal a rasp. ^..__. sin - lain asa foetida, used as me- ' >j ' dicine, and (like garlic) as a spice; also n. of a mountain pass between Lahoul and Zankar. %-'' si/i-rfa ('wooden horse') waggon, cart, / carriage, also fig. = feg-pa, e.g. sin- rta cen-po frq. in the writings of TsohKapa; sin-rta-Jcor-lo id.; sin-rtai Kan-bzdu the body of a carriage, siii-rtai mcla the pole, beam, shaft of a cart, O pdii-lo the wheel, rjes, lam, sul, srol the track, rut (of a cart) 6s.; sin-rta rkan-ycig Sch. wheelbarrow; sin-rta-mlcanCs. maker of carts, cartwright; sin-rta-pa I. carter, driver, coachman. 2. charioteer. _Q_. sid J. Sch. hazel-nut. 2. also ysid- ' ' ysid-ma, ysid-ston, ysid-zdn funeral re- past, of which every body may partake ; vid- eos religious funeral ceremony; sid-sa Sch. 1. burying ground, cemetery. 2. a fruitful field ysin-sa. Cf. ysin. %gt~ sin-tu very, greatly, esp. before adj. ' S& and adv., in B. frq. $' sib v. sib. .s/y $ib-pa v. sub-pa to whisper. sib-si-lu-lu or ru-ru Ld. hip, the fruit of the dog-rose. .n^r/rn* sim-sa-pa Cs. a kind of tree or wood. ^^* .n;s;\n;^* MI'I sir-sir, with O fon-pa Cs. to gush out, to stream forth with a noise. * sil-ba W. to drip through. a g auze ~li^ e texture W. ; sil- sill. id. 2. 6s. : 'a cant word denoting the noise of any thing'. 3^1* ** s 9^ ' uc ' ( ' ^ or * une ? bliss; de byun-na sis if that happens, it will be an auspi- cious sign, sis-pai miii a name foreboding good Lt., mi sis-pai Itas an omen foreboding ill Wdn.; bstdn-pai sis ace. to Schl. 232 denotes the religious plays performed in the convents. Cs.: sis(-pa)-po one blessed, sis- pa y/'n-pa to be blessed, sis-par (/yur-ba to become blessed, sis-par bycd-pa to make blessed, to bless; bkra-sis v. bkrd-ba. n' su 1. ace. to Cunningham and other xs English authorities the Tibetan word for stag; yet us none of the many Tibetans, from different parts of the country, that were consulted by us, seemed to know this word, it is not unlikely, that in consequence of indistinct hearing it is but a corruption of sa-ba (q. v.). 2. *su-m jlu?-pa* C. to whistle. - 3. num.: 87. su-ddy n. of a plant Med. ; Scfi. : the rush. su-ba I. sbst. 1 . an abscess, ulcer, sore s Cs.: su-ba O fon an abscess rises, na gives pain, pan heals; *su- bur* W., and prob. also su-for Med , id ; *su-ndg and bd- su* W. a sore that has become inflamed and rankling. 2. scab, scurf, scald W. II. vb., pf. (b*)sus, fut. bsu, imp. (b~)su(s), 1. to take off, pull off, dravr off, yzdn-gyi c/os to take off a person's clothes, go-ca armour, mfson-ca arms, weapons Pth. ; to strip, strip off, e.g. leaves, twigs, pdgs-pa the skin, the peel, hence (also withoutpa^rs- pa} to skin, to pare, to peel W., e.g. *'d-lu su-ce* to peel potatoes; gyab-sus coat of wool shorn from a sheep, fleece Ld. 2. to copy, dpe a book, resp. zal-sus byed-pa Cs.; dpe-bsus a copied book C. - su-bham Ssk., sometimes at the end of books, hail! all hail! su-ra-se(-na} n. of a tract of land in the neighbourhood of Mathura, not far from Agra Wdk. ^q-gj-m- su-'i-ka Tar. 63, 8, prob. also su- NJ ' lig Sch., n. of a fabulous country in the north-west. fag i. a thrust, push, knock, *sug cem- pojhe'-pa* to push off, to give a knock, to elbow, differing from O pul-ba to shove (by a more gentle motion) C. 2. in comp.: Kyo-sug, v. %o; sug-bza wife, con- sort, spouse Schr. 3. W. : old, but still fit for use. 4. sug-sfig-la col. for sub-lnir softly, gently, e.g. Q gr6-ba to walk, to tread etc. ~_. ' 560 sug-gu siig-gu W. for sog-bu. sug-pa 1. the high, cypress -like juniper-tree of the Himalaya moun- tains, the pencil cedar (Juniperus eaeceka). It covers large mountain tracts, is considered sacred, and much used in religious cere- monies; its berries (sug- brds) are burnt as incense. sug-dud the smoke or perfume of juniper. sug-fser Med.ihe young pointed sprouts of this tree. sug-fsod a sort of mistletoe, Viscum Oxycedri, growing on it and gradually killing it. The leaves have a .slightly sour taste and are used for culi- nary purposes W. rgya-sug ace. to Cs. = spd-ma Juniperus squamosa, a low shrub and similar to our Junipeitis communis. But a passage of the Stg. shows that its fruits are eaten like pease or rice, which cannot be imagined of juniper-berries or cypress cones; cf. spd-ma. 2. in sug-pa O pud-pa Sch., v. sub O pud-pa. * M </ sl - mneren t strength, power, energy, c. genit. : ddd-pai, bydms-pai, dgd- bai sugs-kyis by the power or ardour of faith, love, joy, e.g. to shed tears, = to weep with joy etc. Glr. and elsewh ; ycin-gyi sugs dgag mi bya the impulse to make water must not be suppressed Med.; O di-dag siion-gyi sbyin- sugs yin this is the power of former alms or presents Glr.; fugs-rjei sugs-kyis by the power of grace Do.; der sleb-pai sugs the power or ability of attaining to that place Thgr. ; without a genit. : sugs-kyis = ran- sugs-kyis spontaneously, of one's own accord, sugs-kyis yon they will, no doubt, come of their own accord Mil.; sugs byed-pa to exert one's self(?); sugs-stobs = sugs; snd-sugs O dren-pa Cs. : 'the accenting the first syllable'. 2. col. also subs and sud, mostly in com- pounds: sugs-skad Mil., sugs-sgra, c<j\.*sug- ra* a whistling, a whistle or whiff; sugs-glu 1. a whistling. 2. a whistled tune, *sug-da foe 1 -pa* to whistle a tune C. ; sugs-pa a small whistle which, in sounding it, is put quite into the mouth. sugs-ndr (W. *%-%*), sugs- rin sigh, groan, sugs nar or O bij/n-pa to sigh, to groan, sugs-rin nar ndr O dug he heaves a deep sigh Mil. nt. suit-la, pf. wns, 1. to snore. 2. to hum, to buzz, e.g. of a large beetle. _._. sud-pa pf. fut, bsud, 1. to rub, e.g. -sj ' one thing against another C. 2. to get scratched, excoriated, galled (cf. sun- pa). 3. sud byed-pa ( W. *co-ce*} to steal silently away, to sneak off unperceived. sim-pa bark, rind, peel, skin, mn-kdy, sun-pdgs id., the last expression is also used of the skin of animals Lex. pyi-hm the outer rind or skin, nd/t-sun the inner rind; bar -sun the middle rind, the bast, esp. of willows Sch.: sun-kog Idns-pa the spontaneous chapping or peeling off of the skin; sun-man box-wood. sub-pa, also sib-pa, pf. imp. subs, to speak in a low voice, to whisper, sub byed-pa id. ; *Kog-sub-la sil-cc* W. to read in a low voice, to read whispering; sub-bit, a whispering, sub-bus zld-ba to recite in a low voice Lex., sub-bur smrd-ba B., *sub-la zer-ce* W. to speak softly; sub-bus smod-pa to reprehend in a whisper B. nq^' subs case, covering, sheath, paper bag %J etc. frq. ; rka/i-subs, resp. zabs-siibs stocking, sock, gri-siibs knife-case or sheath, m)e-subs v.mje; lag-subs, resp. pyag-subs glove. qgM'rj- sum-pa, pf. (fysums, ft. bsum, imp. x3 (fymm(s), 1 . to weep, ma sum mdzod do not weep ! nu-sum Mil. weeping, lamen- tation. 2. to tremble (?) gran -sum Lt., Schr. gran-sum byed-pa to tremble or shiver with cold, to shudder. __.,_. sur-ba, pf. fut. bsur, imp. (fysur, 1. >3 to burn slightly, to singe. 2. to cut off. .^rc-q- sur-bu 1. girdle, belt Lex.; sur-bu- ^j ^ preu Zam. id. (ace. to Sch.). 2. Cs.: sore, ulcer. 3. Ts.: dumpling of flour, = Ko-lag. n^. sul 1. an empty place, a place that has >3 been left, that is no longer occupied, rdii-sul stons-nas your own place becoming empty, by your quitting it Mil. sul-du lus- pai nor all the things left behind in the camp Glr.; don-tse Idns-pai sul-du instead of the coin which had been taken away (there appeared . . .) Dzl. ; Kyod-kyi sul-du in the place which you occupied during your life Thgr. ; hence in a looser sense : btsun- mo med-pai sul-du on the occasion of the queen's absence Glr.', in the same manner Tar. 103, 16, 19, and also thus: dei sul-du Glr. 51 during her absence. 2. track, rut, of a carriage, furrow, of a plough Dzl, way, road; also in a gen. sense: sul fag-rin a long way Glr.', sul-ldm = ml; ace. to Cs. also manner, method. 3. any thing left behind by a person departed, or by a thing re- moved, as cu-sul, mar-mi, pye-sul that little water, butter or flour which adheres to the vessel emptied, but not washed; me-sul the extinguished cinders left by a fire; property left by a deceased person sul fsdn-ma yog- po-la fob his servant gets all the property left (by his master) W., C., pa-sul paternal inheritance, patrimony; pa-sul- O dzin-pa the heir C.; sul yah mi O dug nothing at all is left; *sul-med-Kan co* W. finish it at once! eat it all up! su-tsan-po one that eats all up, clears his trencher (a good trencher- man) Ts. nQi-q- sul-pa, bsul-pa Cs. : backbone, back, NJ "posteriors; sul-sd the flesh, the muscles of the back, sul-rgyus the fibres, the nerves of the back; Sch.: bsul-dri smell of excrements, sul-byi polecat, fitchet. 2. <a to sus 1. v. su-ba. whistlft S.g. sus-ma any thing copied, a copy Cs. se 1. Cs. se-stag, se-dag = sa-stdg mere, only, nothing but. 2. num.: 117. se-na v. ce-na. > v. ses-pa. se-bdm Cs. : = fo-yig a kind of con- tract or bargain. .. se-ma (for rje-ma or yces-ma 1 ?} W. noblewoman, lady of rank or quality, 561 lady, ' : 'se-ma cuti-im, sem-cun* nobleman's daughter, young lady, Miss. se - moit Sch. : ' divine predestina- tion, divine protection ; nature, fate, destiny; power; origin of power or autho- rity ; strength', force, the latter signification also in Wts.(?j. ^*,q- $ e -rui Sch.: fetid, putrid. seg 1 . imp. of ysegs-pa, resp. for sog. 2. the Arabian ^yi, chieftain, elder, senior. 3. C. col. for sed I. a-' sed I. strength, force, = stobs, mfu, C. ' ' also seg; dpd-zin sed-ce a mighty hero Thgy.; sed-can strong, vigorous, powerful; sed-mo 1 . sbst. = sed? 2. adj. = sed-can Ts., *se'-mo gydg-pa yin* he is strong and stout, sed-med powerless, weak, sed-med-kyi rtd- bas rkan-fdn mgyogs one travels quicker on foot than on a weak horse; sed-cuh weak, feeble, frail, e.g. lus Lt.; sed O bri strength decreases, begins to fail, ysos is restored, nyams is impaired; sed skyed-pa to grow fat Sch. : 'to protect ; to make haste' ; *mi zig- la sed cug-ce* W. to strengthen a person; *sed dan nye-ce' W. to rub well, forcibly; *sed zdr-te (sbyar-te) con* run and jump ! *sed zdr-te gyob* swing your arm and throw ! W. ; *sed-kyer-ndg-po* by force, with violence, e.g. *tan* he forced it on (me) W. (cf. nan) ; sed-po-ce a strong, powerful man Thgy.; sed- bu Lex. id.;sed-bddg Sch. one having power or authority, a lord, ruler. * sed -wan* W. force, violence, *sed-wdn dan* by force, e.g. to take, *sed-wdn tdn-ce* W. to violate, to force (a girl). II. the approximate direction, region, quarter, nyi-mai ^og sed-na below the sun, i.e. between the sun and the horizon Mil; W.: *gan sed-la* in what direction? where- to? *de sed-la* about in that direction; *gan sed ne (lit. ynas) Mg-tu* to some place or other. B^* sen(?) floor of a house or room W. ser-pyin abbreviation for ses-rdb- kyi pd-rol-tu pyin-pa, the title of a division of the Kan-gyur. 562 -ba ,n ' ser-ba, pf. bser, to compare, to con- front a. sel crystal, glass Dzl. and elsewh. ; ace. to Stg. the moon also consists of such crystal Cs.: rdn-sel native crystal, bzu-sel artificial crystal, glass; mdn-sel Pth. prob. = sel; spos-sel amber; me-sel burning-glass, cu-sel T|cM<ri a fabulous magic stone sup- posed to have the power of producing water or even rain. Comp. sel-kor or -por a tumbler. sel- dkdr=selGlr. sel-Kdn glass-works, glass- manufactory Schr. sel-sgon globe of glass Mil. sel-sgo glass-door. sel-rdo crys- tal. sel-snod, sel-spydd a crystal or glass vessel. sel-pren a string of glass-beads. sel-bum glass-bottle. sel-mig spectacles, spy-glass, telescope. **es-pa (synon. rig-pa, resp. mKyen- pa) I. vb., 1. to know, perceive, ap- prehend, bzdn-bar ses-pa to find, to know a thing to be good Glr. ; brtdgs-na mi ses when (the soul) is searched for, it is not to be perceived or apprehended Mil. ; ses-pai bio ingenium sapiens Dzl.', mi -ses -pa-dag those who do not care for knowing (a thing) Dzl. ; su ses B., C., *ci se* W. (like the Hindi WT WT%) w h can tell? may be; cian mi se- lf an a know-no thing, ignoramus, dunce; *k'o- rdn md se-Kan cen-mo zig fsor dug* W. he is said to be an extremely clever (learned etc.) man; mi-ses dgu ses-pa knowing (even) the unknown things, knowing every thing Thgy.; can-ses id.; *na-rdn ton se* W. I know it from having seen it; ses-par gyur 1 . he will know. 2. he comes to know, he learns; ses-par gyis sig 1. know! 2. let it be known ! ses-bzin-du knowing, knowingly, with (my) knowledge; no-ses-pa = ses-pa, yet cf. sub no. 2. to understand, = go- ba, don the sense Glr. ; nas rtsis ses I under- stand mathematics; to be able, in a general sense, also physically: *ghan se-pa* C. to one's best ability, to the utmost of one's power (= ji nus-kyis B., *ci fub-Kan* W.); Krdg-gi gon ^gul ses-pa a clot of blood that could only quiver (though, in fact, a human being) Glr.; esp. with a negative: smra mi ses-pa not being able to speak, dg-ye dgu mi ses they cannot be bent or curved Med. 3. to be convinced, to be of opinion, to think, sii-la yan mdzd-bor ma ses do not think any- body to be your friend! Il.sbst. (= rig-pa} 1. the knowing (about a thing), knowledge. 2. science, learning, ses-pa-la zog-tu ltd-ba to look upon science as a (sort of) cheating. 3. intellectual power, intelligence, ses-pa fibs the intellect (of infants) is still very weak Lt., ysal is clear Pth. 4. the SOUl or spirit, separate from the body Thgy., Mil. Comp. *se-gyd* talent (?) C., W. *&- gy>y* Character 6'., W., *se-gyti nem-pa* a bad character. ses- dod desire of know- ledge, curiosity of mind Mil. ses-ldan, ses- blo-lddn-pa 1. knowing, rich in wisdom. 2. very learned Sir! ses-po } ses-pa-po one that knows or understands, a knower Cs. ses-bya 1. what may be known or ought to be known, ses-bya kun every thing worth knowing, all the sciences. 2. knowing, con- scious, wilful ? ses-byai sgrib-pa contamina- tion by wilful sins Do.? ses-byed that which knows, the understanding. ses-bzin consciousness (v. above ses-bzin-du\ dran- pa dan ses-bzin-can yin-te Gyatch. 99Y, 14 (cf. Burn. II, 806, 5); ses-bzin may,' accord- ingly, be used for 'conscience' in a Christian sense. ses-yon Ts. = ses-rqua. ses-rdb tJ 9/tS (JTsTT) 1- 'great knowledge', wisdom, in- telligence, understanding, talent, ses-rab ce-ba very talented, gifted (e.g. a boy) Mil. ; ses- rdb danlddn-pa id.; ses - rob - spy an the (mystic) eye of wisdom Schl. p. 210. ses- rab-rtsioa Taraxacum, dandelion, also used as food. ses-rdb-kyi pd-rol-tu pyin-pa, 'T<n'' tne nay i n g arrived at the other side of wisdom, n. of that section of the Kanqyur which treats of philosophical matters. 3r so (Cs. : so-mo) I. die, dice, so rgydb-pa ' to dice, so rtse-ba to play at dice, so- O gyed-pa (Sch. Kye-zig as imp.) id.? so rgydl-baorpdm-paio win or lose at playing; 563 ho-gdm so-rgydn Cs. the money or stake deposited at dice-playing ; rtsis-soi rdeu Mil., so-rdel WdL, an attribute of certain deities; so-mig the points of dice, so-mig ysum-par (or -pa- la) Jbdb-na when three points are thrown. Tibetans play with three dice marked with 6 and 1, 5 and 4, 3 and 2 on opposite sides, hence from 3 to 18 points may be thrown. II. 1. the white willow ofSpiti, Ld. and other Himalayan districts. 2. other plants rgya-so, lug-sot Wdii. III. = btsa-ma blast, blight, smut, mildew Cs. IV. for so-gam, q. v. V. num.: 147. so-gdm custom, duty, tax, so-gdm Ici- ba W. *lan-te* high duty, so-gam len-pa to take toll, to levy a duty; so-gdm bzld-ba Sch. : 'to smuggle, to circumvent or defraud the customs' (?); so-gdm- gyi ynas custom-house; so-gdm-pa receiver of the customs, toll-gatherer; *so-tdl, so-du'* Ts. tax, duty. *n*c5* sd-ca a kind of steel -yard C. 3^SJ" so-ma, v. ad-mo, mushroom Mil. WT5J' so-mdn a medicinal herb Med. &'*! yo-ra saltpetre, nitre, so-ra-can nitrous. -.. to-re, adj., damaged, spoiled, by being partially broken, torn etc., sbst. : a de- fect, flaw, notch, gap, also hare-lip; *so-re son* it is damaged, *so-re ton son* a notch, chink, crack has been caused; *Ka-s6r, na- sdr*, with a slit lip, a slit nose. * so-lo-ka v. slo-ka. "rjcn* sog I. sog-cig, prop, from ysegs-pa, ' imp.of^'w-^a, 1. come! let him come! Jbrds-bu fsur-sog-gi yid-smon nd-la med I do not wish that fruit should come to me from without Mil. ; Kur sog, Kyer sog bskyal sog bring hither, (with son inst. oisog: take away!) sog zer-ba to invite, ried-la sog kyan mi zer Glr. we are not so much as invited, you know. 2. with the imp. = gyur-cig, bsad-par-sog may (he, I etc.) be killed ! DzL II. v. sos. [. sbst., also frq. wing, ysog-rkyan-ba to spread the wings, also to spread like wings; *s6g-pa de-ce, cdd-ce, dum-ce* W. to clip the wings ; ysog-pa-can, ysog-lddn provided with wings, winged, a bird. 2. wing-feather, pinion, Q dab-ys6g, ysog-sgro id.; mjug-ysog tail- feather. 3. fin, of fishes. 4. other things resembling a wing or a feather, mig-ysog, resp. spydn-ysog eye-lash; ran-tdg-gi ysog- pa prob. : wing or float-board of a water- mill; of course it might also be used for: wing, sail, of a windmill, though these are not yet known in Tibet. II. vb., v. sub ysog-pa. s6g-bu, W. *sug-gu*, 1. sheet of paper, and paper collectively, rgya- sog China paper, bod-sog Tibet paper, dar- sdg silk-paper, ras-sog cotton-paper (also paper of linen-rags), sin-s6g bast-paper, pags-sog leather-paper, skin-paper, parch- ment; mfin-sog, nag-sog dark- blue or black paper, for writing on in gold or silver; mgo- sog, resp. dbu-sog, upper leaf, i. e. cover, covering, wrapper. 2. Bal. : book. Comp. sog -Kan paper-maker's form. - sog-gdn a sheet of paper. sog-grdns num- ber of leaves in a book. sog-sgril, sog- dril, W. *sog-ril* paper-roll, codex. sog- Ideb Sch.: 'leaf, sheet'? sog-fsdr scrap of paper. sog-sin Sch. palm-tree ? sog- hril ycig = sog-gdn, Sch. -rg 'elevated plain, ridge of a mountain') 1. mountain-ridge Wts. Usual meaning: 2. pit, hole, cavity, exca- vation, valley, cu-sons cavity filled with water Dzl. ; span-sons valley with meadows, low ground overgrown with grass ; snai bya- ysog-gi ysoits the cavities near the wings of the nose Mil.nt.; son-du valley- ward, down hill Dzl. ; sons-can, (j}son-(f)son full of cavities, uneven, Sch. also : rough, rugged, steep; sons-bu furrow, soiis-bu O fen-pa to make furrows, to furrow. jTT'n' ^on-ba I. to go in, to have room in or on, with term., mi son, W. also: *6h-be mi dug* that is not to be got in, 564 Hod ' fsags there is no room for it; bre Ina son-bai bum- pa a can holding five quarts Dzl. II. pf. bsa/is, fut. bsan, imp. so/j(s), to empty, remove, carry or take away, W. stones, earth etc., but gen. (with or without rkydg- pa) to go. to stool, to ease nature, B. and col. ^rjr- sod 1. the lower, the inferior part of a thing, rtse-sod upper and lower part, top and bottom C.; rgya-sod Wdn. alow tract of land, with a milder climate, where e.g. apricots are thriving, opp. to pu-lhdgs elevated cold region, scarcely fit for the cultivation of corn and barley; sod-du to or towards the bottom, down, downwards, C., *so'-du bdb-pa* to descend, come down, *so'-ne Q dzeg-pa* to ascend C. 2. imp. of cad-pa, bsdd-pa-, yet cf. also: sod-pa, pf. bsdd-pa, 1. to say, to de- clare C. 2. to comb Cs. ^ ^ ob a fib > falsehood, lie, smrd-ba, W. *gydb-ce*, to tell a lie. ^ob-^ob loose, soft, as leaves etc. rV. som^pa,pL(b)soms,bsams, fut. bsam, imp.(6><m(s), to prepare, make ready, arrange, put in order, fit out, ynas lodgings, ydan a seat, ston-mo a festive entertainment, bzon-pa a carriage, i.e. to have the horses put to Dzl. ; dpun-gi fsogs an army Dzl. som-rq 1. preparation, arrangement, fitting out, som-ra byed-pa = som-pa 6'., so also 6s.; but Sch. : 2. som-ra state, pomp, splendour, with byed-pa to show off, to dress smartly, som-can stately, grand (?). sor-ba 1. v. cdr-ba. 2. to measure Mil, v. ysdr-ba. Ml-ba 1. intercalation, insertion 6s., zla-sol intercalary month. 2. 6s : pres. tense of bsol-ba q.v. sol-po Sch.: 'a species of willow', v. ysdl-po. sos 1. almost always in conjunction with fdg, the other, of two, e.g. bud- med ycig-sbs the other woman Dzl. 2. Zam. 7f^, col. sog, a termination indicating the comparative or superlative degree: cun- sds, yzon-sds the younger, the youngest, of two or of several, btsun-mo Ina-brgydi cun- sos Pth.; *rin-sog* W. the tallest; yun-rin- sos Thgy. the most long-lived; dnn-ce-sos the principal benefactress, cf. drin; nad ce- sos rgds-nad O fe'bs-pas because one is suffer- ing under the chief disease, viz. old age, Thgy. jrj. sri Ssk., = dpal glory, magnificence ; mag- 3 nificent, splendid, grand ; sr/-ri Mil., pr. n., a naked mountain in a sandy plain, about a ten day's journey to the west of Tashi- Ihunpo, covered with monasteries, and perh. on that account considered as nyams-mfsdr- ba. srl-Kan(fa v. dpdl-gyi dum-bu. r slo-ka Ssk., also so-lo-ka, strophe, stanza, esp. one consisting of four ca- talectic trochaical dimeters. ysa I. 1. &\soysd-ma,bsd-ma, worthy, becoming, fitting, suitable, O fse-ba mi ysai as it is unworthy, unbecoming, im- proper, to persecute (others) Dzl. ; *de fcyod- la sa yod* or *sd-ce yod* Ld. that serves you right. 2. righteous, upright, honest, good, = skydn-med-pa, C. ; bio ysd-ma an upright, true heart, Thgy. ; *le sd-ma jh/-pa* C. to perform a work faithfully, in good earnest. II. only, merely; mere, nothing but, (= sd-stag) C. W. kar-ya\ yet cf. za-nye. ysa-ivn a long skirt or coat-tail jn /qn-xr- ' ysdg-pa v. ysog-pa. - f sa 9 s ri 9 nt ? justice, Lex. and esp. W. ; ysags O byed-pa Lea: to investi- gate the rightfulness (of an action), = *ye dig pe'-ce* W.', *tim-sdg tdn-ce* to admin- ister justice, to sit in judgment *tim - sag- tan -Kan* judge, *sa</ (go-} log tdn-ce* to warp justice, to judge contrary to justice and right; *tim-sdg zu-ce* to go to law, to bring an action, *sdg-pon* superior judge, chief-justice. W. bka-ysdgs v. bka extr. 565 ysan cnnr- ysQH a musical instrument, esp. used by the Bonpo, Glr., ysar'i J?r6l-ba to play on that instrument MIL " ysdn-pa Sc/t. = bsdit-ba. )'*u--y*6n rough, rugged places or tracts Cs: ysdd-pa I. = sod-pa to comb. 2. = cdd-paIl.,\Q explain, to relate. ysam 1. the lower part of a thing, fsdm-du a. adv. down. b. postp. under, below, beneath ; also adv. farther down, more towards the end, in the course of; examples v. sub leu; postp. dei ysdm-du under it. 2. barren, B. and col., mo-ysdm, rgod-ysdm, ba-ysdm a barren woman, mare, cow. * y* ar Sch.: a certain style of writing. ST ysds-ma Sch. = ysd-ma. * ysiy-pa v. ysib-pa. ysin-pa 1. also ysin-po good, fine, ziii sin-pa B., C. a fertile field, sa- pyogs ) 'sin-pa a rich country Stg.; y -sin-par rmo-ba to plough well; ysin-sa 1. fertile field or land. 2. v. ysin-po. 2. = ysim-pa. '^ r*m-p one deceased, a dead man, y sin-mo a dead woman, e.g. *sin- mo jor-zom* the deceased, the late Jorzorn; it may have reference to the body, as well as to the soul, or to both together. ysin- rjc the god of the dead, of the lower re- gions, of hades, also regarded as the judge of the dead, Ssk. ^j?f ; fsin-rjei ysed a. id., Yama the destroyer, b. the destroyer of Yama, Siwa; Ssk. '3?n*rTeR. cf. also Schl. 93. *cin-dud' knot, opp. to *tol-dud* a bow, a slip-knot W. ysin- dre the soul as a ghost or spectre Sch. ysin- prds the convulsive motions, the writhings of a dying creature. ysin-zas food presented to the Lamas when a person has died (Cs.: food prepared, or exposed for the dead?), sin-sa \. bury- ing ground, cemetery, 2. fertile field. ysig rgydb-pa* C. to induce assembled people by means of a stick to stand or sit closer; cf. zal-bddg. 2. ral-gri ysib-pa Wdn.f mfarCf ysim-pa, y sin-pa Sch.: 'ground, crushed'. 3C*q* y*i'ni&-bzdit-ba Sch. to be ir- resolute, unsettled in opin- ion; to be distrustful, suspicious. cTvq^j* /s^s, often also bsis, 1. nature, temper, natural disposition, ysis -ha col. id., rau-ysis yin it is their nature, their natural disposition Mil. ysis - kyis by the very nature of the case, without secondary causes, naturally, quite of itself Mil; y sis-nan Mil., Do. was also explained by rgyu-med-par, prob. implying merely: not having been one's self the efficient cause. 2. person, body, j-sis fams-cdd-du O byug-go they anoint- ed the whole body Do. m^'H* ysun-ba Cs. to rebuke, reproach; NS the Lexac. explain it by: sub-bur smdd-pa to blame in a whisper, i.e. behind a person's back. ysum-pa v. sum-pa. yw-ba, pf. fses, to abuse, revile, with la, Dzl. and elsewh. ; yse yan slar mi yse-ba even when reviled, (one should) not revile again (rule for monks) Cs. fseq-pa v. ysog-pa. bsib(s) - pa, also ysig-pa, 1. Sch. : to range, to compare; Ld. to be ranged, to draw up in files; *gral , Dulva in Feer Introd. etc. p. 68 ; but sog is prob. the original and older form), Bal. *sags-cas*, resp. to go, to go away, opp. to Jbyon-pa to come Glr. ; in other passages to come Dzl.; j-segs-grdbs mdzad he made preparations for setting out Mil. ; ndm-mKa- la O pur - zin ysegs he ascended to heaven Tar.-, slar fsegs-pa to return, to come back. ysegs-pa is col. seldom used, but often in books, and mostly of Buddha and great saints; bde-bar ys^gs-pa to die, of saints and kings; sku ysegs-pa Glr.; dgun-du or dguii-la ysegs-pa Mil , mKar ysegs-pa Glr., id.; bde (-bar') -ysegs^-pa) as partic. = HJ\<\ Buddha; de-bzin-ysegs-pa ft^HM ace. to the explanation now generally accepted : he that 566 walks in the same ways (as his predeces- sors), a very frq. epithet of the Buddhas. ysegs-bskyes parting-( beer-) cup, parting- feast or treat Mil. ysegs-zon 6V. a banquet or dinner, after the death of a great person, j^-.^.. ysed-ma, rarely ysed, 1. execu- tioner, hangman Stg. ; fsed-ma sko- ba to engage a hangman, i.e. to pay a mur- derer Glr ; fig. : pan fsun ycig-gi ysed ycig- gis byd-ste Wdn. prob. means : one destroy- ing the other. 2. in a special sense: gods of vengeance, tormenting the condemned in hell, or fighting against evil spirits, drag- ysed Schl. ysen-rdb(s) Glr., the founder of the Bon-religion, his full name being bon ysen-rabs-yyuh-drun C. prob. identic with the Chinese philosopher Lao-tse ye-ysen Mil. id. sgrub-ysen the Bon-doctrine (opp. to dam-cos Mil.) yMr(-ba) B., C.: wet, wetness; yser-ba, yser-pa, yser-po adj , yser-bar ^gyur-ba to get thoroughly wet, to be drenched DzL, to get moist, to be moist- ened; ysei'-bar byed-pa C.,B., *ser-pa co- ce* W. to wet, to moisten. In C. and in B. yser-ba seems to be mainly used for wet, in W. for moist. y& r ~b a I- sbst.and adj. v. the pre- ceding article. II. vb.. 1. to ask for, beg for, ser-te tub son I got it by asking for it (I did not buy it) W. 2. to ask *ser-len-pa* ( lit. fser- len-pa) to interrogate, to question, to try (ju- dicially); as partic. and sbst.; the examin- ing or criminal judge C. 3. = ysor-ba to measure C. yso-ba, pf. ysos, 1. to pour out, to pour away r., prob. the same as bso- ba. 2 (?) *Ka sos-te fcyer* he has alienated him, enticed him to join his own party Ld. crpf f y^-mo lever *so-mo gydb-pa* C., W, *tan-ce* W.. *so-mo kdn-pa* W., *kempa* C. to put a lever to (a thing). ^pj^'SJ* y*6g-pa I. sbst. v. sog-pa. II. vb., also bsog-pa, ysdg-pa, yseg-pa, O ceys-pa< pf. ysags, bsags, fut. ysag, bsag* ysor-ba imp. ysoa,Pth.,l. to cleave, to split, sin wood, rndm-par entirely, fsdl-pa bzir into four pieces Glr , dum-bur into pieces ; sgo ysdg- pa to break open a door (with a hatchet) Pth.; to break or pierce through, c%?7through the middle Mil., gam bsoy-pa Mil. to break through the snow, by means of yaks sent in advance to beat a path (v. Huc.\ lam bsog-pa in a gen. sense : to beat a path; lam mi sog or ma sog-par Q dug Glr. the road' is not practicable; sog-les yseg-pa Thg. to saw lengthwise; yseg-pa is also used for: to rend, to tear, to make a rent or slit into a dress etc. C., W. 2. to confess, sdig-pa, nyes-pa, Itiin-ba to confess a sin, and thus to expiate it, which two, according to the views of a Buddhist, are always united, at least as it regards lighter transgressions. Hence sdig-pa bsags frq. means: the sin is atoned for, is blotted out, and fseg-pa is the usual word for 'to forgive', sdig-bsdgs atonement, expiation, sbrul bsdd-pai-sdig- bsdgs-su as an atonement for having killed a serpent Glr ; mfol - bsdgs = sdig - bsdgs, mfol-bsdgs-la sa-K6g O biil-ba to offer a killed animal (a sheep) as an atonement Mil.; sdig-bsags-smon-lam Glr. penitential prayer. )* ysoii(s) v. son. ysod-pa to comb Cs. >a 6s.: = skyon-pa to put on GO- ysob = sob. ^J" ysom-pa Thgy. som-pa. ysor Sch. a basin or reservoir of water, seems to be not much known; but in Zam. yur-bai ysor is to be found. ysor-ba I. vb., C. also yser-ba, pf. fut. bsar, bsor , 1. to count, e.g. sheep , by letting them pass one by one through one's hands, the beads of a rosary (through one's fingers), hence cos - brjod- bsar-sbyaii man-po byed to read prayers etc. (cf. sbyan-ba, 3). 2. to measure, bres by the peck Lex.; to weigh; yser-la rd-gan /sdr-ba to weigh out (to exchange) brass 567 bscii for gold. 3. to hunt, to chase, = O c6r-ba, ri-dwags game Lex.; nya-ysor-ba to fish Dzl. 4. Sch. to cut through (?). II. adj., also yser-ba, rough, bristly, shag- gy, skra, spu Stg., opp. to O jam-po (Sch. rough, gruff, rude?) ysol plough G7/\, fo/i, foVi - ysol id. The plough in India and Tibet con- sists only of a crooked beam , ysol - mda, (without wheels) with the share (ysol-lcdgs, ton-lcdgs) at the lower end ; ysol-mdd O dzin- pa to plough, lit. to take hold of the plough- beam. ysol-po poplar-tree C. * y 'sos-pa 1. yso-ba and bso-ba. - bsa 1. in bgo-bsa portion, share, al- lowance, ration Lea;., evidently a se- condary form of sas. 2. Dzl. ?v, 1 in- undation, flood; swa, the reading of the ma- nuscript of Kyelang, seems to be preferable. bsd-ba, pf. bsas, to slaughter, to kill (animals for food); in a story of Glr. it follows the slaughtering and must be understood to denote the cutting to pie- ces of the killed animal; but our Lama pre- ferred to read bsus-pa to skin. bsd-ma v. ysd-ma. bsdg-pa v. ysog-pa. bsdn-ba, Sch. also ysan-ba, alvine discharges, bsdn-ba Jbyin-pa to make open bowels, of food, medicines Med.; bsan-dgdg constipation Med.; bsan-yci ex- crements and urine, bsan-ycis sku-ba to dirty therewith Dzl.; bsan-yci bsri-ba to retain stool and urine Sch.; bsan-ldm the anus Med. fadns -pa leaky, leaking, full of crevices, *cu-zom nyi-ma-la bor- na san dug* W. the water-pail will become leaky, if it is left standing in the sun. -* bsdd-pa (prob. pf. of O cdd-pa q.v.) 1. to explain, expound; to declare, pronounce, cos-bsdd-pa to explain religion, to lecture on religious subjects, to preach; JSi-ba dan drar bsad he must be set down for dead Wdii.; bit-mo sky e- bar bsad this indicates that a girl will be born Lt; bsdd- kyis mi Idh-ho it is ineffable, unspeakable; to say, Jbdb-par bsad they say it flows down Wdn., fd-mar bsad he is said to be on the lowest stage Thgy., nan-par bsad it is said or declared to be bad, smdn-du bsad it is mentioned as a medicine Wdn.; to tell, to re- late, col. the usual word. 2. to comb, v. sdd-pa. bsad-grwa school-room, lecture- room. *sad-don* W. the subject of a talk. bsad-ydm a public lecture Sch. (?). bsad-16 byed-pa to make many words Mil. bsdn-pa v sdn-pa. * bsai'j supine of bsd-ba. 'q* bsdr-ba v ys&r-ba. bsdl-ba 1. to wash, to wash out or off, to clean by washing, to rinse, plates, dishes, etc. 2. lto-ba bsdl-ba to purge the body, hence in gen. bsdl-ba to suffer from diarrhoea, and W. col. *sal* diar- rhoea, looseness, flux, *sal rag* 1 have d., *sal dug* he suffers from d., *sal yon* d. be- gins; bsal-jdm a mild d., bsal- pyes(?) a violent flux Sch. ; bsal - ndd indisposition from d. ; bsal-byed B., bsal-smdn B. and col. laxative, aperient medicine. bsds-pa v. bsd-ba. ' bsig-pa v. O dzig-pa I. - bsib-pa v. ysib-pa. bsu-ba v. su-ba. bsitg-pa to sell Cs. bsud-pa 1. v. sud-pa. 2. Sch.: to purify by fire, bsud-me purify- ing fire (?). q .-q.q. bsub-pa to put into the scabbard, t! to sheathe Sch. q'q* b'ser-ba v. sum-pa etc. ' bseu (cf. bsa, swa) inundation, flood Mil 568 baes-pa bses-pa, prop. pf. of ses-pa, to know (a person orthing), to be acquaint- ed, dan with Dzl; ynyen-b&s a relation, rela- tive, ynyen-bses-la pcin-)'togs-parsems-sot\iey are intent on being of use to their relatives Dzl; ynyen and bses may also be separated: Kyod-la ynyen med bses kyan med, Mil.; bses-ynyen on the other hand means : friend, dge-bai bses-, nyen (Ssk. c^| ill fiT?) friend to virtue, spiritual adviser, opp. to mi-dgei bses- nyen seducer, Glr. (cf. sdig-pai grogs- po); dge-bses 1. = dge-bai bses-ynyen. 2. = dqe-bsnuen lay-brother. r>o-bses v. rto-ses. *7 J J mdza-bses friend. n!H*n* bso-ba, pf. bs os, 1. also yso-ba, to pour out Lea;. 2. to lie with, to have sexual intercourse with, = KHg-pa byed-pa, e.g. : de dan bsos-pas bu skyes after having slept with him, she bore him a son Pth.-, to engender, to generate, to beget (v.a.), pdg-rdzis bsos-pai bu the son begotten by the swine-herd Pth., (bso-ba seems not to be considered obscene). bsog-pa \. ysog-pa. bsod-pa = bsdd-pa, *so'-n* C. ru- mour, report, *so-ri-la dhe-da zer dug-te yi' mi ce* though it is rumoured I cannot believe it C. bsor-ba v. ysor-ba. bs&r-po C., VT. liberal, munificent, Schr.: squanderer, spendthrift (?). . bsol-ba 1. to put off. postpone, defer, delay, bod-la O gro-ba the going to Tibet Glr. ; absolutely: bsol-ba bzan it is good to wait; to prolong, e g. mi zig-gi O fs6-ba the life of a person (by a reprieve) Dzl, also to grant, to allow viz. a respite, a reprieve, bddg-la zag bdun zig bsol-te grant- ing me a respite of seven days Dzl. ; to stop, detain, e.g. the sun in his course Thgy., a traveller wishing to set out Pth. ; to omit, to neglect doing Mil. (nif.); pyi bsol-ba to put Off, postpone, pyi-bsol byed-pai gdh-zag a person that is always postponing his re- ligious duties Mil. ; cos-la pyi-bsol byar mi i*u>\ Mil there should be no putting off, whenever religion is concerned; bsol O debs- pa and O tebs-pa = bsol-ba frq. ; bsol ma febs he could not be detained, kept back, diverted from his purpose Pth.; relatives are called bdud-kyi bsol- debs a hinderance on the way of the believer, caused by the devil. bsos resp. for zan or spags, food, vict- uals, provisions of the table; bsos-la ysegs-pa to go to dine, to go to dinner Dzl ; dge- dun-la bsos ysol-ba to treat the priests to a meal Dzl.:, now almost exclusively ap- plied to food offered to the gods, = Iha-bsos-, bsos-bu Mil. offering -morsels, e.g. small pieces of butter offered to the gods or the ghosts. nerated v. bso-ba. M sa 1. the letter S, the sharp English s, in C. distinguished from z, (which is sounded there also as sharp s) only by the following vowel being high-toned. 2. num.: 28. ^t> sa 1. earth, as elementary substance, sa cu me rlu/i earth, water, fire, air, the four elements, sa nyiih-zad cig a small quan- tity of earth, opp. to: sa cen-poisa the mass of the whole earth Dzl ; rdzd-sa clay, ar- gillaceous earth, *be-sa* W. sand and earth, sdg-sa flint and earth; also for ore, metal (like rdo), yser-sa gold-ore, dhul-sa silver- ore Cs. ; h'yim-sa sweepings, offscourings; 569 the ground, sd-la ( W. also *se, Jcd-na*) O dug- pa to sit on the ground, sd-la Itiih-ba, gyvl- ba to fall to the ground ; sa-^g, sa-sten, sa- bl<>, under, on, above the ground; sa-^og- spyod the Nagas (klii); the earth, the globe which we inhabit, usually more accurately sa cen-po v. above. 2. place, spot, space, = ynas, and col. more in use than this, rwai sa Jbiir-ba Stg. 'swollen in the places of the horns', i.e. men that had been oxen in a former life, and in consequence of it are distinguished by little knobs corresponding to their former horns; *pog-sa ghd-la dug* C. where have you been hit or hurt? O dd- sa and Q bem-sa sharp-shooters' stand and place of the target C.\ yod-sa the place where a person lives, (in the old classical style usually expressed by gan-na-ba)-*cin- tait-sa* vulg. 1. orifice of the urethra. 2. privy, water-closet; nd-la gros- dri-sa cig yod I have a place where to ask advice, I have an oracle Glr. ; in a wider sense : occasion, opportunity, possibility, lus-la reg- sa mcd one cannot get near him Glr., rje Kyod-kyi j>st>gs-sa de-no, med you cannot go to that place, Sir! Mil.] nor-gyis blu-samed you cannot ransom yourself by money Mil. ; also with respect to men : na yzdn-la zer- sa (zu-sa,re-sa)med I cannot address myself to any body else with my words (requests, hopes); place, step, degree, grade, cun-ma ce-sar bzun he took and treated his second wife in the place of the first, i.e. he showed the second the honour due to the first; sa- bcu v. compounds. 3. it is also said to be the name of a quadruped of the size and appearance of a badger, but not identic with ysa Sik. Comp. sa-dkdr =dkar-rfsi Cs. sa-skdm Sch. arid soil, dry ground, steppe. sa- skyo/i, sa-skyor Lex. protector of the earth i.e. king. sa-Ku made dirty by earth, dust etc., soiled, turbid. *sa-Kydd* W. (for ynas 13., sd-ca C.) place, *sa-Kydd kdm-po* a dry place, also: the dry land; a piece of ground, *sa-Kydd cig tan* he gave him landed property, *sa-Kydd-di ddg-po* landlord; dwelling-place, place of residence, *Ky6d-di sa-ttydd yd-ru yod* where is your home? sa-Kydb Cs. = sa-bdag. sa-Kyon Cs.: 'the earth's extension or compass'. *sa- ta* (sa-lira) map C. sd-mk'an one who is well acquainted with a particular place or country, a guide Dzl. sa-m/car Glr. a castle the walls of which consist for the most part of earth. sa-gyon Sch. hard ground. sa-dgd and sa-dgyes Lex. ku-mu-da. sa-dgra Glr. the enemy of a country, i. e. in many cases nothing but a demon. *san-gul* W. earthquake. sa-nos sur- face of the earth. sa-stion Cs. blue earth. sa-bcu, ^SpjIftT, acc - to one explanation the ten steps or degrees of perfection which must be attained by those striving after the prize of Buddhaship; sa fob-pa to reach one step (viz. the first) Do.; sa cen-po a high degree, e.g. the eighth Tliyy.\ Foucaux enumerates them all Gyatch. Transl. p. 3. According to another supposition sa-bcu signifies the ten worlds or dominions of the Bodhisattvas Was. (124). sa-ca Glr., Mil., C: place, country ( W. *sa-Kydd*}. sa-cen i. v. above sa 1. ; 2. v. sa-bcu\ 3. v. sa-skya. sa-sten. v. above sa 1. sa-dug evap- oration, damp, injurious to those sleeping on the bare ground. sa-do (v. do-po) half a load of earth, a sackful of earth, being half the load of a donkey Mil. * sa-do ft* W. pit, hole. sa-bddg 1. landlord, master or lord of the ground, sovereign Stg., sd-yi bddg-po sd-yi rje are words used in address- ing a king Mil. 2. more frq.: god of the ground of the country, supposed to be a jealous and angry being, of terrific appear- ance, to whom, on many occasions sacrifices are brought, and who prob. was worshipped already before the spread of Buddhism cf. Schl. 271. : sa-mda \. mouse-trap, also a large trap for catching leopards and other animals. 2. a fabulous plant (?). sa- rdo a stone of earthy fracture; earth and stones; *sa-do da tsi-wa* to slight, to dis- regard, to neglect C. sa-ynds (= ynds-sd) place, region, country, landscape, nyams-dgd- bai sa-ynds a lovely landscape Glr. sa- sna-lnd soil of five different places. sa- 36* 570 pa inhabitant of the earth, of our globe Sch. sa-spyod possessing the earth, man Cs. sa-pdg Glr., prob. = so-pdg brick, dried in the sun. sa-pug cavern, cave. sa- pyogs place, region, tract, Jigs-pai sa-pyogs an unsafe place or region Thgy. *sd- bi-lig* W. i. mouse, rat 2. Ld. also bar, bolt, door-bar? sa-bld v. above sa 1. sa-dbdn Cs. = sa-bddg, v. above sa no. 1. sa-Jbol Cs. soft earth. sa-ma-rdo or sa-min-rdo- min Sch.: 'neither earth nor stone', i.e. a kind of conglomerate. sa-min Sch.'. 'white sand' (??). sa-mos Sch. = ku-mu-da or ud-pa-la. sa-dmdr red earth; sa-dmar- Jbon n. of a monastery in the neighbourhood of Darjeeling, situated on a mountain-slope, which consists of ared-coloured soil(//0o&.I, 171 calls it Simonbong). *sa-tse* W. sand or gravel found in roasted barley etc. sa-rfsig, sa-rtsis, sa-fsig stage, post-station. sa-mfsams, W. *san-fsam*, border, fron- tier, boundary Glr.\ sa-mfsdms O gegs-pa to fix the borders or limits, to mark out the boundaries. sa-zag dust floating on water Pth. sa-fzi ground, soil, footing, floor; estate Tar. 99. sa-^g v. above sa 1, sa-^g-spyod the Nagas (klu). sa-ydhs a wide place or space, an extensive tract of land. sa-yiil = sa-cd Glr. sa-yyos, sa yyo-ba earthquake. sa-rigs species of earth. sa-m Pth. ? sa-rul Cs. rotten or decayed earth (?) *sa-ro* W. rubbish, (/Sc-A. fallow-ground, fallow- field ?) sa- Idm Mil.) perh. for sa-bcui lam. sa-sun Sch. crust of the earth (?) sa-bsin fertile land, rich soil. sa-srdn hard ground. sa-srwi Cs. = sa-bdag v. above sa no. 1. sa-sros evening twilight, dusk Cs. sa-skyd a large monastery, S.W. of Lhasa, also the Lamas belonging to it, clothed in red, Wife. 132. Schl.73. sa (-skya)-cen(-po) honorary title of the Lama Kun-dga-snyin-po, born in the year 1090 after Christ ; sa-skyd pdndi-fa a famous Lam a of this monastery, born 1180. xrqr sd-ga n. of one of the lunar mansions, ' v. rgyu-sftdr no. ?, and hence also n. of a month, part of March and April, ni f. sa-ga-ra Skr. the sea. sa-gu-tse worm C. sa-tra Tar. 184 and 187, Schf.: di- ploma, patent, not to be found in Ssk. dictionaries. 1 ' sa-fel-ndg-po deity of the7/or- ^T'Si w sd-bon 1. seed, sd-bon O debs-pa to ' sow, sd-bon btdb-mKan sower, so- bon-du byed-pa to use as seed-corn Dzl. ; seed-corn, corn, grain, also green corn, sa- bon fsdm-la r/td-ba to mow off as if it were green corn Ma. 2. = Ku-Krdg, v. tfu-ba Med.\ also = Kit-ba, e.g. sd-bon O dzin-pa conception S.g., sa-bon zdg-pa emissio semi- nis Glr.', fig.: propagation, progeny, issue, sd-bon byed mi nus then no propagation can take place ; sa-bon cig zog 'propagate thy- self!' 3. fig. : dge-bai sd-bon the seeds or germs of virtue, sdig-pai sd-bon the germs of vice, da sd-bon ma bskyed-na if I do not now produce seeds viz. of virtue (else more frq.: 'a root of virtue') Dzl. ; byait-cub-kyi sd-bon Tar. 4. W. soap, ace. to the Hind. more accurately ^Lo sa- fso-ma Gopa, the wife of Buddha. sd-ya a million; this number, however, is not much in use with Indians and Tibetans, whereas the lak, Jbum, 100,000, frq. serves to represent a very large sum. sa-ydb (sovereign, 'father to a coun- try') a not unfrequent perversion of the title sa-heb W. ^..-.^j^. sa-ra-so-re also sar-sor, coarse- grained and fine-grained (corn, seeds etc.) mixed together W. sa-ri n. of a lunar mansion, v. ryyu- skdr 9&. -..p.. sd-la Ssk. n. of an Indian tree, Shorea r^ robusta, with which also some super- stitious fables are connected. ZTr ' of violin, r sa-lu Ssk. ^~[^\\ Oryza sativa, rice, as a plant; ace. to Sch. also Indian corn (?). 571 sa-le-sbrdm I3T sa-le-sbrdm (cf. sbram-bu) Wdn. fine gold. sd-heb, col. sab, sa6, sans-rgyds formerly in India title of Moslems of high rank, now title of every European, = gentle- man, sir. sag, also nya-sag 6s., 1. brawn, callo- sity; Sch, also: hair-side (of a skin); sag-can brawny, sag- fug a thick brawn. 2. W. scale, (of a fish) nya-sag-can scaly. sa 9~T^ r ^-> *sab-ddr* W., ysag- brddrSch. a rasp,sag-yddr rgyag- pa to rasp. sag-pa C. a little bubble, *sag sag zer-wa* to sparkle, to effervesce. sag-ram-rtsi sulphuric acid 6s. " sa #( s )- n ' shagreen. sag-ldd, Pers. oiil, l.finedoth, made of le-na, C. *go-nam* (v. snam-bu). European broadcloth W. 2. rpund or twisted lace, round tape, strips of cloth set with spangles? W. ^-- san 1. B., C. to-morrow, san-mjin id. Glr.', sdn-giydugs-la for to-morrow noon Dzl.; san nan-par 6s., san shd-bar Glr. to- morrow morning; also absolutely: on the following day Pth., dei-san id.; san -pod, more frq. san-lo next year; san-p'od da tsdm- du a year hence, this time a year. 2. W. particle denoting the comparative degree, inst. of las or pas of B., *de san i' gyal-la* this is better than that. 3. Ld., Bait. sometimes for yan. xrmcry^r- san-kritai skad the Sanskrit Ian- ^ guage Glr. ^^qi-m' sdn-yi-ka(?) a greenish stone of ' which knife-handles and similar articles are said to be made W. sa n- na > san-ne, san-sun Ld. secretly, privately, whisperingly, by report, = sdm-sum. san - s< J'i hiding-place, chink, crevice, Kyim - gyi of the house Sty. , for hiding money and treasures, = sbugs; gos- kyi folds of the dress, that are a haunt of vermin. sdn-ba, pf. (6)sws, fut. (b)san, 1. to do away with, to remove (dirt etc.), to cleanse, cf. O fsdn-ba, where also examples are given. 2. in a more gen. sense: to take away or off, Ms sdn-ba to uncover; *Ko-la nyi' san son* C. his sleep is gone, he cannot sleep. 