V I R G I I 
 
 IN 
 
 ENGLISH RHYTHM. 
 
 WITH ILLUSTRATION'S FROM THE BRITISH POETS, FROM 
 CHAUCER TO COWPER. 
 
 BY THE 4/',/"^' 
 
 REV. ROBERT CORBET SINGLETON, M.A., 
 
 FIRST WARDEN OF ST. PETHR'S COLLEGE, RADLEY. 
 
 A MANUAL FOR MASTER AND SCHOLAR. 
 
 " Hie ilia ducis Meliboei 
 Parva Philoctetae subnixa Petelia muro." — ^En. III., 401, 2. 
 
 " Sweet Poetiry's 
 A flow'r, where men, like bees and spiders, may 
 Bear poison, or else sweets and wax, away : 
 Be venom-drawing spiders they that will, 
 I'll be the bee, and suck the honey still." 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Four Plays in One. 
 
 SECOND EDITION, 
 
 RE-WRITTEN AND ENLARGED. 
 
 LONDON: 
 BELL AND DALDY, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 
 
 1 87 1. 
 

 1 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAJIFOKD STKEKI 
 AND CHARING CROSS. 
 
 5^3^i-Sl 
 
PREFATORY REMARKS. 
 
 It would scarcely seem to need any proof that, when the work of 
 a Poet is to be translated from one language into another, the poetic 
 character should still be observed ; nor is it less obvious that, if the 
 object of the undertaking is the benefit of the youthful scholar, the 
 strictest regard should be had to accuracy in the process. Further, 
 it would appear to be quite indispensable that, whatever may be the 
 design of the operation, easy numbers in the original should be 
 represented by harmonious arrangement in the version. 
 
 How far any free Translation can be of real service in the case of 
 the more advanced student, is a question with which the Author of 
 the following attempt has no present concern, as he designs his 
 book for the advantage of those to whom such freedom would, 
 in his opinion, be a positive injury ; for his object has been to 
 afford assistance to the classical Teacher in the instruction of 
 his young disciples, and to these latter all such laxness would surely 
 be a serious evil. It is for this reason that, in producing Virgil 
 in a new English dress for their benefit, he has endeavored to 
 combine the three great requisites already alluded to — rigid 
 exactness, poetic diction, and rhythmical flow. 
 
 In carrying out this design, the Author has thought it necessary 
 to submit to certain restrictions, from which had he relieved him- 
 self, his work would have lost in usefulness, though he would have 
 gained by increased facility in the execution of it. For instance, 
 among other reasons, with a view to facilitate the process of con- 
 struing, the Latin words have been rendered according to the oixier 
 in which they appear in the original, so far at least as seemed oon- 
 
 r^ '> 9 1 f^ I 
 
i V PREFA TOR V REMARKS. 
 
 sistent with a necessary regard to the English idiom, and the 
 reasonable requirements of the rhythm. Then, again, no single 
 word in the Latin has ever been consciously passed over without 
 the supply of its English equivalent. Further, it has often happened 
 that a passage might have been rendered much more effective by 
 the employment of words different from those which have been 
 used ; yet, notwithstanding the temptation to introduce them, they 
 have been rejected, simply because fidelity to the Latin demanded 
 others. 
 
 Were it not, indeed, for such ties as these, the present work, 
 instead of being a close Translation for the schoolboy, might with 
 much less of trouble have been turned into a Poem for the general 
 reader. Still, though it is not intended for the latter class, it is 
 only fair to observe that any one who desires to see in English what 
 Virgil says in his own tongue, will probably find him presented 
 here in as agreeable a form as that of any prose version, which 
 should aim at equal faithfulness, and be fettered by the same 
 restrictions. 
 
 The Translation is accompanied by copious extracts from the 
 British Poets from an early date down to the beginning of the 
 present century. This has been done, not only to meet the tastes 
 of those for whom parallelisms have a great attraction, but also to 
 impart to the young student a love for English poetry itself, by in- 
 troducing him to its greatest masters, whose remains are conspicuous 
 for their genius, beauty, and power. 
 
 York, June 1. 1871. 
 
THE ECLOGUES. 
 
 Eclogue I. TITYRUS. 
 
 MELIBCEUS. TITYRUS. 
 
 Melibceus. Thou, Tityrus, reclining under- 
 neath 
 A canopy of widely-spreading beech, 
 Thy woodland song upon the slender pipe 
 Dost practise ; we our patrimony's bourns, 
 And charming fields, are leaving ; native 
 
 land 
 We fly : thou, Tit'rus, easy in the shade, 
 Do^t teach the woods with Amaryll the fair 
 To ring. 
 
 Tityrus. O, Meliboeus, 'tis a god 
 
 These restful hours for us hath gained. 
 
 For he 
 Shall ever be a god to me : his altar oft lo 
 A tender lambkin from our folds shall steep. 
 He hath allowed my kine to rove at large — 
 As thou perceivest — and myself to play 
 What [airs] I list upon my rural reed. 
 Mel. In sooth I envy not ; I marvel 
 more : 
 
 Line 3-5. The complaint of Meliboeus somewhat 
 resembles that of Colin in Spenser's SJuftua rcTs^ 
 Calender, June 13-16 : ~~~ 
 
 " Thy lovely lay es here maist thou freely boste ; 
 But I, unhappie man ! whom cruell Fate 
 And angrie gods pursue from coste to coste, 
 Can no where finde to shroude my luckless 
 pate." 
 
 Elsewhere Colin follows the example of Tityrus, 
 but surpasses his prototype ; Colin Clout, 636 : 
 *' The speaking woods, and murmuring waters fall. 
 Her name I'll teach in knowen termes to frame ; 
 
 And eke my lambs, when for their dams they call, 
 I'll teach to call for Cynthia by name." 
 
 Shakespeare, with great beauty : 
 " Holla your name to the reverberate hills, 
 
 And make the babbling gossip of the air 
 
 Cry out, ' Olivia !' " Twelfth Ni^kt . i. 5. 
 
 Elsewhere, somewhat differently : 
 " Bondage is hoarse, and may not speak aloud ; 
 
 Else would I tear the cave where Echo lies. 
 
 And make her airy tongue more hoarse than mine, 
 
 With repetition of my Romeo's name." 
 
 Ro meo and Jul iet, ii. 2. 
 
 7. J. Fletcher has " Amaryll" for "Amaryllis," 
 where the metre required it ; c. g., The Faithful 
 Sfupherdess, v. 3. 
 
 Through the whole country roimd to such 
 
 extent 
 Confusion reigns. Lo ! I [these] female 
 
 goats 
 Myself am driving onward, sick at heart ; 
 This, too, with effort, Tityrus, I lead. 
 For here, among the clustered hazel-shrubs. 
 Twins having yeaned but now, my hope of 
 
 flock, 21 
 
 Alas ! she left them on the naked flint. 
 Oft this mischance to us — had not my wit 
 Been stupid — I remember that the oaks, 
 Blasted from heav'n, foretold j [this] oft 
 
 foretold 
 The luckless crow from out the hollow holnu 
 But ne'ertheless, that deity of thine 
 Who may he be, impart, O Tityrus, 
 Tons. 
 
 Tit. The city which they title " Rome," 
 O Meliboeus, I, a simpleton, 30 
 
 Deemed like to this of ours, whither oft 
 We shepherds are accustomed down to drive 
 The ewes' soft offspring. So I knew that 
 
 whelps 
 Were like to dogs, so kidlings to their dams ; 
 So with the petty to compare the great 
 Was I accustomed. But as high hath this 
 'Mong other cities lifted up her head, 
 
 24. " As when Heaven's fire 
 
 Hath scath'd the forest oaks, or mountain pines ; 
 With singM top their stately growth, though bare, 
 Stands on the blasted heath." Milton, P ^^ i^ 
 
 "My piteous plight in yonder naked tree, 
 Which bears the thunder-scar, too plain I see ; 
 Quite destitute it stands of shelter kind. 
 The mark of storms, and sport of every wind." 
 A. PhUiBgu5«<iiL„ 
 
 26. " For did you ever hear the dusky raven 
 Chide blackness T" 
 
 Tol^ ft \Vet)?i | tP»'. Vittoria Corombona, v. x. 
 
 36. " Look down, Drusilla. on these lofty towers, 
 These spacious streets, where every private house 
 Appears a palace to receive a king : 
 The site, the wealth, the beauty of the place. 
 Will soon inform thee 'tis imperious Rome : 
 Rome, the great mistrc:»s of the conquered world." 
 J. Fl etcher^ The Pnf httess, iL 3. 
 
V. 26 — 36. 
 
 ECLOGUE L 
 
 V. 37—55. 
 
 As cypresses are wcnc among the lithe 
 Wayfaring bushes. ^ , 
 
 Mel: Pray,' What provecf to thee 
 So gra/fc a reason for thy seeing Rome ? 40 
 
 Tit. 'Twas Freedom, which, [though] 
 late, yet cast a look 
 Upon an idle man, when once his beard 
 More silv'ry to the shaver 'gan to fall. 
 Yet did she look, and after length of time 
 She came, since us doth Amaryllis own, 
 [Us] Galatee hath left. For — seeing I 
 Will it avow — so long as Galatee 
 Enthralled us, there was neither hope 
 Of freedom, nor for perquisite concern. 
 Though many a victim issued from my folds. 
 And for the thankless city oily cheese 51 
 Was pressed, ne'er laden with a coin for me. 
 Did [this] my right hand to my home return. 
 
 43. Tendeftti, the "barber," should the reader 
 prefer it : but it may be supposed that a slave 
 would shave his own beard when cash was scarce. 
 A barber would find some difficulty in giving such 
 a spendthrift as Tityrus any credit 
 
 45. Tityrus seems to have been somewhat in the 
 condition of Cowley, if we may judge from his 
 ballad of infinite playfulness, the Chronicle ; e. g. : 
 
 " Mary then, and gentle Anne, 
 Both to reign at once began : 
 Alternately they sway'd ; 
 And sometimes Mary was the fair. 
 And sometimes Anne the crown did wear. 
 And sometimes both I obeyed." 
 
 46. Perhaps it was his own fault, like Thenot's 
 in Fletcher's Faithful Sheplierdess, iv. 5 : 
 
 " Oh, hapless love, which, being answered, ends ! 
 And, as a little infant cries and bends 
 His tender brows, when, rolling of his eye. 
 He hath espied something that glisters nigh. 
 Which he would have ; yet, give it him, away 
 He throws it straight, and cries afresh to play 
 With something else : such my affection, set 
 On that which I should loathe if I could get." 
 Perhaps it was Galatea's : 
 
 ' ' Go, false one ! now I see the cheat : 
 Your love was all a counterfeit. 
 And I was galled to think that you. 
 Or any she, could long be true.' 
 How could you once so kind appear, 
 To kiss, to sigh, to shed a tear, 
 To cherish and caress me so, 
 And now not let, but bid, me go ?" 
 
 Charles Coiion'Sonnet. 
 48. " For such a foole I doe him firmly hold. 
 
 That loves his fetters, though they were of gold." 
 Spenser, i'". Q., iii. 9, 8. 
 
 51. Tityrus would probably have been dissatisfied 
 with Cicero : 
 
 ** Should Rome, for whom you've done the happY 
 service. 
 Turn most ingrate, yet were your virtue paid 
 In conscience of the fact: so much good deeds 
 Reward themselves !" 
 
 Bea JonsQB, Catiline, iii. 2. 
 
 52. The cause of Tityrus coming home with 
 empty purse was the same that enriched Autolycus, 
 at the Clown's expense, in Shakegfigare's Winier's 
 Tale, iv. 3; 
 
 Mel. I used to marvel, Amaryllis, why. 
 In sorrow, on the gods thou wouldest call ; 
 For whom thou would'st allow the fruits to 
 
 hang 
 Upon their native tree : 'twas Tityrus 
 Was absent hence. The very pines on 
 
 thee, 
 
 Tityrus, on thee the very springs, 
 These very copses called. 
 
 Tit. What could I do ? 60 
 
 1 neither from my bondage could escape. 
 Nor elsewhere come to know such kindly 
 
 gods. 
 Here I that youth, O Meliboeus, saw, 
 T' whom yearly twice six days our altars 
 
 smoke ; 
 'Twas here to me, his suppliant, he first 
 Vouchsafed the answer, " Feed, as hitherto, 
 Your oxen, O my swains, break in your 
 
 bulls." 
 Mel. O blest old man, then thine thy 
 
 fields shall bide ! 
 Yea, large enough for thee, though naked 
 
 stone 
 May [cover] all, and fen with oozy rush 70 
 The pastures overlay. No wontless food 
 Shall harm the breeding females great with 
 
 young. 
 Nor scathful contact with a neighbor flock 
 Shall damage them. O blest old man, thou 
 
 here. 
 Amid familiar streams and hallowed springs, 
 Shalt snatch the shady cool. On hither 
 
 side. 
 The hedge, which at th' adjoining boundary 
 Hath aye its willow-blossom made a feast 
 By bees of Hybla, oft shall thee entice 
 
 " If I were not in love with Mopsa, thou shouldst 
 take no money of me ; but being enthralled as I 
 am, it will also be the bondage of certain ribands 
 and gloves." 
 
 67. " You virgins, that did late despair 
 To keep your wealth from cruel men. 
 Tie up in silk your careless hair. 
 Soft peace is come again. 
 Now lovers' eyes may gently shoot 
 
 A flame that will not kill ; 
 The drum was angry, but the lute 
 Shall whisper what you will. 
 Sing lo, lo ! for his sake, 
 
 Who hath restored your drooping heads ; 
 With choice of sweetest flowers, make 
 
 A garden where he treads : 
 Whilst we whole groves of laurel bring, 
 
 A petty triumph to his brow, 
 Who is the master of our spring, 
 And all the bloom we owe." 
 
 Shirley, The Imposture, i. 2. 
 76. Or — " Shalt shady cool enjoy." 
 
 See Eel. ii. /. 12. 
 79. " There flowery hill Hymettus, with the sound 
 Of bees' industrious murmur, oft invites 
 To studious musing." Milton, P. R. b. iv. 
 
V. 56 — 66. 
 
 ECLOGUE I. 
 
 V. 66—80. 
 
 By gentle murmuring to drop to sleep. 80 
 On th' other side, beneath the lofty rock, 
 The pruner shall be warbling to the gales ; 
 Nor yet, meanwhile, hoarse culvers, thy 
 
 delight, 
 Nor turtle, cease from tow'ring elm to coo. 
 u it. Then sooner nimble harts shall feed 
 
 in air. 
 And seas leave fishes bar^ upon the strand ; 
 Sooner, — both countries' frontiers traversed 
 
 o'er, — 
 Or Parthian exile shall the Arar drink, 
 Or Germany the Tigris, than /its looks 
 Can from my bosom fade away. 
 
 Mel. But we, 90 
 
 Some hence shall pass to Afric's thirsty sons; 
 At Scythia others of us shall arrive, 
 
 84. " Making that murm'ring noise that cooing 
 doves 
 Use in the soft expression of their loves." 
 Dryden, The Indian Qiteen, iii. i. 
 " No more shall meads be decked with flowers. 
 
 Nor sweetness dwell in rosy bowers ; 
 
 Nor greenest buds on branches spring. 
 
 Nor warbling birds delight to sing ; 
 
 Nor April violets paint the grove, 
 
 Ere I forget my Celia's love." 
 
 CareuvZyi^ Protestation. 
 
 Shakespeare uses the powerful aid of impossi- 
 bilities for a different purpose ; Merchant 0/ 
 Venice, iv. 1 : 
 " You may as well go stand upon the beach. 
 
 And bid the main flood bate his usual height ; 
 
 You may as well use question with the wolf. 
 
 Why he hath made the ewe bleat for the lamb ; 
 
 You may as well forbid the mountain pines 
 
 To wag their high tops, and to make no noise, 
 
 When they are fretted with the gusts of heaven. 
 
 As seek to soften that, his Jewish heart." 
 
 And again, in Coriolanus, v. 3 : 
 " Then let the pebbles on the hungry beach 
 
 Fillip the stars ; then let the mutinous winds 
 
 Strike the proud cedars 'gainst the fiery sun. 
 
 Murdering impossibility, to make 
 
 What cannot be, slight work." 
 91. " But poorer now than poverty itself;" 
 
 " Now, like a sea-tost navy in a storm. 
 Must we be severed unto divers shores?" 
 
 Webster, The IVeakest goeth to the Wall, ii, 3. 
 " Thou hast forced 
 
 My heart to sigh, my hands to beat my breast. 
 
 My feet to travel, and my eyes to weep." iii. 1. 
 
 Qol^igiaith feelingly alludes to the miseries of 
 
 exile : ~ 
 
 *' Have we not seen, at pleasure's lordly call. 
 The smiling, long-frequented village fall ? 
 Beheld the duteous son, the sire decay'd. 
 The modest matron, and the blushing maid. 
 Forced from their homes, a melancholy train. 
 To traverse climes beyond the western main ; 
 k Where wild Oswego spreads her swamps around, 
 
 \ And Niagara stuns with thundering sound ?" 
 
 Traveller, 
 Again in the Deserted Village : 
 
 " Ah, no ! To distant climes, a dreary scene. 
 Where half the convex world intrudes between. 
 Through torrid tracts with fainting steps they go. 
 Where wild Altaina murmurs to their woe." 
 
 And Crete's swift Axus; at the Britons, too, 
 Cut off completely by the whole of earth. 
 Ix> ! shall I ever, [though] a long time hence. 
 My native bourns, and huml)le cabin's roof, 
 Uppiled with turf, some beards of com — 
 
 my realm — 
 Hereafter viewing, be in wonder held ? 
 Shall these fresh-broken lands, so finely 
 
 tilled, 
 A godless soldier hold ? a foreigner 100 
 These crops of corn ? Behold ! to what a 
 
 pass 
 Disunion us poor citizens hath brought ! 
 Behold ! for whom we've sown the fields 1 
 
 Graft now 
 Thy pear-trees, Meliboeus, range arow 
 Thy vines. Away! my goats, once happy 
 
 flock. 
 Away! You nevermore shall I, [while] 
 
 stretched 
 Within the verdant grot, see hanging far 
 Adown the braky cliff; no carols I 
 Shall sing; with me to feed you, O my 
 
 goats, 
 No [more] upon the cytisus in bloom, no 
 And bitter sprays of willow, shall you 
 
 browse. 
 Til. Yet here this night hadst thou along 
 
 with me 
 
 " Far different these from every former scene, — 
 The cooling brook, the grassy-vested green. 
 The breezy covert of the warbling grove. 
 That only shelter'd thefts of harmless love." 
 
 94. So Ambrose Philips, with a pleasing variety ; 
 
 Past. 2 : 
 
 " Sweet are thy banks ! Oh, when shall I once more 
 With ravish'd eyes review thine amell'd shore i 
 When in the crystal of thy waters scan 
 Each feature faded, and my colour wan ? 
 When shall I see my hut, the small abode 
 Myself did raise, and cover o'er with sod ? 
 Small though it be, a mean and humble cell, 
 Yet is there room for peace and me to dwell." 
 
 100. " His stubborn hands my net hath broken 
 quite ; 
 My fish, the ^erdon of my toil and pain, 
 He causeless seized, and, with ungrateful spite. 
 Bestowed upon a less deserving swain : 
 The cost and labour mine, his all the gain." 
 P. Fletcher, £cl. ii. 7. 
 
 " So many new-bom flies his light gave life to. 
 Buzz in his beams, flesh-flies and butterflies. 
 Hornets, and humming scarabs, that not one 
 
 honey-bee. 
 That's loaden with true labour, and brings home 
 Increase and credit, can 'scape rifling; 
 And what she sucks for sweet, they turn to bit- 
 terness." J. Fletcher, 'The Loyal Suiject, ii. 5. 
 
 112. So Spenseif's She//uurds CaleruUr, Sep- 
 tember, 254: 
 " But if to my cotage thou wilt resort. 
 So as I can I will thee comfort : 
 There mayst thou ligge in a vetchy bed. 
 Till fairer Fortune shew forth his head." 
 
V. 81—83. 
 
 ECLOGUE IT. 
 
 V. 84. 
 
 Been able on the leaf of green to rest. 
 With us are mellow apples, chestnuts soft, 
 And store of curded milk ; and now afar 
 The roof-tops of the rural houses smoke, 
 
 113. The young student may be referred to Ec. 
 ix. 50, where he will see that poma is used of 
 pears. 
 
 116. Milton treats the idea in the closing line 
 dlflerently : 
 
 " And now the sun had stretched out all the hills." 
 
 Lycidas. 
 
 And longer fall from lofty mounts the 
 shades. 
 
 Collins, with a further variety ; Ec. iii. : 
 
 ** While evening dews enrich the glittering glade. 
 And the tall forests cast a longer shade." 
 
 Dryden applies the idea figuratively to the de- 
 clining age of David, king of Israel : 
 " Behold him setting in the western skies, 
 
 The shadows lengthening as the vapours rise." 
 Absalom and Achitophel, 268, 9. 
 
 Eclogue II. ALEXIS. 
 
 The shepherd Corydon with fervor loved 
 The fair Alexis, darling of his lord ; 
 Nor had he aught to hope : only among 
 Tlie clustered beeches, shade-abounding 
 
 crests, 
 He used unceasingly to come : he there 
 Would these unstudied [verses], all alone. 
 To mounts and forests fling with idle zeal. 
 
 O barbarous Alexis, reckest thou 
 Naught of my lays? no pity hast for me? 
 Thou in the end wilt goad me on to die. 10 
 Now e'en the cattle snatch the shades and 
 
 cool ; 
 Now e'en the thorny brakes green lizards 
 
 shroud ; 
 And Thestylis for reapers, faint with raging 
 
 heat. 
 Together bruises garlic and wild thyme, 
 Herbs strong of odor : but along with me, 
 
 Lhte 6, 7. " Give sorrow words : the grief, that 
 
 does not speak, 
 Whispers the o'er fraught heart, and bids it break." 
 
 Macbeth, iv. 3. 
 " Unkindness, do thy office ! poor heart, break ! 
 Those are the killing griefs, which dare not 
 speak." Webster, Vittoria Coroinbona, ii. i. 
 g. " Mercy hangs upon your brow, like a precious 
 jewel, 
 
 O let not then. 
 Most lovely maid, best to be loved of men. 
 Marble lie upon your heart, that will make you 
 cruel ! 
 
 Pity, pity, pity ! 
 Pity, pity, pity ! 
 That word begins that ends a true-love ditty." 
 T. Middleton, Blurt, iii. i. 
 13. Milton makes ^zV Thestylis assist the reapers 
 in a different way, assigning the culinary depart- 
 ment to Phillis : 
 
 " Hard by, a cottage-chimney smokes. 
 From betwixt two aged oaks, 
 Where Corydon and Thyrsis met. 
 Are at their savoury dinner set 
 Of herbs and other country messes, 
 Which the neat-handed Phyllis dresses ; 
 And then in haste her bower she leaves. 
 With Thestylis to bind the sheaves." 
 
 U Allegro. 
 
 Thy footsteps while I trace, ring out the trees 
 With hoarse cicadas 'neath a blazing sun. 
 Was it not better brook the rueful wrath 
 Of Amaryllis, and her haughty scorn ? 
 Not [better brook] Menalcas? e'en though 
 he 20 
 
 Were swarthy, e'en though thou wert fair. 
 
 lovely boy, trust not too much thy hue : 
 White privets drop, dark martagons are 
 
 culled. 
 By thee am I disdained; nor who I am 
 Dost thou, Alexis, ask ; how rich in flock, 
 How full to overflow in snowy milk. 
 A thousand lambs of mine upon the mounts 
 Of Sic'ly wander ; new milk fails me not 
 In summer-tide, nor in the [wintry] cold. 
 
 1 chant [the lays] which used — if e'er his 
 
 droves 30 
 
 He called — Amphion, of Dircaean [birth], 
 On Attic Aracynth. Nor am I so 
 Uncomely. Late I viewed me on the shore, 
 
 21. " Why, sir? black 
 
 (For 'tis the colour that offends your eyesight,) 
 Is not within my reading, any blemish : 
 Sables are no disgrace in heraldry." 
 
 Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, ii. i. 
 27. " Two thousand sheep have I as white as milk. 
 Though not so sweet as is thy lovely face ; 
 The pasture rich, the wool as soft as silk : 
 All this I give, let me possess thy grace." 
 
 Sir Philip Sidney, The Lady of May. 
 "An hundred udders for the pail I have, 
 That give me milk and curds, that make me cheese 
 To cloy the markets ; twenty swarm of bees, 
 Whilk all the summer hum about the hive. 
 And bring me wax and honey in *bilive." 
 
 B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. i. 
 33. This may call to mind the language of Eve : 
 " And laid me down .... to look into the clear 
 Smooth lake, that to me seemed another sky. 
 As I bent down to look, just opposite 
 A shape within the watery gleam appeared. 
 Bending to look on me : I started back, 
 It started back ; but pleased, I soon returned." 
 Milton, P. L., iv. 
 
 * " Bilive," with life, quickly. 
 
▼. a 6 — 4a. 
 
 ECLOGUE 11. 
 
 ^. 43-59. 
 
 When quiet through the breezes stood the 
 
 sea : 
 I should not Daphnis fear, thyself the judge, 
 Since never doth reflection's form beguile. 
 Oh ! could it but thy pleasure be with me 
 The paltry farms, and unobtrusive cots. 
 To haunt, and pierce the harts, and drive 
 
 in group 
 The flock of kidlings to the mallow green ! 
 With me together in the forests thou 41 
 Shalt copy Pan in singing. Pan first taught 
 To brace together divers reeds with wax ; 
 Pan guards the sheep and keepers of the 
 
 sheep. 
 Nor let it irk thee with a reed to chafe 
 Thy tiny lip : that he these very [strains] 
 Might master, what did not Amyntas do ? 
 I have, with seven unequal hemlock-reeds 
 Close set, a pipe, which for a gift to me 
 Damoetas whilom gave, and, dying, said, 50 
 "Thee now doth this its second master 
 
 own." 
 Damoetas spoke ; the fool Amyntas grudged. 
 Morep'er, two roes, discovered by myself 
 In no safe glen, their coats e'en still be- 
 sprent 
 With white, a ewe's twain udders daily 
 
 drain : 
 Which I for thee reserve. This long time 
 past, 
 
 33. Carew gives another turn to the idea : 
 " Stand still, you floods ! do not deface 
 That image which you bear : 
 So votaries, from every place, 
 
 To you shall altars rear. 
 No winds but lovers' sighs blow here, 
 
 To trouble these glad streams, 
 On which no star from any sphere 
 
 Did ever dart such beams. 
 To crystal, then, in haste congeal, 
 Lest you should lose your bliss ; 
 And to my cruel fair reveal 
 How cold, how hard she is." 
 Sight of a Gentlewoman's /ace in the Water. 
 " And fair my flock, nor yet uncomely I, 
 If liquid fountains flatter not : — and why 
 Should liquid fountains flatter us, yet show 
 The bordering flowers less beauteous than they 
 
 grow?" A. Philips, /'^w/. I. 
 
 38. See C. Cotton's " Invitation to Phillis:' Also 
 Note on /En. vi. /. 248. 
 
 " I must have you 
 To my country villa : rise before the sun. 
 Then make a breakfast of the morning dew. 
 Served up by Nature on some grassy hill : 
 You'll find it nectar." 
 
 Philip Massinger, The Guardian, i. i. 
 44. " Sing his praises, that doth keep 
 Our flocks from harm. 
 Pan, the father of our sheep ; 
 
 And arm in arm 
 Tread we softly in a round, 
 Whilst the hollow neighbouring ground 
 Fills the music with her sound." 
 
 J. Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess^ i. a. 
 
 That she might carry them away from me, 
 Hath Thestylis been craving, and her end 
 
 will gain. 
 Since paltry are my presents in thine eyes. 
 Come hither, O thou beauteous boy ! For 
 
 thee 60 
 
 Their lilies, lo ! in baskets full, the Nymphs 
 Are carrying ; for thee a Naiad fair, 
 Her sallow gillyflowers and the heads 
 Of poppies gath'ring, doth narcissus add, 
 And blossom of the sweetly-smelling dill : 
 Then, interlacing them with widow-waile, 
 And other fragrant plants, soft martagons 
 Betrims with yellowing caltha. I myself 
 Will cull thee quinces hoar with velvet 
 
 down, 
 And chestnuts, which my Amaryllis loved. 
 I waxy plums will add : to this fruit, too, 
 Shall dignity be [deigned] : and you, O 
 
 bays, 72 
 
 ril cull, and thee, O myrtle-plant, the next, 
 Since ye, so placed, your musky perfumes 
 
 blend. 
 A boor thou art, O Corydon, nor recks 
 Alexis of thy gifts ; nor, if in gifts 
 Should'st thou vie with him, would lollas 
 
 yield. 
 Alas ! alas ! what is it I have willed 
 For my unhappy self ? Upon my flowers 
 The southern blast, and on my crystal 
 
 springs 80 
 
 I. " And she will do so," is very tame. 
 
 61. So " Sensuality " in Nabbes' j1/ttrr<v<7jw//j, iv. 
 " Gather all the flowers 
 
 Tempc is painted with, and strew his way. 
 
 Translate my bower to Turia's rosy banks ; 
 
 There, with a chorus of sweet nightingales. 
 
 Make it perpetual spring." 
 Similarly Venus engages to Paris : 
 " The laurel and the myrtle shall compose 
 Thy arbours, interwoven with the rose. 
 And honey-dropping woodbine ; on the ground 
 The flowers ambitiously shall crowd themselves 
 Into love-knots and coronets, to entangle 
 Thy feet, that they may kiss them as they tread. 
 And keep them prisoners in their amorous stalks." 
 Shirley, Triumph oj Beauty. 
 69. "I pr'ythee let me bring thee where crabs 
 
 grow ; 
 And I with my long nails will dig thee pig-nuts ; 
 Show thee a jay's nest, and instruct thee how 
 To snare the nimble marmoset : I'll bring thee 
 To clustering filberds, and sometimes I'll get 
 
 thee 
 Young scamels from the rock : wilt thou go with 
 
 meir" Shakespeare, Tempest, il 2. 
 
 75 Spenser imitates Virgil here : Shepheanfs 
 Calender, January, 55 : 
 
 " It is not Hobbinol wherefore I plaine, 
 Albee my love hee seekc with dayly suit ; 
 His clownish gifts and curtsies I disdaine. 
 His kids, his crackncllcs, and his early fruit." 
 80. " I am no prophet, nor do wish to sec 
 Upon your spring another wind, than what 
 
59—68. 
 
 ECLOGUE IIL 
 
 V. 69—75. 
 
 Wild boars have I, [to reason] lost, let in. 
 Whom art thou flying, ah ! thou witless 
 
 one ? 
 Even the gods have tenanted the woods, 
 And Dardan Paris. Pallas by herself 
 Let haunt the fortresses, which she hath 
 
 built ; 
 Us above all things let the woods delight. 
 The grisly lioness pursues the wolf ; 
 The wolf himself the goat ; the cytisus 
 In blossom doth the wanton goat pursue ; 
 Thee, O Alexis, Corydon : draws each 90 
 His proper fancy. See, the ploughs up- 
 raised 
 The bullocks by the yoke are bearing hom-e j 
 The sun, too, doubles, as he draws away, 
 The lengthening shades : me, ne'ertheless, 
 
 is love 
 Consuming ; for what bound can there be set 
 
 The wings of pregnant western gales do enrich 
 The air withal, which, gliding as you walk. 
 May kiss the teeming flowers, and with soft breath 
 Open the buds, to welcome their preserver." 
 
 Shirley, The Imposture, iii. 3. 
 
 90. " And every humour hath its adjunct pleasure. 
 Wherein it finds a joy above the rest." 
 
 Shakespeare, Sonnet 91. 
 The force of ipse, in verse 63 of the original, 
 
 would be best brought out by "in turn." 
 
 To love ? Ah ! Corydon, [ah !] Corydon, 
 
 What frenzy thee hath seized ! Half- 
 pruned for thee 
 
 Thy vine is [lying] on the leafy elm. 
 
 Why rather dost thou not some [share], at 
 least. 
 
 Of what thy service needs, prepare thee to 
 weave off 100, 
 
 Of withes and pliant rush? If this doth 
 thee 
 
 Disdain, another Alexis thou shalt find. 
 
 100. How clearly the poet saw that useful em- 
 ployment was a cure for irregular desires ! 
 ** Wherefore if thou, I say, 
 
 Dost covet to avoid 
 That Bedlam Boy's deceitful bow. 
 That others hath annoyed : 
 Eschew the idle life ! 
 
 Flee ! flee from doing naught : 
 For never was there idle bram 
 But bred an idle thought." 
 
 Turberville,' The Lover to Cupid. 
 Philosophy, religious solitude 
 And labour wait on temperance. In these 
 Desire is bounded ; they instruct the mind's 
 And body's actions. 'Tis lascivious ease. 
 That gives the first beginning to all ills. 
 The thoughts being busied on good objects, sin 
 Can never find a way to enter in." 
 
 Nabbes, MicrocosmnSt'w, 
 
 Eclogue IIL PAL^MON. 
 
 MENALCAS. DAMCETAS. PAL^MON. 
 
 Menalcas. Inform me, O Damoetas ! whose 
 
 the flock ? 
 Is't that of Meliboeus ? 
 
 Davicetas. It is not. 
 
 But .Agon's ; ^gon lately it consigned 
 To me. 
 
 Men. O sheep, ye ever luckless flock ! 
 While he himself Nesera fonds, and dreads 
 Lest she should me prefer to him, his ewes 
 This caitiff keeper milketh twice an hour. 
 And from the flock the sap is filched away. 
 And from the lambs the milk. 
 
 Danu Still bear in mind 
 
 Line 7. It is very doubtfu} that alienus means 
 "hireling;" for Damoetas -maf have been in too 
 comfortable a position to accept of formal pay. He 
 paid himself, however, unless Menalcas was un- 
 truthful, — which he may very well have been, and 
 his companion with him. The character of each 
 depends on the testimony of the other ; and all that 
 is certain is, that they had both very abusive 
 tongues. The probability is, that Damoetas was a 
 thief, at all events ; and so he ficed not have sought 
 a remuneration for his trouble in honest cash. Vide 
 V. 16 of the Latin text. 
 
 That these [misdoings] should with more 
 reserve 10 
 
 Be charged on those who 're men. We 
 know both who 
 
 'Twas . . . thee, — the he-goats eyeing it 
 askance, — 
 
 And in what holy grot ; — but laughed the 
 easy Nymphs. 
 Men. 'Twas then, I fancy, when they me 
 espied 
 
 With scathful bill-hook hacking Mycon's 
 grove. 
 
 And infant vines. 
 
 Dam. Or here by th' aged beech. 
 
 When you the bow and shafts of Daphnis 
 broke ; 
 
 Which when, O curst Menalcas, you be- 
 held 
 
 Bestowed upon the lad, you were not only 
 vexed, 
 
 15. MaU may either be referred to fake, as in 
 the translation ; or to Damoetas, when it should be 
 rendered " spiteful.** 
 
V. 15—31. 
 
 ECLOGUE III. 
 
 V. 33—39. 
 
 But, if you had not somehow done him 
 harm, 20 
 
 You would have died. 
 
 Men. What can flock-owners do, 
 
 When venture knaves the like? Did I not 
 see 
 
 You, villain, Damon's he-goat catch by 
 craft, 
 
 Lycisca in full bark? And when I cried, 
 
 •'Now whither doth yon fellow hie him 
 off? 
 
 O Tityrus, collect thy flock," — you skulked 
 
 Behind the rush-plats. 
 
 Dafn. Should he not, when beat 
 
 In playing, give the he-goat up to me. 
 
 Which my reed-pipe had by its warblings 
 won? 
 
 Should you not know it, that he-goat was 
 mine ; 30 
 
 And Damon did himself acknowledge it 
 
 To me, but said he could not give it up. 
 Men. In Y>^Q.y'\ngyou beat him ? Or hath 
 a pipe. 
 
 With wax cemented, e'er belonged io you ? 
 
 Were you not in the crossways, dunder- 
 head. 
 
 Customed to murder some unhappy tune 
 
 Upon your squeaking straw? 
 
 Dam. Do you, then, wish 
 
 We should between us try what each can do 
 
 By turns ? I this young cow (lest you per- 
 chance 
 
 Decline, twice comes she to the pail, twin 
 calves 40 
 
 She suckles at her udder;) stake: do you 
 
 20. Anthon, in referring nocuisses to the bow and 
 arrows, seems to be singular. 
 
 81. " You are a rascal ! he that dares be false 
 To a master, though unjust, will ne'er be true 
 To any other." 
 
 P. Massinger, A New Way to Pay Old Debts, v. i. 
 
 85, " Soft ! Whither away so fast? 
 A true man, or a thief, that gallops so ?" 
 
 Shakespeare, Love's Labour's Lost, iv. 3. 
 
 86. " Contemned of all ! and kicked too ! Now I 
 
 find it : 
 My valour's fled, too, with mine honesty ; 
 For since I would be knave I must be coward." 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, The False One, iiu 2. 
 
 36. " Gracculo. Our most humble suit b. 
 We may not twice be executed. 
 
 Timoleon. Twice ! How meanest thou ? 
 Grac. At the gallows first, and after in a ballad 
 Sung to some villainous tune." 
 
 Massinger, Bondman, v. 3. 
 
 " You shall scrape, and I will sing 
 A scurvy ditty to a scurvy tune. 
 
 Duke 0/ Milan, ii. i. 
 See Milton's Lycidat : 
 " And when tliey list, their lean and flashy songs 
 Grate on their scrannel pipes of wretched straw." 
 
 Say with what bet you will with me com- 
 pete. 
 Men. Aught from the herd I could not 
 dare to stake 
 W^ith you : for I a father have at home, 
 A harsh step-dame I have: and twice a day 
 They reckon over, dol/i of them the flock, 
 And one the kids. But that which you, 
 
 e'en you, 
 Yourself, by far more costly will admit — 
 Seeing it is your fancy to be mad — 
 My beechen cups I'll pledge, the graven- 
 work 50 
 Of heav'n-inspired Alcimedon, whereon, 
 Embossed upon them with an easy tool, 
 A limber vine attires the berry tufts, 
 Profusely scattered by the ivy wan. 
 
 44. Spenser has imitated this passage ; SA. Cai., 
 March, 40 : 
 
 " For, alas ! at home I have a syre, 
 
 A stepdarae eke, as bote as fyre, 
 
 That dewly adayes counts mme." 
 
 So the unfortunate Imogen complains of 
 
 " A father cruel, and a stepdame false." 
 
 Shakespeare, Cymbeline, i. 7. 
 "A father? No! 
 In kinde a father, not in kindlinesse." 
 Thomas Sackviile, Ferrex and Porrex, i. i. 
 46. " His com and cattle served the neighbour 
 towns 
 With plentiful provision, yet his thrift 
 Could miss one beast among the herd." 
 
 J. Fletcher, The Noble Gentleman, ii. i. 
 
 52. On a comparison of v. 38 of the Latin with 
 Ec. V. 42, it seems doubtful that Salmasius and La 
 Cerda are right in taking torno to mean a " lathe," 
 anA superaddita, "superadded." This latter word 
 there plainly means " inscribed ;" and so here it 
 appears to have the force of " embossed over." 
 
 53. So Spenser, in his 8th i'Eglogue, which is 
 amoebaean, m imitation of his predecessors, Theo- 
 critus and Virgil : 
 
 " And over them spred a goodly wilde vine, 
 Entrailed with a wanton yvy twine." 
 
 Sh. Cal., Aug. 29. 
 And again, he ornaments the porch of the Castle 
 
 of Temperance with the ivy and vine ; Farru 
 
 Queene, ii. 9, 24 : 
 
 " Of hewen stone the porch was fayrely wrought. 
 Stone more of valew, and more smooth and fine. 
 Then iett or marble far from Ireland brought : 
 Over the which was cast a wandring vine, 
 Enchaced with a wanton yvie twine." 
 The same image of trailing ivy is reproduced in 
 
 an exquisite passage in the description of a fountain 
 
 in the " Bower of Bliss ;" F. Q., li. 12, 61 : 
 
 " And over all of purest gold was spred 
 A traylc of yvie in his native hew ; 
 For the rich metall was so coloured. 
 That wight, who did not well avis'd it vew. 
 Would surely deeme it to bee yvie trcw : 
 Low his lascivious armes adown did crecpe. 
 That themselves dipping in the silver dew 
 Their fleecy flowrcs they fearfully did steepe. 
 
 Which drops of christall seemd (at wantones to 
 weep." 
 
V. 40—49- 
 
 ECLOGUE III. 
 
 V. 50 — 70. 
 
 [Stand] in the midst two figures — Conon, 
 
 and — 
 Who was the other one, that with his 
 
 wand 
 Mapped out for earth the universal sphere; 
 The seasons which the sickleman, those 
 
 which 
 The stooping ploughman should observe ? 
 
 My lips 
 I have not hitherto to them approached, 60 
 But keep them up in store. 
 
 Dam. For us as well 
 
 The same Alcimedon two cups hath made, 
 And with the soft acanthus wreathed 
 
 around 
 Their handles, and an Orpheus in the midst 
 Hath set, and forests following him. My 
 
 lips 
 I have not hitherto to them approached. 
 But keep them up in store. If you give 
 
 heed 
 To my young cow, there is no ground for 
 
 you 
 To praise your cups. 
 
 Men. You never shall escape 
 
 This day ; I'll come where'er you've called. 
 
 Let but— 
 
 56. As Virgil did not want to make Menalcas too 
 learned, so Spenser makes Thomalin {Sh. Cal., 
 July, 161), after mentioning Moses, forget Aaron's 
 name; 
 
 " This had a brother (his name I knew)," &c. 
 Gay is more true to pastoral life than any of his 
 predecessors : his swains have not even heard of 
 philosophers. See the SJtephercVs Week, Monday, 
 20-30. 
 
 64. Shakespeare's song in Henry the Eighth will 
 readily occur to the reader ; iii. i : 
 
 " Orpheus with his lute made trees, 
 And the mountain-tops that freeze. 
 
 Bend themselves when he did sing : 
 To his music plants and flowers 
 Ever sprung ; as sun and showers, 
 There had been a lasting spring. 
 " Every thing that heard him play. 
 Even the billows of the sea, 
 
 Hung their heads, and then lay by : 
 In sweet music is such art — 
 Killing care and grief of heart 
 Fall asleep, or, hearing, die." 
 Dryden puts the immortal Purcell before Orpheus ; 
 •' We beg not hell our Orpheus to restore ; 
 Had he been there. 
 Their sovereign's fear 
 Had sent him back before. 
 The power of harmony too well they knew : 
 He long ere this had tuned their jarring sphere. 
 And left no hell below. " 
 Elegy on the Death of Mr. Purcell. 
 " Music has charms to soothe a savage breast. 
 To soften rocks, or bend a knotted oak. 
 I've read that things inanimate have moved. 
 And, as with living souls, have been informed 
 By magic numbers and persuasive sound." 
 Congreve, The Mourning Bride, I. i. 1-5. 
 
 Hear these, or let Palaemon, who, behold, 
 Is coming. I shall manage that henceforth 
 You do not challenge any man at song. 
 Dam. Come, then, if aught thou hast; 
 in rne delay 
 There shall be none, nor any man I fly; 
 Only, Palaemon neighbor, these store up 
 Within thy deepest thoughts — the matter is 
 No trifle. 
 
 Falcetnon. Sing ye on, since we our seats 
 Have ta'en together on the velvet turf; 79 
 And now teems every field, now every tree, 
 Now leaf the woods, now fairest is the year. 
 Begin, Damoetas; thou shalt follow then, 
 Menalcas: in alternate strains ye'll sing : 
 Camenian [maidens] love alternate strains. 
 Da/ji. From Jove, ye muses, is my 
 spring [of song] ; 
 Of Jove are all things full; he tends the 
 
 lands; 
 For him my lays an interest possess. 
 
 Meji. And me doth Phoebus love; his 
 
 rightful gifts 
 
 For Phoebus are for ever [found] with me — 
 
 His bays, and sweetly-blushing martagon. 90 
 
 Da??t. Me with an apple Galataea pelts — 
 
 The wanton maid — and towards the willow 
 
 trees 
 She hies, and longs that she may first be 
 seen. 
 Men. Aye, but to me presents himself 
 unasked 
 My flame Amyntas, so that Delia is 
 No longer more familiar to our dogs. 
 Dam. For my own Venus presents are 
 procured; 
 For I myself marked out the spot, whereon 
 The airy culvers have amassed [their nest]. 
 Men. That which I could, ten golden 
 apples culled, 100 
 
 72. " I loathe to brawl with such a blast as thou. 
 Who art nought but a valiant voice ; but if 
 Thou shalt provoke me further, men shall say, 
 ' Thou wert,' and not lament it." 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Philasier, i. 2. 
 
 73. Lacessas (v. 51) would seem to mean "chal- 
 lenge," and not "provoke," for the reasons which 
 are given by Dr. Trapp. 
 
 78. Palsemon might have replied : 
 
 " Why, look you, sir ! I can be as calm as silence 
 All the while music plays. Strike on, sweet friend. 
 As mild and merry as the heart of innocence." 
 
 T. Middleton, The Mayor of Queenborough, iii. x. 
 
 93. " He kissed her, and breathed life into her lips. 
 Wherewith, as one displeased, away she trips ; 
 Yet, as she went, full often looked behind." 
 C. Marlowe, Hero and Leander, Sestiad iii. 3-6. 
 
 " A brisk Arabian girl came tripping by ; 
 Passing she cast at him a side-long glance. 
 And looked behind in hopes to be pursued." 
 
 J. Dryden, Do?i Sebastian, iv. x. 
 
V. 71—86. 
 
 ECLOGUE TIL 
 
 T. 87—103. 
 
 IVom off a wild-wood tree, I to my boy 
 Have sent; to-morrow other [ten] I'll send. 
 Dam. Oh ! times how many, and what 
 [honied words], 
 To us hath Galataea said ! Some part, 
 O breezes, waft ye to the ears of gods. 
 Men. What boots it that, Amyntas, thou 
 dost not 
 Disdain me in thy very soul, if whilst 
 The boars thou huntest, I watch o'er 
 the nets ? 
 Dam. Send Phyllis to me ; 'tis my 
 natal-day, 
 loUas : when I for the crops shall make 
 An ofTring with a heifer, come thyself. 
 Men. I Phyllis love 'fore other maids ; 
 for she 1 12 
 
 At my departure wept, and long she cried, 
 "Handsome lollas, fare thee well, fare- 
 well." 
 Dam. The wolf is ruefulness to folds. 
 To ripened fruit are showers, to the trees 
 Are storms, to us is Amaryllis' wrath. 
 lien. To seeded crops is moisture a 
 delight, -. 
 To weaned kids the arbute, willow lithe 
 To teeming flock, Amyntas is alone to me. 
 Dam. Our Muse doth Pollio affect, 
 although 121 
 
 It is agrestic : O Pierian dames, 
 Do ye a heifer for your reader feed. 
 
 Men. Yea, Pollio doth e'en himself com- 
 pose 
 
 loi. " Here be grapes, whose lusty blood 
 *s the learned poet's good ; 
 Sweeter yet did never crown 
 The head of Bacchus ; nuts more brown 
 Than the squirrel's teeth that crack them : 
 Deign, O fairest fair, to take them. 
 Tor these black-eyed Dryope 
 Hath oftentimes commanded me 
 Vith my clasped knee to climb." 
 
 J. Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, i. 1. 
 A Jhilips gracefully expands the idea : Past, i : 
 " Hav would I wander every day to find 
 Th« choice of wildings, blushing through the 
 
 rhd ! 
 Foi glossy plums how lightsome climb the tree ! 
 Hov risk the vengeance of the thrifty bee !" 
 103. * His lip is softer, sweeter than the rose ; 
 His mouth, and tongue, with dropping honey 
 fliws." Ben Johnson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 2. 
 * ' Oh Charm me with the music of thy tongue ! 
 I'm ne'er so blest, as when I hear thy vows. 
 And listen to the language of thy heart." 
 
 Otway, The Orphan, ii. end. 
 108. "We prune the orchards, and you cranch the 
 fruit." 
 Massinger, The Emperor of the East, iv. 2. 
 113. "When I was absent then her ga'lW eyes 
 VVodd have shed April showers, and outwept 
 The clouds in that same o'er- passionate moode, 
 Wh«i they drowned all the world." 
 
 Marston, Insatiate Countesse, ii. a. 
 
 Rare poems : feed a bull that with his horn 
 Now butts, and tosses with his hoof the 
 
 sand. 
 Dam. Who loves thee, Pollio, may he 
 
 come where'er 
 He joys that thou art too ! May honies 
 
 stream 
 For him, and prickly brier spikenard 
 
 yield ! 
 Men. Who Bavius hateth not — that he 
 
 may love 130 
 
 Thy verses, Maevius ! and may he, the 
 
 same. 
 Put foxes in the yoke, and milk he-goats ! 
 Dam. Ye, who cull flow'rs, and straw- 
 berries, that grow 
 Along the ground, O swains, escape ye 
 
 hence ; 
 A chilly snake is lurking in the grass. 
 Men. O sheep, forbear ye to advance too 
 
 far ; 
 There's no safe tnisting to the bank ; the 
 
 ram 
 Himself his fleece is drying even still. 
 Dam. O Tit'rus, from the river force 
 
 thou back 
 Thy browsing she-goats ; when there shall 
 
 be time, 140 
 
 Myself will in spring-water wash them all. 
 Men. Drive on the sheep, ye striplings : 
 
 if the heat 
 Shall have forestalled the milk, as lately, we 
 In vain shall squeeze their udders in our 
 
 hands. 
 Dam. Alas ! alas ! how meagre is my 
 
 bull 
 Amid the fatt'ning vetch I The selfsame 
 
 love 
 Is bane to flock and master of the flock. 
 Men. In these, sure, love is not at all 
 
 the cause : 
 Scarce hold they by the bones together : I 
 Know not what eye doth witch my tender 
 
 lambs. 150 
 
 126. " Roscommon writes: to that auspicious hand. 
 Muse, feed the bull that spurns the yellow sand." 
 Dryden, Ep. to Lord Roscommon, 66, 7. 
 
 137. This form of expression is used by Shake- 
 speare : 
 
 " For 'tis no trusting to yon foolish lowt." 
 
 Tiuo Gentlemen of Verona, iv. 4. 
 
 150. Or, perhaps, viewiog nescio quis as an 
 idiom : 
 
 They scarcely hold together by the bones : 
 
 Some eye or other witches my soft lambs. 
 
 " Yet pity me, Lencothoe. cure the wound 
 
 Thine eyes have made ; pity a begging king; 
 
 Uncharm the charms of thy bewitching face, 
 
 Or thou wilt leave mc de.-id." 
 
 T. May, Tk* Heir. iv. 
 
V. I04 — log. 
 
 ECLOGUE III. 
 
 Dam. Inform me in what lands — and 
 thou shalt be 
 My great Apollo — may the range of heaven 
 Expand itself no further than three ells. 
 Alen. Inform me in what lands may 
 flowers grow, 
 O'erwritten with the names of kings, and 
 
 thou 
 Possess my Phillis to thyself alone. 
 
 Pal. It is not in my power to adjust 
 Disputes between you of such high con- 
 cern : 
 Both you are worthy of the cow, and he ; 
 And whosoe'er may either dread the sweets, 
 
 " My venom eyes 
 Strike innocency dead at such a distance." 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, The Coxcomb, v. 2. 
 " His eyes shoot poison at me ; ha ! he has 
 
 Bewitched me, sure." 
 
 Shirley, The Brothers, iv. i. 
 " You leer upon me, do you ? There's an eye 
 
 Wounds like a leaden sword." 
 
 Shakespeare, Love's Labotir's Lost, v. 2. 
 
 155. To this Milton seems to allude in Lycidas, 
 where he speaks of Cam "footing slow," with 
 
 " his bonnet-sedge. 
 
 Inwrought with iigures dim, and on the edge 
 
 Like to that sanguine flower, inscribed with woe." 
 
 And Young more directly. Night iii. 271, 2 : 
 " As poets feign'd from Ajax' streaming blood 
 
 Arose, with grief inscribed, a mournful flower." 
 
 160, 161. Or, if this be considered too free a 
 version, the passage may be more literally rendered 
 thus: 
 
 And whosoe'er may either dread sweet loves. 
 
 Or may the bitter prove. 
 
 But what these lines have to do with the matter 
 in dispute nobody apparently can tell. According 
 to the received text, they seem to furnish simple 
 nonsense, from which no unauthorised supply of 
 imaginary ellipses appears to relieve them. Heyne 
 would cut the matter very short by evicting them at 
 once, though all the manuscripts agree in conferring 
 a legal title on these very troublesome tenants. 
 Anthon alters the text without improving the sense. 
 
 The emendation proposed by Wagner is ex- 
 tremely slight, and hardly unwarrantable. He 
 prefixes an "H". before the first "aut;" and so 
 the passage assumes this form : 
 
 " Et quisquis amores 
 
 Haut metuet dulces, aut experietur amaros ;" 
 which, paraphrased, yields the following meaning : 
 
 And (this appears from the experience of you 
 both, that) whosoever is not afraid of love, (and 
 therefore admits it into his heart,) willfind it (one 
 or other of two very opposite things, either) sweet 
 or (else) bitter. (He clearly runs a great risk, and 
 therefore perhaps he had better have nothing to do 
 with it.) 
 
 Yet does not this come in very awkwardly, as 
 part of a solemn judgment upon the relative merits 
 
 Or prove the gall, of love 
 
 up 
 The rills, my swains 
 
 drunk enough. 
 
 Now shut ye 
 
 161 
 
 the meads have 
 
 of two aspirants for poetic fame, who, however 
 coarse, or worse than coarse, either or both may 
 have been, were plainly very accomplished com- 
 posers ? But even if it were not awkward, surely it 
 is commonplace and weak. After such a trial of 
 extreme skill, it was unsatisfactory enough to be 
 told that the issue of it was a drawn battle ; but to 
 receive the further announcement, that love was 
 either honey or gall, must have seemed to them 
 very like trifling with their disappointment. 
 
 Perhaps the explanation of Rujeus is as good as 
 any : " Whoever is able to express, in the masterly 
 way that you have done, the various effects of 
 love." 
 
 Spenser makes Sir Scudamore agree with Palae- 
 mon's premises, though not in the implied advice 
 which the above interpretation attributes to him : 
 Faerie Queene, iv. 10, i : 
 
 " True he it sayd, whatever man it sayd, 
 That love with gall and hony doth abound ; ' 
 But if the one be with the other wayd. 
 For every dram of hony, therein found, 
 A pound of gall doth over it redound : 
 That I too true by triall have approved ; 
 For since the day that first with deadly wound 
 My heart was launcht, and learned to have loved, 
 
 I never ioyed howre, but still with care was moved." 
 
 Shakespeare, too, introduces Venus predicting 
 this heavy curse upon Love for the death of her 
 lover : 
 
 " Since thou art dead, lo ! here I prophesy. 
 Sorrow on love hereafter shall attend : 
 It shall be waited on by jealousy. 
 
 Find sweet beginning, but unsavoury end 
 Ne'er settled equally, but high and low ; 
 That all love's pleasure shall not match her A^oe." 
 Venus and Adcnis. 
 
 " Love is sweet : 
 
 Wherein sweet ? 
 In fading pleasures that do pain ; 
 
 Beauty sweet : 
 
 Is that sweet. 
 That yieldeth sorrow for a gain ? 
 
 If Love's sweet. 
 
 Herein sweet 
 That minutes' joys are monthly woes : 
 
 'Tis not sweet. 
 
 That is sweet 
 Nowhere but where repentance grows.* 
 
 Robert Greene, Menaphon's Song. 
 
 " Love is my bliss, and love is now my bale.' 
 
 R. Greene, Friar Bccon. 
 
 " An undigested heap of mixed extremes. 
 Whose pangs are wakings, and whose pltasures 
 dreams." 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Triumph of La)e, i. 
 " Such is the posie Love composes ; ^ 
 A stinging nettle, mixt with roses." 
 
 Browne, Brit. Past. b. i. soig 3. 
 
V. I— 15. 
 
 ECLOGUE IV. 
 
 T. 16—36. 
 
 II 
 
 Eclogue IV. POLLIO. 
 
 Sicilian muses, somewhat grander strains 
 Sing we ! Not all do vineyards charm 
 And lowly tam'risks : if we sing the woods, 
 May woods deserving of a Consul prove ! 
 
 The latest era of Cumsean song 
 Ilath now arrived ; afresh the mighty 
 
 round 
 Of ages is begun. And now returns the 
 
 Virgin, 
 Returns the dynasty of Saturn. Now 
 A new succession is from heav'n on high 
 Let fall. Do thou but at his birth the boy, 
 'Neath whom the [race] of iron first shall 
 
 cease, 1 1 
 
 And rise throughout the world the race of 
 
 gold, 
 Lucina chaste, befriend : now thine Apollo 
 
 reigns. 
 And thou, too, Pollio, the consul thou — 
 This glorious age shall enter [on its course] 
 And mighty months begin to roll. With 
 
 thee 
 Our chief, if any traces of our guilt 
 Continue, cancelled they shall free the 
 
 lands 
 From endless terror. He shall share the 
 
 life 
 Of gods, and heroes with divinities 20 
 
 Lines 6, 7- Derrick tells us that a new star was 
 said to have been seen in the open day about the 
 time of Charles the Second's birth. To this Dryden 
 thus alludes : 
 " Or one, that bright companion of the sun, 
 
 Whose glorious aspect seal'd our new-born 
 king ; 
 And now, a round of greater years begun, 
 
 New influence ixowx his walks of light did 
 bring." Annus Alirabilis, st. xviii. 
 
 8. " That was the righteous Virgin, which of old 
 Liv'd here on earth, and plenty made abound ; 
 But after Wrong was lov'd, and Justice solde. 
 She left th' unrighteous world, and was to heaven 
 
 extold." Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7, 37. 
 
 12. " And with iron sceptre rule 
 
 Us here, as with his golden those in heaven." 
 
 Milton, F. L. ii. 
 13. So Pericles: Shakespeare, Pericles, iii. i : 
 
 " Lucina, O 
 Divinest patroness and midwife, gentle 
 To those that cry by night, convey thy deity 
 Aboard our dancing boat : make swift the pangs 
 Of my queen's travails 1" 
 
 15. Strictly, " this pride of time ;" for to make 
 the expression refer to /«^r makes verse 12 come in 
 very awkwardly. 
 16. " Henceforth a series of new time began. 
 
 The mighty years in long procession ran." 
 
 Dryden, Abs. and Achit. 1028, 29. 
 
 See intermingled, and himself be seen of 
 
 them; 
 And with ancestral virtues shall he rule 
 A world at peace. But unto thee, O boy, 
 Her earliest tiny gifts with tillage none, 
 Her gadding ivies at each step, with bac- 
 
 caris. 
 Shall earth unbosom, and Egyptian beans. 
 With the acacia smiling interspersed. 
 The she-goats of themselves shall carry 
 
 home 
 Their udders swoln with milk ; nor shall 
 
 the herds 
 Huge lions fear. The cradle's self for thee 
 Shall pour forth charming flowers, ^^and the 
 
 snake 31 
 
 Shall die, and guileful plant of bane shall 
 
 die ; 
 At large Assyrian spikenard grow. But 
 
 soon 
 As th' heroes' praises, and a father's deeds. 
 
 26. Spenser makes the earth equally obsequious 
 to Dame Nature : 
 
 " But th' Earth herself of her owne motion. 
 Out of her fruitful bosom made to growe 
 Most dainty trees, that, shooting up anon. 
 Did seem to bow their bloss'ming heads full lowe 
 For homage unto her, and like a throne did shew. 
 And all the Earth far underneath her feete 
 Was dight with flowers, that voluntary grew 
 Out of the ground, and sent forth odours sweet ; 
 Tenne thousand more of sundry sent and hew. 
 That might delight the smell, or please the view. 
 The which the nymphes from all the brooks 
 
 thereby 
 Had gathered, they at her footstoole threw ; 
 That richer seem'd than any tapestry 
 That princes bowres adorne with painted imagery." 
 Faerie Queene, vii. 7, 8, 10. 
 28. Such a primeval state as Milton finely de- 
 scribes : F. L. IV. : 
 
 " About them frisking play'd 
 All beasts of the earth, since wild, and of all 
 
 chase 
 In wood or wilderness, forest or den. 
 Sporting the lion ramp'd, and in his paw 
 Dandled the kid ; bears, tigers, ounces, pards, 
 GamboU'd before them ; the unwieldy elephant. 
 To make them mirth, used all his might, and 
 
 wreathed 
 His lithe proboscis ; close the serpent sly. 
 Insinuating, wove with Gordian twine 
 His braided train, and of his fatal guile 
 Gave proof unheeded." 
 34. Now is he apt for knowledge : therefore know 
 It is a more direct and even way. 
 To train to virtue those of princely blood 
 By examples than by precepts : if by examples 
 whom should he rather strive to imitate 
 Than his own father?" 
 
 Webster, Vittoria Corombona, ii. 
 
12 
 
 V. 2 7—44- 
 
 ECLOGUE IV. 
 
 V. 45—63. 
 
 Thou shalt be able now to read, and learn 
 What be their worth, the plain shall by- 
 degrees 
 With downy ear wax yellow, and the bunch 
 Shall dangle blushing from untutored thorns, 
 And chuiiish oaks their dewy hoiiies siill. 
 Yet some few footsteps of the ancient 
 
 crime 40 
 
 Shall steal behind, to bid [men] Thetis 
 
 tempt 
 In ships, and girdle round with walls the 
 
 towns, 
 And cleave-in furrows into earth. Another 
 
 Tiphys then 
 Shall be, another Argo, too, to waft 
 Choice heroes ; there shall e'en be other 
 
 wars ; 
 Aye, and again to Troy a great Achilles 
 Shall be despatched. Thereafter, when 
 
 shall now 
 Established age have fashioned thee a 
 
 man. 
 Yea, of himself shall from the main with- 
 draw 
 The voyager, nor naval pine its wares 50 
 Shall barter : every produce every land 
 Shall yield. The ground shall not the 
 
 harrows brook, 
 Nor shall the vine the pruning-knife. Now, 
 
 too. 
 The stalwart ploughman shall from off his 
 
 bulls 
 Their yokes unloosen. Neither shall the 
 
 wool 
 Learn motley hues to feign ; but of himself 
 The ram shall in the meadows change his 
 
 fleece 
 With now sweet-blushing purple dye, with 
 
 now 
 The weed of saffron ; of its own accord, 
 
 37. Or : " waving ear." 
 39. Query ? " the dews of honey." 
 " The earth unploughed shall yield her crop, 
 Pure honey from the oak shall drop, 
 
 The fountain shall run milk ; 
 The thistle shall the lily bear, 
 And every bramble roses wear, 
 And every worm make silk." 
 Ben Jonson, The Golden Age Restored. 
 
 56. Or perhaps meniiri might be rendered " to 
 forge," as Spenser says of Duessa : 
 "So could she forge all colours save the trew." 
 
 Vermilion, as they graze, shall drape the 
 
 lambs. 60 
 
 " Through ages such as these, career ye 
 
 on !" 
 The Destinies have to their spindles said, 
 In union with the steadfast will of Fates. 
 Advance on thy grand dignities — the time 
 Will presently arrive, — O darling child 
 Of gods, the mighty foster-son of Jove ! 
 Behold with spherick mass a nodding 
 
 world. 
 E'en lands, and ocean-paths, and sky- 
 sublime ! 
 Behold how at the age, decreed to come. 
 All things rejoice ! Oh ! that to me might 
 last 70 
 
 The latest stage of such a lengthful life, 
 And inspiration, far as it shall prove 
 Sufficient thy achievements to proclaim ! 
 No, nor shall Thracian Orpheus me surpass 
 In songs, nor Linus ; though a mother 
 
 that — 
 And this a father aid — Calliope 
 Orpheus, the fair Apollo Linus. E'en if 
 
 Pan, 
 Arcadia umpire, should with me compete, 
 E'en Pan, Arcadia umpire, would avow 
 Himself surpassed. Begin, O infant boy, 80 
 To recognise thy mother with a smile ;. 
 Ten months have brought thy mother long- 
 some qualms. 
 Begin, O infant boy : [that babe,] on whom 
 His parents have not smiled, nor god of 
 
 board. 
 Nor goddess hath deemed worthy of her 
 bed. 
 
 60. Or: "Shall scarlet, as they feed, array the 
 
 lambs." 
 63. Spenser finely describes the offices of the 
 Parcae : Faerie Qtieene, iv. 2, 48 : 
 " There she them found all sitting round about 
 The direfuU Distaffe standing in the mid, 
 And with unwearied lingers drawing out 
 The lines of life, from living knowledge hid. 
 Sad Clotho held the rocke, the whiles the thrid 
 By griesly Lachesis was spun with paine, 
 That cruel Atropos eftsoones undid, 
 With cursed knife cutting the twist in twain : 
 Most wretched men, whose dayes depend on thrids 
 so vaine !" 
 70. So Eve dreams that Adam says to her : 
 
 " Heaven wakes with all his eyes, 
 Whom to behold but thee, Nature's desire ? 
 In whose sight all things joy." 
 
 Milton, P. L. v. 
 
V. I- 
 
 ECLOGUE V. 
 
 V. 
 
 30. 
 
 n 
 
 Eclogue V. DAPHNIS. 
 
 MENALCAS. MOPSUS. 
 
 ATcnalcas. Why not, O Mopsus, seeing we 
 
 have met, 
 Both skilful, — thou in breathing into slender 
 
 reeds. 
 In singing verses I, — here seat us down 
 Among the elms, with hazels interspersed ? 
 AIopsus. The elder thou : to thee 'tis fair 
 
 that I 
 Give way, Menalcas, whether underneath 
 The fitful shades — the zephyrs fanning 
 
 them — 
 Or rather 'neath the grot we go. Behold, 
 How hath the wild-wood vine the grot 
 
 o'erspread 
 With scattered bunches^! 
 
 Men. In our mounts with thee lo 
 
 Amyntas only vies. 
 
 Mop. What if the same 
 
 Should strive in singing Phoebus to surpass ? 
 
 Line 3. It is evident from this whole Eclogue, 
 and especially fromcomparing vv. 51, 55 of Eel. 111., 
 that dicere versus means to sing songs, not to re- 
 hearse or indite them. 
 
 See also Eel. IX., and compare v. 35 with v. 36. 
 7. " My lovely Aaron, wherefore look'st thou sad, 
 When every thing doth make a gleeful boast? 
 The birds chaunt melody on every bush ; 
 The snake lies rolled in the cheerful sun : 
 The green leaves quiver with the cooling wind, 
 And make a chequer'd shadow on the ground : 
 Under their sweet shade, Aaron, let us sit." 
 
 Shakespeare, Tit. And. ii. 3. 
 " How sweet these solitary places are ! how 
 wantonly 
 The wind blows through the leaves, and courts 
 
 and plays with 'cm ! 
 Will you sit down and sleep ? The heat invites 
 
 you. 
 Hark, how yond purling stream dances and 
 
 murmurs ! 
 The birds sing softly too : pray, take some rest, 
 sir." J. Fletcher, The Pilgrim, v. 4." 
 
 Q. "So fashioned a porch with rare device, 
 Archt over head with an embracing vine. 
 Whose bounches hanging downe seemd to entice 
 All passers by lo taste their lushious wine." 
 
 Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12, 54. 
 Another side, umbrageous grots and caves 
 Of cool recess, o'er which the mantling vine 
 Lays forth her purple grape, and gently creeps 
 Luxuriant." Milton, P. L. iv. 
 
 ' Deep in the gloomy glade a grotto bends. 
 Wide through the craggy rock an arch extends ; 
 The rugged stone is clothed with mantling vines, 
 And round the cave the creeping woodbine 
 
 twines." Gay, The Fan, i. 99-102. 
 
 12. Certat seems to have better authority than 
 certet, and is certainly a more graphic reading. 
 
 Men. Do thou begin, O Mopsus, first, if 
 
 thou 
 Or any flames of Phyllis, or the lauds 
 Of Alcon hast, or Codrus' brawls : begin ; 
 The kids, while feeding, Tityrus will watch. 
 Mop. Nay rather I those verses, which 
 
 of late 
 Upon a beech's verdant bark I scored, 
 And sang and marked them down by turns, 
 
 will try : 
 Do thou bid then Amyntas to compete. 20 
 Men. As much as doth the supple willow 
 
 yield 
 To olive wan, as much as lowly nard 
 To beds of crimson roses, in our mind 
 So much Amyntas yieldeth unto thee. 
 Mop. But cease thou more, O swain ; 
 
 we've reached the grot. 
 Quenched by fell death, the Nymphs did 
 
 Daphnis weep. 
 
 IS, 16. So Spenser, Sh. Cal. May, 172 : 
 " Now, Piers, of fellowship, tell us that saying ; 
 For the lad can keep both our flockes from 
 
 straying." 
 A. Philips varies the idea : Past. 4 : 
 " And since our ewes have grazed, what harm if 
 they 
 Lie round and listen, while the lambkins play ?" 
 20. " Shall the queen of the inhabitants of the air. 
 The eagle, that bears thunder on her wings. 
 In her angry mood destroy her hopeful young. 
 For suffering a wren to perch too near them ? 
 Such is our disproportion." 
 P, Massinger, The Great Duke of Florence, iv. 2. 
 
 26. See Milton's Zj/cty^j; 
 " But oh ! the heavy change, now thou art gone. 
 Now thou art gone, and never must return ! 
 Thee, .shepherd, thee the woods and desert caves. 
 With wild thyme and the gadding vine o'ergrown. 
 And all their echoes mourn : 
 The willows and the hazel-copses green 
 Shall now no more be seen 
 Fanning their joyous leaves to thy soft lays." 
 The same miseries Spenser makes the conse- 
 quence of Colin Clout's absence. Hobbinol tcUs 
 him : Colin Clout, xxii. : 
 
 " Whilst thou wast hence, all dead in dole did lie: 
 The woods were heard to wailc full many a 
 
 sythe, 
 And all their birds with silence to complaine : 
 The fields with faded flowers did seem to moume. 
 And all their flocks from feeding to rcfraine : 
 The running waters wept for thy returne. 
 And all their fish with languour did lament." 
 26-29. So Alexander on the death of Clytus : 
 " Here I will lie 
 Close to his bleeding side, thus kissing him ; 
 
14 
 
 V. 21 — 40- 
 
 ECLOGUE V. 
 
 41—46. 
 
 Ye [stood] the witnesses, O hazel-shrubs 
 And rivers, for the Nymphs, when, clasping 
 
 round 
 The pitiable body of her son. 
 The mother cruel calls both gods and stars. 
 None in those days their pastured oxen 
 
 drove, ' 31 
 
 O Daphnis, to the chilly streams ; no quad- 
 ruped 
 Or sipped the brook, or touched a blade of 
 
 grass. 
 O Daphnis, that e'en Afric lions wailed 
 Thy death, both mountains wild and forests 
 
 tell. 
 Yea, Daphnis to the chariot taught to yoke 
 Armenian tigresses ; 'twas Daphnis [taught] 
 Processionals of Bacchus t'introduce. 
 And wreathe with velvet leaves the limber 
 
 spears. 
 As is the vine the grace to trees, as grapes 
 To vines, as bulls to herds, as standing 
 
 corn 41 
 
 To teemful fields — all grace art thou to 
 
 thine. 
 When once the Weirds reft thee away, the 
 
 fields 
 E'en Pales, and Apollo e'en, forsook. 
 Upon the furrows, whereunto we oft 
 Plump grains of barley have consigned, 
 
 there grow 
 The fruitless darnel and the barren oats ; 
 For violet soft, for purple daffodil, 
 Thistle, and paliure with pointed thorns 
 Spring up. Bestrew the ground with leaves, 
 
 draw shades 50 
 
 These pale dead lips that have so oft advised me ; 
 
 Thus bathing o'er his reverend face with tears : 
 
 Thus clasping his cold body in my arms, 
 
 Till Death, like him, has made me stiff and horrid." 
 Lee, Rival Queens, iv. end. 
 A. PhiHps happily imitates this passage: 
 
 " The pious mother comes, with grief oppress'd ; 
 Ye trees and conscious fountains can attest 
 With what sad accents, and what piercing cries. 
 She fiU'd the grove, and importuned the skies. 
 And every star upbraided with his death, 
 When, in her widow'd arms, devoid of breath. 
 She clasp'd her son." Past. 3. 
 
 33. So Spenser says of Dido's death: Sh. Cal. 
 
 Nov. 133 : 
 
 " The feeble flockes in field refuse their former 
 foode. 
 And hang their heades as they would learne to 
 weepe." 
 
 39. Velvet, or, "waving," "pliant." 
 50. That is, plant flowers to grace the ground, 
 
 and trees to shade the founts. 
 
 " This rosemary is withered ; pray get fresh ! 
 I would have these herbs grow up in his grave. 
 When I am dead and rotten. Reach the bays ; 
 I'll tie a garland here about his head : 
 'Twill keep my boy from lightning." 
 
 Webster, Vittoria Corombona, v. i. 
 
 Upon the springs, O shepherds : such be- 
 hests 
 
 Daphnis enjoins to be for him observed. 
 
 Do ye both form a tomb, and on the tomb 
 
 The lay inscribe: "I, Daphnis, in the 
 woods. 
 
 Hence even to the constellations famed. 
 
 Of a fair flock the guard, more fair myself." 
 Men. Thy song is such to us, O heav'nly 
 bard. 
 
 As slumber to the weary on the grass ; 
 
 54. Instead of an inscription on Albino's tomb. 
 Philips introduces Angelot praying : 
 " Oh ! peaceful may thy gentle spirit rest ! 
 The flowery turf be light upon thy breast ; 
 Nor shrieking owl nor bat thy tomb fly round. 
 Nor midnight goblins revel o'er the ground." 
 
 Past. 3. 
 " But since that I shal die her slauve. 
 Her slauve, and eke her thrall : 
 Write you, my frendes, upon my grauve 
 This chaunce that is befall : 
 ' Here lleth unhappy Harpaius, 
 By cruell louve now slaine ;, 
 Whom Phylida vnjustly thus 
 Hath murdred with disdaine.' " 
 These are the concluding verses of a beautiful 
 composition, probably the earliest Pastoral poem in 
 the language. It will be found among " Poems of 
 Vncertaine Auctors " in Chalmers' "English Poets," 
 vol. ii. 
 
 It is impossible here to withhold Ben Jonson's 
 masterly Epitaph on the Countess of Pembroke : 
 " Underneath this sable herse 
 Lies the subject of all verse, 
 Sidney's sister, Pembroke's mother : 
 Death ! ere thou hast slain another. 
 Learned, and fair, and good as she. 
 Time shall throw a dart at thee." 
 
 Underwoods, xv. 
 "As soon as I am dead. 
 Come all and watch about my hearse ; 
 Bring each a mournful story and a tear, 
 To offer at it when I go to earth : 
 With fluttering ivy 'clasp my coffin round ; 
 Write on my brow my fortune ; let my bier 
 Be borne by virgins, that shall sing by course 
 The truth of maids and perjuries of men." 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, The Maid's Tragedy, ii. i. 
 57. " For, while I sit with thee, I seem in Heaven 
 And sweeter thy discourse is to my ear 
 Than fruits of palm-tree, pleasantest to thirst 
 And hunger both, from labour at the hour 
 Of sweet repast : they satiate, and soon fill. 
 Though pleasant ; but thy words, with grace 
 
 divine 
 Imbued, bring to their sweetness no satiety." 
 
 Milton, P.L. viii. 
 58. Sopor strictly means "deep sleep," but the 
 Latin poets use it for " sleep " in general. In the 
 same lax way, "slumber" is used by English poets 
 to represent "sleep," though strictly it means 
 "light sleep." Still, though there is so marked a 
 difference between sopor and "slumber," yet as the 
 poet does not seem to use the word here in the 
 accurate signification attached to it in yE7t. iii. 173, 
 " slumber " may well be admitted, being far more 
 harmonious in this passage than " sleep." The 
 same liberty is taken in rendering y£"«. iv. 522. 
 V. 45-47 are amplified by Spenser in his exquisite 
 
V. 47—63. 
 
 ECLOGUE V. 
 
 T. 64— 8 a. 
 
 15 
 
 As in the summer-tide to slake the thirst 
 By some delicious water's skipping rill. 60 
 Nor is't alone on reeds, but in thy voice, 
 Thou rivallest thy master : happy swain I 
 Thou now shalt be the second after him. 
 Still we will these of ours, howe'er [we 
 
 may], 
 To thee in turn recite, and Daphnis thine 
 Raise to the stars ; we Daphnis to the stars 
 Will bear away : us, too, did Daphnis love. 
 Mop. Can aught to us of higher value be 
 Than such a favor ? Both the swain him- 
 self 
 Was worthy to be sung, and those thy lays 
 Now long since Stimicon hath praised to us. 
 Men. Bright Daphnis marvels at th' un- 
 wonted gate 72 
 Of th' Empyrean, and beneath his feet 
 Beholds the clouds and stars. Hence lively 
 
 joy 
 
 Absorbs the woods, and other rural scenes, 
 And Pan, and shepherds, and the Dryad 
 
 maids. 
 Nor doth the wolf an ambush for the flock. 
 Nor any toils their craft for harts, devise : 
 Benignant Daphnis loves repose. The 
 
 mounts 
 Themselves, unshorn, in gladness to the 
 
 stars 80 
 
 Fling forth their voices ; now the very 
 
 cliffs, 
 
 description of the " Bower of Bliss :" Faerie Queene, 
 
 ii- 5.30: 
 
 " And fast beside there trickled softly downe 
 A gentle streaine, whose murmuring wave did 
 
 play 
 Emongst the pumy stones, and made a sowne. 
 To lull him soft asleepe that by it lay : 
 
 , The wearie traveller, wandring that way. 
 Therein did often quench his thristy heat, 
 And then by it his wearie limbes display, 
 (Whiles creeping slomber made him to forget 
 
 His former payne,) and wypt away his toilsom 
 sweat." 
 
 72. So Spenser of Dido, in Sh. Cat. Nov. 175 ; 
 
 see also 195, &c. : 
 
 " She raignes a goddess now emong the saintes, 
 That whilome was the saynt of shepheards light. 
 And is enstalled nowe in heavens night." 
 *' Now, free from earth, thy disencumber'd soul 
 
 Mounts up, and leaves behind the clouds and starry 
 pole." Dryden, Abs. and Achit. 850, 1. 
 
 More directly imitated in Amyntas, 66-73. 
 " Damon, behold yon breaking purple cloud ; 
 Hear'st thou not hymns and songs divinely loud ? 
 There mounts Amyntas ; the young cherubs play 
 About their godlike mate, and sing him on his 
 
 way. 
 He cleaves the liquid air, behold, he flies. 
 And every moment gains upon the skies. 
 The new-come guest admires the etherial state, 
 The sapphire portal, and the golden gate." 
 
 74. Or : " lively," or " active." 
 
 The very trees, ring out the lays : " A god, 
 A god is he, Menalcas !" O be kind 
 And gracious to thine own ! Lo ! altars 
 
 four I 
 Behold, O Daphnis, twain of them for thee ; 
 Twain altars high for Phoebus. Drinking- 
 
 cups, 
 A couple frothing with new milk, each year, 
 And craters twain of unctuous oil, I'll set 
 For thee ; and specially with copious wine 
 Enlivening the feast — before the hearth, 90 
 If it shall winter be ; if harvest [tide], 
 Within the shade — the Ariusian wines, 
 A novel nectar, from the tankards I 
 Will pour. To me shall [both] Damaetas 
 
 sing. 
 And Lyctian ./Egon ; frisking Satyrs ape 
 Alphesibceus. These shall aye be thine. 
 Alike what time our yearly off'rings we 
 Shall pay the Nymphs, and when we shall 
 
 perform 
 The circuit of the fields. While mountain- 
 brows 
 The boar [shall love], while fish shall love 
 
 the floods, 100 
 
 And while upon the thyme the bees shall 
 
 feed, 
 While cicads on the dew, [thy] glory aye, 
 And thy renown, and praises shall endure. 
 As unto Bacchus and to Ceres, so to thee 
 Their vows each year shall husbandmen 
 
 perform : 
 Thou also shalt oblige them to their vows. 
 Mop. What [boons] to thee, what boons 
 
 can I return 
 For such a song ? For neither me delight 
 
 82. " If, like a statue. 
 
 Cold and unglorified by art, you call 
 
 Our sense to wonder, where shall we find eyes 
 
 To stand the brightness, when you're turned a 
 
 shrine, 
 Embellished with the burning light of diamonds. 
 And other gifts, that dwell, like stars about you V* 
 Shirley, The Imposture, ii. 3. 
 
 84. Ara and altare are used of the same altar in 
 yC«. ii. 5x4, S15. 'fii- 171. 174. 
 
 107. Milton similarly in Par. Lost, viii. 5 : 
 " What thanks sufficient, or what recompense 
 E(j[ual, have I to render to thee, divine 
 Historian ?" 
 
 108. " Colin, to heare thy rymes and roundelaycs. 
 Which thou were wont on wastefuU hilles to sing, 
 I more delight then larke in sommer dayes. 
 Whose echo made the neighbour groves to ring." 
 Spenser, Sh. Cat. June, 49. 
 " O happy fair ! 
 Your eyes are lodestars, and your tongue sweet air, 
 More tuneable than lark to shepherd's car. 
 When wheat is green, and hawthorn buds appear." 
 Shakespeare, Midsummer Nigkfs Drtam, i. i. 
 A. Philips happily imitates venes 45-47, 81-84 : 
 Pott. 4 : 
 
i6 
 
 V, 82—84. 
 
 ECLOGUE VI. 
 
 V, 85 — 90. 
 
 So much the rising Auster's whisp'ring 
 
 sound, 
 Nor shores by billow buffeted, nor brooks, 
 Which rill adown among the rocky glens. 
 
 " Oh, Colinet ! how sweet thy grief to hear ! 
 How does thy verse subdue the listening ear ! 
 Soft falling as the still, refreshing dew. 
 To slake the drought, and herbage to renew ; 
 Not half so sweet the midnight winds, which 
 
 move 
 In drowsy murmurs o'er the waving grove 
 Nor valley brook, that, hid by alders, 
 O'er pebbles warbling, and through whispering 
 
 reeds ; 
 Nor dropping waters, which from rocks distil, 
 And welly grots with tinkling echoes fill." 
 
 III. " For first she springs out of two marble rocks. 
 On which a grove of oakes high-mounted growes. 
 That as a girlond seemes to deck the locks 
 Of some faire bride, brought forth with pompous 
 showes 
 
 Men. We'll first present thee with this 
 
 brittle reed. 112 
 
 This taught us, " Corydon with fervor loved 
 
 The fair Alexis ;" this the same, " Whose 
 
 flock? 
 Is't that of Meliboeus ?" 
 
 Mop. But do thou 
 
 Accept this crook, which, though he begged 
 
 me oft, 
 Antigenes hath never borne away — 
 He, too, was worthy then of being loved — 
 With even knobs and bronze, Menalcas, 
 fair. 
 
 Out of her bowre, that many flowers strowes : 
 So through the flowry dales she tumbling downe 
 Through many woods and shady coverts flowes. 
 That on each side her silver channell crowne." 
 
 Spenser, Canto vi. of Mutabilitie. 
 118. Or: "Though he." 
 
 Eclogue VI. SILENUS. 
 
 The first that in the Syracusan strain 
 Deigned to disport, nor blushed to haunt 
 
 the woods, 
 W^as our Thalia. When I would of kings 
 And battles sing, the Cynthian twitched 
 
 mine ear, 
 And warned : "A shepherd, Tit'rus, it 
 
 becomes 
 To feed fat sheep, recite a flimsy lay." 
 Now I — for thou shalt have full many [a 
 
 bard] 
 Who may thy praises. Varus, yearn to tell, 
 And thy grim wars record — will practise 
 
 o'er 
 The rural song upon my slender reed. 10 
 Unbidden [strains] I do not sing. Yet still, 
 If any one, if any one e'en these, 
 
 Line 6. Does any classical British author apply 
 the Hteral meaning of dedtictu7n, " thin-spun," to 
 compositions of any kind ? Milton uses it of life, 
 but evidently with reference to the trite idea of life's 
 thread. If the metaphor must be abandoned in the 
 translation, many words offer themselves for accept- 
 ance, of which perhaps " homely " is as good as 
 any. 
 
 Addison, in speaking of Spenser, whom he had 
 not enough of poetic taste to admire, says : 
 " The long-spun allegories fulsome grow." 
 Pope employs the word which is used in the 
 version : 
 
 " Proud of a vast extent of flimsy lines." 
 
 Prologue to Satires. 
 " His breeding. 
 It was not spun the finest ; but his wealth. 
 Able to gild deformity, and make 
 Even want of wit a virtue." 
 
 Shirley, The Constant Maid, i. i. 
 
 By fancy charmed, shall read, O Varus, 
 
 thee 
 Our tam'risks, thee shall all the woodland 
 
 sing; 
 Nor any page to Phoebus sweeter is 
 Than that which hath the name of Varus 
 
 traced 
 Upon its front. Proceed, Pierian maids. 
 The striplings Chromis and Mnasylos 
 
 spied 
 Silenus lying in a cave asleep. 
 With yestern Bacchus swollen through his 
 
 veins, 20 
 
 As ever. Garlands just outside him lay, 
 But merely fallen off his head, and hung 
 His heavy beaker by its handle worn. 
 Assailing him — for oft the aged man 
 Had, with the expectation of a song. 
 Played false with both of them — they fetters 
 
 throw 
 Upon him, from the very garlands [forged]. 
 As their companion, ^gle joins herself. 
 And sudden comes upon them in their fear, 
 .^gle, the fairest of the water Nymphs. 30 
 And now, as up he looks, with mulberries 
 Blood-red his forehead and his brows she 
 
 stains. 
 He, laughing at the trick, — ** Why fetters 
 
 tie ?" 
 Exclaims : " Release me, lads ; it is enough 
 That it is seen that you have had the power. 
 
 20. " Help, Virtue ! these are sponges and not men ! V- 
 Eottles! m.ere vessels !" * 
 
 Ben Jonson, Pleasure reconciled to Virtue. 
 
V. 35—44. 
 
 ECLOGUE Vr. 
 
 V. 45—67. 
 
 >7 
 
 The songs, which wish ye, hear : the songs 
 
 for you ; 
 For her shall be another kind of fee." 
 At once begins he of his own accord. 
 Then, sooth, both Fauns and savage beasts 
 
 to rhythm 
 You might see frolic, then stiff oaks to wave 
 Their crests. Nor doth so much in Phoebus 
 
 joy 41 
 
 Parnassus' crag, nor Rhodope and Ismarus 
 So much at Orpheus marvel. For he sang 
 How through the vasty void had been com- 
 bined 
 The seeds alike of lands, and air, and sea. 
 And at the same time those of flowing fire ; 
 How all beginnings from these rudiments, 
 And e'en the yielding ball of th' atmosphere 
 Together grew ; then how the ground began 
 To harden, and within the deep apart 50 
 To shut the ocean up, and by degrees 
 Tot;akethe shapes of things ; and [how] anon 
 The lands at glimm'ring of a new-born sun 
 Are in amaze, and from a greater height 
 From clouds uplifted do the showers fall ; 
 When forests first begin to spring, and when 
 Are straying through the mounts, that know 
 
 them not. 
 The scattered forms of life. He next relates 
 The stones by Pyrrha cast, the Saturn reign. 
 And birds of Caucase, and Prometheus' 
 
 rape. 60 
 
 To these he adds, how, quitted at the spring. 
 The seamen had on Hylas called aloud. 
 That all the strand with " Hylas ! Hylas!" 
 
 rang. 
 
 39. So Piers says of Cuddie : Spenser, Sh. CaL 
 Oct. 25 : 
 
 " Soone as thou gynst to sette thy notes in frame, 
 O how the rural routes to thee do cleave !" 
 " For we will have the wanton Fauns, 
 That frisking skip about the lawns, 
 The Panisks, and the Sylvans rude, 
 Satyrs, and all that multitude, 
 To dance their wilder rounds about 
 And cleave the air with many a shout 
 As they would hunt poor Echo out." 
 
 Ben Jonson, The Penates. 
 A different effect of the voice is seen in Shirley : 
 " The tongue that's able to rock heaven asleep, 
 And make the music of the spheres stand still, 
 To listen to the happier airs it makes, 
 And mend their tunes by it." Love Tricks, iv. 2. 
 So in Shakespeare, quoted by Gifford : 
 " And when Love speaks the voice of all the gods 
 Makes heaven drowsy with the harmony." 
 46. But whether liquidus means here " flowing," 
 or •' transparent," or " unmingled," it is not easy to 
 .-oe. 
 
 63. " Or that same daintie lad, which was so dearc 
 To great Alcides, that, whcnas he dyde, 
 He wailed womanlike with many a teare, 
 And every wood and every valley wyde 
 He filld with Hylas name ; the nymphes eke Hylas 
 crj'dc." Spenser, Fabric Queene, iii. la, 7. 
 
 And, blessed if there never had been herds, 
 
 Pasiphae he comforts in her love 
 
 For the young snowy bull. *• Ahl hapless 
 
 dame ! 
 What frenzy thee hath seized ! The Proetides 
 With their fantastic lowings filled the fields ; 
 But, ne'ertheless, not one of them pursued 
 So scandalous embracements of the beasts. 
 Though for her neck she'd feared the plough, 
 
 and oft 71 
 
 Upon her glossy forehead sought for horns. 
 Ah 1 hapless dame ! You now on moun- 
 tains rove ; 
 He, cushioned on his side of snowy white 
 With downy martagon, beneath a dun 
 Holm-oak, on yellowing grasses chews the 
 
 cud. 
 Or courts some female in the mighty herd." 
 "Shut, nymphs, Dictaean nymplS, now shut 
 The forest-passes, if by any chance 
 The truant footsteps of the bull may come 
 Across mine eyes. Him, haply, either 
 
 charmed 81 
 
 By grass of green, or following the droves, 
 Some cows may lure away to Gortyn's 
 
 stalls." 
 He next the damsel chants, who in amaze 
 Beheld the apples of th' Hesperides. 
 He next the sister-train of Phaeton 
 Encircles with the moss of bitter bark, 
 And rears them tow'ring alders from the 
 
 ground. 
 Then sings he how, while straying by the 
 
 streams 
 Of the Permessus, to Aonian mounts 90 
 One of the sisters Gallus led ; and how 
 The choir of Phoebus to the hero all 
 In homage rose ; how Linus these to him — 
 The shepherd of a heav'nly lay, with flowers 
 
 75. It may as well be remarked here that in this 
 work there is no pretension of determining what is 
 meant by the terms which stand for plants. " Hya- 
 cinthm" is usually rendered "martagon," only 
 because the learned and careful Martyn is so posi- 
 tive that this is the flower intended : and to call it 
 "hyacinth" would be simply to mislead. What- 
 ever hyacinthns meant, it is certain that it did not 
 mean " hyacinth." But, it must be confessed, that 
 the "imperial mart.-igon " would not form exactly 
 the sort of bed that a sensible bull would be likely 
 to choose. In autumn, at least, he might nearly as 
 well select a couch of sticks. 
 
 86. Spenser thus finely alludes to the story of 
 Phaeton : 
 
 " As when the firic-mouthed steedes, which drew 
 The Sunne's bright waync to Phaeton's decay, 
 .Soone as they did the monstrous Scorpion vcw. 
 With ugly craplcs crawling in their way. 
 The dreadful sight did them so sore affray, 
 That their well-knowcn courses they forwent ; 
 And, le.-iding th' ever burning lamnc astray, 
 This lower world nigh all to ashes orent. 
 And left their scorched path yet in the firmament." 
 /■'. Q. V. S. 40. 
 C 
 
i8 
 
 V. 68—74. 
 
 ECLOGUE VII. 
 
 V. 75—86. 
 
 And bitter parsley on his tresses crowned — 
 Pronounced : ' ' These reeds to thee the 
 
 Muses grant — 
 Lo, take them ! — which to Ascra's aged 
 
 [bard 
 They granted] erst ; wherewith in playing 
 
 he 
 Was wont to trail stifif ashes from the 
 
 mounts. 
 Thereon by thee the birth of Grynium's 
 
 glade 100 
 
 Be chanted, lest there should be any grove, 
 "Wherein Apollo more may boast himself." 
 Why should I tell how [he] of Scylla [sang, 
 Daughter] of Nisus, whom hath rumor 
 
 traced : 
 
 95. So Gray makes Nature address Shakespeare : 
 " What time, where lucid Avon stray'd 
 To him the mighty mother did unveil 
 
 Her awful face : the dauntless child 
 
 Stretch'd forth his little arms and smil'd : 
 
 'This pencil take,' she said, 'whose colours clear 
 
 Richly paint the vernal year. 
 
 Thine, too, these golden keys, immortal Boy ! 
 
 This can unlock the gates of Joy ; 
 
 Of Horror that, and thrilling Fears, 
 Or ope the sacred source of sympathetic tears.' " 
 Progress of Poesy. 
 
 104. Catrou's and Doering's reading of aut before 
 giiam would relieve this passage of much of its 
 difficulty : but there is so little manuscript authority 
 
 That she, beneath her snowy waist begirt 
 With baying monsters, plagued Dulichia's 
 
 ships. 
 And in the deepsome gulf, ah ! piecemeal 
 
 rent 
 The frighted mariners with her sea-dogs ? 
 Or how he told of Tereus' limbs trans- 
 shaped ; 
 What cates for him, what presents Philomel 
 Prepared ; with what career the wastes she 
 sought, 1 1 1 
 
 And with what pinions first, unhappy [bird] ! 
 She o'er her own abode flew to and fro. 
 [The lays], all which, as Phoebus played 
 them erst. 
 The blest Eurotas heard, and bade his bays 
 By aid of memory to learn, he sings : 
 The stricken vales return them to the stars ; 
 Until to gather in the cotes the sheep. 
 And count their tale, did Vesper give com- 
 mand. 
 And issue forth upon unwilling heaven. 1 20 
 
 for it, that, with Heyne, Forbiger, Wagner, and 
 
 Weise, it is better to leave the difficulty as it is, 
 
 than to tamper with the text. 
 
 118. " By this the moystie Night approaching fast. 
 Her deawy humour 'gan on th' earth to shed, 
 That warn'd the shepheards to their home to hast 
 Their tender flocks, now being fully fed." 
 
 Spenser, Faerie Queene, vi. 9, 13. 
 
 Eclogue VII. MELIBGEUS. 
 
 MELIBCEUS. CORYDON. THYRSIS. 
 
 Melibceiis. By hazard underneath a whisp'r- 
 
 ing holm 
 Had Daphnis sat him down, and Corydon 
 And Thyrsis had together driv'n their 
 
 flocks 
 Into one spot — sheep Thyrsis, Corydon 
 His she-goats swollen out with milk : 
 Both blooming in their age, Arcadians both, 
 And matched in song, and ready at reply. 
 Hither from me, while I bescreen from 
 
 cold 
 The tender myrtle-shrubs, the goat himself. 
 The husband of my flock, had strayed 
 
 away ; lO 
 
 And Daphnis I espy. When he sees me 
 On th' other hand, he cries: "Quick, 
 
 hither come, 
 O Meliboeus ; safe for thee thy goat 
 And kids : and if thou canst delay 
 
 awhile. 
 Beneath the shade repose thee ! hither of 
 
 themselves 
 
 The steers will come along the leas to 
 
 drink. 
 Here lines his em'rald banks with tender 
 
 reed 
 The Mincius, and from out the holy oak 
 The swarms are hummmg. What was I 
 
 to do ? 
 I nor Alcippe, nor a Phyllis had, 20 
 
 The lambkins, banished from the milk, to 
 
 pen 
 At home ; a match, there was, too — Cory- 
 don 
 With Thyrsis ; — ['twas] a mighty [match]. 
 
 Still I 
 Postponed my grave pursuits to their disport. 
 They, therefore, in alternate verses both 
 Began to strive : the Muses willed that they 
 Alternate [verses] should recite. These 
 
 Corydon, 
 Those Thyrsis, [each] repeated in his turn. 
 Cor. Libethran Nymphs, our charm, or 
 
 deign to me 
 
V. 32—43. 
 
 ECLOGUE VII. 
 
 ▼• 44—59. 
 
 '9 
 
 A sonnet, such as ye to Codrus mine ; — 30 
 To lays of Phoebus he the nearest makes ; — 
 Or, if we have not all the pow'r, my pipe 
 Here tuneful from the holy pine shall hang. 
 77/ V. Arcadian shepherds, with the ivy 
 
 deck 
 Your rising poet, that may Codrus' sides 
 Be burst with envy ; or, if he have praised 
 Beyond his will, with baccar bind my brow. 
 Lest tongue of mischief harm your future 
 
 bard. 
 Cor. This bristly boar's head, Delia, 
 
 [gives] to thee 
 The little Mycon, and the branching horns 
 Of long-lived hart. If lasting this should 
 
 prove, 41 
 
 Of polished marble thou full-length shalt 
 I stand, 
 
 ; With scarlet buskin booted on thy legs. 
 
 Thy. A bowl of milk, Priapus, and these 
 
 cakes. 
 Each year for thee to look for is enough : 
 Thou 'rt keeper of a wretched garden. 
 
 Now 
 Of marble, suited to our present means, 
 "We've made thee ; but do thou, if teemful- 
 
 ness 
 Our flock shall have recruited, be of gold. 
 I Cor. O Nerean Galatee, to me more 
 
 i sweet 50 
 
 Than Hybla's thyme, more bright than 
 
 swans, more fair 
 Than blanching ivy — soon as shall the bulls, 
 Full-fed, reseek their cribs, if any care 
 For thy own Corydon possess thee, come. 
 Thy. Nay, may I seem more bitter unto 
 
 thee 
 Than Sard on herbs, more rough than 
 
 butcher's-broom. 
 Than stranded sea- weed baser, if this light 
 Is not already longer unto me 
 
 Line 35. Strictly, yV^^w/^w should be rendered by 
 "his brow," not "my brow," referring to poeta; 
 but the confusion between Codrus and Thyrsis 
 would thus become inextricable. 
 
 " Ceesar. Cato, you will undo him with your 
 praise. 
 
 Cato. Caesar will hurt himself with his own envy. 
 
 People. The voice of Cato is the voice of Rome. 
 
 Cato. The voice of Rome is the consent of 
 heaven." Ben Jonson, Catiline, iii. i. 
 
 49. " What is't ? but effect it. 
 
 And thou shalt be my i'Esculapius : 
 Thy image shall be set up in pure gold. 
 To which I will fall down, and worship it." 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Thierry and Iheodoret, 
 ii. I. 
 
 58. Much the same were the feelings of Britomart 
 at the absence of Artegal : Spenser, F. Q. v. 6, 5 : 
 " And then, her griefe with errour to beguyle. 
 She fayn'd to count the time againe anew, 
 As if before she had not counted trew : 
 
 Than a whole year. Go home, full-fed ; 
 
 if [you 
 Have] any modesty, begone, ye steers. 60 
 Cor. Ve mossy springs, and grass more 
 
 soft than sleep, 
 And verdant arbute, which is screening 
 
 you 
 With scattered shade, the solstice from the 
 
 flock 
 Ward off ; now comes the scorching sum- 
 mer, now. 
 Upon the merry vine-spray swell the buds. 
 Thy. Here hearth and oily pines, here 
 
 plenteous fire 
 Aye be, and lintels black with ceaseless 
 
 soot : 
 Here we as much for chills of Boreas care 
 As either for the number [of the sheep] 
 The wolf, or boiling rivers for their banks. 
 Cor. Both junipers and prickly chestnut 
 
 trees 7 i 
 
 Stand bristling; strewed in every quarter 
 
 lie 
 Its fruits beneath each tree ; now all things 
 
 smile : 
 But if the fair Alexis from these mounts 
 Depart, you e'en would see the rivers dry. 
 Thy. The field is parched ; through 
 
 tainture of the air 
 The dying herbage thirsts ; his vin;r shades. 
 Hath Liber grudged the hills: at the 
 
 approach 
 Of our own Phyllis all the grove will 
 
 bloom, 
 
 For dayes, but houres ; for moneths that passed 
 
 were, 
 She told but weeks, to make them seeme more 
 
 few : 
 Yet, when she reckned them still drawing neare. 
 Each hour did seem a raoneth, and every moncth a 
 yeare." 
 " The art of numbers cannot count the hours 
 Thou hast been absent." 
 
 Middleton, The Family of Love, v. a. 
 " Marian. Could you so long be absent? 
 Robin. What, a week ! Was that so long ? 
 Marian. How long are lovers' weeks, 
 Do you think, Robin, when they are asunder? 
 Are they not prisoners' years ?" 
 
 B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. a. 
 " Still, when we expect 
 Our bliss, time creeps ; but when the happier things 
 Call to enjoy, each saucy hour hath wings." 
 
 Shirley, The Traitor, i. a. 
 74. " But neither breath of Mom, when she ascends 
 With charm of earliest birds ; nor rising sun 
 On this delightful land ; nor herb, fruit, flower. 
 Glistening with dew ; nor fragrance after showers : 
 Nor grateful evening mild ; nor silent Night, 
 With this her solemn bird ; nor walk by moon. 
 Or glittering star-light, without thee is sweet." 
 Milton, P. L. iv. 
 79. Cowley gives a diflferent turn to the idea : 
 speaking of spring, he says : 
 
 C 2 
 
V. 60—64. 
 
 ECLOGUE VIII. 
 
 V. 65—70. 
 
 And Jove drop plenteous down in joyful 
 rain, 80 
 
 Cor. T' Alcides poplar dearest is, the vine 
 To Bacchus, to the lovely Venus plant 
 Of myrtle, unto Phoebus his own bay ; 
 Loves Phyllis hazel-shrubs : so long as 
 
 these 
 Shall Phyllis love, nor myrtle-plant, nor bay 
 Of Phoebus, shall the hazel-shrubs surpass. 
 
 " How could it be so fair, and you away ? 
 How could the trees be beauteous, flowers so gay ? 
 Could they remember but last year, 
 
 How you did them, they you delight. 
 The sprouting leaves which saw you here, 
 And call'd their fellows to the sight. 
 Would, looking round for the same sight in vain, 
 Creep back into their silent barks again." 
 
 Tfie Mistress : Spring. 
 
 Thy. The ash-tree in the woods is 
 
 loveliest, 
 The pine in gardens, poplar by the floods, 
 The silver-fir upon the lofty mounts : 
 But if thou oft'ner would'st revisit me, 90 
 Fair Lycidas, the ash-tree in the woods, 
 The pine in gardens should make way for 
 
 thee. 
 Mel. I these remember, and that all in 
 
 vain 
 Competed conquered Thyrsis. From that 
 
 time 
 Is Corydon the Corydon for us. 
 
 93. Is it quite certain that " Corydon for ever," 
 (which is, after all that has been written about it, 
 the meaning of the last line in the Latin,) is exactly 
 a judicious cheer? 
 
 Eclogue VIII. PHARMACEUTRIA. 
 
 DAMON. ALPHESIBCEUS. 
 
 The shepherds Damon and Alphesiboeus' 
 
 song, 
 Whom, mindless of her browse, the heifer 
 
 viewed 
 In wonder, while contending ; at whose lay 
 The pards were with amazement struck, 
 
 and, changed 
 In their careerings, rivers came to rest : — 
 We Damon's and Alphesiboeus' song will 
 
 chant. 
 Whether thou dost for me now overpass 
 The rocks of great Timavus, or dost cruise 
 Along the margin of Illyria's sea ; 
 Lo ! will that day be ever [here], when 1 10 
 May be allowed to celebrate thy deeds ? 
 Lo ! will it [come], that I may be allowed 
 To bear throughout the universe thy lays, 
 Alone for Sophoclean buskin meet ? 
 My spring [of song] from thee on thee shall 
 
 end : 
 
 Line 5. The active use of requiesco seems to rest 
 on slender foundation. The passage from Ciris 
 proves nothing ; and that from Propertius, ii. 22, 25, 
 little more. However, there is one from the latter 
 author much more to the point: ii. 34, 75: " Quam- 
 vis ille suam lassus requievit avenam." Able authors 
 take both views of the matter ; and this is certain, 
 that no one can say that the word is not used 
 actively here, though such a use is extremely rare. 
 
 The skill of Damon and Alphesiboeus is attributed 
 to Thyrsis by Milton in his Comus : 
 " Thyrsis ? whose artful strains have oft delayed 
 
 The huddling brook to hear his madrigal." 
 15. " Then ever, beauteous Contemplation, hail ! 
 
 From thee began, auspicious maid, my song ; 
 
 With thee shall end." 
 
 Warton, Pleasures of Melancholy. 
 
 Receive the lays, commenced at thy com- 
 mands, 
 And suffer thou this ivy round thy brows 
 To creep along among thy conqu'ring bays. 
 The chilly shadow of the night had 
 scarce 
 Departed from the sky, what time the dew 
 Upon the tender herbage to the flock 21 
 Is welcomest ; — upon his rounded crook 
 Of olive leaning, Damon thus began : 
 Damon. Arise, and usher in the bounte- 
 ous day, 
 Forestalling it, O Lucifer ; while I, 
 By Nisa my betrothed's unworthy love 
 Beguiled, am plaining, and the deities, 
 (Though by their being witnesses [thereto] 
 No vantage have I gained, yet) as I die. 
 Am I addressing at my latest hour. 30 
 
 Begin with me, my pipe, Masnalian strains. 
 Maenalus both a tuneful wood, and pines 
 That speak, hath ever ; ever doth he hear 
 The shepherds' loves, and Pan, who was 
 
 the first, 
 Who suffered not that reeds should idle 
 
 [rest]. 
 Begin with me, my pipe, Masnalian strains. 
 
 18. " Laurel is a victor's due ! 
 
 I give it you, 
 I give it you ; 
 Thy name wifh praise. 
 Thy brow with bays 
 
 We circle round : 
 
 All men rejoice 
 
 With cheerful voice. 
 
 To see thee like a conqueror crowned. 
 
 Middleton, More Dissemblers besides Women, i. 3, 
 
V. 26 — 40* 
 
 ECLOGUE VJIL 
 
 ▼. 41—55. 
 
 31 
 
 To Mopsus is my Nisa given : what 
 May not we lovers look for ? Griffins now 
 With horses shall be yoked, and in the age 
 Ensuing shall the fearful fallow-deer 40 
 With stag-hounds to the drinking-troughs 
 
 repair. 
 Fresh torches, Mopsus, cut : for thee a bride 
 Is being escorted [home] : O bridegroom, 
 
 strew 
 
 The nuts ; for thee doth Hesper GEta quit. 
 
 Begin with me, my pipe, Majnalian strains. 
 
 O mated to a worthy spouse ! Whilst 
 
 thou 
 
 Look'st down on every man, and while my 
 
 pipe 
 Is thy abhorrence, while my she-goats, too. 
 And shaggy eye-brow, and my dangling 
 
 beard ; 
 Nor deem'st thou any god minds human 
 things. 50 
 
 Begin with me, my pipe, Msenalian strains. 
 
 In our enclosures thee, a tiny [maid] — 
 Your guide was I — I with thy mother saw 
 The dewy apples culling : then the year. 
 Next from th' eleventh, just had me em- 
 braced ; 
 I just was able from the ground to reach 
 The brittle branches. When I looked, how 
 I was lost ! 
 
 37. " If his possessing her your rage does move, 
 'Tis jealousy, the avarice of love." 
 
 Dryden, The Maiden Queen, iii. i. 
 
 " Then, when our eager wishes soared the highest, 
 Ready to stoop and grasp the lovely game, 
 A haggard owl, a worthless kite of prey, 
 With his foul wings, sailed in, and spoiled my 
 
 quarry." Otway, Venice Preserved, i. i. 
 
 39. Such anomalies are graphically paralleled by 
 
 Pope in the 3rd Book of the Duticiad : 
 
 " Thence a new world, to Nature's laws unknown, 
 Breaks out refulgent, with a heaven its own : 
 Another Cynthia her new journey runs. 
 And other planets circle other suns. 
 The forests dance, the rivers upward rise, 
 Whales sport in woods, and dolphins in the 
 skies." 
 
 57. " Why, Philocles, what lost already, man ! 
 Struck dead with one poor glance !" 
 
 May, T/tf Heir, ii. 
 " I tell you what she is. 
 What she expects, and what she will effect, 
 Unless you be the miracle of men. 
 That come with a purpose to behold. 
 And go away yourself," 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, The Laws of Candy, ii. i. 
 
 " How art thou lost ! How on a sudden lost !" 
 Milton, F.L.h. ix. 
 Similarly Marcus, of the sight of Lucia, in 
 Addison's Catc, iii. i : 
 
 " And yet, when I behold the charming maid, 
 I'm ten times more undone." 
 And Cowley : 
 
 " I came, I saw, and was undone," 
 
 Mistress: T/ie Thraldom, 
 
 How fell distraction hurried me away I 
 Begin with me, my pipe, Manalian strains. 
 Now know I what is Love : to him 
 
 among 60 
 
 The rugged rocks doth either Tomarus, 
 Or Rhodope, or utmost Garamants, 
 An imp nor of our breed, nor blood, give 
 
 birth. 
 Begin with me, my pipe, Mcenalian strains. 
 Fell Love hath taught a mother to distain 
 Her hands all over with her children's 
 
 blood : 
 O mother, also barbarous wert thou ! 
 More barbarous the mother, or that boy 
 More impious ? More barbarous that boy ; 
 O mother, also barbarous wert thou ! 70 
 Begin with me, my pipe, Maenalian strains. 
 
 Now even let the wolf unbidden fly 
 The sheep ; let churlish oaks gold apples 
 
 bear ; 
 With daflfodilly let the alder bloom ; 
 Let tam'risks drop rich ambers from their 
 
 rinds ; 
 E'en owlets vie with swans ; let Tityrus 
 
 63. " For such a warped slip of wilderness 
 Ne'er issued from his blood." 
 Shakespeare, Measure /or Measure, iii, 4, 
 
 65. The unprejudiced reader, who is not absurdly 
 wedded to VirgiJ, as Dr. Trapp and others, can 
 hardly help going along with Heyne in his caustic 
 remarks on verses 49, 50. However, he seems too 
 hasty in expunging them from the text. Why may 
 not Virgil have written bad lines as well as any 
 other poet? Milton, who was vastly his superior in 
 genius, has written scores of them. 
 
 In the 49th verse, instead of the awkward supply 
 of ntagis before im/>robtis, may not puer improhus 
 ille be one phrase ? Vide Geo. iii. 431, Hie im- 
 probus; /En. v. 397, Improbns iste. So that the 
 meaning would be : Fell Love taught, &c. You, 
 mother, were barbarous as well as he (Love). Was 
 the mother the more barbarous, or that wicked boy '. 
 That wicked boy was (more barbarous) ; you, 
 mother, were barbarous too (though he more so). 
 
 66. " Oh, mother, do not lose your name! forget 
 not 
 The touch of nature in you, tenderness ! 
 'Tis all the soul of woman, all the sweetness ! 
 Forget not, I beseech you, what are children. 
 Nor how you have groaned for them ; to 'what 
 
 love 
 They are bom inheritors, with what care kept ; 
 And, as they rise to ripeness, still remember 
 How they imp out your age ! and when tiff.e 
 
 calls you. 
 That as an autumn flower you fall, forget not 
 How round about your hearse they nang like 
 
 pennons." 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Thierry and Theodoret, 
 V. 2. 
 
 67. " This is the very top, 
 
 The height, the crest, or crest unto the crest 
 Of murder's arms : this is the bloodiest shame. 
 The wildest savagery, the vilest stroke. 
 That ever wall-eyed wrath, or staring rage. 
 Presented to the tears of soft remorse." 
 
 Shakespeare, King John, iv. 3. 
 
V. 56—68. 
 
 ECLOGUE VIII . 
 
 V. 69- 
 
 Become an Orpheus, Orpheus in the woods, 
 Among the dolphins an Arion [be]. 
 Begin with me, my pipe, Moenalian strains. 
 Let all things even to mid sea be turned. 
 Ye forests, fare ye well. Headforemost I 
 Shall from a skyey mountain's watching- 
 
 post 82 
 
 Upon the waves be borne adown : this gift, 
 The latest of a dying man, retain. 
 Cease thou, now cease, my pipe, Maenalian 
 
 strains. 
 These Damon [sang] : do ye, Pierian 
 
 maids. 
 What [strains] Alphesiboeus in reply 
 Returned declare : we cannot all do all. 
 Alphesibceus. Bring water forth, and with 
 
 a downy wreath 
 Festoon these altars, and rich vervains 
 
 burn, 90 
 
 And the male frankincense : that I may 
 
 try 
 My paramour's sound senses to derange 
 With sorc'rous rites : naught here, but 
 
 spells, there lacks. 
 Bring home from town, my spells, bring 
 
 Daphnis [home]. 
 
 82. " Still fate is in my reach : from mountains 
 high, 
 Deep in whose shadow craggy ruins lie, 
 Can I not headlong iiing this weight of woe, 
 And dash out life against the flints below ? 
 Are there not streams, and lakes, and rivers wide, 
 Where my last breath may bubble on the tide ?" 
 Gay, Dione, v. 2. 
 
 90. " Black spirits and white, red spirits and gray, 
 Mingle, mingle, mingle, you that mingle may ! 
 Titty, Tiffin, keep it stiff in ! 
 Firedrake, Puckey, make it lucky ! 
 Liard, Robin, you must bob in ! 
 Round, around, around, about, about ! 
 All ill come running in, all good keep out ! 
 
 Middleton, The Witch, v. 2. 
 
 93. The power of magic is described with infinite 
 beauty by Shakespeare in his Tempest, v. i : 
 " Ye elves of hills, brooks, standing lakes, and 
 
 groves ; 
 ■ And ye, that on the sands with printless foot, 
 Do chase the ebbing Neptune, and do fly him, 
 When he comes back ; you demy-puppets, that 
 F>y moonshine do the green-sour ringlets make. 
 Whereof the ewe not bites; and you, whose 
 
 pastime 
 Is to make midnight mushrooms : that rejoice 
 To hear the solemn curfew ; by whose aid 
 (Weak masters though ye be) I have bedimm'd 
 The noontide sun, call'd forth the mutinous winds, 
 And 'twixt the green sea and the azur'd vault 
 Set roaring war ; to the dread rattling thunder 
 Have I given fire, and rifted Jove's stout oak 
 With his own bolt ; the strong-bas'd promontory 
 Have I made shake, and by the spurs pluck'd up 
 The pine and cedar ; graves, at my command. 
 Have wak'd their sleepers ; oped, and let them 
 
 forth 
 By my so potent art." 
 
 94. Or : "my Daphnis bring." 
 
 Spells even can from heav'n unsphere 
 the moon ; 
 By spells did Circe change Ulysses' mates ; 
 Cold in the meads through charming bursts 
 
 the snake. 
 Bring home from town, my spells, bring 
 Daphnis [home]. 
 I first around thee twine these triple 
 threads, 
 With threefold color chequered, and three 
 times 100 
 
 This image round the altars do I lead : 
 In number odd the deity delights. 
 Bring home from town, my spells, bring 
 Daphnis [home]. 
 Twine thou, O Amaryllis, in three knots 
 Three colors ; twine them, Amaryllis, now, 
 And say : ' ' The chains of Venus do I 
 
 twine." 
 Bring home from town, my spells, bring 
 Daphnis [home]. 
 As doth this clay grow hard, and as this 
 wax 
 Grows fluid at the one and selfsame fire — 
 
 95. " Can you doubt me, then, daughter. 
 
 That can make mountains tremble, miles of 
 
 woods walk, 
 Whole earth's foundation bellow, and the spirits 
 Of the entombed to burst out from their marbles ; 
 Nay, draw yond moon to my involved designs?", 
 Middleton, The Witch, v. 2. 
 
 99. There is a marked allusion to these magical 
 rites in Spenser's account of Glance's efforts in 
 behalf of Britomart, though her object was the 
 exact reverse of Virgil's witch: — "to undoe her 
 daughter's love :" 
 
 " Then, taking thrise three heares from off her 
 head, 
 Them trebly breaded in a threefold lace. 
 And round about the pots mouth bound the 
 
 thread ; 
 And, after having whispered a space 
 Certein sad words with hollow voice and bace, 
 Shee to the virgin sayd, thrise sayd she itt : 
 ' Come, daughter, come ; come, spit upon my 
 
 face ; 
 Spitt thrise upon me, thrise upon me spitt : 
 Th' uneven nomber for this business is most fitt.' " 
 F. Q. iii. 2, 50. 
 
 100. So Dame Partlett to Chanticleer : Dryden, 
 Cock and Fox, 187, 8: 
 " Take just three worms, nor under nor above. 
 
 Because the gods unequal numbers love." 
 109. " His picture made in wax, and gently molten 
 
 By a blue fire, kindled with dead men's eyes, 
 
 Will waste him by degrees." 
 
 Middleton, The Witch, y. 2. 
 
 " As thus I stab his picture, and stare on it, 
 Methinks the duke should feel me now: is not 
 His soul acquainted? Can he less than tremble, 
 When I lift up my arm to wound his counterfeit? 
 Witches can persecute the lives of whom 
 They hate, when they torment their senseless 
 
 figures. 
 And stick the waxen model full of pins. " 
 
 Shirley, Ihe Traitor, v. 2. 
 
V. 82—99' 
 
 ECLOGUE IX. 
 
 V. 100 — 109. 
 
 23 
 
 So Daphnis by our love. Strew salted 
 
 meal, i lO 
 
 And with bitumen light the crackling bays. 
 Me felon Daphnis burns, in Daphnis I 
 
 this bay. 
 Bring home from town, my spells, bring 
 
 Daphnis [home]. 
 May such a passion Daphnis [seize], as 
 
 when, 
 Worn out in seeking for the youthful bull 
 Througli lawns and lofty groves, a heifer 
 
 sinks 
 Down by a water-rill on verdant sedge, 
 Distracted, nor remembers to withdraw 
 From night's late [hour.] Him such a 
 
 passion seize. 
 Nor let his curing be a care to me ! 120 
 Bring home from town, my spells, bring 
 
 Daphnis [home]. 
 This cast-apparel erst th' arch-traitor left 
 For me, dear pledges of himself, which now 
 I at the very entrance, earth, consign 
 To you ; these pledges Daphnis owe [to me]. 
 Bring home from town, my spells, bring 
 
 Daphnis [home]. 
 These herbs and poisons these, in Pontus 
 
 culled, 
 Mceris himself gave me : full many grow 
 In Pontus. Oft with these I've Moeris seen 
 Become a wolf, and hide him in the 
 
 woods ; 130 
 
 Oft spirits summon from their lowest graves. 
 And seeded crops transport to other ground. 
 
 III. The bay was probably put inside the 
 image, being hollow. 
 132. " Or dost thou envy 
 
 The fat prosperity of any neighbour ? 
 
 I'll call forth Hoppo, and her incantation 
 
 Can straight destroy the young of all his cattle ; 
 
 Bring home from town, my spells, bring 
 
 Daphnis [home]. 
 The ashes, Amaryllis, bear abroad, 
 And throw them in a running brook, and 
 
 o'er * . 
 
 Thy head ; nor should'st thou cast a look 
 
 behind. 
 With these I Daphnis will assail : naught he 
 Of deities, naught recks he of my spells. 
 Bring home from town, my spells, bring 
 
 Daphnis [home]. 
 Behold ! while I delay to bear them 
 
 forth, 140 
 
 The very ashes of their own accord 
 Have on the altars seized with bick'ring 
 
 flames. 
 Auspicious may it prove ! I know not 
 
 what, 
 [But something] 'tis for certain ; Hylax, too. 
 Is barking in the sill. Do we believe 
 [The omen] ? Or do they, who are in love, 
 Themselves to their own selves imagine 
 
 dreams ? 
 Spare, spells, now spare him ! Daphnis 
 
 comes from town. 
 
 Blast vineyards, orchards, meadows ; or in one 
 
 night 
 Transport his dung, hay, corn, by reeks, whole 
 
 stacks, 
 Into thine own ground." 
 
 Middleton, The Witch, i. 2. 
 144. This expression is used by Milton in Comus: 
 " For certain 
 Either some like us night-foundered here." 
 And by Shakespeare, Merchant of Venice, v. I : 
 " For here I read for certain that my ships 
 Are safely come to road." 
 147. " Am I awake, or dream I ? Is it true. 
 Or does my flattering fancy but suggest 
 What I most covet?" May, The Heir, \\, 
 
 Eclogue IX. MCERIS. 
 
 LYCIDAS 
 Lycidas. Whither, O Moeris, do thy feet 
 
 [bear] thee ? 
 Is't to the city, whither leads the way? 
 Maoris. O Lycidas, we've reached [the 
 day] alive. 
 When a strange owner of our little farm, 
 (Which ne'er we feared,) should tell us, 
 
 "These are mine ; 
 Old tenants, move away." Now overborne. 
 
 Line 6. " Greedy of gain, either by fraud or 
 
 stealth ; 
 And whilst one toils, another gets the wealth." 
 Middleton, More Dissemblers besides IVome't, 
 iii; 3. 
 
 MCERIS. 
 
 In woe, since chance is shifting all, do we 
 These kids to him — no luck go with them ! 
 — send. 
 
 Ly. I sooth had surely heard, that where 
 'the hills 
 Begin to slope them off, and sink their ridge. 
 With gentle dip, as far as to the stream, 1 1 
 And antiquated beech, now shivered tops. 
 All by his lays had your Menalcas saved. 
 
 Mil'. Hear it thou didst ; a rumor e'en it 
 was ; 
 But lays of ours as much, O Lycidas, 
 Avail 'mid warlike weapons, as they say 
 Do Chaon pigeons when the eagle swoops. 
 
24 
 
 V. 14 — 29- 
 
 ECLOGUE IX. 
 
 V. 30—50. 
 
 But save a crow upon the left, from out 
 A hollow ilex, had forewarned me 
 By any means whatever to cut short 20 
 The fresh disputes, nor would thy Moeris 
 
 here, 
 Nor would Menalcas even, be alive. 
 
 Ly. Alas ! occurs to any guilt so deep ? 
 Alas ! were consolations thine from us, 
 Well nigh along with thee, Menalcas, 
 
 reft? 
 Who could the Nymphets sing ? Who strew 
 
 the ground 
 With blooming plants, or mantle o'er the 
 
 springs 
 With emerald shade ? Or [who could sing] 
 
 the lays 
 Which I caught up by stealth from thee of 
 
 late. 
 When thou to Amaryllis, our delight, 30 
 Would'st take thee :— " Tityrus, till I re- 
 turn — 
 The journey is but short — feed thou my 
 
 goats, 
 And drive them on to drink when they are 
 
 fed, 
 O Tityrus ; and, in thy driving them, 
 Of going in the way of my he-goat — 
 That fellow butteth with his horn — be- 
 ware !" 
 Ma\ Nay, rather those, — nor they yet 
 finished off, — 
 Which he to Varus sang: "Varus, thy 
 
 name, 
 Let only Mantua for us survive — 
 Ah ! Mantua, a neighbor, too, too near 40 
 The evil-starred Cremona — as they chant. 
 The swans on' high shall carry to the stars." 
 
 26. " Strew, strew the glad and smiling ground, 
 With every flower, yet not confound 
 The primrose drop, the spring's own spouse, 
 Bright day's-eyes, and the lips of cows, 
 The garden-star, the queen of May, 
 The rose, to crown the holyday." 
 
 Ben Jonson, Patt's Atiniversary, 
 " Whose name shall now make ring 
 
 The echoes V Of whom shall the nymphets sing ?" 
 " Blush no more, rose, nor lily pale remain. 
 Dead is that beauty which yours late did stain." 
 
 Drummond, Sonnets, P. ii, 13, 10. 
 41. Shakespeare thus alludes to the warbling of 
 the swan : 
 
 '* Let nuisic sound while he doth make his choice ; 
 Then, if he lose, he makes a swan-like end, 
 Fading in music." Merchant of Venice, iii. 2, 
 And again, in King John, v. 7 : 
 
 " 'Tis strange that death should sing. 
 I am the cygnet to this pale faint swan. 
 Who chaunts a doleful hymn to his own death. 
 And from the organ-pipe of frailty sings 
 His soul and body to their lasting rest." 
 " Thus on Mseander's flowery margin lies 
 Tlie expiring swan, and as he sings he dies." 
 Pope, RaJ/e 0/ the Lock, canto v. 
 
 Ly. So may tlay swarms escape Cyrnean 
 yews ! 
 So may, upon the cytisus full-fed. 
 Thy kine swell out their teats ! Begin, if 
 
 aught 
 Thou hast. Me also have a poet made 
 Pieria's ladies ; I have verses too ; 
 Me likewise do the shepherds call a bard : 
 But not in them a weak believer I. 
 For [lays] I seem to warble, neither yet 50 
 Of Varus nor of Cinna worthy, but a goose 
 To cackle in the midst of tuneful swans. 
 
 Mce. That sooth am I about, and silently, 
 
 Lycid, with myself I turn it o'er. 
 If I could recollect it ; nor is mean 
 
 The sonnet : *' Hither come, O Galatee ; 
 For what is thy diversion in the w aves ? 
 Here spring all bright ; here, round the 
 
 rills. 
 The earth unbosoms her enamelled flowers ; 
 The silver poplar here o'erhangs the grot, 60 
 And limber vines pleach bowers. Hither 
 
 come ; 
 The frantic waves allow to lash the shores." 
 Ly. What those, which I had heard thee 
 
 when alone 
 Warbling beneath the cloudless night ? The 
 
 air 
 
 1 recollect, if I could catch the words. 
 Mcc. " O Daphnis, wherefore art thou 
 
 gazing up 
 Upon the constellations' rise of old ? 
 Lo ! hath the Dionsean Caesar's star 
 Advanced ; the star, whereby might fields 
 
 of corn 
 Delight them in their produce, and whereby 
 The bunch might draw its hue on sunny 
 
 hills. 71 
 
 Engraft the pear-trees, Daphnis ; sons of sons 
 
 Garth, still more musically : 
 " The tuneful swans on gliding rivers float. 
 And warbling dirges die on every note." 
 
 Dispensary, canto iv. 
 
 51. "At last, whenas our quire wants breath. 
 Our bodies being blest. 
 We'll sing, like swans, to welcome death. 
 And die in love and rest." 
 
 Webster, The Duchess of Malfi, iv. 2. 
 
 " Who hath his flock of cackling geese compared 
 With thy tuned. quire of swans?" 
 
 Carew, To Ben Jonson. 
 
 59. " Shepherd, I pray thee stay. Where hast 
 
 thou been ? 
 Or whither goest thou ? Here be woods as green 
 As any ; air likewise as fresh and sweet 
 As where smooth Zephyrus plays on the fleet 
 Face of the curled streams ; with flowers as many 
 As the young spring gives, and as choice as any ; 
 Here be all new delights, cool streams and wells. 
 Arbours o'ergrown with woodbines, caves, and 
 
 dells." 
 J. Fletcher, The Faithful Shepherdess, i. 3. 
 
V. 51—56. 
 
 ECLOGUE X. 
 
 ▼. 57—67. 
 
 «5 
 
 Shall cull thy fruits." Age all things sweeps 
 
 away, 
 The mem'ry too. I recollect that oft, a boy, 
 The ling'ring suns I buried as I sang : 
 So many songs are now by me forgot. 
 Now very voice, too, Moeris flies ; the wolves 
 Have first seen Moeris. But, however, these 
 Full oft to thee Menalcas will recite. 
 
 Ly. By pleading pretexts our enjoyments 
 
 thou 80 
 
 Deferr'st for long. And now, all lulled for 
 
 thee, 
 
 73. This idea is beautifully expressed by Dryden : 
 " O'er whom Time gently shakes his wings of 
 down, 
 Till with his silent sickle they are mown." 
 
 Astrcea Redux, 109. 
 " The end crowns all ; 
 And that old common arbitrator. Time, 
 Will one day end it." 
 
 Shakespeare, Troilus and Cressida, iv. 5. 
 
 75. "How oft in pleasing tasks we wear the day, 
 While summer suns roll unperceived away !" 
 
 Pope, Ep. to Mr. Jervas. 
 
 A. Philips, somewhat differently from Virgil : 
 " For many songs and tales of mirth had I 
 To chase the loit'ring sun adowne the sky." 
 
 /'asi. I. 
 
 78. To this notion Dryden alludes ; //ind and 
 Panther, 551, 2: 
 " The surly Wolf, with secret envy burst, 
 
 Yet could not howl : the Hind had seen him first." 
 
 The surface [of the lake] is still ; and, look I 
 
 Hath ev'ry breath of breezy whisper fallen. 
 
 From this we have exactly half the way ; 
 
 For 'gins Bianor's burial-place to show. 
 
 Here, where the farmers strip the clustered 
 leaves, 
 
 Here, Moeris, sing we ; here do thou the 
 kids 
 
 Set down : we still shall to the city come. 
 
 Or, if we fear lest night may gather rain 
 
 Before, we may — the road will irk the less — 
 
 Go singing still ; that singing we may go, 9 1 
 
 I'll disencumber thee of this thy load. 
 Ma'. Cease more, O swain ; and that 
 which presses now 
 
 Let us discharge : the songs we then shall 
 sing 
 
 The better, when he shall have come him- 
 self. 
 
 82. So Parnell in his beautiful Night-piece oh 
 Death : 
 
 " The slumb'ring breeze forgets to breathe ; 
 The lake is smooth and clear beneath." 
 
 84. Medius seems not to be used by classical 
 writers strictly in the sense of "half;" but it is 
 hard to make decent English of the sense "middle," 
 without an objectionable paraphrase. 
 " Discourse hath made the way less tedious : 
 
 We have reached the cell already." 
 
 Shirley, St. Patrick /or Ireland, v. 3. 
 
 90. Or, if ttedit be read with Wagner; "the 
 journey irketh less." 
 
 Eclogue X. GALLUS, 
 
 This latest effort, Arethuse, do thou 
 Vouchsafe me : lays a few to Gallus mine, 
 ■ But which Lycoris may herself peruse. 
 Must be recited : who will lays deny 
 To Gallus ? So along with thee, when thou 
 Shalt underneath Sicilian surges glide, 
 May not salt Doris blend her wave ! Begin : 
 Let us the restless loves of Gallus tell. 
 While flat-nosed she-goats nibble tender 
 
 shrubs. 
 We sing not to the deaf : woods echo all. 10 
 
 fWhat lawns, or woodlands what, held 
 
 I you, O Naiad maids. 
 
 Line ii. There is a marked resemblance between 
 this Eclogue and Milton's Lycidas ; but how immea- 
 surably the English has distanced the Latin poet, 
 must be obvious to any one who can divest himself 
 of prejudice: 
 
 *' Where were yc, nymphs, when the remorseless 
 deep 
 Closed o'er the head of your loved Lycidas? 
 For neither were ye playing on the steep, 
 Where your old bards, the famous Druids, lie. 
 Nor on the shaggy top of Mona high," &c. 
 