3. to spoil, to render unfit or useless, *w6-ma san son* C. the milk is spoiled, *zcm san son* the cask or tub leaks C. Cf. sen. sa * s ~ yyy tlie Tibetan eq- valent for rf[; as to the etymo- logy of the word v. sub O f sdn-ba. The first historical Buddha is Sans-rgyas sa-kya fub- pa, whose family name is Gau-ta-ma and his personal name Don-grub, fa^ld, which, however, is not much used. In course of time several imaginary predecessors were given to him: ^Od-srun, Gser-fub and Kor- b a - )fy, a s having existed and reigned in former periods of the world. A successor also, Bydms-pa, was assigned to him, of whom it is supposed that he will reign at the period following this present one. Ac- cording to others, however, Sdkyafubpa was already the seventh Buddha that appeared on earth, the four above-named having been preceded by Tams-cad-skydb, GtsiLg -tor-can and Rnam-par-yzigs, this last one being the first of them all. These seven Buddhas then are comprised under the name of Sans- rgyas -rabs-bdun. But the fertile ima- gination of devote Buddhists has further in- creased the number of future Buddhas to not less than one thousand (?), appropriate names for each of them have been invented, and Prof. Schmidt has thought it worth his while, to have these thousand names re- printed in a special pamphlet. Mysticism, however, generally knows only of the five first-named Buddhas (Gautama, his three predecessors and his first successor) and to each of these five 'human' Buddhas a celestial Buddha corresponds, called 'Dhy- ani Buddha' or the Buddha of contempla- tion, whilst to every Dhyani Buddha again 572 sad sin-la his Dhyani Bodhisattwa is associated. In later tiroes there is even mentioned a supreme or highest god, Adi-Buddha, fog-mai Sans- rgyds, which doctrine, however, seems not to have been generally accepted. Cf. Kopp. II, 1529. OT- sad frost, cold air, cold, coldness, sdd- ' ' kyis J?yer-ba to be destroyed by frost Glr.; often in conjunction withser-ba, hail. sdd-pa I. to examine, see, try, test, fcyod bzod-dam mi bzod sad-par byao I shall see, whether you are patient Dzl. ; yser Itar sdd-nas mnon-par O gyur like gold, it is approved by testing Dzl.; nydms-sad-pa v.nyams; sdd-mi mi bdun 'the seven men of trial', i.e. the seven most distinguished and talented among the young Tibetans sent by king Kri-sron-lde-btsan to 'Kanpo Bodhi- sattwa, for being thoroughly instructed in religion and sciences Glr. 86, also Tar. 162, 22 ; las sdd-pai gdn-zag Mil. a tried, a tested man? II. frq. in conjunction with ynyid, resp. mnal 1. to cease to sleep, to awake, rmis ma-tag -tu directly from that dream Dzl., fzim-pa-las from sleep Dzl. 2. to rouse, from sleep, to waken, more precisely sad- par byed-pa; also fig.: dge-bai rtsd-ba good, virtuous, emotions Tar. san-gin, Pers. .-.xXXw, bayonet W. sab, col. for sa-heb. - sam-ta Schr., brtsam-grwa Cs.> others : bsdm-Kra,sdb-dra, pocket-book, note- book, memorandum -book, tablets C., W. (Cs. a small writing-desk?). mustaches. with e.g. *zer-ce*, from politeness etc.; *sam-sum zer* speak in a low voice! W. -.-. sa? 1 1 . termin. of sa, ce-sar O don-pa Cs. to promote to high rank or dignity, sar-ynas-dpd-bo (in a hymn) was explained by: sa bcu-la ynds-pai dpd-bo i.e. Buddha. 2.sdr-ycod-pa v. ysar. 3. sbst. wick W. sa-rdzi-ka Ssk. soda, in Wdii. it is mentioned as a plant, yielding soda. sar-sor v. sa~ra-so-re. sal-bdb W., and prob. also sal-sil Mil, gold ornament, gold lace, and the like, ni.f. j. sdl -le-ba clear, bright, brilliant Mil., sal-ler sndn-ba lighted up brilliantly, well lighted Pth., mdans sal-sal id. Pth. $!$J" sas instr. of sa. Tr si 1. in some parts of Ld. the termina- tion of the instrum. after vowels, like su in Kun. 2. also si -si, the sound of whistling through the teeth, si-skad, si-sgra whistling, whistle ; si-brda whistling, whistle, as a call or sign; si-glu a whistled tune. 3. num.: 58. p- sl-td n. of one of the four fabulous ^ Q^ streams of the world. si-ri 1. pack-thread, twine C., W. 2. bar, bolt, door-bar, *si-ricug-ce or gydb- ce* to bolt, to bolt up, *si-ri ton-ce* to un- bolt, unbar W. si-ri- bu centiped W. si-Til a kind of inkhorn , case for carrying an inkstand in one's pocket Ld. si-la Sch. back Cs. a sort of incense, the breaking up of the ice to hitch up, to give a hitch, as porters do with a load on their sig-bu Sch., sig-ra Schr., a sort of basket. sin v. sin-sin. ^jx* sin-sl-yur Sch. curdled milk, sour ^ milk. ^' s -i sin-ga-lai gliii Glr., f^r, Ceylon. s i> l -y e 1- fr<l- f r seii-ge. 2. v. rtsih-ge. shi-ba 1. vb., *balsin-ce* to pick out, sort out, wool for the third time, by ^|C'^' sin-bu which the finest is obtained. 2. adj. in compounds : ndg-siu-ba jet-black, very black Thf/y.; spro-sin-ba v. spro. ^JCT^T s b l -b u liquor made of mare's milk, ^ Tartar arrack Sch. sin-fsdl Ts. tea-pot, tea-kettle. in-yol v. sen-rds in sen-po. sin-ri 1. n of a mountain Glr. 2. = sins-po. Ifc'ffc* s ^- s/ "thin, limpid, of fluids W. (yet cf. sen-po), *sin cug-ce* to clarify, to purify. 8 s -po 1- adj. thin, clear W. 2. sbst. Cs., also can(-ba)-sins Pth., Lt., - ! U(j'sin* Ld. small-beer, the fourth in- fusion of 'chang', a weak beverage, without any intoxicating qualities, yet not disrel- ished on that account. lfo"T s *d-pa to whistle Sch., sid-sgra = si- ^ ^ sgra. sindhu-ra, for f^Ff^ minium, re d lead, = li-Kri Glr. ** sib-pa to evaporate, to soak in, to be imbibed, of fluids, sib-sib or sib-kyis, also sib-kyis fim-pa to evaporate quickly. - sib-bu Lt.; Cs.: a sort of small-pox; ScJir.: the measles. sim-pa Lex. = bde'-ba, "q^, sbst. good health, prosperity, vb. to be well, to be well off. ) 8im-bid(-la) adv. sliding, glid- ; ing, slipping, with *cd-ce* to move along in this way Ld. Dq-q- cnfjq'q* sil " bu -> V sil ' bu a littlc ^ piece, a fragment, ro sil- bur O for the corpse falls to pieces Mil; sil- sil col. id.; *sil cd~ce* to reduce to small pieces, by breaking, crumbling, plucking etc. W. s tt- sn yd n (also sil and sil-stt Lex.) cymbal, Icdys-kyi sil Q Krol-ba Lex., sil snydn rol-mo Jcrol-ba Glr., Dzl. to strike the cymbals; sil-snydn-ma a female cymbal- player Tar. s M~ ma ! the tinkling sound of a cymbal, rdza-cdb sil-mas snydn-pa 673 brjod tunefully flows the brook over its clay- slate bed Mil. ; sil-cdb gurgling water, rip- pling brook Mil. 2 .also sil-dnul the rupee of Ladak, 4)au, $ of an Indian rupee, *sil-iiulyyad-di nas* a patch of barley worth 8 Silma Ld. ^|- su I. pron., also suzig, 1. interrog. pron. ^ who? O di-na su yod who is here? Kyod su yin who are you? su ci-skad byd-ba yod who is it and what is his name? Ml.; which? = gait, rgydl-poi bu su zig which son of the king? Tar., su-rnams, su-dag, col. *su-su* plural form; in certain popular phrases: *su- gyog* race, running-match W., *su fob gyAb- pa* to pounce upon, to snatch away, to plunder 6'., W. 2. correlative and indefinite pron. : su mi di y sod-pa de-la . . . sbym-no to him that kills this man, I shall give . . . Stg.; Kyod snar su-la yan ysol-ba ma btdb- bam have not you already asked somebody before? jDz2.@, 14(acc. to a better reading); su de cdn-bai gdn-du mcio I shall go to him who has it Do ; su fod-fod whom it concerns Sch.(?)', su yan(run) whosoever, whoever, any body who, also absolutely: every, every one, all, su-bas kyait fyis later than all (the others) Dzl., when followed by a negative: nobody, frq,; su byuii Mil. = su yan; su med kyan though nobody be pre- sent Pth.', su, su zig, su gah is also used for somebody, some one, a certain (but not frq. and more in col. or vulg. language): su gah mdzd-bo zig a certain friend ; su ser- sna-can zig a (certain) miser; also in the following manner: *s>t cad dug su tsem dug* one cuts out, the other sews W.; *bo/t-bu su lo-cu-nyi-pa, su lo-cu-pa yin* some of the donkeys are twelve, others ten years old. II. termination: 1. of the term, after a final s, cf. tu, du, ru. 2. of the instr. in Kun.: *' i d-pa-su* from or by the father, inst. of the pas of B. (cf. jj in the Brfij- dialect of the Hindi). 3. expletive after nas Mil. and elsewh. HI. num.: 88. su-gi vulgar corruption of dzo-ki q.v. SM " WW a medicinal root serving as an antidote 6s. 574 " su-ru-pan-fsd rfn Guinea pepper, Capsicum annuum C.. W. *rpr su-lu? su-lui fsul-du bziigs-pa denotes ^ "^ perh. the usual sitting posture of Mi- laraspa who, while reciting his songs, used to stretch out his left leg, drawing up the other, and supporting his right arm on it, on which his head was leaning. XTTT- su-su 1. v. su. 2. su-su zer-wa ^ ^ denotes the drawing in the breath in blowing up a fire, the lips being nearly clos- ed, to prevent ashes or smoke from enter- ing the mouth. suy reward, recompense, sug-riidn id., sug-rjed mark of honour as a reward Cs. ; pay-suy a bribe, frq. sug-pa I. sbst. 1 . the hand Med. sug- bris handwriting Sch. 2. the lower part of the leg of animals, rtai sug-bzi', *mq-qu* W. id. 3. a medicinal herb Wdn. <7 7 II. vb. to push, jog, nudge a person, in order to waken him, or to make him atten- tive; to push open, a door with a stick Mil. ; sug-pa zig byed-pa Mil., *sug gydb-pa* C. to push, to shove, to displace, *sug ca yin* it will get out of its place W. sug-rmel Cs.: 'a kind of spice, betel, betel-nut' (?); sug-smel Lt. and C. cardamom. |r-q- sud-pa to cough, to breathe with diffi- culty Cs., sud-de si-ba to be choked or suffocated Sch. sun -p a vb. and adj . 1 . to be tired of, weary of, sick of; tired, weary, out of humour rnd-ba mi siin-te not tired of hearing Mil. ; yid sun-par ^gyur-ba to become tired, to get weary of; the more precise form of the adj. is sun-po: *zdg-dan de zd-na sun- po rag or sun-na rag* W. if one eats rice every day, one gets tired of it; *sems sun- po* id.; *'dm-cog sun son* C. one gets tired of hearing C. ; *sd-heb nyen sun run* though it may be disagreeable to you, Sir, to hear it C. ; fugs-sun dgons-pa yin-pa O dug I sup- pose your Reverence will be tired of it Mil.; *sun* (C. *sun*) *cug-ce* to make (a person) sum(-cu)-tig tired of (a thing), to vex, annoy, to stun or drown with noise, to deafen. 2. s&n-par byed-pa Dzl., and more frq. sun-par byin- pa \ . to drown with, to overpower by noise, to silence (thus prob. Mil. ch. 34 init.) ; hence 2. to refute, confute, disprove Tar. 3. c. ace. to insult, defame, disgrace, dishonour Schr., Dzl 999, 1, 3, ^V, 2; Bhar. 67, Schf.; so perh. also sun-pa in the following passage of Mil. : fugs-rje drdg-po sun ma by in we will not put to shame the great favour (of the Lama). 4. to renounce, to resign, sun Jbyin-pai stobs strength to renounce (the world). ^q-rr- sub-pa, pf. (b)subs, fut. bsub, 1. to stop up, plug up, close, cork; to keep Shut, closed, locked up, to stop, ka sna lag- pas to stop one's mouth and nose with one's handL^.; dbugs sub-pa to strangle, suffocate, choke (a person); to fill up, choke up (with earth, rubbish etc.) a lake Glr. ; sna-sub a disease of the nose? Lt. 2. to cover, close, shut up Sch., more frq., fig. rkan-rjes sub- pa to cover the trace or track, to efface every vestige; *ti-pi fur-la sub-ce* to turn down the brim of the hat; to blot out, erase, ri-mo a drawing, bu-lon-pai mih the name of a debtor; to hush up, conceal, cover, e.g. other people's offences; to suppress, to avoid, e.g. obscene words; to allow to settle, the mash, in brewing; in all these instances in W. also *sub-te bor-ce* is used. sum, for ysum, three, in compounds be- fore consonants : sum-cu 30, sum-brgya 300, sum-sto/i 3000; sum-ca, Sch. also sum- yar, a third, the third part, dzam-bu-gUn sum-ca ynyis (or only sum-ynyis) two thirds of Dzambuling (i.e. of the world) Dz., bod sum ynyis two thirds of (all) the Tibetans Ma. ; sum-sky d Sch. a cord of three twisted threads; sum-eu-rtsa-ysum the 33 ancient gods (of the Yedas) ; sum-cu-pa the thirty, i.e. 30 letters, the Tibetan alphabet, sum- cu -pa dan rtags- yug Zam. the alphabet and the punctuation, abbreviated: sum-rtdgs Lexx. sum (.-'' u )-tiy a medicinal herb Mecl sum-pa 575 putrid, rancid, rotten. II. vb., pf. bsums? fut. bsum, Sch. to bind or tie together, to draw together; to condense. sur-na, Pers. i/J, hautboy, larger than the gliii-bu and sounding sharper; for profane use. sur-pdn v. su-m-pan-fsd, colocynth. sur-sur coarse-grained, e.g. grits W. SM an artificial plait or gather made in a dress W. ; furrow, channel, groove, trench, ditch (6k); ri-sul lateral valley, ravine, hollow, ri-sid-gyi gron-Kyer ravine as a haunt of evil spirits; brag-sul narrow ravine between rocks ; ka-sul the fluting in a column; sul-can furrowed, having plaits or folds; sul-ma an angular, not round, vessel; sul-mdl the third stomach of ru- minating animals, the psalterium or book- tripe Sch., sul-mdns Lt. s us 1- instr. of su. 2. Kyeu-sus Grijatcli. 9V, 13, also %.? ^V se 1. Ld. inst. of te after s, e.g. *zos-se* - 2. num.: 118. $j'3pf *0-#0J 1- snapping one's fingers. - 2. the time it takes to do this, i.e. a very short time, a moment, a twinkling 6s., se-gol-gyi sgra the sound produced by snap- ping the fingers, sc-gol-gyi brda a signal given by it 6s.; se-gol ytog-pa Mil., byed- pa Mil., brddb-pa Glr. to snap one's fin- gers as a sign of contempt or indignation. se -t ran yellow beads of a rosary, coming from the central part of Ti- bet, accounted more valuable than *rdg- sa* W. se-diig v. se-si/l. se-drij bsc-dri the disagree- able smell of the sweat of the arm-pits Lt., se-dri bsndm-pa having that smell Pth. se-nam vulgar for bsod-xnyniitx, alms. sc-spur Sch. dung-beetle. **-*><*> 7^-ba, bsc-ba 1. rose-bush, rose- tree ; rose ; yser-mdog-se-ba-me (for me-tog} Lt., prob. the yellow rose; wild roses with beautiful and rich blossoms frequently adorn the slopes of the lower hills in the Hima- laya mountains; whether the se-rgod M/. and the 'wild rose' of 6s. are identical, seems to be questionable; *se-d-um* C. hip, haw. sin-se-ba is mentioned as the food of the silk-worm Glr., hence = ^6-se-sin. 3. thorn? sc-bo gray, skra se-bo gray hair; mgo se-bo (resp. dbu sc-bo) a gray-headed person. In col. language many things which we call gray, are styled white. se- bru, seu (C. *sen-du if , W. *sem-ru*) pomegranate. se-mo-do or se-mo-to Mil. a kind of ornament, e.g. made of pearls. se-moyC.i\\e venereal disease ; se-iind syphilitic ulcers Sch. - se-ydb, bse-ydb fig Med. se-ra, n. of a large monastery near Lhasa. Pf se-raff-dur-smdn carrot W. se-rel half open, *se-rel citg-cc* to open half (doors, lids, covers etc.) W. _^i. ^-. se-sin, bse-sitl 6s.: 'atree or shrub, good for hedges , se-dug i. poison contained in that shrub. 2. = se-mog 6s. ^jen- ^cn'^cn' sef J> se 9- s W obliquely, awry, 1 sideways, si-y-y cod-pa Cs., *seg-dhK-la dhd-wa* C., *8eg-t]<:-la dij-ce* W' to cut off obliquely (opp. to *ft?-kan-la* straight 6".). scg-ma small stones, gravel W. ' sen v. yseii. qj- scn-gc, W. *sih-ge*, lion, sch-ge-nw ' lioness, ^'n-i/cl rdl-pa the niaue ot ' sen-lddn 576 a lion; sen-get Kri fff^mf a throne ('said to be so called from its being supported by golden lions' Will.); sen-mgo lion's head Glr.\ sen-ydon-ma Sch., = si-ha-mu-ka lion's face, a goddess, Glr.; sen-pri<g a lion's whelp, scn-fsdn a lion's den. sen-lddn S.g , sen-fserWdn., a tree growing on the southern, lower ranges of the Himalayas, having red wood, and a bark which by poor people is used for tea (sdon-ja); its sap serves as an offi- cinal drug, Lt.; ace. to Sclif. <|^ Acacia Catechu. ^-F>> ^eh-po 1. clean, white, cf. sky a - sen. 2. Sch.: thin, airy, transparent, not dense or tight, sen-sen id. (Sch.: open, free, roomy, spacious); skye-bo seh-seh-por yyur they be- came very thin, lean, pale people, *sin-sin- po, sings-po* W. id.; sen-rds Sch., *sin-yol* W. a thin curtain, thin cotton cloth. seti-ba, pf. bsans, fut. bsah, bsen, to lift up, to raise what was hanging down or drooping W. *san co-ce or tan-ce* to lift up (the eyes, the hands, the dress etc.) ; sku-kdms bseh-ba-la O byon (his Reve- rence) goes to take some recreation Mil.; Kam-s dub-pa sen-ba to refresh the wearied body Mil.; /cams rmugs-pa bsen-bai rlun- ndd bracing air; skyo-bsdn-ba to unbend the mind, to divert one's self; skyo-se'n-la ^gro-ba (resp. Jbyon-pa) to take a walk, sen-la mdzdd-pa to drive out, to take the air in a carriage Pth.; mya-ndn bsdiis-te consolatory, giving comfort Pth. sen -* in > sen-sdn v. yseg- sdn. " sed a file, ^cag-sP* id., *siti-se'* a rasp. sen-fdbs Mil? sen-mo, resp. p e yag-sen or zabs-sen, nail of a fingeror toe; sen-fog a gripe, pinch, nip, twitch; a pinch (of snuff) sen- mo O de'bs-pa, W. *tdb-ce or gydb-ce* to pinch, squeeze, *scn-cus gydb-ce* to bore with the knuckles Wl; sen-tsdm Sch. as much as may be put on a finger-nail, a small quantity; sen-zo a white spot, such as will sometimes appear on the nails of the fingers. seb v. yseb. sem > usuallv sems i Sstc - *P?T> res p- soul; esp. as power of perception and volition, mind, cf. yid and bio; sems na the mind is disturbed, disordered Mug.; scm Jcruys-pa a mind agitated and troubled by sorrow, affliction, vexation etc., sem R6h-du (or Icotis- su} cud-pa one very much grieved, deeply concerned ; sem cuii-ba a timid mind, *sem fser-can* W. a compassionate disposition, *sem nye-mo* W. a friendly disposition ; sem yso-baB. } *sem so tdn-ce or cug-ce* W. to console, comfort, appease; the mind as ima- ginative faculty, intellectual power, sem stor- ba to lose one's senses Do. ; spirit, kun-'/zii sem the (eternal) spirit (opp. to O byiin-ba bzii lus the material, perishable body) Mil. ; sem-kyi spyod-pa intellectual power, mental faculties W<Z.; dhos-po fains- odd rdn-gi semsyin-te i SiS things with me are only mind', i.e. as they exist only in my mind, in my imagination T/igr., cf. Was. (136); sem -la ma son 'it did not enter his mind', he had no mind, did not like W. ; sems <gyur (his) mind is changed, sems sgyur-ba to change one's mind, /nsvavotlv; bzod-paisems patient indurance, fortitude, constancy; ynod-sems malice; ses-rdb dan Iddn-pai sems wisdom, knowledge; sems skyed-pa, c.genit, to suffer thoughts or inclinations to rise in one's mind, as e.g. O dod-cdgs-kyi libidinous (thoughts), frq.; also: to nourish, indulge (desires, pas- sions), to give way to them ; often used for our reflective verbs: sems smdd-pa to humble one's self (mi zig-la before a person) ; also : bddg-gi sems-la smad he blamed, scolded, himself Dzl. ?^S, 3, cf. lus. Comp. sems-mKan intelligent, sensible, sems-mlcan mi ycig kyah ma byun not one sensible person was present Glr.scms-Jh'dl a mind afflicted, painfully agitated Sch. sems-can animated being, man, animal, very frq. ; sems-can dan Iddn-pa being with child, pregnant; sems-can-dmydl-ba = dmydl-ba" sem(s)-pa 577 sel-ba sems-nyid Glr., Thgy., 'the very soul', but this is often nearly the same as 'spirit', and in the language of the N. T. it may fitly be used for nvV(.ia, and fugs-nyid for jivsT'iia ayinv, Holy Spirit. sems - rten keepsake, token Pth. and col. sems-don an intellectual or spiritual good, gift, or pos- session Mil. sems-bde cheerful, merry Mil. - sems-ndd heart-grief, affliction, sems-kyi ndd-du ce he has much heart-grief Glr. sems-dpd a brave mind; byan-cub-sems-dpd v. by an- cub', sems-dpa-cen-po, TT^TOTcr, a frq. apposition to it. sems-tsam a mere thought, idea Was. (134), sems-tsam-ya^Cs.: ^tTRT^l) a mystic Kopp. II, 25. sems- fser fatigue, weariness, disgust Sch. sem(s)-pa, pf. sems, bsams, fat. bsam, imp. som, W. *sdm-ce*, to think, Q di snydm-du sems-so or bsdms-so he thought as follows, he had the following thoughts; log-par sem-pa to think ill (of a person) DzL; to meditate, muse, ponder, sem-bzin-du absorbed in meditation, lost in thought DzL, mi-dgd-bar sem-sin, immersed in melancholy thoughts DzL; in C. *sem- zin-du* signifies at the present time : know- ingly, wilfully, purposely, = ses bzin-du', sin-tu soms sig think over it seriously ! DzL ; to think of, c. accus., grdh-bai ynas (to think) of a cool place, i.e. to long for coolness DzL, and c. dat.: rdn-gi yul-la ma bsdm- par forgetful of home, forgetting one's native soil Glr., yi-ge O di-la ma bsdm-par disre- garding this contract Glr. ; also with terrain. : )-zdn-du ma sems sig do not think of any- body else; to intend, purpose, have in view, e.g. ynod-par byd-bar to do harmZ)^.; construed in the same manner, it also sig- nifies: to fancy, imagine Do.; with dan O drd- bar and similar expressions: to hold, think, consider, to take for, to look upon as; da O k'6r- bai nyes-dmigs bsdm-ses-na (for bsdm-zin) now that you know with full consciousness the punishment of (going through) the cycle (of animal existences) Mil. (yet cf. bsdm- ses in bsdm-pd). Sometimes it denotes only an actof memory, a remembering : Ihd-cos fos- i-byed-pa-rnams those who have heard and kept in their memory the religion of Bud- dha, (who remember the words even without understanding them) Mil. Cf. bsdm-pa. ^jq- seu 1. a little tooth Lt. 2. pome- ^ granate. ser ) ser-ru corruption, putre- faction? *mdr-la ser-ru gyab* C. the butter turns yellow and rancid, ser- can rancid S.g. ser-ka, ser-Ka, ser-ga 1. a cleft, slit, fissure, crevice, gap, brag-ser chasm or cleft in a rock; rgya-ser a large gap, cleft, chasm; ser-ka sub-pa to close, stop up a hole Pth. 2. v. ser-po. ^W ser-skyd Lamas and laymen, *ser-kyd " kun O dum-majhe'-pa* a promiscuous convention, parish council C. 2. v. skyd-bo. ser-kyim-pa a sect of Lamas = dbon-po. l' ser-ga-maSch. turmeric, Curcuma. ser-ce Lt. a yellow aquatic flower; *ser-cen* W. Saxifraga flagcllaris. ser-sna avarice, frq. ; ser-sna byed-pa to be avaricious DzL ser-po yellow; ser- pren clerical pro- cession, parade Mil.nt. ser-ba hail; ser-Krdl a kind of in- surance against damage done by hail, i.e. money paid to the Lama for his pre- ventive ceremonies. ser-bu v. bser-bu. ser-mo 1. C. col. finger. 2. W. six-rowed barley, late barley. ser- mo-ba the Lamas Sch. sel 1. discord, dissension, nan-sel do- mestic dispute. 2. a kind of incan- tation, like brtad, sel ^jug-pa to exorcise, to make use of conjurations or incantations Mil. s el-ba, pf., fut. bsal, imp. sol, to remove, esp. impurities, hence to cleanse; to pick, pick off; to blot out, cross out, bu-lon a debt; to clear, *lam sdl-ce* W. to make a path or road ; very frq. fig. : to remove, to remedy (an evil), to cure (a disease), to repair (a damage), to redress grievances), to dispel (darkness) etc. 37 578 so-so f so, I. sbst. 1. resp. fsms, tooth, sten-so, yd-so upper tooth ; ^og-so, md-so lower tooth; mdun-so Sch. ycdd-so, Sty. so-dn't/t fore-tooth, front-tooth; sbubs-so, grdm-so, rdh-fag-so Sch. Iddn-so cheek-tooth, molar- tooth, grinder, mce-so Cs , *cod-ten-so* W. eye-tooth, corner-tooth, canine -tooth. 2. tooth of a saw, wheel, comb. 3. edge of a knife. II. sbst. for sa, in conjunction with certain words, e.g. nan-sor skye-ba to be born in an inferior place Mil. ; v. also raw-so, so'r- bzag-pa, Q Krul-so. III. sbst. joy (?), so Isod-pa id. Cs. and Lex.; cf. no-so. IV. sbst., also Z>so, look-out, guard, spying, so byed-pa to spy, to look out; so-Kun peep- hole; so'-pa keeper, guard, watchman, spy, emissary, zas nor bdud-kyi so-pa yin money and dainties are the devil's emissaries Mil.; me-bso a guard or watch kept by several persons round afire; so-sgra 1. watchword, = sgar-min. 2. v. comp. "V. grammatical termination: * ten -so* pro vine, for rten-no C., also G/r. VI. num. for sum-cu in the abbreviated numbers 31 -39. VII. num.: 148. Comp. so-gri a saw. so-sc/ra the whist- ling through the teeth, in the magic per- formances of the Bonpo, so-sgra O debs-pa Glr. so-cdg a broken tooth. so-dreg tartar? Med. so-bud a tooth that has come out. so-mdn comb. so-0o' a small white spot on a tooth, cf. sen-zo. so-zed tooth- brush. so-sih toothpick. so-srub gap in the teeth Sch. so-ga = sos-ka. " so'-ca n. of an emetic Mcd. so-ndm(s) agriculture, husbandry, so-ndmsbyed-pa to till the ground, to practise agriculture, farming, sgrub-pa, O bdd-pa id., so-ndm-pa Cs. husbandman, farmer. ^f J" so-pa v. so IV. so-pa-ri Cs. a kind of berry, bene- ficial to the teeth. s -pdy brick, tile; also collective noun, brickwork, tiling. so-ba coarse, thick-shelled barley, used for fodder. so ~% a an aquatic bird S.g. so-ma 1. sbst. SsL (prop, a climbing plant the juice of which was offered in libations to the gods and was also wor- shipped itself, on account of its intoxicating qualities, hence) : hemp, also ytso-ma, btso- ma; so-ma-rd-dza id., so-ma-rd-dzai ras hemp-linen Schr., so-ma-rd-dzai fdg-pa hempen rope Pth. 2. adj. new, fresh, esp. W. *so-me ndn-na zer gos* this ought to have been mentioned directly (when it was still fresh in every body's memory). so ' fsis > s - fs ^ s house - keeping, management of domestic concerns, husbandry, cf. so - nam agriculture. so-lug lees of liquors, yeast of beer Sch. so-% high-road, causeway W. so-so' distinct, separate, singly, indi- vidually, zas so-soi Idg-tu ^ons-so the victuals came into the hands of the indi- vidual persons DzL; so-so-nas adv. frq.: so- so'- was snod bzed-de 'singulatim', each for himself, holding forth his vessel DzL ; va- rious e.g. *na so-so* W. for sna-fsogs of B.; diverse, different sdm-pa so-so different opi- nions, a dissension; separate, distinct, so- so' byed-pa, W. *so-so co-ce* to separate, disjoin, divide, so-soV bzdg-pa, T^ r .*so-sd bor- ce* to set, put, lay apart. so-so* skye-bo, TraT5fT, prop, one separated (from the saints), one outside the pale, a man of the lower classes, of low caste; with Buddhists: a layman, and as to his spiritual condition: a man in his natural state, one not yet en- lightened (like tyv%ixog I Cor. 2, 14, though on account of its derivation, the above term cannot well be used for the Greek word); also the lower classes of clerical persons, monks. so-sd(s)- far-pa, so-far, 579 son-pa liberation, deliverance, so-so-far-pai mdo the book of deliverance, code of the moral law, containing about 250 precepts for the priesthood, the monastic rules of the Bud- dhists. so-so-cd a medicinal herb, an emetic sog 1. v. sob. 2. for *srog* U. - sog-pa I. sbst , also sogs-pa, shoul- der-blade, scapula, sog-pai me-lon the flat part of it, soy-yu the narrow extre- mity of it ; sog-mo O debs-pa (v. mo III.) to divine from the shoulder-blade; sog-lhu shoulder as a piece of meat for boiling (I Sam. 9, 24). 2. vb. (also : ysog-pa, bsog- pa, sogs-pa) pf. (b)ags, fut. bsag, imp. sogs, bsag, W. *sdg-ce*, to gather, heap up, hoard up, pral sog- )og-med-pa without having collected and deposited the daily requisites, the things wanted every day Mil., bsod- nams sog-pa Mil., fsogs sog-pa frq. to col- lect, to hoard up merits of virtue, las-nan sog-pa to heap up sins; ysog-lddn morbid matter consisting in too great an accumu- lation of humours, ni f., Med.; dmdg-gi dpun sog-pa to collect an army DzL; to assemble, children Glr. ; hence *sag(s)* W. all (of them), *lug sag tsam* how many sheep are there in all? s g-p a Mongol Glr., sog-mo a Mon- gol woman, sog-prug Mongol child, Mongol boj,sog-cds Mongol dress or fashion of dress, sog-rta Mongol horse. sog-ma blade, stalk; straw; sog-Jbru Sch. green corn that begins to sprout ; sog-fsigs a knot on a stalk Cs.; sog-sbur a small blade of straw, chaff Ptli.; sog-mai Jbu- la a shoe of straw; sog-ru, sog -rum, sog- Idum stubbles. fc-fo B ; C., *cad-sdg, gya-sog* W. a saw, sog-les ycod-pa B. to saw to pieces, *gya-sog srul-ce* W. to saw; sog-le- Ka the toothed edge of a saw, also botanical term. : serrate, serrated (of leaves) Wdn. sogs and so forth, and the like, mostly preceded by la : mi-la sogs-pai srog- cdgs homo et cetera animantia, prop, the be- ings in addition to man; ba-ddn-la sdgs- pas brgydn-te decorated with little flags and the like; less frq.: la sogs-te, inst. of which always la-sogs-pa or pai may be used; often sogs alone, also in prose; after (la) sogs(-pa) usually a comma is to be supplied, and the words following are to be consider- ed as an apposition : yi-ge rtsis-la sogs-pa rig-pai ynas Ina writing, arithmetic and so on, the five sciences ; hence often applicable, when a comprehensive noun appellative does not exist: ysersogs gold and the other, viz. metals, Glr.; tsa sogs ysum the three fea-sounds, tsa, fsa and dza Gram. Note. In course of time the original grammatical sense seems to have been for- gotten, in as much as la is now read to- gether with soys-pa, and often also the dot separating the syllables is omitted. ^-. sou perf. and imp. of O gro-ba to go, 1. I went, I have (thou hast etc.) gone, v. ^gro-ba 1 and 2, e.g. der son yod-pas when he had gone thither Pth., son - son -ba- las going on continually, DzL, continuing to do a thing Dzl. ; son-ba yin it is gone, it is no longer extant Mil. ; dbdn-du son (he or it) came into the power of. . . S.g. ; da sdig- pa-la son-na Ttyy. if we now go on to (the topic of sins) W. : *da-run na ma son* it is not yet past five o'clock; *'i-ne sdn-pa 'a tsuy-pa* from, here (adverbially, like bzuns- te} to that place Ld.', imp.: *di-ru ma dug! son!* do not stand here! walk on! 2. be- came, turned etc. Kyi-mo zig-tu son she be- came a bitch, was changed into a bitch Mil., dkdr-por son it turned white Glr., *don ndg- po son* W. his face grew dark; *bi-gdn son* W. a hole has been made, it got a hole; *gydl-se Ka-cud sdn-ne* as she got a taste for the town W.; *nod cu gan son* the vessel was already full of water (when I came) W. *soti-fo* W. account of expenses. sod-pa 1. C. to wake, rouse. 2. sometimes for ysod-pa. son rarely for son ; frq. only in ndr-son- pa, v. na. j. son-pa 1. v. son. 2. v. ys6n-pa, yson-po. 37* 580 sob srdn-ma soo 1. also sog, ysob, ysog, null, void, vain, empty, bad in its quality, not dur- able. 2. also ysob something stuffed (as a chair), nan-sob, Jcon-sob, K6g-sob Wdn. prob. id. ; sob-stdn cushion, bolster, mattress, pags- sob the stuffed skin of an animal, seii^-gei) sob the stuffed skin of a lion Pth. jrrr som 1. also ysom, som-sin fir-tree, pine- tree. 2. also soras, imp. of sem-pa. ^TX- sor 1. also /sor, gimlet, rus-pa Jbugs- pai sor S.g. prob. a sort of trephine. 2. v. sor-mo. 3. v. sar, sor bzag-pa to put in its place {Sch. also: 'quite the same'?); rdn-sor v. ran compounds. 4. (cognate to so -ma?) sor cud-pa (Sch. O jud-pd) to restore, renew, e.g. exhausted strength DzL, the doctrine of Buddha Pth. 5. term, of so. sor-mo, resp. pyag-sor Mil., zabs- sor, 1. finger, toe; sor-ydub finger- ring, sor-fsigs the joint of a finger. 2. inch, sor-bzi-pa four-inched. ^fOfCV & ol-ba coal, esp. charcoal, = sol-nag-, sol-bai me coal-fire Lt. ; *sol-me* W. live coal, burning coal. S 1-P res P- Wendly, kind, affable C., W. sos 1. inst. of so, sos btdb-pa to bite, Sch. also to backbite, to calumniate. 2. v. yso-ba and O fso-ba. so ' s ~^ so '"^ a ' L in Tibet: spring, = dpyid, Mil 2. in India: the hot season, from about the middle of April till the middle of June. * sos-ddl or sos-bsdal Sch. : slow. sos-zin disease of the membrum virile, in five forms (prob. differ- ent stages of gonorrhea) Mng. xj-n* sr d-ba 1. adj., also srd-bo and srd-mo ^ Cs., col. *srdn-te* (cf. srdn-pa), hard, solid, compact, firm, and abstract noun : SO- lidity, hardness, compactness, of wood, meat etc., and often fig. : yzu-srdn a bow diffi- cult to be \)eniS.g.,rgas-srd hearty vigorous old age S.g.; mfson Jcar sra proof against cut and thrust, also: proof against malicious words Mil. sra-brkyan, coarse blanket of a monk. sa-rtsi varnish. 2. vb. W., to empty. _. . sran I. (cf. sroh-ba) 1. pair of scales, ^ balance B., srdn-la O degs-pa Cs., fzdl- ba, fsdd-pa Sch., srdn-ba Sp. to weigh, to balance. 2. steel-yard, *sran tdg-ce* to hold the steel-yard, in weighing. 3. weight, in a general sense, bre-srdn weight and measure, rgya-srdn Chinese weights Cs. 4. an ounce, sran gdn one ounce , sran do two ounces, sman srdn %%, two pounds of medicine, the daily quantity taken by Bud- dha when he had caught cold Dzl. L3,3. srdn-ca Sch. balance and what belongs to it. sran-mdd scale-beam or lever of a pair of scales Sch. sran-por scale. sran-fsdd Cs. weight. srdn-ba vb. v. above. II. street, lam-srdn id. ; sran-ydr Sch. : tortuous path, labyrinth (?). rgya-srdh street, lane Glr. ; rgyu-srdh the road which a person habitually walks. srdn-bu thread, yarn, dZ-6a, sgril-ba. "SJ* srdd-ma v. srdn-ma. sran ~P a (cf'Srd-bd) Cs.: pf.fut.osraw, imp. sron,W. *srdn-ce* to suffer, bear (with patience), endure, to be hardened W. frq., *srdn-fub-fcan or srdn-feg-Kan* one that can endure much; *Kyod sran gos* Ld. you must hold out, you must stand it; in B. sran O dzugs-pa is used in the same sense; *Kydg-sran-can* hardened, accustomed to frost, *dug-sran-can* inured to hardships W. *srdn-te* col. frq. adj.: 1. srd-ba (opp. to Ihod-po and O bol-mo) hard, firm, durable, rigid, strict. 2. fig. hard, severe, bitter. sdug-srdn hardiness Mil. ; sran-ce-ba = srdn-fub-mfcan. Cs.: srdn-pa sbst. hard- ship, severe distress or toil, srdn-par toil- somely, rigorously, srdn-pa-po one that hardens himself (?). _... ^Tr-r srdn-ma, srdd-ma I. pease, H \ > HI beans, lentils, Cs. mentions also srad-dkdr,srad-ndg and srad-s/ton, also mKal-srdn, in W., however, we only met with the common field pea and some dry imported Indian sorts of it (mon-srdn); rgya-srdn (Cs. mon-srdn) was the name the srab srid natives were inclined to give to our Euro- pean bean. sran-pun a heap of pease, sran-pub pease-straw, sran-pye flour of pease, sran-me blossom of pease. 2. grain, like rdog-po, e.g. of Indian corn; even Icdgs- kyi sran-cun Wdn. grains of shot(?). ^jq- srab bridle, rtai\ srab sga stan fsdn-po "^ a complete riding-gear; *srab cug-ce* W. to bridle, to bit (a horse), *srab gyur-ce* to govern, to rein (a horse) srab-skyogs Cs. the reins, srab-lcags Cs. the bit srab- mfur Sch. the halter. srab-mdd Stg., Ld.: *sram-dd* reins. srdb-paB., *srdb-mo*W. thin, tender, fine, e.g. skin Dzl, cloth, leather, paper, clouds; shallow, loose, nnt close; srab- mftl Sch. inner sole, welt ; srab-mfug thick- ness, dimension. ^P'lpT srab-srib Cs. dark, obscure. ^tj- sram, ^r 1. otter, the flesh of which is considered very nourishing, the liver is used as a remedy for strangury S </., but encountering this animal is regarded as an evil omen S.y.; cu-sram id.? (Cs. beaver?) nyd-sram Mil., either the same, or: fishes and otters; brag-srdm rock-otter? sable? *ka-lon-sram* W. prob. sable; it is nearly black and stated to live near Yarkand, in the mountains as well as in the flat country. The ear- coverings worn by the ladies of Ladak are made of the fur of this animal. 2. otter-skin, sable-skin. 5^' srar adv. Sch. : severely, rigorously. ^ sros(-po) resp. for bu, son, child, dpon-srds, rgyal-srds son of the sovereign, a prince ; rgyal-srds also : son of Buddha, a Buddha; lka(i) sros(-po) 1. son of a god ZteZ. 2. a prince; fugs-srds spiritual son or daughter Mil. ; in this sense sras may be applied to females: sans-rgyds-kyi sras ddg-pao she has become a spotless child of Buddha Dzl. srds-bu = sras. srds-mo daughter, young lady, princess. sras-fsdb Cs. adopted child. sri 1. a species of devil or demon, de- vouring esp. children, a vampire, also sri-ndn Schl, cun-sriGlr.,pun-sri Mil. a devil bringing misfortune; they are supposed to live in underground places, and are there- fore also called mds-kyi sri', sri Ian a devil rises from below ; sri non-pa B., *ndn-ce* W. to lay, suppress a devil. |w.q. sri-ba I. pf. bsris, fut. bsri, 1. to retain, e.g. bsdn-ba, ycin constipation, stran- gury. 2. to be parsimonious, niggardly, esp. with nor; sba-sri-med-par fndn-ba Mil. to give unsparingly, to bestow very liberally; *sri-ses-Icari* W. parsimonious. II. W. to wind, to wrap round, for dkri-ba. |ftsr sri-zu, less frq. srid-zu, respect, rever- ^ 4 ence, deference, sri-zu-pa, sri-zu-mKan one paying his regards, his respects, show- ing deference. |V--q. srin-ba pf. bsrins, fus. bsrih 1. (cog- nate to rin-ba} to extend, stretch, stretch out, the arm, to hand, reach, *de dul son, nd-la srin ton* it has fallen down, hand it to me W.; to fling far away C. 2. to postpone, put off, O ci-bai fse Glr. the term of death; to prolong, fse life S.g.; to wait, to tarry, *'d-fsig srin* Lh. wait a little, *dag- sa yoh-na fsa-big srin-te yon?* shall (I, you, he etc.) come directly or after a while? Ld.; *nam dir Irin-ce ca dug?* how long shall you stay here? W. 3. to send (slcur-ba Lex.} prin, yo-bydd Sch. 4. skyed-sriii-ba to bring up, train up, to rear Glr. sri'*- sis * er (f a ma l e person, cf. miii-po) bu-srin, min-srln, resp. team- srin brother and sister, cousins. |^-. srid 1. length, extension, pug srid-du ' Kru-bco-brgydd-pa a cavern 18 cubits long Tar.', more frq. with regard to time: O di or de-srid^-kyi bar^-du (for) so long (a time), ci-srid-du, also ci-srid-de, how long (a time)? also: as long as; when followed by yan: be it ever so long (in this case )i would be more correct); also srid-par, or srid alone, for srid-du. 2. dominion, gov- ernment, srid-la ma O cdm-pas falling out with one another about the government Glr., esp. rgyal-srid, dban-snd id. ; srid byed-pa to reign, to govern, arid Q fs6-ba id. Dzl.; O di ynyis-kyi srid gah ydd-mams prog he 582 srun-ba seized upon their territorial shares Glr.; bla- srid Cs. a Lama's dominion. sde-srid province; cos-srid clerical government, ec- clesiastical dominion. 3. ruler, commander, regent, reigning prince; so also in the com- pounds just mentioned. 4fc*T srid-pa I. vb., l.to be, to exist (?). 2. to be possible, often preceded by yan; skye-ba dan^ig-pa kun-la srid-na since springing up and passing away is the lot of all men DzL; pan -pa zig srid healing is possible Pth.; O di-las sla yan srid it might be easier (for me) then than now DzL:, de- bzin-du bden srid snydm-nas thinking this might possibly be true; the verb is usually put in the infinitive mood terminating in pa: de yin-pa-ah srid after all it might be this man, it might be he Mil.; O dir ^6h-ba mi srid -do, bod-du bros-pa srid he will scarcely come back, he will have escaped to Tibet Glr.; sometimes with the root of the verb : yon mi srid Mil. ; bday far kyan srid- kyis as it is a possible case, that we might be released DzL ; ma srid big about the same as: God forbid! by no means! In W. nearly = to be obliged: *Kyer-wa-la srid* now it will be my lot, now I shall be obliged, to carry (twice as much), *sdd-ce-la srid* (B.: bab or fug) he deserves death, he must die. II. sbst. ^j^t 1. existence, state of being, life, srid-pa yzan nydms-su myoh-ba to ex- perience, to pass through, other periods of existence Wdh., sridptji-ma Sch.: the future period of life, of existence. 2. things existing, the world, srid(-pa) ysum the three worlds, srid-pai Jcor-lo Cs.: the revolving system (the world's cycle); srid-pai mfso the ocean of existence, srid-pai cu-klun cen- po the stream of existence Mil.; also a single being, commonly however srid-pa-pa; bdr- doi srid-pa, bdr-srid-pa Thyy., bdr-ma-doi srid-pa-pa Sty. the beings in the Bardo, v. bar-do. The meaning of srid in srid-pai bar-do, and income other expressions, have yet to be determined. 3. symb. num. : 14. . : a sort of flint-stone. srin -gl an LtJ W. *srin-gldn-can* having the staggers (of horses); being mad. srin-po, Ssk. <|^q, fern, srin-mo, demons, figuring in Indian and Ti- betan mythology. They are supposed to be, for the most part, of an enormous size, ge- nerally hostile to mankind, going about at night, to ensnare and even to devour human beings. Their chief abode was Ceylon, and also Tibet was originally inhabited by them. The Tibetans are even said to be the de- scendants of an ape (sent by, or emanated from, Avalokiteshvara) and of a Tibetan Srinmo. brdy-srin rock-Srinpo or Srinmo; O dre-srin goblins and Srinpos; cu-srin v. the following article. srin-bu, = O bu, insect, worm, vermin ; srin-bu pdd-ma (srin-pa Sik.) leech, srin-bu me-Jcyer glow-worm ; rgyu-srin, fcon- srin intestinal worm; pyi-srin vermin living on the skin Lt.\ ddr-srin silk-worm; srin- bdl ace. to Wdn. = rds-bdl cotton, Sch., Schr.: flock-silk; raw silk; srin-byd nocturnal bird, owl etc. Lt.; srin-for small ulcer or tumour; srin-sin Med. } Sch. : mulberry-tree; cu-srin a monster living in the water. srin-ldy the ring-finger. srib(s) 1. darkness, gloom, night. 2. shady side, north side of a moun- tain. srib-pa vb., to grow dark or dusky, 6'. : *sa srib son* night has begun. sriu-ndy mulberry-tree. 5[GJ" sril Sch. silk-worm. fsru Glr., sru-mo Lex. and C. mother's sister, aunt. ^P1"J" sru 9~P a > W. for sprug-pa, srub-pa ^2, ' and dkrug-pa: L to shake, to shake out. 2. to stir, stir up, twirl. 3. to shake, to make to totter. srun-ba I. vb., pf. (b)sruns, fut. bsruh, imp. (b}srun(s), Ssk. ^, 1. to watch, to keep guard intrs.; but gen. trans., i.e. to watch, to keep, to guard, to keep in custody, the house DzL; to save from, to pro- srun-pa 583 sre-ba tect, to shelter, e.g. lus, the body, but also : to keep unpolluted, pure, chaste; bdag srun- ba to guard one's self, in a special sense: to live as a bdag-sriih, as a hermit DzL; to preserve, bdag ynod-pa fams-cdd-las srutls sig may I be preserved from every harm ! Do.', with la: bddg-la srun-du ysol I pray to preserve, to protect me Do. 2. to beware of, to guard against, lus dan ndg-gi nyes-pa DzL, lus dan nag srun-ba (v. above no. 1) DzL 3. to keep, to observe faithfully, a promise, laws; bkd - srun - mKan obedient, faithful, trustworthy. - 4. to hinder, forbid, prohibit, rigs-kyis, bddg-pos, cos-kyis srun it is forbidden, it is prohibited, by the degree of kindred, by the husband, by religion in general Thgy.-, to prevent, to be a preser- vative or preventive 84. 5. to wait, = srin- ba, e.g. *zag nyi* for two days W. II. sbst. 1. the keeping, guarding, the heed, guard. 2. the person or the thing keeping, guarding, esp. amulet, preventive, preser- vative, btdgs-pa to suspend (an amulet, to the neck or other part of the body). Comp. and deriv. srun - skud, - K6r or -mdud an amulet consisting of threads. srun-mKan keeper, guardian, watchman, *fsdn- la srun - Kan* W. (night-) watchman; srun- pa B. = srun-mEan, bzd-sin-ra-ba srun-pa keeper of a fruit-garden DzL; srun-po Cs. = srun-mKan ; srun-ma B. id., dmyal-bai srun-ma guardian of the infernal regions frq. DzL ; cos-sky on-bai srun-ma fams-cdd all the tutelar gods of religion Mil. ; collect- ively: body of watchmen, Ihd-rnams-kyi srun-ma ddn-po the first corps of watchmen of the gods, the Naga; rgydl-poi srufi-mai mi the men of the king's body-guard Stg. srun-sems the taking heed, being cautious. srun -P a > bsrun-pa, calm, soft , mi | d? aD d : mildness, gentleness, meekness; srun-po adj. = srun- pa, esp. of horses: quiet, tame; sin-tu mi- bsrun-zin very malicious, malignant, of de- mons Mil. srub v. srus. . srub-pa, pf. imp. (6)srw6s, fut. bsrub, 1. to stir, stir up, stir about, zo srub- pa to churn, to make butter. 2. to rum- mage, to rake up, to stir, to turn over. - 3. to rub, two pieces of wood against each other Wdn. *srub-ih* C. 1. twirling- stick. 2. mischiefmaker, disturber of the peace. *rub* 1. a cleft, slit, gap, fissure, brag- srubs chasm or cleft in a rock, smaller than ser-ka Mil; intermediate space, interval, interstice; rent in a dress; disunion, sepa- ration ; wound Lt. ; srubs Jbye Lt., srubs O for Sch. a severing, a wound has been made; srubs ytor-ba to rend asunder, to tear Sch. *fsem-srub dol-ce* W. to rip, to cut open a seam. 2. seam? 3. W. col. for srus. srum resp. for meat, flesh of animals used as food, srum-K6g an animal slaughtered and cut up, for a person of quality. srul-po 1. evil demon, malignant spirit Mil. ; lus-srul-po Lex. sorcerer. 2. putrid, rotten Cs. srul-ba, pf. and fut. bsrul, I. to be corrupted, decomposed, of the hu- mours of the body Wdn. II. W. *srul-ce, =si-ug-ce* 1. to stir, * fug- pa* the soup, to mix and stir, *cu-la pe* flour with water. 2. to shove, to move, to and fro, *pdg-te srul-ce* to plane, *cad-sog srul-ce* to saw. 3. *fa si-ul-ce* to put a horse to a gallop ? srus, W. also *srub*, unripe ears of wheat etc. *srub nye-ce* W. to rub them between the hands; the grains, thus being shelled, are considered a rural dainty; o brds-kyi srus a shelled grain of rice. _._.... srus-pa Sch. to thicken, to become more consistent, by evaporation, by boiling. j.j-. sre-da Wdn., sred %., a species of ^ corn(?). sre-ndg Lex. soot; W. *sre-mda*. sre-ba I. sbst. a certain shrub 6s. 584 sre-mog srog II. vb., pf. bsres, fut. bsre, imp. (b^sres, trans, to O dre-ba 1. to mix with, to mingle, to admix, mdr-la sre-ba to mix with butter Lt., can cu sre-ba to mix beer with water Med.; dreu sre-ba to breed mules; bsres-pa mixed up, confused, of a narration Tar.; fig. fca or lus sre-ba to communicate with another, i.e. to live, to eat, drink, smoke with a person Do.; skyid sdug sre-ba to share pleasure and pain, joy and sorrow Glr.; W., like *ze-ce*, to exchange for: *zan dan srog* to risk one's life for a subsistence. 2. to add; to add up, cast up, sum up Wdk., *nyl dan nyl sre zi* 2 and 2 make 4 W. sre-mog v. sre-ndg. sre-mon weasel, prob. = *la-Kyi-mo* W.; sre-mo Lex. sre-lon 1. Sch. : the sinew above the heel. 2 n. of a medicine? ^rcjr^r sreg-pa I. sbst. (W. *srag-pa*} par- tridge. II. vb., pf. (b~)sregs, fut. bsreg, imp. (b~)sreg(s), W. * srdg-ce* to burn, i.e. 1. to consume, to destroy by or with fire (mes, me- ld} e.g. a corpse, ddg-mo, or W. *ndn-tan*, altogether, entirely, dgra an enemy (sc. in effigy); sbyin-sreg burnt-offering; to make red- hot, Icags-bsregs red-hot iron Thgy. 2. to roast, fry, bake, on a spit C., or in a pan, *mdr-la* in butter W.; *td-gir srdg-ce* to bake bread W.; to tan, to make swarthy, nyi-mas (to be tanned) by the sun Dzl.; bsre'g-fcan Sch. shed for storing up fire-wood. xjr* sren, mi-sren C. = mi-rkydn, v. rkyan- pa. $fc sred v. sre-da. sred-rgyal-ma a deity of the Bonpo Mil. sred-pa 1. vb., sbst., adj. to desire, the (lesire, desirous, zds-la of food Lt., Ka-fsai ro-la of acid or hot substances Med.) rol-mo-la (liking) music Stg.; yul- sred-pa cun-ba not much attached to his native country; )ig-rten(-la') sred-pa ava- rice, covetousness Mil., O dod-sred-can cove- tous, greedy Pth., cdgs-sred-can lecherous, libidinous Pth. ; sred-pa-las yons-su grol-ba quite free of any desire, (so is Buddha); sred-po Cs. lover, sred-ma Cs. sweet-heart. 2. symb. num. : 8. f sren (?) floor W. srel-ba, pf. and fut. bsrel 6s., W. *srdl ce* to bring up, to rear, to nurse up, to train, infants, young animals, *srdl- Kan* nourisher, fosterer, nurse etc. 5J$T ares Ts. = zi-gil q.v. ^r sro, resp. fugs-sro. W., heat, ardour, pas- s sion, wrath, anger, *sro yon* anger rises (in a person), he (etc.) grows angry, *sro bob, sro bud* the anger abates; *sro-rin- mo* slow to wrath, *sro-can* furious, raging, *sro-fun* hot, ardent, passionate. sro - ba, pf. (6)sros, fut. bsro, imp. (6)sro(s), to warm, to make warm or hot at the fire, or in the sun Glr., Lf. ; Jdm- pai drod-kyis bu bsro (a mother) foments her child with a gentle warmth Thgy. ^rt- sro-ma 1. egg of a louse, a nit 6'., W., sig-sro O du nits are increasing fast S.g. 2. small bubble W., *cdn-la sro-ma Kol* the beer foams, froths in fermentation. 3. sro-ma ndg-po, sro-ma sen-ge n. of a me- dicinal herb Med. ^T(^' sro-lo Med., Sedum and similar plants. -n- srog life, srog ) 'cod- pa to kill, frq. ; ' srog ten-pa, O prog-pa id., esp. when done by demons; srog dan O prdl-ba id., esp. to execute, to put to death Glr., srog dati O brdl-ba to die; srog O bul-ba Dzl. 3V-?, 12 Sch. : to sacrifice, to yield up one's life, but the manuscript of Kyelang has : srog dati O brdl-lo, and sd-bai srog Kyed-la O bid-lo (Mil.) means: I make you a present of the stag's life, i.e. I spare its life for your sake; srog O dor-ba to sacrifice, one's life, prop, to cast it away Dzl. ; srog-la mi ltd-ba to make light of one's life frq. ; srog dan bsdo-ba to risk, to hazard one's life, frq.; srog skyob- pa to save life Dzl., srog Jbyin-pa, O don-pa id., Thgy. : to save, to preserve (a child's) life (by well caring for it); srog O fso-ba id. Dzl., S.g. (Sch. also: to recover, to grow sr6h-ba 585 dad well again) ; sr6g-gi kd-ba n. of a vein ; srog- gi snyin-po Mil. ? Comp. *sr6g-sky6b* W. deliverer, redeemer, saviour. srog-Kun Mil. the deep cut or stab, by which Tibetan butchers kill animals (Hue I, 443), srog-Kun Jbyed-pa to stab in this manner. srog-can, srog-lddn having life, living, alive. srog-cdgs animated being, mi-la sogs-pai srog-cdgs fams-cdd all men and other living beings Dzl., srog- fdg = dpyan-fdg. srog-bddg cen-po = pe-dkdr Glr. srog-med lifeless, inanimate. srog-rtsd 'root of life, vein of life', aorta S.g., chiefly used rhetor, and fig. srog- Un deadly, fatal Lt. srog-sin axle, axle- tree; mcod-rten- gyi srog-sin the pole in a Chodten ; fig. prop, sems-kyi srog-sin Mil. ^T*n w sron-ba, pf. bsrans, fut. bsran, imp. sron(s), bsran, W. *srdn-ce !f , to make straight, to straighten, yon-po what is awry, crooked Lex., yzet* sron-ba to beat out nails; to equal Sch.; sku drdh-por bsrans -te (he sat) straight and erect, cf. also sran and bsrdn-po. W.: *srdn-te ca dug-ga 'i-ru dad* will he pass straight through or does he stay here? tsan - s 9 dm 'po Srong- tsangampo, n. of the most famous king of Tibet, a contemporary of Mohammed; he introduced the Tibetan letters, and was the chief promoter of Bud- dhism and its literature. %fc ^ft'olcr srod > srod -J in dusk of the evening, twilight, *srodrub* W. the dusk of evening draws near, it is getting dusky, sroddan fo-ransinihe evening and morning Lt. ; srod byin son night has set in; srod yol son id., viz. the time about 11 o'clock at night C.; srod-la in the dusk of evening Mil. srod-Jlor-pag Cs. (?) the Ryim of evening-twilight, v. nyin-'zag. srod-lon dayblind, nyctalops, seeing better in a mild than in a bright light. *r<>! usage, custom, common use, habitual practice, habit, der yi-gei srol med-pas as the art of writing is not yet in use there Glr.] sitdr-srol bzdn-po-la dyons sig keep in mind the good old customs Glr. ; srol cdgs- pa, srol-du O gyur-ba Cs., srol-du O fsiid-pa to grow into a habit, to become the custom (of a person, a country); srol O dzugs-pa to introduce a practice Glr.', srol y tod-pa Lex. prob. the same; bka-srdl = srol, but at the same time expressive of reverence for the originator of the custom Zarn.; pyag-srol Mil. is said to be a respectful expression for lag-len-gyi srol(?)', legs-pai dpe-srol btsug- ste Glr. having introduced good customs for imitation; fob-9r6l claim, title, right, founded on old custom. sros 1. v. sro-ba. 2. Cs. sbst. = srod twilight, dusk of evening, mun-sros- pa dusky, dark; Glr.: sa sros-nas when it grew dark. sla(n)-nd a large iron pan for parching grain, dan-dregs soot ad- hering to a pan. sld-ba I. adj., also sld-mo 1. thin, of fluids (opp. to skd-ba, fug-po, rens- pa) W. *lan-te*. 2. easy, opp. to dkd-bo difficult, ses-pa sld-ba ma yin knowledge is not easily obtained Dzl. ; usually with the supine : rig-par slao it may easily be found out Dzl., or with the root of the verb: go- sld easy to be comprehended. II. vb., v. sle-ba. Wq- slag -pa, slog -pa fur-coat, sgo-sldg Mil., more corr. 7, hunting-coat, made of the skin of an antelope; spyan-sldg, W. *san-lag* fur- coat of a wolf s skin; fsar-sldg coat of lamb's skins; ras-sldg prob.: a fur-coat covered with calico Glr. ^C" dan 1. v. sub sla-na. 2. v. slon-ba. sldn-Ka shelf, shelves, stand. sldn-ba v. sldn-ba. - slad, eleg. = pyi I, II, IV, 1. slad-rdl ^ ' hind part, back part Lex., ddd-bzin-du or sldd-bzin-par behind, e.g. O brdn-ba to walk behind one, sldd-sa = pyi-sa (*TO) dung Bhar. 2. after, sldd-na c. genit. == ^g-tu Dzl. ; sldd-nas adv. afterwards, here- after, subsequently Lex. and; sldd-kyi subsequent, later, posterior; sldd-ma Cs.; 586 the hind part, that whic]j comes after, the later or latter part; sldd-mar, sldd-kyis after- wards, hereafter, sldd-mar yah also for the future. 3. sldd-du on account of, for the sake of. sldd-pa, pf. bslad, (cf. Ihdd-pd) to mix, esp. with something of an in- ferior quality, hence to adulterate, vitiate, to spoil, to corrupt, skyon-gyis or Ihdd-kyis ma sldd-pa not marred by any defects Lex., pyin-ci-Ug-gis yons-su sldd-de quite unfitted by perversity DzL', gdr't-gis kyan ma sldd- pa without any thing detrimental operating, not subject to any noxious influence Wdn.; de myos-sm sldd-par byds-te making him drunk and thus disabling him Dzl. 5^r- dan 1. (?) *na-sldn* W. the furred ear- ^ ' coverings of Tibetan ladies. 2. = slad; slan-cdd = p'yin-cdd. sldn-te v. sld-ba. - dan-pa 1. to mend, patch Sch. 2. v.bslan. s ldm-pa, 1. to roast slightly, to parch, to make brown by exposing to heat, e.g. meal C, W. 2. to roast, to fry, * mar- la* W. M- star, eleg. = pyir, 1. again, over again, ^ once more. 2. afterwards, hereafter, sldr-nas id. C. alar yan O jug-pa to be affixed or added again (of letters, to the end of a word) Gram.; slar ^dn-ba to come back, to return DzL; slar-ysegs he went away again DzL; slar stobs skyed he regains strength S.g. ; sldr-bsdu-ba the final o of a verb, indicating the end of a sentence Gram. slas l.v. lhas. 2. retinue, train, atten- dants, wives and servants, po-brdii-gi slas a king's or prince's retinue, the court, people at court DzL ^t- sliC. ace. to some authorities: ayellowish ^ red apple, or Indian apple (opp. to ku-su Tibetan apple); ace. to Cs. cherry; cherries, however, arc scarcely known in Tibet. sli-tsi small, wild -growing, cherry -like dwarf-apples, Pyrus baccata; *bi-li-tsi* W. gooseberry; *wdm-pu-li-tsi* the whiteberries of a species of mountain-ash, Pyrus ursina (^wamp'u* in the Bunan language: 'bear'). slog-pa . slu-ba, pf. bslus, fut. bslu, imp. (&)S/M(S), to entice, allure, ensnare, beguile, se- duce, e.g. to be ensnared by wordly sorrows; lessfrq. in a direct sense: to impose on, to deceive, rdzun byds-te by a falsehood DzL', slu-Jcrid enticement, seduction, means of se- duction, bait; bzdh-poi slu-Jcrid enticement to a good purpose; bslu-ba-mttan deceiver, deluder, impostor Glr. ; mi-slu(-ba) infallible, sure Mil. r sle 1. a coarse blanket Ts., = cd-ra, cd- ^ ri. 2. n. of the capital of Ladak. sle - tres Med. n. of a creeper or climbing plant. gj'f sle-po U, sle-ba, sle-bo Cs. a flat basket. 3^rn * sle-ba 1. vb., bsle-ba, Ihe-ba. pf. lhas B., *ld-ce* W. to twist, plait, braid, the hair, (to make) a basket etc. ; to knit. II. sbst. 1. v. no. I. 2. distortion, dis- location (of a limb) Cs.; sle-bo one that has a distorted limb Cs. ; sle - mig a distorted eye Cs. sle-yon craft, deceit, trickery, sle-yun byed-pa to cheat, deceive, impose upon Cs. gfc* sled knitting-need le(?) Ld. sleb-pa, pf. (b)slebs, fut. bsleb, resp. O byon-pa, peb-pa (cf. ^dn-ba), 1. to arrive, with termin. ; bslebs-zin I have arrived, he has arrived ; in Ld. however the future *slebs yin' is also pronounced *leb ziri*. 2. to reach, to extend, to a certain place or point Pth. and col. 3. to come in (of interest, rent, duties), hence sleb income, re- venue, public revenue, receipt of customs etc. ; sleb-fo account of receipts. IH'^r slo-dron warm fresh dung Sch. |jjpn"]' slog-pa I. sbst. v. slag-pa. II. vb., pf. bslogs, fut. bslog, Cs. (trs. to Idog-pa) to turn, to turn round or about, to turn upside down, inside out, rkydl-pa pyi-ndn slog-pa to turn out the inside of a bag; mig slog-pa to roll one's eyes; *boh- bu ma-lag slog O dug* the donkey is rolling on his back; sa slog-pa to plough up, turn slon-ba 587 up, to dig the soil; in arithmetic: *sum nyi log-pa dug* W. two times three are six. slon-ba, sldh-ba, pf. (b)slans, fat. (b}slan, imp. slon(s), W. *ldn-ce*, I. causat. and transit, form to Man- ia. 1. to cause to rise, to help to rise, one lying on the ground; dgrd-ru slon-ba to cause a person to rise as an enemy (cf. dgrar Iddn-ba), i.e. to make a person one's enemy S.g.; bsdd-pai mi-ro slon-ba to resuscitate the slain ; to excite, cause, inspire, compassion, fear, terror etc.; prag-dog-gis, skyo-sas-kyis kun-nas bslans-te Glr., Mil. quite excited by envy and hatred, ni f.; esp. in pathology of the procatarctic or exciting causes of diseases: to kindle (a disease) into action, hence sloii-rkyen the exciting cause (of a disease) ; to raise, to erect, a pile, post, wall Mil. ; sldn-sih a pile, stay, prop, erected or set up. kun-slon Lex. , Mil.: nyon- mons-kyi slon-kun-slon excitement (??). II. (perh. originally quite a different word), 1. to ask, require, ccdp. klu zig nd- la dpe sloii a Lu asks me for the book Dzl.; bit -mo cun-mar slon-ba to ask a man's daughter in marriage Dzl.', esp. to beg, to try to get by begging: cun-zad bsldn-no we beg for a little of it! Dzl, pd-la sld/ts-nas %^'heobtained it from hi slather by begging Mil. ; bsod-snyoms slon-ba to collect alms by begging (slon-ba partic. and sbst. beggar, mendicant Dzl , slon-mKan, slon-ba-po id.); hence. 2. to collect, to gather, nor Cs. riches. 3. to examine, to probe (a wound), rrna-ysar mdzub-mos a fresh wound with the finger Thgy.; also: to search a man's house. 4. to give, Ha-lhdg cig sdus-la slon cig gather some of the remnants of the meal, and give them to me! Mil., so in Sp. and C. frq. s lh- mo alms, don-mo slon-ba Lex., byed-paCs. to ask alms, to beg; slon- mos O fso-ba to live on alms; slon -mo -pa beggar Pth. ^Tr-rr slon-pa 1. Sch. to patch, to mend. 2. Sch. : dpdn-po pyir slon-par byed- pa to dissemble, to feign (?) 3. Cs.: to thrust out. $Tq. slob the act of learning, study, slob ma myotl-ba to have had no instruc- tion or education; slob />rid-pa to teach. slob-pa, I. vb., pf. bslabs, fut. bslab, imp. slob(s), W. *ldb-ce*, to learn, to teach, i\a or rid-la slob I learn, was slob I teach, de-la mfcan slob ynyis-kyis lo-isfsa bslabs both the abbot and the instructor taught him the art of translating Pth. ; na rtsis sig slob O dod-pas slobs as I should like to learn something of mathematics, teach me! Pth.', bslabs -pas ses-te when he had learned it Pth.; bsldb-cin lobs-pa yan dka as learning is difficult, even if one is taught Dzl. ; slob-tu ^jug-pa to let one take lessons, to have or get one instructed Dzl.; *iu-gu-la gom-fcm Idb-ce* to teach a little child to walk W.; mi-la yi-ge bslabs schools were established Glr.; yon-tan slob-pa to teach (to learn) good, useful, things Pth. and frq. II. sbst. 1 . the act of learning Dzl. - 2. teacher, instructor, brdm-ze slob-pa a Brah- man as instructor Dzl.; O pdgs-pa slob-pa- rnams the venerable preceptors (more than dge-slon, less than dgrd - bcom-pa) Tar. 5, 1. 31, 9. Comp. *lob-Kydd* W. use, practice, ex- ercise. slob-grwd school, school -room, school-house; *lob-da-fcdn* W. id. sfoi- grogs school-fellow, co-disciple. slob-ynyer student, scholar, slob-ynyer gdh-du byyis where have you studied ? at what college have you been a student? Mil. slob-dpon teacher, instructor, master, frq.; also a college- title like our bachelor etc. ; 'the teacher' by way of eminence, is either Buddha or Pad- ma-byun-ynds. slob- bd>ts scholar, pupil, disciple, - bu-slob Mil. slob-ma id., frq. *lob-M* report, rumour, fame W. Cf. bslabs. slobs exercise, practice, experience; miy- slobs nan -pa skye Mil. a bad custom of seeing begins to prevail (vi/. that of looking downward, and minding only earthly things). y sa ' bsa MiL > c - ( w - ** an *) the snow -leopard, nearly white, with small clusters of black spots; living on the higher mountains. 588 ysdg-pa Sch. to sew together. i s secret, hidden, ysan sor the secret comes out, is made known DzL j-^.-.. ysdn-ba I. vb. to do a thing se- cretly, to conceal, na-la ysan-du mi run it is not right of you to be so close to me Mil.; ysdn-ste brkus-nas stealing se- cretly, ysdn-ste bskydl-nas sending under- hand, furtively Dzl.; to hide one's self, to be concealed dben-pai j-nas sig-tu ysdn-ste be- taking one's self secretly to a solitary place Dzl, yid-mfun-par ysdn-ste keeping it secret with one consent Dzl.', *san-ne dad-ce* W. to sit concealed. II. sbst. 1. secret things, a secret; ysan- bai bdag-po = ysan-dban v. below. 2. secret parts Med., also ysan-ynds Med., ysdn- bai pdd-ma Med., sometimes the anus in- cluded; ysdh-bai nad diseases of the sexual organs Med. III. adj. 1. secret, hidden, concealed, ysdn- bai cos esoteric doctrine Dzl. ; pyi-nan-ysdfi v. pyi HI. 2. Kyi-mo nyan-gyi rna ysan- ba a female dog of very sharp hearing (v. yseh-ba). Comp. ysdn-kan a secret room 6s. ysdn-sgo a secret door Pth. ysan-sgro S.g. ? ysan-sndgs secret charms, mysterious incantations, frq.; even in medical works they are praised as the 'best medicine'. ysan-mje v. mje. ysan-ynds 1. a secret place. 2. mystery, nif.: ysdn-bai ynas du-ma ysuns he taught many mysteries, many secret doctrines. 3. privities, pudenda. ysah-spyod privy, necessary, water-closet. ysan-dbdn, ysan-rdor Mil., ysan-bai-bddg-po Do. = rdo- r)e- can, v. rdo-rje, comp. ysdn-pa resp. to hear, to listen Dzl; Kyodysan dan listen (to me)! Mil.; bdag-gi fsig-la yson id. Glr.; with las or la: to hear a person teaching, expounding etc. Tar. Cf. ysdn-pa. ysdb-pa v. ysob-pa. ysdr-ba, ysdr-pa, usually ysdr-po new, fresh, lug-sa ysdr-ba fresh mutton Lt. ; rma ysdr -pa & raw wound ysdl-ba Thgy.; bdg-ma ysdr-pa the young, (recently married) wife Dzl.; *bhu-mo sdr-pa* a girl that is still a virgin C.; ysdr-du adv., ysdr- du bsdd-pai sa flesh of animals that have just been slaughtered, lit.: fresh-slaughtered flesh Dzl.', Ka-ysdr a new edge; kan-ysdr new house, also a name of villages, castles etc. ; gos-ysdr, mar-ysdr Lt. ; rta-ysdr Schr. a horse not yet broken in. ysar O grogs- pa Sch.: 'to tell each other news; to make a new acquaintance'. *sar-zug co-ce* W. to plant (a piece of land) for the first time, to cultivate, to people, to stock with in- habitants. fsar-rin old and new, stale and fresh; age, duration, existence. j-sar y cod -pa frq., also fsar y cod -pa Pth., to search, inquire into, investigate thoroughly, to examine, to study, skad a language. ysdr- bu new beginner, tyro, novice Mil. cn^jq-q- ysdl-ba vb., to be clear, distinct, bright, dor sdr-zin ysdl-na when (the sun) shines bright again; mdr-me Q ci- fcar ysdl-ba bzin flaming up once more, like an extinguishing lamp Glr. ; lhan-ne Iham- mer ysdl-te appearing bright, clear and dis- tinct DzL; ysdl-lo it is clear, it is evident; it stands written, it may be read, O dul-ba- na ysdl-lo it may be read in the Dulva Glr.. Tar.-, ysdl-po (irarrer) visible to a great distance, conspicuous, distinct, obvious, in- telligible; kun-ysdl id.; *mig sdl-po ton mi tub, nag sdl-po zer mi se* W. his eye, his speech, is not clear, he is not able to see, to speak distinctly; ysal - dag - snyan- ysum B. = the popular sgra-dag-ysal-ysum, v. sgra', yi-ge ysdl-po a plain, legible hand- writing; clear, bright, ysdl-bai me -Ion a bright mirror (a frq. title of books); bright, light, pure, of colours, dkar-ysdl pure white Glr. ; pure, free from faults and deficiencies, * sdl-po gydb-ce* W. to correct; sa-pyogs kyaii ysdl-bar gyur-ro also his whole neighbour- hood will be freed from defects, will be- come happy Do.; ysdl-le-ba = ysal-ba; ysdl- Ka Tar. prob. = ysdl-ca, Mil. : ysdl-ca zig yndn-ba zu I request (you) to give me a detailed account, inst. of which also only sal cig may be said. ysdl-sin 589 ysus-pa ysdl-sin (like OTavQog in its ori- ginal meaning) a pointed stake, for empaling malefactors, ysdl-sin-du or ysdl-sih-gi fse-la skyon-pa to empale. Cf. rky aii-sin. y sas - mo Lexx. ; in Lt. prob. : mother's milk. y s fy~P a Cs., a ls bsig-pa, to throw up in a backward direction; in Thgr. is said of a lion : rdl-pa ysig he shakes his mane; dpun-bsig Cs.: 'the shaking of one's shoulder' (prob. for: shrugging); to winnow, to fan, to sift Stg.; W. y s in- ma 1- pasture-ground, meadow Dzl. 2. moor, fen ScJiJ qpj^r^'n* ysir-ba Sch., bsir-ba Cs. 1. to whirl about or round, to twirl, pan a spindle, mda ysir-ba Cs.: 'to whirl an arrow'. - 2. W. to move by a repeated pushing, pdg-ste a plane; to smooth, to even, with a plane, a knife etc. ; to slide, glide, slip, down a slope. y sil ~ ba * to cutto P ieces > to divide, split, Ihu-ru Mil., dum-bur Lea;., ysor-gyis ysil-ba to saw to pieces, to saw up. 2. to toll, sound, ring, dril-bu ysil-ba to ring a bell Cs., hence mKar-ysil v. mKar- ba. 3. *sil-ce >! ' W. to read. ysil-bu and ysil-ma v. sil-bu. ysun, resp. for skad and ytam, 1 . voice, ysun byun a voice sounded, was heard Glr., ysun dag-pa a clear voice, like that of Buddha Dzl. 2. the act of speaking, talking, ysun glen-ba to converse, discourse, ysun O dre-ba, ysun- dre mdzdd-pa id. ; that which is spoken, the words uttered, the speech, Kyed-kyi ysun del Idn-du in answer to your words Glr.; ysun klog-pa to read the sayings, the apothegms (of Buddha) Ma. ysun-ba I. vb., pf. ysuns, resp. for smrd-ba B. and C. (in W. *mol-ce* is used inst. of it) to speak, talk, say, the latter also with the terrain, of the infin., inst. of direct speech, but rarely; de-skad ma ysun your Reverence should not say so! Mil.; ysun ma ynan it did not please him to speak Mil.; rdzun ysun-ba to tell a falsehood, to lie; to explain, don Mil.; to ask; mi O dod mi ysun bzes-par zu Mil. please accept it without ceremonies (without a refusal); zal- yddms ysun-ba to give advice etc. Glr.; cos ysun-ba to preach Glr.; mgur-ma ysun-ba to recite or to sing a song (but also: mgur- ma smrd-ba, zer-ba is said). Comp. ysun-bgros report, statement, opi- nion. ysun-mcog principal word, main dogma e.g. the Ommanipadmehum Glr. fsun-snydn a harmonious voice, an agree- able, pleasant speech; Mil. uses it also of the singing of birds (and the screaming of peacocks!) ysuh-spros, ysun- prd con- versation between persons of rank, or be- tween such and inferior people, ysun^i'db =ysun-mcog, also sacred writing, Holy Scrip- ture Chr. Pr. ysun-sog = bka-sog. STKKZT qSKXT y^-P' bsud-pa 1 . Sch. to be lost, to be dispersed. 2. W. to fill with food beyond satiety, to stuff, to cram. Bhar. 124 smdn-pa ysud stands for Ssk. f^wfaeRT ( Will.: spasmodic cholera), which elsewh. is rendered zas ma zu-ba; the meaning is prob. to overeat one's self. cn^T&T T sum t nree (cf.swm), ysum-Ka, ysum- y? ga the three, all the three ; ysum-pa the third; containing three; ysum-po the three; ysum also elliptically for dkon-mcog- ysum: ysum-la skydbs-su O don-ba to seek the protection of the Three Precious Do. ; bskdl- pa grdns-med(-pa} ysum three times in- numerable Kalpas (appeared) Dzl, Glr.; rgdn-mo ma smad ysum-po O di the old (woman) with her (two) sons, the three Dzl.; rgydl-po yab yum ysum the king and his (two) queens, the three Glr. ; rob Jbriii ysum the big, the middle (and the little one), the three. ysum-sprul emanation of the third degree, == nyin-sprul. ysur-ma a thing slightly burnt, .singed 6s., ysur-dn the smell of it. ysus-pa belly, stomach, ysus-pa sbos the belly is swollen or distended Lex.; ysus-ndd dropsy of the belly; ysus- rked the middle part of the body, the waist Sch.; ysus- pyan-po a deity. 590 ; yse-ba 'q' ysdn-ba yse-ba 1. v. se-ba. 2. v. ysed-pa. ^ yseg -brddr Sch. a file (instru- 1 ment), v. sag-ydar. j-seg-ma small stones; yscg-seb-can full of small stones. '' yseg-ysdn = mKar-ysil Lex. Sfc y ? eft * Seil L Cleft ' Chlnk ' crevice > fissure, leak, v. Kon-seh sub Kon extr.; sgo-ysen chink of a door Tar.; yse/t bsrub-pa Sch. to stop up, plug up, crevices etc.; ysens-pa leaky, cracked, full of fissures Sch. 2. harmonious, well-sounding. 3. rnd-ba ysen Sch.: a sharp, acute, quick ear, cf . ysdii-ba II, 2. " rsgc? several larger species of Lonicera. ysed-pa, also bsed-pa (pf. yses?} to pick, sort, assort, hair, wool; to pull or pluck in pieces. ^^W y*eb I. stallion, a male horse or camel. II. also seb, 1. the narrow interstices be- tween persons or things thronged together, hence with na, tu and &z, between, among, with nas from between, Kyi mii yseb-la mcon the dog leaps into the midst of the people, lo-maiyseb-tu^jog-pa to put between leaves, sprin-gyi yseb-nas lus pyed O fon half of his body protrudes from between the clouds, Arises above etc.; gron-yseb-tu bzugs-pa to sit among the villagers; Kyed-cag-gi yse'b- na Meu-dgdl byd-bai bud-med yod-dam? is there a woman among you named Meu- dgal? yseb-lam a secret path, by-way, be- tween rocks or underwood. 2. multitude, crowd, dmdg-yseb army, ndgs-yseb forest, en^ yser (Pera.j$ gold ; yser-gyi of gold, golden, yser-gyi me- tog n. of a me- dicinal herb. Comp. yser-skiid S.g. n. of an officinal herb. yser-skyems v. skyerm. yser-Ka a gold mine. yser-mMdr an imperial castle Wts. fser-glift Malacca Cs. yser- gyur- rtsi prob. much the same as: 'philosopher's stone' Pth. yser-fub n. of the second Bud- dha, Kanakamuni. yser-mdog gold-colour, yser-mdog-can n. of a monastery. yser-pa gold -searcher, gold -washer Gram.-, j'ser- pudn. of a medicinal herb, an emetic Med, yser- preii a gold chain. yser-bye gold- sand. yser-me = yser-gyi-me-tog Med. yser-ytso-ma, yser-btso-ma refined gold Glr.^ Pth. *ser-zan* W. gilt copper. yser- bzo-pa, yser-mgdr Cs. goldsmith. yser- yig-pa 'bearer of a gold-letter', ambassador, envoy Glr. yser-sog leaf-gold, gold-foil, foliated gold Sch. yser-srah one ounce of gold; a coin = 16 rupees, gold-mohur. yses? ran-yses reciprocal, mutual Wdh. )'so-ba pf. ysos, (b)sos (= O fso-ba) 1. to feed, nourish I)zl; to bring up, nurse up, rear, train, bu a child, dud- gro an animal; also ys6-skyon-ba,yso-skyd)i byed- pa. 2. to cure, nad,rma; to stop, remove, to put an end to, nal fatigue, i.e. to recruit one's self, to rest; to mend, to repair, Kyim a house Cs.; to restore, rebuild, re-establish, what had been destroyed, to kindle again, stir up again, a fire; zig- or sig-yso-ba id.; to refresh, recreate, sems, resp. fugs, the soul, i.e. to comfort, console. Comp. yso-mJcan restorer Glr. yso-fdbs way of curing, manner of healing Mcd. yso-ba-po physician Med. yso-bya the thing to be cured, the disease Med. ; yso-byed the healing substance, the remedy; the healing person, the physician. yso-sbyon-ba v. the following article. yso-fsul = yso-fdbs. yso-rig pharmacology. yso-sbyoii-ba, for nyes-pa yso-ba dan sdig-pa sbyon-ba to get quit of sin, by making confession to a priest and thus restoring the former state of virtuous- ness, to confess; also yso-sbyon len-pa, yso- sbyoti-la ynas-pa; such confession does not entail any penalties, but only a renewal of obligations, cf. Fouc. Gyatch. II, 16. s Lex.; Sch.: rag, tatter. f-pa 1. v. sog-pa II. 2. v.sob. yso/t-po sincere, ysoii-por smrd-ba to speak the truth. A. and Leo:.; usually ysdn-ba. ysod-pa 591 fadd-pa, pf. bsad, fut. (Lex. ysad, usually:) bsad, imp. sod, W. *sdd- i-e*, 1. to kill, slay, murder, slaughter, j-sdd- pa-la dgd-ba to delight in killing Dzl. ; bsad ma-fdg-pai sa, ysdr-du bsdd-pai sa v. ysdr- ba; ryydl-pos ysod-pa to be executed by the authority Dzl. ; (fse) bsdd-pa-la fug -nas when he was just on the point of being executed Dzl.; *pag jdb-te sdd-tan-ce* W. to assassinate ; bsdd-do\ bc6m-mo!l am lost! it is all over with me! Wdn. 2. to put out, extinguish frq. 3. fcijdd- ysod-pa to despise, v. Kyad extr. Comp. ysod-ycod the act of murdering, murder, slaughter, ysod-fcod-kyi ^jigs-pa fear of murder Mil.; ysod-ycod mdh-po byed he is murdering, slaughtering, a great deal. ysod-byed killer, murderer, ysod-byed rhdn- pa the murderous huntsman Lex.; ysod-bycd- kyi ynas slaughter-house Stg. fsod-sa place of execution Thgy. ysod-lugs way of killing, snar ma byas a new (way of killing) Tar. y son -p a I. A. vb., 1. intrs. to live, to be alive, yson-no he (she etc.) is alive, *de med-na mi son-be mi fub* with- out that a man cannot live W.; to remain alive, to save or preserve one's own \\te,rdzun- du smrds-na yson kyati though I could save my life by (telling) a falsehood Dzl. ; ysdn- par mi dod I do not wish to live (any longer) Dzl.-., of the fire: to burn, *da son-na* W. does it burn now? 2. trs. to wake, to rouse from sleep by shaking, to urge on, to hurry on (lazy people), by force, whereas skiil-ba is only done by words. B. sbst. life, yson-pai fse-na QY yson-pai dits-su during (my, your etc.) life, in lifetime, frq.; hence: yson-pa-nyid for tw^ John 1, 4 etc. Chr. P. C. adj. living, alive, frq. yson-po,co\. *yson- te*, kye-ma bu yson-po mfoh-no ah, there I see my son again alive! Stg.; yson-por />>/<'-< l-pa to call into life, to animate, yson- por dur-du Jjug-pa to bury alive Dzl., yson-pai rgyu-ma O drcn-pa to tear out the bowels of a living man; *son-te* W. also: healthy, whole, restored to health again, *kaii- pa, mig, me son-te co-ce* to cure a foot, an eye, to blow a fire into flame again; entire, whole, undivided, *son-tc Kyofi-na* am I to bring it entire (or cut into pieces etc.)? of the moon: full. yson-ma rarely for }-s6n-po, pug-ron yson-ma a live pigeon Pth.; fson-ysin both the living and the dead 6s.; yson bsregs a creature burnt alive, mi zig(-la) yson-bsregs byed-pa to burn a person alive Pth. II. vb., pf. bsan, fai.ysan, imp. yson Cs., prob. the original form of ysdn-pa to hear. III. cud-yson-pa v. cud. y s b~P a , P^ bsab, fut. ysab, 1. to fill out or up, to supply, complete, make up, Iwr-Kons a gap (?) Sch., to cure, wounds W., *sob-mdn* balm, ointment for wounds. 2. to pay, repay, return, skyin-pa a loan Sch., drin ysob-pa to return a kind- ness Glr. - ysor 1. v. sor I. 2. supine of yso- ba. j. ysorba to brandish, flourish, a staff 6s. ysol-ba I. vb., 1. = zu-ba 1, q.v.; rgydl-po-la srog-gi skyabs ysdl-to he besought the king to save his life Dzl. ; ston-pa-la smon-lam btdb-par ysol cig ask the teacher to say the prayers Dzl.', bstdn- du ysol I beg to explain, frq. ; lha ysol-ba to worship a god, by offerings, libations etc. Glr. and elsewh. Tibetans w r hen arriving on the top of a mountain -pass generally mutter the words : ysol-lo ysol-lo, prob. to express their thankfulness for having been preserved from harm so far, and to implore further protection. 2. resp. for gon-pa and skon-pa to put on : (sku-la) nd-bza, cos- gos, dbii-la fod, zdbs-la cag (to put on) a garment, clerical robes, cap, shoes Dzl., Glr.; slob-dpon-la ber-cen sku-la ysol-te putting the cloak on the teacher Ma. ; tor zd-ba, O fun-ba, also for O dren-pa, to eat, to drink, to offer a meal Dzl.-, rai/dl-po J>/-<i*- cdn ysol-nas as the king had drunk rice- wine Glr. to take, to give, administer (me- dicine) Dzl. ; to place (food etc.) before, to 592 ysos-pa serve up for (clerical persons) DzL, ysol-lo mcod-cig I place it before you, help your- self! moreover: rgydl-pos cab-la sku-Krus ysol the king took a bath Glr. ; srds-la sku- Krus ysol-lo they administered a bath to the prince Glr. ; mfsan ysol-ba to assume, to receive, a name Glr., to give a name Glr.; even thus: dei fugs-la ydon ysol a demon enters his (the king's) body (clothes him- self with it) Glr. Comp. *sol-kdr" f W., resp. for kar-yol earthen ware, crockery. ysol-skrum meat prepared for the table of a man of rank. ysol-Kd 1. request, prayer Sch. 2. meat and drink Sch. *sol-fcan* resp. for *yo-Jcan* C., *fab-fsdn* W. kitchen. ysoZ-wempoisoned food Glr. ysol-lcog table. ysol-mcod prayer and offerings. ysol-jd tea. ysol- nyd fish destined or dressed for the table of a respected person, rgydl-poi Pth. ysol-tdg, ysol-stegs table. ysol-tib tea-pot. ysol-fdb fire-place, kitchen. ysol-ldon gur-giir. ysol-dpon prop, head-cook, master-cook, gen. cup-bearer, butler, waiter. - ysol-pogs salary Sch. *ysol-Jbin* C. = ysol-tib. ysol- mar butter. ysol-fsigs dinner. ysol-zib fine parched barley-flour. ysol-yyog under-waiter, under-butler. ysol- rds distribution of victuals, by a person of rank to common people, hence Chr. P. for Lord's supper, holy communion; donation, gift, present in gen. II. sbst. 1. request, demand, entreaty, ysol- ba O debs-pa to make a request, to entreat frq. 2. food *sol-wa ze-pa* to eat, dine, sup C. * 7 & os-pa v. yso ba, ysos byed-pa to cure Sch. ; bu mi ysos-pa not keep- ing, retaining a child alive Do.; ysos - bu foster-son, adoptive son; ysos-ma cure? me- dicine? j sos-ma O de'bs-pa Thgy. * bsa v. ysa. * bsdg-pa v. ysog-pa. bsdn-bu resp. for zan food, fare Glr. ; *bsdh-ma* id. W. ; bsati- brds resp. a dish of rice. *q* bsdd-pa v. ysod-pa. bsdb-pa v. ysob-pa. , thought, thinking, bsdm-gyis mi Eydb-pa beyond the reach of human intellect, incomprehensible etc. frq.; cosbzdn- las bsam bzan Ihdg-pa yin a good way of thinking is worth more than good (external) religion Mil. ; W. : *sam-nan-can* malicious, wicked. bsdm-pa I. fut. tense and secondary form of sem-pa. II. sbst. ^T^-'qir 1. thought, imagination, fancy, bsdm-pa nan-pa sem-pa to foster bad thoughts Do. ; bsdm-pa tsdm-gyis quick as thought; rtdg-tu Q di snydm-du bsdm-pa skyes he was constantly haunted by these thoughts Dzl. 2. will, mi zig-gi bsdm-pa Itar (or bzm-du) sgrub-pa to execute, to carry out a person's will frq.; bsdm-pa Itar magyiir- pas as it did not go according to their wish; bsam-pa O di-las ma zlog cig do not try to divert me from my purpose Dzl. ; bsdm-pa bzdn- po good intention or design Mil. ; desire, mind, inclination, liking, ynod-paior ydug-pai thirst for blood, murderous disposition Glr. 3. SOUl, heart (of rare occurrence), bsdm-pai don mi ogrub then (by doing so) you injure your own soul Mil. Comp. bsam-yfdn, -nT- * state of com- plete abstraction, ace. to Burn, 'contemplation (cf. tin-ne- dzin, q^rfef, ^^TRffT, Burn. c meditatiori\bsam-ytdnbyed-pa to transpose one's self into the state of contemplation or meditation (the difference between the two is not easily defined), v. Kopp. I, 586. With this extraordinary state of mind a strange conception is associated, viz. 2. of certain regions, where besides gods and other beings also such men have their abode, that are growing more and more perfect and are stripping off every personal quality, whether good or bad, v. Kopp. I, 255. bsam-mno or -bio, also blo-bsdm thinking, wishing etc., bsam-mno byed-pa or yton-ba, resp. fugs- bsam yton-ba Pth., to think, to meditate, con- sider, think upon frq.; bzdh-byed-kyi bsam- bsam-bseu 593 bio a mind, directed towards what is good, honesty, probity Glr. bsam-sbydr design, device, project Mil., bzdn-po, ndn-pa; bsam- byor byed-pa to plan, to scheme, to project a plan C. bsam-Sfo consciousness, *sam- se item-pa* C. bad conscience (?). bsam-bseu 1. seminal vesicle. 2. ovary? bsdl-ba v. sel-ba. J^Fn'T bsig-pa v. ysig-pa. bsid-pa to mend, repair, put in order Sch. bsir-ba 1. ysir-ba. 2. W. to sip, *slr-te fun* he drinks sipping. 6s#-6a I. adj. and sbst. cool, the COOl (of the day), coolness, Kan- pa bsil-ba zig a cool house Dzl., bsil-ba pan coolness is wholesome Lt., fsd-ba bsil-bar O gyur the heat changes to coolness Dzl. ; bsil id., *sil-la dod* sit down in the shade W., Ican-bsil 'willow-shade', shady place under willow-trees; bsil-zin grdn-ba cold Dzl., Glr.', bsil-mo id., *sil-mo pi-la* W. for the sake of coolness. II. vb., to cool, resp. for /crud-pa to wash, zal mouth and face, zabs the feet, zdbs- bsil water for washing the feet Cs. ; even : cu dron-mos sku bsil-bar mdzdd-pa to wash the body with warm water 6s.; to shed,sp?/aw- cdb mdn-po many tears Mil. Comp. bsil-Kan a cool room, a summer- house, summer-residence Stg. bsil-grib cool shade 6s. bsil- fun a cooling drink or beverage Sch. bsil-ydugs parasol Do. bsil-bu coolness (?); bsH-buirlun a cool breeze 6s. bsil-smdn a cooling medicine. bsil- zds cooling food. bsil-:ydb a fan. qjsfq* bsu-ba, pf. and imp. bsus, to go to meet, ma bubsur^o/i the mother goes to meet her son Dzl. (usually with accus. as in the preceding case, col. also with dat.); bsus sig let him come to meet me Thgr. ; to join, of two armies, generals, kings Dzl. ; to make advances, to interest one's self for; most frq. : to go to meet (solemnly), to wel- come a respected person, po-brdn-gi ndn- du into the castle Dzl.; pdmli-ta O by6n-pa- la bsu-ba byed-do I will go to meet the ar- riving Pandit Glr.; bsu-ba rgya-cen-po very great festivities of reception Pth.; bag-mar bsu-ba yin we will lead her home as your bride Mil.\ ydon- bsu-ba = bsu-ba Mi/.: *dan su-ce* W. for ; dan- or spy an- O dr en-pa of B. *su-kyel or kyal* W. reception and conduct of honour. bsu-smdn Sch clyster, W. *sur- esp. sweet scent Dzl.; dri- bsun id ; dri-bsun zim-pa broo it is sweet, scented, fragrant Dzl.: bsun-ndd Sch. fragrance; ro bsun-ba filled with a cadaver- ous smell Dzl.; *mar su/i son dog* W. the butter smells (rancid). bsun-bskyur Sch.: irregularity of life, dissoluteness; bsun-par byed-pa Sch.: to be dissolute; to be dirty; bsun-tsam disgusting, obscene Sch. bsum-pa 1. = O dzum-pa. 2. = sum-pa Cs. bsur-smyig W. clyster, cf. bsu- bse 1. v. se, se-ba, se-dri, se-sin. 2. also : bse-ko, tanned leather, bse-fcrdb Lex. a coat of mail made of leather; bse-sgdm, bsei sgrom-bu Pth. leather-box, or a box covered with leather; bse-sgo leather-door, or a door-like target made of hides Pth. 3. bse or bse-ru (Lea.igjf 'a certain animal') unicorn, Hook. II., 157 'tchiru', an antelope, prob. = ytsod; rhinoceros Tar. 185, 20. bsegs-pa Sch. to come from one side, to come across one's way. I* bsed-pa v. ysed-pa. bsed - dpydd Sch. the bow for setting a drill in motion. bsen-mo Sch : a female devil. bser, ser, yser-bu 1. a fresh, cold breeze, bser-gyis pog he is exposed to a cold wind Sch. 2. of persons, resp. the feeling cold, catching cold, bwr-du i/oii you will feel cold Mil ; also bser-mo adj. or sbst.: *s<'r->o 594 bslu-ba *ser-mo mdn-po ma kyod-da* IF. did you not feel very cold on your way? bser-mai nod resp. a catarrh, a cold Dzl. j-^ bsel(-ba), gen. lam-bsel convoy, safe-conduct, escort; Lex.: Jag- 6b-kyi kyel-ma (escort) against robbers; bsel-pa safeguard, guide, (lam-} bsel byed- pa to accompany and protect on the way, to escort. J" bsog-pa v. sag-pa. bsod-snyoms, fins^T, alms, gifts presented to clerical persons, bsod-snyoms-gyis O fso-ba to live on alms, on charity, bsod-snyoms byed-pa, sog-pa, ju</- pa Cs., bsod-snyoms-la rgyu-ba, resp. ; segs- pa to beg, ask, collect alms; bsod-snyoms sbyor-ba to prepare an entertainment for the priesthood. bsdd-pa 1. vb., to be pleased with, to take a delight in, to like, W.-.*de- la kon-cog sod-ce man* God is not pleased with that. 2. adj., pleasing, agreeable. *nyih sod fsor dug* W. I feel well, I a in quite happy; bsod-pa dan nan-pa good and bad; bsod-pai zas is explained by one Lex.: zas bzdn-poi min good food, good provi- sions, by another : = UTjffa prepared, dress- ed, boiled. bsod-bde, bsod-nams, resp. sku- bsdd [ . good fortune, happiness, felicity, bsod- bde-can happy, bsod-bde-med unhappy Cs. 2. destiny, fate, = dban-fdn, ' f fam-cdd sod- de-ne juii* every thing happens according to a decree of fate W.; prob. also sku-bsod sin-tu ce Ld.-Glr. 11, b. Schl.,]iis destiny is a very high one ; kyod-kyi bsod-bde-la brdun- ba yod-pa yin it belongs to your destiny that you get a drubbing. 3. merit, virtue, good action, byed-pa to perform (a good action) Dzl., bsod-bde sog-pa to gather me- rit, bsod-nams ma yin-pai las sinful deed Tkgy. bsos indemnification, damages paid for bodily injury. bsos-pa v. ysos-pa. ,,... bsrdn-ba v. sron-ba; bsrdn-po straight, upright, *ydr-po dug srdn- po-la zog* C. it stands aslant, put it straight! *q* bsrdd-pa v. bsrod-pa. bsrdn-pa v. srdn-pa. bsi'db-pa, v. srab, to bridle, keep under, restrain, check, curb, refrain, bag-cdgs the passions, mun-pa or sgrib-pa bsrdb-pa Cs. to dispel darkness (prob. only in a spiritual sense). srdl-ba v. srel-ba. bsri-ba etc. v. sri-ba etc. " bsrun Cs. a tutelar genius. pa , bsrul - ba, bsre-ba, bsreg-pa, bsrel-ba, bsro-ba v. sn'm- pa } srub-pa etc. q^K'fl' q^I^'q' bsrod -p a ^ ^srdd-pa, - sr6-ba, to dry, by ex- posing to the rays of the sun Sch. etc - Md - ba i bsldn-ba, bsldd-pa etc. v. sld-ba, sldn-ba etc. ' ddb-pa 1. vb., v. slob-pa. 2. sbst, doctrine,* bsldb-pa ysum Glr., ace. to an explanation in the Triglot: Ihdg- pai fsul-Krims, Ihdg-pai sems, Ihdg-pai ses- rdb (expressions which I am not able to interpret satisfactorily); our Lama explain- ed bsldb-pa ysum-gyi sdom-pa Mil. by. so- far, byan-sems and ysan-sndgs-kyi sdom-pa; bsldb-pai ynas dogma, tenet Tar. *lab- Kan* W. teacher. *lab-(s)tdn tdn-ce* W. to teach, to keep school. bslab-bya what is to be learned, doctrine, precept, admonition, ojig-rten mi -cos -la dgos-pai bsldb-bya mdzdd-do he imparted to her some practical doctrines or rules of life and social inter- course Glr., bsldb-bya stdn-pa B ., *tdn-ce* W. to give admonitions, to exhort, repri- mand. Na ba, bsle-ba, bsleb-pa, bslog-pa v. slu-ba, sle- ba etc. . ha 595 ^ ha 1. the letter 7i. 2. numeral: 29. K. Aa 1. W 7 : a yawn, *ha yon dug* I cannot 1 help yawning. 2. breath, Aa Q debs-pa to breathe. 3. the sound of laughter, *hab- god co - ce* W. to laugh out or aloud , cf. ha-ha. = hwa 1. gos-kyi hwa collar of a coat. <! 2. shin, shin-bone /ScT*. 3. *hd, Ao* PT. very well! 4. col. nearly = pa II., yonder, farther off, *hd-la gyug* C. get you gone! be off! begone!; *hd-cog = pd-rol*the other side, yonder side, *hd-gi* that (man) there, *hd-gi-ru* there, there above, up there, there behind, thither, that way C., W. hd-go-ba W. to understand, *ha mi c/o-a* don't you understand it'? hd-can very, sometimes too much, too, mya-ndn-las O da-ba hd-can yan myur-ces-so his removal (prop, disappear- ing) from misery happens really too soon! DzL; hd-can-nas id., *kd-can-ne f<'e-pa* C. very learned, possessed of extensive in- formation. hu-na-ho-ne, han-hon very angry, much enraged Id. hd-ni all of them, all together, in a body Sch. hd-ba-hd-ba to breathe out steam or vapour. hd-bo n. of a medicinal herb Lt. ha-yeys woe (to you etc.)! W. with *gydb-i-e*, W. to play at dice. J ha-ra-hu-reW. impetuous, violent, rude, impudent. with *c6-ce* W. to deny, dis- own. disavow. hd-ri Sxk. parrot. ha-ri-ta-ka Ssk. vegetables, greens, pot-herbs Wdn. ha-ri-dra Ssk. the turmeric plant, Curcuma S.g. ha-ri-tsan-dan Ssk. sandal-wood. ha-ri-tsam Pur. centipede. 1' ha-rib Ld. music (?). Ssk. a medicine Med. 5 ka-la-ka-la Wdn., a certain poison, also poison in general, /Ss&. K'flt'K'pi* ha-la-ha-la Cs. : a name of spyan- ras-yzigs, v. spyan. ' ha ' lam about ' near ^ nearly, pretty, tolerably, rather, ofe c?a;i hd-lam drd- ba about or nearly like that Wdn. r - 5 *ha-ldl cd-ce*, Urd. , to kill (an animal) in the manner prescribed by the Mahometan law W. Spj^j* ^-Js col., astonished, frightened, *ha-la-h* or*A-/a-6^*id., *ha-U cd- ce* W., ha-lds-pa B. to be astonished, fright- ened Mil, Pth. s-gjS 7ta-fo' flower, esp. a large beautiful ' ganden-flower Gl-., lm-16 rkydn-pa a simple flower, ha-lo ston- Q ddb a double flow- er; *ha-lo-ka* mallow W. (?) ' ha-sdh 1. 6s.: (Chinese word) a Buddhist priest, doctor, scholar '//,-. - 2. id., represented by a mask in religious plays, ha-prug an old doctor with boys, his pupils. K-^ncrr ^ a ~^9 a mineral medicine, used as ' a remedy for the stone; ace. to W<lit. = fdd-le-kor, alabaster. R'K" K'R* ha-hd, ha-ha the natural sound o,,^ of laughter Mil., ha-hd rgod- pa to laugh out, to set up a loud laugh; 596 hat V hu to Sch. also an interjection expressive of pam(?). ^Q^" hai a Chinese word, shoe C. hau-spa-ba n. of a medicinal herb Med. MKJ- hag* Le.c. sugar, treacle Cs., hdgs-kyi ' Id-tu. ^r- han? han- dzom-pa to squander, to dis- sipate Sch., han-ca-byed a squanderer Sch, hdn-ba, W. *hdn-ce' : ' to pant, to gasp. hdd-kyis suddenly Sch. had-po? Mil. had-hdd or hur-hur, with *co-ce* to exert one's self, to strive W. ' han-lddri W. 1. dumb, mute, */mw- ddn-ni (s}pe ra* a stammering, also : a confused, unmeaning speech. 2. im- becile, weak of mind. han-hon v. ha-na-ho-ne. ^rj. hab 1. a mouthful, hdb-za byed-pa, hab- hdb zd-ba to devour greedily, e.g. of dogs, pigs etc., hob-bead a needy wretch, a starveling, famishing person. 2. a stitch, in sewing, also *hdb-ka* C. *hdb-so* W., hab- fsem-pa to make here a stitch and there a stitch, as in quilting Mil. nt. 3. hob- god v. ha 3. 4. v. the following article. hdb-sa a dispute, a quarrel, hdb-sa byed-pa Mil, Thgr , to dispute, to quarrel; hab-fob byed-pa to scramble for, to strive or contend for Pth. r^.q. hdm -pa 1. avarice, covetousness, greediness; W. also vb.: to covet, *zdn-ni nor-la* after a person's wealth: to long for, to yearn after, *Koi 'd-ne hdm-te dad dug* his wife sits yearning (after him) ; ham-pa byed-pa Sch. : to be covetous. 2. strength Cs. ; courage, bravery W., of men and animals. 3. white film on liquids etc., mould C., *hdm-di or -n* a musty, fusty smell 6'., W. ; *hdm-por cdg-/, : an* W mouldy, musty, *ham-ce* W. to get mouldy. 4. lie, falsehood, C. hdm-pa-can 1. covetous, avaricious; greedy, voracious. 2. courageous: one Lex. explains rlam-K'yei' by hdm -pas %0V-6a(?); *hdm-pa cun-se* W. cowardly. 5)51'^^" ham-bur W. rime, hoar-frost? ^^ har suddenly, har ldit-ba to rise sud- denly Mil.', *har si jhe'-pa* to rouse suddenly from sleep C. ; har-gyis (Sch. had- more precise form of the adv. Tar. 'V liar-re empty, open, Tar. 1 15,16 Schf. hdl-pa a porridge, made of milk, butter and honey. hdl-ba to pant, to wheeze, to snort. hal-kyi a panting dog Sch. ; *hal- med* W. weak. Aff.s exaggeration, hyperbole, has-cer smrd-ba Cs , *Ae yyab-ce" W. to exag- gerate, to talk big. to brag. ^SJ"J*^' hds-po-'ri n. of a mountain in C., Glr. ^* hi numeral: 59. hi-dig, or hig-dig, W. *zer-ct ff to blow one's nose. hi-ma-la-ya Ssk.,-= gans-can the snowy mountains, Him laya. ^'^ hi-ra Ssk. diamond. ^.^. hi-ri corn-Stack, */'-/? yt/db-ce* W. to pile up a stack of corn. a-qr- hi-lin noise *hi-lin tan-Kan* W.. bully, brawler. s C\ hi-hi = ha-ha. \T\ hii ka Sch. breast-bone. OTI* SV3FTT hig, hig-ka the act of sobbing. ' *hig tdn-te dugorgydb-te dug** he is sobbing W.; *hig jdh (lit. sbyaii} dug* is said to be an expression used of a Lama, when he is watching the gradual depart- ing of the soul of a dying man. ^C" hi/i, f%lf, = si/i-kun, Asa foetida. KT-J-'^-X' hin-du-std-ni, C.: *hin-du-td-ni Fi-3 "> ke'*, Hindoostanee, the language of the Hindoos. ^^ r his Pur.: *hiz yon* he is panting. K' hu ] . W. breath, *hu gydb-ce* to breathe. 22. num.: 89. hu-ka ^T horn-pa ' hu-ka, Ar. wii- the hookah, with an inflexible tube. SV^^T Itu-kum H 7 "., JL> Urdu, order, com- ^NS r^ mand. *<VR* hu-Kyu the sound of sighing P/t. '^ ^C hu-na Cs : Ssk. (hit-no) n. of an an- cient people, the Huns (?). u-^n-dhi^} Sch.: title of the ^ Chinese emperor. _.j^. /ni-re, mig hu-re O duy he stares, he \2 goggles, with wonder, horror, confu- sion Mil., Glr.', mig-hur Mng. K^rr hu-sar (from the Hind, hosydr?) ^ ^ (grown) well again, being again live- ly, active; diligent, sedulous W. K'<-{ hu-hu 1. interj. expressive of pain ^NT from cold Cs. 2. 'the sound of one's mouth in eating' Cs. 3. *hu-hu tdh-ce* W. to whistle. /nlm, zTT^,^^, mystical interjection, e.g. ^ in the prayer of six syllables, v. ^|* Q, M- hun W. (== ca, Ion, prin) news, tidings, N^ intelligence, information, *hun tan-ce* to give account or notice, to inform, acquaint, let know, *fsar-na hun ton* tell me (let me know) as soon as it is finished ! *hun fsor- ce"' to get intelligence, to receive news; *hun ma yon or mi duo* we have no news yet; disclosure, explanation, opinion, idea, v/ y6d- pe hun Kyod-la jun yin* you shall get an idea of what kind of ... are to be found, *st>m-i-an fun-can zig yin-pe hun nd-la)u/l* I have got the notion that this is a very quiet animal; *re-rei hun cil-tar se* whence have you such accurate information of every one of them? *ser-dub dil-te hun ma jun* he did not perceive it when the ring fell off; *hun-med-la* unexpectedly, unawares. aq- hub as in-uch as is swallowed at once, >fe a gulp, a draught, tog-mar hub re O fu/i zig at first take only one mouthful, one draught at a time Glr. ; hub ycig one mouth- ful, 1mb do two mouthfuls 6s.; hub-kyis by draughts Sch.; hub-hub byed-pa to drink in large draughts, to gulp. hur 1 . v. hu-i-e. 2. hur-hur v. had- had. hiii'-ba dexterity, cleverness, skilful- ness 6'., hur-fdg id., also zeal, dili- gence Sch.