 When Gallus with unworthy passion pined ? 
 For neither unto you Parnassus' brows, 
 For neither any [brows] of Pindus caused 
 Delay, nor Aon Aganippe. Him 
 E'en bay-trees, even tamarisks bewept ; 
 Him, lying underneath a lonely cliff. 
 E'en piny Maen'lus and the rocks of cold 
 Lycaeus wept. The sheep, too, stand 
 around ; — 
 
 19. So Pope, Past. 2 : 
 " Soft as he mourn'd the streams forgot to flow. 
 
 The flocks around a dumb compassion show." 
 
 " There was speech in their dumbness, language 
 in their very gesture." — Shakespeare, Winter's 
 Tale, V. 2. 
 
 This whole account of Gallus brings to mind the 
 melancholy youth in Gray's Elegy : 
 " There at the foot of yonder nodding beech. 
 
 That wreathes its old fant.-istic roots so high. 
 His listless length at noontide would he stretch, 
 
 And pore upon the brook that babbles by. 
 Hard by yon wood, now smiling as in scorn, 
 
 Mutt'rin^ his wayward fancies, would he rove; 
 Now drooping, woful, wan, like one forlorn. 
 
 Or craz'd with care, or cross'd in hopeless love." 
 
26 
 
 V. 17—35- 
 
 ECLOGUE X. 
 
 V. 36—53- 
 
 They neither are ashamed of us, nor thou 20 
 Be of the flock ashamed, O heav'nly bard : 
 Yea, sheep by rivers fair Adonis fed ; — 
 And came the shepherd ; plodding swine- 
 herds came ; 
 The drenched Menalcas came from wintry 
 
 mast. 
 All ask, " Whence [comes] this passion 
 
 unto thee ?" 
 Apollo came: "Why, Gallus, rave?" he 
 
 cries ; 
 ' ' Thy care, Lycoris, hath another tracked 
 Alike through snows, and through dread 
 
 camps." Came, too, 
 Silvanus, with a [crown of] rural grace 
 Upon his head, his blooming fennel plants, 
 And monster lilies tossing to and fro. 31 
 Pan came, the god of Arcady, whom we 
 Ourselves beheld with berries bloody-red 
 Of danewort, and with cinnabar, aglow. 
 *' Will there be any bound [to this] ?" saith 
 
 he; 
 ' ' Love recks not of the like. Nor felon 
 
 Love 
 By tears, nor grasses by the rills, nor bees 
 By cytisus are cloyed, nor by the leaf 
 She-goats." But sad the other saith : 
 
 " Still ye 
 Shall sing of these, Arcadians, to your 
 mounts ; — 40 
 
 In singing ye, Arcadians, skilled alone. 
 Oh ! then how softly might my bones re- 
 pose, 
 Should your reed-pipe hereafter tell my 
 
 loves ! 
 And would to heav'n that I were one of 
 you, 
 
 42. " Farewell for evermore ! 
 
 If you shall hear that sorrow struck me dead. 
 And after find me loyal, let there be 
 A tear shed from you in my memory. 
 And I shall rest in peace." 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Philaster, iii. i. 
 " Lie lightly on my ashes, gentle earth !" 
 
 J. Fletcher, Bonduca, iv. 3. 
 44. " Oh, that I had been nourished in these woods 
 With milk of goats and acorns, and not known 
 The right of crowns, nor the dissembling trains 
 Of women's looks ; but digged myself a cave, 
 Where I, my fire, my cattle, and my bed. 
 Might have been shut together in one shed ; 
 And then had taken me some mountain girl. 
 Beaten with winds, chaste as the hardened rocks, 
 Whereon she dwelt, that might have strewed my bed 
 With leaves and reeds, and with the skins of beasts. 
 Our neighbours." 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Philaster, iv. 2. 
 " Take again 
 Your ill-timed honours ; take 'em, gods ! 
 And change me to some humble villager, 
 If so at last for toils at scorching noon, 
 In mowing meadows, and in reaping fields, 
 At night she will but crown me with a smile." 
 Lee, Tlieodosius, i. i. 
 
 And had been either guardian of your flock, 
 Or vintager of your enripened bunch ! 
 Of surety, had or Phyllis been my rage, 
 Or had Amyntas, or whoever else — 
 What then, if swart Amyntas were ? E'en 
 
 dark 
 Are violets, and martagons are dark — 50 
 With me among the willows, underneath 
 The limber vine, he might lie down ; her 
 
 wreaths 
 For me would Phyllis cull, Amyntas, [he] 
 Would sing. Here icy springs, here velvet 
 
 meads, 
 Lycoris, here the woodland ; here could I 
 Be worn away with thee through very age. 
 Now madding love of callous Mars in arms, 
 Among mid weapons and confronted foes, 
 Detains me : thou far off thy native land, — 
 Ne'er may it be my fortune to believe 60 
 [A truth] so grievous ! — dost the snows of 
 
 Alps, 
 Ah ! heartless ! and the chills of Rhine, 
 
 apart 
 From me, alone behold. Ah ! let the chills 
 Not harm thee ! At ! let rugged ice not 
 
 gash 
 Thy tender foot-soles ! I will go, and lays, 
 Which in Chalcidian strain by me were 
 
 framed, 
 On the Sicilian shepherd's reed will play. 
 'Tis fixed that I within the woods, among 
 The dens of savage beasts would liefer bear, 
 And carve my loves upon the tender trees : — 
 
 54. " Fly to the arbours, grots, and flowery meads, 
 And in soft murmurs interchange our souls ; 
 Together drink the crystal of the stream. 
 Or taste the yellow fruit which autumn yields, 
 And when the golden evening calls us home. 
 Wing to our downy nest, and sleep till morn." 
 Lee, Theodosius, ii. i. 
 
 56. " My all that Heaven can give ! 
 
 Death's life with you ; without you. Death to live." 
 Dryden, Aurungzebe, iv. i. 
 
 64. " But oh ! that hapless virgin, our lost sister ! 
 Where may she wander now, whither betake her 
 From the chill dew, among rude burs and thistles ! 
 Perhaps some cold bank is her bolster now. 
 Or 'gainst the rugged bark of some broad elm 
 Leans her unpillowed head." Milton, Comus. 
 
 70. When Prince Arthure discovers the "gentle 
 squire," he finds that he had followed the example 
 of Gallus, in making the trees the monuments of his 
 affection ; 
 
 " And eke by that he saw on every tree 
 How he the name of one engraven had 
 Which likely was his liefest love to be." 
 
 Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7, 46. 
 
 And so also Colin : Colin Clout, 632 : 
 " Her name in every tree I will endosse, 
 That, as the trees do grow, her name may grow." 
 
 We find Orlando doing the same in As Vou Like 
 It, iii. 2 : 
 
V. 54—63. 
 
 ECLOGUE X. 
 
 V. 64—77. 
 
 Grow they will, ye will grow, my loves. 
 
 Meanwhile 71 
 
 O'er Mjsn'lus will I range with mingled 
 
 Nymphs, 
 Or hunt the hot wild boars ; no chills shall 
 
 bar 
 My compassing with hounds Parthenian 
 
 glades. 
 Meseems that now through rocks and ring- 
 ing groves 
 I'm roaming ; 'tis my joy from Parthian bow 
 To shoot Cydonian arrows ; as if this 
 Were healing for my frenzy, or that god 
 May learn to soften at the ills of men. 
 Now neither Hamadryads any more, 80 
 Nor songs themselves charm us ; ye very 
 woods, 
 
 " Hang there, my verse, in witness of my love : 
 
 And thou, thrice crowned queen of night, survey 
 With thy chaste eye, from thy pale sphere above. 
 
 Thy huntress' name, that my full life doth sway. 
 O Rosalind ! these trees shall be my books. 
 
 And in their barks my thoughts I'll character ; 
 That every eye, which in this forest looks, 
 
 Shall see thy virtue witness'd everywhere. 
 Run, run, Orlando ; carve on every tree 
 The fair, the chaste, and une.\pressive she." 
 
 Drayton varies the idea in Quest of Cynthia, 
 S. 6: 
 
 " At length upon a lofty fir 
 It was my chance to find 
 Where that dear name, most due to her, 
 
 Was carved upon the rind. 
 Which whilst with wonder I beheld. 
 
 The bees their honey brought. 
 And up the carved letters filled, 
 As they with gold were wrought." 
 Shirley uses tears instead of wood-cuts : 
 
 " That every tear could fall 
 Into some character, which you might read, 
 That so I might dispense with my sad tongue, 
 And leave my sorrows legible." 
 
 The Imposture, iv. 5, 
 Cowley makes such carvings fatal to the tree : 
 '* I cut my love into his gentle bark. 
 
 And in three days, behold ! 'tis dead." 
 " Pardon, ye birds and nymphs, who loved this 
 shade ; 
 And pardon me, thou gentle tree ; 
 I thought her name would thee have happy made. 
 
 And blessed omens hoped from thee : 
 'Notes of my love, thrive here,' said I, 'and 
 grow ; 
 And with ye let my love do so.' " 
 
 The Mistress : The Tree. 
 "Oh ! might I here 
 In solitude live savage : in some glade 
 Obscured, where highest woods, impenetrable 
 To star or sunlight, spread their umbrage broad 
 And brown as evening : cover me, ye pines. 
 Ye cedars ; with innumerable boughs 
 Hide me." Milton, P. L., b. ix. 
 
 Once more give way. Our woes cannot 
 
 change him, 
 Nor if we in the midst of frosts were both 
 To drink the Hebrus, and Sithonian snows 
 Of wat'ry winter-tide to undergo ; 
 Nor if, when dying on the lofty elm, 
 The bark is shriv'ling, we should shift the 
 
 sheep 
 Of -(Ethiopians under Cancer's star. 
 Love conquers all : let us too yield to Love." 
 'Twill be enough, Pierian maids divine, 90 
 That these your bard hath chanted, while 
 
 he sits. 
 And weaves with mallow slim his slender 
 
 frail. 
 Ye these of deepest interest will make 
 To Gallus : [yea] to Gallus, love of whom 
 As fast is growing on me every hour. 
 As in the infant spring the alder green 
 Uprears her. Let us rise ; the shade is wont 
 To prove calamitous to those who sing 
 Calamitous the shade of juniper ; 
 The shades, too, harm the crops. Go, full- 
 fed, home, — 100 
 The star of Eve is rising ; — go, she-goats. 
 
 82. " Nothing rocks love asleep but death.' 
 
 J. Fletcher, The PUgrim, v. 4. 
 
 8g. " Love is your master, for he masters you : 
 And he that is so yoked by a fool, 
 Methinks, should not be chronicled for wise." 
 Shakespeare, Two Gentlemen of Verona, i. i. 
 
 94. Cardinal Wolsey speaks similarly of his de- 
 votion to the king : Shakespeare, Hen. VIII. iii. a : 
 " My loyalty. 
 Which ever has, and ever shall be growing. 
 Till death, that winter, kill it." 
 
 99. Cowley says the same of the yew : 
 " Beneath a bower for sorrow made, 
 Th' uncomfortable shade 
 Of the black yew's unlucky green. 
 Mixed with the mourning willow's careful grey." 
 The Complaint, 
 
 100. " Shepherds all and maidens fair. 
 Fold your flocks up, for the air 
 'Gins to thicken, and the sun 
 Already his great course hath run. 
 See the dewdrops, how they kiss. 
 Every little flower that is. 
 Hanging on their velvet heads. 
 Like a rope of crystal beads : 
 See the heavy clouds are falling. 
 And bright Hesperus down calling. 
 The dead night from under ground ; 
 At whose rising mists unsound. 
 Damps and vapours fly apace. 
 Hovering o'er the wanton face 
 Of these pastures, where they come. 
 Striking dead both bud and bloom." 
 J. Fletcher, The Faithful Shepherdess, ii. i. 
 
THE GEORGICS. 
 
 BOOK I. 
 
 What makes gay crops, beneath what star 
 
 the earth 
 To turn, Maecenas, and to elms to wed 
 The vines, 'tis meet ; what be the care of 
 
 beeves. 
 What management in keeping of the flock ; 
 How vast the knowledge for the thrifty- 
 bees : — 
 I hence will undertake to sing. O ye, 
 All-brilliant luminaries of the world. 
 Who lead the year, as through the heav'n 
 
 it glides ; 
 O Liber and boon Ceres, since the earth 
 Hath through your gift Chaonian mast 
 
 exchanged lo 
 
 For the rich ear, and Acheloan cups 
 Hath blent with [new] discovered grapes ; 
 
 and ye, 
 The rustics' fav'ring Pow'rs, O Fauns — 
 
 advance 
 Your foot in time, both Fauns and Dryad 
 
 maids : — 
 
 Line 3. "Two rows of elms ran with proportioned 
 grace. 
 Like Nature's arras, to adorn the sides ; 
 The friendly vines their loved barks embrace, 
 With folding tops the checkered ground-work 
 hides." Shirley, Narcissus, st. 13. 
 
 *' Or they led the vine 
 To wed her elm : she, spoused, about him twines 
 Her marriageable arms, and with him brings 
 Her dower, the adopted clusters, to adorn 
 His barren leaves." Milton, Par. Lost, b. v. 
 Shakespeare makes Titania say beautifully of the 
 ivy: 
 
 ' ' Sleep thou, and I will wind thee in my arms : 
 Fairies, begone ; and be all ways away. 
 So doth the woodbine, the sweet honeysuckle. 
 Gently entwist, — the female ivy so 
 Enrings the barky fingers of the elm." 
 
 Midsummer Night's Dream, iv. i. 
 " Thou art an elm, my husband, I a vine. 
 Whose weakness, married to thy stronger state, 
 Makes me with thy strength to communicate." 
 Shakespeare, Comedy of Errors, ii. 2. 
 " Everlasting hate 
 The vine to ivy bears, nor less abhors 
 The colewort's rankness, but with amorous twine 
 Clasps the tall elm." J. Philips, Cider, b. i. 
 II. Or, " draughts." 
 14, Or, "at once." 
 
 Your gifts I sing. And thou, O [thou], for 
 
 whom 
 The earth, by thy majestic trident struck, 
 Unbosomed first the snorting courser, 
 
 Neptune ! 
 And patron [thou] of lawns, through whom 
 
 three hundred steers, 
 Snow-white, are browsing Cea's juicy 
 
 brakes ; 
 E'en thou, too, quitting thy paternal lawn, 
 And woodlands of LycKus, Pan ! of sheep 
 The guardian, if thy Msenalus to thee 22 
 Is of concern, be kindly present here, 
 O [god] of Tegea ! Minerva, too. 
 Creatress of the olive ; and thou youth, 
 Discloser of the crooked plough; and [thou,] 
 Silvanus, bearing, from its root [uptorn], 
 A tender cypress ; and ye gods and god- 
 desses. 
 All, whose delight it be to guard the fields, 
 Both ye, who rear from no [implanted] 
 seed 30 
 
 The infant fruits, and who on seeded crops 
 Drop down the plenteous show'r from 
 
 heav'n ; and thou. 
 In chief, whom what assemblies of the 
 
 gods 
 Hereafter shall enjoy is unresolved : 
 Whether to visit cities, Coesar, and the 
 
 charge 
 Of countries mayest thou desire, and thee 
 The vasty globe, as parent of its fruits, 
 And of its weather-changes lord, may hail, 
 Environing thy brows with myrtle-plant 
 Of thy own mother ; — or thou mayest come 
 The god of the immeasurable sea, 41 
 
 And mariners thy deity alone 
 Adore, the farmost Thule be thy serf, 
 
 16. See the fabled dispute between Neptune and 
 Minerva, treated by Spenser in his beautiful poem, 
 Mtdopotmos. 
 
 " Percussa" is rather " thrilled," or "shocked." 
 
 18. Or, "Tenant," "haunter." 
 
 25. Inventrix, creatress ; so repertor, creator : 
 yEw. xii. 829, 
 
 34. That is, though it might be known in heaven, 
 it is a question on earth. 
 
V. 31—51. 
 
 BOOK I. 
 
 T. 5 a— 8 a. 
 
 39 
 
 And Tethys buy thee for her son-in-law 
 With all her waves ;— or whether thou a 
 
 star, 
 New [-born], annex thee to the lazy months, 
 There where a space between Erigone 
 And the pursuing Claws is opened out : — 
 The fiery Scorpion of himself for thee 
 E'en now draws in his arms, and hath 
 resigned 50 
 
 A more than due proportion of the sky : — 
 Whate'er thou'lt be — for let nor Tartarus 
 Expect thee for its monarch, nor on thee 
 Let so accurst a lust of ruling come, 
 Though Greece may her Elysian plains 
 
 admire, 
 Nor Proserpine recovered feel concern 
 T' attend her mother : — ^grant an easy course, 
 And nod [thy sanction] to my bold em- 
 prize : 
 And pitying with me the rural [swains], 
 Unknowing of the path, advance, and now, 
 Inure thee now to be invoked with vows. 61 
 In early spring, when rimy moisture 
 thaws 
 On hoary mountains, and the crumbling 
 
 clod 
 Unbinds itself before the western breeze, 
 Let now at once the bull begin for me 
 Beneath the deeply sunken plough to groan, 
 And, by the furrow worn, the share to 
 
 flash. 
 That corny seedland answers at the last 
 The greedy tiller's prayers, which twice the 
 
 sun, 
 Twice frosts hath felt : its harvests passing 
 bound 70 
 
 Have burst his gamers. But ere we with 
 
 steel 
 An unknown surface cleave, be it our task 
 The winds, and changeful habit of the 
 clime, 
 
 51. " But this fair gem, sweet in the loss alone, 
 When you fleet hence, can be bequeathed to none ; 
 Or, if it could, down from th' enamelled sky 
 All heaven would come to claim this legacy." 
 
 Marlowe, Hero and Leander, Sestiad i. 
 " Thou shalt 
 Be drawn with horses, white as Venus' doves, 
 Till heaven itself, in envy of our bliss, 
 Snatch thee from earth, to place thee in his orb, 
 The brightest constellation." 
 
 Shirley, The Politician, ii. i. 
 
 62. " And made the downy Zephyr, as he flew. 
 Still to be followed by the Spring's best hue." 
 B. Jonson, The Vision of Delight. See note on 
 
 Geo. ii. /. 449. 
 
 But he introduces a harbinger, still more charm- 
 ing : 
 
 " I grant the linet, lark, and bullfinch sing. 
 But best the dear good angel of the spring, 
 The Nightingale." 
 
 The Sad Shepherd, ii. a. 
 
 To learn before, and both the native tilths 
 And dispositions of the spots, and what 
 Each district may produce, and what may 
 
 each 
 Refuse. Here cereal crops, there clusters 
 
 come 
 More happily ; the fruits of trees elsewhere ; 
 And uncommanded wax the grasses green. 
 Dost thou not see how Tmolus saffron 
 scents, 80 
 
 Ind iv'ry sendeth, Saba's tender sons 
 The frankincense their own ; but naked 
 
 Chalybs, 
 Their iron ; Pontus, too, rank castory, 
 Epinis palm-wreaths of Elean mares ? 
 From first these laws and everlasting terms 
 Upon established spots hath Nature laid, 
 What time at first Deucalion tossed the 
 
 stones 
 Upon an empty globe, whence men were 
 
 born, 
 A flinty race. Then come, the soil of 
 
 earth 
 That's rich, let straightway from the year's 
 first months 90 
 
 Thy sturdy bulls upturn, and as they lie, 
 Let dusty-mantled summer bake the clods 
 With rip'ning suns. But should the land 
 
 not prove 
 Prolific, towards Arcturus' very [rise]. 
 Sufficient will it be to hang it up, 
 With a diminished furrow : there — lest 
 
 weeds 
 May harass the delighted produce ; here — 
 Lest scanty moisture quit the barren sand. 
 In every other year shalt thou, the same, 
 Allow thy fallow-lands, that have been 
 reaped, 100 
 
 To idle, and the listless plain to cake 
 With rust ; or there shalt sow the golden 
 
 spelts 
 Beneath a constellation changed, whence 
 
 thou 
 Shalt first the merry pulse with rattling pod. 
 Or tiny seeds of vetch, and brittle haulm 
 Of bitter lupin, and its rustling grove. 
 Have carried off. For bumeth up the 
 
 plain 
 The crop of flax, the oat [-crop] bums it up, 
 Bum it up poppies, soaked in Lethe's sleep. 
 But still in every other year the toil IIO 
 Is easy : only be thou not ashamed 
 To glut the sapless mould with ordure rich. 
 Nor over thy exhausted grounds to toss 
 The ash unclean. Thus, too, by change of 
 crops 
 
 114. Ben Jonson has " ash" in the singular : 
 " Put it out rather, all out, to an ash. ^ 
 
 D.isoH Att, ii. X. 
 
30 
 
 V. 83 — 107. 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V, I08 — 120. 
 
 The fields repose ; nor meanwhile no re- 
 turn 
 Ariseth from the earth miploughed. Oft, 
 
 too, 
 It hath bestead to fire the barren fields. 
 And burn light stubble in the crackling 
 
 flames : 
 Whether thereby the lands secreted powers 
 And juicy food conceive ; or every fault I20 
 Is melted out of them by fire, and forth 
 The baneful moisture oozes ; or that heat 
 More passages, and darksome breathing- 
 pores 
 Unloosens, where to th' infant blades the 
 
 sap 
 May come ; or hardens more, and braces 
 
 close 
 The gaping arteries, lest filmy rains. 
 Or too fierce power of the raging sun, 
 Or piercing cold of Boreas sear them up. 
 Much, too, doth he, who breaks the lazy 
 
 clods 
 With rakes, and hurdles of the osier trails, 
 Bestead the fields ; nor him in vain regards 
 The golden Ceres from Olympus high : 132 
 And who the ridges, which upon the plain. 
 When broken up, he rears, once more 
 
 breaks through 
 With plough transversely turned, and works 
 
 his ground 
 Incessantly, and lords it o'er his lays. 
 For dropping summers and for winters 
 
 fair 
 Entreat, O swains : through wintry dust 
 
 the spelts 
 Are blithest, blithe the field. In tillage 
 
 none 
 Doth Mysia vaunt herself so much, and 
 
 e'en 140 
 
 At their own harvests marvel Gargar's 
 
 [heights]. 
 Why sing of him, who, when the seed is 
 
 cast. 
 In close encounter presses on his fields, 
 And quells the piles of no rich land ? Then 
 
 brings he o'er 
 His seeded grounds a flood and following 
 
 rills ; 
 And when the seared ground is withering 
 
 ^P 
 
 115. The construction in verse 83 is imitated by 
 Milton in several places : e. g. Par. Lost, b. i. : 
 " Nor did they not perceive the evil plight 
 In which they were." 
 
 " Nor doth the moon no nourishment exhale." 
 lb., b. V. 
 
 134. Proscindo is technically to "break up," i.e. 
 lay-ground ; for arva here obviously means this. 
 
 140. That is, " in such a climate as this." 
 
 With dying herbage, lo ! adown the brow 
 Of some hill-channel he the brook allures. 
 It, tumbling o'er the glossy shingle, wakes 
 A noisy brawl, and with its bubbling 
 
 streams 150 
 
 Relieves the parching fields. Why [sing of 
 
 him]. 
 Who, lest the straw should lodge through 
 
 loaded ears. 
 His crops' rank humor in the tender blade 
 Feeds down, when first the seedlings level 
 
 make 
 His furrows ; and who through the spongy 
 
 sand 
 Drains off the gathered moisture of the 
 
 pool? 
 In chief if in unsettled months a stream, 
 O'erflowing, bursts abroad, and far and 
 
 near 
 Encases all with crusted slime, whence reek 
 The hollow channels with the moisture 
 
 warm. 160 
 
 Nor still, when these have travails both 
 
 of men 
 And beeves, in turning up the earth, es- 
 sayed. 
 Naught do the graceless goose, and Stry- 
 
 mon's cranes. 
 
 161. See note on 1. 115, where examples are 
 quoted of Milton's imitation of such constructions 
 as those in verses 118-120. 
 
 163. Improbiis has a variety of meanings, whether 
 applied to persons, qualities, or things ; all of which 
 arise from the radical signification of "improper," 
 and hence "immoderate." In the present instance, 
 the great mass of commentators refer the expression 
 more to the physical desires of the goose than to his 
 (poetically) moral turpitude ; that is, the goose was 
 rather a glutton than a rogue. Now the fact is, 
 that he was both, — and a mischievous bird besides ; 
 an exact parallel to his brother in crime, the attgtiis, 
 in the third Book. The following remarks may 
 serve as a help to ascertain its sense in the present 
 case. 
 
 The word in question is employed sixteen times 
 by Virgil ; and after a careful analysis of its signifi- 
 cation in these different instances, which it would 
 be too long to detail, these conclusions would seem 
 to result : 
 
 It is applied eleven times to persons, and five 
 times to qualities or things. 
 
 Of the eleven times used of persons, in seven 
 cases it is used in the strongest sense, implying 
 moral guilt. Twice it is doubtful, leaving the appli- 
 cation to anser and angtds to be determined. 
 
 Of the five occasions on which it is used in con- 
 nection with qualities or things, thrice it bears a 
 bad, and twice a harmless, sense. 
 
 Upon the whole, then, considering the immense 
 mischief perpetrated by the wild goose, joined to 
 his extraordinary appetite ; (for he eats hugely, and 
 tramples and scalds what he does not eat:) con- 
 sidering also the plain predominance of the bad 
 sense in Virgil, "graceless" would seem to meet 
 the necessities of the case, or the excellent term 
 employed by Dr. Kennedy, "felon." 
 
 If the more usual view be taken, " glutton " is 
 
V. 131— 1 33* 
 
 BOOK I. 
 
 y. 134—150. 
 
 And succory with bitter roots, obstruct, 
 Or shade molest. The Father hath him- 
 self 
 Decreed that easy should not be the 
 
 path 
 Of tilth, and he first roused the lands by 
 
 skill, 
 Whetting with cares the hearts of human 
 
 kind ; 
 Nor suffered he his realms to lie benumbed 
 In leaden torpor. Ere [the reign of] Jove 
 No"i'v^?rif reduced the fields : not e'en to 
 
 mark, 171 
 
 Or parcel off the champaign by a bourn, 
 Was lawful. For the common stock they 
 
 sought, 
 And of her own accord the earth her all 
 More freely, at demand of none, produced. 
 He baleful venom to the sable snakes 
 Imparted, and commanded wolves to prowl, 
 And ocean to be roused ; and from the 
 
 leaves 
 Shook honies down, and he sequestered 
 
 fire. 
 And, everywhere in rills careering, wines 
 He stayed ; that practice, by the dint of 
 
 thought, 181 
 
 The various crafts might slowly hammer 
 
 QUt, 
 
 an effective rendering: which word is surely an 
 adjective, though Johnson and Webster do not 
 recognise it as such. Richardson differs from them, 
 as well he may ; for it is too constantly joined by 
 the poets to nouns substantive to admit of " appo- 
 sition :" e. g. Spenser, Muiopotvios, \-]<), "glutton 
 sense ;" Shakespeare, 2 Hen. IV. i. 3, " glutton 
 bosom ;" and again, " glutton eye ;" Dryden, Rel. 
 Lai. 33. " glutton souls ;" Hind and P. i^TS, 
 " glutton kind ;" &c. 
 
 166. " For sloth, the nurse of vices, 
 
 And rust of action, is a stranger to him." 
 Massinger, T/te Great Duke 0/ Florence, i. i. 
 " The fort, that's yielded at the first assault. 
 Is hardly worth the taking." ii. 3. 
 
 " The thrifty heavens mingle our sweets with gall. 
 Least, being glutted with excess of good. 
 We should forget the giver." 
 
 Rawlins, The Rebellion, v. end. 
 
 174. " Covered with grass more soft than any silk, 
 The trees dropt honey, and the springs gushed 
 
 milk ; 
 The flower-fleeced meadow, and the gorgeous 
 
 grove. 
 Which should smell sweetest in their bravery 
 strove ;" 
 " Whilst to the little birds' melodious strains 
 
 The trembling rivers tripped along the plains ;" 
 " The battening earth all plenty did afford, 
 And without tilling, of her own accord." 
 
 Drayton, Noah's Flood. 
 176. Or, perhaps : " He wicked venom to the 
 baleful snakes." 
 
 182. How poor are they, that have not patience!" 
 Shakespeare, Otlullo, iii. 3. 
 
 And in the furrows seek the blade of corn ; 
 
 That from the veins of flint it forth might 
 
 strike 
 The hidden fire. Then first thejrivers felt 
 The hollowed alders ; then the rnariner 
 Numbers and names invented for the stars, 
 The Pleiads, Hyads, and Lycaon's sheeny 
 
 Bear. 
 In nooses then wild creatures to entrap, 
 And dupe them with the lime, it was de- 
 vised, 190 
 And mighty glades to girdle round with 
 
 dogs. 
 And one now lashes with his casting-net 
 The spacious river, searching for its depths ; 
 And through the main another trails along 
 His dripping lines. Then stiffness of the 
 
 steel. 
 And blade of grating saw ; for primal 
 
 men 
 With wedges used to cleave the splitting 
 
 wood. 
 Then divers crafts came in : unsparing Toil 
 Prov'd conq'ror over all, and Indigence, 
 That spurs [men] on in their distressed 
 
 estate. 200 
 
 'Twas Ceres first instructed mortal kind 
 With iron to upturn the earth, when now 
 The mast and arbutes of the holy wood 
 Were failing, and Dodone refusing food. 
 Soon, too, was travail to the corn annexed, 
 
 183. Or, "through," "by." 
 185. "These earthly godfathers of heaven's lights 
 That give a name to every fixed star." 
 
 Shakespeare, Love's Labour's Lost, L x. 
 186. Or: " Then the sailor coined 
 
 Numbers and names for stars, the Pleiad-train, 
 The Hyads," &c. 
 
 192. With the great weight of commentators, it 
 is better to make alta refer to amnem. Notwith- 
 standing Forbiger's steadiness, and Wagner's change 
 of mind, does there seem to be sufficient warrant for 
 the awkwardness which their view involves ? Does 
 it not impose an unfair duty upon the conjunction 
 que^. 
 
 198. " Impossible ! Nothing's impossible ! 
 We know our strength only by being tried. 
 If you object the mountains, rivers, woods 
 Impassable, that lie before our march : — 
 Woods we can set on fire : we swim by nature : 
 What can oppose us then but we may tame ? 
 All things submit to virtuous indu.stry : 
 That we can carry with us ; that is ours." 
 
 Southern, Oroonoko, iii. 4. 
 205. This primitive condition of the earth, prior 
 to culture, is realised by the loss of Pe.-ice : which 
 miserable state of things is feelingly described by 
 the Duke of Burgundy in King Henry V.y.i'. 
 " Alas! she hath from France too lone been chas'd. 
 And all her husbandry doth He on neaps. 
 Corrupting in its own fertility. 
 Her vine, the merry checrcr of the heart, 
 Unpruned dies ; her hedges even-plcichcd. 
 Like prisoners wildly overgrown with hair. 
 
32 
 
 V. 151— 174- 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V. 175 — 192. 
 
 That scathful blight should prey upon the 
 
 stalks, 
 And in his laziness might bristle up 
 The thistle in the fields. Crops go to 
 
 wrack ; 
 Succeeds a prickly forest, even burrs 
 And caltrops ; and amid the shiny tilths 2lo 
 Curst darnel and the barren oats bear rule. 
 Wherefore, unless with unremitting rakes 
 Thou both shalt worry weed, and with a din 
 Alarm the birds, and with thy pruning- 
 
 hook 
 TTie shadow of the darkling country check, 
 And in thy prayers shalt have invoked the 
 
 shower ; — 
 Alas ! upon another's massy pile 
 Thou bootlessly shalt gaze, and in the 
 
 woods 
 Thy hunger comfort through the shaken oak. 
 Sung, too, must be what are the imple- 
 ments 220 
 Of hardy rustics, without which their crops 
 Nor could be sown, nor spring. The share 
 
 in chief, ■ 
 And heavy timber of the bended plough, 
 And waggons of the Eleusinian Dame, 
 That lazy troll ; the sledges, too, and drags. 
 And harrows of unrighteous weight ; more- 
 
 o'er, 
 The furniture of Celeus, wrought of twig, 
 And cheap, and hurdles of the arbutus. 
 And mystic fan of Bacchus : all the which, 
 Long previously foreseen, in thoughtful 
 
 mood, 230 
 
 Shalt thou lay by in store, if thee awaits 
 The honor, to the heav'n-born country due. 
 First, in the forests bowed with mighty 
 
 force. 
 Into a plough-tail is an elm reduced. 
 And [this] the figure of a crooked plough 
 Receives. Thereto from out the base a 
 
 pole, 
 Stretched forward to eight feet, twain 
 
 moulding-boards. 
 Share-beams M'ith double back, are fitted 
 
 on. 
 Felled, too, thei-e is beforehand for the 
 
 yoke 
 A lightsome linden, and a lofty beech 240 
 For staff, which from the rear may wheel 
 
 around 
 
 Put forth disorder'd twigs ; her fallow leas 
 The darnel, hemlock, and rank fumitory ' 
 Doth root upon ; while that the coulter rusts. 
 That should deracinate such savagery ; 
 The even mead, that erst brought sweetly forth 
 The freckled cowslip, burnet, and green clover. 
 Wanting the scythe, all uncorrected, rank. 
 Conceives by idleness ; and nothing teems. 
 But hateful docks, rough thistles, kecksies, burs, 
 Losing both beauty and utility." 
 
 The bottom of the carriage ; and the smoke 
 Searches the timber hung above the hearths. 
 Pow'r have I many a rule of them of yore 
 To cite to thee, unless thou dost recoil, 
 And slender interests it irks to learn. 
 The floor, among the chief, with roller huge 
 Must levelled be, and kneaded with the 
 
 hand. 
 And rendered firm with binding Cretan 
 
 earth, 
 Lest weeds work up, or, overcome by dust, 
 It gape, and divers plagues at thee should 
 
 mock. 251 
 
 Oft hath the tiny mouse beneath thy lands 
 Both placed her homestead, and her garners 
 
 built ; 
 Or, cheated of their eyes, the moles have 
 
 delved 
 Their chambers ; and, in hollows found, 
 
 the toad : 
 And vermin, which, full many, breed thy 
 
 grounds ; 
 Both weevil wastes a vasty pile of corn, 
 And ant, in terror at a helpless eld. 
 
 Mark also, when the almond in the 
 woods 
 Shall throw her into rich array of bloom, 260 
 And arch her scented boughs, if embryoes 
 Abound, in equal sort will corn ensue, 
 And mighty threshing come with mighty 
 
 heat : 
 But if through rampancy of leafage shade 
 
 exceeds. 
 Stalks, rank in chaff, thy floor will vainly 
 
 bruise. 
 
 242. Every editor seems to read cumts instead of 
 cursus, which is substituted by Wagner and For- 
 biger, though, as it would seem, with' small manu- 
 script authority. The difficulty in the common 
 text to them was this : ist, that currus implies 
 wheels, and that no Roman plough had such an 
 appendage ; and 2nd, that it must be capable of 
 carrying somebody, which the plough was not. To 
 the tirst objection the reply is, that their authority, 
 Schulz, was mistaken in saying that no Roman 
 plough had wheels, as an antique has been dis- 
 covered which represents one with them. To the 
 second, that a machine drawn by brutes, and guided 
 by a human being, may, in poetic language, fairly 
 claim the name : a consideration which is strength- 
 ened by a remark of Holds worth, that the stiva 
 was actually a foot-board, on which the ploughman 
 stood. 
 
 243. Focis is not rendered by " flues " or " chim- 
 neys," as it is a disputed point whether the Romans 
 had any special aperture for the escape of smoke. 
 254. " As the blind mole, the properest son of earth. 
 
 Who, in the casting his ambitious hills up, 
 Is often taken and destroyed i' the midst 
 Of his advanced work." 
 
 Middleton, A Game at Chess, iv. 4. 
 
 265. "The careful ploughman doubting stands. 
 
 Lest on the threshing-floor his hopeless sheaves 
 
 Prove chaff." Milton, P. L. iv. 
 
V. 193 — 2o6. 
 
 BOOK I. 
 
 V. 206 — 237. 
 
 33 
 
 Their seeds have I, in sooth, seen many 
 
 drug 
 When sowing, and in natron steep them 
 
 first, 
 And murky olive-lees, that there might 
 
 prove 
 A fuller produce in the guileful pods. 
 And though they, quickened o'er a scanty 
 
 fire, 270 
 
 Were moistened, have I seen them, — 
 
 gathered long, 
 And tested with a world of travail, — yet 
 Deteriorate, unless the energy of man 
 Year after year each largest with the hand 
 Should cull. So all things by the Destinies 
 Are hasting to decay, and, sinking down, 
 Are backward borne : not otherwise than he 
 Who up the breasting river scarce his skiff 
 With oarage forces on, if he his arms 
 Hath haply slacked, and down the swift 
 
 descent 280 
 
 The channel sweeps him with its giddy tide.j 
 Moreo'er, as much are to be watched by us 
 Arcturus' constellation, and the days 
 Of Kids, and sheeny Dragon, as by those 
 By whom, when wafted towards their native 
 
 land 
 
 271. It is hard to acquiesce in the view which 
 puts a period after maderent , instead oi esset. This 
 arrangement displaces guamvis from its natural 
 relation to tamen, in order to set it in a weak con- 
 nection with exiguo ; it assigns to tnaderent a 
 meaning which it is doubtful that it ever bore ; and 
 gives an abruptness to the commencement of a new 
 sentence, which is thus made to begin at vidi. The 
 objections to the opposite view are not fatal, and do 
 not seem to be strong. However, if the more 
 modern interpretation be preferred, the translation 
 will run thus : 
 
 that there might prove 
 A fuller produce in the guileful pods. 
 And they might o'er a fire, however small, 
 Be softened quick. I've seen those gathered 
 
 long, &c. 
 276. So several translators ; but, if deemed a 
 little too free, it is easy to substitute : 
 " Are hurrying to worse." 
 So thought Thenot in Spenser's iTA. Cnl. Feb. 12: 
 " Must not the worlde wende in his common course 
 From good to bad, and from bad to worse. 
 From worst unto that is worst of all, 
 And then returne to his former fall t" 
 "These our actors, 
 As I foretold you, were all spirits, and 
 Are melted into air, into thin air : 
 And like the baseless fabric of this vision, 
 The cloud-capped towers, the gorgeous palaces. 
 The solemn temples, the great globe itself. 
 Yea, all which it inherit, shall dissolve. 
 And, like this insubstantial pageant faded. 
 Leave not a rack behind." 
 
 Shakespeare, TemJ>est, iv. i. 
 280. >4/7«^ certainly does sometimes mean "im- 
 mediately," but not in classical times. A good 
 sense can be obtained by the ordinary use, and 
 therefore it is to be preferred. 
 
 Across the gusty waters, are essayed 
 PontuS and oyster-full Abydos* straits. 
 When Libra even shall have made the hours 
 Of day and sleep, and midway now disparts 
 The globe to light and shades, my masters, 
 
 work 290 
 
 Your bulls, sow barleys in the plains, e'en 
 
 close 
 To th' eve of latest show'r of brumal-tide, 
 Impracticable. Yea, a flax-crop, too, 
 And Cereal poppy is it time in earth 
 To hide, and now at once to bend to ploughs; 
 While, dry the ground, we may, while hang 
 
 the clouds. 
 In spring time is for beans the sowing ; then 
 Thee likewise, O thou Median [plant], re- 
 ceive 
 The crumbling furrows, and for millet comes 
 The yearly care, when, bright with gilded 
 
 horns, 300 
 
 The Bull unlocks the year, and, slinking off 
 Before the star his foeman, sets the DoG. 
 But if for wheaten crop, and hardy spelts, 
 Thou'lt work thy ground, and press for 
 
 ears alone. 
 First let th' Atlantic maidens at the Dawn 
 To thee be hidden, and the Gnosiai^star 
 Of blazing Diadem withdraw, ere thou 
 Consign to furrows seeds their due, and ere 
 Thou haste to trust the promise of the year 
 To earth unwilling. Many have commenced 
 Before the set of Maia ; butthose [swains] 311 
 The hoped-for crop with empty ears hath 
 
 duped. 
 But if both vetch and paltry kidney-bean 
 Thou'lt sow, nor the Pelusian lentil's care 
 Shalt spurn away, no darkling signs to thee 
 Bootes, as he sinks, will send : begin. 
 And stretch thy sowing to mid [-winter] 
 
 frosts. 
 For this, in settled portions meted out. 
 The golden Sun directs the sphere along 
 The constellations of the world in twelves. 
 Five zones embrace the heav'n ; whereof is 
 
 one 321 
 
 For ever crimsoned with the flashing Sun, 
 And scorched for ever by its fire; round 
 
 which 
 The outermost upon the right and left 
 Are drawn, with azure ice and murky 
 
 showers 
 Congealed. 'Tween these and that in 
 
 centre, twain 
 To sickly mortals by the boon of gods 
 
 309. " With conscious certainty the swain 
 Gives to the ground his trusted gntn. 
 With eager hope the reddening h«r>'est e>'et 
 
 And claims the ripe autumnal gold. 
 The raced of toil, of industry' ihc prize." 
 
 T. Warton, Od* xvi. 
 D 
 
34 
 
 V. 238—262. 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V. 262 — 284. 
 
 Are granted ; and a path is scored thro' both, 
 Whereon aslant the cycle of the signs 
 Might wheel itself. The world, as e'en aloft 
 To Scythia and Rhipsean heights it towers. 
 Is sunk aslope to Lybia's southern gales. 332 
 This pole to us is ever reared on high ; 
 But that beneath our feet the pitchy Styx 
 Beholdeth, and the Manes deep adown. 
 The monster Dragon here with coiling fold 
 Glides off around and midst of the two Bears, 
 After the fashion of a flood, — the Bears, 
 In ocean's surface fearing to be dipped. 
 There, as they tell, or hushes dead of night. 
 And ever by a pall of night the dark 341 
 Is thickened ; or returns from us the Dawn, 
 And takes them back the day ; and when 
 
 on us 
 The Sun at rising earliest hath breathed 
 With puffing coursers, purpling Eve lights 
 
 up 
 Tier backward fires. From this can we 
 
 forelearn 
 The weather in the changeful sky ; from this 
 Both harvest day and sowing tide, and when 
 The traitor face of sea with oars to force 
 Is fitting ; when to launch the furnished 
 
 fleets, 350 
 
 Or pine in season in the woods to fell. 
 
 Nor is it to no purpose that we watch 
 The settings and the risings of the signs. 
 And, even with its seasons four distinct. 
 The year. If e'er a chilly show'r confines 
 The farmer, many a labor, which would 
 
 needs 
 Be hurried over at a future hour 
 Beneath a sky unclouded, — to advance 
 Is giv'n. The ploughman forges to a point 
 His blunted ploughshare's churlish fang ; 
 
 he scoops 360 
 
 340. Te7nj>esth'us means " timeful," "timely," 
 "timous:" that is, "in the proper time," with a 
 tendency to the signification of " earlier than need 
 be." So intem-pestivits, intempestus, means " un- 
 timeful," " untimely," " timeless," with a tendency 
 to the signification of " earlier than ought to be." 
 Now it is plain, that intempesta here must have an 
 import different from those borne by the last three 
 terms. It would seem, then, that it takes its force 
 from the primitive meaning of " unbroken into 
 periods." The night is practically unbroken into 
 periods, when people cease to work, and retire to 
 rest : thus, intempesta 7tox comes to signify "dead 
 of night." Further, if they lie awake, or have to 
 keep watch during the hours of darkness, these 
 seem so long, that it is as zy there were no periods, 
 no end: hence the idea of "dreary." Either of 
 these terms would appear to satisfy the expression. 
 344. " But look ! the morn, in russet mantle clad, 
 
 Walks o'er the dew of yond' high eastern hill." 
 Shakespeare, Hajnlet, i. i. 
 " The blushing childhood of the cheerful morn 
 
 Is almost grown a youth, and over-climbs 
 
 Yonder gilt eastern hills." 
 
 Brewer, Lingua, i. 5. 
 
 Troughs from the tree ; or on his flock the 
 
 brand 
 Hath he enstamped, or tallies on his heaps. 
 Stakesothers point, orforks of double prong, 
 And ties Amerian for the limber vine 
 Prepare, Let now the pliant frail be plight 
 Of bramble twig ; now roast upon the fire 
 Thy grains, now bray them in the quern. 
 
 Nay e'en 
 On days of jubilee some tasks to ply 
 The law divine and human laws allow. 
 The rills to drain no scruple hath forbid ; 370 
 Before the corn to stretch a fence ; for birds 
 To plan an ambush ; thorns to fire ; and 
 
 plunge 
 The flock of bleaters in the wholesome flood. 
 Ofttimes the plodding ass's ribs with oil. 
 Or with cheap apples, doth its driver lade. 
 And, trudging back, a dented stone, or lump 
 Of jetty pitch, he brings him home from 
 
 town. 
 The Moon herself hath granted various 
 
 days 
 In various rank, auspicious to your toils. 
 The fifth do thou avoid : [upon that day] 3S0 
 Were ghastly Orcus and the Furies born ; 
 Then Terra in an execrable birth 
 Both Cseus and lapetus brings forth, 
 And fell Typhoeus, and the brotherhood, 
 Banded by oath to tear the heavens down. 
 They thrice attempted Ossa to implant 
 On Pelion ; aye, on Ossa, too, to roll 
 Leaf-fraught Olympus ; thrice the up-piled 
 
 mounts 
 The Father laid in ruins with his bolt. 
 The seventh, [coming] next upon the tenth, 
 
 362. Or, perhaps : "sacks." 
 
 367. If "quern" be thought a little too free a 
 version of saxo, a dull substitute is easily found, 
 without damage to the rhythm. 
 380. " A wicked day, and not a holy day : . . . 
 Nay, rather, turn this day out of the week ; 
 This day of shame, oppression, perjury: 
 Or, if it must stand still, let wives with child 
 Pray that their burdens may not fall this day, 
 Lest that their hopes prodigiously be cross'd : 
 But on this day let seamen fear no wreck ; 
 No bargains break that are not this day made : 
 This day, all things begun come to ill end ; 
 Yea, faith itself to hollow falsehood change." 
 Shakespeare, King Joh?i, iii. i. 
 
 381. To quote Milton on the .subject of the evil 
 angels would be trite, as his sublime descriptions 
 are familiar to every one ; but his great predecessor 
 says finely : 
 
 " Th' Almighty, seeing their so bold assay. 
 Kindled the flame of His consuming yre. 
 And with His onely breath them blew away 
 From heavens bight, to which they did aspyre, 
 To deepest hell and lake of damned fyre. 
 Where they in darkness and dread horror dwell, 
 Hating the happi« light from which they fell." 
 Spenser, Hytnne of Heavctly Love, 85. 
 
V. s84 — 308. 
 
 BOOK L 
 
 y. 308 — 329. 
 
 35 
 
 Auspicious is, as well to plant the vine, 391 
 As captured beeves to tame, and to attach 
 The leashes to the warp; the ninth for flight 
 More favorable, enemy to thefts. 
 
 Sooth many [tasks] have 'neath the chilly 
 night 
 Presented them more fitly, or what time, — 
 The Sun new [-ris'n],— the lands is Lucifer 
 Bedewing. In the night the stubbles light 
 More fitly, in the night dry meads are mown; 
 The ropy moisture faileth not the nights, 400 
 E'en one there is, who by the lasting fires 
 Of winter light keeps up his watch, and 
 
 points 
 His torches with the sharpened steel. Mean- 
 while, 
 Her tedious travail cheering with a song. 
 With shrilly reed his partner threads the 
 
 warp ; 
 Or through [the aid of] Vulcan simmers 
 
 down 
 The liquor of the nectared must, and skims 
 With leaves the palpitating cauldron's wave. 
 
 But ruddy Ceres in the midst of heat 
 Is cut, and in the midst of heat the floor 410 
 The [sun-] dried harvest bruises. Robeless 
 
 plough, 
 Sow robeless. Winter to the husbandman 
 Is idle [time]. In frosts the farmers chief 
 Their store enjoy, and, blithe among them- 
 selves. 
 Reciprocal carousals make their care : 
 Lures jolly winter, and unbinds their woes. 
 As when the heavy-freighted vessels now 
 Have touched the haven, and upon the sterns 
 The happy sailors ranged their wreaths. But 
 
 still 
 Both oaken mast 'tis then the time to strip. 
 And berries of the bay, and olive, too, 421 
 And blood-red myrtle-fruits ; then gins for 
 
 cranes, 
 And toils for harts to set, and long-eared 
 hares 
 
 394. " He works by glow-worm light ; the moon's 
 too open."j Ben Jonson, Ti/ne Vindicated. 
 
 409. ". Have we been tilling, sowing, labouring, 
 With pain and charge, a long and tedious winter. 
 And when we see the corn above the ground. 
 Youthful as is the morn, and the full ear, 
 That promises to stuff our spacious garners. 
 Shall we then let it rot, and never reap it ?" 
 
 J. Fletcher, The Noble Gentleman, ii. i. 
 
 423. " Yet if for silvan sports thy bosom glow. 
 Let thy fleet greyhound urge his flying foe. . . . 
 He snaps deceitful air with empty jaws. 
 The subtle hare darts swift beneath his paws : 
 She flies, he stretches : now with nimble bound 
 Eager he presses on, but overshoots the ground : 
 She turns, he winds, and soon regains the way, 
 Then tears with gory mouth the screaming prey." 
 
 Gay, Rural Sports, iu 289. 
 See also Somervillc, The Chase, b. ii. 
 
 To course ; 'tis then [for him] the fallow- 
 deer 
 To pierce, who whirls around the hempen 
 
 thongs 
 Of Balearic sling, when deep the snow 
 Is lying, when the floods drive down the ice^ 
 Why should I sing of Autumn's storms 
 
 and stars ? 
 Aye, and, when now both shorter is the day. 
 And gentler is the heat, what watchful arts 
 Must be employed by men ; or when down 
 
 falls 431 
 
 Spring rife in rain, now when hath on the 
 
 plains 
 The bearded harvest bristled up, and when 
 The milky grains upon their stalk of green 
 Are swelling? PVequently have I, what 
 
 time 
 Upon his golden fields the husbandman 
 Would introduce the sickler, and would now 
 Reap off his barleys with their bitter haulm, 
 The battles of the winds all clashing seen. 
 Which far and near the burdened standing 
 
 corn 440 
 
 Would, from their deepest roots shot forth 
 
 aloft, 
 Upwrench : — so in some pitchy hurricane 
 Would winter carry off both airy straw 
 And stubbles on the wing. Oft, too, there 
 
 swoops 
 A boundless host of waters from the sky. 
 And, mustered from the height [of heav'n], 
 
 the clouds 
 A grim tornado coil with sable showers ; 
 The lofty firmament comes sluicing down, 
 And with stupendous rain the merry crops 
 And travails of the oxen washes off ; 450 
 The dykes are brimmed, and hollow rivers 
 
 swell 
 With roaring, and with panting waters 
 
 seethes 
 The ocean-plain. The Sire himself, amidst 
 A night of clouds, with gleaming right haml 
 
 hurls 
 His levin-fires, at which commotion qiiakes 
 
 435. There is a fine description of a storm by 
 Milton, P. R.'w.: 
 
 " And either tropic now 
 'Gan thunder, and both ends of neaven : the cloudy 
 From many a horrid rift, abortive pour'd. 
 Fierce rain with lightning mix'd, water with fire 
 In txi'in reconciled : nor slept the winds 
 Within their stony caves, but nish'd abroad 
 From the four hinges of the world, and fell 
 On the vex'd wilderness, whose tallest pines. 
 Though rooted deep as high, and sturdiest oaks 
 Bow'd their stiff necks, loadcn with stonny blasts. 
 Or torn up sheer." 
 
 Thomson also {Autumn, 311-543) finely imitates 
 this and other of Virgil's descripuo^s of storms. He 
 has many other successful passages on the like sub- 
 ject: sec Summer, tioyii6^ 
 ' D 2 
 
36 
 
 V. 330—356. 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V. 357—368. 
 
 The vasty earth ; wild beasts have fled away, 
 And through the nations crouching dread 
 
 dismayed 
 The hearts of men. He with his blazing bolt 
 Or felleth Athos down, or Rhodope, 
 Or the Ceraunian heights ; the southern 
 
 blasts 460 
 
 Redouble and the thickest rain ; now woods. 
 Now shores, beneath the mighty tempest 
 
 wail. 
 In dread of this, the months and stars of 
 
 heaven 
 Watch thou : whereto may Saturn's chilly 
 
 star 
 Withdraw him ; to what circuits through 
 
 the sky 
 The fire Cyllenian strays. In special wise 
 Adore the gods, and yearly rites repeat 
 To mighty Ceres, on the merry turf 
 Performing, just at latest winter's fall, 
 Now in the cloudless spring. Then fat are 
 
 lambs, 470 
 
 And then most mellow wines ; then slum- 
 bers sweet. 
 And thick upon the mounts the shades. 
 
 For thee 
 Let worship Ceres all the rural youth, 
 For whom do thou thy honeycombs with 
 
 milk 
 And Bacchus mild dilute ; and thrice around 
 The infant produce let the victim pass 
 Auspicious, which let all thy choir and mates 
 Escort in glee, and Ceres with a shout 
 Woo to their homesteads. Nor let any first 
 The sickle lay beneath his ripened ears, 480 
 Before to Ceres, with the twisted oak 
 Encircled on his temples, he presents 
 Ungainly gambols, and his carols sings. 
 And these that we may have it in our 
 
 power 
 By symptoms sure to learn, the Sire himself 
 Hath fixed what warning should the monthly 
 
 Moon 
 Afford ; with what foretoken should subside 
 The southern blasts ; what viewing many a 
 
 time. 
 The husbandmen the nearer to the sheds 
 Their cattle might confine. Forthwith, 
 
 when winds 490 
 
 Are rising, either ocean's friths begin 
 
 457. Some say that -^?<wz7/j/rt:z/<7r implies a feel- 
 ing of cowardice ; if so, it should be rendered by 
 "base alarm." But would not this weaken the 
 poet's meaning ? If the fear were unwarrantable, 
 it would detract from the greatness of the display. 
 
 484. See this fine passage finely imitated by 
 Thomson, Winter^ 11 8- 147. 
 491. " A boding stillness reigns 
 
 Dread through the dun expanse, save the dull 
 
 sound 
 "That from the mountain, previous to the storm 
 
 Betossed to swell, and on the lofty mounts 
 Diy crashing to be heard ; or, booming 
 
 far. 
 The shores to be in turmoil, and the growl 
 Of >yoods to freshen. Even then the surge 
 Can ill refrain itself from bending keels, 
 When from mid ocean fleet wing home 
 
 their way 
 The divers, and a screaming waft to shore, 
 And when sea-coots upon diy land disport, 
 And fens well known the heron quits, and 
 
 soars 500 
 
 Above the lofty cloud. Oft, too, the stars, 
 When wind is hanging over, thou wilt. see 
 Glide headlong from the sky, and through 
 
 the shade 
 Of night long trains of blazes in the rear 
 Gleam white : oft airy chaff and fallen 
 
 leaves 
 A-flutt'ring, or upon the water's face 
 
 Rolls o'er the muttering earth, disturbs the flood. 
 And shakes the forest-leaf without a breath." 
 
 Slimmer, 1116. 
 Does Virgil anywhere, in his descriptions of a 
 gale of wind, introduce this sublime element of 
 stillness ? Dryden is a little too bold : 
 *' Thus when black clouds draw down the labouring 
 skies. 
 Ere yet abroad the winged thunder flies, 
 An horrid stillness first invades the ear, 
 And in that silence we the tempest fear." 
 
 Astrcea Redux, 5-8. 
 *' We often see, against some storm, 
 A silence in the heavens, the rack stand still. 
 The bold winds speechless, and the orb below 
 As hush as death, anon the dreadful thunder 
 Doth rend the region." 
 
 Shakespeare, Hamlet, ii. 2. 
 It is doubtful whether freta here means more 
 than "waters:" which secondary meaning, if it be 
 insisted on, may be adopted by substituting " floods" 
 for "friths" in the translation. However, as a 
 general rule, it is safer, where there is no strong 
 reason to the contrary, to take a word in its primary 
 rather than in a derived signification. See v. 386. 
 The poet probably alludes here to what is techni- 
 cally called the " swell" of the sea, which, it is well 
 known, often reaches a lee-shore in advance of 
 the wind which has raised it. This phenomenon 
 Shakespeare seems to have had in view in R ichard 
 III., ii. 3 : 
 
 " By a divine instinct men's minds mistrust 
 Ensuing danger ; as, by proof, we see 
 The water swell before a boist'rous storm." 
 
 498. One cannot pretend always to render cor- 
 rectly the terms which stand for birds, any more 
 than those which mean plants or colours. All the 
 translators here render inergi by " cormorants ;" 
 but it is uncertain that this is the import of the 
 word, though it doubtless means " divers " of some 
 sort or other. Ruaeus, who is particular in such 
 matters, says that it means the bird so called. 
 However, if the common rendering is insisted on, 
 there seems to be no means of proving it wrong ; 
 and so the line may be read : 
 The cormorants, and waft their scream to shore. 
 506. The poet does not mean to imply by impru- 
 
▼. 369—388. 
 
 BOOK I. 
 
 y. 389 — 401. 
 
 37 
 
 The swimming feathers in a frolic join. 
 Hut from the quarter of the grisly North 
 What time it lightens, and what time the 
 
 dome 
 Alike of East and West is thund'ring, all 
 With brimming dykes the rural regions 
 
 swim, S'^^ 
 
 And every seaman on the ocean furls 
 His dripping canvas. Never storm of rain 
 To inadvertent [swains] hath proved of 
 
 harm : 
 Or, at its rising, in the valley-depths 
 Therefrom the skyish cranes have fled 
 
 away ; 
 Or heifer, as she gazes up to heaven. 
 With widely-spreading nostrils snuffed the 
 
 gales ; 
 Or twitt'ring swallow flitted round the 
 
 meres, 
 And frogs in ooze croaked forth their old 
 
 complaint. 520 
 
 The oftener, too, from out her inner cells. 
 Fretting a narrow path, the ant her eggs 
 Hath carried : and the giant bow hath 
 
 drunk ; 
 And, from their feed withdrawing in a train 
 Immense, the host of rooks with serried 
 
 wings 
 Hath whizzed. Now divers ocean-birds, 
 
 and those. 
 Which rummage round the Asian meads, 
 
 among 
 Sweet plashes of Cayster, may you see 
 In rivalry upon their shoulders shed 
 The plenteous dews, now run upon the waves, 
 And joy with zeal of washing all in vain. 531 
 Then with full voice the saucy crow invokes 
 
 dentibus that rain cannot damage those who do not 
 foresee it ; for they are just the persons to be 
 damaged ; — but, that the signs of it are so plain, 
 that, popularly speaking, no one can be said to be 
 "inadvertent," who thus, popularly, having no 
 existence, cannot be damaged. 
 
 526. Weise, and most other editors, if not all but 
 Wagner and Forbiger, have varias, a much better 
 reading than varUe. 
 
 532. " Saucy," either from the impudence of her 
 demeanour, or the impertinence of her act ; for 
 what business has she to call for rain, when her 
 betters- would rather be without it ? 
 
 If this word of multifarious meaning, imfirobus, 
 (sec note on 1. 163,) be considered, with Ruseus, to 
 have the force of importtinus here, the line will run 
 thus: 
 
 Then with full voice the crow invokes the rain, 
 
 Importunate, and lonely by herself. 
 
 In the first edition of this work the passage 
 appeared thus : 
 
 Then doth the saucy crow with husky voice, 
 
 The rain invoke, and on the thirsty sand 
 
 [AllJ solitary saunter by herself. 
 
 This noisiness before wet is attributed by Shake- 
 speare to a different bird. Rosalind, in bantering 
 
 The rain, and solitary, by herself. 
 She struts along upon the thirsty sand. 
 Nor even, as they card their nightly tasks, 
 Have maidens been unconscious of a storm, 
 When they within their blazing lamp of 
 
 earth 
 Should see the oil its sparkles sputter off. 
 And mould'ring mushroom-forms in clusten 
 
 rise. 
 Nor less, ensuing on a gush of rain, 540 
 Suns and clear open weather to foresee, 
 And learn by settled marks, shaltthou have 
 
 power. 
 For neither then their margin in the stars 
 Looks blunt, nor, debted to a brother's 
 
 beams. 
 The moon to rise, nor filmy flakes of wool 
 Throughout the welkin to be borne along. 
 Outspread not to the soft-warm sun their 
 
 wings 
 Upon the beach the halcyons, beloved 
 Of Thetis ; frowzy swine bethink ihem not 
 To toss about the bundles from their mouth, 
 Unloosened ; but the vapors rather seek 551 
 
 Orlando, says that she will be "more clamorous 
 than a parrot against rain." 
 
 As You Like It, iv. x. 
 
 The different effect that can be produced by an 
 alliteration of the letter " S " may be seen in Col- 
 lins' Ode to Evening : 
 " Now air is hush'd, save where the weak-eyed bat. 
 
 With short shrill shriek, flits by on leathern 
 wing." 
 
 But a softer combination appears immediately 
 after : 
 
 " May not unseemly with its stillness suit." 
 
 A more pointed effect than that in the Latin text 
 is produced by Pope, IVindsor Forest : 
 
 " She said, and melting as in tears she lay. 
 In a soft silver strain dissolved away." 
 
 Alliterations, when sparingly used, are at times 
 very effective. For instance, in Dryden's line, Coci 
 and the Fox, 411 : 
 
 " I fear not death, nor dangers, nor disgrace," 
 the sense would be just the same if "perils" were 
 substituted for " dangers ;" but few would say that 
 the change entailed no detriment. The same is 
 true of a preceding line, 406. Speaking of doctors. 
 Chanticleer says : 
 
 " Their tribe, trade, trinkets, I defy them all." 
 
 Shakespeare also: Two Gentlemen of Verona, 
 i. 3-: 
 " Sweet love, sweet lines, sweet life ! 
 
 Here is her hand, the agent of her heart." 
 
 Churchill, in his Propliecy of Famine, says : 
 
 " Who often, but without success, have pra>>cd 
 For apt alliteration's artful aid." 
 
 534. Or, " stalks." 
 544. " How she conveyed him softlv in a sleep. 
 His tcr.iples bound with poppy, to the steep 
 Head of old Latmus, where she stoops each night, 
 Gilding the mounuin with her brother's light, 
 To kiss her sweetest." {.The aUnsioH is to the 
 Moon and Endymion.'\ 
 
 J. Fletcher, Tht Faithful She^furdess, L 3. 
 
40I — 422. 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V. 422-439. 
 
 The lowest [grounds], and brood upon the 
 
 plain ; 
 And, sunset watching from a gable-top 
 To idle purpose plies the bird of night 
 Late hootings. Nisus looms in view, aloft 
 In limpid air, and for the purple lock 
 The forfeit Scylla pays. What way soe'er 
 She flying cleaves light ether with her wings, 
 Lo ! hostile, murderous, with mighty whirr. 
 Along the breezes Nisus hunts her close ; 
 Where Nisus to the breezes wafts him on. 
 She flying cleaves light ether with her 
 
 wings 5^2 
 
 In hurried snatches. Then their brilliant 
 
 notes 
 The rooks, with straitened throat, three 
 
 times or four. 
 Redouble ; oft, too, in their roosts on high, 
 I know not with what charm, past custom, 
 
 blithe. 
 Among themselves they rustle in the leaves. 
 It joys them, when the show'rs are chased 
 
 away, 
 Their tiny offspring, and their darling nests, 
 Again to visit : not, I sooth believe, 570 
 Because a god-born intellect is theirs, 
 Or deeper insight into things by fate ; 
 But when the storm, and shifting damp of 
 
 heaven, 
 Have changed their paths, and Jove, with 
 
 Austers dank. 
 Condenses what but now was rarefied, 
 And what was dense relaxes, altered be 
 The pictures of their spirits, and their 
 
 breasts 
 Now different emotions — different, 
 So long as wind was driving on the clouds — 
 Conceive : hence [springs] that symphony 
 
 of birds 5^*^ 
 
 554. In his magnificent description of the Cave of 
 Despair, Spenser finely introduces the owl : 
 " On top whereof ay dwelt the ghastly owle, 
 Shrieking his balefull note." 
 
 Faerie Qneene, i. 9, 33. 
 
 " And when the bleating lamb doth bid good night 
 Unto the closing day, then tears begin 
 To keep quick time unto the owl, whose voice 
 Shrieks like the belman in the lover's ears." 
 
 Middleton, Blurt, iii. i. 
 
 " It was the owl that shrieked, the fatal belman. 
 Which gives the stern'st good night." 
 
 Shakespeare, Macbeth, ii. 2. 
 
 571. Dry den appli 
 swallow : 
 
 the idea to the emigrating 
 
 ^ From hence she has been held of heavenly line, 
 Endued with particles of soul divine." 
 
 Hind attd Panther, ijz-j,?,. 
 
 580. " Therein the mery birdes of every sorte 
 Chaunted alowd their chearefull harmonee. 
 And made emongst themselves a sweete consort. 
 Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5, 31. 
 
 Throughout the fields, and cattle in delight, 
 And ravens croaking triumph from their 
 
 throats. 
 But if to the swift-speeding Sun, and 
 
 moons. 
 That follow in their cycle, thou shalt look. 
 Ne'er thee to-morrow's hour shall lead 
 
 astray. 
 Nor by the crafts of cloudless night shalt 
 
 thou 
 Be tricked. What time the Moon first 
 
 gathers in 
 Returning fires, if she shall have embraced 
 The sable ether with a darkling horn. 
 Immense for tillers, and the deep, will rain 
 Be brewing. But if she a maiden red 591 
 Have o'er hea: visage poured, there will be 
 
 wind : 
 At wind doth ever golden Phoebe flush. 
 But if at her fourth rise — for that [will 
 
 prove] 
 The most unerring counsellor — undimmed, 
 Nor with blunt horns, through heav'n shall 
 
 she career, 
 Both all that day, and those which shall 
 
 arise 
 Therefrom, to the completion of the month, 
 From rain and tempests will be free ; and 
 
 vows 
 The i-escued mariners upon the shore 600 
 Shall pay to Glaucus, and to Panope, 
 And Melicerta [of] Inoan [birth]. 
 
 The Sun, too, both as he is rising forth, 
 And when he hides him in the waves, 
 
 will sicjns 
 
 " Here is melody, 
 A charm of birds." 
 
 G. Peele, The Arraignment of Paris, i. i. 
 " With charm of earliest birds." 
 
 Milton, P. L. iv. 641. 
 " The warblers lively tunes essay. 
 The lark on wing, the linnet on the 'spray ; 
 While music trembles in their songful throats. 
 The bullfinch whistles soft his flute-like notes. 
 The bolder blackbird swells sonorous lays ; 
 The varying thrush commands a tuneful maze ; 
 Each a wild length of melody pursues ; 
 While the soft-murmuring, amorous wood-dove 
 
 cooes ; 
 And when in spring these melting mixtures flow. 
 The cuckoo sends her unison of woe." 
 
 Savage, Watiderer, c. 5. 
 582. Corvus seems properly to mean the " raven;" 
 but in V. 382 it most certainly stands for the " rook," 
 which probably is its signification in v. 410. Here 
 it may represent the same bird ; in which case the 
 line should run : 
 And rooks a triumph cawing from their throat. 
 604. Gay thus beautifully describes the sun set- 
 ting in the sea : 
 
 " Engag'd in thought, to Neptune's bounds I stray. 
 To take my farewell of the parting day. 
 Far in the deep the sun his glory hides, 
 A streak of gold the sea and sky divides ; 
 
V. 439—459. 
 
 BOOK I. V. 460— 471. 39 
 
 By showers, and with bright'ning Aquilo 
 Thou shah behold the forests waved. In 
 
 fine, 
 What evening late may bring, wherefrom 
 
 the wind 
 May chase the calmy clouds, what Auster 
 
 dank 
 May hatch, the Sun to thee will signs afford. 
 The Sun to call a traitor who may dare ? 
 He e'en that dark convulsions are at hand 
 Oft gives us warning, and that treachery 
 And shrouded wars begin to swell. He 
 
 e'en 642 
 
 [When] Caesar ['s light was] quenched com- 
 
 passioned Rome, 
 What time his lustrous head he curtained 
 
 o'er 
 With rusted iron's darkling hue, and feared 
 Ungodly ages everlasting night. 
 Though at that hour e'en earth, and ocean- 
 plains. 
 And dogs ill-omened, and ill-boding birds, 
 Afforded presages. How oft we saw, 
 
 643. Shakespeare thus finely describes the death 
 of Caesar, J. C. iii. 2 : 
 " For when the noble Caesar saw him stab. 
 Ingratitude, more strong than traitor's arms. 
 Quite vanquish'd him: then burst his mighty 
 
 heart ; 
 And, in his mantle muffling up hLs face. 
 Even at the base of Pompey's statue. 
 Which all the while ran blood, great Caesar fell. 
 Oh ! what a fall was there, my countrymen !" 
 " But sneaking Brutus, 
 Whom none but cowards and white-livered knaves. 
 Would dare commend, lagging behind his fellows. 
 His dagger in his bosom, stabbed his father." 
 
 Dryden, The Duke 0/ Guise, ii. i. 
 645. " So, when the sun in bed, 
 
 Curtain'd with cloudy red. 
 Pillows his chin upon an orient wave." 
 
 Milton, Ode on Nativity, 26. 
 " 'Twas such a night involv'd thy towers, O Runje, 
 The dire presage of mighty Ca;sar's doom. 
 When the sun veil'd in rust his mourning head. 
 And frightful prodigies the skies o'erspread." 
 
 Gay, Trivia, iii. 377. 
 648. Is attention to gender to be insisted on, in 
 spite of the claims of refinement ? 
 
 64Q. Like those that Shakespeare makes presage 
 the death of Duncan : 
 
 " The night has been unruly. Where we lay 
 Our chimneys were blown down, and, as they 
 
 say, 
 Lamentings heard i' the air : strange screan«s of 
 
 death ; 
 And prophesying, with accents terrible, 
 Of dire combustion, and confus'd events 
 New hatch'd to the woeful time. The obscure 
 
 bird 
 Clamour'd the livelong night ; some say the earth 
 Was feverous and did shake." MachetA, ii. 3 
 And more directly of Czsar's death itself, Casra 
 says, y. C. i. 3 : 
 
 " O Cicero, 
 I have seen tempests, when the scolding winds 
 Have riv'd the knotty oaks ; and I have seen 
 
 Afford : the sun the surest signs attend, 
 Both those which in the morning he re- 
 stores. 
 And those which at the rising of the stars. 
 When he with blotches shall have chequered 
 
 o'er 
 His infant dawning, buried in a cloud, 
 And from his central disk shall have re- 
 recoiled, 610 
 Be show'rs mistrusted by thee ; for there 
 
 swoops 
 From [heav'n] on high a southern blast, 
 
 alike 
 To trees, and crops, and cattle, fraught with 
 
 woe. 
 Or when towards dawn among the huddled 
 
 clouds 
 His scatt'ring beams shall shoot them 
 
 forth, or when 
 Aurora wan shall rise, the saffron couch 
 Of Tithon leaving — welavvay ! — ill then 
 The vine-leaf shall bescreen the mellow 
 
 grapes. 
 In such profusion, patt'ring on the roofs. 
 Leaps bristling hail. This, too, what time 
 he now 620 
 
 Departs from spanned Olympus, 'twill be- 
 stead 
 The more to bear in mind. For oft we see 
 Upon his visage straying fitful hues : 
 The dun speaks rain, the fiery, eastern gales. 
 But if the blotches with a crimson glare 
 Shall 'gin to be commixed, all [nature] 
 
 then 
 Alike with storm and torrents thou shalt 
 
 view 
 In ferment. Let not any in that night 
 Encourage me to voyage through the deep. 
 Nor wrest away my cable from the land. 
 But if when he shall both restore the day, 
 And bury it restored, all-bright his disk 632 
 Shall prove, thou needlessly wilt be ap- 
 palled 
 
 The purple clouds their amber linings show, 
 And edg'd with flames rolls every wave below ; 
 Here pensive I behold the fading light, 
 And o'er the distant billow lose my sight." 
 
 Rural sports, i. 99-106. 
 612. So Shakespeare, Venus and Adonis : 
 
 " Like a red moon, that ever yet betokcn'd 
 Wreck to the seaman, tempest to the field. 
 Sorrow to shepherds, woe unto the birds. 
 Gusts and foul flaws to herdsmen and to herds." 
 
 616. " Oh, lend me all thy red. 
 
 Thou shame-faced Morning, when from Tithon's 
 
 bed 
 Thou risest ever-maiden !" 
 
 J. Fletcher, The Faithful Shepherdess, i. 3. 
 
 " Is not yon gleame, the shuddering morne that 
 flakes, 
 With silver tinctur, the east vierge of heaven V 
 Marston, Antonio and MeUida, ist P., iiL 
 
40 
 
 V. 471—487. 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V. 487—495. 
 
 Forth surging from her bursten furnaces, ! 
 ^tna boil over on the Cyclops' fields, 651 | 
 And roll her balls of flames and molten I 
 
 rocks ! j 
 
 The din of weapons through the breadth of | 
 
 heaven • j 
 
 Germania heard ; Alps thrilled with wont- ! 
 
 less quakes. ! 
 
 A voice was also heard by all the world j 
 Throughout the stilly groves — a mighty 1 
 
 [voice] — 
 And spectres wan in wond'rous shapes were 
 
 seen j 
 
 Towards dusk of night ; the brutes, too, 
 
 uttered speech ; 
 Accursed thought ! the rivers pause, and \ 
 
 lands 
 Yawn wide ; and iv'ry, struck with grief, 
 Weeps o'er the fanes, and bronzes sweat 
 
 distil. 661 
 
 Whirling them round within his frantic gulf, 
 The monarch of the floods, Eridanus, 
 Washed off the forests, and through all the 
 
 plains 
 The cattle with their cotes he swept away. 
 Nor, at the selfsame hour, or did the veins 
 In dismal entrails threatful cease to look, 
 Or from the wells the stream of blood to 
 
 flow. 
 And stately towns to echo through the night 
 With howling wolves. At no time else 
 
 there fell 670 
 
 The ambitious ocean swell, and rage, and foam, 
 
 To be exalted with the threatening clouds : 
 
 But never till to-night, never till now, 
 
 Did I go through a tempest dropping fire. 
 
 Either there is a civil strife in heaven. 
 
 Or else the world, too saucy with the gods. 
 
 Incenses them to send destruction." 
 
 " In the most high and palm)' state of Rome, 
 A little ere the mightiest Julius fell. 
 The graves stood tenantless, and the sheeted dead 
 Did squeal and gibber in the Roman streets. 
 As, stars with train of fire and dews of blood, 
 Disasters in the sun ; and the moist star. 
 Upon whose influence Neptune's empire stands. 
 Was sick almost to doomsday with eclipse." 
 
 Hamlet, i. i. 
 
 " Why all this noise because a king must die? 
 Or does heaven fear because he swayed the earth. 
 His ghost will war with the high Thunderer? 
 Curse on the babbling fates, that cannot see 
 A great man tumble, but they must be talking !" 
 Lee, Rival Queens, ii. 1. 
 
 660. Illacrhno usually signifies to " weep for, or 
 over " a thing. If this meaning, which is adopted 
 in the translation, be accepted, the import of the 
 passage will be, — that the statues of the gods were 
 alarmed for the safety of the temples and of religion, 
 and so wept at the sad prospect of what might 
 happen : those of ivory weep, those of bronze per- 
 spire, with the agitation of grief. This is the more 
 beautiful view, though not therefore necessarily 
 the right one : yet tncestum seems to render it 
 imperative. 
 
 More levin-flashes from a cloudless sky, 
 Nor have so oft disastrous comets blazed. 
 Therefore a second time Philippi saw 
 Rome's marshalled lines in mutual fight 
 
 engage, 
 With balanced arms ; nor was it [deemed] 
 
 unmeet 
 By gods above that twice with blood ot 
 
 ours 
 Emathia fat should wax, and spacious 
 
 plains 
 Of Haemus. Aye, in sooth, the time will 
 
 come, 
 When in those bourns the husbandman, as 
 
 he 
 The ground is working with his bended 
 
 plough, 680 
 
 On javelms, gnawed away with rugged rust, 
 
 672. " Woe to the hand that shed this costly blood ! 
 Over thy wounds now do I prophesy, — 
 Which, like dumb mouths, do ope their ruby lips, 
 To beg the voice and utterance of my tongue ; — 
 A curse shall light upon the limbs of men ; 
 Domestic fury, and herce civil strife, 
 Shall cumber all the parts of Italy ; 
 Blood and destruction shall be so in use, 
 And dreadful objects so familiar. 
 That mothers shall but smile when they behold 
 Their infants quarter'd with the hands of war ; 
 All pity chok'd with custom of fell deeds : 
 And Csesar's spirit, ranging for revenge. 
 With Ate by his side, cume hot from hell. 
 Shall in these confmes, with a monarch's voice. 
 Cry, " Havock !" and let slip the dogs of war ; 
 That this foul deed shall smell above the earth, 
 With carrion men groaning for burial." 
 Mark A ntony's Soliloquy over Caesar's Corpse : 
 
 J. C. iii. I. 
 
 " O thou soft natural death, thou art joint twin 
 To sweetest slumber ! No rough-bearded comet 
 Stares on thy mild departure ; the dull owl 
 Beats not against thy casement ; the hoarse wolf 
 Scents not thy carrion : pity winds thy corse. 
 Whilst horror waits on princes." 
 
 Webster, Vittoria Corombond, v. 1. 
 
 674. " The jars of brothers, two such mighty ones, 
 
 Are like a small stone thrown into a river. 
 
 The breach scarce heard; but view the beaten 
 
 current. 
 And you shall see a thousand angry rings 
 Rise in his face, still swelling and still growing." 
 J. Fletcher, The Bloody Brother, ii. i. 
 
 680. Perhaps it may be necessary to remark on 
 inolitHs, V. 494, that it has been rendered " work- 
 ing," although a past participle. This proceeds 
 upon the assumption that Virgil here has followed 
 the principle, so common with the poets, of using 
 the past participle of deponent verbs in a present 
 sense, though they have a participle present. The 
 reason of the license may be seen in Wagner, Quas. 
 Virg. xxix. 3. In the present instance it is plain 
 that it is during the act of working the earth that 
 the ploughman makes his strange discovery. For- 
 biger, indeed, observes that, strictly speaking, it is 
 after the operation that the wonder appears ; but 
 perhaps it is truer to say that the operation and the 
 wonder are contemporaneous. The past sense would 
 seem to separate the one from the other by too wide 
 an interval. 
 
V. 496—505. 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
 ▼. 505—514. 
 
 4« 
 
 Shall light, or with his weighty harrows I 
 
 strike I 
 
 On helmets empty, and gigantic bones 
 BehoUl with wonder in their graves un- 
 earthed. 
 Gods of my ancestors ! my country's gods I 
 And Romulus, and matron Vesta, who 
 The Tuscan Tiber, and Palatial heights 
 Of Roma dost protect, this youth, at least, 
 P'orbid ye not to help a ruined age ! 
 Enough now long time past by blood of 
 ours O90 
 
 Laomedontian Troja's broken oaths 
 We've. expiated. Now this long time past 
 Heav'n's royal court begrudges thee to us, 
 O Caesar, and complains of thy concern 
 For triumphs of [a world] of men, as where 
 Reversed are right and wrong ; so many 
 wars 
 
 683. The same wonder is excited, according to 
 Collins, by an opposite cause. Speaking of one of 
 the Hebrides, he says : 
 
 " To that hoar pile, which still its ruins shows : 
 In whose small vaults a^pigmy folk is found, 
 
 Whose bones the delver with his spade up- 
 throws, 
 And culls them, wondering, from the hallowed 
 ground." 
 
 Ode on the Superstitions of the Highlattds. 
 692. Dryden makes the tears of England equally 
 effective in a graver case : 
 
 " So tears of joy, for your returning spilt, 
 Work out and expiate our former guilt." 
 
 Astrcea Redux, 274, 5. 
 696. " We shall have other liberal sciences 
 Taught us too soon : lying and flattering, 
 Those are the studies now ; and murder shortly 
 I know will be humanity." 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Cupid's Revenge, iii. 3. 
 
 Throughout the globe ; so many shapes of 
 
 crimes ; 
 Not any worthy homage to the plough ; 
 The fields lie waste, the tillers draft^ off, 
 And bending sickles into yieldless sword [s] 
 Are forged. Euphrates here, Germania 
 
 there, 701 
 
 Is rousing war ; the leagues between them 
 
 burst, 
 The cities that are neighbors bear their 
 
 arms ; 
 Ungodly Mars fumes all throughout the 
 
 globe : — 
 As when from forth the barriers four-horse 
 
 cars 
 Have flung them, on the courses do they 
 
 spring, 
 And, idly straining thongs, the charioteer 
 Is hurried by his steeds, nor heeds the car 
 
 the reins. 
 
 " So our most just decrees, 
 Dead to infliction, to themselves are dead. 
 And liberty plucks justice by the nose ; 
 The baby beats the nurse, and quite athwart 
 Goes all decorum." 
 
 Shakespeare, Measure /or Measure, i. 4. 
 
 699. Pope finely describes the evils of tyranny : 
 'The fields are ravish'd from the industrious 
 swains, 
 Froni men their cities, and from gods their 
 
 fanes : 
 The levelled towns with weeds lie covered o'er ; 
 The hollow winds through naked temples roar : 
 Round broken columns clasping ivy twined ; 
 O'er heaps of ruin stalk'd the stately hind ; 
 The fox obscene to gaping tombs retires, 
 And savage bowlings fill the sacred quires." 
 
 Windsor Forest. 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
 Thus far the tilth of fields and stars of 
 
 heaven : 
 Now thee, O Bacchus, will I chant, and e'en 
 Along with thee the saplings of the wood. 
 And brood of olive, of a lazy growth. 
 Hither, O thou Lenaean father— here 
 Are all things with thy bounties full ; for 
 
 thee 
 With vine-leafed Autumn laden, blooms the 
 
 field. 
 Froths up the vintage with its brimming vats ; 
 Hither, O thou Lenaean father, come. 
 And thy uncovered legs, their buskins 
 
 doffed, 10 
 
 In must new [-made] along with me distain. 
 
 In the first place, in giving birth to trees 
 
 Diversified is Nature ['s plan]. For some. 
 
 No sons of men compelling, of themselves. 
 
 Of their unfettered will, appear, and plains. 
 And winding rivers, far and wide possess ; 
 As downy osier, and elastic brooms, 
 Poplar, and groves of willow, silv'ring o'er 
 With blue-gray leaf. But some from 
 
 planted seed 
 Arise, as stately chestnuts, and [the tree,] 20 
 Which leafs for Jove the chiefest of the 
 
 woods, 
 The i*:sculus; and, counted oracles by 
 
 Greeks, 
 
 Litu 21. Or, " Monarch," or " Giant." 
 22. Dryden takes an ingenious advantage of the 
 i legend in his Papugyrick of Charles J I., 129: 
 ! " Thus, from your royal oak, like Jove's of old, 
 I Arc answers sought, and destinies foretold : 
 
 Propitious oracles arc bcgg'd with vows, 
 I And crowns that grow upon the sacred boughs." 
 
42 
 
 V. 16—34. 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V. 35—54. 
 
 The oaks. Sprouts up in others from the 
 
 root 
 The closest thicket, as in cherry-trees, 
 And elms : aye, even the Parnasian bay, 
 An infant 'neath a mother's vasty shade, 
 Uprears itself. These methods Nature first 
 Vouchsafed ; by these springs verdant every 
 
 race 
 Of forests, and of shrubs, and holy groves. 
 Others there are, the which along its 
 
 path 30 
 
 Mere practice hath discovered for itself. 
 One, — suckers from the mothers' tender 
 
 frame 
 Dissund'ring, hath in furrovi^s laid them 
 
 down ; 
 Another — plunges settings in the field, 
 And four-cleft stakes, and poles with pointed 
 
 wood; 
 And of the [members of the] forest some 
 The lowered arches of the layer wait. 
 And nurseries alive in soil their own. 
 No root need others, and the topmost shoot 
 The pruner scruples not to earth to trust, 40 
 Restoring it. Nay e'en, when cut the 
 
 trunks — 
 A mai-vel to be told ! — there is a root 
 Of olive thrust from out the sapless wood. 
 And many a time the branches of one [tree] 
 Undamaged to another's see we turn ; — 
 And, changed, the pear engrafted apples 
 
 yield. 
 And stony cornels blush upon the plums. 
 
 32. In V. 23 Manso reads teneras instead of 
 tenero, on slender manuscript authority. Virgil 
 perhaps consulted the sound somewhat to the pre- 
 judice of the sense, thinking that the ear would be 
 more offended by the close proximity of such de- 
 finite syllables as as, than the mind would be by 
 the transference of tenderness from the offspring to 
 the mother. Perhaps, too, he thought that the 
 unmerciful tearing of suckers from her frame might 
 reduce her to a condition which, in poetry at least, 
 might warrant the soft epithet. 
 
 47. It seems much better to render v. 34 thus, 
 rather than according to the other view, which 
 would compel a change to 
 
 And stony cornels purple o'er with plums. 
 For, ist. It makes coma the tree instead of the 
 fruit, which ought not to be done except in case of 
 necessity. 2nd. It is far-fetched to call any tree 
 lapidosa, however suitable the term may be to its 
 produce. The objection to the other view is, that 
 no one would think of engrafting an inferior fruit, 
 like the cornelian cherry, on its superior, the plum. 
 But to this it may be answered, that the matter is 
 one of taste. Some people might prefer cornels to 
 plums, especially to bad plums, which the Romans 
 doubtless had as well as ourselves. 
 
 Cowley has a graceful passage upon the subject 
 itself: 
 
 " We nowhere Art do so triumphant see. 
 As when it grafts or buds the tree : 
 
 In other things we count it to excel. 
 
 If it a docile scholar can appear 
 
 To Nature, and but imitate her well ; 
 
 Wherefore arise ! O learn their special 
 tilths, 
 According to their kind, ye husbandmen, 
 And their wild fruits by culture soften 
 down ; 50 
 
 Nor let your lands lie idle, 'Tis a joy 
 The heights of Ismarus with Bacchus thick 
 To plant, and with the olive to array 
 The great Taburnus. And be thou at hand, 
 And launch with me upon our task com- 
 menced, 
 
 [thou] our pride ! O justly of our fame 
 The noblest share, — Maecenas ! and on wing 
 Vouchsafe the canvas to the opening sea. 
 
 1 list not every [subject] in my lays 
 
 To compass, no, not even though I had 60 
 A hundred tongues, and hundred mouths, 
 
 a voice 
 Of iron : — be at hand, and coast along 
 The margin of the nearest shore : the lands 
 [Are lying] within grasp. I will not here 
 With fabled verse, and thro' digressive 
 
 rounds 
 And prefaces protracted thee detain. 
 
 [The trees,] which lift them of their free 
 
 accord 
 Up to the climes of light, unfruitful sooth. 
 But blithe and brave, arise ; because there 
 
 lives. 
 In secret in the soil, conceptive power. 70 
 Still these, too, if should any graft, or trust, 
 Transferred, to trenches deeply worked, 
 
 will doff 
 Their savage nature, and by constant tilth, 
 To whatsoe'er expedients you invite, 
 Not slow will follow. Yea moreo'er, the 
 
 stem, 
 Which barren issues from the lowest roots. 
 Will do the same, if it be ranged apart 
 
 It overrules, and is her master, here. 
 It imitates her Maker's power divine, 
 And changes her sometimes, and sometimes does 
 
 refine : 
 It does, like grace, the fallen tree restore 
 To its bless'd state of Paradise before : 
 Who would not joy to see his conquering hand 
 O'er all the vegetable world command ? 
 And the wild giants of the wood receive 
 
 What law he's pleased to give ? 
 He bids th' ill-natured crab produce 
 The gentler apple's winy juice ; 
 
 The golden fruit, that worthy is 
 Of Galatea's purple kiss : 
 He does the savage hawthorn teach 
 To bear the medlar and the pear : 
 He bids the rustic plum to rear 
 A noble trunk, and be a peach. 
 Even Daphne's coyness he does mock. 
 And weds the cherry to her stock. 
 Though she refused Apollo's suit ; 
 Even she, that chaste and virgin tree. 
 Now wonders at herself, to see 
 That she's a mother made, and blushes in her fruit." 
 The Gardeii. 
 
V. 54—73. 
 
 BOOK II, 
 
 V. 73—94. 
 
 43 
 
 Through fields unplanted: now the lofty 
 
 leaves 
 And branches of the mother shade it o'er, 
 And rob it, growing, of its fructive powers. 
 And parch it when it bears. Again, the 
 
 tree, 81 
 
 Which rears her up from scattered seeds, 
 
 slow comes. 
 For late descendants doomed to form a 
 
 shade ; 
 And fruits degen'rate, in forgetfulness 
 Of former juices ; and the grape sends forth 
 Unseemly clusters, booty for the birds. 
 In sooth on all is travail to be spent. 
 And all into a furrow forced, and tamed 
 At heavy cost. But olives give return 
 From truncheons better, from a layer vines. 
 The Paphian myrtle from the solid wood. 91 
 From sets both hardy hazels take their rise, 
 And ash gigantic, and the shady tree 
 Of coronal Herculean, and the mast 
 Of the Chaonian sire ; moreover, [thus] 
 Takes stately palm its rise, and silver-fir 
 The haps of ocean doomed to see. Yea, too, 
 Is grafted on the offspring of the nut 
 The bristly arbutus, and barren planes 
 Have borne stout apple-stems ; with chest- 
 nut's [bloom] 100 
 Hath beech, and mountain-ash hath silvered 
 
 o'er 
 With snowy blossom of the pear, and swine 
 Have craunched the acorn underneath the 
 
 elms. 
 Nor single is the way to graft, and eyes 
 
 81. Uruntque ferentem: i. e. should the a</<fw/- 
 tio not be so complete as absolutely to deprive it of 
 fetus. Uruntve would make the passage much 
 more intelligible ; but there does not appear to be 
 any authority for the reading ; while nothmg should 
 be more strenuously resisted than amending an 
 author's text in the absence of any evidence that it 
 is corrupt. 
 
 92. " Sets " for plantis seems the only term 
 which will apply to all the trees named. It would 
 appear that rooted plants are intended, which are 
 struck or reared in a nursery, and then removed to 
 the grove. If this be not the meaning of this 
 difficult passage, it is hard to say what is. Per- 
 haps Virgil may here be more of a poet than a 
 planter ; or trees may be propagated in a different 
 way now from the modes current in his time. One 
 thing is certain, that what he says in vv. 69-72 is 
 utterly at variance with the experience and phi- 
 losophy of modern days. Botanists affirm, that it 
 not only never was done, but that it is impossible. 
 
 104. The translations generally understand by 
 simplex " identical ;" i. e. that the mode of grafting 
 and inoculating were not the same. Is it likely that 
 people would think they were ? Is it not more 
 natural to suppose, with Heyne, that the poet 
 means that there were different methods of con- 
 ducting both these operations, though he gives but 
 one example of each ? 
 
 Shakespeare thus alludes to them : 
 
 Insert. For where the buds thrust forth 
 
 themselves 
 From 'mid the bark, and burst its filmy 
 
 coats, 
 A slight incision in the knot itself 
 Is made ; therein from out another tree 
 A bud they womb, and with the sappy bark 
 They teach it to incorp'rate. Or again, no 
 Stocks clear of knot are open cut, and deep 
 Into the solid [wood] a path is split 
 With wedges ; then are bearing stems let 
 
 in : 
 Nor long the time, and vast hath shot to 
 
 heaven 
 A tree with teemful boughs, and in amaze 
 It views strange leaves, and fruitage not its 
 
 own. 
 Moreover, single is not [found] the race, 
 Nor in the gallant elms, nor willow-tree 
 And lotus, neither in the cypresses 
 Of Ida ; neither do the olives rich I20 
 
 Into one fashion grow, — the Orchades, 
 And Radii, Pausia, too, with berry harsh; 
 And apples, and Alcinous's groves. 
 Nor is the shoot the same in Crustuman, 
 And Syrian, and the weighty Voleme pears ; 
 Hangs not the same the vintage from our 
 
 trees. 
 That Lesbos gathers from Methymna's 
 
 spray. 
 There be the vines of Thasos, and there be 
 The Mareotic whites ; — for unctuous lands 
 These fit, for lighter those ; the Psithian, 
 
 too, 130 
 
 More serviceable for a raisin wine ; 
 And thin Lageos, [that is] doomed anon 
 To try the feet, and tie the tongue ; the reds. 
 
 " You see, sweet maid, we marry 
 A gentler scion to the wildest stock. 
 And make conceive a bark of baser kind 
 By bud of nobler race : this is an art 
 Which does mend nature. " 
 
 tVinier^s Ta/e, iv, 3. 
 
 J. Philips also ; Cider, b. i. : 
 " Wouldst thou thy vats with generous juice should 
 froth ? 
 Respect thy orchats : think not that the trees 
 Spontaneous will produce a wholesome draught. 
 Let art correct thy breed ; from parent bough 
 A scion meetly sever ; after, force 
 A way into the crab-stick's close-wrought grain 
 By wedges, and within the living wound 
 Enclose the foster twig ; nor over nice 
 Refuse with thy own hands around to spread 
 The binding clay : ere long their differing veins 
 Unite, and kindly nourishment convey 
 To the new pupil : now he shoots his arms 
 With quickest growth ; now shake the teeming 
 
 trunk ; 
 Down rain the impurplcd balls, ambrosial fruit !" 
 
 133. Thomson, in a graphic but coarse description 
 of a drunken bout, alludes to the effect of excessive 
 liquor on the feet and tongue : Autmmm, 535, 55a : 
 
44 
 
 V. 95 — io8' 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V. 109 — 133. 
 
 And early-ripe. And with what verse shall I 
 Sing thee, O Rhoetic? Nor for this do thou 
 With bins Falernian vie. Vines, too, there be 
 Of Aminseum, soundest-bodied wines, 
 In whose respect the Tmolian rises up, 
 And Phanae's king himself ; Argitis, too. 
 The less, with whom no other could have 
 
 vied 140 
 
 Or in so full a flow, or lasting on 
 Throughout so many years. I could not 
 
 thee, 
 O welcomed of the gods and second boards, 
 Thou Rhodian, have passed by ; Bumastus, 
 
 too, 
 With swollen clusters. But no reckoning is 
 How many be the kinds, nor what their 
 
 names ; 
 Nor sooth in reckoning to embrace them 
 
 doth it boot ; 
 Which he who fain would know, the self- 
 same would 
 Fain learn how many sands on Lybia's plain 
 By Zephyr are turmoiled ; or, when on 
 
 barks i 50 
 
 More furious swoops the eastern blast, [fain] 
 
 know 
 How many Ionian surges reach the shores. 
 
 " But earnest, brimming bowls 
 Lave every soul, the table floating round, 
 And pavement faithless to the fuddled foot. . . . 
 
 Their feeble tongues. 
 Unable to take up the cumbrous word. 
 Lie quite dissolved." 
 
 J. Philips, too, in Cider, b. i. ; which whole 
 poem is a happy imitation of the Georgics : 
 " But, farmer, look where full-ear'd sheaves of rye 
 Grow wavy on the tilth ; that soil select 
 For apples ; thence thy industry shall gain 
 Tenfold reward ; thy garners thence with store 
 Surcharged shall burst; thy press with purest 
 
 juice 
 Shall flow, which in revolving years may try 
 Thy feeble feet, and bind thy faltering tongue." 
 
 Yet this is not always the effect : 
 
 " When we get a cup, sir. 
 We old men prate apace." 
 
 J. Fletcher, 7"Ae Loyal Subject, iv. 5. 
 
 138. To make Tmolius and Phanceus refer im- 
 mediately to wine, would seem too gross a Grsecism 
 even for Virgil. 
 
 149. " The which more eath it were for mortall 
 wight 
 To tell the sands, or count the starres on hye." 
 Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11, 53. 
 
 Addison introduces the Libyan whirlwind in a 
 noble simile, foreshadowing the death of Cato : 
 Cato, end of 2nd Act : 
 
 " So, where our wide Numidian wastes extend. 
 Sudden, the impetuous hurricanes descend, 
 Wheel through the air, in circling eddies play. 
 Tear up the sands, and sweep whole plains away. 
 The helpless traveller, with wild surprise, 
 Sees the dry desert all around him rise. 
 And smothered in the dusty whirlwind dies." 
 
 Nor, sooth, can every soil bear every 
 [sort]. 
 By rivers willows, and by miry tarns 
 Grow alders ; barren on the craggy mounts 
 The mountain ashes ; shores in myrtle- 
 groves 
 Are most delighted ; lastly, Bacchus loves 
 The open hills, yews Aquilo and frosts. 
 See, too, the world by farthest tillers tamed, 
 And eastei-n homes of Arabs ; and tattooed 
 Geloni. Unto trees are portioned out 161 
 Their countries : Ind alone black ebony 
 Brings forth ; to Saba's sons alone belongs 
 The sprig of incense. Why to thee re- 
 hearse 
 Both balsams oozing from the musky wood, 
 And berries of Acanthus aye in leaf ? 
 Why woods of ^Ethiopians, silv'ring o'er 
 With velvet wool, and how the Chinamen 
 Comb down the filmy fleeces from the 
 
 leaves ? 
 Or groves, which nearer to the ocean, Ind 
 Doth bear, the corner of the farthest globe, 
 Where to out-top the tree's aerial crest 172 
 Not any arrows have at [one] discharge 
 Had power ; — and that nation is, in sooth, 
 Not slack, when donned their quivers. 
 
 Media yields 
 The rueful juices and the ling'ring taste 
 Of blessed citron, than the which more 
 
 prompt — 
 If felon stepdames e'er have tainted draughts, 
 And mingled drugs and not unharmful 
 
 spells, — 
 No antidote arrives, and from the limbs 180 
 Expels the sable bane. The tree itself 
 Gigantic is, and likest in its guise 
 The bay ; and were it not it flings far-wide 
 A different perfume, it a bay would be : 
 
 166. Milton uses an equivalent for semper fron- 
 detitis : 
 
 " With myrtle brown, and ivy never-sere." 
 
 Lyci'das. 
 
 171. It is not easy to see the exact meaning of 
 smus here. Voss thinks it signifies the swelling 
 out of the world's extremity ; in which case it 
 should be rendered " bosom." 
 
 174. So Dryden of the height of Arcite's pyre : 
 " So lofty was the pile, a Parthian bow. 
 With vigour drawn, must send the shaft below." 
 Palatnon and Arcite, 2229, 30. 
 179. " For the maid servants and the girls of the 
 house, 
 I spiced them lately with a drowsy posset : 
 They will not hear in haste." 
 
 Middle ton. The Witch, iv. 3. 
 " The surfeited grooms 
 Do mock their charge with snores : 1 have drugged 
 
 their possets. 
 That death and nature do contend about them. 
 Whether they live or die." 
 
 Shakespeare, Macbeth, ii. 2. 
 
V. I33-ISO. 
 
 BOOK II, 
 
 ▼. 151 — 164. 
 
 45 
 
 The leaves not falling off at any winds ; 
 The bloom retentive e'en among the chief : 
 Their breaths and fetid mouths the Medes 
 
 therewith 
 Foment, and old asthmatic folk they cure. 
 But neither let the country of the Medes, 
 Thrice rich in forest, nor let Ganges fair, 190 
 Aye even Hermus, muddy with its gold, 
 With eulogies of Italy compete ; 
 Not Bactra, nor the Indians, and entire 
 Panchaia, rich with incense-bearing sands. 
 These spots no bulls, from nostrils breathing 
 
 fire. 
 Have ploughed for monster dragon's seeded 
 
 teeth ; 
 Nor hath with helmets, and with serried 
 
 spears, 
 A springing crop of heroes bristled up ; 
 But teemful corn, and Bacchus' Massic juice, 
 Have filled them, olives tenant them and 
 
 fruitful herds. . * 200 
 
 'Tis hence forth flings him tow'ring on the 
 
 plain, 
 The warrior horse ; 'tis hence thy snoviy 
 
 droves, 
 Clitumnus, and that proudest sacrifice, 
 The bull, oft bathed in thy religious flood, 
 Rome's triumphs to the fanes of gods have 
 
 led. 
 Here spring unceasing, and in stranger 
 
 months 
 A summer-tide ; twice pregnant are the 
 
 flocks. 
 Twice serviceable for its fruits the tree. 
 
 185. " With laurels evergreen were shaded o'er. 
 Or oak, or other leaves of lasting kind. 
 Tenacious of the stem, and firm against the 
 wind." Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 278-80. 
 188. " The Britons squeeze the works 
 
 Of sedulous bees ; and, mixing odorous herbs. 
 Prepare balsamic cups, to weezing lungs 
 Medicinal, and short-breath 'd ancient sires." 
 J. Philips, Cider, b. ii. 
 
 189. Thomson has a successful imitation of this 
 fine passage in Liberty, v. 32-82, in which he 
 makes Britain take the place of Italy. 
 
 204. Garth is very happy in his description of the 
 Fortunate Islands, where he dilates upon such a 
 scene as this line suggests : 
 " Eternal spring with smiling verdure here 
 Warms the mild air, and crowns the youthful year. 
 From crystal rocks transparent rivulets flow ; 
 The tuberose ever breathes, and violets blow. 
 The vine undress'd her swelling clusters bears. 
 The bbouring hind the mellow olive cheers ; 
 Blossom and fruit at once the citron shows. 
 And as she pays discovers still she owes. 
 The orange to her sun her pride displays. 
 And gilds her fragrant apples with nis rays : 
 No blasts e'er discompose the peaceful sky, 
 The springs bujt murmur, and the winds but sigh. 
 The tuneful swans on gliding rivers float. 
 And warbling dirges die on every note." 
 
 DispiHsary, c. 4. 
 
 But ravening tigresses are farjaloof, , 
 And lions' raging brood ; nor aconites 2IO 
 Unhappy [mortals] as they cull betray; 
 Nor shoots unmeasured folds along the 
 
 ground 
 The scaly snake, nor with so huge a trail 
 Into a coil contracts him. Do thou add 
 So many peerless cities, and their toil 
 Of works ; so many towns, up-piled by hand 
 Upon the craggy cliffs ; the nvers, too. 
 That glide beneath their aged walls. Should 
 
 I 
 The sea descril:>e, which washes her above, 
 And which below ? Or such her spacious 
 
 lakes ? 220 
 
 Thee, Larius, vastest, and Benacus, thee. 
 With waves and roar of ocean tow'ring 
 
 high? 
 Should I describe her havens, and the mole, 
 Piled on the Lucrine, and the sea in wrath 
 With thundering hissings, where the Julian 
 
 wave 
 Booms from afar, as back the deep is poured, 
 And the Tyrrhenian tide is sluiced within 
 
 211. " The seas in tumbling mountains did not 
 
 roar, 
 But like moist crystal whispered on the shore ; 
 No snake did trace her meads, nor, ambushed, 
 
 lower 
 In azure curls beneath the sweet spring flower; 
 The nightshade, henbane, napel, aconite, 
 Her bowels then not bare, with death to smite 
 Her guiltless brood." 
 
 Drummond, Flowers of Sion, Fairest Fair. 
 
 212. " Here thou shah rest 
 Upon this holy bank : no deadly snake 
 Upon this turf herself in folds doth make; 
 Heie is no poison for the toad to feed ; 
 
 Here boldly spread thy hands : no venomed weed 
 Dares blister them ; no slimy snail dare creep 
 Over thy face when thou art fast asleep ; 
 Here never durst the babbling cuckoo spit ; 
 No slough of falling star did ever hit 
 Upon this bank." 
 
 J. Fletcher, The Faithful Shepherdess, iii. i. 
 
 " These, as a line, their long dimensions drew. 
 Streaking the ground with sinuous trace." 
 
 Milton, P. L., b. 7. 
 
 223. Thomson, alluding to the public works of 
 Britain : 
 " And, by the broad imperious mole repell'd. 
 
 Hark how the baffled storm indignant roars !" 
 Liberty, v. 715. 
 
 Goldsmith happily describes similar efforts in 
 
 Holland : 
 
 " Methinks her patient sons before mfc stand. 
 Where the broad ocean leans against the kind. 
 And, sedulous to stop the coming tide, 
 Lift the tall rampire's artificbl pride. 
 Onward methinks, and diligently slow, 
 The firm, connected bulwark seems to grow: 
 Spreads its long arms amidst the waterv roar. 
 Scoops out an empire, and usurps the snore ; 
 While the pent ocean, ri>:ing o'er the pile, 
 Sees an amphibious world beneath him smile." 
 U'ravcller. 
 
46 
 
 V. 164 — 184- 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V. 184—209. 
 
 The narrows of Avernus ? She, the same, 
 Her rills of silver, and her mines of bronze. 
 Hath in her veins unveiled to view, and 
 flowed 230 
 
 With gold full plenteous. She a mettled 
 
 race 
 Of heroes, — Marsi, and Sabellian youth, 
 And Ligur, to calamity inured. 
 And Volsci, armed with javelins, hath pro- 
 duced ; 
 The Decii she, the Marii, and the great 
 Camilli, Scipio's offspring, steeled in war ; 
 And thee, O Cassar, mightiest [of all]. 
 Who at this hour in Asia's farthest coasts. 
 E'en now a conqueror, art warding off 
 The craven Indian from the Roman towers. 
 All hail ! great nurse of fruits, Saturnian 
 land, 241 
 
 Great [nurse] of heroes ! For thy sake on 
 
 themes 
 Of ancient praise and skill do I advance. 
 The hallowed springs emboldened to un- 
 lock, 
 And Ascra's lay I sing through towns of 
 Rome. 
 There now is place for innate characters 
 Of soils ; what pow'rs to each, what hue, 
 
 and what, 
 In yielding produce, be their native force. 
 First, churlish lands and stingy hills, 
 where light 
 The clay, and shingle on the braky fields, 
 [Is found], delight in the Palladian grove 25 1 
 Of long-lived olive. For a sign there stands 
 Wild-olive, in profusion springing up 
 In the same territory, and the fields 
 Bestrewed with wild-wood berries. But the 
 
 soil. 
 That greasy is, and in delicious ooze 
 
 240. Shakespeare makes John of Gaunt say 
 finely : 
 " This royal throne of kings, this sceptr'd isle, 
 
 This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, 
 
 This other Eden, demi-paradise, 
 
 This fortress, built by nature for herself 
 
 Against infection and the hand of war ; 
 
 This happy breed of men, this little world ; 
 
 This precious stone set in the silver sea. 
 
 Which serves in it the office of a wall. 
 
 Or as a moat defensive to a house, 
 
 Against the envy of less happier lands ; 
 
 This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this 
 England, 
 
 This nurse, this teeming womb of royal kings, 
 
 Fear'd by their breed, and famous by their 
 birth," King Richard II., \\. i. 
 
 249. Perhaps Collins would furnish a better word, 
 as a version of maligni, in his Ode on Poetic Cha- 
 racter : 
 
 " Where, tangled round the jealous steep. 
 Strange shades o'erbrow the valleys deep." 
 
 Milton, in P. L,, b. xi. 15, speaks of " envious 
 winds." 
 
 Is blithesome, and the plain that thick [is 
 
 stocked] 
 With grass, and is prolific in its breast, — 
 Such as within a mountain's hollow vale 
 Ofttimes to look adown on we are wont ; — 
 Stream hither from the summits of the cliffs 
 The brooks, and trail along enriching 
 
 slime : — 262 
 
 And that which to the southern gale is 
 
 reared. 
 And feeds the fern abhorred by crooked 
 
 ploughs : 
 This will to thee one day right hardy vines, 
 And with abundant Bacchus rilling forth, 
 Supply ; this is prolific of the grape ; 
 This — of the liquor, such as we outpour 
 From saucers and from gold, what time his 
 
 [horn 
 Of] iv'ryhath the bloated Tuscan blown 270 
 Hard by the altars, and we offer up 
 From bending chargers entrails in a steam. 
 
 But if thy fancy rather be to tend 
 The herds, and calves, and younglings of 
 
 the ewes. 
 Or goats that sear the tilths, do thou seek 
 
 out 
 The gorged Tarentum's glades and distant 
 
 [leas], 
 And, — such as hapless Mantua hath lost, — 
 A plain, that feeds upon its grassy flood 
 The snowy swans. Thy flocks no crystal 
 
 springs. 
 No grass shall fail ; and howsoever much 280 
 Thy cattle in the lengthful days shall browse, 
 The icy dew shall in the scanty night 
 So much replace. Lands, well nigh black, 
 
 and fat 
 Beneath the sunken ploughshare, and whose 
 
 mould 
 Is crimp (for we in ploughing copy this). 
 Is best for corn : from no plain wilt thou 
 
 see 
 More wains departing home with plodding 
 
 steers ; 
 Or [that] wherefrom the plougher in his 
 
 wrath 
 Hath carried off a wood, and overturned 
 The groves [that] idle [stood] through many 
 
 a year, 290 
 
 And the time-honored homesteads of the 
 
 birds 
 
 272. Or : 
 
 The steaming entrails from the bending trays. 
 
 291. So Dryden, of the destruction of timber for 
 
 Arcite's funeral pile : 
 
 " Nor how the Dryads, or the woodland train. 
 Disherited, ran howling o'er the plain : 
 Nor how the birds to foreign seats repair'd. 
 Or beasts that bolted out, and saw the forest 
 bared ; 
 
V. 2IO — J 34" 
 
 BOOK 11. 
 
 V. a 34— 263. 
 
 47 
 
 Hath he uprooted with their deepest stocks ; 
 High [heav'n] have they, their nests for- 
 saken, sought ; 
 But the raw plain hath glistened forth be- 
 neath 
 The ploughshare driven in. For, of a truth, 
 The hungry gravel of the hilly ground 
 Scarce caters lowly casia-plants for bees 
 And rosemary ; and tufa rough, and clay 
 Of Crete, by dun chelydri channelled out. 
 Deny that other soils alike for snakes 3CX) 
 Sweet cates purvey, and winding shrouds 
 
 afford. 
 That which breathes out thin mist and 
 
 flitting steam. 
 And drinks the moisture in, and when it lists 
 Itself returns it from itself ; that, too, 
 Which robes it aye in emerald turf its 
 
 own. 
 Nor iron scathes with scurf and briny rust — 
 That soil will pleach thee elms with jovial 
 
 vines ; 
 That teemful is in oil ; that thou wilt find 
 In tilling both indulgent to the flock, 
 And tol'rant of the crooked share. Such 
 
 [land] 310 
 
 The wealthy Capua plougheth, and the 
 
 coasts 
 Bord'ring Vesuvius' ridge, the Clanius, too, 
 Not to the tenantless Acerrse just. 
 
 Now, by what method each thou may'st 
 
 have power 
 To know, will I declare. If it be thin, 
 Or past the customary manner close, 
 Should'st thou demand, (since one befriends 
 
 thy corn. 
 The other, wine, — the close doth rather 
 
 Ceres, 
 Lyaeus all the loosest, — ) first a spot 
 Shalt thou select by sight, and bid a pit 320 
 Be deeply sunken in the solid [soil], 
 And all the earth shalt thou replace again. 
 And level with thy feet the surface sands. 
 Shall they be lacking, thin, and for the 
 
 flock 
 And bounteous vines more fit, its breast 
 
 will prove. 
 
 Nor how the ground, now clear'd, with ghastly 
 fright 
 
 Beheld the sudden sun, a stranger to the light." 
 Palamon and Arcite, 2243-8. 
 
 299. In rendering exesa, commentators differ. 
 One takes it in its simple sense of "eating away ;" 
 another in the dependent sense of " making 
 cavities." If "the former required justification, 
 ciburn would furnish more than enough ; while 
 latebras would at least excuse the latter, which is 
 less commonplace, and more pleasing. 
 
 305. Wagner and others read viridis, instead of 
 viridi, but it would seem with slender authority 
 from manuscripts. 
 
 But if they shall deny that they ain pa.s.s 
 Into their proper beds, and when the dykes 
 Are filled, shall earth abound, the field is 
 
 dense ; 
 For sullen clods and heavy ridges look, 
 And with thy sturdy steers break up the 
 
 land. 330 
 
 But briny ground, and what is '•bitter" 
 
 called. 
 For grain unblest,— that neither mellow 
 
 grows 
 By ploughing, nor doth it preserve his race 
 For Bacchus, nor for fruits their rightful 
 
 names : — 
 Such sample will afford : do thou thy frails 
 Of matted osier, and the colanders 
 Of thy wine-presses from the smoky roofs 
 Pull down. Therein let that malignant 
 
 soil, 
 And from the springs sweet waters, to the 
 
 brim 
 Be trampled : all the fluid, sooth, will 
 
 struggle forth, 34° 
 
 And drops enormous issue through the 
 
 twigs ; 
 But clear the flavor will a proof betray. 
 And by a sense of bitterness distort 
 The miserable mouths of those that try. 
 So, too, the land which unctuous is, in fine, 
 By this means learn we : never in the 
 
 hands 
 When tossed it crumbles, but in guise of 
 
 pitch 
 In handling to the fingers clings. [The 
 
 soil,] 
 That moisty is, the nobler grasses feeds, 
 And of itself is ranker than is right. 350 
 Ah ! be not mine that too prolific ground, 
 Nor show itself too strong with infant ears ! 
 That which is heavy by its very weight 
 Its silent self bewrays, — and what is light. 
 Ready it is beforehand by the eyes 
 To learn the black, and what to each the hue ; 
 But to search out the cursed cold is hard : 
 Pitch-pine trees only, and the harmful yews, 
 Or ivies dun at times disclose its tracks. 
 These things observed, the earth remem- 
 ber thou 360 
 Long first to throughly melt, and thickly 
 
 score 
 Great mounts with trenches, first— the clods 
 
 outstretched 
 Upon their back to Aquilo to shew. 
 Ere thou dig in the vine's rejoicing race. 
 Most excellent the fields with crumbling 
 
 mould : 
 
 358. "Death does delight in yew, and I ha%'e 
 robbed a church-yard for him." 
 
 Shirley, Cupid and Dtaik, I. tz. 
 
V. 263—288. 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 -310. 
 
 That [task] the winds and icy hoar-frosts 
 
 make 
 Their care, and stalwart delver stirring up 
 His loosened acres. But if any swains 
 No watchfulness hath 'scaped, first search 
 
 they out 
 A spot alike, where first may be prepared 
 A nurs'ry for the trees, and [one,] whereto 
 Hereafter, ranged abroad, it may be borne. 
 Lest the young scions should decline to 
 
 know 372 
 
 A mother, on a sudden changed. Yea, too, 
 The quarter of the sky upon the rind 
 They mark, that in what fashion each hath 
 
 stood. 
 Upon what side the heats of Auster borne. 
 What rear it hath directed to the Pole, 
 They may replace it : 'tis of such avail 
 To mould their habits in their tender 
 
 [forms.] 
 Whether on hills or plains it better be 
 To set the vine, seek first. Should'st thou 
 
 lay out 381 
 
 Fields of the fertile champaign, plant them 
 
 close : 
 In a close [rank] not slower in his yield 
 Is Bacchus ; but — if soil upraised in knolls. 
 And hills aslope, be tender to your rows, 
 Nor less let every alley to a nail — 
 The trees in posture — with the avenue, 
 Cut through them, square. As oft in 
 
 mighty war. 
 What time a lengthful legion has deployed 
 Its squadrons, and upon the open plain 390 
 The host hath halted, and the lines are 
 
 ranged, 
 And all the earth is waving far and near 
 With flashing bronze, nor yet the grisly 
 
 frays 
 Do they commingle, but irresolute 
 Mars wanders in the midst of arms. Let 
 
 all 
 Be meted out in even ranks of paths ; 
 Not only that the view the vacant mind 
 May feed, but since not otherwise will earth 
 Vouchsafe to all like vigor, nor the boughs 
 Have pow'r to stretch them into empty 
 
 [space]. 400 
 
 Perchance, too, thou may'st ask what be 
 
 the depths 
 
 379. Or, if taken more generally : 
 
 To form their habits during tender [years]. 
 396. Similarly Chaucer, Flmuer and Leaf, st. 5 : 
 " In which were okes great, streight as a line, 
 "Under the which the grass, so fresh of hew. 
 Was newly sprong, and an eight foot or nine 
 Every tree well fro his fellow grew, 
 With branches brode, laden with leves new, 
 That sprongen out ayen the sunne-shene. 
 Some very red, and some a glad light grene." 
 
 For trenches. I would dare to trust my vine 
 E'en to a shallow drill. At greater depth. 
 And far adown in earth the tree is firmed : 
 The tEscuIus among the first, which, high 
 As with its summit to the gales of heaven, 
 So deep it stretches with its roots to hell. 
 Hence this nor storms, nor gusts, nor 
 
 show'rs uptear ; 
 Unstirred it bides, and many sons of sons. 
 While rolling [o'er it] many an age of 
 
 men, 410 
 
 In lasting it survives. Then far and near 
 As forth it spreads its gallant boughs and 
 
 arms 
 On this side and on that, it by itself 
 Upholdeth in the midst a mighty shade. 
 Nor let thy vineyards to the setting 
 
 sun 
 Incline ; nor hazel plant among the vines ; 
 Nor seek the topmost scions, or strip down 
 Thy settings from the summit of the tree ; — 
 So mighty is their love of earth ! nor harm 
 The shoots with blunted iron ; nor do thou 
 Among them sets of wild-wood olive plant. 
 For oft from heedless shepherds fire hath 
 
 dropped, 422 
 
 Which thievishly beneath the oily bark 
 At first concealed, hath on the timbers 
 
 seized, 
 And, stealing forth upon the leaves aloft, 
 A mighty crackling to the welkin raised. 
 Thence coursing on in conquest through 
 
 the boughs, 
 And through the lofty crests, it rules, and 
 
 wraps 
 In blazes all the grove, and gross with 
 
 gloom 
 Of pitch, shoots forth to heav'n a murky 
 
 cloud ; _ 430 
 
 In chief if some tornado from the height 
 
 404. But the season may be wrong for removal.: 
 " Thus in the summer a tall flourishing tree. 
 Transplanted by strong hand, with all her leaves 
 And blooming pride upon her, makes a show 
 Of spring, tempting the eye with wanton blossom ; 
 But not the sun, with all his amorous smiles. 
 The dews of morning, or the tears of night, 
 Can root her fibres in the earth again, 
 Or make her bosom kind to growth and bearing, 
 But the tree withers." Shirley, Chabot, v. 3. 
 407. " Observe the forest oak, the mountain pine, 
 The towering cedar, and the humble vine. 
 The bending willow that o'ershades the flood, 
 And each spontaneous offspring of the wood. 
 The oak and pine, which high from earth arise, 
 And wave their lofty heads amidst the skies, 
 Their parent earth in like proportion wound. 
 And through crude metals penetrate the ground ; 
 Their strong and ample roots descend so deep. 
 That fix'd and firm they may their station keep 
 And the fierce shocks of furious winds defy, 
 With all the outrage of inclement sky." 
 
 Sir R. Blackmore, Creation, b. ii. 
 
V. 311 — 334- 
 
 BOOK 11, 
 
 V. 324—349. 
 
 49 
 
 Hath tilted on the forests, and the blast 
 Rolls round the burnings as it hunts them on'. 
 When this [occurs], no vigor from the root 
 Have they, nor when cut down have pow'r 
 
 to rise 
 Anew, and like themselves to spring afresh 
 In verdure from the deep of earth: unblest, 
 Wild olive lords it with his bitter leaves. 
 
 Nor thee let any counsellor so sage 
 Induce, when Boreas breathes, stiff earth to j 
 
 stir : 440 
 
 Then winter prisons in the fields with ice, I 
 Nor, when the seed is cast, doth it allow 
 The frozen root to grapple to the earth. | 
 For vineyards is the planting best, what | 
 
 time I 
 
 In blushing spring the bird of white hath 
 
 come. 
 Loathed by long snakes : or towards the 
 
 earliest chills 
 Of autumn, when the speeding Sun not yet 
 Is touching on the winter with his steeds, 
 Now slips the summer by. Yea spring 
 
 to leaves 
 Of groves, to woods is spring a boon ; 
 
 in spring 450 
 
 The lands are swelling, and their genial 
 
 seeds 
 
 434. Forbiger thinks, and not without reason, 
 that V. 312 should be punctuated as Wakefield 
 recommends: Hoc, nbi non-a stir/>e valent, &c., 
 making v. ^14 the consequence implied by hoc. In 
 this case the translation of v. 312 must be varied 
 thus : 
 
 " Thus, since they have no vigor from the root. 
 Nor, when cut down, have pow'r to rise anew. 
 And, copies of themselves, to spring afresh," &c. 
 438. Perhaps some may prefer : 
 
 " Survives wild olive," &c. 
 449. Spenser has a beautiful passage on this 
 subject, embodied in an address to Venus, Faerie 
 Qtieene, iv. 10, 45 : 
 
 " Then doth the daedale earth throw forth to thee 
 Out of her fruitfull lap abundant flowres ; 
 And then all living wights, soone as they see 
 The Spring breake forth out of his lusty bowres, 
 They all doe learne to play the paramours : 
 First doe the merry birds, thy prety pages, 
 Privily pricked with thy lustfull powres, 
 Chirpe loud to thee out of their leavy cages, 
 And thee their mother call to coole their kindly 
 
 rages." 
 449. " Wonder must speak or break ! "What is 
 this? grows 
 The wealth of Nature here, or Art? it shows 
 As if Favonius, father of the Spring, 
 Who in the verdant meads doth reign sole king, 
 Had roused him here, and shook his feathers, wet 
 With purple swelling nectar ; and had let 
 The sweet and fruitful dew fall on the ground. 
 To force out all the flowers that might be found ; 
 Or a Minerva with her needle had 
 The enamoured earth with all her riches clad. 
 And made the downy Zephyr, as he flew. 
 Still to be followed with the Spring's best hue." 
 Ben Jonson, I'ision of Velij^ht. 
 
 Demand. Then Mihtr, the almighty sire, 
 With fertilizing showers droppcth down 
 Upon the lap of his rejoicing bride, 
 And all her embryoes he, mighty, feeds. 
 Blent with her mighty frame. 'ITien echo 
 
 forth 
 The wayless thickets with the warbling 
 
 birds, 
 And Venus herds reseek on days decreed ; 
 The bounteous field is in the throes of birth ; 
 And to the Zephyr's breezes softly-warm 460 
 The fields unlock their breasts. Abounds 
 
 in all 
 A gentle moisture ; and to stranger suns 
 The buds in safety dare themselves to tnist. 
 Nor fears the viny spray the rising gales 
 Of south, or shower, hunted through the 
 
 heaven 
 By mighty northern blasts, but pushes forth 
 Its buds, and all its leafage it unfolds. 
 That days none other at the infant birth 
 Of the arising world had o'er it dawned, 
 Or held another course, could I have 
 
 deemed. 470 
 
 That [tide] was spring ; the mighty globe 
 
 kept spring, ' 
 
 And eastern gales forebore their wintry 
 
 gusts. 
 What time primeval flocks drank in the 
 
 light, 
 And men's earth-gendered race its head 
 
 upraised 
 From flinty fields, and savage beasts were 
 
 loosed 
 Upon the woods, and stars upon the sky. 
 Nor would soft things be able to endure 
 This travail, were not such profound re- 
 pose 
 To intervene betwixt both cold and heat, 
 And Heav'n's indulgence to relieve the 
 
 lands. 480 
 
 For what remains, what shoots soever 
 
 thou 
 Shalt plunge throughout thy fields, with 
 
 rich manure 
 Bestrew, and mindful hide with plenteous 
 
 soil ; 
 Or delve in spongy stone, or rugged 
 
 shells : 
 For 'tween them will the waters trickle 
 
 through, 
 
 452. " Ethereal Jove then glads with genial showers 
 Earth's mighty womb, and strews her lap with 
 
 flowers ; 
 Hence juices mount, and buds embolden'd try 
 More kindly breezes, and a softer sky. 
 Kind Venus revels. Hark ! on every bough 
 In lulling strains the feather'd warblers woo ; 
 Fell tigers soften in th' infectious flames, 
 And lions, fawning, court their brinded dames." 
 Tickell, Fragment on Humthtg. . 
 
V. 349— 370. 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V. 371 — 400. 
 
 And subtile breath [of heav'n] will work 
 
 below, 
 Aye, and their spirits will the plants up- 
 raise. 
 Ere now, too, have been found, who with a 
 
 stone 
 At top, and with the burden of a sherd 
 Enormous, would depress them : this, a 
 
 shield 490 
 
 'Gainst sluicy showers ; this, what time 
 
 with drought 
 The Doo[, heat-bringing, splits the yawning 
 
 fields. 
 When planted be the scions, it remains 
 The soil to crumble oftener at the roots. 
 And ply remorseless drags, or work the 
 
 ground 
 Beneath the sunken share, and wheel about 
 Among the very vine-rows straining steers. 
 Then glossy canes, and shafts of rod un- 
 
 barked. 
 And ashen stakes to fit, and sturdy prongs. 
 By strength whereof they may themselves 
 
 inure 500 
 
 To struggle upward, and to scorn the winds. 
 And track the stages through the heights 
 
 of elms. 
 And while their infant age with new 
 
 [-born] leaves 
 Is rip'ning, thou must spare the tender 
 
 [plants] ; 
 And while the tendril shoots it to the gales 
 In joyance, through the cloudless [air] let 
 
 loose 
 With slackened reins, it must not yet be 
 
 tried 
 With edge of knife, but with the hands 
 
 inbent 
 The leaves be nipped, and gathered here 
 
 and there. 
 Thereafter, when they now with lusty stems 
 Their elms infolding, shall have mounted up. 
 Then strip their locks, then lop their arms : 
 
 — ere this 512 
 
 They dread the iron : — then at last exert 
 A heartless sway, and curb the gadding 
 
 boughs. 
 
 512. " Go thou, and, like an executioner, 
 
 Cut oft" the heads of too-fast growing sprays." 
 
 " All superfluous branches 
 We lop away, that bearing boughs may live." 
 Shakespeare, King Richard II., iii. 4. 
 Spenser uses "locks" of trees, as Virgil Cotnce: 
 F. Q., ii. II, 19 : 
 " As withered leaves drop from their dryed stockes, 
 When the wroth western wind does reave their 
 
 locks." 
 Milton, also, P. L., b. x. : 
 
 " While the winds 
 Blow moist and keen, shattering the grateful locks 
 Of these fair spreading trees." 
 
 Pleached, too, must hedges be, and 
 
 every flock 
 Restrained ; in chief while delicate the leaf, 
 And unaware of toils, to which, beyond 
 The ruffian winters, and the tyrant Sun, 
 Wild bulls unceasingly and pestering roes, 
 Do wanton harm ; [upon it] browse the 
 
 sheep 520 
 
 And greedy heifers. Nor so much the 
 
 chills. 
 All curdled with the silv'ry rime, or heat, 
 Down bearing scathful on the parching 
 
 cliffs. 
 Have worked it mischief, as those flocks 
 
 [have caused] ; 
 The poison, too, of their remorseless fang, 
 And scar imprinted on the nibbled stem. 
 For fault none else to Bacchus is the goat 
 On every altar slain, and olden plays 
 The stages enter, and rewards for wit, 
 Hamlets and crossways round, have Theseus' 
 
 sons 53*^ 
 
 Proposed, and 'mid the goblets jovial 
 
 danced 
 In downy meadows on the smeary skins. 
 Yea, Auson boors, a Troy-sprung race, 
 
 disport 
 With doggrel ditties and unbridled mirth. 
 And don the ghastly masks of hollowed 
 
 bark : 
 And upon thee, O Bacchus, do they call 
 In hymns of gladness, and to thee uphang 
 The swinging visors from the lofty pine. 
 Hence eveiy vineyard with a plenteous 
 
 crop 
 Is rip'ning, and the hollow vales are filled. 
 And deepsome glades, and every spot, 
 
 whereto 541 
 
 The god hath veered about his comely head. 
 To Bacchus, therefore, will we duly chant 
 His rightful honor in our country's songs. 
 And chargers and the holy cakes present ; 
 And, led by horn, the consecrated goat 
 Shall at the altar stand, and we will roast 
 His oily entrails upon hazel-spits. 
 
 There is, moreo'er, in tending vines, 
 
 that second toil. 
 Which of exhaustion never hath enough. 550 
 For all the ground from year to year both 
 
 thrice 
 And four times must be cloven, and the clod 
 For ever broken by inverted drags ; 
 
 525. " So may thy tender blossoms fear no blight, 
 Nor goats with venom'd teeth thy tendrils bite." 
 Dryden, Palavion and A rcite, 669, 70. 
 531. ** Ful red cheekt Bacchus, let Lyeus flote 
 In burnisht gobblets. Force the plump lipt god 
 Skip light lavoltaes in your full sapt vaines." 
 
 Marston, Antony and Mellida, P. 2, v. 4. 
 538. Or, perhaps: "gentle visors." 
 
V. 400 — 4*4- 
 
 The grove must all be lightened of the leaf. 
 Returns in cycle to the husbandmen 
 Past toil, and on itself the year is wheeled 
 Along through its own tracks. And now 
 
 at length, 
 When its late leafage hath the vineyard 
 
 dropped, 
 And chilly Aquilo hath shaken down 
 From woods their pride — e'en then the 
 
 hind, alert, 560 
 
 His pains outstretches to the coming year, 
 And with hooked fang of Saturn he pur- 
 sues 
 His vine forsaken, as he clips it close, 
 And by his pruning moulds it into shape. 
 Be first thy ground to dig, be first to burn 
 The brush-wood borne away, and be the 
 
 first 
 The stakes to carry back beneath thy roof ; 
 Be last to reap. Shade twice assails the 
 
 vines ; 
 Twice overrun the crop with matted thorns 
 The weeds : sore either toil. Praise spacious 
 
 farms ; 570 
 
 A small one cultivate. Moreover, too, 
 Sharp twigs of butcher-broom throughout 
 
 the wood. 
 And by the banks the river-reed is cut, 
 And care of willow-grove untilled employs. 
 Now fettered are the vines ; now trees lay 
 
 down 
 The pruning-blade ; now sings his farthest 
 
 rows 
 The worn-out vintager : natheless the earth 
 Is to be worried, and the mould stirred up ; 
 And now must Jove be feared for ripened 
 
 grapes. 
 On th' other hand, no tilth is [requisite] 
 For olives ; nor the fore-crooked knife do 
 
 they 581 
 
 Await, and griping harrows, when they 
 
 once 
 Have fastened to the earth and borne the 
 
 gales. 
 To the young plantings of herself the earth, 
 When by the hooked fang she is unlocked. 
 Purveys her moisture, and her weighty 
 
 fruits. 
 
 560. Pope says very beautifully in his 4th Pas- 
 toral, 31 : 
 
 " Now hung with pearls the dropping trees appear, 
 Their faded honours scatter'd on her bier. 
 See, where on earth the flowery glories lie, — 
 With her they flourish'd, and with her they die." 
 
 Collins, too, applies " honour " to express leaves ; 
 Eclogue iv. : 
 " Yon citron grove, whence first in fear we came, 
 
 Droops its fair honours to the conquering flame." 
 