- In'ir-po i. quick, alert, dexterous, clever. 2. hot, hasty, passionate Ld. ; rta hur-po a fleet, spirited, fine horse t . s . ^W hus Cs. moisture, humidity, /n'ts-can wet. \b ^- he 1. num.: 119. 2. iuterj.: o! holla! ' Cs.; he-he 1. id. Cs. 2. = ha-ha, he-he zer bgdd-pas she laughed: he, he! Glr. 5Vy he-tu SsL cause, reason, argument, logic. he-bag provocation, taunts, sarcasms. T Ssk. he-icajra, [T*> ;* Tibet, kye-rdo- rje Cs.: n. of a god ; n. of a series of treatises. K-X -m* M-ru-ka terrifying deities, also Krag- ' O futt, Thar, frq., he-ru-kai rgyud legends of wrathful deities. Mg-po having become putrid, rancid. hel-ge Sch.: soft leather, wash-leather. hel-po, hel-can, *hel-W* W. wide, extended; of garments: wide, easy; hel-ba id. and sbst. : width Sch. o" ho num.: 149. ho - ma Ssk. prop. : burnt - offering of butter; = sbyin-sreg v. Was. (194); Sc/d. 251 ; ho-ma byed-pa to sacrifice; hom- Kun a small pit or a triangular box used as an altar for such an offering. "^~^f ho-ho interj. of admiration Cs. "fii^- hoii-len a medicinal herb, Picror- rhiza, frequently to be found on the mountains, Hook. I., 272. T hon-hon stupid, foolish Cs. hob-pa, W. : *hob-te dug* it has got bent in or battered, of tin war.-. horn (Mongol word?) a pad, placed under a camel's load. liom-pa W. to fall away, to lose flesh, e.g. of hollow cheeks, to shrink, to shrivel, of withered fruit. 598 s" hor lha i. hor 1. formerly: a Mongol ,hor jin-gin- ' Han the Mongol Djingiskhan; hor-ser Shara Sharaighol n. of a Mongol tribe Glr. ; hor-yul Mongolia. 2. at present: in C. the people living near the Tengri-nor (jnarn- mfso); in W. the Turks; hor-zla a Turkish month. Note. Cs. has only the second of these significations, Sch. only the first (the latter using 6Vs examples and changing all the Turks into Mongols !) The suppositions of Latham seem still less consistent with the real state of the case. hor-Jcoris Sch.: deficiencies, gaps; separation' ('?). hor- dra Sch.: 'confiscation, Mr- O dra bdbs-pa to confiscate' (?). $yr*rr hor-pa wood-grouse or cock of the wood Sch., hor-pa dkdr-po a species of hawk Sch. (?). ^'3)OJ" hol-Ml W. soft, loose, light, as the soil in spring, *hol tdn-ce, hol-U bor-ce* to break up, to loosen (the soil). hrdg-pa 1. vb., to require more and more, to covet incessantly Ma., W. 2. sbst., adj. hardness, hard Cs. hrdn-ba 1 . alone, cf. ran, **ran-xrd/'t- la yoh son* I came alone C., po-hrdn, mo-hrdn single man and woman, = po-rdn etc. C. 2. with dmar preceding, naked C. hrdd-pa 1. to thrust, to push violently, to stem firmly, *kdn-pa sig-pa-la* W. to stem the foot against the wall 2. to scratch, sgo-la pyag-hrdd-pa O ga mdzdd-pa (his Reverence) made several scratchings with his hand, scratched several times, at the door Mil. 3. to exert one's self, to make every effort W., *trdd-cdn zum-ce or tdn-ce* id. W. hrab-hrib C. *$rab-ba-srib-be* Ld., v. rab-rib. hrdl-ba to rend, tear up, tear to pieces e.g. of a beast of prey: to tear up a person's body; *sral son* he has torn it to pieces C., W, hral-hrdl Lex. S' hri Cs. : ( Ssk. essence, substance ; a mys- tical word'. sm* hrig W. *srig-la tdn-ce, $rig-ga tdn-ce* "^' to hang (a thief), **rig-la si-ce* to hang one's self. Sm-rj- hrig - pa Cs., mig (or resp. spyan) hrig -hrig byed-pa or O dug -pa, ( rig-rig}, to look this way and that, hither and thither Mil.nt.; hrig-ge-ba looking in that manner Thgr. ^^- hrid; S.g.\ rnd-ba hrid Jbyar is ex- "^ plained by Wdn.: rnd-ba Ihdg-pa pyogs-su byar the ear leans feebly on the neck, as a sign of death. ^ r ^~P 1- rounu > globular, hril-hril byed-pa to writhe with pain, hril- hril kar-kdr byed-pa to be writhing, and then again stretching one's self or starting up ft/i.. 2. whole, fse hril-por for the whole life Glr., mgo hril - yyis ytum - nas wrapping up his \vhole head Glr. 3. close, dense, hril O dus-te Q dug-pa to sit or stand close together in rows Mil,, 6'., W. Cf. ril-ba. ^, r ., hrud-pa adj. and abstract noun, ^> rough, rugged; severe, austere ; rough- ness etc.; hrud-po adj. id. Cs. h rum-pa to break, to smash Sch. Jirul-ba adj. and abstr. sbst. tattered; raggedness, hrul-bai dug- po a ragged coat Mil. ; hrul-po id., gos It rid - po Dzl. and elsewh. frq. 2. sbst. : rags, tatters, gos-su hrul-po gyon-pa to put on rags for a garment Pth.; hrul-Kau a ruin, ' ruins Sch. Mi-rj hrem-pa swollen Sch., lirem-me id. Mng. . nj. lha, Ssk. ^^. 1. the first class of beings ^ subjectto metempsychosis, the gods.both those of Brahminical mythology, and the various national and local gods, with whom Buddhism came in contact. These local gods were incorporated into the system of Bud- dhism, when they were found to be too numerous and too much endeared to the people, to be entirely discarded and given up; so, most of them are worshipped even nowadays and presented with various offer- ings. They are also supposed to enjoy a 599 lha blissful existence (hence : de-riti Ihd-yi nyi- ma sar 'this day was a day of happiness to me' Glr., and similar expressions are of frq. occurrence; v. also Iha-yuV) and to be possessed of qualities and capacities superior to those of ordinary human beings. Never- theless, when compared with any Buddhist saint, they are considered to be of inferior rank and power; and a local ( lha' can never attain to Buddhaship, without having pre- viously assumed the nature of man; \.Kopp. I, 122. 248. II, 296. lhai bu or sras, bu-mo or srds-mo descendant from the gods, son or daughter of the gods Dzl. and elsewh.; lha mi fob-pa to obtain the birth as a god or as man Thyy.; lhai yi-ge the Lantsa- letters, v. lan-tsa; lha Jbdb-pa the (mystical) entering of a deity into a huoian being, in- spiration, so that the person inspired pro- nounces the oracles of the god, lha zuy's-pa id. pop. ; also : the person thus inspired ; lha ni Kyab- jiig-la mos as for gods, they wor- shipped Vishnu Pth., lha md-mo-la byed they worshipped the Manio as a 'lha' Pth.; lhai dbdii-po, lha-bddy, = bryya-byin Indra; in another sense : lhai ryydl-po byed-pa to make the gods subject to one's self, (said to be the blessed consequence of a certain charm) Do.\ the following gods are occasionally mentioned : ndm - mkai lha the deity of heaven Tar.; that of the sea, Dzl. ; the gods of trees, of houses etc.; dgrd-lha and po-lha are two personal gods of every human in- dividual, the one being the god of the right side, the other of the left side of his body Glr., Mil. ; yi-dam-lha v. yi-dam. 2. the image of a god, in as much as it is really thought to be inhabited by a deity, after having been duly inaugurated (rdb-tuynds- pa) Glr.; the local 'Aa' are not always represented by figures resembling human beings, but even by sticks, stones and simi- lar fetishes; gods also of non-Buddhist na- tions are called 'lha' and are acknowledged as such. 3. fig. : mii lha a king Mil, and hence 'lha' is often used in addressing a king, like the French Sire! Iha-ryyal-yab- yutn the royal father and mother Pt/i.; Lhd- >/t Ilia the lord of lords, the supreme being, Buddha Cs. Comp. 1/ia-lMn an idol-shrine. llm-yii<i 1. dear Sir! dear Lord and King! l*th. '2. princess Glr. Iha-lcdm a princess I'fh. lha-cen a great and. mighty deity. Ihd- cos v. cos no. 2. Ihd-rje physician Wdii. - lha-rten image or temple of a god or of the gods. lha-fo (prob. for lhai fo-yor) heaps of stones, erected on mountain passes or on the tops of mountains. lha- dre gods and goblins, lha klu O dre srin ydug- pa man Glr. 2. goblin, hobgoblin; *lhd- c dre- bet'-ka* mullein (Verbascum) Lh.; *ldn-(je non son* W. I have had the night-mare. Ihd-sde, mi-sde the class of the gods, the class of men. lha-ndd Sch.: hysterics; madness. lha-pydy honours shown to the 'lha', worship paid to them, pyoys bzir Iha- pydg mdn-po btsdl-te bowing towards the tour points of the compass in token of re- verence to the 'lha' Pf/t., often only: com- pliments, kind regards, offered to respected persons, in letters. lha-pyi n. of a moun- tain in the south of Tibet Mil. lha-prug a descendant from the gods, child of the gods; as a mask Schl. 235. lha-prdn inferior deities. Iha-bru-mHan or -pa a painter of gods. lha-Jbdns Tar.', Sc/tf.: slaves (doing service) in temples. lha-ma- yin, lha~min, ^f^^, one of the six classes of beings, living on the slopes of the Sumeru below the 'lha' against whom, like Titans, they are continually fighting; also Iha-ma- yin-mo are mentioned. lha-ma-srin gods, Asuras and Rukshasas, or perh. also : Iha- ma-srin sde brgyad the eight classes of the gods, Asuras, Kakshasas etc., i.e. the whole world of spirits. Ihd-mo goddess. Iha- ma-rtd Sch.: a certain insect. Ihd-bzo 1. the art of making images of gods Pth. 2. also lha-bzo-bo a fran/er of gods Glr. Ihd-yul [. the region of the world where the gods reside, the heaven, seat or abode of the gods. 2. fig. : a blessed country, a |i;n;ulise. Ihd-sa (in early times lha-lddn) Sch.,Kopp. 11,332, n. of the capital of Tibet, lha-srin gods and Rakshasas; */,- f/m- 600 lha-nd lhan srin, ^og klu-ynydn, bar yZi-bddg, are often mentioned in connexion. lha-srun tutelar god, bod-kyi Glr. oj-r- lha-nd knee-pan, pits-mo yyds-pai lha- nd sd-la O dzug-pa to kneel down on the right knee frq. ; Iha-Kun the bend of the knee W. oj-rj- lhd-ba Med. and Pth., ace. to Wdn. also klad-rgyds,Sch.: 'the bloody mar- row in the bones; whilst he translates rmai lhd-ba by : 'the growing worse of a wound'. arc- lha-ru Med.-, Sch. cartilage (cf. Iha- *) gor sub lkog-md). ojcrr lhag 1. more, beyond, *dd-wa cig lay son* more than a month has passed W., *nyi-ma-pyed lag son* W. it is already past noon, rgyd-mfso-bas kyati Ihdg-ste as this alone would be more than the whole sea Dzl.; nyi-sus lhag more by twenty S.g. 2. = Ihdg-ma. Ihdg-pa 1. adj. surpassing, excelling, superior, O di-las Ihdg-pai yzan cos med DzL ; nyam-fdg-pa nd-las Ihdg-pa yod- dam is there any one that is thinner than I? Dzl. ; d-rnams-kyi ndn-nas Ihdg-pa the best amongst these Glr.; rgya hor ynyis- las Ihdg-pa ned bod yin we Tibetans surpass the Chinese and Mongols (in sagacity) Glr. 2. rarely = lhag -ma', de-las Ihdg-pa the others, the remaining S.g. 6, 1. de-lhag be- sides, moreover. Ihdg-par adv. more (magis) frq.., mostly with adj., but also with verbs, sin-tu Ihdg-par far more; very, ex- ceedingly, uncommonly, Ihdg-par Ugs-pa un- commonly beautiful DzL; ces Ihdg-par ex- tremely, excessively Stg.; further, further- more , moreover. Ihdg-ge-ba = lhag -pa, Ihdg-ge mdzdd-nas making it project. lhag -ma 1. remains, scrapings, snar bsad- pai Ihdg-ma (the letters) which at the last discussion remained, were left, (unexplain- ed) Gram.', lha lhag -ma-mams the other, the remaining gods Stg. ; the remainder, in subtracting Wdk. 2. razor -stone, razor- strap Sch. 3. being above, being at the upper part of, gron the place lying higher up (the valley), opp. to ^6g-ma Dzl. Comp. lhag-bcas 1 . having more than so and so much, bhd-ra-ta slo-ka Jbum lhag- bcas the Bharata of more than 100,000 verses Tar. 2. the gerund in te (ste etc.) Gram. lhag -mf on 'seeing more' (than other mor- tals), in certain states of contemplation v. zi-ynas sub zi. ajOT'CTXT* Ihdg-gis = Ihan-her, lhag-gis O car Thgr.,Jbyun Mil. he shines bright, Ihdg-ge-ba = lhan-ne-ba Mil. Ihdg-pa I. sbst., also yza Ihdg-pa 1. Mercury. 2. Wednesday. - II. adj. more excellent, v. lhag. ' lhag(s)-pa I. sbst. cold wind, lag- papog the cold wind has wither- ed them (the flowers) W.; lo-ysdr Ihdgs-pa the cold new year's wind Mil. II. vb., to come together, to meet, to assemble, with other persons; perh. also: to join, to be ad- jacent or contiguous, of houses, beams etc. ^ T C"C" ^ iail ~' ie i lhan-ne, lham-me, also Ihag- ^ ge, lam-me, lham-pa clear, distinct, to the sight as well as to the ear; lhan-iie lham-mer ysal-te (Buddha) appearingclearly and distinctlyi>2Z.,in a similar sense : Iham- me lhan-ne lhan-ner bzugs-so Ptli.', clear, sonorous; h'yi-skad lhan-lhan-pa Mil. the clear (loud) barking of dogs; fcyod lhan-lhan glu-len-pa Mil thou clear-voiced songster; lhan-lhan brjod-la speaking with a clear, sonorous voice. Cs. has: majestic, glorious, sublime, august. rayr- lhad a baser substance mixed with a finer one, an alloy, lhad O jug-pa or sre- ba with la, Uidd-kyis sldd-pa with accus. M/.,to alloy, adulterate, Ihdd-can adulterated, e.g. milk 6'., lhad-med unadulterated, pure, genuine, real; *foig hie' sor* C. or *zug son* W. spurious words are admixed, falsehoods have been artfully introduced; pyis Ihdd- du bciig-pai fsig Tar. a later interpolation. 2. BaL, *ylad*, fatigued, exhausted. r^f' lhan together, Ihdn-gyis (when referring *9 i to the subject of the action), Ihdn-nas (as ablative case), Ihdn-du (the most frq. form) with one another, together, lhan-fcig (-tu~), and often Ihan-cig^-tu} id.: bdag dan Ihan-ycig zan mi zd-na if you will not eat together with me DzL, rta bcus Ihdn-du rgyugs-pa ltd-bui sgra a noise as if ten lhdn-pa lhuy-pa 601 horses were trotting together Glr.\ rtd-pa brgija dan Ihdn-du accompanied by a hund- red men on horseback Glr. ; llian(-cig)- skycs(-pa} born together with, e.g. the '//*' or ^dre' born together with every human being Mil.; llian-skyes nad, rma a heredi- tary disease or defect Med. lhan-rgyds 1. 'partner of the seal', i.e. a colleague using the same seal in official business (Ihan- rgyds-kyi fe-tse, or spyi-ddm}. 2. = Ihan- ycly, *hlen-gy<j-la fsoy or zug* they have come together. lhdn-pa I. vb., to join, to unite, *Ka Un-ce*W. to kiss, *'u Idn-ce* id. resp. II. sbst. 1. a patch, Ihdn-pas kldn-pa 13., *hlem-pa gydg-pa* C., *gydb-ce* W. } O debs- pa, rddb-pa Mil. to patch, mend. 2. spot, speck, blot, place differently coloured, ^od- zer sdr-cin Ihdn-pa bzin-du a sunbeam form- ing by reflection a bright spot Dzl; Ihan- fdbs appendix, supplement, title of a medical book. ojCT'ojjn'n' lhab-lhdb-pa, lhabs-se lhabs Sch. : 'to flutter to and fro, to glimmer, glisten' (?). lhab-lhub wide, flowing, dar-ber lhab-lhub a wide silk cloak; prob. also sbst.: the moving to andfro, waving, me- tog-gi of flowers Do., *hlab-hlub-tu sol* C. loosen your dress! make yourself comfort- able! lhatn boot, also shoe; mcil-lham id.; rgyd-lham a Chinese boot, sog-lham a Mongol boot. Comp. lham-skud twine, used by shoe- makers Schr. lham-Kan-cen (prob. a Chi- nese word) strong Chinese boots C. llidm- mtfan shoemaker Schr. Iham-sgrog shoe- strap, latchet; string for lacing felt-leggings. lham-mfil boot-sole. lham-yu leg of a boot 6's., lliam yu-rin boots with long legs Sch. Sch.: lham-krdd or -skrdd pieces of leather, used for the patching of soles; lham-yog worn-out boots; lham- grdm the upper-leather, the vamp; lham sgro-yu-can buskins; lham yu-cdd a sort of slippers to which cotton leggings are sewed (?); rti'/t- Iham quarter-piece (of a shoe). * at Once 5 a ^ 5 every thing Sch. CLlhem, ^ ms (' 7?u O ! P en > fold, inclosure for sheep C., W.; also *hlt-ra*. 2. also lhes(-ma) braid; wicker-work; texture; also of pastry, twisted cake or bun, cracknel ( W. *zim-zag*\ also lhas-dog. lh as -bstdn n. of the birth-place of the mother of Buddha, Ssk. " Ihds-pa v. under sle-ba. lhas-byin, ^^TT, n. of a cousin of Buddha who, as the legends have it, was continually annoying Buddha by malicious artifices, whereby, however, the blameless character of the latter showed itself but the more conspicuously; hence proverbially used for any malicious character a. J/Att, cf. lins-pa\ Ihiu - skrdn Sch. : a tumor filled with matter, an abscess, Ihin-rtsa a full vein; Ihin cdd-pa Lt. } ace. to Sch. : completely separated. 04- llm part, portion of the body of an animal, >j =%zug, Ihu-fsigs bcu - ynyis Sch. : the 12 chief parts (of an animal) resulting from this way of dividing it, but elsewhere 18 such parts are mentioned; Ihii-ru ysil-ba to divide, to parcel out Mil.; share in plough- land, v. sub spyod-pa I, 2. SWT Ihug v. Idug-pa to pour Cs. Q a y_.^.. lhug-pa, Cs. : ( lhug-pa and Ihug -ma 5 ' prose ;lhuy-po wide, diffuse, luxurious, yos Ihug-lhug-po a very ample robe; Ihiuj- par amply, copiously, plentifully; lhi{(/-/>ar smra-ba to speak diffusely, copiously, to speak in prose'. Sch. adds: l lhuys successive, continuous; Ihugs-fsig and lhug-pa conti- nuous prose'. The principal meaning, how- ever, seems to be: uninterrupted, having no gaps; unreserved; ///i/f/-j><ir />x<'l-]i ^- .s-/^/s- ysdh-med-par bsdd-pa to explain completely, without omitting any thing, *lug tdn-ce* Ld. to give unreservedly, without limitation; hence also: liberally, plentifully; tnci-ma 38* 602 lhun-ba Ihug-par sor or byun Mil., tears were flow- ing abundantly. In some other passages the meaning of Ihug-pa is not quite clear. ojr*n* Ihiin-ba, pf. of Itun-ba; limn Ihun >j> snydn - pai sgra sgrog - cih Jbdb - bo sweetly murmuring (the gentle stream) de- scends Mil. ojr'njgr- Ihuit-bzcd, Ssk. fTn^nn"% the alms- ' bowl of Buddha and of the mendi- cant friars. oj*. Ihun mass, bulk, Ihun-can massy, bulky; ' well-fed, *lun-fug-po* W., lhun-ce-ba very large; Ihun-fawu) yrub(-pd) ace. to Cs. : 'formed in mass, or all at once', self- created, not contrived by human labour; bgo- ba dan bzd-ba Ihun-gyis grub-pas clothes and "food coming forth of themselves Dzl.; also used of palaces, sacred buildings, images, though in such instances often only by way of compliment; Ihun-grub is also noun per- sonal. Ihun-po, ri-rab-lhun-po the moun- tain of the universe, Meru, Sumeru. frq. Ihun- stugSch., lliun-fug Thgy. very great, in refer- ence to the mental darkness produced by sin; prob. also: considerable, sublime, grand. tq*r Ihub-pa 1. sbst. width, Ihub-pa-can Cs., yan(s)-hlub, hlub-hlub W., C. wide, of clothes. 2. vb. : to bind, tie, fasten, e.g. ornaments to the ear Ts., = klub-pa. ojj^f Ihums, resp. for mhal the womb frq., >2> lhums-su ziigs-pai dus-mcod sacrifi- cial festival of the conception (of Buddha) Sch. ojx* Ihur, with len-pa or byed-pa c. ace. ^> to apply one's self to, bestow pains upon, don-ynyer byed-pa Dzl. and elsewh. $!pT Ihe-ba v. sle'-ba. a$r' llien Cs. 'filth or dross in the bowels, ' causing obstruction'; ace. to others: internal excrescences, v. skran', Sch.: llien or Ihen-snd pit of the heart. ojrr Iheb, dbugs llieb-llicb-tu O dug-pa Pth. ^ *'ug leb leb jhed - de* C. gasping for breath. rSjjr Ihem now, at present, directly, instantly C. ; all (of them) cf. lhams. ' S^'^T lhon-pa Ihes-ma Ihds-ma 2; also: the act of twisting, plaiting, *hle-ma fjydb- 2)a* C. to twist, to plait. rilio south, Iho-nub south-west, sar-lho south-east; Ihor, Iho -pynys-su to the south, towards the south; Iho-tfa prob. = ZAo; lho-Ka mon-nas ^ons Mil. they came from the Mon in the south; lho-pa, lho- brug-pa an inhabitant of Bhotan ; Iho-yul ace. to Cunn. the original form of the name of that pro- vince which is now called Llihul or La hoi by the Hindoos, and Lahoul by the English; Iho-bur Sch. (also Iho-^u-ma), = Kuy-rna. SraiTr lhdy-p a -> yl9~P a ^ s - ^ large ulcer or sore, Sch.: carbuncle, anthrax, sbydn- ba to cure it; in Med. also nya-lhog and gag-lhog are mentioned. According to the description, however, which Tibetan phy- sicians gave us of the lhog-pa, it seems to denote a cancerous ulcer, against which they employ the Aconitum ferox of Nepal, or in default of it some other species of aconite. o^r- Ihon Sch. vexation, anger, wrath (?); ^ but: 'Ihon sor he has lost the Ihon, is said of one who was not equal to the exer- tions of incessant meditation, and who in consequence has lost his senses, v. sub smyon-pa. ojr'r lhod-pa, glod-pa, lod-pa or -po, Ihod, *> ' lhod-po 1. loose, relaxed, unstrung, Slackened, yan-ldg of the limbs, e.g. when death approaches S.g., *zug-po Ud-po cd- na* W. when one gets tired (one cannot help yawning), lhod-pa sgrim-pa to tighten what is loose, Ihod Ihod ytoh-ba to slacken ; fig. *'6-ma Ud-po* W. the milk begins to fail, milk is scarce. 2. of the mind: easy, careless, unconcerned, lhod-de nyol cig sleep well! sleep soundly! Glr.; bio Ihod gyis-la sod relate the matter calmly, coolly J\hL; ses-pa Ihod-ciii in good spirits, of a cheer- ful temper Pth.; fobs sig yod-kyi rgyal-po fugs Ihod mdzod there is yet a help ; there- fore, o king, be of good cheer! Pth. lhon-pa, glon-pa to return, to give or pay back Cs. 603 w j 1- the consonant which is formed in the lowest and hindmost part of the or- gans of speech, being produced by the opening of the glottis, like the Greek spiritus lenis, the Hebrew Aleph and the Arabian Elif. (In our modern languages the opening of the glottis is not regarded as a consonant, nor expressed by a particular letter or sign.) Combined with the Tibetan vowel -signs, t% ift tfj, t& {}, it is pronounced 'a, \ N3 'u, V, 'o (cf. aj. It is also called skye-ba- mcd-pai yi-ge, probably because all speak- ing depends on and is rendered possible only by a previous opening of the glottis; hence this letter is a symbol of the deity, of the cos-sku that was before every thing else. Spyan-ras-zig, therefore, addresses a celestial Buddha with 'a: 'a skye-med rnam- ddy cos-kyi dbyihs. 2. num. : 30. ' a ( a ^) 1- * a Ld" anc * Kli. the col. demonstr. pron , for de that (q.v.); *'a-w*from thence, there,' d-ru there, thither, that way. 2. ZA, pronounced very short and sharp, well? what is the matter? yes! here! w- g 'a 6s.: 'Ssk. : ^f, a mystical exclama- tion'. acc - 160='-> Kh. " 'd-ka-ru Cs., v. 'd-ga-ru. 'a-ka-la Lt, Ssk. : untimely. rr^r* 'a-kro/t an alpine plant, in Lh. """"'" Roy lea. clamation expressive of contempt and detestation, opp. to 'd-la-la; ace. to 6s. 'a-Hag is also adj. = mi-sdug-pa. yy*ro* >a -Ku, W. also 'a-ku, col. for Kit-bo C 1. father's brother, uncle Mil, C., W. 2. husband, consort W. aloe-wood, agal- lochum, calambac. 'a-yy 1 ' 8 caressing word used by mothers soothingtheir babies, prob. without any particular signification Thgy. ankle-bone Lt. -^ M -^" inter J- cx - pressive of pain from cold, hence 'a-^u-zer-ba n. of one of the cold hells. 13T<5B* ' a ~^> ' a -ty Bal- 'a-se, col. for ce-ze 1. an elder sister of a female per- son. 2. W. wife, mistress, madam, used as address and otherwise. v 'a-)6 C., W., joyo C. (v.)o-bo') 1. an elder brother of a male person. 2. Sir, Mr., gentleman, lord, used in addressing and otherwise; also like our: friend! ho there! hollo! I say! 'a-yho lag C. the old Squire, = ga-gd Ld. ' a -ti-sa Ssk. , pul-du-byii/i-ba Tib., n. of a celebrated Pandit of Bengal, who lived for many years in Tibet, and died there in the eleventh century of our era. 'arti-ba beautiful, good Sch (?). PtU dogs Sch. table (?) TTT-^' 'a-don Sch.: 'without sexual distinc- ' ' tion; sense of the letter 'a'. j^r-j-r' 'a-dniit C. horse-boy, one tending %i horses. .,5... _.,-.. 'd-na(-na) an interjection ex- ' ' pressive of grief Sc/t. ' a - na ~ ma ~ na Sch- ' having a strik- ing likeness (?). 'd-nu Hindi man's name, also used in Tibet Glr. w.?. 'd-ne 1. = ne-nc-mo father's sister, ' aunt; grand-aunt Glr. 2. a.: nun. G04 d-pa 'd-ra 3. W. wife, partner, spouse, *'d-ne kur-ce* to take a wife, to marry, *(s)kyd-wo 'd-ne kur cog* a layman is at liberty to marry; *'d-ne-la co-ce* to treat, to use as a wife, sensu obsc. = to sleep with. 4. a woman, a female. 5. Sch. an old woman (?). J" 'd-pa 'd-pa. 'a-po U: building (= *Uar-lto? W.}, *'d-po gydb-pa* to construct a house, to build. 'd-praSch. zizel, earless marmot, souslik (Spermophilus citillus). 'd-pa, 'd-pa col. iorp'a, in B. of rare occurrence ; * 'd-pa cen-po* the elder, *cun-nu* the younger, of the husbands of a person's mother, hence occasionally = uncle; *'d-pe sa* W. a vulgar oath; also (like pa) uncastrated male animal, cf. pa. 'a-po-nd C. col. : I, cf. Ko-bo-nd. 'a-pyi Mil., *'a-p? } 'a-pi*, ior pyi-mo grandmother. T 'a-pyim old woman, goody, dame Sch. 'a-prc'ig Sch. : the bosom, of a gar- ment, 'a-prdg-tu sdu-ba to put into the bosom, = 'am-bdg. t^T^'^'y 'a-wa-dhu-ti v. dhu-ti. 3 .-.._. 'a-bau, for ban-po, the husband of the father's or the mother's sister Cs. 'a-bi-sa Ssk.: 'anti venomous', n. of a medicinal herb Wdn. 'a-bo 1. Sch. = 'a-jo. 2. a medi- cine S.g. 'a-bo-tseSch.: 'good, tolerable, mid- dling', cf. Bun.: eb-bo good. ._.._-. 'a-byag and 'a- bras names of me- ? ' dicines Med. 'd-ma col. and sometimes in B. = ma mother; *'d-me sa* a vulgar oath; 'd-ma drin-cen soaking addresses a wonder- working nun Pth. 'a-ma-gyis Cs. inter)., prob. simi- lar to a-gyis. 'a-mi-de-ba the usual Tibetan corruption of ^fJTrTW) v - <^~ dpag-med. .^. .... ' 'd-mra Ssk. the mango tree and -fruit Dzl. ^^c- 'a-mri-ta (SsL ^TTfiambrosia; also ^ ' various fruits etc.)* in the Lt. perh. the guava fruit, which in Hindoostani is now called amriit. ' a ~t sa (.- ma } inter), expressive of pain by touching hot objects Sch . ; also used in various other instances, when disagreeably surprised, startled etc. bdag ma grol-ba Q di 'd-tsa-ma alas! I am not yet released! T/tgr.; ' d-tsa-ma yi-dways snyiii re-rje alas! ye poor Yidags folk! Mil. 'a-tsa-ra Mil. a species of hob- goblins, or spectres; in C. a Ben- galee, ace. to Lew. The observations of Hue (II, 271) concerning this word seem to be mixed with some errors. 'a-tsarya, Ssk. ^TRT*T> spiritual guide or father, instructor, professor, doctor. ' a "^ a (~^ sa ) an inter), expressing discomfort occasioned by heat. 'a-mfsar Sch.: oh dear, what a wonder! 'd-dza-na Wdn., 'd-dzi-na Sty., ^rf^f Will: the hairy skin of a black antelope, which serves the religious student for a couch, seat, covering etc.; Tibetan writers use it for the animal itself: n-dwags 'd-dzi-nai pdgs-pa Stg. " ' a ~zdn 1. col. for zdn-po mother's brother, *' a-zan-fsd-wo* nephew. 'an address' (?). 'd-wa a medicinal herb S.g.? * 'fcwofto, 'd-barta(-na} Ssk. (' whirl, whirlpool, eddy') a disease of the rlun, q.v.; perh. dizziness? Med. ywQ^"* 'au-tsi 1. Sch.: it is of no conse- ^ quence, it does not matter. 2. n. of a plant = bya-po-tsi-tsi. ' a -y a - Zwa - f od dead-nettle Med. ' a 'y u V- (= tiu-yu) hornless, of cattle. 'd-ra beard Ts. 2. Cs. 'd-rd ' 'd-rd Hind, a saw. a ~ ra ~P a ~^ sa - na a mystical and symbolical word, IFas. (183) w-xcn' 'a-rdg, resp. bscs-rdg C., O don-rdg ' W., arrack, brandy, the usual bar- ley-brandy, which is distilled in the con- vents and in nearly every manor-house. - 'd-ru 1. prob. Ssk. a medicinal plant, Med. 2. v. '. 'a-m-m myrobalan, an astringent medicinal fruit Med. frq. 'a-rum a species of garlic, with a pale-red blossom, Allium strictum. '-/ an interj. the meaning of which is stated differently, Mil.] 'a-re pans well then! throw it away! 'a-rdg Sch.: = rogs-po, grogs, com- panion. mate, fellow, comrade. friend; 'a-rog-Kya or gya Sch.: 'a complimentary phrase or form of salutation'. '"~^ a (~^ a ) Mil., also '-/ id. interj. expressive of joyful sur- prise: aye, ah, that is capital! des-na } d- la-la well, that is excellent or splendid in- deed! Mil.', also adjectively : *de san di 'd- la-la* W. this is much better than that! '^'"^' the Tibetan vowels, 'd-li-kd-li the series of the vowels together with the consonants; 'a-pren id. 'a-li a little C. 'a-U-tiug-ta a swallow Cs. ' 'a-MA Sch. buckle, clasp (?). " VW/t a ring. *M apricot. 'a-so-^an. of a tree and of a king. 'a-sdm Sch.: a thick sauce or broth, soup; 'a-sbydr a thin broth. a-sru for sru-mo aunt Sch. 'a-ysdl-la adv. openly, manifest- ly, publicly, = mnon-st'tm-du. 605 'a-ha-hd interj. expressing joy, pleasure, satisfaction. 'a-ho-ye yea, nay even (?). bad C. , the'neem' of Anglo-Indians, an important re- medy for cutaneous diseases. ' a 9~^ m Gb'-i 'off-fsdm Sch., resp zal-fsom Pth., beard of the chin, chin-tuft. {! 'an 1. sbst. = O doms? 'ah-rta, 'dn-ras loin-cloth C 1 ., W.; 'ari-fu/i under-gar- ment, jarwv, (hence also to be used for shirt and shift); 'an-rdg trowsers, breeches l*th. 2. interj.: well then! now then! well! in French: eh lien! at the beginning of a speech also 'dn-ge, 'd/i-ke, 'dn-ki, Mil., with- out any regard to rank. ^"f '"''"#*' or 'a/t-kif SsL ^r^-, figure, ' number, cipher, also 'an-grans, 'ah- yig Cs. ; the last word, ace. to others, means secret characters, cryptography. 'an-gu-li Ssk. finger Do. 'an-rgar-Jig ace. to Lew. English, Hd. angrt>:i. 'an-ma-tsi Sch. flies, winged in- sects. 'an W. white chalk. Sch. : cervical ver- tebra. 'an-fdos C.: stocks, *'an-do-la Jug-pa* to put (a person) into the stocks. Bra-QJK' 'an- Q ddrC. I. board, plank, deal. ' ' 2. Icags-kyi 'an- ddr ('*. an iron instrument of torture; ace. to Thgy. a kind of press. 'andra-rnyi-la Lex., corrupted form for 'indra-nt-la. col. C. for ilia-incog, snam-brag ear; bosom. ' am ~^ an a Chinese resident, Clii- nese superior civil officer, in the chief cities and provincial towns of the tri- butary countries of China. 606 ''dr-ga, '/'-&, \'r-ka 1. Cs. marble. 2. plaster-floor made of pulverized marble and oil, also *'a-zdl.*' ywXTnV ' ar " # ow an offspring of parents ' not having the same rank, nor the same religion, and not belonging to the same nation Ld. l$3'&, 'o,-rgam Sck. : 'the offering of sacri- ' fices' ; Will. : ^| respectful offering to a god or Brahman. 'ar-dza-ka SsL, Sc/t.: cotton, 'r- dza-kai dog-pa Glr. cotton-capsule. (This signification is not to be found in our &>&.-dictionaries.) 'dr-la y tad-pa Sch.: 'to be reduced to extremities, to extreme misery' (?). 'al-ycig Sch. : 'the one half of a pair, e.g. one eye', = ya-ycig. *'dl-ta* (for da-lta)Bal. 1. now, at present 2. to-day. " ' a ^"j *al- tin-la kur-ce* W. to carry something bulky tied up in the girdle. 'alrtd, 'al-tse earthen kit- chen-pot Ld. * 'al-la v. 'a-la-la. 'asma - gar - Ma, Tar. : nor - bu asma-gar-bha Schf.: emerald. T^T- 'z 1. beer, = carl, C. 2. vulgar pro- nunciation of dbiji, *yi*, the lynx. 3. num.: 60. '*% V> ^ hiccough, sob, i-l!ug yoh-narag* I have got the hiccough, *'i-fcug gyab dug* he hiccoughs. "indrargo-pa, \*%ftn, cochineal; yet among the substances devot- *N ed to a costly Chodten it is mentioned as one of the five divine jewels Glr. 1. wdm'nz-la sapphire (Sch.: emer- id ?). 'u num.: 90. 'u-cug, with *c6-ce* W. to persuade, e.g. to buy something. 'u-dum-ba-ra (Ssk. Ficus c/lo- meratd) in Tibetan literature a fabulous lotos of immense size. ' u ~ ma S s k-> prob. also spelled dbu- ma, n. of the wife of Siwa (Durga, Kali etc.). 'u-fsugs Sch. = 'u-f&g. \i-rgydn 1. also 'odiyana Cs., (not mentioned in Ssk. dictionaries), often written in the abbreviated form &I<3L a fa- bulous country in the north-west of India (though Cs. supposes it to be Ujain), fre- quently represented as a kind of paradise. 2. now a noun personal of frq. occurrence; 'u-rgyan-padma v. padjna-Jbyun-ynds. -c6s n. of a remedy Med. ^'cr" 'un-gu oil-lamp C. 'ut-pa-la, 'ud-pa-la a blue lotos which is also used for medicinal purposes. Jn Lh. this name seems to be transferred to Pole- monium caerulcum. 'un-fug v. ^u-fug. 'um a kiss, *"um jor-ica or gydg-pa* to kiss C. I W 'ur-rgyd a warm meal-porridge ; fer- menting dough C. r" 'ur-rdo v. ur-rdo. 1 'ur-ba v. dbur-ba. l-^dg col. for ij*' 'e I. in 6'. and later literature, an in- terrogative, pronounced short, accented, and usually put immediately before the vb. or the pron. which stands in the place of the vb.: * de-mo e yo'*? do you feel well? are you well? are you getting on well? Kyed dan 'e Q prad mi ses I do not know whether I shall see you again Mil. ; '<? nus mi nus whether we shall be able or not Mil. ; rarely for even if, though, although, 'e sus kyaii mi fub-na though nobody is really able to do it. 2. num.: 120. e-nya-ya (507 dm 'e-na-ya, Ssk. TJTJJ-, a fa- bulous black antelope with short legs and black eyes. 'e-ma, 'e-ma^o, 'e-ma-ho inter), ex- pressing joy, surprise, astonishment, hey! hey day! indeed! you don't say so! in asking, beseeching, requesting a person's attention: please, pray, I say; or expressive of lamentation, compassion: alas! oh! would to God! dear! e.g.: 'e-ma sems-can snyiii- re-rje alas, the poor people ! Glr. 'e-wam, Ssk. ir^r, yes, certainly, to be sure Wdk. and elsewh. 'e-ra-ka Cs.: c n. of a country, Irak? Chaldaea?' (In Ssk. it denotes a sort of grass, or a woollen carpet.) ' ' e ~l a > Ssk- Tr^TT> 'e-la prd-mo Wdn. small cardamoms, seed of Electeria Cardamomum. 'en-tsam a little, some, a small bit, 'en-re quick, fast, speedy Sch. K 'en- ddr v. 'an- dar. 'ew-a, 'dm-ci (Turkish word) phy- sician W. 'er-ka C. v. 'dr-ka. 'o 1. for T^o a kiss, Ptli. 2. num.: 150. ^ 'o-dkdr W. = Ikog-dkor, v. lkog-ma. 'o-di-ydn v. 'u-rgydn. 'dndra, ^ft^ Odra, the northern part of Orissa, Wdk. '6-mo-su (Mongol word) stocking 6'. * '-ldoh, 'o-do/i, col. *V-o* Cs., wind- pipe; *Vfe* W. throat; *'o-le ddm-te si sou* he is suffocated. O^ffSf '"^ (Mongol word ?) /Sc/i. : the place where two rivers flow together, the confluence of two rivers. 'o-rgydn = 'u-rgydn Pth. 6m, Ssk. ^sfti^, mystical interjection, in S| later Hindooism the symbol of the Hindoo triad, in as much as it consists of the three sounds, a (Vishnu), u(Shiva), and m (Brah- ma). This interjection frequently occurs in the prayers of the northern Buddhists of Tibet, and especially in the famous 'six- syllable prayer', mpad-me hum, the literal version of which is: <0 thou jewel in the lotus, hum? The person addressed in these words is not Bud- dha, but Spyan-ras-yzigs (v. spy an) \ by some he is thought to be the author of them. Concerning the import of this short apo- strophy the best information is to be found Kopp. II, 59-61. The Tibetans them- selves are ignorant of the proper sense of these six syllables, if sense at all there be in them, and it is not unlikely that some shrewd priest invented this form of prayer, in order to furnish the common people with a formula or symbol, easily to be retained by the memory, and the frequent recital of which might satisfy their religious wants. And though there may be no obvious mean- ing in such exclamations or prayers, yet their efficacy is sure to be firmly believed in by a people, whose practical religion chiefly consists in the performance of cer- tain rites and ceremonies, in a devout ve- neration of their Lamas, combined with frequent oblations to them, in abstaining from gross sins (regarding even the killing of live animals as such), and in the Pra- dakshina (v. skor-ba 2). The numerous attempts that have been made to explain the Ommanipadmehum satisfactorily, and to discover a deeper sense or even a hidden wisdom in it, have proved more or less un- successful. The most simple and popular, but also the flattest of these explanations is derived from the purely extrinsic circum- stance, that the Sanskrit words of the prayer consist of six syllables, and accordingly it is suggested, that each of these syllables, when pronounced by a pious Buddhist, con- veys a blessing upon one of the 'six classes of beings 1 . The conjecture with which Kopp. closes his disquisition, is certainly ^l.' 'o- 'a-hum nothing but a smart thought of that learned author. , s used e. g. for transforming the mi- ytsdh-la bcu into bdud-rtsi, v. the expla- nation given under nan-mcod. .. 'o-fsugs Sch. : propping one's chin on both fists, 'o-fsugs mdzad Mil. i" 'og-rgyd beard ; 'og-fsum = 'ag-fsom. j. '6g-ma throat, neck, = lkocj-ma; 'og- zo a beautiful white neck, a 'milk- neck' Glr. ; 'og-sko prob. = 'os-sko Med. 'oh-gu a lamp, 'on-rds the wick of NJ a lamp 6'. BfariESr 'on-le W. resp. for 'a, at your ser- vice! at your commands ! ptarmigan Sch. 'om-mog throat and chest Sch. j- 'ol-ma C. throat, windpipe, = 'ol- ldon\ *'ol-ma ddm-te se'-pa* to strangle, throttle; 'ol-rko, 'ol-gon, 'ol-kron id., or ace. to others = 'ol-mdud the fore- part of the larynx. ^ 'os-sko, also *6-ku* C. the chin, resp. zal-ko. 'os-cos Ts. *(t-co* Pcdicularis llookeriana. ENGLISH-TIBETAN VOCABULARY, English-Tibetan Vocabulary. The figures, here and there attached to Tibetan words, refer to the page where the respective article is tc be found. The accent is marked only when, exceptionally, it rests on the last syllable of a word. A, An, article big 140. Abandon skyur-ba; spon-ba; Jjor-ba. Abate zi-ba. Abbot mKan-po. Abdomen cat, esp. shu-cdl. Ability nus-pa; rtsal. Ablative case Jbyun-Kuvs. Able mtfas-pa; to be Kyud-pa; Icogs-pa; nyan-pa; fub-pa; nus-pa; pod-pa; O fsugs- pa; ties-pa. A blution Krus. Abode mcis-bi'dn ; O dug-ynas; O dug-sa ; ynas (-fsan) ; yzi-ma. Abolish jig-pa; snub-pa. Abortion skyur-ma ; mn al rlugs-pa. Abounding rgyas-pa 109, mod-po, O dzom- po. About tsam-na, tsa-na; round v. pyogs 352; to be ca-ba 152; cas^pa. Above adv. steri-na', bla\ yan, yan-la 506; prep.A?a-wa, Ka-tni, Ka-la, fear M',gon-du; Itag-nas, ltag\ fog-tu. Abridge sdud-pa. Abridgment zin-bris. Abroad v. byes; to go byes-su O gro-ba. Abscess cu-bur; pol. Absolutely cis-kyan ; ga-na-med. Abstinence dge-ba ; fsod-ses-pa 452. Abundant tfrigs. Abuse s. (reviling words) skur-pa 23; vb.a. (to revile) skur O debs-pa (byed-pa\ smra- ba) ; dma O bab-pa ; smad-pa. Abyss btson-don; yyan-sa. Academy ytsug-lag-Kdn. Accept bzed-pa, bzes-pa; len-pa. Acceptable, to be O fad-pa. Access af/ro-sa; v. also yton-ba 208 and mjal-ba 173. Accident rkyen ; unfortunate - ^gal-rkyen ; fatal bar- cad', byur, byus. Accompany skyel-ba; zla-bo byed-pa. Accomplish v. gitib-pa; corn-pa; spyod- pa\ rtsom-pa. Accomplisned pul-tu byuh-ba 344. Accomplishment rtsal; yon-tan 516. Accord, Accordance O cam-pa. According to *nan-tar^ W. C.\ dan sbyar- nas; bzin-du. Account s. rtsis, lo-rgyus 113; ynas-tsul; on - of v. rkyen; ced-du; pyir; slad-du. Account vb. a. rtsis byed-pa ( O debs-pa, gyab-pd). Accountant rtsis-pa. Accumulate spuri-ba. Accurate zib-pa. Accusation, false snyad. Accuse O gel-ba; rgol-ba. Accustomed yoms-pa; O dris-pa; to be - O dris-pa. Ache vb. n. na-ba. Acid, Acidity skyur-ba. Acknowl edge tfas len-pa; frq. only snifa- ba, zer-ba etc. Aconite bon-na. Acquaintance (friend) no-ses. Acquainted, to be - bses-pa. Acquiesce Ko-fag ycod-pa; mi rgol-ba; dan-du len-pa. Acquitted, to be - rgyal-ba. Across pred, O pred. Act vb. byed-pa; spyod-pa; bgyid-pa; to -- the part of oyed-pa. Action spyod-pa; bya-ba; las; former actions snon-lds. Action (law-suit) 1,'rims, sags W. 51. Activity spyod-pa. 612 Actual Ancestor Actual nes-pa-can; no-rtog; ydn-dag-pa. Actually yzi-nas. Acute rno-ba. Adage Ka-dpe. Add snon-pa; sre-ba; rjes-su ^jug-pa; v. O god-pa. Addict, to one's self sten-pa. Adduce v, mf son-pa and dpe. Adequate ^rig-pa ; mfun-pa. Adhere Jbyor-ba, O byar-ba; ynas-pa. Adherent pyogs-pa; Q dzin-pa. Adieu v. pyi-pyag 347. Adibuddha kun-yzi 4. Adjust sbyor-ba; sgrig-pa; O yod-pa. Admit yton-ba; Fas len-pa. Admonish skul-ba. Admonition bskul-ba, bskul-ma; bslab-bya. Adolescent s. Jcyeu. Adore mos-pa. Adorn v. ^god-pa; sgron-pa; brgyan-pa; spra-ba. Adult s. ce-mi, nar son-pa 298. Adulterate slad-pa. Adulterer sar-po, adulteress sar-mo. Adultery, to commit v. jug-pa 177, byi byed-pa; yyem byed-pa. Advantage don ; bogs ; Jfyer-so ; rgyal-Ka, Ka-rgydl. Adversary pa-rol-po. Advice bka-yddms; Ka-bsgos; Ka-ta, Ka- yddms', gros\ ydams-pa; Q dun-ma\ man- nag; to ask bgro-ba. Advise y dam-pa, O dom-pa. Adviser bka-ydams-pa. Affair don, Affect bcos-pa 147. Affection cags-pa; byams-pa, byams-sems; brtse-ba. Affectionate brtse-ba-can. Affix sbyor-ba. Affliction sdug-pa\ mya-ndn; fser-ka W. Afore-said ma-ma. Afraid, to be skrdg-pa, dnaii-ba; ojigs- pa; bag fsa-ba; bred-pa. After adv. rgyab-tu; pyi 349; *.og; slad-na. After prep.^es, ^og; slad', rtin\ mfar; nas. After-birth sa-ma. Afterwards rjes-la, rjes-su\ rtin-du; de- nas\ pyin-cdd', pyis; pyi-bzin; slad-nas; star. Again ced-du', pyir\ slar\ yan; and Age na-fsod, na-so; dus. Aged r gad-pa; to be rga-ba. Agent oyed\-pa)-p6 } byed-mttan', fsab-po, resp. sku-fsab. Agressor sna-rgol. Agility byag-pa. Agio non-ka; par; O dza. Agitate dki*ug-pa; skyod-pa; skyom-pa; sgul-ba; to be agitated O gul-ba; O fcrug-pa. Agitation fcrag - O fcrugs. Ago snun-la; long sna-mo-nas. Agony ysin- pras; kon- Q Krugs; sems tfoti- du O fsud-pa. Agree ^rig-pa; O cam-pa; stun-pa; mfun- pa. Agreeable dga-ba ; yid-du ^on-ba. Agreement Ka-cdd, resp. zal-cdd; gan- rgyd; cad, cad-so; Q cam-pa; bzan. Agriculture so-ndm(s}. Ague fsad-pai ndd; fsan-zug W. Aims. O gro-sa 102; O ben. A i m vb. zir-ba ; \. ytod-pa no. 3. Air (atmospheric air) nd-ra; nad; rho't: cold nad. Air (tune) mgur, glu, dbyans. Air (mien) no, yclon. Alabaster Ka-ma-ru\ fod-le-kor. Alas kye-ma. Alienism Q gron. Alight Jbab-pa, resp. ysol-ba. Alive yson-po. All kun; v. gan; fams-cdd; mfd-dag, fsad; yons; right! fsan-^rig; seeing kun- yzigs; uniting kun- dus; not at - tsam yan mi (ma) ; ye mi (ma). Allegory O dra-dpe. Allow ynan-ba; to be ed cog-pa, mit-ba. Almanac lo-fo. Almighty kun-dban. Almond ba-ddm. Alms Idom-bu; slon-mo; bsod-snyoms. Alone ycig, ycig-ycig, ycig-pu, yci,g-po. Along with zor-la. Alphabet ka-pren, ka-Kd; ka-li 2. Alpine pastures neu-ysin; ne-fan C. Also yan 505. Altar mcod-stegs, mcod-Kri. Alter sgyur-ba; spo-ba. Alteration ^yur-ba. Although yan 505. Altogether kun, yons-su. Alum k'a-ru-fsa; Ice-myaii-fsd. Always rgyun-du; rtag-tu; nam-yan. Amalgam gyim-bdg. Ambassador po-nya. Amber spos-sel. Ambitious grogs -pa-la cogs -pa; mfon- dod-can. Ambush v. (lkog-} )ab. Amendment zu-ddg, zus-ddg. Among nan, nan-na 301; las 546- Amusement yyen-rtsed. Analogy v. dpe. Anasarca pags-cu. Anatomy lus-kyi ynas-lugs. Ancestor pa-mes, mes-po; brgyud. Ancient Assiduous 613 Ancient sria-ba; ly sna-sor; snon-dus. And dan 248; v. also tin 140. Angel po-nya 345. Anger fcro-ba; Kon-l ; ro; Jcon-pa; sro, resp. fugs-sro W.; ze-sdan. Angle yrira 75; gru. Angry Kro-ba, Kro-bo, tiro-mo; to be Kro- ba; sdan-ba. Angular zul-ma. Animal s. dud- gro; srog-cdgs. Animated being srog-cdgs; sems-can. Animosity Jean. Annals lo-rgyus; of the kings rgyal-rdbs. Annihilate med-par byed-pa; to be anni- hilated med-par O gyur-ba. Annotation mcan-bu. Announce Ion sgyur-ba; sbron-pa; prin smra-ba; ses-par byed-pa. Annoy Jcan-ba; snog-pa; sun jug-pa. Annually lo-ltar, lo danlo. Anoint skud-pa; bsgo-ba; Jbyug-pa. Another bdag-mtd; yzan-ma. Answer vb. Ian O debs-pa. Ant gre-mog-Jbu; grog-ma. Antagonist O fab-ya; pa-rol-pa (or po). Antelope dgo-ba; the Tibetan ytsod, btsod, ytso. Antidote ynyen-po. Antipathy zen-log. Antiquity sna-dus, sna-ba', snon-fse, s/.on- dus, snon-rabs. Anus rkub', yzari, yzan-Ka\ bsan-ldm. Anxiety *tfog-fug*; col. nyams-na. Anxious (sems) Kou-du cud -pa; v. also bag-fsa. Any v. gan 65; one gan zig; thing ci zig, ci-yan; whatever can. Apathy btan-snyoms; byar-med. Aperture sgo\ bu-ga. Apostle mi-snd. Apothecary's shop sman-Kan. Apparition snan-ba; zal-yzigs. Appear O car-ba\ ston-pa; snan-ba; O byun- ba; yod-par Q gyur-ba. Appearance Kyer-so, ca-bydd, ca-luys; cas; snan-fsul. Appease zi-bar byed-pa. Appendix fca-skon. Appertain ytogs-pa. Appetite /cam; daii-ga. Apple ku-su; sli; of the eye spyan-Jbras. Application Jbad-pa; brtson-^i^us. Apply bkan-pa; to one's self brtson-pa. Appoint skul-ba; sko-ba; O gcl-ba; O col-ba; Jug-pa. Apprehend ycags-pa\ dogs-pa. Apprentice mcan-bu. Ap proach vb. lead-pa; nye-ba; bsnyen-pa. Approach s. O gro-sa. Approve bed*pQ- Appurtenance ryyu-cd: s skor. Apricot Kam-bu] cu-li, co-li; dried cii- li C., pa-tin W.; mna-ris Kam-bu C. Apron dun-Kebs, pan-Kcbs. Aqueduct yur-ba. Arch yzu, yzu^mo. Archer O p'on-mfcan; y O pon. Architect rtsig-dpon. Archives yig-fsdn. A rea \.dkyil-Jfar; tfyon,raya-Icy6n; cu-zen. Argali ynyan. Argue bgro-ba, rtsod-pa. Argument mnon-rtdgs; rtags. Arise skye-ba; /cor-ba; Krun-ba; cags-pa; Idan-ba. Arm lag(-pa), resp. pyag. Armful lag-kod; v. also pan. Armour go-tfrdb; go-ca. Armpit mcan-Kun. Arms mfson, mfson-ca, O fab-grabs. Army dpun; dmag; dmag-dft ///'/. Aroma nad. Aromatic nod-can. Arrange sgng-pa; Jog-pa; y tan-la O bebs- 2>a205. Arrangement grabs; rgyu; ynas-lugs. Arrive sleb-pa; O byon-pa; Jbyor-ba. Arrogance ria-'t'gyal; po-so. Arrow mda. Arsenal go-Udn. Arsenic ba-bla. Art sgyu-^rtsdl; bzo. Artery rtsa-dkdr; rlu/'t-rts<i. Artifice sgyu. Artificial bcos-pa. Artist bzo-pa. As (like) Itar; bzin-du; (when) v. tin 140; na 299; pas 323; as as tsam 430; far tsam-du, bar-du, fug, fsuy-pa; much ga-tsdm; soon ma-Kdd,ma-fag-tu. Ascend O dzeg-pa. Ascending node sgra-ycdn. Ascetic s.sgom-pOjSgom-mlcan; sdom-erun, Ashamed, to teel skyeii-ba; Krel-ba; O dzem-pa. Ash-coloured gro-mo. Ashes gog-fdl; fal-ba. Aside zur-du; logs-su, logs-la. Ask O dri-ba, ysol-ba, zu-ba ; yser-ba ; slon- ba ; 'if one asks so' v. ce-na 142. Asleep, to fall ynyid-du O gro-ba. Aspire snyeg-pa. Ass bon-bu, bon-bo; wild rkya/i. Assailant sna-rgol. Assassinate v. Jab-pa 174. Assemblage Krod-pa; fsogs. Assemble vb. n. O du-ba; O fsogs-pa; Ihags- pa; vb. a. sdud-pa; sog-pa. Assert dam O ca-oa; bzed-pu. Assiduous brteon-pa-c<u/. 614 Assist Bark Assist zla-bo or grogs byed-pa. Assistance skyabs ; skyobs ; ra-mda. Assistant grogs; ya-do W.; ra-mda-pa. Associate s. grogs; zla-bo; ya-do W.; rogs. Associate vb. Q fsogs-pa; to be d O groys- pa. Assume O can-ba. Assurance yden; blo-ytdd, blo-yden. Asterism skar-ma. Asthma dbugs rdzan-ba. Astonished, to be ha-las-pa. Astonishment no-mfsdr; ya-mfsan. Astray, to go Kyar-ba; v. also sub yan-pa 506. Astride, to put skyon-pa. Astringent bska-ba. Astrology skar-dpydd, skar-rtsis. Astronomy skar-rtsis 439- Asunder so-sw 578; to tear O dral-ba. At Kar; mdun-du; na 298; rtsar 437. Athlete gyad. Atmosphere rlun-gyi dkyil- Kor 11. Atom rdul. Atonement sdig-bsdgs. Attach O dogs-pa; sdom-pa, rtod-pa. Attached zug-pa C. 466; to be cags-pa; zen-pa. Attachment O fcri-ba; cogs-pa; zen- dzin. Attack rub-pa. Attain sgrub-pa; fob-pa; myed-pa\ v also pyin-pa. Attend vb. n. skyon-ba; vb. a. zla-bo byed- pa; nya-ra byed-pa. Attendant Jwr, Icor-m/can; Jtor-yyog, Attention ynyer-Jca; zon. Attentive ycah-po. Attitude starts; spyod-lam; rnam- Q gyur, fsul, sdod-fsul. Attribute s.i/^o^-pagramm.; rtags;mfsan, mfsan-nyid. Auction ni-lam. Auditory (in a monastery) kun-dga-ra- ba 4. Augment vb. n. rgyas-pa; Q pel-ba; vb. a. spel-ba. Aunt ne-ne-mo; 'a-ne; sru. Auspice ca; rten-Jbri'l. Authentic nes-pa Author byed-mkan; zal-ydams bris-mKan 473. Authority cab; mfu. Authorize dban skur-ba. Autumn ston, ston-ka. Avalanche ka-rud. Avarice ser-sna; ham-pa. Aversion skyo-sas; Jcrel; to feel an - skyo- ba. Avert zlog-pa; y cod-pa. Avoid y cod-pa; spoil- ba; O dzem-pa. Await sgug-pa. Away par 341; yas 508. Awkward rtsal-med; mi ses-pa. Awn gra-ma. Awry k-yom-Kyom; ca-a'(s; yo-ba. Axe sta-re; ste-po. Axiom yzi-ma. Axle-tree srog-sin. Ay B Babbling s. col-cuii. Baby pru-gu cun-riu. Back s. rgyab; Itag-pa; the small of the Back adv. rgyab-tu; pyir. Background mfil. Bacon sbo-fsil. Bad nan-pa ; fu-ba; gyi-na; btsoy-po W. Badger grum-pa. Bag sgyiu, sgyig-gu; sgye-mo; pad; leather rkyal-pa; small rkyal-bu. Bail (person) dge-rgdn; lag -mi. Bakehouse bkad-sa. Baker yyos-mfcan. Balance (pair of scales) tu-lu; bat-ti; sran. Balcony rab-ysdl. Bald fer. Ball go-la; bo-lo; musket rdeu 6'., rin-di W.; cannon fu-lum. B a 1 1 i s t a sr/yogs . Balustrade lag-yzuiis. Banana skyes-sdoii . Band (gang) Kyu, tfyu-bo. Bandage ras-fdg; leb-ma, leb-fdgs. Bandeleer ga-sa. Bandy-legged rkan-kydy. Banish spyug-pa. Bank (shore) J^ris; O gram; nogs; diw; - of a river cu-Ka, cu-^/raw, cu-ntfa. Banker bun-bddg. Banquet s. mgron. Baptism tfrus 51. Baptize fcrus ysol-ba. Barbarian kla-klo. Barbarous Jcob. Barber Jbreg-mKan. Barberry skyer-pa W. Bare rjen-pa; - footed rka>i-r)<'n. Bark s.pags-pa; sun-pa; of a species of willow sgro-ba; - of the birch-tree gro-ga. Bark Bice 615 Bark vb. n. zug-pa. Barley nas; so-ba; boiled glum; corn nas. Barm pabs; sban-cu. Barter vb. rje-ba; sdeb-pa. Base s. y:i; rman. Bashful no-bab-pa\ dzem-bag-can. Bashfulness Krel. Basin ka-to-ra; zi-lin-pan-tse. Basis O gram-yzi; ma-yzi. Basket pe-ra; tse-po; y zed-ma', a small of reed bag-tse. Bat (animal) pa-icdn. Bath /cms. Bathe O tfru-ba, Jcrud-pa. Battle yyul, O fab-mo. Bawling adj. ca-co-can. Bay (gulf) Kug; cu-kug; mfso-ldg. Bay-coloured smug-po. Bayonet san-gin W, Bazar krom. Be yin-pa, resp. lags-pa; yod-pa; O dug-pa; mcis-pa; mna-ba ; ynas-pa; there is, there are O dug; mcis. Beadle (in a monastery) dge-bskos; dge- yyog. Beam (timber) ydun-ma; of light yzer; ^od-yzer. Bear vb. a. (to bring forth) btsa-ba; skyed- pa; (to carry) Jcur-ba, Jcyer-ba; teg-pa, Jogs-pa; (to suffer) yzod-pa, fub-pa. Bear s , brown - dom; yellow dredv&i; the Great Bear smin-bdun. Beard rgya-bo; sma-ra; 'ag-fsom\ of corn gra-ma. Beast dud- < ffro\ of burden Kal-ma; - of prey ycan-zdn. Beat rgyab-pa\ rdun-ba; rdegs-pa; O pam- par byed-pa- to the drum skrog-pa; to - the gong, the cymbal v. Jcrol-ba\ to be beaten O pam-pa. Beautiful mdzes-pa\ bzan-ba; legs-pa; sdug-pa\ dya-ba; bde-ba; appearance or colour bkrag; mdans; form mam- Because v. kyi 6; pas 323. Beckon lag-brdd byed-pa. Become skye-ba; O gyur-ba; ca-ba W. Becoming (comely), to be ^os-pa. Bed mcis-mdl; nyal-Kri. Bed (garden) fsas-kan. Bedding mal-gos, mal-cd; yzim-cd. Bedfellow mal-grogs, resp. yzim-grogs. Bedstead mal-tcri; mcis-mdl. Bee bun-ba; sbran-ma. Beer can\ carousal cai>-sa; house can- Kan. Beetle sbur-pa. Befool mgo skw-ba. Before adv. sria-ma, sna-gon 135; sway, sftun 136; s/kw, stlon-t/// 1:17 : (Ji-n/i-du 263; mdun-du 273. Beforehand v. s/to; taan, .s//^// 1 : to be sna-ba. Beg zu-ba; ysol-ba. Beget bso-ba ; skyed-pa. Beggar spran - po ; Idom -bu-ba; boy spran-prug. Begin vb. n. cas-pa; jug-pa; mgo O dzug- pa- to to exist skye-ba; vb.a. rtsom-pa; O dzugs-pa. Beginner las-dan-po-pa. Beginning s. mgo, mgo-ma; ^go-ma; si/o- mo; snon-ma; fog-ma; and end (head and tail) mgo-mjug. Begotten cad-pa; to be cays-pa. Behalf v. don no. 3, 259. Behave O grul-ba. Behaviour rnam-^yur ; spyod-pa. Behead ske y cod-pa. Behind adv. rtin; pa-rol-na 338; p>/i, }'.'/'<: prep, ^gab; v. rgyab 107. Behold interj. kye-ho 7. Being s. O gro-ba; lus-can, sems-can. Belch s. syreg-pa; vb.n. sgreg-pa O don-pa. Believe vb. n. dad-pa 249; vb. a. yid (fugs or bden) ces-pa. Bell dril; metal mKar-ba, Kar-ba; - wether Kyu-mcog. Bellows sbud-pa. Belly grod-pa; Ito-ba, ysus-pa. Belong ytogs-pa; miia-ba; belonging to- gether fe-m/can W. Beloved y ces-pa; mon-za-can. Below adv. ma 408; man-cdd, man -cod; prep, ^og 501. Bench gral. Bend vb.a. kuy-kug byed-pa\ skyil-ba; <t;/u- ba; gugs-pa; gum-pa; ^dud-pa; vb.n. mgo dgur-ba; dgye-ba. Benefit v. skyed 29; don no. 3, 259; pan- pa, pan-yon; for the of pyogs-su; don- du Benevolence pan-pai sems. Bent (crooked) Rons; K'yog-po; gug-ge-ba; dgu-ba. Benumbed v. sbnd-pa. Bereave O pral-ba; to be bereft Jbral-ba. Besides Ka-i-u, Kar; sten-du; mm, min-pa. Besiege skor-ba. Besprinkle cog- cdg byed-pa or O debs^pa. Best s. mcog 166; don no. 3, 259. Bestow sbyin-pa; ster-ba. Better, to get the of fub-j>\ r,/i/til-ba. Between bar-la, de-bar; yscb-na, yseb-la; from - bar-nas. Beverage sky ems; btun-ba 244. Beyond pa-rol-na; pan- cad. B ho tan O brug-pa. Bice, blue sno-shyd. 616 Bid Branch Bid sgo-ba; Jug-pa', O dom-pa. Bier Kyogs; dgu-Kri. Big cen-po; with child sems-can dan Idan-pct', with young sbrum-pa. Bigness Ko-ldg. Bile m/cris-pa. Billet of wood mgal-pa; sw-dum. Billow cu-ri, cu-rlabs; dba-klon. Bind O ci)i-ba; O dogs-pa; sdom-pa; Kyig-pa. Biped rkan-ynyis-pa. Birch- tree stag-pa. Bird by a', dab-cdgs', little mcil-pa. Birdcage bya-tfdn. Birdsnest bya-fsdh. Birth v. skye-ba28; high skye-bamfo-ba; low skye-ba dma-ba. Birthplace skye-ynds. Bishop do-dam-pa 257 . Bison (Indian) glan-to. Bit (small piece) /cam, Kam-fsdd\ cag-dum; brul. Bit (of a bridle) srab-lcdgs. Bitch tfyi-mo. Bite vb. rmug-pa; O ca-ba. Bitter Ka, Ka-po, Ka-ba 36. Bittern cu-skyar. Bitumen brag-zun. Black adj. nag-po. Black s. (centre of a target) rtags. Blacksmith Icags-mgdr. Bladder (urinary) Igan-pa. Blade (of grass) jag-ma; sog-ma. Blade (of a sword) Ice. Blame vb. a. spyo-ba; smad-pa, smod-pa. Blame s. klan-ka. Blank adj. ston-pa. Blanket grum-tse', tsa-dat", ca-ra 152; sa- pos Ld. Blasphemy skur-pa. Blast vb. y cog-pa. Blaze s. mdons. B leat Q ba-ba. Bleed ytar-ba, rtsa y cod-pa. Bless sno-ba. Blessed skal-lddn', bde- gro; )y art-can. Blessing s. byin, byin-rlubs ; bkra-sis ; bsno- 6a; pan-y6n\ yyan\ rgyan 107- Blind mdons-pa; zar-ba, mig-zdr\ lon-ba. B lister s. (pustule ) cu - sgai> ; cu - bur-, (plaster) Jibs-sman. Blister vb. )ibs-pa\ jibs-sman Jug-pa. Blood Krag ; - y /crag-can. Blooming bkra-ba. Blossom vb. Jbar-ba. Blot out O pyid-pa', sel-ba. Blow vb. O bud-pa. Blow s. Icag. Blue snon-po, srio-bo; deep siio-nag] pale sno-skyd; sno-sans] sky mfin. Bluff s. gad-pa. Blunt rtul-po\ vb. also Ka IV. no. 5- Blushing (the act of) rio-fsa. Board s. span-leb; sin-leb\ giegs; sgo-rndm\ of a door sgo-glegs^ of a ship zur. Boast vb. rlom-pa. Boasting s. /ca-fso, Ka-po; yus. Boat gi'u. Boatman gru-pa; ko-mk'an; mnyan-pa. Bodily dnos-su', m/ion-sum-du; zal-dnos. Body lus; yzugs\ sku; linen gos-ldg. Boil s. (ulcer) cu-bur\ sa-bur W. Boil vb. a. skol-ba', to down sgor-ba\ vb. n. Jtol-ba; to . over lud-pa. Boiling adj. /col-pa, /col-ma. Boldness no-mig\ rtul-pod-pa. Bolster swas; ydan. Bolt s. bur\ v. also yya and si-ri. Bolt vb. a. yya rgyab-pa\ si-ri cug-ce W. Bond O dzin; zin-bris. Bonds bcin-ba, bcins-pa; O cin-ba. Bone yduh\ rus-pa\ s of fish gra-tna. Book dpe\ gleys-bdm', po-ti. Books (literature) cos; book-language cos- skad. Bookstand dpe-Kn. Boot lham; leather half- boot krad-pa 8. Border s. gru\ mfa-ma; sna; mu\ mfsams. Bore vb. rtol-ba; Jbigs-pa. Born cad-pa\ to be skye-ba', btsa-ba\ J?ruh-ba, kruns-pa; ltams-pa. Borough gron-fso. Borrow skyi-ba; bmyan-pa; yyar-ba. Bosom snam-brdg', pan-kebs. Botch vb. glan-pa. Both ynyis. Bottle bum-pa. Bottom ytin\ mfil; zabs. Bough yal-ga. Bound vb. n. O par-ba. Boundary mfsams, sa-mfsams. Bow vb. Jlud-pa\ *skycd kug taii-ce* 16 W. Bow s. (compliment) py<j. Bows, (for shooting) yzu. Bowels rgyu-ma ; nan-Jcrol. Bowl s. ko-re W.; kori-po; pa-tra\ por-pa; yzon-pa; beggar's lhun-bzed\ of a tobacco-pipe gan-mgo. Box s. (chest) sgam\ sgrom', gau; pa-ri\ on the ear O g)'am-lcag. Boy byis-pa\ infant Kyeu. Bracelet ydu-bu ; lag-) dub . Brag sgeg-pa. Brahma fsans-pa. Brahmin bram-ze. Braid vb. y cud-pa. Brain klad-pa] glad', mgo-kldd. Bramble fser-ma. Bran fsag-ro. Branch (bough) yal-ga', gel-pa; v. also Icug-pa 149. Brandish By 617 Brandish dbyug-pa. Brandy 'a-rdg. Brass ra-gan; can Brave adj. dts-pa; dpa(-ba~); spa-ba. Brawls v. klan-ka 8- Bread bag-leb C.; ta-gir W. Breadth Ica-zen;zen, y:en. Break vb. a. ycog-pa; to one's promise ^al-ba; v. O cal-ba; v. ^jig-pa; vb.n. O gas- pa; O cag-pa; to forth rdol-ba; to - out O cor-ba; lan-ba. Breakfast s. gro', dro C.; f sal-ma W. Breakfast vb. f sal-ma za-ba. Breast nu-ma; bran, resp. sku-brdn. Breath rnam-pa; dbugs; rlans-pa; to be out of dhan-ba. Breathe rnam-pa. Breeze rlun. Bribe s. pag-sug. Brick pag, pag-bu ; so-pag. Bricklayer rtsig-bzo-pa Bride bag-ma* 's maid bag-grogs-mo. Bridegroom bag-po, mag-pa col. Bridge zam-pa. Bridle s. srab. Brier fser-ma. Bright bkrag-can; Krol-Krol; yzi-brjid-can; ^od-can; ysal-ba. Brightness bkrag; dnom-pa; mdans; O fser-ba; zil" yzi; yzi-br)id\ jd. Brilliant zil-can. Brim gru. Bring skyel-ba', O fcyei'-ba-, Kyog-pa; Jtyoh- ba\ Kyol-ba\ to along with Krid-pa', to on skyed-pa; to round skul-ba\ to together sprod-pa ; to up ysos skyed- pa. Brisk kram-pa. Bristle s. Kab-spu. Bristly rtsub-po. Brittle Jcrol-mo. Broad pal-can', zen-can. Broken dkrum-pa; cog -pa, cag-po\ country lean-Icon. Bronze v. Uro 52; m/car-ba, Jcar-ba. Brook s. grog-cu\ cu; bab-cu; cu-pran. Broom pyag-ma; ^l-mo. Broth sa-fcu. Brother spun, resp. meed', father's feu- bo; mother's zan-po, 'a-zan W. ; a sister's miii-po; elder jo-bo, col. 'a- }6; resp./cew; younger nu-bo;ycun-po', no W.; religious cos-spun; brother in law skud-po. Bruise vb. grug-pa. Brush s.pir;zed. Brute byol-son. Bubble s. cu-bur; Ibu-ba, dbu-ba. Bubbling kol-pa. Bucket cu-bzom. Buckle s. cab-ma. Buckler pa-li; pub. Buckwheat bra-bo. Bud s sbal-mig; leaf - Kyi-gu. Bud vb. skye-ba. Buddha sans-ryyas; rgyal-ba; rgyal-ba gon-ma. Buddhist nan-pa. Buffalo ma-he. Bug co-re; (lha) O dre-sig. Build rtsig-pa ; cos-pa ; O god-pa. Building s. bkod-pa. Bulk bon; Ihun. Bull glan-fug-, ba-glan. Bullet go-la; fsi-gu; mould ka-lib. Bullock glan; spo-to C. Bun lhas(-md); Ihas-dog; zim-zag W. Bunch cam-pod; cog-pa; cag-bu, cag-mo; cun-po; fsom-pa; yzab-ma. Bundle cun-po; pon-po; lag-kod. Bung Ka- dig. Burden s. Kal; Kur, tfur-po; Kres-po; ^an (-po). Burn vb. a. O fsig-pa; sreg-pa; vb.n. O bar- ba. Burning-glass me-sel. Burst vb. a. ycog-pa; vb.n. ^as-pa; O for- ba; rdol-ba. Bury skun-ba. Bushel Hal-bo. Business las; don; Kag; gati-po; spros-pa; *del-wa* 382 W. Busy, to be brel-ba. But adv. (only) tsam; v. man 411; conj. v. kyi; ^pn-kyan; ^o-nd. Butcher san-pa; sa-fsott-pa. Butler ysol-dpon. Butter mar; fresh skya-mdr. Butterfly pye-ma-leb. Buttermilk da-ra; dar-ba. Buttock rkub ; O poti-fsos. B utton s. sgrog-gu, sgrog-ril; tob-ci, fob-cu. Buy nyo-ba. Buzz vb. Krof/-pa. Buzzing s. ^ur. By kyi; v. sub rkyen; sgo-nas; pas; pyir; close druh-du. 39* 618 Cabbage Ceremony Cabbage kram; Chinese white pe-tse, pi-tsi. Cairn fo-yor; dur-pun. Calamity bkra-mi-sis; rkyen; ^gal-rkyen. Calamus cu-fdg. Calculate rtsi-ba; rtsis byed-pa; bgran-ba. Calculation rtsis. Calendar lo-fo. Calf be-to, be-do; beu; of the leg sgyid- pa; byin-pa. Call vb.a. skad-pa; skul-ba; Jlug-pa; Q yugs- pa; sgrog-pa; O bod-pa; v. also byed-pa I, 2 and min O dogs-pa 280;so-called zes byas- pa; vb. n. to to a person ke tan-wa C\; skad gyab-ce W. ; sgrog-pa ; brgyan-ba. Calm adj. gya-ma-gyu; v. dal-ba. Calm vb. a. zi-bar byed-pa. Calumny pra-ma. Camel rna-bdn; male rna-yseb, female rna-mo. Camp sgar. Camphor ga-pur. Can s. rkyan, cab-rkydn 155. Cancer (disease) lhog-pa\ (constellation) kar-ka-ta. Candle rkyon-tse. Candy Kan-da. Cane spa, sba\ smyi-gu, smyug-ma; ^od- ma. Canine tooth mce-ba, mce-so. Cannon gyogs, sgyogs; O dzam-bur; ball fu-lum. Canopy ydugs. Caoutchouc gyig. Cap fod-Kebs. * Caper vb. n. dkyu-ba. Capital adj. kyad-par-can. Capital s. (stock in trade) v. ma I, 2; fog III.; (chief city) mfil; rgyal-sa W. Captain ^o-pa\ brgya-dpon. Captivate O dzin-pa. Captive s. bison. Caravansary tsugs-kan. Caraway 1 .C&rumgo-snyod. 2.Cumin2i-va. Carcass ro, fen-ro; yzugs. Card yi-ge. Cardamom sug-rmel] li-si W. Cardinal points pyogs 352. Care s. nya-ra; ynyer-Ka; to take *ka- dar co-ce*; to take of skyon-ba; *cag- pajhe-pa* C.\ ynyer-ba; to use yzabs- pa. Careless bag-med. Car ess vb.a. mfun-par byed-pa; yag-po; jag-po byed-pa. ^ Carpenter sin-mKan. Carpet stan. Carriage (conveyance) bcibs-pa; bzon-pa\ teg-pa. Carrion Jorums. Carrot gun-dmar-la-pug; lca-ba; se-ray- dur-sman W. Carry Kur-ba; Jcyer-ba, O kyog-pa\ O k'yol- ba\ skya-ba\ skyed-pa; to away skyel- ba\ bda-ba; to be able to feg-pa 235. Cart sin-rta. Carter sin-rta-pa. Cartilage cag-krum. Carve jog-pa; Jbru-ba, bm-ba. Case (incident) rkyen; skabs; in yal-te 68; na 299? (sheath) subs; (grammar) mam-dbye 314- Cash mags 313. Cashmere tfa-cul, fca-ce. Cask zem. Cast vb. a. skyur-ba; rgyag-pa; O dcbs-pa; O pen-pa; to away O dor-ba; to down O bebs-pa; Jbor-ba; to (metals) Idugs-pa. Casting-mould lug-koti. Castle mJcar; po-bran\ rdzoiis. Castrate rlig-pa Jbyin-pa, Cat byi-la; bi-la, bi-li, pi-si W. zim-bu, zum-bu C. Catapult sgyogs 119. Cataract ri-yzar-cu. Catarrh cam-pa; bro- fsdl. Catch O dzin-pa. Catgut rgyus-skud. Ca.t\.\cpyugs; breeding rkan-^grds; horn- less mgo-ril W. Caul (anatomy) rgyu-sgrog. Cause s. rkyen; rgyu; rgyu-mfsan; origin- al = yzi-ma. Cause vb. a. v. gugs-pa; ^tig-pa; yton-ba; Causeway so-log. Caution s. ynyer-Jca. Cautious v. ka-ddr; gya-ma-gyu; to be *ka-dar co-ce* ; ^gab-pa. Cave, Cavern pug-pa. Cavity Kun; sbugs. Cease ^gag-pa; O cad-pa; zi-ba. Ceiling fog, ya-fog. Celebrated gzi-brjid-can. Cell gnca; *da-sdg* 75. Cellar sa-fcdn. Cemetery dur-Krod. Censer pog-p&r, spos-por. Censor (of a monastery) dge-bskos 85- Censure s. klan-ka. Centiped la-re W.; si-ri-Jbu W. Centre Ite-ba; mfil; dbus. Cerebellum klad-cun. Ceremony co-ga; sku-rim. Certain Clasp 619 Certain nes-^>a; gor-ma-cdg; no-rtog; a one ycig-cig. Certainly ydon-mi-za-bar. ( j e r t a i n t y ties-pa ; faff- cod. Ceylon lan-ka. Chaff spun-pa, sbun-pa; sbur-ma. Chain s. Ic ays -fdg; nyag-fdy. Chair fcri; rgya-Kri C. Chairman tfri-pa. Chalk fo-le dkar-po. Chamber nan,] Kan-mig. Champion gyad. Chance s. rgyu 110- Change s. ^gyur-ba; res. Change vb. a sgyur-ba; r)e-ba; spo-ba; rdzu-ba; to place O po-ba; vb. n. ^gyur- ba; O po-ba. Chant vb. dgyer-ba. Chap vb. ^gas-pa. Chapter leu. Character (disposition) rgyud; nan; tio- bo-nyid; fsul; rig-rgyud; *se-gy{t* C. 562. Characteristic s. rgyu-mfsdn in. Charge vb. sko-ba; rgol-ba; mtiag-pa; to with (to commission) O gel-ba'. Charge s. (commission) Hag. Charity snyin-rje. Charming dga-ba ; yid-du ^.on-ba. Chase vb. O cor-ba. Chase s. Kyi-ra. Chasm s. rgya-ser. Chastisement cad-pa; fuL Chastity Krel-yod ; fsans-par spyod-pa. Chat vb. juur }'ton-ba; lab yton-ba. Chattering s. co-lo. Cheap tfye-mo W.; rin cun-ba. Cheat vb. bio brid-pa; slu-ba; yyo-zol byed- pa; mao skor-ba. Cheek ^ram-pa; bone O gram-rus\ - tooth O gram-so. Cheer vb. glod-pa\ spro-ba skyed-pa; dga- bar byed-pa. Cheerful Kml-po; dga-mo; sems-bde, blo- bde. Cheese fud; ^o-fud. Chess-board mig-m an ; to play at chess mig-man rtse-ba. Chest (box) gau; sgam; sgrom\ (thorax) bran, resp. sku-brdn. Chew Idad-pa. Chicken bya-prug. Chief adj. dpon; ytso; justice krims- dpon. Chief s. O go-pa; dpon-po; ytso-bo; Kyu- mcog. Chiefly ytso-bor, ytso-cer. Child pru-gu; byis-pa; bu\ v. tfyeu. Children bu-p/'ug; of the same parents (brothers, sisters) Chill s. kyi-bun. Chin ko-ko; ma-lc. China rgya-ndg; rgya-yul; modern name: ma-ha-ci-na, ma-hd-cin; clay /cam-pa; ware kar-yol; dkar-ydl; resp. zal-kar C.; sol-kar W. Chinese s. rgya-nag-pa, rgya-bo; fern. rgya-nag-ma, rgya-mo; rgya-mi; plur. rgya-rnams. Chinese adj. rgyai, rgya-nag-gi, lan- guage rgya-skdd; paper rgya-s<'><j. Chink sgo-bdr. Chip fsal-pa; sin-fsal. Chirping s. ca-co. Chisel vb . bru-ba. Chit-chat s. ^ur. Choice adj. mtog-tubkrab; Kyad-par pags- aKyad-par-can. e dbugs sub-pa; *skye tsir tah-ce* W. ; ske bsdam-ste ysod-pa; to be choked i-nan- ba; ske bsdam-ste O ci-ba; O fsub-pa. Cholera Ron-log W.\ nya-log Sik. Choose vb. a. bkrab-pa; O byed-pa; O dzin- pa; vb. n. (to like) dgyes-pa. Chop vb. btsab-pa; to - off ycod-pa. Chopping-block sin-Stan. Chopsticks fur-ma. Chord rgyud in. Christ skyabs-mgon 26; ma-si-ka 410. Chronic adj. yun rin-bai; - disease ycoti- ndd. Chronicle lo-rgyus. Churn vb. dkrog-pa; zo dkrog-pa. Churn s. v. gur-gur 70. Chutney (Indian condiment) fsu-u 44!. Chyle dwans-ma 249. Cimeter gri-gug. Cinamon sin-fsa. Cipher s. m/ca; fig-le. Circle s. skor, Kor, Kor-lo\ dkyU-Jtor; sgor-mo, sgor-fig. Circular adj. kyir-kyir; gor-mo. Circumference dkyil- Kor; Kor; k'o-ra; Kyon; mu-Kyud. Circumstance rkyen; skabs. Citadel mfcar; rdzon. Citizen Kyim-bddg ; yul-pa ; yon-Mag. Citron gam-bu-ra W.; spyod-pad C. City groh-lcyer. Civilize O dul-ba. Claim s. fob-fsir, tob-srol. Clairvoyance mnon-ses 133. Clammy rtsi-ban. Clamour s. ku, ku-sgra, ku-co; skad-log; ca-bo. Clandestinely sbas-te W.; v. also Ikog-tu, ysan-ba. Clap vb., to the hands cag-cdg byecLpa. Clap s. (crash) sgunW.; IdimW.; hiir-*</r<t. Clasp vb. a. Kyud-pa; O k'nl-ba. Clasp s. cab-ma; knife Itab-grl. 620 Class Communication Class s. gral; ca-fsdn; bye-brag; dbye-ba; fsan, sde-fsdn. Classify rnam-par bzag-pa ; O byed-pa . Claw k'ron; sder(-mo); spar-ba. Clay ^im-pa; rdza', zal-ba; floor skyan- nul. Clean adj. dag-pa, ytsan-ba; lay-mo W.; food dkar-zds. Clean, Cleanse vb. a. pyi-bdar byed-pa ; san-ba; sel-ba; to be cleansed O byon-ba. Clear adj. mnon-pa; tur-re; wa-le; wa-le- ba ; lag-mo W. ; sins-po W. ; lhan-ne. Clear vb. a. O dag-pa; sel-ba. Cleave ^es-^pa; O ceg-pa\ to be cleft ^as-pa. Cleft s. rgya-ser; ral; si*ubs. Clerk yig-mUan. Clever ycan-po; sgrin-po; tabs-can ; spy an - po; a writer rtsom-par mKas-pa. Clew s. gru-gu. Climb O dzeg-pa; rgal-ba. Cling cags-pa; ca-bzag-pa. Clip ^rum-pa. Cloak s. ber. Clock cit-fsod; cu-fsod- Kor-lo. Close vb. a. ^egs-pa; v. also O dzum-pa. Close adj. gya-ma-gyu 73; fisted Kron- po; lag-dam-po; adv. ^jam-pa 174; over glad-la. Clot s. gon-po; of blood fcrag-gon. Cloth sag-lad; pntg ; fer-ma', dar; a piece of yug, bubs. Clothes gos, gos-ldg; bgo-ba; to change gos bvye-ba; to put on gos gon-pa\ to take off gos Jwd-spa; suit of go-lus- ca-fsan W. Clothes-brush byab-zed. Clothes-stand ydan, rdan. Clothing s. bgo-ba; ca-bydd, ca-lugs. Cloud s. sprtn; of dust bud. Clouded, to be Jcrig-pa. Cloudy, it has become Kor-son. Clove li-si C.\ bzan-drug W.; zer-bu W. Club (mace) ga-da. Clumsy sbom~pa\ zlum-pa. Cluster s. cag-mo. Clyster s. Kos; bsur-smyig; pipe ceu. Coachman sin-rta-pa. Coagulate Jcyags-pa. Coal sol-ba. Coarse rtsin-ba', rags-pa; grained rtsub- po. Coast #m. Coat s. gos; dug-po U; cu-pa Ts.; lap Kud; of mail Krab. Coat vb. a. O tum-pa. Cock s. bya-po, bya-po; f, : yim-bya; of a gun fo-cun; me-skdm. Cock vb. a. rdze-ba. Coetaneous na-mnydm, na-Ard. Coffee ka-ba 37, III. Coffer sgrom. Coffin dur-sydm, ro-sgdm. Cohabit Jbrel-ba; /crig-pa spyod-pa. Cohabitation sbyor-ba. Cohere Jbrel-ba. Coil vb. (of snakes) Jiri-ba. Coin s. don-tse. Coition, Coitus Jcrig-pa; cags-spyod; nyal-po. Colander f sag-ma. Cold adj. gran-ba; air na-i'a; nad; - wind nar-ba; lhags-pa; to feel /cyags- pa; v. kyi-bun; to get, to grow gran- ba, grans-pa. Cold s. ftyags~pa; gran-ba; nod; nar-ba; to have a - bro- fsal-ba ; a in the head cam-pa; bro- fsdl; ya-ma. Colic glan, glan-tdbs ; ryyu-yzer; fsa- Kru. Collar s. goh-ba, gos-kyi gon-ba; to seize by the gon-ba-nas fain-pa. Collect vb. a, sg-rug-pa, slon-pa; sdud^pa; sog-pa. Colonel ru-dpon. Colour s. tta; Ka-dog; mdog; fson; beauti- ful bkrag; prime ma-yzi; to lose dkyug-pa. Colt fur-bu; of an ass ku-rug, gu-rng. Comb s. so-wan. Comb vb. a. sad-pa, ysad-jpa, )'sod-pa. Combat s. O fab-mo; O tfrug-pa. Combat vb. O fab-mo ^yed-pa, O fab-pa; Jcrab-pa; rgol-ba. Come ^on-ba, resp Q byor-ba, O byon~pa ; peb- pa; eleg. mci-ba; come! sog: to again Idoy-pa, log-pa; to back pyir- gro-ba; to forth cags-pa; to out Jbyun-ba, O fon-pa; to to O fcyol-ba; ynas-su ^yur- ba; to together O dzom-pa; to -- up (of seeds) Jcmn-ba, rdol-ba. Comfort vb. a. glod-pa; mya-nan san-ba; spro-ba skyed-pa. Comforter skyo-grogs. Command vb. a. bka ynan-ba, ynan-ba; (an army) Jci*id-pa. Command s. zal-yddms. Commander dmag- go; dmag-dpon. Commandment bka, bka-Krims, bka-bsgos; Krims. Commence rtsom-pa; O dzuys-pa. Commend shag-pa; O col-ba. Comment vb. a. ^rel-ba, O grol-ba. Commerce fsorl. Commissary sku-fsdb. Commission vb.a. sko-ba; ^el-ba; mnag- pa. Commit skur-ba; O col-ba; (sin etc.) byed- pa. Common dkyus-ma; fun; pal -pa; pral; the people pal 341. Communication bka-ryya ; O brel, Jbrel-ba. Communion Consume 621 Communion O brel-ba] O grogs-lugs\ holy ysol-rds 592. Compact adj mtfrair, O cag-can. Companion grogs ; rogs\ skyo-grogs; zla- bo ; ya-do W. Company kyu; in fun-moh-du; O grogs-te. Comparative degree v. )e 172; las II, pas, san. Compare sdur-ba ; sgrun-pa ; sgre-ba. Comparison dpe 327. Compass (circumference) mu-ftyud ; points of the mfsams 455. Compasses, pair of, skor-tig. Compassion snyin-rje; snyin-brtse-ba. Compel v. nan-gyis 302; sed-kyer-nag-pos W. ; to be compelled dgos-pa. Competitor ? gran-zla. Compile sgrig-pa. Complaint zug, yzug 488, nad. Complete adj. grub-pa; rgyas- pa; pun-fsogs; rdzogs-pa; fsan- fsan-ba. Complete vb. a. syrub-pa\ fog ^gel-ba; to be completed Jcor-ba ; O fsar-ba. Completely ytan-du; ye-nas. Complex of fields kluns. Complicate adj. Krag-Kritg. Compliment s.^/a<7;compliments v. stod- fam- to be Compose O god-pa; rtsom-pa; to verses sdeb-pa; sbyor-ba. Comprehend go-ba; O dzin-pa\ yid-la byed-pa. Comprehension go-ba. Comprehensive Kyab-ce-ba. Comprise Kyab-pa; sdud-pa. Compulsion gal 68; nan 302. Computation rtsis. Compute rtsi-ba. Comrade grogs. Concave kon. Conceal sbed-pa; ysan-ba; sgon-ba; O cab- pa. Concealment pag. Conceited mcor-po. Conception dmigs-pa. Concerning (as regards) rfen-nas; dban- du byas-na 387. Concession ynan-ba. Concord mfun-pa. Condemn zal-ce ycod-pa; krims ycod-pa or yton-ba. Condescending ce-fabs-med-pa; tobe mfun-pa byed-pa. Condiment skyu-rum; sdor. Condition (state) ynas-skabs; ynas-fsul 311; yin-lugs 548. Conduct vb. a. skyel-ba; O lcrid-pa; O dren- pa. Conduct s. spyod-pa. Cone fsa-fsa. Confess O ceg-pa; mfol-ba', ysog-pa', yso- sbyon-ba 590. Confession (creed) cos-ryyud 164. Confide (yid) rton-pa 215; v. blo-yden 385. Confidence blo-ytdd, blo-yden. Confidential speaking snyin-ytam. Confine vb. dgar-ba. Conform vb. sbyor-ba. Confound dkrug-pa\ O dzol-ba. Confused, to be rtab-pa. C o n f u s i o n Jcral-Jci'ul. Congeal Kyags-pa. Conglomerate s. gad-pa. Congratulate bkra-sis mna ysol-ba. Conjuncture bsgan; dus. Conjure (implore) nan-gyis zu-ba. Conjure up ^gugs-pa. Conjurer O ba-po. Connect sbyor-ba ; sbrel-ba; zun sdebs-pa. Connected with bcas-pa\ to be Jbrel- ba. Connection Jbrel-pa, zun- brel; v. also rgyu-rky&n HO. Conquer bcom-pa\ ^oms-pa; rgyal-ba', O pam-par byed-pa 356; to be conquered O pam-pa. Conqueror rgyal-ba. Conscience gal-mfun ses-pa ; ses-bzin ; v. also byas-cos and ynon-ba. Conscientious krel-ban. Consciousness ses-pa; dran-pa; of guilt ynon-ba. Consecrate skur-ba; rab(-fu) ynas(-par) byed-pa 524. Consequence mjug\ O bras-bu\ in of dban-gis. Consider vb. a. gran-ba\ O dzin-pa; bsam- mno byed-pa; vb. n. sgom-pa; mno-ba. Consideration dran-pa 262. Consign skur-ba. Consist O dus-pa, bsdus-pa. Consistence ska-sldd. Consistency srab- fug. Console sems yso-ba; mya-nan-bsan-ba. Consort s. cun-ma; royal tiam-mo; btsun-mo. Conspicuous mnon-pa; ysal-po. Constable dge-yydg 86. Constellation skar-ma; yza-skdr. Constipation bsan-dgda. Constitute gel-ba; skoJ>a; jug^pa II, 2. Constraint gal. Construct bco-ba ; v. O ca-ba ; jtos-pa ; yton- ba; O god-pa; rtsig-pa. Construction (grammatical) (sig sgrig- pa. Consult bka-bgro-ba. Consultation gros-gUh; O dun-ma. Consume cud yzon-pa\ zin jug-pa', to be 622 Consumption Cream consumed ca-ba; cad-pa ; O fsar-ba ; Q dzad- pa; zin-pa. Consumption ycon. Contain v. son-ba; to be contained ^gro- ba; v. O dug-pa no. 2. Contamination grib. Contemplate sgom-pa. Contemplation sgom; fin-ne- dzin. Contempt rnan-cen; bmyas-pa; smad-pa. Contend (fight) Jcrug-pa; rtsod-pa; (to strive) O gran-pa. Content adj. cog ses-pa; fsim-pa; to be mgu-ba; to heart's yid bzin-du. Contention O gran-sems; O dzin-mo. Contentment snyin-fsim . Contest s. fob-sd. Continent glin. Continually rgyun-du; car, ca-re; ytan- du. Continuation O pro. Continue O pro-ba. Contract vb. a. skum-pa; vb. n. Jcor~ba. Contract s. gan-rgyd; cad-yig; O dzin,yig- O dzin. Contradiction, to be in - O gal-ba. Contrary s. bzlog, go-bzlog ; go-ldog, go-log. Contrivance grabs. Convent s. cos-sde; sde; dgon-pa. Convention Ka-cdd. Conversation glen-brjod. Converse vb. glen-ba\ glen-mo byed-pa', gros-byed bgro-ba. Convert vb. cos-su ^jug-pa. Convey skya-ba; skyed-pa\ skyd-ba\ J>ur- ba. Convoy s. skyel-ma. Cook vb. O fsod-pa. Cook s. gyos-mKan-, head - ysol-dpon, ma-cen. Cool gran-ba', bsil-ba. Cooly (carrier) /cur-pa; (workinan)^/a-pa. Coot skyegs. Copious rgy as-pa. Copper zans. Copulation O k fig-pa ; cogs -spyod. Copy vb. su-ba. Copy s. (transcript) bkod-pa\ bu-dpe- (pat- tern) ma, ma-dpe. Coral byi-ru. Cord s. rgyud', sgrogs; fa-gu', O pi'en-ba. Cordial s. bcud. Core Kog-sin. Coriander seed ^su. Cork ka-ycod, Ka- Q dig. Corn (grain) J>ru', boiled can; slightly roasted yos', stack of rags, pub-rags; hi-^ri; corn on a toe rkan-mdzub-dzer-pa. Corner Kug; gru; grwa', zur. Corporal bcu-dpon. Corpse ro, resp. spur. Correct adj. skyon-med; nw-med\ to be O gng-pa. Correct vb. sgyur-ba; zu-dag byed-pa. Correction zu-ddg, zus-ddy. Correspond (to be adequate) ^rig-pa. Correspondent (in business) t 'son-grogs. Corrupt vb. a. slad-pa. Corruptness kun-dkris . Costly gus-po, rin-can. Cottage fcan-bu; Ku-tu. Cotton ras-bal, srin-bal, sin-bal; cloth (ka-si-kai) ras. Couch s. fcri; nyal-Jcri; mat. Cough s. glo: Kogs\ bro- Q fsdl\ vb. Kogs-pa. Council gros, gros-glen; O dun-ma. Counsel s. gros\ bka-yddms; O dun-ma. Counselor bka-ysags. Count vb. bgran-ba\ O dren-pa: rtsi-ba; ys&r-ba; si kor-ce W. Countenance ydon; bzin; /lo: skye-sgo: sgo-lo. Counteract ^gal-ba. Counterfeit adj. rdzus-ma. Counterparty pa-rol Counting s. rtsis. Country yul, yul- K6r, yul-gru; sa-cd; rgyal-Mg; love of yul-sred; yul-hi ^dod-pa. Couple s. zun\ married bza-mi. Courage snyih-stobs, snyin-rus\ spobs-pa. Courageous ham-pa-can; dpa-ba, dpa- can. Courier rta-zam-pa. Course s. fsir. Court s. (residence of a prince) Kab; - of justice bka-ysags\ Krims-Kan. Courtyard Kyams; fsoms, fsoms-skor. Cove Kug. Covenant s. Ka-cdd. Cover \b. tfeb-pa; ^ebs-pa; klub-pa; O fum- pa. Cover, Covering s. Ka-Kebs, Ka-gab, //a- ycod, Ka-leb: Kebs, tfyebs, fcebs-ma; go-sog; turns; yyogs; subs; covering for the head mgo-yyogs. Cowry ^gron-bu. Crab sdig-srin. Crack vb. a. ycog-pa; vb. n. O gas-pa. Crack s. sguh. Craft (cunning) dku-lto. Crafty yo-ba. Cram sgrim-pa. Crane (bird) Krun-K-run. Crash s. sgun. Crave rnab-pa. Craw Ikog-sog. Crawfish sdig-srin. Crawl gog-pa ; O pye-ba . Cream spri-ma, spris-ma, sris-wa: ji-*/'/: zo-sri. Create Darken 623 Create ^god-pa. Creator ^god-pa-po; mdzad-po. Creature bkod-pa', ^gro-ba, lus-can. Credible ^os-pa. Creditor bun-bddg. Creed cos-rgyud, cos-lugs. Creek Kug } Hugs. Creep O pye-ba, gog-pa. Crescent s. zla-fses Ita-bui ri-mo or dbyibs. Crest (of fowl) cod-pan. Crevice yseti, sen. Cricket (insect) cog-cog-pa W. Crime nyes-pa; nons-pa. Cripple za-bo. Crippled Rons-Ran W.- Koii-ril C.; grum- pa. Criticise Jbigs-pa. Crocodile kum-bi-ra . Crooked kug; kum-pa, kon; kyog-po; kons; /yog-po; dgur; to be - dgye-ba. Crop vb. ytog-pa. Crop s. lo-tog. Cross s. brkyah-sin; sku-ru~ka. Cross vb. y cod-pa; rgal-ba. Crouch cum-pa. Croup, he has the Koi Ikog-ma skraiis son (his throat is swollen). Crow s. fca-ta; po-rog. Crow-bar gal-ta; Icags-ber. Crowd s. tirod-pa; Krom; yseb. Crowd vb. a. bcar-ba C 1 ., bcer-ba W. Crown s. cod-pan', of the head spyi-bo; Crown vb. a. cod-pan-gyis brgyan-pa; v. also fog ^gel-ba. Crucible kon-po W. ; zu-skyogs C. Cruel ynyan-pa\ drag-ml-can. Crumb cag-dum; brul\ bir-bir W. Crumble vb. a. gi*ug-pa\ vb. n. gog-pa. Crupper sgal-pa', rmed. Crush glem-pa\ rdzi-ba. Cry vb. n. ^rags-pa, ^grogs-pa. Cry s. na-ro; skad, skad-nan; ca-cd', for help ^o-dod. Crystal man-set, sel Cubit Kiii 51. Cuckoo Ku-byug\ kug-se W. Cucumber ka-'ka-rd/t Kun. Cultivate 6oc?-pa; cultivated land khiiis. Cunning s. dku-lto. Cup ko-re, kor; koii-po', tin\ p'or-pa; bearer ysol-dpon. Cupboard J-a. Cupning-glass me-biim, me-piiit. Curd 20, resp. ysol-zo. Cure vb. ycod-p^a', bcos-pa; O fso-ba; yso-ba. Curious (inquisitive) snob-zog-can. Curl s. (of hair) ral-pa. Curled tsa-ru W. Currant nyan-ka Sp.\ 'mb-soW.; (raisins) ba-so Ld., ba-so-ka C. Current s. rgyun; cu-rgyim. Current adj., to be - (of coins) O f>>-ul-ba, rgyug-pa. Curse s. nan; dmod-pa. Curse vb.a. nan O debs-pa ; dmod-pa O bor-ba. Curtain yol-ba. Curve s. gye-gu. Curve vb. a. kug-kug byed-wa; ^urn-pa', curved Hyog-po\ kyag-kyog\V.\ to be curv- ing dgye-b'a. Cushion snas; stan; O bol, snye- Q bol; sob- stdn. Custom (use) Krims; cos; sro/; (toll) so- gdm. Cut vb. a. ycod-pa', jog-pa\ dra-ba', (to mow) rna-ba\ to into pieces sgral-ba; Q fub-pa; v. O cad-pa; to off grum-pa- O breg-pa, O dreg-pa\ v. cod-pa; v. cad-pa; to open O ges-pa; to out v. ycar-ba 143; to up ytubs-pa; dmyal-ba. Cut s. Kram-ka; (blow) Icag; a short *gyog-ldm*. Cylinder Kor-lo 58; praying - cos-kyi Jior-lo. Cylindrical ril-ba; to be O gril-ba. Cymbal sbug-zdl; sbum-zol W.; sil-snydn. Cypress spa-ma Sik. Daily adv. nyin-re-bzin{-du); zag-dahzag. Dalai Lama ta-lai bla-ma. Dam s. cu-rays] cu-lon. Dam up vb. skyil-ba. Damage s. sky on; gud, gun; god; nyes-pa; ynod-pa; vb. a. ynod-pa. Damp adj. rlan-can. Dance vb. O cam-pa; bro-brdun-ba or Krab- pa; s. gar; bro. Dancer gar-mKan. Dandelion Kur-ma, k : ur-fsod. Dandy O pyor-dga. Danger nyen. Dangerous ma-nui-l pa-can; btsog-pa W. Daring adj. I'tul- pod-pa; spobs-pa-can; dpa-can, dpa-bo. Dark ^.sgnb-pa; mun-pa;smag; to grow O tibs-pa; O grib-pa. Darken vb. a. sgnb-pa; vb. n. Q gnb-pa. 624 Darkness Depository Darkness mun-pa; smag-rum. Darling, my! naiyid^on; cf.also pa. Darn tur-ba; snol-ba. Dart s. mda; vb. n. Jcyug-pa 60. Date s. (time) zag-grdns; (fruit) Ka-zur. Daub vb. skud-pa. Daughter bu-mo, bo-mo; sras-mo; in- law mna-ma. Dawn s. skya-6d, skya-rens; fo-rdns; vb. it dawns skya-rens sar. Day nyi-ma; nyin-mo; zag; and night nyin-mfsdn; by - zag dan zag; all the long nyin-fse-re; every zag-dan W. ; from - to zag-nas zag-tu; one ,some deu-re; the other de-zag 471 W.; this five days dgus. Day-break nam-lans; at nam-lans-te or nas. Dazzle vb. n. fom-par O gyur-ba. Dazzling /crol-po; Icam-me-ba. Dead adj. v. si-ba; a man ysin-po; ro. Deaf ^on-pa. Deal with vb. spyod-pa. Deal s., a good ga-cen. Dear ycig; yces-pa; dkon-pa; gus-po; rin- fan-can, rin-can- to hold yce-ba. Dearth zas-dkon C. Death O ci-ba\ forebodings of O ci-ltas; hour of O da-ga\ to seek Iceb-pa. Debate s. rtsod-pa; vb. bgro glen byed-pa. Debt bu-lon\ the is cleared bu-lon Kor. Debtor bu-lon-pa. Decapitate ske ycod-pa. Decay s. ^ig-pa. Decay vb. nyil-ba; O for-ba\ nvb-pa. Decayed Kogs-pa. Deceased ysin-po. Deceit mgo-skdr; no-lkog\ rdzub; zog, zol- zog. Deceitful Ice-ynyis-pa. Deceive mgo skor-ba\ mod-pa- bio Jbrid- pa, J>rid-pa\ slu-ba. Deceived Krul-pa. Decency Krel-yod. Decent ^gab-pa. Deception sgyu-zog. Decide y cod-pa; fag-y cod-pa. Decided zad\ \. dzad-pa; to be cad-pa. Declare bsad-pa. Declination (of the sun) v. bgrod-pa; north byan-bgrod, south Iho-bgrod. Decline (decay) vb. n. rgud-pa. Declivity gud\ n yzar-po, brag yzar-po. Decoction fan-gi sman. Decorate sgron-pa; brgyan-pa; spra-ba. Decoration rgyan. Decrease vb. ^gyur-ba\ O grih-pa\ O bri-ba. Decree s. bka-$og, bka-Krims*, fcra-ma. Decrepit Jcogs-pa. Dedicate sno-ba. Deed las; bya-ba. Deep adj. ytin-rin-ba; zab-pa; (of sounds) rom-po W. Deer ka-sa Sik Deface dma Jbebs-pa. Defeat vb. O pam-par byed-pa. Defect s. skyon. Defective skyon-can. Defence skyabs. Defend skyon-ba; skyob-pa. Defender (of religion) cos-skydn. Defer v. O gyan-ba. Deficient sgob-sgdb. Defile s. ron. Defile vb. bsgo-ba; O bag-pa. Defilement grib. Deform vb. mi sdug-par byed-pa. Degenerate adj. brgyud-med; rigs-nydms. Degree (rank) f em-pa, f em-rim; sa no. 2; go, go-pan; a high v. rlabs; by degrees tfad-kyis; mfar-gyis; rim-gyis, rim -pa bzin du Dejected zum-pa; mi dga-ba, v. dga-ba III; dman-pa. Delay s. bsol-ba. Delay vb., to be delayed O gyan-ba. Delegate vb. a. mnag-pa. Delegate s. fsab-po, resp. sku-fsdb. Deliberate vb. bka-bgro-ba, bgro-ba. Deliberation grabs, O dun-ma, O dun-gros. Delight s. dga-ba; dga-spro, dga-fsor, dga- rdns, dga-mgu; to take in dga-ba, resp. dgyes-pa or mnyes-pa ; spro-ba. Delighted dga-mo, dga-ba, dga-rans; to be dga-ba. Delightful dga-mo, dga-fsor ce-ba. Delineation bkod-pa; ris, ri-mo. Deliver (rescue) sgrol-ba; (transfer)sp/-od- pa; ytod-pa; skur-ba. Deliverance (liberation) grol-ba. Deliverer skyabs-mgon; srog-skyob W. Dell grog-po. Delude mgo skor-ba. Deluge s. cu-rud. Delusion snan-Jcrul. Delusive kun-rdzdb; O fcrul-snan-can. Demand vb. O dod-pa. Demeanour spyod-lam. Demon bgegs; ^gon-po. Den fsan. Denomination cos-lugs. Dense stugs-po; O fttg-po. Density ska-sldd. Depart cos-pa; bzud-pa; (deviate) <gyur- ba. Depend upon rten-pa; bio skyel-ba W., fcel-ba C. Deportment spyod-pa. Depository mdzod. Depression Disfigured 625 Depression (incision) Itoti-ga. Deprive O prog-pa; O pnd-ba; to be depriv- ed Jbral-ba. Depth zab-Kyad ; ytiu ; zab-pa ; zabs. Deranged /erul-ba no. 3. Derangement skyon. Descend Jbab-pa. Descendants brgyud. Describe ston-pa ; Jbri-ba. Description bsad-pa; bstan-pa; ynas-fsul, ynas-lugs; rnam-far; byed-fsul, yod-fsul. Desert s. dgon-pa; Jbrog(-stO'n). Deserted ston-pa. Deserve v. ^os-pa. Design vb.a. (delineate) Jbri-ba', O god-pa; (intend for) sno-ba Design s. ri-mo. Desirable mko-ba. Desire s. fob-bio; O dod-pa. Desire vb. O dod-pa : smon-pa ; zen-pa ; sred- pa; riiam-pa; ritab-pa; rkam-pa. Desolate adj. no bab-pa; zum-pa. Despair s. yi(d) ycod-pa; yi(d) mug-pa. Despair vb. lio-tag ycod-pa; yi(d}-mug-pa. Despise brnyas-pa; rnan-cen byed-pa; Kyad-du ysod-pa; O gyin-ba; smad-pa. Despond spa-sgon-ba. Despondency zum-pa; yi(d) mug. Destine sko-ba; sfio-ba. Destiny skal-ba; sko-ba; bsod-bde; dban- fan . Destitute kun-gyis btan-ba; mgon-med; rten-med. Destroy O gem-pa; rnam-pa; )ig-pa; )oms- pa; fsar-ycod-pa 458; ma-run-bar byed- pa; med-par bye J -pa. Destruction zig-ral, v. ral-ba. Detail s., in rgyas-par 109. Detain skyil-ba; bsol-ba. Detect rnyed-pa; fob-pa. Determine vb. a. (induce) skul-ba; vb. n. (resolve) fag ycod-pa. Detest spon-ba. Develop vb. n. rgyas-pa 109. Deviate Jcyar-ba; O gol-ba. Devil baud; bgegs. Devise dmigs-pa-nas (or sems-kyis) yzo- ba\ dgons-pa. Devote vb. sno-ba. Devotion gus-pa, dan-ba. Devour cur mid-pa; hab-hdb za-ba. Devout skal-ddn; gus-pa; cos- can; dan-ba. Dew s. zil-pa. Dexterity sgyu-rtsdl. Dexterous sky en-pa; rtsal-can. Diadem cod-pan. Diagram dkyil-Jcor. T\ * 1 i *i -. . Dialect Diamond rdo-rje, dor-ye-pa-ldm. Diaphragm mcin-ri. Diarrhoea Jlru-ba; sal W. 567. Dictionary mih -gi mdzod. Die, dice s. co-lo, col; so; to play at - so rtse-ba; so gycd-pa. Die vb. n. O ci-ba, si-ba; resp. dgoii$-pa, and O gron-ba; eleg. ^urn-pa; v. O da-ba; to out O cad-pa. Diet spyod-lam; lenten dkar-zds. Difference ttyad, Icy ad-par; bye-brag; to find a ymjis-su O dzin-pa. Different mi-ycig; fa-dad-pa; so-so: mi- ? dra-ba; not yciy-pa. Difficult dka-ba, dka-bo; Kag-po, Kab-le. D i f f u s e vb. O gyed-pa. Dig rko-ba; bru-ba. Digest Q ju-ba; zu-ba. Digestion ^u-ba. Dignitary fsan-po. Dignity go-grdl, go-pan ; go-sd; gras; dbu- O pdn. Dike cu-rags, cu-lon; rags. Dilapidated gog-po. Diligence brtson-^rm; snt/in-rus; to use rtsol-ba skyed-pa. Diligent brtson-pa-can. Diligently rtsol-bar. Dim adj. dkrigs-pa; bkrag-cor; man-mun Ld. ; to grow O grib-pa. Diminish vb.a. O pri-ba; vb. n. jjrih-jHi. Dimness rab-rib, hrab-hrib. Din O du- dzi. Dip vb. spag-pa. Diploma bka-rgya,bka-sog; of nobility dpal-gyi ynan-sog. Direct vb. a. ytod-pa; to be ed ston-pa, Ita-ba. Direction no, nos; pyogs; man-nag; zal- ta; sed. Directly de-ma-fag-tu. Director * go-pon* C. Dirt dri-ma; dreg-pa; rkyag-pa;lcags-tlri^. Dirty adj. dri-ma-can; btsog-pa; gos-pa; mi-ytsan-ba; fsi-du W. Dirty vb. a. O go-ba. Disadvantage skyon. Disagreeable mi-sdug-pa ; yid-du-mi f on- ba. Disappear mi-snan-bar ^gyur-ba; yal-ba; med-par ^gyur-ba; jig-pa; bud-/>". Disapprove O dor-ba; mi ynan-ba. Disciple grwa-pa; nye-ynas; slob-Jni/ts. Discontented skyo-mo ; mi dga-ba. Discontinue ycod-pa. Discord dby en-pa; sel. Discouraged no Jbab-pa. Discourse s. gfak-brfwlj glen-mo; Ida-git. Discuss bgro-ba. Disdain s. rnan-cen. Disease s. nad; na-ba; snyun; chronic ycn/'f.; fatal - O ci-ndd. Disfigured gya-ba. 40 626 sgrace Drink Disgrace s. rkan- dren, zabs- dren. Disgrace vb. a. dma- bebs-pa. Disguise s. O bag; rdzu-ba. Disguise vb. a. ^ebs-pa; v. cas 156- Disgust s. skyo-sds; Krel; rnam-rtog. Dish ka-to-ra; sder-ma; spags; skyu-rum W. Disheartened skyo-mo. Dishonour vb. smad-pa; dma Jbebs-pa. Disk kyir-kyir; dkyil-Jlor; Q Kor-lo; sgor- mo. Dislocated, to be J>rul-ba. Dismay s. zum-pa. Dismiss bka Q grol-ba; ^gyed-pa; yton-ba; O don-pa. Disorder s. Krug-pa; skyon; J,'ral- /crul. Dispatch vb. rdzon-ba; zlog-pa; yton-ba, mnag-pa. Dispel zlog-pa. Dispense vb. (deal out) O brim-pa. Disperse vb - a. O gye-ba, O gyed-pa ; ycor-ba ; vb. n. O byer-ba; yan ca-ce W. Display vb. O grems-pa; ycal-ba. Disposition s. (character) rgyud; nan', nan-rgyud; ran-bzin; ysis. Disputation rtsod-pa. Dispute vb. n. rgol-ba; rtsod-pa. Dispute s. Ka-mcu, rtsod-pa, O dzin-mo. Dissatisfaction mi-dga-bai sems. Dissatisfied mi-dga-ba; also Jcon-pa. Dissect Jbyed-pa. Dissension Jcon-po; nafi-sel, sel; dbyen-pa. Dissertation rgyud, mdo. Dissimilarity /cyad-par; mi- dra-ba. Dissolute O col-pa; to be mi fsans-par spyod-pa. Dissolve vb. a. ojiff-pa', to be dissolved fim-pa. Dissuade sgyur-ba-, zlog-pa. Distance rgyan-ma; nye-rin; fag\ pa- fsad, pa-zdd Distant fag-i*in(-mo). Distend rkyon-ba. Distinct lcrol-po; cod-po; wa-le, wal-le-ba. Distinction Kyad; dbye-ba. Distinguish rnam(-par) bzag(-pa). Distinguished O pags-pa] Ky ad-par-can, Distorted ca-cus; to be Jirul-ba. Distress s. sdug-bsnal, mya-nan, dka-las. Distribute bgod-pa\ O brim-pa; v. O gyed- pa. District yul-Kdg\ yul-ljom; yul-sde; Kul\ sde. Disturb dkrug-pa; yyeiis-par byed-pa; bar-du y cod-pa; to be disturbed Jcrug-pa. Disturber bstan-sig. Ditch cu-^obs; ^obs. Diverse sna-fsogs; sna-so-so. Diversity bye-ba: mi O dra-ba. Divert sgyur-ba; rtse-ba\ zlog-pa. Divide bgod-pa: rj gyed-pa; J)yed-pa\ O ges- pa; to be divided O yye-ba. Dividend bgo-byd. Divine s. cos-pa. Division dbye-ba; bye-brag ; Kyad, fcyad- par\ cu-fsdni mam-pa; fcag. Divisor bgod-byed. Dizzy, I am mgo Jcor. Do byed-pa; spyod-pa', eleg. bgyid-pa: resp. mdzad-pa\ that will *dig-pa yin* C.\ des cog. Doctrine cos; bstan-pa. Dog Kyi, male Kyi-po, fern. Kyi-mo \ mad Icyi smyon-pa; kennel /V//-/Y//;. ////- pul. Doll mm. Domain /cams: Kul\ dban-ris. Domicile mcis-brdn. Dominion /cams 39; v. rgyal- kams ios: nan', mna; cab-^dg; dbait-ris: sri<l. Door sgo\ cab-sgo; large sgo-mo: little sgev.; principal - rgyal-sgo; bar y1 cm- pa; frame $go- drig; ~ hinge .s</o-/ : "/'. go-pin W. ; keeper sgo-pa. res]), cabs- sgo-pa, sgo-sruii. Dose s. fun. Dosser tse-po, tsel-po. Dot s. fseg. Double adj. ynyis-lddb; tongued Ice- ynyis-pa; barreled gun nyi-ragW.