 563. Or: " His widowed vine, close cl'pping it." 
 
 BOOK II. V. 424—446. 51 
 
 When by the share. On this account do 
 
 thou 
 The olive foster, rich, and dear to Peace. 
 The fruit-trees, also, soon as they their 
 stems 
 Have felt in vigor, and their rightful 
 strength 590 
 
 Have gained, in snatches struggle to the 
 
 stars 
 By energy their own, and needing naught 
 Of our assistance. Nor the less, meanwhile. 
 With produce heavy waxes every grove, 
 And flush with berries of a bloody hue 
 The wild resorts of birds. The cytisi 
 Are cropped, the stately forest brands sup- 
 plies. 
 And nightly fires are fed, and pour their rays. 
 And scruple men to plant and pains bestow? 
 Why greater [themes] pursue ? The sallow- 
 shrubs 600 
 And lowly brooms, — or they to flock the leaf, 
 Or shades to shepherds furnish, and a fence 
 For seeded grounds, and food for honey 
 
 [-bees]. 
 And 'tis a joy Cytorus to behold. 
 Waving with box, and groves of Naryx' 
 
 pitch ; 
 It joys the fields to witness, nor to rakes 
 Beholden, nor to any pains of men. 
 The very forests, barren on the crest 
 Of Caucasus, which gusty eastern blasts 
 Unceasingly both break and bear away, 610 
 Grant each their various produce ; grant 
 
 they pines, 
 A wood for ships of service, for our houses 
 Both juniper and cypresses. Hence spokes 
 Have farmers turned for wheels, hence 
 
 drums for wains. 
 And bending keels for barks laid down. In 
 
 twigs 
 Are willow-trees prolific, elms in leaves ; 
 
 588. " Then as the olive 
 
 Is the meek ensign of fair fruitful peace, 
 So b this kiss of yours." 
 
 Middleton, The IViich, iv. i. 
 612. Verses 442-453 will bring to the recollection 
 of the readers of Spenser, Faerie Queene, i. 1, 8, 9 : 
 " Much can they praise the trees so straight 
 and hy : 
 The sayling pine ; the cedar proud and tall ; 
 The vine-propp elme ; the poplar never dry ; 
 The builder oake, sole king of forrcsts all ; 
 The aspine, good for staves ; the cypressc funerall ; 
 The laurell, meed of mightie conquerours 
 And poets sage ; the firre that wcepcth still ; 
 The willow, wome of forlomc paramours ; 
 The eugh, obedient to the benders will ; 
 The birch, for sh.iftes ; the sallow for the mill ; 
 The mirrhe sweete-blecding in the bitter wound ; 
 The warlike beech ; the ash for nothing ill ; 
 The fruitfull olive : and the plarane round : 
 The carver holme ; the maple, seeldom inward 
 sound." • 
 
 E 2 
 
52 
 
 V. 447—460. 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V. 460—473. 
 
 But myrtle for stout spears, and, good for 
 
 war, 
 The cornel ; into Iturean bows 
 The yews are bent. Nor do the glossy limes, 
 Or box that takes a polish in the lathe, 620 
 No shape receive, or by the sharpened tool 
 Are grooved. Nor less,, too, swims the 
 
 seething wave 
 The buoyant alder, launched upon the Po ; 
 Nor less, too, do the bees their swarms 
 
 ensconce 
 As well within the vaulted [hives of] bark, 
 As in the hollow of the cankered holm. 
 What to be named alike have Bacchus' gifts 
 Bestowed? E'en Bacchus hath for crime 
 
 supplied 
 Occasions. He the Centaurs in their rage 
 With death o'erpowered, — Rhoetus both, 
 
 and Pholus, 630 
 
 Hylseus, too, with mighty wassail-bowl 
 Against the Lapithse denouncing threats. 
 
 O happy, too, too [happy] if they knew 
 The blessings that are theirs, — the swains, 
 
 to whom. 
 Of her own self, afar from wrangling arms. 
 Most righteous earth unbosoms from the soil 
 
 621. See note on Geo. i. 115. 
 628. Spenser thus alludes to the fight : 
 " And there the relicks of the drunken fray, 
 The which amongst the Lapithees befell ; 
 And of the bloodie feast, which sent away 
 So many Centaures drunken soules to hell, 
 That under great Alcides furie fell." 
 
 Faerie Queenc, iv. i, 23. 
 " All now was turned to jollity and game. 
 To luxury and riot, feast and dance ; 
 
 thence from cups to civil broils." 
 
 Milton, P. L., b. xi. 
 Milton also makes Samson say : 
 
 " Nor envied them the grape, 
 Whose heads that turbulent liquor fills with fumes." 
 
 " Nor the Centaurs' tale 
 Be here repeated, how with lust and wine 
 Inflamed they fought, and spill'd their drunken souls 
 At feasting hour." J. Philips, Cider, b. ii. 
 
 Gay, however, is rather jealous of the reputation 
 
 of Bacchus : 
 
 " Drive hence the rude and barbarous dissonance 
 Of savage Thracians and Croatian boors : ■ 
 The loud Centaurian broils with Lapithse 
 Sound harsh and grating to Lensean god." 
 
 Poe7n on IVine. 
 It may be bad enough, even without hostilities : 
 
 " He that lives within a mile of this place 
 Had as good sleep in the perpetual 
 Noise of an iron mill. There's a dead sea 
 Of drink i' the cellar, in which goodly vessels 
 Lie wrecked ; and in the middle of this deluge 
 Appear the tops of flaggons and black-jacks. 
 Like churches drowned i' the marshes." 
 
 Beaumont, The Scornful Lady, ii. 2. 
 
 633. Thomson finely imitates this whole passage, 
 verses 458-540, in his Autinnn, 1235-1373 ; but it 
 ij too long to quote. 
 
 A ready diet ! If no mighty tide 
 
 Of morning greeters, through its haughty 
 
 doors, 
 A stately mansion forth from all its halls 
 Disgorges ; neither do they stare agape 640 
 On gates enamelled with the lovely shell. 
 And garments made the sport of gold, and 
 
 forms 
 In Ephyr's bronze ; nor is their snowy wool 
 Dyed in Assyria's poison, nor is marred 
 With casia service of the crystal oil : 
 Yet careless rest, and life that knows not 
 
 guile. 
 Rich in a varied wealth ; yet hours of ease 
 In fields extended, grots, and living meres ; 
 Yet Tempe cool, and lowings of the kine, 
 And balmy slumbers underneath the tree, — • 
 Keep not aloof. There woodlands and the 
 
 lairs 651 
 
 Of savage beasts, and youth enduring toils, 
 And used to scantness ; holy rites of gods, 
 
 638. " Hast thou not seen my morning chambers 
 filled 
 With sceptred slaves, who waited to salute me ?" 
 Dryden, All for Love, iii. i. 
 644. " Shall we seek Virtue in a satin gown, 
 
 Embroidered Virtue? Faith in a well-curled 
 feather ?" 
 
 J. Fletcher, The Loyal Subject, iii. 2. 
 " I want the trick of flattery, my lord ; 
 I cannot bow to scarlet and gold lace ; 
 Embroidery is not an idol for my worship." 
 Shirley, The Dttke's Mistress, i. i. 
 646. *' But carelesse Quiet lyes." 
 
 Spenser, F. Q., i. i, 41. 
 " There in close covert by some brook. 
 Where no profaner eye may look, 
 Hide me from day's gairish ej'e, 
 While the bee with honied thigh. 
 That at her flowery work doth sing, 
 And the waters murmuring, 
 With such consort as they keep, 
 Entice the dewy-feathered sleep." 
 
 Milton, 11 Penseroso. 
 See T. Warton's elegant poem, The Hamlet. 
 
 . 652. Shakespeare makes Henry the vSixth agree 
 with the poet ; the king says, 3 Hen. VI., ii. 5 : 
 "Ah, what a life were this; how sweet! how 
 lovely ! 
 Gives not the hawthorn bush a sweeter shade 
 To shepherds, looking on their silly sheep. 
 Than doth a rich embroider'd canopy 
 To kings, that fear their subjects' treachery? 
 O, yes, it doth ; a thousandfold it doth. 
 And to conclude, — the shepherd's homely curds, 
 His cold thin drink out of his leather bottle, 
 His wonted sleep under a fresh tree's shade. 
 All which secure and sweetly he enjoys. 
 Is far beyond a prince's delicates. 
 His viands sparkling in a golden cup. 
 His body couched in a curious bed. 
 When care, mistrust, and treason wait on him." 
 653. " The use of things is all, and not the store : 
 Surfeit and fullness have killed more than F'aminc." 
 
 Ben Jonson, 7 he Staple of News, end. 
 " Upon those lips, the sweet fresh buds of youth, 
 The holy dew of prayer lies, like pearl 
 
V. 473—493. 
 
 BOOK IL 
 
 V. 492—506. 
 
 35 
 
 And worshipped sires : 'mong them her 
 
 latest tracks 
 Did Justice, from the earth withdrawing, 
 
 print. 
 But me the chiefest, may the M\ises, 
 
 sweet 
 'Bove all [attractions], whose religious 
 
 [gifts] 
 I bear, deep smitten with a mighty love, 
 Embrace, and shew the pathways and the 
 
 stars 
 Of heav'n, the changeful fadings of the sun, 
 And travails of the moon ; whence [comes] 
 
 the quake 661 
 
 To earth ; beneath what pow'r deep seas 
 
 upheave, 
 When burst their barriers, and again sink 
 
 back 
 Themselves upon themselves j why speed 
 
 so fast 
 To dip them in the ocean wintry suns, 
 Or what delay withstands the laggard nights. 
 But if, lest I be able to approach 
 These parts of Nature, chill around my heart 
 My blood have proved a hindrance, may 
 
 the fields 
 Charm me, and streamlets rilling in the 
 
 dales ; 670 
 
 The floods and forests may I love, unfamed ! 
 Oh! [could I live] where [lie] the plains, 
 
 Sperchseus too. 
 And, wildly revelled o'er by Spartan maids, 
 The ridges of Tayget. Oh ! [for one] 
 To set me down in Hzemus' icy glens. 
 And curtain me with vasty shade of boughs ! 
 Happy [the man] who hath availed to leani 
 The springs of Nature, and all fears, and 
 
 fate. 
 Deaf to appeal, hath flung beneath his feet. 
 
 Dropt from the opening eyelids of the morn 
 Upon the bashful rose." 
 
 Middleton, A Game ai Chess, 5. i. 
 " The immortal gods 
 Accept the meanest altars, that are raised 
 By pure devotion ; and sometimes prefer 
 An ounce of frankincense, honey or milk. 
 Before whole hecatombs, or Saba:an gums. 
 Offered in ostentation." 
 
 Massinger, T/ie Bondman, iv. 3. 
 655, " Or wert thou that just Maid, who once 
 before 
 Forsook the hated earth ?" 
 
 Milton, Ode on the Death of an Infant. 
 661. ^ " To dance 
 
 With Lapland witches, while the labouring moon 
 Eclipses at their charms." Milton, F. L., b. ii. 
 669. " Nor ask I from you 
 
 Your learning and deep knowledge ; though I am 
 
 not 
 A scholar, as you are, I know them diamonds. 
 By your .sole industry, patience, and labour. 
 Forced from steep rocks, and with much toil at- 
 tained." J. Fletcher, The Elder Brother, v. x. 
 
 And greedy Acheron's roar I Blest, too, 
 
 is he, 6S0 
 
 Who knows the rural deities, both Pan, 
 And old Silvanus, and the sister Nymphs ! 
 Him have no fasces of the populace, 
 Nor monarchs' purple warped ; nor civil 
 
 feud. 
 The traitor brothers goading, or the Dace, 
 Down swooping from the Danube oath- 
 
 colleagued ; 
 Not Roman fortunes and expiring realms : 
 Nor has he either, in compassion, mourned 
 The destitute, or envied him that hath. 
 What fruits the boughs, what willing fields 
 
 themselves, 690 
 
 Of free accord, have yielded, he hath culled ; 
 Nor laws of iron and the frantic bar, 
 Nor people's archive-halls, hath he beheld. 
 Some fret with oarage hidden seas, and rush 
 On steel ; they pierce the courts and gates 
 
 of kings. 
 One with extermination makes assault 
 Upon his city, and Penates sad. 
 That he may from a jewel quaff, and sleep 
 
 683. " A wise man never goes the people's way: 
 But as the planets still move contrary 
 To the world's motion, so doth he to opinion." 
 Ben Jonson, Tlie New Inn, iv. 3. 
 688. That is, in his happy neighborhood there 
 is no poverty to be seen : it does not mean to deny 
 that 
 
 " The poor man's cry he thought a holy knell : 
 No sooner gan their suits to pierce his ears. 
 But fair-eyed pity in his heart did dwell ; 
 And like a father that affection bears 
 So tendered he the poor with inward tears, 
 And did redress their wrongs when they did call ; 
 But, poor or rich, he still was just to all." 
 
 Robert Greene, A Maiden's Dream. 
 692. " To drown the tempest of a pleader's tongue." 
 Massinger, The Fatal Dowry, i. i. 
 695. The kings were courted because they lacked 
 either the sense or honesty to say : 
 
 " Wherefore pay you 
 This adoration to a sinful creature ? 
 I'm flesh and blood, as you are, sensible 
 Of heat and cold, as much a slave unto 
 The tyranny of my passions, as the meanest 
 Of my poor subjects. The proud attributes, 
 By oil-tongued flattery imposed upon us. 
 Coined to abuse our frailty, though compounded. 
 And by the breath of sycophants applied, 
 Cure not the least fit of an ague in us. 
 We may give pour men riches, confer honours 
 On undeservers, raise or ruin such 
 As are beneath us, and, with this puffed up. 
 Ambition would persuade us to forget 
 That we are men : but he that sits above us. 
 And to whom, at our utmost rate, we are 
 But pageant properties, derides our weakness." 
 Massinger, The Emperor of the East, v. 2. 
 698. " Instead of gold 
 
 And cups of hollowed pearl, in which I used 
 To quaff deep healths of rich pomegranate wine, 
 This scallop shall be now my drinking cup 
 To sip cold water." 
 
 Webster, The Thracian Wondtr, iii. 2. 
 
54 
 
 V. 506—518. 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V. 519—539. 
 
 On Sarra's purple ; wealth another hoards, 
 And o'er his deeply-buried gold he broods. 
 One, awe-struck at the Rostra, stands 
 
 amazed ; 701 
 
 Another, staring on with mouth agape. 
 The clapping through the seats, yea doubly 
 
 pealed. 
 Of commons both and sires hath held en- 
 chained. 
 They joy, bespattered with their brothers' 
 
 blood. 
 For exile, too, their homes and thresholds 
 
 dear 
 Do they exchange, and seek a land that lies 
 Beneath another sun. The husbandman 
 The earth hath sundered with his crooked 
 
 plough : 
 Hence the year's travail ; hence his native 
 
 land 710 
 
 And children's infant children he supports ; 
 Hence droves of oxen and deserving steers. 
 Nor is there rest ; but either with its fruits 
 The year o'ertlows, or in the birth of flocks, 
 Or sheaf of Cereal stalk, and with its yield 
 The furrows lades, and vanquishes the 
 
 barns. 
 
 " Their sumptuous gluttonies, and gorgeous feasts 
 On citron tables or Atlantic stone ; . . . . 
 Their wines of Setia, Cales, and Falerne, 
 Chios, and Crete ; and how they quaff in gold. 
 Crystal, and myrrhine cups, emboss'd with gems 
 And studs of pearl." Milton, P. R., b. iv. 
 
 " I, that forgot 
 
 I was made of flesh and blood, and thought the 
 silk, 
 
 Spun by the diligent worms out of their entrails. 
 
 Too coarse to clothe me, and the softest down 
 
 Too hard to sleep on." 
 
 Massinger, The Bondman, iii. 3. 
 
 700. " You swear, forswear, and all to compass 
 
 wealth : 
 Your money is your god, your hoard your heaven." 
 
 Robert Greene, James the Fourth, v. 4. 
 " No ! I'll not lessen my dear golden heap. 
 Which, every hour increasing, does renew 
 My youth and vigour ; but, if lessened, — then, 
 Then my poor heart-strings crack ! Let me enjoy 
 
 it, 
 And brood o'er 't, while I live, it being my life. 
 My soul, my all." 
 
 Massinger, The Ro7nan Actor, ii. i. 
 " But the base miser starves amidst his store, 
 Broods on his gold, and, griping still at more, 
 Sits sadly pining, and believes he's poor." 
 
 Dryden, IVife of Bath's Tale, 468-70. 
 " As some lone miser, visiting his store, 
 Bends at his treasure, counts, recounts it o'er ; 
 Hoards after hoards his rising raptures fill. 
 Yet still he sighs, for hoards are wanting still." 
 
 Goldsmith, Traveller. 
 703. " This applause. 
 
 Confirmed in your allowance, joys me more 
 Than if a thousand full-crammed theatres 
 Should clap their eager hands, to witness that 
 The scene I act did please, and they admire it." 
 Massinger, The Renegade, iv. 3. 
 
 Winter is come : in olive-mills is brayed 
 The Sicyon berry ; with the acorn blithe, 
 The swine return; their arbutes give the 
 
 woods. 
 And autumn in variety lays down 720 
 
 Its produce, and the mellow vintage high 
 Is ripened on the sunny rocks. Meanwhile 
 His darling boys around his kisses hang ; 
 The taintless house its chastity preserves ; 
 Their udders do the kine drop milky down, 
 And plump upon the merry green the kids 
 Between them struggle with confronted 
 
 horns. 
 Himself the days of feast observes, and, 
 
 stretched 
 Along the turf, where in the midst the fire 
 Is burning, and his comrades wreathe the 
 
 bowl, 730 
 
 Thee, pouring, O Lensean, he invokes ; 
 And for the masters of the flock appoints 
 The games of flying javelin on the elm ; 
 And stalwart frames they strip for rural list. 
 This life of yore the olden Sabines led ; 
 This Remus and his brother ; thus in sooth 
 Etruria brave hath waxed, and Rome become 
 The loveliest of things, and for herself 
 Seven heights hath singly girdled with a 
 
 wall. 
 Ere, too, the sceptre of the Cretan king. 
 And ere a godless nation banqueted 741 
 On butchered steers, the golden Saturn led 
 This life on earth. Nor had they, too. 
 
 723. The cessation of such tendernesses is sadly 
 described by Gray in his Elegy : 
 " No children run to lisp their sire's return. 
 Or climb his knees the envied kiss to share." 
 Thomson has a tender touch of nature, taken, 
 like this of Virgil, from home life. In a very suc- 
 cessful description of a father lost in a snow-storm, 
 he says : 
 
 " In vain his little children, peeping out 
 Into the mingling storm, demand their sire 
 With tears of artless innocence." 
 
 Winter, 313-315. 
 730. " The woods, or some near town 
 
 That is a neighbour to the bordering down, 
 Hath drawn them thither 'bout some lusty sport, 
 Or spiced wassail-bowl, to which resort 
 All the young men and maids of many a cote. 
 Whilst the trim minstrel strikes his merry note." 
 J. Fletcher, The Faithful Shepherdess, v. i. 
 743. So Milton describes mankind after the 
 Flood ; /'. L., b. xii. : 
 
 " With some regard to what is just and right 
 Shall lead their lives, and multiply apace. 
 Labouring the soil, and reaping plenteous crop, 
 Corn, wine, and oil ; and, from the herd or flock. 
 Oft sacrificing bullock, lamb, or kid, 
 With large wine-offerings pour'd, and sacred feast, 
 Shall spend their days in joy unblamed." 
 And Thomson, of the reign of Peace ; Britannia, 
 113, &c. : 
 
 " Pure is thy reign, when, unaccursed by blood. 
 Nought save the sweetness of indulgent showers 
 
V. 539— 540. 
 
 BOOK III, 
 
 V. 541— 54a. 
 
 55 
 
 Yet heard the trumpets blasted, nor as yet, 
 On hardy stithies laid, the falcions clang. 
 
 Trickling distils into the vcrnant glebe, 
 Instead of mangled carcases, sad -seen, 
 When the blithe sheaves lie scattered o'er the 
 
 field ; 
 When only shares, the crooked knife, 
 
 But we have an interminable plain 
 Accomplished in our circuits, and it now 
 Is tirte our coursers' smoking necks to free. 
 
 And hooks imprint the ve|;etable wound ; 
 When the land blushes with the rose alone, 
 The falling fruitage and the bleeding vine." 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 Thee likewise, mighty Pales, also thee, 
 O worthy of remembrance, will we sing, 
 Thou shepherd from Amphrysus ; you, ye 
 
 woods. 
 And rivers of Lycrcus. Other [themes], 
 The which might idle spirits have enchained 
 With minstrelsy, all now world-wide are 
 
 spread. 
 Who either stem Eurystheusdoth not know, 
 Or altars of Busiris, the unpraised ? 
 By whom hath stripling Hylas not been 
 
 sung, 
 And Lato's Delos, and Hippodame, 10 
 And Pelops, with an ivory shoulder badged. 
 Keen on his steeds? A path must be 
 
 essayed. 
 Whereby myself too I may lift from earth, 
 And float triumphant thro' the mouths of 
 
 men. 
 I, foremost, to my native land with me, 
 (Let only life survive,) as I return 
 From Aon peak will lead the Muses down; 
 I, foremost, Mantua, to thee will bring 
 The palms of Idumea, and a fane 
 Upon the verdant plain will I uprear 20 
 Of marble, by the water, where, immense 
 With lazy windings, Mincius strays away. 
 And fringes o'er his banks with tender reed. 
 For me shall Ceesar in the centre stand, 
 And hold the fane. For him a conq'ror I, 
 In Tyrian purple, too, observed of all, 
 
 Line 15. Gray thus finely alludes to the decay of 
 poetry in Greece, and its translation to Rome ; 
 Progress of Foesy : 
 " Where each old poetic mountain 
 Inspiration breath'd around ; 
 Ev'ry shade and hallow'd fountain 
 Murmur'd deep a solemn sound : 
 Till the sad Nine, in Greece's evil hour. 
 Left their Parnassus for the Latian plains." 
 
 22. So Milton, in Lycidas : 
 " O fountain Arethuse, and thou honour'd flood, 
 Smooth sliding Mincius, crown'd with vocal 
 reeds." 
 
 26. Ophelia, mourning over Hamlet's insanity, 
 
 speaks of him as 
 
 " The expectancy and rose of the fair state. 
 The glass of fashion, and the mould of form. 
 The observ'd of all observers." Hamlet, iii. i. 
 
 A hundred four-yoked chariots will impel 
 Along the floods. The whole of Greece 
 
 for me, 
 Alpheus leaving and Molorchus' groves. 
 In races and the cestus raw shall strive. 30 
 Myself, upon my head bedecked with leaves 
 Of shaven olive, will my gifts present. 
 E'en now the grave processions to the 
 
 shrines 
 It joys to lead, and view the butchered 
 
 steers ; 
 Or how the scene with shifted fronts with- 
 draws, 
 And how the intertissued Britons raise 
 The purple curtains. On the folding-doors 
 The battle of the Gangarids will I 
 Of gold and massive ivory portray, 
 And conquering Quirinus' arms ; and here, 
 Surging with war, and flushing huge, the 
 
 Nile, 41 
 
 And pillars, tow'ring up with naval bronze. 
 I Asia's humbled cities will subjoin. 
 And chased Niphates, and the Parth, that 
 
 trusts 
 In flight, and in his rear-directed shafts ; 
 Twain trophies, also, from a severed foe 
 By prowess reft, and, triumphed over twice, 
 Nations from either shore. And there shall 
 
 stand 
 The stones of Paros, effigies that breathe, 
 
 44, " Oh ! let us gain a Parthian victory : 
 The only way to conquer is to fly." 
 
 Dryden, Lot'e Triumphant, \\. i. 
 4.0. " I am but dead, stone looking upon stone : 
 What was he that did make it ? See, my lord. 
 Would you not deem it breathed, and that those veins 
 Did verily bear blood ?" 
 
 Shakespeare, The Winters Tale, v. 3. 
 " Some carve the trunks, and breathing shapes 
 bestow, 
 Giving the trees more life than when they grow." 
 Cowley, Davidiis, b. ii. 
 " The fairest, softest, sweetest frame beneath. 
 Now made to seem, and more than seem, to 
 breathe." Plamell, ffesiad. 
 
 " And breathing forms from the rude marble start." 
 
 T. Warton, Sanrnft v. 
 " Heroes in animated marble frown. 
 And legislators seem to think in stone." 
 
 Pope, Temple of Fame. 
 
56 
 
 V. 35—67. 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V, 68—77. 
 
 The lineage of Assaracus, and names 50 
 Of the Jove-issued race, both father Tros, 
 And Troja's Cynthian founder. Envy curst 
 Shall dread the Furies, and the rigid tide 
 Of Cocyt, and Ixion's twisted snakes, 
 And monster wheel, and the unconquerable 
 
 stone. 
 Meanwhile the Dryads' woods and glades 
 
 untouched 
 Track we, Maecenas, thy no soft behests : 
 My soul without thee nothing lofty founds. 
 Lo ! come, burst slow delays ! with loud 
 
 halloo 
 Cithseron calls us, and Tayget's hounds, 60 
 And Epidaurus, breaker-in of steeds : 
 The cry, too, doubled by the lawns' ap- 
 
 proof, 
 Comes thund'ring back. Soon ne'ertheless 
 
 shall I 
 Be girt to celebrate the burning fights 
 Of Cassar, and his name in fame to waft 
 Throughout as many years, as Caesar stands 
 In distance from Tithonus' earliest source. 
 
 If either any, stricken with amaze 
 At prizes of Olympic palm, feeds steeds ; 
 Or any — bullocks, sturdy for the ploughs ; — 
 Chief let him choose the bodies of the 
 
 dams. 
 Best is the figure of the grim-eyed cow, 72 
 In whom uncomely is the head, in whom 
 Abundant is the neck, and from her chin 
 As far as to her legs the dewlap hangs. 
 Then to her lengthM side there is no bound : 
 All is enormous, e'en the foot ; and th' ears 
 Are shaggy underneath the crumpled horns. 
 Nor would distasteful be to me one badged 
 With spots and white, or that declines the 
 
 yoke, 80 
 
 And is at times uncivil with her horn. 
 And in her guise [comes] nearer to a bull, 
 And who all tow'ring [stands], and as she 
 
 walks 
 Brushes her footsteps with her tip of tail. 
 The age, Lucina and due marriage-rites 
 To suffer, ceases before ten, begins 
 After four years ; the rest is neither meet 
 For breeding, nor robust for ploughs. 
 
 Meantime, 
 While to thy flocks survives a merry youth. 
 Let loose the males ; to Venus be the first 
 To send thy cattle-droves, and race from 
 
 race 91 
 
 Supply by breeding. Each best day of life 
 From wretched mortals is the first to fly : 
 Steal on diseases, and a crabbed eld, 
 
 94. " Who would live long ? 
 
 Who would be old ? 'tis such a weariness. 
 Such a disease, that hangs like lead upon us. 
 As it increases, so vexations. 
 
 And toil, and ruthlessness of rigid death 
 Sweeps them away. There aye will be, 
 
 whose frames 
 Thou wouldest liefer should be changed : 
 
 then aye 
 Do thou recruit them ; and lest thou again 
 Should seek them lost, forestall, and for 
 
 thy herd 
 A youthful offspring year by year allot. 100 
 Nor less, too, is the choice the same for 
 
 brood 
 Of horses. Do but thou on those, which 
 
 thou 
 Shalt settle for the nation's hope to raise. 
 Especial pains now straight from tender 
 
 [years] 
 Bestow. From first the colt of noble strain 
 In statelier fashion paces in the fields. 
 And plants and plants again his supple 
 
 legs; 
 And in the van to enter on the path, 
 
 Griefs of the mind, pains of the feeble body. 
 Rheums, coughs, catarrhs : we are but our living 
 coffins." 
 
 J. Fletcher, A Wife for a Month, ii. 5. 
 "Time is the moth 
 Of Nature, devours all beauty." 
 
 Shirley, I'he Htiniorous Courtier, i. i. 
 " A flower that does with opening morn arise. 
 And, flourishing the day, at evening dies ; 
 A winged eastern blast, just skimming o'er 
 The ocean's brow, and sinking on the shore ; 
 A fire, whose flames through crackling stubble 
 
 fly: 
 
 A meteor, shooting from the summer sky ; 
 
 A bov/1 adown the bending mountain roU'd ; 
 
 A bubble breaking, and a fable told ; 
 
 A noontide shadow, and a midnight dream,— 
 
 Are emblems which, with semblance apt, proclaim 
 
 Our earthly course." Prior, Solomon, b. iii. 
 99. " Scions such as these 
 
 Must become new stocks, for us to glory 
 
 In their fruitful issue : so we are made 
 
 Immortal one by other." 
 
 Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iii. 2. 
 
 108. On the impatience of the horse Pope is very 
 happy : 
 " The impatient courser pants in every vein, 
 
 And, pawing, seems to beat the distant plain : 
 
 Hills, vales, and floods appear already cross'd, 
 
 And ere he starts a thousand steps are lost." 
 
 Windsor Forest. 
 108-125. " Oft in this season too the horse, provoked. 
 While his big sinews full of spirits swell. 
 Trembling with vigour, in the heat of blood. 
 Springs the high fence : and, o'er the field effused. 
 Darts on the gloomy flood, with steadfast eye, 
 And heart estranged to fear : his nervous chest. 
 Luxuriant and erect, the seat of strength. 
 Bears down th' opposing stream : quenchless his 
 
 thirst ; 
 He takes the river at redoubled draughts. 
 And with wide nostrils snorting, skims the wave." 
 Thomson, Summer, 506-515. 
 " Survey the warlike horse ! Didst thou invest 
 
 With thunder his robust distended chest ? 
 
 No sense of fear his dauntless soul allays ; 
 Tis dreadful to behold his nostrils blaze : 
 
V. 77—92. 
 
 BOOK IIL 
 
 V. 93— "3. 
 
 57 
 
 And threatful rivers to essay he dares, 
 And venture him upon the unknown bridge; 
 Nor starts at idle noises. High his neck, 
 And finely shaped his head, his barrel 
 
 short, 112 
 
 And plump his back, and rampant swells 
 
 with thews 
 His mettled chest. [The steeds of] gener- 
 ous [stamp] 
 Are brownish chestnuts, and the iron-greys: 
 The sorriest hue is of the white and dun. 
 Then if a clang from far have any arms 
 Sent forth, he knows not in his place to 
 
 stand ; 
 He quivers with his ears, and in his joints 
 He quakes, and, snorting, rolls the gathered 
 
 fire I20 
 
 Beneath his nostrils. Thick his mane, and 
 
 tost 
 On the right shoulder down it sinks to rest. 
 But through the loins a double spine is 
 
 traced; 
 And earth he scoops, and with its massive 
 
 horn 
 His hoof deep echoes. Such like, tamed 
 
 by reins 
 Of Amyclsean Pollux — Cyllarus; 
 And they, whose story Grecian bards have 
 
 told. 
 Mars' twain -yoked steeds, and great 
 
 Achilles' car. 
 And such like did Satumus e'en himself 
 Shed forth a mane along a courser's neck. 
 
 To paw the vale he proudly takes delight. 
 And triumphs in the fulness of his might. 
 High-raised, he snuffs the battle from afar. 
 And bums to plunge amid the raging war ; 
 And mocks at death, and throws his foam around. 
 And in a storm of fury shakes the ground. 
 How does his firm, his rising heart advance 
 Full on the brandish'd sword and shaken lance, 
 While his fix'd eye-balls meet the dazzling shield. 
 Gaze, and return the lightning of the field ! 
 He sinks the sense of pain in generous pride. 
 Nor feels the shaft that trembles in his side ; 
 But neighs to the shrill trumpet's dreadful blast 
 Till death ; and when he groans, he groans his 
 last." Dr. Young, Paraphrase on Job. 
 
 ii8. Shakespeare gives a different turn to the 
 
 effect of music on the colt : 
 
 " For do but note a wild and wanton herd. 
 Or race of youthful and unhandlcd colts. 
 Fetching mad bounds, bellowing and neighing 
 
 loud. 
 Which is the hot condition of their blood ; 
 If they but hear perchance a trumpet sound. 
 Or anv air of music touch their ears, 
 You shall perceive them make a mutual stand. 
 Their savage eyes tum'd to a modest gaze. 
 By the sweet power of music." 
 
 Merchant of Venice, v. x. 
 
 What this great poet here says is an accurate 
 picture of the fact, as any one who has been much 
 accustomed to the country must have observed. 
 
 Fleet on his wife's approach, and, as he 
 
 fled, 131 
 
 Filled lofty Pelion with a shrilly neigh. 
 Him likewise, when, or burdened with 
 
 disease. 
 Or now, too languid from his years, he fails, 
 Conceal at home, nor his unnoble eld 
 Forgive. The older is for Venus chill, 
 And vainly his unwelcome task he drags ; 
 And, if it ever to engagement comes, — 
 As sometimes in the stubbles without 
 
 strength 
 A mighty fire, — he impotently fumes. 140 
 Their mettle, therefore, and their age shall 
 
 thou 
 Mark chiefly; next, their other qualities. 
 And parents' race, and what in each the pain 
 When conquered, what their triumph in 
 
 the palm. 
 Dost thou not see, when in the headlong 
 
 strife 
 The cars have seized the plain, and dash 
 
 away, 
 Forth bursten from the goal ; when hopes 
 
 of youths 
 Are lifted high, and drains a beating throb 
 Their palpitating hearts? Upon [their 
 
 steeds] 
 They press with twisted lash, and stooping 
 
 forward give 150 
 
 The reins: the axle hot with fury flies; 
 And crouching now, and now erect, they 
 
 seem 
 Aloft tlirough empty ether to be swept, 
 And soaring tothe gales. Nor pause,nor rest; 
 But high is raised a cloud of yellow sand ; 
 They're moist with the pursuers' foam and 
 
 breath : 
 So deep the love of praises, of so deep 
 Concern is conquest. Ericthonius first 
 Adventured cars and coursers four to yoke. 
 And, fleet, in triumph o'er the wheels to 
 
 stand. 160 
 
 Reins gave the Pelethronian Lapithae, 
 And the ring-courses, mounted on their 
 
 back, 
 And taught the rider under arms to prance 
 Upon the ground, and his disdainful steps 
 To curve. Alike is either toil; alike 
 Seek out the masters both the young, and 
 
 hot 
 In mettle, and in races keen; though oft 
 In flight the other may his routed foes 
 Have chased, and as his native land allege 
 Kpirus and Mycenae brave, and fetch 170 
 His lineage drawn from Neptune's very 
 
 stock. 
 These [rules] obser\'ed, they're zealous 
 
 towards the time, 
 
58 
 
 V. 123 — 148. 
 
 THE GEORGICS, 
 
 V. 149 — 176. 
 
 And all their pains bestow, with solid fat 
 To plump out him, whom they have chosen 
 
 chief, 
 And have pronounced the husband of the 
 
 herd; 
 And downy herbs they cut, and streams 
 
 purvey 
 And spelt; lest he should fail to over- 
 match 
 The charming toil, and puny sons announce 
 Their fathers' leanness. But the herds 
 
 themselves 
 With meagreness do they, resolved of will. 
 Reduce; and when the now well-known 
 delight 181 
 
 First dalliance stimulates, they both with- 
 hold 
 Their browse, and bar them from the 
 
 springs. Oft, too. 
 They shake them in the race, and tire them 
 
 out 
 Beneath the sun, when heavily the floor 
 Is groaning with the beaten grains, and 
 
 when 
 To rising Zephyr empty chaff is tossed. 
 This do they, lest, through pamp'ring in 
 
 excess. 
 Too blunt the service for the genial field 
 Should prove, and sluggish furrows it 
 might coat 190 
 
 With fat; but that [the field] athirst may 
 
 seize 
 On Venus, and the deeper veil her [form]. 
 
 Again the care of sires begin to wane. 
 And that of dams to take its place. What 
 
 time, — 
 The months completed, — pregnant do they 
 
 stray. 
 Let no one suffer them to draw the yokes 
 With heavy wains, nor with a leap to 
 
 clear 
 The road, and scour the leas in mettled 
 
 flight. 
 And swim the ravening floods. In open 
 
 lawns 
 They feed, and hard by brimming brooks, 
 where moss 200 
 
 [Is found], and bank of brightest green 
 
 with grass ; 
 And grots may shelter them, and rocky 
 
 shade 
 Extend along. There is around the groves 
 Of Silarus, and, blooming with its holms, 
 Alburnus, an abundant winged thing. 
 For which Asilus is the Latin name ; — 
 The Greeks have turned it Astros in their 
 tongue ; — 
 
 176. " Downy ;" or, " full-grown." 
 
 Fierce, buzzing shrill; whereat all panic- 
 struck 
 Throughout the woods in every quarter fly 
 The herds: storms ether, with their roars 
 convulsed, 210 
 
 And dry Tanager's woods and banks. Erst- 
 while 
 "Vyith this monstrosity did Juno wreak 
 Her fearful wrath, what time she planned 
 
 a plague 
 For the Inachian heifer. This, too, thou 
 (For fiercer it assails in noon-day heats,) 
 Shalt from the pregnant herd ward off, 
 
 and feed 
 Thy cattle at the newly-risen sun. 
 Or when the stars are ush'ring in the night. 
 
 After the birth, attention to the calves 
 Is all transferred; and from the first the 
 
 marks 
 And titles of the breed on them they brand, 
 And [sever] those, which either they prefer 
 To rear for preservation of the herd, 223 
 Or hallowed for the altars to reserve. 
 Or earth to sunder, and upturn the plain, 
 Bristling with broken clods. The other 
 
 droves 
 Are fed through emerald herbage. Those 
 
 which thou 
 For task and service of the field shalt 
 
 mould, 
 Now spur [when] calves, and enter on a 
 
 course 
 Of taming, while the spirits of the young 
 Are flexible, while pliant is their age. 231 
 And first, loose hoops of slender withy bind 
 Below the neck; thereon, what time their 
 
 necks. 
 Unshackled, they to thraldom shall have 
 
 used. 
 Tied from the very collars, fellows yoke, 
 And force the steers to move their step in 
 
 time. 
 And now by them unfreighted wheels be oft 
 Drawn o'er the ground, and on the surface- 
 dust 
 Their traces let them print. Next, strain- 
 ing 'neath 
 A lusty load, let beechen axle creak, 240 
 And pole of bronze drag on the wedded 
 
 orbs. 
 Meanwhile, not grasses only for the young, 
 Unbroken, neither willows' slender leaves, 
 And oozy sedge, but seedling corn shalt 
 thou 
 
 221. The branding of sheep, Thomson, in dig- 
 ified terms, thus describes ; Suminer, 406 : 
 ' Some mingling stir the melted tar, and some. 
 Deep on the new-shorn vagrants' heaving side 
 To stamp his master's cypher, ready stand." 
 
V. 176—198. 
 
 Crop with thy hand. Nor shall for thee 
 
 thy kine, 
 That have brought forth, (in fashion of 
 
 our sires,) 
 Brim up the snowy milk-pails, but dispend 
 Their udders wholly on their darling brood. 
 
 But if thy fancy rather [lead] to wars 
 And furious brigades, or to scud along 250 
 Alphean floods of Pisa on thy wheels, 
 And in the wood of Jove the flying cars 
 To drive ; the steed's first task it is to view 
 The mettle and the arms of warriors, and 
 
 to stand 
 The trumps, and brook the wheel, as with 
 
 the draught 
 It groans ; and in his stall the jingling 
 
 curbs 
 To hear ; then more and more to take 
 
 delight 
 In the caressing praises of his lord, 
 And love the sounding of a patted neck. 
 And these now let him from the first, when 
 
 weaned 260 
 
 From his dam's breast, adventure, and in 
 
 turn 
 To gentle muzzles lend his mouth, [still] 
 
 weak, 
 Aye, quaking e'en, e'en artless from his age. 
 But, three completed, when fourth summer- 
 tide 
 Shall have approached, at once let him 
 
 begin 
 To i-un the ring, and sound with measured 
 
 steps, 
 And arch th' alternate foldings of his legs. 
 And be like one that toils; then to the race. 
 Then let him dare the winds, and while he 
 
 flies 
 Throughout the open plains, as one by reins 
 Untrammelled, let him scarce his footmarks 
 
 plant 271 
 
 Upon the surface of the sand. As when 
 From Hyperborean coasts hath Aquilo 
 Full swooped, and Scythia's storms and 
 
 droughty clouds 
 Disperses : then the lofty fields of corn, 
 
 258. " Nearer and nearer now he stands, 
 
 To feel the praise of patting hands," 
 
 Gay, F.^ i. 13. 
 " The bounding steed, you pompously bestride, 
 Shares with his lord the pleasure and the pride." 
 Pope, Essay on Alan, Ep. iii. 35, 6. 
 260. " I am of Pliny's opinion, I think he was begot 
 
 by the wind ; 
 He runs as if he were ballassed with quicksilver." 
 Webster, 7 he Duchess of Mal/i, i. 2. 
 *' And in that haste, too, madam, I was told 
 The speed of wings was slow ; their fiery horse, 
 Bathing in foam, yet fled, as if they meant 
 To leave the wind and clouds behind them." 
 
 Shirley, The Doubtful Heir, v. 4. 
 
 BOOK III, ' V. 198— aa4. 59 
 
 And champaigns, waving, with the gentle 
 
 puffs 
 Wax crisp, and crests of forests raise a roar, 
 And distant billows hurry to the strands : 
 It flies, at once the fields in its career, 
 At once the waters, sweeping. [Such as] 
 
 this 280 
 
 Or at the winning-posts and courses vast 
 Of Elis' plain will reek, and from his mouth 
 Dash forth the gory foam, and better bear 
 The Belgic war-cars on his supple neck. 
 Then at the last with thickened mash allow 
 Their bulky frame to swell, now broken in ; 
 For ere their breaking in, they high will 
 
 raise 
 Their mettle, and when caught refuse to 
 
 brook 
 The limber thongs, and galling curbs obey. 
 But no pains-taking braces more their 
 
 powers 290 
 
 Than Venus, and the stings of hidden love, 
 To keep aloof, whether to any [swain]. 
 More pleasing be the use of beeves or 
 
 steeds. 
 And hence the bulls they banish far away, 
 And into lonely feeding-grounds, behind 
 A barrier mount, and over spacious floods ; 
 Or keep them jailed within at glutted cribs. 
 For step by step the female saps their 
 
 powers. 
 And burns them by their gazing, nor allows 
 The mem'ry of their lawns or grass. She, 
 
 sooth, 300 
 
 By her enchanting charms e'en oft compels 
 Her haughty paramours to wage a war 
 Between them with their horns. In Sila 
 
 vast 
 A lovely heifer feeds : they, turn by turn, 
 With giant vigor intermingle frays 
 With wounds repeated ; bathes the jetty 
 
 gore 
 Their frames ; and, turned against the 
 
 struggling [foes]. 
 Their horns are tilted with a thund'ring 
 
 groan. 
 And forests peal again, and distant heaven. 
 'Tis not the custom for the combatants 310 
 
 290. " Bulls and rams will fight 
 
 To keep their females, stand ng in their sight ; 
 But take 'em from them, and yuu take at once 
 Their spleens away : and they will fall again 
 Unto their pastures, growing fresh and fat ; 
 And taste the waters of the springs as sweet 
 As 'twas before." 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Fkilaster, iii. \. 
 
 300. " Tell her thy brother languishes to death, 
 And fades away, and withers in his bloom : 
 That he forgets his sleep, and loathes his (k>oA' 
 Marcus to Fortius, in Addison's Cato, iii. i. 
 
 310. So Octavian addresses Antony : 
 
6o 
 
 V. 224 — 246. 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V. 247 — 268. 
 
 To stall together ; but the vanquished one 
 
 Retires, and lives an exile far away 
 
 In bourns unknown ; sore moaning his 
 
 disgrace, 
 And the haught conqu'ror's blows ; then 
 
 o'er the loves 
 Which he unvenged hath lost ; and to- 
 wards the stalls 
 Oft casting wistful looks, he hath withdrawn 
 From his ancestral kingdoms. So his 
 
 pow'rs 
 "With all concern he practises, and lies 
 The livelong night, among the galling 
 
 stones. 
 On couch unlittered, fed on prickly leaves 
 And pointed rush ; and brings him to the 
 
 test, 321 
 
 And learns his wrath to centre in his horns, 
 Against a tree-bole butting, and the winds 
 Provokes with thrusts, and with the scat- 
 tered sand 
 Plays prelude to the fight. Thereon, what 
 
 time 
 His strength is mustered, and his pow'rs 
 
 repaired. 
 He moves his standards, and is headlong 
 
 borne 
 On his forgetful foeman : as a surge. 
 When it begins to whiten 'mid the sea. 
 Afar and from the deep its bosom draws ; 
 And as, when rolled along to land, all 
 
 wild 331 
 
 It booms among the rocks, nor less than 
 
 e'en 
 A mount it topples down ; but from its 
 
 base 
 The water seethes in whirlpools, and aloft 
 The sable sand it tosses from below. 
 
 Yea, every race on earth, alike of men 
 And savage beasts, and race of ocean, 
 
 flocks. 
 And birds enamelled, rush to rage and fire : 
 To all is love the same. At no time else. 
 Forgetful of her cubs, the lioness 340 
 
 Hath more ferocious ranged about the 
 
 plains ; 
 Nor shapeless bears have dealt on every 
 
 side 
 
 " I must perforce 
 Have shown to thee such a declining day, 
 Or look on thine ; we could not stall together 
 In the whole world." 
 
 Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra, v. i. 
 
 339. See among Cowley's Poems that on The 
 Force of Love, which begins : 
 
 " Throw an apple up an hill, 
 Down the apple tumbles still ; 
 Roll it down, it never stops 
 Till within the vale it drops : 
 So are all things prone to love. 
 All below, and all above." 
 
 So many deaths and havoc through the 
 
 woods ; 
 Then the wild boar is truculent, then worst 
 The tigress. Ah ! it then is ill to stray 
 In Libya's lonely fields. Dost thou not see 
 How thrills a quiv'ring all throughout the 
 
 frames 
 Of steeds, if but the scent hath wafted 
 
 home 
 The well-known airs. And neither stay 
 
 them now 
 The reins of men, nor lashes fell, not cliffs 
 And vaulted rocks, and floods a barrier set, 
 And whirling in their wave the mounts 
 
 engrasped. 352 
 
 E'en tilts and whets his tusks the Sabine 
 
 boar. 
 And with his hoof the earth before him 
 
 tears. 
 And chafes his ribs against a tree, and this 
 And that side steels his shoulders for the 
 
 wounds. 
 What [feat performs] the stripling, in whose 
 
 bones 
 Fell passion circulates its mighty fire ? 
 Forsooth, the friths, by bursten storms 
 
 turmoiled, 
 Late swims he in the blinded night, o'er 
 
 whom 360 
 
 Is thund'ring heav'n's colossal gate, and 
 
 dashed 
 Against the cliffs, the seas return a din ; 
 Nor can his wretched parents call him back. 
 Nor [yet] the maiden, doomed thereon to die 
 By felon death. What — Bacchus' spotty 
 
 pards. 
 And offspring keen of wolves and dogs? 
 
 Why [tell] 
 What battles wage the dastard harts ? In 
 
 sooth. 
 Before them all is marked the rage of 
 
 mares ; 
 And Venus e'en herself the soul inspired 
 That time, wherein his Potnian mares four- 
 yoked _ 370 
 Devoured the limbs of Glaucus with their 
 
 jaws. 
 
 353. " Or, as two boars, whom love to battle draws. 
 
 With rising bristles and with frothy jaws. 
 
 Their adverse breasts with tusks oblique they 
 
 wound ; 
 With grunts and groans the forest rings around." 
 Dryden, Palavton and Arcite, 814-17. 
 
 364. " Speake, fate-crosse lord ! 
 
 Iflife retaine his seat within you, speake ! 
 Else like that Sestian dame, that saw her love 
 Cast by the frowning billowes on the sands. 
 And leane death, swolne big with the Hellespont, 
 In bleake Leander's body, — like his love. 
 Come I to thee : one grave shall serve us both." 
 Marston, htsatiate Countesse, iii. 3. 
 
V. 269—290. 
 
 600K III. 
 
 V. 391—319. 
 
 61 
 
 These passion lures across Gargarean 
 
 heights, 
 And cross Ascanius booming ; mountains 
 
 they 
 O'erpass, and over rivers swim. And 
 
 straight, 
 When 'neath their eager marrows is applied 
 The flame — in spring the rather, since in 
 
 spring 
 The ardor to their bones returns — they all, 
 With face turned toward the Zephyr, take 
 
 their stand 
 On lofty crags, and snuff the subtile gales ; 
 And oft, without embracements any, by 
 
 the wind 
 Impregnate — wondrous to be told — thro' 
 
 rocks, 381 
 
 And cliffs, and sunken dales, they scattered 
 
 fly; 
 Not, Eui-us, to thy risings, nor the sun's, — 
 Towards Boreas and Caurus, or [the clime], 
 Whence Auster is in deepest sable bom. 
 And glooms the welkin with his rainy chill. 
 Hereon at length, what by a truthful name 
 "Hippomanes" the shepherds call, drips 
 
 down 
 A clammy poison from the groin — hippo- 
 manes — 
 Which many a time have felon step-dames 
 
 culled, 
 And mingled drugs, and not unharmful 
 
 spells. 390 
 
 But flies meanwhile, flies past recovery, 
 
 time. 
 While round each [theme], by love [there- 
 of] entranced, 
 We sail along. Be this enough for herds : 
 Remains the second portion of our task — 
 To treat of woolly flocks and shaggy goats. 
 Be this your toil ; hence hope ye for renown. 
 Brave swains. Nor am I doubtful in my 
 
 mind. 
 How vast it is to master these with words. 
 And add this dignity to petty [themes]. 400 
 
 385. " While through the damp air scowls the lour- 
 ing South, 
 
 Blackening the landscape's face, that grove and 
 hill 
 
 In formless vapours undistinguished swim." 
 
 T. War ton, Pleasures of Melancholy. 
 
 Armstrong, speaking of the climate of England 
 
 (//d-rt/M, b. i.),says: 
 
 " Steep'd in continual rain*;, or with raw fogs 
 Bedew'd, our seasons droop : incumbent still 
 A ponderous heaven o'erwnelms the sinking soul. 
 Labouring with storms, in heapy mountains rise 
 Th' embattled clouds, as if the Stygian shades 
 Had left the dungeon of eternal night, 
 Till black with thunder all the South descends." 
 
 391. " When we have chid the hasty-footed time." 
 Shakespeare, Midsummer Night's Dream, iii. a. 
 
 But me along Parnassus' lonely heights 
 Sweet love transports : it joys to pace its 
 
 peaks, 
 Where not a path of former [bards] is turned 
 Adown to Castalie with gentle slope. 
 
 Now, Pales worshipful, I now must sound 
 With lofty lip. Commencing, I decree 
 That sheep in downy cotes their grass should 
 
 crop, 
 Till leafy summer is anon restored ; 
 And that the flinty ground with plenteous 
 
 straw. 
 And bundles of the ferns, ye strew beneath, 
 Lest ice in chillness harm the tender flock. 
 And bring upon them mange, and foot-rot 
 foul. 412 
 
 Then, deviating hence, T you enjoin 
 To cater leafy arbutes for the goats. 
 And runnels fresh supply, and post their 
 
 sheds 
 Aloof from winds, afront the winter's sun. 
 Turned towards meridian day, what time 
 
 at length 
 Now chill Aquarius sets, and drops his dew 
 At the year's close. These also must by us 
 Be tended with no lighter pains ; nor less 
 Will prove their service ; tho' Milesian 
 wools 42 1 
 
 Are bartered at a heavy cost, when grained 
 With Tyrian crimsons. Hence [in] closer 
 
 [rank] 
 Their offspring, hence a store of plenteous 
 
 milk. 
 The more, — when drained the udder, — shall 
 
 have frothed 
 The milk-pail, merry rills the more shall 
 
 stream 
 From their squeezed paps. Nor less, mean- 
 while, the beards, 
 And chins befrosted, and the flaunting shag 
 Of the Cinyphian he-goat do they shear 
 For service of the camps, and covertures 
 For miserable seamen. But they feed 431 
 Upon the forests and Lycoeus' crests, 
 And bristly brambles and height-loving 
 
 brakes ; 
 And of themselves they mindful to the sheds 
 Return, and lead along their [kids], and 
 
 scarce 
 With weighty udder overpass the sill. 
 So with all zeal the frost and squalls of snow, 
 (The less they have the need of human care,) 
 
 430. " Beasts have more courtesy : they live about 
 
 me. 
 Offering their warm wool to the shearer's hand 
 To clothe me with." . . . . " Birds bow to me. 
 Striking their downy sails to do me service. 
 Their sweet airs ever echoing to mine honour. 
 And to my rest their plumy softs they send me." 
 F. Beaumont, Tkt Triuntfk 0/ Time, I. 
 
62 
 
 V. 320—347. 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V. 347—361. 
 
 Shalt thou ward off, and gladly bring their 
 
 food, 
 And provender of twig ; nor shalt thou shut 
 Thy hay-lofts all throughout the winter- 
 tide. 441 
 But still, at Zephyr's call, when gladsome 
 
 warmth 
 To glades and feeding-grounds shall either 
 
 flock 
 Despatch, with earliest star of Lucifer 
 The chilly paddocks let us tread, while morn 
 Is fresh, while silv'ry are the blades, and 
 
 dew 
 Upon the tender herbage to the flock 
 Is sweetest. Then, when hour the fourth 
 
 the drought 
 Of heav'n hath gathered up, and with their 
 
 chirp 
 The plaintful cicads shall the vine-trees 
 rend, 45° 
 
 At wells, or deepsome pools, bid thou thy 
 
 flocks 
 To drink the water, as it scampers on 
 In oaken conduits. But in noon-day heats 
 Seek out a shady dell, if anywhere , 
 The mighty oak of Jove with aged wood 
 Spread giant branches, or if anywhere. 
 In gloom with clust'ring holms, a grove 
 
 lies near 
 With holy shade : then [bid] to give again 
 The subtile waters, and again to feed 
 At setting of the sun, when chilly eve 460 
 Cools down the air, and now the dewy moon 
 The glades recruits, and shores are echoing 
 
 back 
 The halcyon, the thistle-finch the brakes. 
 "Why Libya's shepherds, why their feed- 
 ing-grounds. 
 Should I to thee in song describe at large. 
 Their kraals, too, peopled, with their scat- 
 tered roofs ? 
 Oft day and night, and for a month entire 
 In order, feeds the herd, and wends its way 
 To distant deserts with no hostry-homes ; 
 So vast a stretch of plain there lies. His all 
 The Afric herdsman with him drives, — both 
 tent, 471 
 
 And Lar, and arms, and Amyclaean hound. 
 And Cretan c^uiver ; no wise else than doth 
 The mettled Roman in his father's arms, 
 When under his unrighteous burden he 
 
 463. Dryden, elegantly translating Chaucer, says 
 
 of the goldfinch : 
 
 " A goldfinch there I saw with gaudy pride 
 
 Of painted plumes, that hopped from side to side. 
 Still pecking as she passed, and still she drew 
 The sweets from every flower, and sucked the 
 
 dew ; 
 Sufficed at length, she warbled in her throat, 
 And tuned her voice to many a merry note." 
 
 Flower and Leaf , 106-111. 
 
 Pursues the route, and in the foeman's face, 
 Ere he is looked for, while the camp is 
 
 pitched, 
 Stands in battalion. But not so, where 
 
 [lie] 
 The hordes of Scythia, and Moeotis' wave. 
 And muddy Ister, whirling round its sands 
 Of amber, and where Rhodope returns, 481 
 Outstretched beneath the centre of the pole. 
 There, prisoned in the stalls they keep the 
 
 herds ; 
 Nor any grass or on the field appears, 
 Or leaves upon the tree ; but shapeless lies 
 In snow-drifts, and in ice profound, the 
 
 earth 
 Far- wide,, and towers up to seven ells : 
 Aye winter, aye the Cauri blasting chills. 
 Then ne'er the Sun disperses blanching 
 
 shades, 
 Nor when, upon his coursers borne, he 
 
 mounts 490 
 
 The lofty firmament, nor when he bathes 
 His headlong car in Ocean's ruddy plain. 
 Its [icy] casings curdle in a trice 
 Upon the running stream, and now the wave 
 Upon its chine upholds the ironed wheels. 
 
 489. This is, of course, not true. Dryden beau- 
 tifully describes the joy felt by the natives of the.se 
 northerly regions at the approach of their summer, 
 such as it is : 
 
 " In those cold regions where no summers cheer. 
 Where brooding darkness covers half the year. 
 To hollow caves the shivering natives go ; 
 Bears range abroad, and hunt in tracks of snow : 
 But when the tedious twilight wears away, 
 And stars grow paler at the approach of day, 
 The longing crowds to frozen mountains run ; 
 Happy who first can see the glimmering sun." 
 Prologue to his Royal Highness. 
 
 495. " When hoary Thames, with frosted osiers 
 
 crown'd, 
 Was three long years in icy fetters bound, 
 The waterman, forlorn along the shore. 
 Pensive reclines upon his useless oar. 
 Sees harness'd steeds desert the stony town, 
 And wander roads unstable, not their own ; 
 Wheels o'er the harden'd waters smoothly glide, 
 And rase with whiten'd tracks the slippery tide." 
 Gay, Trivia, ii. 359-66. 
 
 Thomson has a fine description of Frost in his 
 
 Winter, 713, &c. : 
 
 "What art thou. Frost? And whence are thy 
 keen stores 
 Derived, thou secret, all-invading power, 
 Whom even th' illusive fluid cannot fly ? 
 Is not thy potent energ}^, unseen. 
 Myriads of little salt.s,or hook'd, or shaped 
 Like double wedges, and diffused immense 
 Through water, earth, and ether ? Hence at eve 
 Steam'd eager from the red horizon round. 
 With the fierce rage of Winter deep-suffused 
 An icy gale, oft shifting, o'er the pool 
 Breathes a blue film, and in its mid career 
 Arrests the bickering stream. The Ioosen"d ice. 
 Let down the flood and half dissolved by day, 
 Rustics no more ; but to the sedgy bank 
 
V- 36a— 379. 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 V. 380 — 398. 
 
 63 
 
 That [wave] to vessels erst^ to spreading 
 
 wains 
 NiTio hostess ; and the bronzes through the 
 
 land 
 Asunder start, and stiffen garbs when 
 
 donned, 
 And with their hatchets hew they fluid 
 
 wines. 
 And throughly into massive ice the pools 
 Have turned, and ice-drop on their beards 
 
 untrimmed 501 
 
 Hath grisly caked. Meanwhile throughout 
 
 the air 
 No otherwise it snows ; die cattle ; stand 
 Enveloped in the rime the bulky frames 
 Of oxen, and in huddled troop the harts 
 Are palsied in the new [ly fallen] mass. 
 And scarce with antler tips above it rise. 
 These not with hounds slipped on, nor any 
 
 toils. 
 Or frighted by the cord of crimson plume, 
 They chase ; but while to purpose none 
 
 they push 510 
 
 The mountain, set a barrier, with their 
 
 chest. 
 In conflict close they stab them with the 
 
 steel, 
 And kill them as they deeply bray, and 
 
 blithe 
 With lusty shouting bring them home. 
 
 Themselves 
 In low-delved caverns fleet away their hours 
 Of leisure underneath the depth of earth. 
 And piles of oak, and elms entire, have 
 
 rolled 
 Upon their hearths, and giv'n them to the 
 
 flame. 
 Here night they'spend in frolic, and in glee 
 
 Fast grows, or gathers round the pointed stone, 
 A crystal pavement, by the breath of heaven 
 Cemented firm ; till, seized from shore to shore. 
 The whole imprison'd river growls below." &c. 
 
 502. Does not Virgil seem to be describing the 
 usual state of things in these northern regions ? 
 And if so, can Heyne's rendering of novd by inso- 
 lente be sustained? It seems far better, with the 
 learned critic quoted by Wagner, to refer it to a 
 sudden, heavy fall of snow, — perhaps the first in 
 the season. 
 
 517. " 'Tis late and cold ; stir up the fire ; 
 Sit close and draw the table nigher ; 
 Be merry, and drink wine that's old, 
 A hearty medicine 'gainst a cold ; 
 Your beds of wanton down the best, 
 Where you shall tumble to your rest." 
 J. Fletcher, The Lover's Progress, iii. 5. 
 
 519. Ducunt, they spend ; or, eke. The whole 
 passage is imitated happily, yet not without ideas of 
 his own, by Thomson, Winter, 809, &c. : 
 
 " Yet there life glows ; 
 Yet cherish'd there, beneath the shining waste. 
 The furry nations harbour : tipp'd with jet. 
 Fair ermines, spotless as the snows they press ; 
 
 The viny goblets with fermented wort, 520 
 And service-berries tart, they copy. Such 
 A reinless race of mortals, laid Inineath 
 The Hyperborean Wain, is buffeted 
 By the Rhipaian eastern blast, and wrapt 
 With tawny shag of cattle o'er their frames. 
 
 If wool should be of interest to thee, 
 First let the prickly thicket, and the burs, 
 And caltrops be away ; shun pastures rank ; 
 And from the very first do thou cull out 
 The flocks, with wools of velvet white. 
 
 But him, 530 
 
 Though he may be a ram e'en lustrous-fair, 
 Beneath whose palate moist a sable tongue 
 But lurks, refuse, lest he with dingy spots 
 Should dusk the fleeces of the [newly] bom ; 
 And in the circuit of the teemful plain 
 Look out another. Thus, with snowy boon 
 Of wool (if it be worthy of belief) 
 Did Pan, the god of Arcady, beguile 
 Thee, duped, O Luna ; to the deepsome 
 
 groves 
 Thee wooing ; nor didst thou the wooer 
 
 scorn. 540 
 
 But let [the swain] whose passion is for 
 
 milk. 
 The cytisus, and plenteous melilot. 
 And salted herbs, himself, with his own 
 
 hand. 
 Bear to the cribs. Hence both they love 
 
 the more 
 The rivers, and the more their udders 
 
 stretch. 
 And in the milk the covert taste of salt 
 Repeat they. Many [farmers] keep aloof 
 
 Sables, of glossy black ; and, dark-erabrown'd. 
 Or beauteous freak'd with many a mingled hue. 
 Thousands besides, the costly pride of courts. 
 There, warm together press'd, the trooping deer' ^ 
 Sleep on the new-falf'n snows ; and, scarce his 
 
 head 
 Raised o'er the heapy wreath, the branching elk 
 Lies slumbering sullen in the deep abyss. 
 The ruthless hunter wants nor dogs nor toils. 
 Nor with the dread of sounding bows he drives 
 The fearful flying race ; with ponderous clubs. 
 As weak against the mountain-heaps they push 
 Their beating breast in vain, and piteous bray. 
 He lays them quivering on th' ensanguined snows. 
 And with loud shouts rejoicing bears them home." 
 Their wintry life he describes differently ; Libfrty, 
 iii. 523-32 : 
 
 " But, cold-compress'd, when the whole loaded 
 heaven 
 Descends in snow, lost in one white abrupt. 
 Lies undistinguish'd earth ; and, seized bv frost. 
 Lakes, headlong streams, and floods, and oceans 
 
 sleep. 
 Yet there life glows : the furry millions there 
 Deep dig their dens beneath the sheltering snows ; 
 And there a race of men prolific swarms, 
 To various pain, to little pleasure, u^cd ; ^ 
 On whom, keen-parching, beat Rhipaean winds ; 
 
 Hard like their soil, and like their climate fierce.' 
 
64 
 
 V. 398—423. 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V. 423—443. 
 
 The kidlings, from their mothers now di- 
 vorced, 
 And fasten in the front their infant moiiths 
 With muzzles spiked with steel. What 
 
 they have milked 550 
 
 At rising day, and in the daily hom-s, 
 At night they press ; what now at shades 
 
 [of eve], 
 And as the sun is setting, towards the dawn 
 They carry forth in baskets, — to the towns 
 The shepherd trudges, — or with scanty salt 
 They season, and for winter store it up. 
 Nor should with thee the care of dogs be 
 
 last, 
 But with [the others] Sparta's nimble pups, 
 And mettled [mastiff] of Molossus, feed 
 On fatt'ning whey. Ne'er, — these thy 
 
 sentinels, — 560 
 
 Shalt thou the nightly robber for thy stalls, 
 And inroads of the wolves, or from the rear 
 Unquieted Iberians, dread. Oft, too. 
 The shy wild asses thou in chase shalt drive, 
 And hunt with hounds the hare, with hounds 
 
 the deer. 
 Oft, routed from their forest wallowing- 
 
 haunts, 
 Wild boars, pursuing with their bay, shalt 
 
 thou 
 Discomfit, and thro' lofty mountains force 
 The giant hart with shouting to the toils. 
 
 Learn also scented cedar in the stalls 570 
 To burn, and with galbanean fume to chase 
 The fell chelydri. Many a time beneath 
 The cribs unstirred, or, baleful to be 
 
 touched. 
 Hath adder skulked, and fled alarmed from 
 
 heaven ; 
 Or snake, beneath the shelter and the shade 
 Inured to creep, — the bitter plague of 
 
 kine, — 
 And on the cattle to bespirt his bane. 
 Hath hugged the ground. Take stones in 
 
 hand, take clubs, 
 O shepherd, and as he uplifts his crests. 
 And hissing necks is swelling, strike him 
 
 down. 580 
 
 And now in flight his craven head he deep 
 Hath buried, when his central folds, and 
 
 train 
 
 582. " On his rear, 
 
 Circular base of rising folds, that tower'd 
 Fold above fold, a surging maze ! His head 
 Crested aloft, and carbuncle his eyes ; 
 With burnish'd neck of verdant gold, erect 
 Amid his circling spires, that on the grass 
 Floated redundant." 
 
 Milton, Par. Lost, b. ix. 
 And J. Philips, in imitation of Milton : 
 
 " And as a snake, when first the rosy hours 
 Shed vernal sweets o'er every vale and mead, 
 Rolls tardy from his cell obscure and dank ; 
 
 Of his remotest tail are paralysed, 
 And trails its flagging coils the farthest ring. 
 There is, moreover, in Calabrian lawns 
 That baleful serpent, rolling up his chine, 
 Scale-clad, with chest uplifted, and with 
 
 spots 
 Enormous speckled o'er his lengthful 
 
 paunch ; 
 Who, while are gushing any streams from 
 
 founts, 
 And while the lands are dank with moisty 
 
 spring 590 
 
 And rainy Austers, haunts the standing 
 
 pools ; 
 And, chamb'ring by the banks, here gluts 
 
 the felon 
 His jetty maw with fish and croaking frogs. 
 When once dried up the fen, and with the 
 
 heat 
 The lands are yawning wide, he sallies 
 
 forth 
 Upon dry ground, and, rolling eyes ablaze, 
 He rages through the fields, both fierce 
 
 from thirst. 
 And frenzied by the heat. May it not prove 
 My pleasure then beneath the cope of heaven 
 To snatch soft slumbers, nor upon a ridge 
 Of woodland to have lain along the grass, 
 When fresh from casted slough, and bright 
 
 with youth, 602 
 
 He rolls, forsaking either young or eggs 
 Within his shroud, uplifted to the sun. 
 And quivers in his mouth with trifid tongue. 
 
 Of their diseases, also, I will thee 
 The springs and symptoms teach. Offensive 
 
 mange 
 Assails the sheep, what time the chilly 
 
 shower 
 Hath settled to the quick too deeply down, 
 And winter, crispy with its silver ice ; 610 
 
 But when by genial rays of summer sun 
 Purged of his slough, he nimbler thrids the brake. 
 Whetting his sting, his crested head he rears 
 Terrific, from each eye retort he shoots 
 Ensanguined rays, the distant swains admire 
 His various neck and spires bedropp'd with gold." 
 Cerealia. 
 
 585. See a grand paraphrase on the description 
 of Leviathan by Dr. Young, whij:h is too long to 
 quote. 
 
 602. "Casted;" or, if Shakespeare's grammar is 
 at fault : 
 
 "When fresh from his cast slough." 
 So Spenser, Faerie Qiteene, iv. 3, 23 : 
 " Some new-borne wight ye would him surely 
 weene ; 
 So fresh he seemed and so fierce in sight ; 
 Like as a snake, whom wearie winters teene 
 Hath worne to nought, now feeling sommers 
 
 might 
 Casts off his ragged skin, and freshly doth him 
 dight." 
 
V. 443—475. 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 w. 476— 49«. 
 
 Or when, on being sheared, unwashed hath 
 
 clun<^ 
 The sweat, and prickly briers gashed their 
 
 frames. 
 In the sweet rivers, therefore, all the flock 
 The masters drench, and with a reeking 
 
 fleece 
 The ram is in the eddy plunged, and, 
 
 launched 
 Upon the fav'ring current, down he floats ; 
 Or, [when 'tis] shorn, with bitter olive-lees 
 They smear the frame, and scum of silver 
 
 blend, 
 And living sulphurs, and Idaean pitch. 
 And bees-wax rich in oiliness, and squill, 
 And noisome hellebore, and black asphalt. 
 No happy turn, however, to their woes 622 
 Comes more immediate than if any [swain] 
 With steel could open lay the ulcer-head. 
 The plague is fostered, and by being veiled 
 It thrives, the while the shepherd to the 
 
 wounds 
 His healing hands refuses to apply, 
 Or sits him down, demanding of the gods 
 More favorable omens. Further, too, 
 When, stealing to the bleaters' inmost 
 
 bones, 630 
 
 Tlie anguish rages, and upon their limbs 
 The parching fever preys, it hath bestead 
 The kindled inflammations to expel, 
 And 'tween the lowest [surfaces] of hoof 
 To stab the vein that pulses with the blood : 
 In fashion wherewithal Bisalts are wont. 
 And mettlesome Gelonian, when he hies 
 To Rhodope and to the Getae's wastes. 
 And curded milk with horse's blood he 
 
 swills. 
 [The ewe,] which far thou may est have 
 
 remarked, 640 
 
 Or ofter 'neath the mellow shade to creep. 
 Or nibbling tips of grass more listlessly. 
 And last to follow, or amid the plain 
 To lay her down when grazing, and alone 
 Yielding to night advanced, at once with 
 
 knife 
 The plague arrest, ere dread contagion steal 
 Among the wareless crowd. Not, bringing 
 
 storm, 
 So frequent swoops the whirlwind from the 
 
 main. 
 As many be the maladies of flocks. 
 Nor single subjects do diseases clutch ; 650 
 But summer-pastures, wholly, in a trice. 
 Both hope and herd at once, ay, all the race 
 From its beginning. [This,] then, might 
 
 he know, 
 If any one the welkin-mounting Alps, 
 And Norian fortresses upon the hills, 
 And lapydian Timavus' fields. 
 
 I Now e'en thereafter in so long a time 
 Should witness, and the shepherds realms 
 
 forlorn. 
 And lawns unpeopled in their length ami 
 
 breadth. 
 Here erst from [some] distemper of the 
 
 air 660 
 
 A piteous season rose, and with full heat 
 Of autumn glo*ved, and all the race of flocks 
 To death delivered over, all [the race] 
 Of savage beasts ; and lakes it putrified ; 
 The feeding-grounds with pestilence it 
 
 baned. 
 Nor single was the path of death ; but when 
 The fiery thirst, thro' all the arteries forced, 
 Had shrivelled up their wretched limbs, 
 
 again 
 O'erflowed a liquid gleet, and all the bones, 
 Little by little sinking thro' the plague 670 
 In ruins, to its substance it reduced. 
 Ofttimes, amid the worship of the gods, 
 The victim, standing at the altar, whilst 
 The woollen fillet with the snowy band 
 Is twined, among the falt'ring ministers 
 Sank dying down. Or if the priest had first 
 Slain any with the steel, thence neither 
 
 blaze 
 The altars with the entrails laid thereon, 
 Nor answers can the questioned seer return; 
 And scarce the knives, beneath [the gullet] 
 
 plunged, 6S0 
 
 660. " Thirst, giddiness, faintness, and putrid 
 heats, 
 
 And pining pains, and shivering sweats, 
 On all the cattle, all the beasts did fall ; 
 With deform'd death the country's cover'd all. 
 The labouring ox drops down before the plough ; 
 The crowned victims, to the altar led, 
 Sink, and prevent the lit'ted blow ; 
 The generous horse from the full manger turns his 
 head. 
 
 Does his loved floods and pastures scorn, 
 Hates the shrill trumpet and the horn ; . . . 
 The starving sheep refuse to feed, 
 They bleat the r innocent souls out into air ; 
 The faithful dogs l;e gasping by them there ; 
 The astonished shepherd weeps, and breaks his 
 
 tuneful reed." Cowley, Plagues of EgyJ>t. 
 
 663. " The plague, that in some folded cloud 
 
 remains, 
 The bright sun soon dispcrseth ; but observe, 
 When black infection in some dungh 11 lies, 
 There's work for bells and graves, if it do rise." 
 Webster, Appius and Virginia, iii. 2. 
 
 676. Though under very different circumstances, 
 Spenser finely describes the fall of the victim ; 
 P aerie Queene, iii. 4, 17 : 
 " Like as the sacred oxe that carclesse stands 
 With gilden homes, and tlowry girlonds cruwnd, 
 Prmd of his dying honor and dcarc bandes, 
 Whiles th' altars fume with frankincense arownd 
 All suddcinly with mortall stroke astownd 
 Doth grovchng fall, and with his streaming gore 
 Distaincs the pillours and the holy grownd, 
 And the faire rtowrcs that decked hun afore." 
 
 F 
 
66 
 
 V. 492 — 521. 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V. 521 — 530. 
 
 Are dyed with blood, and with a meagre 
 
 gore 
 The surface-sand bedarkened. Hence the 
 
 calves 
 In every quarter die 'mid fertile grass, 
 And cherished lives at brimful cribs resign. 
 Hence on caressing dogs a madness comes, 
 And shatters sickly swine a wheezing cough. 
 And suffocates them with their quinzied 
 
 jaws. 
 Down falls, no harvest reaping of his tasks, 
 And mindless of his browse, the conq'ring 
 
 steed. 
 And at the springs recoils, and with his 
 
 hoof 
 Stamps earth in frequent blows ; his ears 
 
 are sunk ; 691 
 
 There, too, an intermittent sweat, and that. 
 In sooth, to those in death's embrace dead- 
 cold ; 
 The skin is parched, and at the touch [the 
 
 palm] 
 That handles callous it withstands. These 
 
 marks 
 In the first days ere death do they present. 
 But if, while in its progress, the disease 
 Begins to rankle, then in sooth the eyes 
 Are in a blaze, and from a depth is heaved 
 The breath, at times encumbered by a 
 
 groan ; 700 
 
 And stretch with long [-drawn] sob their 
 
 lowest flanks. 
 And presses leaguered jaws a furry tongue. 
 Through horn inserted 'twas of some avail 
 To pour Lensean drenches in : that seemed 
 The only safety for the dying [steeds]. 
 Anon this very [act] their ruin proved, 
 And, reinforced, with madness did they 
 
 burn. 
 And e'en themselves, now just in throes of 
 
 death, 
 (The gods vouchsafe the holy better [fates]. 
 And to their foes that frenzy !) piecemeal 
 
 rent 710 
 
 Their mangled members with their naked 
 
 teeth. 
 But lo ! while smoking 'neath the galling 
 
 share, 
 Down sinks the bull, and gore commixed 
 
 with froth 
 Spews from his mouth, and heaves his latest 
 
 groans. 
 Sad goes the ploughman, loosing from the 
 
 yoke 
 The bullock mourning at a brother's death, 
 And in the middle of his toil deep-firmed 
 He leaves the ploughs. No shades of 
 
 stately groves. 
 No velvet meads, are able to arouse 
 
 His soul ; not stream, which, tumbled o'er 
 
 the rocks, 720 
 
 More crystalline than amber seeks the plain; 
 But flaggy have become his deepest flanks. 
 And dulness whelms his listless eyes, and 
 
 droops 
 To earth with downward load his neck. 
 
 What boot 
 His travail or his deeds of kindness ? What 
 With share to have upturned the heavy 
 
 lands ? 
 And yet to them not Bacchus' Massic gifts, 
 Nor banquets in removes have proved of 
 
 harm. 
 On leaves and diet of the simple grass 
 They feed ; their draughts are crystal 
 
 springs, and rills 730 
 
 Chafed in their flow ; nor doth unrest break 
 
 off 
 
 720. "The bubbling spring which trips upon the 
 stones.'* Drayton, Rosavioiid to Henry. 
 
 731. The idea in exercita ciirsu is beautifully 
 
 handled by Addison in his Cato, end of ist Act : 
 
 " So the pure limpid stream, when foul with stains 
 Of rushing torrents and descending rains, 
 Works itself clear, and as it runs, refines ; 
 Till, by degrees, the floating mirror shines. 
 Reflects each flower that on the border grows, 
 And a new heaven in its fair bosom shows." 
 Dryden applies it figuratively, to illustrate the 
 
 purification of the heart : 
 
 " And that so little, that the river ran 
 
 More clear than the corrupted fount began. 
 Nothing remain'd of the first muddy clay ; 
 The length of course had wash'd it in its way ; 
 So deep, and yet so clear, we might behold 
 The gravel bottom, and that gravel gold." 
 Elegy on the Death of a very young Gentleman. 
 Poctda snnt fo7ites liquidi ; so Milton makes the 
 
 chorus say of Samson : 
 
 " Whose drink was only from the liquid brook." 
 Sir R. Blackmore says the same of the shepherd ; 
 
 Creation, b. iv. : 
 
 " Behold the shepherd, see th' industrious swain. 
 Who ploughs the field, or reaps the ripen'd grain. 
 How mean, and yet how tasteful is their fare ! 
 How sweet their sleep ! their souls how free from 
 
 care! 
 They drink the streaming crystal, and escape 
 Th' inflaming juices of the purple grape." 
 Shakespeare represents Brutus saying to his 
 
 servant : 
 
 " Boy ! Lucius ! Fast asleep? It is no matter ; 
 Enjoy the honey-heavy dew of slumber : 
 Thou hast no figures, nor no fantasies. 
 Which busy care draws in the brains of men : 
 Therefore thou sleep'st so sound." 
 
 Jnlitis Cccsar, ii. i. 
 And more at large in 2 Henry IV., iii. i, where 
 
 the King says : 
 
 " How many thousands of my poorest subjects 
 Are at this hour asleep ! — Sleep, gentle sleep ! 
 Nature's soft nurse ! how have I frighted thee. 
 That thou no more wilt weigh my eye-lids down, 
 And steep my senses in forgetfulness ? 
 Why rather, sleep, liest thou in smoky cribs, 
 Upon uneasy pallets stretching thee, 
 
▼. 5S0— 537. 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 ▼. 537—562. 
 
 Their healthful slumbers. At no other time 
 They tell that in those districts kine were 
 
 sought 
 For Juno's holy rites, and by wild beeves, 
 Ill-fellowed, to her stately treasure-domes 
 The chariots were conveyed. Yox this it is 
 With much ado with hoes they chink the 
 
 earth. 
 And with their very nails dig in the corn, 
 And thro' the lofty mounts with strainM 
 
 neck 
 The creaking waggons drag. No wolf seeks 
 
 out 740 
 
 And hush'd with buzzing night-flies to thy slumber; 
 
 Than in the pcrfum'd chambers of the great. 
 
 Under the canopies of costly state, 
 
 And luU'd with sounds of sweetest melody ? 
 
 O thou dull god, why liest thou with the vile 
 
 In loathsome beds ; and leav'st the kingly couch, 
 
 A watch-case, or a common 'larum-bell if 
 
 Wilt thou upon the high and giddy mast 
 
 Seal up the ship-boy's eyes, and rock his brains 
 
 In cradle of the rude imperious surge. 
 
 And in the visitation of the winds. 
 
 Who take the ruffian billows by the top. 
 
 Curling their monstrous heads, and hanging them 
 
 Witli deafning clamours in the slippery clouds. 
 
 That, with the hurly, death itself awakes — 
 
 Can'st thou, O partial sleep ! give thy repose 
 
 To the wet sea-boy in an hour so rude ; 
 
 And, in the calmest and most stillest night, 
 
 With all appliances and means to boot, 
 
 Deny it to a king ? Then, happy low, lie down ! 
 
 Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown." 
 
 Yet he does sleep ; and as the Prince watches 
 
 by him, the latter exclaims : 
 
 " Why doth the crown lie there upon his pillow. 
 Being so troublesome a bedfellow ? 
 O polished perturbation ! golden care ! 
 That keep'st the ports of slumber open wide 
 To many a watchful night ! — sleep with it now ! 
 Yet not so sound, and half so deeply sweet. 
 As he, whose brow, with homely biggin bound. 
 Snores out the watch of night." Act iv. 4. 
 
 Sir Richard Blackmore, too ; Creation, b. iv. : 
 
 " Familiar horrors haunt the monarch's head. 
 And thoughts, ill-boding, from the downy bed 
 Chase gentle sleep ; black cares the soul infest, 
 And broider'd stars adorn a troubled breast," 
 
 " Morpheus ! the humble god that dwells 
 In cottages and smoky cells. 
 Hates gilded roofs and beds of down. 
 And, though he fears no prince's frown, 
 Flies from the circle of a crown." 
 
 Sir John Denham, Song. 
 Young's lines are well known : 
 
 " Tired Nature's sweet restorer, balmy Sleep ! 
 He like the world, his ready visit pays 
 Where Fortune smiles ; the wretched he for- 
 
 ^kes; 
 Swift on his downy pinion flies from woe, 
 And lights on lids unsullied with a tear." ^ 
 
 The Complaint, Night i. 1-5. 
 
 " No frowning care yon bless'd apartment sees, 
 There sleep retires, and finds a couch of ease. 
 Kind dreams, that fly remorse, and pamper'd 
 
 wealth. 
 There shed the smiles of innocence and health." 
 Savage, Wanderer, c. i. 
 
 67 
 
 i A place of ambushment around the folds, 
 I Nor does he prowl al)out the herds by night : 
 j A fiercer pang sulxlues him. Craven deer 
 And flying harts now both among the 
 
 hounds. 
 And round the homesteads wander. Now 
 ! the brood 
 
 I Of the illimitable sea, and all the tribe 
 I Of swimming [creatures] on the farthest 
 j strand, 
 
 Like shipwrecked corses, washes up the 
 
 wave ; 
 Against their wont to rivers fly the seals ; 
 And dies, within his winding-shroud en- 
 sconced 750 
 In vain, the adder, and with scales erect 
 The thunder-stricken hydri. E'en to birds 
 Unrighteous is the air, and, headlong fallen, 
 Beneath the lofty cloud their life they leave. 
 Moreo'er, nor now avails it that their food 
 Is changed, and sought prescriptions harm : 
 
 the chiefs 
 Have yielded, — Chiron son of Phillyra, 
 Melampus, too, of Amythaon sprung. 
 Storms wan Tisiphone, and, into light 
 Let loose from Stygian murk, before her 
 
 drives 760 
 
 Diseases and Affright ; and, day by day 
 Uprising higher, she her rav'nous head 
 Advances. With the bleating of the flocks. 
 And frequent bellowings, streams, and 
 
 withered banks. 
 And sloping hills, resound. And now by 
 
 troops 
 She havoc deals, and in the very stalls 
 Piles corses, melted with the loathsome 
 
 bane ; 
 Till in the earth to hide them, and in pits 
 To hearse, they learn. For neither in the 
 
 hides 
 Was service, nor the flesh can any [swain] 
 Or cleanse in waters, or with flame o'er- 
 
 come. 771 
 
 Nor e'en to shear the fleeces, cankered 
 
 through 
 With pestilence and foulness, nor to touch 
 
 75^. J. Philips uses similar expressions in de- 
 scribmg the death of birds from a different cause : 
 
 " Sulphureous death 
 Checks their mid flight, and heedless while they 
 
 strain 
 Their tuneful throats, the towering heavy lead 
 O'ertakes their speed : they leave their httle lives 
 Above the clouds, precipitant to earth." 
 
 OdtTf b. ii. 
 
 771. "With flame o'ercome," /. e., cook them. 
 For, upon the whole, the view presented in the 
 version .seems to be the most consistent. They 
 burned the carcases entire ; as there was no worth 
 in their hides, their flesh, or their fleece. 
 
 K ; 
 
68 
 
 V. 562—565. 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V. 565—566. 
 
 The mould'ring woof, have they the pow'r. '■ Thereafter long, when, as he pauses still, 
 Nay e'en I His tainted joints the sacred fire would eat. 
 
 If any had the loathsome garbs essayed, 
 
 Inflammatory blains and filthy sweat _ | ^^g. « As he pauses ;" i. e., to throw off the in- 
 His letid limbs pursued ; nor was the time : fected dress. 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 Next the ethereal honey's heav'nly boons 
 Will I pursue : this portion, too, do thou 
 Regard, Maecenas. Shows of pigmy things, 
 That claim thy wonder, — both the high- 
 
 souled chiefs. 
 And habits, and pursuits, and clans, and 
 
 wars, 
 Of a whole nation will I duly sing. 
 Upon a petty [theme] the travail, yet 
 Not petty the renown, if adverse gods 
 Permit one, and invoked Apollo hears. 
 
 In the first place, a resting-spot and post 
 Must for thy bees be sought, whereto may 
 
 lie II 
 
 Nor inlet for the winds, (for winds prevent 
 Their bringing home their forage,) nor may 
 
 sheep 
 And butting kidlings trample on the flowers, 
 Nor heifer, as she wanders thro' the plain, 
 Shake down the dew, and bruise the spring- 
 ing blades. 
 And, speckled o'er their scale-encrusted 
 
 backs. 
 Be lizards far aloof from thy rich cotes. 
 And Meropes, and other birds, and Procne, 
 Upon her bosom scored with hands of 
 
 blood. 20 
 
 Line 1. " But when 
 
 He does describe the commonwealth of bees, 
 Their industry, and knowledge of the herbs 
 From which they gather honey, with their care 
 To place it with decorum in the hive, 
 Their government among themselves, their order 
 In going forth and coming loaden home, 
 Their obedience to their king, and his rewards 
 To such as labour, with his punishments, 
 Only inflicted on the slothful drone ; — 
 I'm ravished with it." 
 
 J. Fletcher, The Elder Brother, 1. 2. 
 
 3. Or, perhaps : 
 
 " The drama of a pigmy commonwealth." 
 
 7. Verses 6 and 7 are imitated by Pope in the 
 opening of his inimitable mock heroic, the RaJ>e of 
 the Lock : 
 
 " What dire offence from amorous causes springs, 
 What mighty contests rise from trivial things, 
 I sing. — This verse to Caryl, Muse ! is due : 
 This, even Belinda, may vouchsafe to view : 
 , Slight is the subject, but not so the praise, 
 Jf she inspire, and he approve my lays." 
 
 For all they widely waste, and e'en [the 
 
 bees], 
 While flying, in their mouth they bear away, 
 Delicious diet for their ruthless nests. 
 But crystal springs, and plashes green with 
 
 moss, 
 Be nigh at hand, and, scamp'ring thro' the 
 
 grass, 
 A shallow rivulet ; and let the palm, 
 ( h- oleaster huge, the outer court 
 O'ershade, that, when the new [ly-issued] 
 
 kings 
 Shall lead the earliest swarms in spring 
 
 their own. 
 And, sallied from the combs, the youth 
 
 disport, 30 
 
 A neighb'ring bank may woo them to give 
 
 way 
 Before the heat, and in their path a tree 
 Harbor them 'neath its hostelries of leaf. 
 Into the middle, whether still shall stand 
 The water, or it shall career along. 
 Fling willows slant and bulky stones, that 
 
 they 
 On frequent bridges may have pow'r to 
 
 light. 
 And spread their pinions to the summer 
 
 sun. 
 If haply headlong Eurus shall have sprent 
 The loiterers, or plunged them in the flood. 
 Round these let em'rald casias, and wild 
 
 thymes, 41 
 
 Their perfume shedding far and near, and 
 
 store 
 Of savory, [its scent] strong breathing, 
 
 bloom. 
 And beds of violet drink the wat'ring spring. , 
 But let the hives themselves, should they 
 
 for thee 
 Or of the hollow bark be stitched, or plight 
 Of limber twig, have narrow avenues ; 
 For winter candies honey with its cold, 
 
 22. So Thomson, Spring, 675 : 
 
 " Away they fly. 
 Affectionate, and undesiring bear 
 The most delicious morsel to their young." 
 33. More literally : " leafy hostelries." 
 
V. 36—58. 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 V. 58—67. 
 
 69 
 
 Andheatdissolves the same, to fluid turned : 
 Each force for bees alike is to be feared. 50 
 Nor in their homes in vain with rivalry 
 The narrow vents with wax do they be- 
 smear, 
 And close the rims with fucus and with 
 
 flowers, 
 And, gathered for these very services, 
 A cement keep, more glutinous than e'en 
 The birdlime and the Phrygian Ida's pitch. 
 Yea oftentimes in excavated shrouds, 
 (If true is rumor,) underneath the earth 
 Their household have they hugged, and 
 
 deep 
 Been found both in the vaulted pumice- 
 rocks, 60 
 And grot of [some] heart-eaten tree. Do 
 
 thou. 
 However, both with glossy mud anoint 
 Their chinky chambers, warming them 
 
 around. 
 And throw across them thin [supplies of] 
 
 leaves. 
 Nor overnear their homes the yew allow. 
 Nor bum thy coral crabs upon the hearth, 
 Nor place reliance on the fen profound. 
 Or where the smell of mire is rank, or 
 
 where 
 
 The vaulted rocks with verberation ring. 
 
 And echo of the voice impinged rebounds. 
 
 For what remains, what time the golden 
 
 Sun 71 
 
 Hath chased the routed winter from the 
 
 lands. 
 And heav'n uncurtained with his summer- 
 light, 
 They straight the lawns and forests range; 
 
 and reap 
 Gay flow'rs, and sip the surface of the 
 
 brooks. 
 Light [-poised]. Hence, with what charm 
 
 I know not blithe. 
 Their offspring and their nests they cherish; 
 
 hence 
 With skill fresh wax elaborate, and mould 
 Their gluey honeys. Hence when now dis- 
 charged 
 
 53. "Fucus;" I.e., "propolis." 
 
 79. Milton has a very beautiful simile of bees 
 issumg from the hive on a fine day ; P. L., b. i. : 
 " As bees 
 In spring-time, when the Sun with Taurus rides. 
 Pour forth their populous youth about the hive 
 In clusters : they among fresh dews and flowers 
 Fly to and fro, or on the smoothed plank, 
 The suburb of their straw-built citadel, 
 New rubb'd with balm, expatiate and confer 
 Their state affairs." 
 
 Thomson is also highly successful ; S/rin^-, 508 : 
 
 From out their caverns to the start of 
 
 heaven, 80 
 
 A swarm above thee thou shalt have espied, 
 Floating throughout the crystal summer* 
 
 air, 
 And shalt in wonderment a darkling cloud 
 See warping on the wind, — obser\'e them 
 
 close ; 
 Sweet streams and leafy bow'rs they ever 
 
 seek. 
 Hither do thou the scents commanded strew, 
 Bruised balm, and honeywort's unnoble 
 
 herb ; 
 And tingling sounds awake, and rattle 
 
 round 
 The cymbals of the Mother. Of themselves 
 They on the seats bedrugged will settle 
 
 down ; 90 
 
 They of themselves within their inmost cots 
 
 Will bury them, in fashion [all] their own. 
 
 But if they shall have issued to the fight. 
 
 " Here their delicious task the fervent bees. 
 In swarming millions, tend : around, athwart. 
 Through the soft air, the busy nations fly, 
 Cling to the bud, and, with inserted tube. 
 Suck its pure essence, its ethereal soul ; 
 And oft, with bolder wing, they soaring dare 
 The purple heath, or where the wild thyme grows. 
 And yellow load them with the luscious spoil." 
 " Yet hark, how through the peopled air 
 The busy murmur glows ! 
 The insect youth are on the wing. 
 Eager to taste the honied spring. 
 
 And float amid the liquid noon : 
 Some lightly o'er the current skim. 
 Some show their gayly-gilded trim. 
 Quick-glancing to the sun." 
 
 Gray, Ode to Spring, 
 " Thick as the bees, that with the spring renew 
 Their flowery toils, and sip the fragrant dew. 
 When the wmg'd colonies first tempt the sky. 
 O'er dusky fields and shaded waters fly, 
 Or, settling, seize the sweets the blossoms yield, 
 And a low murmur runs along the field." 
 
 Pope, TtHtpU of Fame. 
 This and other passages in Virgil call to mind 
 Pope's beautiful description of the Sylphs in the 
 Rape of the Lock, c. ii. : 
 " Some to the sun their insect wings unfold. 
 Waft on the breeze, or sink in clouds of gold ; 
 Transparent forms, too fine for mortal sight, 
 Their fluid bodies half dissolved in light. 
 Loose to the wind their airy garments flew, 
 Thin glittering textures of the filmy dew. 
 Dipt in the richest tincture of the skies. 
 Where light disports in ever-mingling dyes ; 
 While every beam new transient colours flings, ^ 
 Colours that change whene'er they wave lhe:r 
 wings." 
 92. " So swarming bees that, on a summer's day 
 In airy rings and wild meanders play, 
 Charm'd with the brazen sound, their wanderings 
 
 end, ,j 
 
 And, gently circling, on a bough descend.' 
 
 Dr. Young, The Last Day, b. n. 
 03. Among the different modes of puncttiating 
 this fine, but irregularly constructed, passage, 
 
V. 67-85. 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V. 85 — Hi. 
 
 (For many a time on monarchs twain a feud 
 Hath stalked with mighty hubbub, and 
 
 forthwith 
 The spirits of the commons and their hearts 
 Throbbing for war, we may afar foreknow ; 
 For those that loiter does the warlike bray 
 Of grating bronze upbraid, and there is 
 
 heard 
 A sound, that apes the trumpet's broken 
 blasts :) * 100 
 
 Then in commotion they together flock, 
 And sparkle with their pinions, and their 
 
 stings 
 Point sharp upon their beaks, and fit their 
 
 thews, 
 And round the king, and at the very tent 
 Of their commander, muster they in crowds. 
 And challenge with their lusty cries the foe. 
 So, when they have secured a cloudless 
 
 spring, 
 And open plains, they sally from the gates ; 
 In heav'n on high 'tis battle ; booms a din ; 
 Huddled they cluster in a mighty ball no 
 And headlong drop : — no thicker in the air 
 The hail, nor from the shaken holm pours 
 
 down 
 So thick [a show'r] of mast. [The kings] 
 
 themselves 
 Throughout the central ranks, with noted 
 
 wings. 
 Wield giant spirits in a puny breast ; 
 E'en for so long determined not to yield, 
 Until the overwhelming conqueror 
 Or these, or those, hath forced to show 
 their backs, 
 
 none seems satisfactory, and therefore a different 
 view of the part which is to be considered elliptical, 
 is here taken. According to this, the embarass- 
 ment attending que in conti'iiioque appears to be 
 removed ; while the objection, fairly raised by 
 Wagner against the views of Heyne and Voss, is in 
 a great measure avoided. 
 
 115. " But, boy, fear not; I will outstretch them 
 all: 
 My mind's a giant, though my bulk be small." 
 Anonymous, The first part of Jeronimo. 
 115. So Milton, P. L., vii., of the ant: 
 
 " In a small room large heart enclosed." 
 
 And Shakespeare, K. II. V., ii. Chorus: 
 
 " O England ! — model to thy inward greatness, 
 
 Like little body with a mighty heart." 
 
 And again : "I never saw 
 
 Such noble fury in so poor a thing." 
 
 Cymbeline, v. 5. 
 Milton in the same way, in Samson Agonistes : 
 " Go, baffled coward ! lest I run upon thee, 
 Though in these chains, bulk without spirit vast." 
 Dryden, in speaking of the dismay of the Dutch 
 fleet, inverts the idea : 
 
 " Faint sweats all down their mighty members run ; 
 Vast bulks which little souls but ill supply." 
 
 Annus Mirabilis, 70. 
 
 Reversed in flight. These tumults of their 
 
 souls. 
 And these encounters so severe, when 
 checked 120 
 
 By tossing of a little dust, subside. 
 But when both gen'rals from the battle thou 
 Shalt have recalled, the one, who meaner 
 
 seems, 
 (Lest in his waste he mischief thee,) consign 
 To death ; allow the nobler in the court. 
 Untenanted, to reign. The one will prove 
 With gold-encrusted spangles in a blaze. 
 For twain the species be : this nobler [king] 
 Both in his guise distinguished, brilliant, 
 
 too. 
 With ruddy scales ; that other, grim with 
 sloth, 130 
 
 And trailing, base, a breadth of paunch. 
 
 As twain 
 The monarchs' figures, so the commons' 
 
 frames. 
 For some in hideousness are rough ; as 
 
 when 
 From dust aloft the thirsty traveller comes, 
 And sputters from his droughty mouth the 
 
 earth. 
 Others shine forth, and with a glitter flash. 
 Ablaze upon their bodies, dashed with 
 
 gold 
 And even drops. This proves the worthier 
 
 breed : 
 Therefrom in heav'n's appointed season 
 
 thou 
 Shalt squeeze thy luscious honeys ; — neither 
 [yet] 140 
 
 So luscious, as both crystal-bright, and 
 
 taste 
 Austere of Bacchus ready to subdue. 
 
 But when the swarms unsettled fly 
 abroad, 
 And in the welkin sport, and scorn the 
 
 combs, 
 And quit their chilly homesteads, thou 
 
 shalt bar 
 Their restless spirits from their idle play. 
 Nor is to bar them a gigantic toil. 
 Do thou from off the kings their pinions 
 
 pluck : 
 Not any [bee], while they delay, will dare 
 To wend his route aloft, or from the camp 
 To tear the standards up. Let gardens 
 woo, 151 
 
 That breathe [a perfume] from their saffron 
 
 flowers. 
 And, sentry 'gainst the robbers and the 
 
 birds, 
 Be their protection with his willow scythe, 
 The Hellespontiac Priapus' guard. 
 Let him to whom such [tasks] of int'rest be, 
 
V. II a— 134* 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 7. 134—153. 
 
 71 
 
 From lofty mountains bringing thyme and 
 
 pines, 
 Plant them himself far-wide around their 
 
 homes ; 
 
 Himself let chafe his hand with galling toil; 
 
 Himself set fruiting saplings in the ground, 
 
 And loving waters o'er them draw in rills. 
 
 And truly, towards my travail's farthest 
 
 bound 162 j 
 
 Were I not now my canvas drawing in, 
 And hasting on to veer my prow to land, 
 I peradventure, too, might sing what pains 
 Of cultivation gardens rich would deck. 
 And doubly-blooming Paestum's beds of 
 
 rose; j 
 
 And how the endive-plants in runnels j 
 
 quaffed ' 
 
 Might take delight, and banks with parsley [ 
 
 green ; ! 
 
 And, writhing through the grass, the cu- 
 cumber 170 
 Swell out into a paunch. Nor daffodil, 
 I>ate-flow'ring, or the lithe acanthus' stalk. 
 Could I have passed unsung, and ivies wan. 
 And myrtle-shrubs enamored of the shores. 
 For I recall to mind, that I beneath 
 The stately towers of CEbalia, where 
 The dark Galesus dews the golden tilths, 
 An aged swain of Corycus had seen, 
 To whom few acres of abandoned ground 
 Belonged ; nor fruitful was that [soilj thro' 
 
 steers, 180 
 
 Nor fit for cattle, nor for Bacchus meet. 
 Yet even here his potherbs, thin [in row], 
 Among the brakes and snowy lilies round. 
 And vervains, planting, fine-grained poppy, 
 
 too, 
 The wealth of monarchs in his mind he 
 
 matched ; 
 And, late at night returning to his home, 
 His boards he cumbered with unpurchased 
 
 cates. 
 The first was he in spring to cull the rose, 
 
 161. Or, if irriget be taken in its secondary, 
 and inibres in its primary sense : 
 
 " And sprinkle over them the loving showers." 
 185. " My mind's a kingdom." Ben Jonson. 
 
 " For 'tis the mind that makes the body rich." 
 
 Shakespeare, Taming of the Shrew, iv. 3. 
 
 " I want not, for my mind affordeth wealth." 
 
 Robert Greene, The Hermit's I'erses. 
 " No, Lucio, he's a king, 
 A true right king, that dares doe aught, save wrong, 
 Feares nothing mortall but to be unjust. 
 Who is not blowne up with the flattering puffes 
 Of spungy sycophants, who stands unmoved, 
 Despite the justling of opinion." 
 
 " This, Lucio, is a king, 
 And of this empire every man's possest, 
 That's worth his soule." 
 
 Marston, Antonio and Mellida, P. i, iv. 4. 
 
 And in the autumn fruits } and when e'en 
 
 still 
 Drear winter with its cold would brast the 
 rocks, 190 
 
 And with its ice the race of waters rein, 
 He tresses of the downy martagon 
 E'en now was clipping, chiding summer 
 
 late, 
 And lagging Zephyrs. Therefore he, the 
 
 same. 
 With pregnant bees, and many a swarm, 
 
 was first 
 To overflow; and from squeezed combs to 
 
 force 
 The frothing honeys. He had limes and 
 
 pine 
 Of fullest yield ; and with as many fruits 
 In infant blossom as the teemful tree 
 Had robed itself, so many it retained 200 
 In autumn ripe. He also into rows 
 Transplanted far-grown elms, and flinty 
 
 pear, 
 And black-thorn stocks, already bearing 
 
 plums, 
 And plane, to topers now affording shade. 
 But these, in sooth, do I, shut out by bounds 
 Too strict, pass over, and to other [bardsj 
 To be recorded after me I leave. 
 
 Now come, what instincts Jove himself 
 to bees 
 Assigned, will I unfold ; for what reward 
 The Curets' tuneful sounds and clanking 
 bronze 210 
 
 They, tracing, fed the monarch of the sky 
 Beneath the grot of Dicte. They alone 
 Have sons in common, city-mansions 
 shared 
 
 192. See note on Geo. u. v. 368. 
 
 201. " The teeming autumn, big with rich increase. 
 Bearing the wanton burden of the prime." 
 
 Shakespeare, Sonnet 97. 
 
 213, &c. " For so work the honey bees ; 
 
 Creatures that, by a rule of nature, teach 
 The act of order to a p>eopIe's kingdom. 
 They have a king and officers of sorts : 
 Where some, like magistrates, correct at home ; 
 Others, like merchants, venture trade abroad : 
 Others, like soldiers, armed in their stings. 
 Make boot upon the summer's velvet buds ; 
 Which pillage they with merry march bring home 
 To the tent royal of their emperor : 
 Who, busied in his majesty, sur\cys 
 The singing masons building roofs of gold : 
 The civil citizens kneading up the honey ; 
 The poor mechanic porters crouding in 
 Their heavy burdens at his narrow gate ; 
 The sad-ey'd justice, with his surly hum. 
 Delivering o'er to executors pale 
 The lazy yawning drone." ^ 
 
 Shakespeare, A*. H. V., i. 2. 
 
 The careful insect midst his works I view. 
 Now from the flowers exhaust the fraerant dew ; 
 With golden treasures load his little thighs. 
 
72 
 
 V. 154 — T/O- 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V. 171 — 197. 
 
 In partnership, and under noble laws 
 They pass existence, and a native land, 
 And settled household-gods alone they 
 
 know ; 
 And mindful of the coming winter, toil 
 In summer ply, and for the common stock 
 .Store up their gains. For some watch o'er 
 
 the food, 
 And by fixed pact are in the fields em- 
 ployed. 220 
 A part within th' inclosures of their homes 
 Narcissus' tear, and, clammy, [tapped] 
 
 from bark, 
 A gum, the first foundations for the combs. 
 Lay down ; then hang they up the gluey 
 
 wax. 
 Others, the nation's hope, the full-gi'own 
 
 young, 
 Lead forth ; thrice limpid honeys others 
 
 pack. 
 And with the crystal nectar puff the cells. 
 There are, to whom hath fallen out by lot. 
 The sentry at the gates, and in their turn 
 They scan the waters and the clouds of 
 heaven ; 230 
 
 Or bm-dens of the [workers] coming in 
 Receive, or, in battalion formed, the drones, 
 A lazy cattle, banish from the cribs : 
 Work glows, and scented honeys smell of 
 
 thyme. 
 And as when Cyclops haste the thunder- 
 bolts 
 
 And steer his distant journey through the skies ; 
 Some against hostile drones the hive defend, 
 (Jthers with sweets the waxen cells distend ; 
 Each in his toil his destin'd office bears, 
 And in the little bulk a mighty soul appears." 
 
 Gay, Rural Sports, i. 83-90. 
 222. This use of lacrima, v. 160, is imitated by 
 Sir Richard Blackmore in one of his beautiful 
 passages in Creation, b. ii. : 
 
 " The fragrant trees, which grow by Indian floods. 
 And in Arabia's aromatic woods. 
 Owe all their spices to the summer's heat. 
 Their gummy tears, and odoriferous sweat." 
 235. The same operation is described as going on 
 in Mammon's cave, by Spenser, Faerie Queene, ii. 
 7, 36: 
 
 " One with great bellowes gathered filling ayre. 
 And with forst wind the fewell did inflame ; 
 Another did the dying bronds repayre 
 With yron tongs, and sprinckled ofte the same 
 With liquid waves, fiers Vulcans rage to tame. 
 Who, maystring them, renewd his former heat : 
 Some sciimd the drosse that from the metall came ; 
 Some stird the molten owre with ladles great :" &c. 
 Milton similarly : 
 "In other part stood one who, at the forge 
 Labouring, two massy clods of iron and brass 
 Had melted ; (whether found where casual fire 
 Had wasted woods on mountain or in vale, 
 Down to the veins of earth ; thence gliding hot 
 To some cave's mouth ; or whether wash'd by 
 stream 
 
 j From ductile blocks, in bull's-hide bellows 
 I some 
 
 Admit the breezes, and discharge them 
 
 back ; 
 Some dip the screeching bronzes in the pool : 
 With stithies planted on him /Etna groans. 
 They 'tween them with colossal force their 
 
 arms 240 
 
 Upheave to measure, and with griping 
 
 tongs 
 The iron turn and turn. Not otherwise, 
 (If we may tiny things compare with vast,) 
 An inbred passion of possessing spurs 
 Cecropian bees — in his own office each. 
 The towns are to the old a charge, and 
 
 combs 
 To wall, and fashion their Daedalian roofs. 
 But, jaded, late at night betake them home 
 The younger, loaded on their legs with 
 
 thyme ; 
 And on the arbute-berries all around 250 
 They feed, and blue-grey willows, casia too, 
 And blushing crocus, and the gummy lime, 
 And rust-hued martagons. With all is one 
 The rest from work, with all is one the toil. 
 At morning from the gates they sally 
 
 forth ;— 
 Not anywhere delay : — again, when Eve 
 These same, from feed [recalled], at length 
 
 hath warned 
 Forth from the champaign to withdraw, 
 
 their homes 
 Then seek they, then their bodies they 
 
 refresh ; 
 A hum arises, and they buzz around 260 
 Their borders and their thresholds. Then, 
 
 when now 
 Within their couching-chambers they them- 
 selves 
 Have ordered, all is stillness for the night. 
 And their own slumber holds their wearied 
 
 limbs. 
 Nor sooth, — rain overhanging, — from the 
 
 hives 
 Retire they over far, or trust the sky 
 When eastern gales are drawing on, but 
 
 round 
 They safely water 'neath the city walls, 
 And rambles short essay, and pebbles oft, 
 As skiffs unsteady in the tossing wave. 
 Their ballast raise : therewith themselves 
 
 they poise 271 
 
 Thro' unsubstantial clouds. Thou'lt marvel 
 
 chief 
 
 From underground ;) the liquid ore he drain'd 
 Into fit moulds prepared ; from which he form'd 
 First his own tools ; then, what might else be 
 
 wrought 
 Fusil or graven in metal." P. L., xi. 
 
V, 197—82 3. 
 
 BOOK IV, 
 
 V. 223—243. 
 
 7J 
 
 That this observance should have pleased 
 
 the bees — 
 That neither do they riot in embrace, 
 Nor slothfully on Venus waste their frames, 
 Or bear their young with throes ; but by 
 
 themselves 
 They cull their children in their mouth 
 
 from leaves, 
 And honied herlaage ; by themselves their 
 
 king 
 And tiny Quirites they supply, and mould 
 Anew their palaces and waxy realms. 280 
 Oft, too, in roving thro' the flinty rocks 
 Their pinions they have chafed — yea, e'en 
 
 their life 
 Beneath their load resigned j — so great the 
 
 love 
 Of flow'rs, and pride of gend'ring honey. 
 
 Hence 
 Though these a span of narrow life befall, 
 (For no more than a seventh summer-tide 
 Is lengthened,) yet imperishable lasts 
 The lineage, and stands firm through many 
 
 a year 
 The fortune of the house, and ancestors 
 Of ancestors are counted. Further, too, 
 Not thus their king do Egypt, and great 
 
 Lydia, 291 
 
 And tribes of Parthians, and the Median 
 
 [flood], 
 Hydaspes, venerate. The king un- 
 harmed — 
 There dwells one spirit in them all ; when 
 
 lost— 
 They've broken fealty, and the honeys 
 
 heaped 
 Themselves have plundered, and to atoms 
 
 rent 
 The fretwork of the combs. The guard of 
 
 toils 
 Is he ; at him in wonder do they gaze, 
 And all, with humming full, around him 
 
 stand. 
 And throng him close, and ofttimes lift 
 
 him up 300 
 
 Upon their shoulders, and their frames to 
 
 war 
 Expose, and seek through wounds a 
 
 splendid death. 
 Some, from these marks, and following 
 
 out 
 These instances, have said that in the bees 
 There dwells a portion of the heav'nly mind. 
 And draughts ethereal. For that deity 
 Pervades alike all lands, and tracts of sea. 
 And sky sublime ; that hence the flocks, 
 
 the herds, 
 
 283. Or: " and freely life." 
 
 Mankind, of savage creatures every tribe — 
 Each [being] for itself at birth derives 310 
 A subtile life. Moreover, to this source 
 All [living things] thereafter are reduced, 
 And at their dissolution are restored ; 
 That neither is there room for death, but 
 
 quick 
 They wing their journey to the rank of star, 
 And mount them to the firmament on high. 
 If ever thou their narrow home, and, 
 stored 
 In treasure-cells, their honeys would'st un- 
 seal, 
 First, sprinkled with a draught of waters, 
 
 rinse 
 Thy mouth, and in thy hand before thee 
 stretch 320 
 
 The piercing smoke. Their heavy produce 
 
 twice 
 They gather ; twain the harvest-times ; as 
 
 soon 
 As hath Taygete, the Pleiad maid. 
 Her comely visage to the lands revealed. 
 And with her foot hath spumed the Ocean- 
 tides, 
 Disdained ; or when the self-same, as she 
 
 flies 
 The constellation of the wat'ry Fish, 
 More melancholy from the sky sinks down 
 Within the winter-waves. In them dwells 
 
 wrath 
 Past bound, and when annoyed their bane 
 they breathe 330 
 
 Into their stingings, and their viewless bolts 
 They leave behind them, to the arteries 
 Firm fixed, and in the wound their lives 
 
 lay down. 
 But if, in dread of rig'rous winter-tide, 
 Thou'lt both be sparing for the time to come. 
 And look with mercy on their shattered 
 
 souls. 
 And broken fortunes ; — yet to fumigate 
 With thyme, and cut away the empty wax, 
 Who would demur? For often, unre- 
 marked. 
 The lizard hath begnawed the combs, and 
 cells, 340 
 
 316. The German critic quoted by Jahn observes, 
 that the latter clause of verse 227 of the text comes 
 in languidly after the former ; to which Voss replies, 
 that it is only an amplification of the preceding 
 idea. But surely this is a weak answer ; for it is at 
 least as easy for an amplificaiion to be languid as 
 not. According to the view of some translators, 
 the passage would be rendered thus : 
 
 " And take their station in the height of heaven :" 
 
 which would give a stronger sense : but it w by no 
 means certain that succedere will bear the inter- 
 pretation thus put upon it. 
 340. That is : beetles by cellfuls. 
 
74 
 
 V. 243 —265. 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V. 266 — 293. 
 
 Uppiled with beetles, runaways from light, 
 And, at another's viands sitting down, 
 The [task-] exempted drone ; or hornet 
 
 fierce 
 Hath mixed among them with unbalanced 
 
 arms ; 
 Or moths — cursed crew ; or, of Minerva 
 
 loathed. 
 The spider in the door-way hath hung up 
 Her flowing toils. The more have they 
 
 been drained. 
 So the more keenly all will strain to mend 
 A fallen people's wreck, and full will brim 
 The combs, and weave their magazines 
 
 from flowers. 350 
 
 But if, (since our mischances, too, on 
 
 bees 
 Hath life entailed,) their bodies shall be 
 
 faint 
 With dismal sickness, which at once shalt 
 
 thou 
 Be able by no doubtful marks to learn : — 
 Straight in the ailing is a diff'rent hue ; 
 A grisly meagreiiess the visage mars ; 
 Then from the dwellings carry they abroad 
 The carcases of those that lack the light. 
 And lead their doleful obsequies ; or they 
 With legs entangled at the threshold hang. 
 Or lag indoors within their cloistered 
 
 homes, 361 
 
 All both with hunger spiritless, and dull 
 With rivelled chillness : then a deeper tone 
 Is heard, and drawlingly they hum : as 
 
 cold 
 At times on forests Auster growls ; as 
 
 booms 
 Chafed ocean with recoiling waves ; as 
 
 storms 
 In prisoned furnaces the rav'ning fire : — 
 Here will I counsel thee at once to burn 
 Galbanean scents, and honeys introduce 
 In water-pipes of reed, yea, cheering on, 
 
 345. See Spenser's beautiful description of 
 Aragnoll's spinning his web to catch Clarion, in 
 Miiiopotfnos, 357 : 
 
 " And weaving straight a net with manie a fold 
 About the cave, in which he lurking dwelt, 
 With fine small cords about it stretched wide, 
 So finely sponne, that scarce they could be 
 spide :" &c. 
 
 The process of capture is gracefully described by 
 Dryden : 
 
 " So the false spider, when her nets are spread, 
 Deep ambush'd in her silent den does lie ; 
 And feels far off the trembling of her thread, 
 Whose filmy cord should bind the struggling 
 
 fly- 
 Then if at last she find him fast beset, 
 
 She issues forth, and runs along her loom : 
 She joys to touch the captive in her net, 
 And drag the little wretch in triumph home." 
 An7i. Mir., 180, i. 
 
 And wooing them [in their] exhausted 
 
 [state] 371 
 
 To their familiar food. And 'twill bestead 
 
 To blend bruised taste of gall, and roses 
 
 dried. 
 Or sodden must enriched thro' plenteous 
 
 fire, 
 Or [sun-] dried clusters from the Psithian 
 
 vine, 
 And thyme of Attica, and centaur-plants, 
 Rank smelling. In the meads, too, is a 
 
 flower. 
 For which the name Amellus swains have 
 
 coined ; — 
 To those who seek an easy plant [to find] : 
 For lifts it from a single matted sod 380 
 A giant bush ; [of] golden [hue] itself. 
 But in the petals, which, full many a one. 
 Are shed around, faint twinkles purple tint 
 Of dusky violet. Oft with platted wreaths 
 Thereof the altars of the gods are trimmed ; 
 Harsh in the mouth its flavor ; this in dells 
 That have been pastured, do the shepherds 
 
 cull. 
 And fast by Mella's serpentizing streams. 
 Stew roots of this in spicy wine, and serve 
 In baskets full the viands at their gates. 
 
 But if upon a sudden all his stock 391 
 Shall any [swain] have failed, nor, whence 
 
 a race 
 Of new [-ly fostered] breed may be recalled, 
 Shall he possess [the means], it e'en is time 
 Th' Arcadian master's memorable plans 
 To ope, and how ere this from slaughtered 
 
 steers 
 The tainted gore hath often yielded bees. 
 High tracing it from its primeval source, 
 The legend all will I unfold. For where 
 The Pella-named Canopus' blessed race 
 Inhabits near the Nile, that stagnant lies 
 Through overflowing flood, and round their 
 fields 402 
 
 Are carried in their painted skiffs ; and 
 
 where 
 The quivered Persis' frontier presses close ; 
 And into seven separated mouths 
 Asunder runs, while flushing on, the stream, 
 E'en from the colored Indians borne adown, 
 And blooming Egypt, with its sable slime 
 
 400. " What wonder, in the sultry climes, that 
 spread 
 Where Nile redundant o'er his summer bed 
 From his broad bosom life and verdure flings, 
 And broods o'er Egypt with his wat'ry wings, 
 If with advent'rous oar and ready sail 
 The dusky people drive before the gale ; 
 Or on frail floats to neighb'ring cities ride, 
 That rise and glitter o'er the ambient tide." 
 Gray, Alliance of Education and Govermneni. 
 401. It is by no means certain that stagnantem 
 
 is not active. 
 
V. 293 — Ji6. 
 
 BOOK IV, 
 
 ^. 317— 3 3«. 
 
 n 
 
 It fertilises : — all that country grounds 
 Infallible deliv'rance on this craft. 410 
 
 In the first place, a scanty spot is chosen, 
 And for these very services confined. 
 This, both with tiling of a narrow roof, 
 And with contracted walls, do they inclose, 
 And add four loopholes, with the light 
 
 aslant 
 From the four winds. A calf then, arching 
 
 now 
 His horns upon a brow of two years' age, 
 
 is sought. 
 In him the nostrils twain, and breath of 
 
 mouth, 
 While many a struggle he opposes, tight 
 Are blocked, and, slain by blows, his bat- 
 tered flesh 420 
 Through the unbroken hide is crushed to 
 
 pulp. 
 Thus laid, they leave him in his cloistered 
 
 hold, 
 And 'neath his ribs lay scraps of branches, 
 
 thyme. 
 And fresh [-culled] casias. This is carried 
 
 on 
 When Zephyrs first are chasing on the 
 
 waves, 
 Before with earliest hues the meadows 
 
 flush, 
 Before the prating swallow hangs her nest 
 Beneath the beams. Meanwhile acquiring 
 
 heat. 
 Within the softened bones the juice fer- 
 ments. 
 And, in surprising fashions to be seen, 430 
 Live creatures, destitute of feet at first. 
 And soon with pinions whizzing, swarm 
 
 around. 
 And traverse more and more the subtile 
 
 air : 
 Till, like a rainy-torrent, gushing forth 
 From clouds of summer, they have burst 
 
 away ; 
 
 Or like the arrows from the driving chord, 
 
 If e'er light Parths commence the op'ning 
 
 fights. 
 
 What deity, O Muses, what— struck out 
 
 This craft for our behoof? Whence took 
 
 its rise 
 This new experience [on the part] of men ? 
 
 The shepherd Aristaeus, taking flight 
 From Peneus' Tempe, when his bees were 
 lost 442 
 
 (As [goes] the legend,) by disease alike 
 And hunger, melancholy took his stand 
 Hard by the holy [well-] head of the stream, 
 At its far bound, outpouring many a plaint ; 
 And in this strain his parent he addressed : 
 *' Mother, Cyrene mother, who dost haunt 
 The lowest [regions] of this bubbling fount, 
 Why me from the all-glorious line of gods, 
 (If only, whom thou sayest, is my sire — 
 Thymbra's Apollo,) loathed of fates, hast 
 borne ? 452 
 
 Or whither banished is thy love of us ? 
 Why would'st thou bid me hope for heav'n ? 
 
 Lo ! e'en 
 This very credit of my mortal life. 
 Which scarce the skilful ward of fruits and 
 
 flocks 
 Had wrought me out, essaying every [art], 
 With thee for mother, do 1 quit. Nay 
 
 come. 
 And with thy hand thyself my fruiting 
 
 groves 
 Uproot ; bring hostile fire upon my stalls, 
 And kill my harvests ; burn my seeded 
 crops, 461 
 
 And wield the lusty axe against my vines, 
 If such sore weariness of my renown 
 Hath seized thee." Now his mother heard 
 
 the cry 
 Beneath the chamber of the deepsome flood. 
 Around her their Milesian wools her 
 
 Nymphs 
 Were carding, with full hue of glassy-green 
 Ingrained :— e'en Drymo, Xantho, too, 
 
 alike 
 Ligoea, and Phyllodoce — their locks 
 Out-streamed in lustre o'er their snowy 
 necks ; 470 
 
 Nessee, Spio too, Thalia too, 
 
 427. Hirundo is a general name for several kinds 
 of swallows. Perhaps Virgil alludes to the martin, 
 as Shakespeare does in the following passage from 
 Macbeth, 1. 6 : 
 
 " This guest of summer, 
 The temple-haunting martlet, does approve, 
 By his lov'd mansionry, that the heaven's breath 
 Smells wooingly here : no jutty, frieze, buttress. 
 Nor coigne of vantage, but this bird hath made 
 His pendent bed, and procreant cradle." 
 
 459. What Aristaeus, with something of petulance, 
 hypothetically called upon his mother to do. Sir 
 Guyon absolutely effected for the " Bower of 
 Bliss;" Faerie Queene, ii. 12, 83: 
 *' But all those pleasaunt bowres, and pallace brave, 
 
 Guyon broke downe with rigour pitilesse ; 
 
 Ne ought their goodly workmanship might save 
 
 Them from the tempest of his wrathfuinesse. 
 
 But that their blisse he tum'd to balefulncssc ; 
 
 Their groves he feld ; their gardins did deface ; 
 
 Their arbers spoyle ; their cabinets suppresse ; 
 
 Their banket-houses burne : their buildmgs race ; 
 And, of the fayrest late, now made the fowlcst 
 place." 
 
 " O boundlcsse woe. 
 
 If there be any black yet unknown griefe. 
 
 If there be any horror yet unfelt, 
 
 Unthought-of mischief in thy fiend-lQce power. 
 
 Dash it upon my miserable head : 
 
 Make me more wretch, more cursed if thou canit." 
 Marston, Antonio and Mtllida, P. 2, i. 5. 
 
76 
 
 V. 338—364. 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V. 364—388. 
 
 Cymodoce as well, Cydippe too, 
 
 And auburn [-tressed] Lycorias— one a 
 
 maid, 
 The other having then Lucine's first pangs 
 Experienced ; Clio too, and Beroe 
 Her sister, daughters of the Ocean both. 
 With gold both girdled, both with dappled 
 
 skins ; 
 And Ephyre, and Opis, and the Asian 
 
 [maid] 
 Deiope, and nimble Arethuse, 
 Her arrows laid aside at last. 'Mong 
 
 whom 480 
 
 Was Clymene relating th' idle pains 
 Of Vulcan, and th' intrigues and blissful 
 
 thefts 
 Of Mars, and down from Chaos reck'ning 
 
 o'er 
 The crowded loves of gods. By which her 
 
 song 
 Enchanted, while around their spindles 
 
 they 
 Their downy tasks spin off, his mother's 
 
 ears 
 Once more the wail of Aristseus struck. 
 And on their crystal thrones were all 
 
 amazed. 
 But ere the other sisters Arethuse, 
 Forth-gazing, lifted up her auburn head 
 Above the billow-crest ; and from afar : 
 *' O scared not idly by so deep a groan, 
 Cyrene sister, he himself for thee, 493 
 
 Thy chief affection, Aristseus sad 
 By father Peneus' billow stands in tears, 
 And calls thee heartless by thy name." To 
 
 her 
 His mother, shocked in soul with strange 
 
 alarm. 
 Cries, " Lead, haste, lead him to us ; 'tis 
 
 allowed 
 For him to touch the thresholds of the gods. " 
 At once does she enjoin the deepsome 
 
 floods 500 
 
 Far-wide to part asunder, where the youth 
 Might introduce his steps. But him around. 
 In mountain-fashion arched, the billow 
 
 stood. 
 And welcomed him within its bosom vast. 
 And sent him on beneath the stream. And 
 
 now. 
 In wonder gazing on his mother's court. 
 And wat'ry realms, and lakes in caves en- 
 jailed, 
 
 482. Goldsmith speaks of a more moral descrip- 
 tion oi furta in the Deserted Village : 
 " The breezy covert of the warbling grove, 
 
 That only sheltered thefts of harmless love." 
 
 507. " Come now, ye Naiads, to the fountains lead ; 
 Now let me wander through your gelid reign. 
 
 And rumbling groves, he went his way, 
 
 and stunned 
 At the vast coil of waters, all the floods. 
 Careering 'neath the mighty earth, he 
 
 viewed, 510 
 
 Dispread in various regions, — Phasis e'en, 
 And Lycus, and the [fountain-] head, 
 
 wherefrom 
 The deep Enipeus disembogues him first ; 
 Whence father Tiber, and whence Anio's 
 
 tides. 
 And, rife in rock, the booming Hypanis ; 
 Caicus, too, of Mysia, and, engilt 
 Upon his double horns on bull-like face, 
 Eridanus ; than which no other stream 
 Along the teeming tilths, with fiercer force 
 On flushes to the purple main. As soon 
 As he arrived within the chamber's roof. 
 With pumice hanging, and Cyrene learnt 
 Her offspring's causeless weepings, for his 
 
 hands 523 
 
 The sisters duly crystal springs present. 
 And bring him towels with a shaven nap. 
 Some load the boards with cates, and serve 
 
 and serve 
 The brimming goblets ; with Panchsean fires 
 Blaze up the altars : and his mother cries : 
 *' Do thou take beakers of Mseonian wine ; 
 To Ocean pour we." She herself at once 
 Entreats both Ocean, sire of [all] things, 
 
 and the Nymphs, 531 
 
 The sister-train — the hundred who the 
 
 woods. 
 The hundred who the rivers, haunt. Three 
 
 times 
 With crystal nectar Vesta in a glow 
 She sprent ; three times the blaze, shot up 
 
 aloft 
 To the dome-crest, flashed back : with 
 
 which presage 
 Pier spirit bracing, thus herself begins : 
 "In the Carpathian gulf • of Neptune 
 
 dwells 
 A seer, the azure Proteus, he who spans 
 
 I burn to view th' enthusiastic wilds 
 By mortal else untrod. I hear the din 
 Of waters thundering o'er the ruin'd cliffs. 
 With holy reverence I approach the rocks, 
 Whence glide the streams renown'd in ancient 
 
 song. 
 Here from the desert down the rumbling steep 
 First springs the Nile ; here bursts the sounding 
 
 Po 
 In angry waves ; Euphrates hence devolves 
 A mighty flood to water half the east ; 
 And there, in gothic solitude reclin'd, 
 The cheerless Tanais pours his hoary urn." 
 
 Armstrong, Health, b. ii. 
 539. " Proteus is shepheard of the seas of yore, 
 And hath the charge of Neptune's mighty heard ; 
 An aged sire with head all frowy hore, 
 And sprinckled frost upon his deawy beard : 
 
T. 388 — 406. 
 
 BOOK IK 
 
 t: 406—437. 
 
 77 
 
 The vasty ocean with his fish, and car 
 With double-footed coursers yoked. He 
 now 54^ 
 
 Emathia's havens and his native land, 
 Pallene, is revisiting. To him 
 Both we the Nymphs look up with awe, 
 
 and e'en 
 The aged Nercus : for the prophet knows 
 All things which are, which were, which 
 
 yet to come 
 Are trailing on ; since so to Neptune good 
 
 it seemed, 
 Whose monster-cattle and unsightly seals, 
 He pastures underneath the wat'ry-whirl. 
 By thee must he, my son, in fetters first 
 Be caught, that all the source of the disease 
 He may discover, and the issues bless. 552 
 For without force no counsels will he grant, 
 Nor him by praying may'st thou bend ; 
 
 brute force 
 And manacles, when captured, on him 
 
 strain : 
 Round these at last will unavailing wiles 
 Be shattered. I myself will thee, what 
 
 time 
 Shall Sol have kindled up meridian heats, 
 What time the herbage is athirst, and now 
 More welcome to the cattle is the shade, 
 Lead to the aged [seer's] sequestered 
 
 haunts, $61 
 
 Where, wearied, he betakes him from the 
 
 waves ; 
 That readily, in slumber as he lies. 
 Thou may'st assail him. But when with 
 
 thy hands 
 And fetters thou shalt hold him tightly 
 
 grasped. 
 Then divers shapes, and forms of savage 
 
 beasts, 
 
 Who, when those pittiful outcries he heard 
 Through all the seas so ruefully resownd. 
 His charett swift in hast he thether steard. 
 Which with a teeme of scaly Phocas bownd 
 Was drawne upon the waves, that fomed him 
 arownd." Spenser, F. Q., iii. 8, 30. 
 
 566. So Spenser says of Archimago ; F.Q., i. 2, 10 : 
 
 " He then devisde himself how to disguise ; 
 For by his mighty science he could take 
 As many formes and shapes in seeming wise, 
 As ever Proteus to himselfe could make : 
 Sometime a fowle, sometime a fish in lake, 
 Now like a foxe, now like a dragon fell ; 
 That of himselfe he ofte for feare would quake. 
 And oft would flie away." 
 The attentive reader will no doubt remark the 
 
 graphic turn with which this imitation concludes. ^ 
 1 he passage also calls to mind the lines in Milton's 
 
 Comus : 
 
 " Boldly assault the necromancer's hall ; 
 Where if he be, with dauntless hardihood. 
 And brandish'd blade rush on him ; break his 
 glass, 
 
 Will baffle thee. For in a trice will he 
 Become a bristly boar, and tigress swart, 
 And scale-clad dragon, and a lioness 
 With tawny neck ; or piercing roar of flame 
 Will he discharge, and thus from out his 
 bonds 571 
 
 Will drop, or, melted into waters thin, 
 Escape away. But how the more shall he 
 Transmute him into every guise, so much, 
 My son, the more do thou the griping 
 
 chains 
 Strain tight, till such shall he become, with 
 
 frame 
 Transformed, as thou beheldest him, when 
 
 he 
 With sleep commenced was muffling up 
 his eyes." 
 These speaks she, and ambrosia's flowing 
 scent 
 Distils around, wherewith she overspread 
 Her son's whole body, and o'er him there 
 breathed 58 1 
 
 From tresses trimly laid a musky air, 
 And o'er his limbs a lively vigor came. 
 There is a vasty cavern in the side 
 Of a heart-eaten mountain, whereinto 
 Full many a billow by the blast is forced, 
 And into curves receding splits itself ; 
 At times for [storm-] caught seamen anchor- 
 age 
 Right safe : within doth Proteus screen 
 
 himself 
 By the obstruction of a monster rock, 590 
 In ambush here the Nymph the stripling 
 
 posts 
 Turned from the light away ; takes she 
 
 herself 
 Her station at a distance, gloomed in mists. 
 Now rav'ning Sirius, scorching thirsty Inds, 
 Was blazing, and in heav'n had fiery Sol 
 Accomplished his meridian round ; the 
 herbs 
 
 And shed the luscious HqUor on the ground. 
 But seize liis wand : though he and his cursed 
 
 crew 
 Fierce sign of battle make, and menace high. 
 Or like the sons of Vulcan vomit smoke. 
 Yet will they soon retire, if he but shrink." 
 
 584. " His bowre is in the bottom of the maine. 
 Under a mightie rocke, gainst which doe rave 
 The roring billowes in their proud disdainc. 
 That with the angry working of the wave 
 Therein is eaten out a hollow cave, 
 That seemes rough masons hand with engines 
 
 keenc 
 Had long while laboured it to engrave : 
 There was his wonne." 
 
 Faerie Queene, iii. 8, 37. 
 
 587. Or : " Splits itself upon sequestered coves ;'* 
 but this rendering is hardly consistent with /w/m- 
 , sima. Sec Hcync on yEn. i. x6x. 
 
78 
 
 V. 42 7—447. 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 V". 448—467. 
 
 Were with'ring, and in droughty channels ! 
 
 warmed, ' 
 
 His beams were seething hollow streams 
 
 to slime ; I 
 
 When Proteus, seeking his accustomed : 
 
 caves, \ 
 
 Was coming from the billows. Him 
 
 around 600 \ 
 
 The wat'ry nation of the mighty deep | 
 
 Disporting, scattered wide the bitter spray, j 
 For slumber stretch themselves the seals, ! 
 
 apart I 
 
 Upon the strand ; himself (as doth at j 
 
 times I 
 
 The guardian of a fold upon the mounts, | 
 When evening from their grazing to the j 
 
 sheds 
 Brings home the calves, and by their 
 
 bleatings heard 
 The lambkins whet the wolves), sits central 
 
 down 
 Upon a cliff, and reckons o'er their tale. 
 O'er whom since now the vantage offered is 
 To Aristaeus, having scarce allowed 6ii 
 The senior to lay down his jaded limbs. 
 With lusty shout he rushes on, and him 
 Surprises with the handcuffs as he lies. 
 He, not unmindful, on the other hand. 
 Of his own craft, transfigureth himself 
 Into all marvels of [created] things — 
 Both fire, and fearful beast, and flowing 
 
 flood. 
 But when no guile discovers an escape. 
 Into himself, defeated, he returns, 620 
 
 And with the mouth of man at last he 
 
 spake : 
 ' ' Pray who, thou most presumptuous of 
 
 youths, 
 Bade thee our habitations to approach ? 
 Or what," he cries, " hence seekest thou?" 
 
 But he : 
 " Thou knowest, Proteus, knowest of thy- 
 self, 
 Nor is one able thee to dupe in aught ; 
 
 601. '* But is not yonder Proteus' cave. 
 Below that steep. 
 Which rising billows brave ? 
 It is : and in it lies the god asleep ; 
 And, snorting by, 
 We may descry 
 The Monsters of the deep." 
 Dryden, Albion and Albatiiiis, iii. 
 
 617. "To dreadful! shapes he did himselfe trans- 
 forme : 
 Now like a gyaunt ; now like to a feend ; 
 Then like a centaure ; then like to a storme. 
 Raging within the waves." F. Q., iii. 8, 42. 
 
 " Sudden the god a lion stands ; 
 
 He shakes his mane, he spurns the sands ; 
 
 Now a fierce lynx with fiery glare, 
 
 A wolf, an ass, a fox, a bear." Gay, F., i. 33. 
 
 But cease thy wishing [to make dupes of 
 
 us]. 
 The gods' injunctions following have we 
 
 come, 
 In fallen circumstances hence to seek 
 Oracular replies." So much he spake. 
 To these the seer at length with effort vast 
 His eyeballs, flashing with a blue-green 
 
 glare, 632 
 
 Rolled on him, and deep gnashing [with 
 
 his teeth], 
 He thus with destinies his lips unlocked : 
 
 " 'Tis not the wrath of less than is divine 
 That vexeth thee : thou expiatest grievous 
 
 crimes. 
 For thee doth Orpheus, in a piteous case 
 In nowise owing to his own desert. 
 These punishments, save fates withstand, 
 
 awake. 
 And fiercely rages for his ravished bride. 
 She sooth, while headlong she was flying 
 
 thee 641 
 
 Along the streams — a maiden doomed to 
 
 die — 
 A monstrous water-snake before her feet, 
 Haunting the m argents in the lofty grass, 
 Perceived not. But the Dryads' sister-choir 
 The highest regions of the mountains filled 
 With shrieking ; wept the Rhodopean 
 
 towers, 
 Pangaean heights alike, and Rhesus' land 
 Mavortian, and the Getse, Hebrus too. 
 And Attic Orithyia. He himself 650 
 
 Soothing on hollow shell his heart-sick 
 
 love. 
 Thee, darling spouse, thee on the lonely 
 
 shore 
 All by himself, thee at the dawning day, 
 Thee as it sank adown, was wont to chant. 
 Yea, jaws of Tsen'rus, gates of Dis profound, 
 
 635. See note on Geo. i. 115. 
 
 655. Pope's splendid allusion to this legend is 
 well known ; but it must be quoted : 
 " But when, through all the infernal bounds 
 Which flaming Phlegethon surrounds. 
 
 Love, strong as death, the poet led 
 To the pale nations of the dead, 
 What sounds were heard, 
 What scenes appear'd. 
 
 O'er all the dreary coasts ! 
 Dreadful gleams. 
 Horrid screams. 
 Fires that glow. 
 Shrieks of woe. 
 Sullen moans. 
 Hollow groans, 
 And cries of tortured ghosts ! 
 But hark ! he strikes the golden lyre ; 
 And see ! the tortured ghosts respire. 
 
 See, shady forms advance ! 
 Thy stone, O Sisyphus, stands still, 
 Ixion rests upon his wheel, 
 
 And the pale spectres dance ; 
 
V. 468 — 4R3» 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 V. 483— 50a. 
 
 79 
 
 And, glooming with a murky dread, the 
 
 grove 
 He entered, and the Manes he approached, 
 And their terrific monarch, and the hearts 
 Unknowing how to melt at mortal prayers. 
 But by his strain aroused from lowest seats 
 Of Erebus, advanced the subtile shades. 
 And phantom-forms of those that lack the 
 
 light ; 662 
 
 As numerous [as] thousands of the birds 
 [That] bury them among the leaves, what 
 
 time 
 Doth eve, or wintry shower drive them 
 
 down 
 From mountains : mothers, husbands too, 
 
 and frames 
 Of high-souled heroes that have done with 
 
 life ; 
 Boys, and unwedded maids, and striplings 
 
 laid 
 On fun'ral-piles before their parents' eyes : 
 Whom round the sable ooze, and hideous 
 
 reed 670 
 
 Of Cocyt, and with lazy wave the fen 
 Unlovely binds, and Styx, nine times out- 
 poured 
 Between, confines them. Yea, astonied 
 
 stood 
 The very homes and deepest hell of Death, 
 And, twisted through their locks with azure 
 
 snakes, 
 The Furies ; and restrained his triple mouth 
 
 The Furies sink upon their iron beds, 
 And snakes uncurl'd hang listening round their 
 heads. 
 " But soon, too soon, the lover turns his eyes : 
 Again she falls, again she dies, she dies ! 
 How wilt thou now the fatal sisters move ? 
 No crime was thine, if 'tis no crime to love. 
 Now under hanging mountains, 
 Beside the falls of fountains, 
 Or where Hebrus wanders, 
 Rolling in maeanders. 
 All alone. 
 
 Unheard, unknown, 
 He makes his moan ; 
 And calls her ghost, 
 For ever, ever, ever lost ! 
 Now with furies surrounded. 
 Despairing, confounded. 
 He trembles, he glows. 
 Amidst Rhodope's snows : 
 See, wild as the winds, o'er the desert he flies ; 
 Hark ! Haemus resounds with the Bacchanals' 
 cries — 
 
 Ah see, he dies ! 
 Yet even in death Eurydice he sung, 
 Eurydice still trembled on his tongue, 
 Eurydice the woods, 
 Eurydice the floods, ' 
 Eurydice the rocks, and hollow mountains rung." 
 Ode on St. Cecilia's Day, st. 4, 6. 
 
 67a. " Where rocks and rueful deserts are descried. 
 And sullen Styx rolls down his lazy tide." 
 
 Garth, Dispensary, c. vi. 
 
 The gaping Cerberus, and in the breeze 
 
 The circuit of Ixion's wheel stood still. 
 And now, his steps retracing, all mishap* 
 He had avoided, and Eurytfice, 680 
 
 Restored, was coming to the upper air. 
 Behind him following, (for Proserpine 
 This law had giv'n,) when sudden madness 
 
 seized 
 The heedless lover, — pardonable sure. 
 If Manes knew to pardon ; — short he 
 
 stopped, 
 And back upon Eurydice, his own. 
 Now even 'neath the very verge of light, 
 Mindless, alas ! and whelmed in soul, he 
 
 looked. 
 There all his toil was squandered, and the 
 
 league 
 Of the remorseless tyrant burst, and thrice 
 A crash was heard within Avemian pools. 
 * What,' cries she, ' both unhappy me and 
 
 thee 692 
 
 Hath ruined, Orpheus, — frenzy what so 
 
 wild? 
 Lo ! call me back once more the ruthless 
 
 Weirds, 
 And sleep is sealing up my swimming eyes. 
 And now farewell ! I'm borne away, en- 
 wrapt 
 In deep of night around, and stretching 
 
 forth 
 To thee, — alas ! not thine, — my weakly 
 
 hands.' 
 She said, and on a sudden from his eyes, 
 As smoke commingled into subtile air, 
 She fled another way, nor him, in vain 
 Grasping at shades, and longing many a 
 
 word 700 
 
 To utter, did she any further see ; 
 Nor did Hell's ferryman allow him more 
 
 678. Sotheby has : 
 
 " And fixed in air Ixion's wheel reposed." 
 691. See Milton quoted yEn. i. v. 167. 
 693. " My eyes are going to bed, and leaden sleep 
 Doth draw the curtains o'er them." 
 
 Shirley, Love Tricks, iv. 2. 
 " Peace rest on you ! One sad tear every day, 
 For poor Alinda's sake, 'tis fit you pay. 
 A thousand, noble youth ! And when I sleep 
 Even in my silver slumbers still I'll weep." 
 
 J. Fletcher, The Loyal Subject, v. 2. 
 695. " So fare you well at once ; for Brutus' tongue 
 Hath almost ended his life's history : 
 Night hangs upon mine eyes." 
 
 Shakespeare, yulius Casar, v. 5. 
 700. " Was ever known 
 
 A man so miserably blest as I ? 
 I have no sooner found the greatest good, 
 Man in this pilgrimage of life can meet. 
 But I must make the womb, where 'twas conceived, 
 The tomb to burj' it, and the first hour it lives 
 The last it must breathe." 
 
 Webster, A Cure, i. 3. 
 
8o 
 
 V. 503—523. 
 
 THE GEORGICS. 
 
 y- 523—537. 
 
 To cross the barrier fen. What should he 
 
 do? 
 Whither should he betake himself, his 
 
 spouse 
 Twice ravished from him ? With what 
 
 weeping move 
 The Manes, with what voice the gods ? 
 
 She sooth 
 Now cold was floating in the Stygian bark. 
 They tell that he for sev'n whole months in 
 
 course. 
 Beneath a heav'n-high rock, beside the wave 
 Of lonely Strymon, wept, and vented these 
 
 [his woes] 710 
 
 'Neath icy grottoes, soothing tigresses. 
 And drawing Avith his minstrelsy the oaks : 
 As, mourning underneath a poplar shade, 
 The nightingale bemoans her missing brood, 
 Which [some] unfeeling ploughman, on the 
 
 watch, 
 Hath ravished callow from the nest ; but 
 
 she 
 Weeps thro' the night, and, sitting on a 
 
 bough. 
 Her piteous strain renews, and far and near 
 Fills every spot with melancholy plaints. 
 No Love, no joys of Hymen bent his soul ; 
 Alone the Polar ice, and snowy Don, 721 
 And fields ne'er widowed of Rhipsean frosts, 
 He ranged, bewailing lost Eurydice, 
 And bootless grants of Dis : thro' which 
 
 his task 
 The matrons of the Cicons scorned, amid 
 The holy rites of gods, and revel-feasts 
 Of nightly Bacchus, into atoms rent, 
 The stripling scattered o'er the spacious 
 
 fields. 
 Then too the head, wrung off a marble neck, 
 
 714. Milton briefly alludes to the nightingale ; 
 
 P. L., b. vii. iv. : 
 
 " Nor then the solemn nightingale 
 
 Ceased warbling, but all night tuned her soft lays." 
 " All but the wakeful nightingale ; 
 
 She all night long her amorous descant sung." 
 " Where the love-lorn nightingale 
 
 Nightly to thee her sad song mourneth well." 
 
 Comjts. 
 Thomson, more at length ; Spring, 717, &c. : 
 
 " Oft when, returning with her loaded bill, 
 Th' astonish'd mother finds a vacant nest. 
 By the hard hand of unrelenting clowns 
 Robb'd, to the ground the vain provision falls ; 
 Her pinions rutlle, and low-drooping scarce 
 Can bear the mourner to the poplar shade ; 
 Where, all abandon'd to despair, she sings 
 Her sorrows through the night; and, on the 
 
 bough 
 Sole-sitting, still at every dying fall 
 Takes up again her lamentable strain 
 Of winding woe ; till, v/ide around, the woods 
 Sigh to her song, and with her wail resound." 
 The next stanza is quoted in note on /En. ii. 
 
 V. 727. 
 
 When, bearing it upon his central tide, 730 
 CEagrian Hebrus rolled,— ' Eurydice ' the 
 
 very voice 
 And death-cold tongue, * Ah ! poor Eu- 
 rydice !' 
 As flies the spirit, called ; ' Eurydice ' 
 The banks re-echoed all throughout the 
 
 stream." 
 These Proteus : and he plunged him 
 
 with a bound 
 Within the dsepsome sea, and where he 
 
 plunged 
 The yesting wave he wreathed below his 
 
 neck. 
 But not Gyrene ; for unasked she spoke 
 The trembler : " Son, 'tis lawful from thy 
 
 mind 
 To lay aside thy melancholy cares. 740 
 
 This is the whole occasion of the plague ; 
 'Tis hence the Nymphs, with whom she 
 
 used to hold 
 The dances in the lofty groves, have sent 
 The piteous desolation on thy bees. 
 Do thou thy gifts in lowly fashion spread. 
 Entreating reconcilement, and adore 
 Th' easy Napceans ; for they will vouchsafe 
 Their pardon to thy vows, and bate their 
 
 wrath. 
 But what should be the manner of thy suit 
 
 730-6. So Milton alludes to Orpheus in Lycidas : 
 " When, by the rout that made the hideous roar, 
 His goary visage down the stream was sent, 
 Down the swift Hebrus to the Lesbian shore." 
 " So when the Thracian furies Orpheus tore. 
 And left his bleeding trunk deform'd with gore. 
 His sever'd head floats down the silver tide. 
 His yet warm tongue for his lost consort cried ; 
 Eurydice with quivering voice he mourn'd. 
 And Heber's banks Eurydice returned." 
 
 Gay, Trivia, ii. 293. 
 " ' Olympia ! my Olympia's lost !' I cry. 
 * Olympia's lost !' the hollow vaults reply. 
 Louder I make my lamentable moan ; 
 The swelling echoes learn like me to groan ; 
 The ghosts to scream, as through lone a sles they 
 
 sweep ! 
 The shrines to shudder, and the saints to weep !" 
 
 Savage, \Va71derer, c. ii. 
 " Cold is Cadwallo's tongue. 
 That hush'd the stormy main : 
 Brave Urien sleeps upon his craggy bed ; 
 Mountains, ye mourn in vain 
 Modred, whose magic song 
 Made huge Plinlimmon bow his cloud-topt head. 
 
 On dreary Arvon's shore they lie, 
 Smear'd with gore, and ghastly pale : 
 Far, far aloof th' affrighted ravens sail ; 
 
 The famish'd eagle screams, and passes by." 
 Gray, Bard, i. 3. 
 735. Thus Thomson, seizing the idea in v. 529, 
 makes the genius of the Thames disappear in his 
 own waters : 
 
 " He said ; and plunged to his crystal dome. 
 While o'er his head the circling waters foam." 
 Poems on several Occasions. 
 
V. 538—555. 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 ▼• 556—566. 
 
 8f 
 
 I first will duly tell thee. Four choice 
 
 bulls 750 
 
 Of passing form, who now for thee feed 
 
 down 
 The green Lycaeus' peaks, do thou choose 
 
 out. 
 And with a neck untouched as many kine. 
 Four altars at the goddesses' high shrines 
 ]"'or these construct, and from their throats 
 
 discharge 
 The holy blood, and in a leafy grove 
 The oxen's carcases themselves forsake. 
 Then, when the ninth Aurore shall have 
 
 displayed 
 Her dawn, to Orpheus his funereal dues, 
 Lethean poppies, shalt thou pay, and thou 
 A sable ewe shalt butcher, and the grove 
 Visit again ; Eurydice, appeased 762 
 
 By slaughtered heifer - calf, shalt thou 
 
 adore." 
 No dallying : at once he puts in force 
 His mother's mandates. To the shrines he 
 
 comes ; 
 Tlie indicated altars he uprears ; 
 Four chosen bulls of passing form he leads, 
 And, with a neck untouched, as many kine. 
 Then, when the ninth Aurore had ushered 
 
 in 
 Her dawn, to Orpheus his funereal dues 
 He pays, the grove, too, visits he again. 
 But here an unexpected prodigy, 772 
 
 And wondrous to be named, do they be- 
 hold :— 
 Throughout the molten inwards of the 
 
 beeves. 
 
 767. Milton in the same way repeats the execu- 
 tion of orders in the words of the orders themselves ; 
 /'. L., b. X. end. 
 
 Bees buzzing, from within the womb entire. 
 
 And bubbling forth from out their riven 
 
 sides ; 
 And, warping on, huge clouds ; and stream- 
 ing now 
 Together on the tree-crest, and adown 
 A cluster dropping from the buxom boughs. 
 These verses on the management of 
 fields 780 
 
 And cattle I was chanting, and on trees ; 
 While mighty Coesar at Euphrates deep 
 Thunders in war, and conqueror gives laws 
 Thro' acquiescing tribes, and aims to tread 
 A path to reach Olympus. At that hour 
 Me, Virgil, sweet Parthenope did nurse, 
 While rioting in tasks of fameless ease ; 
 I, who have madrigals of shepherds played, 
 And, bold in youth, thee, Tityrus, have 
 
 sung 
 Beneath a canopy of spreading beech. 790 
 
 777. We are indebted to the genius of Milton for 
 this exquisite metaphor, which he applies to the 
 motion of locusts, in illustrating that of the wicked 
 angels, when flocking to the summons of Satan : 
 " As when the potent rod 
 Of Amram's son, in Egypt's evil day 
 Waved round the coast, up call'd a pitchy cloud 
 Of locusts, warping on the eastern wind. 
 That o'er the realm of impious Pharaoh hung. 
 Like night, and darken'd all the land of Nile. ' 
 Paradise Lost, b. i. 
 If it be thought too great a liberty to render traki 
 by a neuter verb, this beautiful word must be 
 abandoned, and the passage altered thus : 
 " And boundless clouds trailed on," &c. 
 
 In this case, too, line 84 must share a like fate, 
 and be thus lowered : 
 
 " See trailed upon the wind," &c. 
 
 788. Carmina lust: so in Eel. 1. v. 10; Ludcre 
 quee vellem. 
 
THE ^NEID. 
 
 BOOK I. 
 
 That [bard'\ am I, 7uho erst attuned his lay 
 Up07i the slender reed, and from the woods 
 Withdrawing, have compelled the neighboring 
 
 fields 
 The tiller to obey, though greedy [he] : — 
 A welcome task to swains: but now Mars' 
 
 dread 
 
 Arms and the man I sing, who erst from 
 
 coasts 
 Of Troy to Italy and Lavinian shores, 
 By destiny a rover, came. Much he 
 Was tossed ahkc on lands and sea, through 
 
 might 
 
 Those writers seem to have been hasty in their 
 criticisms upon these first four lines, who pronounce 
 them unworthy of the author of the ^neid. 
 Able scholars are found to think them thoroughly 
 Virgilian ; and Forbiger thinks he sees plain 
 evidence of genuineness in the word at. Had the 
 writers in question, instead of saying that the 
 passage was not Virgil's, said that it was a weak 
 introduction to an epic poem, they would have been 
 quite right ; and doubtless no one would have been 
 happier to agree with them than Virgil himself. It 
 seems highly probable that he sent the lines in 
 dispute, along with the work itself, to some friend, 
 who showed them to others, and in this way they 
 obtained currency as the unquestioned production 
 of his pen. Thus from their genuineness, coupled 
 with their great ingenuity, they crept into the text, 
 from which they were most likely ejected by Tucca 
 and Varius, though some manuscripts retained 
 them still. One thing is pretty certain, — that 
 Virgil, whose discretion and taste must be admitted, 
 even by those who think meanly of his creative 
 powers, would never, with his great original before 
 him, have begun the ALneid with an Hie ego. At 
 all events, Persius did not believe in the puerility, 
 if he ever heard of it. 
 
 This opening reminds one of the introduction to 
 
 the Faerie Qtieene : 
 
 " Lo ! I, the man whose Muse whylomedid maske. 
 As time her taught, in lowly shepheards weeds, 
 Am now enforst, a farre unfitter taske, 
 P'or trumpets sterne to chaunge mine oaten reeds. 
 And sing of Knights and Ladies gentle deeds:" &c. 
 See also Shepheards Calender, October, 55. 
 
 4. Cowley compares the sufferings of Charles the 
 Second to those of iEneas, philosophising, more 
 stio : 
 
 Of heav'nly Powers, for the rankling wrath 
 Of ruthless Juno ; yea, and much he bore 
 Thro' war, till he a city built, and brought 
 His gods to Latium, whence the Latin race, 
 And Alban sires, and walls of lofty Rome. 
 O Muse, to me the reasons do thou tell, 
 What Pow'r aggrieved, or wherefore in a 
 
 chafe, 1 1 
 
 The queen of gods should have enforced a 
 
 man. 
 Marked for his piety, to undergo 
 Mishaps so many, meet so many toils. 
 Can wrath so grievous [dwell] in heav'nly 
 
 minds ? 
 There was an ancient city, — colonists 
 Of Tyre possessed it, — Carthage, right 
 
 afront 
 Of Italy and Tiber's mouths afar, 
 Rich in resources, and in war's pursuits 
 Most truculent ; the which is Juno said 20 
 Above all regions singly to have nursed, — 
 Samos postponed. Her arms [stood] here, 
 
 here stood 
 
 " But, in the cold of want, and storms of adverse 
 chance, 
 They harden his young virtue by degrees : 
 The beauteous drop first into ice does freeze. 
 And into solid crystal next advance. 
 His murder'd friends and kindred he does see, 
 And from his flaming country flee : 
 Much is he tost at sea, and much at land ; 
 Does long the force of angry gods withstand : 
 He does long troubles and long wars sustain, 
 Ere he his fatal birthright gain. 
 
 With no less time and labour can 
 Destiny build up such a man. 
 Who's with sufficient virtue filled ~ 
 His ruin'd country to rebuild." 
 
 Ode on Restoration. 
 
 " I am pursued ; all the ports are stopt too ; 
 Not any hope to escape ; behind, before me, 
 On either side I am beset ; — cursed fortune ; 
 My enemy on the sea, and on the land too, 
 Redeemed from one affliction to another." 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, The Custom of the 
 
 Country, ii. 4. 
 
 15. So Milton, Par. Lost, b. vi : 
 " In heavenly Spirits could such perversencss 
 dwell ?" 
 
V. 17—37. 
 
 BOOK I. 
 
 y. 38—59. 
 
 83 
 
 Her car. That this might to the nations 
 
 prove 
 The seat of rule, — should Fates in anywise 
 Allow, — the goddess even then both aims, 
 And cherishes [her aim]. But she, in sooth. 
 Had heard that from the Trojan blood a 
 
 strain 
 Would be descended, which her Tyrian 
 
 towers 
 One day would overthrow ; that hence a 
 
 race, 
 Wide bearing empire, and in battle haught. 
 Would come for Libya's death-blow ; that 
 
 the Weirds 31 
 
 Ordained it thus. Saturnia, dreading this, 
 And mindful of the lasting war, which she 
 Had whilom waged at Troja, in behalf 
 Of her beloved Argos : nor e'en yet 
 The reasons for her wrath, and cruel pangs 
 Had vanished from her mind ; bides trea- 
 sured up 
 Within her deep of spirit the award 
 Of Paris, and her slighted beauty's wrong. 
 The hated lineage, too, and dignities 40 
 Of ravished Ganymede : o'er these inflamed. 
 Throughout the whole of ocean's surface 
 
 tossed, 
 The Trojans, remnants from the Danai 
 And merciless Achilles, did she drive 
 Afar from Latium ; and thro' many a year 
 They wandered, hunted by the Destinies, 
 All seas around : of such colossal weight 
 [The labor] was to build the Roman race. 
 Scarce out of sight of the Sicilian land. 
 Their canvas for the deep were they, in glee, 
 Vouchsafing [to the breezes], and the foam 
 Of briny ocean dashing with their bronze ; 
 When Juno, harboring beneath her breast 
 Her deathless wound, these [vented] with 
 
 hex-self : 54 
 
 '* That I, discomfited, from my emprise 
 
 25. " Daring men command and make their fates." 
 
 Massinger, The Bondman, ii. 3, 
 " Consider of your sex's general aim, 
 That domination is a woman's heaven." 
 
 Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, ii. 2. 
 
 35. Argis may perhaps be an adjective here, 
 though in an unusual form. 
 
 39. " Juno. But he shall rue and ban the dismal 
 day, 
 Wherein his Venus bare the ball away ; 
 And heaven and earth just witnesses shall be, 
 I will revenge it on his progeny. 
 Pallas. Well, Juno, whether we be lief or loth, 
 Venus hath got the apple from us both." 
 
 Peele, 'I7ie Arraignment of Paris, ii. end. 
 
 " But if in heav'n a hell we find, 
 'Tis all from thee, 
 O jealousy, 
 Thou tyrant of the mind." 
 
 Dryden, Love Triumpliant, iii, i. 
 
 Should cease, nor have the pow'r from Italy 
 The monarch of the Teucri to debar ! 
 Forsooth I am prohibited by fates ! 
 Was Pallas able to burn up the fleet 
 Of Argives, and themselves below the deep 
 To whelm, for one man's fault, the madness 
 
 e'en 61 
 
 Of the Oilean Ajax ? She herself, 
 Jove's speeding leven launching from the 
 
 clouds, 
 Alike their vessels scattered, and upturned 
 The seas with storms ; him, blazes blasting 
 
 forth 
 From his pierced bosom, in a whirl of wind 
 She clutched, and on a pointed rock im- 
 paled. 
 But I, who pace the empress of the go<ls. 
 Yea both the sister and the spouse of Jove, 
 Thro' years so many with a single clan 70 
 Am waging warfare. And may [mortal] 
 
 wight 
 The pow'r of Juno worship furthermore, 
 Or humbly on her altars lay a gift ?" 
 
 Such [thoughts] the goddess in a heart 
 
 incensed 
 Inly revolving, to the native land 
 Of rain-storms, spots with madding Austers 
 
 big,— 
 ^Eolia, — comes. 'Tis here King itolus. 
 Within a monster vault, the struggling 
 
 winds 
 And blust'ring storms with sovereign sway 
 
 controls. 
 And reins them in with fetters and a jail. 
 They in their anger with prodigious growl, 
 [Growl] of the mountain, thunder round 
 
 their bars. 82 
 
 Sits .^olus in his citadel on high. 
 His sceptre wielding, and their passions 
 
 soothes. 
 And cools their wrath ; [which] did he not, 
 
 the seas. 
 And lands, and sky sublime, they would in 
 
 sooth, 
 Careering swiftly, with them bear away, 
 
 58. '• That which the Fates appoint must happen so, 
 Though heavenly Jove and all the gods say. No !" 
 R. Greene, Alphonsus, i.i. end. 
 
 67. " Caught in a fiery tempest, shall be hurl'd 
 Each on his rock transfix'd, the sport and prey 
 Of wracking whirlwinds." Milton, /'. L., b.'ii. 
 
 80. _ " Like as a boystrous winde. 
 
 Which in th' earthes hollow caves hath long 
 
 been hid, 
 And shut up fast within her prisons blind, 
 Makes the nuge element, against her kinde, 
 To move and tremble as it were aghast, 
 Untill that it an issew forth may hndc ; 
 Then forth it brcakes, and with his furious blast 
 Confounds both land and seas, and skyes doth overw 
 cast." Spenser, Faerie QHtene. iii. q, 15. 
 
 G 2 
 
84 
 
 V. 59—81. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 8 1 — 99. 
 
 I 
 
 And sweep along the air. But, dreading 
 
 this, 
 The sire ahnighty has in pitchy caves 
 Concealed them, and a pile and lofty 
 
 mounts 90 
 
 Above them laid, and giv'n a monarch, who 
 By pact decreed should know, at his com- 
 mand, 
 Alike to check and give tlie slackened 
 
 reins : 
 To whom then Juno prayerful used these 
 
 words : 
 *'0 ^olus, (for 'tis to thee the sire 
 Of gods, and king of men, alike hath giv'n 
 To soothe the waves, and heave them by 
 
 the wind,) 
 A nation, foe to me, the Tyrrhene main 
 Is sailing. Ilium into Italy 
 Conveying, and their conquered household- 
 gods : 100 
 Strike fury in thy winds, and whelm their 
 
 ships. 
 Deep sunken, or, dissundered, hunt tliem 
 
 down. 
 And strew abroad their corses on the deep. 
 With me are twice sev'n Nymphs of passmg 
 
 form ; 
 Of whom [the maid], who fairest is in shape, 
 Deiope, in steadfast marriage-bond 
 Will I unite, and consecrate thine own ; 
 That all her years, in company with thee, 
 For such deservings she may while away. 
 And make thee father with a lovely race." 
 
 These ^olus [returned her] in reply : 
 *' Be thine, O queen, the task to search 
 
 whate'er 1 12 
 
 May be thy wish ; to me, to undertake 
 Thy mandates is a law. 'Tis thou for me, 
 (Whatever this of realm [partakes],) 'tis 
 
 thou 
 Dost sceptre win and Jove ; 'tis thou dost 
 
 give 
 That I recline at banquets of the gods. 
 And makest me the lord of rains and 
 
 storms." 
 When these were said, with spear-head, 
 
 towards it veered. 
 
 io5. See note on yfcw. iv. v. 126. 
 
 112. " Ask noble things of me, and you shall find 
 I'll be a noble giver." 
 
 Webster, The Duchess of Malji, v. i. 
 
 119. " As when Dan ^olus, in great displeasure 
 For losse of his deare Love by Neptune hent. 
 Sends forth the winds out of his hidden threasure 
 Upon the sea to wreake his full intent ; 
 They, breaking forth with rude unruliment 
 From all foure partes of heaven, doe rage full sore, 
 And tosse the deepes, and teare the firmament, 
 And all the world confound with wide uprore ; 
 
 As if instead thereof they Chaos would restore." 
 Spenser, F. Q., iv. 9, 23. 
 
 The vaulted mountain on its flank he smote, 
 And straight the winds, as in battalion 
 
 formed, 121 
 
 Where outlet is vouchsafed them, dash 
 
 amain. 
 And in tornado blow throughout the lands. 
 They swooped upon the sea, and all at once 
 Both East, and South, and South-west, 
 
 rife in storms. 
 Uproot it wholly from its deepest seats. 
 And volley mountain surges to the shores. 
 Ensues both cry of men and creak of ropes. 
 The clouds upon a sudden tear away 
 Both heav'n and day-light from the Trojans' 
 
 eyes ; 130 
 
 Upon the deep broods collied night ; the 
 
 poles 
 Thundered, and aether gleams with serried 
 
 fires ; 
 And all threat instant death upon the crews. 
 Forthwith zEneas' limbs are with a chill 
 Unnerved ; he groans, and stretching both 
 
 his hands 
 Forth to the stars, such accents with his 
 
 voice 
 He utters : ** Q both thrice and four times 
 
 blest. 
 To whom, before the presence of your sires, 
 'Neath Troja's stately walls, it fell by lot 
 To meet your doom ! O bravest of the race 
 Of Danai, O Tydeus' son, that I 141 
 
 On Ilian plains should not have fall'n, and 
 
 poured 
 This spirit forth 'neath thy right hand, 
 
 where fierce 
 Beneath the weapon of ^acides 
 
 121. " Straight" is plainly implied in ac, v. 82. 
 See Wagner. 
 
 125. See note on Geo. i. v. 318 : 
 
 " Nor slept the winds," &c. 
 
 130. " How like the day, that flattered iis 
 
 With cheerful light, are my desires fled hence, 
 And left me here a prodigy of darkness, 
 A walking herse, hung round about with night. 
 Whose wings must one day cover all I" 
 
 Shirley, The Doubtful Heir, iv. 2. 
 
 137. Shakespeare makes Pericles, under similar 
 circumstances, address a prayer to the Deity ; 
 Pericles, iii. i : 
 " Thou God of this great vast, rebuke these surges. 
 
 Which wash both heaven and hell ; and Thou 
 that hast 
 
 Upon the winds command, bind them in brass, 
 
 Having call'd them from the deep ! O still thy 
 deafning, 
 
 Thy dreadful thunders ; gently quench thy nimble. 
 
 Sulphureous flashes." 
 142. " Could not the fretting sea 
 
 Have rowled me up in wrinkles of his browe T 
 
 Is death growen coy? or grim confusion nice? 
 
 That it will not accompany a wretch ?" 
 
 Marston, Antonio and Mellida, P. i, i. i. 
 
V. loo — 115. 
 
 BOOK I. 
 
 ▼. 116—136. 
 
 S5 
 
 Is Hector lying, where Sarpedon huge, 
 Where, clutched together underneath his 
 
 waves. 
 The Simois so many heroes' shields, 
 And helms, and gallant corses rolls along !" 
 While he such [plaints] is venting, from 
 
 the North 
 A roaring tempest strikes his sail ahead, 
 And lifts the billows to the stars. Their 
 
 oars 1 5 1 
 
 Are shivered ; then swings off the prow, 
 
 and shows 
 The broadside to the waves ; thereon pur- 
 sues 
 A rugged mount of water in a pile. 
 These on the billow-summit hang ; to those 
 The yawning surge amid the waves unveils 
 The ground ; the tide is raving with the 
 
 sands. 
 Three, swept away, upon the lurking rocks 
 • Doth Notus whirl ; the rocks Italians call 
 ** The Altars," which amid the billows lie, 
 A monster reef on surface of the main. 
 Three Eurus shoulders from the deep on 
 
 shelves 162 
 
 And quicksands — pitiable to be seen — 
 And grides upon the shoals, and with a 
 
 mound 
 Of sand encircles them. The one, which 
 
 bare 
 The men of Lycia and Orontes staunch, 
 Before his very eyes a mountain sea 
 Strikes, [swooping] from above, upon the 
 
 stem : 
 The pilot is dislodged, and, forward fallen, 
 
 149, " But let the ruffian Boreas once enrage 
 The gentle Thetis, and, anon, behold 
 The strong-ribb'd bark through liquid mountains 
 
 cut, 
 Bounding between the two moist elements, 
 Like Perseus' horse : where's then the saucy boat. 
 Whose weak untimber'd sides but even now 
 Co-rivall'd greatness ? — Either to harbour fled. 
 Or made a toast for Neptune." 
 
 Shakespeare, Troilus and Cressitia, i. 3. 
 Thomson has a fine passage, describing a scene 
 
 not very dissimilar ; ^Vinter, 153 : 
 
 " Then issues forth the storm with sudden burst. 
 And hurls the whole precipitated air 
 Down in a torrent. On the passive main 
 Descends th' ethereal force, and with strong gust 
 Turns from its bottom the discoloiir'd deep. 
 Through the black night that sits immense around, 
 Lash'd into foam, the fierce conflicting brine 
 Seems o'er a thousand raging waves to burn. 
 Meantime the mountain-billows, to the clouds 
 In dreadful tumult swell'd, .surge above surge. 
 Burst into Chaos with tremendous roar." 
 
 155. " The proud waves took pleasure 
 
 To toss my little boat up like a bubble : 
 Then like a meteor in the air he hung ; 
 Then catched, and hugged him in the depth of 
 darkness." 
 
 J. Fletcher, The Double Marriage, iii. 3. 
 
 Is rolled along upon his head. But her 
 Three times the billow, in the selfsame 
 
 spot, 171 
 
 Whirls, chasing her around, and in the 
 
 flood 
 The rav'ning eddy gorges her. Appear 
 Men scattered, swimming in the mighty 
 
 gulf, 
 The weaponry of heroes, planks alike, 
 And Troja's royal treasure thro' the waves. 
 Now the stout galley of Ilioneus, 
 Now that of brave Achates, [that] alike, 
 Wherein was Abas wafted, and wherein 
 The aged Aletes, mastered has the storm. 
 In the loose joinings of their ribs they all 
 Admit the hostile flood, and yawn with 
 
 leaks. 182 
 
 Meanwhile felt Neptune that with mighty 
 
 coil 
 Turmoiled was ocean, and a storm launched 
 
 forth, 
 And from their lowest beds were tided back 
 The restful waters. Violently roused. 
 And, looking from the deep abroad, he 
 
 raised 
 His peaceful head above the topmost wave. 
 Dispersed throughout the ocean he beholds 
 i^neas' fleet, the Trojans overwhelmed 190 
 By billows, and the downfall of the sky : 
 Nor did the wiles of Juno and her spleen 
 Escape her brother. To his presence he 
 Calls Eurus and the Zephyr ; such thereon 
 He speaks : *' Hath such proud confidence 
 
 of birth 
 Possessed you ? What now ! Heav'n and 
 
 earth, ye Winds, 
 Without my sanction, dare ye to embroil, 
 And such colossal piles to raise ? Whom 
 
 I— 
 But meeter 'tis to quell the troubled waves. 
 Henceforth to me with no like punishment 
 
 174. •" We might descry a horred spectacle ; 
 The issue of black fury strowed the sea 
 With tattered carcases of splittmg ships, 
 Halfe sinking, burning, floating, topsie turvie." 
 Marston, Antonio and Mcllida, P. i, i. i. 
 
 186. Stagnas^f^ms, to refer to the still waters at 
 the bottom of the deep sea, which are not affected 
 by the wind on the surface. The storm was so 
 furious, that even these were involved in commo- 
 tion and carried aloft. 
 
 188. So Milton, P. L., b. xii. : 
 " And looking down to see the hubbub stra ige. 
 And hear the din." 
 
 ** Down, ye angry waters all ! 
 Ye loud-whistling whirlwinds, fall ! 
 Down, ye proud waves ! ye storms, cease ! 
 I command ye, be at peace ! 
 Fright not with your churlish notes, 
 Nor bruise the keel of bark that floats." 
 
 J. Fletcher, 1 h* FUgrimt iii. 7. 
 
86 
 
 V. 136 — 151. 
 
 THE yENEID. 
 
 V. 152 — 163. 
 
 Shall ye for your malpractices atone. 201 
 Speed flight, and to that king of yours say 
 
 these : 
 ' That not to him the lordship of the main, 
 And grisly trident are by lot assigned. 
 But e'en to me. He holds the monster 
 
 rocks, 
 Thy homes, O Eurus : in that court [of his] 
 Let vaunt him yEolus, and hold his sway 
 Within the bolted prison of the winds.' " 
 So spake he ; and more speedily than 
 
 said 
 The swollen seas he stills, and puts to flight 
 The mustered clouds, and brings again the 
 
 sun, 211 
 
 Cymothoe and Triton [both] at once. 
 Against them straining, from the pointed 
 
 rock 
 Push off the galleys ; with his trident he 
 Heaves them himself, and opes the vasty 
 
 Syrts, 
 And calms the ocean ; and on nimble 
 
 wheels 
 He skims along the surface of the waves. 
 And as what time among a mighty mob 
 An insurrection oft hath started up, 
 And fumes the vulgar rabble in their souls ; 
 And now are flying brands and stones ; — 
 their rage 221 
 
 Supplies them weapons ; — then if by a 
 
 chance 
 Some sage, of weight through sanctity and 
 worth. 
 
 202. " Begone, and tell your king, for his pre- 
 sumption. 
 We'll lash him from our land with iron rods. 
 And drag him at our stirrup through the streets." 
 Webster, The Thracian IVander, iii. i. 
 
 210. The calm is thus described by Thomson ; 
 
 Wititer, 197-201 : 
 
 " All Nature reels, till Nature's King, who oft 
 Amid tempestuous darkness dwells alone. 
 And on the wings of the careering wind 
 Walks dreadfully serene, commands a calm : — 
 Then straight air, earth, and sea are hush'd at 
 once." 
 
 Milton elegantly makes the Mom equally potent ; 
 P.R.,h.\v.: 
 " Thus pass'd the night so foul, till Morning fair 
 
 Came forth, with pilgrim steps, in amice grey ; 
 
 AVho with her radiant finger still'd the roar 
 
 Of thunder, chased the clouds, and laid the 
 winds." 
 
 214. So Dryden, of the escape of the British 
 fleet: 
 
 " It seem'd as there the British Neptune stood. 
 With all his hosts of waters at command. 
 Beneath them to submit th' officious flood. 
 
 And with his trident shoved themoff the sand." 
 Anntis Mirabilisy 184. 
 
 223. As vir., V. 151, on some occasions means 
 hero, /. e., a great man, what reason is there 
 
 They have descried, they hush [to peace], 
 
 and stand 
 Beside him with their ears erect : he sways 
 Their spirits by his words, and soothes their 
 
 breasts. 
 Thus wholly did the crash of ocean fall, 
 When once the sire, forth gazing on the 
 
 seas. 
 And wafted on beneath a cloudless sky. 
 Controls his coursers, and upon the wing 
 Resigns the reins to his pursuing car. 231 
 
 The comrades of .^neas, wearied out, 
 What shores are nearest to them in their 
 
 course 
 Strive earnestly to fetch, and to the coasts 
 Of Lybia turn themselves. There lies a 
 
 spot 
 Within a far retreat : an isle a haven forms 
 By the projection of its sides, whereon 
 Is shattered every billow from the deep. 
 And. into curves receding splits its form. 
 On this side and on that colossal rocks. 
 And twin [-like] cliffs rise tow'ring to the 
 
 heaven ; 241 
 
 Beneath whose brow the waters far and near 
 
 that on others it may not mean a sage, i.e., a wise 
 man ? 
 
 " When the fire was raised 
 Of fierce sedition, and the cheek was swollen 
 To sound the fatal trumpet, then the sight 
 Of this your worthy captain did disperse 
 All those unfruitful humours, and even then 
 Convert you from fierce tigers to staid men." 
 
 Webster, Apphts and Virginia, ii. 2. 
 Such a reverend character may call to mind the 
 Village Preacher in Goldsmith's Deserted Village : 
 " Unskilful he to fawn, or seek for power 
 By doctrines fashion'd to the varying hour ; 
 Far other aims his heart had learn'd to prize, 
 More bent to raise the wretched than to rise." 
 " Truth from his lips prevail'd with double sway. 
 
 And fools, who came to scoff, remained to pray." 
 " As some tall cliff, that lifts its awful form. 
 Swells from the vale, and midway leaves the 
 
 storm. 
 Though round its breast the rolling clouds are 
 
 spread. 
 Eternal sunshine settles on its head." 
 The idea in this last fine image he may have 
 borrowed from Dryden, who says of Lord Chan- 
 cellor Hyde : 
 
 " Your brow, which does no fear of thunder know. 
 Sees rolling tempests vainly beat below." 
 Milton says of Beelzebub : 
 
 " With grave 
 Aspect he rose, and in his rising seemed 
 A pillar of state ; deep on his front engraven 
 Deliberation sat, and public care ; 
 And princely counsel in his face yet shone 
 Majestic, though in pain." F. L., b. ii. 
 
 231. Or: " careering car." 
 
 235. VertJintur is here supposed to carry a 
 middle sense. 
 239. See note on Geo. iv. v. 420. 
 
V. i64~-i83* 
 
 BOOK L 
 
 7. X 84— 303. 
 
 87 
 
 Lie hush in safety. Then a scene with 
 
 woods 
 That quiver from above, and, dark with 
 
 shade 
 Terrific, doth a grove o'erhang. Beneath 
 The brow, that faced [the view] with 
 
 beetling cliffs, 
 A grot : sweet waters are within, and seats 
 Of living stone, a homestead of the 
 
 Nymphs. 
 Here [weather-] weary barks no fetters 
 
 hold ; 
 No anchor moors them with its hooked bite. 
 Hither /Eneas with his seven ships, 251 
 F'rom all the number mustered, enters in. 
 And, with an earnest yearning for the land 
 Debarked, the men of Troy the wished-for 
 
 beach 
 Enjoy, and, dripping with the brine, their 
 
 limbs 
 Upon the shore repose. And first from 
 
 flint 
 Achates struck a sparkle, and the fire 
 Caught up in leaves, and round it he pur- 
 veyed 
 Dry provender, and in the fuel seized 
 The flame. Then Ceres, tainted by the 
 
 waves, 260 
 
 And implements of Ceres, fetch they forth. 
 All-wearied in condition, and their grain, 
 Recovered, they prepare alike to parch 
 With blazes, and to crush it in the quern. 
 Meanwhile ^neas scrambles up a cliff, 
 x\nd far and near a universal view 
 Throughout the deep he aims to take, if he 
 May any Antheus, tossed by storm, descry. 
 And Phrygian ships with oars in double tier. 
 Or Capys, or upon his lofty stem 270 
 
 Caicus' arms. No bark within his ken. 
 
 243. Scena properly means "background;" but 
 background is a very unrythmical, unpoetical word. 
 " Its uplands sloping deck the mountain's side, 
 
 Woods over woods in gay theatric pride." 
 
 Goldsmith, Traveller. 
 
 252. " Betwixt the hollow hanging of a hill, 
 And crooked bending of a craggy rock, 
 The sails wrapt up, the mast and tacklings down, 
 She lies so close that none can find her out." 
 Marlowe, Tambiirlaine the Great, P. 2, i.* a. 
 
 258. " And serewood from the rotten hedges took, 
 And seeds of latent fire from flints provoke." 
 Dryden, Floxver and Leaf, 413, 4. 
 
 264. Frangere saxo, v. 179. Sec note on Geo. i. 
 V. 267, 
 
 265. This may call to mind a passage in Milton's 
 P. /?., b, ii. : 
 
 " Up to a hill anon his steps he rear'd, 
 
 From whose high top to ken the prospect round, 
 If cottage were in view, sheepcote, or herd ; 
 But cottage, herd, or sheepcote, none he saw ; 
 Only in a bottom saw a pleasant grove : " &c. 
 
 Three harts espies he roving on the strand ; 
 These all their droves are following in the 
 
 rear, 
 And thro' the dales there feeds a lengthened 
 
 host. 
 He halted here, and in his hand his bow 
 And nimble shafts he seized, the weaponry, 
 Which staunch Achates used to bear. And 
 
 first 
 The very leaders, porting high their, heads 
 With branching horns, he prostrates ; then 
 
 the rank and file ; 
 And, driving' with his missives all the 
 
 throng, 280 
 
 Disperses them among the leafy woods ; 
 Nor ceases, ere that he, their conqueror, 
 Sev'n giant corses levels to the earth. 
 And brings the number with the ships to 
 
 match. 
 He next the haven seeks, and shares them 
 
 out 
 To all his comrades. Thereupon the wines. 
 Which good Acestes in the casks had 
 
 stowed 
 On Sic'ly's strand, and as they went their 
 
 way 
 The hero had vouchsafed them, deals he out. 
 And soothes their mourning bosoms with 
 
 the words : 290 
 
 ** O comrades, (for we are not unaware 
 Of your misfortunes in the past ;) O ye, 
 Who weightier have endured, to these the 
 
 god 
 Will also grant an end. Ye e'en the rage 
 Of Scylla, and her cliffs that deep within 
 Are booming, have approached ; ye e'en 
 
 have proved 
 The rocks of Cyclops : rally ye your souls. 
 And rueful fear dismiss ; perchance e'en 
 
 these 
 
 294. " Let not thy eyes. 
 
 Although thy grief become them, be in love 
 With tears. I prophesy a joy shall weigh 
 Down all our sufferings. I see comfort break 
 Like day, whose forehead cheers the world." 
 Shirley, The Brothers, iii. 5. 
 " Leave this vain sorrow ! 
 Things being at the worst begin to mend. The bee. 
 When he hath shot his sting into your hand. 
 May then play with your eyelid." 
 
 Webster, T/ie Duchess 0/ Malji,\\. i. 
 " He does bear his loss 
 With such a noble strength of patience, that. 
 Had Fortune eyes to see him, she would weep 
 For having hurt him, and, pretending that 
 She did it but for trial of his worth. 
 Hereafter ever love him." 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, The Hotusi Afau's 
 Fortune, i. 2. 
 
 298, " Wake, wake, and let not patience keep thee 
 poor ! 
 Rouse up thy spirit from this falling slumber ! 
 
V. 203 — 217. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 218 — 234. 
 
 Hereafter to remember it will joy. 
 Through changeful hazards, through so 
 
 many risks 300 
 
 Of our condition, we to Latium steer, 
 Where homes of peace the Destinies reveal. 
 'Tis there permitted that the _ realms of 
 
 Troy 
 May rise again. Endure, and keep your- 
 selves 
 For prosp'rous issues." Such like with his 
 
 voice 
 He speaks, and, sick at soul with huge 
 
 concerns. 
 He hope upon his visage counterfeits, 
 A deep dejection smothers in his heart. 
 They gird them to the spoil and coming 
 
 feast : 
 The hides they tear asunder from the ribs, 
 And bare the flesh. Some cut it into joints. 
 And while they quiver spear them on the 
 
 spits ; 312 
 
 Upon the strand bronze vessels others place. 
 And flames supply. They then with food 
 
 recruit 
 Their pow'rs, and, stretched upon the turf, 
 
 are filled 
 With ancient Bacchus, and with fatted 
 
 game. 
 Soon as was hunger by the feast removed. 
 And boards were cleared away, in long 
 
 discourse 
 After their lost companions they inquire, 
 
 Make thy distress seem but a weeping dream. 
 And this the opening morning of thy comforts." 
 Middleton, No Wit Like a Woman's, i. 2. 
 
 304. " Stoop thou to th' world, 'twill on thy bosom 
 tread ; 
 It stoops to thee, if thou advance thy head." 
 Middleton, Your Five Gallants, iii. 2. 
 
 306. " There's nothing of so infinite vexation 
 As man's own thoughts." 
 
 Webster, Vittoria Corontbona, v. 2. 
 
 308. " Though in your heart there rage a thousand 
 tempests. 
 All calmness in your looks." 
 
 J. Fletcher, The Queen of Corinth, i. i. 
 " O thou for whom I drinke 
 So deep of griefe, that he must only thinke. 
 Not dare to speake, that would express my woe ; 
 Small rivers murmur ; deep gulfes silent flow." 
 
 Marston, Sophonisba, end. 
 " While I am compassed round 
 With mirth, my soul lies hid in shades of grief. 
 Whence, like the bird of night with half-shut eyes. 
 She peeps, and sickens at the sight of day." 
 
 Dryden, The Rival Ladies, iii. i. 
 
 " But 'tis the wretch's comfort still to have 
 Some small reserve of near and inward woe. 
 Some unsuspected hoard of darling grief. 
 Which they unseen may wail, and weep, and 
 
 mourn. 
 And, glutton-like, devour." 
 
 Congreve, Mourning Bride, i. i. 
 
 In doubt alike between their hope and fear, 
 Whether to hold that they are [still] alive, 
 Or undergo the final [pangs of death], 322 
 Or now, when called on, from a distance 
 
 hear. 
 In chief the good ^neas now the fall 
 Of keen Orontes, now of Amycus, 
 And ruthless fates of Lycus, inly mourns ; 
 And [mourns] brave Gyas, and Cloanthus 
 
 brave. 
 
 And now there was an end, when Jupiter, 
 
 From cope of th' Empyrean gazing down 
 
 Upon the sail-winged ocean, and the lands 
 
 That lie [below], and shores, and spreading 
 
 tribes, 331 
 
 So stood he still upon the crest of heaven, 
 And firmly fixed his eyes on Libya's 
 
 realms. 
 And him, within his bosom such concerns 
 While casting, more [than usually] sad. 
 And o'er her glistening eyes bedewed with 
 
 tears, 
 Venus accosts: "O thou, who dost th' 
 
 affairs 
 Alike of men and deities control 
 With endless sovereignty, and with thy bolt 
 Dost overawe them, what such heinous 
 
 [crime] 340 
 
 'Gainst thee could my ^neas perpetrate ? 
 The Trojans what ? To whom, while they 
 
 have borne 
 So many deaths, the whole wide round of 
 
 earth 
 Upon the score of Italy is barred ? 
 Sure, that the Romans hence in time to 
 
 come 
 
 321. " Chewing the food of sweet and bitter fancy." 
 Shakespeare, As You Like It, iv. 3. 
 
 326. " I've oft took him 
 
 Weeping alone, poor boy, at the remembrance 
 Of his lost friends, which, as he says, the sea 
 Swallowed, with all their substance." 
 Middleton, More Dissemblers besides Women, i. 2. 
 " I have wept for ye, boys. 
 And constantly, before the Sun awaked. 
 When the cold dew-drops fell upon the ground. 
 As if the Moon were discontented too. 
 My naked feet o'er many a rugged stone 
 Have walked, to drop my tears into the seas 
 For your sad memories." 
 
 Shirley, St. Patrick for Ireland, v. 2. 
 .iEneas might have comforted himself by the 
 thought that 
 
 " We must all die. 
 All leave ourselves ; it matters not where, when, 
 . Nor how, so we die well ; and can that man that 
 does so 
 Need lamentation for him ?" 
 
 J. Fletcher, Valentinian, iv. 4. 
 330. " Fix here, and rest awhile your sail-stretched 
 wings, 
 That have outstript the winds." 
 
 J. Fletcher, The Prophetess, ii. 3. 
 
V. 334 — 262' 
 
 BOOK L 
 
 V. 262—391. 
 
 «9 
 
 When years wheel by — that hence should 
 
 chieftains rise, 
 From Teucer's blood recovered, who the 
 
 What counsel, O my 
 
 Sooth herewith the 
 350 
 
 Who lands, should hold with universal 
 
 sway, — 
 Thou hast engaged. 
 
 sire. 
 Hath changed thee ? 
 
 set of Troy, 
 And her disastrous wreck I used to suage. 
 While balancing conflicting fates with fates. 
 The selfsame fortune at this hour pursues 
 My heroes, hunted by so many risks. 
 What end assign'st thou of their toils, great 
 
 king? 
 Antenor, from the midst of Greeks escaped, 
 Could pierce in safety the Illyrian gulfs, 
 And inmost realms of Liburns, and o'erpass 
 Timavus' spring, where through its outlets 
 
 nine, 
 With thund'ring mountain-din, it flushes 
 
 forth 360 
 
 A bursten sea, and with a roaring flood 
 O'erwhelms the fields. Here ne'ertheless 
 
 did he 
 The city of Petavium found, and homes 
 Of Teucri, and a title to the race 
 Assigned, and fastened up the Trojan arms : 
 Now sepulchred in tranquil rest he sleeps. 
 We, thine own offspring, in whose favor 
 
 thou 
 Dost nod [bestowal of] the height of 
 
 heaven, 
 Our vessels — O unutterable ! — lost, 
 Are, owing to the spleen of one, betrayed. 
 And severed far from Italy's coasts. Is 
 
 this 371 
 
 The compliment to piety ? Is't thus 
 That thou restorest us to sceptral sway ?" 
 
 Smiling on her, the sire of men and gods. 
 With mien, wherewith the welkin and the 
 
 storms 
 He clears, the liplets of his daughter 
 
 sipped ; 
 Thereon such like he speaks : " Refrain 
 
 from fear, 
 O Cytherea ; stirless rest for thee 
 Thy people's destinies. Thou shalt behold 
 Lavinium's city and its promised walls. 
 And waft aloft to stars of heav'n high- 
 
 souled 381 
 
 y^neas ; neither me hath counsel changed. 
 He shall for thee — for I will it announce. 
 Since this concern is preying on thy mind, 
 And, farther [in the future] wheeling round 
 
 348. Is not omni ditioHt like omnem prosp«ctutH t 
 V. 180. 
 384. Or, of course more literally: "upon thee." 
 
 The secrets of the Destinies, will I| 
 Awake them — carry on a mighty war 
 In Italy, and furious clans shall crush, 
 And laws and cities for the people found ; 
 Until third summer shall have him beheld 
 In Latium reigning, and three winter 
 
 [-tides] 391 
 
 Have passed away for Rutuli subdued. 
 Moreo'er, the boy Ascanius, [he,] to whom 
 The surname of lulus now is joined, 
 (Ilus it was, so long as Ilion's state 
 In empire stood), shall in his sway com- 
 plete 
 Thrice ten great cycles with revolving 
 
 months. 
 And from Lavinium's seat the kingly power 
 Translate, and rampart with a world of 
 
 strength 
 Long Alba. Here now monarchy shall last 
 For full three hundred years 'neath Hector's 
 
 line, 401 
 
 Till Ilia, priestess of a royal strain. 
 With child by Mars, shall at a birth present 
 A double progeny. Then Romulus, 
 In tawny cov'ring of a female wolf. 
 His nurse, rejoiced, [the sceptre otj the race 
 Shall undertake, and build Mavortian walls, 
 And Romans call them after his own name. 
 To these I set nor bounds nor times of 
 
 power : 
 Dominion without end have I vouchsafed. 
 Nay, Juno fierce, who now the sea, and 
 
 lands, • 411 
 
 And sky, is vexing with alarm, shall change 
 Her counsels for the better, and with me 
 The Romans foster, of the universe 
 The masters, and a toga-mantled race. 
 'Tis thus decreed. As lustra glide away 
 An age shall come, what time Assarac's 
 
 house 
 Shall Pthia and renowned Mycenae grind 
 In bondage, and o'er conquere<l Argos rule. 
 Of glorious pedigree there shall be bom 
 A Trojan, Caesar, who his sovereign sway 
 Shall bound by ocean, by the stars his 
 
 fame ; 422 
 
 Julius, a title from lulus great 
 Derived. Him thou hereafter in the sky, 
 When laden with the booties of the East, 
 Shalt welcome, free from care : he, too, 
 
 with vows 
 Shall be invoked. Uncultured ages then 
 Shall grow to softness, battles laid aside. 
 
 405. " Some powerful spirit instruct the kites and 
 ravens 
 To be thy nurses ! Wolves and bears, they say. 
 Casting their savageness aside, have done 
 Like offices of pity." 
 
 Shakespeare, Wirtttr'* TaU, uL s. 
 41a. Or : "in alarm." 
 
90 
 
 V. 292 — 307. 
 
 THE yENEID. 
 
 V. 307 — 328. 
 
 Hoar Faith and Vesta, with his brother 
 
 Remus 
 Quirinus, laws shall issue ; dread with steel 
 And straitened links, War's portals shall 
 be shut ; 431 
 
 Within, the godless Furor, sitting down 
 Upon his felon armor, and enchained 
 With hundred knots of bronze behind his 
 
 back. 
 Shall thunder grisly with a mouth of blood." 
 These [words] he speaks ; and him of 
 Maia born 
 Despatches downward from the lofty [hea- 
 ven], 
 In order that the lands, and that the towers 
 Of Carthage, new [ly raised], might open lie 
 For hostry to the Trojans ; lest, of fate 
 Unknowing, Dido drive them from her 
 bounds. 441 
 
 He wings his way along the vast of air 
 Upon the oarage of his wings, and quick 
 On Libya's coasts alighted. And he now 
 Discharges his injunctions ; and their hearts 
 Of fierceness do the Tyrians lay aside. 
 At pleasure of the god. Among the first 
 The queen doth towards the Trojans enter- 
 tain 
 A peaceful spirit and a kindly mind. 
 
 But good ^neas, turning o'er thro' night 
 Full many [a thought], as soon as boun- 
 teous dawn 451 
 Was deigned, resolved to sally forth, and 
 search 
 
 435. Spenser's description of Sir Guyon's binding 
 Furor is very fine. The hint is evidently taken 
 from this passage : 
 " Then him to ground he cast, and rudely hayld, 
 
 And both his hands fast bound behind his backe, 
 And both his feet in fetters to an yron racke. 
 
 With hundred yron chaines he did him bind. 
 And hundred knots, that did him sore constraine : 
 Yet his great yron teeth he still did grind 
 And grimly gnash, threatning revenge in vaine : 
 His burning eyen, whom bloody strakes did staine. 
 Stared full wide, and threw forth sparkes of fyre : 
 And, more for ranck despight than for great paine, 
 Shakt his long locks colourd like copper wyre, 
 And bitt his tawny beard to show his raging yre." 
 F. Q., ii. 4, 14, 15. 
 
 In the address to Peace in Windsor Forest, Pope 
 alludes to similar consequences of her reign : 
 " Exiled by thee from earth to deepest hell. 
 In brazen bonds shall barbarous discord dwell ; 
 Gigantic pride, pale terror, gloomy care. 
 And mad ambition, shall attend her there ; 
 There purple vengeance, bathed in gore, retires. 
 Her weapons blunted, and extinct her fires ; 
 There hated envy her own snakes shall feel. 
 And persecution mourn her broken wheel ; 
 There faction roar, rebellion bite her chain. 
 And gasping furies thirst for blood in vain." 
 452. Constitint, v. 309, must be anticipated 
 here, in order to make the meaning intelligible 
 in English. 
 
 The novel spots ; what regions by the wind 
 He may have reached ; to seek who tenant 
 
 them ; 
 (For wastes does he perceive) — or be they 
 
 men, 
 Or savage creatures, — and to carry back 
 The facts discovered to his mates. The fleet 
 Within an amphitheatre of groves, 
 Beneath a vaulted cliff, encloistered round 
 With trees and fearful shades, he hides : 
 
 himself, 460 
 
 Attended by Achates only, paces on, 
 A pair of javelins waving in his hand, 
 With breadth of steel. 'Fore whom amid 
 
 the wood 
 His mother threw herself across his path, 
 Wearing the guise and garment of a maid. 
 And maiden's arms — one Sparta-born, or 
 
 like 
 Harpalyce of Thrace, [who] tires her steeds, 
 And wingy Hebrus in her flight outstrips. 
 For on her shoulders, in the wonted mode, 
 A handy bow, as huntress, had she hung. 
 And giv'n the gales her locks to scatter 
 
 round, 471 
 
 Bare at the knee, and with her flowing folds 
 Gathered in knot. And first is she to cry : 
 " Ho ! youths, inform me if you've haply 
 
 seen 
 One of my sisters straying here, begirt 
 With quiver, and the skin of dappled lynx. 
 Or with a shout the foaming boar's career 
 Hotly pursuing ?" Venus thus ; and thus 
 The son of Venus in reply began : 
 ' ' Of sisters thine not one has been by me, 
 [Or] heard, or seen. Oh ! whom shall I 
 
 thee name, 481 
 
 Thou maid ? For neither mortal is thy 
 
 mien. 
 Nor doth thy voice a human being speak. 
 
 474. Or: "reveal her." 
 
 482. Spenser must have had this passage in view 
 in the beautiful description of Belphoebe, which he 
 gives at great length : Faerie Q^ieene, ii. 3, 21-31. 
 Trompart replies to her like /Eneas, stanza 33 ; 
 " O goddesse, (for such I thee take to bee,) 
 For nether doth thy face terrestriall shew. 
 Nor voyce sound mortall ; I avow to thee 
 Such wounded beast, as that, I did not see, 
 Sith earst into this forrest wild I came. 
 But mote thy goodlyhed forgive it mee. 
 To weete which of the gods I shall thee name. 
 That unto thee dew worship I may rightly frame." 
 
 " By that heavenly form of thine. 
 
 Brightest fair, thou art divine. 
 
 Sprung from great immortal race 
 
 Of the gods, for in thy face 
 
 Shines more awful majesty 
 
 Than dull weak mortality 
 
 Dare with misty eyes behold. 
 
 And live." 
 J. Jb'letcher, The Faithful Shepherdess, i. i. 
 
V. 338—349. 
 
 BOOK L 
 
 ▼. 350—375. 
 
 91 
 
 Oh 
 
 sure a goddess ! Art thou Phoebus* 
 
 sister ? 
 Of the Nymphs' race art one ? Propitious 
 
 be, 
 And, whosoe'er [thou art], our travail ease ; 
 And underneath what clime at last, within 
 \Vhat regions of the globe, we xnay be 
 
 thrown. 
 Do thou instruct us. Ignorant alike 
 Of men and places, do we wander, driven 
 By tempest hither, and by mountain waves. 
 For thee shall many a sacrificial beast 492 
 Before thy altars fall by our right hand." 
 Then Venus : '* Verily, I do not deem 
 Myself deserving of such deep respect. 
 With Tyrian maids the custom is to bear 
 A quiver, and with purple buskin high 
 To swathe the legs. Thou Punic realms 
 
 dost see. 
 The sons of Tyrus, and Agenor's town ; 
 But Libyan are the lands, a race in war 
 Ungovernable. Dido bears the sway 501 
 Imperial, from the Tyrian city passed, 
 Her brother flying. Tedious is her wrong, 
 Its mazes tedious ; but I will pursue 
 The points most prominent of her affairs. 
 Her consort was Sych?eus, in his land 
 The richest of Phoenicians, and beloved 
 With deep affection of his hapless [spouse] ; 
 To whom her father had [the damsel] given 
 Unsullied, and with virgin omens yoked. 
 But Tyrus' sovereignty her brother held-^— 
 Pygmalion — in his guilt before all else 512 
 A greater monster ; between whom arose 
 Mad anger in the midst. That godless 
 
 [wretch] — 
 [E'en] at the altar's front, and blind with 
 
 love 
 Of gold, — Sychaeus, off his guard, 
 
 ^c 
 
 " A certain touch, or air. 
 That sparkles a divinity beyond 
 An earthly beauty." 
 
 Ben Jonson, The Alclumist, iv. i. 
 ' Thereat she blushing said : ' Ah ! gentle 
 iquire, 
 Nor goddesse I, nor angell ; but the mayd 
 And daughter of a woody nymphe.' " 
 
 Faerie Queene, iii, 5, 36. 
 499. Notwithstanding Wagner's view of genus, 
 V. 339, the popular opinion seems to be right. The 
 effort to relieve the word of an awkwardness in 
 apposition gives a strained and disjointed app)ear- 
 ance to the construction, an evil which would appear 
 to be worse than the other. 
 
 507. There docs not seem to have been in his 
 case any 
 
 " Strife 
 Of pity and fury ; but the gold 
 Made pity faint, and fury bold." 
 Middlcton, The Mayor of Queenborough, ii. 1. 
 510. " The miserable have 
 
 No other medicine, but only hope." 
 Shakespeare, Measure /or Measure, iii. i. 
 
 In secret overpowers with the sword, 
 Regardless of his sister's loves. And long 
 He masked the deed, and he, the miscreant. 
 Pretending many [a counterfeit], beguiled 
 The heart-sick lover with a hollow hope. 
 But in her slumbers rose the very ghost 
 Of her unburied husliand. Lifting up 523 
 His features, in a wondrous fashion wan, 
 He bared the bloody altars, and a breast 
 Pierced thro' and thro' with steel, and of 
 
 her home 
 Unravelled all the hidden guilt. Then flight 
 To speed, and from her country to with- 
 draw, 
 I He counsels ; and, as aidance for the route, 
 Old treasures he unbosoms from the earth, 
 An unknown weight of silver and of gold. 
 By these [disclosures] roused, her flight and 
 
 mates 532 
 
 Dido prepared. Assemble they, in whom 
 Or ruthless hatred of the despot dwelt, 
 Or terror keen. [Some] ships, which were 
 
 by chance 
 Equipped, they seize and freight with 
 
 gold : the wealth 
 Of miserly Pygmalion o'er the main 
 J^ borne : — a woman leader of the feat. 
 nThey reached the spots, where thou dost 
 
 now perceive 
 The giant walls, and rising citadel 540 
 Of infant Carthage ; and they purchased 
 
 ground, — 
 ([Called] Byrsa from the title of the act,) 
 What they could girdle round with [one] 
 
 bull's-hide. J 
 But, pray you, Who are ye, or from what 
 
 coasts 
 Have ye arrived, or whither hold your 
 
 route ?" 
 To her, in such inquiring, sighing he, 
 And from his deep of bosom heaving voice : 
 **0 goddess, if from their primeval source 
 Retracing them, I should proceed, and thou 
 Wert free to hear the records of our toils, 
 Eve first in cloistered heav'n would lull the 
 
 day. 551 
 
 Us from time-honored Troy (if thro' your 
 
 ears 
 
 519. " Their best conscience 
 
 Is, not to leave 't undone, but keep 't unknown." 
 Shakespeare, Othello, iii. 3. 
 522. " Darkness itself 
 
 Will change night's sable brow into a sunbeam 
 For a discovery." 
 
 Middleton, The Spanish Gipty, ii. a. 
 
 " Other sins only speak : murder shrieks out." 
 
 Webster, The Duchess 0/ Malji, iv. a. 
 
 539. Nunc cemes is rather a startling lection to 
 the reader of Virgil. There is good authority for 
 cernis, which is far preferable. 
 
92 
 
 V. 376—395. 
 
 THE AlNEID. 
 
 V. 395—412. 
 
 The name of Troy hath peradventure 
 
 passed), 
 Borne over severed seas, by chance its own, 
 A storm hath drifted on the Libyan coasts. 
 I am the good /Eneas, who my gods. 
 Reft from the foeman, carry in my fleet 
 With me, by fame beyond the sky re- 
 nowned. 
 I Italy seek, my country, and a race 
 From highest Jove [derived]. With twice 
 ten ships 560 
 
 Upon the sea of Phrygia I embarked. 
 My goddess-mother pointing out my path, 
 Pursuing oracles vouchsafed : scarce seven, 
 Rent by the waves and eastern blast, sur- 
 vive. 
 Myself unknown, in want, thro' Libya's 
 
 wilds 
 Roam on, from Europe and from Asia 
 driven." 
 Nor brooking his outpouring further 
 plaints. 
 Thus Venus interposed amid his grief : 
 *' Whoe'er thou art, not hated, [as] I deem. 
 Of heav'nly pow'rs, thou draw'st the breath 
 of life— 570 
 
 [Thou], who at Tyrus' city hast arrived. 
 Do thou but go thy way, and from this spot 
 Betake thee to the portals of the queen. 
 For I to thee announce thy mates returned. 
 And fleet restored, e'en wafted to [a port] 
 Of safety by the shifted northern gales ; — 
 Unless to bootless end the augur's art 
 Have my mistaken parents taught. Be- 
 hold 
 [Those] twice six swans, exulting in a troop ; 
 Whom, swooping from the empyrean clime, 
 Jove's iDird was troubling in the open sky : 
 
 579. In this troublesome comparison, which has 
 given rise to various conjectures, it would seem 
 pretty certain that capere terras refers to portum 
 tenet, and despectare capias to subit ostia. The 
 views generally taken seem either to be strained, or 
 to fail in parallelism. May not despectare refer to 
 the vessels in the rear, who were contemplating 
 those ahead of them already in port?' Some of the 
 swans had alighted, while the others were looking 
 down on them in their stations on the ground. 
 This is the view attempted to be expressed in the 
 version. 
 
 Marston employs a similar im.age for another, and 
 more natural purpose : 
 " Then looke as when a faulcon towres aloft 
 
 Whole shoales of foule, and flockes of lesser birds 
 Crouch fearefully, and dive, some among sedge, 
 Some creepe in brakes ; so Massinissa's sword, 
 Brandisht aloft, tost 'bout his shining caske, 
 Made stoop whole squadrons." 
 
 Sophonisba, ii. 2. 
 
 581. So Milton, P. L., b. xi. : 
 
 " The bird of Jove, stoop'd from his aery tour. 
 Two birds of gayest plume before him drove." 
 
 Now in a lengthful rank they either seem 
 To take their grounds, or gaze adown on 
 
 those 583 
 
 Already taken. As, on their return. 
 They are disporting with their whirring 
 
 wings. 
 And in a bevy have begirt the heavens. 
 And uttered forth their songs : not other- 
 wise 
 Thy ships alike, and flower of thy [friends], 
 Or hold the haven, or with canvas full 
 Its mouth are ent'ring. Only go thy way, 
 And where the path conducts thee steer 
 
 thy step." 591 
 
 She spake ; and, turning off, she flashed 
 
 [a sheen] 
 Back from her carmine neck, and from her 
 
 head 
 Ambrosial tresses heav'nly perfume 
 
 breathed ; 
 Her garment to her foot-soles wimpled 
 
 down, 
 And in her gait the goddess stood confessed. 
 When he his mother knew, with such ad- 
 dress 
 Did he pursue her, as she takes her flight : 
 ' ' For what dost thou, thou heartless too, 
 
 so oft 
 With phantom spectres make thy son a 
 
 sport ? 600 
 
 Why not vouchsafed to link right hand to 
 
 right, 
 And real words to hear and speak in turn ?" 
 In such he chides, and towards the walls 
 
 his step 
 Directs. But Venus, as they pace along, 
 Bescreened them in an atmosphere of 
 
 gloom, 
 And with a thick investiture of mist 
 
 592. Parnell finely describes the companion of the 
 Hermit turning into an angel : 
 
 *' But scarce his speech began. 
 When the strange partner seem'd no longer man ; 
 His youthful face grew more serenely sweet ; 
 His robe turn'd white, and flow'd upon his feet ; 
 Fair rounds of radiant points invest his hair ; 
 Celestial odours breathe through purpled air ; 
 And wings, whose colours glitter'd on the day. 
 Wide at his back their gradual plumes display. 
 The form ethereal bursts upon his sight, 
 And moves in all the majesty of light." 
 
 The Hermit. 
 
 The passage may call to mind Milton's descrip- 
 tion of Eve : 
 " Grace was in all her steps, Heav'n in her eye. 
 
 In every gesture dignity and love." P. L., b. 8. 
 
 Was Chaucer in Milton's mind ? — 
 " Lo, truely they written, that her seien. 
 That Paradis stood formed in her eien 
 And with her riche beauty evermore 
 Strove love in her, aie which of hem was more." 
 Troilus and Cress eide, st. 117. 
 
V. 412—444. 
 
 BOOK I, 
 
 V. 444—466. 
 
 9J 
 
 The goddess compassed them, lest any 
 
 might 
 Avail to see them, or to touch, or plan 
 Delay, or reasons of their coming ask. 
 Herself to Paphos borne aloft departs, 610 
 And blithesome visits her own seats again ; 
 Where to her [honor stands] a fane, and 
 
 glow 
 A hundred altars with Sabaean cense. 
 And [fragrance] breathe from girlonds 
 fresh [ly culled]. 
 Meanwhile they seized the way where 
 points the path. 
 And now they scaled the hill, which beetles 
 
 huge 
 The city o'er, and at the facing towers 
 Peers from above. yl£neas marvels at the 
 
 pile, 
 Erst Punic cabins ; marvels at the gates. 
 And at the din, and pavements of the 
 streets. 620 
 
 The Tyrians hotly ply. Some stretch the 
 
 walls, 
 And rear the citadel, and with their hands 
 Uproll the stones ; some fix upon a site 
 For homestead, and with furrow shut it in. 
 They statutes [pass], and magistrates elect. 
 And senate held in rev'rence ; others here 
 The harbors excavate ; here others lay 
 The deep foundations of a theatre, 
 And giant pillars from the rocks hew out, 
 The lofty garniture for coming scenes. 630 
 Such toil, as 'neath the sun employs the 
 
 bees. 
 In early summer in the bloomy fields. 
 When they the full-grown offspring of the 
 
 race 
 Lead forth, or when they fluid honeys pack. 
 And with the luscious nectar puff the cells ; 
 Or burdens of [the workers] coming in 
 Receive, or, in battalion formed, the 
 
 drones, 
 A lazy cattle, banish from the cribs : 
 Work glows, and scented honeys smell of 
 
 thyme. 
 •' O happy ye, whose walls already rise !" 
 Exclaims yEneas, and he gazes up 641 
 Upon the city-heights. He moves him on, 
 Fenced in with cloud (a marvel to be told). 
 Among the midst, and mingles with the 
 
 men. 
 Nor is perceptible to any [eye]. 
 
 A grove in centre of the city stood. 
 In shadow full luxuriant, in which spot 
 At first, by surges and tornado tossed. 
 The Carthaginians dug an omen forth, 
 Which had the queenly Juno pointed out — 
 
 A sprightly courser's head ; — for in this 
 
 way 65 1 
 
 [Was it foretokened] that the race would 
 
 prove 
 Matchless in war and fruitful in resource, 
 Throughout [all] ages. Here a vasty fane 
 To Juno the Sidonian Dido reared. 
 In gifts and godhead of the goddess rich ; 
 Upon the steps whereof bronze thresholds 
 
 rose. 
 And, linked with bronze, the timbers ; 
 
 creaked the hinge 
 With folding-doors of bronze. 'Twas in 
 
 this grove • 
 
 A novel feature soothed their first alarm ; 
 Here first ^neas safety dared to hope, 661 
 And better trust in his distressed estate. 
 For while he pores o'er every single [sight] 
 'Neath the vast temple, waiting for the 
 
 queen ; 
 While, what [kind] fortune on the city 
 
 rests. 
 And at the works of artists each with each 
 And toil of tasks, he marvels — he beholds 
 The fights of Ilium in their course [por- 
 trayed]. 
 And wars, already all throughout the globe 
 Bruited abroad by rumor ; Atreus' sons. 
 And Priam, and Achilles, fell to both. 67 1 
 He paused, and weeping: "Now what 
 
 spot," he cries, 
 " Achates, what the country on the earth. 
 That is not of our suff'ring full? Lo, 
 
 Priam I 
 E'en here for merit are its own rewards ; 
 Tears are there for misfortunes, and the soul 
 [The woes] of mortals touch. Dismiss thy 
 
 fears ; 
 To thee will this renown bring some relief." 
 In such wise speaks he, and his fancy feeds 
 With th' empty portrait, heaving many a 
 groan, 680 
 
 And with a plenteous flow bedews his face. 
 For he beheld how Pergamus around 
 
 631. Sec notes on Geo. iv. 79, and 313, &c. 
 
 653. Few expressions in all Virgil's works have 
 given more trouble to the commentators than 
 facilem victu. Trapp very innocently wishes that 
 he never had written it, and seems to be a little 
 ashamed of his idolised author for having done so. 
 His own interpretation supplies an excellent and 
 consistent sense ; but few scholars will be found to 
 endure his giving an active signirtcatiou to a passive 
 supine. It is better to regard the word as a sub- 
 stantive, being thus used in connection ■<M\%^/acilem 
 by Virgil himself in Geo. ii. v. 460. Sec y£«., 
 iii. 540- 
 658. The " timbers;" i.e., the "door-posts." 
 668. " Your brave gilt house, my lord, your 
 
 honour's hangings. 
 Where all your ancestors, and all their battles. 
 Their silk and golden battles, are deciphered." 
 J, Fletcher, The Loyal Subject, ii. i. 
 
94 
 
 V. 467—^ 
 
 THE jENEID. 
 
 V. 489 — 516. 
 
 The battling Greeks were flying here; 
 
 Troy's youth 
 Were hot pursuing ; there the Phrygians 
 
 [fled], 
 On pressed the plumed Achilles in his car. 
 Nor hence afar, with canvas white as snow, 
 The tents of Rhoetus does he recognise, 
 A-weeping, which in maiden sleep betrayed, 
 The bloody son of Tydeus made a waste 
 With butchery immense, and drove aloof 
 His fiery coursers to the camp, ere they 
 Had tasted .of the provender of Troy, 692 
 And drank the Xanthus. In another part 
 The flying Troilus, with loss of arms — 
 Ill-fated youth ! and notamatch when joined 
 In duel with Achilles ! — by his steeds 
 Is borne, and to the empty chariot cleaves 
 Upon his back, the reins engrasping still ; 
 And neck and locks are trailed along the 
 
 earth, 
 And with inverted spear the dust is scored. 
 Meanwhile were pacing onward to the fane 
 Of Pallas — not their friend — the Trojan 
 dames 702 
 
 With streaming tresses, and her Robe they 
 
 bare 
 Inprayerfulfashionsad,and with their breasts 
 Struck by their hands : the goddess, turned 
 
 aloof. 
 Her eyes kept riveted upon the ground. 
 Thrice had Achilles round the Ilian walls 
 Dragged Hector, and his breathless corse 
 
 for gold 
 Was selling. Then he sooth a heavy groan 
 Draws from his bosom's depth, when spoils, 
 when cars, 710 
 
 And when the very body of his friend. 
 And Priam, stretching forth unweaponed 
 
 hands, 
 He viewed. Himself he also recognized, 
 Mingled among the chieftains of the Greeks ; 
 
 683. " There is a thousand Hectors in the field : 
 iSTow here he fights on Galathehis horse. 
 And there lacks work ; anon, he's there afoot. 
 And there they fly, or die, like scaled sculls 
 Before the belching whale ; then is he yonder. 
 And there the strawy Greeks, ripe for his edge. 
 Fall down before him, like the mower's swath,- 
 Here, there, and every where, he leaves, an^i 
 
 takes ; 
 Dexterity so obeying appetite. 
 That what be will, he does ; and does so much, 
 That proof is call'd impossibility." :, '. " 
 
 Shakespeare, Trdihis and Cressida, v. 5. 
 
 687. Shakespeare alludes to this event in 3 
 
 Henry VI., iv. 2 : 
 
 " Our scouts have found the adventure very easy : 
 That as Ulysses, and stout Diomede, 
 With slight and manhood stole to Rhoesus' tents, 
 And brought from thence theThracian fatal steeds ; 
 So we, well cover'd with the night's black mantle. 
 At unawares may beat down Edward's guard." 
 
 And th' Eastern lines, and swarthy Mem- 
 
 non's arms. 
 Leads files of Amazons with moony shields 
 Penthesilea frantic, and amidst 
 Her thousand [squadrons] is she all ablaze, 
 Her golden sashes clasping on beneath 
 A pap projecting, — [she,] the warrioress ! 
 And dares, a maiden, to engage with men. 
 While these by Dardan-sprung ^neas, — 
 [scenes], 722 
 
 To claim his wonder, — are beheld ; while 
 
 he 
 Is senseless-struck, and, rooted [to the spot], 
 In one fixed gaze is clinging, to the fane 
 Queen Dido, in her beauty passing fair, 
 I Advanced, a mighty retinue of youths 
 j Close-thronging. Such as on Eurotas' 
 ! banks, 
 
 j Or through the brows of Cynthus, Dian plies 
 I The dances, whom, a thousand mountain- 
 I nymphs 730 
 
 ' Attending, this and that side circle round. 
 I Her quiver she upon her shoulder bears. 
 And, pacing, all the goddesses outtops ; 
 Delights thrill thro' Latona's silent breast. 
 Such Dido was ; such, blithe, she moved 
 
 her on 
 Among the midst, intent upon her task. 
 And future realm. Then at the goddess' 
 
 gates. 
 Amid the temple's vault, she, fenced with 
 
 arms, 
 And on a throne high cushioned, took her 
 seat. _ . . 739 
 
 She was dispensing to her subjects rights 
 And laws, and dealing evenly their toil 
 Of tasks in portions fair, or these by lot 
 Was drawing, when /Eneas suddenly 
 Sees Antheiis, and Sergestus, and the brave 
 Cloanthus, drawing nigh with throng im- 
 mense, 
 And others of the Teucri, whom o'er sea 
 The inky hurricane had wide dispersed, 
 And carried far away to other coasts. 
 At once he was amazed himself, at once 
 Achates both with joy and fear was thrilled. 
 In eagerness they burned to link right 
 hands; 751 
 
 But their uncertain state disturbs their 
 
 minds. 
 They keep disguised, and by the hollow cloud 
 
 717. _ 
 
 The spirit of a man 
 
 I'll take to me 
 borrow his boldness. 
 
 "he spirit of a man, borrow his boldness, 
 .nd force my woman's fears into a madness." 
 J. Fletcher, The Islatid P^'incess, iii. 3. 
 
 726. " A miracle ! 
 
 I mean of goodness ; for, in beauty, madam. 
 You make all wonders cease." 
 
 JJryden, All for Loz<c, ili. i. 
 
V. 516—54'. 
 
 BOOK L 
 
 T. 54'— 56a. 
 
 95 
 
 Our setting foot upon the foremost shore. 
 If ye the race of man, and mortal arms 
 Disdain, yet look for gods that mind [the 
 
 deeds] 
 Of right and wrong. >Eneas was our king, 
 Than whom none else more upright [livedj, 
 Nor greater was in piety, or war 
 And arms; which hero if the Weirds preserve. 
 If he is feeding on the breath of heaven. 
 Nor yet reposes with the grisly ghosts, 
 No fear there is, lest it should thee repent 
 That thou had'st been the foremost to 
 
 compete 800 
 
 In courtesy. [We] likewise cities have 
 Within the bourns of Sic'ly, aye and fields. 
 And famed Acestes from the blood of Troy. 
 Be it allowed our tempest-shattered fleet 
 To draw ashore, and timbers in the woods 
 To fit, and oars to dress ; if it is deigned 
 For Italy, with mates and king restored. 
 To steer ; that Italy and Latium we 
 In joy may seek. But if our safety all 
 Is reft away, and thee, most worthy sire 
 Of Teucri, doth the sea of Libya hold, 811 
 Nor hope of our lulus now remains, — 
 Still to the straits of Sicily at least, 
 And to our settlements prepared, where- 
 
 from 
 We have been carried hither, and to king 
 Acestes, [grant] we may repair." In such 
 Ilioneus : together all at once 
 The Dardans muttered with their voice 
 y^ [assent]. 
 
 "''^ Then briefly Dido, downcast in her look. 
 Speaks forth : *' Alarm dismiss ye from 
 
 your heart, 820 
 
 Enveloped, watch what chance [befalls] 
 
 the men ; 
 Upon what shore the fleet they leave ; why 
 
 come : 
 For deputies from all the galleys went. 
 Entreating favor, and amid a shout 
 The temple sought. As soon as entered in, 
 And in the presence of [the queen] was 
 
 deigned 
 The liberty of speech, with gentle breast 
 Ilioneus their chieftain thus began : 761 
 ** O queen, to whom hath Jove vouch- 
 safed to build 
 A city new, and haughty hordes to curb 
 In equity, we wretched sons of Troy, 
 By tempests carried over every sea. 
 Beseech thee, — from our vessels bid avaunt 
 Their cursed blazes, spare a holy race, 
 And take a nearer view of our estate. 
 We come not, either with the sword to 
 
 waste 769 
 
 The household-gods of Libya, or to turn 
 The booties rifled from you to the shores : 
 [Dwells] no such violence within our soul. 
 Nor such high insolence in conquered men. 
 There is a spot, — ' Hesperia ' do the 
 
 Greeks 
 By name entitle it, — an ancient land, 
 Puissant in arms and richness of its soil : 
 CEnotrian swains inhabited it [erst] ; 
 Now rumor [tells] that modems ' Italy ' 
 Have called the nation from their leader's 
 
 name. 779 
 
 Our course was hitherward, when in a trice 
 Uprising from the billow, rife in storm, 
 Orion flung us upon viewless shoals. 
 And far with wanton Austers e'en thro' 
 
 waves, — 
 Salt ocean mast' ring,— and through wayless 
 
 rocks, 
 Dispersed us. Hither to your coasts we few 
 Havd floated on. What race of men is this ? 
 Or what so wild a country tolerates 
 This usage ? From a hostelry of sand 
 Are we debarred ; wars wake they, and 
 
 forbid 789 
 
 782. " When with fierce winds Orion arm'd 
 Hath vex'd the Red Sea coast." 
 
 Milton, P. L., b. i. 
 
 " The roughening deep expects the storm, as sure 
 As red Orion mounts the shrouded heaven." 
 
 Armstrong, Health, b. iii. 
 789. " The air's as free for a fly as an eagle." 
 
 Ben Jonson, The New Inn, ii. 2, 
 • A handful of poor naked men we are, 
 Thrown on your coast, whose arms are only 
 
 prayer, 
 That you would not be more unmerciful 
 Than the rough seas, since they have let us live 
 To find your charity." 
 
 Shirley, St. Patrick far Ireland, i. i. 
 
 792. " The eagle frowned, and shook his royal 
 wings. 
 
 And charged the fly 
 
 From hence to hie : 
 Afraid, in haste the little creature flings, 
 
 Yet seeks again. 
 Fearful, to perk him by the eagle's side : 
 
 With moody vein, 
 The speedy post of Ganymede replied : 
 ' VasMd, avaunt ! or with my wings you die : 
 Is't fit an eagle seat him with a fly ?' " 
 R. Greene, Alenaplion's Rcnindelay. See note 
 on line 820. 
 
 Ben Jonson thus winds up his tragedy oiSejanus : 
 
 " Let this example move the insolent man, 
 Not to grow proud and careless of the gods. 
 It is an odious wisdom to blaspheme, 
 Much more to slightcn, or deny their powers: 
 For whom the morning saw so great and high. 
 Thus low and litde 'fore the even doth lie." 
 
 816. Liceat, v. 551, is still understood. 
 
 still the eagle frowned : 
 Jhe silly fljf. 
 Ready to die, 
 Disgraced, displaced, fell gruvclling to the ground : 
 
 820. " The fly craved pity 
 Ify fl 
 
96 
 
 V. 562—579. 
 
 THE JENEID. 
 
 V. 579 — 600. 
 
 O Teucer's sons, solicitudes shut out. 
 My painful state, and infancy of realm, 
 Such measures force me to devise, and wide 
 My frontiers with a sentry to defend. 
 Who knows not th' kneads' race ? Troy's 
 
 city who ? 
 Their gallantry alike and gallant men. 
 Or conflagrations of so great a war ? 
 Not breasts so blunted do we Tyrians bear. 
 Nor yokes the Sun his coursers, turned 
 
 aloof 
 So far from Tyrus' city. Whether ye 830 
 The great Hesperia and Saturnian fields, 
 Or Eryx' bourns and king Acestes, choose, 
 Safe through my succor I will you dismiss. 
 And aid you with my means. And do ye 
 
 list 
 On equal terms with me to settle down 
 In these my realms ? — The city which I 
 
 build is yours ; 
 Draw up your ships ; the child of Troy 
 
 and Tyre 
 With no distinction shall by me be used. 
 And would to heav'n your king himself 
 
 were here, — 
 i^neas, driven by the selfsame blast ! 840 
 Assuredly throughout the shores true men 
 Will I despatch, and Libya's utmost bounds 
 Bid them examine, if a castaway 
 In any of its woods or towns he roams." 
 By these her words excited in their 
 
 soul, 
 
 The eagle saw, 
 And with a royal mind said to the fly : 
 
 ' Be not in awe ; 
 I scorn by me the meanest creature die ; 
 Then seat thee here.' The joyful fly up flings, 
 And sat safe-shadowed with the eagle's wings." 
 
 R. Greene, Menaphon's Roundelay. See note 
 on line 792. 
 
 834. If the hypothetical idea contained in sen and 
 sive is to be continued in vultis et, of which con- 
 struction there are many examples, the translation 
 must be altered thus : 
 
 " And if you list 
 On equal terms with me to settle down 
 In these my realms, the city which 1 build 
 Is yours." 
 
 " Come in, then, take possession of your own : 
 My lands, my house, my goods, and all is your's." 
 Webster, The Weakest goeth to the Wall, iv. 2. 
 The Trojans might safely have said : 
 
 " Do your pleasure. Sir : 
 Beggars must not be choosers." 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, The Honest Man's Far- 
 tune, V. 3. 
 
 840. Notus here must mean a strong wind in 
 general, as the south wind would drive xhtxafroJit 
 and not to Africa. 
 842. " A century send forth ; 
 
 Search every acre in the high-grown field. 
 
 And bring him to our eye." 
 
 Shakespeare, King Lear, iv. 4. 
 
 Alike the brave Achates, and the sire 
 ^Eneas, now were burning long ere this 
 To burst away the cloud. Achates first 
 /Eneas [thus] accosts : " O goddess-born, 
 What thought is now arising in thy mind ? 
 All safe thou see'st, thy fleet and mates 
 
 restored. 851 
 
 One absent is, whom we ourselves saw 
 
 whelmed 
 Amid the billow : to thy mother's words 
 All else replies." He scarce had spoken 
 
 these. 
 When suddenly the mantling cloud itself 
 Asunder splits, and melts to open air. 
 Still stood ^neas, and in crystal sheen 
 Gleamed forth, in face and shoulders like 
 
 a god. 
 For on her son his mother had herself 
 Becoming locks, and blooming light of 
 
 youth, 860 
 
 And in his eyes her sprightly graces, 
 
 breathed : 
 Such beauty as to iv'ry hands impart ; 
 Or when is silver, or the Parian stone. 
 In yellow gold encased around, uhen thus 
 The queen does he accost, and, unforeseen 
 By all, upon a sudden he exclaims : 
 " I, whom ye seek, am in your presence 
 
 here, 
 Trojan ^neas, snatched from Libyan 
 
 waves. 
 O [lady], who alone hast pity felt 
 For Troy's unutterable woes ; who us, 
 A remnant from the Greeks, now wearied 
 
 out 870 
 
 By all the hazards both of land and sea. 
 In want of all things, in thy city, home, 
 Thy partners makest ! throughly thee to 
 
 pa y 
 
 857. " Not great ^neas stood in plainer day. 
 When, the dark mantling mist dissolved a\yay. 
 He to the Tyrians show'd his sudden face. 
 Shining with all his goddess mother's grace : 
 For she herself had made his countenance bright, 
 Breathed honour on his eyes, and her own purple 
 
 light." 
 
 Dryden, Britannia Rediviva, 128-133. 
 
 858. " Not Lollia Paullina, nor those blazing stars. 
 Which make the world the apes of Italy, 
 
 Shall match thyself in sun-bright splendency." 
 Machin, The Dui7ib Knight, i. i. 
 869. " Dearest lady. 
 
 Great in your fortune, greater in your goodness. 
 
 Make a superlative in excellence. 
 
 In being greatest in your saving mercy." 
 
 Massinger, The Duke of Milan, lii. 3. 
 " Her goodness does disdain comparison. 
 
 And, but herself, admits no parallel." lb., iv. 3. 
 873. " 'Tis I am poor. 
 
 For I have not a stock in all the world 
 Of so much dust, as would contrive one narrow 
 Cabin to shroud a worm." 
 
 Shirley, The Brothers, iv. 5. 
 
V. 6oi— 6i8. 
 
 BOOK I. 
 
 V. 618^644. 
 
 97 
 
 Meet thanks is not, O Dido, in our power. 
 Nor that of Dardan race, — where er 'tis 
 
 found 
 In any spot, — which scattered is thro'out 
 The mighty globe. O may the gods on 
 
 thee 
 (If any pow'rs of heav'n regard the good, 
 If righteous dealing anywhere be aught, 
 A soul, too, that is conscious to itself 881 
 Of right,) the guerdons, thy desert, confer ! 
 "What so propitious ages gave thee birth ? 
 What such high parents gendered such [a 
 
 child] ? 
 While rivers to the seas shall run, while 
 
 shades 
 Shall sweep the mountains' jutting sides, 
 
 while heaven 
 Shall feed the stars, [thy] glory and thy 
 
 name, 887 
 
 And praises aye shall last, whatever lands 
 Call me." Thus having said, he clasps 
 His friend llioneus with his right hand, 
 And with his left Serestus ; then the rest ; 
 Brave Gyas also, and Cloanthus brave. 
 
 Sidonian Dido was in wonder lost, 
 First at the presence of the hero, next 
 At his so striking fortune, and she thus 
 Spake from her lip : " What fortune, 
 
 goddess- born, 
 Pursues thee onward through such grievous 
 
 risks ? 
 What power drives thee to our savage 
 
 coasts ? 
 Art thou that [world-renowned] ^neas, 
 
 whom 
 To Dardan-sprung Anchises Venus boon 
 
 875. " Would thou hadst less deserved, 
 
 1 hat the proportion both of thanks and payment 
 Might have been more ! Only I have left to say 
 More is thy due than more than all can pay." 
 
 Shakespeare, Macbeth, i. 4. 
 878. " But to those powers above, that can requite, 
 That from their wasteless treasures heap rewards. 
 More out of grace than merits, on us mortals. 
 To those I'll ever pray, that they would give you 
 More blessings than 1 have skill to ask." 
 
 May, The Heir, iv. 
 " Angels reward the goodness of this woman !" 
 Massinger, The Duke of Milan, i. 3. 
 881. " As high and hearty as youth's time of inno- 
 cence. 
 That never knew a sin to shape a sorrow by : 
 I feel no tempest, nor a leaf wind-stirring 
 To shake a fault ; my conscience is becalmed." 
 
 Middleton, A Game at Chess, iv. 1. 
 " Every good deed sends back its own reward 
 
 Into the bosom of the enterpriser." lb., iii. i. 
 884. " Happy the parents of so fair a child !" 
 
 Shakespeare, Taming of the Shrew, iv. 5. 
 894. " There is a minute. 
 
 When a man's presence speaks in his own cause. 
 More than the tongues of twenty advocates." 
 Massinger, The Fatal Dowry, i. i. 
 
 Bare at the wave of Phrygian Simois ? 901 
 Yea sooth I call to mind that Teucer 
 
 came 
 To Sidon, banished from his country's 
 
 bourns, 
 New kingdoms seeking by the aid of Bel : 
 Then Bel, my sire, was wasting Cyprus 
 
 rich. 
 And conq'ror holding it beneath his sway. 
 From that time forward has to me been 
 
 known 
 The Trojan city's fortune, and thy name. 
 And kings Pelasgic. He, thy foe, himself 
 Was used with praise distinguished to extol 
 The Teucri, and would have it he was 
 sprung 91 1 
 
 From th' ancient stock of Teucrians. Then 
 
 come, , 
 O youths, advance ye underneath our roofs. 
 Like fortune me, too, tossed through many 
 
 a toil. 
 Hath willed at last to settle on this land. 
 Not unacquainted with misfortune, I 
 The wretched learn to aid." Thus speaks 
 
 she forth : 
 At once /Eneas to the royal roofs 
 She leads ; at once within the fanes of gods 
 A sacrifice enjoins. Nor less meanwhile 
 She sends his mates on shore a sco re ol ^ - 
 
 bulls, 921 
 
 A hundred bristly backs of burly swine, 
 A hundred fatted lambkins with their dams, 
 The gifts and merry-making of the god. 
 But gorgeously with royal pomp the dome 
 Within is furnished, and amid the halls 
 The banquets they provide : — cloths 
 
 wrought with skill. 
 And haughty scarlet ; massy silver plate 
 Upon the tables, and, embossed in gold. 
 The brave achievements of her sires, a chain 
 Of great occurrences, exceeding long, 931 
 Extended thro' so many [gallant] men. 
 From the commencement of her ancient 
 race. 
 .<Eneas (for a father's love his mind 
 To be at rest allowed not), to the ships 
 
 916. " One, too, acquainted with calamities. 
 And from that apt to pity. Charity ever 
 Finds in the act reward, and needs no trumpet 
 In the receiver." 
 
 J. Fletcher, Tht Sea Woyage, ii. a. 
 
 " I hate to leave my friend in his extremities." 
 
 J. Fletcher, Tht lyoman Hater, ii. i. 
 
 Gray, happily, of Virtue when schooled by 
 Adversity : 
 
 " Stem, rugged nurse ! thy rigid lore 
 With patience many a year she bore : 
 What sorrow was, thou b.-id"st her know. 
 And from her own she leam'd to melt at others' 
 woe." Hymn to Adversity. 
 
 U 
 
98 
 
 V. 644—673. 
 
 THE yENEID. 
 
 V. 674 — 700. 
 
 Despatches fleet Achates in advance, 
 These [tidings] to Ascanius to report, 
 And to the town to lead [the youth] him- 
 self: 
 .*^tands [centred] in Ascanius every thought 
 (^f his fond parent. Presents, furthermore. 
 Rescued from Ilium's wreck, he bids him 
 
 bring ; — 941 
 
 A kirtle stiff with figures and with gold, 
 And, woven round with saffron-hued 
 
 acanth, 
 A veil, the Argive Helen's brave attire, 
 Which from Mycense she, when Pergamus 
 She sought, and nuptials disallowed, had 
 
 brought 
 Away, her mother Leda's wondrous gift. 
 Moreo'er, a sceptre, which Ilione, 
 Of Priam's daughters eldest, erst had 
 
 borne ; 
 And for the neck a necklace strung with 
 
 beads, 950 
 
 And, double with its jewels and with gold, 
 A diadem. Despatching these [behests]. 
 His journey to the ships Achates bent. 
 
 But Cytherea machinations new. 
 New schemes, is turning over in her breast ; 
 That Cupid, changed in figure and in looks, 
 Should in the place of sweet Ascanius come, 
 And with the presents set the raging queen 
 Afire, and in her bones inweave his flame ; 
 Since sooth a house equivocal she fears, 
 And Tyrians double-tongued : fell Juno 
 
 stings, 961 
 
 And towards the night unrest returns again. 
 She therefore in these words winged Love 
 
 accosts : 
 " O son, my strength, my mighty pow'r 
 
 alone, 
 O son, who bolts Typhsean of the highest 
 
 sire 
 Disdainest, I to thee for refuge fly, 
 And humbly thy divinity entreat. 
 How brother thine, yEneas, round all shores 
 Is tossed upon the ocean, through the hate 
 Of Juno the unjust, is known to thee, 970 
 And in my grief thou oftentimes hast I. 
 
 grieved. 
 Him the Phoenician Dido entertains. 
 And stays with luring accents ; and I dread 
 What turn Junonian hospitage may take : 
 In such a grave conjuncture of affairs 
 She will not be at rest. On which account 
 To trap the queen beforehand with my 
 
 wiles. 
 And with the flame to vest her, I design. 
 
 961. " They shall find, 
 
 That to a woman of her hopes beguiled, 
 A viper trod on, or an aspic's mild." 
 
 J. Fletcher, 7'/i£ Spanish Curate, iv. 
 
 Lest she through any influence of heaven 
 May change her [feelings], but in potent 
 love 980 
 
 For my ^neas may with me be chained. 
 Now understand my notion [of the means], 
 Whereby thou may'st be able to effect 
 This [end]. The royal boy, my chief con- 
 cern, 
 At summons of his darling sire prepares 
 To go to Sidon's city, bearing gifts, 
 The remnants from the deep and flames of 
 
 Troy. 
 Him I, when drowsed in sleep, upon the 
 
 high 
 Cythera, or upon Idalia's [mount]. 
 Within my hallowed seat will hide away ; 
 Lest he in any wise avail to learn 991 
 
 My plots, or thwart them in the midst. 
 
 Do thou 
 His mien, for not beyond a single night, 
 With cunning counterfeit, and, boy [thy- 
 self], 
 The well-known features of the boy assume ; 
 That when shall Dido, in the height of 
 
 bliss. 
 Thee welcome to her bosom, in the midst 
 Of royal banquets and Lysean juice ; 
 When she shall grant embraces, and im- 
 print 
 Her luscious kisses, thou thy hidden fire 
 May'st inly breathe, and dupe her with thy 
 bane." looi 
 
 The words of his dear mother Love obeys, 
 And doffs his wings, and in lulus' gait 
 Rejoicing trips along. But Venus o'er 
 Ascanius' limbs a stilly rest bedews. 
 And, nestled in her breast, the goddess lifts 
 [The sleeper] to Idalia's lofty groves. 
 Where downy marjoram, exhaling [scent], 
 Imbosoms him in flow'rs and balmy shade. 
 And now, her word obeying, Cupid 
 paced, loio 
 
 And to the Tyrians bore the royal gifts, 
 Blithe, with Achates for a guide. When he 
 Arrives, beneath a prideful canopy, 
 ;Mie queen has just reposed her on a couch 
 Of gold, and throned her in the midst. 
 
 Now sire 
 yEneas, now too Troja's youth collect. 
 And on the outspread purple all recline. 
 
 1006. " Sleep, sleep, young angel ! 
 
 My care shall wake about thee." 
 
 Middleton, The Spanish Gipsy, iii. 3. 
 
 " When Venus would her dear Ascanius keep 
 A prisoner in the downy bands of sleep. 
 She odorous herbs and flowers beneath him 
 spread, 
 
 As the most soft and sweetest bed ; 
 
 Not her own lap would more have charmed his 
 
 head." Cowley, The Garden. 
 
y. 701—737. 
 
 BOOK L 
 
 ▼. 7*7—74*. 
 
 99 
 
 The serving-men give waters for their 
 
 hands, 
 And Ceres from the baskets fetch they 
 
 forth, 
 And towels bring with shaven nap. "Within 
 Handmaidens fifty, with whom rests the 
 
 charge 102 1 
 
 In long array the viands to dispose. 
 And magnify the household-gods with fires; 
 A hundred others, and as many youths 
 Of service, matches in their age, with cates 
 The boards to burden, and to set the cups. 
 Yea, too, the Tyrians thro' the merry halls 
 Together flocked in numbers, [e'en] en- 
 joined 
 Upon the broidered sofas to recline. 
 They gaze in wonder at /Eneas' gifts ; 
 In wonder at lulus do they gaze, 103 1 
 
 And at the glowing features of the god. 
 And his feigned accents ; at the kirtle too, 
 And veil, embroidered with the saffron- 
 
 hued 
 Acanthus. Chief of all, the hapless one, 
 Abandoned to the coming plague, her soul 
 Cannot have sated, and by gazing grows 
 The hotter, — [she,] Phoenicia's dame, — and 
 
 is alike 
 Excited by the boy and by his gifts. 
 When he upon ^Eneas's embrace 1040 
 
 And neck has hung, and cloyed the mighty 
 
 love 
 Of his pretended sire, he seeks the queen. 
 She with her eyes, with all her soul she 
 
 hangs 
 On him, and fonds him to her breast at 
 
 times ; — 
 [She,] Dido, — wareless what a potent god 
 Was rooting down within her wretched self 
 But mindful of his Acidalian mother he 
 By slow degrees Sychaeus to efface 
 Begins, and by a living passion aims 
 To prepossess affections, now long since 
 At quiet, and a heart unused [to love]. 
 
 As soon as in the banquet was a pause, 
 And boards were cleared, huge wassail- 
 bowls they set, 1053 
 And crown the wine. A din throughout the 
 
 courts 
 Arises, and along the spacious halls 
 Their voice they roll. Down burning 
 
 cressets hang 
 From gilded ceilings, and the night with 
 
 flames 
 
 1039. Or, perhaps : " deluded." 
 1056. " From the arched roof. 
 
 Pendent by subtle magic, many a row 
 Of starry lamps and blazing cressets, fed 
 With Naphtha and Asphaltus, yielded light 
 As from a sky." Milton, V. L., b. i. 
 
 Wax-torches overpower. Here the qu^^ 
 A bowl, with jewels weighty and with 
 
 gold, 
 Required, and brimmed it up with taintless 
 
 wine, — 1060 
 
 Which Bel, and all from Bel were wont [to 
 
 brim]. 
 Then silence was observed throughout the 
 
 courts. 
 ** O Jove (for that thou grantest rights to 
 
 guests 
 They tell), that this a happy day alike 
 To Tyrians, and the voyagers from Troy, 
 May prove, be it thy pleasure, and that this 
 May our descendants in remembrance holcL 
 Be present Bacchus, giver of delight, 
 And Juno kind ; and Tyrians, O do ye 
 The union solemnize in friendly mood." 
 She said, and of the liquors spilled a gift 
 Upon the board, and first, when spilled, 
 
 [the rest] 1072 
 
 She reached as far as to her tip of lip ; 
 Then, rallying him, she it to Bitias gave. 
 He, nothing slack, drained off the foaming 
 
 bowl. 
 And swilled him from the brimming gold. 
 
 Next [drank] 
 The other nobles. On his gilded lute 
 The tressed lopas warbles o'er [the lay], 
 Which highest Atlas taught him. Chants 
 
 this [bard] 
 The rambling Moon and travails of the 
 
 Sun ; 
 Whence race of men, and flocks ; whence 
 
 rain, and fires ; 108 1 
 
 Arcturus, and the rainy Hyades, 
 And twain Triones ; wherefore speed so 
 
 fast 
 To dip them in the ocean wintry Suns, 
 Or what delay withstands the laggard 
 
 nights. 
 
 " As heaven with stars, the roof with jewels glows. 
 And ever living lamps depend in rows." 
 
 Pope, Temple 0/ Fame. 
 
 " Her room 
 Outbraved the stars with several kinds of light*:." 
 Webster, yittoria Corombona, iii. 2. 
 1075. " Did I not find thee gaping, like an oyster 
 For a new tide ? Thy very thoughts lie bare. 
 Like a low ebb ; thy soul, that rid in sack. 
 Lies moored for want of liquor." 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Bonduca, i. 7. 
 1078. Bards in ancient times wore their hair vcr>* 
 long. The reader may, perhaps, readily call to 
 mind this element in the grand description of one 
 of their number, in Gray's noble Ode: 
 " Robed in the sable garb of woe. 
 With haggard eyes the poet stcjod ; 
 (Loose his beard, and hoary hair 
 Stream'd, like a meteor, to the troubled air.) 
 And with a master's hand, and prophet'^ fire. 
 Struck the deep sorrows of his lyre." 
 
 H 2 
 
100 
 
 V. 747—749. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 749—756. 
 
 Redouble with acclaim the men of Tyre, 
 And Trojans second them. Yea too, the 
 
 night 
 With diverse talk unhappy Dido eked, 
 
 1086. The enthusiasm of his auditors, in so warmly 
 clapping lopas, shows that they would not have 
 come under the lash of Lorenzo ; Shakespeare, 
 Merchant of Venice, v. i : 
 
 " Therefore the poet 
 Did feign that Orpheus drew trees, stones, and 
 
 floods ; 
 Since nought so stockish, hard, and full of rage. 
 But music for the time doth change his nature : 
 The man that hath no music in himself, 
 Nor is not mov'd with concord of sweet sounds. 
 Is fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils ; 
 The motions of his spirit are dull as night. 
 And his affections dark as Erebus : 
 Let no such man be trusted." 
 
 And deep[ly] drank [of] passion, as she asks 
 Much about Priam, about Hector much ; 
 Now, in what arms Aurora's son had come ; 
 Now what were Diomedes' coursers ; now, 
 How puissant was Achilles. " Nay then 
 
 come, 1093 
 
 And from the first commencement tell us, 
 
 guest. 
 The stratagems of Danai," — she cries, — 
 "And hazards of thy [friends], and wan- 
 
 d'rings thine ; 
 For now the seventh summer wafts thee on, 
 A roamer over every land and wave." 
 
 389. " My ears, my greedy eyes, my thirsty soul. 
 Drank gorging in the dear delicious poison. 
 Till I was lost, quite lost." 
 
 Sm\ih, P/uedra and Hippolytus, i. i. 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
 All dropped to silence, and their faces kept 
 [Firm fixed], on him attent. Then thus 
 /" began 
 y^he sire yFneas from his lofty throne : 
 " Unspeakable, O queen, the grief thou 
 
 bid'st 
 Renew ; how Troja's wealth and piteous 
 
 realm 
 The Greeks uprooted, and those saddest 
 
 [scenes]. 
 Which I myself have witnessed, and 
 
 wherein 
 A leading part I bore. Such [miseries] 
 In telling, who of Myrmidons, or Dolopes, 
 Or [who,] the soldier of Ulysses stern, 10 
 Could keep from tears ? And now the 
 
 moistful night 
 Posts downward from the sky, and setting 
 
 stars 
 Are urging slumbers. But if [thee enthrals] 
 
 Line 2. " And Expectation, like the Roman eagle. 
 
 Took stand, and called all eyes." 
 
 J. Fletcher, The Prophetess, iii. i. 
 II. " Then, sighing soft awhile, at last she thus : 
 O lamentable fall of famous towne. 
 Which raignd so many yeares victorious. 
 And of all Asia bore the soveraigne crovvne, 
 In one sad night consumd and throwen downe ! 
 What stony hart, that heares thy haplesse fate. 
 Is not empierst with deepe compassiowne. 
 And makes ensample of mans wretched state. 
 That floures so fresh at morne, and fades at evening 
 
 late !" Spenser, F. Q., iii. 9, 39. 
 
 " My tears, like nifHing winds, locked up in caves, 
 
 Do bustle for a vent." 
 
 Ford, 'Phe Lover's Melancholy, v. i. 
 13. " For now the streaky light began to peep. 
 
 And setting stars admonish'd both to sleep." 
 
 Dryden, close of Hind and Panther. 
 
 So strong a passion our mishaps to learn, 
 And briefly hear of Troja's latest pang. 
 Although my soul at recollection quails, 
 And hath in woe recoiled, I will begin. 
 " Worn out by war, and baffled by the 
 fates, 
 The chiefs of Danai, — so many years 
 Now gliding past, — a horse of mountain- 
 size 20 
 By heav'nly handicraft of Pallas build, 
 And overlay its ribs with plank of fir : 
 An off 'ring they pretend for their return. 
 That rumor spreads. Herein the chosen 
 
 frames 
 Of heroes, culling them by lot, in stealth 
 Do they imprison in its darksome side, 
 And throughly its colossal vaultages. 
 And womb, with weaponed soldiery they 
 
 •* Within the view lies Tenedos, an isle 
 Full widely known by rumor, rich in 
 
 wealth. 
 
 30 
 
 While Priam's realm endured, now but a 
 
 bay. 
 And post of lame dependance for the ships. 
 Transported hither, on the lonely beach 
 They masked themselves. We deemed 
 
 that they had gone, 
 And with the breeze had for My cense made. 
 All Teucria therefore from her lengthened 
 
 woe 
 Herself releases ; opened are the gates ', 
 It joys to go and view the Doric camp, 
 
 16. " Remembrance wakes with all her busy train. 
 Swells at my breast, and turns the past to pain." 
 Goldsmith, Deserted Village. 
 
V. a 8 — 48. 
 
 BOOK m 
 
 r» 48-'^$. 
 
 -^01 
 
 And spots forsaken, and a quitted shore. 
 Here the Dolopians' hosts, here pitched 
 [his tent] 40 
 
 The fell Achilles ; for their galleys here 
 The station ; here in battailous array 
 To combat were they wont. Some stand 
 
 amazed 
 At unespoused Minerva's deathful gift, 
 And marvel at the hugeness of the horse. 
 And first Thymoetes moves that it be 
 
 brought 
 Inside the walls, and in the castle lodged ; 
 Whether in guile, or now the fates of Troy 
 Decreed it so. But Capys and [the rest], 
 Within whose mind a sounder judgment 
 [dwelt], 50 
 
 Or in the sea the ambush of the Greeks, 
 And their mistrusted off 'rings, bid to fling, 
 And burn them up with blazes underlaid ; 
 Or of the womb the vaulted lurking-holes 
 To bore and probe. The commons, un- 
 resolved, 
 Into conflicting sentiments is split. 
 
 '* There first ahead of all, with throng 
 immense 
 Attending him, Laocoon, afire, 
 Down from the summit of the castle runs ; 
 And from afar : ' O wretched citizens, 60 
 What such wild frenzy [this] ? Do ye 
 
 believe 
 Our foes withdrawn ? Or think ye any gifts 
 Of Grecians are devoid of craft ? Is thus 
 Ulysses known? Or, prisoned in this wood, 
 Achaeans are concealed, or this is framed 
 An engine 'gainst our walls, to overpeer 
 Our homes, and on the city from on high 
 To pounce ; or lurking lies some trick. 
 The horse 
 
 44. It is very stiff to make Minerva, v. 31, the 
 dative case ; nor is it at all according to the usage 
 of Virgil, who continually uses the genitive under 
 such circumstances; e.g., Templum conjugis an- 
 tiqui, yEn. iv. 457. See also yEn. xi. 4, yota 
 Deum. 
 
 53. It is not meant that the same individuals re- 
 commended destruction both by water and fire ; 
 but that, of those who advocated the total de- 
 struction of the horse, some proposed the one and 
 some the other ; or, if this should not be consented 
 to, at least terebrare et tentare, &c. This explains 
 the use oi que, for which xive be read, an awkward 
 uncertainty results from the use of the following 
 aut. 
 
 66. "The prince's espials have informed me. 
 
 How the English, in the suburbs close intrench'd. 
 
 Wont, through a secret grate of iron bars 
 
 In yonder tower, to overpeer the city ; 
 
 And thence discover, how, with most advantage. 
 
 They may vex us with shot, or with assault." 
 
 Shakespeare, i Henry VI., i. 4. 
 
 68. " There is a devilish cunning 
 
 Expressed in this black forgery." 
 
 Webster, Appius and Virginia, iii. a. 
 
 Trust not, O Trojans ! whatsoe'er that be, 
 I dread the Grecians, even bringing gifts.' 
 Thus having spoken, his prodigious spear 
 With lusty pow'rs upon the monster's side, 
 And on its paunch, with joinings arched, 
 
 he hurled. 73 
 
 It quiv'ring stood, and from the womb 
 
 convulsed 
 The vaults rang hollow, and gave forth a 
 
 groan. 
 And if the gods* decrees, if reason not 
 
 obtuse, 
 Had been [our blessed lot], he had enforced 
 The marring of th' Argolic shrouds with 
 
 steel ; 
 And, Troy, thou would'st be standing now, 
 
 and thou, 
 O Priam's stately castle, would'st remain.^ 
 "Behold, meanwhile, a stripling, witn 
 
 his hands 81 
 
 Pinioned behind his back, with lusty shout 
 Were Dardan shepherds haling to the king; 
 Who had, a stranger, of his free accord 
 Himself presented to them as they came. 
 That he this very [plot] might carry out, 
 And open Troja to Achaia's sons ; — 
 Self-confident in spirit, and prepared 
 For either issue, — or to work his wiles, 
 Or fall before indubitable death. 90 
 
 From every quarter, in the zeal to see. 
 Poured round, the youth of Troja tides 
 
 amain. 
 And vie in making of the prisoner sport. 
 Now hear the stratagems of Danai, 
 And from a single outrage learn them all. 
 For when amid our gaze, confused, un- 
 armed. 
 He stood, and with his eyes the Phrygian 
 
 hosts 
 Beheld around : ' Ah ! now what land,* 
 
 he cries, 
 * What seas can welcome me ? Or what 
 
 doth now 
 For hapless me at last remain, for whom 
 With Greeks no further is there any place ; 
 Yea, too, the very Dardans in their rage 
 Vengeance with blood demand ?' By which 
 his moan 103 
 
 Our minds were wholly changed, and all 
 assault 
 
 100. " Your melancholy mole is happy now ; 
 He fears no officers, but walks invisible. 
 Would I were chamber-fellow to a worm ! 
 The rooks have princely lives that dwell upon 
 The tops of trees ; the owls and bats arc gentlemen. 
 They fiy, and fear no warrants ; every hare 
 Outruns the constable ; only poor man, 
 By nature slow and full of phlegm, must sUy, 
 And stand the cursed law.' 
 
 Shirley, Tht Imposture, v. 4. 
 
■V. 74— 9 V 
 
 THE jENEID. 
 
 V. 94—115. 
 
 Was stifled. We encourage him to speak : 
 From what blood sprung, or what he brings, 
 
 to say, 
 Where his reliance as a pris'ner rests. 
 He these, — alarm at last discarded, — 
 
 speaks : 
 ** ' Yea all to thee, O king, whate'er 
 
 result, 
 Will I,' saith he, 'acknowledge in their 
 
 truth; no 
 
 Nor that I am of Argive race disown. 
 This first : nor if hath Fortune Sinon 
 
 shaped 
 A wretch, shall she, unscrupulous, beside 
 Shape him a hollow and a lying [knave]. 
 If haply in discourse hath reached thine ears 
 Such name as that of Palamede, from Bel 
 Descended, and his rumor-noised renown. 
 Whom the Pelasgi, 'neath a baseless charge. 
 Unguilty under evidence accursed. 
 Since he discountenanced their wars, sent 
 
 down 120 
 
 To death : — they mourn him now when reft 
 
 of light :— 
 Me as his comrade, e'en by link of blood 
 Allied, a needy father, hither sent 
 To warfare from its earliest date. W^hile 
 
 he 
 Stood firmly in his puissance unimpaired. 
 And flourished in the cabinets of kings. 
 We, too, both some repute and dignity 
 Have borne. As soon as through the jea- 
 lous hate 130 
 Of cozening Ulysses, — [matters] not un- 
 known 
 I speak, — from upper regions he withdrew, 
 Heart-broken, I my life in gloom and grief 
 Dragged out, and inly with resentment 
 
 viewed 
 The downfall of my unoffending friend ; 
 
 107. Or : " We encourage him to tell 
 
 From what blood sprung, or [message] what he 
 
 brings, 
 To say what meant his confidence when caught." 
 
 113. " I am unfortunate, but not ashamed 
 
 Of being so : No ! let the guilty blush." 
 Southern, Oroonoko, i. 2. 
 " What ! because we are poor 
 Shall we be vicious ?" 
 
 Webster, Vittoria Coro7nbona, i. 2. 
 " To seem to be, and not be what I seem, 
 Are things my honest nature understands not." 
 Dryden, Cleomenes, iii. i. 
 
 130. Or : "jealousy." 
 
 131. " I could so roll my pills in sugared syllables. 
 And strew such kindly mirth o'er all my mischief. 
 They took their bane in way of recreation." 
 
 Middleton, A Game at Chess, i. 1. 
 " Of all wild beasts preserve me from a tyrant. 
 And of all tame a flatterer." 
 
 Ben Jonson, Sej'anns, i. 2. 
 
 Nor held my peace, — a madman ! — yea I 
 
 vowed 
 That I, if any chance allowed, if e'er 
 To my paternal Argos I returned 
 A conqueror, would his avenger prove ; 
 And by my words a bitter hate aroused. 
 Hence [fell] on me misfortune's earliest 
 
 blight ; 
 Hence ever used Ulysses to alarm 140 
 
 With fresh impeachments ; hence he used 
 
 to strew 
 Equivocal expressions through the mob. 
 And seek in complot means of [harm] ; 
 
 nor, sooth. 
 He rested till, with Calchas for a tool, — 
 But yet why these distasteful truths do I 
 In vain unfold ? Or wherefore you detain ? 
 If all Achaeans in one rank ye hold. 
 And this it is enough to hear, at once 
 Take vengeance : this the Ithacan would 
 
 wish. 
 And Atreus' sons at heavy cost would buy.' 
 ' ' But then we burn to question, and to 
 seek 151 
 
 The reasons, unaware of villainies 
 So deep, and craft Pelasgic. Quaking he 
 Proceeds, and from a traitor-bosom speaks : 
 " ' Oft longed the Danai their flight to 
 plan, 
 Troy left behind, and with the lengthened 
 
 war 
 Outwearied, to retire ; — and would to 
 
 heaven 
 That they had done so ! Often shut them in 
 A felon storm of ocean ; Auster, too, 
 Alarmed them on their setting out. In 
 chief, 160 
 
 When now this horse stood framed with 
 
 maple beams, 
 All thro' the welkin thundered squalls of rain. 
 We, poised in doubt, Eurypylus despatch, 
 Who Phoebus' oracles consults, and he 
 
 136. " Wrath covered carries fate : 
 
 Revenge is lost if I profess my hate." 
 
 Ben Jonson, Sejanus, i. end. 
 142. " Your faith freighted 
 
 With lies, malicious lies ; your merchant Mischief; 
 He that ne'er knew more trade than tales, and 
 
 tumbling 
 Suspicions into honest hearts." 
 
 J. Fletcher, Thierry and Theodoret, i. i. 
 So Satan in Milton's Paradise Lost, b. v. : 
 
 " And casts between 
 Ambiguous words and jealousies, to sound 
 Or taint integrity." 
 
 149, " Truth laughs at death. 
 
 And terrifies the killer more than killed ; 
 Integrity thus armless seeks her foes." 
 
 J. Fletcher, The Queefi of Corinth, iv. 3. 
 
 159. Milton so appUes "felon" to the winds in 
 Paradise Lost, b. i., and Lycidas, 
 
V. 115 — 138. 
 
 BOOK IT. 
 
 V. 138—155. 
 
 10$ 
 
 These drear announcements from the shrines 
 
 brings back : 
 ** By blood and by a butchered maid ye 
 
 stilled 
 The winds, when first, O Greeks, to Ilium's 
 
 shores 
 Ye came ; by blood must your return be 
 
 sought, 
 And by an Argive life atonement made." 
 Which sentence, when it reached the com- 
 mons' ears, 170 
 Their souls were mazed, and through their 
 
 inmost bones 
 An icy shudder ran, — for whom the Fates 
 Decree it, whom Apollo may demand. 
 Hereon the Ithacan, with vast ado. 
 Drags forth the prophet Calchas to the 
 
 midst : — 
 What mean those intimations of the gods 
 He importunes. And many now to me 
 The knave's unfeeling villainy presaged, 
 And silently the coming [issues] saw. 
 He twice five days is dumb, and, cloistered 
 
 up, 180 
 
 Refuses to surrender any man 
 By word of his, and subject him to death. 
 He scarce at last, enforced by lusty calls 
 From th' Ithacan, by concert gives to voice 
 A vent, and for the altar me appoints. 
 All acquiesced ; and [woes], which for 
 
 himself 
 Each held in dread, when shifted from 
 
 [themselves] 
 For ruin of a single wretch, they bore. 
 And now the cursed day drew nigh ; for me 
 Were holy rites prepared, and salted grains. 
 And fillets [to entwine] around my brows. 
 Myself I rescued, I avow, from death, 192 
 And burst ray bonds ; and in an oozy pool 
 Through night-time hidden in the sedge I 
 
 lurked. 
 Till they should grant their canvas [to the 
 
 gale]. 
 If haply they would grant it. Nor with me 
 [Rests] any hope of seeing furthermore 
 My ancient country, nor my darling boys, 
 
 172. " I have a faint cold fear thrills through my 
 
 veins. 
 That almost freezes up the heat of life." 
 
 Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, iv. 3. 
 174, " Art thou a statesman. 
 
 And canst not be a hypocrite ? Impossible !" 
 Dryden, Don Sebiistian, iL x . 
 x86. " What man, when condemned, 
 
 Did ever find a friend ? Or who dares lend 
 An eye of pity to that star-crossed subject, 
 On whom his sovereign frowns t" 
 
 Massinger, 'J he Emperor 0/ the East, v. i. 
 192, " To cheat the cheater, was no cheat, but 
 justice." 
 
 Bco Joason, The Stable of News, v. x. 
 
 And parent sore-desired ; whom they per- 
 chance 
 E'en forfeits will exact for my escape, 200 
 And this my fault by death of hapless ones 
 Atone. Then thee by gods above and 
 
 Powers, 
 Who know my truth, by — (if there any be, 
 Which anywhere to mortals may abide), — 
 Unsullied faith, I pray compassionate 
 Such grievous woes, compassionate a soul 
 That undergoes [distresses] not deserved.' 
 ** To these his tears do we vouchsafe him 
 life. 
 And freely pity him. E'en first himself 
 From oiT the man his handcuffs, and the 
 bonds 210 
 
 Tight-straitened, Priam orders to be loosed. 
 And thus in words of kindliness he speaks : 
 * Whoe'er thou art, the Grecians, lost, hence- 
 forth 
 Do thou forget ; thou shalt be ours ; and 
 
 these 
 At my inquiry in their truth explain t 
 With what intent this pile of monster-horse 
 Have they erected ? Who the architect ? 
 Or what seek they? What is the holy end ? 
 Or what the enginery of war ?' He said. 
 The other, versed in wiles and Grecian 
 craft, 220 
 
 Uplifted to the stars his bond-stript hands : 
 ' Ye, deathless fires, and your divinity. 
 That may not be profaned, do I,' he cries, 
 
 205. " Do pity me ! 
 
 Pity's akin to love." Southern, Oroonoko, ii. a. 
 Laocoon might have said : 
 
 " Pray heaven it be no fault ! 
 For there's as much disease, though not to th' eye. 
 In too much pity as in tyranny." 
 
 Middleton, The Phamix, i. x. 
 
 206. " The auality of mercy Is not strained : 
 It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven 
 Upon the place beneath ; it is twice blessed : 
 It blesseth him that gives and him that takes ; 
 'Tis mightiest in the mightiest ; it becomes 
 The throned monarch better than his crown." 
 
 Shakespeare, Merchant of Venice, iv. i. 
 
 207. " If powers divine 
 behold our human actions, — as they do, — 
 
 I doubt not, then, but innocence shall make 
 False accusation blush, and tyranny 
 Tremble at patience." 
 
 Shakespeare, Winter's Tale, iii. a. 
 ao8. "A free confession of a fault wins pardon ; 
 But, being seconded by desert, commands it," 
 Massinger, The Bondman, iii. 4. 
 
 22a. So lago attests the stars; Shakespeare. 
 Othello, iii, 3 : 
 " Witness, you ever-burning lights above ! 
 You elements that clip us round about !" 
 
 " Then hear me, heaven, to whom I call for right. 
 And you, fair twinkling stars, that crown the 
 
 night." 
 J. Fletcher, TIu Faithful Skt/kerdess, iv. 4. 
 
104 
 
 V. 155—179. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 179 — 202. 
 
 ' Attest ; ye, altars and accursed swords, 
 Which I escaped, and fillets of the gods, 
 Which I a victim bare ; 'tis free to me 
 The hallowed obligations of the Greeks 
 To cancel ; it is free to me to loathe the 
 
 men, 
 And all [their plans] to bring beneath the 
 
 light. 
 If any they disguise ; nor am I tied 230 
 By any laws of country. Do but thou 
 By thy engagements stand, and when 
 
 thou'rt saved 
 Save thou thy credit, Troy, if I true [facts] 
 Adduce, if large [returns] I thee repay. 
 "'The Grecians' every hope and con- 
 fidence 
 Upon the war commenced, for ever stood 
 By Pallas' aid. But truly from the [hour,] 
 That Tydeus' godless son, Ulysses, too. 
 Crime-planner, the Palladium, big with 
 
 fate. 
 Essaying from her hallowed fane to wrest, — 
 The sentries of the highest tower slain, — 
 Engrasped the holy image, and with hands 
 Of blood the goddess' maiden wreaths 
 
 presumed 243 
 
 To taint, thenceforth began to ebb away. 
 And, slowly sinking, to be carried back, 
 The hope of Grecians ; shattered were 
 
 their powers ; 
 Estranged the goddess' mind. Nor tokens 
 
 these 
 With doubtful omens did Tritonia deign. 
 The image scarce was planted in the 
 
 camp : — 
 Flared bick'ring fires from its erected eyes. 
 And briny sweat coursed o'er its limbs ; 
 
 and thrice 251 
 
 She, — wondrous to be told, — from earth 
 
 sprang up. 
 Both buckler wielding and a quiv'ring lance. 
 Straight Calchas chanteth that the seas in 
 
 flight 
 Should be attempted ; nor that Pergamus 
 Could be uprooted by Argolic arms. 
 Unless the omens they should seek anew 
 At Argos, and the deity res'tore. 
 Which o'er the main, and in their bending 
 
 barks, 
 
 232. " For great men, 
 Till they have gained their ends, are giants in 
 Their promises, but, those obtained, weak pigmies 
 In their performance." 
 