\ (v. sbrag-pa); fsan-yd. Double vb. a. skum-pa. Doubt s. fe-tsom; fsom-pa; fsom-fsom: ///'/- ynyis. Doubtful ytol-med. Dough skyo-ma; bag-zan. Down adv. fur; fen-la C.; ysam-du; to go nub-pa, Jbab^pa. Downward mar, mas; ^og-tu, sod-du. Dowry rdzons. Doze vb. nyid fom-pa. Drag vb. O drud-pa. Dragon O brug. Dram s. (weight) zo 478- Draught s. (drawing) bkod-pa; ri-ntu: (drink) hub. Draw (pull) O fen-pa; O dren-pa; to in rnub-pa; skum-pa; to out O fen-pa; O byin-pa; to up (to compose) O god-pa. Dreadful )iys-pa. Dream s. rmi-lam, resp. mnal-lam; vb. rmi-ba. Dress s. gos, cas; resp. na-bza. Dress vb. a. (to clothe) skon-pa; (to cook) O f sod-pa, O fsed-pa; to wounds sdom-pa. Dressed up zab-mo. Dried skam-po; up kum-pa. Drink vb. s fun-ba. Drink s. skyems; zal-skom; meat and bza-btun. Drinkable water Elsewhere 627 Drinkable water skems-cu. Drinking-cup skyogs; cai/-can, p&r-pa, ko-re W. Drip vh. Q dzag-pa. Drive vb. O ded-pa; to back O gogs-pa; zlog-pa; to -- out skrod-pa; bda-ba. Driver O ded-mi. Drop s. figs-pa. Drop vb. a. Icrul ytoit-ba; vb. n. O dzag-pa; O cor-ba. Dropsy pags-cu; snyin-cu; dmu-cu. Dross Icags-dregs. Drowned, to be O f sub-pa; cus Kyer-ba. Drum s. riia; skin r/m-lpags; stick rha-lcdg. Drummer r/ta-pa. Drunk ra-ro-ba; bzi-canW.; to get bzi- ba. Drunkard can -dad-can W. Drunkenness ra-ro. Dry adj. skam-pa, skam-po; skem-pa; - weather, drought fan-pa. Dry vb. a. skem-pa. D r y n e s s skam-pa. Duck s. (water-fowl) nur-ba. Due adj. dgos-pa. Duel s. Krug-pa. Dulcimer yan-ljiu 7s. Dull adj. Uugs-pa; glen-pa; rtul-po; blun- pa. Dullness rmu-ba. Dumb Ikugs-pa; smra-mi-nus-pa. Dumpling cu-ta-gir W. Dung s. lea Ld.; Ici-ba W.; brun. Dungeon Kri-mun; btson-don. Dupe vb. a. mgo skor byed-pa 25- During prep. Kons-su; na 298; -nit-la. Dusky man-mun. Dust s. Kyim-sa; fal-ba\ rdul\ pye-ma', cloud of bud. Duty feat/; It-rims; sdom-pa; moral fsul- Krims] (tax) dpya\ so-gdm. Dwarf miu. Dwell ynas-pa, O dug-pa; sdod-pa\ resp. bzugs-pa\ Jeod-pa. Dwelling s. ynas-tfan, ynas-fsan; eleg. mcis-bra/t-j temporary O bran-sa. Dwindle yal-ba. Dye s. fsos; vb. a. fsos rgyag-pa. Dynasty rgyal-brgyud; ryyal-rdbs. Each kun; re, re-re Eager O dod-can, O dod-ldan; to be O dod- pa\ sred-pa. Eagle go-bo; glag. Ear rna-ba; resp. snyan; ache rna-ba na-ba; hole ma- Run; shot rgyan- grdgs; wax klog-pa; rna-Kydg; of corn snye-ma. Early adj. and adv. v. s/'/a 135; earlier s/'ia- ma, siia-mo; earlier or later sna-rtin-du. Earn Kug-pa. Earnest s., in good don-ddm. Earnestly snyin-nas\ v. also yan-day-pa, sub. dag-pa 248. Earth sa: sa cen-po; quake sa-ryos; san- gulW. East sar. Easy sla-ba; Ihod-pa. Eat za-ba, bza-ba; resp. ysol-ba; mcod-pa; v. also O fun-ba; to up ma-lus-par za-ba. Echo s. brag-ca; sgra-brnydn. Eclipse of the moon zla- dzin, of the sun nyi- dzin. Edge Ka; ca-ga; mfa; zur; of a knife dno. Edict bka-sog, ysuii-sog; bk-ar-btags-pa. Edifice bkod-pa 96. Educate O fso-ba; yso-ba, yso-skyon byed- pa. Effect vb. a. byed-pa. Effect s. Jbras-bu; effects (goods) ca-lag W., lag-ca, ijo-byad. Effervesce M-ba. Efficacy nus-pa. Egg sgo-fid, tul W. Egotism bday- dzin 268. Egypt mi-ser yul. Eight num. brgyad; eighth brgyad-pa; eighteen cu-b>'gyad\ eighteenth cu-bryy ad- pa; eighty brgyad-cu; eightieth brgyad- cu-pa. Either or yah-na yan-na. Eject skrod-pa; O dor-ba. Elapse O da-oa. Elbow gru-mo, gri'-mo ; dre-bo. Elder adj. ce-ba, cen-po ; brother jo-bo; fu-bo. Elder s. rgad-po. Election ydam-ka. Electuary Ide-gu. Element Jbywirba; ham*. Elephant ylan, glah~po-ce, glah-c&n. Elevate sgro- dogs-p<r. jl<'i/*-i><r. xj>nr-/>ti; seit-ba. Eleven bcu-ycig; eleventh bcu-ycig-pa. Elk Ka-sdsa-ba. Eloquence Ka-sbyaii. Eloquent nag-dbdir, Icu-sbyait-po; Ka- sugs-can W. Elsewhere )zan-du. 628 Emanate Exact Emanate O pro-ba. Emanation sprul-ba 336- Emboss pur-ba. Embrace vb. Jcyud-pa; Kril-ba; O dzin- pa; Kyab-pa. Emerald ma-rgdd, Emerge Jbyun-ba. Emetic skyua-smdn. Eminent kyad-par-can; pun-sum-fsogs- pa; rgyal-ba; pul-tu byiin-ba. Emit O byin-pa. Emmet gre-mog-bu W. ; grog-ma. Empale y sal-sin- la skyon-pa. Emperor rgyal-po cen-po. Empire /Jaws; yul-Kdms; rgyal-Tfdg. Employ skyel-ba; spyod-pa; to be ed or busy brel-ba. Empty ston-pa; to make stons-pa. Emulate O gran-pa. Emulation ^ran-sems. Enabled, to be Kom-pa 44. Encampment sgar; dmag-sgdr. Enchanter ^on-po; enchantress ^gon-ba- mo. Encircle shor-ba. Enclose skor-ba. Enclosure skor-ba' ra-ba. Encompass J?yigs-pa; Jcyud-pa; skor-ba. End s. mjug; mfa, mfa-ma; pug; }'zug; towards or at the mfa-ru, mfar; to be at an rdzogs-pa, zin-pa. Endeavour \\>.rtsol-ba; Ihur len-pa; don- du ynyer-ba; s. O yrus-pa. Endless mfa-yds; mfa-med. Enemy dyra, dgra-bo; pa-rol-po; O fse-ba. Energy sugs. Engagement (promise) cad ; sdom-pa ; v . also las, brel-ba. Engrave rko-ba. Enjoin skul-ba. Enjoy Ions spyod-pa; one's self rtse-ba. Enjoyment lons-spyod; nyams-myon. Enlarge rgyas-pa\ O pel-ba; dar-ba; upon spro-ba. Enough fsad; cog-pa; to be Kyed-pa; O grig-pa. Ensnare dkri-ba. Enter vb. a. jug-pa; O fsugs-pa; O fsud-pa; vb. n. cud-pa. Entertainment mgron; v. also rticod-ston. Entire tsan-ma; ril-ba; son-te W. Entity no-bo-nyid 129 ; cos-nyid 164. Entrails rgyu-ma, nan-Urol. Entrance (vestibule) sgo-Kdn. Entrust O col-ba: y tod-pa, ynyer-lca f tad- pa. Enumerate sgran-ba, bsgran-ba; O dren-pa. Enumeration mam-grdtis. Envelope yi-gei subs. Envious prag-dog-can; v. also ce-r6. Envoy po-nya. Envy s. p'rag-dog; mig-ser. Envy vb. prag-pa. Epidemy nms(-nad); nan- rim*. Epilepsy Kyab-jug; yza-ndd;yza-pog-pa. Epistle yi-ge. Epitaph dur-byan. Equal mnyam-pa; snyoms-po 201; Q dra-ba; mfsuns-pa. Equality mnyam-pa-nyid; O dra-mi- dra. Equanimity snyonis-pa ; btan-snyoms. Equivalent s. dod; fsab. Eradicate rtsad-nas ycod-pa. Erect adj. kye-re; Kron-ne. Erect vb. a. sgreii-ba; Q dzugs-pa; bzeii-ba. Err K'yar-ba; O fcnil-ba; ^gol-ba; nor-ba. Error O gal-sa; Jcrul-so, Jcrul-yzi. Eructation skyug-lddd; sgreg-pa. Escape vb. O cor-ba; O bud-pa. Escort s. sky el-ma; bsel(-ba), lam-bsel. Escort vb. rdzon O debs-pa. Especially tcyad-par-du. Essence no-bo-nyid 129; bt-ud (quintes- sence) 147. Establish ^god-pa. Estafet rta-zam-pa. Esteem s. pu-dud; rtsis; ya-sa. Esteem vb. a. bkur-ba; yces-par byi><l-i><i or O dzin~pa. Estimation rtsis; fsod 453. Eternal rtag-pa: skye- ci-med-pa. Eternity rtag-tu-ba (?). Ether mica. Etymology fa-snydd. Eunuch nyug-rum. Euphony sgra-dbyahs. Europe rgya-pi-lin ; pyi-glin, vulgo pi-lift . European s. pa-ran, pe-rdn ; pi-lin-pa. Evade jur-ba, O dzur-ba; jol-ba; O cor-ba. Evangelist prin-bzan sgrog-pa (-po). Evaporate fim-pa. Even adj. mnyam-pa. Even vb. a (to level) snyom-pa. Even adv. fa-na; yah; not v. yafi ,">(>,"). Evening nub ; nub-mo ; dgons. Evenness nyam-pa-nyid. Event rkyen; dnos-po; at all events <Vx kyan* gan yin kyan 65; ga-na-med IT.. gar-med W. Ever rtag-tu; ytan-du; dus-rgyun-du. Every kun; re, re-re; v. gan 60; day dkyus-ma; zag dan zag 248; thing can; ci; kun. Everywhere kun-tu; v. cir 141. Evidence rgyu-mfsan 111. Evident mnon-pa. Evidently v. nes-pa 128. Evil s. nan; nyes-pa. Evil adj. nan-pa; fu-ba; spirit O gou-po. Exact adj. zib-pa. Exactly Family Exactly Ko-na; ran-, that de-de 256. Exaggerate syro- doys-pa. Exalt syro- doys-pa. Exalted O pays-pa. Examination brtags-dpyacL Examine rtoy-pa ; dpyod-pa ; yziy-pa ; sad- [-] \ a in |) 1 c <lj>t' : dpe-brjdd. Excavate ycoit-ba ; sbuy-pa. Excavation sbugs; soil. Excellence dn os-yrub ; ce-ba . Excellent rgyal ba; Kyad-par-can; yces- pa; pun-fsoys; O f jays-pa. Except prep, ma y toys-par; min, min-par. Exchange s. (agio) par. Excite sloh-ba, dkroy-pa. Exclaim Jbod-pa. Exclusively /co-na. Excrement rki/ag-pa; rtuy-pa; dri-nia. Excrescence Iba-ba; mdzer-pa; O dzer-pa. Execrate nan O debs-pa; mnan-pa; dmod- pa Jbor-ba. Exercise s. (bodily) spyod-lam 335; of religion cos-spyod. Exercise vb. a. sbyoh-ba ; lay-tu len-pa. Exert one's self O bad~pa. Exertion Jbad-pa; brtson-pa; don-ynyer; dka-ba. Exhausted nyams-fay-pa; to be (con- sumed) Q dzad-pa\ zin-pa; (tired) O cad- pa', 'iial- cad-pa, fafi- cad-pa. Exhort skul-ba', skul-cay byed-pa; bslab- bya byed-pa, or ston-pa, or btan-ba. Exhortation bskul-ba, bskul-ma\ snyin- ytam\ luh, lun-bstdn] bslab-bya, farewell Ka-cems. Exile vb. a. ynas-nas dyar-ba. Exist cf. O duy-pa\ yod-pa\ skye-ba. Existence skye-ba ; srii I -pa . Exorcise dam-la O doys-pa. Expanse Uon\ tfa-ztn. Expect syuy-pa. Expedient adj. pan- doys-pa, pan-f<></*- can\ rigs-pa 528; don-byed-nus-pa Expel skrod-pa; ^il-ba: O don-pa; spyug- pa\ Jbud-pa-, zlog-pa. Expend sky ay-pa. Expenditure, Expense jjro-sgo ; sfci/<t - pa, skyag-sgo. Expensive yus-po. Experience vb. a. myon-ba, nyams-su myon-ba', v. also sbyo/i-lm Experience s. slobs'. Experienced (skilled) mKas-pa. Expiation sdiy-b.vn/s. Expire O da-ba. Explain Q grel-ba, ^rol-ba, -no sprod-pa\ O cad-pa\ bsad-pa. Explanation brda-sp /(></. Exploit Icyo ga. Expressly ced-du. Exquisite mcoy-tu bkrab\ kyad-par y"/>- pa. Extend rkyoh-ba', bsnar-ba. Extension %<w; gu. Extensive rgyas-pa; yans-pa. Extent Jcijon; rgya, ryya-k'yon, r</i/<i-b<r. cu-zen 158. Exterior s. mam-pa; ca-byad 152. External pyii, v. pyi III 349; appear- ance ca-byad., pyi-rol. Extinct, to becoQie O cad-pa\ si-lm. Extinguish ysod-pa. Extra O feb. Extract vb. a. bku-ba; Jbyin-pa; do)i-/><>. Extraction (descent) rigs. Extremity (end) mfa-ma, zur. Eye s. mig, resp. spyan; brow m' lash rdzi-ma; miy-ysoy, rt-s|> ysoy; --lid miy-pdy C. W. Fable s. syruiis. Fabricate vb. a. O cos-pa; bco-ba; byed-pa; bzo-ba; to be fabricated gmb-pa. Face s. ydo/'i; no; Ka\ skye-syo; syo-lo; bzin; in the of IM-I'U, Kar. Face vb. (to be directed towards) ston-pa. Fail vb. (to miss) mi Kes-pa C.; mi- febs- pa W.; (to err) O gol-ba; (to dwindle) yol- ba. Faint adj. nyams-cun; to get ycon-ba. Faint vb. n. b)-yyal-ba; O kam-pa. Fair adj. mdzes-pa; mfsar-ba; bzan-ba. Faith dad-pa. Faithful dad-pa; ydeiis-pa; slu-med; yyo- s<jyn-med. Falchion yri-yuy. Falcon fcra. Fall vb. c yril-ba; ^yel-ba; Ituii-ba; O bab- pa; to - in drops Jiy-pa; to otf O bi/i- ba; to to pieces ojiy-pu ; ;/ril-ba W. ; to upon O buns-pa. Fall s. Itun-ba. Fallow yan-pa. False mi bJi'ii-jm: rdzus-ma\ yyo-c\ charge Ka-yoy; snii<i<l; conception I ><>$- pa; sentiment lta-l<'><j. l<><j-ltu. Falsehood dkyux; /, : <i-x<>/>: rd:iui. Fame gr ays-pa. Family bryyud; yduii\ />u-xinti<l; /}/.s- mad; rabs; riys-bryyud; rus. 630 Famine Firm Famine mu-ge. Famous grays-can. Fan s. rna-ydb. Fan vb. a. Krab-pa\ v. yob-mo. Fancy vb. a. sgom-pa; dmigs-pa; sems-pa; vb. n. mno-ba. Fancy s. dmigs-pa; sems-kyi snan-ba. Fang k'ron; mce-ba, mce-so. Far rgyan-rin-^po, rgyans 107; (fag-]nn-ba; mi nye-ba; as as bar-du, K'ad-du; famed syra-ce; from Ita ci smos 215- Farewell \.ya-leA; to say \.pyi-pyay, sub pyag. ' Farm s gro/i-bzis; steward ynyer-pa 194. Farmer Kyim-pa-pa ; ziit-pa 475. Farsightedness miy-ryydii 414. Farther par. Fashion s. cos; lugs. Fast adj. mgyogs-pa; myur-ba. Fast vb. n. smyuit-ba; dge-ba srun-ba. Fasten sdom-pa; c grogs-pa; dogs-pa; sgril- ba ; sbyor-ba ; sbrel-ba. Fasting s. bsnyen-ynas, smyurt-ynas. Fat adj. rgyas-pa; fso-ba; fson-po. Fat s. fsil; melted fsil-liu; zag. Fatal byur-gyi] nyen-can; ma-run-ba; sroy-len, srog- prog. Fate skal-ba, las-bskos v. sko-ba 24; bsod- pa; dban-fdti; cf. also lan-cags and las- O pro. Father pa, resp yab; - in law gyos-po; Fathom s. O doms-pa. Fatigue s. hal, resp. ^o-bryyr'd. Fatigue vb. a. t'/al Jug-pa; to be fatigued nal-ba, resp. sku-nal-ba, fugs iial-ba. Fault sky on; nons-pa; Q fsa/'t. Faulty skyon-can. Favour s. bl;a-drin; v. ynan-ba II 309. Favourable mfun-pa; circumstance mfun-rkyen. Favourite s. snyin-sdug; sdug-pa. Fear s. Jigs-pa, Jigs-sfcrag, Jigs-ri; bay- fsa (-ba). Fear vb. Jigs-pa; dt'ian-ba; dogs pa. Fearless Jigs-med; bag-med. Feast s. dga-ston; mgron; ston-mo. Feather spu; quill sgro. Fee s. gla; ri/an-pa; bag-sis. Feeble kyar-kyor; kyor; nya-ra-nyo-ri'. Feed stob-pa; snyod-pa; ^or-baW.; O fso-ba, yso-ba. Feel rey-pa, fsor-ba; to cold O kyags-pa. Feeling s. rey-bya. Feign vb. n. bcos-pa 148; v. lugs byed-pa (lugs no. 2, 548); fsul-du byed-pa (fsul no. 1, 450). Fellow grogs; ya-do W.; labourer las- grogs; lodger O dug-grogs, bran-grogs, resp. bzugs-grogs; traveller lam-grdns. Felt s. pyin-pa. Female mo. Fen O dam; gram-pa. Fence s. Ko-ra; skyor-ba; ta-ber W.; pu- su; ra-ba. Ferment \\). Kol-ba; s.zo-riW.^S'.ru-ma. Fern skyes-ma. Ferocious tiar-po. Ferry s. g>'u; rdziits, yzins. Ferry- man gru-pa; cu-} y ay-pa ; mnyan- pa. Festival dus-cen. Fetter vb. a. sbrel-ba; Jtyiy-pa; O cih-ba. Fetters s. syroys; Icays, Icags-sgrog; bci/is- pa. Fever fsad-pai ndd C.; fsan-zug W. Few nyun-itu; a few ^ga, O ya tsam; nyuu- nu zig; cig 140; la-Id C. Fib s. sob, ysob. Fibre rgyus-pa. Fickle yyi-na; ya-ma-brla; O gyur-ldoy; skad yciy kyaii mi fsugs-pa. Fickleness O gyur-ldog, ldog- gyur. Fictitious bcos-pa; dmigs-pa-nas bzos-pa. Fidget vb. O par-ba. Field ziit; kluns; - terrace da/t-tse W. Fife glih-bu. Fifth liia-pa; fifteen bco-lna; fifteenth bco- l//a-pa; fifty Ina-bcu; fiftieth liia-bcu-pa. Fight s. O fab-mo. Fight \\).&..gyed-pa; ryol-ba; O fab-pa; O fab- mo byed-pa; vb. n. Hruy-pa; O gra?i-pa; ryol-ba; rtsod-pa; O dzin-ba. Figure s. dhjil-Kor; skye-yzuys; b/>od-jxi; rnam-^yyur; dbyibs; yzugs; bzo, ~<>: //'- mo; ris. Figured (variegated) ci-tra W. File s. (tool) Icags-bdar; sed. File vb. (to string) ryyud-pa; star-ba. Fill vb. Kyab-pa; ^yeiis-pa. Filter s. f say-ma; vb. a O fsag-pa. Filth dri-ma; mi-ytsan-ba 433; yrib. Find fob-pa; rnyed-pa; Hug-pa. Fine adj. (beautiful) mdzes-pa; sdug-pa; mfsar-ba; (not coarse) zib-pa; lag-mo W.; (thin) srab-pa. Fine s. (penalty) rgyal, ston. Finger ser-mo, sor-mo, resp. -}>yag-x '>/; mdzub-mo, mdzuy-gu; ring ser-ydub, sor-ydub. Finish vb. sgrub-pa; to be finished c </rul>- pa; fsar-ba; rdzogs-pa; O dzad-pa; zin-pa. Fir fau-siit; som, ysom, som-xiit. Fire s. me; brand gal-me; fly ^.od-jn-o- O bu W.; place fab, me -fab; tongs me-len. Firm (solid) mfcran; mfcregs-pa; sra-ba; (trodden) cay -can 167; (tigbt) fatl-po, dam-po; (sure)btsan; ties-pa; (steady) v. Firmness Fort 631 Firmness (of mind) snyih-rus. First daii-po; ma-ma; mgo-ma; - born mgo-bu; s/lon-skt/es; part stod 223; adv (at first) mgo-ma W.; sna-sor, sna-gon; snar; ycig-tu; fog-mar. Firstfruits pud. Firstly dan-por. Fish s. nya; bone nya-grd. Fish vb. nya rnon-pa; nya.ysor-ba. Fishing-hook mcil-pa. Fishing-net nya-rgya, nya- dol. Fissure rgya-ser; ser-ka. Fi st Ku-fsur. Fit vb. a. v. sgrig-pa 120; to out som-pa ; to be O f ad-pa', run-ba. Five Ina. Fix vb. a. ^god-pa; sbyor-ba; a time dus byed-pa. Flabby kyom. Flag s. da'i", staff dar-po-ce. . Flageolet glin-bu Flame s. Ice, me-lce. Flannel fei'-ma. Flap s. gos sgdb. Flash vb. Jlyug-pa. Flat adj. leb-mo; mnyam-pa. Flatten vb. a. gleb-pa. Flatter stod-pa; mol-lce btan-ba W. Flatterer no stod-fcan. Flattery ycam-bu. Flatulence pyen; ^og-rlun. Flavour s. bro-ba', ro. Flaw s. so-re W. Flea Kyi-sig; ^ji-ba. Flee Jbros-pa. Fleece s. bal-rgydb. Flesh sa; - fly sa-sbrdn. Flexible kyom; mny en-pa. Fling vb. rgyab-pa; rgyag-pa C.; dbyug- pa G'.; O pen-pa\ skyiw-ba\ O bor-ba. Flint Icag-rdo; Icags-mag. Float vb. n. Idin-ba. Flock s. /cyu, Kyu-bo. Flog Icag-gis yzu-ba, v. also skar-ba. Flood s. cu-log. Floor s. yzi-ma\ (bottom) mfil 240; sen W.\ 'an- Q dar 6'.; ground ^og-Kah. Flour s. pye ; zib. Flourish vb. bde-ba\ O fsen-ba. Flourish s. (in writing) ri-mo kyag-kyog. Flow vb. Jbab-pa\ s. rgyun 112. Flower s. me-tog; bed rka', garden sdum-ra. Fluid s. h'u-ba. Flute pred-glin. Flutter s. k s rag-Krug 49. Fly vb. Q pur-ba\ to up O par-ba .",;")(;. Fly s. sbran-ma. Foal rteu\ of an ass gu-i'ug. Foam s. Ibu-ba, dbu-ba. and j>o. Fodder s. cag. Foe dgra, dgra-bn; /i<t Fog kug-rnai na-ln'nr, Fold s. (plait) ltab-ma; (pen) lhas-ma. Fold vb. a. (to plait) ltab-pa; (to pen) dgar-ba. Follow Q braii-ba, rjes-su ^ro-ba: ycod-pa. 1^11 i ft * r o 1 1 o w e r ostan - O dzin. Following pyi(s)-> pyir I, 2: <///. Fond, to be of ... la cags-pa, zen-pa. P^ondness Kri- ba ; zen-Kris, zen-cags-pa. Fontanel klad-sgo; mfsogs-ma; O fsaits-pai bri-ga. Food zas, resp. zal-zds, bzes-pa, 6ms: /v/- zds\ za-ba, za-ma', lto\ of animals l>zan. Fool s. glen-pa', blun-pa, blun-po. Foolish glen-pa\ blun-pa; blo-med. Foot rkan pa, resp. zabs; bridge dem- tsi Lh ; - path rkan -lam; O pran, lam- O pran\ race ban; ring rkan-ydub; - soldier rkan- fan-pa; stool rkuii- stegs; of a hill rtsa-ba; on foot rkatl- fan-du or la. Footprint, Footstep rkait-rji'x. For don-du; v. pyogs 352; forty days zag bzi-bcui bar-du, zag bzi-bcii fug W. Forbear vb. a. ^gyod-mi rmo-ba 98. Forbid O gegs-pa ; mi ynan-ba. Force s. mfu; dban; nar-ba; cd-dbdit W. Force vb. dban-med-du O col-ba; v. also nan-gyis; sed-Kyer-nag-pos W. Ford vb rgal-ba. Fore, arm lag-ndr; finger mdzub-mo ; part, side nar, Ka, mdun nos. Foregoing snon-gro; sna-ma. Forehead fod-pa; dpral-ba. Foreign yan-pa ; yzan-ma ; pyii ; country byes. Forenoon sna-fog; sna-dro. Foreskin sgo - pur ; mdun - Ipags , Q dom- Ipags. Forest nags(-ma\ nags-yseb; nags-fsal, nags-Krod; fsal. Forget rjed-pa ; yi-ycod-pa, resp. fu<i* /'.'/<'/- ba W. Forgive vb. a. (not resenting) bzod-pa4W, (to leave unpunished) O gyod-mi rmo-lxi : (to efface) sel-ba; (to wash away) dag-pa. Fork Ka-brag; sa- dzin. F o r in s. (mould) par; (figure) dbyibs\yzugs; cas; grammatical fsig. Form vb a. skyed-pa. Former adj. goti, (/o/'t-ma; siion-^ro; dan- po; part stod; time snon-rol. Formerly sna-cdd, sha-goii, wio-fiw; snar; snon. Fornicate O cal-ba; \.yyem-pa. Fornicator O cdl-pa. Forsake skyur-ba ; Q bor-ba ; yton-ba. Fort mfcar. 632 Forte Gentian Forte (in music) rtsub-po. Forth sogs; par; yas. Fortress rdzoh(s). Fortune (lot) pya; (wealth) ffa-rje C. ; good- bkra-sis; teller pya-mKan ; nan- shags-mKan. Forward vb. Kal-ba. Found vb. Q god-pa; rgyag-pa; O debs-pa; O dzugs-pa. Foundation rman ; of a house mfil ; Kan - rtsd. Fountain cu-mig. Four bzi; fourth bzi-pa; fourteen cu-bzi; fourteenth cu-bzi-pa; forty bzi-bcu; for- tieth bzi-bcu-pa. Four footed rkah-bzi-pa. Fowl by a; domestic Kyivn-bija. Fowler bya-pa, Fox wa; coloured Ham-pa. Fragile Krol-mo W. Fragment cag-Krum, cag-dum; (y^sil-bu. Fragrance -had. Frail, to get rgud-pa. Frame s. llri; vb. a. ^god-pa 95. Frankincense bdug-pa, gu-gul. Fraud no-Ucog; zog, zol-zog. Free adj. yan-pa; far-pa\ to become O grol-ba ; far-ba ; to set far-du ^jug-pa ; Jbud-pa. Freeze Jcyags-pa; pyid-pa. Freight s. Kal. Frenzy Jcrul-pa. Fresh ysar-ba, ysar-po', so-maW.; but- ter skya-mdr W. Friday yza-pa (j-wa)-sans. Friend grogs, rog\ no-ses, mdza-bses, bses- ynyen\ mdza-bo\ zla-bo. Friendly snyin-nye\ resp. sol-po. Fright s. jigs-pa. Frighten skrag-pa. Frightened skrag-pa; to be rtab-pa. Fringes fca-fsar. Frog sbal-pa. From nas 304; man -cad, 411; las 546; - within Jcon-nas 43. Frontier sa-mfsdm?. Front-side fca- nar. Frost tfyags-pa; sad. Froth Ibu-ba, dbu-ba. Frozen Kyags-pa. Fruit sin- tog; O bras-bu; tree bza-sin; rtsi-sin. Fry vb. sreg-pa, slam-pa, r hod-pa. Fuel bud-sin. Fulfil skoh-ba; sgrub-pa\ O getis-pa. Full gan-ba; Item -pa; mfon-po; to be - Itams-pa; Kens-pa; to make Kyab-pa. Fully rgyas-par. Fumigate bdug-pa. Fun pra-cdl; sags. Functionary blon-po Fundament rtsa-ba; rkub. Fur -coat slag-pa, slog-pa; fui-pa. E'urious ytum-pa. Furnish (supply) sgrub-pa. Furniture yo-bydd. Furrow s. rka. Further yzan-yah, yah. Furtherance mt'un-rkyen. Futurity ma ^ons-pai dus; pugs. Gain vb. a rgyal-ba, rnyed-pa, sgrub-pa. Gain s. skyed\ fee, tiye; Ka-rgydl, rgydl-tia; rnyed-pa\ spogs, bogs. Gait bgrod. Galaxy dgu-fsigs. Gale rlun-dmdr, rlun nag-po. Gall s. mfcris-pa. Gallop vb. n. rta rgyug-pa. Gallows car-sin. Game s. (animals of chase) ri-dwags. Gander nan-pa. Ganges gan-gd. Gap rgya-ser; ser-ka, ser-ga. Gape vb. sgyih-ba,; ydah-ba. Garden fsal; fsas W.; Idum-ra; sdum-ra; flower ha-16. Garlic sgog-pa. Garment gos; cas, resp. na-bza; under ^ah-fun; upper bla-gdb, bla-gos, yzan- gos. Garret steh-Kah. Gate rgyal-sgo; sgo-mo. Gather vb. a. sgrug-pa; O fu-ba; sog-pa; vb. n. O fcor-ba; O gugs-pa; Jibs-pa. Gatherer fun, O fun. Gear s. go-ca. Gelding s. po-rtd. General adj. spyi 333; fun-mon. General s. dmag-dpon. Generate skyed-pa. Generation rgyal - brgyud; yduh - rabs, robs. Genesis cags-rdbs. Genitals mfsan(-ma). Genitive case O brel-pa. Gentian tig-ta; kyi-lce. Gentle Great 633 Gentle ^am-po, Jbol-po; mfun-can; sgye- mo. Gentleman ytso-bo; sa-heb; old , old squire, ga-gd Ld., 'a-jo-lag C. Gently nan-yis; ga-le C., gu-le W. Gentry drag-rigs. Genuine dnos; no-rtog; Ihad-med. Geography ynas-bsdd, yul-bsdd. Germinate vb. n. skye-ba; to cause to skyed-pa. Gesture s. brda; rnam-gyttr; v. also fsul. Get vb. a. Kug-pa; rnyed-pa; fob-pa', O dzin- pa; yod-par O gyur-ba ; vb. n. O gro-ba; ca- ba W.; to into cud-pa ; Jbab-pa ; to - through far-ba, bgrod-pa; to up Idan- ba, lan-ba, resp. bzens-pa. Ghost mi-ma-yin^-pd) ; sems-nyid. Ghostlike yzugs-med 494 ; lus-med. Gift s. /cyos-pa; ynan-ba; bya-dgd; Jbul- ba ; sbyin-pa ; yon, Gild cm yton-ba, yser-cus O byug-pa. Gills nya-skyogs. Gimlet sor. Ginger sga, sgeu; Ica-sga. Girdle s. ska-rags. Girl bu-ino', yzon-nu-ma\ na-cu/i. Give skur-ba; ster-ba; ynan-ba; Jbul-ba 394; O bogs-pa; sbyin-pa; stsol-ba\ to an eutertainuient O gyed-pa; to up sgyur- ba; ycod-pa; spon-ba; bios yton-ba\ to be given to skyon-ba; rten-pa. Glacier gans, yam-can. Glad adj. dga-ba; tidings ytam-snydn; to be dga-ba\ mgu-ba\ to make *sem fad cug-ce* W. Glass sel, man-sel; beads ga-sel; bottle sel-bum. Gleaner snye-fun. Glide O dred-pa\ O byid-pa. Glistening Krom-me, Krol--po\ cam. Glitter vb. O fser-ba. Globe ril W. Globular zlum-pa, ril-ba; a stone rdo- ril. Glorious g rags-can; O pags-pa. Glory s. grags-pa; dpal, dpal-byor. Glory vb. rlom-pa, po-fsod O cad-pa; v.po-so. Gloss bkrag; ^d-ysdl. Glossy bkra-ba. Glove lag-subs. Glue s. spyin. Gnash so Krig-Krig byed-pa, so bdar-ba; so sdom-pa. Gnaw yzan-pa; O ca-ba, mur-ba. G o O gro-ba ; O don-ba ; ca-ba W. ; rgyu-ba ; bgrod-pa; pyin-pa, eleg. mci-ba } res^).peb- pa; to about Q grim-pa; to abroad O gron-du O gro-ba, byes-su O gro-ba; to astray Q Kyar-ba; to away O gye-ba, resp. bzud-pa, ysegs-pa; to in or into cud- P a -> <J li 9-p a 'i to out O fon-pa; spro-ba; to round Jcor-ba, skor-ba. Goal fsad. Goat ra-ma; wild ra-rgod, ra-po-ce; skyin. Goat's hair ral. Goblet skyogs. Goblin O dre, lha- dre. God dkon-mcog; a god lha, a goddess Iha- mo; a tutelar god yi-dam-lhd, Iha-sruii; mgon-po. Going s. (the act of) gros. Goitre Iba-ba. Gold yser. Gong Jear-rhd. Good adj. bzah-ba; legs-pa; dga-bde C.; rgyal-baW.; co\.yag-po; to be (of coins) O grul-ba. Good s. (advantage) don. Good-bye da ca yin W. 152 ; *ta-si-sig* W. ; v. ga-le C. 64. Goods dfios-po ; ka-ca ; Ka-rje C. ; spus ; zon. Goose nan-pa } nan-ma. , Gorge s. (ravine) ron. Gossip s. (idle talk) Ka-bsdd; rgya-ldb. Gourd ka-bed, ku-ba, gon W. } cun C. Gout dran-ndd W. ; grum-bu , gmm-ndd, drag-grum ; dreg-nad, fsigs-nad, fsigs-ziig. Govern sgyur -ba; rgyal - srid sky on - ba ; dbaii sgyur-ba. Government rgyal-po, rgyal-srid. Governor sde-pa; bka-blon. Grace s. bka-drin, fugs-rje. Gracious fugs-rj e-can. Gradually nan-gis; gu-le gu-le W. Graft s. pe-bdn. Grain s. cag-tse, rdog-po, Jbru. Grammar byd-ka-ra-na 372- Grandchild fsa-bo; daughter tsa-mo; father mes-po; mother ma-mo, pyi- mo; son fsa-bo, resip. dbon-po. Grant vb. (bka) ynaii-ba; ^rub-pa; stsol- ba; yzigs-pa. Granulous cag-tse-can W. Grape rgun, rgun- brum; cag-mo. Grasp vb. Ju-ba, O dzin-pa; cf. ycags-pa. Grass rtswa. Grasshopper cog-cog-pa, ca-ga- bu. Grate s. dra-pa, Icags-dra. Grateful drin-yzo-can; to be drin yzo- ba. Grater lag-ddr, lab-ddr. Gratitude drin dran-pa. Grave s. dur-Kun. Gravel s. gyo-mo; sag-ma. Gravy spags; sa-rug, resp. skyu-ri/i//. Gray se-bo; light skya-bo. Grease s. snum-pa ; vb. snum-gyis skud^pa. Greasy snum-can; fso-ba. Great ce-ba, cen-po, rgyas-pa. 40* 634 Greatness Have Greatness ce-ba, ce-Kydd. Greedy Q dod-sred-can; blo- dod; ham-pa- can. Green sno-ba, siion-po; Ijan-Ku. Greens s. stio-fsod, Idum, fsod-ma. Greensward na-Jca; ne-fdn. Grieve vb. n. skyo-ba, ^yod-pa. Grind O fag-pa; bdar-ba; to the teeth so bdar-ba, Gripes glan, glan-fabs. Gristle cag-kruin. Grit (gravel) yyo-mo. Groan s. Jcog-sugs W., sugs-ndr, sugs-rin. Groan vb. Jiun-pa. Groom rta-vdzi. Grope snom-pa. Grotto gyam, pug-pa. Ground s. zin; yzi(-ma) 480; sa-yzi 570. Grouse ri-skyegs; goti-mo. Grove skyed-mos-fsal. Grow vb. n. cer skye-ba ; O fcruii-ba; O gyur- ba; rgyas-pa; ca-ba; to dark O fibs-pa\ to old bgre-ba ; to cause to grow skyed- pa. Growth skyed, skye. Grudge s. k'on-pa; to bear a O kon-pa. Grumbling s. *fo-fd* W. Grunt vb. nug-pa, nur-ba, Kun-pa. Guard vb. skyon-ba, skyob-pa, snt/i-ba. Guardian pa-fsdb] of the world jiy- rten-skyon. Guess s. v. fsod 453. Guide s.lani-wi/can, lam- Q drcn-pa, lam-yig. Guitar sgra-snyan', ko-pons W. Gulf Kuy, cu-Kug; (abyss) bison-doit. Gullet Ikog-ma. Gulp s. hub; skyu-gdn, cor-gdn. Gum s. fan-cu. Gun sg yogs', tu-pag W.; me-mda C. Gunpowder tu~pag-man W.; me-rdzds C. Gunstock O gu-mdd] sgum-da. Gut, great or colon 'ynye-ma. Gutter n-a. Guttural s. Ice-rtsa-can 150. H Habitation groh', ynas-fsan, ynas-tfaii, yzi-ma. Haft yu-ba. Hail s. (frozen rain) ser-ba; (salutation) v. rgyal-ba I 108. Hair skra; spu, a little ba-spu. Hairy ba-spu-can; skra-can. Half (one half) s. ca 151. Half adj. pyed', boot krad-pa. Hall bkad-sa', ~ of judgment fsugs-Kan. Halo Kyim. Halter fur-myo; srab-mfur. Halting-place sti-bai ' ynas; (night quar- ters) O b)'an-sa } resp. yzim-brdn. Hammer s. fo-cun', large - fo-ba. Hand s. lag(-pa), resp. pymj. Hand vb. a. srin-ba; to over skur-ba. Handicraft bzo. Handful Kyd-le\ %or; O cans-pa:, spar-ba] pul Handkerchief sna-pyis-, - of salutation Ka-btdgs 37. Handle s. kab-za, Icibs, yu-ba. Handsome mcor-po, mdzes^pa. Handspike gal-ta. Hang vb. a. (a man) * car-la tan-ce* W.\ to - up skar-ba, dgar-ba, ^el-ba; O pyar-ba; vb. n. to down Jjol-ba, O pyan-ba. Hangman ysed-ma. Hank gt'u-gu. Happen ^yur-ba, Q byun-ba, ^on-ba. Happiness dge-ba, skyid-pa, yya n : bkra- sis. Happy bkra-sis-pa; skal-lddn, skyid-po; legs-pa; to be bde-ba, sky id- pa \ may you be bkra-sis-sig W. Hard kyoit, mKrah, mfcregs-pa; sra-ba; - to bear Icag-po; - water cu kyon-po. Hardened sran-can. Hardness nar-ba. Hardship dka-ba, nyon-moits-pa 191. Hardware Icags-cas. Hare ri-bdn. Harm s. sky on; to do fsugs-pa. ynod-pa byed-pa or skyel-ba; vb. to snad-pa. Harmony (musical concord) sgra-dbyaiis; (agreement) mfun-pa; concord amongst kinsmen ynyen- dun. Harness s. cibs-cas. Harrow s. sal-ba; vb. to sal-ba O drud- pa. Harsh gyon-po; rtsub-po. Hartshorn sa-i*u. Harvest s. btsas-ma; lo-tog 552. Haste s. fsa-drag; to make rgyug-pa; make haste! *fsa-rag ton* W.; *rin-pa ton* W. Hasten vb.n. snyegs-pa; rins-pa. Hasty spro fun-ba; yid fun-ba. Hate vb. Jcon-pa, O gras-pa, sdan-ba. Hatred sdan-sems, ze-sddn. Haughtiness ce-fdbs, po-so. Haughty Ka-drdg, Kens -pa; cc-fabs-i'ot. po-xo-can Hautboy dge-glin; sur-na. Have (possess) bdog-pa; having \.can 138, Hawk Home 635 v. bcas-pa 146; I have na-la yod 515: I have to v. rgyu no. 3, no. Hawk s. lira. Hay rtsa-skdm; fork sbrag-ma. Haze Kug-rnd. He Up, lion, de 255; who gait no. 2 65. Head s. mgo, resp. dbu; (chief) Hyu-mcog 47; ytso-bo 434; (of an argument) yan-lag', master ^go-dpon. Head vb. a. Jtrid-pa, sna O dren-pa. Headache mgo-ndd; klad-yzer. Headman O go-pa, rgad-po. Heal vb. a. O fso-ba 460, yso-ba; bcos-pa. Health Kams; nad-med-pa. Healthy nad-med. Heap s. pun-po. Heap vb. a sgril-ba, bcer-ba, spun-ba', to up sog-pa. Heaped byur-po, byur-byur 377; gau-ba W. 66. Hear vb. a-, fos-pa, fsor-ba W., nyan-pa', hear! ka-ye. Hearer nyan-pa or -po. Heart snyin, resp. fugs; nan', rgyud 112; ze 477; to know by Ka-ton-du ses-pa 35. Heart-grief sems-ndd. Hearth me -fab] sgyid-bu 118; stone sgyed-po. Heartily snyin fag-pa-nas. Hearty ze-fag-pa; a request ze-fag-pai zu-ba. Heat fsa-ba, tsad-pa; fan-pa. Heated dros-pa 264. Heaven mKa, nam-mKa ; ynam, mfo-ris 242. Heavens mKa, dbyiiis 390. Heavy Ici-ba. Hedgehog rqan, ^an-yzer-ma. Heed s., to give - bya-ra byed-pa. Heedless zon-med. Heel s. rtin-pa. Heifer zal-mo. Height mfo-Kyad; Kyon] rnams; dpans', O pan 355. Heir s. nor-bdag; joint - go-Kan W. Hellebore spru-ma. Helm s. fca-lo. Helmet rmog. Help s. skyabs, skyobs, ra-mda. Help vb. a. skyabs byed-pa, grogs byed-pa. Helper skyabs-mgon, skyabs-ynas; ynyen- po, dpun-ynyen, dpun-grogs. Hem s. sne-mo, ca-ga. Hemorrhoids yzan-ndd, yzan-brum. Hemp so-ma, ytso-ma, btso-ma', bhan-geW. Hen bya-mo; kyim-bya. Henceforth da-ste, dapyis241, da pyin- cdd 350. Herb sno, siio-fsod, rtswa. Herd Kyu, llyu-bo. Herdsman rdzi-bo, pyugs-rdzi. Here O di-nt 275. Hereafter pugs-na, da-afe, dd-pyis, da ]>}jin-cad. Heresy cos-log. Heritage nor-skal. Hermit dgon-pa-pa; bdag-bsrun. Hermitage dgon-pa, ynas. Hero Kyo-ga. Heron kan-ka\ skyar-mo. Hesitation fsam-fsum. H CW O yy-p a ) o^ so 9~P a: > v - a ' so cleave. Hiccough s. skyig-bu\ 'i-Jcug, 'ig W.] vb. to skyig-pa. Hide s. ko-ba, ko-lpags, pags-pa or -po. Hide vb. a. skun-ba, sbed-pa; to one's self cgab-pa, yib-pa, ysan-ba. Hiding-place bskuns-sa. High mfo-ba, mfon-po" and low drag- zdn 261; road, way rgya-ldm; ma- lam W. Hill ri\ v. sgah. Hilt kab-za, Icibs, yu-ba. Hinder vb. a. O gegs-pa, ^Kegs-pa ; to be - ed togs-pa. .Hind -foot rkan-pa. Hind-part mjug. Hindrance gegs, bgegs, bar- cod. Hinge s. sgo- K6r. Hip s. (joint) sta-zur, dpyi', (fruit) sib-si- lu-lu Ld. Hire s. rnan-pa, vb. to yyar-ba. History lo-rgyus, byuti-fsul. Hit vb. a. tfes-pa, rgyab-pa, fug-pa, O pog- pa, O febs-pa W. Hit s. Icag 148. Hither fsur\ to sna-cad. Hive s. fsan. Hoangho rma-cu. Hoarfrost ba-mo. Hoarse nar-nar-po, O dzer-po; to be O dzer-ba ; ras-pa Ld. Hoarseness skad-gdgs. Hoe vb.^a. rko-ba. Hog s. pay. Hoist vb. a. O pyar-ba. Hold vb. a. can-ba, snom-pa, O dzin-pa; to forth O dzed-pa ; to - out (suffice) Jfyed- pa; vb. n. rten-pa 213. Hold s. rten', to take - of Ju-ba. [413. Hole s. Kun, bi-gdn, bi-ydnW., bn-<i<t; ////;/ Hollo inter), ka-ye; kye, kye-ho; W. n-<i ! Hollow adj. Kon-stoit. Hollow s. Kun, sbug(s); the - of the hand skyor. Holly sgom-Jbrog. Holy skal-lddn, dam-pa, a man, saim. skycs-bu dam-pa. Homage s. bkur-ba, bkur-sti; 'riin-<ir. resp. sku-rim. Home s. Kyim; to be at /;/////>-</// ^/>-></-/KI. 636 Homeless Impaired Homeless nes-med. Hone s. O dzen. Honest dran-po, cos dran-po. Honey sbran-rtsi, Tan-si W. Honour s. bkur-ba, bkur-sti; sti-stan; ya- sa; rim-gro, resp. sku-rim; gragspa,pu- dud. Honour vb. a. bkur-ba, mcod-pa, rje-ba. Honourable btsun-pa. Hood s. fod-Hebs. Hoof rmig-pa. Hook s. kug. Hookah (Turkish pipe) ci-lim; resp. ze- Hoop s. san. \JiorC. Hoopoe pu-sud. Hope s. re-ba; blo-yden, blo-ytdd; vb. to re-ba, Horizon mfon-Jcvr. Horn rwa, ru. Hornet lin-gol-ma. Hornless Ku-yu. Horse s. rta, resp. cibs; black ^ol-ba; dung rta-sbans ; tail rta-rna ; whip rta-lcag. Horseman rta-pa. Horseshoe rmig-lcdgs. Hospital nad-kan, fsugs-Jcan. Host (number of men) dpun, pal-po-ce; (army) dmag. Hot fsa-ba, fsan; to be - fsa-ba; the time of the day dro 264. Hour cu-fsod 158; doable Kyim 47. House s. Kan-pa; Kyim', gron\ mtfar' sdum- pa C., nan] owner tcyim-bdag, Kyim- pa-pa; rent Kan-gld. Household yzis-mad\ bza-mi 497. Housekeeping so-tsis, so-tsigs. Housewife Kyim-fab-mo , Kyitn-bdag-mo. How ci 139, ci-lfar, ci-tsug, ga-zug, ci-ne Bal. ; much ga-fsod; (ci-}tsam. However ^on-kyari. Howl vb. nu-ba; (of animals) nur-ba. Howling s. (of a tempest) ^ur-sgra 500. Hug vb. a. Kyud-pa. Hum s. di-ri-ri 252; ^ur-sgra 500. Hum vb. Ji'rog-pa. Human mii; being skye-bo. Humble adj. gus-pa. Humbleness ycam-bu. Humidity bad. Humours (of the body) v. nyes-pa 191. Humming (noise) jur-jnr; of bees di- ri-ri, zi-ri-ri. Hump, Hunch s. rnog ; gye-gu. Hundred brgya. Hunger s. ltogs-pa; bkres-pa. Hungry Itogs-pa, bkr en-pa, bkres-pa. Hunt, Hunting s. kyi-ra. ' Hunt vb. a. rnon-pa, O cor-ba, ysor-ba. Hunter rnon-pa, kyi-ra-ba, lins-pa. Hurricane rlun-fsub. Hurry vb. grim-pa; rgyug-pa. Hurry s. tsab-tsub. Hurt vb. a. ynod-pa skyel-ba, ynod-pa, Kan-ba, fsugs-pa, O fse-ba. Husband s. Kyo, Kyim-fabs, Kyim-bdag:, skyes-pa; dga-grogs; bdag-po\ and wife (couple) Kyo-sug. Husbandry so-fs/s, so-fsigs. Husk s. Igan-bu, spun-pa, sbur-ma. Hut s. Ku-tu, pu-lu, spyil-po. Hydrophobia Kyi-smyon. Hypocrisy Ka-cos; sgyu-zog', fsul- cos. Hypocrite !>'a-ze mi mt 'suns-pa. I pron. na, ned, ned-ran 128, nos 130, bdag- nyid 268; I myself na-ran, ned-ran. Ice dar, cab-brom, gans, Kyags-pa. Icicle tfyags-sdon. I dea O du-ses; dmigs-pa. Identic mi-ynyis-pa 192. Idiocrasy nan 125. Idle adj. le-lo-can; kyan-kyoii W. If na 299, gal-te 68; but if ci-ste 140. Ignoble skye-ba dma-ba. Ignorance yti-mug, ma-rig-pa. Ill adj. and adv. (sick) nad-pa\ fed dnos- ndn\ bza-med', humoured skyo-ba; looking spus-med', luck rkyen; to be na-ba, Illness nad, na-ba, zug W. Illusion Jtrul-sndti, sgyu-ma. Illustrate O grel-ba; to - by parables dpes mfson-pa. Image sku; molten blugs-sku- Imagine vb. a. go-ba, sgom-pa, dmigs-pa, sems-pa; vb. n. snyam-pa. Imbecile glen-pa, han-lddn W. Imbibe )ibs-pa; to be imbibed t'im-pa. Imitate lad-mo byed-pa. Imitation lad-mo; Jbag. Immaterial (not existing) dnos-med, yzugs-med. Immeasurable fsad- med, yzal-du-med-pa. Immediate O pral, pral. Immediately mod-la, de ma-fag-tu 227. Immoderate f sod med. Immoral O col-pa, mi tsans-pa 445. Impaired nyams-pa. Impart Instant 637 Impart Q bogs-pa. Impartial pyoys-med. Im partiality mnya-in-pa-nynl. Impeded, to be Kad-pb. Impediment yegs, O gal-rkyen, bar-cod. Imperative mood jdams-nag O doms-pai fsiy 265. Imperishable mi-^iy-pa, rtay-pa. Impetuous nar-ma. Impious skal-med; sdiy-byed. Implements ca-byad, ca-lay, f/o-ca, yo- bydd. Impolite yyon-po; very Ka-yyoii-ct'. Imponderable yzal-du-med-pa. Importance Kay, /i r os, gal, do-gdl, ytsiys. Important Ici-ba, Kay -can, Jcos-can. Impose vb. a, (lay on) O yel-ba, skul-ba; (to deceive) O brid-pa, myo skor-ba. Imposture mgo-skor ; sgyu, no Ikoy ; rdzub. Imprecation nan ; by ad, byad-stems. Impress vb. (on the mind) Kon-du cud-pa; ycags-pa. Improper mi-ru/'t-ba. Improve vb. n. O pd-ba, fsen-ba. Improvement skyed. Impure skyuy-bro, ma-day -pa. In prep, na, nan-na. Inattention yyen-ba, y yens-pa. Inattentive mi O fsugs-pa. Incantation snags, ysan-siiays, yzuns. Incense s. kun-du-m, yu-yul, bduy-pa. Incessantly Jlor-yuy-tu. ryyun-cad-med- par, ryyun-du. IncJi sor-mo. Inclination yzuu-ba, bay- cags . Incline vb. n. (to lean) Jlra-ba. Inclined, to be (disposed) O dod-pa. Income sleb. Incongruous ya-ma-zun. Inconsiderate yzu-lum-can, blo-yros-wied. Inconstant col, mi O fsuys-pa, ^yur-ldog. Incorporeal Im-med. Incorrect skyon-can. Increase vb. a. sgro- dogs-pa, snon-pa, spel-ba ; vb. n. rgyas-pa, Q pel-ba. Increase s. skyed, non-ka. Incredible misrid-pa, ^os^med W.; yid- Indecorous no-fsa. [ces-su mi run-ba. Indeed de-ka yod 255, mod-pa. I n d e f a t i g a b 1 y skyo- mi-ses-par. Indented con-con. Independence ran-dbdit . Index dkar-cay, ylen-yzi: fo. India ryya-ydr, British fyyn-j //-////. Indian s. rgya-gar-pa. India rubber gyig. Indicate ston-pa. Indication mfsan-nyid. Indifferent ston-pa; to be - to ... la mi Ita-ba. Indigence yyon, dbu /-////. ? fons-pa. Indigent dbul-po, dbul - O j Indigestion zas ma zu-lm. Indigo rams ; colour m tin . Indirectly zur-du, zur-na W. Indivisible mi-pyed-pa. Indolent ky<i/i-lc;/<'ii, W., rgod-bag-can. Indubitable yor-ma-cag-pa, yJ<>/i-ini-:<i- In duce skul-lm. Indulge in vb. n ;>///.<-/'; v. als med-pa 363 Industrious le-lam-hin W.-Jn-f son-pa-can. Inexplicable yya-nyes; it is totne rgi/u- mfsan mi ses or bsad mi nus. I n f a 1 1 i b 1 e mi-nor-ba. Infant cu-ma-lon Ld.; pru-gu cun-ba; boy K-yeu. Infect affo-ba, bsgo-ba. Inflammation O fsiy-pa; of the eyes miy-fsig (c<?) W. Inflate Jbud-pa ; pu O debs-pa. Inflection dyu-ba. Inflict skyel-ba. Influence s. dbaii; vb. a. skul-ba. Inform vb. a. sprin-ba, Ion zer-ba (' , hun tan-ce W. Information man-nag ; hun W. Infringe ^gal-ba. Infuse Q jug-pa. Infusion fan-gi sman. Ingenipus dmigs-can. Inheritance skal-nor, nor-skal. Inject jug-pa. Injure O fse-ba, ynod-pa. Injured nyams-pa. Inj ury ynod-pa. Ink snay-fsa; powder snay-pye. Inkstand snag-koh; ' :: nay-bhum* C. Inlet fso-ldg C. Inmate nan-gi mi. Inn ^gron-Kdn. Inner nan-gi 301. Innumerable grans-med-pa; tsaii-m<'<l. Inquire O dri-ba; to closely zib-tu </ri- ba; to rigorously *skar-tag tan-ce* W. Inquiry brtags-pa. Inquisitive rtogs - O dod-can. Insane smyon-pa\ to be O krul-l><i, nmyn- In sanity smyo-Jbog. \pa. Inscription byan-bu, by atl-ma; zal-ln/<i. Insect rkui>-<lrn<i-l<l<tn-pa; O bu. Insensible Kal-tfol : , to get Jcol-b. Inseparable mi-pyed-pa, Jbral-mnl. Insert O dzud-pa. Inside s. kon-pa, na/'t-rol. Inspect Ita-ba, ///>// /'///>/-/<// ( .n . :n/-f<r byed-pa 473. Inspection zal-ta, Instance dpe; for ^li-lto-xt, . <lj>, r-n<i. Instant s. dor, skad, yud. 638 Instantly Jointly Instantly mod-la. Instantaneous dar yciy-yi; O pral-yyi; yud-tsam-pa. Instantaneously ylo-bur. Instead dod-du; fsab-tu, sul-du. Instigate nar O don-pa. Instinct v. ran-bzin, v. suys\ sexual ro- tsa. Institute vb. a. Q dzugs-pa. Instruction bka-ydams, bka-nafr, /, : /vV/; zal-ta; instructions spy ad-mf sums 456. Instructive find - O debs-su run-ba. Instructor mlcan-po; instructress mUan- mo. Instrument ca-bydd, ca-lag. Insult vb. /cu-bct] Jcan-ba; fsig rtsub (or nan) zer-ba. Insurrection sde-ttrugs, /crug-pa. Intellect blo-yros. Intelligence (knowledge) rgyus; (news) ca. Intelligent sems-mtfan, blo-rno-ba. Intelligible tfrol-po; go-sla-ba. Intemperate fsod-med. Intend dyons-pa, dga-ba, ca-ba W., O dod- pa; sems-pa; sno-ba 137. Intent s. don, bsatn-pa. Inter vb. a. skun-ba. Intercalary month zla(-ba)-sol,*da-ful* W. 491. Intercessor no-cen 129. Intercourse Q brel-ba 402; to have O dre- ba, Ka-bsre-ba, sdeb-pa. Interest s. (money) skyed,par, bed; (con- cern) yzun-ba. Interfere Ka ^ug-pa. Interior s. Hog, Kon-pa, nan I 301. Intermediate bar 366. Interpret ^rol-ba. Interpreter skad-pa. Interstice bar, dbray. Interval bar-skabs, bar- fsdms. Intestines ryyu-ma, loh-lca, lon-ga. Into nan-du. Intolerable mi-bzad-pa. Intoxicated can-cem-can 154, ra-ro-ba 521, zi-can W. Intoxication bzi, ra-ro. Intrenchment rags, pay-rays. Intrigue s. gya-yyu. Introduce O dzugs-pa. Introduction (preface) srion - O yro. Inundate yyen-o~a, lud pa. Inundatjon cu Jtyam-pa, cu-nag, cu-riid. Inured v. sran-pa 580. Invective smad-pai fsig. Inveigh yse-ba, X r a kye-ce W. Invent dmigs-pa-nas bzo-ba\ bsam-blo or -mno byas-te ngrub-pa; blo-fabs O fsol-ba. Investigate Ita-ba, Ita-rtog byed-pa . Invincible yzan-gyis mi fub-pa 234. Invisible mi-snan-ba. Invite O dren-pa, ydan- Q dren-pa, spyan- O dren-pa\ sog zer-ba. Involuntarily ga-cdd, (ra/J) dbari-med- du. Inward nan-gi II 301. Iron s. Icags] ore Icags-sa; slag Icags- dregs. Iron adj. Icags-kyi. Irreligious skal-med, cos-med. Irresistible rgolmi nus-pa. Irritable rtse-reg- ce 440. Irritate * ' gob-non-co-ce* W., fsaii Jbru-ba. Isabel (horse) nan-pa. Ischury cu-gags 157. Isinglass nya-spyin. Island glin-prdn. Issue vb. n. ^ye-ba, O pro-ba. Issue s. bu-rgyud. Isthmus cu-bar, glin-lag-Jbrel 541. It pron. Jto 42, de 255. Itch s. (disease) rkon-pa. Itching s. O bun-pa. Itself pron. v. no 129; dnos-yzi 131. Ivory ba-so. J Jackal ce-spyan, dur-spyan, wa-spydn. Jackdaw r skyun-ka, Icun-ka. Jacket keu-rtse, ke-rtse. Jagged con-con. Jar s. rdza-bum. Jaundice mig-ser:, black Ksa-ya nag-po. Jawbone mgal, O gram-rus. Jealous ce-re, mig-ser-can. Jealousy gran-sems , cags-sdan, mig-ser. Jehovan ya-ho-wd. Jejune Ito-ston. Jelly (gelatine) O grig- grig C. Jessamine kun-da. Jesus ye-su. Jest s. ku-re, kyal-ka, Ka-sdf/s, ya-za. Jest vb. ku-re byed-pa; rtse-ba. J e t of water cu-mda. Jewel rdo-r)e; nor-bu; pra, O pra; rm-po-ce. Join vb. a. sgrig-pa, O dogs-pa, sdud-pa, sbyor-ba, sbrel-ba, zun sdebs-pa; vb. n. sdeb-pa; to (in singing) ram-bu O deys- Joined sbyor-la, zor-la. [/><i. Joint s. Jbrel-mfsams 402; fsigs 448. Jointly Joke Lampblack 639 Joke s. ku-re, kyal-ka, tea-sags, qa-za. Joke vb. rtse-ba. Journey s. lamM4; a day's - dyoris, dgoiis- zdg. Journeyman las-grogs. Joy s. dga-ba II 83, dga-bde, dga-fsor; iio- so, spro-ba II 337, b rod-pa. Joyful, to be mgu-ba. Joyous dga-mo. Judah ya-hu-dd. Judge s. Krims-dpon-, district yul-dpon. Judgment-hall bka-ysdgs. Jug cu-snod, ben. Juggler sgyu- ma-mKan . - -PB -.7 oi co- i>rul. Juice bcud, i-fxi. Jump vb. Jcrab-pa. J uuiper spa-ma. Jupiter (yzd}pur-bu. Just adj. dran-po, fsul-can 450. Just adv. v. ran no. 3 522; before Ka- dratl 35; by O gram-du 98; he, the very, fco-na 43; now ma-tag 227; so de-Ka-ltav 255. Justice v. Krims 50; ysagsbGi; chief - sag- dpon W. Jus tifi cation rnam-dag rtsi-ba 314. K Kalpa s. v. bskal-pa 33. Keep vb. a. O caii-ba, sruii-ba, skyon-ba 31; to - back O gegs-pa, ski/il-ba; to in mind O cah-ba\ vb. n. rten-pa 213. Keeper rdzi-bo 468 ; smii-mkan 583. Kernel rkan; rtsi-gu, fsi-gu. Kettle zans, zans-bu', drum rfia. Key Ide-mig- (pe-) ku-lig W. Khams v. Kama 39. Khatmandu v. /co-bom 43. Kick s. rdog-pa, O pra-sags. Kick vb. a. O pra-ba, v. also rdog-pa. Kid ra-gu, ri-gu W. Kidney mKal-ma. Kill y sod-pa, srog y cod-pa, resp. O gum-pa, O gem-pa. Kind s. Kyad-pw, rigs, sw316; mam-pa 313; bye-brag', of every sna-fsad. Kind adj. drin-can, byams-pa] to be - mfun-po byed-pa. Kindle dugs-pa, sbor-ba. Kindness drin , bka - drift brtoe-ba. King rgyal-po, rje-bo. Kingdom rgyal-Kams, rgyal- Kdg. Kiss s. ^o, ^u. Kiss vb. ^o byed-pa, Ka ytugs-pa, */ca lan- ce* W. Kitchen bkad-sa, yyos-tcah; fab-fsan W., sol-Kan C.\ garden Idum-ra W. Knag mdzer-pa. Knapsack Kab-fa-ka, /com', ci-ka W. Knead rdzi-ba. Knee pus-mo ; - joint sgyid-pa ; - pan Iha- iid. Knife gri. Knit sle-ba. Knock s. (the sound of knocking) tag-tog; there is a tag-tag zer W. Knocker ytun. Knot s. mdud-pa 273; mdzer-pa 463. Know ses-pa, no-ses-pa, rig -pa, resp. m fey en-pa, nes-pa C.; to by near t Ka- ton-du ses-pa. Knowledge rgyus, rig-pa, ses-pa. Known adj. rgyus-yod~pa, ca-yod-pa', not ytol-med, rgyus-mcd-pa, ca-med-pa. Knuckle s. sor-fsigs ; knuckles used as dice bloii-mo. Kunawar v. fcu-nu 40. Label s. byah-bu, byan-ma. Labour s. las, resp. prin-las, bzo. Labour vb. a. las byed-pa. Labourer las-pa. Laconic Ka-nyun, fsig-nyuii. Lad byis-pa. Ladder skad, skas-ka. Lade (water) O cu-ba. Ladle s. fum-bu, yzar-bu, cu-yzar, skyogs. Lady jo-mo, btsun-mo; of rank rje-ma, col. se-ma', young sem-cuii W. Lahul gar-za G7. Lair fsan. Lake mfso. Lama bla-ma; Grand - ^a(-ma) cen-po. Lamb lu-gu, lug-gu. Lame adj. za-ba, za-bo, rkan-rdiim. Lamed g rum-pa. Lament vb. n. smre-ba, mya-nan byed-pa, co-ne debs-pa. Lamentation co-Ac, ^o-< /<></. Lamp mar-me, sgron-ma, 'on-gu, *ziim- mar-pa* C., rkyon-tse W. Lampblack sgron-drcgs. 640 Lampoon Life Lampoon s. sqo-yig. L an d s. (cultivated) kluns ; (dry land) skam- sa; owner zin-bddg. Landlord (of a house J bran-dpon; (of the ground) sa-bddg. La n d s c a p e sa-ynds. Landslip sa-riid. Lane lam-sran. Language skad, sgra', master skad-pa. Languid nyams-cun, nyams-fag-pa, ycoii- ba C., sed-med W. ; to get rgod-pa. Lantern sgron-ma, paper jgoh-zu. Lap s. (coat-tail) grwa', (bosom) pan, resp. sku-pdn. Lard s. grod-fsil. Large rgyas-pa, cen-po, rgy a- cen-po, yans- pa. Lark co-ga, lco-ga', ca-cir Ld. Larynx Ikol-mdud, 'ol-mdud. Last adj. rjes 181, fa-ma 226, pyi-ma, rtin- ma W.; night mdair, will Ka-cems, bka-cems ; year l?a-nin, sna-lo, na-nin. Last vb. n. O fso-ba. Lasting adj. rtag-po. Lastly mfar 240. Latch s. Ji'or-gydg, Jlor-yya. Late pyi-mo', later (subsequent) pyi-ma', to be late O pyi-ba. Lately da-ci, *de-zag-la* 275. Lath Icam, pyam. Lathe skor-spydd. Latter pyi-ma. Lattice dra-ba. Laudable stod-^os. Laugh vb. n. dgod-pa, rgod-pa, bzad-pa. Laughter gad-mo, rgod. Laurel, - leaf *sm-fsc lo-md*W. Law krims, bka-Krims', to go to *fim zu- ce* W. Lawsuit Urims, Krim-sdgs. Lawyer Krims-pa. Lax adj. kyom. Laxative s. bsal-smdn. Lay vb.a. snyol-ba, sgyel-ba, bsnyal-tebzag- pa\ O grems-pa; to - aside skyun-ba, O pud- pa\ to on O gel-ba, stad-pa', to out (to expend) skyag-pa, Q dzugs-pa ; (to plan) O god-pa; (to display) ycal-ba', to over (to spread over) sgron-pa; to up bkri- ba, bdog-pa. Layman Kyim-pa, gan-zdg-, mi-nag skye- bo 29. Laziness le-lo, le-lo-nyid. Lazy le-lo-can, kyan-Kyon W. Lead s. za-nye, za-ne, ra-nye; rin-diW.; pencil yya-fig, Q bri-smyug. Lead vb. a. Jtrid-pa, fog O dren-pa, sna O dren-pa. Leaf lo-ma. Leak vb. n. rdol-ba. Lean adj. skam-si, skem-po, zag-med. Lean vb. (against) snye-ba. Leap vb. mcon-ba, O par-ba. Learn slob-pa. Learned adj. m/cas-pa. T > .Learning s. rig-pa, ses-pa. Lease s., to take a nyo-ba. Leather s. ko-ba, ko-lpags, bse- - shoe ko- krdd; sieve ko-fsag. Leave s. ynan-ba\ of absence bka-bkrol, dgons-pa', to take v. pyag 347. Leave vb. jog-pa, yton-ba, Jbor-ba. Leaven s zo-riW. ; v. ru-ma 531. Lecture s. glen-brjod, glen-mo. Lecturer sgrog-pa-po', -'s chair cos-Kri. Leech s. Krag- fuii- buW.', srin-bu pad-ma. Leek sgog-pa. Left adj. yyon-pa; hand yyon-ma\ handed yyon-lag-byed-pa', gyog-po. Leg rkan-pa. Legalize bkar- dogs-pa. Legend sgruiis. Legendary tales rnam-fdr. Leisure Ion, cog-ka', to have cog -pa. Lemon gam-bu-ra, spyod-pdd. Lend yyar-ba. Length dkyus, rin-Kydd, srid. Leopard yzig', snow ysa. Leprosy rtio, mdze. Lessen vb. n. O grib-pa', je-nyuii je-nyuh- bar O gyur-ba. Lesson s. Ka-ta, resp. zal-ta\ rgyugs W. Lest conj. v. dogs-pa 258. Let vb. (to in, to loose etc.) yton-ba; jug-pa II, no. 2 178. Letter (of the alphabet) yi-ge; (epistle) yi-ge, resp. bka-sog; case yi-gei subs. Lettuce Idum. Level vb. a. snyoms-pa. Lever yso-mo. Liar /cram-pa, zog-can. Libation m cod-pa, mcod-ston 166. Libel s. sgo-yig. Liberal mig -yd/is. Liberate O grol-ba. Liberty far-pa, ran-dbdn', to be at cog- Libidinous cags-sred-can, O col-pa. Librarian deb-fer-pa. Library kun-dga-ra-ba; yig-Kan. Lick vb. Idag-pa. Lid fca-fcebs, Ka-gdb, fca-ycod, Ka-leb; cab- ma. Lie s. rdzun, sob, sab-sob W. Lie vb. (to tell a lie) rdzun smra-ba orbyed- pa. Lie vb. (down) nyal-ba; to with *fig-pa co-ce* W., bso-ba. Life srog, O fso-ba, yson-pa, fse 450; long nam Jsoi bar-du. Lift Lynx Lift vb. ker-ba, Kyog-pa, O degs-pa, spor-ba, O pyar-ba, sen-ba. Light s. ^od, snan-ba. Light adj. (not heavy) yan-po; (not dark) skya-bo; blue sno-skya; gray dkar- skya; green Ijan-skya; red dkur- dmar; yellow scr-skya. Light vb. a. sgron-pa, sbor-ba. Lightning s. glog, glog-ka, fog. Like adj. (similar) mnyam-pa, mtsuhs-pa, (sogs-se W.; adv. (in the same manner) Ita, Itar. nan-tar W. C. Like vb. a. ... la dga-ba. Likelihood no. Likeness bzo, zo. Likewise yari. Liuib yan-lag. Lime rdo-zo. Limit s. mfa, mu. Line s. fig; yig-pren. Lineage brgyud, rigs, rigs -brgyud, rus, rtts-pa. Linger O gor-ba. Lining s. nan-sa. Lion seti-ge; lioness seh-ge-mo. Lip />'a-lpdgs, mcu, Ka-mcu. Liquid s. Ku-ba, rlan-rlon. List s. fo; of goods rjed-bydh. Listen nyan-pa. Literature cos, rig-pa. Litter s. (palanquin) Had, tfyogs, Jcyogs; (bier) dgu-Kri C. Little adj. cun-ba, nyun-ba, pra-ba, pran, pran-bu, dman-pa. Little s. (a little) cig, cun, cun-zig, fig- fsdm, fsa-big, 'a-fsigW., a-liC.; adj. cun- ba. Live vb. n. (to be alive) yson-pa 591; (to dwell) ynas-pa 310, 9 dug-pa 277, Jfod-pa 56; (to behave) O grul-ba 100; to by or on za-ba 485, O fso-ba 460. Lively ycan-po, Ilram-pa. Liver mcin-pa 165- Lizard skyin-gor, da-byid, ryag-ciyLd.lQS, ma-la-la-tse Ld. 409. Load s. Kal, /cur, rgyab, rgyab-Kal 107, sgal 114, dos 260. Load vb. a. O gel-ba, Jtcl-ba. Loadstone Hab-len. Loaf kor-kor, dog W. 257. Loan s. skyin-pa, resp. kar-skyin. Locality ynas, skye-ynds 28. Lock s. (of hair) ral-pa. Lock s. (of a door) Icags, *go-caa* C., ku- ligW. Lock vb. a. y cod -pa; to up O gegs-pa; gar-te orgyan-du bor-ce W., v. ayyon-ba 119. Locust fsa-ga- Q bu, ca-ga-Jbu. Lodgings ynas-fsan, O bran-sa. Log dog W. Logic (sad-ma, rigs-pa. 641 Loiter Q gor-b<t. Lonely dben-pa. Long adj. riii-ba, ^//;////s- ////: a.s as v. bar 366. Long vb. n. rkam-pa, skam-pa, yduii-ba, zen-pa. Look vb. (to view) Ita-ba, resp. yzi<i*-i>a; (to appear) snan-ba; to at or on Itos- pa; to down upon O gyin-ba; to upon as sgom-pa. Look s. Ita-stans, no; out so, bso. Loose adj. kyom, Ihod-pa. Loose, Loosen vb. a. glod-pa, c grol-ba. Looseness Kru-ba. Lop vb. a. ^rum-pa. Lord s. mgon-po, jo-bo, rje-bo, dpon-po, dban-po, ytso-bo; of the manor yzi- bddg. Lose rlog - pa , Q bud - pa W.; to colour dkyug-pa ; to be lost stor-ba. Loss gud, gun, god, god-pa, god-^ma. Lot s. (fortune) skal-ba, resp. sku-skdl; las- bskos (v. sko-ba}; pya; to cast lots mo O debs-pa, rgyan rgyab -pa 107, rtags-ril btan-ba W. 212. Lotus ku-mu-da, pad-ma 322. Loud mfon-po, skad cen-po. Louse s. sig. Love vb. a. cags-pa, *cags-zen co-ce* W., ydun-ba, O pren-ba, brtse-ba, mdza-ba 461, *zen- dzin co-ce* W., yces-par byed-pa or O dzin-pa. Love s. cags-pa, snyin-brtse-ba, resp. fugs- brtse-ba, duns-pa, dran-sems, byams-pa, byams-sems. Lover O dod-grogs, mdza-grogs, bzaii-grogs; O dod-m/can. Low dma-mo, dman-pa; snyan-pa. Lower adj., part of a thing smad, sam, ysam, sod; -- of the body ro-smdd. jowland smad, man-cad. juck s., good sis, bad rkyen. jucky bkra-sis-pa. .uggage ca-ldg. jukewarm mal-la-mul-le. juminous ^od-can. j u m p goh-po, gon-bu, gog, dog. junar zla-bai; mansions rgyvr+kar m. junch, Luncheon s. dro 264. Lungs glo-ba. Lurk sgug-pa, Jab-ste sdod-pa, Ikog-jab byas-te Ita-ba. Lurking-place bskuns-sa. Lust s. O dodrpa, O dod-cags, cays-pa, ro-tsa. Lustful cags-sred-can, O col-pa. Lustre bkrag, Lynx dbyi, yyi. U 642 Mace Meagre M Mace (club) ga-da. Machine O pnd-J?or. Mad smyon-pa; to be smyo-ba. Madam, dear bzin-bzan-ma. Madder btsod. Madness Jh'id pa, smyo- bog. Magazine f son-Jean, mdzod. Maggot sa-Jbu. Magic s. O pml; adj. O pml-gyi; sentence yzuns; tricks co- prul; wheel O prul- Jcor. < Magician Q ba-po. Magistrate O go-pa, go-yodLd.; village yul-dpon. Magnificence rnam-pa, dpal, dpal-byw, by in. Magnolia tsam-pa-ka. Magpie skya-ga, ka-ta Kra-bo. Maid, Maiden bu-mo; lady's zal-ta- ma; servant Kol-mo, yyog-mo. Mail (armour) /crab, ya-ldd. Maim vb.a. pran fcod-pa, sug-pa O dreg-pa. Main adj. incog , v. also yzun; dogma ysun-mcog; ~ point don 259, ynad; - substance no-bo-nyid. Maintain smra-ba, O dod-pa, resp. bzed-pa; smras-pa-la brtan-par ynas-pa. [tsdb 375. Mai trey a byams-pa mgon-po 109; rgyal- Majestic rnom-bag-can, yzi-brjid-can. Majesty riia/m-pa, rnom-brjid. Make vb.a. byed-pa, eleg. bgyid-pa, resp. mdzad-pa, sgmb-pa, O ca-ba, bzo-ba, )iLg- pa, bco-ba; to be made O y rub-pa. Maker mdzad-po. Malabar ma-la-ya. Male adj. po\ child Kyeu\ bu; person skyes-pa. Malediction byad, byad-stem(s). Malice ynod-sems. Malicious blo-nyes. Mallow cam-pa ta-lo. Man s. (human being) m, rkan-ynyis-pa; lans-gro, skye-bo, skyes-bu, gan-zag'; (male) po, skyes-pa; servant Kol-po, bfan-fatt- waiting zal-ta-pa. Mane riiog, Itag-spu. Manger Kyi-yz6n\ bres. Manifest adj. mnon-pa. Manifestly rios-su. Manifold sna-fsogs, sna-mati-ba; pal-cer. Mankind skye-bo, skye-dgu, skye-rgu-, mi- rabs, mi-rigs. Manly Kyo-gai; age dar-ma. Manner fsul, lugs, rnam-pa no. 4,313; stabs, stans, sgros, cos no. 5, 163. Mansion, lunar rgyu-skar 111. Manufacture s. bzo. Manufacture vb.a. ^od-pa^sgrub-pa, bco- ba, bzo-ba. Manure s. hid; vb. a. lud ytoh-ba. Many maii-po, du-ma, dgu, a good ga- cen: how ? du; so de-snyed. Map s. bkod-pa, ziii-bkod W.; *&a-fa* C. Maple yya-li Sik. March vb.n. ^grod-pa, Q gnd-ba; to -about O grim~pa. March s. rkait-grds. Mare r god-ma, mo-rta. Margin nos, zur, mfa. Marigold gur-kum. \bkur-sti. Mark s. rtags, mfsan(-ma)\ of honour Market fsoti- dus; place fowm. Marmot pyi-ba, Q pyi-ba. Married adj., a man or woman Icyim- tab\ a woman bdag-tu byas-pai bud- med; to get (both of man and woman) Kyo-sug-tu O du-ba 276; (of a woman) mi zig-gi cun-mar byed-pa 159. Marrow rkan; no-bo-nyid; spinal klad- yzun. Marry vb. a. (to take a wife) cun-ma len- pa; (to unite in matrimony) Kyo-sug-tu sdud-pa. Mars mig-dmcu'. Marsh gram-pa; O dam. Marvelous (no} mfsar-ba 456; v. also ya- mfsan-po 505. Mask s. Jbag. Mason rtsig-bzo-pa. Masquerade O bag- cam. Mass (lump) yoti-po, (heap) puh-po, (bulk) Ihun, (multitude) fcrod-pa. Mast (flag-staff) dar-po-ce. Master mgon-po, mna-bddg,bdag-po, dpon- Mat s. stan. [po. Match s. (equal) Ka-ya, do; v. car 156; v. ya 504; (lunt) pa-til, pa-til. Matchless O gran-zla-med-pa, O gran-ya- mcd, do-med, mfsuns-med. Mate s. (companion) do-zla; ya-do W. Material s. rgyu. Material adj. dnos-can, yzugs-can. Mathematician rtsis-pa. Matter s. (substance) rgyu, dnos-po, rdzas, zafi-zin; (in physics) bem-po, yzuc/s ; (pus) cu-ser, cu-rnag, mag. Matter vb.n.; it does not can mi str>: what does it ? ci sto. Mattock Q ior, tog-tse. Mattress sob-stdn. ]\Iaw Ikog-sog, ze-biig. Maxim bka-rtags. Meadow span, span-po, ne-fdn, ne-ma. Meagre skem-pa, rid-pa. Meal Missive 643 Meal (flour) pye. Mean adj. </>/l-na. /(n-pa, btsog-pa. Mean \b.go-ba, snyam-pa, O durte*-pa\yia*- pa 510. Meaning s. bsam-pa, resp. dgo/ts-pa; don. Means s. grabs, fabs; by all ties -par, f/aii-gis kyan, cis kyan; by no re-skdn; by what ? cis; by of sgo-?ias 115 Measure s. skar-fsdd, bre, fsad, fsod; to take skad-ce, fsod O dzin-pa; measures (arrangements) grabs; to take grabs byed-pa. Measure vb.a. jal-ba, dpog-pa, fsod dzin- pa, nyams-len-pa, ysor-ba. Meat s. sa, resp. skrum', za-ba, resp. bzes- pa; dried skam-san; and drink bza- btun ; jelly sa-spyin; pie mog-mog W. Mecca ma-lcd. Mechanic s. bzo-pa; mechanics' institu- tion bzo-grd. Meddle lea ^ug-pa, fc-ba. Mediator bar-mi. M edicine sman. Meditate sems-pa, resp. dgotis-pa, Ita-ba, sgom-pa, bsam-mno byed-pa, resp. fugs- bsam yton-ba. Meditation sgom, sgom-pa, rnal-' byor. Medley cag-ga- cog-ge. Meet vb. a. fug-pa, O prad-pa, mjal-ba', vb. n. O dzom-pa; to go to ydan- dren-pa. Meetin g s. O du-ba, O dus-pa; house O dun- li'aH, fsogs-fean; place O dus-sa. Melody mgur, dbyans. Melon ga-gon. Melt vb.a. Ju-ba, zu-ba; melted, molten zun-pa, zun-mo; melting-spoon zu-kyog. Member yan-lag, fsigs 448. Memorandum-book rjed-fo. Memorial stone rjed-rdo. Memory dran-pa. Menace vb. O gam-pa. Mend vb. a. glan-pa. Mendacious Kram-sems-can. Mendicant adj. spran-po; friar spran- bdn. Menses, Menstruation Krag O dzag-pa, zla-mfsdn. Mention vb.a. ^od-pa; to be mentioned (in a book etc.) Jbyun-ba. Merciful snyin-rje-can, resp. fugs-rje-can. Mercury (planet) lhag-pa', (metal) dnul- cu. Mercy snyin-rje, fugs-rjc. Mere Jba-zig. Merely sa-stag, sa-dag. Merit s. bsod-pa. Merry Krul-po, sems-spro-ba, spro-sems- can ; dga-ba, dga-mo. Mesh O gug(s~) W. Mess (dish) skyu-n'tm, spags. Message ;///'//. O prin, Ion, resp. bka-j'n-lit. Messenger p'o-nya, mi-x/n't. Metal ht-ba* Kamt; caste -* l>lu</x-ni<i. Metaphor nag-snydn, dra-(/j'<'. Meteor ke-tu. Method co-ga, tabs, fsul, lugs. Metropolis rgyal-sa, mfii. Mowing s. (of a cat) m&t^O. Mid-day nyin-gm'i, <I<iuii, ;</////>-. Middle s. dkyil, rked-pa, foris. <nia, <l</uii. dbus, yzun. Middle adj. bar-pa, bar-ma, bri/r, -finger kan-nia, gutl-ino. l><ir-ut<I:nl>. Midnight nam-fy&l, /ttfxtm-d/.