 Massinger, 'Hie Great Duke of Florence, ii. end. 
 
 233. "Oh heaven! oh earth! bear witness to this 
 sound. 
 
 And crown what I profess with kind event, 
 If I speak true ; if hollowly, invert 
 What best is boded me to mischief !" 
 
 Shakespeare, Tempest, iii. i. 
 
 They with them have conveyed away. 
 
 And now, 260 
 
 Seeing that with the breeze they have 
 
 sought out 
 Their home Mycenae, arms and comrade- 
 gods 
 Are they preparing, and upon the main, 
 Repassed, will unexpectedly be here : 
 So Calchas methodises the portents. 
 This figure for Palladium's sake, for sake 
 Of the offended godship, they, when warned, 
 Erected, to atone their rueful guilt. 
 Howbeit Calchas ordered to upraise 
 [Of] monster [bulk] this pile, with car- 
 pentry 270 
 Of sturdy woods, and stretch it out to 
 
 heaven. 
 That through the gates it might not be 
 
 received. 
 Or brought within the city ; nor the race 
 Beneath the ancient veneration guard. 
 For, if your hand profaned Minerva's gifts, 
 Then vast destruction (which presage may 
 
 gods 
 The rather turn against himself!) to sway 
 Of Priam, and to Phrygians, would ensue. 
 But if by your own hands it mounted up * 
 Upon the city, Asia uncompelled 280 
 
 With mighty war to Pelops' walls would 
 
 come. 
 And these decrees our children's children 
 wait.' 
 *' By such a stratagem, and artifice 
 Of perjured Sinon is the tale believed ; 
 And they are caught by craft and forced 
 
 tears, 
 Whom neither did the son of Tydeus, 
 Nor did Achilles, of Larissa ['s land]. 
 No, not ten years reduced, no, not a thou- 
 sand keels. 
 " Here to us wretches is another [scene] 
 Presented, graver, and more terrible by 
 far, 290 
 
 And it dismays our unforeseeing breasts. 
 Laocoon, for Neptune fixed by lot 
 The priest, was butchering a giant bull 
 
 265. Though digerit, v. 182, seems scarcely to 
 bear it, yet the context almost requires the line to 
 be rendered thus : 
 
 " 'Tis thus that Calchas construes the portents." 
 276. "That, O ye Heavens, defend! and turne 
 away 
 From her unto the miscreant himselfe !" 
 
 Spenser, Faerie Queetie, v. 8, 19. 
 280. Or, according to Wagner and Forbiger : 
 " from afar." 
 
 283. " Be murderous still ; 
 
 But, when thou strik'st, with unseen weapons kill." 
 Webster, Appius and Virginia, ii. 3. 
 "Treason has done his worst." 
 
 Shakespeare, Macbeth, iii. 2. 
 
V. ao3 — 333. 
 
 BOOK IT. 
 
 T. jja — 355. 
 
 105 
 
 Hard by the reverend altars. But, behold ! 
 From Tenedos, along the calmy deeps, 
 (I shudder as I tell [the tale],) two snakes 
 With coils enormous lean upon the main, 
 And towards the shores at even pace ad- 
 vance 
 
 Whose breasts, among the billows rearetL 'They strain. The fateful engine mounts 
 
 aloft 
 
 And crests blood-tinted, overtop the waves ; 
 Their other part sweeps ocean in the rear. 
 And arches in a fold their boundless chines : 
 A roar arises, with the briny flood 303 
 In foam. And now the lands they reached, 
 
 and, stained 
 O'er eyes of flame with blood and fire, they 
 
 licked 
 Their hissing mouths with bick'ring tongues. 
 
 We fly 
 In all directions, bloodless at the sight. 
 They seek Laocoon in steady march ; 
 And first the tiny frames of his two sons 
 Each serpent, clipping them, infolds, and 
 
 preys 310 
 
 Upon their wretched members with his 
 
 fang. 
 Next, him [the father], coming up with aid, 
 And weapons bringing, do they clutch, and 
 
 swathe 
 With giant rings. And now his midriff 
 
 twice 
 Embracing, twice entwining round his neck 
 Their scaly backs, o'ertop him with their 
 
 head 
 And necks on high. He straightway with 
 
 his hands 
 To tear the knots asunder strains, be- 
 
 drenched 
 Upon the wreaths with gore and sable bane ; 
 At once dread cries he raises to the stars : 
 Such roarings as, what time a bull hath 
 
 fled 
 The altar, struck with wounds, and from 
 
 his neck 322 
 
 Hath shaken out the undecisive axe. 
 But to the temple's summit with a glide 
 The dragons twain escape away, and seek 
 The tow'r of fell Tritonis, and beneath 
 The goddess' feet, and 'neath her disc of 
 
 shield, 
 Are screened. Then sooth throughout their 
 
 frighted breasts 
 Creeps strange alarm on all ; and for his 
 
 crime 
 Laocoon they say had duly paid, 330 
 
 Who with his spear-head marred the holy 
 
 wood. 
 And hurled against its back an impious 
 
 lance. 
 That to its seat the image should be brought, 
 
 And power of the goddess be implored. 
 They shout at once. We rive the walls, 
 
 and ope 
 The bulwarks of the city. Gird them all 
 To toil, and lay beneath its feet the roll 
 Of wheels, and hempen fetters on its neck 
 
 the walls, 
 Teeming with weapons. Round it do the 
 
 lads, 340 
 
 And lasses unespoused, chant holy [hymns], 
 And with their hand delight to touch the 
 
 rope. 
 It steals along, and tow'ring up it glides 
 Upon the city's heart. O native land ! 
 O Ilium, home of deities, and walls 
 Of Dardan sons renowned in war ! Four 
 
 times 
 Within the very threshold of the gate 
 It halted, and from out the womb a clank 
 Four times the weapons gave. Yet press 
 
 we on. 
 Unthinking, and with frenzy blind, and 
 
 bring 350 
 
 The evil-omened monster to a stand 
 Within the hallowed citadel. Then, too. 
 With fates to come Cassandra opes her 
 
 lips, 
 By mandate of the god not e'er believed 
 By Trojans. We the temples of the gods. 
 Ill-starred, to whom was that our latest 
 
 day. 
 With festal leafage through the city deck. 
 ** Meanwhile the heav'n is wheeled 
 
 around, and Night 
 Swoops on from ocean, wrapping deep in 
 
 gloom 
 Both earth, and sky, and Myrmidons* de- 
 ceits. 360 
 Thro'out the city spread, to silence dropped 
 The Trojans : sleep infolds their jaded 
 
 limbs. 
 And now the Argive host in marshalled 
 
 ships 
 Was moving on from Tenedos, amid 
 
 ;3. Cassandra might have said : 
 
 "How you stand, gaping all 
 On your grave oracle, your wooden god there !" 
 
 But they would have replied : 
 
 "Then, sir, I'll tell you a secret : 
 Suspicion's but at best a coward's virtue." 
 
 Otway, Venice Preserved, iii. end. 
 
 " Ere the bat hath flown 
 cloistered flight ; ere to black Hecate's 
 summons 
 The shard-borne beetle, with his drowsy hums. 
 Hath rung night's yawning peal, there shall be 
 
 done 
 A deed of dreadful note." 
 
 Shakespeare, MmcbHh^ iii. t. 
 
 ?ia- 
 
io6 
 
 V. 255 — 270. 
 
 THE jENEID. 
 
 V. 270 — 294. 
 
 The kindly stillness of the silent Moon, 
 In quest of the familiar shores, what time 
 Its fires the royal ship had hoisted up ; 
 And, shielded by unfair decrees of gods, 
 The Danai, imprisoned in its womb. 
 The fir-wood bars too, Sinon frees by 
 
 stealth. 370 
 
 These doth the opened horse to air restore. 
 And blithe withdraw them from the hollow 
 
 wood 
 Thessander, Sthenelus too, foremost [they]. 
 And dread Ulysses, sliding down a rope 
 Let fall, and Achamas, and Thoas, 
 And Peleus' grandson, Neoptolemus, 
 And first Machaon, Menelaus too, 
 And e'en Epeos, framer of the fraud. 
 They storm the city, buried in its sleep 
 And wine ; the sentinels are put to death ; 
 And thro' the open portals all their friends 
 Do they admit, and join their complice 
 
 bands. 382 
 
 ** The hour it was, wherein their maiden 
 
 rest 
 Begins with heart-sick mortals, and steals 
 
 on, 
 By gift of gods thrice-welcome. In my 
 
 sleep, 
 Behold ! before mine eyes in deepest woe 
 
 365. " Up ! I beseech thee. 
 
 Thou lady regent of the air, the Moon, 
 And lead me by thy light to some brave vengeance !' 
 Middleton, The Spanish Gipsy, i. 3. 
 " Queen, and huntress, chaste and fair. 
 Now the sun is laid to sleep. 
 Seated in thy silver chair, 
 
 State in vk^onted manner keep : 
 
 Hesperus entreats thy light. 
 
 Goddess, excellently bright. 
 
 ** Earth, let not thy envious shade 
 
 Dare itself to interpose ; 
 
 Cynthia's shining orb was made 
 
 Heav'n to clear, when day did close : 
 Bless us then with wished sight. 
 Goddess excellently bright." 
 
 Ben Jonson, Cynthia's Revels, v. 3. 
 
 386, &c. So Shakespeare makes Cassandra cry, 
 when she sees Hector going to battle for the last 
 time ; Troilus and Cressida, v. 3 : 
 
 " O farewell, dear Hector. 
 Look, how thou diest ! Look, how thy eye turns 
 
 pale ! 
 Look, how thy wounds do bleed at many vents ! 
 Hark, how Troy roars ! How Hecuba cries out ! 
 How poor Andromache shrills her dolours forth ! 
 Behold, destruction, frenzy, and amazement. 
 Like witless antics, one another meet. 
 And all cry — Hector, Hector's dead, O Hector !" 
 
 " O Hamlet, what a falling off was there." 
 Hamlet, i. 5. 
 
 " What a mockery hath death made thee ! Thou 
 look'st sad. 
 In what place art thou ? in yon starry gallery ? 
 Or in the cursed dungeon ?" 
 
 Webster, Vittoria Corombona, v. i. 
 
 Seemed Hector to be near me, and outpour 
 A flood of tears, dragged onward by the 
 
 car. 
 As erst, and coaly-black with gory dust, 
 And through his swollen feet transpierced 
 with thongs. 390 
 
 Ah, woe is me ! in what a plight he was ! 
 How altered from that Hector, who re- 
 turns 
 Garbed in Achilles' spoils, or having hurled 
 Upon the ships of Greeks the Phrygian 
 
 fires ! — 
 A frowsy beard, and blood-beclotted locks, 
 Those wounds, too, wearing, which, full 
 
 many a one, 
 Around his native walls did he receive. 
 Weeping myself, I, unaddressed, appeared 
 The hero to accost, and forth to draw 
 The mournful accents : ' O Dardania's light, 
 O Stan chest hope of Trojans, what delays 
 So great have held thee back ? From re- 
 gions what, 402 
 O Hector sore-desired, dost come ? How 
 
 thee. 
 After the many deaths of thy own [friends]. 
 After the changeful toils, alike of men. 
 And city, do we, worn to death, behold ! 
 What shameful cause hath marred thy gentle 
 
 looks ? 
 Or why these wounds do I descry ?' He 
 
 naught ; 
 Nor heeds me as I bootless [questions] ask : 
 But deeply from the bottom of his breast 
 Groans heaving : * Ah ! escape, O goddess- 
 born, 41 1 
 And snatch thee from these blazes,' he ex- 
 claims ; 
 * The foe is in possession of the walls ; 
 Down topples Troja from her stately height. 
 Enough for Priam and for country done. 
 Could Pergamus by right hand have been 
 
 screened. 
 It even had been screened by this. To thee 
 Her holy rites and her Penates Troy 
 Intrusts : these take the comrades of thy 
 fates ; 
 
 403. It seems very stiff to connect ut, v. 283, with 
 defessi, 285. Nor does the view seem consistent 
 with the context, which in various ways expresses 
 the desire to see Hector, with surprise and delight 
 at the sight. 
 
 410. " Could words express the story I've to tell 
 
 you. 
 Fathers, these tears were useless, these sad tears. 
 That fall from my old eyes. But there is a cause 
 We all should weep, tear off these purple robes. 
 And wrap ourselves in sackcloth, sitting down 
 On the sad earth, and cry aloud to heaven : 
 Heaven knows, if yet there be an hour to come. 
 Ere Venice be no more." 
 
 Otway, Venice Preserved, iv. 2. 
 
V. 394 — 3 1 6. 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
 ▼. 317—338- 
 
 X07 
 
 With these a city seek, [that city] grand, 
 Which, ocean traversed, thou shalt rear at 
 last,' 421 
 
 So speaks hej and the fillets with his 
 
 hands, 
 
 And Vesta puissant, and her deathless fire. 
 
 From th' inmost sanctuaries forth he brings. 
 
 "Meanwhile the city is by wide-spread 
 
 woe 
 
 Turmoiled ; and more and more, — although 
 
 withdrawn. 
 And bowered in trees, the dwelling of my 
 
 sire 
 Anchises stood retired, — wax bright the 
 
 sounds, 
 And fear [ful din] of arms assails. From 
 
 sleep 
 Am I aroused, and by ascent surmount 430 
 The roof-top's battlements, and stand 
 
 thereby 
 With ears erected : as what time a blaze 
 On growing corn, with Austers fuming, 
 
 falls ; 
 Or torrent, rav'ning with a mountain flood. 
 The fields is whelming, whelming merry 
 
 crops, 
 And .toils of beeves, and woods sweeps 
 
 headlong off. 
 The wareless shepherd all aghast is struck. 
 While hearing from a lofty crest of rock 
 The din. Then sooth the certainty was 
 
 clear. 
 And open lie the stratagems of Greeks. 440 
 Now the vast palace of Deiphobus, 
 Through mastery of Vulcan, gave a crash ; 
 Now next him is Ucalegon ablaze ; 
 Sigeum's friths gleam far and wide with 
 
 fire. 
 Out bursts both shriek of men, and clang 
 
 of trumps : 
 Arms mad I seize ; nor sense enough in 
 
 arms ; 
 But to collect a band for fight, and rush 
 In concert with my comrades to the tower. 
 My very soul is burning. Rage and wrath 
 
 My mind drive headlong, and [the thought] 
 
 occurs, 450 
 
 That glorious [is the end], to die in arms. * 
 
 '• But lo ! Pantheus, from darts of Greeks 
 
 escaped, 
 
 Pantheus, the son of Othrys, of the tower 
 
 And Phoebus priest, himself, with his own 
 
 hand. 
 The holy [vessels], and the conquered gods, 
 His little grandson, too, is dragging on, 
 And wildly presses to my doors with speed. 
 * In what position [stands] our highest weal, 
 Pantheus ? What citadel are we to seize V 
 I scarce had spoken these, when with a 
 groan 460 
 
 He such returns : * To Dardanie has come 
 Her final day, and her avoidless hour. 
 We have been Trojans, Ilium has been, 
 And the colossal fame of Teucer's sons. 
 Fierce Jove to Argos has translated all ; 
 Greeks lord it in the burning town. Aloft, 
 Amid the city standing, men in arms 
 The horse outpours, and Sinon, conqueror, 
 Is blending conflagrations, while he scoffs. 
 Others are present at the double-op'ning 
 gates, 470 
 
 As many thousands as have ever come 
 From great Mycenae. Others have with 
 
 arms 
 Blocked up the narrow passes of the streets, 
 Arrayed against us; stands the falcion's edge 
 With flashing point, drawn, ready for the 
 
 death. 
 Scarce the first warders of the gates essay 
 Encounters, and, with blindfold Mars, op- 
 pose.' 
 By such announcements of Othryades, 
 And the [impulsive] power of the gods, 
 Upon the flames and weapons am I borne. 
 Whither the fell Erinys, whither din 481 
 Is summoning, and shrink upraised to 
 heaven. 
 
 by Spenser ; Faerie Queene, ii. 
 
 434. This description of the rush of a mountain- 
 torrent is imitated 
 II, 18: 
 
 " Like a great water-flood, that tombling low 
 From the high mountaines, threates to overflow 
 With suddein fury all the fertile playne, 
 And the sad husbandmans long hope doth throw 
 Adowne the streame, and all his vowes makes 
 
 vayne ; 
 Nor bounds nor banks his headlong ruine may 
 
 sustayne." 
 
 444. So Dryden, of the Fire of London ; Annus 
 Mirabilis, 231 ; 
 
 " A key of fire ran all along the shore. 
 And lightcn'd all the river with a blaze." 
 
 451. " Death gives eternity a glorious breath : 
 O to die honoured who would fear to die ?" 
 
 Marston, The Malcontent, v. 3. 
 " When our souls shall leave this dwelling. 
 The glory of one fair and virtuous action 
 Is above all the scutcheons of our tomb. 
 Or silken banners o'er us." 
 
 Shirley, The Traitor, v. x. 
 
 463. " Ay, thus we are ; and all our painted glory 
 
 A bubble that a boy blows into the air. 
 
 And there it breaks." 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, The Knight of Malta, 
 iv. 2. 
 
 " O horror, horror ! 
 
 Egypt has been ! our latest hour is come ! 
 
 The queen of nations from her ancient scat 
 
 Is sunk for ever in the dark abyss ; 
 
 Time has unrolled her glories to the last. 
 
 And now closed up the volume." 
 
 Drj'dcn, All for Loo* ^ ▼• «. 
 
io8 
 
 V. 339—359- 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 359—378. 
 
 Attach themselves [to me as warrior-] mates 
 Rhipeus, and Epytus, all-great in arms, 
 Presented by the moon, and Hypanis, 
 And Dymas, and they cluster to my side. 
 The young Coroebus also, Mygdon's son. 
 He in those days to Troy by chance had 
 
 come. 
 With frantic passion for Cassandra fired, 
 And as a son-in-law his succor brought 
 To Priam and the Phrygians ; — hapless 
 [youth] ! 491 
 
 Who heeded not the warnings of his bride. 
 In frenzy. Whom when, serried close, I 
 
 saw 
 To be for battle bold, I furthermore 
 Begin with these : ' O youths, ye breasts, 
 
 thrice-brave 
 In vain, if [dwells] in you a fixed desire 
 To follow him who dares the last attempts. 
 What stands the fortune of the state ye see ; 
 All have withdrawn, their shrines and altars 
 
 left,— 
 The deities, by whom this realm had stood ; 
 Ye help a burning city : let us die, 501 
 And charge upon the centre of the frays. 
 The only safety is for vanquished men 
 No safety to expect. 'Twas thus that madness 
 Was in the young men's souls infused. 
 
 Thereon, — 
 As wolves, freebooters in a murky mist, 
 Whom hath the felon rage of appetite 
 Unkennelled, blindfold, and their quitted 
 
 cubs 
 Look out for them with thirsty jaws, — 
 
 through darts. 
 Thro' foes, on no uncertain death do we 510 
 
 495. " Fortune's browe hath frowned. 
 
 Even to the utmost wrinkle it can bend :" 
 
 " Fortune my fortunes, not myminde shall shake." 
 Marston, Antonio and Mellida, P. i, iii. 
 
 " Fall what can fall, I dare the worst of fate. 
 Though the foundation of the earth should shrink, 
 The glorious eye of heaven lose his splendour. 
 Supported thus, I'll stand upon the ruins. 
 And seek for new life here." 
 
 Massinger, The Duke of Milan, i. 3. 
 
 499. " When our great monarch into exile went. 
 
 Wit and religion suffer'd banishment: — 
 
 Thus once, when Troy was wrapp'd in fire and 
 
 smoke. 
 The helpless gods their burning shrines forsook ; 
 They with the vanquish'd prince and party go. 
 And leave their temples empty to the foe." 
 
 Dryden, To the Lord Chancellor Hyde, 17-23. 
 
 504. " In our courage 
 
 And daring lies our safety." 
 
 Massinger, The Bondman, iii. 3. 
 
 So Denham of the hunted stag in Cooper's Hill : 
 " Wearied, forsaken, and pursued, at last 
 All safety in despair of safety placed. 
 Courage he thence resumes, resolved to bear 
 All their assaults, since 'tis in vain to fear." 
 
 Advance, and keep the central city's route : 
 Round hovers ebon Night with vaulted 
 
 shade. 
 Who that night's havoc, who its deaths in 
 
 speech 
 Develop may, or with his tears can match 
 Its suff'rings ? Down the aged city falls, 
 That held dominion through so many years j 
 Full many corses motionless are strewn 
 At every step alike throughout the streets, 
 And thro' the houses, and the holy fanes 
 Of gods. Nor is it Teucer's sons alone 520 
 That pay amercements with their blood: 
 
 at times. 
 E'en to the hearts of vanquished men re- 
 turns 
 Their prowess, and their Grecian victors 
 
 fall. 
 Grim woe on every side, on every side 
 Alarm, and many, many a shape of death. 
 " Androgeus first, with mighty throng of 
 Greeks 
 Escorting him, presents himself to us. 
 In ignorance supposing we were troops 
 Allied, and, unaddressed, with friendly 
 
 words 
 Accosts us : ' Hasten on, ye heroes ! Pray 
 What sloth so late delays you ? Others 
 sack 531 
 
 And plunder burning Pergamus, [while] ye 
 Are now first coming from the lofty ships !* 
 He said, and in a trice (for no replies 
 Were granted, worthy of sufficient trust,) 
 Perceived that he was fallen on the midst 
 Of enemies. He stood aghast, and back 
 His foot along with voice he checked, like 
 one, 
 
 517. " Behold those slaughters 
 
 The dry and withered bones of Death would bleed 
 at!" 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Valentinian, iv. 4. 
 
 525. " I know death hath ten thousand several 
 
 doors 
 For men to take their exits." 
 
 Webster, The Duchess of Malji, iv. 2. 
 " The rugged Charon fainted, 
 And asked a navy, rather than a boat. 
 To ferry over the sad world that came." 
 
 Ben Jonson, Catiline, i. i. 
 533. It is a question whether the interrogative 
 form here woiild not be more effective : 
 " Are ye 
 Now first arriving from the lofty ships ?" 
 "Where was your soldiership? Why went not 
 you out. 
 With all your right honourable valour with you ?" 
 J. Fletcher, The Loyal Subject, iv. 5. 
 
 536. " You put too much wind to your sail : 
 
 discretion 
 And hardy valour are the twins of honour, 
 And, nursed together, make a conqueror." 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Bonduca, i. i. 
 
V. 379—406. 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
 y, 407—431. 
 
 109 
 
 \\ho, as he presses on the ground, hath 
 
 crushed 
 A snake, unlocked for in the thorny brakes, 
 And in his consternation suddenly 541 
 Hath started from him back, as he his 
 
 wrath 
 Upraises, and his azure neck distends : 
 Not otherwise Androgens, at the sight 
 Fear-smitten, was retreating. On we 
 
 charge, 
 And on their serried arms are poured 
 
 around. 
 And wareless of the place, and panic-seized, 
 In every quarter do we lay them low : 
 Upon the maiden effort Fortune breathes. 
 And here, in transport with success and 
 soul, 550 
 
 Exclaims Coroebus : * O my mates, where 
 
 first 
 The path of safety Fortune shows, and where 
 Herself propitious she displays, let us 
 Pursue ; change shields, and fit upon our- 
 selves 
 The badges of the Grecians : [whether] 
 
 guile. 
 Or gallantry, who questions in a foe ? 
 Themselves shall give us arms.' Thus 
 
 having said. 
 Thereon Androgeus' hairy-tufted helm, 
 And comely scutcheon of his shield he dons. 
 And suits an Argive's falchion to his side. 
 This Rhipeus, this [doth] Dymas e'en him- 
 self, 561 
 And [this] doth all the youth in merry 
 
 mood ; 
 With fresh [-won] spoils each arms himself. 
 
 We march. 
 Mixed up with Greeks, — the deity not 
 
 ours ; — 
 And many a battle through the darksome 
 
 night. 
 Together hurtling, fight we hand to hand ; 
 Numbers of Greeks we hurry down to hell. 
 Some fly in all directions to the ships. 
 And seek with speed the trusty shores. 
 
 Some mount 
 Once more in craven fear the giant horse. 
 And are ensconced in its familiar womb. 
 "Alas ! 'tis nothing right that one pre- 
 sume 572 
 On deities unwilling. Lo ! was dragged 
 With streaming locks the Priamean maid, 
 Cassandra, from Minerva's fane and shrines. 
 Stretching to heav'n her burning eyes in 
 
 vain : — 
 Her eyes, — for bonds confined her dainty 
 hands. 
 
 558. Iftduitur, V. 393, seems to be used in a 
 middle sense. 
 
 Brooked not this sight in his bemaddened 
 
 soul 
 Coroebus, and he flung himself, death- 
 doomed. 
 Upon the centre of the squadron. One 
 and all 580 
 
 We follow on, and charge with serried 
 
 arms. 
 Here first from out the temple's stately cope 
 By darts of our own [friends] we're over- 
 whelmed, 
 And a most pitiable massacre 
 Arises from the figure of our arms. 
 And misconception of our Grecian crests. 
 Then do the Danai with groanful sound. 
 And in their wrath at rescue of the maid, 
 Mustered from every quarter, make as- 
 sault, — 
 Thrice-eager Ajax, and th' Atridae twain. 
 And all the army of the Dolopes : 591 
 
 As, on the bursting of a hurricane. 
 The hostile winds at times in tourney meet. 
 Both Zephyrus, and Notus, Eurus too. 
 Blithe with his eastern steeds ; the forests 
 
 howl. 
 And with his trident foamy Nereus storms. 
 And wakes the waters from their lowest 
 
 bed. 
 They too, — if any in the darkling night 
 By stratagem we routed thro' the gloom. 
 And chased all through the city, — [these] 
 appear. 600 
 
 The first are they to recognize our shields. 
 And lying weapons, and to mark our tones, 
 As in their accent diff 'ring from their own. 
 Straight by their number are we whelmed : 
 
 and first 
 Coroebus, under Peneleus' right hand. 
 At th' altar of the goddess strong in war, 
 Sinks down ; and Rhipeus falls, who stood 
 
 among 
 The Teucrians the one most righteous man, 
 And carefullest of honor : — to the gods 
 It otherwise seemed good. Die Hypanis 
 Alike, and Dymas, by their mates trans- 
 pierced. 611 
 Nor did thy deep religion, nor the "WTeath 
 Of Phoebus screen thee, Pantheus, in thy 
 
 fall. 
 O Ilian ashes, and thou latest fire 
 
 579. *"Tis godlike in yoii to protect the weak." 
 Southern, OrooMoko, ii. a. 
 
 608. " A goodness set in greatness : — how it 
 
 sparkles 
 Afar off, like pure diamonds set in gold." 
 
 Middleton, IVomen beware Women, v. 1. 
 
 613. Or: 
 
 " Neither did thee, O Pantheus, in thy fall. 
 Thy deep religion, or Apollo's fillet, screen." 
 
V. 431—454. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 454—482. 
 
 Of my own [friends] ! I you to witness 
 
 take, 
 That at your setting neither did I shun 
 The darts, nor any hazards from the 
 
 Greeks ; 
 And if the fates had [doomed] that I should 
 
 fall, 
 I earned it by my hand. We thence are 
 
 forced 
 Asunder : Iphitus and Pelias with myself ; 
 Of whom was Iphitus now weighed with 
 
 age, 621 
 
 And Pelias, lagging from Ulysses' wound : — 
 Straight called to Pi'iam's palace by a 
 
 shriek. 
 *' But here vast fighting (as if no where 
 
 else 
 Were other frays, none dying all thro'out 
 The city) ; Mars so unappeased, and 
 
 Greeks, 
 On dashing to the palace, we descry ; 
 The gates, too, leaguered by a tortoise-roof. 
 Advanced. The ladders grapple to the 
 
 walls. 
 And at the very door-posts up the steps 
 They struggle, and their bucklers to the 
 
 darts, 631 
 
 By their left hands o'ercanopied, oppose : 
 They grasp the battlements within their 
 
 right. 
 The Dardans, on the other hand, the towers 
 And covered rooftops of the dome uproot. 
 With these for weapons, when the last 
 
 they see. 
 Already at the very verge of death. 
 To guard them they prepare, and gilded 
 
 beams. 
 The lofty beauties of their ancient sires. 
 Roll down. The rest with falchions drawn 
 
 beset 640 
 
 The doors below ; these [same] do they 
 
 defend 
 In serried host. Our spirits are refreshed. 
 To give assistance to the king's abode. 
 With succor, too, the heroes to relieve. 
 And vigor to the vanquished to impart. 
 *' There was an entrance, and mysterious 
 
 doors, 
 And passage free thro' Priam's halls, from 
 
 one 
 
 615. So Milton similarly makes Satan say ; Para- 
 dise Lost, b. i. : 
 
 '* For me be witness all the host of Heaven, 
 
 If counsels different^ or dangers shunn'd 
 
 By me, have lost our hopes." 
 
 640. It should be particularly observed that verses 
 449, 450, allude to guards mside the doors ; other- 
 wise they would have been involved in the slaughter 
 described in v. 465. This view makes v. 485 
 intelligible. 
 
 To other, and a portal in the rear. 
 Neglected ; where Andromache ill-starred, 
 So long as the imperial sway endured, 650 
 Time after time, unretinued, was wont 
 To hasten to the parents of her spouse. 
 And to his father's sire to draw the lad 
 Astyanax, I mount the battlements 
 Of th' highest roof, whence Teucer's 
 
 wretched sons 
 Were hurling from the hand effectless darts. 
 A tower, — standing up in steepy [height]. 
 And from the roof-tops stretched beneath 
 
 the stars. 
 Whence used all Troy and galleys of the 
 
 Greeks 
 To be descried, and the Achaian camp, — 
 Assailing it around with iron [there], 661 
 Where upmost stories offered weak'ning 
 
 joints, 
 We root from its high bed, and force along. 
 This, toppling on a sudden, with a crash 
 Trails demolition, and upon the troops 
 Of Greeks far- wide falls down : but other 
 
 [Greeks] 
 Succeed them; neither stones, nor any form 
 Of weapons in the meanwhile cease [to fly], 
 
 " Before the very entrance-court itself, 
 And at the outmost portal Pyrrhus bounds. 
 In weapons gleaming, and the sheen of 
 
 bronze : 671 
 
 Such Jis when into light of day a snake. 
 On baleful grasses fed, whom, swollen out. 
 Cold winter was concealing 'neath the 
 
 earth. 
 Now fresh from casted slough, and sleek 
 
 with youth. 
 Rolls on his slippery chine with lifted chest, 
 Erected to the sun, and in his mouth 
 Is quiv'ring with a triply-cloven tongue. 
 Along with him the giant Periphas, 
 And, of Achilles' coursers charioteer, 680 
 His squire Automedon ; along with him 
 All Scyros' youth advance beneath the 
 
 dome. 
 And blazes volley to the roofs. Himself 
 Among the foremost, with his battle-axe 
 Engrasped, is bursting through the stub- 
 born gates, 
 And tearing down the doors from off their 
 
 hinge, 
 [Though] bound with bronze ; and now, — 
 
 when hewed away 
 The [cross-] beam, — hath he hollowed out 
 
 the planks, 
 [Though] stable oak, and with a spacious 
 
 gap 
 
 666. "When Greeks joined Greeks, then was the 
 tug of war." Lee, Rival Qtteens, iv. i. 
 
V. 483--496' 
 
 BOOK IL 
 
 V. 497— 5ai. 
 
 Ill 
 
 A mighty op'ning made. Appears the 
 
 dome 690 
 
 Within, and lengthful courts lie ope ; 
 
 appear 
 The private halls of Priam and the kings 
 Of olden days ; and [warriors] clad in arms 
 Behold they standing in the foremost gate. 
 •* But th' inner palace is with moanful 
 
 sound, 
 And hubbub sad turmoiled, and in its 
 
 depths 
 With women's wails the vaulted chambers 
 
 shriek : 
 Their howling strikes the golden stars. 
 
 Then dames 
 In panic thro' the vast apartments stray, 
 And, hugging, grasp the posts, and kisses 
 
 print. 700 
 
 On presses Pyrrhus with his father's might ; 
 Nor him can bolts nor guards themselves 
 
 sustain. 
 Gives way the gate before the frequent ram, 
 And, wrenched from off the hinge, down 
 
 sink the doors. 
 By pow'r a path is made : the Greeks, in- 
 poured. 
 An entrance force, and massacre the first, 
 And wide with soldiery each spot they fill. 
 Not so [resistless], when from bursten dams 
 The foamy river hath escaped away, 
 
 694. Vident, v. 485 ; i.e., the besiegers see. See 
 note on line 640. 
 
 697. 
 
 ' The tragic voice of women strikes mine ear." 
 Shirley, The Brot/ters, v. i. 
 
 698. "As he that strives to stop a suddein flood, 
 And in strong bancks his violence enclose, 
 Forceth it swell above his wonted mood. 
 And largely overflow the fniitfull plaine, 
 That all the countrey seemes to be a maine,^ 
 And the rich furrowes flote, all quite fordonne ; 
 The wofuU husbandman doth lowd complaine 
 To see his whole yeares labor lost so soone." 
 
 Spenser, F. Q., iii. 7, 34, 
 
 " So from the hills, whose hollow caves contain 
 The congregated snow and swelling rain, 
 Till the full stores their ancient bounds disdain ; 
 Precipitate the furious torrent flows : 
 In vain would speed avoid, or strength oppose : 
 Towns, forests, herds, and men, promiscuous 
 
 drown'd. 
 With one great death deform the dreary ground ; 
 The echo'd woes from distant rocks resound." 
 Prior, Solomon, b. ii. 
 
 "Well did he know 
 How a tame stream does wild and dangerous grow 
 By unjust force : he now with wanton play 
 Kisses the smiling banks, and glides away ; 
 Hut, his known channel stopped, begins to roar. 
 And swell with rage, and buffet the dull shore ; 
 His mutinous waters hurry to the war. 
 And troops of waves come rolling from afar ; 
 Then scorns he such weak stops to his free source. 
 And overruns the neighbouring fields with violent 
 course." Cowley, Davideii, b. i. 
 
 And mastered in its gulf the barrier- 
 mounds, 710 
 'Tis carried onward frantic in a pile 
 Upon the fields, and all throughout the 
 
 plains 
 The cattle with their cotes it sweepeth off. 
 I Neoptolemus beheld myself 
 Insane with butchery, and in the cate 
 Atreus' twain sons ; I Hecuba beheld, 
 And her one hundred daughters ; Priam, 
 
 too. 
 Among the altars staining with his blood 
 The fires, which he himself had sanctified. 
 Those fifty nuptial chambers, hope so great 
 Of children's children ; doors, with foreign 
 gold 721 
 
 And trophies haught, down tumbled to the 
 
 ground : 
 Possess the Danai, where fails the flame. 
 "Perchance, too, what was Priam's 
 doom thou may'st 
 Demand. What time the captured city's 
 
 fall, 
 And palace-gates demolished, he beheld, 
 The foeman, too, amid his private halls, 
 His armor, long disused, the^ aged [sire] 
 Around his shoulders, shivering with eld. 
 Throws idly, and in bootless sword is girt, 
 And on the serried foemen is he borne, 731 
 Death-doomed. Amid the courts, and 
 
 underneath 
 The naked vault of heav'n, an altar vast 
 There stood, and nigh, a very ancient bay, 
 O'er'th' altar bending, and the household 
 
 gods 
 Imbosoming in shade. Here Hecuba, 
 Her daughters, too, in vain the altars 
 
 round. 
 As headlong pigeons in a murky storm. 
 Close nestled, and the figures of the 
 
 gods 
 Embracing, sat. But Priam, e'en himself. 
 In youthful arms assumed when she be- 
 held ;— 740 
 * What such dread aim, O most unhappy 
 
 spouse. 
 Hath driv'n thee to be harnessed in these 
 
 arms? 
 Or whither rushest ?' cries she : * No such 
 aid. 
 
 717. Nurus, v. 501, of course properly means 
 " daughters-in-law ;" of which, however, as Hecuba 
 had only fifty, the word must be taken in a sense 
 to include her fifty daughters as well. It evidently 
 means the same as natce, v. 515. In the same loose 
 •w&y patrcs is used, v. 579. 
 
 721. "Or where the gorgeous East with richest 
 
 hand 
 Showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold. 
 
 MUion, F. L., b. ii. 
 
112 
 
 V. 521—544- 
 
 THE JENEID. 
 
 V. 544—558. 
 
 Nor guardians such as these, the crisis 
 
 needs ; 
 No, not if e'en my Hector now were here. 
 Hither, I pray, repair ; this altar all 
 Will shield, or thou shalt die along with 
 
 us.' 
 Thus having from her lips out-spoken, she 
 Recovered to her [side] the aged [king]. 
 And set him down upon the holy seat. 750 
 "But lo ! from Pyrrhus' butchery es- 
 caped, 
 Polites, one of Priam's sons, through darts. 
 Through foes, flies o'er the lengthful colon- 
 nades. 
 And, wounded, traverses the empty halls. 
 Him fiery Pyrrhus with a hostile wound 
 Pursues, and now, this moment, in his 
 
 hand 
 He clutches him, and spears him with his 
 
 lance. 
 When he at last before his parents' eyes 
 And presence came, he dropped, and life 
 
 outpoured 
 With floods of blood. Here Priam, though 
 
 he now 760 
 
 Is grappled in the [very] midst of death, 
 Natheless forbore not, nor his voice and 
 
 wrath 
 He spared : ' Yet may to thee for [this thy] 
 
 guilt,' 
 He cries, ' for such audacious deeds, the 
 
 gods 
 (If dwells there any righteousness in 
 
 heaven, 
 Which may concern itself about the like). 
 Repay meet thanks, and guerdons due 
 
 return ; 
 Who in my presence forced me to behold 
 The murder of my son, and with his death 
 Hast fouled a father's sight. But ne'er 
 
 was he, 770 
 
 From whom thou falsely sayest thou art 
 
 sprung, — 
 Achilles, — such to Priam, [though] a foe, 
 But he a suitor's rights and trust revered, 
 And Hector's lifeless body for the grave 
 Restored, and passed me to my kingdom 
 
 back.' 
 So spake the aged [monarch], and a dart, 
 
 744. " This fighting fool wants policy." 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, The Maid's Tragedy, 
 
 ill. end. 
 
 " Duke. Dost thou not shake? 
 Bianca. P'or what ? to see a weak. 
 Faint, trembling arm advance a leaden blade ? 
 Alas ! good man, put up, put up ; thine eyes 
 Are likelier much to weep, than arms to strike." 
 Ford, Love's Sacrifice, v. i. 
 
 747. "Who would not die with all the world about 
 him ?" Ben Jonson, Catilifie, iii. i. 
 
 A feeble [dart], without a stroke, he hurled, 
 Which by the grating bronze was straight 
 
 rebuffed. 
 And on the buckler's boss-tip idly hung. 
 T' whom Pyrrhus : ' Therefore these thou 
 
 shalt report, 780 
 
 And go a messenger to Peleus' son. 
 My sire ; to him my barbarous exploits, 
 And Neoptolemus degenerate. 
 Mind thou to tell. Now die !' He, saying 
 
 this. 
 Up to the very altars dragged him on, 
 [All] in a quake, and slipping on his son's 
 Abundant blood, and in his left hand he 
 His tresses interlaced, and in his right 
 A flashing sword upraised, and plunged it 
 
 deep 
 Up to the very handle in his side. 790 
 
 This the conclusion was of Priam's fates ; 
 This end through fortune swept him off, 
 
 while he 
 Beholds his Troy ablaze, and Pergamus 
 In ruins, o'er so many tribes and lands 
 Of Asia erst proud ruler. On the shore 
 His giant trunk is lying, and the head 
 Torn from the shoulders, e'en a nameless 
 
 corse. 
 
 777. " Breathes there a spirit 
 
 In such a heap of age ?" 
 
 Middleton, The Spanish Gipsy, v. 2. 
 
 784. A less cruel man than he might have said : 
 " The rigour and extremity of law 
 Is sometimes too, too bitter, but we carry 
 A chancery of pity in our bosom." 
 
 Ford, Perkin IVarbeck, ii. 2. 
 
 797. The ideas in verses 557, 8, are partly em- 
 bodied by Thomson in Massinissa's address to 
 Sophonisba, act iv. 5 : 
 
 " Nor a world combined 
 Shall tear thee from me, till outstretch'd I lie, 
 A nameless corse." 
 
 The same expression occurs in Spenser, F. Q., iv. 
 8,49: 
 " Therefore Corflambo was he cald aright. 
 
 Though namelesse there his bodie now doth lie." 
 
 There was none to cry over the hapless Priam : 
 " Call for the robin-redbreast and the wren. 
 Since o'er shady groves they hover. 
 And with leaves and flowers do cover 
 The friendless bodies of unburied men. 
 Call unto his funeral dole 
 The ant, the field-mouse, and the mole. 
 To rear him hillocks that shall keep him warm. 
 And, when gay tombs are robbed, sustain no 
 harm." 
 
 Webster, Vittoria Corombona, v. i. 
 
 His fate must call to mind Shirley's noble song : 
 " The glories of our blood and state 
 
 Are shadows, not substantial things ; 
 There is no armour against fate ; 
 
 Death lays his icy hand on kings : 
 
▼. 559^578. 
 
 BOOK ii: 
 
 ▼. 578-593. 
 
 in 
 
 •' But then it was that terrible dismay 
 First compassed me around. I stood 
 
 aghast. 799 
 
 Occurred the picture of my darling sire, 
 When I the king, in age his fellow, saw 
 His life outbreathing from a grisly wound ; 
 Occurred the lorn Creusa, and a home 
 Dismantled, and the young lulus' fate. 
 I look abroad, and what about me be the 
 
 force 
 Examine. All have left me, wearied out. 
 And with a spring their bodies to the earth 
 Have launched, or giv'n them feebled to 
 
 the fires. 
 "And thus I now the single one survived. 
 When by the gates of Vesta harb'ring close. 
 And noiseless skulking in a lone retreat, 
 I Tyndaris espy. The brilliant fires 812 
 Gave me their light while wand'ring, and 
 
 around 
 Thro' every [object] carrying on mine eyes. 
 She at the Teucri, 'gainst herself incensed, 
 Upon account of Pergamus o'erthrown. 
 And at the vengeance of the Greeks, and 
 
 wrath 
 Of her abandoned spouse, in previous 
 
 dread, — 
 Of Troja [she], and of her native land 
 The common Fury, — had concealed herself. 
 And by the altars, loathed, was sitting down. 
 Fires kindled up within my soul ; succeeds 
 A rage my sinking country to avenge, 823 
 And penalties inflict, by guilt deserved. 
 * Forsooth shall she her Sparta, free from 
 
 harm, 
 Mycenae of her fathers, too, behold. 
 
 Scepter and crown 
 Must tumble down, 
 And in the dust be equal made 
 With the poor crooked scythe and spade. 
 " Some men with swords may reap the field, 
 And plant fresh laurels where they kill ; 
 But their strong nerves at last must yield ; 
 They tame but one another still : 
 Early or late, 
 They stoop to fate, 
 And must give up their murmuring breath, 
 When they, pale captives, creep to death. 
 " The garlands wither on your brow. 
 
 Then boast no more your mighty deeds ! 
 Upon Death's purple altar now, 
 See, where tne victor-victim bleeds : 
 Your heads must come 
 To the cold tomb ; 
 Only the actions of the just 
 Smell sweet, and blossom in their dust." 
 
 The Contention of Ajax and Ulysses. 
 820. " Sith women's wits work men's unceasing 
 woes." 
 
 Peele, The Arrai^^nment 0/ Paris, iv. 1. 
 821. Surely there has been enough said of secrecy 
 already. Secreta, latentem, and abdiderunt may 
 fairly relieve invisa from a weakness. 
 
 And with a triumph won proceed a queen ? 
 Alike a nuptial union, and a home, 
 Her parents and her children shall she see, 
 Escorted by a bevy of the dames 830 
 
 Of Ilium, and by Phrygian serving-men ? 
 Shall Priam 'neath the falcion ^ve suc- 
 cumbed ? 
 Shall Troy have burnt with fire? The 
 
 Dardan strand 
 So many times have reeked with blood ? 
 
 Not so ! 
 For though there's no renown, for mention 
 
 meet. 
 In chastisement of woman, nor enjoys 
 The conquest [any] honor, ne'ertheless, 
 For having quenched a guilty soul, and ta'en 
 The vengeance it deserves, shall I be 
 
 praised ; 
 And it will be a pleasure to have cloyed 
 A passion for retributory fire, 84 1 
 
 And satisfied the ashes of my friends.' 
 I such was casting, and in rage of soul 
 Was hurried onward, when my mother boon. 
 Never before so brilliant in mine eyes. 
 Herself presented visibly to me. 
 And 'mid the gloom in crystal sheen she 
 
 beamed ; 
 Displaying all the goddess, and in guise 
 And stature such as she is wont t' appear 
 To denizens of heav'n ; and me, engrasped 
 By my right hand, did she restrain, and 
 
 these 851 
 
 Moreover added fr om her rubie d lip ; 
 
 835. " 'Twas a manly blow : 
 
 The next thou giv'st, murder some sucking infant, 
 And then thou wilt be famous." 
 
 Webster, Vittoria Corombona, v. 2. 
 " 'Tis a woman : 
 A subject not for swords, but pity." 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Valentinian, v. 8. 
 839. " Fie ! Your sword upon a woman ?" 
 
 Shakespeare, Othello, v. 2. 
 " And none so much as blame the murderer, 
 But rather praise him for that brave attempt. 
 And in the chronicle enrol his name. 
 For purging of the realm of such a plague." 
 
 Marlowe, Edward the Second. 
 Yet most people would have applied to him what 
 we are told by Q. Curtius (8, i. 52) that Clytus said 
 to Alexander : 
 
 " Philip fought men, but Alexander women." 
 Lee, Rival Queens, iv. a. 
 840. Expleo in Virgil, and it would seem in all 
 other authors, always takes an accusative. In the 
 very next line, v. 587, satiasse commands the same 
 case. To resort, then, to a Graecism is worse than 
 needless. However, it must be confessed^ that 
 animurn JJamnue is a very awkward expression. 
 
 848. Literally, of course: "Owning herself a 
 goddess." 
 
 853. Rosea ore, v. 593, would so be rendered by 
 Milton. See Contus : 
 
 " Thrice upon thy finger's tip, 
 Thrice upon thy rubied lip." 
 
 I 
 
114 
 
 V. 594 — 6 1 8. 
 
 THE ^NEW. 
 
 V. 619—645. 
 
 * My son, what such deep anguish rouseth up 
 Thy uncontrolled resentments ? Why dost 
 
 rage ? 
 Or whither hath thy love of us withdrawn ? 
 Wilt thou not first consider where thy 
 
 sire 
 Anchises, worn with age, thou may'st have 
 
 left ? 
 Whether thy spouse Creusa be alive, 
 Ascanius, too, thy boy? round all of 
 
 whom 
 The Grecian troops from every quarter 
 
 rove ; 860 
 
 And, did not my solicitude withstand, 
 Already would the flames haye swept them 
 
 off, 
 And hostile sword have drained them. Not 
 
 for thee 
 Doth Spartan Tyndaris' detested face, 
 Or Paris, the rebuked ; — the ruthlessness 
 Of gods, of gods, — this realm doth over- 
 throw. 
 And razes Troja from its crest. Behold ! — 
 For all . the mist, which now o'er thee 
 
 dispread. 
 While gazing, dims thy mortal ken, and 
 
 dank 
 Around bedarks thee, will I clear away ; 870 
 Do thou no mandates of thy parent fear. 
 Nor her injunctions to obey refuse : — 
 Here, where disscattered heaps, and stones 
 
 fi-om stones 
 Asunder wrenched, thou viewest, and the 
 
 smoke, 
 Upsurging with commingled dust, the walls 
 And their foundations, torn away, 
 With his colossal ti-ident Neptune shakes, 
 And the whole city from its bed uproots. 
 Here Juno, trebly-furious, in the van 
 Maintains [possession of] the Sc^an gates, 
 And, frantic, from the ships her fed'rate 
 
 force, 881 
 
 With falcion girt, is calling. Now, observe, 
 Tritonian Pallas on the castle heights 
 Has ta'en her post, in storm-cloud gleam- 
 ing forth 
 And Gorgon grim. . The Sire himself to 
 
 Greeks 
 Courage and prosp'ring arms supplies ; 
 
 himself 
 The gods awakes against the Dardan arms. 
 
 £64. " Was this the face that launched a thousand 
 ships, 
 And burnt the topless towers of Ilium ?" 
 
 Marlowe, Doctor Faiistus. 
 " Why did Nature 
 Empty her treasure In thy face, and leave thee 
 A black, prodigious soul ?" 
 
 Shirley, The Wedding, ii. 3. 
 865. Or: " Paris the condemned." 
 
 Snatch flight, my son, and put an end to toil : 
 On no occasion shall I stand aloof. 
 And safe will set thee in thy father's gate.' 
 She said, and in the clustered shades of 
 
 night 891 
 
 Herself she buried. Spectres dread appear. 
 And, foes to Troy, the mighty pow'rs of 
 
 gods. 
 * ' Then, sooth, all Ilium seemed to me 
 
 to sink 
 Upon the fires, and from its base Nep- 
 tunian Troy 
 To be o'erturned : as e'en on mountain 
 
 heights 
 An ag^d ash, when hewed around by steel 
 And many an axe, in rivalry the swains 
 Press on to overthrow ; it ever threats, 
 And, forced to quiver, on its shaken crest 
 Its locks it nods, until, by slow degrees 901 
 Thro' wounds subdued, it deep hath groaned 
 
 its last, 
 And, wrested from the brows, hath trailed 
 
 a wreck. 
 I downward pass, and — deity my guide — 
 Amid the fire and foes am I l:)rought clear : 
 Give place the weapons, and the flames 
 
 retreat, 
 * ' And when I now am at the door ar- 
 rived 
 Of my paternal seat, and ancient home, 
 My father, whom in chief I yearned to bear 
 Off to the lofty mounts, and chief I sought, 
 His life, — Troy razed, — refuses to prolong, 
 And banishment to brook. 'O ye, with 
 
 whom 912 
 
 Your blood in age is unimpaired,' he cries, 
 ' And firmly stand your pow'rs in native 
 
 might. 
 Plan ye escape. If heav'n's inhabitants 
 Had willed that I should lengthen out my 
 
 Hfe, 
 This residence for me they would have saved. 
 Enough, and more !— one wreck have we 
 
 beheld ; 
 A captured city, too, survived. Oh ! thus, 
 My corpse, thus laid, addressing, ye depart. 
 I by [some] hand myself a death will find : 
 
 893. " Then let me stay ; and, father, do you fly : 
 Your loss is great, so your regard should be ; 
 My worth unknown, no loss is known in me. 
 Upon my death the French can little boast ; 
 In your's they will, in you all hopes are lost. 
 Flight cannot stain the honour you have won, 
 But mine it will, that no exploit have done. 
 You fled for vantage every one will swear, 
 But if I bow, they'll say it was for fear. 
 There is no hope that ever I will stay, 
 If the first hour I shrink and run away. 
 Here on my knee, I beg mortality, 
 Rather than life preserved with infamy." 
 
 Shakespeare, K, Henry V., iv. 5. 
 
V. 646—674' 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
 V. 674— 70 T. 
 
 "5 
 
 The foe will pity me, and seek the spoils. 
 Easy the loss of grave. This long time past 
 I, loathed by gods and worthless, stay the 
 
 years, 924 
 
 Since me the sire of gods and king of men 
 Hath blasted with his levin-storms, and 
 
 scathed 
 With fire.' In saying such he stiffly stood. 
 And fixed continued. On the other hand, 
 Dissolved in tears are we, — alike my spouse 
 Creusa, and Ascanius, even all 930 
 
 The household, lest my sire should be 
 
 content 
 Our all to ruin with himself, and press 
 Upon the doom that hastens. He declines. 
 And to his aim, and in the selfsame seat, 
 He clings. Once more I'm hurried on to 
 
 arms. 
 And deeply wretched do I long for death. 
 For what device, or what the chance was 
 
 now 
 Vouchsafed ? * That I could stir a foot, O 
 
 sire. 
 When thou wert left behind, could'st thou 
 
 expect ? 
 And hath so dark a guilt a father's lips 940 
 Escaped ? If pleaseth it the gods above. 
 That out of so immense a city naught 
 Be left, and this [resolve] within thy mind 
 Is seated, and to Troja, doomed to die. 
 It joys to link alike thyself, and thine, — 
 The gate lies open to a death [like] that, 
 And Pyrrhus will anon be present here 
 From Priam's plenteous blood, [the mis- 
 creant,] 
 Who slays a son before a father's eyes, 
 The father at his altars. Was't for this, 950 
 O mother boon, that me through darts, 
 
 through fires. 
 Thou sav'st, that [I] amid our private halls 
 [Should look upon] a foeman ; yea, that I 
 Ascanius, and my father, and Creusa near, 
 One butchered in the other's blood, should 
 
 see? 
 Anns, heroes, bring my arms : their latest 
 
 light 
 The conquered calls. Restore me to the 
 
 Greeks ; 
 I^et me again go see the fights renewed : 
 We ne'er shall all this day die imavenged.' 
 "Thereon with steel am I begirt once 
 
 more ; 960 
 
 And I was introducing my left hand 
 Within my shield, adjusting it [thereto]. 
 And bearing me outside the halls : but lo ! 
 My feet embracing, in the threshold clung 
 My spouse, and young lulus to his sire 
 
 936. " Tis time to die when 'tis a shame to live." 
 Middlcton, TAe C/iangelin^, v. 3. 
 
 Held out. * If thou dost go to meet thy 
 
 doom. 
 Snatch us too with thyself to every [risk] : 
 But if, from trial, any hope in arms 
 Assumed thou restest, first this home de- 
 fend. 
 To whom is young lulus, t' whom thy sire, 
 [To whom] am I too left, once called thy 
 
 wife 
 
 971 
 
 "Such venting loud, with moaning all 
 
 the house 
 She filled, when rises up a prodigy, 
 A sudden one, and marv'Uous to be told. 
 P'or 'mid his mourning parents' hands and 
 
 lips, 
 Lo ! from the summit of lulus* head 
 A filmy tuft is seen to shed a light, 
 And, harmless at the touch, a flame to lick 
 His silky locks, and round his brows to 
 
 feed. 
 We, flurried, quake with terror, and shake 
 
 out 980 
 
 The blazing hair, and quench the holy fires 
 From water-springs. , But sire Anchises 
 His eyes uplifted to tne stars, in glee, and 
 
 forth 
 He stretched his hands to heaven with his 
 
 voice : 
 * Almighty Jove, if thou by any prayers 
 Art swayed, regard us, — [I entreat] but 
 
 this ; — 
 And if by goodness we deserve it, deign 
 Thy aid, then, sire, and stablish these 
 
 portents.' 
 ** Scarce these the ag6d [man] had said : 
 
 forthwith 
 With sudden crash it thundered on the left, 
 And, from the welkin shooting through the 
 
 gloom, 991 
 
 A meteor, trailing on a link [of light], 
 With plenteous sheen careered. This, 
 
 gliding on 
 Above the highest roof-tops of the dome. 
 In Ida's forest do we see enshroud 
 Its brilliant form, and marking out the 
 
 paths. 
 Then in long track its furrow sheds a gleam. 
 And wide the spots around with sulphur 
 
 smoke. 
 Here sooth my sire, o'erpowered, to the 
 
 air 
 Uplifts himself, and he accosts the gods, loco 
 And venerates the holy star : ' Now, now 
 
 98:^. " Can men's prayers, 
 
 .Shot up to Heaven with such a zeal as mine are. 
 Fall back like lary mists, and never prosper T" 
 J. Fletcher, Beggar's Bush, iii. 4. 
 
 989. " Forthwith " is the true force of ^w^, v. 6)2. 
 996. More literally : " Its brilliant self." 
 1 2 
 
i6 
 
 V. 701 — 728. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 729—741- 
 
 Is no demur ; I follow you, and where 
 Ye lead am present. O my father's gods, 
 Save ye my family, my grandson save ! 
 Yours this presage, and in your heav'nly 
 
 will 
 Troy rests. I sooth submit, nor, son, 
 
 do I 
 In company with thee decline to go.' 
 
 •' He said. And through the city now the 
 fire 
 Is heard in greater plainness ; closer, too. 
 The conflagrations roll along the heat. loio 
 • Then come, dear father, place thee on my 
 
 neck : 
 Myself will on my shoulders thee support ; 
 Nor shall that travail weigh me down, 
 
 Howe'er events 
 Shall fall, a single and a common risk, 
 A single safety, shall there be for both. 
 Let young lulus my companion be, 
 And from afar my consort watch our steps. 
 Do ye, ye servants, in your minds give 
 
 heed 
 To what I say. When from the city passed 
 There stands for you a knoll, and aged fane 
 Of Ceres lorn, and, nigh, a cypress-tree. 
 Time-honored, by the reverence of our sires 
 Preserved through many a year. To this 
 one spot 1023 
 
 From different [directions] will we come. 
 Do thou, my father, take within thy hand 
 The holy [emblems] and our country's gods : 
 For me, departed from so sore a war. 
 And slaughter fresh, to touch them were a 
 
 crime. 
 Till I have washed me in a living stream.' 
 These having spoken, on my shoulders 
 broad, 1030 
 
 And neck submissive, with a robe and hide 
 Of tawny lion am I overlaid. 
 And undertake my load. In my right hand 
 The young lulus twined himself, and he 
 His father follows with no even steps : 
 Behind creeps on my consort. We are borne 
 Through spots of shade ; and me, whom 
 
 heretofore 
 
 No weapons, showered on me, would affect. 
 
 Nor clustered Grecians from a hostile band. 
 
 Now every breath alarms ; starts every 
 
 sound 1040 
 
 I002. " Oh ! a cherubim 
 
 Thou wast, that did preserve me. Thou didst 
 smile. 
 
 Infused with a fortitude from heaven." 
 
 Shakespeare, Tempest, i. 2. 
 
 1026. Sacra, v. 717, evidently refers to the image 
 of Vesta, the fillets and the fire, mentioned in 
 verses 296, 7. 
 
 1040. Dryden borrows the idea in these lines, 
 when speaking of the anxiety of Prince Rupert at 
 
 One poised [in doubt], and equally in dread 
 Alike for his companion and his load. 
 And now was I approaching to the gates. 
 And all the way appeared t' have over- 
 
 When suddenly a frequent din of feet 
 Seemed to be present at my [very] ears ; 
 My father, too, forth peering through the 
 
 gloom. 
 Cries out, ' Son, fly, my son ! they're draw- 
 ing nigh ! 
 Their blazing shields and gleaming bronze 
 
 I see !' 
 'Twas here that, flurried [as I was], from 
 
 me 1050 
 
 Some Power, ill my friend, (I know not 
 
 what,) 
 Robbed my bewildered mind. For in my 
 
 course 
 While I the by-ways track, and pass aside 
 Without the public quarter of the streets, 
 Ah ! whether reft away from me, ill-starred, 
 By destiny, my spouse Creusa paused ; 
 Or wandered from the path ; or, faint, sat 
 
 down ; — 
 Is unresolved : thenceforward ne'er was she 
 To eyes of ours restored ; nor e'er did I 
 Upon the lost one cast a look behind, 1060 
 
 hearing the noise of battle, before his junction 
 
 with the Duke of Albemarle : 
 
 " With such kind passion hastes the prince to fight. 
 
 And spreads his flying canvas to the sound ; 
 Him whom no danger, were he there, could fright. 
 
 Now, absent, every little noise can wound." 
 
 Aftn7es Mirabilis, log. 
 
 So Denham of the hunted stag in Cooper's Hill: 
 " Now every leaf, and every moving breath. 
 Presents a foe, and every foe a death." 
 
 1044. Weise, with other editors, reads vicein 
 instead of viam ; an emendation which yields a 
 better sense, though it has been attacked as bad 
 Latin. In answer to this objection it may be 
 observed, in the first place, that Heyne, Brunck, 
 Markland, and Weise ought to know good Latin 
 from bad ; and, in the second, that even if they did 
 not, it does not at all follow that, because Virgil 
 has used evitasse in connection with vices else- 
 where, he should be confined to such a conjunction 
 for ever. He himself seems to apply evado to an 
 exactly similar expression in book x., v. 316 : 
 
 " Casus evadere ferri 
 Quod licuit parvo." 
 
 However, the reading viam is adhered to, not 
 because vicem. would be bad Latin, or because 
 there is any indifference to its yielding a far better 
 sense, but because it seems to have no authority 
 whatever from manuscripts. 
 
 I see the blaze of torches from afar. 
 And hear the trampling of thick-beating feet : 
 This way they move." 
 
 Dryden, Don Sebastian, iv. i. 
 
 1060. It is quite true that he would not have 
 seen her if he had ; but he speaks of her according 
 to his subsequent experience ; as if he had said : 
 
 1049. 
 
V. 742—767. 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
 V. 768—790. 
 
 117 
 
 Or turn a thought, until we are arrived 
 At ancient Ceres' hill and hallowed seat. 
 All being mustered here at last, 'twas she 
 Alone was missing, and her mates, and 
 
 son. 
 And consort, failed. Whom both of men 
 
 and gods 
 In frenzy did I not upbraid ? Or what 
 More bitter in the city razed did I 
 Behold ? Ascanius, and my sire Anchises, 
 And Teucrian Penates to my mates 
 Do I entrust, and in a winding glen 1070 
 Secrete them : I myself the city seek 
 Once more, and am begirt in gleaming arms. 
 Resolved am I all hazards to renew, 
 And all through Troja to return, and fling 
 Once more my head in face of risks. At 
 
 first 
 The walls and darkling thresholds of the 
 
 gate. 
 Whence I had issued forth, I seek again. 
 And backward trace my steps, marked 
 
 through the gloom. 
 And scan them with my eye. The dread 
 
 [of night] all round. 
 At once the very stillness fright my soul. 
 Thence home, if haply she her foot, if she 
 Had haply [thither] moved, do I myself 1082 
 Betake, The Danai had rushed within, 
 And all the dwelling occupied. Forthwith 
 The glutton fire is vollied by the wind 
 To the roof-crests ; up mount the flames ; 
 
 the tide 
 Is raving to the breezes, I advance, 
 And Priam's dome revisit and the tower. 
 And now within the empty colonnades, 
 In Juno's sanctuary, sentries choice, 1090 
 Phoenix and cursed Ulysses, were the spoil 
 Close-guarding. Hither, [drawn] from every 
 
 side, 
 Troy's treasure, rifled from the burning 
 
 shrines. 
 E'en boards of gods, and massy bowls of 
 
 gold. 
 And plundered gear, are heaped together. 
 
 Boys, 
 And quaking dames, in long array stand 
 
 round. 
 
 " I did not turn my eyes back to see if Creusa 
 were behind, who was really missing, though I did 
 not know it at the time." The translators, gene- 
 rally, fall into what appears to be a weakness, by 
 their taking respicio in its tropical meaning. 
 Freund, however, adopts what seems to be the 
 right view. The poet means iEneas to say: "I 
 never turned a look, nor a thought, behind upon 
 my missing wife." 
 
 X080. " No ! all is hushed, and still as death : 'tis 
 dreadful !" 
 
 Congreve, Mourning Bride, ii. i. 
 
 Yea, daring e'en to fling my words thro'out 
 The. darkness, with a cry I filled the streets, 
 And in my grief redoubling all in vain, 
 Creusa o'er and o'er again I called, iioo 
 While searching, and in endless rage among 
 The city buildings, fraught with woe [to 
 
 me]. 
 The spectre and the phantom of herself, 
 Creusa, loomed upon me 'fore my eyes, 
 And larger than the [life-] known [form] 
 
 her ghost. 
 Aghast was I, and stood my hair on end, 
 And clave articulation to my jaws. 
 She then on this wise me accosts, 
 And takes away my troubles by these words : 
 • Why joys it thee to give such ready way 
 To madding sorrow, O delightsome spouse ? 
 These happen not without the will of gods ; 
 Nor is it granted thee to carry off" 1 1 13 
 Creusa as thy comrade, nor doth he. 
 The lord of high Olympus [this] allow. 
 For thee protracted wand'rings [are in 
 
 store]. 
 And ocean's spacious surface must be 
 
 ploughed ; 
 And thou shalt at Hesperia's land arrive, 
 Where Lydian Tiber thro' the wealthy fields 
 Of heroes with a gentle current runs, 1 120 
 There glad estate, and realm, and queenly 
 
 bride. 
 Are purchased for thee : drive away thy 
 
 tears 
 For thy beloved Creusa, Ne'er shall I 
 The Myrmidons', or Dolopes' proud seats 
 Behold, or shall I go to be a thrall 
 To Grecian matrons, — [I,] a Dardan dame, 
 And spouse to th' son of Venus the divine ; 
 But me the sovereign mother of the gods 
 Holds back within these coasts. And now 
 
 farewell. 
 And guard affection for our common son.' 
 These words when she delivered, me in 
 
 tears. 
 
 1 106. " All which when he unto the end had heard. 
 Like to a weake faint-hearted man he fared 
 Through great astonishment of that strange sight ; 
 And, with lung locks upstanding stiffly, stared 
 Like one adawed with some dreadfull spright." 
 Spenser, /'. Q. , v. 7, 20. 
 1 1 35. Cleopatra felt as Creusa : 
 
 " Know, sir, that I 
 Will not wait pinion'd at your master's court ; 
 Nor once be chastised with the sober eye 
 Of dull Octavia. Shall they hoist me up. 
 And show me to the shouting varlctry 
 Of censuring Rome ? Rather a ditch in Egypt 
 Be gentle grave to me ! Rather on Nilus' mud 
 Lay me stark naked, and let the water-flies 
 Blow me into abhorring ! Rather make 
 My country's high pyramides my gibbet. 
 And hang me up in chains !" 
 
 Shakespeare, Ani. and CUo/. v, a. 
 
V. 790— 795- 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 795—804. 
 
 And longing many a [thought] to speak, 
 she left, 1 132 
 
 And back retreated into filmy air. 
 
 Three times I there essayed to throw my 
 arms 
 
 Around her neck ; three times in vain en- 
 grasped. 
 
 The phantom-form escaped my hands, a 
 match 
 
 For wanton winds, and likest wingy sleep. 
 " Thus I at length my mates, — the night 
 far spent, — 
 
 1135. So Savage, in the Wanderer, canto ii. 
 The Hermit, on the sight of the shadow of his 
 wife Olympia, says : 
 " Still thus I urge (for still the shadowy bliss 
 
 Shuns the warm grasp, nor yields the tender kiss) 
 
 Oh, fly not ! fade not ! Listen to Love's call ; 
 
 She lives ! — no more I'm man ! — I'm spirit all ! 
 
 Then let me snatch thee ! — press thee ! — take me 
 whole ! 
 
 Oh, close ! — yet closer ! closer to my soul ! 
 
 Twice round her waist my eager arms entwined. 
 
 And, twice deceived, my frenzy clasp'd the wind !" 
 
 Revisit. And I here in wonder find 
 
 A mighty number of companions strange 
 
 Had tided in, both dames and men, — a 
 
 throng 1 141 
 
 Mustered for banishment, a piteous horde. 
 From every side they flocked, in mind and 
 
 means 
 Prepared [to voyage] to whatever lands 
 I pleased to lead them off across the 
 
 main. 
 And now upon the brows of Ida's cope 
 The star of morn was rising, and the day 
 Was ush'ring in ; the Greeks, too, held the 
 
 gates' 
 Beleaguered thresholds ; nor was any hope 
 Of succor granted [to us] : I gave way. 
 And with my sire upraised the mountains 
 
 sought." 1151 
 
 1 151. "This is the chance of fickle Fortune's 
 wheel : 
 A prince at morn, a pilgrim ere't be night." 
 
 Robert Greene, Alphonsus, iv. 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 "After it seemed to heav'nly Powers meet 
 To raze the realm of Asia, and the race 
 Of Priam that deserved it not, and fell 
 Proud Ilium, and is smoking from the 
 
 ground 
 All Neptune's Troja, — climes of banish- 
 ment 
 Wide-severed, and unpeopled lands, are we 
 Enforced to seek by omens of the gods ; 
 And underneath Antandros' self, and 
 
 mounts 
 Of Phrygian Ida, we a navy build. 
 In doubt where fates may bear us, where 
 'tis deigned 10 
 
 To settle down : and muster we our men. 
 The dawning summer scarcely had begun, — 
 Straight sire Anchises to resign the sails 
 To fates commanded ; when the shores and 
 
 ports 
 Of my paternal land in tears I leave. 
 The plains, too, where [once] Troja stood. 
 
 I'm borne 
 A banished man upon the deep with mates. 
 And son, Penates, and the mighty gods. 
 
 Line 4. " Troy, that art now nought but an idle 
 
 name, 
 ' And in thine ashes buried low dost lie. 
 Though whilome far much greater then thy fame. 
 Before that angry gods and cruell skie 
 Upon thee heapt a direful destinie." 
 
 Spenser, F. Q., iii. 9, 33, 
 
 '*A martial land afar with spacious 
 
 plains 
 Is peopled ; (Thracians till it ;) whilom 
 
 ruled 20 
 
 By fierce Lycurgus, hostelry of yore 
 To Troy, and their Penates leagued [with 
 
 ours]. 
 While Fortune stood. I'm hither borne, 
 
 and found 
 Upon the winding shore my earliest walls, 
 With fates unfriendly ent'ring, and the 
 
 name, 
 * i^neadae,' from my own name I coin. 
 
 *' I was performing their religious rites 
 In honor of my Dionaean mother, 
 And gods, the patrons of my tasks com- 
 menced ; 
 And to the lofty monarch of the powers 30 
 That haunt the heav'ns, was slaying on the 
 
 shore 
 A glQssy bull. By chance a mound was 
 
 nigh. 
 
 32. This whole legend of Polydorus is finely 
 imitated by Spenser, F. Q., i. 2, 30, 31 : 
 " And thinking of those braunches greene to frame 
 
 A girlond for her dainty forehead fit. 
 
 He pluckt a bough ; out of whose rifte there came 
 Smal drops of gory bloud, that trickled down the 
 
 same. 
 " Therewith a piteous yelling voice was heard 
 
 Crying, ' spare with guilty hands to teare 
 
V. 22 — 4>* 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 V. 42—57. 
 
 119 
 
 On top whereof were cornel shrubs, and 
 
 bush 
 Of myrtle, bristling with the serried shafts 
 Of lances. I approached j and from the 
 
 ground 
 As I an effort make to wrench away 
 A verdant thicket, that I might imbower 
 The altars with its branches rife in leaves, 
 A fearful prodigy do I behold. 
 And marvellous for story. For the tree. 
 Which first from out the ground with 
 
 bursten roots 41 
 
 Is torn, — from this flow drops of jetty 
 
 blood, 
 And with the gore the earth distain. My 
 
 limbs 
 Chill terror shakes, and, icy-cold, my 
 
 blood 
 Curdles with fear. Again do I press on 
 E'en of another [bush] a limber twig 
 To wrench away, and throughly to explore 
 The lurking reasons : — of [this] other, too. 
 The jetty blood comes coursing from the 
 
 bark. 
 I, waking many [a thought] within my 
 
 mind, 50 
 
 The rural Nymphs adored, and father 
 
 Mars, 
 Who o'er the Getic fields presides, that they 
 Might duly to the visions grant success. 
 And lighten the portent. But when the 
 
 third 
 Lance-shafts with greater effort I assail, 
 And strain with knees against opposing 
 
 sand ; — 
 Shall I speak out, or shall I hold my 
 
 peace ? — 
 From the mound's base a tearful groan is 
 
 heard. 
 And voice, sent forth, is wafted to my ears : 
 * Why, O /Eneas, mangiest thou a wretch ? 
 Forbear thee from [a corse] now tombed ; 
 
 forbear 61 
 
 My tender sides in this rough rynd embard ; 
 But fly, ah ! fly far hence away, for feare 
 Least to you hap, that happened to me heare. 
 And to this wretched Lady, my dear love ; 
 O too deare love, love bought with death too 
 
 deare !' 
 Astond he stood, and up his heare did hove ; 
 And with that suddein horror could no member 
 move." 
 40. Or : "wondrous to be mentioned." 
 
 61. "Forbear! What art thou that dost rudely 
 press 
 Into the confines of forsaken graves ? 
 Hath death no privilege ?" 
 
 Ford, Love's Sncrijtce, v. 4. 
 " What call unknown, what charms presume 
 To break the quiet of the tomb ? 
 Who thus afilicts my troubled sprite, 
 And drags me from the realms of night? 
 
 Polluting thy religious hands. To thee 
 No stranger, me hath Troja brought to 
 
 light ; 
 [N]or is this blood-stream dripping from a 
 
 tree. 
 Ah ! fly fell regions, fly a miser shore. 
 For I am Polydorus. Here transpierced 
 An iron crop of weapons me hath screened, 
 And grown upon me with their pointed 
 
 darts.' 
 Then sooth, with doubting fear in spirit 
 
 crushed. 
 Aghast was I, and stood my hair on end. 
 And clave articulation to my jaws. 7 1 
 
 ** This Polydore, with mighty weight of 
 
 gold. 
 Unhappy Priam whilom had by stealth 
 Consigned to Thracia's monarch to be 
 
 reared. 
 When now mistrusted he Dardania's arms. 
 And saw the city circled by a siege. 
 He, when the Trojans' pow'r was broken 
 
 up. 
 And Fortune ebbed away, the interests 
 Of Agamemnon, and his conqu'ring arms. 
 Pursuing, thro' all obligation bursts, 80 
 Slays Polydore, and gains the gold by force. 
 To what dost thou not drive the hearts of 
 
 men. 
 Cursed greed of gold ! When shudd'ring 
 
 left my bones. 
 
 Long on these mould'ring bones have beat 
 The winter's snow, the summer's heat. 
 The drenching dews, and driving rain ! 
 Let me, let me sleep again. 
 Who is he, with voice unblest, 
 That calls me from the bed of rest ?'* 
 
 Gray, Descent of Odin. 
 
 64. " Forbear, if thou hast pity. Ah ! forbear ! 
 These groans proceed not from a senseless plant. 
 No spouts of blood run welling from a tree." 
 Dryden, King Arthur, iv. i. 
 
 77. " Our hopes all come to this ! our mighty 
 hopes, 
 Huge as a mountain, shrunk into a wart." 
 
 Shirley, Honoria and Matnmon, iii. 4. 
 
 83. " That cart arrest, and raise a common cry. 
 For sacred hunger of my gold I die." 
 
 Dryden, Cock and Fox, 253, 4. 
 
 Both here and in his translation of the ^neid, 
 Dryden renders sacer by " sacred :" sorely this is 
 to mislead. Chaucer merely says : 
 
 " My gold caused my mordre, soth to saine." 
 The Nonnes Frees tes Tale. 
 
 " But when the bowels of the earth were sought. 
 
 Whose golden entrails mortals did espy. 
 Into the world all mischief then was brought. 
 This framed the mint, that coined our misery." 
 Drayton, I'astorals, iv. aa. 
 Timon of Athens was of a different stamp from 
 Polymestor : 
 
 "What is here? 
 Gold 7 Yellow, glittering, precious gold ! No, gods. 
 
V. 58—72. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 72—93- 
 
 To chosen leaders of the populace, 
 
 And to my sire the first, the gods' portents 
 
 do I 
 Report, and what may be their judgment 
 
 ask. 
 With all the same decision : — to withdraw 
 From land by guilt profaned ; that hos- 
 
 pitage 
 Defiled should be abandoned ; and that we 
 Should grant the southern breezes to the 
 
 ships. 90 
 
 So Polydorus' fun'ral we perform, 
 And on the mound a heap of earth is piled. 
 The altars to the Manes mourning stand 
 With dun festoons, and cypress swart ; 
 
 and, round. 
 The Trojan women with dishevelled hair, 
 According to the custom. We present 
 Boats frothing with warm milk, and bowls 
 
 of holy blood ; 
 The spirit, too, we bury in the grave. 
 And with loud voice the last [of calls] 
 
 arouse. 
 " Then, when dependance first upon the 
 
 main 100 
 
 Is [placed], and winds vouchsafe us seas 
 
 appeased. 
 And woos soft chiding Auster to the deep, 
 My comrades launch the ships, and fill the 
 
 shores : 
 Away from port we're swept, and lands and 
 
 towns 
 
 I am no idle votarist. Roots, you clear Heavens ! 
 Thus much of this will make black white ; foul, fair ; 
 Wrong, right ; base, noble ; old, young ; coward, 
 
 valiant. 
 Ha ! you gods ! why this? What this, you gods? 
 
 Why this 
 Will lug your priests and servants from your sides, 
 Pluck stout men's pillows from below their heads : 
 This yellow slave 
 
 Will knit and break religions ; bless th' accurs'd ; 
 Make the hoar leprosy ador'd ; place thieves. 
 And give them title, knee, and approbation. 
 With senators on the bench." 
 
 Shakespeare, Timon of Athens, iv. 3. 
 
 " Though I must grant. 
 Riches, well got, to be a useful servant. 
 But a bad master." 
 Massinger, A New Way to Pay Old Debts, iv. 1. 
 " Conscience, my friends. 
 And wealth, are not always neighbours." 
 
 The City Madam, v. 2. 
 94. Or : " sombre wreaths." 
 97. So Dryden, of the funeral rites of Arcite : 
 
 " Full bowls of wine, of honey, milk, and blood, 
 Were pour'd upon the pile of burning wood. 
 And hissing flames receive, and hungry lick the 
 
 food. 
 Then thrice the mounted squadrons ride around 
 The fire, and Arcite's name they thrice resound, 
 ' Hail and farewell ! they shouted thrice amain. 
 Thrice facing to the left, and thrice they turn'd 
 Palamon and Arcite, -zzis-ji. 
 
 Retreat. A holy region 'mid the sea 
 Is peopled, full delightsome to the mother 
 Of Nereids, and yEgean Neptune, which, 
 While straying erst around the coasts and 
 
 shores. 
 The Bowman with the lofty Gyaros 
 And Myconus enchained, and, unremoved, 
 Gave to be peopled, and to scorn the winds. 
 I'm wafted hither : this thrice-peaceful 
 
 [land] 112 
 
 The wearied safely welcomes in its port. 
 Debarked, Apollo's city we adore. 
 King Anius, he, the same, the king of 
 
 men. 
 And Phoebus' priest, with wreaths and holy 
 
 bay 
 Brow-bound, comes up ; Anchises, his old 
 
 friend, 
 He recognizes. We unite right hands 
 In hospitage, and pass beneath his roof. 
 
 " The temple of the god, of aged stone 
 Upreared, I prayed : ' A home, our own, 
 
 vouchsafe, 12 1 
 
 Thymbraean ! walls vouchsafe to weary 
 
 [souls], 
 A lineage, too, and city that will last. 
 Guard thou the second Pergamus of Troy, 
 A remnant from the Gi-eeks and fell 
 
 Achilles. 
 Whom follow we? Or whither biddest thou 
 To wend our way ? Where settlements to 
 
 plant ? 
 Vouchsafe, O sire, thine oracle, and steal 
 Within our souls.' I scarce had spoken these : 
 Upon a sudden all appeared to quake, 130 
 Alike the fane and bay-tree of the god. 
 And the whole mount to be convulsed 
 
 around. 
 The tripod, too, to rumble in the shrines. 
 Unveiled. We reverently fall to earth, 
 And voice is wafted onward to our ears : 
 
 108. Spenser seems to have drawn the idea of his 
 Wandering Islands from this legend about Delos : 
 
 " For those same Islands, seeming now and than. 
 Are not firme land, nor any certein wonne. 
 But stragling plots, which to and fro doe ronne 
 In the wide waters ; therefore are they hight 
 The Wandering Islands." F. Q., ii. 12, 11. 
 
 Milton alludes to it in illustration of a grand 
 idea: 
 
 " The aggregated soil 
 Death, with his mace petrific, cold and dry. 
 As with a trident smote, and fix'd as firm 
 As Delos, floating once." P. L., b. x. 
 
 124. Or: 
 
 " Guard thou her second Pergamus for Troy." 
 
 134. " But of all, the burst 
 
 And the ear-deafening voice o' th' oracle. 
 Kin to Jove's thunder, so surpriz'd my sense. 
 That I was nothing." 
 
 Shakespeare, Winter's Tale, iii. i. 
 
▼. 94— »I9. 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 V. 119 — 146. 
 
 121 
 
 • Ye hardy sons of Dardanus, what land 
 First bare you from your parents' stock, 
 
 the same 
 \Vithin its fruitful lap shall welcome you, 
 Returned. Seek out your ancient mother. 
 
 Here 
 Eneas' house shall rule o'er every coast, 
 And his sons' sons, and they who shall 
 
 from them 141 
 
 Be born.' These Phoebus : and with 
 
 mingled stir 
 Vast rose the joy, and all the body ask 
 What be that city, whither Phoebus calls 
 The rovers, and enjoins them to return ? 
 My sire then, turning o'er the record-tales 
 Of men of old, cries : ' Listen, O ye chiefs. 
 And learn your hopes. Crete, isle of 
 
 mighty Jove, 
 Amid the ocean lies, where [stands] the 
 
 mount 
 Of Ida, and the cradle of our race. 150 
 
 A hundred mighty cities do they haunt. 
 Thrice-fruitful kingdoms, whence our eldest 
 
 sire, — 
 If I aright remember [legends] heard, — 
 Teucer, to coasts Rhoetean first was borne, 
 And for his kingdom chose the site. Nor yet 
 Had Ilium and the tow'rs of Pergamus 
 Stood forth : they harbored in the lowest 
 
 glens. 
 Hence [sprang] the mother, [she,] the 
 
 denizen 
 Of Cybela, the bronzes, too, of Corybants, 
 And grove of Ida ; hence in holy [rites] 
 A trusty secresy ; and lions, yoked, 16 1 
 The chariot of their mistress underwent. 
 Then come, and where the mandates of 
 
 the gods 
 Are leading follow we : let us appease 
 The Winds, and for the realms of Gnosus 
 
 make. 
 Nor are they distant by a lengthful route : 
 Only let Jove be with us, — [day's] third dawn 
 Shall land our navy on the Cretan coasts.' 
 Thus having spoken, for the altars he 
 The dueful sacrifices slew, — a bull 170 
 
 136. " But what have been thy answers, what but 
 dark, 
 Ambiguous, and with double sense deluding, 
 Which they who ask'd have seldom understood, 
 
 ; And not well understood as good not known ?" 
 Slilton, P. R., b. i. 
 X46. Or : " chronicles." 
 157. Or : " valley-depths." 
 170. So Dryden, on the Restoration of King 
 
 Charles the Second : 
 
 " A bull to thee, Portunus, shall be slain, 
 A lamb to you, ye tempests of the main : 
 For those loud storms, that did against him roar. 
 Have cast his shipwreck'd vessel on the shore." 
 Astrea Redujc, 121-4. 
 
 To Neptune, unto thee a bull, Apollo 
 
 fair, 
 A sable victim to [the god of] Storm, 
 To favorable Western gales a white. 
 
 " A rumor flies, that, from his father's 
 
 realms 
 Expelled, Idomeneus the chief was gone, 
 And that abandoned were the shores of 
 
 Crete, 
 Its homes from foeman free, and that its 
 
 seats 
 Were standing for us all forlorn. We quit 
 Ortygia's havens, and across the deep 
 We fly, and, revelled over on its brows, 
 Naxos, and green Donusa, Olearos, 181 
 And snow-white Paros, and the Cyclad- 
 
 isles, 
 Sprent o'er the main, and friths, with clus- 
 tered lands 
 Thick-sown, we coast. Up springs the 
 
 sailor-shout 
 In changeful rivalry ; the crews they 
 
 cheer ; — 
 * To Crete and our progenitors let us 
 Repair !' A breeze, uprising from astern 
 Attends us as we go, and we at last 
 Glide gently to the Curets' ancient coasts. 
 So, eagerly, the wished-for city's walls 
 I plan, and * Pergamean ' title it ; 19 1 
 
 The nation, too, rejoicing in the name, 
 I urge to love their hearths, and rear 
 
 aloft 
 The castle with its roofs. And now the 
 
 stems 
 Were just up-hauled upon the thirsty beach ; 
 In marriage-rites, and new [ly granted] 
 
 fields 
 The youth were tasked ; their rights and 
 
 homes was I 
 Dispensing ; — when upon a sudden swooped 
 From [some] attainted region of the sky 
 On limbs a wasting, and alike on trees, 
 And seeded crops a pitiable plague, 201 
 And season rife with death. Their precious 
 
 lives 
 They left, or healthless bodies trailed along. 
 Then Sinus 'gan to scorch the barren fields ; 
 Grass withered, and its food the sickly com 
 Denied. Once more t' Ortygia's oracle 
 And Phoebus, — ocean meted back, — my 
 
 sire 
 Advises to resort, and grace to crave ; 
 What close to our distressed estate he 
 
 brings ; 
 Whence he enjoins our trying [to obtain] 
 Relief from suff"'rings ; whither veer our 
 
 course. 
 
 X91. Or : " call it after Pergamus." 
 
V. 147 — 172. 
 
 THE jENElD. 
 
 V. 173 — 198. 
 
 ** 'Twas night, and things of life thro'out 
 
 the lands 212 
 
 Sleep held. The holy figures of the gods, 
 And Phrygian tutelars, which I with me 
 From Troy, and from amid the city-fires, 
 Had brought away, appeared before mine 
 
 eyes 
 To stand hard by, in slumbers as I lay. 
 Plain in a flood of light, where full the moon 
 Through the inserted casements poured her 
 
 [rays] ; 
 On this wise then t' accost me, and to take 
 Solicitudes away by these their words : 
 ' Whate'er to thee, what time t' Ortygia 
 
 borne 222 
 
 Apollo is prepared to utter, here 
 He chants, and sends us to thy dwelling- 
 place, 
 Lo! unentreated. We, — Dardania burnt, — 
 Thee and thine arms who've followed ; 
 
 under thee 
 Who have the heaving ocean in thy ships 
 O'er-traversed ; [we], the same, thy sons 
 
 of sons. 
 That are to issue, to the stars will raise, 
 And to thy city sovereignty vouchsafe. 230 
 Do thou for giant [heroes] giant walls 
 Prepare, and quit not flight's protracted toil. 
 Thy homesteads must be changed : 'tis not 
 
 these shores 
 Delian Apollo hath advised for thee. 
 Or hath he bid thee settle down in Crete. 
 There is a spot, (' Hesperia ' do the Greeks 
 Entitle it by name ;) an ancient land. 
 Puissant in arms and richness of its soil : 
 ^notrian swains inhabited it [erst] ; 
 Now rumor [tells], that moderns ' Italy' 
 Have called the nation from the leader's 
 
 name. 241 
 
 These are the rightful settlements for us ; 
 Hence Dardanus was sprung, (sire Jasius, 
 
 too ;) 
 From the which chieftain [came] our race. 
 
 Come ! rise ! 
 And blithely to thy aged sire these words, 
 Not to be called in doubt, report : ' Let him 
 Deep-search for Coryth and Ausonian 
 
 lands : 
 The fields of Dicte Jove denies to thee.' 
 Thunderstruck by such sights and voice of 
 
 gods,— 249 
 
 212. " Night, clad in black, mourns for the loss of 
 day, 
 And hides the silver spangles of the air, 
 That not a spark is lett to light the world ; 
 Whilst quiet sleep, the nourisher of life, 
 Takes full possession of mortality : 
 All creatures take their rest in soft repose." 
 
 Machin, The Dumb Knight, ii. i. 
 
 228. Or : " O'er-measured." 
 
 Nor lethargy was that ; but in my sight 
 To recognize their looks, and banded hair, 
 And features present to me, did I seem : 
 Then trickled icy sweat from all my 
 
 frame ; — 
 I snatch my body from the couch, and 
 
 spread 
 To heav'n my hands uplifted with my 
 
 voice, 
 And ofif'rings pour untainted on the 
 
 hearths. 
 The homage to completion brought, in joy 
 I certify Anchises, and the tale 
 Develop in its order. Pie avowed 
 The pedigree of doubt, and double sires. 
 Himself, too, by a modern misconceit 261 
 Of ancient spots misled ; then saith : ' O 
 
 son. 
 Experienced in the destinies of Troy, 
 Alone to me such fates Cassandra sang. 
 Now do I recollect that she foretold 
 That these were to our nation due, and oft 
 Hesperia, oft Italian realms, she named. 
 But who could fancy that the Teucer-race 
 Were to Hesperia's shores to come ? Or 
 
 whom 
 Could then the prophetess Cassandra move ? 
 To Phoebus let us yield, and, warned [by 
 
 him], 271 
 
 His better [counsels] follow,' Thus he 
 
 speaks. 
 And we, exulting, in a throng obey 
 His word. This home, too, we forsake, 
 
 and, — few 
 Behind us left, — give sail, and scud across 
 The waste of water in our hollow bark. 
 
 ' ' Soon as the galleys occupied the deep, 
 Nor further now do any lands appear ; 
 Sky all around, and all around the main ; — 
 Then o'er my head a dingy rain-cloud came 
 To a near stand, night bringing on and storm, 
 And 'gan the wave to crisp beneath the 
 
 gloom. 282 
 
 Forthwith the winds roll on the sea, and rise 
 The mountain waters. Scattered here and 
 
 there, 
 Thro'out the mighty ocean are we tossed. 
 Storm-clouds' enwrapped the day, and dark- 
 ness dank 
 
 250. See note on Eel. v. 58. 
 253. " How he shook the king. 
 
 Made his soul melt within him, and his blood 
 Run into whey ! It stood upon his brow 
 Like a cold winter-dew." 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Philaster, i. i. 
 
 263. " O be of comfort ! 
 
 Make patience a noble fortitude. 
 And think not how unkindly we are used : 
 Man, like to cassia, is proved best being bruised." 
 Webster, The Duchess of Malfi, iii. 5. 
 
V. 199 — 328. 
 
 BOOK IIL 
 
 V. 228—350. 
 
 "3 
 
 Reft heav'n away, and from the rifted clouds 
 The fires redouble. From our course are we 
 Thrown out, and wander in the blindfold 
 
 waves. 
 E'en Palinure himself denies that he 290 
 Can day from night discriminate in heaven, 
 Nor recollect his path amid the surge. 
 Three suns, thus doubtful from the dark- 
 some murk, 
 We wander on the deep, as many nights 
 Without a star. Upon the day, the fourth. 
 Land first was seen to lift it (s form] at last. 
 To ope afar the mounts, and wreathe the 
 
 smoke. 
 Sails lower ; to the oars we rise ; no stay ; 
 The crews in straining whirl the foam, and 
 
 sweep 
 The azure [waters]. Rescued from the 
 
 waves, 300 
 
 The shores of Strophads welcome me the 
 
 first. 
 Tlae Strophads stand (by Grecian title 
 
 called,) 
 Isles in the great Ionian, which the dread 
 Celoeno, and the other Hatpies haunt, 
 Since Phineus' palace was against them 
 
 barred. 
 And former boards in terror they forsook. 
 No more distressful monster-form than 
 
 these. 
 Nor any feller plague and scourge of gods 
 Hath reared it [s form] above the Stygian 
 
 waves. 
 Maiden the faces of the winged [fiends], 
 All-foul their belly's flux, and pounced their 
 
 hands, 311 
 
 Their features, too, with craving ever wan. 
 When, hither wafted, enter we the port. 
 Behold ! in every spot blithe droves of 
 
 beeves 
 We see along the champaigns, and a flock 
 Of goats, with keeper none, throughout the 
 
 grass. 
 We charge them with the falcion, and the 
 
 gods. 
 And Jove himself, invite to share and prey. 
 Then on the bending beach we both upraise 
 Our seats, and banquet on the rich repast. 
 But on a sudden with a fearful swoop 321 
 Down from the mountains stand the Har- 
 pies by, 
 And with prodigious whizzings do they flap 
 Their wings, and rifle the repast, and all 
 Befoul with touch uncleanly : then [is heard] 
 
 ca?l 
 
 308. More literally : " wrath of gods." 
 10. Spenser, in the Faerie Queens, ii. 12, 36, 
 Is them : 
 
 The hellish harpyes, prophets of sad destiny." 
 
 314. Or: "fat droves." 
 
 An awful screaming 'mid a noisome smell. 
 Once more, within a far retreat, beneath 
 A vaulted rock, incloistered round with trees 
 And dreadful shadows, lay we out the 
 
 boards, 
 And on the altars place anew the fire : 330 
 Once more from forth a diff"'rent side of 
 
 heaven. 
 And darksome shrouds, the whirring crew 
 
 flits round 
 The prey with hooky claws ; with lips defile 
 The banquet. Then the order to my mates 
 I issue forth, that they should take their 
 
 arms. 
 And with the cursed nation war be waged. 
 Nor otherwise than as enjoined do they. 
 And range their falcions, screened among 
 
 the grass. 
 And hide away their bucklers out of sight. 
 So when, in swooping down, a din they 
 
 raised 340 
 
 Along the winding shores, Misenus gives 
 A signal from his lofty post of watch 
 Upon his hollow bronze. My comrades 
 
 charge. 
 And strange encounters they essay, to mar 
 The filthy birds of ocean with the sword. 
 But neither on their feathers any dint. 
 Nor wounds upon their backs do they re- 
 ceive ; 
 And, gliding 'neath the stars in sweepy 
 
 flight. 
 The prey half-eaten, and their foot-tracks 
 
 foul, 
 They leave. Alone upon a cliff all-high 350 
 Celoeno perched, ill-boding prophetess. 
 And from her bosom vents she forth this 
 
 strain : 
 * War, too, for slaughter of our beeves, and 
 
 steers 
 Laid low, descendants of Laomedon, 
 Is 't war to bring upon us ye prepare, 
 And th' unoffending Harpies to expel 
 From their ancestral realm ? Receive ye, 
 
 then, 
 
 346. Shakespeare makes Ariel and his company 
 equally invulnerable ; Tempest, iii. 3 : 
 
 " You fools, I and my fellows 
 Are ministers of fate : the elements. 
 Of whom your swords are temper'd, may as well 
 Wound the loud winds, or with bcmock'a-at stabs 
 Kill the still-closing waters, as diminish 
 One dowle that's in my plume: my fcUow- 
 
 ministers 
 Are like invulnerable." 
 
 351. Spenser torments Guyon with the same 
 
 fiend: 
 
 " Whiles sad Celeno, sitting on a clifte, 
 A song of bale and bitter sorrow sings. 
 That hart of flint asondcr could have rifle." 
 
 F. Q., u. 7, 33. 
 
124 
 
 V. 250 — 277. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 278 — 310. 
 
 Within your souls, and these my words 
 
 imprint : 
 What [fates] to Phoebus the almighty sire, 
 Phoebus Apollo hath to me foretold ; 360 
 To you do I, of Furies eldest, [these] 
 Disclose. Italia in, your course ye seek, 
 And, — winds invoked, — Italia shall ye 
 
 reach, 
 And it will be allowed to enter port ; 
 But ne'er shall ye the granted city gird 
 With walls, till fearful hunger, and the 
 
 wrong 
 Of our blood-shedding force you with your 
 
 jaws 
 Your tables to demolish, gnawed around.' 
 She said. And to the forest, on her wings 
 Upborne, flew back. But in my mates, 
 
 ice-cold 370 
 
 With sudden horror, did the blood congeal : 
 Their spirits fell ; nor further now with 
 
 arms. 
 But vows and orisons, they beg me sue 
 For peace ; or whether goddesses they be, 
 Or fate-announcing and ill-boding birds. 
 My sire Anchises, too, with hands out- 
 stretched 
 From shore, the great divinities invokes, 
 And sacrifices due appoints : ' Ye gods, 
 Their threat'nings bid avaunt ! gods, turn 
 
 aside 
 The like disaster, and, propitious, save 380 
 The holy.' Then the cable from the shore 
 To wrench away, and sheets uncoiled to 
 
 slack. 
 He orders. Southern gales the canvas swell : 
 We scud along upon the yesting waves. 
 Where wind alike and pilot wooed a course. 
 Now looms amid the billow, rife in woods, 
 Zacynthus, and Dulichium, Same too. 
 And Neritos, sublime with crags. We shun 
 The rocks of Ithaca, Laertes' realms. 
 And ban the fell Ulysses' foster-land. 390 
 Soon, too, the Mount Leucata's stormy 
 
 crests. 
 And, feared by mariners, is opened out 
 Apollo. Him we weary seek, and reach 
 The humble town. The anchor from the bow 
 Is cast ; the sterns are resting on the shore. 
 
 37 
 
 The pith of oracles 
 Is to be then digested, when th' events 
 
 Expound their truth, not brought as soon to light 
 As uttered : Truth is child of Time." 
 
 Ford, The Broken Heart, iv. 3. 
 373. " For the dearth. 
 
 The gods, not the patricians, make it ; and 
 Your knees to them, not arms, must help." 
 
 Shakespeare, Coriolanus, i. i. 
 390. " Ban'd be those cosening arts that wrought 
 our woe. 
 Making us wandering pilgrims to and fro." 
 Anonymous, The Returne/rom Fernassus, ii, i. 
 
 " Thus having gained at last a land un- 
 hoped. 
 We both perform the cleansing rites to 
 
 Jove, 
 And light the altars up for vows, and fame 
 The shores of Actium with the sports of 
 
 Troy. 
 My stript companions with the streaming 
 
 oil 400 
 
 Practise their native wrestlings. Joy it is 
 To have escaped so many Argive towns. 
 And through the midst of foes maintained 
 
 a flight. 
 Meanwhile around the mighty year the sun 
 Is wheeled, and icy winter frets the waves 
 With northern blasts. A shield of hollow 
 
 bronze. 
 Great Abas' load, upon the fronting posts 
 I fix, and mark the action with the verse : 
 ' These arms ^neas from the victor 
 
 Greeks.' 409 
 
 I bid them then to quit the port, and take 
 Their seats upon the thwarts. In rivalry 
 The crews lash ocean, and the waters sweep. 
 Straight put we out of sight the skyey peaks 
 Of the Phseaces, and Epirus' shores 
 We coast, and enter the Chaonian port, 
 And the tall city of Buthrotus reach. 
 
 •' Here, past belief, a rumor of events 
 Lays hold upon our ears : — that Helenus, 
 The son of Priam, rules thro' Grecian towns, 
 He having gained the spouse and sceptral 
 
 sway 420 
 
 Of Pyrrhus, sprung from ^■Eacus's strain ; 
 And that Andromache had now once more 
 Passed to a husband of her native land. 
 I was astounded, and my bosom burned 
 With strange desire the hero to accost, 
 And ascertain events of such concern. 
 From port I sally, quitting ships and shores : 
 When yearly feasts, by chance, and gifts of 
 
 woe. 
 Before the city in a grove, fast by 
 The billow of pretended Simois, 430 
 
 Andromache was pouring to his ash [es] 
 Libations, and was calling on the Shades 
 At Hector's tomb, which of the em'rald 
 
 turf, — 
 An empty [tomb], — a pair of altars, too, 
 A fountain-head for tears, she'd sanctified. 
 When she descried me coming, and around 
 The Trojan weapons in distraction saw. 
 Scared by the mighty wonders, stiff" she 
 
 grew 
 Amid the sight ; the heat her bones for- 
 sook ; 
 She falls ; and after a protracted time 440 
 Scarce speaks at last ; 'Dost thou, a real 
 
 shape, 
 
V. 3IO— 337. 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 V. 337—365. 
 
 135 
 
 A real messenger, present thyself 
 To me, O goddess-l)orn ? Art thou alive ? 
 Or if from thee boon light hath fled away, 
 Where is my Hector ?' [Thus] she spake, 
 
 and tears 
 Outpoured, and every spot with shrieking 
 
 filled. 
 Scarce few [replies] to her, [in] frantic 
 
 [mood]. 
 Do I throw in, and troubled, with stray 
 
 words 
 Ope wide [my lips] : * Alive I am indeed. 
 And life thro' all extremities prolong. 450 
 Doubt not : for thou realities dost see. 
 Alas ! what chance succeeds to thee, de- 
 throned 
 From such a noble spouse ? Or fortune what 
 Again doth visit, meet enough for thee ? 
 Dost thou, Andromache of Hector, guard 
 The wedded bonds of Pyrrhus?' Down 
 
 she cast 
 Her visage, and with lowered voice she 
 
 spake : 
 • O singularly blest before all else, 
 The Priamean maid, at foeman's tomb, 
 'Neath Troja's stately walls decreed to die, 
 AVho bore not any castings of the lot, 461 
 Nor, pris'ner, touched a conqu'ring mas- 
 ter's bed ! 
 We, — country burnt, — o'er severed waters 
 
 borne, 
 The arrogance of th' Achillean brood, 
 And [that] disdainful youth, in slavery 
 A mother proving, have endured : who then, 
 Pursuing Leda-sprung Hermione, 
 And Spartan nuptials, me, his handmaid, 
 
 e'en 
 To Helenus his lacquey handed o'er 
 To be possessed. But him, by mighty love 
 Of his betrothed, reft from him, set afire, 
 And hounded by the Furies of his crimes, 
 Orestes intercepts when off his guard, 473 
 And butchers at the altars of his sire. 
 At Neoptolemus' decease, a share 
 Of his dominions, ceded to him, fell 
 To Helenus ; who, by their name, the plains 
 "Chaonian," and "Chaonia" all [the land] 
 From Trojan Chaon called ; and Pergamus, 
 And this his Ilian castle on the heights 480 
 Erected. But to thee what winds, what 
 fates. 
 
 «^, 
 
 " Hector is gone ! 
 ho shall tell Priam so, or Hecuba ? 
 Let him, that will a screech-owl aye be call'd, 
 Go into Troy, and say there — Hector's dead : 
 There is a word will Priam turn to stone ; 
 Make wells and Niobes of the maids and wives, 
 Cold statues of the youth ; and in a word, 
 Scare Troy out of itself." 
 
 Shakespeare, Troilus and Cress iJa, v. ii. 
 
 Thy course have deigned ? Or pray what 
 
 god hath driven 
 Thee, wareless, to these coasts of ours? 
 
 How [fares] 
 The boy Ascanius ? Does he [still] survive, 
 And feed upon the air? Whom hath to thee. 
 
 Now Troy . Yet in the boy 
 
 Dwells any feeling for a mother lost ? 
 Say whether to the gallantry of old. 
 And manly courage, do alike his sire 
 .(^neas, and his uncle Hector rouse him up?* 
 Such poured she forth in tears, and weep- 
 ings long 491 
 In vain awaked : when, [issued] from the 
 
 walls. 
 The hero-son of Priam, Helenus, 
 With numbers in his train, presents himself. 
 And recognises his own [friends], and blithe 
 Conducts us towards the palace, and his 
 
 tears 
 Between his every word profusely sheds. 
 I move me forward, and a petty Troy, 
 And, made to ape the great, a Pergamus, 
 And thirsty brook with Xanthus' name, 
 
 perceive, 500 
 
 And clasp the portals of a Scoean gate. 
 And none the less do Teucer's sons with me 
 Enjoy the friendly city. These the king 
 Within the wide piazzas entertained : 
 Amid the hall they tasted Bacchus' cups, — 
 With viands dished on gold, — and platters 
 
 held. 
 •* And now a day, and second day, passed 
 
 by, 
 
 And breezes court the sails, the canvas, too. 
 Is puffed by swelling Auster : — in these 
 
 words 
 Do I accost the prophet, and prefer 510 
 The like requests : * O thou, of Troja bom, 
 Interpreter of gods, who dost the will 
 Of Phoebus, who the tripods, Clarius' bays. 
 Who constellations dost perceive, and 
 
 tongues 
 Of birds, and omens of the flighty wing, 
 Come tell ; (for all my voyage hath to me 
 Religion fav'ring told, and, one and all. 
 The gods have urged me by their will to seek 
 Italia, and essay sequestered lands : 
 A strange portent, and fearful to be told, 
 
 509. " We owe this happiness 
 
 To you, fair princess, for whose safer passage 
 The breath of heaven did gently swell our sails. 
 The waves were proud to bear so rich a lading, 
 And danced to the music of the winds." 
 
 Shirley, The Voung Admirai, ii. a. 
 
 520. " Thus like the sad presaging raven, that tolls 
 The sick man's passport in her hollow beak. 
 And in the shadow of the silent night 
 Doth shake contagion from her sable wines." 
 Marlowe, T/u Jew of Malta, i. 
 
126 
 
 V. 365—399. 
 
 THE JENEID. 
 
 V. 399— 42T. 
 
 Harpy Celaeno chants alone, and threats 
 Disastrous anger and a famine foul ;) 522 
 What the chief dangers I am to avoid ; 
 Or, what pursuing, can I overcome 
 Distresses so intense ?' Here Helenus, — 
 Steers slaughtered first in wonted form, — 
 
 entreats 
 With earnestness the favor of the gods. 
 And slacks the fillets of his hallowed head, 
 And me, O Phoebus, to thy thresholds he 
 Himself conducted by the hand, o'erawed 
 At thy abundant presence, and these 
 
 [strains] 531 
 
 Then chants the priest from out his heav'nly 
 
 lips : 
 ** * O goddess-born (for that thou dost 
 
 proceed 
 With higher auspices throughout the deep. 
 Clear my conviction : thus the king of gods 
 The destinies allots, and rolls along 
 Thy fortunes ; such the cycle that is wheeled:) 
 A few to thee from many a response. 
 That thou may'st safer traverse kindly seas, 
 And be enabled in Ausonia's port 540 
 
 To settle down, will I unfold ; for Fates 
 Bar Helenus the knowledge of the rest, 
 Saturnian Juno, too, forbids to speak. 
 First, Italy, which now thou deemest nigh, 
 Its ports, too, as at hand, O unaware, 
 To enter dost prepare, a distant route, 
 Unpathed, divides afar by distant lands. 
 First, e'en upon Sicilia's wave thy oar 
 Must needs be bent, and traversed in thy 
 
 ships 
 The surface of Ausonia's briny main, 550 
 And hellish lakes, and ^an Circe's isle, 
 Ere thou canst rest thy city in a land 
 Secure. To thee the tokens will I name ; 
 Do thoa preserve them treasured in thy 
 
 mind. 
 What time by thee, [all] anxious, at the 
 
 wave 
 Of a sequestered river, found beneath 
 The holms upon its bank, a monstrous sow, 
 That has produced a brood of thirty young. 
 Shall lie, white, on the ground reclining, 
 
 white 559 
 
 Around her dugs the litter ; — that shall be 
 Thy city's site ; that, rest assured from toils. 
 Nor do thou fear the future meal of boards : 
 The Weirds will find a way, and, when 
 
 invoked, 
 Apollo will be with you. But these lands, 
 And border this of [yon] Italian shore. 
 Which, next thee, by our ocean's tide is 
 
 drenched. 
 Avoid thou : one and all, by felon Greeks 
 Tlie towns are peopled. Likewise Here 
 
 their walls 
 
 The Locri of Narycium have upreared. 
 And plains of Sallentines with soldiery 570 
 Lyctian Idomeneus beset. Here [stands] 
 That small Petelia, leaning on the wall 
 Of Philoctetes, Meliboean chief. 
 Yea, too, when wafted on across the seas, 
 Thy barks shall have reposed, and now thy 
 
 vows. 
 With altars reared, on shore shalt thou 
 
 discharge. 
 Be kerchiefed o'er thy tresses, muffled up 
 In crimson hood ; lest any adverse sight, 
 'Mid holy fires in homage to the gods. 
 Meet thee, and trouble the portents. This 
 
 form 580 
 
 Of sacrifices let thy comrades, this 
 Thyself maintain ; in this religious rite 
 Let thy devout posterity abide. 
 But when set forward [on thy course] the 
 
 wind 
 Shall thee have wafted to Sicilia's coast. 
 And strait Pelorus' narrows shall begin 
 To ope apart, the land upon thy left. 
 And left-side seas by doubling long be 
 
 sought ; 
 The shore upon the right hand, and its 
 
 waves, 
 Avoid. These spots, erst shattered by a 
 
 shock, ' 590 
 
 And wreck enormous, — suchamightychange 
 Can long antiquity of age effect, — 
 Asunder sprang do they report, what time 
 Both lands uninterruptedly were one : 
 Into the midst with fury flushed the deep, 
 And rifted with its waves Hesperia's side 
 From Sic'ly's, and between the fields and 
 
 towns. 
 Dissevered by a shore, with narrow tide 
 It flushes. Scylla doth the side upon the 
 
 right. 
 The left Charybdis unappeased blockades, 
 And with its pit's profoundest whirl thrice 
 
 sucks 601 
 
 575. More literally : " stood still." 
 
 599. Spenser gives a grand description of his 
 
 parallels to Scylla and Charybdis, the " Gulfe of 
 
 Greedinesse," and "Rock, of Reproch ;" Faerie 
 
 Queene, ii. 12, 3-9 : 
 
 " On th' other syde an hideous Rock is pight 
 Of mightie magnes stone, whose craggie clift 
 Depending from on high, dread full to sight. 
 Over the waves his rugged armes doth lift, 
 And threateneth downe to throw his ragged rift : 
 On whoso Cometh nigh ; yet nigh it drawes 
 All passengers, that none from it can shift : 
 For, whiles they fly that Gulfe's devouring iawes 
 
 They on the rock are rent, and sunck in helpless 
 wawes. . . . 
 
 " They, passing by, that grisely mouth did see 
 Sucking the seas into his entralles deepe. 
 That seemd more horrible than hell to bee. 
 Or that darke dreadful] hole of Tartare steepe." 
 
V. ^23 — 446. 
 
 BOO/C ///. 
 
 r. 446— 47t. 
 
 "7 
 
 The mountain billows into the abyss ; 
 Again, too, in succession shoots them up 
 Beneath the air, and lashes with the surge 
 The constellations. But in darksome 
 
 shrouds 
 A cave incloses Scylla, stretching out 
 Her jaws, and trailing ships upon the rocks. 
 Above, — her figure, that of human kind, 
 A damsel e'en, with beauteous bosom far 
 As to the groin ; below, — of monster frame 
 A Pistrix, with the tails of dolphins linked 
 To womb of wolves. It meeter is for thee 
 Thro'out Trinacrian Pachynus' bounds 613 
 To coast, a loiterer, and tedious routes 
 To wheel around, than once to have 
 
 descried 
 The hideous Scylla in her monstrous cave, 
 And cliffs that thunder with the dingy dogs. 
 Moreo'er, if any skill in Helenus 
 There dwell, if any credit in the seer, 
 If with the true Apollo stores his mind, 
 This single [warning], goddess-born, to 
 thee 621 
 
 E'en before all, this single [warning] I 
 Will pre-declare, and re-announcing [this], 
 Again, and o'er again, will thee advise : 
 Great Juno's deity in chief with prayer 
 Adore ; to J uno freely chant thy vows, 
 And overcome with gifts of humble suit 
 The puissant mistress : thus shalt thou at 
 
 last, 
 In triumph, with Trinacria left astern, • 
 Upon the bourns of Italy be launched. 
 When, hither wafted, thou shalt have 
 attained 630 
 
 The Cuman city, and the sacred lakes. 
 And [depths] Avernian, booming with 
 
 their woods, 
 Tlie madding prophetess shalt thou behold ; 
 Who in her deepest [seat of] rock the fates 
 Chants forth, and trusts to leaves her marks 
 
 and words. 
 Whatever verses on the leaves the maid 
 Hatii scored, she ranges into rhythmic form, 
 
 616. Grander than Virgil is Milton's imitation of 
 him in the description of Sin ; P. L., b. ii. : 
 
 " Before the gates there sat 
 On either side a formidable shape ; 
 The one seem'd woman to the waist, and fair ; 
 But ended foul in many a scaly fold, 
 Voluminous and vast ; a serpent armed 
 With mortal sting : about her middle round 
 A cry of Hellhounds never ceasing bark'd 
 With wide Cerberian mouths full loud, and rung 
 A hideous peal ; yet, when they list, would creep, 
 If aught disturb 'd their noise, mto her womb, 
 And kennel there; yet there still bark'd and 
 
 howl'd 
 Within, unseen." 
 
 633. 
 
 Poetic fury, and historic storms." 
 
 Ben Jonson, The F<kc, iv. x. 
 
 And quits them, cloistered up within the 
 
 Abide they in their places undisturbed, 
 Nor from their rank depart. But [these] 
 the same, 640 
 
 What time, upon the turning of the hinge, 
 A gentle breeze hath driven, and the gate 
 Deranged the tender leaflets, ne'er thence* 
 
 forth 
 To catch them flutt'ring through the vaulted 
 
 rock. 
 Nor to recall their postures, or unite 
 The verses, does she care : without advice 
 [Men] pass away, and loathe the Sibyl's 
 
 seat. 
 Here be not any waste of time to thee 
 Of such concern, — though mates upbraid, 
 
 and loud 
 The voyage summon to the deep the sails, 
 And their propitious bosoms thou canst 
 fill,— 651 
 
 That thou should'st not the prophetess 
 
 approach. 
 And with thy prayers entreat that she her- 
 self 
 May chant the heav'nly answers, and un- 
 lock 
 Her voice and lips with favor. She to 
 
 thee 
 Italia's tribes, and battles doomed to come, 
 And by what means thou mayest every 
 
 toil 
 Or shun, or suffer, will unfold, and grant. 
 When worshipped, a successful course. 
 
 These [truths] 
 Be they, whereof it is by voice of ours 660 
 Permitted thee to be advised. Up ! quick ! 
 And, great by thine exploits, raise Troy to 
 heaven.' 
 •* Which when the prophet thus with 
 friendly lip 
 Spake forth, gifts thereupon, of weight 
 
 with gold 
 And the veneer of iv'ry, to the ships 
 He bids be borne j and packs within their 
 
 holds 
 A mass of plate, and basins of Dodone, 
 A coat of armor interlinked with rings. 
 And wrought with gold in triplet, and the 
 
 cone 
 And waving plumes of helm distinguished, 
 arms 670 
 
 Of Neoptolemus. There likewise be 
 His presents for my father. Steeds he 
 
 adds. 
 And adds he guides ; a rower-train sup- 
 plies ; 
 My mates the same time furnishes with 
 ornis. 
 
128 
 
 V. 472—493- 
 
 THE JENEID. 
 
 V. 493—520. 
 
 ** Meanwhile the navy to equip with sails 
 Anchises gave command, that no delay- 
 Might be presented to a leading wind. 
 Whom Phoebus' seer with deep respect 
 accosts : 
 
 * Anchises, honored with the haught em- 
 
 brace 
 Of Venus ! O solicitude of gods ! 680 
 
 Twice rescued from the wrecks of Per- 
 
 gamus, 
 Behold ! Ausonia's land before thee [lies] : 
 This seize thou by thy sails. And yet past 
 
 this 
 There's need for thee to glide along the 
 
 deep. 
 That region of Ausonia is afar, 
 Which opes to thee Apollo. Go,' saith he, 
 
 * O blest in the devotion of thy son. 
 Why further am I carried on, and stay 
 
 By talk the rising southern gales ?' Nor 
 
 less 
 Andromache, at latest parting sad, 690 
 Brings robes embroidered with a thread of 
 
 gold, 
 And Phrygian mantle for Ascanius ; 
 Nor of the compliment comes short ; and 
 
 loads 
 [The youth] with woven gifts, and such 
 
 she speaks : 
 ' Accept these also, which to thee may 
 
 stand 
 Memorials of my hands, my boy, and prove 
 The long affection of Andromache, 
 The spouse of Hector. Take thy [friends'] 
 
 last gifts, 
 O thou, to me the only picture left 
 Of my Astyanax ! Thus eyes, thus hands, 
 Thus he his lips was wont to move ; and 
 
 now 701 
 
 In equal age along with thee would he 
 Be rip'ning into man.' On parting I, with 
 
 tears 
 Upstarting, these addressed : * Live happy 
 
 ye, 
 
 675. " Lay her before the wind ! Up with her 
 canvas. 
 
 And let her work ! The wind begins to whistle : 
 
 Clap all her streamers on, and let her dance, 
 
 As if she were the minion of the ocean ! 
 
 Let her bestride the billows till they roar. 
 
 And curl their wanton heads !" 
 
 J. Fletcher, The Double Marriage, ii. i. 
 
 677. It is plain, from verse 481, that the wind was 
 a " leading " one. 
 
 693. Or : " Nor of his dignity." 
 
 703. Classical heroes seem greatly addicted to 
 tears, forgetting that a watery grief is scarce as 
 deep as a dry : 
 " Think not the worse, my friends, I shed not tears : 
 
 Great griefs lament within." 
 
 J. Fletcher, Valentinian, iv. 4. 
 
 Whose fortune is accomplished, now their 
 
 own : 
 From one fate to another we are called. 
 For you is rest secured : no ocean-plain 
 Must needs be ploughed, nor have Ausonia's 
 
 fields 
 Retreating ever backward, to be sought. 
 The likeness of the Xanthus, and a Troy 
 Ye see, which your own hands have shaped, 
 
 beneath 711 
 
 More happy auspices, I pray to heaven ! 
 And which may prove less open to the 
 
 Greeks, 
 If ever Tiber, and the neighb'ring fields 
 Of Tiber, I shall enter, and the walls, 
 That are vouchsafed my nation, I shall view, 
 Our kindred cities in the days to come. 
 And neighbor peoples, — in Epirus [you], 
 [We] in Hesperia, — who have Dardanus 
 The selfsame founder, and the selfsame 
 
 fates, 720 
 
 Both Troys will render in affection one : 
 Let this concern our children's children 
 
 wait.' 
 "We're wafted forth along the deep, 
 
 hard by 
 The neighb'ring heights Ceraunian, whence 
 
 there [lies] 
 The path to Italy, and the shortest route 
 Across the waves. The sun swoops down 
 
 meanwhile. 
 And darkling mounts are shaded o'er. 
 
 We're stretched 
 Upon the bosom of a wished-for land. 
 Fast by the billow, having lotted oars. 
 And all around, along the droughty beach, 
 Our frames we tend : sleep dews our jaded 
 
 limbs. 731 
 
 Nor yet upon her central circle Night, 
 Chased onward by the Hours, advanced : — 
 
 not slow 
 Uprises Palinurus from his couch. 
 And searches all the winds, and in his ears 
 The breeze he catches ; all the stars he 
 
 marks. 
 As on they glide across the silent heaven, — 
 Arcturus, and the rainy Hyades, '^■ 
 
 And twin Triones ; and he scans around 
 Orion armed with gold. What time he sees 
 That all lies settled in the calmy sky, 741 
 He gives a brilliant signal from the stern : 
 We strike th' encampment, and essay our 
 
 route. 
 
 731. " Gallants, the night growes old, and downy 
 sleep 
 Courts us to entertain his company ; 
 Our tyred limbes, brused in the morning fight, 
 Intreat soft rest, and gentle husht repose." 
 
 Marston, Antonio and Mellida, P. i. 2. 
 
V. 520--544- 
 
 BOOK in. 
 
 y. 544—566. 
 
 139 
 
 And spread the pinions of the sails. And 
 
 now 
 Aurore was blushing, with the stars chased 
 
 off, 
 When far away we see the glooming hills, 
 And lowly Italy. * Italia !' first 
 Achates shouts aloud ; Italia hail 
 My comrades with a blithe hurrah ! Then 
 
 sire 
 Anchises with a coronal bedecks 75° 
 
 A mighty wassail-bowl, and brimmed it up 
 With taintless wine, and called upon the 
 
 gods, 
 While standing on the lofty stem : ' Ye 
 
 gods, 
 Of sea, and land, and storms the rulers, 
 
 lend 
 A ready voyage by the wind, and breathe 
 Propitious.' Gin to swell the wished-for 
 
 gales, 
 And opens out the haven, closer now. 
 And looms Minerva's fane upon the height. 
 The crews furl sails, and veer the prows to 
 
 shore. 
 The haven by the billow from the East 
 Is bent into an arch ; the jutting cliffs 761 
 Are foaming with the briny spray. Itself 
 Lies hid ; launch out their arms witli 
 
 double pier 
 Rocks tower-shaped, and from the strand 
 
 withdraws the fane. 
 Four horses here upon the grass, the first 
 Portent, perceived I browsing on the 
 
 plain 
 At large, of snowy whiteness. And my sire 
 Anchises : * War it is, O foreign land. 
 Thou dost forebode ! for war are horses 
 
 armed ; 769 
 
 War threat these beasts. But still at times 
 The selfsame quadrupeds are wont to pass 
 Beneath the chariot, and harmonious reins 
 To suffer in the yoke : hope e'en of peace,' 
 He cries. We then entreat the holy powers 
 Of Pallas, thund'ring in her armor, who 
 
 745. " Light, the fair grandchild to the glorious sun. 
 Opening the casements of the rosy morn, 
 Makes the abashed heavens soon to shun 
 The ugly darkness it embraced before. 
 And at his first appearance puts to flight 
 The utmost relics of the hell-born night." 
 
 Brewer, Lingua, iii. 6. 
 
 756. " The waves were proud to entertain our 
 navy; 
 The fish in amorous courtship danced about 
 Qur ship, and no rude gale from any coast 
 Was sent to hang upon our linen wings. 
 To interrupt our wishes ; not a star 
 Mufiled his brightness in a sullen cloud 
 Till we arrived." 
 
 Shirley, The Voting Admiral, ii. 2. 
 
 758. Or: "shews." 
 
 First welcomed xis rejoiced, and o'er our 
 
 heads, 
 Before the altars, we with Phrygian hood 
 Are muffled ; and by rules of Helenus, 
 Which he had granted as of chief concern. 
 We duly to the Argive Juno burn 780 
 
 The ordered sacrifices. No delay : 
 Straight, — vows completed in due form, — 
 
 the arms 
 Of the sail-mantled yards we [sea-] ward 
 
 veer, 
 And quit the homesteads of the sons of 
 
 Greeks, 
 And their mistrusted fields. Therefrom 
 
 the bay 
 Of the Herculean — (if repwrt be true), — 
 Tarentum is descried. Uplifts her [form] 
 Lacinium's goddess in the front, and heights 
 Of Caulon, and shipwrecking Scyllace. 789 
 Then far, [uprisingl from the surge is kenned 
 Trinacrian yEtna, and the thund'ring growl 
 Of ocean, and the stricken rocks we hear 
 Far off, and broken noises at the shores ; 
 And deeps leap up, and with the tide the 
 
 sands 
 Are mingled. And my sire Anchises : 
 
 * Sooth 
 This that Charybdis ; Helenus these cliffs. 
 These rocks of terror chanted. Rescue us, 
 
 O crews ! 
 And rise in even measure to your oars.' 
 No less than as enjoined do tliey : and first 
 His creaking prow did Palinurus veer 800 
 To the left waves ; the left with oars and 
 
 winds 
 The squadron in a body sought. To heaven 
 Are we uplifted on the arched gulf. 
 And we the same, — the billow drawn 
 
 away, — 
 Pass downward to the lowest Shades. 
 
 Three times 
 The cliffs gave thunder 'mid the hollow 
 
 rocks. 
 
 803-g. " If after every tempest come such calms. 
 May the winds blow till they have wakened 
 
 death ; 
 And let the labouring bark climb hills of seas, 
 Olympus-high, and duck again as low 
 As hell's from heaven !" 
 
 Shakespeare, Othello, ii. i. 
 804. " What sands, what shelves, what rocks do 
 threaten her ; 
 The forces and the natures of all winds, 
 Gusts, storms, and tempests ; when her keel 
 
 ploughs hell, 
 And deck knocks heaven : — then to manage her. 
 Becomes the name and office of a pilot." 
 
 Ben Jonson, CatHine, iii. 1. 
 806. " For do but stand upon the foaming shore, 
 The chiding billow seems to pelt the clouds ; 
 The wind-snak'd surge, with high and monstrous 
 main, 
 
 K 
 
I30 
 
 V. 567—590. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 591 — 615. 
 
 Three times the spray, dashed up, and 
 
 dewy stars 
 "We saw. Meanwhile the wind hath with 
 
 the sun 
 The weary left ; and wareless of the path, 
 We towards the shores of Cyclops drift 
 
 along. 810 
 
 *' The port [lies] stirless from approach of 
 
 winds, 
 And spacious in itself ; but ^tna near 
 With awful wrack is thund'ring, and at 
 
 times 
 Flings forth a cloud of blackness to the sky, 
 In smoke with pitchy whirl and glowing 
 
 ash, 
 And shoots up balls of flames, and licks 
 
 the stars. 
 At times the rocks and rifted bowels of the 
 
 mount 
 It, belching, spouts aloft, and molten stones 
 Beneath the heav'ns with rumbling rolls 
 
 around. 
 And from the bottom of its bed seethes up. 
 There is a legend, that, by leven-flash 821 
 Half-burnt, the body of Enceladus 
 Is whelmed beneath this pile, and, o'er him 
 
 laid. 
 Huge i^tna blasts out flame from forges 
 
 burst ; 
 And, often as he shifts his weary side, 
 That all Trinacria with a growling quakes, 
 And overcasts the welkin with the smoke. 
 That night, in forests bowered, fell portents 
 We suffer, nor what cause creates the din 
 Perceive. For neither were there lights of 
 
 stars, 830 
 
 Nor sheeny in the stellar firmament 
 The heav'ns, but fogs thro'out the sullen sky. 
 And dismal night confined the moon in 
 
 cloud. 
 " And now the following day with infant 
 
 Dawn 
 Was rising, and Aurore from ,heaven had 
 
 chased ' 
 Dank shade ; when suddenly from out the 
 
 woods. 
 Wasted away by meagreness extreme, 
 
 , Seems to cast water on the burning bear, 
 And quench the guards of the ever-fixed pole : 
 I never did hke molestation view 
 On th' unchafed flood." 
 
 Shakespeare, Othello, ii. i. 
 812. Spenser briefly but finely alludes to .^tna, 
 /^. ^.,1.11.44: 
 
 " As burning yEtna from his boyling stew 
 Doth belch out flames, and rockes in peeces 
 
 broke. 
 And ragged ribs of mountaines molten new, 
 Enwrapt in coleblacke clowds and filthy smoke, 
 That al the land with stench, and heven with 
 horror, choke," 
 
 The novel figure of an unknown man, 
 And pitiable in its garb, comes forth. 
 And humbly to the shores outspreads its 
 
 hands. 840 
 
 We gaze upon him. Dread his filthiness. 
 His beard, too, wild, his wrapper tacked 
 
 with thorns : 
 But in the rest a Greek, and ere the while 
 To Troy in native armor sent. And he. 
 What time the Dardan dress, and arms 
 Of Troy, he spied afar, awhile stopped 
 
 short. 
 Affrighted by the sight, and stayed his step. 
 Anon he flung him headlong to the. shores, 
 With weeping and entreaties : ' By the stars 
 Do I conjure you, by the gods above, 850 
 And this life-giving light of heav'n, away, 
 O Teucri, take me ; to whatever lands 
 Transport me ; this will be enough. I 
 
 know 
 That I am one from out the Grecian ships, 
 And own that I the Ilian gods of home 
 In war assaulted : for the which, if be 
 So heinous the demerit of our crime, 
 Fling me in atoms on the waves, and 'neath 
 The mighty ocean plunge me ; if I die, 
 'Twill be a pleasure to have died by hands 
 Of men.' He said, and folding round our 
 
 knees, 861 
 
 And, writhing, to our ' knees he clinging 
 
 held. 
 Who he may be we counsel him to tell, 
 From what descent he may have sprang ; 
 
 thereon. 
 What fortune hunts him onward to avow. 
 My sire himself, Anchises, his right hand. 
 No great delays presenting, gives the youth, 
 And with the ready pledge his mind assures. 
 These speaks he, — terror laid aside at last : 
 ' I am from Ithaca, my native land, 8 70 
 The comrade of Ulysses evil-starred. 
 My name is Achemenides, to Troy, 
 My father Adaniastus being poor, 
 
 838. The account of Achemenides somewhat 
 
 resembles Spenser's description of " Despair ;" 
 
 F. Q., X. 9, 35 : 
 
 " His griesie lockes, long growen and unbound, 
 Disordred hong about his shoulders round, 
 And hid his face ; through which his hollow eyne 
 Lookt deadly dull, and stared as astound ; 
 His raw-bone cheekes, through penurie and pine, 
 
 Were shronke into his iawes, as he did never dine. 
 His garment, nought but many ragged clouts, 
 With thornes together pind and patched was v" &c. 
 
 846. " As children wading from some river's bank. 
 First try the water with their tender feet ; 
 Then, shudd'ring up with cold, step back again, 
 And straight a little further venture on, 
 Till at the last they plunge into the deep. 
 And pass at once what they were doubting long." 
 Dryden, The Maiden Queen, v, i. 
 
V. 6i5 — 640. 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 ▼. 641—660. 
 
 H' 
 
 (And would my fortune had remained !) set 
 
 forth. 
 Here me, while they in consternation quit 
 The barb'rous dwelling, my unthoughtful 
 
 mates ' 
 Abandoned in the Cyclop's monster den. 
 The home it is of gore and bloody feasts ; 
 Inside obscure, stupendous. He himself 
 Of giant height, and smites the lofty stars ; 
 (Gods, such a plague, O bid avaunt from 
 
 earth!) 881 
 
 Nor in his aspect bearable, nor meet 
 To be addressed by any one in speech. 
 Upon the entrails and the sable blood 
 Of hapless [wights] he feeds. I saw myself. 
 When from our number bodies twain, en- 
 grasped 
 Within his monstrous hand, amid the den 
 He, bending backward, smashed against a 
 
 rock. 
 And, spattered with the blood, the chamber 
 
 swam. 
 I saw, when, dripping with the jetty gore, 
 Their limbs he craunched, and, warm be- 
 neath his fangs, 891 
 Their joints they quivered. Neither un- 
 
 chastised, 
 In sooth ; nor did the like Ulysses brook, 
 [N] or was the Ithacan forgetful of himself 
 In such grave crisis. For the moment he, 
 Gorged with the cates, and buried in his 
 
 wine, 
 His bended neck laid down, and stretched 
 
 along 
 The cave, enormous, spewing up the gore. 
 And gobbets intermixed with bloody wine, 
 Throughout his slumber; — we, when we 
 
 had prayed 900 
 
 The mighty Pow'rs, and lotted [each] their 
 
 parts. 
 At once, on all sides, round are poured, 
 
 and drill 
 With sharpened tool the eye, the monster 
 
 [eye]. 
 Which skulked alone beneath a scowling 
 
 brow, 
 As Argive shield, or Phoebus' cresset huge ; 
 And blithesome at the last our comrades' 
 
 shades 
 Do we avenge. But fly, O wretched, fly, 
 And from the shore your cable burst away. 
 
 881. Or, perhaps more strongly : 
 " Gods, banish such a nuisance from the earth !" 
 
 899. If Virgil is somewhat coarse here, Spenser, 
 in his description of Errour, has no difficulty in 
 being still coarser ; Faerie Queene, i. i, 20: 
 * Therwith she spcwd out of her filthie maw 
 
 A floud of poyson horrible and blacke, 
 
 Full of great lumps of flesh, and gobbets raw." 
 