-i/if. mt'mm- gu/l, mfsan-f n/<'< I. </</tn't, v. ijnii C,M. Midriff mcin-dri Midst s. ho its, dbus. Might mna, mna-fdii, dliaii^ ilhafi-fdii. M i g h ty ka -<//<></ , rgyas - pa , dbun - nut. btsan-po. Migrate O po-ba. Milch cow bzon-ma. Mild dul-ba, srun-pa, bsrun-/m. Mile dpag-fsdd. Milk s. zo, ^o-ma', sour ; -//' H'. rn-m<t C.; pail ^.0-20. Milk vb.a. c jo-ba, f o-ma ^o-ba, ^o-nm ^fsir-ba. Mi Iky -way dgu-fsigs. Mill s. ran- fag. Millet fere, ci-tse. Million sa-ya; ten bye-ba. Millstone Kod. Milt mcer-pa. Mind s. sems,blo,yid,nyams,snyiri,snyam- pa, ze, resp. fugs', to have a dga-ba, O dod-pa; to keep in dran-pa. yzo-ba. Mind vb.a. Ita-ba, ynyfr-Ka byed-pn P.H: never ! v. cis kyan 141. Mine s. Kuns, yter-lta. Mine pron. nai 124. Minister s. blon-po; prime bka-blnn. Mint (plant) dag-ci Lh. Minute s. cu-sran* Minute &d}. pra-ba, zih-jxi. Miracle Itas, ya-mfsan. Mirage dri-zai yron, mig-sgyu. Mischief skag, /tan; maker l>stan-x!<i. Miserable gyi-na, nan-pa, fu-/m. sduff- bsnal-can. Miserly bkr en-pa. Misery nyon-moiis-pa, zag-pa. Misfortune M/v/-//f/-.s/X //////. .S/V/(*M, nan, I > if iu\ byus. Mishap gal-i'hyi'n. Miss s. (young lady) .*///-<*///; M'. Miss vb. fal-ba, mi K8-pd. Missive s. /ika-iyyii, <>-</<'// n;i 644 Mist Mystic Mist na-bun, rmugs-pa. Mistake s. O firul-pa, Jcrul-yzi.^gol-sa, nor- ba, O dzol-pa. Mistake vb. nor-ba, Jfrul-ba. Mistaken adj. Jtrul-ba, Jcrul-pa. Mistress (instructress) mtian-mo; (head of a household) jo-mo , dpon-mo; (lady) btsun-mo 435- Mix sdeb-pa, spel-ba 331, sre-ba; to be mix- ed with O dre-ba. Mixture spel-ma, sbyor-ba II no. 2, 406- Mock vb. fo- fsam-pa. Mode (manner) skabs, stabs, lugs. Model s. dpe 327. Moderate adj. Jbrin, f sod-can. Moderately Q brin-gis; ran-par. Modest Kan-man, k ram-pa, O dzern-bag can. Modesty Krel, Krel-yod, /crel- dzcm. Mohammedan, Mohammedanism kla- klp. Moisture bcud, bad. Moment skad, bsgan, yud. Monastery dgon-pa, cos-sde, gm-a-sa. Monday yza-zla-ba. Money dnul, nor; ready rnags; smar- ba, smar-rkydti; changer nor-bdag. Mongol sog-po. Monk gnca-pa, myo-reg, cos-pa. Monkey spra 335, spre, spreu 337- Month zla-ba; intercalary da-fidW. 51. Moon zla-ba, zla ; full nya-ryyas zla-ba ; half i. e. first und last quarter da-ped W. ; new zla-ndg 491 ; waxing and wan- ing no, nos v. no no. 5, 129. Moral adj. fsul-can, fsul dan mfun-pa; mfsul-krims-kyi', dge-bai^ cos-kyi\ also sems-kyi, yid-kyi; doctrine cos no. 2,163. More lhag 600. Moreover del sten-du 222. Morning sna-dro, sna-moW., nan-mo; the next fo-rdns, nan-par; this da-nan; yesterday If a -nan; twilight skya- rens, skya-6d W. Morrow, to san, fo-re W. Mortal s. mi(i}-bu; adj. (perishable) zin- pai; mi rtag-pa; (deadly) srog-len. Mortar (for pounding) mcig; (short can- non) sgyogs ; (cement) )im-pa, ka-lag W. Most kun-las lhag or man^po; v. also pal- cer 342. Moth mug-pa. Mother ma, resp. yum; 'a-ma; in law sgyug-mo; gyos-mo. Motherless mas dben-pa. Mother-of-pearl nya-pyis. Motion ^ul-ba, yyo-ba*. Motionless adv. ma yyo-bar, ma ma y yens-par. Motive rgyu. Mould s. (form) par 323 : (fungus) ham-pa. Mould vb. a. Q god-pa, O cos-pa, O day-pa 274. Mouldy ham-por cags-mlcan W. Mound dur-pun 254. Mount vb. zon-pa, resp. O cib-pa. Mountain ri; pass la; pasture O brog. .Mourn my a- ft an byed-pa. Mournful m\ja-han-qyi; ' song skijo-glu. Mouse s. byi-ba, tsi-tsi; sa-bi-Ug W. Mouth Ka, resp. zal. Mouthful s. cor-gdn, cor-ciq. Move vb. a. skyod-pa, sgul-ba, yyo-ba; to to and fro yyeii-ba 518; *srul-ce*W. (v. srul-ba 583); vb.n. rgyu-ba, O gul-ba, resp. O cags-pa 167; to a little nur-ba 305: to on ^gro-ba; to quickly to and fro O gyu-ba 96; to round skor-ba. Mow rtia-ba, r hob-pa. Much drags, man-po, rab; as as ga-tsam W., team 430; so O di-snyed. de-snytd; very man-drags, sin-tu man-po. MucuS snabs, lud-pa. Mud ka-lag, Jim -pa, O dam, iner-ba, nkab. O dam-rdzdb; floor skijai<-nt'd. Muddy man-mun. Mulberry ^o-se. Mule dre, dre-po, dre-mo. Multiply vb. a. sgyur-ba, sgnl-ba, sgrc-ba, spel-ba, O pel-ba. Multitude Jirod-pa. kront. <hna<!. yseb. Murder vb. a. ysod-pa; s. yxo<l-) <(><(. Murderer y sod-by ed. Muscle (anatomy) sa, nya. Muse vb. n. rtog-pa. Mushroom sa-mo, mog-sa W. Music rol-mo. M usk gla-rtsi; bag yla-bai Ite-ba; deer gla-ba. Musket me-dd C.; ball rdeu, nh 1 . Mustard ske-fse, skye-fse, yuhs 512. Mute adj. Ikugs-pa, han-lddn W. Mutter vb. a. sam(j-ma) sum(-me) zer-ba W.; to prayers ma-ni tan-ce W., zla- ba, zlo-ba 491. Muzzle s. Ka-mfsul, mfsul-pa. My pron. nai, eleg. bdag-gi, ned-kyi. Myriad ($ig-)Kri. Mystic s. rgyud-pa. Nail Number 645 N Nuil s. yzer, zer, pur-pa; a little yzi-ru, yzer-bu; of a linger or toe sen-mo, ivsp. pyag-sen, zabs-sen. Naked sgrcn-mo, ycer-bu, rjen-pa. Name s. min, resp. mfsan. Name vb. min y togs-pa, skad-pa, O grag-pa, zer-ba. Namely de-yan, de ^aii; Q di-lta-ste. Nape Itag-pa. Napkin Ka-p tji's, lag-pyi&, pan-l>'eb. Narcotic adj. smyo-byed. Narrative s. lo-rgyiis. Narrow adj. pal-med, zen-med, dog-pa. Nasty btsog-pa, (b)rtsog(s)-pa. Nation mi-brgyud 124, sde 295, rigs 527. Native s. yul-pa Native-place yzis-ka. Natural dnos-ma, ma bcos-pa. Naturally raii-bzin-gyis, ysis-kyis 5G5. Nature nan, cos-nyid, no-bo-nyid 129. Naught (cipher) m/ca. Naughty n a-rgyal- can, Nauseasywr-6ro-6a, Kam-log, Kams-rmyd. Navel Ite-ba. Near adj. nye-ba', adv nye-bar, rtsar 437, (jram-du\ rgyan fuh-ba; Idan-la, Idan-du 289; to be nye-ba, rten-pa 214. Neat adj. sdug-pa, sdug-gu. Necessaries s. yo-bydd. Necessary adj. dgos-pa, rigs-pa 528; to be dgos-pa. Necessity dgos-pa. Neck ske, mgui\ mgul, mgrin-pa, ^jin-pa; ynya-ba- cloth Ka-dkri, Ka-ras. Neckerchief dkri-ma, m,gul-cins. Necklace ske-cd. Need s. gyoit. Needful dgos-pa. Needle Hab, O tsem-Kdb. Negative s. dgag-pa 94, ^ag-pai sgra. Neglect vb. O gyin-ba, ... /a mi Ita-ba. Neigh O fser-ba. Neighbour Kyim-mfses, pa-rol-po. Neighbourhood sa-pyogs, yul-pyogs. Nepal bal-po, bal-yid. Nephew fsa-bo, resp. dbon-po, dbon-srds. Nerve cu-rtsd. Nest fsan. Net rgya, rgya-mo, dol\ work dra-ba. Nettle zwa. Neutralize O cin-ba. Never v. nam-yan 303. Nevertheless yin-kyan, yin-na yan W. New so-ma, ysar-ba, ysar-po. News ca, skad, p'rin, O prin, Ion, hun W.', good lon-bzdh. Nice sdug-pa. Night nam, mfsan-mo\ quarters Jbrait- sa, eleg. Mcix-hrd/i. iv<p. yziiit-liruir, - watcli fun. Nimble skyen-pa\ footed rkah-mgyogs- pa. Nine num. dgu\ ninth dgu-pa; nineteen bcu-dgu; nineteenth bcu-dgu-pa; ninety dgu-bcu', ninetieth dgu-bht-pa. Nip vb. a. gnim-pa. Nipple nu-ma 305, pi-pi. Nitre so-ra. No, none v. gan c,r. Nobility dpal no. 4, 326. Noble adj. drag-pa, btsun-pa, skye-mfo. Nobleman rje-bo, mi-drag-pa, no-no 30G. Noblewoman btmn-mo, se-ma W. Nod vb. a. (beckon) lag-brda byed-pa; *go kug tan-ce* W. Node, ascending sgra-ycan; descending ke-tu. Noise klag-cor, grog-pa, sgra, ^ur, ku, ku- sgra; made by thunder etc. cems-cems 161 : to make a Jlrol-ba. Noisome nam-pa. Nominate sko-ba, O col-ba. Nonsense cab-cob, cal-col; to talk ctd- col smra-ba. Nook ttug, Kugs. Noon dgun. North by an. Nose sna, *nam-fsul* W. Nostril sna-Kun. Not ma 408, mi 413, med v. mcd-pa 417. Notch s. Kram-Ka, nya-ga, Itofi-ga. Note s. mcan-bu, yi-ge no. 2, 508. Nothing can mi 138, ci mi 140; but sa- stag, col. lla-rkyan (v. rkyaii-pa}; O ba-zig 391- Notice s. rgyus, ca, Ion; to give Ion sprifi-ba. Notion du-ses. Notwithstanding ^on-kyan 502. Noun substantive dnos-min 131 Nourish O fso-ba, yso-ba. Nourishing adj. nyams-brtas bytd-pa. Nourishment zas. Novice dge-bsnyen 85. Now da, da-lta, yzod, ^o-nd 500; and then bar-bar-du or la; just - ma-fdg 227; not until da-yzod 247. Nowhere v. cir 141. Noxious mi-dgos-pa, nyes-pa, ydit(/-/><i. Null adj. sob, sog, ysob, ysog. Number s. graim. Number vb. a. b<]rit-l>(t, rtxi-lm. 646 Numberless Oppress Numberless bgran-yds. Numerous rgyas-pa. Nun cos-ma, btsun-mo, mo-btsim 435; jo- mo 173. Nurse s. (children's) md-ma. Nurse up vb. a. ysos skyed-pa, skyed srin- ba 30. Nutriment bcud. Nutritious bend-can, Ri-ba. O Oak ca-ra, be-&i&\ forest be-Krocl. Oar sky a, gru-Kyem. Oath yi-ddm, resp. fugs-dam, mna, bro. Oats ka-rtsam, yug-po. Ob e d i e n t bka nyan-pa. Ob ey Ka-la (or resp. gal-la) nyan-pa. Object s. ynas, rdzas, zan-zin, dnos-po 131 ; of perception yul 513 ; mental dmigs- ytdd. Oblation mcod-pa, sbyin-pa 405. Oblige (compel) v. nan-gyis 303. Obliged, to feel drin-dran-pa. Oblique tfyom-Kyom, yo-ba, san-Ka. Oblong nar-mo, kyon. Obscuration sgrib-pa 120. Obscure adj. mun-pa, go-dka-ba 71. Obscure vb. a. sgrib-pa; obscured dkrigs- pa, rmon-ba, rmons-pa. Obscurity mun-pa. Observe sruii-ba, . . . la Ita-ba I no. 3, 216. O bstinate kyon-po, go-fag-can W. (\\i.mgo- mKregs-can). Obstruct O gegs-pa, bcur-ba. Obstruction bgegs, ^gag. Obtain sgrub-pa, rnycd-pa, fob-pa, len-pa. Obviate y cod-pa, zlog-pa. Occasion s. rkyen, glags, skabs; on of skabs-su. Occupy O dzin-pa no. 3, 465. Occur c gyur-ba, O fon-pa, ^oii-ba. Occurrence rkyen, ditos-po. Ocean rgya-mfso. Odour dri, dri-ma. Oesophagus Ikog-ma. Of prep, kyi 6, nas 304, las 546. Off adv. par 341, yas 508. Offence sdig-pa\ to commit an nyes-pa, sdig-pa byed-pa. Offend Kah-ba, Jlu-ba. Offensive sin-tu fu-ba, mizim-pa', yid-du mi ^on-ba. Offer sbyin-pa. Offering s. mcod-pa, Q bul-ba, yon; lamp mcod-sdon; table mcod-Uri,mcod-stegs; house or place of mcod-Kan. Office ^gah-po. Officer O go-pa, blon-po. Official s. bka-blon, bka-ysags. Official adj. blon-poi, bka-blon-gyi; pa- per bka-sog. Offspring brgyud, ba-rgyud. Oh inter), ka, ka-ye, kye, kye-ma 7; oh very well! ,.0 lags-so. Oil mar, mar -nag W.; cake mar-gyi fsigs-ma; lamp 'un-gu. Ointment skud; byug-pa. Old road-pa, cen-mo W., rnyiii-pa, bcad- po; age rgas-ka; man rgad-po, - woman rgad-mo; squire gro-gra 63; to be rga-ba; to grow bgre-ba. Oleander ka-ra-bi-ra. Olive skyu-ru, ka-skyur-po Sik.; tree skyu-ru sin, Ka-skyur-poi siit Si/,-. Omen sna-ltds, Itas, rtags. Omit bsol-ba. Omniscient kun-mkyen. O n prep, tta-ru, fear 34, Ka-fog-la, ka-tod- la 35, dgaii-la, dgeii-la, sgen-la 114, fog-tu 237, na 298. Once (one time) lan-ycig; more ced-du, da-run, pyir, yan, slar; at v. car 139; (at the same time) pyogs ycig-la 352. One num. ycig, at a time ycig-cig 144; eyed mig-zdr; footed rkan-ycig-pa; the one the other ycig . . . j'cig, ycig-po. One pron. (French 'on') skyes-bu 31; an- other fcig-gis fcig\43>; by one's self ycig- Onion btson. \jty 144. Only adj. ycig-ka, ycig-pu 144; zad (v. O dzad-pa 464). Only adv. ka-rkyaii, (v. rkyaii-pa 17), sa- stag 555; Ico-na 43, fcig-tu 144 ; O ba-zig 391, man-no, mi 411, tsam 430 ; not ma zad- de 445. Open adj. pyes-pa, pyes-te, vulgo pe.-te; bkag-pa ma yin-pa. O pen vb. a. Ha O byed-pa, bgrad-pa; vb. n. O bye-ba, Ka O bye-ba. Opening s. Ka, bu-ga. Openly nos-su 130, mnon-sum-du 133; '- ysal-la W. 605. ' Opinion grub-mtd, Ita-ba, snan-ba; in my nas bltas-pas 216. Opportunity skabs, glags, rgyu, stabs, fobs, sa. Opposite Ka-dran, go-ldog; side par- Ka, pa-rol, par-nos. Opposition, to be or act in Q gal-ba c. las or dan. Oppress non-pa. Optical deception Park 647 Optical deception mig- krid. Or yan-na 506. Oracle gros - O dri-sa. Orally Ka-nas, col. Ka-na. Orange fsa-lum-pa. Orb Jcor-lo; of transmigration J,'or-ba 58. Orchard bza-sin-ra-ba, Idum-ra. Ordain bsnyen -par rdzogs -pa, bsnyen - rdzogs mdzad-pa 46'J. Order s. (succession) go-rim 71; to put in - som~pa, ytan-la O bebs-pa; (command) bka, bka btays-pa, bka-fa/i, bka-ynaii-ba; zal-yddms; hu-knmW.; (purpose) in to don-du 259, {njir-du 351 Order vb. a. (command) bka ynan-ba 13, sgo-ba 116. Orderly adj. fsul-mfun. Ordinarily rgyun, pal-cer. Organ (of sense) dban-po. Orifice Ka, bu-ga. Origin Kuns, byun-Kuns. O go-ma, fog-ma, cags-f&ul, rtsa-ba. Originate vb.n. fcrun-ba, cags-pa Ornament s. rgyan, cun-po. Orphan da-ping. Orthography dag-yig , yi-gei sdeb-sbyor, brda-sprod. Other yzan^ yzan-pa, yzan-ma, sos, ycig- sos. Otter sram. Ought v. rgyu 110- Ounce sran. Our, ours /'mi ]-_>!. /;///-//// 1-27. Out adv. pyir :',.')i. /\i/i-rol-tu 349; to be (mistaken) /> : ittl - ba\ out of prep, nas, koh-nas. Outcast s. ydol-pa. Outcry grags-pa. Outlet sgo. Outside s. Ka, piji-n>l. Outside adv. pyi III 349- Outward adj. pyii\ appearance ca-f>yi'nt. Over prep, gon-du, bar-snan or /a; bla\ against Ka-drait, fad(-ka); adv. to be (past) fal-ba II no. 5, 231. Overcome vb. a. fub-pa, non-pa: vb.n. sran-pa. Overflow vb. a. yyen-ba\ vb. n. lud-pa. Overhasty ha-cah riiis-pa, ha-can myur- ces-pa. Overseer skul-fcan, do-dam-pa, mgo byed- pai mi. Overshadow Keb-pa. Overtake snyegs-pa, ytug-pa. Overthrow vb. sgyel-ba, rlog-^i. Overturn vb. sgyel-ba, rtib-pa. Owl ^ug-pa. Own adj. ran-gi, nyid-kyi. Own vb. (possess) bdog-pa, dbah-ba; own- ing mha-ba. Owner mna-bddg. Ox glan, ba-glait. Pace s. gom-pa; O cag-pa, gom- cag-pa. Pace vb. gom-pa Jbor-ba. Pack vb. a., to on Jiel-ba', to up teg- pa. Paddle-wheel sku-ru. Padlock doit-pa. Page s. (waiting-boy) go-re-lon; sku-drun- pa, sku-mdun-pa-, of a book sog-logs. Pail zo-ba. Pain s. (bodily) zug, }'zug\ yzer\ (mental) mya-ndn 420, sdug-bsnal 294; to take pains O gru-ba, Jbad-pa\ brtson- f/ms byed-pa. Pain vb. a. O fse-ba; to be pained ydun-ba. Paint s. fson\ vb. a. skud-pa. Painter ) 'i-mo-mfcan . Painting s. ri-mo, fan-ka. Pair s. zun, dor. Pairing s. (copulation) Jcrig-pa. Palace po-bratt. Palanquin Jcyogs; *Kyog-cdn* W., *peb- tv/'/J* C. (v. dpy'an-ba 328). Palate dkan, rkan Pale adj. *kya-ko-re, kya-fe-re* 25. Palm s. (of the hand) lag-mfil, fal-mo. Pan (large) sla(>i)-na; (small) dra-zu; (flat) ta-ba. Pancake *ful-ta-gir* W. 234. Pan k ah (fan) bsil-ydb. Pannier y zed-ma. Pant vb. n. rnam-pa, dnaii-ba. Pap (porridge) skyo-ma, /co-lag. Paper s. sog-bu 563; a sheet of - gre-ga\ official bka-sog. Parable dpe 327, O dra-dpe. Paradigm dpe-br)6d. Paradise mfo-r/x Paragraph rnam-bca(l-/>n. Paralyze O cin-ba\ n Parasol ydugs. Parcel s. (package) fums 234. Parch r nod-pa, slam-pa. Pardon vb. a. (to use forbearance) pa 498; (to leave unpunished) </>/'><! rmo-ba, cad-pas mi yco</-/'" Pare koa-pa su-ba. Parenthesis yi-gei mcan-bu. Parents pa-m<i. Park skyed-mos-fsdl. 648 Parrot Petting Parrot ne-tso. Parsimonious sri-ses-Kan W. Parsley yze-ra C., sa-mi-lig W. Part s. ca, ca-sds, sas, mam-pa, lea, Hag, ga-sas, lhu\ in (partly) ca O dra tsam; at equal parts ca-snyoms. Part vb. a. O pral-ba; vb. n. O gye-ba, Jbral- ba. Partake ca fob-pa, fob-ca O dzin-pa^ bgo- skal fob-pa. Partaker * go-Kan* W. Partial (biased) nye-rin. Particle (grammatical) fsiy-prad. Particularly tfyad-par-du, mcog-tu. Partition dbye-ba; wall cod, bar-sky a. Partizan pyogs-pa. Partly ca tsam, ga-sas; v. also la-la 541; Ka-cig 34. Partner Jca-ya, ya, ya-do W., grogs, zla-bo. Partridge sreg-pa. Party (part) pyogs 352. Pas (in dancing) gom-pa. Pass vb. n. skyod-pa, Q grul-ba, rgyug-pa, rgyud-pa, O cor-ba, fal-ba: to away Jtor-ba, O da-ba, O bud-pa W.; vb. a. (to cross) rgal-ba, zla-ba; to over a certain space O da-ba. Passage (entrance or exit) sgo, lam. Passion cags-pa, O dod-cdgs, bag-cdgs. Passport bka-sog, lam-yig. Past adj. O das-pa; ages sna-rol] to be yol-ba. Paste s. skyo-ma; vb. a. sbyor-ba. Pastry Jcur-ba. Pasturage bzan. Pasture s. neu-ysin; land ^.ol-fd/i, Jbrog- ynas. Pat vb. a. Jbyug-jM. Patch s. lhan-pa; vb.a. lhan-pas O debs-pa^ glan-pa. Patience bzod-pa. Patient adj. bzod-pa-can. Patron mgo-skyon, mgo- a dren, mgon-po. Pattern dpe, ma, ri-mo. Pauper dbul-pom ; med-po, med- mo. Pavement skyan-nul. Paw s. spar-ba. Pay vb. a. sprod-pa, ^al-ba. Pay s. gla, pogs. Pea, pease sran-ma, srad-ma. Peace zod, dus-bde, zi-bde. Peach ka-fa ra, Kam-bu, bun-cu li. Peacock rma-bya. Peak )*tse(-mo). Pear nyu-ti, nyo-ti. Pearl mu-tig. Peasant groh-pa, gron-mi; kyim-pa-pa, zin-pa. Pebble rdeu, rde; cu-rdo; say-ma. Pedestrian rkan-fah-pa. Peel s. Kog-pa, sun-pa. Peel vb. a. Kog-pa su-ba, su-ba. Peep-hole so-Kufi 578. Peg rtod-pa, ydan-bu, pur-pa. Pen s. smyug-gu', knife smyug-firi. Pen vb. a. (sheep etc.) skyil-ba, ^gegs-jm. Penalty rgyal, ston. Penance dka-fub, dka-spyod; brtul-zugs. Pencil yya-fig, O bri-smyug\ pir. Pencil-cedar sug-pa. Penetrate Kyab-pa, O dzugs-pa. Penis m)e, sgro-ba C. Penitent adj. dka-fub, brtul-ziigs. Pent-roof car-sky ibs. People s. skyes-bu; common dmatis, smad-rigs. Pepper s. po-ba-n\ Guinea yyer-ma C'., *nyer-ma* or *fsan-te* or su-ru-pan-fsd W. Peppermint po-lo-liil W. Perambulate O grim-pa. Perceive rtogs-pa, fsor-ba, yid-la byed~paj rag-pa W., rig-pa. Perception go-ba, rtogs-pa- object of yul 513- Perfect adj. grub-pa, pun-fsogs, pul-byuii, tsan-ma, rdzogs-pa. Perfection dhos-grub; state of grub-pa. Perfectly fsai>, rdzogs-par. Perform byed-pa, sgrub-pa, bco-ba W., spyod-pa. Perfume s. spos. Perhaps gal-te-na, graii\ su ses, ci ses W. Peril s. nyen, bar-cod, Jtnd-so. Perimeter mfa-skor. Period dus-fsiys, dus-mfsams-, ynas-skabs; former snon-rol. Perish ^jig-pa, med-par ^yur-ba. Permission dyons-pa, bka ynan-ba\ with your zu W. 476- Permit bka ynan-ba', to be permitted cog- pa, run-ba. Pernicious nan-pa', ma-run-ba. Perpendicular gy en-la draii-po W. Perpetual rtag-pa. Perpetually rgyun-du. Persecute snyeg-pa, O ded-pa, ? fse-ba. Perseverance yid yons-su mi skyo-ba or mi ^gyur-ba. Persia ta-zig. Person gah-zdg. Personal dnos. Personally mnon-sum-du, dnos-su. Perspiration rnul. Pertinacious mgo-mKregs-can. Peruke skra-fsab. Perverse go-klog. Perversity pyin-ci-ldg. Pervert rlog-pa. Pestle ytun, dgog-tiii ' . Petting adj. mnyo-mnyo-canW. Petroleum Polish Petroleum rdo-snum. Petticoat mo-gos, Pewter dkar-yyd. Philology sgra-rig-pa. Philosophy nan-don-rig-pa 527. Phlegm bad-kan, lud-pa. Phlegmatic nan-brgyud nn-ba; dis- position *se-gya-dhal'wa* C. (lit. ses- rgyud dal-bd). Physician sman-pa; 'em-ci, 'am-ci; yso- ba-po 590. Piccolo- flute pred-glin. Pick vb. a. Jbyed-pa; to up sgimg-pa. Pickle s. skyu-rum. Picture s. bzo, zo, ri-mo', fan-ka, resp.zal- fan', of a saint bris-sku, sku-bris. Piebald Kra-bo. Piece s. cag-krum, cag-dum, dum, rnam- pa; a single zun 488; a small Jcol-bu; to fall to pieces rdib-pa. Pierce Jbig(s)-pa. Piety /crel; cos-la dga-bai sems. Pig pag. Pigeon pu-ron, pug-ron. Pigtail cu-tiW., Ican-lo C. Pilaw pu-la, po-la. Pile vb. a. sgril-ba, bcer-ba, rtseg-pa. Pilfer byi byed-pa. Pilgrimage, to go on a mjal-ba. Pill s. ril-bu. Pillar ka-ba. Pillow snas, snye-stdn, snye-Jbol. Pin s. ihit'-pa, O dzin-yya C., zwn-Kdb W. Pincers skam-cun. Pinch vb., the shoe pinches *Kab-sa dam dug* W. 297. Pious skal-ldan\ ttrel-can, cos -can, cos- sem-can W. ; cos-la dga-ba. Pise gyah, gyen 74. Pistol *me-dd* C'., *ran- bdr* W. Pit s. /%, fcuris, don. Pitcher cu-snod, cu-rdzd, ben, rdza-bum. Pitchfork zar. Pith ynad. Pitiable dman-pa. Pity s. snyin-brtse-ba. Place s. Kag, sa, sa-Kyad, go, yul-gru, yul, ynas, sa-ca, groh\ to take O gyur-ba, O byutl-ba. Place vb a. jog-pa, Jbor-ba, O dzugs-pa\ to be placed Rod-pa. Plague s . ynyan, O go-bai nad, O go-bai rims ', nan-rims, rims-ndd. Plaid yzan-gos. Plain s. fan\ nos. Plain adj. (without ornament) Jam-san, rgyan-med. Plaintiff *$m zu-fcan* W. Plait s. lan-bu; vb. a. lan-bu sle-ba; ycud- pa. Plan s. bkob-lta, bkod-pa', vb. a. //'" /-/'". Plane s. pag-ste W.; vb. a. *fag-std */v//- ce* W. Planet yza 492. Plank span, span-Ub. Plant s. sno, rtswa; vb. a. O dzugs-pa. Plantain skyes-sdon; ta-la Plaster s. (in surgery) Q byor-sman. Plaster yb.a. (to pave) skyaii-nul byed-pa. Plastering s. zal-ba 474. Plate s. glegs, gra-ti Ld., ta-bagW.; tin fa-li W. ; iron Icags-fdl. Plate vb. a. eus yton-ba 160. Play vb. (to sport) rtse-ba, rtsed-pa' to on an instrument Q Rrol-ba,skrog-pa', to a trick ynod-pa skyel-ba. Play-fellow rtse-grogs, grogs-tfyeu. Play-ground rtse-sa Pleasant sdug-pa, yid-du jn-ba', to be O fad-pa. Pleasantness Jcyer-so. Please vb. a. dga-bar byed-pa', vb. n. v. mttyen-pa 55; if you please zu 476; to be pleased dgyes-pa, bsod-pa. Pleasing adj. dga-mo, bsod-pa. Pleasure dga-ba, rtsed-mo, yyen-rtsed, rtsed-jo; snyin dga-ba or bde-ba', at ran-dgdr, yid bzin-du. Plebeian ma-rabs, pal-pa. Pledge s. rgyan, yta-ma, yte-pa. Pleiades smin-drug. Plentiful Krigs, rgyas-pa, mod-po; to be O dzom-pa. Plenty s. Ions-spy od. Pliable, Pliant mnyen-pa, mnyen-lcug, Icug-pa. Plough s. ysol', vb. a. ysol-mda O dzin-pa', rnio-ba. Pluck s. (of an animal) snyiii-luii. Pluck vb. sgnig-pa. Plummet za-nyei ytih-rdo. Plump Ikob; rom-po W. Plunder vb. O gog-pa, *kog-te Kiier-ce W. 95- Pock s. Jbrum-pa-, marked mdzar-ra- mdzer-re Ld. Pocket s. can-da, dku-mda, Kud-pa\ - book yi-gei subs', sam-ta, sab-dra', fire me-lcags', handkerchief na-ci C., na- pi W. ' Pocket vb. a. Jlur-ba. Pod gan-bu, Igan-bu. Poem nag-snydn', snyan-diiags. Poetry sdeb-sbyor. Point s. fseg, nag-fseg\ main don, ma- yzi; to be on the ca-ba; v. also las II extr. 546. Poison dug. Poker yog-po. Polecat sul-f>i/t. Polish vb. bdar-ba. 41* (i',0 Polished Print Polished adj. ,od-can. Politeness ze-sa. Pollute O bag-pa. Pollution grib. Pomatum sra-skiid. Pomegranate se- bru, seu. Pond rdziii. Ponder sems-pa, resp. dgons-pa', bsam-blo yton-ba. Pool cu-Kyil, Iten-ka. Poor dbul-ba, pons-pa, nan- pa, gyi-na, Kas-dmdn, Kas-zdn; the poor people! snyin-re-rje. Poplar dbyar-pa; ma-gal W.; ysol-jw, Popular mon-za-can W. Popularity mon-za W. Porcelain kar-yol, dkar-yol; clay Kam- pa. Porch sgo-Kdn. Porcupine rgan, by i- fur, yzig-mo. Pore spui Kun-bu, ba-spui bu-ga. Porridge zan 486- Portal sgo-Kdn. Portion s. skal-ba, ca 150, ca-sds; fsod, Ihu 601 ; of meat rgya-ri, sder-gdn. Position go 70- Positive adj. dnos. Possess, to be possessed of bdog-pa. Possessing adj. bcas-pa 146- Possession, to hold in O dzin-pa 465. Possibility glags, go-skdbs, rgyu, sa. Possible, to be srid-pa. Post s. (pillar) ka-ba. Posteriors rkub, mjug, pum-pum, sul-pa. Postillion rfa-zam-pa. Postpone bsol-ba, srin-ba. Postscript yan-skydr. Post-service ji-ldg 499. Post-station rta-zdm. Pot s. Kog-ma, rdza-ma, pan-dil W.; cloth fsa-lcibs; house can-Kan. Potato skui-ba, *kui-u* C., *dho-ma, qiia- dho* C. 78; 'a-lu W. Potency dban. Potsherd gyo-mo, cag-po. Pouch s. rkyal-bu, Kug-ma, Kab-ta-ka Ld. Poultry Kyim-bya. Pound vb.a. rdun-ba, Krum-Krum byed-pa. Pour Mugs-pa, O byo-ba, Jbo-ba. Poverty pons-pa, dbul-ba. Powder s. pye-ma. Power mna, mna-tdn, mfu, nus-pa. Powerful rgyags-pa, nar-ma, btsan-po. Powerless dban-med; to render dban- med-du Q col-ba. Practice s. lag -tin, resp. pyag-tin; lob- Kydd W. Practise vb. a. sbyo/l-ba. Praise s. snag-ysol; vb.a. snag-pa, stod-pa. Prattle s. col-cun. Pray vb. n. ysol-ba, zu-ba. Prayer ysol-ba-, mill cos-fcor, ma-ni-cos- Kor. Preach cos sgrog-pa, resp. cos-kyi syroq- glen mdzad-pa. Precede snon-du ^yro-ba. Preceding ma-ma, snon- gro. Precept bka-bsgos, bka-rtags, Krims, cos, ydams-pa, bslab-bya. Precious dkon-pa, yces-pa, rin-cen, rin- po-ce; the most - thing dkon-mcog 10. Precipitous yzar-ba. Precisely ran, Ico-na. Preface s. snon- gro. Prefect yul-dpon, mi-dpon. Preferable bla. Prefix s. snon-jiig, O pul(-yig). Pregnant sbrum-pa; sems-can dan Idan- ^a290. Preparation grabs, rgyu, sta-gon. Prepare som-pa, sbyor-ba I, no. 2,406; bco- ba W., dger-ba C., O ca-ba 168; to vict- uals for the table yyo-ba, yyos-su byed-pa. Prepuce mdun-pags, O dom-pags. Prerogative don. Presage s. sna-ltas. Presence, in oimdun-du, resp. spy an - snar. Present s. (gift) skyes, rten, zu-rten, resp. i yzigs-rten, Kyos-pa, bya-dgd, sbyin-pa. Preserve vb. skyoti-ba, skyob-pa, srun-ba. \ Press vb. bkan-pa, bcar-ba, glem-pa (.'., non-pa, O fsir-ba, to hard (in an inquest) tsir tag jhe'-pa C. Pressingly nan-gyis 303. Presume (arrogate) Kas-len-pa 34. Pretty adj. mcor-po, sdug-pa, dga-mo. Prevail on Jjug-pa. Prevent ^gogs-pa, y cod-pa, zlog-pa. Preventive s. srun-ba. Previous adj. stion- gro. Previously sna-na, sna-goii, siian, s/'nn\ snon. Price gon, fan, rin. Prick vb. a. snun-pa, O dzugs-pa 465. Pricking (pungent) rtsub-po. Pricks fastened to the feet for climbing mountains rkan-mdzer. Pride s. na-rgyal, dregs-pa, p'o-so, rlom-]"'. rlom-sems. Priest bla-ma. Priestcraft cos-zog. Priesthood dge- dun. Primary adj. v. rtsa-ba. Prime minister bka-blon. Prince rgyal-bu, rgyal-srds.' Principal adj. mcog, ytso-bo; part mgo. Principal s. mgon-po, ^o-dpon. Principally ytso-bor. P ri n t vb. par-du Q debs-pa, par rgyab-pa W. Printer Pustule G51 Printer par-pa. Printing-office par-Kan. Prison btson-Kan, fcri-mun. Prisoner btson. Private, Privately sgos. Privilege s. ynan-ba. Privities O doms, sba-ba. Privy s. cab-ttun, ysan-spyod, Prize s. (reward) dgu-mfsdn. Probationer dge-bsnyen . Proboscis glan-snd. Proceed O gye-ba, spro-ba; to let O gyed- pa 97. Proclaim bka bkod-pa, bka O doqs-pa, sqrog- pa, sgyur-ba W. Proclamation bka bkod-pa, bka btags-pa, bka - O dogs-pa. Procreate skyed-pa, bso-ba. Prpcure sgfub-pa, ynyer-ba, sbyor-ba, O fsol-ba. Produce s. fog. Produce vb. skyed-pa\ to be produced cags-pa. Product s. (sum total) brtsis-zin. Professor mKan-po. Profit s. skyed, Ke, Kye, don, spogs; pan- pa, pan-fogs, bed. Profitable drug, pan- O dogs-pa. Profound zab-pa. Prognostic s. sna-ltas. Progress s. skyed. Prohibit Jiegs-pa, O gegs-pa. Project vb. a. O god-pa; vb. n. fal-ba. Prolong bsol-ba, srin-ba. Prolongation stud-ma. Prominent, to be fal-ba. Promise s. cad; vb. cad-pa, Q ce-ba,Kas- len-pa, dam O ca-ba. Promulgate sgrog-pa, rjod-pa. Pronounce ? don-pa, rjod-pa. Pronunciation Icogs, zer-lcogs, zer-fsul W., klog-fsul, r)od-dbyans C. Proof s. mnon-rtdf/s, rtags, rgyu-mfsan. Prop s. rgyab-rten', vb. a. skyor-ba. Propagation sa-bon; dar-ba. Propensity bag-cdgs. Proper dtios 131; place go; timebsgan. Property yon-tan, Ions-spy od; left ml 561. Prophesy vb. lun ston-pa. Prophet lun-ston-pa. Prophetic sight mnon-ses, ^od-ysal, resp. fugs-mttyen. Propitious bkra-sis-pa, dge-ba. Proportion fig-fsdd, by ad. Propound rjod-pa, ston-pa, O cad-pa. Proprietor bdag-po. Prospect (likelihood) no 129, ca 151. Prosperity bkra-sis. Prosperous yyan-can. Prostitute s. ^pyon-ma, smatl-f^i/,-//ni. Protect skyob-pa, O gebs-pa, snin-ba, byed-pa. Protection .s-/;///.s. Protector ttyabs-mgfa] mgo-skyoii, mgo- Q dren, mgon-po; of religion cos-skyoii \\\. Proud Keits-pa, grags-can, rgyags-j>. (//'c'/.s- pa; to be snyems-pa. Proverb Ua-dpe. Provide sbyor-ba, yod-par byed-pa. Provided with (having, possessing) i-<ni 138, Idan-pa 290. Province Hag, Kul, sde, s<ir-*r/'<l: i/tt/-</i/i kyad-par. Provincialism groh-fsig. Provisions rgyags; srog-rdzas, resp. /,*>.*; store of ytad-so. Provoke nyams Jbm-ba, O fsan O bru-ba. Provost dge-bskos. Prudent mKas-pa, gruii-ba, rgo<l-/><t,xt/i-i/i- po. Prune vb. ^mm-pa. Ptarmigan goh-mo. Public s. yul-pa-rnams 513. Publication bkar-btags-pa , bka bkod-jxi. gram-yig. Publicly mnon-sum- du. Publish bkar- dogs-pa, sgyur-ba, sgroq-i <a . Puddle s. cu-Jfyl. Puff s. (ostentation) yus 513. Puff-ball Igo, pa-ba-dgo-dgo. Pull vb. a. O dren-pa, O f en-pa; to along O drud-pa\ to down snyil-ba, rfi/>-j><t, O dral-ba\ to off su-ba; to out O byin- pa, offog-pa. Pulpit cos-Kri. Pumpkin gon, cuit. Pungency ber. Pungent ber-can, rtsub-po, fsa-ba, fsan-i<-. Punish ^jun-pa, cad-pas y cod-pa 155. Punishment cad-pa, Krai, ga-sir Ld.,-god, dgra, Ian 543. Pupil (scholar) mKan-bu', slob -ma, slob- prug, slob-baris, bu-slob. Puppy Kyi-gu. Purchase vb. nyo-ba. Pure dan-ba, yfsan-ba, fsans-pa; lag-mo W.; ysal-ba, dga-mo, lhad-m<'<l, Purgative s. bsal-sman. Purge vb. bsal-ba. Purity ytsan-ba. Purpose s. dgos-pa, don-, on - brtson-/'(ii-. Purpose vb. dgons-pa, sems-pa. Purposely ced-du. Purr vb. n. nug-pa, v. ma-ni. Purse s. sgyiu, sgyig-gu, syyi'-mn. Pursue rnon-pa, snyegs-pa, O ded-/i . Pus (matter) cu-rna<j. nm<i. CU-90T. Push vb. a. rdegs-pa, O pul-btt, Pustule Jbrum-ii. 652 Put Realm Put vb. a. bkan-pa, O yod-pa, Jug-pa, jog- pa, Jbor-ba W.; to astride (e.g. in em- paling) skyon-pa; to down grems-pa, O grol-ba, syyel-ba, joy-pa; to in or into sgyoti-ba, cud-pa, jug-pa, teg-pa, O dzud- pa; to in order sgrig-pa; to off bud- pa , bsol-ba; to on ^ebs-pa, yon -pa, resp. ysol-ba; to together snol-ba. Putrid rul-ba. Putty s. bay-sbyin 364. Q Quadrangle dkyil-Jcor gru-bzi-pa. Quadrate s. Ka-gd/l; adj. Ua-yan-ba. Quadruped rkan-bzi-pa. Quail s. biy-bi-lig W. Quality cos-nyid; good yon- tan 516- Quarrel s. Ica-mcu, O dzin-mo, hab-sa, Quarrel vb. Kruy-pa, rgol-ba, O gran-pa; quarreling words O gran-fsig. Quarrelsome, temper ^yran-sems. Quarter of the heavens pyogs 352. Quarters ynas, ynas-fsan C., brati-sa W. Quartz cag-dkdr. Queen rgyal-mo; consort btsun-mo (i'yyal-poi}. Question s. dri-ba, zu-ba. Queue (pigtail) Ican-lo 6'., cu-ti Ld. Quick adj. mgyogs-pa, myw-ba, skyen-pa, Jeram-pa; be ! *riii-pa ton* W. Quickly my yogs-par \ myur-du. Quicksand *be-rul* W. Quicksilver dnul-cu. Quiet adj. dal-ba, yya-ma-gyu, srun-po] to become zi-ba. Quill rkan. Quilt s. fsa-yciy-ma C. Quintessence no-bo-nyid, bcud, snyiit-po. Quit vb. a. Jbor-ba 3%, jog-pa 179, skyur- ba 28 ; ^yye-ba, ytoii-ba. Quite ye, ye-nas, yons-su ; Idin-se Ld. Quittance O prod- dzin. Quiver s. mda-don. Quiver vb. n. O dar-lx/. Quotient fob-nor. R Race s. (generation) mi-snd, rabs. Race s. (contest in running) ban 364; to run a dkyu-ba. Radish la-pug, gun-la-pug. Rafter learn, gral-ma. Rag hrul-ba. Rage vb. n. rnam-pa. Ragged adj. cad-po, hrul-po. Rail s. lag-rayugs 541. Rain s. car, car-pa; cloak car-Kebs; water car-cu. Rain vb.n. car Jbab-pa, it rains carJbabW. Rainbow ja, ja-fson. Rainy car-can; season car-dus. Raise sgren-ba, O don-pa, ker-ba, O pyar-ba, O dzugs-pa, bzeii-ba, sen-ba, slon-ba. Raisin rgun-rgod, rgun- brum. Rake s. (gardening) tca-yze W., rgya-yzeb C. Ram s. lug-fug. Ramble vb. Jcyam-pa, Jc&r-baW. Rampart Jcor-yug. Range s. (row) gral, rim-pa; of vision mfon-Jcor, mfo?i-mfa. Range vb.n. rgyu-ba, ^rim-pa. Rank s. go, go-pan, go-sd, go-grdl, go-grds, rigs. Ransom s. glud, bind, glud-fsab; blud-pa; vb. a. blu-ba. Rare dkon-pa. Rash adj. yid-fun 570. Rashness bab-col, yzu-lum . Rasp s. sa-bdar, say-yddr C.; siit-zofi W.. sin-sed W. Rasp vb. a. bdar-ba, say-ydar ryy ay-pa C. Raspberry fser-lum Sik , la-ma-sro Kun. Rat s. byi-ba, sa-bi-lig W. Rather ca-lam; v. bla 382- Ration zas-skdl. Raven fca-ta, bya-i'dg, po~rog, bya-ndy. Ravine grog-po, ron, sul. Raw rjen-pa. Ray s. yzer, ^od-yzer. Razor spu-yri. Reach vb. a. ytuy-pa, fuy-pa, srin-ba; to down smad-pa. Reach of hearing ryyan-yrdys. Read vb. klog-pa, sgrog-pa, *sil-ce* W. Reading-desk cos-Ih'i. Ready pral-yrig 359; to be made grub- pa, ^rub-pa; ^pfioney mays, smar-ba, smar-^rkydn. Real nes-pa-can,dnos,dnos-can; no-rto<j\V. Reality dnos; yan-day-pa-nyid 248; ynas- fsul 449. Re ally nes-pa-can-du; (bodily) diws-su 131. Realm /cams; rgyal-Icams 108. Reap rita-ba. Reaper zin-mKan. Reaping-hook zor-bn. i-</ija-z<'>r. Rear vb. (bring up) srel-'ba. y*o-ba. Reason s. (intellect) bio, blo-yros; (cause) rgyu. Reasonable fsul-mfun 450. Rebel vb . no - log byed -pa 553 , *gyab - log jhe-pa* C. Rebel s. no-loy-mttan. Re -born, to be skye-ba 28. Rebound vb. n. O par-ba. Rebuke s. bka-bkyon, brgyad-kdg; vb. a. brgyad-kay byed-pa. Receipt O prod- dzin, zin-bris. Receive len-pa, resp. bzes-pa; fob-pa; rjes- su O dzin-pa. Receptacle rtenno.V, 213. Recite skyor-ba, sgrog-pa. Reckon (count) rtsi-ba. Recline bkyed-pa, snye-ba. Recommend snag-pa ; stod-pa. Recommendation, letter of mfun- Reap Requisite 653 Reins (of a bridle) srab-skydys, srab-nvhi. Reins (kidneys) mlcal-ma. Reject spoit-litt. Rejoice vb.n dya-ba, resp.dgyes-pa; 'm<ni- ba, rjes-su yi-raii-lxi 182. Relate vb. a. skad-pa, O CU</-JK<. xtti/dd-jHt. Relation (kindred) /n-in/tn/; ////<-< /W. nye- brel; (reference) ryyud. Relative s (kinsman) nyen, ynyen, ynyen- bses. Relax vb. a. ylod-pa. Release vb. a. O yrol-ba; to be released Recompense s. rnan-pa, ynan-sbyin, bya- dga. Recompense vb. a. brnan-pa. Reconcile vb. a. sdum-pa; to one's self /co-tag ycod-pa. Record vb. O god-pa no. 5, 95. Records s. deb-fer, yig-ca. Recover vb n. fso-ba, pyir lan-ba. Recreation skyo-sdns\yyens-paW.; to take rtse-ba; skyo-sans-la ^ro-ba, resp. byon-pa. Rector O yo-dp6n C. Red dmar-po, dmar-ba; light dkar-dmar. Redeem O yrol-ba, blu-ba. Redeemer skyabs-mgon. Redemption blud-pa. Reduce (the wages) y cod-pa. Reed O dam-bu; pen snyug-yu, smyi-gu, *di-nyug* W. Reel vb. n. O kyom-pa, Kyor-ba. Reflection (consideration) sgom, rtog-pa. Refuge skyabs-ynas. Refuse s. gal-ro. Refuse vb. O dor-ba, mi ynan-ba. Regard vb. a. yzigs-pa; to as dgons-pa', as regards dban-du byas-na, -la 540- Regard s., to have to Ita-ba I, no. 3,216- Regardful ycan-po. Regent rgyal fsdb 109; sde-srid, .s/vW. Region ttams, glin, l)ons, sa-j>y6ys, yul- pyoys. Register s. dkar-cdy; fo. Regular fsul-can. Reign s. ryyal-srid. Reinforcements dmag-fsogs snon-ma. ^y Release s. blud-pa, far-clu jug-pa. Relic rin-bsrel 529. Religion cos, cos-lugs. Religious cos-kyi; cos-la dya-b<t; l,'r<'l-i-(in Religiously, to live cos by<>(/-/nr. Reluctantly nam-suys Sch. Rely rten-pa. Remain jiug-pa, bzugs-pa, lus-pa. Remainder lus-ma, Ihay-tna. Remains (dead body) ro. Remedy s. ynyen, rdzas, yso-byd. Remember dgons-pa, dran-pa, r)es-su dran-pa\ yid-la byed-pa\ nes-pa 128. Remind yid skul-ba. Remove vb. O yrol-ba, sgrol-ba\ Jbyin-pa, sbyon-ba. Rend y cod-pa, O dral-ba, yseg-pa, hral-ba. Renounce spon-ba. Renown grays-pa, snyan-pa. Renowned grags-pa-can, grags-can, sgra- ce. Rent adj. cad-po; to be O yas-pa. Rent s. (fissure) ral; (house-rent) Kaii-gla. Repair vb. a. yso-ba. Repay jal-ba, ysob-pa. Repeat skyor-ba, sgre-ba, stud-pa, Idab-pa. Repent O gyod-pa. Repentance ayod-pa. Repertory fob-yiy. Reply s. "ifa-ldn, Ian; vb. Ian (Ms-y/, glon-pa. Report s. (of a gun) s^rww; (rumour) *( lo*W. Representative s fsab-po. Reprimand s. bka-bkyon. Reproach vb. a. co L </r/-/></. timid smad-ra yton-ba. Reproach s. bryyad-Kdy; smad-pa. Reproduce skyed-pa. Reproof smad-pa. Repulse vb. zlog-pa. Reputation grays-pa. Request s. zu-ba, ysol-lm ; \l> :n-ba. Require bzed-pa 484 Requisite s. cos 15G; requisites rdzas 468. 654 Requital Roll Requital Ka-ldn; Jbras-bu. Rescue vb. a. sgrol-ba, skyob-pa, skyabs byed-pa, far-bar byed-pa. Resentment Icon-pa. Reserved adj. gya-ma-gyu 73. Reside bzugs-pa. Residence /cab, rgyal-sa; yzi-ma. Residue ro. Residuum fsigs-ma. Resign Ko- fag y cod-pa . Resin fan-cu. Resist rgol-ba. Resolute lo-na fun-se W. Resolve vb.n. (decide) bgro-ba, fag-ycod- pa. Resound Jtrol-ba. Respect s. bkur-ba, bkur-sti; sku-rim, gus- pa; pu-dud, sri-zu; to pay one's respects rje-sa or ze-sa byed-pa; best respects! zu W. 476; in every mam-pa kun-tu; with to la 540. Respect vb. a. rtsis byed-pa. Respectable btsun-pa. Respectful gus-pa. Respiration dbugs. Respire dbugs r nub-pa dan Jbyin-pa. Responsibility Kag. Rest s. (remainder) mfa, lus-ma, Ihag-ma. Rest s. (repose) .sti-ba; vb. sti-ba; -nal yso- ba 127. Resting-place lam-stegs. Restless O dug mi fsugs-pa 459. Restore yso-ba. Restrain O dul-ba; )un-pa; to be restrain- ed dog-par O gyur-ba. Restrict vb. *skar-tdg tan-ce* W. Retain skyil-ba, ^egs-pa 94, sayon-ba 119. Retaliation rnam(-par) smin(-pd)- Ian 543. Retinue Jcoi', Jcor-yyog, Jcor- dab\ zabs- pyi, slas. Retribution bras-bu4QQ, la-yogs 541; ^aw; doctrine of bgo-sMl 89. Return vb. a. Ian byed-pa, Ian ojal-ba; to an answer glon-pa', vb.n. O kar-ba, log- pa, fyir ^ro-ba. Revenge s. dugs, Ian; to take *dug* or *lan kor-ce* W. Revere mos-pa. Reverence sku-rim, gus-pa, bsnyen-bkur, bag-yod(-pa), ze-sa. Reverend (title) rje-btsun, btsun-pa, dbu- rje. Reverse s (side opposite) rgyab-Ugs; (con- trary) zlas-pye-ba; bzlog, go-ldog, go-log. Revile vb. a. smad-pa, yse-ba. Revise vb. a. sgyur-ba, Ita-ba. Revision zal-ta 473. Revolt vb. gyab-log byed-pa, no-log byed- pa. Revolver *ran-bar dug-rag* W. 523. Reward s. n'tan-pa, sug; vb. rnan-pa. Rheumatism grum-bu, grum-ndd; yrum- pa W., *zer-ne'* C. Rhododendron ba-lu, da-li. Rhubarb cu-cu, la-cu. Rhyming adj. zun-lddn. Rib rtsib(s)^ma. Ribbon O cih-ba, leb-ma. Rice Jbras; boiled Jbras-cdn; parched O bras-yos. ^ Rich adj. pyug-po; in rgyas-pa, O dzom- po. Riches s. dkor, nor, dbyig(s), O byor-pa. Rick p'ub-rags. Riddle s. (enigma) Idem-po. Ride vb. (on horseback) rta-la zon-te ^gro-ba; (in a carriage) sin-ta-la zon-te ^gro-ba. Riding-beast bzon-pa. Right adj. (right-hand) yyas - pa; (not wrong) dran-po, ^os-pa; all right! fsan- grig; measure cag-fsad; to be ^rig- pa, ran-pa. Right s. /trims 50. Righteous cos-drai'i-po. Rim fcyud-mo. Rind kog-pa. Ring s. 'a-lon; dove ku-hu; worm Ke. Ring vb. a. (a bell etc.) Jtrol-ba. Rinse bsal-ba. Ripe adj. smin-pa. Rise vb.n. (to get up) Idan-ba, laii-ba, kar or ker-lan-ba, resp. bzehs-pa; (as the sun) Q car-ba; (in the air) O pag-pa; (to come forth) O bur-ba } Jbyun-ba. Risk s. nyen, bar- cod. Risk vb.a. skyel-ba, sdo-ba, blos-ytoti-ba38o. Rival s. ^ran-zla. River cu, Jbab-cu, cu-klun, cu-bo, ytsan- po 433. Rivet s. Jbrel-mfsams. Rivulet cu-pran. Road lam, sul, sul-ldm, ^gro-sa; book lam-yig. Roam Jcor-ba, O pyo-ba, ^grim-pa, yar-ba. Roar vb. n. Krog-pa, nu-ba, Idir-ba, iia-ro sgrog-pa. Roar, Roaring s. na-ro, nar-8kad^vr49&- Roast vb. a. r/tod-pa, sreg-pa. Roast- flour rtsam-pa. Rob rku-ba, O prog-pa, *kog-te Kyer-ce* W. Robber mi-ser. Robbery corns, bcom-pa. Rock s. brag; salt rdo-fsica. Rock vb. n. Jcyom-pa, dpyan-ba; vb.a. dpyan-la yton-ba 328. Rod Icag, Icug-ma, dbyug-gu. Roll s. aril, Kor-lo; paper soq-sgnl, sog- ril W. Roll Save 655 Roll vb. a. sgril-ba, sgre-ba; to one's self Jtri-ba, jfre-ba; vb. n. Idir-ba; the roll- ing of thunder Idi-ri-rl. Roof s. fog. Room s. (apartment) Kan-pa, tian-bu, fcan- mig, nan-miff C. W.; (space) gu, go; to find v. O gro-ba, son-ba. Root s. ba-fag W.\ rtsa-ba, rtsad. Root up vb. a. rtsad-nas y cod-pa. Rope sgrogs, fag pa. Rosary O pren-ba. Rose se-ba, yse-ba, bse-ba. Rose-coloured dkar-rgyd. Rot vb. n. O drul-ba, rul-ba. Rouge skeg-fsos. Rough gyon-po, rtsub-po, rags-pa, rtsin-ba. Roughness iiad 126. Round adj. kor-kor; kyir-kyir W.\ gor-mo, sgor-mo; zlum-pa; ril-ba; to make sgon-ba; to be made O gril-ba. Round about adv. kun-nas, pyogs bzir. Round s., the of transmigration Jcor- ba 58. Rouse dkrog-pa; *san skul-ce*W. 23. Rove O grim-pa, rgyu-ba. Row vb. skya rgyab-pa. Row s. (series) gral, rim-pa. Row s. (fray) O fab-mo, O dzin-mo. Royal rgyal-poi; family rgyal-rigs; residence rgyal-sa. Rub vb. bdar-ba, O drud-pa. Rubbish gal-ro, rdo-ro, sa-ro W. Ruby pad-ma-ra-ga. Rudder tieya*n$ug. Rude Jtob; rf*i/'t-/>(t\ <ti//t-/n/. very li'a- Rugged yfx<tii-)'txni',. rlxnl>-po. Ruin vb. a. ^gud-pa,', to be ruined jig-pa. Ruinous goa-po. Ruins s., a house in fcat'i-rn/, l, : dii-gog. Rule s. (regulation) /,r/w.s ~>\ ; (special di- rection) spyad-mfsdms 456. Rule vb. a. ^god-pa, dban sgyur-ba or byed- pa. Ruler (governor) miia-bdaa: dbah-po ; srid\ (instrument) fig-siii. Rumination (che wing the cud) skyiig-lddd. Rumour s. qrag-pa, rtam, bsod-pa'*zer- ke'* C.; fsvr-lo W. Rump byafi-Kog. Run vb. rgyug-pa, O cor-ba- to about Kyam-pa\ to (flow) off rdol-ba; to a race dkyu-ba. Rupee dhul; kyir-mo Ld , gir-mo (>8, gor- mo W.; Tibetan *co-tdn* C. 145. Rupture cag-cdd. Rush s. (reed) snyug-ma. Rush vb. Krog-pa, rgyug-pa. Russia rgya-ser. Russian s. rgya-ser-pa. Rust s. btsa, yya, Icags-yya. Rut (track) mal, sul. Sable s. bka-blon si'am W., brag-sram W. Sack s. pad. Sacrament dam-bca'%ti. Sacred dag-pa. Sacrifice vb. a. mcod-pa 166. Sacrificial, ceremony sku-rim 22; feast mcod-ston. Saddle s. sga, rta-sga\ cloth ka-U, sga- Ms; - girth glo W. Saddle vb. a. sgabstad-pa, resp. cibs-sga bstad-pa. Safe adj. brtan-pa, btsan-po. Saffron gur-kum; tca-ce-skyes 36- Saiga-antelope rgya-ra. Sail s. dar, yyor-mo. Sail vb. gru-la zon-te lam-du O gro-ba; v. also rgal-ba 103. Saint grub-tob 78; skyes-bu dam -pa 31; rnal- byor-pa 315- Sake, for the ofpyir 351. Sal ammoniac rgya-fsd\ fsa-tse C. Salary pogs. Salt s. fsu-a, lan-fswa; vb.a. fswa O debs-pa. Saltpetre ze-fswa, so-ra. Salutation pyag. Salute vb.a. pyag O fsal-ba, Jwl-ba or byed-pa. Same adj. nyid; at the time ycig-car\ of the Kind ycig-pa, ycig-ycig W.; one and the ycig; the very de-Ko-na, de- ka ; de ran, de-ka ran. Sample bkod-pa. Sanctuary m cod-ynas. Sand bye-ma. Sandal- tree tsan-dan. Sanskrit na-ga-ri. Sap s. bcud, tfu-ba. Satiate ^ran-ba. Satisfaction skan-yso. Satisfied fsim-pa. Satisfy vb.a. v.gra/i-baW. v. /io///-/al30. Saturday. Saturn yza-spen-pa. Sauce skyu-rum, spags. Sausage sgyu-ma. Save vb.a. (deliver) skyabs byed-pa, sh/oii- ba, sgrol-ba, skyob-pa, O pans-pa, *ntti-fxt; (lay up) sri-ba 581, pan-ba 340; to be d far-ba 230. 