 For what in gui.se, and howsoever vast, 
 Doth Polypheme within his vaulted cave 
 Pen in his fleecy flocks, and squeeze their 
 teats, 911 
 
 A hundred other cursed Cyclops dwell 
 In every quarter by these winding shores, 
 And through the lofty mountains rove. 
 
 Third horns 
 Of Luna fill them now with light, 
 Since life in woods, among the lonely lairs 
 And haunts of savage creatures, do I drag. 
 And on the giant Cyclops from a cliff 
 I look abroad, and shudder at the din 
 Of feet and voice. An unnutritious food, — 
 Berries and stony cornels, — boughs purvey, 
 And grasses feed me with their roots up- 
 torn. 922 
 Surveying all around, this fleet I first 
 Spied coming to the shores. To this did I 
 Resign myself, whatever it might prove. 
 Enough to have escaped the cursed crew ; 
 Do ye the rather take away this life 
 By any death whate'er.' He scarcely these 
 Had said, when from the mountain-crest 
 
 himself 
 Perceive we, moving him among his flocks 
 With giant bulk, — the shepherd Poly- 
 pheme, — 931 
 And seeking the familiar shores : — a mon- 
 ster dread, 
 Misshapen, huge, whose eye is reft away. 
 A branchless pine within his hand controls. 
 And renders sure, his steps. His woolly 
 ewes 
 
 920. If the secondary meaning of itt/elicem, 
 verse 649, be preferred, "miserable" can be sub- 
 stituted for "unnutritious," or "wretched suste- 
 nance " for victum infelicein. 
 
 " Behold, the earth hath roots ; 
 Within this mile break forth a hundred springs: 
 The oaks bear mast, the briers scarlet hips ; 
 The bounteous housewife. Nature, on each bush 
 Lays her full mess before you." 
 
 Shakespeare, Timon of AtJiens, iv. 3. 
 
 931. " Behold the monster, Polypheme ; 
 See what ample strides he takes. 
 The mountain nods, the forest shakes ; 
 The waves run frighten'd to the shores : 
 Hark ! how the thundering giant roars." 
 
 Gay, Acts and Gala tea. 
 
 934. Grander is Milton, P. L., b. i. : 
 " His spear, to equal which the tallest pine 
 Hewn on Norwegian hills, to be the mast 
 Of some great ammiral, were but a wand, 
 He walk'd with." 
 
 Milton, however, may have borrowed the idea 
 from Cpwley, as Dr. Johnson remarks on the 
 passage in the third book of his DavitUis: 
 
 " His spear the trunk was of a lofiy tree, 
 Which Nature meant some ship's tall ma&t 
 should be." 
 
 K 2 
 
132 
 
 V. 660—686. 
 
 THE JENEID. 
 
 V. 686 — 71J. 
 
 Attend upon him ; — that the only joy 
 And comfort of his woe. Soon as he 
 
 touched 
 The deepsome billows, and the waters 
 
 reached, 
 The dripping gore of his uprooted eye 
 Therefrom he washes, gnashing with his 
 
 teeth 940 
 
 With groan [s] ; and now he stalks through 
 
 middle sea, 
 Nor yet the surge his tow'ring sides be- 
 dewed. 
 We far therefrom our flight in horror 
 
 haste, — 
 Our suitor welcomed thus thro' his desert, — 
 And silently the cable cut away ; 
 And, bending forward, sweep with rival oars 
 The waters. He perceived, and towards 
 
 the sound 
 Of voice his steps he veered. But when no 
 
 power 
 Is giv'n of reaching us with his right hand, 
 Nor is he able in pursuit to match 950 
 
 Ionian waves, a thund'ring yell he lifts, 
 Wherewith the deep and all its billows 
 
 quaked. 
 And inly startled was Italia's land. 
 And bellowed ^tna through his winding 
 
 vaults. 
 But from the forests and the lofty mounts 
 The Cyclops' brood, forth summoned, to 
 
 the ports 
 Come swooping downward, and the strands 
 
 they fill. 
 Descry we, vainly standing side by side, 
 Withi scowling eye-ball, ^Etna's brother- 
 train. 
 Porting to heav'n their tow'ring heads, — 
 
 a dire 960 
 
 Assembly : as when on some lofty crest 
 Sky-mounting oaks, or cone-rife cypresses. 
 Have stood in group, the stately wood of 
 
 Jove, 
 Or grove of Dian. Headlong drives us on 
 A keen alarm, for any point whate'er 
 T' uncoil the sheets, and spread the sails to 
 
 winds 
 Of favor. Warn them, on the other hand. 
 The orders [giv'n] of Helenus that they 
 'Twixt Scylla and Charybdis, — either route 
 With trifling odds of death, — hold not their 
 
 course. 970 
 
 936. " The day abhors me, and from me doth fly, 
 Night still me follows, yet too long doth stay ;" 
 
 " But what availeth either night or day? 
 All's one to me, still day, or ever night ; 
 My light is darkness, and my darkness light." 
 Drayton, First Legend. 
 
 946. Or : " vying." 
 
 Decreed it is that backward we direct 
 The canvas. But, behold ! the northern 
 
 gale. 
 From out Pelorus' narrow mansion sent, 
 Is present with us. I am wafted past 
 Pantagia's outlets in the living rock, 
 And Megaran bays, and Thapsus lying 
 
 [low]. 
 Such shores roamed over, coasting back 
 
 again, 
 [To us] did Achemenides reveal. 
 The comrade of Ulysses evil-staiTcd. 
 
 *' Outstretched before Sicania's bay, there 
 
 lies 980 
 
 An isle against Plemmyrium, rife in waves : 
 Its name the ancients have Ortygia called. 
 There is a legend, that Alpheus, stream 
 Of Elis, hither worked mysterious paths 
 Beneath the sea, who now, O Arethuse, 
 Is mingled with thy spring in Sic'ly's waves. 
 Enjoined, the sovereign powers of the spot 
 We worship ; and I thence sail by, — too 
 
 rich, — 
 The soil of stagnating Helorus. Hence 
 Pachynus' tow'ring cliffs, and jutting rocks 
 We graze ; and, granted never by the fates 
 To be disturbed, looms Camarine afar, 992 
 And the Geloan champaigns, Gela, too. 
 Called by the title of its felon flood. 
 Thence stately Acragas far off* displays 
 Colossal walls, of high-souled horses erst 
 The breeder. Thee, too, with accorded 
 
 gales 
 I leave, palm-rife Seline, and skirt the 
 
 shoals 
 Of Lilybeum, stern with viewless rocks. 
 Hence me the haven, and the joyless coast 
 Of Drepanum receive. Here, hunted on 
 By storms so many of the deep, alas ! 1002 
 My father, — [he,] of every care and chance 
 The anodyne, — Anchises do I lose. 
 Here me, best father, wearied, dost thou 
 
 leave ; 
 Ah ! vainly rescued from such grievous 
 
 risks. 
 Nor did the prophet Helenus, what time 
 He many a fearful warning gave, foretell 
 
 979. It is difficult to believe that Virgil ever 
 wrote verses 690, 691. However, as they are 
 received into the text, hifelicis must be translated 
 as in v. 613 ; that is, in the sense in which Ache- 
 menides used, and not as ^neas would use it. The 
 latter would have employed pellacis, or some other 
 uncomplimentary term, to raise anger rather than 
 pity. 
 
 983. So Milton, Arcades : 
 
 " Of famous Arcady ye are, and sprung 
 Of that renowned flood, so often sung, 
 Divine Alpheus, who by secret sluice 
 Stole under seas, to meet his Arethuse." 
 
V. 713—715. 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 V. 716—718. 
 
 133 
 
 These woes to me ; no, not Celaeno dread. 
 This was my last distress, this was the goal 
 Of longsome voyages. Departed hence, 
 A god hath borne me onward to your 
 coasts." 1012 
 
 Thus sire JEnesiS, — all on him attent, — 
 Alone recounted the decrees of gods, 
 And told his voyages. He hushed at last, 
 And here, — conclusion made, — he came 
 to rest. 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 But, smitten long erewhile by passion 
 
 sore. 
 The queen her wound is nursing in her 
 
 veins, 
 And she is wasted by a viewless fire. 
 The hero's lofty worth, and lofty pride 
 Of his descent, are ofttimes to her mind 
 Returning ; in her breast deep printed 
 
 cling 
 His features and his words ; nor doth unrest 
 Vouchsafe a peaceful slumber to her limbs. 
 The next Aurore with Phoebus' torch the 
 
 lands 
 Was scanning, and the moistful shade from 
 
 heaven 10 
 
 Had chased away, when, scarcely in her 
 
 mind, 
 She thus her sister, one with her in soul. 
 Accosts : ' * O Anna, sister [mine], what 
 
 dreams 
 Appal me, poised [in doubt]! How strange 
 The guest, [who] has at our abodes arrived ! 
 Of what a noble bearing in his mien ! 
 Of what a gallant heart and arms ! I deem 
 In sooth, (nor idle the belief,) that he 
 The offspring is of gods. Degen'rate souls 
 
 Line 4. If "multa," v. 3, must be rendered more 
 literally, a dull substitute for " lofty " is easily 
 found. 
 
 g. " The morrow next, so soon as Phoebus' lamp 
 Bewrayed had the world with early light. 
 And fresh Aurora had the shady damp 
 Out of the goodly heven amoved quight." 
 
 Spenser, Faerie Queene, iii. 10, 1. 
 
 See note on line 846. 
 
 12. " There's never man nor woman that e'er loved, 
 But chose some bosom friend, whose close converse 
 Sweetened their joys, and eased their burdened 
 
 minds 
 Of such a working secret." May, The Heir, ii. 
 19. " And live a coward in thine own esteem. 
 
 Letting ' I dare not' wait upon ' I would,* 
 
 Like the poor cat i' the adage." 
 
 The adage is : 
 " The cat loves fish, but dares not wet her feet." 
 See Payne Collier on Shakespeare, Macbeth, i. 7. 
 
 " A donative he hath of every god : 
 Apollo gave him lockes ; Jove his high front ; 
 The god of eloquence his flowing speech ; 
 The feminine deities strowcd all their bounties 
 
 Fear proves. Ah ! by what fates has he 
 
 been tossed ! 20 
 
 What battles, carried to their close, he 
 
 sang ! 
 If rested not within my mind [resolve]. 
 Firm and unshaken, not to wish to yoke 
 Myself to any in the marriage-bcmd. 
 Since my first love betrayed me, duped by 
 
 death ; 
 Had there been no disgust at bed and torch. 
 To this one weakness I could haply stoop. 
 O Anna, (for I will avow [the truth,] ) 
 Since the decease of my unhappy spouse, 
 Sychaeus, and that household gods with 
 
 blood, 30 
 
 [Spilt] by a brother, were besprent, this 
 
 man 
 Alone hath warped my feelings, and hath 
 
 forced 
 A falt'ring soul : I recognise the tracks 
 Of former passion. But I would to heaven, 
 That either deepest earth for me would first 
 Gape open, or that the almighty sire 
 Would hurl me with his leven to the shades. 
 The ghastly shades of Erebus, and night 
 
 And beautie on his face ; that eye was Juno's ; 
 
 Those lips were his that wonne the golden ball ; 
 
 That virgin-blush, Diana's : here they meete. 
 
 As in a sacred synod." 
 
 Marston, hisatiate Countesse, i. 
 ' ' Feare is my vassall ; when I frowne he flycs : 
 
 A hundred times in life a coward dies." lb., iv. 
 20. " She loved me for the dangers I had passed. 
 
 And 1 loved her that she did pity them." 
 
 Shakespeare, Othello, \. 3. 
 23. " Were she the abstract of her sex for form, 
 
 The only warehouse of perfection ; 
 
 Were there no rose nor lily but her cheek. 
 
 No music but her tongue, virtue but her's. 
 
 She must not rest near me. My vow is graven 
 
 Here in my heart, irrevocably breathed ; 
 
 And when I break it — " 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, The Knight 0/ Malta, 
 V. 2. 
 
 37. " You greater powers, guard mc from violence. 
 And from a wilful fall I'll keep myself: 
 High Jupiter, the venger of foul sin. 
 With angry thunder strike mc to the deepest. 
 And darkest shades of hell, when 1 consent 
 To soil my unstained faith." 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, The Faithful FriemtU, 
 
 ii. 2. 
 
154 
 
 V. 26—43. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 43—65. 
 
 Profound, before that thee, O Modesty, 
 I outrage, or thy laws I break. He, who 40 
 First linked me to himself, hath borne away 
 My loves : let him possess them in his heart, 
 And guard them in the grave." Thus 
 
 speaking forth, 
 She filled her bosom with her starting tears, 
 Anna replies : " O thou than light of day 
 More precious to thy sister, wilt thou all 
 
 alone 
 Be wasted mourning in a lasting youth ? 
 Nor darling sons, nor Venus' guerdons 
 
 know ? 
 That ash or buried Manes reck of this, 
 Dost thou imagine ? Be it, hitherto, 50 
 While sick at heai"t, no lovers thee have 
 
 swayed. 
 No, not in Libya, not erenow at Tyre ; — 
 larbas scorned, and other chieftains, whom 
 The Afric land, in triumphs rich, supports : 
 Wilt thou e'en fight against a welcome love? 
 Nor to thy mind occurs it, on whose fields 
 Thou'st settled ? This side, the Gsetulian 
 
 towns, 
 A horde that cannot be o'ercome in war, 
 Unreined Numidians, too, encircle thee, 
 And the inhospitable Syrt ; on that, 60 
 A country waste with drought, and far and 
 
 wide 
 Barcaeans raging. Wherefore name the wars 
 
 39. " 'Tis one thing to be tempted, Escalus, 
 Another thing to fall." 
 Shakespeare, Measttre for Measure, ii. i. 
 
 " She that has no temptation set before her. 
 
 Her virtue has no conquest: then would her 
 
 constancy 
 Shine in the brightest goodness of her glory. 
 If she would give admittance, see and be seen. 
 And yet resist and conquer : there were argument 
 For angels." 
 
 Middleton, Mare Dissemblers besides Women, 
 i. 2. 
 
 " Whiteness of name, thou must be mine." 
 
 J. Fletcher, Tke Elder Brother, iv. 3. 
 
 43. So Gray's Bard passionately expresses his 
 aftection for his murdered comrades : 
 " Dear lost companions of my tuneful art. 
 
 Dear as the light that visits these sad eyes. 
 
 Dear as the ruddy drops that warm my heart. 
 
 Ye died amidst your dying country's cries." 
 
 Shakespeare varies the image. Brutus says to 
 Portia : 
 
 " You are my true and honourable wife ; 
 As dear to me as are the ruddy drops 
 That visit my sad heart." 
 
 yulius C<Bsar, ii. i. 
 
 47. " I am but the shadow of myself without thee." 
 Shirley, The Politician, ii. i. 
 
 " Life without love is load ; and time stands still : 
 What we refuse to him, to death we give ; 
 And then, then only, when we love, we live." 
 Congreve, 7 he Mourning Bride, ii. end. 
 
 That spring from Tyrus, and a brother's 
 
 threats ? 
 In sooth I deem that, with the deities 
 Their guardians, Juno in their favor, too. 
 This course have Ilium's galleys by the 
 
 breeze 
 Held [hither]. What a city, sister, thou 
 Shalt this behold ! what kingdoms to arise 
 From such a union ! With the Trojans' 
 
 arms 
 [On ours] attending, with what grand ex- 
 ploits 70 
 Shall Carthaginian glory rear her [head] ! 
 Do thou but crave indulgence from the gods, 
 And, — off'rings of propitiation made, — 
 Free scope to hospitality accord. 
 And pleas for his detention net around. 
 While sorely on the ocean winter storms, 
 And water-rife Orion, and his ships 
 Are shattered ; while not practicable heaven," 
 By these her words she kindled up a soul 
 With passion fired, and to a wav'ring mind 
 Imparted hope, and disengaged reserve, 81 
 They in the first place to the shrines re- 
 pair. 
 And grace throughout the altars crave ; they 
 
 slay, 
 According to the custom chosen, ewes 
 Of two years old to law-enacting Ceres, 
 And Phoebus, and to the Lysean sire ; 
 'Bove all to Juno, whose concern are ties 
 Of marriage. Fairest Dido, e'en herself, 
 A saucer holding in her right hand, pours 
 Full in the centre of a heifer's horns, 90 
 Gloss-white ; or, 'fore the features of the 
 
 She paces by the altars rich, and day 
 Renews with gifts, and, poring with her 
 
 lips apart. 
 Within the opened bosoms of the beasts, 
 Their throbbing entrails she consults, Alas! 
 
 63. The strict meaning oi gemtani, v. 44, can 
 
 scarcely be intended here. 
 
 81. "I am lost. 
 
 Utterly lost ! My faith is gone for ever ! 
 My fame, my praise, my liberty, my peace. 
 Changed for a restless passion ! O hard spite, 
 To lose my seven years' victory at one sight !" 
 Middleton, More Dissemblers besides Women, 
 
 *■ ^' " O that I 
 
 Have reason to discern the better way. 
 And yet pursue the worse !" 
 
 Massinger, The Unnatural Combat, iv. i. 
 
 It had been better advice for Ahna to have said : 
 
 " Therefore I charge you. 
 As you have pity, stop those tender ears 
 From his enchanting voice ; close up those eyes. 
 That you may never catch a dart from him. 
 Nor he from you." 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, A King and no King, ii. 1. 
 
▼.''65—76. 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 V. 76—90. 
 
 '35 
 
 The soothsayers' unknowing minds ! What 
 
 boot 
 Her vows the raver ? What the shrines ? 
 
 Meanwhile 
 Upon her marrow preys the gentle flame, 
 And silent lives the wound beneath her 
 
 breast. 
 Unhappy Dido is consumed, and roams 100 
 Through the whole city, frantic : like a 
 
 hind, 
 By arrow pierced, which, heedless, hath 
 
 afar 
 Among the woods of Crete a shepherd shot, 
 While himting her with weapons, and hath 
 
 left 
 The wingy steel, unconscious ; she in flight 
 The forests and the lawns of Dicte scours : 
 The deadly shaft is clinging to her flank, 
 ^neas now she brings with her throughout 
 The central buildings, and Sidonian wealth 
 Exhibits, and a city to his hand ; 1 10 
 
 Begins to utter, and amid the word 
 
 loi. Dido was the reverse of Viola's sister, who 
 " Never told her love. 
 But let concealment, like a worm i' th' bud, 
 Feed on her damask cheek ; she pined in thought. 
 And, with a green and yellow melancholy. 
 She sat like patience on a monument. 
 Smiling at grief." 
 
 Shakespeare, Twelfth Night, ii. 4. 
 
 " She, sir, 
 That walks here up and down an empty shadow ; 
 One that for some few hours 
 But wanders here, carrying her own sad coffin. 
 Seeking some desert place to lodge her griefs in." 
 J. Fletcher, The Sea Voyage, iv. 2. 
 
 102. " Looke as a well-growne stately headed bucke. 
 But lately by the woodman's arrow strucke, 
 Runs gadding o'er the lawnes, or nimbly strayes 
 Among the combrous brakes a thousand wayes ; 
 Now through the high wood scowrs, then by the 
 
 brooks, 
 On every hill side, and each vale he lookes. 
 If 'mongst their store of simples may be found 
 An hearbe to draw and heale his smarting wound." 
 Browne, Brit. Past., ii. 4. 
 
 This simile may call to the reader's mind the 
 pathetic description of the wounded stag in As You 
 Like It, ii. i : 
 
 " To-day, my lord of Amiens, and myself. 
 Did steal behind him, as he lay along 
 Under an oak, whose antique root peeps out 
 Upon the brook that brawls along this wood : 
 To the which place a poor sequestered stag. 
 That from the hunters' aim had ta'en a hurt. 
 Did come to languish ; and, indeed, my lord. 
 The wretched animal heav'd forth such groans. 
 That their discharge did stretch his leathern coat 
 Almost to bursting ; and the big round tears 
 Cours'd one another down his innocent nose 
 In piteous chase ; and thus the hairy fool. 
 Much marked of the melancholy Jaques, 
 Stood on the extreinest verge of the swift brook, 
 Augmenting it with tears." 
 
 III. " How her heart beats I 
 
 Much like a partridge in a sparhawk's foot. 
 
 Stops short. Now looks she for the self- 
 same feasts, 
 As day is sinking, and to Ilium's toils 
 Once more to listen in her wildness craves, 
 And hangs once more upon the speaker's 
 
 lips. 
 Then, when they have withdrawn, and in 
 
 her turn 
 The darkling moon extinguishes her light, 
 And, as they sink, the stars are urging sleep, 
 She lonely in her empty palace mourns, 
 And on the couch, [which he hadj left, lies 
 
 down : 120 
 
 Him absent absent she both hears and sees. 
 Or in her lap Ascanius she, bewitched 
 By the resemblance of his father, stays, 
 If she could cheat unutterable love. 
 Uprise not tow'rs commenced ; their arms 
 
 the youth 
 Ply not, or havens, or defensive works. 
 In war secure, provide ; hang broken off 
 Their labors, and the walls' embattled 
 
 heights 
 Immense, and enginery made match for 
 
 heaven. 
 Whom soon as the beloved spouse of 
 
 Jove 130 
 
 That with a panting silence does lament 
 The fate she cannot fly from." 
 
 Massinger, The Unnatural Combat, v. i. 
 114, 15. " But all the while that he these speeches 
 
 spent, 
 Upon his lips hong faire Dame Hellenore 
 With vigilant regard and dew attent. 
 Fashioning worldes of fancies evermore 
 In her fraile witt, that now her quite forlore : 
 The whiles unwares away her wondring eye 
 And greedy eares her weake hart from her bore." 
 Spenser, Faerie Queetie, iii. 9, 51. 
 " Wherein I spoke of most disastrous chances. 
 Of moving accidents, by flood and field ; 
 Of hair-breadth scapes i' th' imminent deadly 
 
 breach ; 
 Of being taken by the insolent foe. 
 And sold to slavery ; of my redemption thence. 
 And portance in my travels' history ; — 
 Wherein of antres vast, and desarts idle. 
 Rough quarries, rocks, and hills whose head 
 touch'd heaven. 
 
 These things to hear 
 
 Would Desdemona seriously incline 
 
 She'd come again, and with a greedy ear 
 Devour up my discourse." 
 
 Shakespeare, Othello, i. 3. 
 iiQ. " Her chamber's but a coffin of a larger 
 Volume, wherein she walks so like a ghost, 
 'Twould make you pale to see her." 
 
 Shirley, The Cardinal, iv. 2. 
 " Strong is my love to thee ; for every moment 
 I'm from thy sight, the heart within my bosom 
 Mourns, like a tender infant in its cradle. 
 Whose nurse had left it." 
 
 Otway, yenice Preserved, iii. i. 
 126. " Alack ! when once our grace we have forgot. 
 Nothing goes right : we would, and we would not.' 
 Shakespeare, Measure /or Measure, iv. 4. 
 
36 
 
 V. 91 — Ti6. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. ii6 — 135. 
 
 Perceived to be enchained by such a plague, 
 Nor character to stand in passion's way, 
 Saturnia Venus in such words accosts : 
 *' Distinguished praise, in sooth, and splen- 
 did spoils 
 Ye carry off, both thou and [that] thy boy ! 
 Mighty and notable the pow'r divine. 
 If by the cunning of a pair of gods 
 One woman is subdued ! Nor doth it so 
 Escape my notice, that [these] walls of ours 
 Thou, dreading, hast suspected held the 
 
 domes 140 
 
 Of stately Carthage. But what limit shall 
 
 there be ? 
 Or to what end now struggles so severe ? 
 Why do we not the rather endless peace 
 And covenanted nuptial rites promote ? 
 Thou hast what thou hast sought with all 
 
 thy soul : 
 The loving Dido burns, and hath imbibed 
 The frenzy through her bones. Then, let 
 
 us rule 
 This nation jointly, and with equal sway ; 
 Be it allowed her, to a Phrygian spouse 
 To be a slave, and, as a dowry given, 150 
 The Tyrians to resign to thy right hand." 
 To her (for she perceived that she had 
 
 spoken 
 With feigned intent, in order that the realm 
 Of Italy she might to Libyan coasts 
 Divert,) thus Venus in reply began : 
 " Who madly would such [terms as these] 
 
 decline ? 
 Or liefer would with thee engage in war ? 
 If only fortune may attend the scheme, 
 Which thou announcest. But by fates am I 
 Borne onward, doubtful whether Jove may 
 
 will 160 
 
 That one should be the city for the men 
 Of Tyre, and for the refugees from Troy ; 
 Or would approve the nations being blent. 
 Or leagues cemented. Thou his consort 
 
 art : 
 Thine is the privilege to sound his mind 
 By prayer. Go forward ; I will follow," 
 
 Then 
 The royal Juno thus caught up [the word] : 
 "With me shall rest that task. Now by 
 
 what plan 
 What presseth on us can be brought to pass, 
 
 132. " No ! I must downward, downward ! Though 
 
 repentance 
 Could borrow all the glorious wings of grace, 
 My^ mountainous weight of sins would crack their 
 
 pinions. 
 And sink them to hell with me." 
 
 Massinger, The Renegade, iii. 2. 
 
 142. Or : " Or whither with a struggle so severe ?" 
 
 148. Or: "This a joint nation." 
 Or : " auspices." 
 
 In few, — attend! — I thee will teach. 
 
 yEneas, 170 
 
 And wdth him, Dido thrice-unblest, prepare 
 To go a hunting to the wood, what time 
 To-morrow's Titan shall have brought to 
 
 light 
 His infant dawn, and with his beams un- 
 veiled 
 The globe. On these will I a black'ning 
 
 shower 
 With blended hail, while flutter plumes, and 
 
 glades 
 They girdle with th' inclosure, from above 
 Outpour, and with my thunder will I wake 
 All heav'n. On every side the retinue 
 Shall fly amain, and in the gloom of night 
 Shall they be mantled. At the self-same 
 
 grot 181 
 
 Shall Dido and the Trojan prince arrive. 
 There I shall be, and, if I have thy sure 
 
 assent. 
 In lasting marriage will I her unite. 
 And consecrate her his for ever. Here 
 Shall Hymenseus be." Opposing not 
 Her suitress, Cytherea acquiesced. 
 And at the crafts that were devised she 
 
 smiled. 
 Meanwhile Aurora rising Ocean left. 
 Forth issues from the gates at beam of day, 
 Uprisen, chosen youth ; nets wide of mesh, 
 Toils, hunting lances with a breadth of steel, 
 And Massylaean horsemen sally forth, 193 
 And keenly-scented force of hounds. The 
 
 queen. 
 Delaying in her chamber, at the gates 
 The princes of the Tyrians wait, and, badged 
 With purple and with gold, her palfrey 
 
 stands, 
 
 188. " The gods assist just hearts ; and states, that 
 
 trust 
 Plots before Providence, are lost like dust." 
 
 Marston, Sophonisba, ii. i. 
 " A woman's tongue, I see, some time or other. 
 Will prove her traitor." 
 
 Ford, The Fancies, iv. i. 
 
 194. Prior seems to have had this passage in his 
 view while describing Abra in Solomon, b. ii. : 
 " Thy King, Jerusalem ! descends to wait 
 Till Abra comes. She comes ; a milk-white steed. 
 Mixture of Persia's and Arabia's breed. 
 Sustains the nymph : her garments flying loose, 
 (As the Sydonian maids or Thracian use) 
 And half her knee and half her breast appear. 
 By art, like negligence, disclosed, and bare : 
 Her left hand guides the hunting courser's flight, 
 A silver bow she carries in her right. 
 And from the golden quiver at her side 
 Rustles the ebon arrow's feather'd pride ; 
 Sapphires and diamonds on her front display 
 An artificial moon's increasing ray. 
 Diana, huntress, mistress of the groves. 
 The favourite Abra speaks, and looks, and 
 moves." 
 
V. 135 — i6o. 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 V. 161—170. 
 
 isr 
 
 And fiercely champs the foaming bits. At 
 
 last 
 Forth comes she, — thronging her a mighty 
 
 train, — 
 Invested in a Sidon hunting-cloak 200 
 
 With purfled edge. Her quiver is of gold ; 
 Her locks in knot are gathered into gold ; 
 A golden brooch her robe of crimson binds 
 Beneath, Moreo'er her Phrygian retinue 
 And gay lulus pace along. Himself, 
 yEneas, passing fair beyond the rest. 
 Moves on their comrade, and the trains 
 
 unites : 
 Like as, when Lycia in her wintry plight. 
 And Xanthus' rivulets, Apollo quits, 
 And Delos of his mother goes to view, 210 
 The dances, too, renews j and, mingled 
 
 round 
 The altars, Cretes alike, and Dryopes, 
 And painted Agathyrsi, shout amain ; 
 [The god] himself on brows of Cynthus 
 
 walks. 
 And with the velvet leaf his streaming hair 
 He presses, as he shapes it, and with gold 
 He braids ; his weapons on his shoulders 
 
 clang. 
 No tardier than he ^neas paced : 
 Such striking beauty from his peerless mien 
 Beams forth. As soon as at the lofty 
 
 mounts 220 
 
 And pathless lairs they are arrived, be- 
 hold ! 
 Wild she-goats, from a height of rock dis- 
 lodged, 
 Down scampered from the brows ; on th' 
 
 other side 
 The stags the open champaigns scour [full] 
 
 speedj 
 And dusted squadrons huddle in their flight. 
 And leave the mountains. But the boy 
 
 Ascanius 
 Amid the vallies in his mettled horse 
 Rejoices; and now these in race, now those, 
 Outstrips, and prays be granted to his vows 
 A foaming l)oar among the listless flocks. 
 Or tawny lion to descend the mount. 231 
 Meanwhile with uproar vast the heav'n 
 
 begins 
 
 217. Or : " upon his shoulders thunder arms." 
 
 224. "Alate we ran the deer, and through the 
 lawnds 
 Stripped with our nags the lofty frolic bucks, 
 That scudded 'fore the teasers like the wind." 
 Robert Green, Friar Bacon, opening lines. 
 
 227. " Out of brave horsemanship 
 
 Arise the first sparks of glowing resolution. 
 That raise the mind to noble action." 
 
 Webster, The Duchess of Malji, i. 2. 
 
 232. This passage may call to mind the Red 
 
 To be turmoiled. Ensues with mingled hail 
 A rain-storm ; and the retinue of Tyre 
 In every quarter, and the youth of Troy, 
 And Venus' Dardan grandson, through the 
 
 fields 
 Sought diff 'rent shelters in their fear. DoMm 
 
 swoop 
 The torrents from the mounts. The self- 
 same grot 
 Do Dido and the Trojan leader reach. 
 And Tellus first, and Juno, patroness 240 
 Of wedlock, give the signal : levens flashed, 
 And witness to the union was the sky. 
 And on the highest summit shrieked the 
 
 Nymphs. 
 That day first proved the source of death. 
 And first, of her misfortunes. Nor is she 
 By outward form [s] or reputation swayed, 
 
 Crosse Knight and Una in Spenser's Faerie Queene, 
 b. i. c. i. 6, 7 : 
 
 " Thus as they past. 
 The day with cloudes was suddeine overcast. 
 And angry love an hideous storme of raine 
 Did poure into his lemans lap so fast. 
 That everie wight to shrowd it did constrain ; 
 And this faire couple eke to shroud themselves were 
 fain. 
 
 " Enforst to seeke some covert nigh at hand, 
 A shadie grove not farr away they spide. 
 That promist ayde the tempest to withstand ; 
 Whose loftie trees, yclad with sommers pride. 
 Did spred so broad, that heavens light did hide. 
 Not perceable with power of any starr : 
 And all within were pathes and alleies wide. 
 With footing worne, and leading inward farr : 
 
 Faire harbour that them seems ; so in they entred 
 ar." 
 
 240. So Milton, Paradise Lost, b. ix. : 
 " Earth trembled from her entrails, as again 
 In pangs ; and Nature gave a second groan ; 
 Sky lour'd ; and, muttering thunder, some, sad 
 
 drops • ? 
 
 Wept at completing of the mortal sin." 
 
 How different the image of nuptial love before 
 the fall !— 
 
 " To the nuptial bower 
 I led her blushing like the morn : all Heaven, 
 And happy constellations, on that hour 
 Shed their selectest influence ; the Earth 
 Gave sign of gratulation, and each hill ; 
 Joyous the birds ; fresh gales and gentle airs 
 Whispered it to the woods, and from their wings 
 Flung rose, flung odours from the spicy shrub." 
 Milton, P. L., b. 8. 
 
 242. " Well, heaven forgive him, and forgive us all ! 
 Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall." 
 
 Shakespeare, Measure for Measure, ii. i. 
 
 245. " Thick darkness dwells upon this hour ; 
 integrity, 
 Like one of heaven's bright luminaries, now 
 By error's dullest element interposed. 
 Suffers a black eclipse." 
 
 Middleton, A Game at Chess, ir. 4. 
 
 "To err but once 
 Is to be undone for ever." 
 
 Any thing /or a Quiet Life, i. x. 
 
138 
 
 v. 171 — 178. 
 
 THE JENEID. 
 
 V. 178 — 197. 
 
 Nor Dido now clandestine love designs : 
 A marriage does she call it ; with this name 
 Before her frailty she a curtain weaves. 
 Straight Rumor runs thro' Libya's mighty 
 
 towns ; — 250 
 
 Rumor, than whom there is none other ill 
 More fleet. By volubility she thrives, 
 And vigor musters to her in her march. 
 A pigmy through alarm at first, anon 
 She rears her [form] to air, and o'er the 
 
 ground 
 She stalks, and hides her head among the 
 
 clouds. 
 Her, Earth her dam, embittered at the 
 
 wrath 
 
 249. Or, in the soft parlance of modern laxity : 
 " Before her indiscretion weaves a veil." 
 
 " Who wooed in haste, and means to wed at leisure." 
 Shakespeare, Taming of the Shrew, iii. 2. 
 
 So Dryden, Hind and Panther, 353, 4 ; 
 " Then by a left-hand marriage weds the dame. 
 Covering adultery with a specious name." 
 
 " With what cunning 
 This woman argues for her own damnation !" 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, The Knight of Malta, 
 iii. 4. 
 
 " How, m a moment. 
 All that was gracious, great, and glorious in her. 
 And won upon all hearts, like seeming shadows 
 Wanting true substance, vanished !" 
 
 Massinger, The Picture, \v. ■^. 
 
 250. Contention is thus described by Thomson ; 
 Liberty, iv. 33 : 
 
 " Contention led the van : first small of size. 
 But soon dilating to the skies she towers ! 
 Then, wide as air, the livid Fury spread, 
 And, high her head above the stormy clouds. 
 She blazed in omens, swell'd the groaning winds 
 With wild surmises, battlings, sounds of war : 
 From land to land the maddening trumpet blew. 
 And poured her venom through the heart of man." 
 
 253. So Parnell says of the ills in Pandora's box : 
 
 " From point to point, from pole to pole they flew. 
 
 Spread as they went, and in the progress grew." 
 
 Hesiod. 
 
 And Dryden, of the origin of the Fire of London : 
 " Then in some close-pent room it crept along. 
 And mouldering as it went, in silence fed ; 
 Till th' infant monster, with devouring strong, 
 Walk'd boldly upright with exalted head." 
 
 Antuis Mirabilis, 218. 
 " The flying rumours gather'd as they rolled. 
 Scarce any tale was sooner heard than told ; 
 And all who told it added something new. 
 And all who heard it made enlargements too ! 
 In every ear it spread, on every tongue it grew." 
 
 And again : 
 " But straight the direful trump of slander sounds ; 
 Through the big dome the doubling thunder 
 
 bounds ; 
 Loud as the burst of cannon rends the skies, 
 The dire report thro' every region flies. 
 In every ear incessant rumours rung. 
 And gathering scandals grew on every tongue." 
 Pope, Temple of Fame. 
 
 Of gods, the youngest sister, as they tell, 
 To Coeus and Enceladus, brought forth, 
 Swift on her feet and on her nimble wings : — 
 A monster dread, a giantess, in whom 261 
 As many be the feathers on her frame. 
 So many wakeful eyes [there lie] beneath, — 
 A marvel to be told, — so many tongues, 
 Mouths just so many babble, up she pricks 
 So many ears. By night she flies 'twixt 
 
 heaven 
 And earth a-midway, whizzing through the 
 
 gloom. 
 Nor down to balmy slumber drops her eyne. 
 By day she sits a spy, or on the ridge 
 Of [some] roof-top, or on the lofty towers, 
 And mighty cities with alarm she fills ; 27 1 
 As firm a grasper of the false and wrong, 
 As herald of the true. She then with maze 
 Of prate the people filled brimful, in glee, 
 And facts and fictions in an equal sort 
 She chanted : ' ' That ^neas had arrived, 
 From blood of Troja sprung, to whom, as 
 
 spouse, 
 The lovely Dido deigns herself to link ; 
 That now the winter-tide, however long. 
 In mutual dalliance they enjoy, of realms 
 Unmindful, and by shameless passion 
 
 thralled." 281 
 
 These [tales] eachwhere the loathsome 
 
 goddess spreads 
 Upon the people's tongues. She straight 
 
 to king 
 larbas wheels aside her course, and fires 
 His mind with tattle, and heaps up his 
 
 wrath. 
 
 260. " For Fame hath many wings to bring ill 
 tidings." 
 
 Massinger, The Duke of Milan, 1. '3. 
 
 " Such was her form, as ancient bards have told : 
 Wings raise her arms, and wings her feet infold ; 
 A thousand busy tongues the goddess bears. 
 And thousand open eyes, and thousand listening 
 ears." Pope, Tejnple of Fame. 
 
 272. This line was rendered in the first edition : 
 "As much a stickler for the false and wrong." 
 
 279. " Sleep shall not seize me. 
 
 Nor any food befriend me but thy kisses, 
 
 Ere I forsake this desert. I live honest ! 
 
 He may as well bid dead men walk. I humbled. 
 
 Or bent below my power ! let night-dogs tear me, 
 
 And goblins ride me in my sleep to jelly. 
 
 Ere I forsake my sphere !" 
 
 J. Fletcher, Thierry and Theodoret, i. i. 
 
 283. " But, great man. 
 
 Every sin thou committ'st shews like a flame 
 Upon a mountain : 'tis seen far about, 
 And, with a big wind made of popular breath, 
 The sparkles fly through cities ! here one takes. 
 Another catches there, and in short time 
 Waste all to cinders : but remember still, 
 What burnt the valleys first came from the hill." 
 Middleton, Women beware of IV omen, iv. i. 
 
y. 198—217. 
 
 BOOK IV, 
 
 V. ai7 — 341. 
 
 139 
 
 He, sprung from Hammon, by a ra- 
 vished Nymph 
 Of Garama, a hundred vasty fanes 
 To Jupiter throughout his spacious realms, 
 A hundred altars, reared ; and wakeful 
 
 fire 
 Had sanctified, the gods' undying watch ; 
 And with the blood of flocks their floor is 
 
 rich, 291 
 
 And blooming [stand] the gates with 
 
 damasked wreaths. 
 And he, soul-crazed, and with the bitter 
 
 tale 
 Afire, is said, at th' altars' front, amid 
 The gods' immediate pow'rs, in many a 
 
 prayer 
 Jove humbly to have sued with hands up- 
 turned : 
 "Almighty Jove, to whom the Moorish 
 
 race, 
 Now banqueting on broidered couches, 
 
 pours 
 Lencean sacrifice, dost these behold ? 
 Or thee, my father, when thou launchest 
 
 forth 300 
 
 Thy levens, do we idly hold in awe ? 
 And is it random flashes in the clouds 
 Appal our minds, and empty thunders 
 
 blend ? 
 The woman, who, a rover in our bourns, 
 A paltry city for a fee hath built, 
 To whom a sea-board to be ploughed, to 
 
 whom, too, we 
 The jurisdiction of the spot have deigned, 
 Hath our espousals spumed, and as her 
 
 lord 
 iEneas hath she welcomed to her realm. 
 And now that Paris, with his half-man 
 
 train, 310 
 
 With Lydian turban underneath his chin. 
 And dripping tresses tied, the spoil enjoys : 
 
 386. " Old Cham, 
 
 Whom Gentiles Ammon call, and Libyan Jove." 
 Milton, Paradise Lost, b. iv. 
 
 301. "Terrify babes, my lord, with painted devils: 
 I am past such needless palsy." 
 
 Webster, Vittoria Corombona, iii. 2. 
 
 " Look to 't, for our anger 
 Is making thunder-bolts. 
 
 Thunder ! in faith. 
 They are but crackers." Ibid., ii. i. 
 
 309. " Laying her duty, beauty, wit, and fortunes. 
 On an extravagant and wheedling stranger. 
 
 Of here and everywhere." 
 
 Shakespeare, Othello, i. i. 
 
 310. "A raw young fellow, 
 
 One never trained in arms, but rather fashioned 
 To tilt with ladies' lips than crack a lance ; % 
 Ravish a feather from a mistress' fan. 
 And wear it as a favour." 
 
 Massinger, The Bondman, i. i. 
 
 We off"'rings to thy fanes forsooth present, 
 And cherish an unprofitable tale." 
 
 [The suitor,] while in accents such he 
 
 prays, 
 And holds the altars, the almighty heard, 
 And towards the royal city turned his eyes, 
 And to the lovers, of their better name 
 Forgetful ; then thus Mercury accosts, 
 And such injunctions gives : *' Post quick, 
 
 my son 1 320 
 
 The Zephyrs call, and sail upon thy wings, 
 And the Dardanian prince, who loiters now 
 In Tyrian Carthage, and the cities, deigned 
 By Fates, regardeth not, do thou address, 
 And through the nimble gales bear down 
 
 my words ; 
 * His fairest mother vouched him not to us 
 The like, and from the arms of Greeks for 
 
 this 
 Twice claims him ; but that he might prove 
 
 the man. 
 To govern Italy, with princedoms big, 
 And storming in the battle ; his descent 330 
 From Teucer's lofty lineage to evince, 
 And the whole world to force beneath his 
 
 rule. 
 If him no glory of such noble deeds 
 Enkindles, nor for sake of his own fame 
 Himself in toil engages, does the sire 
 T' Ascanius grudge the towered-heights 
 
 of Rome ? 
 What [end] does he design ? Or with what 
 
 hope 
 Is he delaying 'mong a hostile clan, 
 Nor casts a thought upon his Auson race. 
 And fields Lavinian ? * Let him sail !' This is 
 The point ; let this the message be from us." 
 
 He said. Prepared the other to obey 
 His sovereign father's mandate ; and he first 
 Upon his feet ties ancle-gear of gold, 344 
 Which high upon its pinions, whether o'er 
 The waters, or the lands, at even pace 
 
 313. " But that it were profane 
 
 To argue heaven of ignorance or injustice, 
 I now should tax it." 
 
 The Emperor of the East, v. x. 
 328. Or : " frees," " saves." 
 333. "Othello's occupation's gone." 
 
 Shakespeare, Othello, iii. 3, 
 346. " Now I go, now I fly, 
 
 Malkin my sweet spirit and L 
 O what a dainty pleasure 'tis 
 To nde in the air 
 When the moon shines fair. 
 And sing and dance, and toy and kiss ! 
 Over woods, high rocks, and mountains. 
 Over seas, our mistress' fountains. 
 Over steeples, towers, and turrets 
 We fly by night, 'mongst troops of spirits." 
 Middleton, Th* Witch, iii. end. 
 " But here's a little flaming cherubim. 
 The Mercury of heaven, with silver wings 
 
140 
 
 V. 241—257. 
 
 THE .ENEID. 
 
 V. 258 — 280. 
 
 With the fleet blast convey him. Then his 
 
 wand 
 He takes. Herewith he summons forth 
 
 from Hell 
 The ghastly spirits, others sends adown 
 Beneath the rueful realms of Tartarus ; 350 
 Grant slumbers and withdraws them, and 
 
 the eyes 
 At death unseals. Relying upon this, 
 He hunts the storms, and swims through 
 
 troublous clouds. 
 And now, on wing, the peak and steepy 
 
 sides 
 Of painful Atlas he descries, he, who 
 The firmament upon his summit props ; — 
 Atlas, whose piny head is ever ringed 
 With sullen clouds, and beat by wind and 
 
 rain. 
 Snow, showered down, his shoulders ker- 
 chiefs ; then 
 Floods headlong hurtle from the old man's 
 
 chin, 360 
 
 And stiffened stands in ice his bristly beard. 
 Here first, while leaning on his balanced 
 
 wings, 
 Cyllenius halted ; hence with his whole 
 
 frame 
 He flung himself head-foremost to the 
 
 waves. 
 Like to a bird, which round the shores, 
 
 around 
 The fishy rocks flies low the surface nigh. 
 Not elsewise flew between the earth and 
 
 heaven. 
 And Libya's sandy shore and breezes passed. 
 
 Impt for the flight to overtake his ghost. 
 And bring him back again." 
 
 Southern, Isabella, end. 
 358. Like Milton's description of the region be- 
 yond Lethe : 
 " Beyond this flood a frozen continent 
 
 Lies dark and wild, beat with perpetual storms 
 Of whirlwind and dire hail, which on firm land 
 Thaws not, but gathers heap, and ruin seems 
 Of ancient pile." P. L., b. ii. 
 
 360. Spenser gives Winter a beard not unlike to 
 
 that of Atlas : 
 
 " Lastly came Winter cloathed all in frize, 
 Chattering his teeth for cold that did him chill ; 
 Whilst on his hoary beard his breath did freese ; 
 And the dull drops that from his purpled bill 
 As from a limbeck did adown distill." 
 
 F. Q., vii. 7, 31. 
 
 " For scarce her chariot cut the easie earth, 
 
 And journeyed on, when Winter with cold breath 
 Crosseth her way, her borrowed haire did shine 
 With glittering isickles all christaline ; 
 Her browes were perewigged with softer snow, 
 Her russet mantle fringed with ice below." 
 
 Marston, Entertaine7nent, I. 25. 
 
 363. " A station like the herald Mercury 
 New-lighted on a heaven-kissing hill." 
 
 Shakespeare, Hamlet, iii. 4. 
 
 From his maternal grandsire coming down. 
 The Cyllene child. When first with 
 
 pinioned soles 370 
 
 He touched the kraals, ^neas founding 
 
 towers. 
 And dwellings newly raising, he espies. 
 Ay e'en had he, with yellow jasper starred, 
 A sword, and with the Tyrian purple 
 
 blazed 
 A mantle, from his shoulders wimpled down; 
 Which presents had the wealthy Dido made, 
 And parted out the warp with filmy gold. 
 He instantly assails him : " Dost thou now 
 Foundations of the stately Carthage lay ? 
 And, wife-besotted, art thou rearing up 380 
 Her beauteous city ? Ah ! of sovereignty 
 And thine estate forgetful ! He himself. 
 The ruler of the gods, sends me to thee 
 From bright Olympus down, who by his nod 
 Wheels round the heav'n and earth ; him- 
 self commands 
 To bring these orders thro' the nimble gales : 
 ' What [end] dost thou design ? Or with 
 
 what hope 
 Dost while away thine hours in Libyan 
 
 lands ? 
 If thee no glory of such noble deeds 
 Affecteth, nor for sake of thine own fame 
 Thou dost thyself engage in toil, regard 391 
 Ascanius rising, and the prospects of thine 
 
 heir 
 lulus, [he,] to whom Italia's realm 
 And Roman land are due.' " In such a^ 
 
 strain 
 Cyllenius having spoken, mortal ken 
 Amid his speech he quitted, and afar 
 He faded into subtile air from view. 
 
 But sooth yEneas, wildered at the sight, 
 Was dumb-struck, and his hair was raised 
 
 on end 
 With terror, and his voice within his jaws 
 
 369. Milton's description of Raphael's descent 
 from heaven somewhat resembles this of Mercury ; 
 Paradise Lost, b. v. : 
 
 " Down thither prone in flight 
 He speeds, and through the vast eternal sky 
 Sails between worlds and worlds, with steady wing 
 Now on the polar winds, then with quick fan 
 Winnows the buxom air. . . . 
 . . . At once on the eastern cliff of Paradise; 
 He lights." 
 
 380. " Where is your understanding. 
 
 The noble vessel that your full soul sailed in. 
 Ribbed round with honours? Where is that? 'Tis 
 
 ruined ! 
 The tempest of a woman's sighs has sunk it." 
 
 J. Fletcher, The Bloody Brother, ii. i. 
 
 386. "A thousand leagues I have cut through 
 
 empty air. 
 Far swifter than the sailing rack that gallops 
 Upon the wings of angry winds, to seek thee." 
 
 J. Fletcher, Women Pleased, iv. 3. 
 
V. 28o — 304. 
 
 BOOK IV, 
 
 V. 305 — 322. 
 
 Ui 
 
 Stood fixed. He bums to make escape 
 by flight, 401 
 
 And leave the blissful regions, thunder- 
 struck 
 At such grave warning and behests of gods. 
 Alas ! what can he do ? With what ad- 
 dress 
 Now venture to approach the raging queen ? 
 "What introductions first should he adopt ? 
 And now to this side, now to that, he 
 
 shifts 
 His active spirit, and to sundry points 
 He hurries it, and whirls it round thro' all. 
 While wav'ring, this to him the worthier 
 view 410 
 
 Appeared : he Mnestheus and Sergestus 
 
 calls. 
 And brave Cloanthus :— " That the fleet 
 
 by stealth 
 They should equip, and muster at the shore 
 The crews, their arms get ready, and what 
 
 ground 
 For this his sweeping change of plan there 
 
 be. 
 They should disguise ; that he himself 
 
 meanwhile, 
 (Since Dido, best [of beings,] nothing knew, 
 And she would not expect that loves so 
 
 warm 
 Could be dissolved,) approaches would 
 
 essay. 
 And what the softest seasons of address, 420 
 What course was fitting to the case." With 
 
 speed 
 His mandate do they all in glee obey. 
 And put in force his orders. But the queen 
 His stratagems — a lover who can dupe ? — 
 Divined, and was the foremost to perceive 
 His coming movements, fearing all [though] 
 
 safe. 
 The same ungodly Rumor, as she fumes 
 Announced to her that furnished was the 
 
 fleet. 
 And that a voyage was prepared. She 
 
 storms. 
 Of reason void, and, fired, in revel-rage 430 
 Through all the city runs : as [fury-] roused 
 At holy [emblems] moved, a raver-maid, 
 What time triennial orgies goad her on. 
 When heard is Bacchus, and Cithoeron calls 
 By night with shouting. She at last 
 
 accosts 
 iEneas in these accents, unaddressed : 
 
 405. More literally : " Now dare to come about." 
 
 429. " Pigmie cares 
 
 Can shelter under patience' shield, but gyant 
 
 griefes 
 Will burst all covert." 
 
 Marston, Antonio and Mellida, P. 2, ii. 3. 
 
 •• Hast hoped, O traitor, thou could'st 
 e'en disguise 
 Such heinous wickedness, and steal away 
 In silence from my land ? Nor doth my 
 
 love 
 
 Hold thee, nor thee a right hand plighted 
 
 erst, 440 
 
 Nor Dido, doomed by felon death to die ? 
 
 Nay, e'en 'neath winter's star dost thou 
 
 equip 
 Thy fleet, and haste amid the northern 
 
 blasts 
 To voyage through the deep, O heartless? 
 
 What? 
 Were it thou did'st not seek strange lands, 
 
 and homes 
 Unknown, and ancient Troy remained, 
 
 would Troy 
 Thro' billowy ocean in thy ships be sought ? 
 Me fliest thou ? I [pray] thee by these tears. 
 And thy right hand, (since to my wretched 
 
 self 
 Naught else I now have left,) by our em- 
 brace, 450 
 By bridal [joys] begun, if well at all 
 Of thee I have deserved, or aught of mine 
 Hath proved of charm to thee, compassionate 
 A falling house, and [thee] I pray, if still 
 Be any room for prayers, divest thyself 
 Of such a thought as that. On thy account 
 Loathe me the Libyan clans and Nomads' 
 
 kings ; 
 The Tyrians are incensed ; on thy account, 
 The selfsame, is my honor blotted out. 
 And former character, whereby alone 460 
 
 437. " Thy shallow artifice by its suspicion, 
 And, like a cobweb veil, but thinly shades 
 The face of thy design." 
 
 " Thou, like the adder, venomous and deaf, 
 Hast stung the traveller, and after hear'st 
 Nqt his pursuing voice ; even when thou think'st 
 To hide, the rustling leaves and bended grass 
 Confess, and point the path which thou hast 
 crept." Congreve, The Mourning Bride, \. i. 
 
 455- 
 
 I am a woman 
 
 " Spite of my rage and pride, 
 and a lover still." Ibid., iv. i. 
 
 460. " I see my leprosy unveiled ; that sin, 
 Which, with my loss of honour, first engaged 
 My misery, is with a sunbeam writ 
 Upon my guilty forehead." 
 
 Shirley, The Imposture, v. 3. 
 " She was once an innocent. 
 As free from spot as the blue face of heaven, 
 Without a cloud in 't : she is now as sullied 
 As is that canopy, when mists and vapours 
 Divide it from our sight, and threaten pestilence.*" 
 Ford, Tht Fancies, v. 1. 
 
 " What delight has man 
 Now at this present for his pleasant sin 
 Of yesterday's committing Ir 'Lis, 'tis vanished, 
 And nothing but the sting remains within him I" 
 
 Middlcton, 'I he Widow, iii. a. 
 
I42 
 
 V. 322 — 341- 
 
 THE .ENEID. 
 
 V. 341—365. 
 
 Was I approaching towards the stars. To 
 
 whom 
 Dost thou abandon me in death's embrace, 
 
 gucbt ? — since this the only name remains 
 From [that of] husband. Why do I delay ? 
 Is't till Pygmalion, [my own] brother, raze 
 [These] walls of mine, or me his pris'ner 
 
 hale 
 The Gsetulan larbas ? If at least 
 
 1 any offspring, sired of thee, had owned 
 Before thy flight, if sported in my hall 
 For me some infantine ^neas, who 470 
 Might thee, tho' but in face, repeat, I sooth 
 Should not appear quite captived and for- 
 lorn." 
 
 She said. He at Jove's warnings kept 
 
 his eyes 
 Unmoved, and with a struggle 'neath his 
 
 heart 
 Unrest kept down ; at last in [words] a few 
 He answers : "Ne'er will I, queen, disown 
 That [in those favors], which, full many a 
 
 one, 
 In language thou hast power to recount, 
 Thou [nobly] hast deserved [of me] j nor 
 
 shall it irk 
 Elissa in my memory to bear, 480 
 
 So long as I am mindful of myself. 
 So long as animation sways these limbs. 
 Upon the question will I speak few [words]. 
 I neither hoped to cover this retreat 
 By act of stealth, (form no [such fancy] 
 
 thou,) 
 Nor e'er affected torches of a spouse, 
 Or entered into contracts [such as] these. 
 If Destinies would let me pass my life 
 'Neath my own rule, and of my free accord 
 
 461. "Fight well, and thou shalt see, after these 
 
 wars, 
 Thy head wear sunbeams, and thy feet touch stars." 
 Massinger, I'he Virgin Martyr, ii. 3. 
 
 " No ! you have let me stain my rising virtue. 
 Which else had ended brighter than the sun." 
 Lee, The Rival Queens, iv. 2. 
 462. Or : " about to die." 
 
 485. " Lay not that flattering unction to your soul. 
 That not your trespass, but my madness speaks." 
 
 Shakespeare, Hamlet, iii. 4. 
 
 486. " Let weak statesmen think of conscience ; 
 
 I am armed against a thousand stings, and laugh at 
 The tales of hell and other worlds : we must 
 Possess our joys in this, and know no other 
 But what our fancy every minute shall 
 Create to please us." 
 
 Shirley, The Politician, i. i. 
 " But it does not 
 
 Add to the graces of your royal person. 
 
 To tread upon a lady thus dejected 
 
 By her own grief." 
 " Strike out a lion's teeth, and pare his claws. 
 
 And then a dwarf may pluck hira by the beard : 
 
 'Tis a gay victory !" Shirley, Chabot, iii. i. 
 
 To lull my woes to rest, Troy's city chief, 
 And the dear relics of my [countrymen], 
 Should I be cherishing ; the lofty domes 
 Of Priam would remain, and with my 
 
 hand 493 
 
 I re-arising Pergamus had built 
 For vanquished men. But now great Italy 
 Grynian Apollo, Italy the lots 
 Of Lycia, have commanded me to grasp. 
 This is my passion, this my native land. 
 If thee, a lady of Phoenicia, towers 
 Of Carthage, and a Libyan city's sight 500 
 Engages, what, I pray thee, means the 
 
 grudge 
 At Teucri settling down in Auson land ? 
 Our right it is, too, foreign realms to seek. 
 Me does my sire Anchises' troubled ghost. 
 As oft as with dank shades the night 
 
 enwraps 
 The lands, as oft as fiery stars arise. 
 In slumbers warn and startle ; me my boy, 
 Ascanius, and his precious person's wrong. 
 Whom of Hesperia's realm and destined 
 
 fields 
 I cheat. Now e'en the courier of the gods, 
 From Jove himself despatched, — the head 
 
 of both 511 
 
 I take to witness, — thro' the nimble gales 
 Hath carried down his orders. I myself 
 The deity in open light beheld 
 Ent'ring the walls, and in these ears his 
 
 voice 
 Absorbed. Cease thou t' inflame alike 
 
 myself 
 And thee with thy complainings : Italy, 
 With no free choice of mine, do I pursue." 
 Him, speaking such, long since askance 
 
 she views, 
 Hither and thither rolling round her eyes, 
 And scans him wholly with her silent looks, 
 And, set ablaze, on this wise speaks she 
 
 forth : 522 
 
 '* Neither a goddess mother was to thee. 
 Nor Dardanus the founder of thy race, 
 
 510. "With devotion's visage. 
 
 And pious action, we do sugar o'er 
 The devil himself.", Shakespeare, Hamlet, iii. i. 
 
 " Doth she make religion her riding-hood 
 To keep her from the sun and tempest ?" 
 
 Webster, The Duchess of Malji, ii. 3. 
 
 " A plea which will but faintly take thee off" 
 
 " From this leviathan scandal that lies rolling 
 Upon the crystal waters of devotion." 
 
 Middleton, A Gatne at Chess, ii. i. 
 
 516. " Rid me of this my torture, quickly, there ! 
 My madam with the everlasting voice, — 
 The bells in time of pestilence ne'er made 
 Like noise, or were in that perpetual motion !" 
 
 " A lawyer could not have been heard ! nor scarce 
 Another woman, such a hail of words 
 She has let fall." Ben Jonson, T/ie Fox, iii. 2. 
 
V. 366—377. 
 
 BOOK IV, 
 
 V. 378—396. 
 
 143 
 
 Traitor I but bred thee, jagged with flinty 
 cliffs, 
 
 The Caucasus, and Ilyrcanian tigresses 
 
 Their dugs approached. P'or why do I pre- 
 tend ? 
 
 (^r to what deeper [wrongs] reserve myself? 
 
 At our weeping did he heave a groan ? 
 
 Bent he his eyes ? O'erpowered, shed he 
 tears ? 530 
 
 Or hath he pity for a lover felt ? 
 
 Before what [insults] what shall I prefer ? 
 
 Now, now, nor highest Juno, nor the sire 
 
 Saturnian with impartial eyes views these. 
 
 Trust nowhere safe! An outcast on the 
 beach, 
 
 A beggar, have I harbored, and, a fool, 
 
 Enthroned him in the partnership of realm ; 
 
 His missing fleet, his mates, from death 
 redeemed. 
 
 Ah ! fired by furies am I hurried ! Now 
 
 The seer Apollo, now the Lycian lots, 540 
 
 Now, too, the courier of the gods, de- 
 spatched 
 
 525. " I have been gulled in a shining carbuncle, 
 A very glowworm, that I thought had fire in't, 
 And 'tis as cold as ice." 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Wit at Several Weapons, 
 
 ii. 2. 
 
 " Honour you've little, honesty you've less ; 
 But conscience you have none." 
 
 Dryden, The Duke of Guise, iv. i. 
 
 "Thou seed of rocks, will nothing move thee, then ?" 
 J. Fletcher, The Bloody Brother, iii. i. 
 " Are you marble ? 
 
 If Christians have mothers, sure they share in 
 
 The tigress' fiercenees ; for, if you were owner 
 
 Of human pity, you could not endure 
 
 A princess to kneel to you, or look on 
 
 These falling tears which hardest rocks would 
 soften. 
 
 And yet remain unmoved." 
 
 Massinger, The Renegade, iii. 5. 
 " Be sure 
 You credit anything, the li^ht gives light to. 
 Before a man. Rather believe the sea 
 Weeps for the ruined merchant, when he roars ; 
 Rather the wind courts but the pregnant sails. 
 When the strong cordage cracks ; rather, the sun 
 Comes but to kiss the fruit in wealthy autumn. 
 When all falls blasted." 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, The Maid's Tragedy, ii. 2. 
 
 526. " Thou almost mak'st me waver in my faith. 
 To hold opinion with Pythagoras, 
 
 That souls of animals infuse themselves 
 
 Into the trunks of men : thy currish spirit 
 
 Govern'd a wolf, who, hang'd for human slaughter. 
 
 Even from the gallows did his fell soul fleet. 
 
 And, whilst thou lay'st in thy unhallow'd dam, 
 
 Infus'd itself in thee ; for thy desires 
 
 Are wolfish, bloody, starv'd, and ravenous." 
 
 Shakespeare, Merchant of Venice, iv. i. 
 " When did the tiger's young ones teach the dam ? 
 Oh ! do not learn her wrath ; she taught it thee : 
 The milk, thou suck'dst from her, did turn to 
 
 marble : 
 Even at thy teat thou hadst thy tyranny." 
 
 Tittts Andronicus, ii. 3. 
 
 From Jove himself, brings dread commands 
 
 through air. 
 That is, forsooth, a task for Pow'rs above I 
 That care arouses them at their repose I 
 I neither stay thee, nor thy words refute. 
 Begone ! Pursue Italia with the winds ! 
 Seek kingdoms o'er the billows ! Sooth I 
 
 hope 
 That thou 'mid rocks, if aught the holy 
 
 Powers 
 Avail, [the cup of] punishment wilt drain. 
 And by her name wilt ' Dido !' often call. 
 Absent I'll dog thee with my sooty flames ; 
 And when cold death shall from the soul 
 
 my limbs 552 
 
 Have sundered, I, a ghost, in every spot 
 Will haunt thee. Retribution shalt thou pay. 
 Thou caitiff ! I shall hear, and this report 
 Shall come to me below the deepest shades." 
 She with these words the parley in the 
 
 midst 
 Breaks off, and, sick at heart, escapes the air. 
 And turns away, and flings her from his 
 
 eyes. 
 Leaving him falt'ring grievously" thro' fear. 
 And making ready many [a word] to speak. 
 Her maids upraise her, and her fainting 
 
 limbs 562 
 
 Into her couching-chamber, marble-fraught, 
 
 Bear off and lay them down upon a couch. 
 
 But good yEneas, though the suffering 
 
 [queen] 
 To soothe by comforting does he desire. 
 And by his words to turn away her woes. 
 Upheaving many a sigh, and in his soul 
 Impaired by mighty passion, still fulfils 
 The gods' behests, and seeks again the fleet. 
 
 546. "Hence from my sight, thou venom to my 
 
 eyes ! 
 Would I could look thee dead, or with a frown 
 Dissect thee into atoms, and then hurl them 
 About the world, to cast infection. 
 And blister all they light on !" 
 
 Marmion, The Antiquary, iv. i. 
 548. " Do you know who dwells above, sir. 
 
 And what they have prepared for men turned 
 
 devils ? 
 Did you never hear their thunder? Start and 
 
 tremble 
 When their fires visit us ? Death sitting on your 
 
 blood. 
 Will nothing wring you then, do you think ?" 
 
 J. Fletcher, The Humourous Lieutenant, iv. 5. 
 562. " My life, like to a bubble i' th' aire. 
 
 Dissolved by some uncharitable winde, 
 
 Denyes my body warmth : your breath 
 
 Has made me nothing." 
 
 Rawlins, The RebtUion, i. t. 
 
 570. " He walks away. 
 
 And if he find her dead at his return. 
 His pity is soon done : he breaks a sigh 
 In manv parts, and gives her but a piece on 't." 
 Middleton, Women beware 0/ Womtn, iii. i. 
 
144 
 
 V. 397—423- 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 423—439. 
 
 Then sooth the Teucri bend [to toil], and 
 
 launch 571 
 
 The lofty galleys all throughout the strand. 
 Smeared, floats the keel, and leafy oars 
 
 they bring, 
 And heart of oak, unfashioned, from the 
 
 woods, 
 In zeal for flight. These flitting might you 
 
 see. 
 And from out all the city pouring forth : 
 E'en as, what time a monster heap of spelt 
 The emmets waste, of winter-tide in mind, 
 And in their dwelling lay it up in store ; 
 A sable army marches o'er the plains, 580 
 And bear in loads the booty thro' the grass 
 By straitened track ; some push the moun- 
 tain-grains. 
 Against them straining with their shoulders ; 
 
 some 
 The squadrons rally, and chastise delays ; 
 "With travail every path is in a glow. 
 What, Dido, was thy feeling then, the like 
 Perceiving ! Or what groanings did'st thou 
 
 heave. 
 What time the shores in ferment far and 
 
 wide 
 Thou ' spied'st from thy castle-crest, and 
 
 saw 
 The ocean all turmoiled before thine eyes 
 With such loud shoutings ! O unfeeling 
 
 love, 591 
 
 To what dost thou not drive the hearts of 
 
 men ! 
 To have recourse again to tears, again 
 To try him by entreaty, is she forced. 
 And humbly bow her spirit to her love. 
 Lest she should any [course] leave unes- 
 
 sayed. 
 To bootless purpose [then] about to die. 
 
 ' ' Anna, thou seest that [all] is hurried on 
 Throughout the shore ; they round from 
 
 every side 
 Have mustered ; now the canvas courts the 
 
 gales, 600 
 
 And on the sterns the sailors in delight 
 Have set their chaplets. Seeing I this pang. 
 So grievous, have been able to await, 
 I shall be able to support it too, 
 O sister. Still, do thou this one request 
 Perform, O Anna, for my hapless self. 
 For [yon] arch traitor honored thee alone ; 
 His hidden feelings even he to thee 
 Intrusted : thou alone wert wont to know 
 
 578. " Black ants in teams come darkening all the 
 
 road, 
 Some call to march, and some to lift the load ; 
 They strain, they labour with incessant pains, 
 Press'd by the cumbrous weight of single grains." 
 Parnell, The Flics. 
 
 The soft approaches to the man, and times 
 [Of speech]. Go, sister, and in humble 
 
 form 611 
 
 My haughty foe accost : * I did not swear 
 At Aulis with the Greeks to overthrow 
 The Trojan nation, or did I a fleet 
 To Pergamus despatch ; nor of his sire 
 Anchises th' ashes and the shades have I 
 Uprooted : — why declines he to allow 
 My words to sink within his churlish ears ? 
 [Say] whither is he rushing? This last 
 
 boon 
 To me, his wretched lover, let him grant : 
 That he should wait alike an easy flight. 
 And leading winds. I am not craving 
 
 now 622 
 
 The former union, which he hath betrayed ; 
 Nor that his beauteous Latium he should 
 
 lack. 
 And realm forego : an idle hour I seek, 
 Reprieve and room for frenzy, till my fate 
 May teach me, overborne, to bear the 
 
 smart.' 
 As a last favor this do I entreat ; — 
 Have pity on a sister ! — which [request] 
 When thou shalt have accorded to me, 
 
 thee, 630 
 
 Full recompensed, at death will I requite." 
 In [accents] such she prayed, and weep- 
 ings such 
 Her sister, in most miserable plight. 
 Both carries and recarries back. But he 
 By weepings none is moved, or any words 
 
 610. " I'll try each secret passage to his mind. 
 And love's soft bands about his heart-strings wind." 
 
 Dryden, Co7iquest of Granada, iii. i. 
 " Oh, my sister, — 
 Fate fain would have it so, — persuade, entreat ! 
 A lady's tears are silent orators." 
 
 J. Fletcher, Lovers Cure, v. 3. 
 
 611. "A heavy heart bears but a humble tongue." 
 
 Shakespeare, Lovers Labour's Lost, v. 2. 
 627. Or: "how to grieve." 
 
 631. That is, — that nothing but the gratitude of 
 a whole life could suiifice to repay the obligation. 
 This is by no means satisfactory ; but the fact is, 
 that it seems impossible to know here what Virgil 
 either meant or wrote. The reading given by 
 Weise is founded, not upon manuscript, but on a 
 conjecture of Heyne's. But, though it were safe to 
 settle an author's text on the base of fancy, is not 
 cumulatd sorte more like prose than poetry ? To 
 pay a favour back with "augmented capital" is 
 even very questionable prose. 
 
 635. " But neither bended knees, pure hands held 
 
 up, 
 Sad sighs, deep groans, nor silver-shedding tears. 
 Could penetrate her uncompassionate sire." 
 
 Shakespeare, Two Gentlemen of Verona, iii. i. 
 
 " My kind sister, 
 Thy tears are of no force to mollify 
 This flinty man." 
 Heywood, A Woman Killed with Kindness. 
 
V. 439--4«5. 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 V. 465—486. 
 
 145 
 
 In pliancy he heeds : the Weirds withstand, 
 And blocks the j^od the hero's {gentle ears. 
 And as when, sturdy in its aged trunk. 
 An oak do Alpine tempests from the north, 
 With blowings now on this side, now on 
 
 that, 640 
 
 In mutual tourney struggle to uproot ; 
 A din arises, and the lofty leaves 
 Bestrew the earth, on shaking of its bole ; 
 It grapples to the rocks itself, and high 
 As with its summit to the gales of heaven, 
 So low it stretches with its root to hell : 
 Not otherwise, with never ceasing words 
 On this and that side is the hero pealed. 
 And in his noble breast deep feels his 
 
 pangs : 
 His soul unshaken bides ; vain tears are 
 
 shed. 650 
 
 Then sooth ill-fortuned, startled at her 
 
 fates. 
 Prays Dido for her death : it irketh her 
 To gaze upon the canopy of heaven. 
 That she more readily may her design 
 Accomplish, and the light forsake, she saw. 
 When on the incense-burning altars she 
 Her off'rings placed, — appalling to be 
 
 told,— 
 The holy fluids blacken, and the wines, 
 Outpoured, to turn them into loathsome 
 
 gore. 
 This sight to none, no, not her sister e'en. 
 Did she divulge. Moreover, stood within 
 
 the dome 661 
 
 A shrine of marble to her former spouse, 
 Which she with wonderful respect revered, 
 With snowy wools and festal leafage hung. 
 Hence voices, and the accents of her lord. 
 As calling, seemed distinctly to be heard, 
 W^hat time the darkling night enchained 
 
 the lands, 
 And, lone upon the gable-heights, the owl 
 With dirge funereal often would complain. 
 And spin her lengthful hootings to a wail. 
 And many a prophecy, besides, of holy 
 
 seers 671 
 
 With awful warning fills her with alarm. 
 
 " A south wind 
 Shall sooner soften marble, and the rain. 
 That slides down gently from his flaggy wings, 
 O'erflow the Alps, than knees, or tears, or groans. 
 Shall wrest compunction from me." 
 
 Massinger, The City Madam, v. 3. 
 
 648. So Milton, in Paradise Lost, b. ii. : 
 " Nor was his ear less peal'd 
 With noises loud and ruinous." 
 
 653. So Cato says, in Addison's Cato, iv. 4 : 
 *' O Lucius ! I am sick of this bad world ; 
 The daylight and the sun grow painful to me." 
 671. Or, \{ prioruvt, v. 464, be read: "of seers 
 of yore." 
 
 Himself the fell i^neas in her sleep 
 The raver baits ; and ever to be left 
 [All] lonely to herself she ever seems, 
 Unretinued, a longsome way to wend, 
 And seek the Tyrians in a land forlorn. 
 As troops of Furies madding Penthcus 
 
 sees, 
 The sun, too, double, and a Thebes twofold 
 Appearing ; or, of Agamemnon [sired], 
 Orestes, chased on stages, as he flies 681 
 His mother, armed with brands and sooty 
 
 snakes. 
 And vengeful Dirae in the threshold sit. 
 So, when she took the Furies to her 
 
 breast, 
 O'erwhelmed with anguish, and resolved to 
 
 die. 
 The time and manner with herself she 
 
 weighs, 
 And in [these] words her sister, woe-begone, 
 Accosting, in her visage masks her plan. 
 And plants the calm of hope upon her 
 
 brow : 
 ** A way, O sister, — give thy sister joy! — 
 Have I discovered, which may him restore 
 To me, or me, his lover, free from him. 692 
 Near ocean's limit and the setting sun, 
 The utmost region of the i^thiops lies. 
 Where monster Atlas on his shoulder 
 
 wheels 
 The Empyrean, gemmed with blazing stars. 
 Therefrom to me there hath been pointed 
 
 out 
 A priestess of the Massylrean clan. 
 The guardian of the Hesp'rids' fane, and 
 
 who 699 
 
 His banquets to the dragon used to serve. 
 And watch the holy branches on the tree, 
 Besprinkling fluid honies [o'er his food], 
 
 679. Armstrong uses the same illustration to 
 magnify the horrors of another species of madness, 
 — that which results from intemperance : 
 " But such a dim delirium, such a dream 
 Involves you ; such a dastardly despair 
 Unmans your soul as maddening Penthcus felt, 
 When, baited round Cithaeron's cruel sides, 
 He saw two suns, and double Thebes ascend." 
 Health, b. iv. 
 
 682, " Orestes. Now, now 
 
 I blaze again ! See there ! Look where they 
 
 come, — 
 A shoal of Furies ! How they swarm about me !' 
 My terror ! Hide me ! Oh, their snakey locks ! 
 Hark how they hiss ! See, see their flaming brands ! 
 Now they drive full at me ! How they grin. 
 And shake their iron whips ! My cars ! What 
 
 yelling !" Philips, The Distrest Mother, end. 
 
 696. Shakespeare beautifully expresses the idea 
 conveyed by s tell is ardent ions aptum, v. 4Sa; 
 Merchant 0/ Venice, v. i : 
 
 " Sit, Jessica : look how the floor of heaven 
 li thick inlaid with patlncs of bright gold." 
 L 
 
146 
 
 V. 486 — 512. 
 
 THE JENEID. 
 
 V. 512 — '5 2 9. 
 
 And drowsy poppy. Pledges she herself 
 That she by spells can free what minds she 
 
 lists, 
 But loose can launch on others grievous 
 
 pains ; 
 Arrest the water in the floods, and turn 
 The stars aback ; and she the ghosts by 
 
 night 
 Evokes : earth roaring underneath thy feet 
 Wilt thou behold, and ashes coming down 
 From mountains. I attest the gods and thee, 
 Dear sister, and thy darling head, that I 
 To sorc'rous arts unwillingly resort. ']\2. 
 Do thou in private a funereal pile 
 In th' inner court beneath the air upraise, 
 And the man's armor, which the godless 
 
 [wretch] 
 Fixed in the couching chamber left, and all 
 His dress, the bridal bed, too, wherein I 
 Was ruined, lay thereon. To blot away 
 All, all memorials of the cursed man 
 Delights me, and the priestess [this] en- 
 joins." 720 
 These words she having uttered, held 
 
 her peace ; 
 At once her features wanness overspreads. 
 Still Anna deems not that her sister cloaks 
 Her death beneath the strange religious 
 
 rites. 
 Nor such wild frenzies harbors in her mind. 
 Or does she weightier [evils] apprehend 
 Than at Sychseus' death. She therefore 
 
 makes 
 The ordered preparations. But the queen, — 
 A pyre in th' inner court beneath the air 
 Upraised immense, of pines and plank of 
 
 oak,— 730 
 
 Lays out alike the spot with coronals. 
 And decks it with the deathly leaf. Above , 
 His garments, and the falcion left behind, 
 His image, too, she places on the bed. 
 Not wareless of the future. Stand the 
 
 altars round ; 
 And with dishevelled locks the priestess 
 
 thrice 
 Forth thunders from her mouth a hundred 
 
 gods, 
 Both Erebus, and Chaos, Hecat too, 
 Threefold, the maid Diana's triple forms. 
 And sprinkled she the mimic waters of the 
 
 spring 740 
 
 711. The swearing by the head was a common 
 oath in many countries. Though no longer a 
 custom in these, Spenser puts it into the mouth of 
 one of his characters : 
 
 " Then I avow, by this most sacred head 
 Of my dear foster-childe." 
 
 Faerie Queene, iii. 2, 33. 
 
 712. More literally : 
 
 " For sorc'rous arts unwillingly am girt." 
 
 Avernian ; and, by moonlight mown with 
 
 hooks 
 Of bronze, are sought the herbs of downy 
 
 growth. 
 With sap of sable poison ; and is sought, 
 Wrenched from the forehead of a new- 
 foaled colt. 
 And ravished from the dam, the [mole of] 
 
 love. 
 [The queen] herself with salted meal, and 
 
 hands 
 Religious, near the altars, with one foot 
 Stript of its [sandal-] bands, in robe ungirt, 
 About to die, to witness calls the gods, 
 The stars, too, of her destiny aware : 75*^ 
 Thereon, — if any Pow'r, impartial e'en 
 And mindful, holds the lovers worth a care, 
 [ Who're tied] by no fair contract, — him she 
 prays. 
 'Twas night, and jaded bodies peaceful 
 sleep 
 Were snatching to them through the earth, 
 
 and woods 
 And raging seas had gone to rest, when stars 
 In mid career are rolled, when every field 
 Is hushed. The cattle, and enamelled 
 
 birds. 
 E'en those which far and wide the crystal 
 
 meres. 
 And those which lands, with briars brist- 
 ling, haunt, 760 
 In slumber laid beneath the stilly night. 
 Their sorrows were assuaging, and the 
 
 hearts, 
 Forgetful of their travails. But not so, 
 
 754. The stillness of the world at night is finely 
 described by Dr. Young, Night Thoughts, i. 18-25 '- 
 
 " Night, sable goddess ! from her ebon throne. 
 In rayless majesty, now stretches forth 
 Her leaden sceptre o'er a slumbering world. 
 Silence, how dead ! and darkness, how profound ! 
 Nor eye, nor listening ear, an object finds ; 
 Creation sleeps. 'Tis as the general pulse 
 Of life stood still, and nature made a pause ; 
 An awful pause ! prophetic of her end." 
 
 " Sweet sleep charm his sad senses, and gentle 
 thoughts 
 Let fall your flowing numbers here, and round 
 
 about 
 Hover, celestial angels, with your wings. 
 That none offend his quiet !" 
 
 Shirley, The Maid's Revenge, v. 3. 
 
 758. "All birds that in the stream their pinions dip, 
 
 Or from the brink the liquid crystal sip, 
 
 Or show their beauties to the sunny skies. 
 
 Here waved their plumes that shone with varying 
 
 dyes ; 
 But chiefly he, that o'er the verdant plain 
 Spreads the gay eyes, which grace his spangled 
 
 train ; 
 And he who, proudly sailing, loves to show 
 His mantling wings and neck of downy snow." 
 Sir William Jones, Tlie Seven Fountains. 
 
V. 529—557. 
 
 BOOK n. 
 
 ▼. 558—577. 
 
 147 
 
 Unblest of spirit, the Phoenician dame ; 
 Nor is she ever melted into sleep, 
 [N] or in her eyne or bosom welcomes night. 
 Redouble her distresses, and once more. 
 Again uprising does her passion storm, 
 And surge with her resentments' mighty 
 
 tide. 
 Thus then she broods upon [her lot], and 
 
 thus 770 
 
 Within her bosom with herself revolves : 
 ** Lo ! what is it I do ? Shall I once more 
 My former suitors, ridiculed, essay. 
 And nuptials with the Nomads humbly 
 
 crave, 
 Whom I so often have already scorned 
 As husbands ? Shall I therefore Ilian barks, 
 And worst behests of Teucer's sons attend ? 
 Is it because it joys them that erewhile 
 By my assistance they have been relieved, 
 And duly with the grateful there abides 
 The obligation from a former act ? 781 
 
 But grant I willed it, — who'll allow it me ? 
 Or, loathed, admit me to their haughty 
 
 ships ? 
 Alas ! O lady lost, dost thou not know, 
 Or not as yet perceive the perjuries 
 Of the Laomedontian race ? What then ? 
 Shall I, alone in flight, accompany 
 Their chuckling seamen ? Or, by Tyrians 
 
 thronged 788 
 
 And all my people's host, be wafted on, 
 And, whom from Sidon's city scarce did I 
 Unroot, shall I again lead o'er the deep, 
 And bid them give the canvas to the gales ? 
 Nay, rather perish as thou hast deserved. 
 And with the falcion turn away the pang ! 
 Thou, overpowered by my tears, thou first 
 Dost lade a raver, sister, with these ills. 
 And fling her to the foe. 'Twas not allowed, 
 A life of marriage void, without a fault, 
 To lead, in fashion of a savage beast. 
 Nor such anxieties to touch ! The faith, 
 Pledged to Sychoean ash [es], is not kept!" 
 Such grievous plaints she vented from her 
 
 breast. 802 
 
 yEneas on the lofty stem, now fixed 
 Upon departure, sleep was snatching, now 
 With preparations orderly arranged. 
 To him the figure of the god in dreams 
 Itself presented, in the selfsame guise 
 Returning, and again thus seemed to warn ; 
 
 764, " Wrongs done to love 
 
 Strike the heart deeply : none can truly judge on't 
 But the poor sensible sufferer whom it racks 
 With unbelieved pains." 
 
 Middleton, The Witch, \. i. 
 788. Or : "A crew triumphant ?" 
 801. " Angels themselves must break that promise 
 Beyond the strength and patience of angels." 
 Massinger, Tfu Fatal Dowry, v. 2. 
 
 In all like Mercury, alike in voice, 
 And hue, and amber locks, and limbs 
 adorned 810 
 
 With youth : " O goddess-bom, canst 
 
 sleep prolong 
 Beneath this crisis? Nor what dangers 
 
 thence 
 May thee environ; madman! dost perceive? 
 Nor hearest thou propitious Zephyrs 
 
 breathe ? 
 That [woman] wiles and awful wickedness 
 Is in her breast revolving, bent on death, 
 And surges with resentments' fitful tide. 
 Art thou not posting hence in headlong 
 
 haste. 
 Whilst thou to post in headlong haste hast 
 
 power ? 
 Forthwith shalt thou behold the sea tur- 
 moiled 820 
 
 With ships, and grisly torches glare ; forth- 
 with 
 The shores with blazes in a glow, if thee, 
 Delaying in these regions, shall the Dawn 
 Have touched. Uprouse thee then ! break 
 
 off" delays ! 
 A vacillating and capricious thing 
 Is woman ever." He, thus having said, 
 Himself commingled with the sable night. 
 
 Then sooth ^neas, by the sudden gloom 
 
 Affrighted, tears away his frame from sleep. 
 
 And importunes his comrades: "Quick 
 
 awake ! 830 
 
 My men, and take your stations on the 
 
 thwarts ; 
 Unclew the sails with speed ! A god, de- 
 spatched 
 From th' empyrean high, to hasten flight, 
 And cut away the twisted hawsers, lo ! 
 Once more is urging on. We follow thee, 
 O holy one of gods, whoe'er thou art, 
 
 825. " Mutability', 
 
 All faults that may be nam'd, nay that hell knows. 
 
 Why hers, in part, or all : but rather all ; 
 
 Nor e'en to vice 
 
 They are not constant, but are changing still 
 
 One vice, but of a minute old, for one 
 
 i«Iot half so old as that." 
 
 Shakespeare, Cymbeltne, ii. 5. 
 " And yet, believe me, good as well as ill. 
 Woman's at best a contradiction still." 
 
 Pope, Moral Essays, Ep. ii. 2^. 
 " A creature fond and changing, fair and vain. 
 The creature, 'Woman,' rises now to reign." 
 Pamell, Htsiod. 
 " Oh ! women have fantastic constitutions. 
 Inconstant in their wishes, always wavering. 
 And never fbced." Otway, VeHtc* P., iii. i. 
 835. " I feel now 
 
 That there are Powers above us, and that 'tis not 
 Within the searching policies of man 
 To alter their decrees." 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Th* Faltt One, v. j. 
 L 2 
 
48 
 
 V. 577—584. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 585 — 602. 
 
 And thy behests once more obey with joy. 
 O be thou present, and benignly aid, 
 And stars in heav'n propitious bring." He 
 
 spake, 
 And tears his blade of lightning from the 
 
 sheath, 840 
 
 And with drawn steel the hawsers smites. 
 
 At once 
 The selfsame fervor holds them all. They 
 
 hale alike, 
 And hurry ; they the shores have left ; the 
 
 main 
 Lies hid beneath the galleys ; forcing, they 
 Whirl up the foam, and sweep the azure 
 
 [seas]. 
 And now first sprent the lands with virgin 
 
 lisht 
 
 844. As the enemies of the Castle of Temperance 
 concealed the Earth : 
 " So huge and infinite their numbers were. 
 
 That all the land they under them did hyde." 
 Spenser, Faerie Queetie, ii. 11, 5. 
 
 846. So Spenser, F. Q., i. 2, 7. See also i. 11, 51 : 
 " Now when the rosy-fingred Morning faire. 
 
 Weary of aged Tithones saffron bed. 
 Had spread her purple robe through deawy aire." 
 
 Shakespeare has numberless descriptions of day- 
 break of great beauty ; e. g., Romeo and Juliet, 
 ii. 3 : 
 " The grey-ey'd morn smiles on the frowning night. 
 
 Checkering the eastern clouds with streaks of 
 light ; 
 
 And flecked darkness like a drunkard reels 
 
 From forth day's pathway, made by Titan's 
 wheels : 
 
 Now ere the sun advance his burning eye. 
 
 The day to cheer, and night's dark dew to dry :" 
 &c. 
 
 And again, in the same Play, iii. 5 : 
 
 " Look, what envious streaks 
 Do lace the severing clouds in yonder east : 
 Night's candles are burnt out, and jocund day 
 Stands tiptoe on the misty mountain tops." 
 
 " See, the day begins to break, 
 And the light shoots like a streak 
 Of subtle fire ; the wind blows cold. 
 Whilst the morning doth unfold. 
 Now the birds begin to rouse, 
 And the squirrel from the boughs 
 Leaps to get him nuts and fruit ; 
 The early lark, that erst was mute 
 Carols to the rising day 
 Many a note and many a lay." 
 J. Fletcher, The Faithftd Shepherdess, iv. 4. 
 
 " Mild rides the Morn in orient beauty dress'd. 
 An azure mantle, and a purple vest. 
 Which, blown by gales, her gemmy feet display, 
 Her amber tresses negligently gay : 
 Collected now her rosy hand they fill. 
 And, gently wrung, the pearly dew distil. 
 The songful Zephyrs, and the laughing Hours, 
 Breathe sweet, and strew her opening way with 
 flowers." Savage, Wanderer, c. iv. 
 
 And shortly after, of Sunrise : 
 " Now, in his tabernacle roused, the Sun 
 Is warn'd the blue ethereal steep to run ; 
 
 Aurora, leaving Tithon's saffron bed. 
 Soon as the queen from posts of watch 
 
 beheld 
 The light wax white, and with its balanced 
 
 sails 
 The navy under way, and shores and ports 
 Unpeopled, without rower, she perceived, 
 Both thrice and four times on her dainty 
 
 breast 852 
 
 Deep struck with hand, and rent in amber 
 
 locks ; 
 "Alas the day! O Jove, shall this man 
 
 go?" 
 She cries, " and shall an alien ridicule 
 Our realm ? Will they not fetch their 
 
 armor forth. 
 And, [poured] from all the city, give him 
 
 chase. 
 And others drag down galleys from the 
 
 docks ? 
 Go quick ! bring blazes, set the sails, ply 
 
 oars ! — 
 What do I say ? Or where am I ? My 
 
 brain 860 
 
 What madness turns? Unhappy Dido! 
 
 Now 
 Do thy ungodly doings sting thee ? Then 
 'Twas meet [they should] when thou the 
 
 sceptral sway 
 Vouchsafedst. — Lo ! right hand and troth 
 
 [of one]. 
 Who with him, they assert, his country's 
 
 gods 
 Is bringing ! Who upon his shoulders bare 
 A father spent with age ! — His body seized 
 Could I not have dislimbed, and o'er the 
 
 waves 
 Have scattered it ? [Could I] not his com- 
 peers, 
 Not, — have annihilated with the steel 870 
 Ascanius' very self, and served him up 
 To be a banquet on his father's boards ? 
 
 While on his couch of floating jasper laid. 
 From his bright eye Sleep calls the dewy shade. 
 The crystal dome transparent pillars raise. 
 Whence, beam'd from sapphires, living azure 
 
 plays ; 
 The liquid floor, inwrought with pearls divine. 
 Where all his labours in mosaic shine : 
 His coronet a cloud of silver-white ; 
 His robe with unconsuming crimson bright. 
 Varied with gems, all heaven's collected store ! 
 While his loose locks descend, a golden shower." 
 
 855. " Have I no spleen. 
 
 Nor anger of a woman ? Shall he build 
 Upon my ruins, and I, unrevenged. 
 Deplore his falsehood V 
 
 Massinger, The Picture, iii. 6. 
 
 868. " No ! let me know the man that wrongs me so. 
 That I may cut his body into motes. 
 And scatter it before the Northern blast." 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, The Maid's Tragedy, ii. i. 
 
V. 603—629. 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 ▼. 629—652, 
 
 149 
 
 But doubtful th' issue of the fray had 
 
 proved. — 
 It might have proved so : whom had I to 
 
 fear, 
 About to perish ? Torches on their camp 
 1 might have flung, and filled their decks 
 
 with flames, 
 And son and father with the race have 
 
 quenched ! 
 Aye even have myself bestowed them ! — 
 
 Sun ! 
 Who scannest with thy fires all tasks of 
 
 earth, 879 
 
 And thou, agent and witness of these woes, 
 O Juno ! Hecat, too, in crossing paths 
 By night invoked thro' cities with a howl ; 
 And O ye vengeful Furies, and ye gods 
 Of perishing Elissa, hear ye these. 
 And turn your pow'r divine, that is their 
 
 due. 
 To [these] my wrongs, and listen to our 
 
 prayers ! 
 If needs must be his cursed person touch 
 The ports, and float to land, and thus the 
 
 fates 
 Of Jove exact, this issue is decreed : — 
 Yet worried by the warfare and the arms 
 Of [some] bold clan, an exile from his 
 
 bourns, 891 
 
 Wrenched from lulus's embrace, may he 
 Crave aid, and see the ignominious deaths 
 Of his own [people] ! nor when he himself 
 Shall have surrendered, [laid] beneath the 
 
 terms 
 Of [some] unrighteous peace, may he enjoy 
 His realm or light desired, but let him 
 
 fall 
 Before his day, and [lie] amid the sand 
 Unsepulchred ! These [boons] I beg ; this 
 
 word. 
 My latest, with my blood outpour. 900 
 Then ye, O Tyrians, harass with your hate 
 The brood and all its progeny to come, 
 And to my ash [es] offer up these gifts. 
 Between the nations let there be no love, 
 Nor leagues ! Rise ! some avenger from 
 
 our bones. 
 The Dardan settlers to pursue with fire 
 And falcion, now, hereafter, at what time 
 Soe'er shall pow'rs imi>art them [unto 
 
 thee]. 
 The curse of shores antagonist to shores, 
 To billows waves, to armor arms, I pray : 
 
 899. " Let him be lost, no eye to weep his end. 
 Nor find no earth that's base enough to bury him !" 
 J. Fletcher, Rule a Wife and Have a Wife, iii. 5. 
 
 005. "Arise, black vengeance, from thy hollow 
 
 cell! 
 Yield up, love, thy crown, and hearted throne. 
 
 May Ixjth themselves and their descendants 
 
 war!" 911 
 
 These speaks she, and her mind to every 
 
 side 
 She shifted, seeking, soon as in her power, 
 To break away the [thread of] loathly light. 
 She Barce then, Sychceus' nurse, in brief 
 Accosted ; for her own the sable ash 
 In her time-honored land possessed : ** Dear 
 
 nurse. 
 My sister Anna hither lead to me ; 
 Tell her to haste her person to bedew 
 With water of the brook, and with her 
 
 bring 920 
 
 The victims and atonements pointed out ; 
 Thus let her come ; and thy own brows do 
 
 thou 
 Thyself envelop with religious band. 
 The sacrifices to the Stygian Jove, 
 Which, in due form commenced, have I 
 
 prepared. 
 It is my purpose to complete, and put 
 An end to my distresses, and the pyre 
 Of Dardan bust abandon to the flame." 
 On this wise does she speak. The other 
 
 sped 
 Her step with ag^d woman's zeal. But 
 
 scared, 930 
 
 And at her monstrous undertakings wild. 
 Dido, her blood-shot eyeball rolling round, 
 And dashed with blotches o'er her quiv'ring 
 
 cheeks, 
 And wan at coming dissolution, bursts 
 Within the inner portals of the dome. 
 And in her frenzy mounts the lofty pyre ; 
 The Dardan falcion, too, does she un- 
 sheathe, — 
 Not for these services a boon acquired. 
 Here, soon as on the Ilian gear, and bed 
 Well-known, she gazed, awhile in tears and 
 
 thought 94O 
 
 Delaying, she both laid her on the couch, 
 And spake her latest words : ** O relics 
 
 dear, 
 While doom and deity allowed, receive 
 
 To tyrannous hate ! Swell, bosom, with thy fraught. 
 For 'tis of aspics' tongues." 
 
 Shakespeare, OtJullo, iii. 3. 
 
 914. So Amavia prays, in Spenser's Faerie Queene, 
 ii. I, 36 : 
 " Come, then ; come soon ; come, sweetest Death, 
 
 And take away this long lent loathed light." 
 
 gai. Or : "The beasts and the." 
 
 928. " Hecate. Is the heart of wax 
 
 Stuck full of magic needles ? 
 Stadlin. 'Tis done, Hecate. 
 Hec. And is the farmer's picture and his wife't 
 Laid down to th' fire yet T 
 Stad. They're a-roasting both too." 
 
 Middleton, Th* Witch, i. 2. 
 
I50 
 
 V. 652 — 672. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 672 — 685. 
 
 This soul, and free me from these troubles ! I 
 Have lived, and that career, which had my 
 
 fate 
 Assigned, have run ; and now this shade of 
 
 mine 
 Majestic 'neath the earth shall wend its 
 
 way. 
 A passing glorious city have I reared ; 
 My walls have seen ; a husband having 
 
 venged, 
 I've from a hostile brother penalties 950 
 Exacted : blest, alas ! too blest, 
 Had but the Dardan keels ne'er touched 
 
 our shores !" 
 She said; and, — pressed upon the couch 
 
 her lips, — 
 "Die shall we unavenged ; but let us die !" 
 
 she cries, 
 " Thus, thus it joys to pass to shades below. 
 This conflagration with his eyes let drink 
 The barbarous Dardanian from the deep, 
 And with him bear the omens of our death." 
 She said ; and in the midst of such [her 
 
 words] 
 Her train behold her sunk beneath the 
 
 steel, 960 
 
 The sword, too, frothing with the gore, 
 
 and sprent 
 Her hands. A shrieking mounts the lofty 
 
 halls ; 
 Wild revels Rumor thro' the city shocked ; 
 With moans, and groan, and women's howl, 
 
 the roofs 
 Are ringing ; thunders heav'n with mighty 
 
 wails : 
 No otherwise, than if from foes let loose 
 All Carthage were to fall or aged Tyre, 
 And raging blazes were to be enwreathed 
 Throughout the gables both of men and 
 
 gods. 
 Her sister breathless heard, and, terrified, 
 
 944. " I fall to rise : mount to thy Maker, spirit ! 
 
 Leave here thy body : Death has her demerit." 
 
 Marston, Insatiate Countesse, v. 5. 
 
 947. "Through darkness diamonds spread their 
 richest light." 
 
 Webster, Vittoria Corombotta, iii. 2. 
 
 959. Or : " below the shades." 
 
 966. " So from a spark, that kindled first by chance. 
 With gathering force the quickening flames 
 
 advance ; 
 Till to the clouds their curling heads aspire. 
 And towers and temples sink in floods of fire." 
 Pope, Tetnple of Fame. 
 The translation of the second /^^ in this idiomatic 
 passage would involve the supply of a weak ellipsis. 
 
 970. " Which when that warriour heard, dismount- 
 ing straict 
 From his tall steed, he rusht into the thick. 
 And soone arrived where that sad Pourtraict 
 Of death and dolour lay, halfe dead, halfe quick : 
 
 In flurried haste, while marring with her 
 
 nails 971 
 
 Her features, and her breasts with clenched 
 
 hands. 
 Darts through the midmost, and the dying 
 
 [queen] 
 Loud calls by name: "O sister, was it 
 
 this? 
 In cunning didst thou seek me? Was it 
 
 this 
 That pile funereal, was it this the fires 
 And altars had in store for me ? Whereof 
 In chief shall I forlorn complain ? Hast 
 
 thou 
 Thy sister for a comrade scorned at death ? 
 Would thou had'st called me to the selfsame 
 
 doom ! 980 
 
 One anguish and one hour had with the 
 
 sword 
 Swept both of us away. With these [my] 
 
 hands 
 Did I e'en rear it, and our country's gods 
 Call with my voice, that I should thee, 
 
 thus laid, 
 O heartless one, have failed ? Thyself and 
 
 me 
 Thou hast, O sister, quenched, thy people 
 
 too. 
 And the Sidonian sires, and city thine. 
 Give me with waters clean to wash her 
 
 wounds ; 
 And should there any parting breath above 
 Still wander, I will catch it with my lips." 
 
 In whose white alabaster brest did stick 
 
 A cruell knife that made a griesly wownd, 
 
 From which forth gusht a stream of gore-blood 
 
 thick, 
 That all her goodly garments staind arownd. 
 And into adeepe sanguine dide the grassy grownd." 
 Spenser, F. Q., ii. i, 39. 
 
 974. " What shall she do ? She to her brother runs. 
 His cold and lifeless body does embrace ; 
 She calls to him that cannot hear her moans. 
 And with her kisses warms his clammy face." 
 Cowley, Constantia and Philetus. 
 
 981. " First will I sing thy dirge, 
 
 Then kiss thy pale lips, and then die myself. 
 And fill one coffin and one grave together." 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, The Knight of the 
 
 Burning Pestle, iv. 5. 
 
 989. " She stirs ; here's life ! 
 Return, fair soul, from darkness, and lead mine 
 Out of this sensible hell ! She's warm, she breathes ! 
 Upon thy pale lips I will melt my heart. 
 
 To store them with fresh colour." 
 
 Webster, The Duchess of Malfi, iv. 2. 
 
 990. " His palled face, impictured with death. 
 She bathed oft with teares and dried oft : 
 
 And with sweet kisses suckt the wasting breath 
 Out of his lips like lillies pale and soft. 
 And oft she cald to him, who answerd nought. 
 And onely by his lookes did tell his thought." 
 
 Spenser, Astrophel. 
 
V. 685 — ^93. 
 
 BOOK V. 
 
 V. 693—705. 
 
 151 
 
 Thus speaking, she had climbed the lofty 
 steps, 991 
 
 And, her half-living sister clasping round, 
 She hugged her in her bosom with a groan. 
 And stanched the jetty blood-streams with 
 
 her robe. 
 The other, efforts having made to lift 
 Her heavy eyeballs, swoons away again : 
 Deep plunged beneath her breast, the 
 
 wound 
 Is gurgling. Thrice she, lifting up her 
 
 [form]. 
 And leaning on her elbow, raised [her- 
 self]; 
 Thrice backward was she rolled upon the 
 bed, 1000 
 
 And with her wand'ring eyes through lofty 
 
 heaven 
 She sought the light, and groaned when it 
 was found. 
 
 992. " Eyes, look your last ! 
 
 Arms, take your last embrace ! and lips. Oh ! you 
 The doors of breath, seal with a righteous kiss 
 A dateless bargain to engrossing death !" 
 
 ShaJcespeare, Romeo and Juliet, v. 3. 
 
 I002. " Antoninus. Then with her dies 
 
 The abstract of all sweetness that's in woman ! 
 Let me down, friend, that, ere the iron hand 
 Of death close up mine eyes, that may at once 
 Take my last leave both of this light and her : 
 For, she being gone, the glorious sun himself 
 To me's Cimmerian darkness. 
 
 Macrinus. Strange affection ! 
 Cupid once more hath changed his shafts with 
 
 Death, 
 And kills, instead of giving life." 
 
 Massinger, T/ie Virgin Martyr, iv. 3. 
 
 Then Juno, the almighty, in her ruth 
 At her long anguish and laborious death, 
 Sent Iris from the Empyrean down. 
 To disengage the struggling soul, and limbs 
 Enfettered [with it] : for that, seeing she 
 Nor by her destiny, nor death deserved, 
 Was dying, but ill-starred before her day. 
 And by a sudden frenzy-passion fired, loio 
 Not yet had Proserpine the golden lock 
 From off the summit of her head with- 
 drawn, 
 And to the Stygian Orcus doomed the 
 
 head. 
 So dewy Iris on her saffron wings. 
 Along the sky a thousand motley hues 
 Abstracting from the sun afront, flies down. 
 And near, above the head, she stood : 
 
 "This lock. 
 Devote to Dis, enjoined I carry off. 
 And thee from that thy body 1 release." 
 Thus speaks she, and the lock with her 
 right hand 1020 
 
 She cuts ; and all the heat at once dissolved, 
 And to the breezes sped the life away. 
 
 1022. " O she is gone ! the talking soul is mute ! 
 She's hushed, no voice of music now is heard ! 
 The bower of beauty is more still than death ; 
 The roses fade, and the melodious bird. 
 That waked their sweets, has left them now for 
 ever." Lee, T fie Rival Queetis, v. 1. 
 
 " So, fare thee well ! 
 Now boast thee, Death ! In thy possession lies 
 A lass unparalleled. Downy windows, close ; 
 And golden Phoebus never be beheld 
 Of eyes again so royal !" 
 
 Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra, v. 2. 
 
 BOOK V. 
 
 Meanwhile yEneas with the navy now 
 His mid [-sea] voyage straight was holding 
 
 on. 
 And the dun billows with the northern gale 
 
 Line 2. Virgil often uses medius to indicate a 
 distance from the extremity, be it greater or less. 
 For instance, in y£«. iii. v. 665, Polyphemus 
 graditur per cequor jam medium ; yet, necdutn 
 jJuctus latera ardua tinxit. So here, the word is 
 employed loosely, to express ^Eneas being well out 
 at sea. However, it would seem better not to 
 attempt too strict a version of the word, especially 
 as " mid-sea " may well carry with it a similar 
 looseness of meaning. 
 
 3. There are numberless instances of Virgil's 
 using the names of winds in a lax way, according 
 as the necessities of the metre required. See note 
 on Mn. i. 1. 841. Yet, perhaps, Aquilo may here 
 be employed deliberately in its accurate signifi- 
 cation. In /'En. iv. v. 310, to take Aguilonihus in 
 the sense of wind generally would plainly be to 
 
 Was cleaving, looking back upon the walls, 
 
 which now 
 Are glaring with unblest Elissa's flames. 
 What reason may have lighted up a fire, 
 So great, lies hidden j but the grievous 
 
 pangs 
 
 weaken the force of Dido's sarcasm ; and so, in the 
 present case, the same word is probably repeated 
 with design. The Trojans were m such a hurry to 
 be gone, that they went even with a foul wind. 
 However, Aquilo would not be so much a-head as 
 Boreas. 
 
 4. " They, looking back, all th' eastern side beheld 
 Of Paradise, so late their happy seat, 
 Waved over by that dreadful brand ! the gale 
 With dreadful faces throng'd, and fiery arms. 
 Some natural tears they dropp'd, but wip'd them 
 
 soon: 
 The world was all before them, where to choose 
 Their place of rest, and Providence their guide." 
 Milton, /'. L., end. 
 
152 
 
 V. 6 — 15. 
 
 THE JENEID. 
 
 V. 15—32. 
 
 From outrage offered to a mighty love, 
 And knowledge what can frantic woman do, 
 Through sad foreboding lead the Trojans' 
 
 minds. lO 
 
 Soon as their galleys occupied the deep. 
 
 Nor any land now further meets [the 
 
 view] ; — 
 Seas all around, and all around the sky ; — 
 Above his head a dingy rain-cloud came 
 To a near stand; Night bringing on and 
 
 storm ; 
 And 'gan the wave to crisp beneath the 
 
 gloom. 
 E'en Palinure, the pilot, from the stern 
 On high : * ' Ah ! why have storm-clouds 
 
 so immense 
 Wrapt heav'n ? Or what, sire Neptune, 
 
 dost prepare 
 
 19 
 
 Thus having said, thereon he gives command 
 
 8. " Lopez. Methinks a woman dares not — 
 Roderigo. Thou speak'st poorly ; 
 
 What dares not woman when she is provok'd ? 
 Or what seems dangerous to love or fury?" 
 
 Fletcher, The Pilgrim, iii. i, 
 
 ' " The effects of violent love are desperate." 
 
 Massinger, A Very Woman, v. 4. 
 
 10. " I cannot change, as others do. 
 Though you unjustly scorn ; 
 Since that poor swain that sighs for you. 
 For you alone was born. 
 " No, Phillis, no, your heart to move 
 A surer way I'll try ; 
 And, to revenge my slighted love. 
 
 Will still love on, will still love on, and die. 
 " When, killed with grief, Amyntas lies. 
 And you to mind shall call 
 The sighs that now unpity'd rise. 
 The tears that vainly fall, 
 *' That welcome hour, that ends this smart. 
 Will then begin your pain ; 
 For such a faithful tender heart 
 
 Can never break, can never break in vain." 
 Earl of Rochester, Constancy. 
 
 18. One of the oldest descriptions of a storm in 
 the English language (before Chaucer's Canterbury 
 Tales) is to be found in Gower's Confessio Amatitis, 
 b. viii. : 
 
 " Whan thei were in the sea amid. 
 Out of the north thei see a cloude. 
 The storme arose, the wyndes loude 
 Thei blewen many a dredefull blaste. 
 The welken was all ouercaste : 
 The derke night the sonne hath vnder. 
 There was a great tempest of thunder. 
 The moone, and eke the sterres bothe 
 In blacke cloudes thei hem clothe, 
 Whereof their bright loke thei hide." 
 
 " If by your art, my dearest father, you have 
 Put the wild waters in this roar, allay them : 
 The sky, it seems, would pour down stinking pitch, 
 P>ut that the sea, mounting to the welkin's cheek. 
 Dashes the fire out." Shakespeare, Tempest, i. 2. 
 
 " Hie therefore, Robin, overcast the night ; 
 The starry welkin cover thou anon 
 With drooping fog, as black as Acheron." 
 
 Midsummer Nighfs Dream, iii. 2. 
 
 To reef the sails, and ply with lusty oars, 
 
 And veers diagonally to the wind 
 
 The folds [of canvas], and suchlike he 
 
 speaks : 
 **High-souled^neas, not, tho' Jove to me 
 Should pledge himself as surety, could I 
 
 hope 
 That 'neath this sky Italia we could fetch. 
 Athwart us shifted, bluster, and uprise 
 In concert from the inky West, the winds, 
 And into cloud the ether is condensed : 29 
 We neither have the pow'r to struggle on 
 Against them, nor the effort e'en to make. 
 Since Fortime lords it, follow we [her lead], 
 And whither she is calling bend our course. 
 Nor deem I far, trustworthy, brotherly, 
 The coasts of Eryx, and Sicilia's ports, 
 If only in a duly mindful mood, 
 The stars observed I calculate again." 
 Then good iEneas: "Sooth I long have 
 
 seen 
 That thus the winds exact, and that in vain 
 Against them thou dost strive : Shape 
 
 course by sails ! 40 
 
 Can any land to me more welcome prove, 
 Or where the" rather I would fain put in 
 My shattered ships, than that which guards 
 
 for me 
 The Dardan-sprung Acestes, and the bones 
 Of sire Anchises bosoms in its lap ?" 
 When these were spoken, they the havens 
 
 seek. 
 
 21. "As when the seaman sees the Hyades 
 Gather an army of Cimmerian clouds, 
 (Auster and Aquilon with winged steeds. 
 All sweating, tilt about the watery heavens. 
 With shivering spears enforcing thunder-claps. 
 And from their shields strike flames of lightning,) 
 All-fearful folds his sails, and sounds the main. 
 Lifting his prayers to the Heavens for aid 
 Against the terror of the winds and waves." 
 
 Marlowe, Tamburlaine the Great, iii. 2. 
 
 27. " From every several quarter of the sky 
 The thunder roars, and the fierce lightnings fly 
 One at another, and together dash 
 Volley on volley, flash comes after flash. 
 Heaven's light looks sad, as they would melt away. 
 The night is come i' th' morning of the day : 
 The card'nal winds He makes at once to blow. 
 Whose blasts to buffets with such fury go :" &c. 
 Drayton, Noah's Flood. 
 
 " The flattering wind, that late with promis'd aid 
 From Candia's bay th' unwilling ship betray'd. 
 No longer fawns beneath the fair disguise. 
 But like a ruffian on his quarry flies : 
 Tost on the tide she feels the tempest blow. 
 And dreads the vengeance of so fell a foe." 
 
 Falconer, Shipnvreck, ii. 3. 
 
 29. "At first a dusky wreath they seem to rise 
 Scarce staining ether ; but by swift degrees. 
 In heaps on heaps, the doubling vapour sails 
 Along the loaded sky, and mingled deep 
 Sits on th' horizon round a settled gloom." 
 
 Thomson, Spring. 
 
V. 33 — 5o» 
 
 BOOK V. 
 
 y- 51—59. 
 
 153 
 
 And fav'ring Zephyrs swell the sails. The 
 
 Heet 
 Is quickly wafted through the gulf, and 
 
 they at last 
 Are borne delighted to the well-known 
 
 strand. 
 But from a lofty mountain-crest afar 50 
 Amazed at their approach, and barks allied, 
 Acestes meets them, bristling in his darts, 
 And in an Afric she-bear's skin ; whom 
 
 bore 
 A Trojan mother, gendered by the flood 
 Crimisus. Of his ancient fathers he, 
 Not mindless, gives them joy on their return. 
 And entertains them, glad, with rural 
 
 wealth, 
 And cheers the weary with his kindly 
 
 means. 
 What time next gairish day with infant 
 
 dawn 
 The stars had chased aloof, from all the 
 
 shore 60 
 
 His mates ^Eneas to assembly calls. 
 And from a hillock -pile [these words] he 
 
 speaks : 
 "Great Dardans, issue from the lofty 
 
 blood 
 Of gods, the yearly cycle is fulfilled, 
 With months completed, from the time that 
 
 we 
 My god-like sire's remains and bones in- 
 hearsed 
 In earth, and mournful altars sanctified. 
 And now the day, unless I am deceived, 
 Is nigh, which ever bitter, ever blest, — 
 Thus ye, O gods, have willed it ! — I shall 
 
 hold. 70 
 
 69. " 'Tis not a cypresse-bough, a count'nance sad, 
 A mourning garment, wailing elegie, 
 A standing herse in sable vesture clad, 
 A toombe built to his name's eternitie. 
 
 Although the shepheards all should strive 
 
 By yearly obsequies, 
 And vow to keepe thy fame alive 
 In spite of destinies, 
 That can suppresse my griefe : 
 
 All these and more may be. 
 Yet all in vaine to recompence 
 My greatest losse of thee. 
 
 " Cypresse may fade, the countenance be changed, 
 A garment rot, an elegie forgotten, 
 A herse 'mongst irreligious ntes be ranged, 
 A toombe pluckt down, or else through age be 
 rotten : 
 
 All things th' impartial hand of fate 
 
 Can rase out with a thought : 
 These have a sev'ral fixed date, 
 Which, ended, tume to nought. 
 Yet shall my truest cause 
 
 Of sorrow firmcly stay, 
 When these effects the wings of time 
 Shall fanne and sweepe away." 
 
 Browne, SAe/Afar<fs Pi/e, Ed. iv. 
 
 This were I in Gsetulian Syrts to 
 A banished man, or on the Argive sea, 
 And in Mycenae's city overta'en, 
 Still yearly vows, and anniversary 
 Processions, in due course wotild I dis- 
 charge. 
 And pile the altars with their rightful gifts. 
 Now further ; at the ashes and the bones 
 E'en of my sire himself, — not sooth, I 
 
 deem, 
 Without the mind, without the will, of 
 
 gods, — 
 Are we arrived, and wafted down [the 
 deep], 80 
 
 The ports of friendship enter. Therefore 
 
 come ! 
 And let us all this jovial feast observe ; 
 Kntreat the Winds ; and that it be his will 
 That I should every year these holy rites 
 
 71. It seems very unnatural to make Aunc, v. 51, 
 to depend upon an elliptical verb, which it is merely 
 gratuitous to understand. Neither is it easy to see 
 what the reference to y£n. vii. v. 611 has to do 
 with the matter. 
 
 The devotion of iEneas to the memory of his 
 father is like that of Lord Surrey to his mistress : 
 " Let me whereas the sunne doth parche the grenc. 
 Or where his beanies do not dissolue the yse : 
 In temperate heate where he is felt and sene : 
 In presence prest of people madde or wise ; 
 Let me in hye, or yet in low degree ; 
 In longest night, or in the shortest daye : 
 In clearest skie, or where cloudes thickest be ; 
 In lusty youth, or when my heeres are graye : 
 Let me in heaven, in earth, or els in hell. 
 In hyll or dale, or in the foming flood. 
 Thrall, or at large, aliue whereso I dwell, 
 Sicke or in health, in euill fame or good : 
 Hers will I be." Som^xH. 
 
 The same idea is similarly handled by Turberville 
 
 riy nan 
 
 in A Vow to Serve Faith, 
 
 74. " 'Tis true, fair daughter ; and this blessed day 
 Ever in France shall be kept festival : 
 To solemnise this day, the glorious sun 
 Stays in his course, and plays the alchymist : 
 Turning with splendour of his precious eye 
 The meagre cloddy earth to glittering gold : 
 The yearly course, that brings this day about. 
 Shall never see it but a holyday." 
 
 Shakespeare, King John, iii. i. 
 
 82. " Duke. What brow looks sad, when we com- 
 mand delight ? 
 We shall account that man a traitor to us 
 That wears one sullen cloud upon his face ! 
 I'll read his soul in't, and, by our bright mistress. 
 Than which the world contains no richer beauty. 
 Punish his daring sin. 
 
 Leontio. He will deserve it. 
 
 Great sir, that shall offend with the least sadness ! 
 Or, were it so possess'd, yet your command, 
 That stretches to the soul, would make it smile. 
 And force a bravery. Severe old age 
 Shall lay aside his sullen gravity. 
 And revel like a youth ; the forward matrons. 
 For this day, shall repent their years and coldness 
 Of blood, and wish again their tempting beauties. 
 To dance like wanton lovers." 
 
 Shirley, Tk* Duk^s Mistrtss, i. x. 
 
154 
 
 V. 60—85. 
 
 THE JENEID. 
 
 V. 85 — 104. 
 
 Present, what time my city is iipreared, 
 
 In temples consecrated to himself. 
 
 Twain head of beeves to you the Troja- 
 
 born 
 Acestes grants, by reckoning for each ship : 
 Invite ye household gods, and country- 
 gods, 
 To banquet, and [the gods] which doth our 
 
 host 90 
 
 Acestes worship. Further, if to men 
 Shall ninth Aurora have a kindly day 
 Brought forth, and with her beams unveiled 
 
 the globe. 
 The op'ning contests of the speeding ship 
 I to the sons of Teucer will propose ; 
 And he who in the foot-race is of might, 
 And he who, venturesome in pow'rs, or 
 
 stalks 
 Superior in the dart and nimble shafts. 
 Or trusts him the encounter to commence 
 With gauntlet raw ; — let one and all be 
 
 here, 1 00 
 
 And wait the guerdons of a well-earned 
 
 palm. 
 All guard your lips, and ring your brows 
 
 with sprigs," 
 Thus having said, his temples he bedecks 
 With myrtle of his mother. Helymus 
 Doth this, doth this Acestes ripe of age. 
 Doth this the boy Ascanius ; follows whom 
 The other youth. He from th' assembly 
 
 passed 
 With many a thousand to the tomb, [him- 
 self] 
 The centre, in a vast attending throng. 
 Here duly in libation pouring out no 
 
 Twain drinking-vessels with unmingled 
 
 wine. 
 He spills them on the ground, with new 
 
 milk twain. 
 Twain with religious blood ; and strews 
 
 bright flowers. 
 And speaks the like : " Hail, sainted sire, 
 
 once more ! 
 Hail, O ye ashes, to no end regained. 
 And spirit of my father, and his shade ! 
 'Twas not allowed to me Italia's bourns. 
 And destined fields, nor Auson Tiber ['s 
 
 stream], 
 Whate'er it be, with thee to seek." He 
 
 these 
 Had spoken, when from out the deepest 
 
 shrine 120 
 
 A slipp'ry serpent, huge, sev'n rings, sev'n 
 
 folds 
 
 •121, See notes on Geo. iii. 570. 
 
 ' Lo ! the green serpent, from his dark abode, 
 Which ev'n imagination fears to tread, 
 At noon forth issuing, gathers up his traia 
 
 Trailed onward, gently bosoming the tomb. 
 And through the altars gliding on ; whose 
 
 chine 
 Did spots of azure, and, bedropped with 
 
 gold, 
 [Each] scale a levin-flash set all afire : 
 As, with the sun afront, the rainbow flings 
 Upon the clouds a thousand motley hues, 
 ^neas was astounded at the sight. 
 It, as with lengthful train at last it glides 
 Among the saucers and the burnished cups, 
 Both tasted of the banquet, and again, 
 Unharmful, 'neath the basement of the 
 tomb 132 
 
 Retreated, and the altars, feasted on. 
 Forsook. So much the more does he renew 
 The sacrifices to his sire commenced, 
 Uncertain whether he should deem it were 
 The Genius of the place, or of his sire 
 Th' attendant. Slaughters he twain two- 
 year ewes. 
 In customed fashion, and as many swine, 
 And just so many bullocks, swart of back ; 
 The wines, too, from the saucers he out- 
 poured, 141 
 And called upon the great Anchises' soul, 
 And Manes, from the Acheron released. 
 Yea too, his comrades, as to each belonged 
 Th' ability, in joy their off"'rings bring. 
 The altars burden, and the bullocks slay. 
 In order bronzen [vessels] others set. 
 And, scattered all along the turf, they place 
 Live coals beneath the spits, and roast the 
 flesh. 
 The looked-for day arrived, and Phaeton's 
 steeds 150 
 
 In orbs immense, then, darting out anew. 
 
 Seeks the refreshing fount ; by which diffus'd. 
 
 He throws his folds." Thomson, Summer. 
 
 150, 151. Drummond, charmingly of the day when 
 he was to meet his mistress : 
 " Phoebus, arise. 
 
 And paint the sable skies 
 
 With azure, white, and red ; 
 
 Rouse Memnon's mother from her Tython's bed. 
 
 That she may thy career with roses spread. 
 
 The nightingales thy coming eachwhere sing. 
 
 Make an eternal spring. 
 " This is that happy morn. 
 
 That day, long-wished day, 
 
 Of all my life so dark, 
 
 (If cruel stars have not my ruin sworn, 
 
 And fates my hopes betray,) 
 
 Which {purely white) deserves 
 
 An everlasting diamond should it mark, 
 " The winds all silent are ; 
 
 And Phoebus in his chair 
 
 Ensafifroning sea and air. 
 
 Makes banish every star, 
 
 Night like a drunkard reels 
 
 Beyond the hills, to shun his flaming wheels. 
 
 The fields with flow'rs are deck'd in every hue. 
 
 The clouds with orient gold spangle their blue." 
 Sonnets, &^c., i, 36. 
 
V. 105 — ii4« 
 
 BOOK V, 
 
 V. 114— 141. 
 
 155 
 
 Now bare the ninth Aurore in cloudless 
 
 light ; 
 And rumor, and renowned Acestes' name, 
 The neighborhood had roused. In merry 
 
 throng 
 They full had filled the shores, the JEne&d 
 
 sons 
 To view, part even to compete prepared. 
 The prizes first are placed before their eyes, 
 And in the centre of the cirque are set, — 
 Religious tripods, chaplets too of green, 
 And palms, as guerdon for the conquerors, 
 And arms, and robes with purple throughly 
 
 dyed, 160 
 
 A talent ['s weight] of silver and of gold ; 
 And from the centre of the knoll the trump 
 Sounds forth the games begun. [Well] 
 
 matched, commence 
 
 " How often have I bless'd the coming day. 
 When toil remitting lent its turn to play. 
 And all the village train, from labour free. 
 Led up their sports beneath the spreading tree : 
 While many a pastime circled in the shade, 
 The young contending as the old survey'd ; 
 And many a gambol frolick'd o'er the ground. 
 And slights of art and feats of strength went 
 
 round. 
 And still, as each repeated pleasure tir'd. 
 Succeeding sports the mirthful band inspir'd." 
 Goldsmith, Deserted Village, ^l-'2.\. 
 
 " Were you to encounter 
 Those ravishing pleasures, which the slow-paced 
 
 hours 
 (To me they are such) bar me from, you would. 
 With your continued wishes, strive to imp 
 New feathers to the broken wings of Time, 
 And chide the amorous sun for too long dalliance 
 In Thetis' watery bosom." 
 
 Massinger, TJie Renegade, v. 8. 
 
 Gifford here quotes a fine passage from Tomkis' 
 Albumazar : 
 " How slow the day slides on ! When we desire 
 
 Time's haste, he seems to lose a match with 
 lobsters ; 
 
 And when we wish him stay, he imps his wings 
 
 With feathers plumed with thought." 
 
 •' Oh, why so long should I my joys delay ? 
 Time, imp thy wings, let not thy minutes stay. 
 But to a moment change the tedious day. 
 The day ! 'twill be an age before to-morrow ; 
 An age, a death, a vast eternity." 
 
 Lee, Theodosius, iii. 2. 
 
 " With what a leaden and retarding weight 
 Does expectation load the wings of Time !" 
 
 Mason, Elfrida. 
 
 151. Ben Jonson gives a grand description of a 
 day, the exact reverse of this. Lentulus says to 
 Cethegus : 
 " It is, methinks, a morning full of fate ! 
 
 It riseth slowly, as her sullen car 
 
 Had all the weights of sleep and death hung at it ! 
 
 She is not rosy-finger'd, but swoU'n black ; 
 
 Her face is like a water tum'd to blood. 
 
 And her sick head is bound about with clouds. 
 
 As if she threaten'd night ere noon of day !" 
 
 Catiline, i. i. 
 
 The op'ning contests with their weighty oars 
 P'our galleys, chosen out of all the fleet. 
 The wingy Pristis Mnestheus drives with 
 
 crew 
 Of mettle, — Mnestheus, an Italian soon, 
 From which his name the line of Memmius 
 
 [springs] ; 
 And Gyas huge Chimajra, of huge bulk, 
 A structure like a city, which with tier 17c 
 Threefold the Dardan youth force on ; the 
 
 oars 
 In triple rank arise ; Sergestus, too. 
 From wliom the Sergian house preserves it» 
 
 name. 
 Is in the mighty Centaur borne along ; 
 In sea-green Scylla, too, Cloanthus, whence 
 Thy pedigree, Cluentius son of Rome. 
 
 There lies afar within the main a rock, 
 Afront the foamy shores, which, under-sunk 
 At times, is by the swelling billows lashed. 
 When wintry north-west winds eclipse the 
 stars. 180 
 
 When calm 'tis hushed, and from th' un- 
 ruffled wave 
 A level is uplifted, e'en a rest. 
 Thrice-welcome to the divers loving sun. 
 Here sire .^neas reared a goal of green, 
 [Formed] out of leafy ilex, to the crews 
 A mark, whence they might know to turn 
 
 them back. 
 And when to veer around their longsome 
 
 course. 
 Their stations then by lot do they select ; 
 The captains, too, themselves upon the 
 
 stems 
 
 With gold and purple graced, gleam forth 
 
 afar. 190 
 
 The other youth in poplar leaf are dressed. 
 
 And, o'er their naked shoulders smeared 
 
 with oil. 
 Begin to shine. Down sit they on the 
 
 thwarts. 
 And arms are strained to oars. Upon the 
 
 stretch 
 They wait the sign, and drains their bound- 
 ing hearts 
 A throbbing tremor, and ambitious lust 
 Of praises. Then, what time the shrilly 
 
 trump 
 Gave forth its clang, from their own sta- 
 tions all, — 
 There's no delay, — sprang forward : strikes 
 
 the sky 
 The sailor-shout ; by indrawn arms con- 
 vulsed, 200 
 
 X70. Or : " The labor of a dty ;" for no one 
 seems to know which meaning was in the poet's 
 mind when he penned the ambiguous phrase, Urbis 
 oJ>us. 
 
156 
 
 V. 141 — 169. 
 
 THE yENEID. 
 
 V. 170 — 195. 
 
 The waters foam ; in measure plough they 
 
 in 
 The furrows, and throughout asunder yawns, 
 Uptorn by oars and trident beaks, the sea. 
 In no such hurry in the two-horse race 
 Have chariots seized the field, and dash 
 
 amain 
 When started from the goal ; nor charioteers 
 O'er yokes, thus darting, shook the waving 
 
 reins, 
 And, bending forwards, o'er the lashes hang. 
 Then with the clapping and hurrah of men, 
 And zeal of cheerers, every grove rings out 
 In concert, and the voice th' imprisoned 
 
 shores 211 
 
 Volley along ; the stricken hills with shout 
 Rebound. Shoots forth ahead before the 
 
 rest, 
 And glides away upon the foremost waves. 
 Amid the hurly and the din, Gyas ; whom 
 
 next 
 Cloanth pursues, superior in his oars ; 
 But ties him by its weight his plodding pine. 
 Astern of these, at even interval, 
 Pristis and Centaur struggle to secure 
 The leading place. And [this] now Pristis 
 
 holds ; 220 
 
 Now, worsted, giant Centaur by her slips ; 
 Now both abreast and with linked stems are 
 
 borne. 
 And plough with lengthful keel the briny 
 
 seas. 
 And they were now approaching to the rock, 
 And gaining goal, when Gyas in the van. 
 And in mid sea the winner, with his voice 
 Accosts Menoetes, helmsman of his ship : 
 ♦' Pray whither on the right dost swerve so 
 
 far? 
 Steer hitherward a passage ! Hug the shore. 
 And let thy blade the crags upon the left 
 Graze close ; the deep let others keep !" 
 
 He said: 231 
 
 But, dreading hidden rocks, Menoetes veers 
 His bow aside to billows of the main. 
 ** Whither art thou departing wide away? 
 Make for the rocks, Menoetes !" with a 
 
 shout 
 Gyas once more recalled him : and, behold ! 
 He views Cloanthus bearing down astern. 
 And holding closer. Th' other, e'en be- 
 tween 
 The ship of Gyas and the booming rocks, 
 
 228. Mihi, V. 162, is of course the dativus ethicus, 
 but so thoroughly idiomatical, that a literal trans- 
 lation of it would involve an intolerable, and scarce 
 intelligible, weakness. Under the circumstances in 
 which it appears, some such term as " pray " would 
 probably be used in English, and it is therefore 
 introduced ; but it is not offered as a correct 
 translation. 
 
 Shaves, further in, a course upon the left. 
 And in a trice the leader passes by, 241 
 And gains safe seas, — the goal behind him 
 
 left. 
 Then sooth up kindled in the stripling's 
 
 bones 
 Tow'ring vexation, neither did his cheeks 
 Lack tears ; and he the slow Menoetes, 
 Forgetful of his dignity alike. 
 And of his comrades' safety, on the sea 
 Down tumbles headlong from the lofty stem. 
 Himself the steersman'to the helm succeeds, 
 Himself the captain ; and he cheers the 
 
 crew, 250 
 
 And turns the rudder-handle to the shores. 
 But when, encumbered, from the lowest bed 
 [Of ocean] he is scarce at last restored. 
 Now old, and dripping in his reeking gear, 
 Menoetes seeks the summit of the rock, 
 And on an arid crag sat down. At him, 
 Both |as he falls and swims, the Teucri 
 
 laughed. 
 And laugh as he disgorges from his chest 
 The briny waters. Here a joyous hope 
 Was lighted up within the hindmost pair, 
 Sergestus [e'en] and Mnestheus, to pass 
 
 by 261 
 
 The lagging Gyas. Seizes first the space 
 Sergestus, and the rock approaches : still 
 Nor by a whole preceding keel was he 
 The foremost, — foremost by a part ; — a part 
 His rival Pristis presses with her beak. 
 But, midship pacing down among his men 
 Themselves, does Mnestheus cheer them on: 
 
 ' ' Now ! now ! 
 Uprise ye to your oars, Hectorean mates, 
 Whom I in Troy's last destiny chose out 
 My comrades ; now those energies put forth, 
 Now spirits [those], which in Gaetulia's 
 
 Syrts _ 272 
 
 Ye exercised, and in Ionia's sea, 
 And Malea's coursing waves. I, Mnestheus, 
 
 now 
 The leading [prizes] do not seek, nor aim 
 To win ! yet oh ! — but those let gain the 
 
 day, 
 
 244. " But 'tis a grief of fury, not despair ! 
 And if a manly drop or two fall down. 
 It scalds along my cheeks, like the green wood. 
 That sputt'ring in the flame works outward into 
 tears." Dryden, Cleomenes, i. i. 
 
 256. " I feel a hand of mercy lift me up 
 Out of a world of waters, and now sets me 
 Upon a mountain, where the sun plays most, 
 To cheer my heart, even as it dries my limbs." 
 Middleton, No Wit like a Woitiati's, ii. 3. 
 Where he probably might have thought with 
 Colax, in Randolph's Muses' Looking-Glass, iii. 3 : 
 " He's a good friend will pardon his friend's errors. 
 But he's a better takes no notice of them." 
 