656 Saviour Set Saviour skyabs-mgon 26; srog-skyob W. Savour s. bro-ba. Saw s. sog-leC., cad- or rgya-sogW.; vb. a. ''<< i d-sog srul-ce* W. Say sgo-ba, resp. mol-ba W.; smra-ba, zcr- ba, bsad-pa, resp. ysuh-ba; bka-rtsol-ba; he says, he said na-re 300; to nothing of (let alone) Ita ci smos. Scale s. (of a fish) krab; (of a balance) Ku- le; (for measuring) skar-fsdd; pair of scales sran. Scale off vb. n. gog-pa. Scar s. rmai r)es, or sul, or mal Scarce adj. dkon-pa. Scarf ska-rags ; of salutation Ka-btdgs 37. Scatter vb. a. O grems-pa, ytor-ba; to be scattered O for-ba. Scene gron-Kyer, Itad-mo; v. glen-yzi. Scenery sna/t-fsul. Scent s. (odour) nad, dri-bsun. Scholar (pupil) gnva-pa, slob -ma, slob- bans, slob-prug, Krid-prug, mKan-bu, rgyud-pa ; (man of letters) mkas-po. School s.grwa, slob-arwd, cos-gra; boy gnoa-pruffi house grwa-kan ; master grwa-dpon; room bsad-grwd; table Science rig^pa; sciences ytsug-ldg. Scientific, work bstan-bcos. Scissors can-pa 155, cem-tse C., gnm-tse Sik. Sclerotic of the eye gans. Scold vb. bka-bkyon-pa, spyo-ba. Scoop s. skyogs; vb. a. O cu-ba. Scope ^gro-sa, spyod-yul. Scorn vb. fo- fsam-pa. Scrap cag-dum. Scrape vb. Jbr ad-pa, O dr ad-pa. Scratch vb. spar-mos Jbr ad-pa. Scream vb. sgrog-pa. Screaming s. skad-ndn, skad-log. Screw s. ycu-ba. Scripture, Holy scripture, ysun-rdb, ysun- Scrotum rlig-bu, rlig-subs. Scruple s. rtog-pa, rnam-rtog. Scullion ma-y yog, fab-yyog. Sculpture brkos-ma. Sea rgya-mfso', captain ded-dpon', monster cu-srin. Seal s. (stamp) rgya, resp. pyag-rgyd; fe- mo, col. fe-tse; dam-Ka, resp. pyag-ddm; vb. a. dam-Ka brgyab-pa. Sealing-wax la-ca. Seam s. mfa-ma, sne-mo, fsem^-po). Search vb. O fsol-ba, yzig-pa; to into sar- or fsar-y cod-pa. Season dus 255, *nam-da, nam-la* 304. Seat s. Icri, rten, yzi-ma 480- Seclusion dben-pa, dben-ynas^&. Secrecy Ikog. Secret s. and adj. ysaii-ba. Secretary yig-mfi'on\ bka-dnin C. Sect cos-lugs, lugs. Section Icag, skabs, skor, rnam-pa, bo.ni- po, dbye-ba; yan-lag. Sedan-chair Jtyogs , Kyogs - dpi/an , peb- dpyan C. Sediment snyigs-pa, fsigs-ma, ro. Seduce rnod-pa, slu-ba. Seducer mi-dgei bses-nyen. See vb. mfon-ba, resp. yzigs-pa; to be seen snan- ba. Seed s. sa-bon. Seek O fsol-ba. Seize ^jug-pa, O fam-pa, O fogs-pa, Q dzin-pa, len-pa, resp. bzes-pa. Seizure O dzin. Select vb. O dam-pa, O byed-pa. Self -ho 129, nos, nyid, bdag, ran, I myself ned-ran 128, na-rah 522; dependant ran-dban. Selfish dnos- dzin can', to be nos O dzin- pa. Selfishness dnos- dzin, ran- dod. Sell O fson-ba; to be sold Q gyag-pa, O grim- paW. Send skur-ba, O tcal-ba, mnag-pa, ytoit-ba, rdzon-ba, zlog-pa; to for O gugs-pa; to forth Jbyin-pa; to word sprin-ba. Senior (elder) rgad-po. Sense s. (intellectual power) blo-gros 385, dban-po 387; (meaning) dgons-pa 87, don 258. Sensible fsul-mfun. Sentence zal-ce; to pass zal-ce ycod- pa\ fag-cod-^pa byed-pa. Sentiment bio 384; false Ita-log 217. Sentinel mel-fse, bya-ra. Separate vb. a. dgar-ba; vb. n. O gol-ba, O gye-ba, O pral-ba; so-s6 byed-pa; to be separated O bral-ba. Separate adj. sgos; so-so. Separation gud 69- Sepulchre ban-so. Series gral, gras, rim-pa. Serpent sbml; demon klu 8. Serrated con-con. Serum cu-ser. Servant yyog-po, yyog-mo; Kol-po, fcol-mo; bran-po, bran-mo; bran-K6l; mi-lag; zabs- f, mhag-yzug; your servant! da cen zu 152. Serv e vb. zal-ta byed-pa; to up O dren-pa. Service zabs-fog 472; at your 'o/l-le, >aW. Sesame til; oil til-mar. Set vb. a. to about rtsom-pa. cos-pa: to at pyo-pyo; to forth rjod-pa; to in order ^god-pa, ytan-la O bebs-pa; vb. n. Settle Simultaneously 657 to (of the sun) nub-pa, skyod-pa W.', to out (depart) cas-pa. Settle vb. a., to a business go cod-pa; vb. n. O fsugs-pa 459. Settled adj. (decided) zad-pa; (at an end) zin-pa, rdzogs-pa. Settlement (colony) babs-sa. Seven num. bdun; seventh bdun-pa ; seven- teen bcu-bdun; seventeenth bcu-bdun-pa] seventy bdun-cu; seventieth bdun-cu-pa. Several fca-cig, ^a, mi- dra-ba. Severe ynyan-pa, drag-pa. Severity nad W. Sew O fsem-pa. Sex rten no. 4, 213. Sexual rten-gyi. Shackle s. Icags, Icags-sgrog. Shade s. grib. Shadow s. grib-ma. Shake vb. a. skyod-pa, skyom-pa, sgul-ba, sprug-pa', vb. n. c gul-ba, Icogs-pa. Sham, to perform a work bcos-su byed- pa. Shame s. Krel, no-fsa, bag-yod(-pa) 364, zabs- dren 472 ; it is a - ! Krel-ba yod W. (*fel-wa yod*}. Shamefaced no-fsa-can. Shameless Jcrel-med', fio-fsa-med-pa. Shape s. dbyibs, yzugs, cas, bkod-pa. Share vb. bgod-pa; s. bgo-skal, skal-ba', ca, ca-sds. Sharer go-Kan W. Sharp adj. (not blunt) rno-ba; (to the taste) fsa-ba; ber-can. Sharpness (of an edge) I'a IV, no. 5, 35- Sharpsightedness mig-sdl W. Shave Jbreg-pa, bzar-ba. Shawl do-sa-ld. She pron. /Jo, fcon 41, de 255. Sheaf lag-kod. Shears v. can-pa 155. Sheath s. subs. Shed s. (slight building) bkad-sa 12- Shed vb.a. Idug-pa, blug-pa; (tears) bsil-ba. Sheep lug-, flock of lug-fyu\ fold lug- rd. Sheet of paper gre-ga C., sog-bu ; sog-gdn W. Shelf slati-Jca. Shell s. (husk) kog-pa, gan-bu, lgan-bu\ (mollusk) dun 253, O gron-bu 102; vb. a. bgrud-pa. Shell-lac rgya-skyegs. Shelter s. skyibs; sky abs-ynds \yyam', car- sky ibs. Shepherd lug-pa. Shield s. pa-li, pub. Shift vb. n. O po-ba. Shine vb. n. car-ba, Q fser-ba, snan-ba; s. Shining (bright) cem-mc-ba. lcam-me-ba: t Krol-Krol W. Ship s. gru, gm-bo, yzins\ master grn- Shirt s. mgo-kdr Ld. [dpon. Shiver vb. O gul-ba. Shoe s. lham\ soft ba-bu; of plaited straw bu-la; strap Iham-sgroij. Shoot s. lcug-ma', vb. n. Jci~un-ba', vb.a. O pen-pa. S h o o t i n g - s t a r kc-tu, skar-mdd. Shore ^ram, skam-sa. Short fun~ba\ in sgi'U-bas 120, mdor-na 273; cf. also zur-tsam 489. Shortsighted mig-rgyait-fuh. Shoulder s. dpun-pa, prag-pa', blade Shout vb. ^grogs-pa, sgrog-pa. Shovel s. Kyem; coal me-skyogs. Show vb. a. ston-pa, nom-pa, sdigs-pa. Showman Itad-mo-mkan. Shrewd mKas-pa. Shrine rten. Shrink vb. n. (to be contracted) O kum-pa, (to recoil) O dzem-pa, cum-pa. Shriveled, Shrunk, /turns-pa. Shudder vb yya-ba. Shun spon-ba, O dzem-pa. Shut vb.a. (a door) Q gegs-pa; (the eyes) O dzum-pa; to off or out Kegs-pa- to up skyil-ba, sgyofi-ba. Shuttle don-po. Shy vb. n. (of horses) O drog-pa. Shy adj. O drog-can. Sick nad-pa; v. also yi-ga cus 508. Sickle zoi'-ba, rgya-zor. Sickly nad-bu-can. Side s. logs, no, nos, nogs, O dabs, rol 536, Kud-ma; (of the body) dku, yzogs, gloy O gram, (direction) pyogs 352. Sieve Icags-fsags. Sigh s. Kog-sugs W., sugs-ndr, wuj*-rh'i. Sight If ad-mo, snan-ba, mfon-sndn. Sign s. rgya, resp. pyag-rgya-, mfsan-ma, mfsan-nyid, rgyu-mfsan; rtags] brda 297. Signature rgya-rtags. Signification don. Signify v.yin-pablQ. Sikim O bras-l)6ns. Silence cem-me-ba. Silent, to be Ka-rog-pa\ can mi sun-a- ba. Silk dar, gos; cloth za-^6g\ thread gos-skud; silks gos-cn, col. go-sn. Silk- worm dar-srin. Silver s. dnul', in bars gag. Similar O dra-ba ; * fsogs-se* W. Similitude dpe. Simple rk'yau-pa. Simultaneously ytig-car. 42 658 Sin Soldier Sin s. sdig-pa, nyes-pa, nyon-mons-pa skyon, sgrib-pa; heinous rme-ba 425; deadly mfsanis-med-pa 455. Since adv. (ever since) bzuns-te; conj. pas. Sincere dran-po. Sinew cu-ba. Sinful sdig-can, skyon-can. Sing glu len-pa. Singed, Singeing me-yzob. Single adj. (separate) ycig-ka, ycig-pu\^\ nyag-ma,rkyah-pa\ (unmarried) /cyo-med; cun-ma-med; combat Jerug-pa, dziti-mo. Sink vb. n. rgud-pa, nub-pa. Jbyin-ba. Sinner sdig-po, sgrib-pa. Sir ytso-bo 434; sa-heb, col. sab 571; 'a-^o 603; dear Sir bzin-bzdu 483- Sister srin-mo, meed, resp. Icam-mo; elder 'a-ce 603; younger nu-mo 305. Sit sdod-pa, resp. bzugs-pa; O dug-pa, Jtod- pa\ sitting cross-legged skyil-krun 27. Site mal. Situated, to be towards Ita-ba. Situation ynas-skabs. Six num. drug, sixth drug-pa\ sixteen bcu- drug, sixteenth bcu-drug-pa', sixty drug- cu, sixtieth drug-cu-pa. Size ce-kyad, ce-cun, fsad, bon, /cyon, rgya. Skeleton ken-rus. Sketch s. bkod-pa; zur team bsdu-ba 489- Skilful mKas-pa, sgrin-po, fabs-ses-pa; fobs-can W.; skyen-pa, spyan-po. Skill sgyu-rtsdl. Skin s. pags-pa, ko-ba. Skirt s. gos-sgab^ gos-mfa, fu-ba. Skull fod-pa. Sky nam-mtfa, ynam. Slab span, yya-ma. Slacken vb. a. glod-pa. Slackened adj. Ihod-pa, Ihod-po. Slander s. pra-ma, smad-sgra. Slander vb. pra-ma byed-pa, or smra-ba, or ojug-pa, resp. ysol-ba, zu-ba. Slanderer pra-ma-mkan, Slanting yo-ba, yon-po. Slate yya-ma. Slaughter s. ysod-ycod; vb.a. ysod-pa, ske ycod-pa, resp. ^gom-pa. Slave s. bran, mnag-yzug. Sleep s. ynyid, resp. mnal. Sleep vb. nyal-ba, ynyid-log-pa, resp. yzim-pa. Sleeping-room yzim-Kan. Sleet s. fca-ma-cdr. Sleeve pu-dun. Slender kyan-po-, kyah-kyan rin-mo W. Slide vb.n. O dred-pa. Slight adj. pra-ba. Slight vb. a. O gyin-ba, O gyin-bag byed-pa', co - O dri-ba. Sling s. sgu-rdo; stone rdo-yyiig. Slip in vb. n. O fcnl-ba, O kyud-pa, O dzul-ba. Slope s. gud, nogs. Sloping gyin-mo W. Slow bul-po, dal-ba; (irresolute) *lo-sna man-ba; lo-sna rin-mo* W. Slowly nan-gis, gul-gul; gu-leW.. ga-le C. Slowness dal-ba, dal-bu. Smack vb. lla brdab-pa; dkan-sgra Q debs- pa W. Small cun-ba, cun-tse W.; pra-ba. Small-pox O brum-nad. Smart adj. (gaily dressed) mam-^gyur- can; yzab-mo, yzab-sprod\ mcor-po. Smash y cog-pa, rdun-ba. Smear skud-pa, O byug-pa. Smell s. bsun; vb. a. snom-pa; vb. n. mnam-pa. Smile s. O dzum, vb. n. O dzum-pa. Smith mc/ar-ba. Smoke s. dud-pa; vb.a. (tobacco) O fun-ba. Smooth adj. ^jam-pa. Smooth vb. a. dbur-ba, ^ur-ba, ^ur-ba. Smoothing-iron Icags-bsro. Smuggle pag-fson byed-pa. Smut s. sre-nag\ sre-mog W. Snail skyogs-lto-bu', clover ^ol. Snake sbrul, O bu-riti, lto- gro. Snap s. (with the fingers) skad-eig 19. Snare s. rnyi, snyi. Snatch vb. O gog-pa. Sneak vb. jab-pa. Sneeze vb. sbrid-pa. Snipe skyar-po, cu-skyar; tin-ti-lin Ld. Snivel s. snobs. Snore vb. nug-pa, snur-ba. Snow s. k'a-ba, gahs; ball k'a-gon', bridge rud-zam; fall O bab; leopard ysa. bsa\ shoe dkyar; slip Ka-riid', storm k'a-fsub, rlun-fsub, bu-yug. Snuff s. sna- ddg W. S o ces 142, de-ltar 256, O di-ltar 275, de-bzin- du 256, de- dras 282; just de-ka-ltar 255; so as tsam 430; so that tsam-du\ so then yan 505. Soak sbon-ba. Soap s. glan-gldd C., sa-bon W. Soar Idin-ba, O pyo-ba. Sobs, nud-mo. So cage jn-lag 499. Society, human fsogs 451. Socket of the eye mig-Kun. Sod skan-sa. Soda bul. Soft ^am-pa, mnyen-pa, snyi-ba, O bol-po. Softly ga-le C., gu-le W. Soil s. sa-yzi. Soil vb. bsgo-ba. Solder k'ro-cus sdom-pa; *kar-ya dan zar- ce*W. Soldier dmag-mi. Sole Spring up 659 Sole of the foot rkan-mfil. Sole adj. ycig, j'cig-pu 144. Solely Ko-na, Jba-zig. Solid adj. (not hollow) kon-gan, gar-bu, pu-ri -ined-Kan W.; (not liquid) rens-pa; (firm) m/crari, O cag-can W., sra-ba. Solitary adj. dben-pa; place dgon-pa. Solitude dben-pa, Jbrog, gud. Some Ka-cig, ga-cen, ga-sas, gan-zig, ^ga, res- c ga; ci yton W., cig, cun-zig; ca-lam; re-zig; la-Id. Somebody, some one, ycig, ycig-cig. Somerset ma-ldg. Something ci ziy; ci-yton W. Somnambulism ynyid-rdol. Son bu, bu-po, bu-fsa W., resp. s; f s; in- law mag-pa; of man mii bu, mii-sras. Song glu, mgur, dbyans. Sonorous sgra-can, sgra-ldan. Soon sna, mgyogs-pa', myur-du; as as ma- Had , ma fag-tu 227, tsam-gyis 431; sooner or later sna-pyi. Soot dreg-pa, sre-ndg. Soothe zi-bar byed-pa. Soothsayer ca-mKan, rtsis-pa, mfsan- mk'an. Sorcerer O gon-po, 5a-po; sorceress O ba-mo. Sorcery rnam-prul, pra-men; to practise spi"ul-ba, rol-ba. Sorrel adj. tfam-pa. Sorrow s. Koii-Jli'ugs, col. *Kog-fiig*. Sorrowful mi dga-ba. Sorry kon-du cud-pa, mi dga-ba, bio mi bde-ba, sems skyo-mo. Sort s. Ky ad-par, sna, rigs; of what ci Ita-bu. Soul nyams, resp. fugs-nydms, dgons-pa; rgyud; rnam-ses, sems. Sound s s&ad, Krol; sgra, sgra-skdd. Sound vb.n. Rrol-ba, Q grags-pa; vb.a. sgra Sound adj. rem-pa, bde-ba. \sgrog-pa. Soup fug-pa. Sour adj. skyur-ba, skyur-po C., skyur-mo Source cu-mig, cu-mgo; Kuns, O go-ma. South Iho. Sovereign s. dban-po. Sow s. pag-mo\ thistle Kal-pa. Sow vb. a. sa-bon O debs-pa. Space gu, go. Spade lcags-tfyem. Span s. mfo. Spare vb. pan-ba. Spark me-ltdg, me-fsdg. Sparkle Jcol-ba W., sag-sag zer-ba C. Sparrow bya-po skya-bo W.; hawk Afm, mcil-Vra. Spasm rtsa-cus OT- dus; O cin-ba C. Spawn s. sgo-rta, sgon. Speak smra-ba, resp. bka-stsol-ba; mol-ba W.; lab-pa, resp. ysun-ba, zer-ba. Spear s. mJtt/'t. Specimen v. pud^M. Speck rmc-ba, sme-ba. Spectacles sd-mig; snow *mig-dd*. Spectator Itad-mo-pa. Speech skad, nag, ytam, fsig, brjod, resp. bka, resp. ysun ; dpe-sgra W. Speed, good -! *fam-pa co* W. Speedily myur-du, nye-bar. Speedy mgyogs-pa, mgyogs-rins W. ; myur- ba, rins-pa. Spell s. yzuns, yzuns-snags. Spend skyag-pa, cud yzon-pa; to be spout ca-ba, O gro-ba, O gyag-pa, O tsar-ba, O dzad- ^pa. Sphere dkyU'-Jfor n; gron 79, nan 126; of activity spyod-yul. Spice sdw, spod; fsan-te W. Spider fags-gra- bu, Jbag-rdg. Spin O kal-ba, Kel-ba. Spindle pan. Spirit sems, sems-nyid; kun-yzi 4; evil ydon 267, ^on-po 95. Spirited hur-po. Spit vb. fu gyab-ce W., fo-le O debs-pa W. Spittle mcil-ma, resp. zal-cab. Spleen (milt) mcer-pa. Splendid ^od-can, grags-can. Splendour rnam-pa, diiom-pa, rnom- brjid, br)id, dpal, oyin, zil,yzi, yzi-l>rji<l. Splint (for a broken liuib) cag-sin. Splinter s. fsal-pa, sin-fsal; sin-zel W. Split vb. a. O ges-pa, y cog-pa, ysog-pa, ceg- pa; vb. n. ^gas-pa. Spoil vb. a. (plunder) ^oms-pa; ycil-ba. Spoiled (corrupted) Icag-po; to be san- ba. Spoke rtsib-ma. Sponge s. cu-Jcur. Spontaneously ran, ran-bzin-gyis, sugs- kyis, rgyu med-du 110. Spoon fur-ma', tip of a fur-mgo. Spoon-bill skyar-Ub. Sport vb.n. (frolic) rtse-ba. Sportsman Kyi- ra-ba. Spot s. (locality) go-, (stain) grib; (mark) fig-le. Spouse (wife) cun-ma, btsun-mo, Kab. Spout s. iva-mcu. Sprain vb.a. fsigs bud-pa or O bog-pa ; to be sprained Ki*ul-ba. Spread vb. a. rkyon-ba, ^gebs-pa, Keb-pa, ycal-ba, rdal-ba, spei-ba, O dii'i-ba, Jjre-ba, ^grems-pa; vb.n. meed-pa, ^ye-ba, rgyas- pa, dar-ba, ldaii-l><i. Sprightly yca?i-po. Spring up vb.n. cogs-pa 153. 660 Spring Strewing-oblation Spring s. (fountain) cu-mig, Uron-pa; (season) dpyid. Sprinkle O grems-pa, cag-cag byed-pa. Sprout s. sbdl-mig, myu-gu, myug. Sprout vb.n. skye-ba, Jh'un-ba, rdol-ba. Spunk spra-ba; tsa Ld. Spur s. (of horsemen) rtin-lcags; mountain sgan. Spy s. lta-nyul-pa, mel-tse; glass dur- bin, sel-mig. Spy vb. so -byed-pa; to out (another's faults) O fsan bru-ba. Squander yzan-pa. Square s. Ka-gdn; adj. Ka-gan-ba, Ka- gan-ma. Squash vb. glem-pa. Squat vb. tsog-pur sdod-pa 432. Squeeze vb. glem-pa, bcer-ba. Squire v. ga-gd. Stack s. pub-rags. Staff mttar-ba, Q tfar-ba, ber-ka. Stag sa-ba 556. Stage (of a journey) Jbran-sa. Stain vb. (sully) bsgo-ba; stained nyams- pa. Staircase f em-pa, rgya-skds ; gya-srds W. Stairs fem-pa; up ya-fog, down ma- , % Stake s. (in the ground) rtod-pa; (in a wager) rgyal-rgyan. Stalk s. rkan, sdoii-po, ba-fag, rtsa-ba, sog-ma. Stallion yseb. Stammerer Ka-ldig-mKan W. Stamp s. rgya, resp. pyag-rgyd. Stamp vb. /,rab-pa 61- Stanch vb. (the flowing blood) sdom-pa. Stand vb.a, (bear) bzod pa 498; to be able to fub-pa, feg-pa\ vb. n gren-ba, lans- te sdod-pa.' Stand s. stegs 221. Star skar-ma; shooting - skar-mdd. Start vb. (set out) rgyug-pa; (from alarm) O drog-pa. State s. (condition) ynas-skabs, ynas-fsul. Stately ^od-can. Statue sku, rdo-sku. Stature sgo-po, sgo-bo. Stay vb. n. O dug-pa, sdod-pa, ynas-pa, bzugs-pa. Steadfast brtan-po. Steady O fsuys-pa . Steal vb. a rku-ba, ma-sbyin-par len-pa; vb. n. (slip) O jab-pa, nyul-ba, O dzul-ba. Stealth, by - sbas-te W. Steam rlans-pa. Steel *cag-zdn*, po-ldd. Steelyard rgya-ma, nya-ga; pur, spor, spo-re, sran. Steep adj. ytsan-ytson, yzar-ba. Steer vb. a. K'a-lo sgyur-ba. Stench dri nan-pa, dri na-ba, dri-mnam. Step s. gom-pa, rdog-pa; of a ladder sral-dan 21; vb.n. bgom-pa, gom-pa Jbor- ba, O grul-ba, Q cag-pa. Stepfather pa-yydr ; step mother ma-gydr. Stick s. ber-ka, dbyug-pa. Stick vb.n. Kad-pa, O byor-ba; vb. a. sbyor- ba, O dzugs-pa. Sticky rtsi-can. Stiff rens-pa; to be ren-ba. Still adj. (quiet) dal-ba, mi yyo-bar; (si- lent) v. Ka rog-pa. Still adv. da-run, yan. Sting s. mduh; vb. a. J)ig(s)-pa, Q dzug-pa 466- Stingy lag-dam-po, fsags- dod-can. Stink vb. mnam-pa. Stir vb.a. dkrug-pa, srub-pa; to up rnyog-pa, spmg-pa. Stirrup yob, ^ob. Stitch vb. sbrel-ba. Stocking rkan-siibs, resp. zabs-siibs. Stomach grod-pa, po-ba. Stone s. rdo; of fruits rus-pa; vb. a. rdo-i-ub-la btah-ce W. Stool stegs 221. Stoop vb. mgo dgu-ba, mgo dgur-ba or Stop vb.a. sub-pa, O gegs-pa; vb. n. O gag- pa, sdod-pa. Stopple, stopper Ka- dig. Store s. mdzod', room mdzod-Kan, ban- ba, ban-fcan, f son- lean. Storm s. f sub-ma, rluii cen-po, drag-po. Story s. (floor) fog; (tale) ynas-fsul, lo- ^ rgyus. Stout adj.sbom-pa, rom-po; (of cloth) f sags- dam; to grow brta-ba. Stove fab, me- fob. S t r a i g h t adj . draii-po, grons-po, bsrans-pa. Straighten sron-ba. Strain vb. a. (filter) O fsag-pa. Strainer cu-fsags. Straits sa-bdr, mfso-lag - breL Stranger pyi-mi, byes-pa. Strangle ske bsdam-ste ysod-pa. Strangury ycin- gdg. Strap s. ko-fdg, sgrog-gu, rog-bu W., lun. Stratagem dku-lto. Straw sog-ma, pub-ma. Strawberry dpal-byor W. Stray v. yan-pa 506. Street rgya-srdn, lam-srdn. Strength nyams-stobs, stobs-po; sed; of spirits etc. ber. Strengthen sed cug-ce W. Stretch vb. rkyon-ba, srin-ba. Strew ytor-ba, O din-ba. Strewing-oblation ytor-ma 210. Strict Syria 661 Strict dam-po. Stride vb. bgom-pa. Strike vb. O pog-pa, rgyab-pa, rdun-ba, rdeg-pa. String s. rgyud, syroy, O ci/t-b(t< c }>rcn-ba, fa-(/u. Strip vb. m-ba, yos O bud-j></. Strive for vb. snycys-})a, ^gran-pa, brtson- pa. Stroke s. Icay, O pras-pa. Stroke vb. byil-ba, O byuy-pa. Strong gar-ba, drays-po, btsan-po, rem-pa 535, sed-can. Structure bkod-pa. Stubborn myo-Kreys-pa. Student slib-ynyer. Studious brtson- Q gnis-can. Study s. O bad-pa. Stuff s. (cloth) ras. Stuff vb. a fxaH-bii. Stunned kul-kol. Stupid glen-pa, blun-pa, blo-gros-med. Style s. bzo, zo-sta W. 497. Subdue g^oms-pa. Subject s. skor, glen-yzi, mna-zdbs, bran, O baiis. Subject vb.a. joms-pa, ^og-tu Jug-pa 501. Subsequent pyi-ma. Subside zi-ba. Subsidy O fud-ma. Subsistence O fso-fabs. Substance diios-po, rdzas 468- Substantive dii os-min . Substitute s. fsab. Subtract O dor-ba, sbyon-ba, O bud-pa. Succession fs?r, rabs 525, rim-pa 530. Such di- dra-ba 282, de-lta-bu 256. Suck jibs-pa, Jun-ba. Suckling baby zo- funs. Suddenly ylo-bur, ylo bur-du : har(-gyis) ; yan-med-la W. Suet grod-fsil, Jcon-fsil. Suffer vb.a. myon - ba , bzod - pa ; vb. n. mitar-ba, yzir-ba. Suffice J<-yed-pa, ldan-ba\ cog-pa. Sugar ka-ra, /, : a-ra" raw - bu-rdm; -- cane O dam-bur W. Suit s., a complete - of clothes mgo-lus ca tsd/'t. Suitable, to be < on-Z502, ^s-pa, run- ba. Suitor O dod-mffan. Sully bsf/o-ba. S u 1 p h u r mu-zi. Sum s. brtsis-zin; vb. to - up sgril-ba, sdom-pa, sre-ba. Summary s . sdom. Summer dbyar. Summit mgo, spo, rtse(-mo~). Summon vb.a. O gugs-pa. Sun nyi-ma\ beam nyi-yzet", dial /////- tsod. Sunday yza-nyi-ma. Superficies wos, />/, y<l<>/',. Superintend zal-ta l>i/<(l-j>a. Superintendence do-</d//>. Superior adj. Ihjad, yon-ma, rgyal-ba, bla, rab ; s. goii-ma, bla-ma. Supernumerary adj. O feb. Supine adj. gan-kydl. Supper dyoiis-zas', Lord's ysol-ras 592. Supple mny en-pa. Supplement /'//-*/.;//, >j ( m-l<i<i. Ilian-fdbs. Supply vb. sgrub-pa. Support vb. skyoii-ba, O degs-pa, O d: ''/>-/<>: s. rten-pa, ryyab-rten. Supposition vzs\>.bsam-pa,snan-b<i. A;,,/- pa, bzed-fsul. Suppress non-pa, joms-pa, snub-pa, sub- ^ P a -> o9 e d s -p a v Sure yor-ina-ccig, eleg. gvr-mu-bl'lnn 7:;; btsan-po 434; to be sure! *ti<i. ////. df-hn ^ yod* 255. Surely ties-par, nan-cays 303. Surety brtan-pa, ydeii-fsad. Surface Afa, nos, logs, Jtod, ydon-pa. Surpass O da-ba. Surround skor-ba. Suspend dpyaii-ba, spyan-ba 328. Swaddling-cloth cu-stdn W. Swallow s. flug-ta. Swallow vb. mid-pa, tyur-m$d-pa. Swamp s. gram-pa. Swan bzad, bzad-pa; nait-pai ryi/al-po. Swear bro O fsal-oa, dmod-mo O bor-ba 423. Sweat s. ritul. Sweep vb. pyay bdar-ba', to together sdud-pa. Sweepings pyctff-ddr. Sweet ditar-ba; scented zim-po. Sweet-heart O dod-grogs, mig-grogs, iml;u- grogs, bzan-grogs. Sweet-meats zi)n-:> , ;////-;//// ( .. :////-:</</ W. Swell vb. n. skran-ba, bo-/>,>. Swifl adj. skyen-pa, mym--l>n. // >s-pa. Swim rkyal-ba, O pyo-ba. Swine pag. Swing vb. a. dbyuy-pa, y yob-pa. Switch s. Icag. Swoon vb. n. brgyal-ba. Sword ral-gri. Syllable sgra 119, fseg-bar 450. Symbol rtcn 213. Symmetry dpe-byad, by ad. Symptom mfsan(-ma), rtags. Synonym ikad-dddftfo. Syphilis i><i-r<'n'i, r,<i-dug. Syria mm-iaon. Syringe /////. 662 Tabernacle Thirst Tabernacle yur-mcoy 69. T able Icog-tse 150, resp. ysol-lcog 592; ysol- stegs; European rgya-lcog. Tablet, bearing an inscription byait-bu, byan-ma. Taciturn smra-nyun. Tail rna-ma, mjug-ma. Tailor fsem-pa. Take vb. a. len-pa, O fogs-pa, O dzin-pa, resp. bzes-pa; *nam-ce* W ; to for O dzin-pa 465, sems-pa; to off Jbud-pa, su-ba; to out O gog-pa, O don-pa, Jbyin-pa\ take away! Kur son C., Fur Kyer \V. Tale lo-rgyus, sgmn(s). Talent bio, rig-pa, yon-tan, ses-rab. Talk s. ytam, ^.ur; vb. smra-ba, lab -pa, glen-ba, Jbar-ba, JULT yton-ba. Talkative smra- dod, ryya-lab-can. Tall col. sgo-po riii-mo, kyan-kyaii riit-mo, Jo/i-^jon. Tallow -candle tsil-sdon. Tamarisk ^.om-bu. Tame adj. dul-ba, O dris-pa, yyun-ba; vb.a. O dul-ba, ful-ba. Tan vb a. mnyed-pa. Tanner ko-ba mnyed-m/can C. Tardy bul-po. Target O ben. Tarry vb. c gor-ba. Tartar (incrusting the teeth) so-dreg. Task s. Kag; rgyugs W. Taste s. (savour) bro-ba, ro; vb. a. myon- ba; vb. n. bro-ba. Tattered cad-po. Tavern can-lean Tax s. Krai, dpya; Jbab Sp ; vb.a. (appraise) , resp. ysol-)d; pot tib-ril, resp. ysol-tib', party ja-mgron. Teach vb. ston-pa, slob-pa. Teacher ston-pa, slob-pa, slob-dpon; rayud- ^pa. Team of bullocks glan-dor. Tear s. mci-ma] to shed tears mci-ma blag-pa. Tear vb.a. yseg-pa\ to out O pyid-pa, O byin-pa\ to to pieces Q dral-ba, hral-ba. Tease yob-non co-ce W. Tedder vb. btod-pa-, s. btod-fdg. Tell O cad-pa, snyod-pa, smra-ba, zer-ba, zlo-ba, zlos-pa. Temperate fsod ses-pa. Temperature grah-dro. Tempest rlun cen-po or drag-po, rlun- dmdt\ yul-ndn. Temple mcod-Kan. Temporal fse O dii; life ynas-skabs. Tempt nyams sad-pa, fsod ^dzin-pa. Ten num. bi-u, cig bcu; - thousand /r/; tenth bcu-pa. Tenant Kah-pa yyar-mKan. Tend vb. a. skyon-ba. Tender adj. snyi-ba, jam-pa; byams-pa. Tendon nya-cu. Tenet cos. Tent gur, resp. bzugs-gur. Term s. (limited time) cad-so. Terminate vb. n. zin-pa- vb. a. O fsar-bar Termination mfa 239. \byed-pa. T e r r a c e stcii-ka, sten-tse. Terrify O jigs-pa, jigs-skrag O don-pa C.\ *)ig-ri skul-ce* W.; tobe terrified skrag-pa. Test vb. a. nyams sad-pa; fsod Ita-ba 216. Testament bka-cems, K'a-cems. Testicle rlig-pa, resp. ysan-rlig, euphem. O bras-bu. Testimony ce-bzi; v. dpait(-po) 326. Texture fags. Than las 546, pas, sari. W. 571. Thank vb. ytan-rdg byed-pa or Jbul-ba. Thanks s. ytan-rdg, legs -y sol; many! bka-drin-ce, no-mfsar-ce 456; zu W. That pron. de 255; so-ci-ltar 218. The def. art. v. de 255. Theatre Itad-mo Ita-bai sa } Itad-mo-fcan. Theft rkun-ma. Theme sknr. Then de-tsa-na, der 256. Theory Ita-ba II, no. 3, 217- There de-na, de-ru<256, pa-gir 338. Therefore de-bas-na, des-na, des 256. Therein nan-na. They tfo-pa; fco-wa W.; Ico-fso, tfo-cay <'.: de-dag, de-rnams. Thick O fug-pa, stugs-po, sbom-pa, rom-po; (of fluids) ska-ba, rnyog-pa. Thicket fsan-fsin 444. Thickness srab-Jug 244. Thief rkun-ma. Thimble lcun-mo. mdzub-rten. Thin &dj. jjra-ba, zim-bu, sins-poW.; srab- pa, sla-ba, sla-mo. Thing dnos-po, ca, ca-bydd, cos, rdzas; things (goods) ca, ca-lag. Think (suppose) snyam-pa; (meditate) sem(s}-pa; bsam-mno byed-pa or ytoii-lm. resp. dgons-pa\ to of dran-pa 261, dgons-pa. Third num. sum -pa; thirteen bcu-sum; thirteenth bcu-sum-pa\ thirty sum-cu\ thirtieth sum-cu-pa; a third, third part sum-ca, sum-yar. Thirst s. skom, skom-pa, skom-ddd; vb. skom-pa. This Transform 663 This O cfr 275. Thither de-ru, der 256; p'yogs der 352. Thong ko-fdg. Thorn fser-ma. Thoroughly Kyon-nas. Thou Kyed, li'yod, resp. nyid. Though v. kyi 6. Tho ught bsam-pa, resp. dgons-pa, snyarn- ^ pa, snan-ba, dmigs-pa, Jcar-sgo, ny'ams. Thousand num. stoh; ten tin, Kri-kroi/, Kri-fso; hundred O bum, O bum-fso. Thrash vb. yyul-Ka ycog-pa, yyur byed-pa skud; snal- C.,*Ko-yu skor-ce* Thread s. skud-pa, 319, nyag-fdg 185. Threaten gam-pa W. Three num. ysum, sum. Threshold t em-pa, sgo-fem. T h ri ft y pan-sems-can. Throat mgul, resp. mgur, Ikog-ma, ske, gre-ba, mgrin-pa, 'o-le W. ; sore - mgul- nad. Throb vb. Q par-ba. Throne s. rgyal-sa, Km, sen-ge-Kri. Through Ita-ti, Iten 217; pyir 351- Throughout fog-fag 237. Throw vb. a. rgyab-pa, rgyag-pa, skyur- ba, ytor-ba, j>en-pa, dbyug-pa; Q bor-ba C.\ to down O bud-pa, Jbebs-pa; to off spon-ba. Thumb s. fe-bo, mfe-bo. Thunder s. Jbrug, Jbrug-skdd, Jbrug-sgrd. Thunderbolt fog, Ice, rdo-rje, ynam-lcags. Thursday yza-pur-bu. Thus de-ltar, O di-ltar, de-bzin-du, de- dras C., de-tsug W. Thwart (frustrate) sgyel-ba. Tiara cod-pan. Tibet bod. Tibetan m. bod-pa, f. bod-mo; language bod-skad; printing-characters dbu-can 388; current handwriting dbu-med. Tick s. lug-sig. Tickle vb. *ki-tsi kug-ce* W.; gug-pa W. Tide s. dus-rldbs. Tidings prin ; glad ytam-snydn ; (gospel) pnn bzan-po. Tie s. O cin-ba, vb. a. O cin-ba, Jcyig-pa. Tiger stag. Tight dam-po, fan-po. Till, until bar-du 366, fug C.; fsug-paW. Till vb. a. O dul-ba. Time s. dus, fse, skabs; (while) yun\ time, times lan\ one , once lan-ycig', ten lan-bcu; point of , proper for bsgan 124. Timid jigs-pa, jigs-mK'an, O jigs-pa-ban\ sems-cun-ba. Tin s. za-nye dkar-po, za-dkdr, dkar-ya; - plate ta-li W. Tinder-box Icugs-m ag. Tire vb. a. nal Jug^pa. Tired dub-pa; to be t/t//>-jxr. xkyo- Tithe s. cu-/, : dy W. Title s. mfsan; (claim) fob-srol. To prep, mdun 273, Jni/t-dti, r<-sp. drun-du -_>i;;;. /-/.sv//- I:;T, gan-du 66. Tobacco fa-ma-tfa; pipe gaii-zdg, zal- zdg. To-day de-rin C., O di-rih W. Toe rkan-sot", sor-mo; the big //<///-/</ mfe-bo. Together ycig-tu, lhan-cig-tu; -with bcas-pa, mnyam-du. Token mfsan-ma. Tola (Indian half ounce) ditul, col. mul. Toll s. so-gam. Tomb dur, bail- so. Tongs rkam-pa. Tongue Ice, resp. Ijags. Too adv. (too much) ha-caii; conj. (also) , y aA - v Tool cos; tools yo-bydd, lag-ca. Tooth so, resp. fsems\ ache so-zug; brush so-zed; pick fsems-sit'i, .s-o-.s///. Top s. rtse(-mo). Topography ynas-bsdd, yul-bsdd. Torch gal-me, sgron-ma. Torment vb.a. O fsc-ba; sdug-bshal or ynag ston-pa W. Torn adj. ral-ba, cad-po. Tortoise rus-sbal. Torture vb. a. mi-la ynag ston-pa W. Totter yam-yom byed-pa. Touch vb. nyug-pa, y tug-pa, fug-pa, reg- pa. Toupet for-cog, for-fsugs. Towards fog-tu 237, fad-du, pyogs-su. Towel lag- pyis. Tower mfcar dgu-fog. Town gron, groh-kyci", yul-gru; rgyalrtaW. Toy s. rtsed-mo. Trace s. rk<tii-i")<'>s, /nal. Track s. rjcs, sul. Trackless rjes-med. Tractable srab-Ka dul-mo. Trade s. fso/i, bzo. Tradesman Ice-pa. Trading-place las-sgo. Traffic s. /*"/>. Train vb. a. sbyoh-ba\ to up skyed-*ri/'i- ba. Trample vb.a. rdzi-ba, rdog-pas rduit-ba. Tranquil zi-ba. Tranquillity -</. Transaction las. Transfer vb. spo-ba^ O god-pa. Tr a n s f o rm sgyur-ba ; to one's self )>ml- ba 336; to be transformed into O gi/"i'-b<t 96, O gro-ba 101. 664 Transformation Unchastity Transformation rdzu- pi-nl. Transgress O gal-ba; O da-ba. Transgression ^al-krul. Translate sgyur-ba. Transmigration, the round of Jcor- ba 58. Transplant spo-ba. Transport vb. skyel-ba, Jlyer-ba. Trap s. rnyi. snyi; Idem -pa W.; door ynam-sgo; mouse bi-ldem W., fox wa-ldem W. Travel vb. ^ro-ba, O grod-pa, bgrod-pa- ca-ba W. Tread vb. a. rdziba; *cag-cag co-ce* W.; vb. n. O cag-pa, O cags-pa. Treadle rkan-sin. Treasure s. yter. Treasurer dkor-pct, pyag-mdzod. Treasury dkor-mdzod. Treat s (feast) myron. Treat vb. n. (to use) spyod-pa 334; (to re- gale) mgron-du ynyer-ba; to medically bcos-pa; sman-dpyad byed-pa 329; vb. n. to of rjod-pa 182. Treatise rgyud, rgyud-sde. Treatment, good bzan-lugs W. Treaty bzan-sgrig. Tree sin, sdon-po, siit-sdoh. Tremble O gul-ba, O dar-ba. Trespass vb. n. bar-du ycod-pa 3(57. T r e v e t Icags-sgyid. Trial (before a tribunal) ytam-sdur W. rr* ' I 7 ' a 1 ribe sde. Tribunal krims-tfati. Tribute dpya Trick s. bar-cad; to play tricks fo- fsam- pa. Trickle vb. n. O dzag-pa. Trifling adj. pra-ba. Tripod sgyid-bu. Icags-sgyid. Troop s. %M. pal-po-ce, fso; troops dpun. Trophy rgyal- mfsdn. Trot vb. O dur-ba\ s. O dur-^gro. Trouble s. nyon-mo/is-pa, dka-sdvg, mya- ndn; vb. a. dkrug-pa. Troublesome fsegs. Trowsers rkan-snam , gos - fun , dor - ma, byah-rkyan, smad-yyogs. True bden-pa, no-rtog. Trumpet dun. Trunk (of a tree) sdon-po; (of an elephant) glan-sna; (box) sgam, sgrom. Truss s.pon-po; vb. to up rdze-ba. Trustee pa-fsdb. Trustworthy ^.os-pa. Truth nes-pa, bden-pa, yin-min 510- Try nyams sad-pa 186, dpyod-pa, col. fsod- Ita-ba. Tub yzon-pa, bzom. Tube don-po, pu-ri. Tuck up rdze-ba. Tuesday yza-mig-dmdr. Tuft pon\ of wool bal- dab W. Tumble vb. ^yel-ba. Tumbler (drinking-glass) sel-kor, sel-por. Tumult Jcrug-pa. Tun zem. Tune s. glu. Turban fod, la-fod. Turbid ska-ba, nyog-pa. Turf span, span-po Turkey rum. Turkois yyu. Turmeric yun-ba. Turn vb. a sgyur-ba\ to o& zlog-pc: to out O byin-pa ; to round Jior-ba ; to up rdze-ba; to upside down spub-pa, slog-pa\ vb. n. pyogs-pa, O yro-ba, ca-ba W.\ to away Idog-pa. Turn s. fsir 448, res 535; by turns fsir-la, fsir-du, fsir dan, res-la. Turnip nyun-ma. Turret speu, spiu. Tusk mce-ba, mce-so. Tutelar god yi-dam-lha, fugs-darn. Twelve bcu-ynyis; twelfth bcu-ynyis-pa. Twenty nyi-su; twentieth nyi-su-pa. Twice lan-ynyis. Twilight srod, srod-ji/i. Twine s. skud-pa, si-ri W. Twins *f sag-fug*, mfse-ma. Twirling-stick ja-bkr/tg. Twist vb. a. sgrim-pa, ycud-pa, sle-ba. Two ynyis\ \. also do 25G Two-legged rkan-ynyis-pa. Tyrant dpon-po drag-po or drag-sul-can. U Ugly mi-sdug-pa. Ulcer su-ba; ba-su W.; pol, Ihog-pa. Ultimately pugs-na. Umbrella nyi-rib, ydugs . Unable mi ses-pa, can mi ses-pa. Unaccustomed mi gom-pa. Unadulterated ma- dres-pa, lhad-med. Unaware yan-med-la W. Unbearable mi-bzod-pa . Unbecoming 'mi-rigs-pa. Unbelieving ma-dad-pa, dad-med. Unbutton vb. a. c grol-ba. Unchangeable ^gyur-med Unchastity O dod-I6a. Uncle Verdant 665 Uncle Ku-bo; zan(-po'), 'a-zan, 'a-KuW. Unclean mi-ytsan-ba, dri-ma-can; fsi-du W., skyug-bro C. Uncommon fun-min, fun-mom ma yin-pa 234; srol-med, fa-mal-pa ma yin-pa 227- Undefined nes-med. Un der ^.og, ^og-na 501; v. also sam 557. Under-garrnent 'an-fun. Undergo mfon-ba, bzod-pa, snyon-ba. Understand mKy en-pa, go-ba, nos- pi*od- pa, rig-pa, ses-pa; ha-go-ba W. Understanding s. bio, blo-gros-, good (agreement) mfun 241. Undertaking s. rtsom-pa 441. Undoubtedly ydon-mi-za-bar. Uneasy kon-du cud-pa, mifsim-pa, mi dga-ba, mi dga-ste. Unequal mi- dra-ba. Unequalled O gran-ya-med. Uneven rtsub-po. Unexpectedly hun-med-la W., yan-med- la W. ; glo-bur-du, har(-gyis) C. Unfasten ^rol-ba. Unfinished fe-rel W. Unfit adj. mi-run-ba. Unfold Jbu-ba, k'a Jbu-ba. Ungracious brtse-med. Unguent byug-sman. Unhappy bkra-mi-sis-pa, sdug-bsnal-can, yyan-med-pa. Unimpaired ma-nyams-pa. Universally pal-cer. Universe jig-rten. Unjust fsul-med; cos ma yin-pa. Unkind brtse-med. Unmarried (male or female) Kyim-fabs- med; (female) Kyo-med. Unobserved adv. ma-fsor-bar. Unoccupied yan-pa. Unquestionable fag-bcad-paVXl. Unquestionably ydon m Unreasonable mi-rig-pa 528. Unripe rj en-pa. Unsought rtsol-mdd. Unsteady O dug mi fsugs-pa 459. Unsubstantial yzugs-med 494. Unsymmetrical ya-ma-zin'i. Untie O grol-ba. Until bar-du, fug C., fsug-pa W.', pan-la 340, yan-la 506. Untoward mi- dod-pa. Untruth sab-sdb. Up to prep, gan, druit-du, mdun-ilu, /</<m- du W. 289; rtsar 437; adv. yar, yyi n. Upbraid bka-bkyon byed-pa. Up-hill gyen-du. Upon Ka-m, Kar 35, fog-tu 237, sten-du 222. Upper adj. ya-gi', end fog-ma; part stod. Upright (erect) kye-re-, kron-kronW.; (hon- est) cos-dran-po. Up -stairs ya-fog. Urge vb. a. v. nan 302. Urgently nye-bar. Urinary organs cu-so. Urine ycin, cu, dri-cu. Usage (custom) srol. Use vb. a. spyod-pa. Use s. kt'ims; pan-pa', lob-KyddW. Useful dgos-pa, pan-fogs-pa-, to be pan- pa. Useless mi-dgos-^a, pan-med, don-med; con W. 162. Usual fun, tun-mon, pal-pa. Usurp O prog-pa. Utensils lag-ca. Uterus bu-snod, pim-ma. Utmost v. bla-ma 382, ji 172. Utter rjod-pa, <don-pa. XT 1 *7\ V t Uvula Ice-cun. Vacuity ston-pa-nyid 223. Vagina mnal-sgo 132. Vagrant adj. yan-pa. Vain (fond of dress) mcor-po, rdzob-po, col. zab-mo. Valid stobs-can. Valley lun-pa; lower part of a mdo, upper part pu. Valuable dkon-pa, rin-po-ce. Value s. (price) gon, fan, rin; (import- ance) O fcos. Vanish yal-ba, mi-snan-bar Vapour s. nad, rlans^pa. Variegated bkra-ba. Various sna-fsogs, sna-so-sd, so-so, ings mi- Varnish s. rtsi. [fcig-pa. Vegetables sno-fsod, f sod-ma, Idum. Vehicle feg-pa, bzon-pa. Veil s. ydon-Kebs. Vein (of the body) rtsa; (of minerals) yter- Ka 208, rdo-fcd 287. Venerable btsun-pa. Vengeance dugs W.', to take *tlu : i /"/- He, Ian kor-ce* W. Venture vb. spobs-pa. Venus pa(-wa)-sati$. Verdant, the ground becomes - sa O bo C. 395; or sno skye 136. 42* 666 Vermicelli We Vermicelli ycur-pe, cur-ba. Vermilion s. mfsal, fsal. Vermin srin-bu, Jbu. Verse s. rkan-pa 15, fsigs 448. Vertex mgo-dkyil, ytsug. Vertical gyen-la dran-po W. Very rab-tu,sin-tu', ha-canfflb; mdW. 408; the very Ko-na 43. Vessel (receptacle) snod; (anatom.) bu-ga ; (ship) yzins, gru. Vestibule sgo-Jcan. Vestige mat. Vice s. sdig-pa, mi-dge-ba. Vice-roy rgyal-fsab. Vicissitude O gyur-ba II 97. Victorious, to be rgyal-ba. Victory rgyal. Victuals Ka-zds, za-ba, za-ma. Vie with O gran-pa. Vi e w s. snan-ba 317 ; point of (mode of viewing things) mfon-sndn 318, yzigs-sndn ; vb. a. Ita-ba. Vigorous r em-pa. Vile btsog-pa. Vilify smad-pa, dma- bebs-pa, ma-babkal- ba W. 421. Village yul-gru, gron, groh-fso, gron-yul, yul-fso. Villager .gron-pa. Vine rgun, r gun-sin. Vinegar skyur-Ku, skyur-ru Sik., skyur-mo Lh. Vineyard rgun-fsds. Violate (infringe) y cog-pa, O cal-ba; (de- flower) lus smad-pa. Violent drays-po, btsan. Virgin bu-mo, bu-mo ysar-ma. Virtue dge-ba, bsod-pa; by of stobs-kyis 224. Virtuous dge-ba, dge-lddn. Viscid rtsi-can. Vi s h n u tiyab-jug 46. Visible mnon-pa, ysal-po, mfon-du run-ba. Vision (act of seeing) snan-ba, rnfon-snan; range of mfon-Jfar\ (phantom) zal- yzigs. Visit vb. a. zal-lta byed-pa; . . . dan tug- pa-la ^gro-ba, . . . dan mjal-ba orprad-pa. Visitation (inspection) zal-ta, zal-lta. Voice shad, sgra, sgra-skad, resp. ysun\ loud skad-ce. Volcano me-ri. Voluptuousness O dod-pa, O dod-cags. Vomit vb. skyug-pa; s. skyugs-pa. Vortex ftsug. Vow s. fugs-dam, dam, dam-fsig, yi-dam; to make a fugs-dam bca-ba. Vowel dbyans. Vulgar s. dmans 422; adj. fa-mal-pa 227. Vulture go-bo, glag, bya-gldg. W Wag vb, a. sgril-ba. Wages, gla, pogs. Waggon sin-rta; wheel sin-rtai pan-16. Wailing s s. smre-sndgs. Waist rked-pa. Wait vb. n. sgug-pa, sdod-pa, srin-ba\ to on mjal-ba; to lie in sgug-pa; to keep one waiting sgug-tu Jug-pa. Waiting-man sku-mdun-pa, zabs-pyi; drun-Kor. Wake vb. a. sod-pa, ynyid sad-pa. Walk vb. n. bgrod-pa, O grul-ba, ^gro-ba, O cag-pa; resp. skyod-pa, ysegs-pa, Jbyon- pa\ to take a skyo-sarts-la O gro-ba 458; v. also yyens-pa 518; the act of walking O gros; manner of spyod- gros. Wall s. rtsig-pa, Icags-ri, sky a. Walnut star-ka, dar-sga. Wand s. dbyug-gu, dbyu-gu. W T ander Jcyam-pa, rgyu-ba. Want vb. a. dgos-pa, O fsal-ba, Ko-ba; I na-la dgos 87 ; I do not want it n /co-ce med TF.66. ^ War s. Rrug-pa; mag-fab C., mag-fug W. Wardrobe gos-sgdm. Warm adj. dro-ba, dron-mo, fsa-ba. Warm vb.a. sro-ba; dugs-paW.] to one's self Ide-ba. Warmth fsa-graii, drod. Warp s. rgyu. Warrior dmag-mi. Wart mdzer-pa. Wash vb. a. O fcmd-pa, resp. bsil-ba. Washing s. fcrus; water for Jcrus-Ku. Waste adj. gog-po, ston-pa. Watch vb. a. srun-ba. Watchman srun-mKan. Water cu, eleg. cab; carrier cu-pa\ channel wa; closet pyag-ra; ysan- spyod; jar cu-rdzd- snake cu-sbrul; spout O dre-pu-fsub W. ; tub cu-zem. Wave s. rlabs, dba-klon. Wavering s. fsam-fsum. Wax s. spra-fsil C., mum W. Way (road) O gro-sa, lam, (manner) rnam- pa, fobs, lugs, fsul; by or in the of sgo- nas 115; to have the of rigs-pa 528; to give Jbyer-ba; to make Jbyol-ba, O dzur-ba. [<>, ^u-cag. We pron. na 124, na-cag, ned, ned-ran, nos, Weak Word 667 Weak adj. zan-pa, sed-med, sed-cun, hal- med W.; nyams-cun, ^am-po W. Weal (mark) col. nya. Wealth nor, dkor, pyug-Kydd, dbyig(&), byor-pa, lons-spyod 554. Weapon mfson. Wear vb. a. gyon-pa, bgo-ba. Weariness nal-ba, ^o-brgydl. Weary adj., to be skyo-ba, sun-pa. Weary vb. a. nal ^ug-pa; to be wearied nal-ba. Weather, clear ynam dan-ba, ynam dwans, ynam fan; dry fan-pa 229. Weave vb. a. O fag-pa. Weaver fa-ga-pa. Wedge s. ka-ru. Wednesday yza-lhay-ma. Weed s. rtsa-nan. Weeding (the act of) yur-ma. Week bdun-prdg. Weep nu-ba, sum-pa. Weft spun. Weigh vb. a. jal-ba, Q degs-pa, yzal-ba, ysor-ba. Weight rdo 286, sran 580. Welcome, you are ^ons-pa legs-so 501. Welfare bde-ba, bde- jdgs. Well s. Hron-pa, cu-don, O byun-Kuns, cu- miy. Wei 1 adj., are you ? de-mo ' yo C. ; adv. < o-wd 500; very de-ltar O fsal-lo ; well, well! yag-po yag-po; sounding snyan- pa; tasted zim-po. Wen Iba-ba. Went, I went son 579. West nub. Wet adj. rlon-pa, yser-ba; s. rlan. Wether fon-pa. Wh at interr. ci 139, gan 65, ci-ltar 140, ji 172. Whatever ci-yan', it may be ciyanrun 532. Wheat gro\ flour bag-pye. Wheel s. Jior-lo; paddle sku^u. When Ka-ru, Kar- cih', interr. nam, dus- nam-zig 303. Where ga-na, ga-ru, gar; is? ga-re. Whetstone Q dzen. Which interr. gan 65. While s. yun-, a little fen, dar-ftig, re ziy (dus}\ a long rin ziy-tu. Whilst la 540, las 546. Whip s. Icay, rta-lcag. Whirl vb. n. O fsub-pa. Whirlpool ytsuy, ytsuy-Jfyil. Whirlwind O dre-pu-fsub W. Whisper s. sab-sub; vb. sub-pa, sib-pa. Whistle vb. sugs-sgra yton-ba; v. also hu- hu 597. White adj. dkar-ba; wash dkar-rtsi. Whither ga-rii, ga-la 64, gar \\~. Who interr. gan 65, su 573. Whole adj. fams-cdd 230 ; foait-in liril-po', s. ril-po. Wholly yoits-su. Why interr. '/, //-/// 1 ID. /// /'////> ;^5l; ga-la rten-nas 214; interj. ^o-nd 500. Wick s. snyin-po, sdori-ras C., sar W. Wicked adj. cos-med, sdig-j>n-lii <l<m-ba. Wide zen-can, yans-pa, hel-po, hel-can. Widow yugs(s}-sa-wio. Widower yug(s)-sa-pa, yug-sa\ skues-ndg Width A^on, fzen. [C. Wife cun-ma, cun-grogs] 'a-ne W.; Kab 38, Kyo-mo 48; (housewife) /, : t///n- fnf> -mo, Kyim-pa-ma 47. Wild adj. rgod-pa, ynyan-pa. Wilderness dgon pa, O brog. Will s. bsam-pa, fugs, resp. 'fugs-dyons. Willing, to be - O dod-pa. Willow ttan-ma. Wind s. rdzi, rlun; cold ~ lhag(s)-pa. Wind vb.a. dkri-ba, Jh'i-ba, Jcyil-ba, sgril- 6a; vb. n. Jcril-ba. Window rgyal-dkar C.; hole dhir-kiu'i. Windpipe kru-kru W. , Ikog-ma. Wine rgun-can, resp. ryun-skycms\ cait. Wing s. sog-pa, O dao-ma. Wink vb. n. mig Krab-Krdb or fsab-fsdb or O dzum- dzum byed-pa. Winter s. dgun, dgun-ka. Wipe vb. a. O pyi-ba\ to be wiped off Q byi- ba. Wire Icays-skud. Wisdom ye-ses, ses-rdb. Wise adj. mKas-pa, yrun-ba, mdzaiis-pa. Wish s. O dod-pa, yid-smon\ resp. dgons-pa, bzed-don; vb. a. O dod-pa, smon-pa, O fsal- ba, bzed-pa. Witchcraft mfu, pra-mcn. With dan 248, mnyam-du 195, bcas-su. Withdraw vb.a. ycod-pa, mi ster-ba ; vb. n. O gye~ba. Wither vb. n.myid-pa. Within fsun-cdd. Without prep. rned-pa(i'} 418. Witness s. dpan(-po). Wolf spyan-ki. Woman bud-med, mo, 'a-nc W. Womb mnal 132, bu-snod^Vd, rum. Wonder s. ya-mfsan. Wonderful nyams-mfsar-ba, no-mfsar-l>d ; ya-mfsan-po C., ya-mfsan-can W. Wont, Wonted adj. goms-pa. Wood (forest) nags(-ma) y fsal; (timlii'r) .s///; shavings xin-zcl. Woodpecker sin-rgon. Woof spun. Wool bal Word fsif/, min, sgra, nag 125; resp. bka. 668 Work Zodiac Work s. bya-ba, bzo, las, resp. prin-las; vb. a. las byed-pa. Workman las-pa, las-mi. Workmanship bzo 497. Wo r km aster lay-dpon. Workshop bzo-k'an. World sjig-i'ten, srid-pa 582. Worldliness ^ig-rten Q di-la cags-pai sems" v. bya-ba. Worm O bu, srin-bu, nyal-^ro. Worn out cad-po. Worst, to get the of O pam-pa. Worth s. Jcos, 9n-> ^X fan. Worth adj. ri-ba. Worthless rin-med. Worthy ysa, ysa-ma; to be ^os-pa. Wound s. rma, rma-Ha W. Wrap vb. a. dkri-ba; to round sgril-ba; to up Q dril-ba. Wrath Kro-ba, ze-sdan. Wrest vb. a. snol-ba. Wrestle vb. n. snol-ba. Wretched sdug-po', nyal-ba-can W. Wring O fsir-ba. Wrinkle s. ynyer-ma. Wrist lag-fsigs. Write O bri-ba. Wrong adj. mi-rigs-pa, log-pa, mi-^os-pa; ^os-med W. Wry adj. O cu-ba, O cus-pa 170. Yak yyag; male po-yydg; female - Jbri- mo; wild O bron. Yard (court-yard) kyams. Yarn snal-ma, sran-bu. Yawn vb. glal-ba, sgyih-ba 118. Yea ^o-nd 500. Year fo; this da-lo. Yeast pabs, rtsabs. Yellow sw-po. Yes ^o t de yin; 'a W.; yes, yes! de-ka yod 255; , so it is de-de-bzin-no. Yesterday Ka-rtsdn, mdan. Yet ^on kyan, yin kyan , yin na yan W.; gal-te. Yield vb. a. yton-ba\ vb. n. dan-du len-pa. Yoke of oxen glan-dor. Yonder pa-gi. You pron. tfyed, Jcyod 48, nyid 188- Young adj. yzon~pa, cun-ba; the youngest (son) fa-cun" s. prug. Youth s. (youthful age) lan-fso] (boy or young man) Kyeu, yzon-nu. Zeal rtsol-ba, brtson-^rus, O bad~pa, bag- cags. Zealous brtson- gi*us dan ldan-pa; to be , brtson-par byed-pa. Zealously rtsol-bar. Zero fig-le. Zinc ti-fsa. Zodiac Kyim-gyi Jcor-lo. Final remark. The Tibetan words, given in the Vocabulary, are not in every instance, to be regarded as exact equivalents for whatever word happens to be sought, but rather as hints, how to attain to the wished for expression. It will, therefore, be frequently in- dispensable to refer to the Tib. Engl. Dictionary for further explanation, and to examine the different bearings and relations of the word in question, so far as they may have been traced there. Although this Vocabulary is by no means complete in itself, yet it is to be hoped that it will not prove quite unuseful, but answer the purpose for which it was intended. CORRECTIONS. A revision of the Dictionary has brought such a number of misprints to light that, on second thoughts, it seems absolutely necessary not to leave them unnoticed, but to register all that are of any consequence. The unfortunate fact, that such corrections should be required, has to be ascribed to two circumstances, in regard to which the reader's indulgence has already been appealed to in the Preface, namely, the author's weak state of health, and the difficulties with which the printing of a book of this character is necessarily attended. p. page; a b the respective column, left or right; 1. line; when the lines are counted from foot of page, the numerals are provided with an asterisk. p. col. 1. 2 a 8 read ka-ma-la-si-la 2 b 17 ka-saju 3 b 3* to beckon 8 a 18 tad-kyi 9 b 21 dka-fub-la 15 a 9 16 a 19* ta-h-hlum-po rkan-Jbdm 16 b 7* 17 a 9* dig out affix denoting 17 a 19* 20 b 10* rkyan-pa frequently 21 a 6 skal-nor 21 b 2 n te 26 a 5 skyan 27 a 11* skyil-ldir 27 b 13* 28 a 6 skyur-mo yyan-skyur 28 a 15* re-born 28 b 19 kyer-men 31 b 16* lag-len 32 b 16 dele 2. to paste. 32 b 5* read skra-sen 33 a 5* K 33 b 7 dd-ru skrog-pa 33 b 12 caste 34 a 5 soft mouth 34 a 15* to lie on the face 35 b 2* tia-yddms 38 a 1 Ids-ka 38 a 10 Ld. 39 a 6 zas fcam ycig id. 2. 41 a 20 Kug-tu 41 a 4* ma-Kun 44 a 18 kog-pa nan-pa p. col. 1. 51 a 14* 52 b 24 54 b 13 56 b 5 67 76 b 77 b 78 79 a 81 a 84 b 85 b 15 20* 59 a 10* 59 b 20* 63 a 6* 65 a 24* 66 a 16* 66 a 14* 66 b 15 20 b 17* a 18 a 13* a 11 b 22* 18 11 86 b 11 read Knms-Kdn ,. Vd-pa* requisites Jco-byed Q Kyam-pa ^od-Jfyims = gan. 3. bald, W. ga- pi (v. spyi 333). ^on-ba de-ni gan-zdg- log-lta-can-gyi mdzod-liid gun-dum gydd-kyi gyi for kyi gyon-rgmi fab-grabs grog-cu mcod-rten -rtsed-mo stoop 87 19 mdo'j d(/e-sl6ri-ma a nun: dge-slob-ma etc. bstdn-pa-la 670 Corrections p. co]. 1. 89 b 2* read ces bgros-nas 92 a 4 55 'u-sog 95 a 11* 55 nan- 95 b 3 J5 o?ppr*r 95 b 21 55 establish 96 a 10* o gor 96 b 1 O gydg-pa 96 b 3 55 O gyan-ba 96 b 15 55 sel-gyi 98 a 14 O gyod-par 111 b 22 55 *ZTTJ* 112 a 20* ^> 1 tin~ne- dzin 113 b 7 _ na-fsa 121 a 20 bsgrub- 122 a 4 vide emendation p. XXII. 122 a 8* read IPK^O' 122 b 24* sgron-pa 128 a 4 55 ned-cag 128 b 4 de- dra-ba 128 b 6 55 O ci-ba 128 b 2* no dkdr-po 131 a 16*seqc 1 O dzin 132 1) 5* cis 132 b 3* mnon-no 135 a 4 Lex. 139 b 6 cii of what? 140 b 1 3^" 141 b 17 cun 143 a 20* 55 gallinaceous 146 b 10*, 8* *vcu* 147 b 23 55 *vcom-ldan - O dti* 158 a 17 55 cu-bitr 158 1) 14* the water; also = = 161 163 b b 10* 10* 55 55 dris-pas (instead cos-skad of 164 a 3* irreligious 165 b 18* 55 mce-ba 166 b 15 55 ^ 168 b 20* zd-ba 170 a 13 55 O cu-ba to draw etc. 170 a 22 55 vb. n. to jun-pa 170 b 2* 55 /cro-bo - col-pa 171 a 12 55 Lex. 176 b 24 55 J)ig-tdg 177 a 5 55 jin-Kun 184 b 10* 55 nyd-ra byed-pa 185 a 13* ^ dpon-qyi 186 b 4* 55 nyal-Kri 195 a 21 55 *mnye-ce*' P- col. 1. 200 a 13* read t^" 205 a 4 Cs. 219 b 7 ,, ma byed 226 a 11* _ 178,3. Was. (296): 2. 231 b 7 fig-skud 232 a 3* 55 zib-cu 233 b 18 Ld.-Glr., 233 b 23* 55 translates it 233 b 19* 55 *fun cad* W. 235 b 24 mi-feg Kur-ba 237 a 9* 55 rid- fog 237 b 15 55 spyi-fog 238 a 14* 55 fod 256 a 9 55 from thence 256 b 12 J! ^'W 259 b 14 55 don l. don-dam 264 b 7* 55 f^'Sf 265 a 10 like an arctic sea 267 a 14 dele (Pinus abies) 270 b 14 read bdc-mo 273 b 2* ^t*ft 274 a 4* dele the words: marked or 275 a 9seqq. read O das-pa 275 b 6* 55 pyi 287 b 16 55 precious stone 287 b 22 n Pth. having obtained ii mortality Jbrug sddn-ba sdig-to-can 291 a 5 292 b 23 293 a 3* 293 b 1 301 b 22 lo ton-ni 303 b 23 zin-to 304 b 22 prep. 305 b 21* 312 a 3* 316 b 8 12* 14 8* 10 4 a 17 a 18* a 14* b 2* 195 b 6 195 b 7* ynyid 317 318 322 325 326 327 328 338 338 340 a 21 340 b 17 353 b 15 354 a 9* smin-f>a apparition brightly dkdr^-po} gru- dzin Durga, Uma zdg-pe pe kon-jo the defunct ancestors ,. postp. c. gen. abstrusely Gram. ; 5, Jug-pa O prdl-ba Corrections 67 P- col . 1. P- col . 1. 357 b 12* read p6ii-mKan 466 b 11* read whetstone 374 12* ncnycn 474 a 20* soothe 480 a 13 yzal-med-kan-bzan 383 b 10* ^]'Ri$* gla- fso 493 b 18 Sik. ' N ' 496 a 5 yzod 389 a 12* dbon-mo 4% a 18 wasted 407 a 17* ftrsf 508 b 12 so yi ycod-pa, yi c dd-pa I 522 a 2,3 r ddn-mo 410 b 13* circle ^ 412 b 21*, 19* mi-Kyim 530 h 5 n ^MiN 415 a 24* to name v. O dogs-pa 2; 540 a 4 of 427 a 12 sman-wicog 567 a 5* 7, prop. 431 a 1* ,. tsdm-gyis 576 a 14* < tkyo-seti mdzdd-pa 433 439 a a 2* 19 yan mii 578 b 3 M ^f ^jcn* so-pdg 439 b 14* O gro- (or ca-) rtsis yod 587 a 20,21 nyon-mons-kyi kun-sldn 442 442 a b 7* 17 nydn-ce assiduous 589 a 1 qppj-^c- 446 a 3* fsan-zug 591 b 23* vb. 1. to beg, to pray = 449 a 12* travellers zu-ba 460 b 10 O fso-ba 592 a 9 (the king's) soul In several of the longer articles some confusion in the use of the figures in large and small type has oc- curred. In order to restrict this catalogue within the smallest possible limits, these and other slight inaccuracies have not been entered. Printed by Unger Brothers (Th. Grimm), Berlin SW. University of California SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1388 Return this material to the library frorn which it wss borrowed. , Form I JSSSHSSK^OMia ""^^^BH 000 020 399 2