V. 195—321. 
 
 BOOK V, 
 
 T. 221—242. 
 
 157 
 
 To whom, O Neptune, thou hast this vouch- 
 safed : 
 Shame be it to have come in last ! This 
 
 win, 
 My countrymen, and bid the crime avaunt !" 
 They in the height of struggle forward bend: 
 With giant strokes the bronze-bound galley 
 
 thrills, 281 
 
 And, underneath, the surface is withdrawn. 
 Then quick-repeated panting shakes their 
 
 joints, 
 And droughty lips ; sweat flows in runnels 
 
 down 
 On every side. Mere chance the heroes 
 
 brought 
 The wished-for fame. For, frenzied in his 
 
 soul. 
 While towards the rocks Sergestus further in 
 Close drives his stem, and threads th' un- 
 righteous space, 
 Ill-starred, he stuck upon the jutting rocks. 
 Shocked were the cliffs, and on a pointed 
 
 crag 290 
 
 The struggling oars asunder snapped aloud, 
 And, dashed against it, hung the bow. Up 
 
 spring 
 The crew together, and with thund'ring 
 
 shout 
 They force aback ; and stakes with iron 
 
 shod, 
 And poles with sharpened end, do they 
 
 produce, 
 And gather in the gulf the broken oars. 
 But Mnestheus blithe, and through success 
 
 itself 
 The more alert, with fleet advance of oars, 
 And winds invoked, the easy waters seeks, 
 And runs along upon the open sea. 300 
 As, in a cavern on a sudden roused, 
 A dove, whose home and charming nestlings 
 
 [lie] 
 Within a shroud-abounding pumice rock, 
 Is AVafted to the fields upon the wing. 
 And, startled, with her pinions in the vault 
 A mighty flapping does she raise ; anon, 
 Gliding athwart the calmy air, she skims 
 A limpid course, nor stirs her nimble wings : 
 Thus Mnestheus, thus the Pristis' self, in 
 
 flight 
 Cuts through the utmost seas ; thus, as she 
 
 scuds, 310 
 
 Her very moment carries her along. 
 And first Sergestus does he leave behind, 
 As he is struggling on the lofty rock 
 
 288. That is : " scanty." 
 
 298. Or : agfttine celeri, " rapid line." 
 
 313. A/fo, V. 220, seems scarcely a well-chosen 
 
 term, as the rock appears to have been of no height ; 
 
 in fact, nu more than barely emergent. 
 
 And scanty shoals, and vainly calling aid. 
 And learning to career with broken oars. 
 Thence Gyas, and Chimaera's self, of bulk 
 Colossal, overtakes he : she gives way. 
 Since of her pilot she has been bereft. 
 And now alone, upon the very goal, 
 Cloanthus is ahead : whom he pursues 320 
 And presses, struggling with his might and 
 
 main. 
 Then sooth redoubles shout, and one and 
 
 all 
 Spur on the chaser with their zealous cheers, 
 And rings again the welkin with their peals. 
 These deem it a disgrace, should they not 
 
 keep 
 Their rightful honor and the glory gained. 
 And life are willing to exchange for praise. 
 Those their success supports : they have the 
 
 power, 
 Since pow'r they seem to have. And haply 
 
 they 
 With even beaks the prizes would have 
 ta'en, 330 
 
 Had not, both hands outstretching to the 
 
 deep, 
 Cloanth alike his prayers outpoured, an/ 
 
 called 
 The deities to [share] his vows : * ' Ye gods 
 To whom belongs the lordship of the main, 
 Across whose seas I run, for you with joy 
 I on this strand a snowy bull will set 
 Before your altars, debtor to my vow. 
 And entrails on the briny waves cast forth. 
 And spill the fluid wines." He said ; and 
 
 him 
 Beneath the deepest waves heard all the 
 choir 340 
 
 Of Nereids, and of Phorcus, and the maid 
 Panope ; and the sire Portunus' self 
 With giant hand impelled him as he speeds. 
 She, quicker than south blast and wingy 
 shaft. 
 
 328. Possunt quia posse videntur, v. 231. This 
 does not appear to be a very felicitous remark in 
 this place ; ior the hos were beaten. Taken strictly, 
 it is false; taken loosely, it does not apply, it 
 might, to be sure, be true to say, that, in their own 
 estimation, 
 
 " They can, because they seem as if they could:" 
 but this turns what is generally considered to be a 
 wise and terse saying into a very dull observation. 
 Compare Beaumont and Fletcher, Fhilaster, ii. i : 
 
 " Think so, and 'tis so." 
 Also Dryden, Cleomenes, i. i : 
 " Peace, peace, good grandmother, he lives already. 
 And conquers, too, in saying he will try." 
 And Rowe, Ambitious Stepmother, i. : 
 " The wise and active conquer difficulties 
 By daring to attempt 'em : sloth and folly 
 Shiver and shrink at sight of toil and hazard. 
 And make th' impo:jsibility they fcai." 
 
158 
 
 V. 243 — 266. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 267 — 289. 
 
 Flies to the land, and in the haven deep 
 Herself she harbored. Then Anchises' 
 
 son, — 
 The throng all summoned in accustomed 
 
 form, — 
 The winner, by a herald's lusty voice, 
 Cloanth pronounces, and with verdant bay 
 Betrims his brows ; and presents for the 
 
 ships, 350 
 
 Three bullocks each, and wines he grants 
 
 to choose, 
 And carry off a silver-talent vast. 
 Special distinctions on the captains' selves 
 Confers he : on the winner, wrought in 
 
 gold, 
 A cloak, round which in double waving line 
 Full much of Meliboean purple ran ; 
 And, interwove therein, the royal boy 
 On leafy Ida tires the nimble stags 
 With dart and chase, alert, like one that 
 
 pants, 
 Whom Jove's fleet armor-bearer, wafted 
 
 high 360 
 
 From Ida, kidnapped in his hooky claws : 
 Aged guards their hands stretch idly to the 
 
 stars. 
 And storms the bay of hounds upon the 
 
 gales. 
 But who next held in prowess second rank, — 
 To him a coat of mail, with burnished rings 
 Enlinked, and triply laced with gold, which 
 
 he 
 Himself had from Demoleos reft away, 
 In conquest by the ravening Simois, 
 'Neath stately Ilium, on the hero he 
 Bestows to wear, an honor and safeguard 
 In arms. This scarcely bore, of many a fold, 
 Phegeus and Sagaris, the serving men, 372 
 Sore straining with their shoulders ; but 
 
 [therein] 
 Bedight, Demoleos erst would rout in chase 
 The straggling Trojans. Gifts the third he 
 
 makes 
 Twain basins [wrought] of bronze, and 
 
 drinking-boats, 
 
 359. " One like Actaeon, peeping through the grove. 
 Shall by the angry goddess be transform'd, 
 And, running in the likeness of an hart, 
 By yelping hounds puU'd down, shall seem to die." 
 Marlowe, Edward II. 
 
 362. " Twice was he scene in soaring eagles shape. 
 And with wide winges to beat the buxome ayre : 
 Once, when he with Asterie did scape ; 
 Againe, when as the Trojane boy so fayre 
 He snatcht from Ida hill, and with him bare : 
 Wo ndrous delight it was there to behould 
 How the rude shepheards after him did stare, 
 Trembling through feare least down he fallen 
 
 should, , ,j ,, 
 
 And often calling to him to take surer hoald. 
 
 Spenser, Faerie Queene, iii. 11, 34. 
 
 In silver finished, and with figures crisp. 
 And thus now guerdoned all, and in their 
 
 wealth 
 Elate, brow-wreathed with purple bands, 
 
 they paced : 
 When from the felon rock with ample skill 
 Scarce wrenched,— oars missing, and dis- 
 abled in one tier, — 381 
 His flouted ship, without repute, Sergest 
 Was working on. As oft a snake, sur- 
 prised 
 Upon the elevation of a road. 
 O'er whom athwart the bronze-shod wheel 
 
 hath passed. 
 Or, heavy with his blow, [some] passenger 
 Hath left half-dead, and mangled with a 
 
 stone, — 
 All vainly flying, with his body forms 
 Extended wreaths ; in [one] part truculent, 
 And blazing with his eyes, and rearing high 
 His hissing neck ; part, crippled by the 
 wound, 391 
 
 Firm holds him back, while resting on his 
 
 knots. 
 And coiling up his form on his own limbs. 
 With such like oarage was the plodding 
 
 bark 
 Advancing : still her sails she sets. 
 And enters in full sail the [harbor's] mouth. 
 yEneas with the promised gift presents 
 Sergestus, blithe at rescue of his ship. 
 And mates returned. To him a female 
 
 slave 
 Is giv'n, not wareless of Minerva's works, 
 Pholoe, a Crete by race, twin sons, too, 
 at her breast. 401 
 
 This contest closed, the good ^Eneas 
 moves 
 On to a grassy level, which the woods 
 Upon the winding hills on every side 
 Imbowered, and in centre of the dale 
 The cirque [as] of a theatre there lay ; 
 
 387. " We have scotched the snake, not killed it." 
 Shakespeare, Macbeth, iii. 2. 
 
 391. " Behind the general mends his weary pace. 
 
 And sullenly to his revenge he sails : 
 So glides some trodden serpent on the grass, 
 
 And long behind his wounded volume trails." _ 
 Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, cxxiii. 
 
 Falconer uses the image to illustrate a very dif- 
 ferent fact ; Shipwreck, iii. 2 : 
 " Awhile the mast, in ruins dragg'd behind, _ 
 Balanc'd th' impression of the helm and wind : 
 The wounded serpent, agoniz'd with pain,_ 
 Thus trails his mangled volume on the plain." 
 406. " In a pleasant glade 
 
 With mountaines rownd about environed 
 And mightie woodes, which did the valley shade, 
 And like a stately theatre it made,_ 
 Spreading itself into a spatious plaine." 
 
 Spenser, F. Q., iii. 5, 39. 
 
V. a 89 — 309. 
 
 BOOK V, 
 
 V. 309—334. 
 
 159 
 
 Whither, along with many a thousand men, 
 Kcpaired the hero, in th' assemblage [he] 
 I he midmost, and upon a seat upraised 
 lie sat him down. With prizes here he 
 woos 410 
 
 The spirits, who may haply list to strive 
 In nimble foot-race, and the guerdons sets. 
 P'rom all sides flock the Teucrians and 
 
 mixed 
 Sicilians : Nisus and Euryalus 
 The foremost [candidates] ; Euryalus, 
 Marked for his beauty and a blooming 
 
 youth ; 
 Nisus, for chaste affection for the boy. 
 Whom next there followed, royal [ly de- 
 rived] 
 From Priam's peerless stock, Diores : him 
 Salius, and with him Patron, of whom one 
 An Acarnanian was, the other [born] 421 
 From Arcad blood of Tegeoean strain. 
 Then two Sicilian striplings, Helymus 
 And Panopes, inured to woods, the aged 
 Acestes' comrades : many a one beside, 
 W^hom fame hath in her mystery concealed. 
 Amidst of whom then thus yEneas spake : 
 * ' These welcome in your minds, and turn 
 
 thereto 
 Your glad attention. Of this throng shall 
 
 none 
 Withdraw, by me unguerdoned. I will 
 give 430 
 
 Twain Gnosian missiles, bright with burn- 
 ished steel, 
 And, silver-chased, a battle-axe to bear : 
 This one distinction shall there be for all. 
 The foremost triad prizes shall receive, 
 
 " And overhead 
 Insuperable highth of loftiest shade, 
 Cedar, and pine, and fir, and branching palm, 
 A silvan scene ; and, as the ranks ascend 
 Shade above shade, a woody theatre 
 Of stateliest view." Milton, P. L., iii. 
 
 " 'Twas an horrid pile 
 Of hills, with many a shaggy forest mix'd, 
 With many a sable cliff and glittering stream. 
 Aloft, recumbent o'er the hanging ridge. 
 The brown woods wav'd ; while ever-trickling 
 
 springs 
 Wash'd from the naked roots of oak and pine 
 The crumbling soil ; and still at every fall 
 Down the steep windings of the channel'd rock 
 Remurmuring rush'd the congregated floods 
 With hoarser inundation ; till at last 
 They reach'd a grassy plain, which from the skirts 
 Of that high desert spread her verdant lap, 
 And drank the gushing moisture, where, confin'd 
 In one smooth current, o'er the lilied vale 
 Clearer than glass it flow'd. Autumnal spoils. 
 Luxuriant spreading to the rays of morn, 
 Blush'd o'er the cliffs, whose half-encircling mound 
 As in a sylvan theatre enclos'd 
 That flowery level." 
 
 AkcnsXA^, Pleasures 0/ the ImagtMatioH, u. 274- 
 292. 
 
 And with the yellow olive round their head 
 Be bound. The leading winner let possess 
 A courser, badged with trappings j let the 
 
 next 
 An Amazonian quiver, aye and full 
 Of Thracian arrows, which with breadth of 
 
 gold 
 A belt embraces, and a buckle clasps 440 
 IJeneath with rounded jewel ; let the third 
 With this Argolic helm retire content." 
 When these were said their station take 
 
 they up, 
 And in a moment, on a signal heard, 
 Seize on the stages, and the barrier quit, 
 Forth flushing like a show'r : the furthest 
 
 [bounds] 
 At once they mark. Ahead starts off, and 
 
 far 
 'Fore all the rest shoots Nisus forth, more 
 
 fleet 
 Than e'en the winds and levin-wings. Next 
 
 him, 
 But with a lengthened interval the next, 450 
 On presses Salius ; with a distance left, 
 Then after him Euryalus the third ; 
 And Helymus Euryalus pursues ; 
 Close on whose very person next, lo I flies. 
 And heel now chafes with heel, Diores, 
 
 pressing 
 Upon his shoulder ; and, if there remained 
 More stages he might pass him, stealing off 
 The leader, and [the issue] leave in doubt. 
 And now well-nigh the limit of the stage. 
 And, wearied, hard upon the very bound 
 Were they arriving ; when on slippery 
 
 blood 461 
 
 Slides ill-starred Nisus, where from 
 
 butchered steers 
 It, spilled by chance, the ground and 
 
 em'rald grass 
 Had wetted from above. 'Twas here the 
 
 youth. 
 Now conqueror triumphant, failed to keep 
 His steps, that staggered on the trampled 
 
 ground ; 
 But headlong, both upon the filthy soil. 
 And hallowed gore itself, he toppled down. 
 He still, not mindless of Euryalus, 
 
 448. "Every body" is not quite so dignified in 
 English as omnia corpora in Latin. 
 ;. 457. The poet himself is as ambiguous here as he 
 hypothetically intended the issue to be. 
 469. " The trees grow up, and mix together freely. 
 The oak not envious of tne sailing cedar. 
 The lusty vine not iealous of the ivy 
 Because she clips the elm ; the flowers shoot up. 
 And wantonly kiss one another hourly, 
 This blossom glorying in the other's beauty. 
 And yet they smell as sweet, and look as lo\-ely." 
 Fletcher, Lover's Progrtst, x. x. 
 
i6o 
 
 V. 334—358. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 '^^ 358—386. 
 
 Nor of their loves : for planted he himself 
 In face of S alius, rising through the slime : 
 But lay the other, whirled on clotted sand. 
 On shoots Euryalus, and, conqueror 473 
 By service of his friend, first place he holds, 
 And flies with clap and favoring acclaim. 
 Next Helymus comes up, and now third 
 
 palm, 
 Diores. Here the whole assembled throng 
 Of the vast hollow, and the sires' front view. 
 With lusty cries does Salius fill, and claims 
 That his distinction, filched away by craft. 
 Should be restored him. Guards Euryalus 
 His popularity and graceful tears ; 482 
 
 More winning, too, the merit, when it 
 
 comes 
 In a fair form. His help affords, and loud 
 Shouts forth with thund'ring voice Diores, 
 
 who 
 Has to a palm succeeded; and in vain 
 Has reached the final prizes, if the first 
 Distinctions upon Salius are bestowed. 
 Then sire iEneas saith : **Your gifts to 
 
 you 
 Secure abide, O youths, and from its rank 
 None stirs a palm : to me be it allowed 
 To pity my unfaulty friend's mishap." 492 
 Thus having said, an Afric lion's hide. 
 Immense, to Salius gives he, burdensome 
 With shag and gilded claws. Here Nisus 
 
 cries : 
 ** If for the worsted be such fine rewards. 
 And thou dost feel compassion for the fallen. 
 What worthy gifts wilt thou to Nisus grant, 
 Who have by merit earned the leading 
 
 crown. 
 Had not the [same] unfriendly fortune me. 
 The which hath Salius, swept [therefrom] 
 
 away?" 501 
 
 And at the same time with these words he 
 
 showed 
 His face and limbs, befouled with soaking 
 
 soil. 
 
 482. " Graceful ;" or " decent." 
 Macbeth says of himself : 
 
 " I have bought 
 Golden opinions from all sorts of people." Act i. 7. 
 
 " Hear, ye fair daughters of this happy land. 
 Whose radiant eyes the vanquish'd world com- 
 mand, 
 Virtue is beauty : but when charms of mind 
 With elegance of outward form are join'd, 
 When youth makes such bright objects still more 
 
 bright. 
 And fortune sets them in the strongest light ; 
 'Tis all of Heaven that we below may view, 
 And all, but adoration, is your due." 
 
 Young, Force of Religion, i. 9-16. 
 
 >92. 
 
 'Tis something to be pitied of a king." 
 
 Marlowe, Edward the Second. 
 
 The sire thrice-worthy smiled at him, and 
 
 bade 
 A buckler forth be brought, the art on art 
 Of Didymaon, from the holy gate 
 Of Neptune by the Greeks plucked down : 
 
 with this 
 Choice boon the peerless youth does he 
 
 present. 
 Thereon, when were the races closed, 
 
 and he 
 Went through [the distribution of] the gifts : 
 " Now if there valor be in any wight, 511 
 And ready resolution in his breast, 
 Let him appear and raise aloft his arms, 
 With [cestus-] banded hands." He thus- 
 wise speaks. 
 And of the fight the double prize lays 
 
 down ; — 
 A bullock for the conqu'ror decked in gold 
 And wreaths ; a falcion and distinguished 
 
 helm. 
 As comforts for the conquered. No delay ! 
 Straight Dares rears his front with giant 
 
 powers. 
 And lifts him with the vast applause of 
 
 men : 520 
 
 He who alone was customed to maintain 
 The conflict against Paris ; and the same 
 Fast by the tomb, where greatest Hector 
 
 lies, 
 The conqu'ror Butes of colossal frame. 
 Who in descent from the Bebiycian race 
 Of Amycus did vaunt him, felled to earth, 
 And stretched him dying on the tawny sand. 
 Such Dares for the op'ning combat lifts 
 His stately head, and shows his shoulders 
 
 broad, 
 And, arms outstretching, tosses them by 
 
 turns, 530 
 
 And with his buffets cuffs the gales. For 
 
 him 
 There is another sought : nor is there one 
 Out of a host so great makes bold to meet 
 The man, and draw the gauntlets on his 
 
 hands. 
 Therefore alert, and deeming one and all 
 Held from the palm aloof, he stood before . 
 yEneas' feet ; nor making more demur, 
 Then with the left hand seizes by his horn 
 The bull, and speaks on this wise : 
 
 " Goddess-born, 
 If no one dares to trust him to the fray, 540 
 What period to my standing [here] ? How 
 
 long 
 Is it becoming I should be delayed ? 
 Bid me lead off" my guerdon." One and all 
 At once with voice the Dardans cheered, 
 
 and begged 
 That to the hero should be given up 
 
V. 386 — 40<5- 
 
 BOOK V. 
 
 V. 406—434. 
 
 z6i 
 
 [The prizes] that were pledged. Severely 
 
 here 
 Acestes chides Entellus with his speech, 
 As next upon the emerald couch of turf 
 Along with him he sat : '* Entellus, erst 
 Of champions gallantest without avail, 550 
 Such noble gifts, in so submissive mood, 
 With naught of struggle, to be carried off 
 Wilt thou allow? "Where now that god of 
 
 our's, 
 Thy master, Eryx, chronicled in vain ? 
 Where thy renown throughout all Sicily, 
 And those thy trophies hanging from thy 
 
 roofs ?" 
 He quick to these : ** Not love of praise, 
 
 nor fame. 
 Hath yielded, banished by alarm ; but 
 
 sooth, 
 Ice-cold through sluggish eld, my blood is 
 
 dull, 
 And pow'rs worn-out are freezing in my 
 
 frame. 560 
 
 If I, — what I had whilom, and wherein 
 That caitiff yonder trusting brags, — if now 
 I had that youth, not sooth by prize 
 Allured, and by a lovely bull, would I 
 Have come : nor do I of the guerdons 
 
 reck." 
 Thus having said, thereon he in the midst 
 A pair of gauntlets of stupendous weight 
 Flung down, wherein fierce Eryx for the 
 
 frays 
 Was used to wield his hand, and strain his 
 
 arms 
 Within the stubborn hide. Their souls were 
 
 in amaze : 570 
 
 Of such huge oxen sev'n prodigious hides 
 Were stiff with lead and iron stitched 
 
 within. 
 'Fore all is Dares wonder-struck himself. 
 
 559. " Vilarezo 
 
 Was once, as you are, sprightly, and though I say it, 
 
 Maintain'd my father's reputation, 
 
 And honour of our house, with actions 
 
 Worthy our name and family ; but now. 
 
 Time hath let fall cold snow upon my hairs, 
 
 Plough'd on my brows the furrows of his anger, 
 
 Disfumish'd me of active blood, and wrapt me 
 
 Half in my sear-cloth." 
 
 Shirley, Maid's Revenge, i. 2. 
 
 561. " Age has not yet 
 
 So shrunk my sinews, or so chill'd my veins. 
 
 But conscious virtue in my breast remains. 
 
 But had I now 
 
 That strength, with which my boiling youth was 
 
 fraught ; 
 When in the vale of Balasor I fought. 
 And from Bengale their captive monarch brought ; 
 When elephant 'gainst elephant did rear 
 His trunk, and castles justl'd in the air ; 
 My sword the way to victory had shown. 
 And ow'd the conquest to itself alone." 
 
 Dryden, Aurungsebe, act, ii. 
 
 And far aloof declines ; and, great of soul, 
 The offspring of Anchises both the weight. 
 And very folds enormous of the hides. 
 To this side, and to that, turns o'er ami 
 
 o'er. 
 Thereon the ag^d [hero] such like words 
 Fetched from his bosom : *' What if one 
 
 had seen 
 The gloves and arms of Hercules himself, 
 And the sad combat on this very strand? 
 These arms thy brother Eryx whilom wore ; 
 (With blood thou seest and spattered brains 
 
 yet dyed ;) 583 
 
 In these against the great Alcides stood ; 
 To these was I inured, while better blood 
 Imparted strength, nor yet did jealous eld, 
 On both my temples sprent, wax grey. 
 
 But if 
 The Trojan Dares these our arms declines, 
 And this with good vEneas is resolved. 
 My counsellor Acestes sanctions [this], 590 
 The combats let us even make. The hides 
 Of Eryx I for thee forego, — dismiss 
 Thy fears, — and thou 3iy Trojan gauntlets 
 
 doff." 
 These having said, he flung a double robe 
 From off his shoulders ; and his limbs huge 
 
 joints, 
 His monstrous bones and shoulders, laid he 
 
 bare. 
 And stood a giant on the central sand. 
 Then did the father, from Anchises sprung, 
 Bring forward even gauntlets, and entwined 
 The hands of both with weapons of a size. 
 Straight each erect on tiptoe stood, and 
 
 reared 601 
 
 His arms undaunted to the gales above. 
 Far backward from the blow their lofty 
 
 heads 
 Withdrew they, and commingle hands with 
 
 hands, 
 And goad the fray : in nimbleness of feet 
 Superior one, and trusting in his youth ; 
 The other, powerful in limbs and bulk, 
 But 'neath the trembler totter sluggish 
 
 knees ; 
 Asthmatic panting shakes his giant joints. 
 The champions 'tween them bandy many a 
 
 stroke 610 
 
 All vainly, many on their hollow side 
 Redouble they, and from their chest give 
 
 forth 
 
 587, He might truly have said with Amydas in 
 Ford's Broken Heart, i. 2 : 
 
 " See lords, Amyclas your king is cnt'ring 
 Into his youth again. I shall shake off 
 This silver badge of age, and change this snow 
 For hairs as gay as are Apollo's locks ; 
 Our heart leaps in new vigour." 
 
 M 
 
I62 
 
 V. 435—452. 
 
 THE 'AlNEID. 
 
 V. 453—472. 
 
 Prodigious crashes, and around their ears 
 And temples wanders the repeated hand ; 
 Their cheeks are crackling 'neath the iron 
 
 blow. 
 Stands in his weight Entellus, and, un- 
 stirred 
 In the same posture, merely with his frame. 
 And eyes upon the watch, the strokes 
 
 escapes. 
 The other, as who storms a stately town 
 With enginery, or round the mountain 
 towers ' 620 
 
 Sits under arms, now these, now inlets 
 
 those. 
 And all the ground, with skilfulness ex- 
 plores, 
 And with diverse assaults in vain persists. 
 Entellus, rising up, his right hand showed. 
 And lifted it aloft : the other quick 
 Foresaw the buffet swooping from above, 
 And, with his nimble body slipped aside, 
 
 withdrew. 
 His strength Entellus squandered on the 
 
 wind, 
 And, self-moved, heavy he, and heavily, 
 Himself to earth with vasty weight falls 
 down ; 630 
 
 As sometimes in its hollowness down falls 
 Either on Erymanth or Ida vast, 
 From roots upwrenched, a fir. Together 
 
 rise 
 In zeal the Trojans and Sicilia's youth : 
 Ascends their outcry to the heav'n ; and 
 
 first 
 Acestes hurries up, and from the ground 
 Uplifts in pity his coeval friend. 
 
 626. Spenser makes even the wind created by a 
 
 giant's blow of terrific energy : 
 
 " The geaunt strooke so maynly mercilesse. 
 That could have overthrowne a stony towre ; 
 
 \ And, were not hevenly grace that did him blesse, 
 He had been pouldred all, as thin as flowre ; 
 But he was wary of that deadly stowre, 
 And lightly lept from underneath the blow ; 
 Yet so exceeding was the villein's powre, 
 That with the winde it did him overthrow, 
 And all his sences stoond, that still he lay full 
 low." F. Q., i. 7, 12. 
 
 628, Marlowe has a different image : 
 " And make your strokes to wound the senseless 
 light." Tamburlaine the Great, iii. 3. 
 
 631. Spenser illustrates such a fall in no common- 
 place way : 
 " As when a vulture greedie of his pray. 
 
 Through hunger long that hart to him doth lend, 
 Strikes at an heron with all his bodies sway, 
 That from his force seemes nought may it defend ; 
 The warie fowl, that spies him toward bend 
 His dreadfull souse, avoydes it, shunning light. 
 And maketh him his wing in vaine to spend ; 
 That with the weight of his own weeldlesse might 
 He falleth nigh to ground, and scarse recovereth 
 flight." F. Q., iv. 3. 
 
 But not foreslowed, nor daunted by his fall, 
 
 The hero fiercer to the fight returns, 
 
 And wrath wakes strength. Then kindles 
 
 might his shame, 640 
 
 And conscious prowess, and he hotly hunts 
 The headlong Dares all throughout the 
 
 plain. 
 Now with the right hand blows redoubling, 
 
 now 
 E'en with the left. Nor stay, nor rest : as 
 
 storms 
 With plenteous hail on housetops rattle, — so 
 With crowding blows the hero with each 
 
 hand 
 Oft smites and chases Dares. Then the sire 
 ^neas, wrath to go to further lengths, 
 Entellus, too, to fume with soul of gall, 
 Permitted not, but put an end to fight, 650 
 And fainting Dares rescued, soothing him 
 With words, and speaks the like : " Un- 
 happy man ! 
 What such wild frenzy seized thy soul ? 
 
 Dost thou 
 Not feel his strength is foreign, and the 
 
 powers 
 Of heav'n are changed ? Submit thee to a 
 
 god !" He said : 
 And straight broke off their combats with 
 
 the speech. 
 But him his trusty peers, as weakly knees 
 He drags, and flings to either side his head, 
 And from his mouth discharges clotted gore, 
 And teeth in blood commingled, to the 
 
 ships 660 
 
 Conduct ; and, summoned, helm and sword 
 
 receive ; 
 
 643. Ille, V. 457, does not admit of a close 
 translation. 
 
 " So they 
 Doubly redoubled strokes upon the foe." 
 
 Shakespeare, Macbeth, i. 2. 
 
 645. " Yet nought thereof was Triamond adredde, 
 Ne desperate of glorious victorie ; 
 But sharpely him assayld, and sore bestedde 
 With heapes of strokes, which he at him let flie 
 As thicke as hayle forth poured from the skie : 
 He stroke, he soust, he foynd, he hewd, he lasht. 
 And did his yron brond so fast applie. 
 That from the same the fierie sparkles flasht. 
 As fast as water-sprinkles gainst a rocke are dasht." 
 Spenser, F. Q., iv. 3, 25. 
 
 654. This argument was used by Duessa to San- 
 sioy, but without effect : 
 " ' Yea but,' quoth she, ' he beares a charmed 
 
 shield. 
 And eke enchaunted armes, that none can perce ; 
 Ne none can wound the man, that does them 
 
 wield.' 
 * Charmd or enchaunted,' answered he then ferce, 
 ' I no whitt reck ; ne you the like need to 
 
 reherce.' " F. Q., i. 4, 50. 
 
 656. Such seems to be the force of qite, et. 
 
Y. 473—497. 
 
 BOOK K. 
 
 V. 498—537. 
 
 i6s 
 
 The palm and bull resign t' Entellus. Here 
 The conqueror, triumphant in his soul, 
 And with the bull elate, cries : ** Goddess- 
 bom, 
 And ye, O Teucer's sons, learn these, — alike 
 What were my powers in a youthful frame. 
 And from what death recalled ye Dares 
 
 save. " 
 He said, and took his stand against the face 
 Of the confronted bull, which stood hard by 
 The guerdon of the fight, and, with right 
 
 hand 670 
 
 Drawn backward, full in centre of his horns 
 He poised the felon gauntlets, lifted high. 
 And dashed them on the bones, — the 
 
 brain burst ope. 
 Is felled, and lifeless, quiv'ring, sinks to 
 
 earth the ox. 
 He o'er him from his breast such words 
 
 outpours : 
 " This nobler life, O Eryx, I to thee 
 In lieu of Dares' death, repay ; a conqu'ror 
 
 here. 
 My gauntlets and my craft I lay aside." 
 Forthwith i^neas in the nimble shaft 
 Woos those to strive, who peradventure list, 
 And lays down prizes ; and with giant hand 
 A mast from out Serestus' ship uprears, 682 
 And on a cord, passed through, a winged 
 
 dove. 
 Whereto their weapons they may aim, he 
 
 hangs 
 From the tall mast. Together flocked the 
 
 men, 
 And th' in-cast lot a helm of bronze received. 
 And first, with fav'ring cheer, before them all 
 Leaps forth the station of Hippocoon, 
 The son of Hyrtacus : whom Mnestheus, 
 
 late 
 The winner in the naval strife, pur- 
 sues, — 690 
 Mnestheus, with verdant olive bound. 
 
 Eurytion third. 
 Thy brother, O thrice-glorious Pandar, 
 
 who, 
 Commanded erst to violate the league, 
 First hurled thy weapon in the midst of 
 
 Greeks. 
 
 666. " Old as I am, and quenched with scars and 
 
 sorrows. 
 Yet would I make this withered arm do wonders. 
 And open in an enemy such wounds 
 Mercy would weep to look on." 
 
 jf. Fletcher, Valentinian, iv. 4. 
 
 674. In the short space of nine lines, from v. 473- 
 481, Virgil uses taurus, juvencus, and bos of the 
 same beast : yet they all differ. 
 
 688. In this strong sense exit is used, Geo. \. v. 
 116. Consequitur,s. 494, therefore, must not be 
 rendered tamely. 
 
 The last, and at the bottom of the helm, 
 Acestes settled down, e'en venturing "he 
 With hand of his to try the toil of youths. 
 Then arch with lusty strength their buxom 
 
 bows 
 The heroes, each according to his might, 
 And from their quivers draw their weapons 
 
 forth. 700 
 
 And, foremost through the heav'n, with 
 
 twanging cord. 
 The shaft of young Hyrtacides disparts 
 The wingy gales, swoops straightway, and 
 
 is fixed 
 Within the timber of the fronting mast. 
 The mast it quivered, and the startled 
 
 bird 
 Betrayed her apprehension by her wings. 
 And every [spot] with mighty clapping 
 
 rang. 
 Next, active Mnestheus with his in-drawn 
 
 bow 
 Took up his stand, aloft directing aim, 
 And eyes and arrow levelled both at once. 
 But, pitiable, he the bird herself 711 
 
 Had not the power with the steel to strike : 
 The knots and flaxen ligatures he burst, 
 Wherewith she, foot-enfettered, from the 
 
 mast 
 On high was hanging. She to southern 
 
 gales. 
 And clouds of blackness, fled on wing 
 
 away. 
 Then quickly, long erewhile upon his bow, 
 In readiness, his weapons keeping stretched, 
 Eurytion called his brother to his vows. 
 As now he watched her blithe in empty 
 
 heaven ; 720 
 
 And, clapping with her wings, he pierced 
 
 the dove 
 Beneath a sable cloud. She breathless falls, 
 And leaves her life among th' empyreal 
 
 stars. 
 And as she falls brings home the fastened 
 
 shaft. 
 Palm missed, alone remained Acestes, who 
 Still shot his weapon to the airy gales, 
 The sire exhibiting alike his skill. 
 And ringing bow. Here offered is to view 
 A sudden prodigy, and doomed to prove 
 Of grave presage. The mighty issue [this I 
 Explained thereafter, and their late por- 
 tents 731 
 Alarming prophets sang. For, as it flies 
 Among the wat'ry clouds, the shaft took 
 
 fire, 
 And scored a pathway with the flames, and 
 
 spent, 
 To subtile winds withdrew : as oft, from 
 heaven 
 
 M 2 
 
164 
 
 V. 527—556. 
 
 THE yENEID. 
 
 V. 556—587. 
 
 Unsphered, athwart it shoot the flying 
 
 stars, 
 And tresses trail. With thunder-stricken 
 
 souls 
 Stood fixed, and supphcated heav'nly 
 
 powers, 
 The heroes of Trinacria and Troy, 
 Nor does thrice-great ^neas the portent 
 Decline ; but clasping glad Acestes, he 
 Loads him with handsome gifts, and speaks 
 the like : 742 
 
 "Sire, take them: for Olympus' mighty 
 
 king 
 Hath willed that thou, by such presage- 
 
 ments placed 
 Above the lot, the honors bear away. 
 This present of the aged Anchises' self 
 Shalt thou possess, — a bowl with figures 
 
 graved, 
 Which Thracian Cisseus whilom to my sire 
 Anchises for a noble gift had giv'n to bear. 
 Of his affection standing-proof and pledge." 
 Thus having spoken, he enrings his brows 
 With verdant bay, and at the head of all 
 The foremost conqueror Acestes names. 
 Nor does the good Eurytion grudge the 
 prize, 754 
 
 Bome off before him, though 'twas he alone 
 That from the lofty heav'n struck down the 
 
 bird. 
 Next stalks in guerdons he who burst the 
 
 bands ; 
 The last, who pierced with wingy bolt the 
 mast. 
 But sire ^neas, — not yet closed the 
 strife, — 
 To him the guardian and companion 
 [squire] 760 
 
 Of young lulus calls,— the son of Epytus ; 
 And thus bespeaks his confidential ear ; 
 "Go haste thee, and Ascanius (if he now 
 His boyish squadrons with him hath pre- 
 pared. 
 And the manoeuvres of their steeds ar- 
 ranged, ) 
 In honor of his grandsire, tell," saith he, 
 ' ' To bring his troops, and show himself in 
 
 arms." 
 Himself bids all the scattered throng with- 
 draw 
 From th' ample cirque, and open stand the 
 
 plains. 
 On march the boys, and 'fore their parents' 
 view 770 
 
 Shine uniformly on their bridled steeds : 
 Whom all the youth of Sicily and Troy, 
 As they advance, in admiration cheer. 
 The hair of all in customed form was 
 pressed 
 
 With shaven chaplet. Carry they a pair 
 Of cornel spear-shafts, tipped with steel ; a 
 
 part 
 Upon the shoulder burnished quivers ; runs 
 From summit of the chest, about the neck, 
 A pliant collar of entwisted gold. 
 Of riders companies in number three, 780 
 And commandants by threes pace to and 
 
 fro ; 
 The youths, each following in twelves, 
 
 with band 
 Divided gleam, with masters, too, alike. 
 One was aline of youths, which, triumphing. 
 The little Priam led, his grandsire's name 
 Recalling, thy illustrious descent, 
 Polites, doomed Italians to advance ; 
 Whom bears a Thracian horse of piebald 
 
 hue, 
 With blots of white, his forefoot fetlocks 
 
 white, 
 A brow, too, white displaying, tow'ring 
 
 high. 790 
 
 The second, Atys, whence the Atii 
 Of Rome their pedigree have carried 
 
 down ; — 
 The little Atys, e'en a boy beloved 
 By boy lulus. Last, and past them all 
 In figure lovely, is lulus borne 
 Upon a Sidon palfrey, which to him 
 The beauteous Dido had vouchsafed, to be 
 Of her affection standing-proof and pledge. 
 The other youths are on Sicilian steeds 
 Of aged Acestes carried. Welcome with 
 
 applause 800 
 
 The fearful lads, and as they gaze rejoice 
 The sons of Dardanus, and recognise 
 The features of their ancient sires. As soon 
 As all th' assemblage, and their [parents'] 
 
 eyes, . 
 Delighted they survey upon their steeds, 
 A signal to them by a shout, as they 
 Stood ready, gave the son of Epytus 
 From far, and sounded with his whip. 
 
 Apart 
 They shot [in] even [ranks], and troops by 
 
 threes 
 Broke up in sundered squadrons, and again, 
 When summoned, they their marches 
 
 wheeled about, 811 
 
 And hostile weapons tilted. Thereupon 
 Fresh charges they commence, and fresh 
 
 retreats, 
 Confronted on the grounds, and rings in 
 
 rings 
 Alternate they entangle, and awake 
 The mimicry of battle under arms. 
 And now their backs do they expose in 
 
 flight. 
 Now in hostility reverse their darts ; 
 
V. 587 — 6 10. 
 
 BOOK V. 
 
 V, 610—615. 
 
 165 
 
 Peace made, in company now ride. As erst, 
 'Tis said, the Labyrinth in lofty Crete 820 
 A passage had, inweaved with blinding 
 
 walls, 
 And, puzzling by a thousand ways, a cheat. 
 Where might annul the tokens of advance 
 Unmarked and irretrievable mistake. 
 In course none else the Teucri's sons their 
 
 steps 
 Involve, and weave their flights and frays 
 
 in sport ; 
 Like dolphins, which, in swimming through 
 
 dank seas. 
 Cut the Carpathian and the Libyan [main]. 
 And gambol through the waves. This 
 
 style of tilt, 
 And tourneys these, Ascanius first, what 
 
 time 830 
 
 Pie Alba Longa girt with walls, renewed. 
 And taught the ancient Latins to observe 
 In form wherein the boy himself, wherein 
 Troy's youth with him [observed it]. Th' 
 
 Albans taught 
 Their [sons] ; hence highest Rome in after 
 
 days 
 Received it, and the homage to their sires 
 Maintained ; and now it is entitled "Troy," 
 The boys " The Trojan Band." Thus far 
 
 the games 
 Were kept in honor of the sainted sire. 
 Here Fortune, shifted, altered first her 
 
 faith. 840 
 
 The while with diff 'rent pastimes by the 
 
 tomb 
 Are they observing annivers'ry [rites], 
 Saturnian Juno Iris sent from heaven 
 To Ilium's fleet, and as she hies she breathes 
 The winds upon her, stirring many [a 
 
 thought]. 
 Not yet englutted with her old revenge. 
 The other, hasting on her passage o'er 
 The bow with thousand hues, by none be- 
 held,— 
 
 820. Fletcher compares the world to a labyrinth : 
 " The world's a labyrinth, where unguided men 
 Walk up and down to find their weariness : 
 No sooner have we measur'd with much toil 
 The crooked path, with hope to gain our freedom. 
 But it betrays us to a new affliction." 
 
 The Ni^^ht- IValk^, iv. 6. 
 
 See Akenside, Pleasures of the Imagination, iii, 
 1-5- 
 
 840. " Daughter, thou seest how Fortune turns her 
 
 wheel. 
 We that but late were mounted up aloft, 
 LuH'd in the skirt of that inconstant Dame, 
 Are now thrown headlong by her ruthless hand. 
 To kiss that earth whereon our feet should stand." 
 Hey wood, Foure Frentises of London, i. i. 
 
 848. Spenser makes Clarion still gayer than Iris : 
 
 With nimble flight down posts the maid. 
 
 She views 
 The mighty throng, and scans the shores, 
 
 and sees 850 
 
 The ports abandoned, and the navy left 
 But, far secluded on the lonely beach, 
 The Trojan women wept Anchises lost, 
 And on the deep, deep sea all gazed in 
 
 tears. 
 
 " La.stly his shinie wings as silver bright. 
 Painted with thousand colours passmg farre 
 AH painters skill, he did about nim dight : 
 Not half so manie sundr ie colours arre 
 In Iris bowe ; ne Heaven doth shine so bright, 
 Distinguished with manie a twinckling starre ; 
 Nor Junoes bird, in her ey-spotted traine, 
 So manie goodly colours doth containe." 
 
 Muiopotmos, 12. 
 
 Milton grandly describes the descent of Raphael : 
 " Down thither prone in flight 
 He speeds, and through the vast eternal sky 
 Sails between worlds and worlds, with steady wing 
 Now on the polar winds, then with quick fan 
 Winnows the buxom air ; till, within soar 
 Of towering eagles, to all the fowls he seems 
 A phoenix, gazed by all as that sole bird. 
 When, to enshrine his reliques in the sun's 
 Bright temple, to Egyptian Thebes he flies. 
 At once on th' eastern cliff of Paradise 
 He lights, and to his proper shape returns 
 A seraph wing'd : six wings he wore to shade 
 His lineaments divine ; the pair that clad 
 Each shoulder broad came mantling o'er his breast 
 With regal ornament ; the middle pair 
 Girt like a starry zone his waist, and round 
 Skirted his loins and thighs with downy gold 
 And colours dipp'd in Heaven ; the third his feet 
 Shadow'd from either heel with feather'd mail, 
 Sky-tinctured grain." F. L., b. v. 
 
 " Meantime refracted from yon eastern cloud, 
 Bestriding earth, the grand ethereal bow 
 Shoots up immense ; and every hue unfolds. 
 In fair proportion running from the red, 
 To where the violet fades into the sky." 
 
 Thomson, Spring. 
 
 Akenside thus beautifully paints Fiction : 
 " Let Fiction come, upon her vagrant wings 
 Wafting ten thousand colours through the air. 
 Which, by the glances of her magic eye. 
 She blends and shifts at will, through countless 
 
 forms. 
 Her wild creation." 
 
 Pleasures of tJu Imagination, i. 14-18. 
 
 854. Even Colin at first sight of the sea was not 
 more alarmed than these timid ladies : 
 " ' So to the sea we came ; the sea, that is 
 A world of waters heaped up on hie. 
 Rolling like mountaines in wide wildemesse. 
 Horrible, hideous, roaring with hoarse trie.* 
 ' And is the sea,' quoth Coridon, ' so fearfull f 
 ' Fearful, much more,' quoth he, ' then hart can 
 
 fear : 
 Thousand wyld beasts with deep mouthes gnping 
 
 direfull 
 Therin stil wait poore passengers to teare. 
 Who life doth loath, and longs death to behold, 
 Before he die, alreadie dead with fcare, 
 And yet would live with heart half stonie cold. 
 Let him to sea, and he shall see it there. 
 
i66 
 
 V. 615 — 638. 
 
 THE yENEID. 
 
 V. 638-662. 
 
 " Alas ! that should to weary [hearts] re- 
 main 
 So many shoals, and such expanse of 
 
 sea !" — 
 One cry with all. A city they entreat ; 
 It irks the toil of ocean to endure. 
 She therefore flung herself among the 
 
 midst, 
 In harming not unversed, and mien alike 
 And garment of the goddess lays aside. 
 She Beroe becomes, the aged wife 862 
 
 Of Tmaros-born Doryclus, [one] to whom 
 Had birth, and erst a name, and sons be- 
 longed ; 
 And thus amid the Dardans' mothers she 
 Intrudes herself: " O wretched, whom no 
 
 hand, " 
 She cries, *' of Grecia in the war had haled 
 To doom beneath your native city's walls ! 
 O hapless nation, for destruction what 
 Does Fortune hold thee back ? Since 
 Troja's wreck 870 
 
 The seventh summer now is wheeled, while 
 
 seas, 
 While every land, so many rocks, devoid 
 Of hospitage, and stars, we having spanned 
 Are wafted on ; while we through ocean vast 
 Italia flying chase, and by the waves 
 Are rolled along. Here Eryx' brother- 
 bourns, 
 Our host Acestes, too : what hinders us 
 From founding walls, and giving citizens 
 Their city ? O my country ! and, in vain 
 Delivered from the foe, ye household gods ! 
 Shall none e'ermore be called the walls of 
 Troy ? 881 
 
 Nowhere shall I behold Hectorean streams. 
 The Xanthus and the Simois ? Nay come. 
 And burn ye up with me the cursed ships. 
 For through my sleep to me Cassandra's 
 
 ghost. 
 The prophetess, seemed blazing brands to 
 
 give. 
 Here seek ye Troy ; here lies the home," 
 she cries. 
 
 And yet as ghastly dreadfull, as it seemes. 
 Bold men, presuming life for gain to sell, 
 Dare tempt that gulf, and in those wandrir.g stremes 
 Seek waies unknowne, waies leading down to hell.' " 
 Spenser, Colin Clouts Come Home Again. 
 See note on ^n. 8, v. 109, where the quotation 
 is continued. 
 
 875. " But me, not destined such delights to share, 
 My prime of life in wand'ring spent and care ; 
 Impell'd with steps unceasing to pursue 
 Some fleeting good, that mocks me with the view ; 
 That like the circle bounding earth and skies. 
 Allures from far, yet, as I follow, flies ; 
 My fortune leads to traverse realms alone. 
 And find no spot of all the world my own." 
 
 Goldsmith, T7-aveller. 
 
 * ' For you ; now is the moment for the 
 
 deed 
 To be accomplished : be there no demur 
 With such grave presages. Lo ! altars 
 
 four 890 
 
 To Neptune : e'en the god himself the 
 
 brands 
 And heart supplies." These saying, she, 
 
 the first, 
 Engrasps with vehemence the felon fire, 
 And with right hand uplifted from afar 
 She it with effort brandishes and flings. 
 Roused were the minds, and paralyzed the 
 
 hearts 
 Of th' Ilian women. Here from many, 
 
 one. 
 Who was by birth the eldest, Pyrgo, [she] 
 Of Priam's sons so many royal nurse : 
 ' ' No Beroe [is this] for you ; this, dames, 
 Is no Rhoetean wife of Doryclus. 901 
 
 Mark ye the tokens of a heav'nly grace. 
 And glowing eyes j what air is hers, what 
 
 looks. 
 And tone of voice, nay gait as she pro- 
 ceeds ! 
 I e'en myself erewhile left Beroe, 
 At parting, sick, impatient that alone 
 From such a service she should lacking 
 
 be. 
 Nor rightful off'rings to Anchises bring." 
 These [words] she uttered : but the dames, 
 
 at first 
 In vacillation and with evil eyes, 910 
 
 Began to view the ships ; in doubt between 
 A wretched passion for the present land. 
 And realms that summon by the fates : 
 
 what time 
 Along the sky the goddess raised her [form] 
 On pinions of a poise, and in her flight 
 A bow colossal scored beneath the clouds. 
 Then, sooth, astounded by the prodigies. 
 And frenzy-driv'n, in chorus do they yell. 
 And pillage from the inmost hearths their 
 
 fire. 
 Some rob the altars ; leaf, and sprigs, and 
 brands, 920 
 
 They fling together. Vulcan fumes with 
 
 921. Glover thus graphically describes the burn- 
 ing of the Persian camp : 
 
 " The word is giv'n. They seize 
 The burning fuel. Sparkling in the wind. 
 Destructive fire is brandish'd. 
 
 Now devastation, unconfined, involves 
 The Malian fields. Among barbarian tents 
 From diff rent stations fly consuming flames. 
 The Greeks afford no respite ; and the storm 
 Exasperates the blaze. To ev'ry part 
 The conflagration like a sea expands. 
 One waving surface of unbounded fire, 
 I In ruddy volumes mount the curling flames 
 
V. 663 — 677. 
 
 BOOK V. 
 
 V. 677 — 69a. 
 
 167 
 
 Let loose through banks, and oars, and 
 
 painted sterns 
 Of fir. A courier to Anchises' tomb, 
 And [to] the benches of the theatre, 
 Eumelus, brings the tidings that the ships 
 Were in a blaze ; and they themselves 
 
 behind 
 See sooty ashes flutt'ring in a cloud. 
 And first Ascanius, as he gaily led 
 His cavalry manoeuvres, in such guise, 
 Keen on his charger, sought the troubled 
 
 camp ; 930 
 
 Nor can the breathless masters hold him 
 
 back. 
 *• What this strange frenzy ? At what 
 
 [object] now. 
 At what is it you aim ?" cries he. '* Alas ! 
 My wretched countrywomen ! It is not 
 The foeman, and the hostile camp of 
 
 Greeks, — 
 'Tis your own hopes ye bum. Lo ! here 
 
 am I, 
 Your own Ascanius !" He before their 
 
 feet 
 His empty helmet flung, wherewith bedight 
 In sport the mimicry of war he waked. 
 At once ^Eneas hastes, at once the hosts 
 Of Teucer's sons. But they in fear thro'out 
 The severed shores, in all directions fly 942 
 
 To heav'n's dark vault, and paint the midnight 
 
 clouds. 
 So, when the north emits his purpled lights. 
 The undulated radiance, streaming wide. 
 As with a burning canopy invests 
 Th' ethereal concave. CEta now disclos'd 
 His forehead, glittering in eternal frost : 
 While down his rocks the foamy torrents shone. 
 Far o'er the main the pointed rays were thrown ; 
 Night snatch'd her mantle from the Ocean's breast ; 
 The billows glimmer'd from the distant shores." 
 Leonidas, b. xii. 
 
 Ariel tells Prospero of the scene of magic fire 
 
 which he conjured up : 
 
 " I boarded the king's ship ; now on the beak. 
 Now in the waist, the deck, in every cabin, 
 I flam'd amazement : sometimes, I'd divide. 
 And burn in many places ; on the topmast. 
 The yards and bowsprit, would I flame distinctly. 
 Then meet, and join. Jove's lightnings, the 
 
 precursors 
 O the dreadful thunder-claps, more momentary 
 And sight-out-running were not : the fire and 
 
 cracks 
 Of sulphurous roaring the most mighty Neptune 
 Seem to besiege, and make his bold waves tremble. 
 Yea, his dread trident shake." 
 
 Shakespeare, Tempest, i. 2. 
 
 941. " Fear soon is settled in a woman's breast." 
 Drayton, Edward to Alice. 
 
 042. " For if the least imagin'd overture 
 
 But of conceiv'd revolt men once espy, 
 
 Straight shrink the weak ; the great will not endure ; 
 
 Th' impatient nm ; the discontented fly : 
 
 The friend his friend's example doth procure. 
 
 And all together haste them presently, 
 
 Apart, and woods, and, be they anywhere, 
 The vaulted rocks clandestinely they seek. 
 They're sick of their emprise and of the 
 
 light, 
 And their own [friends] repentant recog- 
 nize, 
 And Juno from their bosom is dislodged. 
 Howbeit did not upon this account 
 The flames and burnings their ungovemed 
 
 might 
 Lay by : beneath the smoking timber lives 
 The oakum, spewing lazy smoke, and slow 
 Upon the galleys preys the smould'ring 
 heat, 952 
 
 And all throughout their hull descends the 
 
 plague : 
 Nor heroes' strength nor in-poured floods 
 
 avail. 
 Then good /Eneas from his shoulders tears 
 His garment off, and calls the gods to aid. 
 And stretches out his hands : " Almighty 
 
 Jove, 
 If not as yet the Trojans to a man 
 Thou dost abhor, if thy good will of old 
 At all regards the travails of mankind ; 
 Grant now my fleet, O sire, to 'scape the 
 flame, 961 
 
 And save the Trojans' slender state from 
 
 doom ; 
 Or do thou, — what remains, — by hostile 
 
 flash 
 To death, if I deserve it, send me down. 
 
 Some to their home, some hide ; others that stay 
 To reconcile themselves, the rest betray." 
 
 Lord Salisbury's Sp)eech to King Richard. 
 Daniell, Civil War, ii. 34, 
 945. Polydore is smart on Monimia : 
 
 " Intolerable vanity ! your sex 
 Was never in the right ; ye are always false 
 Or silly ; even your dresses are not more 
 Fantastic than your appetites ; you think 
 Of nothing twice ; opinion you have none ; 
 To-day ye are nice, to-morrow none so free ; 
 Now smile, then frown ; now sorrowful, then glad ; 
 Now pleased, now not ; and all you know not why ! 
 Virtue you affect ; inconstancy's your practice." 
 Otway, Orpltan, i. 2. 
 952. Dryden of the Fire of London : 
 " In this deep quiet, from what source unknown. 
 Those seeds of fire their fatal birth disclose 
 And first few scattering sparks about were blown. 
 Big with the flames that to our ruin rose. 
 " Then in some close-pent room it crept along. 
 And, smouldering as it went, in silence fed ; 
 Till th" infant monster, with devouring strong, 
 Walk'd boldly upright with exalted head." 
 Annus Mirabilis, 217, 18. 
 
 964. See Charles's address to Heaven ; Ann. Mir. 
 262 : 
 
 Or if my heedless youth has step'd astray. 
 
 Too soon forgetful of Thy gracious hand. 
 On me alone Thy just displeasure lay. 
 
 But take Thy judgments from this moumiog 
 land." 
 
i68 
 
 V. 692 — 703. 
 
 THE AlNEID. 
 
 V. 704—713. 
 
 And with thy right hand whehn me here." 
 
 He scarce 
 These [words] had uttered, when with 
 
 sluicy rains 
 A pitchy storm beyond example raves, 
 And thrill with thunder steeps and plains 
 
 of earth. 
 From the whole welkin dashes down a 
 
 shower, 
 Confused with water, and in deepest black 
 With huddled southern gales ; and from 
 
 above 971 
 
 The ships are brimmed ; the half-charred 
 
 timbers reek ; 
 Till every fire is quenched, and all the keels. 
 With loss of four, are rescued from the 
 
 plague. 
 But sire ^neas, by the sore mischance 
 Deep-shocked, was now to this side, now 
 
 to that. 
 Within his bosom shifting weighty cares, 
 Debating whether he should settle down 
 On Sic'ly's fields, forgetful of the fates, 
 Or aim at reaching the Italian coasts. 980 
 
 " Meanwhile the South wind rose, and, with black 
 wings 
 Wide-hovering, all the clouds together drove 
 From under Heaven ; the hills to their supply 
 Vapour, and exhalation dusk and moist. 
 Sent up amain ; and now the thicken'd sky 
 Like a dark ceiling stood ; down rush'd the rain 
 Impetuous." Milton, P. L., xi. 
 
 *' He, when deep-rolling clouds blot out the day. 
 And thunderous storms and solemn gloom display, 
 Pours down a watery deluge from on high. 
 And opens all the sluices of the sky : 
 High o'er the shores the rushing surge prevails. 
 Bursts o'er the plain, and roars along the vales ; 
 Dashing abruptly, dreadful down it comes, 
 Tumbling through rocks, and tosses, whirls, and 
 
 foams : 
 Meantime, from every region of the sky. 
 Red burning bolts in forky vengeance fly ; 
 Dreadfully bright o'er seas and earth they glare, 
 And bursts of thunder rend th' encumbered air." 
 Broome, Paraphrase oti Ecclus., 43. 
 
 974. Dryden calls the ships, destroyed by fire in 
 the Dutch war, "martyrs" : 
 " Restless he pass'd the remnant of the night. 
 
 Till the fresh air proclaim'd the morning nigh : 
 And burning snips, the martyrs of the fight. 
 With paler fires beheld the eastern sky." 
 
 Annus Mirab., st. 102. 
 
 976. " Then comes my fit again : I had else been 
 
 perfect : 
 Whole as the marble, founded as the rock ; 
 As broad and general as the casing air : 
 Jiut now I am cabin'd, cribb'd, confin'd, bound in 
 To saucy doubts and fears." 
 
 Shakespeare, Macbeth, iii. 4. 
 
 Shakespeare makes Reignier bear calamity with 
 a brave heart : 
 " I am a soldier, and unapt to weep, 
 
 Or ta exclaim on fortune's fickleness." 
 
 I Henry VI., v. 3. 
 
 Then aged Nautes, whom in special wise 
 Tritonian Pallas taught, and famous made 
 With plenteous science, offered these re- 
 plies, — 
 Or what the gods' high anger might 
 
 presage. 
 Or what the scheme of destinies demand ; — 
 And he, ^neas cheering with these words. 
 Begins : " O goddess-born, where'er the 
 
 Fates 
 May draw us and withdraw us follow we ; 
 Whatever shall befortune, every hap 
 Is by endurance to be overcome. 990 
 
 Thou hast a Dardan of a heav'nly line, 
 Acestes : him take thou, and knit with thee 
 Frank partner in thy plans. To him con- 
 sign 
 Who, from the galleys lost, are in excess, 
 
 986. " Cure her of that : 
 
 Canst thou not minister to a mind diseas'd ; 
 Pluck from the memory a rooted sorrow ; 
 Raze out the written troubles of the brain ; 
 And with some sweet oblivious antidote 
 Cleanse the stuff 'd bosom of that perilous grief 
 Which weighs upon the heart ?" 
 
 Shakespeare, Macbeth, v. 3. 
 
 988. Churchill inculcates similar obedience to 
 Honour: 
 " If Honour calls, where'er she points the way. 
 
 The sons of Honour follow and obey." 
 
 The Farewell. 
 
 990. " In struggling with misfortunes 
 
 Lies the true proof of virtue. On smooth seas 
 How many bauble boats dare set their sails. 
 And make an equal way with firmer vessels ! 
 But let the tempest once enrage that sea, 
 And then behold the strong-ribb'd argosie. 
 Bounding between the ocean and the air, 
 Like Perseus mounted on his Pegasus. 
 Then where are those weak rivals of the main ? 
 Or to avoid the tem.pest fled to port, 
 Or made a prey to Neptune : even thus 
 Do empty show and true-priz'd worth divide 
 In storms of fortune." 
 
 Dryden, Troilus and Cressida, i. i. 
 
 Rowe makes Jane Shore give utterance to the 
 
 following pathetic soliloquy : 
 
 " Yet, yet endure, nor murmur, oh ! my soul : 
 For are not thy transgressions great and num- 
 berless ? 
 Do they not cover thee like rising floods. 
 And press thee like a weight of waters down ? 
 Does not the hand of righteousness afflict thee ? 
 And who shall plead against it ? Who shall say 
 To Power Almighty, Thou hast done enough? 
 Or bid his dreadful rod of vengeance stay ? 
 Wait then with patience, till the circling hours 
 Shall bring the time of thy appointed rest. 
 And lay thee down in death. The hireling thus 
 With labour drudges out the painful day, 
 And often looks with long-expecting eyes 
 To see the shadows rise, and be dismissed." 
 
 Jane Shore, act v. 
 
 " Remember patience is the Christian's courage. 
 Stoics have bled, and demigods have died : 
 A Christian's task is harder : — 'tis to suffer." 
 Walpole, Mysterious MotJi^r, iv. 4. 
 
V. 713—734- 
 
 BOOK V, 
 
 V. 734—748. 
 
 169 
 
 And who are weary of our grand iemprise 
 And thine estate, aUke the aged, advanced 
 In years, and sea-worn matrons ; and what- 
 
 e'er 
 Is weakly with thee, and afraid of risk, 
 Cull out, and let them have, — the weary 
 
 [souls], — 
 Their ramparts in these lands ; their city 
 
 they 1000 
 
 Shall call ' Acesta' by a licensed name." 
 
 By such expressions of his aged friend 
 Afire, then sooth is he o'er all his cares 
 Distracted in his soul. And ebon Night 
 Upon her two-horse chariot borne, the 
 
 heavens 
 Enchained ; thereon appeared from out the 
 
 sky 
 Down gliding, th' apparition of his sire 
 Anchises, on a sudden pouring forth 
 Such words : *' O son, to me than life 
 
 erewhile, 
 While life remained, more dear ; O son. 
 Experienced in the destinies of Troy, loi i 
 At Jove's commandment am I hither come. 
 He who the fire hath banished from thy 
 
 ships, 
 And pitied thee at last from heav'n on 
 
 high. 
 Th' advice obey, which now [in] fairest 
 
 [shape] 
 The aged Nautes gives ; do thou choice 
 
 youths. 
 The bravest hearts, to Italy transport. 
 A race of steel, and savage in their guise, 
 By thee in Latium is to be subdued. 
 Yet first the nether homes of Dis approach, 
 And through the depths Avernian seek, 
 
 my son, 1021 
 
 Converse with me. For have no hold of me 
 The godless Tartarus, or rueful shades ; 
 
 1004. " 'Twas when bright Cynthia with her silver 
 car, 
 Soft stealing from Endymion's bed. 
 Had call'd forth ev'ry glitt'ring star. 
 And up th' ascent of heav'n her brilliant host 
 had led. 
 Night with all her negro train 
 Took possession of the plain ; 
 On an herse she rode reclin'd 
 Drawn by screech-owls slow and blind. 
 Close to her with printless feet, 
 Crept Stillness in a winding sheet. 
 Next to her deaf Silence was seen. 
 Treading on tip-toes over the green ; 
 Softly, lightly, gently she trips. 
 Still holding her fingers seal'd to her lips." 
 
 Smart, Ode xiv. i. 
 
 1016. " For know, an honest statesman to a prince 
 Is like a cedar planted by a spring : 
 The spring bathes the tree's root, the gratefull 
 
 tree 
 Rewards it with its shadow." 
 
 Webster, Dutchesse of Mal/y, iii. a. 
 
 But sweet assemblies of religious [souls], 
 Elysium, too, do I frequent. Thee hither- 
 ward 
 The taintless Sybil with abundant blood 
 Of sable flocks shall lead. Then all thy race, 
 And what the walls be giv'n thee, thou 
 
 shalt learn. 
 And now farewell : dank Night is wheeling 
 
 round 
 Her central orbit, and the ruthless Dawn 
 Hath breathed upon me with his panting 
 
 steeds." 1031 
 
 He spake, and sped like smoke to subtile 
 
 air. 
 iEneas cries : ** Hence whither dost thou 
 
 rush ? 
 Whither dost fling away? Whom fliest 
 
 thou? 
 Or who from our embraces thee debars ?" 
 Pronouncing these, the embers he awakes 
 And slumb'ring fires ; and Pergamean Lar, 
 And hoary Vesta's shrine, with sacred meal 
 And brimful censer humbly he adores. 
 
 Forthwith his comrades, and Acestes first. 
 He summons, and of Jupiter's command. 
 And his dear sire's injunctions, throughly he 
 Apprises them, and what decision now 1043 
 
 1027-9. Perhaps the reader may here be reminded 
 of Miranda, who says to Prosper© : 
 
 " You have often 
 Begun to tell me what I am ; but stopp'd. 
 And left me to a bootless inquisition ; 
 Concluding, Stay, not yet." 
 
 Shakespeare, Tempest, \. a. 
 
 1029. Spenser finely describes Night in her airy 
 
 progress : 
 
 " Where griesly Night, with visage deadly sad. 
 That Phoebus chearefull face durst never vew. 
 And in a foule blacke pitchy mantle clad 
 She findes forth comming from her darksome mew; 
 Where she all day did hide her hated hew. 
 Before the door her yron charet stood. 
 Already harnessed for iourney new. 
 And cole-black steedes yborne of hellish brood. 
 
 And on their rusty bits did champ, as they were 
 wood." P. Q., i. 6, 20. 
 
 " For Night's swift dragons cut the clouds full fast. 
 And yonder shines Aurora's harbinger, 
 At whose approach ghosts, wand'ring here and 
 
 there. 
 Troop home to church-yards : damned spirits all. 
 That in cross-ways and floods have burial, 
 Already to their wormy beds are gone ; 
 For fear lest day should look their shames upon. 
 They wilfully themselves exile from light. 
 And must for aye consort with black-brow'd 
 
 Night." 
 Shakespeare, Midsummer Nighfs Dream, iii. a. 
 
 1030. " But, soft ! methinks I scent the morning 
 air. 
 
 Fare thee well at once ! 
 
 The glow-worm shows the matin to be near. 
 And 'gins to pale his ineffectual fire : 
 Adieu, adieu, adieu ! Remember me." 
 
 Shakespeare, Hamlet, i. 5. 
 
70 
 
 V. 748— 77r. 
 
 THE JENEID. 
 
 V. 771—793. 
 
 Stands settled in his mind. To his designs 
 No stay ; nor does Acestes disallow 
 His orders. For the city they enrol 
 The dames, and willing commons set aside, 
 Souls craving naught of high renown. 
 
 Themselves 
 The thwarts renew, and in the ships replace 
 The timbers, gnawed by flames around ; 
 
 they fit 
 Both oars and cordage ; in their number 
 
 scant, 105 1 
 
 But all alive their gallantry for war. 
 Meanwhile ^Eneas with a plough scores out 
 The city, and by lot assigns their homes ; 
 This bids be "■ Ilium," and these spots be 
 
 "Troy." 
 Trojan Acestes in the kingship joys. 
 And institutes a Forum, and grants rights 
 To summoned sires. Then, neighb'ring on 
 
 the stars. 
 On Eryx' crest there founded is a seat 
 T' Idalian Venus ; and t' Anchises' tomb 
 A priest and grove, wide-holy, is attached. 
 And now nine days the nation all observed 
 The feast, and on the altars sacrifice 1063 
 Was offered ; gentle breezes laid the seas. 
 And freshening Auster, breathing on them, 
 
 woos 
 Once more upon the deep. There rises up 
 A mighty weeping through the winding 
 
 shores ; 
 In mutual embrace both day and night 
 Do they retard. Now e'en the very dames. 
 The very men, to whom erst grim appeared 
 The aspect of the sea, and insupportable 
 The will of heav'n, desirous are to go, 1072 
 And all the travail of a flight endure : 
 Whom good ^neas cheers with kindly 
 
 words. 
 And to Acestes, linked by blood, in tears 
 
 1051. " Joy, joy, I see confest from every eye ; 
 Your limbs tread vigorous, and your breasts beat 
 
 high. 
 Thin tho' our ranks, tho' scanty be our bands, 
 Bold are our hearts, and nervous are our hands. 
 With us, truth, justice^ fame, and freedom close. 
 Each singly equal to a host of foes." 
 
 Brooke, Gustavtis Vasa, iii. end. 
 
 1067. Of these tiresome dames it might have been 
 
 said : 
 
 " Had women navigable rivers in their eyes, 
 They would dispend them all. I'll tell thee, 
 These are but moonish shades of griefs or fears : 
 There's nothing sooner dry than women's tears." 
 Webster, Vittoria Corombotia, v. 
 
 1072. " Philosophers their pains may spare, , 
 Perpetual motion where to find ; 
 If such a thing be anywhere, 
 *Tis, woman, in thy fickle mind." 
 
 Charles Cotton, The False Ofte. 
 See note on ySw. iv. v. 569. 
 
 Entrusts. Three calves to Eryx, and to 
 
 Storms 
 A ewe-lamb, he to slaughter then enjoins, 
 And hawser [s] in succession to be loosed. 
 Himself, enwreathed upon his head with 
 
 leaves 
 Of olive trimmed, far standing on the 
 
 bow, 1080 
 
 A paten holds, and flings the entrails forth 
 Upon the briny waves, and fluid wines 
 Outpours. The wind, uprising from astern, 
 Attends the voyagers. In rivalry 
 The crews lash ocean, and the waters 
 
 sweep. 
 But Venus meanwhile, worried by her 
 
 cares, 
 Neptune accosts, and from her breast out- 
 pours 
 Such plainings : "Juno's weighty wrath, 
 
 her gall. 
 Not to be glutted, me, O Neptune, force 
 To stoop to every prayer: — [she] whom 
 
 nor length 1090 
 
 Of time, nor any piety doth melt ; 
 Nor is she, by the sovereignty of Jove 
 And by the Fates [though] beaten down, 
 
 at rest. 
 'Tis not enough that she in cursed hate 
 Hath from the bosom of the Phrygians' 
 
 race 
 Their city eaten out, nor dragged them on 
 Through every punishment : — of ruined 
 
 Troy 
 The remnant, ashes, and the bones she 
 
 hunts. 
 The grounds of such outrageous frenzy she 
 May know. Thou wert my witness late 
 In Libyan surges what a pile she raised 
 Upon a sudden ; seas all blent with 
 
 heaven, 1102 
 
 In vain relying on ^olian storms : 
 In thy own realm adventuring this. Lo ! 
 
 e'en 
 By Trojan matrons, forced all through the 
 
 Juno was as hard as Shylock, with whom, in 
 
 favour of Antonio, was no 
 
 " Glancing an eye of pity on his losses, 
 That have of late been huddled on his back ; 
 Enough to press a royal merchant down. 
 And pluck commiseration of his state 
 From brassy bosoms, and rough hearts of flint, 
 From stubborn Turks and Tartars, never train'd 
 To ofiices of tender courtesy." 
 
 Shakespeare, Merchant of Venice, iv. i. 
 
 1090. Venus could not have said with the Duchess 
 of York : 
 
 " A beggar begs that never begged before." 
 
 Shakespeare, K. Richard II., v. 3. 
 
 1091. See note on Eel. i. /. 85. 
 
V. 794— 8oS. 
 
 BOOK V, 
 
 T. 808—831. 
 
 >7l 
 
 ^he hath in shAmeful wise burnt up their 
 
 ships, 
 And, through the loss of fleet, constrained 
 
 [their lord] 
 To leave his comrades to an unknown land. 
 For what remains, I crave it be allowed 
 For thee to grant safe canvas through the 
 
 waves ; 1 1 lO 
 
 Laurentine Tiber it may be allowed 
 To reach ; if I admissible [requests] 
 Am urging, if the Weirds those walls 
 
 vouchsafe." 
 Then the deep sea's Saturnian tamer 
 
 these 
 Delivered : " It is altogether right 
 That thou, O Cytherea, shouldest trust 
 Upon my realms, whence drawest thou 
 
 thy birth. 
 I've earned it, too : I oft the frenzies quelled 
 And such wild madness both of sky and 
 
 sea. 
 Nor is it less upon the lands (the Xanthus 
 And Simois to witness do I call,) II2I 
 
 Hath thine viineas been a care to me. 
 What time, in chase of Troja's breathless 
 
 hosts, 
 Achilles hurtled them against the walls, 
 Gave many a thousand to their doom, and 
 
 groaned 
 Choked rivers, nor could Xanthus find a 
 
 path. 
 And disembogue him in the main : — then I 
 ^neas, while with Peleus' gallant son 
 
 1 126. Drayton, of the overthrow in the Red Sea : 
 Death is discern'd triumphantly in arms 
 On the rough seas his slaughtery to keep. 
 And his cold self in breath of mortals warms, 
 Upon the dimpled bosom of the deep. 
 There might you see a chequer'd ensign swim 
 About the body of the envy'd dead. 
 Serve for a hearse or coverture to him, 
 Erewhile did waft it proudly 'bout his head : 
 The warlike chariot turn'd upon the back. 
 With the dead horses in their traces ty'd. 
 Drags their fat carcass through the foamy brack. 
 That drew it late undauntedly in pride. 
 There floats the barb'd steed with his rider 
 
 drown'd. 
 Whose foot in his caparison is cast. 
 Who late with sharp spurs did his courser wound. 
 Himself now ridden with his strangled beast." 
 Moses his Birth and Miracles, iii. 41-56. 
 
 Glover, fmely of the destruction of the Persians : 
 
 " Down the Thalian steep 
 Prone are they hurry'd to th' expanded arms 
 Of Horrour, rising from the oozy deep. 
 And grasping all their members, as they fall. 
 The dire confusion like a storm invades 
 The chafing surge. Whole troops Bellona rolls 
 In one vast ruin from the craggy ridge. 
 O'er all their arms, their ensigns, dcephengulf'd ; 
 With hideous roar the waves for ever close." 
 Leonidas, viii. end. 
 
 Engaged, — no matches or his gods, or 
 
 powers, — 
 Seized in a hollow cloud ; although I 
 
 yearned 1130 
 
 To overthow from its foundation, reared 
 By hands of mine, the walls of Troy fore- 
 sworn. 
 Now, too, my mind abides with me the 
 
 same : 
 Dispel thy fear ; in safety shall he reach 
 Avemus' havens, which thou dost desire. 
 One only shall there be, whom, missing, he 
 Shall in the eddy seek ; a single life 
 For many shall be giv'n." By these his 
 
 words 
 When he to gladness calmed the goddess* 
 
 breast. 
 His coursers does the father yoke in gold, 
 And foaming curbs upon the beasts he sets, 
 And from his hands threw all the reins 
 
 away. 1 142 
 
 In sea-green chariot airily he flies 
 Along the surface-seas : down sink the 
 
 waves. 
 And 'neath his thund'ring axle ocean's 
 
 plain 
 Is in its swell upon the waters laid ; 
 
 1140. " He said no more, but bade two Tritons 
 
 sound 
 Their crooked shells, to spread the summons 
 
 round. 
 Through the wide caves the blast is heard afar ; 
 With speed two more provide his azure car, 
 A concave shell ; two the thinn'd coursers join : 
 All wait officious round, and own th' accustom'd 
 
 sign. 
 The god ascends ; his better hand sustains 
 The three-forked spear, his left directs the reins. 
 Through breaking waves the chariot mounts him 
 
 high ; 
 Before its thundering course the frothy waters fly. 
 He gains the surface ; on his either side 
 The bright attendants, rang'd with comely pride. 
 Advance in just array, and grace the pompous 
 
 tide." Hughes, Court of Neptune, end. 
 
 1 146. " So when th' assuming god, whom storms 
 
 obey, 
 To all the warring winds at once give way. 
 The frantic brethren ravage all around. 
 And rocks, and woods, and shores, their rage 
 
 resound ; 
 Incumbent o'er the main, at length they sweep 
 The liquid plains, and raise the peaceful deep. 
 But when superior Neptune leaves his bed. 
 His trident shakes, and shows his awful head ; 
 The madding winds are hush'd, the tempest 
 
 cease, 
 And every rolling surge resides in peace." 
 
 Congreve, Birth 0/ tht Muse. 
 
 W. Thompson ascribes the same power to May 
 in his beautiful Hymn, st. 22 : 
 " At thy approach the wild waves' loud uproar, 
 
 And foamy surges of the madd'ning mam 
 
 Forget to heave their mountains to ll»c shore. 
 
 Disused into the level of the plain. 
 
172 
 
 V. 821—827. 
 
 THE AlNEID. 
 
 V. 827 — 841. 
 
 Flee off the storm-clouds from the waste of 
 
 sky. 
 Then [loom] the motley figures of his train, 
 Immense sea-monsters, and the elder choir 
 Of Glaucus and Palsemon Ino-born, 1 150 
 And nimble Tritons, and all Phorcus' host. 
 Keeps Thetis on the left, and Melite, 
 And Panope the maid, Nesaee, Spio, too, 
 Thalia also, and Cymodoce. 
 
 Here through the sire Eneas' anxious 
 
 mind 
 
 For thee the halcyon builds her summer's nest ; 
 For thee the ocean smooths her troubled breast. 
 Gay from thy placid smiles, in thy own purple 
 drest." 
 
 1155. This whole account of the Trojans leaving 
 Sicily will be involved in great confusion, unless 
 the reference of hie, v. 827, be rightly understood. 
 As it stands, it would seem to be connected with 
 the preceding history of Neptune and Venus : but 
 this view seems quite inadmissible. The state of 
 the case appears to be this : While ^neas was 
 making arrangements for the colony, which he was 
 to leave behind him, composed of the infirm of 
 both sexes, silly women and cowards, Venus solicits 
 the friendly aid of Neptune, which is freely accorded. 
 The sea had been rough, the winds unruly, and the 
 sky threatening ; but these were all reduced to 
 moderation (v. 820, i,) by the interference of the 
 god. This change of weather took place just after 
 the completion of the funeral feast in honor of 
 Anchises (v. 763, 4) ; so that .^neas sets sail with 
 as fair a wind as could be, — Auster; Cumse being 
 nearly due north of Eryx. The breeze, which had 
 been freshening, was still too light to admit of much 
 progress by sailing, so that they had hitherto trusted 
 to their oars ; but now, at a certain point of their 
 voyage (probably soon after they had set out) — hie, 
 — they set the sails. 
 
 But how came they to tack ? — for sailors never 
 tack with a fair wind ; and yet^A uster was fair ; and, 
 moreover, we are \.o\A, Jerunt suajlmnitia classem. 
 There seems to be but one way out of this serious 
 difficulty, a difficulty which does not seem to have 
 been noticed by the commentators. Though the 
 wind was fair for going from the west of Sicily to 
 Campania, yet it might have been foul for getting 
 out of Eryx, and clear of the land to the open sea. 
 So far they tacked, and then — but not till then — 
 the Jlamina could be said to be sua. If this 
 explanation of the matter be considered too refined, 
 it is not easy to see how Virgil is to be screened 
 from the charge of ignorance or carelessness. One 
 need be neither sailor nor yachtsman to com- 
 prehend the dilemma in which a poet of unques- 
 tionable learning, and of no little caution, must 
 otherwise be involved. 
 
 There seems to be no difficulty about the general 
 meaning of the passage from Attolli to detorguettt- 
 qice ; but it is not sure iha.t /ecere pedein is trans- 
 lated aright. It is very objectionable to employ 
 technical terms in a poem further than is absolutely 
 necessary ; yet this last expression, strictly perhaps, 
 should have been rendered, " they belayed the 
 sheet," or, "they made a tack." This, at least, is 
 certain, that they did something or other with the 
 sheet, with a view to tacking: and what, if not 
 belaying it? In nautical language the whole pro- 
 ceeding, it is probable, would be thus expressed : 
 They stepped the masts, bent the sails on the yards, 
 tacked about while in stays, let fly, now the port. 
 
 Thrill soothing joys in turn. He bids with 
 
 speed 
 That all the masts be hoisted up, yards 
 
 stretched 
 To sails. They fastened all at once the 
 
 sheet. 
 And equally their canvas-folds upon the 
 
 left. 
 Now on the right, unloose ; they all at once 
 The lofty yard-arms veer and veer aback : 
 Waft their own gales the fleet. The first 
 
 'fore all, 11 62 
 
 The serried squadron Palinurus led : 
 Towards him the rest were bid to aim their 
 
 course. 
 And now well-nigh the zenith-goal of 
 
 heaven 
 Dank Night had gained ; in calm repose 
 
 their limbs 
 The sailors had unbent, stretched 'neath 
 
 the oars 
 Alongthepainful seats; when Somnus, light, 
 Down gliding from the empyrean stars. 
 Sundered the sullen air, and forced apart 
 The shades, thee seeking, Palinure, to thee, 
 Unfaulty, bearing rueful dreams ; 11 72 
 
 now the starboard, sheets, and braced the yards 
 sharp up on either hand. 
 
 The tutor should impress upon the uninitiated 
 student, that the " sheet" of a sail is not its spread 
 of canvas, but the rope which is attached to one or 
 both of its lower corners, in order to extend it and 
 maintain its position. 
 
 1 157. " High on the slipp'ry masts the yards ascend, 
 And far abroad the canvas wings extend." 
 
 Falconer, Shipwreck, i. 
 
 1165. Rowe thus alludes to this ominous hour : 
 
 " The setting sun descends 
 Swift to the western waves ; and guilty Night, 
 Hasty to spread her horrors o'er the world. 
 Rides on the dusky air. — And now it comes. 
 The fatal moment comes, e'en that dread time. 
 When witches meet to gather herbs on graves. 
 When discontented ghosts forsake their tombs. 
 And ghastly roam about, and doleful groan." 
 Ulysses, iii. 
 
 1168. Rawlins introduces Evadne praying for 
 Giovanno a more merciful exercise of the god's 
 power than he exhibited towards the unhappy 
 pilot : 
 
 " Thou silent god, that with the leaden mace 
 Arresteth all (save those prodigious birdes) 
 That are Fate's heraulds to proclaime all ill ; 
 Deafe Giovanno, let no fancied noyse 
 Of ominous screech-owles, or night ravens voice, 
 Affi-ight his quiet sences : let his sleepe 
 Be free from horrour, or unruly dreames. 
 That may beget a tempest in the sireames 
 . Of his calm reason : let 'em run as smooth, 
 And with as great a silence, as those doe 
 That never tooke an injurie ; where no wind 
 Had yet acquaintance : but like a smooth cristall, 
 Dissolv'd into a water that never frown'd. 
 Or knew a voyce but musicke." 
 
 The Rebellion, act iv. i. 
 
V. 841—858. 
 
 BOOK V, 
 
 V. 858—869. 
 
 173 
 
 And on the lofty stem the god sat down, 
 To Phorbas like, and from his lips out- 
 pours 
 These accents : " Palinure, lasus' son, 
 The waters of themselves waft on the 
 
 fleet; 
 Staid breathe the gales ; the hour is giv'n 
 
 to rest : 
 Lay down thy head, and steal thy flagging 
 1 eyes 
 
 j From toil. E'en I myself a little while 
 "Will in thy stead thy duties undertake." 
 To whom, with effort heaving up his 
 
 eyes, 
 Saith Palinurus ; ** Is it me the face 11 82 
 And restful surges of the calmy sea 
 Thou bidd'st not know? Is't me this 
 
 marvel trust ? 
 Why sooth am I i^neas to confide 
 To guileful southern gales, aye, duped so 
 
 oft 
 By the delusion of a cloudless sky ?" 
 Such words he uttered, and attached 
 
 [thereto], 
 And clinging, no where let the tiller go. 
 And kept his eyes [turned] towards the 
 
 stars. Behold ! 1190 
 
 The god a branch, in dew of Lethe soaked. 
 And drowsed with efficacy from the Styx, 
 Above both temples waves, and, as he 
 
 stays. 
 Unstrings his swimming eyeballs. Scarcely 
 
 first 
 Had unanticipated rest unbent 
 His joints, when, leaning o'er him from 
 
 above, 
 
 1 191. T. Warton has a different image : 
 " On this my pensive pillow, gentle Sleep, 
 Descend, in all thy downy plumage drest : 
 Wipe with thy wing those eyes that wake to 
 
 weep. 
 And place thy crown of poppies on my breast." 
 Ode, i. I. 
 
 Fletcher a different magic. In his beautiful 
 pastoral poem. The Faithful Shepherdess, he in- 
 troduces the " Sullen Shepherd," with Amaryllis 
 in his arms, and saying : 
 " From thy forehead thus I take 
 
 These herbs, and charge thee not awake, 
 
 Till in yonder holy well 
 
 Thrice, with powerful magic spell 
 
 Fill'd with many a baleful word, 
 
 Thou hast been dipp'd. Thus, with my cord 
 
 Of blasted hemp, by moonlight twin'd, 
 
 1 do thy sleepy Dody bind. 
 
 I turn thy head unto the east. 
 
 And thy feet unto the west. 
 
 Thy left arm to the south put forth, 
 
 And thy right unto the north. 
 
 I take thy body from the ground. 
 
 In this deep and deadly swound. 
 
 And into this holy spring 
 
 I let thcc slide down by my string " 
 
 Act iii. I, 1-16. 
 
 With a wrenched piece of stem, and with 
 
 the helm. 
 He flung him forward on the crystal waves. 
 Head-foremost, and upon his mates in 
 
 vain 
 Oft calling. He himself, winged, on the 
 
 wing, 1200 
 
 Upraised his [form] to subtile air. Not 
 
 less 
 Careers its voyage safe upon the main 
 The fleet, and through sire Neptune's 
 
 words of pledge 
 Is wafted unalarmed. And now it e'en, 
 Borne on, was drawing nigh the Sirens* 
 
 rocks. 
 Erst stern, and with the bones of many 
 
 bleached ; — 
 Then hoarse afar with th' ever- chafing 
 
 sea 
 The rocks were booming ; — when the 
 
 father felt 
 That, through her pilot lost, his reeling 
 
 ship 
 Warped off, — himself e'en steered her in 
 
 the nighted waves, 12 10 
 
 Upheaving many a groan, and in his soul 
 
 1205. The Nymph of the Derwent seems to 
 have been hardly less dangerous in Damon's view : 
 " Within our Darwin, in her rockie cell, 
 
 A nymph there lives, which thousand boyes 
 hath harm'd ; 
 All as she gliding rides in boats of shell. 
 Darting her eyes, (where spite and beauty dwell : 
 Ay me, that spite with beautie should be 
 
 arm'd !) 
 Her witching eye the boy and boat hath 
 charm'd. 
 No sooner drinks he down that pois'nous eye. 
 But mourns and pines : (ah piteous crueltie !) 
 With her he longs to live ; for her he longs to 
 die." P. Fletcher, Piscatory Eclogues, v. 5. 
 
 1210. The gallant soldier seems to have become 
 an able seaman, so as not to have needed the warn- 
 ing of Chromis : 
 
 " Ah, foolish lads, that think with waves to play. 
 And rule rough seas, which never knew com- 
 mand ! 
 First in some river thy new skill essay. 
 
 Till time and practice teach thy weakly hand. 
 A thin, thin plank keeps in thy vital breath: 
 Death ready waits. Fond boyes, to play with 
 death !" 
 
 P. Fletcher, Piscatory Eclogues, iv. 16. 
 
 " Inur'd to peril, with unconquer'd soul. 
 The chief beheld temp)estuous oceans roll 
 O'er the wild surge, when dismal shades preside. 
 His equal skill the lonely bark could guide; 
 His genius, ever for th' event prepared. 
 Rose with the storm, and all its dangers shared." 
 Falconer, Shipwreck, i. a. 
 
 121 1. " He must not float upon his watery bier 
 Unwept, and welter to the parching wind. 
 Without the mead of some melodious tear." 
 
 The idea in this beautiful passage of Milton's 
 
174 
 
 V. 869—870. 
 
 THE jENEID. 
 
 V. 870 — 871. 
 
 Shocked at the misadventure of his friend : 
 ** O thou, who to a sky and ocean bright 
 
 {Lycidas) is borrowed from Ben Jonson's Cynthia! s 
 Revels, i. i : 
 
 ** Vouchsafe me, I may do him these last rites, 
 But kiss his flower, and sing some mourning 
 
 strain 
 Over his ivafry hearse." 
 
 See Gifford's note. No excuse is needed for 
 transcribing the charming dirge a little farther on : 
 
 " Slow, slow, fresh fount, keep time with my salt 
 tears : 
 Yet slower yet ; O faintly, gentle springs : 
 List to the heavy part the music bears. 
 
 Woe weeps out her division, when she sings. 
 Droop herbs and flowers. 
 Fall grief in showers. 
 Our beauties are not ours ; 
 O, I could still. 
 Like melting snow upon some craggy hill. 
 
 Drop, drop, drop, drop, 
 Since nature's pride is now a wither'd 
 daftbdil." 
 
 This lament of iEneas over Palinurus may remind 
 
 O'ermuch hast trusted, naked shalt thou 
 
 lie, 
 O Palinurus, on an unknown strand !" 
 
 Shakespeare's readers of the exquisite address of 
 Pericles to his dead queen, when committing her to 
 a watery grave : 
 
 " No light, no fire : th' unfriendly elements 
 Forgot thee utterly ; nor have I time 
 To give thee hallow'd to thy grave, but straight 
 Must cast thee, scarcely coffin'd, in the ooze ; 
 Where for a monument upon thy bones 
 And aye-remaining lamps, the belching whale 
 And humming water must o'erwhelm thy corpse. 
 Lying with simple shells." 
 
 Why ^neas should make no remark about the 
 loss of the rudder and piece of stern seems hard to 
 explain ; his steering his ship without a rudder is 
 still more unintelligible. Even in modern daj's, 
 with all the advantages of nautical and mechanical 
 skill, the loss of a rudder occasions no small con- 
 cern to a ship's company. 
 
 The language of the story seems to be much 
 better than the construction of it. Surely there 
 was no " dignus vindice nodus" in the case. 
 
 BOOK VI. 
 
 So speaks he weeping, and upon the 
 fleet 
 
 Let loose the reins, and softly gains at 
 last 
 
 Cumse's Euboean coasts. They veer around 
 
 The prows towards ocean ; then with grip- 
 ing fang 
 
 The anchor firmed the ships, and fringe 
 the shores 
 
 Their arching sterns. A band of youths 
 springs forth 
 
 In fervor on Hesperia's strand. Some 
 seek 
 
 The seeds of fire concealed in veins of 
 flint; 
 
 Some scour wild creatures' matted shrouds. 
 
 The forests j and discovered floods re- 
 veal. 10 
 
 But good .^neas to the tow'rs, whereon 
 
 LineZ. Milton alludes to other artificial modes 
 of striking a light : 
 
 " While the winds 
 Blow moist and keen, shattering the grateful locks 
 Of these fair spreading trees ; which bids us seek 
 Some better shroud, some better warmth to cherish 
 Our limbs benumb'd, ere this diurnal star 
 Leave cold the night, how we his gather'd beams 
 Reflected may with matter sere foment ; 
 Or by collision of two bodies, grind 
 The air attrite to fire." /'. L., x. end. 
 
 Apollo guardian sits aloft, and far 
 
 To th' awful Sibyl's cloisters, — cavern 
 
 huge, — 
 Repairs ; in whom a giant intellect 
 And spirit does the Delian seer inbreathe, 
 And opes [events] to come. They enter 
 
 now 
 The groves of Trivia, and his gilded domes. 
 Daedalus, as goes the legend, as he flies 
 The realms of Minos on his sweepy wings. 
 Adventuring to trust him to the sky, 20 
 Along a wontless region floated off" 
 To th' icy Bears, and on the Chalcian height 
 Alighted airily at last. Restored 
 To these lands first, O Phoebus, unto thee 
 He sanctified the oarage of his wings. 
 And reared a monster fane. Upon the 
 
 doors 
 Androgens' death ; then, penalties to pay 
 Ceropians doomed, — O piteous plight ! — 
 
 by sevens 
 Each year the bodies of their progeny ; 
 Stands, — drawn the lots, — the urn. On 
 
 th' other side, 30 
 
 12. " Its uplands sloping deck the mountain's side, 
 Woods over woods in gay theatric pride ; 
 While oft some temple's mould'ring tops between 
 With memorable grandeur mark the scene." 
 
 Goldsmith, Traveller. 
 
V. 3 3—43. 
 
 BOOK VI. 
 
 V. 43—64. 
 
 175 
 
 Upraised from Ocean, answers Gnosus* land. 
 Here the inhuman passion for a bull, 
 And, prostituted through an artifice, 
 Pasiphae ; and her confounded birth. 
 And twain-shaped imp, the Minotaur, 
 } stands there, 
 
 i Memorials of her execrable lust ; 
 
 Here is that toilful work of his abode. 
 And its inextricable maze. But sooth, 
 The mighty passion of the royal maid 
 Commiserating, Daedalus himself 40 
 
 The cheats and windings of the dome un- 
 
 clewed, 
 Directing random footsteps by a thread. 
 Thou, too, a leading share in such a noble 
 
 work. 
 Might grief allow, O Icarus, would'st 
 
 hold. 
 He twice essayed upon the gold to grave 
 Thy fall ; twice dropped thy father's hands. 
 
 Yea, all 
 They in succession with their eyes would 
 
 scan, 
 Had not Achates, in advance despatched. 
 Been present now, and, in his company, 
 Priestess of Phoebus and the Trivian [maid], 
 Deiophobe of Glaucus [daughter], who 51 
 Such like pronounces to the king : "This 
 
 hour 
 Exacteth not these, gazings for itself; 
 Now to be slaying from the herd untouched 
 Sev'n steers were meeter, just as many ewes 
 Of two years' old, in customed fashion 
 
 culled." 
 Having addressed ^neas in such words 
 (Nor do the men the holy rites enjoined 
 Delay), the Teucri to the lofty fane 
 The priestess calls. Th' Eubcean clifTs 
 
 huge side 60 
 
 Is scooped into a cavern, whither lead 
 
 38. "A stately palace he forthwith did build ; 
 Whose intricate innumerable ways, 
 With such confused errours, so beguil'd 
 Th' unguided entrers with uncertain strays, 
 And doubtful turnings kept them in delays ; 
 With bootless labour leading them about. 
 Able to find no way, nor in, nor out." 
 
 Daniel, Complaint 0/ Rosafnond. 
 
 " Well knew'st thou what a monster I would be. 
 When thou didst build this labyrinth for me. 
 Whose strange meanders, turning ev'ry way. 
 Be like the course wherein my youth did stray : 
 Only a clue doth guide me out and in. 
 But yet still walk I circular in sin." 
 
 Drayton, Rosamond to King Henry. 
 
 45. " Tis strange my master should be yet so 
 
 young 
 A puppy, that he cannot see his fall. 
 And got so near the sun." 
 
 J. Fletcher, 'J'fu Noble Gentleman, i. i. 
 
 61. Yalden, in his fine Hymn to Darkness ^ xiii. : 
 
 Wide avenues a hundred, hundred gates, 
 Whence just as many voices sally forth, 
 The Sibyl's answers. To the threshold 
 
 they 
 Were come, when cries the maid : *' To 
 
 claim the fates 
 'Tis time : the god ! behold the god 1" With 
 
 whom. 
 While [words] the like she speaks before 
 
 the doors, 
 Upon a sudden neither mien, nor hue 
 Are uniform, nor trim remained her locks ; 
 But heaving stands her breast, and, frenzy- 
 wild, 70 
 Her heart is swelling up : and she appears 
 P^nlarged [in figure], neither utt'ring [tone] 
 Of mortals, seeing she is breathed upon 
 By now a closer power of the god. 
 *' Dost thou betake thee idly to thy vows 
 And prayers, Troy-born ^neas?" she 
 
 exclaims ; 
 "Dost thou betake thee idly? for ere- 
 
 then 
 Shall not yawn open the enormous jaws 
 Of the astounded mansion." And the 
 
 like 
 She having spoken held her peace. Ice- 
 cold 80 
 Throughout the hardy bones of Teucer's 
 
 sons 
 A shudder ran, and prayers the monarch 
 
 pours 
 From out his bosom's depth : ** O Phcebus, 
 
 who 
 Hast ever pitied Troja's weighty woes, 
 Who Paris' Dardan shafts and hands didst 
 
 aim 
 Against the body of ^Eacides ; 
 So many seas, vast lands encircling, I 
 Have entered, — thou my giiide, — and, far 
 
 withdrawn, 
 The clans of the Massylians, and the fields, 
 Dispread in front by Syrtes ; now at last 90 
 The flying coasts of Italy we grasp. 
 May Troja's fate have followed us thus far ! 
 O ye, too, it is lawful now to spare 
 The Pergamean race, — e'en all ye gods 
 And goddesses, to whom hath stood op- 
 posed 
 
 " In caves of night, the oracles of old 
 
 Did all their mysteries unfold : 
 
 Darkness did first Religion grace, 
 
 Gave terrours to the god, and reverence to the 
 place." 
 
 72. " The Pj'thian goddess 
 
 Is dumb and sullen, till with fury fill'd 
 She spreads, she rises, growing to the sight. 
 She stares, she foams, she raves ; the awful secrctu 
 Burst from her trembling lips, and case the tortur'd 
 maid." Smith, I'hudra and Hip^olytuSt i. 1. 
 
176 
 
 V. 64—87. 
 
 THE JENEID. 
 
 V. 87 — 108. 
 
 Our Ilium and Dardania's high renown. 
 Do thou too, O most holy prophetess, 
 Foresightful of futurity, vouchsafe, — 
 Realms not undue to my own fates I claim, — 
 That Teucri may in Latium settle down, 
 And wand'ring gods and hunted Pow'rs of 
 
 Troy. loi 
 
 I then to Phoebus, and the Trivian [maid], 
 A fane of solid marble will appoint, 
 And days of festival from Phoebus' name. 
 Thee also there awaits within my realm 
 A stately sanctuary ; for I here 
 Thy oracles and mystical replies, 
 Pronounced to my own nation, will lay up. 
 And chosen men, boon [maiden], sanctify. 
 Only to leaves thy verses do not trust, no 
 Lest, troubled, they may flit abroad, the 
 
 sport 
 Of sweepy winds : pray chant them thou 
 
 thyself." 
 An end he made of speaking with his lips. 
 
 But not as yet of Phoebus tolerant, 
 Wild raves the prophetess within the cave. 
 If she the mighty god from out her breast 
 Can shake : so much the more he tires her 
 
 mouth 
 Of fury, taming down her hagard heart. 
 And by his pressure moulds her [to his will]. 
 And now the dome's one hundred vasty 
 
 gates 120 
 
 Flew open of their own accord, and waft 
 The prophetess' replies through air: "O 
 
 thou, 
 "Who art at last discharged from mighty risks 
 Of sea, yet heavier of the land remain. 
 Into Lavinium's realms the Dardan sons 
 Shall come ; — chase this disquiet from thy 
 
 breast ;— 
 But that they'd come they shall not also wish. 
 Wars, dreadful wars, and with a flood of 
 
 blood 
 
 98. " Thou fathom'st the deep gulf of ages past. 
 And canst pluck up with ease 
 The years when thou dost please : 
 Like shipwreck'd treasures, by rude tempests cast 
 
 Long since into the sea, 
 Brought up again to light and public use by thee. 
 
 Nor dost thou only dive so low, but fly 
 With an unwearied wing the other way on high, 
 Where fates among the stars do grow ; 
 And there, with piercing eye. 
 Through the firm shell and the thick white dost spy 
 
 Years to come a-forming lie. 
 Close in their sacred secundine asleep, 
 
 Till hatch'd by the sun's vital heat. 
 Which o'er them yet does brooding set. 
 They life and motion get. 
 And, ripe at last, with vigorous might 
 Break through the shell, and take their everlasting 
 flight." Cowley, Pindaric Odes, The Muse. 
 
 127. "But e'en shall wish that they had never 
 come." 
 
 The Tiber in a foam do I perceive. 
 
 To thee shall not a Simois, nor Xanthus, 
 
 Nor camp of Dorians [there] be lacking 
 
 found ; 131 
 
 A new Achilles there is now secured 
 In Latium, aye himself a goddess' son. 
 Neither shall Jimo, to the Teucri linked. 
 In any quarter be aloof ; whilst thou 
 In humble fashion, in thy state of want, — 
 What nations of the Itali, or what 
 The cities [thou] shalt not have craved ! 
 
 The cause 138 
 
 Of such a grievous woe once more a bride, 
 The hostess of the Teucri, and once more 
 Foreign espousals. Yield thou not to woes ; 
 But, in their face, the bolder go, as thee 
 Thy fortune shall allow. The foremost path 
 Of safety, which thou dost imagine least. 
 Shall from a Grecian city be disclosed." 
 In such like accents from her shrine 
 
 chants forth 
 The Cuman Sibyl dreadful mysteries. 
 And through the cave rebellows, with the 
 
 dark 
 The true enwrapping. O'er the frenzied 
 
 [maid] 
 These curbs Apollo shakes, and plies his 
 
 goads 150 
 
 Beneath her breast. As soon as paused her 
 
 rage, 
 And madding lips reposed, hero ^Eneas 
 Begins: "No phase of toils, O maid, to 
 
 me 
 Arises strange or unexpected : all 
 Have I forestalled, and in my mind ere now 
 Gone o'er them with myself. One thing I 
 
 crave : 
 Since here the portal of the hellish king 
 Is said [to lie], and, fraught with murk, the 
 
 fen, 
 From Acheron o'erflowed, that it may prove - 
 My lot to wend my journey to the gaze 
 
 139. Hermia says to Helena : 
 
 " You, mistress, all this coil is long of you." 
 Shakespeare, Midsummer Night's Dream, iii. 2. 
 
 142. The Bastard to King John : 
 
 Be great in act, as you have been in thought ; 
 
 Let not the world see fear, and sad distrust. 
 
 Govern the motion of a kingly eye : 
 
 Be stirring as the time : be fire with fire : 
 
 Threaten the threat'ner ; and outface the brow 
 
 Of bragging horror ; so shall inferior eyes. 
 
 That borrow their behaviours from the great, 
 
 Grow great by 3'our example, and put on 
 
 The dauntless spirit of resolution." 
 
 Shakespeare, King John, v. i. 
 
 Whate'er it be, be thou still like thyself, 
 And sit thee by our side : yield not thy neck 
 To fortune's yoke, but let thy dauntless mind 
 Still ride in triumph over all mischance." 
 
 3 K. Henry VI,, iii. 3. 
 
V. io8 — 139. 
 
 BOOK VL 
 
 V, 129 — 143. 
 
 177 
 
 And presence of my darling sire ; that thou 
 Would'st teach the route, and ope the holy 
 
 gates. 162 
 
 Him I through flames and thousand chasing 
 
 darts 
 Saved on these shoulders, and from *mid 
 
 the foe 
 Recovered ; he attended on my path ; 
 All seas along with me, and all the threats 
 Alike of ocean and of sky, he bore ; — 
 Infirm, beyond the strength and lot of eld. 
 Yea that in lowly guise 1 thee should seek. 
 And thresholds thine approach, imploring 
 
 me, 170 
 
 The selfsame charges gave. Both son and 
 
 sire. 
 Kind [maid], compassionate, I entreat ; 
 (For thou canst all things, nor hath Hecat 
 
 thee 
 In vain appointed o'er Avemian groves ;) 
 If Orpheus could his consort's ghost evoke. 
 Resting on Thracian lute and tuneful 
 
 strings ; 
 If Pollux ransomed by alternate death 
 A brother ; goes, too, and returns the way 
 
 so oft ; — 
 Why mighty Theseus, why Alcides, name ? 
 My birth, too, is from Jupiter supreme." 
 In accents such he sued, and th' altars 
 
 held, 181 
 
 When thus the prophetess began to speak ; 
 *' O sprung from blood of gods, thou child 
 
 of Troy, 
 Son of Anchises, easy the descent 
 T' Avemus ; night and day lies ope the gate 
 Of ghastly Dis : but to recall the step, 
 And to effect escape to upper air, — 
 This is the difficulty, this the toil. 
 
 176. Julio attributes a similar power to his fair 
 one's voice : 
 
 " And when she speaks, oh, angels, then music 
 (Such as old Orpheus made, that gave a soul 
 To aged mountains, and made rugged beasts 
 Lay by their rages ; and tall trees, that knew 
 No sound but tempests, to bow down their 
 
 branches. 
 And hear and wonder ; and the sea, whose surges 
 Shook their white heads in heaven, to be as 
 
 midnight 
 Still and attentive) steals into our souls 
 So suddenly and strangely, that we are 
 From that time no more ours, but what she 
 
 pleases !" Fletcher, The Captain, ii. i. 
 
 184. " But easy is the way and passage plaine 
 To Pleasure's pallace ; it may soone be spide, 
 And day and night her dores to all stand open wide." 
 Spenser, F. Q., li. 3, 41. 
 
 " But many shapes 
 Of Death, and many are the ways that lead 
 To his grim cave, all dismal." Milton, P. L., xi. 
 
 188. " Long is the way 
 
 And hard, that out of Hell leads up to light ; 
 
 The few, whom Jove hath in his kindness 
 
 loved, 
 Or glowing merit lifted to the sky, 190 
 The children of the gods, have had the 
 
 power. 
 All intervening^ [regions] forests hold. 
 And Cocyt, gliding with his black embrace, 
 Environs them. But if such deep desire. 
 If yearning so intense possess thy mind. 
 Twice o'er the Stygian pools to float, twice 
 
 view 
 The murky Tartarus, and thee it joys 
 To yield thy spirit to the wild emprise, 
 Receive what needs must be accomplished 
 
 first. 
 There lurks within a shady tree a bough 
 Of gold, alike in leaves and lither spray, . 
 To Juno of the nether world pronounced 
 Devote : this all the grove imbow'rs, and 
 
 shades 203 
 
 With darkling glens, inclose. But 'tis not 
 
 deigned 
 Beneath the hidden [spots] of earth to pass. 
 Before one shall have cropped away the 
 
 sprigs 
 With golden tresses from the tree. This gift. 
 Her own, to be presented to herself 
 Hath beauteous Proserpine ordained. The 
 
 first 
 
 Our prison strong ; this huge convex of fire 
 Outrageous to devour, immures us round 
 Ninefold ; and gates of burning adamant, 
 Barr'd ove» us, prohibit all egress. 
 These pass'd, if any pass, the void profound 
 Of unessential night receives him next. 
 Wide gaping, and with utter loss of being 
 Threatens him, plunged in that abortive gulf. 
 If thence he scape into whatever world. 
 Or iinkno%vn region, what remains him less 
 Than unknown dangers, and as hard escape V* 
 
 Par. Lost, ii. 
 
 190. " How just our pride, when we behold those 
 
 heights ! 
 Not those ambition paints in air, but those 
 Reason points out, and ardent virtue gains. 
 And angels emulate ; our pride how just ! 
 When mount we ? when these shackles cast ? when 
 
 quit 
 This cell of the creation ? this small nest, 
 Stuck in a corner of the universe. 
 Wrapt up in fleecy cloud and fine-spun air ? 
 Fine-spun to sense ; but gross and feculent 
 To souls celestial ; souls ordain'd to breathe 
 Ambrosial gales, and drink a purer sky : 
 Greatly triumphant on Time's further shore. 
 Where virtue reigns, enrich'd with full arrears ; 
 While pomp imperial begs an alms of peace." 
 
 Young, The Complaint, N. 6. 
 " To chase each partial purpose from his breast ; 
 And through the mists of passion and of sense. 
 And through the tossing tide of chance and pain, 
 To hold his course unfaltering, while tnc voice 
 Of Truth and Virtue, np the steep ascent 
 Of nature, calls him to his high rewaro. 
 The applauding smile of Heaven." 
 Akcnside, Pleasures of Intagination, i. 160-6. 
 
 N 
 
178 
 
 V. 143 — 167. 
 
 THE jENEID. 
 
 V. 168 — 191. 
 
 Plucked off, fails not a second [bough] of 
 gold, 210 
 
 And with like metal does the shoot begin 
 To leaf. Aloft then seaixh it with thine 
 
 eyes. 
 And duly cull it with thy hand when found. 
 For freely it will follow of itself, 
 And readily, if thee the Weirds invite : 
 Thou else wilt not have pow'r by any 
 
 strength 
 To master it, nor wrench it off with stub- 
 born steel. 
 Moreo'er, lies dead the body of thy friend, — 
 Alas ! thou know'st it not, — and thy whole 
 
 fleet 
 It taints with death, while my advices thou 
 Art seeking, and delaying in my door. 
 In his own resting-place consign him first. 
 And hearse him in the grave. Bring sable 
 flocks : 223 
 
 Be these the first atonements; Thus at last 
 The groves of Styx, and realms impassable 
 To living [beings], thou shalt view." She 
 
 said. 
 And with a tightened lip she dumb became, 
 ^neas, downcast in his eyes, with 
 mournful look, 
 Fares on, the cavern leaving, and in mind 
 Revolves the hidden issues with himself ; 
 To whom the stanch Achates comrade 
 goes, 231 
 
 And firms his footsteps, [filled] with like 
 
 concerns. 
 Much they between them in diverse dis- 
 course 
 Conferred, — what lifeless mate the pro- 
 phetess 
 Could mean, what body was to be ingraved. 
 And they Misenus on the droughty beach. 
 When came they, see by death unworthy 
 
 killed ;— 
 Misenus, son of ^olus, than whom 
 None else more eminent with bronze to 
 
 rouse 
 The crews, and Mars to kindle with the 
 strain. 240 
 
 Of mighty Hector he had been the mate ; 
 Round Hector, e'en with clarion and with 
 
 spear 
 Distinguished, was he wont to meet the 
 frays. 
 
 221. Or: "and dost on my threshold hang." 
 But it is not easy to preserve the metaphor in 
 pendes, without conveying the notion of a different 
 kind of dependence from that which the poet had 
 in view. 
 
 236. Atquc (v. 162) has almost the force of 
 " stra'ghtway." See Wagner, Qucest. Firg: xxxv. 
 
 As soon as him the conquering Achilles 
 Berobbed of life, t' ^Eneas Dardan-bom 
 Had the thrice-gallant hero joined himself 
 As comrade, following no meaner [fates]. 
 But then, while haply he on hollow shell 
 With music fills the seas, and in his strain 
 To contests madly challenges the gods, 250 
 The jealous Triton, — if 'tis worth belief, — 
 Had plunged the hero, 'mongst the rocks 
 
 surprised, 
 Upon the foamy billow. Therefore all 
 With lusty outcry shouted round ; in chief 
 The good -^neas. Then the Sibyl's 
 
 orders, — 
 There's no delay, — in tears do they des- 
 patch. 
 And th' altar of the sepulchre to pile 
 With trees, and stretch it forth to heav'n, 
 
 they strive. 
 The route is taken to an ancient wood. 
 Wild creatures' lofty lairs. Down fall 
 
 pitch-pines ; 260 
 
 W^ith axes stricken does the ilex ring ; 
 And ashen timbers, and the splitting oak 
 Is cleft with wedges ; towards it roll they 
 
 on 
 Huge mountain-ashes from the mounts. 
 
 Yea too, 
 .^neas, 'mid such toils the foremost, cheers 
 His mates, and with like weapons is 
 
 equipped. 
 And these himself within his own sad heart 
 Revolves, while gazing on the boundless 
 
 wood. 
 And thus with voice he prays : "Would 
 
 heav'n that now 
 To us that golden branch upon the tree 270 
 Would show itself within a grove so vast ! 
 Since all with truth, — alas ! with too much 
 
 [truth],— 
 Of thee the prophetess, Misenus, spake." 
 These [words] he scarce had uttered, when 
 
 by chance 
 Two doves, before the hero's very face. 
 Swooped from the firmament upon the wing, 
 
 248. Misenus was not so modest, and perhaps not 
 so skilful, as P. Fletcher represents Thelgon in one 
 of his charming Eclogues : 
 " I have a pipe, which once thou loved'st well, 
 (Was never pipe that gave a better sound,) 
 Which oft to heare, fair Thetis from her cell, 
 Thetis, the queen of seas, attended round 
 With hundred nymphs, and many powers that 
 dwell 
 In th' ocean's rocky walls, came up to heare, 
 And gave me gifts, which still for thee lye hoarded 
 here." Piscatory Eclogues, i. 19. 
 
 269. Notwithstanding all that Wagner says, y<7r/^ 
 (v. 186) seems to make nonsense of the passage. 
 Nor does the objection to voce, — for which there is 
 very good authority, — seem to be worth very much. 
 
V. 192 — 209. 
 
 BOOK VL 
 
 V. 209—231. 
 
 179 
 
 And lighted down upon the sward of green. 
 Then does the highest hero recognize 
 His mother's birds, and blithe he prays : 
 
 " Be ye, 
 O [be] my guides, if any path there lies, 
 And steer through air your passage to the 
 
 groves, 281 
 
 Where shades the precious bough the 
 
 fruitful soil. 
 And thou, O goddess-mother, fail me not 
 In my uncertain state." Thus having said, 
 He checked his footsteps, watching what 
 
 the signs 
 They furnish, whither they proceed to pass. 
 In feeding they so far advance on wing, 
 As could the eyes of those pursuing keep 
 Witliin their view. Thereon, what time 
 
 they came 
 Up to Avernus' noisome-smelling jaws, 290 
 They mount them fleet, and through the 
 
 crystal air 
 Gliding away, upon the perch desired. 
 Atop the double tree, they settle, whence 
 A chequered sheen of gold throughout the 
 
 boughs 
 Gleamed back. As mistletoe is wont in 
 
 woods 
 In cold of winter to be green with leaf 
 New [-born], (which soweth not its native 
 
 tree,) 
 And with its saffron offspring to enring 
 The rounded branches : suchlike was the 
 
 guise 
 Of the gold leafing on the shady holm ; 300 
 
 287. Spenser makes use of the same agency to 
 bring the heart-broken Squire to Belphcebe : 
 " The same he tooke, and with a riband new. 
 In which his ladies colours were, did bind 
 About the turtle's necke, that with the vew 
 Did greatly solace his engrieved mind. 
 All unawares the bird, when she did find 
 Herselfe so deckt, her nimble wings displaid. 
 And flew away as lightly as the wind : 
 Which sodaine accident him much dismaid ; 
 And, looking after long, did mark which way she 
 straid, 
 But whenas long he looked had in vaine, 
 Yet saw her forward still to make her flight. 
 His weary eie return'd to him againe. 
 Full of discomfort and disquiet plight. 
 That both his iuell he had lost so light. 
 And eke his deare companion of his care. 
 But that sweet bird departing flew forthright. 
 Through the wide region of the wastfuU aire, 
 Untiil she came where wonned his Beiphebe fair." 
 , F. Q., iv. 8, 7, 8. 
 
 993. Gemtnd, rather than ^emitue, has the au- 
 thority of the best manuscripts. Geminte looks 
 very awkward and intrusive, while it is doubtful 
 that Virgil ever uses the word at all with an ellipsis 
 of the noun. 
 
 There seems to be as little doubt about the mean- 
 ing as about the lection. It would be an abrupt 
 weakness, quite below the poet, to introduce the 
 
 The foil thus tinkled in the balmy breeze. 
 yEneas in a moment seizes it, 
 And, eager, breaks away the coying [bough], 
 And bears it to the Sibyl -seer's abode. 
 
 Nor less meanwhile Misenuson the shore 
 The Teucri wept, and paid the latest [dues] 
 To thankless ashes. First, with pitch-pines 
 
 rich 
 And oak cut up, a mighty pyre they reared ; 
 Whose sides they interlace with sombre 
 
 leaves, 
 And deathly cypresses in front erect, 310 
 And grace it o'er with gleaming arms. A 
 
 part 
 Warm waters, and bronze vessels, surging up 
 Through flames, prepare, and wash and 
 
 oint the corpse 
 Of him death-cold. Up springs a groan. 
 
 They then 
 The limbs, be wept, upon a couch lay down, 
 And o'er them fling his purple wardrobe, 
 
 wraps 
 Well known. Some underwent the mighty 
 
 bier, — 
 Sad service, — and in fashion of their sires 
 A torch, laid underneath, averted held. 
 Together huddled are consumed their gifts 
 Of incense, viands, jars with oil outpoured. 
 Soon as the ashes had fall'n in, and slept 
 The flame, with wine they moistened the 
 
 remains 323 
 
 And spongy embers ; and the gathered 
 
 bones 
 In bronzen casket Corinzeus umed. 
 The same thrice circled with the crystal wave 
 His comrades, sprinkling them with filmy 
 
 dew, 
 And branch of blessed olive, and the men 
 He purified, and spake the latest words. 
 
 element of a fork in the tree in this way ; indeed 
 to mention it at all would be trifling. He is all 
 along dwelling upon the double character of the 
 tree, in consequence of the presence of an extraneous 
 branch. 
 
 317. " Most worthy soldiers. 
 
 Let me entreat your knowledge to inform me 
 What noble body that is, which you bear 
 With such a sad and ceremonious grief. 
 As if ye meant to woo the world and nature 
 To be in love with death." 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Bonduca, v. i. 
 
 329. P. Fletcher beautifully makes Love, or 
 Charity, perform such offices : Purple Island, ix. 
 46: 
 
 " And when the dead, by cruel tyrants* spite, 
 Lie out to rav'nous birds and beasts expos'd. 
 His yearnful heart pitying that wretched sight. 
 In seemly graves their weary flesh enclos'd, 
 And strew'd with dainty flow'rs the lowiy 
 
 hearse ; 
 Then all alone the last words did rehearse. 
 Bidding them softly sleep in his sad sighing verse." 
 N 2 
 
:8o 
 
 V. 232 — 242. 
 
 THE jENEID, 
 
 242 — 266. 
 
 But g-ood i^neas rears of massy bulk 330 
 
 The barrow, and the hero's arms, his own, 
 
 Both oar and trump, beneath a skyey mount ; 
 
 That which "Misenus" now from him is 
 called, 
 
 And holds through ages his undying name. 
 These [rites] discharged, in haste he car- 
 ries out 
 
 The Sibyl's orders. Stood a cavern deep, 
 
 And huge with chasm enormous, rife in 
 crags. 
 
 Fenced by a pitchy mere and gloom of 
 woods ; 
 
 O'er which no flying creatures could, un- 
 scathed, 
 
 A voyage steer upon their wings : such 
 steam, 340 
 
 Forth flushing from its murky jaws, would 
 waft 
 
 Its form to th* arch of heav'n ; wherefrom 
 the spot 
 
 336. " An hydeous hole al vaste, withouten shape 
 Of endless depth, orewhelmde with rugged stone, 
 Wyth ougly mouth, and grisly jawes doth gape. 
 And to our sight confounds it selfe in one. 
 Here entred we, and geding forth, anone 
 An horrible lothly lake we might discerne 
 As black as pitche that cleped is Averne. 
 A deadly gulfe where nought but rubbish grows. 
 With fowle black swelth in thickned lumpes lies, 
 Which up in the ayer such stinking vapors throwes, 
 That over there may fly no fowle but dyes, 
 Choakt with the pestilent savours that aryse." 
 
 This extract is made from a very early imitation 
 of Virgil by Sackville, called "Induction to A 
 Mirrour for Magistrates." 
 
 Spenser makes Night, at Duessa's request, carry 
 Sansfoy to hell to be healed by ^sculapius, in 
 which account he finely imitates Virgil, but with 
 some grand original touches : 
 
 " Thence turning backe in silence softe they stole, 
 And brought the heavie corse with easie face 
 To yawning gulfe of deepe Avernus hole : 
 By that same hole an entrance dark and bace. 
 With smoake and sulphur hiding all the place. 
 Descends to Hell : there creature never past. 
 That backe retourned without heavenly grace ; 
 But dreadful furies, which their chaines have 
 
 brast. 
 And damned sprights sent forth to make ill men 
 aghast. 
 " By that same way the direfull dames do drive 
 Their mournefull charett, fild with rusty blood, 
 And downe to Plutoe's house are come bilive : 
 Which passing through, on every side them stood 
 The trembling ghosts with sad amazed mood, 
 Chattring their iron teeth, and staring wide 
 With stonifi eies ; and all the hellish brood 
 Of fiends infernal! flockt on every side, 
 To gaze on erthly wight, that with the Night 
 durst ride." F. Q., i. 5, 31, 2. 
 
 339. "All that were made for man's use fly this 
 
 desert ; 
 No airy fowl dares make his flight over it. 
 It is so ominous. 
 
 Serpents and ugly things, the shames of nature. 
 Roots of ijialignant tastes, foul standing waters." 
 J. Fletcher, The Sea Voyage, i. 3. 
 
 The Grecians have entitled by the name 
 " Aornos." Here four bullocks, swart of 
 
 back. 
 First sets the priestess, and upon their brow 
 The wines pours over, and the topmost hairs 
 Cropping amid the centre of their horns, 
 She places them upon the holy fires, — 
 The first libations, — calling with her voice 
 On Hecat, puissant both in heaven and hell. 
 Knives others plant beneath [their throats], 
 and catch 351 
 
 The milk-warm blood in bowls. .^Eneas, 
 
 e'en 
 Himself, a female lamb of sable fleece, 
 Unto the mother of the Fury-train, 
 And her high sister, with the falcion stabs ; 
 A barren cow, too, Proserpine, to thee. 
 Then to the Monarch of the Styx he founds 
 His nightly altars, and the flesh entire 
 Of bulls he lays upon the flames, rich oil 
 O'er burning entrails pouring down. But lo ! 
 Just at the rays and dawn of th' infant sun, 
 The ground is rumbling underneath their 
 feet, 362 
 
 And 'gan the heights of forests to be stirred, 
 And dogs were seen to yell throughout the 
 
 gloom, — 
 The goddess drawing nigh. "Far, oh! 
 
 far hence 
 Avaunt, profane !" loud cries the pro- 
 phetess, 
 "And from the grove entire withdraw; 
 
 and thou 
 Start forward on thy way, and from its 
 
 sheath 
 Tear forth the falcion. Now for courage 
 
 need, 
 ^neas, now for steady heart." Thus much 
 She having uttered, frantic plunged her- 
 self _ ^ 371 
 Within the open cave. His guide, as she 
 Proceeds, he matches with undaunted steps. 
 Ye gods, whose sway is o'er the ghosts, 
 and ye. 
 Still Shadows ; Chaos, too, and Phlege- 
 
 thon ; 
 Spots silent far and wide in night ; — to me 
 Be it allowed what has been heard to speak ; 
 
 362. " But loe, while thus amid the desert darke, 
 We passed on with steppes and pace unmette : 
 A rumbling roar confusde with howle and bark 
 Of dogs, shoke all the ground under our feete, 
 And stroke the din within our ears so dcepe 
 As halfe distraught unto the ground I fell. 
 Besought retourne, and not to visite hell." 
 
 Sackville, Induction, 28. 
 
 364. Or, if gender must be observed : 
 
 " And through the gloom were bitches seen to 
 
 howl." 
 See note on Geo. i. /. 648. 
 
V. a66 — 373. 
 
 BOO/C VI. 
 
 y, 273— a74« 
 
 181 
 
 Be it allowed with your assent to ope 
 The things, in deep of earth and darkness 
 
 sunk. 
 They fared in gloom beneath the lonely 
 
 night, 380 
 
 Through shade, and through the tenantless 
 
 abodes 
 And empty realms of Dis. As by the fitful 
 
 moon, 
 Beneath her sullen light, a route is [ta'en] 
 In woods, when Jove hath buried heav'n 
 
 in shade. 
 And inky Night from Nature stripped her 
 
 hue. 
 Before the court itself, and hell's first jaws, 
 
 380. " The bottom of a well 
 
 At midnight, with but two stars on the top. 
 Were broad day to this darkness." 
 
 Shirley, TAe Lady of Pleasure, iv. i. 
 
 383. " O thievish Night, 
 
 Why shouldst thou, but for some felonious end. 
 In thy dark lantern thus close up the stars, 
 That Nature hung in heaven, and fiU'd their lamps 
 With everlasting oil, to give due light 
 To the misled and lonely traveller?" 
 " I did not err ; there does a silver cloud 
 Turn forth her silver lining on the night, 
 And casts a gleam over this tufted grove." 
 
 Milton, Comus. 
 " Now black, and deep, the night begins to fall, 
 A shade immense. Sunk in the quenching gloom. 
 Magnificent and vast, are Heaven and Earth. 
 Order confounded lies ; all beauty void: 
 Distinction lost ; and gay variety 
 One universal blot : such the fair power 
 Of light, to kindle and create the whole. 
 Drear is the state of that benighted wretch. 
 Who then, bewiider'd, wanders through the dark. 
 Full of pale fancies, and chimeras huge ; 
 Nor visited by one directive ray. 
 From cottage streaming, or from airy hall." 
 
 Thomson, Autumn. 
 
 385. Or, more literally : " from objects reft their 
 hue." 
 
 Savage has the same idea and its reverse. Speak- 
 ing of the sun : 
 *' What gay, creative power his presence brings I 
 
 Hills, lawns, lakes, villages ! — the face of things. 
 
 All night beneath successive shadows miss'd. 
 
 Instant begin in colours to exist." 
 
 The Wanderer, c, iv. 
 
 386-395. Spenser has different occupants of the 
 
 gates of hell : 
 
 " At length they came into a larger space. 
 That stretcht itself into an ample playne ; 
 
 \ Through which a beaten broad highway did trace. 
 That streight did lead to Plutoes griesly rayne : 
 By that wayes side there sate infernall Payne, 
 And fast beside him sat tumultuous Strife ; 
 The one in hand an yron whip did strayne. 
 The other brandished a bloody knife ; 
 
 And both did gnash their teeth, and both did 
 threaten life. 
 
 " On th' other side in one consort there sate 
 Cruell Revenge, and rancorous Despijjht, 
 Disloyall Treason, and hart-burning Hate ; 
 But gnawing Gealousy, out of their sight 
 
 Have Woe and vengeful Cares their pallets 
 laid ; 387 
 
 Sitting alone, his bitter lips did bight : 
 And trembling Fear still to and fro did fly. 
 And found no place where safe he shroud him 
 
 might : 
 Lamenting Sorrow did in darkness lye ; 
 And Shame his ugly face did hide from living eye. 
 
 ** And over them sad Horror with grim hew 
 Did alwaies sore, beating his yron wings : 
 And after him owles and night-ravens tlew. 
 The hateful messengers of heavy things." 
 
 F. Q., ii. 7, 20-2. 
 387. " Vengeful Cares." 
 
 " And first within the portche and jawes of hell 
 Sate diepe Remorse of Conscience, al besprent 
 With teares : and to her selfe oft would she tell 
 Her wretchednes, and cursing never stent 
 To sob and sigh : but ever thus lament 
 With thoughtful care, as she that all in vayne 
 Would weare and waste continually in payne. 
 
 " Her iyes unsteadfast rolling here and there, 
 Whurld on eche place, as place that vengeauns 
 
 brought. 
 So was her minde continually in feare. 
 Tossed and tormented with the tedious thought 
 Of those detested crymes which she had wrought ; 
 With dreadful cheare and lookes thrown to the 
 
 skye, 
 Wj'shyng for death, and yet she could not dye." 
 Sackville, Induction, 33, 3. 
 
 " O conscience ! into what abyss of fears 
 And horrors hast thou driven me ; out of which 
 I find no way, from deep to deeper plunged." 
 Adam's Soliloquy, Milton, P. L., ix. 
 
 " Thoughts, my tormentors, arra'd with deadly 
 stings. 
 Mangle my apprehensive tenderest parts. 
 Exasperate, exulcerate, and raise 
 Dire inflammation, which no cooling herb 
 Of med'cinal liquor can assuage. 
 Nor breath of vernal air from snowy Alp. 
 Sleep hath forsook and given me o'er 
 To death's benumbing opium as my only cure : 
 These faintings, swoonings of despair. 
 And sense of Heaven's desertion." 
 
 Samson Agonistes, 
 
 " No — 'tis the tale which angry conscience tells, 
 When she with more than tragic horrour swelU 
 Each circumstance of guilt; when stern, but 
 
 true. 
 She brings bad actions forth into review : 
 And, like the dread hand-writing on the wall. 
 Bids late Remorse awake at Reason's call ; 
 Arm'd at all points bids scorpion Vengeance pass, 
 And to the mind holds up Reflection's glass ; 
 The mind which, starting, heaves the heartfelt 
 
 groan. 
 And hates that form she knows to be her own." 
 Churchill, The Conference. 
 
 " O ! it is monstrous ! monstrous ! 
 Mcthought the billows spoke, and told me of it ; 
 The winds did sing it to me ; and the thunder. 
 That deep and dreadful organ-pipe, pronounc'd 
 The name of Prosper ; it did bass my trespass." 
 Sh;ikespcare, Tempest, iii. 3. 
 
 " coward conscience, how dost thou afflict mc ! 
 The lights burn blue. It is now dead midnight. 
 Cold fearful drops stand on my trembling flesh. 
 What do I fear If myself? there's none else by. 
 
I82 
 
 V. 275—279. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 279 — 294. 
 
 And wan Diseases haunt, and rueful Eld, 
 And Fear, and Hunger, counselling to 
 
 crime. 
 And grisly Want, — shapes awful to be 
 
 seen, — 390 
 
 And Death, and Toil ; then Death's own 
 
 kinsman, Sleep, 
 And guilty Joys of soul, and doomful War 
 
 Richard loves Richard ; that is, I am I. 
 
 Is there a murderer here ? No : — yes ; I am : 
 
 Then fly !— What ? from myself? Great reason : 
 
 why? 
 Lest I revenge. What? myself on myself? 
 Alack ! I love myself. Wherefore ? for any good, 
 That I myself have done unto myself? 
 Oh, no : alas ! I rather hate myself 
 For hateful deeds committed by myself. 
 I am a villain : yet I lie, I am not. 
 Fool, of thyself speak well: — Fool, do not 
 
 flatter. 
 My conscience hath a thousand several tongues, 
 And every tongue brings in a several tale. 
 And every tale condemns me for a villain. 
 Perjury, foul perjury, in the high'st degree, 
 Murder, stern murder, in the dir'st degree. 
 All several sins, all used in each degree. 
 Throng to the bar, crying all, — Guilty ! guilty !" 
 
 K. Richard III., v. 3. 
 388. " Wan Diseases." 
 
 " Immediately a place 
 Before his eyes appear'd, sad, noisome, dark ; 
 A lazar-house Jt seemed ; wherein were laid 
 Numbers of all diseased ; all maladies 
 Of ghastly spasm, or racking torture, qualms 
 Of heartsick agony, all feverous kinds, 
 Convulsions, epilepsies, fierce catarrhs. 
 Intestine stone and ulcer, colic-pangs. 
 Demoniac frenzy, moping melancholy. 
 And moonstruck madness, pining atrophy, 
 Marasmas, and wide-wasting pestilence. 
 Dropsies, and asthmas, and joint-racking rheums. 
 Dire was the tossing, deep the groans. Despair 
 Tended the sick busiest from couch to couch ; 
 And over them triumphant Death his dart 
 Shook, but delay'd to strike, though oft invok'd 
 With vow.s, as their chief good and final hope." 
 Milton, P. L., b. xi. 
 
 391. " At last this odious oftspring whom thou 
 
 seest, 
 Thine own begotten, breaking violent way. 
 Tore through my entrails, that, with fear and 
 
 pain 
 Distorted, all my nether shape thus grew 
 Transform'd, But he my inbred enemy 
 Forth issued, brandishing his fatal dart. 
 Made to destroy. I fled, and cried out Death I 
 Hell trembled at the hideous name, and sigh'd 
 From all her caves, and back resounded Death!" 
 Ibid., b. ii. 
 
 392. "Hateful confounders both of blood and laws, 
 Vile orators of shame, that plead delight ; 
 Ungracious agents in a wicked cause. 
 Factors for darkness, messengers of night. 
 Serpents of guile, devils that do unite 
 The wanton taste of that forbidden tree. 
 Whose fruit once pluck'd, will show how foul we 
 be." Daniel, Complaint of Rosamond. 
 
 " Have mercy. Heaven ! how have I been wan- 
 dering, 
 Wandering the way of lust, and left my Maker ! 
 
 Upon the fronting sill, and iron cells 
 Of Furies, and Disunion wild, enwreathed 
 Upon her snaky hair with gory bands. , 
 Amidst it spreads its boughs and aged arms 
 An elm umbrageous, huge ; which haunt, 
 
 they tell 
 Fantastic Dreams in clusters occupy, 
 And grapple to it under every leaf. 
 And many a portentous form beside 400 
 Of divers brutes are stalling in the doors, — 
 Centaurs, and Scyllae of a double guise. 
 And hundred-handed Briareus, and beast 
 Of Lema, hissing dread, and, armed with 
 
 flames, 
 Chimsera ; Gorgons, Harpies, too, and 
 
 shape 
 Of the three-bodied Ghost. Here grasps 
 
 his sword 
 ^neas, scared with sudden fear, and its 
 
 drawn edge 
 Against them he presents as they advance ; 
 And had not his companion in her lore 
 Reminded him that they were subtile 
 
 sprites, 410 
 
 Without a body, hovering around 
 Beneath the hollow phantom of a form, 
 He would have hurtled on them, and in vain 
 Have cut asunder spectres with a sword. 
 
 How have I slept like cork upon a water. 
 And had no feeling of the storm that toss'd me ! 
 Trod the blind paths of death ! forsook assurance. 
 Eternity of blessedness, for a woman !" 
 
 Fletcher, The Island Friticess, iv. 5. 
 
 398. Dryden gives a lively description of dreams 
 in a passage which he introduces into his transla- 
 tion of Chaucer's Nones Freestes. Tale : 
 " Dreams are but interludes, which Fancy makes ; 
 When monarch Reason sleeps, this mimic wakes : 
 Compounds a medley of disjointed things, 
 A mob of robbers, and a court of kings. 
 Light fumes are merry, grosser fumes are sad : 
 Both are the reasonable soul run mad. 
 And many wondrous forms in sleep we see. 
 That neither were, nor are, nor e'er can be. 
 Sometimes forgotten things long cast behind 
 Rush forward to the brain, and come to mind. 
 The nurse's legends are for truth receiv'd. 
 And the man dreams but what the boy believ'd." 
 The Cock and the Fox, 325. 
 
 " I talk of dreams ; 
 Which are the children of an idle brain. 
 Begot of nothing but vain fantasy ; 
 Which is as thin of substance as the air. 
 And more inconstant than the wind, who wooes 
 Even now the frozen bosom of the north. 
 And, being anger'd, puffs away from thence, 
 Turning his face to the dew-dropping South." 
 Shakespeare, Ro?)teo aftd Juliet, i. 4. 
 
 41Q. " Alas ! good venturous youth, 
 
 I love thy courage yet, and bold emprise ; 
 But here thy sword can do thee little stead." 
 Milton, Comtis. 
 
 414. Ariel, seeing Alonzo and his company draw 
 their swords, cries : 
 
V. 295 — 3o8. 
 
 BOOK VI. 
 
 V. 309 — 326. 
 
 183 
 
 Hence lies the path that leadeth to the 
 
 waves 
 Of the Tartarean Acheron. Troubled here 
 With mire and gorge prodigious, seethes 
 
 a gulf, 
 And into Cocyt belches all its sand. 
 These waters and the floods a ferryman. 
 Terrific, guards, of fearful filthiness, — 420 
 Charon ; upon whose chin full much of 
 
 hoary hair 
 Neglected lies ; stand [stiff ] his eyes inflame; 
 Down from his shoulders hangs his frowsy 
 
 garb 
 In knot. Himself his shallop with a pole 
 Shoves on, and tends the sails, and carries 
 
 o'er 
 The bodies in his boat of rusty hue. 
 Now old ; but flush and green the god's 
 
 old age. 
 Hither the throng, all tiding to the banks. 
 Kept rushing, — dames, and husbands, and 
 
 the forms 
 Of high-souled heroes, that have done with 
 
 life ; 430 
 
 Boys, and unwedded maids, and striplings, 
 
 laid 
 On piles before the presence of their sires : 
 
 " You fools ! I and my fellows 
 Are ministers of fate ; the elements 
 Of whom your swords are temper'd, may as well 
 Wound the loud winds, orwith bemock'd-at stabs 
 Kill the still closing waters, as diminish 
 One dowle that's in my plume." 
 
 Shakespeare, Tempest, iii. 3. 
 416. " Four infernal rivers, that disgorge 
 
 .Into the burning lake their baleful streams : 
 Abhorred Styx, the flood of deadly hate ; 
 Sad Acheron, of sorrow black and deep ; 
 Cocytus, named of lamentation loud, 
 Heard on the rueful stream ; fierce Phlegethon, 
 Whose waves of torrent fire inflame with rage : 
 Far off" from these, a slow and silent stream, 
 Lethe, the river of oblivion, rolls 
 Her watery labyrinth ; whereof who drinks 
 Forthwith his former state and being forgets, 
 Forgets both joy and grief, pleasure and pain." 
 Milton, P. L., b. ii. 
 
 427. " Age had not shed 
 That dust of silver o'er his sable locks, 
 
 Which spoke his strength mature beyond its 
 
 prime, 
 Yet vigorous still ; for from his healthy cheek 
 Time had not cropt a rose, or on his brow 
 One wrinkling furrow plough'd ; his eagle eye 
 Had all its youthful lightning." 
 
 Mason, English Garden, b. ii. 
 
 428. " Gape, earth, and let the fiends infernal view 
 A hell as hopeless, and as full of fear, 
 
 As are the blasted banks of Erebus, 
 
 Where shaking ghosts, with ever howling groans. 
 
 Hover about the ugly ferryman, 
 
 To get a passage to Elysium." 
 
 Marlowe, Tamburlaine the Great, v. a. 
 432. " First, Moloch, horrid king, besmear'd with 
 blood 
 Of human sacrifice, and parents' tears ; 
 
 As numerous as in the earliest cold 
 Of Autumn, in the forests gliding, fall 
 The leaves ; or numerous as birds to land 
 Together flock them from the gulf pro- 
 found. 
 When the chill year is chasing them across 
 The deep, and driving them to sunny 
 
 climes. 
 They stood, beseeching they might be the 
 
 first 
 To make the passage over, and out- 
 stretched 440 
 Their hands with yearning for the farther 
 
 bank. 
 Yet, takes the surly boatman in now these, 
 Now those ; but others, banished far aloof. 
 Debars he from the strand. VEneas, sooth, 
 In wonderment, and by the bustle moved, 
 Saith : "Tell me, O thou maiden, what 
 
 imports 
 The flocking to the river ? Or what seek 
 The ghosts ? Or by what diff 'rence these 
 
 the banks 
 Forsake, those sweep with oars the leady 
 
 shoals ?" 
 
 To him thus shortly th' aged priestess 
 
 spake : 450 
 
 ** Sired of Anchises, most undoubted child 
 
 Of gods, Cocytus' pools profound thou 
 
 seest. 
 And fen of Styx, by whose divinity 
 Are gods afraid to swear, and swear un- 
 truth. 
 All this which thou descriest is a throng, 
 Unholpen and ungraved ; yon ferryman 
 Is Charon ; these, whom wafts the wave, 
 the tombed. 
 
 "though, for the noise of drums and timbrels 
 
 loud, 
 Their children's cries unheard, that passed 
 
 through fire 
 To his grim idol." Milton. P. L., b. i. 
 
 438. " Part loosely wing the region, part more wise 
 In common, ranged in figure, wedge their way. 
 Intelligent of .seasons, and set forth 
 Their airy caravan, high over seas 
 Flying,, and over lands, with mutual wing 
 Easing their flight ; so steers the prudent crane 
 Her annual voyage, borne on winds ; the air 
 Floats as they pass, fann'd with unnumber'd 
 
 plumes." Ibid., b. vii. 
 
 " When Autumn scatters his departing gleams, 
 Warn'd of approaching Winter, gather'd, play 
 The swallow people ; and toss'd wide around, 
 O'er the calm sky, in convolution swift, 
 The feather'd eddy floats : rejoicing once, 
 Ere to their wintry slumbers they retire ; 
 In clusters hung, beneath the mouldering band. 
 And where, unpierced by frost, the cavern 
 
 sweats ; , 
 
 Or rather into warmer climes convc^^d. 
 With other kindred birds of se.-»son. ' 
 
 Thomson, Autumn. 
 
i84 
 
 V. 327—351. 
 
 THE A^NEID. 
 
 V. 351—361. 
 
 Nor is it giv'n to carry them across 
 
 The banks of terror, and the brawling 
 
 floods, 
 Before their bones have in their homes re- 
 posed. 460 
 A hundred years they stray and hover round 
 These shores : thereon admitted, they at 
 
 last 
 The pools sore wished-for come to view 
 
 again." 
 Anchises' offspring paused, and checked 
 
 his steps. 
 Revolving many a thought, and from his 
 
 soul 
 Compassionated their unrighteous lot. 
 There spies he sad, and lacking rite of 
 
 death, 
 Leucaspis, and the Lycian navy's chief, 
 Orontes ; whom, together borne from Troy 
 O'er gusty waters, Auster overwhelmed. 
 Ingulfing in the tide both ship and men. 
 
 Lo ! pilot Palinurus moved him on : 472 
 Who in the Libyan voyage late, while he 
 Remarks the stars, had fallen off the stern. 
 Flung forth amid the waves. Him, sorrow- 
 struck. 
 When he with difficulty recognized 
 In depth of gloom, he thus accosts him 
 
 first : 
 •* Who, Palinure, of gods reft thee from us, 
 And whelmed thee 'neath the middle of 
 
 the sea ? 
 Come say. For, not ere then found false, 
 my soul 480 
 
 By this one answer hath Apollo duped ; 
 Who chanted that thou shouldest on the 
 
 deep 
 Be safe, and at Ausonia's bourns arrive. 
 Behold ! is this his plighted faith ?" But 
 
 he: 
 * ' Nor thee hath Phoebus' oracle misled, 
 O prince, Anchises' son, nor did a god 
 In ocean plunge me : for the helm, by 
 
 chance 
 Through my excessive energy wrenched off. 
 Whereto I grappled, its appointed guard. 
 And steered our courses, in my headlong 
 fall 490 
 
 474. " Orion's shoulders and the Pointers serve 
 To be our loadstars in the lingering night ; 
 The beauties of Arcturus we behold : 
 And though the sailor is no bookman held, 
 He knows more art than ever bookmen read." 
 Robert Greene, A Looking-Glass for London. 
 
 4QO. " I saw your brother. 
 
 Most provident in peril, bind himself 
 (Courage and hope both teaching him the practice) 
 To a strong mast, that lived upon the sea ; 
 Where, like Arion on the dolphin's back, 
 1 saw him hold acquaintance with the waves." 
 Shakespeare, Twelfth Night, i. 2. 
 
 I Math me dragged away. By felon seas 
 I swear, that 1 no such intense alarm 
 On my behalf conceived, as lest thy ship. 
 Of tackle robbed, of pilot dispossessed. 
 Should fail thee in such heaving mountain- 
 waves. 
 Three wintry nights throughout the bound- 
 less seas 
 Did Notus bear me forceful o'er the tide : 
 On dawn the fourth scarce Italy I kenned. 
 High from the billow-top. By slow 
 
 degrees 
 I swam to land ; was now securing spots 
 Of safety, if a ruthless crew, as I 501 
 
 With reeking gear was cumbered, and with 
 
 hands 
 Inbent was clutching jaggy crests of rock, 
 Had not with steel assailed me, and in 
 ignorance 
 
 495. " Fail thee," or " founder." 
 
 Wolsey similarly protests his fidelity to his king : 
 
 " I do profess, 
 That for your highness' good I ever labour'd 
 More than mine own : that aim I have, and will. 
 Though all the world should crack their duty to 
 
 you. 
 And throw it from their soul ; though perils did 
 Abound, as thick as thought could make them, and 
 Appear in forms more horrid ; yet my duty. 
 As doth a rock against the chiding flood. 
 Should the approach of this wild river break. 
 And stand unshaken yours." 
 
 Shakespeare, K. Henry VIII., iii. 2. 
 
 500. " Francisco. Sir, he may live : 
 
 I saw him beat the surges under him. 
 And ride upon their backs ; he trod the water,, 
 Whose enmity he flung aside, and breasted 
 ,, The surge most swoln that met him ; his bold 
 head 
 'Bove the contentious waves he kept, and oar'd 
 Himself with his good arms in lusty stroke 
 To the shore, that o'er his wave-worn basis bow'd. 
 As stooping to relieve him : 1 not doubt 
 He came alive to land. 
 Alonzo. No, no, he's gone." 
 
 Shakespeare, Tempest, ii. i. 
 
 501. " I know among you some have oft beheld 
 A blood-hound train, by Rapine's lust impell'd. 
 On England's cruel coast impatient stand, 
 To rob the wanderers wreck'd upon their strand. 
 These, while their savage office the}' pursue. 
 Oft wound to death the helpless plunder'd crew. 
 Who, 'scap'd from ev'ry horror of the main, 
 Implor'd their mercy, but implor'd in vain." _ 
 Falconer, Shipwreck, c. ii. 
 
 " Then we're dellver'd twice : first from the sea. 
 And then from men, who, more remorseless, prey 
 On shipwreck'd wretches, and who spoil and 
 
 murder 
 Those whom fell tempests and devouring waves 
 In all their fury spared." 
 
 Lillo, Fatal Cttriosity, i. 3. 
 
 503. Mons (from emineo,) is strictly any promi- 
 nence. Here (v. 360) it cannot mean "moimtain," 
 as Palinurus could not have reached the top of a 
 mountain, while struggling for life in the water. 
 
T. 361 — 378. 
 
 BOOK VI. 
 
 V. 379—399. 
 
 A prize imagined. Holds me now the 
 
 surge, 
 And bandy me the winds about the shore. 
 Thee therefore by the joysome light and 
 
 gales 
 Of heaven ; by thy father, I entreat ; 
 By hopes of rising lulus, from these woes 
 Deliver me, unconquered [prince] ; or 
 
 earth 510 
 
 Do thou cast o'er me, — for thou hast the 
 
 power, — 
 And seek out Velia's havens ; or do thou, 
 If any means exist, if any [means] 
 Thy goddess-mother hath to thee disclosed, 
 (For not, I deem, without the will of gods. 
 O'er floods so mighty, and the Stygian fen. 
 Dost thou prepare to float,) thy right hand 
 
 lend 
 A wretch, and carry me away with thee 
 Along the waves, that I, at least in seats 
 Of peacefulness in death, may be at rest." 
 The like he'd spoken, when the like began 
 The prophetess : '* Whence this so dread 
 
 desire, 522 
 
 O Palinure, to thee ? Shalt thou, ungraved, 
 The Stygian waters, and the rigid tide 
 Of the Eumenides behold, or bank. 
 Unauthorised, approach ? Cease thou to 
 
 hope 
 That deities' decrees are warped by prayer. 
 But take in heedful mood [these] words [of 
 
 mine]. 
 Of thy sore plight the comforts : for thy 
 
 bones 
 Shall neighbor [nations] far and wide 
 
 throughout 530 
 
 506. " Bandy," or " racket." 
 " Ha ! total night and horrour here preside ; 
 My stunn'd ear tingles to the whizzing tide: 
 It is their funeral knell ! And, gliding near, 
 Methinks the phantoms of the dead appear, 
 But lo ! emerging from the wat'ry grave. 
 Again they float incumbent on the wave ; 
 Again the dismal prospect opens round, 
 The wreck, the shore, the dying, and the drown'd. 
 And see, enfeebled by repeated shocks. 
 Those two, who scramble on th' adjacent rocks, 
 Their faithless hold no longer can retain : 
 They sink o'erwhelm'd, and never rise again." 
 Falconer, Shipwreck, c. iii. 
 511. There is no small pathos and power in 
 Young's account of his committing Narcissa (Mrs. 
 Temple) to the grave in France ; where her corpse 
 fared as ill as did that of Palinurus : 
 " Denied the charity of dust to spread 
 O'er dust I A charity their dogs enjoy ! 
 What could I do? What succour? What resource? 
 With pious sacrilege a grave I stole ; 
 With impious piety that grave I wronged ; 
 Short in my duty ; coward in my grief! 
 More like her murderer, than friend, I crept, 
 With soft-suspended step, and muffled deep 
 In midnight darkness, whisper'd my last sigh." 
 Complaint, N. iii. 
 
 185 
 
 Their cities, by portents from heav'n en- 
 forced, 
 Appease, and rear a tomb, and at the tomb 
 Present their yearly ofT'rings, and the place 
 The deathless name of Palinure shall hold." 
 By these her words his cares were chased 
 
 away. 
 And banished from his dreary heart awhile 
 Its anguish : joys he in a name-sake land. 
 So they complete their route commenced, 
 
 and near 
 The river ; whom when from that quarter 
 
 now 
 The boatman from the Stygian wave espied 
 Advancing through the silent grove, and foot 
 Directing to the bank, on this wise he 542 
 Is foremost to accost them with his speech, 
 And chides them, unassailed : " Whoe'er 
 
 thou art. 
 Who armor-clad art marching on our 
 
 streams, 
 Come, say, why com'st thou? — now, — 
 
 from yonder spot, — 
 And check thy step. The place of Shades 
 
 is this. 
 Of Sleep and drowsy Night : 'twere felony 
 To waft live bodies in the Stygian bark. 
 Nor sooth have I rejoiced that I took in 
 Alcides passenger upon the pool ; 551 
 
 Nor Theseus and Pirithous, though they 
 Were sired of gods, and unsubdued in 
 
 might. 
 He with his hand the hellish warder sought 
 For fetters, — from our very monarch's 
 
 throne, — 
 And dragged him quaking : these, to force 
 
 away 
 Our mistress from the couching-hall of Dis, 
 Addressed themselves." In answer where- 
 
 unto 
 Spake briefly the Amphrysian prophetess : 
 *' Here no such ambush j cease to be dis- 
 turbed ; 560 
 
 535. " When humbly thus 
 
 The great descend to visit the afflicted. 
 When thus unmindful of their rest they come. 
 To soothe the sorrows of the midnight mourner. 
 Comfort comes with them, like the golden sun, 
 Dispels the sullen shades with her sweet influence. 
 And cheers the melancholy house of care." 
 
 Rowe, Jane Shore, act ii. 
 
 " You saw but sorrow in its waning form, 
 A working sea, remaining from a storm ; 
 When the now weary waves roll o'er the deep. 
 And faintly murmur ere they fall asleep." 
 
 Dryden, Aurungz^, iv. i. 
 
 " In thy screner shades our ghosts delight. 
 And court the umbrage of the night ; 
 In vaults and gloomy caves they stray. 
 But fly the morning's beams, and sicken at the 
 day." 
 
 Yalden, Hymn to Darkntss, st. 6. 
 
i86 
 
 V. 400 — 421. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 421—434. 
 
 Nor do our weapons violence import. 
 
 Let the colossal porter in his den, 
 
 For ever barking, scare the bloodless 
 
 shades ; 
 Chaste Proserpine her uncle's palace keep. 
 Trojan ^neas, marked for piety 
 And arms, is passing to his father down 
 To lowest shades of Erebus. If thee 
 No thought of such high piety affects. 
 Yet thou this branch, (Uncovers she the 
 
 branch 
 That lurked beneath her robe ;) should' st 
 recognise." 570 
 
 Then from its spleen down sinks his swell- 
 ing heart : 
 Nor more to these. He looking in amaze 
 At th' awful present of the fateful spray. 
 After long interval beheld, towards these 
 His dingy vessel turns, and nears the bank. 
 Thereon the other spirits, which along 
 The lengthful thwarts were sitting, flings 
 
 he down, 
 And clears the gangways : at the same 
 
 time takes 
 "Within the hold the huge ^neas. Groaned 
 The cobbled shallop underneath the weight, 
 And, rife in leaks, took in the fen in 
 floods. 581 
 
 At last, across the river, free from harm. 
 Both prophetess and hero he debarks 
 In ooze unsightly, and on sea-green sedge. 
 Huge Cerberus with triple-throated bay 
 Peals through these kingdoms, in his 
 
 fronting den 
 Couching immense. To whom the pro- 
 phetess, 
 His necks now seeing bristle with their 
 
 snakes, 
 With honey drowsed and drug-besprinkled 
 
 grains, 
 A bolus throws. With madding hunger he 
 
 580. " The princely York himself, alone a freight, 
 The Swiftsure groans beneath great Gloster's 
 weight." Dryden, Astrcea Redtix, 234. 
 
 587. Of course one is reminded here of Satan's 
 address to Death, in Milton : 
 
 " Whence and what art thou, execrable shape ! 
 That dar'st, though grim and terrible, advance 
 Thy miscreated front athwart my way 
 To yonder gates ? Through them I mean to pass. 
 That be assur'd, without leave ask'd of thee ! 
 Retire, or taste thy folly ; and learn by proof. 
 Hell-born ! not to contend with spirits of Heaven." 
 P. L., b. ii. 
 
 590. Spenser makes Night, under similar cir- 
 cumstances, independent of the druggist's aid : 
 
 " Before the threshold dreadfuU Cerberus 
 His three deformed heads did lay along. 
 Curled with thousand adders venomous ; 
 And lUled forth his bloody flaming tong. 
 
 Three gullets op'ning, snaps up what was 
 
 thrown, 591 
 
 And his huge chine unbraces, stretched on 
 
 earth. 
 And, monstrous, all throughout his den is 
 
 spread, 
 ^neas grasps the entrance, — [deep in sleep] 
 The sentry buried, — and he quick escapes 
 Beyond the rivage of the stream, that 
 
 knows 
 Of no return. Forthwith are voices heard, 
 And mighty crying, and the ghosts of babes. 
 That weep within th' immediate threshold, 
 
 whom. 
 Without their sharing in a life of charm. 
 And ravished from the breast, black day 
 
 hath reft, 601 
 
 And plunged in dissolution premature. 
 Next these are they, who on a truthless 
 
 charge 
 Were doomed to death. Nor, sooth, are 
 
 these their homes 
 Assigned without a lot, without a judge : 
 Investigator Minos shakes the urn ; 
 He both a council of the voiceless calls. 
 And gains a knowledge of their lives and 
 
 sins. 
 Then the next regions hold the wailful 
 
 ones. 
 Who to themselves have death, while free 
 
 from guilt, 610 
 
 At them he gan to reare his bristles strong. 
 
 And felly gnarre, untill Dayes enemy 
 
 Did him appease : then downe his taile he hong, 
 
 And suffered them to passen quietly : 
 
 For she in Hell and Heaven had power equally." 
 
 ^.. . „ ^•e.,i.5,34. 
 
 0dm IS equally potent : 
 
 " Uprose the King of men with speed, 
 And saddled straight his coal-back steed ; 
 Down the yawning steep he rode. 
 That leads to Hela's drear abode. 
 Him the Dog of Darkness spied. 
 His shaggy mouth he open'd wide. 
 While from his jaws, with carnage fill'd. 
 Foam and human gore distill'd ; 
 Hoarse he bays with hideous din. 
 Eyes that glow and fangs that grin ; 
 And long pursues, with fruitless yell, 
 The father of the powerful spell." 
 
 Gray, Descent of Odin, 1-12. 
 
 608. " Let guilty men remem.ber, their black deeds 
 Do lean on crutches made of slender reeds." 
 Webster, Vittoria Corombona, end. 
 " A thousand stings are in me ! O, what vile prisons 
 Make we our bodies to our immortal souls ! 
 Brave tenants to bad houses : 'tis a dear rent 
 They pay for naughty lodging !" 
 
 Middleton, The Spanish Gipsy, iii. i. 
 610. " Beneath the beech, whose branches bare, 
 Smit with the lightning's livid glare, 
 
 O'erhang the craggy road. 
 And whistle hollow as they wave ; 
 Within a solitary grave, 
 A slayer of himself holds his accurs'd abode. 
 
V. 435—436- 
 
 BOOK VL 
 
 ▼. 436—451. 
 
 1S7 
 
 Procured by their own hand, and, loathing 
 
 light, 
 Have cast away their lives. How would 
 
 they wish 
 
 " Lower'd the grim morn, in murky dies. 
 Damp mists involv'd the scowling skies, 
 
 And dimm'd the struggling day ; 
 As by the brook that ling'ring laves 
 Yon rush-grown moor with sable waves, 
 Full of the dark resolve he took his sullen way. 
 " I mark'd his desultory pace, 
 His gestures strange, and varying face. 
 
 With many a mutter'd sound : 
 And ah ! too late aghast 1 view'd 
 The reeking blade, the hand embru'd ; 
 He fell, and groaning grasp'd in agony the ground." 
 T. Warton, Ode, vi. 1-3. 
 " Forbear, forbear ; 
 Think what a sea of deep perdition whelms 
 The wretch's trembling soul, who launches forth 
 Unlicens'd to eternity. Think, think : 
 And let the thought restrain thy impious hand. 
 The race of man is one vast marshall'd army, 
 Summon'd to pass the spacious realms of Time ; 
 Their leader the Almighty. In that march, 
 Ah ! who may quit his post ?" Mason, Elfrida. 
 
 " Who flies from life confesses 
 He flies from something that appears so dreadful 
 He dares not face it. Is it guilt or virtue 
 That thus shrinks back and trembles at to- 
 morrow ? 
 Yes, this is meanness, and alone regards 
 Its selfish ease ; virtue is never leagued 
 With its base dictates." 
 
 Mickle, Sze^e of Marseilles, iv. 2. 
 
 612. " Ay, but to die, and go we know not where 
 To lie in cold obstruction, and to rot ; 
 This sensible warm motion to become 
 A kneaded clod ; and the delighted spirit 
 To bathe in fiery floods, or to reside 
 In thrilling regions of thick-ribbed ice ; 
 To be imprison'd in the viewless winds, 
 And blown with restless violence round about 
 • The pendent world ; or to be worse than worst 
 Of those, that lawless and incertain thoughts 
 Imagine howling ! — 'tis too horrible ! 
 The weariest and most loathed worldly life. 
 That age, ache, penury, and imprisonment. 
 Can lay on nature, is a paradise 
 To what we fear of death." 
 
 Shakespeare, Measure for Measure, iii. i. 
 " To be, or not to be, — that is the question : 
 Whether 'tis nobler in the mind, to suffer 
 The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune. 
 Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, 
 And, by opposing, end them ? To die, — to sleep, — 
 No more ; — and, by a sleep, to say we end 
 The heart-ache, and the thousand natural shocks 
 That flesh is heir to, — 'tis a consummation 
 Devoutly to be wish'd. To die ; — to sleep ; — 
 To sleep ! perchance to dream : — ay, there's the 
 
 rub ; 
 For in that sleep of death what dreams may come. 
 When we have shufHed off this mortal coil. 
 Must give us pause : there's the respect 
 That makes calamity of so long life. 
 F'or who would bear the whips and scorns of time. 
 The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's con- 
 tumely. 
 The pangs of despis'd love, the law's delay. 
 The msoTcnce of office, and the spurns 
 That patient merit of the unworthy takes. 
 
 In air aloft now even penury, 
 
 And sore distresses to endure ! The law 
 
 [Of hell] withstands them, and th* unlovely 
 
 fen 
 With melancholy billow binds them fast, 
 And, nine times poured between, Styx 
 hems them in. 
 Nor far from this, on every side dispread, 
 Are shown " The Mourning Fields :" so 
 
 call they them by name. 
 Here those, whom callous love with ruth- 
 less waste 620 
 Hath eaten to the core, sequestered paths 
 Bescreen, and myrtle-thicket bowers round : 
 Their woes forsake them not in death it- 
 self. 
 He Phaedra in these regions, Procris too. 
 And moanful Eriphyle, pointing out 
 The wounds from her unfeeling son, de- 
 scries ; 
 Evadne also, and Pasiphae. 
 To these Laodamia comrade goes, 
 And Caenis, erst a youth, a woman now. 
 E'en changed again by fate to shape of 
 yore. 63c 
 Among whom Dido, the Phoenician 
 dame. 
 Fresh from her wound, was wand'ring in a 
 spacious grove. 
 
 When he himself might his quietus make 
 With a bare bodkin? Who would fardels bear. 
 To grunt and sweat under a weary life ; 
 But that the dread of something after death, — 
 The undiscover'd country, from whose bourn 
 No traveller returns, — puzzles the will. 
 And makes us rather bear those ills we have. 
 Than fly to others that we know not of? 
 Thus conscience does make cowards of us all" 
 Hamlet, iii. x. 
 
 620. " Then, hastens onward to the pensive grore. 
 The silent mansion of disastrous love. 
 Here Jealousy with jaundic'd look appears. 
 And broken slumbers, and fantastic fears. 
 The widow'd turtle hangs her moulting wings. 
 And to the woods in mournful murmurs sings. 
 No winds but sighs there are, no floods but tears ; 
 Each conscious tree a tragic signal bears : 
 Their wounded bark records some broken vow. 
 And willow-garlands hang on every bough." 
 
 Garth, Dispensary, vi. 242-50. 
 
 632. " Hence, all you vain delights. 
 As short as are the nights. 
 
 Wherein you spend your folly ! 
 There's nought in this life sweet. 
 If man were wise to see't. 
 
 But only melancholy : 
 
 Oh, sweetest melancholy ! 
 Welcome, folded arms, and fixed eyes, 
 A sigh that piercing, mortifies, 
 A look that's fasten'd on the ground, 
 A tongue chain'd up without a sound ! 
 Fountain-heads, and jjathlcss groves. 
 Places which pale passion loves ! 
 Moonlight walks, when all the fowls 
 Are warmly hous'd, save bats and owls ! 
 
188 
 
 V. 451 — 461. 
 
 THE jENEID. 
 
 V. 461 — 482. 
 
 Near whom as soon as Troja's hero stood, 
 And recognized her dim among the 
 
 shades ; — 
 As who in th' infant month or sees, or 
 
 thinks 
 Tliat he has seen, among the clouds the 
 
 moon 
 Arising ; — tears he dropped, and with 
 
 sweet love 
 Addressed her : ** Hapless Dido, was then 
 
 true 
 The news which me had reached, that thou 
 
 wert dead, 
 And through the sword had sought the 
 
 closing [scene] ? 640 
 
 Alas ! was I to thee the cause of death ? 
 By stars I swear, by deities above. 
 And if lies any faith in deep of earth, 
 I loth, O queen, departed from thy shore. 
 But me the ' gods' commands, which force 
 
 A midnight bell, a parting groan ! 
 These are the sounds we feed upon ; 
 Then stretch our bones in a still gloomy valley ; 
 Nothing's so dainty sweet as lovely melancholy." 
 J. Fletcher, The Nice Vfilour, iii. 3. 
 Any one can see Milton's obligations to this 
 exquisite song for some of the ideas in IlPenseroso. 
 
 636. " Or fairy elves. 
 
 Whose midnight revels, by a forest side. 
 Or fountain, some belated peasant sees, 
 Or dreams he sees, while overhead the moon 
 Sits arbitress,^ and nearer to the earth 
 Wheels her pale course." 
 
 Milton, P. L., b. i. end. 
 
 " For what I see, or only think I see. 
 
 Is like a glimpse of moonshine, streak'd with red : 
 A shuffled, sullen, and uncertain light, 
 That dances through the clouds, and shuts again." 
 Dryden, Cleomenes, iv. i. 
 
 638. " Such is the fate unhappy women find, 
 And such the curse entail'd upon our kind. 
 That man, the lawless libertine, may rove 
 Free and unquestion'd through the wilds of love ; 
 While woman, sense and nature's easy fool, 
 If poor weak woman swerve from virtue's rule, 
 If, strongly charm'd, she leave the thorny way 
 And in the softer paths of pleasure stray. 
 Ruin ensues, reproach and endless shame. 
 And one false step entirely damns her fame. 
 In vain with tears the loss she may deplore. 
 In vain look back on what she was before ; 
 She sets, like stars that fall, to rise no more." 
 Rowe, Jane Shore, act. i. end. 
 
 645. " So spake the Fiend, and with necessity. 
 
 The tyrant's plea, excused his devilish deeds." 
 
 Milton, P. L., b. iv. 
 
 " A fellow that makes religion his stalking-horse. 
 
 He breeds a plague : thou shalt poison him." 
 
 Marston, The Malcontent, iv. 3. 
 
 " Come, you shall not labour 
 To extenuate your guilt, but quit it clean : 
 Bad men excuse their faults ; good men will leave 
 
 them: 
 He acts the third crime that defends the first." 
 Ben Jonson, Catiline, iii. 2. 
 
 To travel through these shades, through 
 
 regions rife 
 In thorns through fallowness, and night's 
 
 abyss. 
 Constrained by their behests ; nor could I 
 
 deem 
 That this such grievous anguish I on thee 
 Could bring by my departure. Stay thy 
 step, 650 
 
 And from our gaze withdraw not thou thy- 
 self. 
 Whom fliest thou ? This [time], that I 
 Address thee, is by destiny the last." 
 With suchlike words ^neas tried to soothe 
 The soul afire, and fixing stern regards ; 
 And tears he waked. The other, turned 
 
 aloof. 
 Her eyes kept riveted upon the ground ; 
 Nor is in visage by his speech commenced 
 More influenced, than if she stood a flint 
 Unyielding, or Marpesian rock. At last 
 She tore herself away, and in her hate 661 
 Retreated to the shady forest, where 
 Her former consort echoes to her griefs. 
 And her affection does Sychaeus match. 
 Nor less ^neas, by her fate unkind 
 Struck to the heart, pursues her weeping 
 
 far. 
 And feels compassion for her as she goes. 
 Therefrom he toils along the route as- 
 signed. 
 And now they occupied the utmost fields. 
 Which, set apart, the famed in battle 
 haunt. 670 
 
 Here meets him Tydeus, here, renowned 
 
 in arms, 
 Parthenopseus, and the wan Adrastus' ghost. 
 Here, sorely wept 'mong denizens of air, 
 And fall'n in fight, the sons of Dai-danus : 
 All whom as he perceives in long array, 
 
 " The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose." 
 Shakespeare, Merchant of Venice, i. 3. 
 
 " And, oftentimes, excusing of a fault 
 Doth make the fault the worse by the excuse." 
 King Johii, iv. 2. 
 " Gospel is in thy face and outward garb. 
 And treason on thy tongue." 
 
 Dryden, The Duke of Guise, iv. i. 
 
 656. " Small griefs find tongues ; full _casks are 
 ever found 
 To give, if any, yet but little sound ; 
 Deep waters noiseless are ; and this we know 
 That chiding streams betray small depth below." 
 
 Herrick, Amatory Odes, xlviii. 
 Had she condescended a word, she .might have 
 said : 
 
 " If impious acts 
 Have left thee blood enough to blush, 
 I'll paint it on thy cheeks." 
 
 Fletcher, Spanish Curate, iii. 3. 
 
 659. Silex is always feminine in Virgil. 
 
V. 482— 504* 
 
 BOOK VL 
 
 ▼. 505— 5*1. 
 
 X89 
 
 He o'er them groaned ; e'en Glaucus, 
 
 Medon, too, 
 Also Thersilochus, Antenor's children three, 
 And, consecrate to Ceres, Polypha.ne ; 
 Idoeus, too, still grasping car, still arms. 
 Round stand the spirits right and left in 
 crowds. 680 
 
 Nor is't sufficient to have seen him once j 
 It joys to linger to the last, and move 
 Their step with his, and of his coming learn 
 The reasons. But the chieftains of the 
 
 Greeks, 
 And Agamemnon's phalanxes, when they 
 Beheld the hero and his gleaming arms 
 Among the shadows, quake with deep 
 
 alarm. 
 Some turn their backs, as erst they sought 
 
 the ships ; 
 Others a puny exclamation raise : 
 The cry begun deludes them as they gape. 
 And here the son of Priam he beholds, 
 Deiphobus, torn all throughout his form. 
 And mercilessly mangled on his face, — 693 
 His face, and both his hands, and temples 
 
 robbed 
 Of ravished ears, and, maimed^with seem- 
 less wound. 
 His nostrils. Him thus scarce he recognized, 
 As quakes he, and the dread infliction hides ; 
 And with familiar tones he speaks him first : 
 *' Deiphobus, of might in arms, thou seed 
 From lofty blood of Teucer, who hath 
 chosen 700 
 
 Such bloody vengeance to inflict? To 
 
 whom 
 Was such great pow'r o'er thee allowed ? 
 
 Tome 
 Brought rumor [word] on [that] last night 
 
 that thou. 
 Worn out with mighty slaughter of the 
 
 Greeks, 
 Down sankest on a jumbled charnel-heap. 
 
 681. The smiths in the house of Riches were 
 equally astonished at the sight of Sir Guyon : 
 " Rut when an earthly wight they present saw 
 Glistring in armes and battailous array, 
 From their whot work they did themselves with- 
 draw 
 To wonder at the sight ; for, till that day, 
 They never creature saw that cam that way : 
 Their staring eyes sparckling with fervent fyre, 
 And ugly shapes did nigh the man dismay. 
 That, were it not for shame, he would retyre." 
 Spenser, F. Q., ii, 7, 37. 
 
 705. As Rowe makes Slaughter do : 
 " The dreadful business of the war is o'er ; 
 And Slaughter, that from yester morn till ev'n. 
 With giant steps, passed striding o'er the field, 
 Kesmear'd and horrid with the blood of nations. 
 Now weary sits among the mangled heaps, 
 And slumbers o'er her prey." 
 
 Tamerlane, ii. x-6. 
 
 Then I myself upon Rhoeteum's shpre 
 
 A tomb, an empty [tomb], upreared, and 
 
 thrice 
 With thund'ring voice upon thy Manes 
 
 called. 
 Thy name and weapons guard the spot j 
 
 thee, friend, 
 I was unalile to descry, and lay [in earth], 
 At my departure from our native land." 
 Whereto the son of J'riam : *' Naught, my 
 friend, 712 
 
 On thy part hath been left [undone] ; all 
 
 [debts] 
 Hast thou to thy Deiphobus discharged. 
 And to his corse's shades. But me my 
 
 fates. 
 And [that] Laconian [woman's] deathful 
 
 guilt, 
 Have plunged in these misfortunes. It is 
 
 she 
 Hath these memorials left. For, our last 
 
 night 
 How 'mid unreal joys we passed, thou 
 
 know'st, 
 And thou must needs remember it too 
 well. 720 
 
 What time with boimd the doomful horse 
 
 o'erleaped 
 High Pergamus, and, pregnant in its 
 
 womb, 
 Brought infantry in armor* on us ; she, 
 A dance pretending, led the Phrygian 
 
 dames. 
 Enacting Bacchanalian revels round : 
 Herself, the midmost, held a monster 
 
 torch. 
 And from the castle summit hailed the 
 
 Greeks. 
 Then me, forespent with sorrows, and with 
 
 sleep 
 Weighed down, my luckless couching- 
 chamber held. 
 
 718. 
 His 
 
 And 
 For 
 
 728, 
 voice 
 
 " Here lay Duncan, 
 
 silver skin lac'd with his golden blood ; 
 
 his gash'd stabs look'd like a breach in nature 
 
 Ruin's wasteful entrance." 
 
 Shakespeare, Macbeth, ii. 3. 
 
 9. He had no one to raise the warning 
 
 " While you here do snoring lie, 
 Open-ey'd Conspiracy 
 His time doth take : 
 *• If of- life you keep a care. 
 
 Shake off slumber and beware : 
 Awake ! awake !" Tempest, u. x. 
 
 " ' Sleep no more ! 
 Macbeth does murder sleep,'— the innocent sleep: 
 Sleep, that knits up the ravcll'd sicave of c^re, 
 The death of each day's life, sore labour s bath. 
 Balm of hurt minds, great nature's second course. 
 Chief nourishcr in life's feast." Macbeth^ u. a. 
 
190 
 
 V. 521—5 34. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 534—541 
 
 And overwhelmed me, as I lay, a rest, 730 
 Balmy and deep, and likest to the still 
 Of death. Meanwhile my exemplary wife 
 All weapons from the house clears quite 
 
 away, 
 And from my head had filched my trusty 
 
 sword. 
 Inside the house she Menelaus calls. 
 And opes the doors: sooth hoping this 
 
 would prove 
 A signal service to her loving [lord], 
 And that the scandal of her old misdeeds 
 Could thus be blotted out. Why thee 
 
 delay ? 
 They burst within the hall of sleep ; is 
 
 joined 740 
 
 In company with them bolides, 
 Encourager of crimes. O gods ! the like 
 Requite ye to the Grecians if, with lip 
 Religious, vengeance I demand in turn. 
 But thee, with life endowed, what ac- 
 cidents, — 
 Come, tell me in thy turn, — have hither 
 
 brought ? 
 Art come, enforced by wand'rings of the 
 
 deep, 
 Or by a warning from the gods ? Or thee 
 What fortune harasses, that drear abodes. 
 
 731. " Shake off this downy sleep, death's coun- 
 terfeit." Macbeth, ii. 3. 
 732. Helen well deserves Marston's satire : 
 Sooner hard steel will melt with southern winds, 
 A seaman's whistle calm the ocean, 
 A town on fire be extinct with tears. 
 Than women, vowed to blushless impudence. 
 With sweet behaviour and soft minioning, 
 Will turn from that where appetite is fixed." 
 
 Malcontent, iv. 3. 
 735. This miserable murderess scarce deserves to 
 
 be connected with any allusion to Lady Macbeth : 
 " Come, come, you spirits 
 That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, 
 And fill me, from the crown to the toe, top-full 
 Of direst cruelty ! Make thick my blood ; 
 Stop up th' access and passage to remorse, 
 That no compunctious visitings of nature 
 Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between 
 Th' effect and it ! Come to my woman's breasts. 
 And take my milk for gall, you murd'ring 
 
 ministers. 
 Wherever in your sightless substances 
 You wait on nature's mischief! Come, thick 
 
 night. 
 And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell. 
 That my keen knife see not the wound it makes. 
 Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark. 
 To cry, Hold I hold l" • Act i. 5. 
 
 749. " See'st thou the dreary plain, forlorn and wild. 
 The seat of Desolation, void of light. 
 Save what the glimmering of these livid flames 
 Casts pale and dreadful?" Milton, P. L., b. i. 
 
 " This is the place, by his commands, to meet in : 
 It has a sad and fatal invitation : 
 A hermit, that forsakes the world for prayer 
 And solitude, would be timorous to live here. 
 
 Without a sun, spots troublous, thou 
 
 should'st reach ?" 750 
 
 At this, a turning point of their discourse, 
 Aurora in her rosy four-horse car 
 Had now mid heav'n in her empyreal race 
 O'erpassed ; and haply all the granted time 
 Would they have whiled away in such 
 
 employs ; 
 But him the Sibyl, his companion, warned, 
 And briefly [thus] addressed : " The night 
 
 swoops on, 
 -^neas ; we in weeping spend the hours. 
 This is the spot, where into branches 
 
 twain 
 The pathway splits itself. The right [is 
 
 that], 760 
 
 There's not a spray for birds to perch upon ; 
 For every tree that overlooks the vale 
 Carries the mark of lightning, and is blasted. 
 The day, which smiled, as I came forth, and 
 
 spread 
 Fair beams about, has taken a deep melancholy, 
 That sits more ominous in her face than night : 
 All darkness is less horrid than half light. 
 Never was such a scene for death presented : 
 And there's a ragged mountain peeping over. 
 With many heads, seeming to crowd themselves 
 Spectators of some tragedy." 
 
 Shirley, The Court Secret, iv. 2. 
 750. Or : " Sun-lacking, spots of trouble." 
 
 752. " Naiis. Behold the rosy dawn 
 Rises in tinsell'd lawn, 
 . And smiling seems to fawn 
 Upon the mountains. 
 
 Cloe. Awaked from her dreams, 
 
 Shooting forth golden beams. 
 Dancing upon the streams. 
 Courting the fountains." 
 Drayton, The Muses' Elysium, Nymphal iii. 
 
 " Is it so much, and yet the morn not up? 
 See yonder, where the shame-fac'd maiden 
 
 comes ! 
 Into our sight how gently doth she slide, 
 Hiding her chaste cheeks, like a modest bride. 
 With a red veil of blushes !" 
 
 Fletcher, The W otnan-Hater, i. i. 
 7S7> 8. *' The clock upbraids me with the waste ot 
 time." Shakespeare, Twelfth Night, iii. i. 
 
 760. *_' Eternity, the various sentence past, 
 Assigns the sever'd throng distinct abodes. 
 Sulphureous or ambrosial : what ensues f 
 The deed predominant ! The deed of deeds ! — 
 Which makes a Hell of Hell, a Heaven of 
 
 Heaven. 
 The goddess, with determin'd aspect, turns 
 Her adamantine key's enormous size 
 Through destiny's inextricable wards, 
 Deep driving every bolt, on both their fates. 
 Then, from the crystal battlement of Heaven, 
 Down, down she hurls it through the dark pro- 
 found. 
 Ten thousand thousand fathom ; there to rust, 
 And ne'er unlock her resolution more. 
 The deep resounds; and Hell, through all her 
 
 glooms, 
 Returns, in groans, the melancholy roar." 
 
 Young, Complaint, N. ix. 
 
V. 541—558. 
 
 BOOK VL 
 
 ▼. 558—574. 
 
 19X 
 
 Which stretches 'neath the walls of mighty 
 
 Dis; 
 I'.y this the route t' Elysium lies for us ; 
 Hut punishments of wicked [soulsl the left 
 Works out, and sends them to accursed 
 
 Hell." 
 Deiphobus in answer : ** Storm thou not, 
 Great priestess ; I shall pass away, fill up 
 The tale, and be restored to gloom. Go 
 
 thou, 
 Our pride ! go, better fates enjoy !" Thus 
 
 much 
 He said, and at the word his footsteps 
 
 wheeled. 
 i?i!neas on a sudden looks behind, 77° 
 And 'neath a cliff upon the left he sees 
 A spacious hold, engirt with triple wall, 
 Which, ravening with its scorching flames, 
 
 the flood, 
 Tartarean Phlegethou, beclips, and whirls 
 The booming rocks. A gate there is in front, 
 Colossal, and of solid adamant 
 Its pillars : that no might of men, not e'en 
 The heav'nly ones themselves, may have 
 
 the power 
 To root them from their base with steel. 
 
 There stands 
 [Up-mounting] to the gales an iron keep ; 
 And, sitting down, Tisiphone, with robe 
 Blood-spattered, tucked beneath, the vesti- 
 bule 782 
 Unsleeping sentinels both night and day. 
 Hence groans are heard, and felon lashes 
 ring; 
 
 772. " At last appear 
 Hell bounds, high reaching to the horrid roof, 
 And thrice threefold the gates; threefold were 
 
 brass, 
 Three iron, three of adamantine rock, 
 Impenetrable, impaled with circling fire, 
 Yet unconsumed." Milton, P. L., b. u. 
 
 773. " Horrors beneath, darkness in darkness, Hell 
 Of Hell, where torments behind torments dwell ; 
 A furnace formidable, deep, and wide, 
 O'er-boiling with a mad sulphureous tide. 
 Expands its jaws, most dreadful to survey. 
 And roars outrageous for the destin'd prey. 
 The sons of light scarce unappall'd look down, 
 And nearer press Heaven's everlasting throne." 
 
 Young, Last Day, b. iii. 
 774. See note on 1. 416. 
 
 780. "Methinks Suspicion and Distrust dwell here, 
 Staring with meagre forms through grated 
 
 windows ; 
 Death lurks within, and unrelenting punishment ; 
 Without, grim danger, fear, and fiercest pow'r, 
 Sit on the rude old tow'rs and Gothic battle- 
 ments : 
 While horror overlooks the dreadful wall, 
 And frowns on all around." 
 
 Rowe, Lady Jant Grey, act iii. 
 
 784. A touching picture of a prisoner's woe from 
 Chaucer ; Knightcs TaU, Speaking of PaJamon, 
 itBi. X : 
 
 The clank of iron and the trail of chains. 
 .^^neas paused, and, startled by the din, 
 Stood still. '* What forms of guilt [are 
 
 these], O maid ? — 
 Speak forth !— or by what vengeance are 
 
 they plagued ? 
 What such distressful wailing to the air f 
 Then thus the prophetess began to speak : 
 "O famous prince of Teucri, it to none 791 
 Is lawful in his purity to plant 
 A foot upon the cursed sill ; but me 
 When o'er the groves Avernian Hecat 
 
 placed, 
 Herself explained the vengeance of the 
 
 gods, 
 And she escorted me through every [spot]. 
 These does the Gnosian Rhadamanthus 
 
 hold. 
 Thrice-rigid realms, and punishes and 
 
 hears 
 Their crafty sins, and forces them to own 
 What crimes, committed in the uppei 
 
 world, 800 
 
 Each [soul], in unavailing secrecy 
 Exulting, hath deferred to death ['s] late 
 
 [hour]. 
 Forthwith the guilty ones Avengeress 
 Tisiphone, accoutred with a scourge, 
 Torments in mockery, and stretching out 
 In her left hand her grisly snakes, she calls 
 The ruthless squadrons of the sister-crew. 
 At last then, grating on dread-jarring hinge, 
 The cursed gates are oped. Dost see what 
 
 guise 
 
 " The pure fetters on his shinnes grete 
 Were of his bitter sake teres wcte." 
 
 802. ' ' Cut off even in the blossoms of my sin, 
 Unhousel'd, disappointed, unanel'd ; 
 No reckoning macie, but sent to my account 
 With all my imperfections on my head : 
 O, horrible ! O horrible ! most horrible !" 
 
 Shakespeare, Hamlet, i. 5. 
 
 " Yet down his checks the gems of pity fell. 
 To see the helpless wretches that remain'd, 
 There left through delves and deserts dire to yell ; 
 Amaz'd, their looks with pale dismay were stain'd, 
 
 And, spreading wide their hands, they meek re- 
 pentance feign'd, 
 
 " But ah ! their scorned day of grace was past. 
 For (horrible to tell !) a desert wild 
 Before them stretch'd, bare, comfortless, and vast. 
 With gibbets, bones, and carcasses defil'd. 
 There nor trim field, nor lively culture smil'd ; 
 Nor waving shade was seen, nor fountain fair ; 
 But sands abrupt on sands lay loosely pil'd, 
 Through which they floundering toil'd with pain- 
 ful care. 
 Whilst Phoebus smote them sore, and fir'd the 
 cloudless air." 
 
 Thomson, Castle 0/ Indolence, end. 
 
 809. " Before the gates there sat 
 
 On either side a formidable shape : 
 The one seem'd woman to the wauit, and fair. 
 
192 
 
 V. 574—590. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 591 — 609. 
 
 Of sentry in the entrance sits ? What shape 
 The threshold guards ? With fifty pitchy 
 
 chasms 811 
 
 Terrific, Hydra fiercer holds within 
 His seat. Then Tartarus itself opes twice 
 So deep adown the steep, and stretches forth 
 Beneath the darkness, as the upward gaze 
 To th' empyrean firmament of Heaven. 
 Here Terra's ancient progeny, the brood 
 Titanian, dashed by lightning down, are 
 
 rolled 
 At bottom of the pit. Here, too, I saw 
 Aloeus' twins, huge bodies, who with hands 
 Attempted to demolish mighty heaven, 821 
 And Jove thrust out from his ancestral 
 
 realms. 
 I saw, too, paying penalties severe, 
 Salmoneus, while he apes the fires of Jove, 
 And peals of Heav'n. He, drawn by 
 
 coursers four. 
 And cresset brandishing, through states of 
 
 Greeks, 
 And through the city of mid Elis, rode 
 In ti-iumph, and the worship of the gods 
 Claimed to himself, — the madman ! — who 
 
 the storms, 
 And flash inimitable, with his bronze 830 
 
 But ended foul in many a scaly fold, 
 Voluminous and vast ; a serpent arm'd 
 With mortal sting. About her middle round 
 A cry of hellhounds never ceasing bark'd 
 With wide Cerberian mouths full loud, and rung 
 A hideous peal ; yet, when they list, would creep, 
 If aught disturb'd their noise, into her womb, 
 And kennel there ; yet there still bark'd and howl'd, 
 Within, unseen." Milton, P. L., b. ii. 
 
 818. ^ " For such a numerous host 
 
 Fled not in silence through the frighted deep. 
 With ruin upon ruin, rout on rout, 
 Confusion worse confounded ; and Heaven-gates 
 Pour'd out by millions her victorious bands 
 Pursuing." Ibid., b. ii. 
 
 821. _ ** He it was, whose guile 
 
 Stirr'd up with envy and revenge, deceived 
 The mother of mankind, what time his pride 
 Had cast him out of Heaven, with all his host 
 Of rebel angels : by whose aid, aspiring 
 To set himself in glory above his peers. 
 He trusted to have equall'd the Most High, 
 If he opposed ; and, with ambitious aim 
 Against the throne and monarchy of God, 
 Raised impious war in Heaven, and battle proud. 
 With vain attempt. Him the Almighty Power 
 Hiirl'd headlong flaming from the ethereal sky. 
 With hideous ruin and combustion, down 
 To bottomless perdition, there to dwell 
 In adamantine chains and penal fire. 
 Who durst- defy the Omnipotent to arms." 
 
 Ibid., b. i. 
 824. " What devil art thou, that counterfeits 
 
 heaven's thunder ?" 
 
 Webster, The Duchess of Malfi,\\\. z. 
 
 830. Drayton, speaking of David's skill on the 
 lyre, says that the birds strained themselves 
 " To imitate the inimitable touch." 
 
 David a?id Goliath. 
 
 And tramp of horn-hoofed steeds would 
 
 counterfeit. 
 But the almighty sire, 'mid massy clouds 
 His levin-bolt elanced, — not torches he. 
 Nor smoky lights from pitchy pines ; — and 
 
 him 
 Headforemost in a wild tornado hurled. 
 Moreover, Tityus, too, the foster-child 
 Of Earth all-teeming, was there to behold ; 
 Whose frame through nine whole acres is 
 
 dispread ; 
 A monstrous vulture, too, with hooky bill 
 The deathless liver pecking, and the flesh 
 That teems for punishments, both roots 
 
 them up 841 
 
 For cates, and nestles 'neath his tow'ring 
 
 chest : 
 Nor to the inwards, bourgeoning anew, 
 Is any respite granted. Wherefore name 
 The Lapithse, Ixion, and Pirithous ? 
 O'er whom there beetles black a [rock of] 
 
 flint, 
 Now, now about to topple o'er, and like 
 One falling. Shine 'neath lofty couches boon 
 Their golden props, and banquets are 
 
 served up 
 With kingly lavishness before their view. 
 The eldest of the Furies near reclines 851 
 And bars their touching vdth their hands 
 
 the boards. 
 And rises up, her brand uplifting high. 
 And thunders with her mouth. Here they 
 
 by whom 
 The brotherhood were loathed, while life 
 
 endured ; 
 Or parent buffeted, or craft inwove 
 
 840. No such very imaginary scene in warm 
 
 regions : 
 
 " A surface hideous, delug'd o'er with blood. 
 Beyond my view inimitably stretch'd, 
 One vast expanse of horror. There supine. 
 Of huge dimension, cov'ring half the plain, 
 A giant corse lay mangled, red with wounds 
 Delv'd in th' enormous flesh, which, bubbling, fed 
 
 'Ten thousand thousand grisly beaks and jaws. 
 Insatiably devouring." Glover, Leonidas, b. xi. 
 
 852. " But on they roll'd in heaps, and, up the trees 
 Climbing, sat thicker than the snaky locks 
 That curi'd Megsera. Greedily they plucked 
 The fruitage fair to sight, like that which grew 
 Near that bituminous lake where Sodom flamed ; 
 This more delusive, not the touch but taste. 
 Deceived. They, fondly thinking to allay 
 Their appetite with gust, instead of fruit, 
 Chew'd bitter ashes, which the offended taste 
 With spattering noise rejected : oft they essay'd. 
 Hunger and thirst constraining : drugg'd as oft. 
 With hatefulest disrelish writhed their jaws. 
 With soot and cinders fiU'd." Milton, P. L., b. x. 
 
 856, 7. " How often in contempt of laws. 
 To sound the bottom of a cause, 
 ■ To search out ev'ry rotten part, 
 And worm into its very heart. 
 
V. 6o9 — 615. 
 
 BOOK VI. 
 
 V. 615—635. 
 
 193 
 
 Against a client ; or they who, alone, 
 Have brooded o'er the riches they have 
 
 gained, 
 Nor set aside a portion for their kin ; — 
 Which is the vastest multitude ; — and who 
 For their adultery were put to death ; 861 
 And who have godless arms pursued, nor 
 
 feared 
 The right hands of their masters to be- 
 guile :— 
 In durance they their punishment await. 
 Seek not to be informed what punishment ; 
 ( )r what the shape [of pain], or fate, hath 
 whelmed 
 
 Hath he ta'en briefs on false pretence, 
 And undertaken the defence 
 Of trusting fools, whom in the end 
 He meant to ruin, not defend." 
 
 Churchill, T/tt! Duellist, b. iii. 
 
 " I have seen some of his profession 
 Out of a case as plain, as clear as day. 
 Pick out such hard, inextricable doubts. 
 That they have spun a suit ot seven years long. 
 And led their hood-wink clients in a wood, 
 A most irremeable labyrinth. 
 Till they have quite consum'd them." 
 
 May, TJte Heir, act iv. 
 
 858. " A thousand black tormentors shall pursue 
 
 thee, 
 Until thou leap into eternal flames, 
 Where gold, which thou adorest here on earth. 
 Melted, the fiends shall pour into thy throat." 
 Fletcher and Shirley, The Night Walker, ii. 4. 
 
 From a noble passage of Ben Jonson's : 
 " Good morning to the day ; and next, my gold ! 
 Open the shrine, that I may see my saint, 
 Hail the world's soul, and mine ! More glad 
 
 than is 
 The teeming earth to see the long'd-for sun 
 Peep through the horns of the celestial Ram, 
 Am I to view thy splendor darkening his : 
 That lying here, amongst my other hoards, 
 Shcw'st like a flame by night, or like the day 
 Struck out of Chaos, when all darkness fled 
 Unto the centre. O thou son of Sol, 
 Put brighter than thy father, let me kiss 
 With adoration thee, and every relick 
 Of sacred treasure in this blessed room." 
 
 Tlte Fox, i. I, 1-13, 
 Also see Ford's City Madam, iii. 3. 
 
 861. " Groans are too late : sooner the ravisher 
 Whose soul is hurled into eternal frost. 
 
 Stung with the force of twenty thousand winters. 
 To punish the distempers of his blood. 
 Shall hope to get from thence, than those avoid 
 The certainty of hell where he is." 
 
 Fletcher and Shirley, TJic Night Walker, iv. 5. 
 
 862. " Be virtuous ends pursu'd by virtuous means. 
 Nor think th' intention sanctifies the deed : 
 That maxim, publish'd in an impious age. 
 Would loose the wild enthusiast to destroy. 
 And fix the fierce usurper's bloody title ; 
 
 Then bigotry might send her slaves to war. 
 And bid success become the test of truth ; 
 Unpitying massacre might waste the world. 
 And persecution boast 5ie call of Heaven." 
 
 Johnson, Irene, iii. 8. 
 
 Their subjects. Others roll a monster 
 
 rock, 
 And hang distended on the spokes of 
 
 wheels. 
 The ill-starre<l Theseus sits, and sit he will 
 For ever ; Phlegyas, too, in depth of woe. 
 Puts all in mind, and with a thund'ring 
 
 voice 871 
 
 Bears witness through the shades : * Learn 
 
 righteousness. 
 When warned, and not to slight the gods !' 
 
 This [wretch] 
 Hath sold away a native land for gold, 
 And over it a tyrant master placed ; 
 Made statutes, and unmade them, for his 
 
 fee. 
 Another hath assailed a daughter's bed. 
 And barred espousals. All of them have 
 
 dared 
 Gigantic guilt, and what they dared have 
 
 gained. 
 [No,] not although I had a hundred 
 
 tongues, 880 
 
 86g. " Prayers there are idle, death is woo'd in vain : 
 
 In midst of death poor wretches long to die : 
 Night without day or rest, still doubling pain : 
 
 Woes spending still, yet still their end less nigh ; 
 The soul there restless, helpless, hopeless lies : 
 There's life that never lives, there's death that 
 never dies." 
 
 P. Fletcher, Purple Island, vL 37. 
 
 " A dungeon, horrible on all sides round. 
 As one great furnace flamed; yet from those 
 
 flames 
 No light ; but rather darkness visible 
 Served only to discover sights of woe. 
 Regions of sorrow, doleful shades, where peace 
 And rest can never dwell ; hope never comes. 
 That comes to all ; but torture without end 
 Still urges, and a fiery deluge, fed 
 With ever-burning sulphur unconsumed." 
 
 Milton, P. L., b. i. 
 "Or for ever sunk 
 Under yon boiling ocean, wrapp'd in chains ; 
 There to converse with everlasting groans, 
 Unrespited, unpitied, unreprieved. 
 Ages of hopeless end." Ibid., b. ii. 
 
 874. Shirley, of similar guilt : 
 
 " Does he call treason justice? Such a treason 
 As heathens blush at, nature and religion 
 Tremble to hear : to fight against my country ! 
 'Tis a less sin to kill my father, there. 
 Or stab my own heart : these are private mischiefs 
 And may in time be wept for ; but the least 
 Wound I can fasten on my country makes 
 A nation bleed." The Young Admiral, iii. x. 
 
 " But view them closer, craft and fraud appear ; 
 E'en liberty itself is barter'd here. 
 At gold's superior charms all freedom flies ; 
 The needy sell it, and the rich man buys." 
 
 Goldsmith, TravelUr. 
 
 " O Fortius, is there not some chosen curse. 
 Some hidden thunder in the stores of heaven. 
 Red with uncommon wrath, to blast the man 
 Who owes his greatness to his countjy's ruin t" 
 Addison, Cato, i. i, 31-34. 
 O 
 
194 
 
 V. 625—638. 
 
 THE .ENEID. 
 
 V. 639—647. 
 
 And hundred mouths, and iron voice, 
 
 could I 
 All shapes of their enormities embrace, 
 All titles of their punishments recount." 
 These words when Phoebus' aged priestess 
 
 spake : — 
 "But come now, seize the pathway, and 
 
 complete 
 The undertaken service : let us haste !" 
 She cries. "The walls do I discern, up- 
 reared 
 In forges of the Cyclops, and the gates 
 With their confronting archway, where 
 
 these gifts 
 Do our injunctions bid us to lay down." 890 
 She said, and, footing on with even step 
 Along the darkness of the paths, they 
 
 grasp 
 The intervening space, and near the doors. 
 Upon the entrance does iEneas seize, 
 And dews his person o'er with water fresh, 
 And on the fi-onting threshold pins the 
 
 branch. 
 At length, these [duties] having been 
 
 discharged, 
 The service of the goddess done, they 
 
 reached 
 The gladsome regions and the charming 
 
 greens. 
 
 882. In Ford's First Play the following sublime 
 passage occurs ; ' Tis Pity, iii. 6 : 
 
 " There is a place, 
 (List, daughter) in a black and hollow vault, 
 Where day is never seen ; there shines no sun. 
 But flaming horror of consuming fires ; 
 A lightless sulphur, chok'd with smoky fogs 
 Of an infected darkness : in this place 
 Dwell many thousand thousand sundry sorts 
 Of never-dying deaths ; there damned souls 
 Roar without pity ; there are gluttons fed 
 With toads and adders ; there is burning oil 
 Pour'd down the drunkard's throat : the usurer 
 Is forc'd to sup whole draughts of molten gold ; 
 There is the murderer for ever stabb'd. 
 Yet can he never die ; there lies the wanton 
 On racks of burning steel, whilst in his soul 
 He feels the torment of his raging lust." 
 
 899. " With greater light Heaven's temples opened 
 
 shine ; 
 Morns smiling rise, evens blushing do decline ; 
 Clouds dappled glister, boisterous winds are calm. 
 Soft zephyrs do the fields with sighs embalm ; 
 In silent calms the sea hath hush'd his roars, 
 And with enamour'd curls doth kiss the shores ; 
 All-bearing Earth, like a new-married queen. 
 Her beauties heightens, in a gown of green 
 Perfumes the air, her meads are wrought with 
 
 flow'rs. 
 In colours various, figures, smelling, pow'rs ; 
 Trefes wanton in the groves with leavy locks. 
 Here hills enamell'd stand, the vales, the rocks. 
 Ring peals of joy; here floods and prattling brooks, 
 (Stars' liquid mirrors,) with serpenting crooks. 
 And whispering murmurs, sound unto the main. 
 The golden age returned is again." 
 
 Drummond, Flowers of S ion. 
 
 KvA blessed mansions of the happy groves. 
 Here does a more expansive atmosphere, 
 Yea with a glitt'ring sheen, the plains 
 
 enrobe, 902 
 
 And their own sun, the stars their own, 
 
 they know. 
 Some play their limbs upon the turfy lists. 
 In frolic strive, and on the golden sand 
 Engage in wrestle ; others with their feet 
 Strike up the dances, and their sonnets sing. 
 Moreo'er, the Thracian priest with length- 
 
 ful garb 
 Answers the sev'n varieties of tones 
 In rhythmic strains ; and now the same he 
 
 strikes 910 
 
 With fingers, now with quill of iv'ry. Here 
 
 ** Their glittering tents he pass'd, and now is come 
 Into the blissful field, through groves of myrrh. 
 And flowering odours, cassia, nard, and balm ; 
 A wilderness of sweets ; for Nature here 
 Wanton'd as in her prime, and play'd at will. 
 Her virgin fancies pouring forth more sweet. 
 Wild above rule or art, enormous bliss." 
 
 Milton, P. L., b. v. 
 
 900. " O sacred innocence that sweetly sleeps 
 On turtles' feathers, whilst a guilty conscience 
 Is a black register, wherein is writ 
 All our good deeds and bad, a perspective 
 That shews us hell !" 
 
 Webster, TJie Duchess of Malji, iv. 2. 
 
 904. Milton makes both Angels and Devils engage 
 in earthly games : even Virgil, in his necessary 
 ignorance, did not venture so far as this. 
 
 A scene similar to this is described by Sir William 
 Jones in his " Seven Fountains :" 
 " Then in a car, by snow-white coursers drawn. 
 They led him o'er the dew-besprinkled lawn. 
 Through groves of joy and arbours of delight. 
 With all that could allure his ravish'd sight ; 
 Green hillocks, meads, and rosy grots he view'd. 
 And verdurous plains with winding streams 
 
 bedew'd. 
 On every bank, and under every shade, 
 A thousand youths, a thousand damsels play'd ; 
 Some wantonly were tripping in a ring 
 On the soft border of a gushing spring ; 
 While some, reclining in the shady vales, 
 Told to their smiling loves their amorous tales." 
 
 " Sometimes with secure delight 
 The upland hamlets will invite. 
 When the merry bells go round. 
 And the jocund rebecks sound 
 To many a youth and many a maid. 
 Dancing in the chequer'd shade ; 
 And young and old come forth to play 
 On a sunshine holy-day." 
 
 Milton, U Allegro. 
 
 907. " O the pleasure of the plains ! 
 
 Happy nymphs and happy swains 
 (Harmless, merry, free, and gay,) 
 Dance and sport the hours away." 
 
 Gay, Acis and Galatea, 1-4. 
 
 911. How charming is Spenser! 
 " Eftsoones they heard a most melodious sound, 
 Of all that mote delight a daintie eare. 
 Such as attonce might not on living ground. 
 Save in this paradise, be heard elsewhere : ■ 
 
V. 648 — 659. 
 
 BOOK VI. 
 
 V. 659—674. 
 
 »95 
 
 The ancient strain of Teucer, fairest race, 
 The liigh-souled heroes, bom in better 
 
 years, 
 E'en Ilus, and Assaracus, and Dardanus, 
 Troy's founder. He from far in wonder 
 
 views 
 The warriors' armor and their phantom cars. 
 Their spears stand firmly planted in the 
 
 earth, 
 And all around unyoked throughout the 
 
 plain 
 Their horses feed. What zest for cars and 
 
 arms 
 Resided in them living, what concern 920 
 In feeding glossy coursers, that the same 
 Pursues them when in earth inhearsed. 
 
 Behold ! 
 Descries he others on the right and left 
 Throughout the herbage feasting, and in 
 
 choir 
 Glad Pajan hymning 'mid a spicy grove 
 Of bay ; whence from above [in] fullest 
 
 [tide] 
 The river of Eridanus is rolled 
 
 Right hard it was for wight which did it heare, 
 To read what manner musicke that mote bee ; 
 For all that pleasing is to living eare 
 Was there consorted in one harmonee ; 
 Birdes, voices, instruments.windes, waters, all agree. 
 
 " The ioyous birdes, shrouded in chearefull shade. 
 Their notes unto the voice attempred sweet ; 
 Th' angelicall soft trembling voyces made 
 To th' instruments divine respondence meet ; 
 The silver-sounding instruments did meet 
 With the base murmure of the waters fall ; 
 The waters fall with difference discreet 
 Now soft, now loud, unto the wind did call ; 
 
 The gentle warbling wind low answered to all." 
 F. Q., ii. 12, 70, 1. 
 
 922. This idea is beautifully embodied by P. 
 Fletcher : 
 
 " Thomalin, mourn not for him ; he's sweetly 
 sleeping 
 In Neptune's court, whom here he sought to 
 
 {»lease ; 
 e humming rivers, by his cabin creeping. 
 Rock soft his slumbering thoughts m quiet 
 ease." Piscatory Eclogues, ii. 17. 
 
 926. Chatterton well describes the descent of a 
 river, and its subsequent emergence : 
 " On Tiber's banks, Tiber, whose waters glide 
 In slow meanders down to Gaigra's side ; 
 And, circling all the horrid mountain round. 
 Rushes impetuous to the deep profound ; 
 Rolls o'er the ragged rocks with hideous yell ; 
 Collects its waves beneath the earth's vast shell. 
 There for a while in loud confusion hurl'd. 
 It ci-umbles mountains down, and shakes the 
 
 world ; 
 Till borne upon the pinions of the air, 
 Through the rent earth the bursting waves 
 
 appear ; 
 Fiercely propell'd the whiten'd billows rise, 
 Break from the cavern, and ascend the skies." 
 The Death o/Nicou, 1-12. 
 
 Along the forest. Here the band [of those, 
 Who] in their fighting for their native land 
 Have suffered wounds ; and who were 
 
 taintless priests, 930 
 
 While life endured ; and who were holy 
 
 bards. 
 And strains, of Phoebus worthy, spoke ; or 
 
 they. 
 Who by discovered arts have life refined. 
 And who have others mindful of then 
 
 made 
 By their deserving it : — with all of these 
 Their brows are circled by a snowy wreath. 
 Whom, flocking round, the Sibyl thus ad- 
 dressed ; 
 'Fore all Musreus : for a num'rous throng 
 Have him their centre, and to him look up, 
 Above them standing by his shoulders 
 
 high : — 940 
 
 *' Say, happy souls, and thou thrice-worthy 
 
 bard. 
 What tract, what place, contains Anchises ? 
 
 We 
 On his account have come, and mighty 
 
 streams 
 Of Erebus sailed over." Straight to her 
 Reply in few the hero thus returned : 
 '* To none there is a fixed abode : we 
 
 dwell 
 In shady bow'ts ; and couches of the banks, 
 
 929. " Welcome, my son ! here lay him down, my 
 
 friends, 
 Full in my sight, that I may view at leisure 
 The bloody corse, and count those glorious wounds. 
 How beautiful is death, when earned by virtue ! 
 Who would not be that youth ? What pity is it 
 That we can die but once to serve our country ?" 
 Addison, Cato, iv. 
 
 931. " From yonder realms of empyrean day 
 Bursts on my ear th' indignant lay : 
 There sit the sainted sage, the bard divine. 
 The few, whom Genius gave to shine 
 Through every unborn age and undiscover'd clime." 
 Gray, Ode for Music, ii. 
 
 " The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling. 
 Doth glance fiom heaven to earth, from earth to 
 
 heaven ; 
 And, as imagination bodies forth 
 The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen 
 Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing 
 A local habitation and a name." 
 Shakespeare, Midsumtner Nighfs Dream, v. \. 
 
 947. The British poets abound in descriptions of 
 such scenes as are here only briefly touched upon : 
 the difficulty is in the selection. To quote but a 
 fe\w : 
 
 " A gardein saw I, full of blosomed bowis. 
 Upon a river, in a grene mede, 
 There as sweetnesse evermore inough is, 
 With flowres white, blewe, yelowe, and rede. 
 And cold welle streaines, nothing dcde. 
 That swommen full of smale fishes light. 
 With finnes rede, and scales silver bright :" &c. 
 Chaucer, Assembly qf FouUs, st. 27. 
 O 2 
 
96 
 
 V. 674—686. 
 
 THE jENEID. 
 
 V. 686 — 706. 
 
 And meadows, fresh with runnels, do we 
 
 haunt. 
 But ye, if thus the fancy in your heart 
 Inchnes you, overpass this brow, and I 950 
 Forthwith will set you in an easy path," 
 He said, and in the front advanced his step, 
 And from above the glist'ring plains points 
 
 out : 
 They thereupon the topmost summits leave. 
 But sire Anchises, deep in verdant glen, 
 The souls confined, and fated to advance 
 To upper light, was passing in review, 
 "With earnestness reflecting; and by chance 
 Was counting all the number of his kin, 
 And dear descendants, and the destinies 
 And fortunes of the men, their manners too. 
 And their achievements. And when he 
 
 beheld, 962 
 
 Advancing in his front along the grass, 
 iEneaS, he in eagerness both hands 
 Outstretched, and tears were jetted o'er his 
 
 cheeks. 
 
 " Fresh shadowes, fit to shroud from sunny ray : 
 Fair lawnds, to take the sunne in season dew : 
 Sweet springs, in which a thousand nymphs did 
 
 play; 
 Soft-rombling brookes, that gentle slomberdrew ; 
 High-reared mounts, the lands about to view ; 
 Low-looking dales, disloigned from common gaze, 
 Delightful bowres, to solace lovers trew ; 
 False labyrinthes, fond runners eyes to daze ; 
 
 All which, by Nature made, did Nature selfe amaze. 
 
 " And all without were walkes and alleyes dight 
 With divers trees enrang'd in even rankes ; 
 And here and there were pleasant arbors pight. 
 And shadie seates, and sundrie flowring bankes." 
 Spenser, F. Q., iv. 10, 24, 5. 
 
 " I know a bank whereon the wild thyme blows. 
 Where oxlips and the nodding violet grows ; 
 Quite over canopied with lush woodbine. 
 With sweet musk-roses, and with eglantine : 
 There sleeps Titania, some time of the night, 
 Lull'd in these flowers with dances and delight : 
 And there the snake throws her enamell'd skin. 
 Weed wide enough to wrap a fairy in." 
 Shakespeare, Midsummer Night's Dream, ii. 2. 
 
 " Consent to be my mistress, Celestina, 
 And we will have it spring-time all the year : 
 Upon whose invitations, when we walk, 
 The winds shall play soft descant to our feet. 
 And breathe rich odours to re-pure the air : 
 Green bowers on every side shall tempt our stay. 
 And violets stoop to have us tread upon 'em. 
 The red rose shall grow pale, being near thy 
 
 cheek. 
 And the white, blush, o'ercome with such a 
 
 forehead. 
 Here laid, and measuring with ourselves some 
 
 bank, 
 A thousand birds shall from the woods repair. 
 And place themselves so cunningly behind 
 The leaves of every tree, that while they pay 
 Us tribute of their songs, thou shalt imagine 
 The very trees bear music, and sweet voices 
 Do grow in every arbour." 
 
 Shirley, Tfte Lady of Pleasure, v. i. 
 
 And from his lips dropped forth the voice : 
 
 "Hast thou 
 Arrived at last, and hath thy piety. 
 Awaited by a parent, overcome 
 The painful journey ? Is it deigned, my 
 
 son, 
 To look upon thy features, and to hear 970 
 Familiar accents, and return them ? Thus 
 In sooth I judged within my mind, and 
 
 deemed 
 That it would happen, reckoning up the 
 
 times ; 
 Nor me hath my anxiety misled. 
 Borne [o'er] what lands, and o'er how 
 
 spacious seas. 
 Do I receive thee ! By how grievous risks 
 Betossed, my son ! What terror have I felt, 
 Lest Libya's realms might do thee aught of 
 
 harm !" 
 But he : "Me, sire, thy [ghost], thy rueful 
 
 ghost, 
 Oft, oft appearing, these abodes hath forced 
 To near : my ships are riding in the Tyrr- 
 hene sea. 981 
 Vouchsafe to link right hand, vouchsafe, O 
 
 sire ; 
 And steal thee not away from our embrace." 
 In such wise speaking, at the same time he 
 Bewet his features with a flood of tears. 
 Three times he there essayed to throw his 
 
 arms 
 Around his neck ; three times, in vain 
 
 engrasped. 
 The phantom-form escaped his hands, a 
 
 match 
 For wanton winds, and likest wingy sleep. 
 Meanwhile ^neas sees within a vale, 990 
 That stretched in curve away, a grove re- 
 tired, 
 And shrubs in thickets rustling, and the 
 
 stream 
 Of Lethe, which along the homes of peace 
 Flows on. Round this uncounted states 
 
 and tribes 
 
 977, 8. Or, more literally : 
 
 " How have I dreaded, lest 
 In aught the realms of Libya thee might harm !' 
 
 985. The ancient Epic poets could scarce have 
 comprehended the Dauphin, when he says to Lord 
 Salisbury : 
 
 " Let me wipe off this honourable dew. 
 That silverly doth progress on thy cheeks : 
 My heart hath melted at a lady's tears. 
 Being an ordinary inundation ; 
 But this effusion of such manly drops. 
 This shower, blown up by tempest of the soul. 
 Startles mine eyes, and makes me more amaz'd 
 Than had I seen the vanity top of heaven 
 Figur'd quite o'er with burning meteors." 
 
 Shakespeare, King John, v. 2. 
 
V. 7o6 — 728. 
 
 BOOK VI. 
 
 V. 738—739. 
 
 197 
 
 Were flitting j and, — as when among the 
 
 meads 
 The bees in cloudless summer [-hour] alight 
 On chequered blossoms, and are streamed 
 
 around 
 White lilies, — hums with music all the plain, 
 i^neas shudders at the sudden sight, 
 And in his ignorance does he demand looo 
 The reasons : — what may be those floods 
 
 beyond. 
 Or who the persons, in a host so vast 
 Have filled the banks. Then sire Anchises 
 
 [thus] : 
 ** The souls, to whom are other bodies due 
 By destiny, at Lethe's river-wave 
 Care-chasing draughts and long oblivion 
 
 drink. 
 Hereof in sooth to give thee an account. 
 And spread them out before thy view, the 
 
 line 
 Of my [descendants] to recount, long since 
 [Have] I desire[d] ; that thou the more 
 
 with me loio 
 
 In Italy discovered may'st rejoice." 
 *' O father, is it then to be conceived 
 That any spirits to the world above 
 Pass hence uplifted, and again return 
 To sluggish bodies? In these wretched 
 
 [souls] 
 What so portentous passion for the light ?" 
 '* I sooth will tell, nor keep thee poised [in 
 
 doubt]. 
 My son :" Anchises catches up [the speech]. 
 And duly each particular unfolds. 
 
 *' Firstly; the sky, and lands, and wat'ry 
 
 plains, 1020 
 
 And sheeny ball of Luna, and the stars 
 Titanian, soul within supports, and mind. 
 Shed through the members, stirs the mass 
 
 entire. 
 And with the mighty framework blends 
 
 itself. 
 Thence birth of men and cattle, and the 
 
 lives 
 
 996. Spenser, beautifully of Clarion : 
 " There he arriving, round about doth flie. 
 From bed to bed, from one to other border ; 
 And takes survey, with curious busie eye. 
 Of every flowre and herbe there set in order; 
 Now this, now that, he tasteth tenderly. 
 Yet none of them he rudely doth disorder, 
 Ne with his feete their silken leaves deface ; 
 But pastures on the pleasures of each place." 
 Muiopottnos, st. 22. 
 
 1006. See note on line 416. 
 
 1008. " The hour's now come ; 
 
 The very minute bids thee ope thine ear ; 
 Obey, and be attentive." 
 
 Shakespeare, Tempest, i. 2. 
 See note, jEn. v. 1027-9. 
 
 Of flying creatures, and the monster forms, 
 Which 'neath its marble surface breeds the 
 
 deep. 
 A fiery energy and heav'nly source 
 Resides within these principles, so far 
 As harmful bodies clog them not, nor blunt 
 
 them 1030 
 
 Earth-gendered joints and perishable limbs. 
 Hence fear they and desire, they grieve and 
 
 joy; 
 
 Nor do they peer abroad upon the heavens, 
 Confined in darkness and a gloomy jail. 
 Yea too, when with its latest ray hath life 
 Left them, yet do not from the woeful ones 
 Their every ill, nor all their body-plagues 
 Depart entirely. And it needs must be 
 That many a fault, long grown up with their 
 
 growth. 
 In wondrous ways should deep within them 
 
 root. 1040 
 
 Hence are they disciplined by punishments. 
 
 1030. The English idiom absolutely demands a 
 negative in the positive clause in v. 732 ; otherwise 
 a meaning the reverse of the poet's will be 
 conveyed. 
 
 " O ignorant poor man ! What dost thou fear, 
 Lock'd up within the casket of thy breast ? 
 What jewels and what riches hast thou there ? 
 What heav'nly treasure in so weak a chest T 
 " Look in thy soul, and thou shalt beauties find. 
 Like those which drown'd Narcissus in the 
 flood: 
 Honour and pleasure both are in thy mind, 
 And all that in the world is counted good. 
 
 " Think of her worth, and think that God did mean 
 This worthy mind should worthy things em- 
 brace : 
 Blot not her beauties with thy thoughts unclean. 
 Nor her dishonour with thy passion base. 
 
 " Kill not her quick'ning pow'r with surfeitings ; 
 Mar not her sense with sensuality ; 
 Cast not her wit on idle things ; 
 Make not her free-will slave to vanity. 
 
 " And when thou think'st of her eternity. 
 
 Think not that death against her nature is : 
 Think it a birth : and when thou go'st to die. 
 Sing like a swan, as if thou went'st to bliss." 
 Sir John Davies, Immortality of the Soul. 
 
 " Yet man, fool man ! /lere buries all his thoughts ; 
 Inters celestial hopes without one sigh. 
 Prisoner of Earth, and pent beneath the Moon, 
 Ncre pinions all his wishes ; wing'd by Heaven 
 To fly at infinite, and reach it there. 
 Where seraphs gather immortality " 
 On life's fair tree, fast by the throne of God." 
 
 " A soul immortal, spending all her fires. 
 Wasting her strength in strenuous idleness. 
 Thrown into tumult, raptur'd or alarni'd. 
 At aught this scene can threaten or indulge. 
 Resembles ocean into tempest wrought. 
 To waft a feather, or to drown a fly." 
 
 Young, TAe Complaint, N. i. 
 
 1 04 1. " I am thy father's spirit, 
 
 Doom'd for a cert.ain term to walk the night. 
 And, for the day, confin'd to lasting fires. 
 
198 
 
 V. 739—745- 
 
 THE yENEID. 
 
 V. 745—756. 
 
 And penalties of crimes of old pay out. 
 Some gibbeted are spread to empty winds ; 
 From others underneath the monstrous gulf 
 Their wickedness ingrained is washed away, 
 Or is burnt out by fire. We each endure 
 I lis proper Manes ; then we are dismissed 
 Throughout the wide Elysium, and we few 
 The gladsome fields possess : till length of 
 day[s],— 
 
 Till the foul crimes, done in my days of nature. 
 Are burnt and purg'd away." 
 
 Shakespeare, Hamlet, i. 5. 
 
 1044. Spenser magnificently introduces Pilate in 
 
 the infernal regions, washing his hands, but in 
 
 vain : 
 
 " He lookt a little further, and espyde 
 Another wretch, whose carcas deepe was drent 
 Within the river, which the same did hyde : 
 But both his hands, most filthy feculent. 
 Above the water were on high extent. 
 And faynd to wash themselves incessantly. 
 Yet nothing cleaner were for such intent. 
 But rather fowler seemed to the eye : 
 
 So lost his labour, vaine and ydle industry. 
 
 " The knight, him calling, asked who he was? 
 Who, lifting up his head, him answerd thus : 
 ' I Pilate am, the falsest judge, alas ! 
 And most unjust ; that, by unrighteous 
 And wicked doome,' " &c. F. Q., ii. 7, end. 
 
 Crashaw, on the original act itself : 
 " My hands are wash'd, but, O the water's spilt. 
 That labour'd to have wash'd thy guilt : 
 The flood, if any be that can suffice. 
 Must have its fountain in thine eyes." 
 " What hands are here ? Ha ! they pluck out 
 mine eyes ! 
 Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood 
 Clean from my hand ? No ; this my hand will 
 
 rather 
 The multitudinous seas incarnadine. 
 Making the green — one red." 
 
 Shakespeare, Macbeth, ii. 2. 
 
 1046. " Nor custom, nor example, nor vast numbers 
 
 Of such as do oifend, make less the sin. 
 
 For each particular crime a strict account 
 
 Will be exacted, and that comfort which 
 
 The damned pretend, fellows in misery. 
 
 Takes nothing from their torments : every one 
 
 Must suffer in himself the measure of 
 
 His wickedness." Massinger, The Picture, \v. t. 
 
 1049. " Deceit and artifice ! the turn's too sudden : 
 
 flabitual evils seldom change so soon. 
 
 But many days must pass, and many sorrows. 
 
 Conscious remorse and anguish must be felt. 
 
 To curb desire, to break the stubborn will. 
 
 And work a second nature in the soul." 
 
 Rowe, Ulysses, act i. 
 
 In Ford's Play 'Tis Pity, the Friar thus touch- 
 ingly addresses the guilty Giovanni ; act i. 1 : 
 " Hie to thy father's house : there lock thee fast 
 Within thy chamber ; then fall down 
 On both thy knees, and grovel on the ground ; 
 Cry to thy heart ; wash every word thou utter'st 
 In tears (and if t be possible) in blood : 
 Beg Heaven to cleanse the leprosy of lust 
 That rots thy soul ; acknowledge what thou art — 
 A wretch, a worm, a nothing : weep, sigh, pray, 
 Three times a day, and three times every night." 
 
 The round of time complete, — hath blotted 
 out 1050 
 
 Th' incorporated stain, and taintless left 
 The heaven-born intelligence, and fire 
 Of uncompounded spirit. All of these, 
 When they have through a thousand years 
 
 rolled round 
 The wheel [of Time], to Lethe's flood the 
 
 god _ 
 
 Forth summons in a mighty host ; to wit, 
 That, void of memory, the vault above 
 They may again revisit, and begin 
 To wish into their bodies to return." 1059 
 Anchises said, and on he draws his son, 
 The Sibyl with him too, within the midst 
 Of the assemblies, and the humming crowd ; 
 And fixes on a hillock, whence them all 
 In long array he can in front review, 
 And learn their lineaments as they advance. 
 *' Now come ! what fame upon our Dar- 
 dan race 
 
 Mason follows up the Christian idea thus beau- 
 tifully : 
 
 " O flinty Edgar, 
 What ! will this penitence not move thee ? Know 
 There is a rose-lipp'd seraph sits on high. 
 Who ever bends his holy ear to earth, 
 To mark the voice of penitence, to catch 
 Her solemn sighs, to tune them to his harp. 
 And echo them in harmonies divine 
 Up to the throne of Grace." • Elfrida. 
 
 1051. " Merlin. But follow thou the whispers of 
 
 thy soul. 
 That draw thee nearer Heaven ; 
 And, as thy place is nearest to the sky, 
 The rays will reach thee first, and bleach thy soot. 
 
 Philidel. In hope of .that I spread my azure 
 wings. 
 And wishing still, — for yet I dare not pray, — 
 I bask in daylight, and behold with joy 
 My scum work outward, and my rust wear off." 
 Dryden, King Arthur, ii. i. 
 
 1059. " Heavens ! can you then thus waste, in 
 
 shameful wise, 
 Your few important days of trial here ? 
 Heirs of eternity ! yborn to rise 
 Through endless states of being, still more near 
 To bliss approaching, and perfection clear. 
 Can you renounce a fortune so sublime. 
 Such glorious hopes, your backward steps to steer. 
 And roll, with vilest brutes, thro' mud and slime ! 
 No ! no ! — Your heaven-touch'd heart disdains the 
 sordid crime !" 
 
 " Not less the life, the vivid joy serene. 
 That lighted up these new-created men. 
 Than that which wings th' exulting spirit clean. 
 When just deliver'd from his fleshly den. 
 It soaring seeks its native skies agen : 
 How light its essence ! how unclogg'd its powers. 
 Beyond the blazon of my mortal pen ! 
 Ev'n so we glad forsook the sinful bowers, 
 
 Ev'n such enraptur'd life, such energy was ours." 
 Thomson, Castle of Indolence, ii. end. 
 
 1062. Sonantem, v. 753, must not be rendered 
 too strongly : see vv. 705-9. 
 
V. 756—779- 
 
 BOOK VI. 
 
 V, 779—800. 
 
 199 
 
 Attends hereafter, what posterity 
 From the Italian nation us awaits, — 
 Distinguished spirits, and about to pass 
 Into our name, — I will explain in speech, 
 And in thy destinies will tutor thee. 107 1 
 •*Yon youth, thou seest, who on his 
 
 headless spear 
 Is leaning, holds by lot the nearest post 
 To light. He foremost to the stars of 
 
 heaven. 
 Commingled with Italian blood, shall rise, — 
 Silvius, an Alban title, thy last child ; 
 Whom late to thee, in thy old age, thy 
 
 spouse 
 Lavinia shall bring forth within the woods, 
 A king, and sire of kings, from whom our 
 
 line 
 Shall rule in Alba Longa. He the next 
 Is Procas, of the Trojan race the pride, 
 And Capys [too], and Numitor, and he. 
 Who thee shall in his name reflect, Silvius 
 yEneas, equally for piety 1084 
 
 Or arms distinguished, if at any time 
 He Alba shall receive to rule. What youths ! 
 Behold what mighty pow'rs do they display ! 
 E'en shaded with the civic oak, they bear 
 Their temples. These Nomentum shall for 
 
 thee, 
 And Gabii, and Fidenae's city ; these 1090 
 Shall plant upon the hills Collatia's towers, 
 For praise of chastity renowned ; and add 
 Pometii the haughty, and the Fort 
 Of Inuus, and Bola^ Cora too. 
 These then shall be their names ; the lands 
 
 are now 
 Without a name. Yea too, in company 
 With his grandsire, Mavortian Romulus 
 Shall join him j whom shall of Assarac's 
 
 blood 
 
 1069. The idea in ituras, v. 758, seems to be that 
 which Sir John Davies combats here ; 
 " Nor in a secret cloister doth he keep 
 
 These virgin-spirits, till their marriage-day ; 
 Nor locks them up in chambers, where they sleep 
 Till they awake within these beds of clay." 
 Immortality of tJie Soul, section 5. 
 But Thomson avails himself of it in Alfred, ii. 3 : 
 " From those eternal regions bright. 
 Where suns that never set in night 
 
 Diffuse the golden day. 
 Where Spring unfading pours around, 
 O'er all the dew-impearled ground. 
 
 Her thousand colours gay ; 
 O ! whether on the fountain's flowery side. 
 Whence living waters glide, 
 Or in the fragrant grove 
 Whose shade embosoms Peace and Love, 
 New pleasures all your hours employ. 
 And ravish every sense with every joy : 
 Great heirs of empire yet unborn 
 Who shall this island late adorn ! 
 A monarch's drooping thought to cheer. 
 Appear! appear! appear!" 
 
 His mother Ilia bring to light. Dost thou 
 
 not see 
 How double plumes are standing from his 
 
 head, i icx) 
 
 And e'en the father of the gods above 
 Now stamps him with a dignity, his own ? 
 Behold ! beneath his auspices, my son, 
 That glorious Rome her sovereignty shall 
 
 bring 
 To match with earth, her gallantry with 
 
 heaven. 
 And singly for herself her seven heights 
 With rampart girdle, happy in a race 
 Of heroes : as the Berecynthian dame 
 Is wafted in her chariot, crowned with 
 
 towers. 
 Through Phrygia's cities, blithe with birth 
 
 of gods, 1 1 10 
 
 A hundred grandsons folding in her arms, 
 All denizens of heav'n, all tenanting 
 The heights empyreal. Hither both thine 
 
 eyes 
 Now turn ; this nation view, e'en Romans 
 
 thine. 
 This Coesar is, and all lulus' strain. 
 Decreed to pass beneath the mighty cope 
 Of heav'n. This is the man, this he, whom 
 
 thou 
 Dost often, often hear to thee is pledged, — 
 Augustus Coesar, offspring of a god ; 
 He who shall found the age of gold again 
 In Latium, o'er the territories ruled 1121 
 By Saturn erst ; and past the Garamants 
 And Indians shall his sovereignty extend. 
 Without the constellations lies their land, 
 Without the pathways of the year and sun, 
 Where heav'n-supporting Atlas whirls the 
 
 pole 
 Upon his shoulder, chased with blazing 
 
 stars. 
 At his approach e'en now both Caspian 
 
 realms, 
 And the Maeotian land, are struck aghast 
 
 1 125. " In climes beyond the solar road. 
 Where shaggy forms o'er ice-built mountains 
 
 roam, 
 The Muse has broke the twilight gloom, 
 To cheer the shivering native's dull abode." 
 Gray, The Progress 0/ Poesy. 
 
 1127. " Even from the fiery-spangled veil of 
 heaven." 
 
 Marlowe, Tamburlaine the Great, v. a. 
 
 Dr. Young has somewhere "blossomed with 
 stars." Milton's " powdered with stars," P. L., 
 b. vii., may have been taken from SackvUlc's lit' 
 duction, St. 9 : 
 
 " Then looking upward to the heavens beames, 
 With nightes starres thicke powdrcd every where, 
 Which erst so glistened with the golden streamcs. 
 That chcarcfull Phebus spred downe from his 
 sphere." 
 
1' 
 
 THE jENEID, 
 
 V. 818—832. 
 
 At answers of the gods, and troubled be 
 The flurried outlets of the sev'nfold Nile. 
 Nor did in sooth Alcides overpass 1132 
 So wide [a span] of earth, although he 
 
 pierced 
 The bronzen-footed hind, or tranquillized 
 The groves of Erymanth, and Lerna forced 
 To shudder through his bow : nor he who 
 
 sways 
 His team with reins, encircled with the vine, 
 In conquest, — Liber, driving tigers down 
 From Nysa's lofty crest. And do we still 
 Demur to spread our fame by our exploits ? 
 Or is it fear, that bars our settling down 
 Upon Ausonia's land ?" *' But who is he 
 Afar, distinguished by the olive-sprays. 
 Bearing the holy things ?" "I know the 
 locks 1 144 
 
 And frosty chin of Roma's monarch, who 
 The city first shall stablish by his laws ; 
 From petty Cures, and a poor estate. 
 Commissioned to majestic sway. To whom 
 Shall Tullus next succeed, he who shall 
 
 break 
 The quiet of his native land, and rouse 1 1 56 
 To arms his restful subjects, and the hosts, 
 To triumphs now unused. Whom follows 
 
 close 
 Too vauntful Ancus, now, e'en now, o'er- 
 
 much 
 Rejoicing in mob-breath. And dost thou 
 
 list 
 
 1147, 8. " And, as in cloudy days, we see the sun 
 Glide over turrets, temples, richest fields. 
 All those left dark, and slighted in his waj', 
 And on the wretched plight of some poor shed. 
 Pours all the glories of his golden head : 
 So heavenly virtue on this envied lord 
 Points all his graces." Shirley, CJiabot, iv. i. 
 
 1 153, 4. " O popular applause ! What heart of man 
 Is proof against thy sweet seducing charms ? 
 The wisest and the best feel urgent need 
 Of all their caution in thy gentlest gales ; 
 But swell'd into a gust, — who then, alas ! 
 With all his canvas set, and inexpert. 
 And therefore heedless, can withstand thy 
 pow'r ?" Cowper, Task, b. ii. 
 
 " Foe to restraint, unpractis'd in deceit. 
 Too resolute, from nature's active heat, 
 To brook affronts, and tamely pass them by ; 
 Too proud to flatter, too sincere to lie. 
 Too plain to please, too honest to be great. 
 Give me, kind Heav'n, an humbler, happier state ; 
 Far from the place where men with pride deceive. 
 Where rascals promise, and where fools believe ; 
 Far from the walk of folly, vice, and strife. 
 Calm, independent, let me steal through life. 
 Nor one vain wish my steady thoughts beguile 
 To fear his lordship's frown, or court his smile." 
 Churchill, Night. 
 
 " Wilt thou assign the flatteries, whereon 
 The reeling pillars of a popular breath 
 Have rais'd thy giant-like conceit ?" 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Tlie Laws of Candy, i. 2. 
 
 The Tarquin monarchs, and the haughty 
 
 soul 
 Of vengeful Brutus, and the fascial rods, 
 Recovered, to behold ? The consul's sway 
 And ruthless axes he shall first receive ; 
 And, [though] a father, shall his sons, 
 
 strange wars 
 Arousing, to their punishment, for sake 1 160 
 Of beauteous freedom, call. Unhappy man ! 
 Howe'er posterity these deeds shall brook, 
 The love of country, and a boundless lust 
 Of praises, shall prevail. Moreover too. 
 The Decii, and the Drusi far away, 
 And, unrelenting with his axe, behold 
 Torquatus ; and, the standards bringing 
 
 back, 
 Camillus. But those sprites, whom thou 
 
 perceiv'st 
 Gleaming in weapons uniform, in heart 
 Knit now, and while in night they're over- 
 whelmed, — 1 1 70 
 Alas ! how sore the war between them, if 
 The light of life they shall have reached ! 
 
 How sore 
 The battles and the carnage they shall wake! 
 From Alpine piles, and from Monoecus' 
 
 tower. 
 The sire-in-law down swooping; son-in-law, 
 
 1 159. "Raymond. What 'treason is it to redeem 
 my king. 
 And to reform the state ? 
 
 Torrismojid. That's a stale cheat : 
 
 The primitive rebel, Lucifer, first us'd it. 
 And was the first reformer of the skies." 
 
 Dryden, Spanish Fryar, v. 
 
 1 161. " Beauteous freedom." The Tarquins 
 would have said : 
 
 " Now mince the sin. 
 And mollify damnation with a phrase." 
 
 Dryden, Spanish Fryar, v. 
 
 1162. " Brook," or, perhaps, " tell." The mean- 
 ing of the passage seems to be this. It is as if 
 Anchises had said: "I am aware that this act of 
 Brutus is questionable, and that hereafter it will be 
 freely canvassed, and by some as freely condemned. 
 But, notwithstanding this difference of opinion, I 
 believe that the upholders of Brutus will at last 
 carry the world with them. The love of country, 
 and the desire for the approval of good men, will 
 be pronounced paramount to all considerations of 
 private interest or affection." 
 
 1 163, 4. " Though the desire of fame be the last 
 weakness 
 Wise men put off." 
 
 Massinger, A Very Woman, v. 4. 
 
 Gifford, in a note on this passage, says that 
 Massinger and Milton (who calls fame, " That 
 last infirmity of a noble mind,") were probably both 
 indebted to Tacitus: " Quando etiam sapientibus 
 cupido glories novissima exuitur." Hist. xi. 6. 
 
 1171. " If you can look into the seeds of time. 
 And say, which grain will grow, and which will 
 not." Shakespeare, Macbeth, i. 3. 
 
V. 832— 847. 
 
 BOOK VI, 
 
 y. 847—866. 
 
 30Z 
 
 With troops to meet him, from the East 
 
 supplied 1 
 Do not, my sons, do not familiarize 
 Sucligrievousbattlcs to your minds, nor turn 
 Your lusty strength against your country's 
 
 bowels : 
 And thou the first, do thou forbear, who 
 
 draw'st 1 1 80 
 
 Thy lineage frorn Olympus ; fling away 
 The weapons from thy hand, O my own 
 
 blood ! 
 That [warrior] to the lofty Capitol, 
 A conqueror, on Corinth triumphed o'er, 
 Shall drive his chariot, marked by slaugh- 
 tered Greeks. 
 This Argos shall uproot, Mycenoe, too, 
 [The seat] of Agamemnon, aye and e'en 
 A child of ^acus, Achilles' seed. 
 The powerful in armor, having venged 
 The ancestors of Troja, and Minei"va's 
 
 fane, 1190 
 
 That was disgraced. Who, mighty Cato, 
 
 thee, 
 Orthee, OCossus, could unmentioned leave? 
 Who could the race of Gracchus ? Or [those] 
 
 twain, 
 Two levin-bolts of war, the Scipios, 
 The scourge of Libya? And Fabricius, 
 A master [spirit] in a petty sphere ? 
 Or thee, Serranus, sowing in thy trench ? 
 Whither, O Fabii, hurry wearied me ? 
 Thou art that " Maximus," who dost alone 
 
 1179. " See, see, the pining malady of France ! 
 Behold the wounds, the most unnatural wounds, 
 Which thou thyself hast given her woful breast ! 
 O, turn thy edged sword another way ; 
 Strike those that hurt, and hurt not those that 
 
 help; 
 One drop of blood, drawn from thy country's 
 
 bosom. 
 Should grieve thee more than streams of foreign 
 
 gore." Shakespeare, i A'. Hen. VI., iii. 3. 
 
 " Every wound 
 We give our country is a crimson tear 
 From our own heart. They are a viperous brood 
 Gnaw through the bowels of their parent." 
 
 Shirley, 1'he Politician, iv. 2. 
 
 1197. " Cromwell, I charge thee, fling away am- 
 bition : 
 By that sin fell the angels." 
 
 Shakespeare, King Henry VIII., iii. 2. 
 
 " You have worth, 
 Richly enamelled with modesty ; 
 And, though your lofty merit might sit crown'd 
 On Caucasus, or the Pyrenaean mountains. 
 You choose the humbler valley, and had rather 
 Grow a safe shrub below, than dare the winds, 
 And be a cedar." 
 
 Randolph, The Muses' Looking-Glass , iii. 2. 
 
 " Trust me, I prize jxjor virtue with a rag 
 Better than vice with both the Indies." 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, 2'lu Faithful 
 Friends, iv. 4. 
 
 For us by dallying retrieve the state. 1200 
 Others more tenderly shall model out 
 Their breathing bronzes, truly I believe ; 
 Shall living features from the marble draw ; 
 riead causes better ; and the heav'n's career 
 Map out with wand, and rise of stars de- 
 scribe : 
 Do thou, to rule the nations 'neath thy 
 
 sway, 
 Remember, Roman ! these shall be thy 
 
 arts : — 
 E'en to obtrude upon them terms of peace. 
 To spare the prostrate, and to crush the 
 
 proud." 
 Thus sire Anchises ; and, in their amaze, 
 He these subjoins : *\See how Marcellus, 
 
 badged ' 1211 
 
 With trophies from the gen'ral, stalks along 
 And, conq'ror, all the heroes overtops ! 
 He shall the state of Rome, while tumult vast 
 Is troubling it, support ; he, mounted on 
 
 his steed. 
 Shall quell the Pceni and revolting Gaul, 
 And the third captured arms shall hang aloft 
 To sire Quirinus." And .^neas here : — 
 For pacing by his side he saw a youth. 
 Peerless in figure and^in gleaming arms. 
 But little blithe his forehead, and his eyne 
 With downcast look : — '* Who, sire, is he, 
 
 who thus 1222 
 
 Accompanies the warrior as he goes ? 
 His son ? Or any of his mighty stock 
 Of grandsons ? What a buzz of retinue 
 
 1202. " Breathing :" that is, of course, seemingly 
 alive ; as Spenser represents Minerva working a 
 Butterfly : 
 
 " Emongst these leaves she made a butterflie, 
 With excellent device and wondrous slight, 
 Fluttring among the olives wantonly. 
 That seem'd to live, so like it was in sight : 
 The velvet nap which on his wings doth lie. 
 The silken downe with which his backe is dight. 
 His broad outstretched homes, his hayrie thies. 
 His glorious colours, and his glistering eies." 
 Muiopotnios, 42. 
 
 " Such are thy pieces, imitating life 
 
 So near, they almost conquer in the strife." 
 
 Dryden, Ep. to Sir G. Kneller. 
 
 " Still to new scenes my wandering muse retires. 
 And the dumb show of breathing rocks admires ; 
 Where the smooth chisel all its force hxis shown. 
 And soften'd into flesh the rugged stone." 
 
 Addison, Letter to Lord Halifax, 
 
 " Beneath yon storied roof, where mimic life 
 Glows to the eye, and at the painter's touch 
 A new creation lives along the walls." 
 
 Murphy, T/te Orphan of China, act U. 
 
 1225, 6. So Gray of Queen Elizabeth : 
 
 " Girt with njany a baron bold 
 Sublime their starry fronts they rear : 
 And gorgeous dames and statesmen old, 
 In bearded majesty, appear. 
 
V. 866—885. 
 
 THE jENEID. 
 
 15—902. 
 
 Around ! His bearing in himself how grand ! 
 But ebon Night is hov'ring round his head 
 With sullen shade." The sire Anchises then 
 
 began, 
 With eyedrops starting forth: "O son, 
 
 seek not 
 The weighty sorrows of thy kin. The 
 
 Fates 1230 
 
 Shall but just hold him to the view of earth. 
 Nor farther let him live. O'ermuch to you 
 Rome's race had puissant seemed, ye gods 
 
 above, 
 If these your boons had ever-during proved. 
 What grievous groans of warriors will that 
 
 field, 
 By Mars' majestic city, send abroad ! 
 Aye, too, what obsequies, O Tiberine, 
 Shalt thou behold, when thou shalt glide 
 
 along 
 By his fresh grave ! Nor shall there any 
 
 youth 
 Of Ilian race his Latin ancestors 1240 
 
 To such a lofty pitch with hope upraise : 
 Nor ever shall the land of Romulus 
 In any nursling vaunt herself so high. 
 Ah piety ! Ah faith of olden days ! 
 And thou, O right hand, unsubdued in war ! 
 Not with impunity would any [knight] 
 Have tilted on to meet him, cased in arms, 
 Or when afoot against the foeman he would 
 
 march. 
 Or gore with spurs his foaming charger's 
 
 flanks. 
 Alas ! O youth, for pity meet ! If thou 
 Thy felon destinies in any wise 125 1 
 
 Canst burst away, Marcellus thou shalt be. 
 By handfuls give me lilies ; let me strew 
 Their gaudy blossoms, and uppile the shade 
 
 In the midst a form divine ! 
 
 Her eye proclaims her of the Briton line : 
 
 Her lion-fort, her awe-commanding face, , 
 
 Attemper'd sweet to virgin grace." 
 
 The Bard, iii. 2. 
 1231. " He has a victory in 's death : this world 
 Deserved him not. How soon he was translated 
 To glorious eternity ! 'Tis too late 
 To fright the air with words ; my tears embalm 
 
 him." Shirley, Chabot, end. 
 
 1244. " Oh, thou art gone, and gone with thee all 
 
 goodness, 
 The great example of all equity, 
 (Oh, thou alone a Roman, thou art perished !) 
 Faith, fortitude, and constant nobleness ! 
 Weep, Rome ! weep, Italy ! Weep all that knew 
 
 him." J. Fletcher, Valetitiiiian, iv. 4. 
 
 1254. " Ye valleys low, where the mild whispers 
 
 rise 
 Of shades, and wanton winds, and gushing 
 
 brooks. 
 On whose fresh lap the swart-star sparely looks ; 
 Throw hither all your quaint enamell'd eyes. 
 That on the green turf suck the honied showers, 
 And purple all the ground with vernal flowers. 
 
 Of my descendant with these gifts at least, 
 And an unprofitable duty pay." 
 
 Thus they at large throughout the region 
 range 
 In spacious plains of air, and all survey. 
 Through each whereof when had Anchises 
 
 led 
 His son, and fired his spirit with the love 
 Of coming fame, he next the hero tells 1 261 
 The battles, which thereafter should be 
 
 waged ; 
 Informs him also of Laurentine clans, 
 And city of Latinus ; and the means. 
 Whereby each toil he may or shun or bear. 
 Two gates there are of Sleep, whereof 
 
 the one 
 Is said to be of horn, through which is 
 
 given 
 A ready outlet to the real shades : 
 The other, lustrous, finished off with sheen 
 Of iv'ry ; but [by this] to th' upper world 
 Fantastic visions do the Manes send. 1 27 1 
 When with these words Anchises then es- 
 corts 
 His offspring, and the Sibyl by his side, 
 And lets them out by th' iv'ry gate, — he 
 
 treads 
 The pathway to the galleys, and his mates 
 Revisits ; then straight bears him through 
 
 the shore 
 To Caiet's port. The anchor from the bow 
 Is cast ; the sterns are resting on the 
 
 strand. 
 
 Bring the rathe primrose that forsaken dies, 
 The tufted crow-toe, and pale jessamine, 
 The white pink, and the pansy freak'd with jet. 
 The glowing violet. 
 
 The musk rose, and the well-attired woodbine. 
 With cowslips wan that hang the pensive head. 
 And every flower that sad embroidery wears : 
 Bid Amaranthus all his beauty shed. 
 And daffodillies fill their cups with tears, 
 To strew the laureat hearse where Lycid lies." 
 Milton, Lycidas. 
 
 " With fairest flowers, 
 While" summer lasts, and I live here, Fidele, 
 I'll sweeten thy sad grave. Thou shalt not lack 
 The flower, that's like thy face, pale primrose ; nor 
 The azur'd harebell, like thy veins ; no, nor 
 The leafy eglantine, whom not to slander, 
 Outsweeten'd not thy breath. The ruddock would. 
 With charitable bill," "bring thee all this ; 
 Yea, and furr'd moss besides, vhen flowers are none, 
 To winter-guard thy corse." 
 
 Shakespeare, Cyvtheline, iv. 2. 
 
 1256. " Hung be the heavens with black, yield day 
 to night ! 
 Comets, importing change of times and states. 
 Brandish your crystal tresses in the sky. 
 And with them scourge the bad revolting star.s, 
 That have consented unto Henry's death ! 
 Henry the Fifth, too famous to live long ! 
 England ne'er lost a king of so much worth." 
 Shakespeare, i King Henry VI., i. i, 1-7. 
 
V. I — II. 
 
 BOOK VIL 
 
 V. II — 1 6. 
 
 aoj 
 
 BOOK VII. 
 
 Thou, also, to our shores, TEnean nurse, 
 
 Caieta, at thy death undying fame 
 
 Hast giv'n ; and now thy glory guards thy 
 
 home, 
 And in the great Hesperia does thy name 
 Thy bones mark out, if that is any boast. 
 But good /Eneas, — her funereal rites 
 Duly discharged, the barrow of the tomb 
 Upraised, — when once the mountain seas 
 
 reposed. 
 Pursues his voyage under sail, and quits 
 The haven. Breathe the breezes on the night, 
 Nor does the silver moon their course 
 
 forbid ; , 1 1 
 
 The ocean gleams beneath her dancing 
 
 ray. 
 The nearest shores to Circe's land aregrazed. 
 Wherein the wealthy daughter of the Sun 
 
 Line 8. " And weary waves, withdrawing from the 
 fight, 
 Lie luU'd and panting on the silent shore. 
 
 Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, 98. 
 
 II, 12. " Now through the passing cloud she seems 
 to stoop, 
 Now up the pure cerulean rides sublime. 
 Wide the pale deluge floats, and streaming mild 
 O'er the sky'd mountain to the shadowy vale, 
 While rocks and floods reflect the quivering gleam, 
 The whole air whitens with a boundless tide 
 Of silver radiance, trembling round the world." 
 Thomson, Autumn. 
 " But soft ! the golden glow subsides ; 
 Her chariot mounts on high ; 
 And now in silver'd pomp she rides 
 Pale regent of the sky." 
 
 Cunningham, 7'/u: Contetnplattst, 7. 
 
 12. Or, by less displacement of the Latin words : 
 " Gleams underneath her bickering light the deep." 
 14. " Within the navel of this hideous wood. 
 Immured in cypress shades a sorcerer dwells. 
 Of Bacchus and of Circe bom, great Comus, 
 Deep skill'd in all his mother's witcheries ; 
 And here to every thirsty wanderer 
 By sly enticement gives his baneful cup. 
 With many murmurs mix'd, whose pleasing poison 
 The visage quite transforms of him that drinks. 
 And the inglorious likeness of a beast 
 Fixes instead, unmoulding reason's mintage, 
 Character'd in the face. This have I learnt. 
 Tending my flocks hard bv i' the hilly crofts. 
 That brow this bottom glade : whence night by 
 
 night 
 He and his monstrous rout are heard to howl. 
 Like stabled wolves, or tigers at their prey. 
 Doing abhorred rites to Hecate 
 In their obscured haunts of inward bowers. 
 Yet have they many baits, and guileful spells. 
 To inveigle and invite the unwary sense 
 Of them that pass unwceting by the way." 
 
 Milton, Comus. 
 See Ben Jensen's magnificent Witch scene in 
 The Masque of Queens, enacted before James I., 
 1609. 
 
 The groves, that must not be approached, 
 
 makes ring 
 With ceaseless song, and in her prideful 
 
 domes 
 Bums musky cedar for her nightly lamps, 
 Traveling the filmy warp with whistling 
 
 reed. 
 Hence groans are clearly heard, and lions' 
 
 wrath, _ 19 
 
 Rejecting chains, and roaring late at night; 
 
 16. " Can any mortal mixture of earth's mould 
 Breathe such divine, enchanting ravishment ? 
 Sure something holy lodges in that breast, 
 And with these raptures moves the vocal air 
 To testify his hidden residence. 
 How sweetly did they float upon the wings 
 Of silence, through the empty-vaulted night. 
 At every fall smoothing the raven down 
 Of darkness, till it smil'd ! I have oft heard 
 My mother Circe with the Syrens three. 
 Amidst the flowery-kirtled Naiades, 
 Culling their potent herbs and baleful drugs ; 
 Who, as they sung, would take the prison'd soul, 
 And lap it in Elysium." Milton, Comus. 
 
 19, " Whiles we stood here securing your repose. 
 Even now, we heard a hollow burst of bellowing. 
 Like bulls, or rather lions : did it not wake you ? 
 It struck mine ear most terribly." 
 
 Shakespeare, Tempest, ii. i. 
 
 " Silence and solitude are every where. 
 
 Through all the gloomy ways, and iron doors. 
 That hither lead, nor human face nor voice 
 Is seen or heard. A dreadful din was wont 
 To grate the sense, when entered here, from 
 
 groans. 
 And howls of slaves condemned ; from clink of 
 
 chains, 
 And crash of rusty bars and creaking hinges : • 
 And ever and anon the sight was dashed 
 With frightful faces, and the meagre looks 
 Of grim and ghastly executioners." 
 
 Congreve, The Mourning Bride, v. 
 
 " He knows her shifts and haunts ; 
 And all her wiles and turns ; the venom'd plants 
 Wherewith she kills; where the sad mandrake 
 
 grows. 
 Whose groans are deathful : the dead-numbing 
 
 nightshade. 
 The stupefying hemlock, adder's tongue. 
 And martagan : the shrieks of luckless owls 
 We hear, and croaking night-crows in the air ! 
 Green-bellied snakes, blue fire-drakes in the sky. 
 And giddy flitter-mice with leathern wings ! 
 The scaly beetles, with their habergeons. 
 That make a humming murmur as they fly ! 
 There in the stocks of trees white faies do dwell. 
 And span-long elves that dance about a pool. 
 With each a little changeling in their arms ! 
 The air>' spirits play with falling stars, 
 And mount the sphere of fire to kiss the moon ! 
 While she sits reading by the glow-worm's light. 
 Or rotten wood, o'er which the worm hath crept. 
 The baneful schedule of her nocent charms. 
 And binding characters, through which she wounds 
 Her puppets, the sigilla of her witchcraft." 
 
 Ben JonsoD, Th* Sad Shepkerd, ii. a. 
 
204 
 
 V. 17—33. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 33—48. 
 
 And bristly boars and bears within their 
 
 stalls 
 Are raging ; howl, too, shapes of monster 
 
 wolves ; 
 Which from the guise of men the goddess 
 
 grim, 
 Circe, had by her pow'rful herbs transshaped 
 To visages and forms of savage beasts. 
 Which such portents that Troja's holy sons 
 Might not endure, when wafted into port, 
 Nor near the shores accursed, Neptune 
 
 filled 
 Their sails with fav'ring winds, and sped 
 
 their flight, 
 And carried them beyond the seething 
 
 shoals. 30 
 
 And now 'gan flush with beams [of light] 
 
 the main. 
 And from the lofty welkin saffron Morn 
 In rosy chariot gleamed ; when fell the 
 
 gales. 
 And every blast sank suddenly to rest, 
 And on the lazy surface strain the oars. 
 And here a grove immense ^neas spies 
 From forth the ocean. Through the midst 
 
 thereof 
 [The god] of Tiber in his charming stream, 
 With racing eddies, and of golden hue 
 With plenteous sand, bursts onward to the 
 
 sea ; 40 
 
 And motley birds around and overhead, 
 Used to the banks and channel of the tide. 
 
 26, 7. " You spotted snakes, with double tongue, 
 Thorny hedge-hogs, be not seen ; 
 Newts, and bUnd-worms do no wrong : 
 Come not near our fairy queen. 
 
 Philomel, with melody 
 
 Sing in our sweet lullaby : 
 Lulla, lulla, lullaby ; lulla, lulla, lullaby ; 
 Never harm, nor spell, nor charm. 
 Come our lovely lady nigh ; 
 So, good night, with lullaby. 
 
 Weaving spiders, come not here ; 
 
 Hence, you long-legg'd spinners, hence ; 
 Beetles black, approach not near ; 
 Worm, nor snail, do no offence." 
 Shakespeare, Midsujnmer Night's Dream, ii. 3. 
 
 " I know thy trains. 
 Though dearly to my cost, thy gins, and toils ; 
 Thy fair enchanted cup, and warbling charms, 
 No more on me have power ; their force is null'd : 
 So much of adder's wisdom have I learn'd. 
 To fence my ear against thy sorceries." 
 
 Milton, Samson. 
 
 28. Similarly Guyon escapes the " Rock of Re- 
 proch :" 
 
 " So forth they rowed ; and that ferryman 
 With his stiffe oares did brush the sea so strong. 
 That the hoare waters from his frigot ran, 
 And the light bubbles daunced all along. 
 Whiles the salt brine out of the billowes sprong." 
 Spenser, Faerie Queene, ii. 12, 10. 
 
 The welkin were enchanting with their 
 
 song. 
 And flutt'ring through the grove. To 
 
 bend their course, 
 And veer the prows to land, he bids the 
 
 crews, 
 And enters in delight the shady flood. 
 Come now, O Erato, who were the 
 
 kings, 
 What crises of affairs, the posture what 
 Of ancient Latium, when a foreign host 
 Their fleet first landed on Ausonian coasts, 
 Will I unfold, and from the first retrace 5 1 
 The sources of the fray : thou, thou, thy 
 
 bard, 
 Teach, goddess ! I will sing of dreadful 
 
 wars. 
 Will sing of battles, and of princes, forced 
 To death by passions, and the Tyrrhene 
 
 band. 
 And whole Hesperia mustered under arms. 
 A higher train of subjects rises up 
 For me ; a higher task I undertake. 
 
 The kingLatinus fields and towns, at rest 
 In lengthful peace, in years now stricken, 
 
 ruled. 60 
 
 That he of Faunus and a Laurent Nymph, 
 Marica, was begotten, we receive. 
 To Faunus Picus father was : and he 
 
 43. " The briddes singen, it is no nay, 
 The sperhauk and the popingay. 
 
 That joie it was to here ; 
 The throstel cok made eke his lay. 
 The wode dove upon the spray. 
 He sang ful loude and clere." 
 
 Chaucer, Rime of Sir Thojias, 10. 
 
 " The warblers lively tunes essay. 
 The lark on wing, the linnet on the spray, 
 While music trembles in their songful throats ; 
 The bullfinch whistles soft his flute-like notes. 
 The bolder blackbird swells sonorous lays ; 
 The varying thrush commands a tuneful maze : 
 Each a wild length of melody pursues. 
 While the soft- murmuring, amorous wood-dove 
 
 coos ; 
 And, when in spring these melting mixtures flow. 
 The cuckoo sends her unison of woe." 
 
 Savage, The Wafiderer, c. v. 
 
 53. " So much the rather thou, celestial Light, 
 Shine inward, and the mind through all her 
 
 powers 
 Irradiate ; there plant eyes, all mist from thence 
 Purge and disperse, that I may see and tell 
 Of things invisible to mortal sight." 
 
 Milton, P. L., b. iii. 
 
 57. " Thee I revisit now with bolder wing, 
 
 Escap'd the Stygian pool, though long detain'd 
 In that obscure sojourn, while in my flight 
 Through utter and through middle darkness 
 
 borne. 
 With other notes than to the Orphean lyre, 
 I sung of Chaos and eternal Night ; 
 Taught by the heavenly muse to venture down 
 The dark descent, and up to reascend, 
 Though hard and rare." Ibid. 
 
V. 48 — 76. 
 
 BOOK VII. 
 
 V. 76 — 96. 
 
 ao5 
 
 Relates that thou, O Saturn, wast his sire ; 
 Thou art remotest founder of the race. 
 ]Jy the decree of gods, a son to him 
 And issue male was none ; e'en as it dawned, 
 'Twas ravished from him in the prime of 
 
 youth. 
 I lis palace, and his tenements so vast, 
 An only daughter kept, now ripe for man, 
 Now fit for marriage in completed years. 
 Her, many from great Latium, and through- 
 out 72 
 Entire Ausonia, courted ; Tumus courts, 
 Before all other [suitors] passing fair, 
 Of pow'r through ancestors on ancestors ; 
 Whom to have linked to her as son-in-law 
 The royal consort sped with wondrous zeal: 
 But signs of gods with manifold alarms 
 Withstand. There was a "Laurel" 'mid 
 
 the dome. 
 Within its deep recesses, consecrate 80 
 In locks, and during many a year with awe 
 Enguarded ; which, when lighted on, the 
 
 sire 
 Latinus, when he reared his maiden towers, 
 Himself was rumored to have sanctified 
 For Phoebus, and therefrom the name, 
 *' Laurentines," on the settlers to have fixed. 
 The topmost crest hereof did clustering 
 
 bees, — 
 A marvel to be told ! — with mighty hum 
 Across the limpid welkin borne, invest, 
 And, with their feet in one another's linked, 
 A swarm hung sudden from a bough in leaf. 
 Straight cries a seer : "A foreign hero we 
 Behold approaching, and a host in quest 93 
 Of the same quarters from the selfsame parts. 
 And lording o'er us from the castle height." 
 Moreover, while the altars with religious 
 
 links 
 The maid Lavinia kindles, as she stands 
 Beside her father, she appeared, — oh, 
 
 dread ! — 
 With her long tresses to catch up the fire, 
 ■ And through her whole apparel to be burnt 
 In crackling flame, alike in royal locks 
 Ablaze, ablaze in diadem, adorned 102 
 
 79. Laurws, however, is the "bay-tree." 
 
 80. " For it had been an auncient tree 
 Sacred with many a mysteree, 
 And often crost with the priestes crewe, 
 And often hallowed with holy-water dewe." 
 
 Sheplteards Calender, Februarie. 
 
 102. " 'Tis well ! so great a beauty 
 
 Must have her ornaments. Nature adorns 
 The peacock's tail with stars ; 'tis she attires 
 The bird of paradise in all her plumes ; 
 She decks the fields with various flowers ; 'tis she 
 Spangled the heavens with all those glorious 
 
 lights : 
 She spotted the ermine's skin ; and arm'd the fish 
 
 With jewelry ; then smoky to be wrapt 
 In ruddy light, and all throughout the dome 
 To scatter Vulcan. This in sooth was held 
 [A] dread [portent], and wondrous to be 
 
 seen : 
 For chanted they that she would brilliant 
 
 prove 
 In fame and fortunes ; but that it presaged 
 To her own people a momentous war. 
 But, anxious at the prodigies, the king 1 10 
 The oracles of Faunus, his prophetic sire, 
 Approaches, and consults the groves 
 By deep Albunea, which of woodland 
 
 [streams] 
 The noblest, from its holy well-head brawls. 
 And, dark, breathes out fell pestilential 
 
 reek. 
 Herefrom the clans of Italy, and all 
 CEnotria's land in their perplexities 
 Seek answers. Hither when his gifts the 
 
 priest 
 Hath brought, and underneath the stilly 
 
 night, 
 On skins of butchered ewes outspread, lain 
 down, 120 
 
 And slumbers courted ; many a spectral 
 
 shape. 
 In wondrous fashions flutt'ring, he beholds. 
 And sundry voices hears ; enjoys he too 
 The converse of the gods, and from Avemus' 
 
 depths 
 Accosts the Ach'ron. Here then e'en himself 
 The sire Latinus, seeking for replies, 
 A hundred woolly ewes of two years old 
 Slew duly, and upon the skin thereof, 
 And fleeces spread, he cushioned lay. A 
 
 voice 
 Is sudden from the lofty grove returned : 
 " Seek not in Latin marriage- ties to wed 
 
 In silver mail. But man she sent forth naked. 
 Not that he should remain so, but that he, 
 Indued with reason, should adorn himself 
 With every one of these. The silk-worm is 
 Only man's spinster ; else we might suspect 
 That she esteem'd the painted butterfly 
 Above her master-piece. You are the image 
 Of that bright goddess, therefore wear the jewels 
 Of all the east ; let the Red Sea be ransack'd 
 To make you glitter." 
 
 Randolph, The Muse^ Looking-Glass, iv. i. 
 
 112. "As those Druids taught, which kept the 
 British rites. 
 And dwelt in darksome groves, there counselling 
 with sprites." Drayton, Polyolbion, s. i. 34, 5. 
 
 124. " Oh : bear me to the vast embowering shades. 
 To twilight groves, and visionary vales ; 
 To weeping grottoes, and prophetic glooms ; 
 Where angel forms athwart the solemn dusk 
 Tremendous sweep, or seem to sweep along ; _ 
 And voices more tnan human, through the void 
 Deep-sounding, seize th' enthusiastic ear !" 
 
 Thomson, Autumm. 
 
206 
 
 V. 96 — 126. 
 
 THE JENEW. 
 
 V. 126 — 146. 
 
 Thy daughter, O my offspring, neither trust 
 The nuptial union that has been arranged. 
 Come foreign sons-in-law, who by their 
 blood 134 
 
 Our reputation to the stars may waft, 
 And from whose root our children's chil- 
 dren, all 
 Beneath their feet, where Sol, careering 
 
 back. 
 Each Ocean views, both rolled and ruled 
 
 shall see." 
 These father Faunus' answers and his 
 
 warnings, 
 Vouchsafed him in the still of night, him- 
 self 140 
 Latinus shuts not up within his lip ; 
 But, flitting round far-wide, had Rumor 
 
 now 
 Through towns Ausonian wafted them away, 
 When the Laomedontian youth fast moored 
 Their navy to the margent's turfy rise. 
 
 .^neas, and the leading chiefs, and fair 
 lulus, lay their bodies down beneath 
 The branches of a stately tree, and set 
 In order their repast, and wheaten cakes 
 Along the grass they place beneath the 
 feast ; — 150 
 
 'Twas thus that did he, Jupiter, inspire ; — 
 And with wild fruits the corny board enrich. 
 Here th' other [cates] by chance devoured, 
 
 what time 
 To turn their teeth upon the scanty bread 
 The dearth of diet forced them, and profane 
 With hand and jaws presumptuous the disc 
 Of fateful cake, nor spare its quarters broad : 
 " Ho ! e'en our boards are we devouring !" 
 
 cries 
 lulus, nor indulging further jests. 
 That speech, when heard, first brought an 
 end of woes ; i6o 
 
 And from the speaker's lips straight caught 
 
 it up 
 His sire, and, mazed at th' oracle, he 
 
 paused. 
 Forthwith, " Hail ! land by fates my due, 
 
 and ye," 
 He cries, ' ' O trusty household gods of Troy, 
 All hail ! Our home is here, our country 
 
 this. 
 For sire Anchises suchlike mysteries 
 Of fates, — I now recall it, — hath to me 
 Bequeathed : ' What time shall hunger thee, 
 
 my son. 
 To shores unknown conveyed, when be 
 
 thy cates 
 Consumed, compel thy tables to devour, — 
 Then, wearied out, remember to expect 171 
 
 145. Latin: "from. 
 
 154. "Bitings on. 
 
 Thy homes, and there to plant with [thy 
 
 own] hand 
 Thy maiden roofs, and found them with a 
 
 trench. 
 This was that hunger ; this the crowning 
 
 [act] 
 Awaited us, to set a bound to woes. 
 Then come, and gladsome with the Sun's 
 
 first light— 
 What spots, or who the men that hold 
 
 them, where 
 The city of the nation, — let us trace. 
 And [regions,] branching from the harbor, 
 
 seek. 
 Now saucers in libation pour ye forth 180 
 To Jove, and with your orisons invoke 
 My sire Anchises, and the wines replace 
 Upon the boards." Thus having spoken 
 
 forth, 
 He then his temples with a leafing bough 
 Enwreathes, and .both the Genius of the 
 
 place. 
 And Tellus, foremost of the gods, and 
 
 Nymphs, 
 And Floods, unknown as yet, he pi ays ; 
 
 then Night, 
 And Night's arising signs, and Ida's Jove ; 
 And next the Phrygian Mother he invokes, 
 And both his parents both in heaven and 
 
 hell. 
 Then the almighty father thrice from heaven 
 Aloft in brightness thundered ; and, afire 
 With rays of sheen and gold, within his 
 
 hand 193 
 
 He, shaking it himself, from heaven dis- 
 played 
 A cloud. Here suddenly a rumor 's spread 
 Through Troja's squadrons, that the day 
 
 was come, 
 Wherein the walls, their due, they might 
 
 uprear. 
 In rivalry the banquet they renew, 
 And, at the mighty prodigy rejoiced. 
 
 176. As if he had said : 
 " Hence, loathed Melancholy, 
 
 Of Cerberus and blackest Midnight born, 
 In Stygian cave forlorn, 
 'Mongst horrid shapes, and shrieks, and sights 
 unholy, 
 Find out some uncouth cell 
 Where brooding Darkness spreads his jealous 
 
 wings, 
 And the night-raven sings : 
 There under ebon shades and low-brow'd rocks 
 As rugged as thy locks, 
 
 In dark Cimmerian desert ever dwell." 
 
 Milton, L' Allegro. 
 
 193. " Right against the eastern gate. 
 Where the sun begins his state. 
 Robed in flames, and amber light, 
 The clouds in thousand liveries dight." 
 
 Ibid. 
 
V. 147 — I?!. 
 
 BOOK VII. 
 
 V. 171 — 185. 
 
 207 
 
 They set the wassail-bowls, and crown the 
 
 wines. 200 
 
 What time next Day, with earliest torch 
 
 arisen, 
 
 Surveyed the lands, the nation's city, and 
 
 its bourns, 
 And shores, in groups dissevered search 
 
 they out ; — 
 That these are plashes of Numicius' spring, 
 That this the river Tiber, that here dwell 
 The gallant Latins. Then Anchises' son 
 A hundred envoys, culled from every rank. 
 To the majestic palace of the king 
 Commands to march, all decked with 
 
 Pallas' sprays, 
 And bear the hero presents, and entreat 210 
 Peace for the Teucri. No demur : they 
 
 haste, 
 [As] ordered, and with rapid steps are 
 
 borne. 
 Himself scores out tlie walls with lowly 
 
 trench. 
 And builds upon the spot ; and on the 
 
 shore 
 Their homes, the first, in fashion of a camp. 
 Encompasses with battlements and mound. 
 And now their journey having spanned, 
 
 the towers 
 Of the Latini, and their lofty roofs, 
 The youths began to see, and near the wall. 
 Before the city, boys, and, in the bloom 220 
 Of early age, the youth are trained on steeds. 
 And tame their chariot[-courser]s on the 
 
 dust ; 
 Or strain the restive bows, or limber bolts 
 Launch by [the dint of] arms, and in the race 
 And fight give challenge : when upon his 
 
 steed 
 Borne in advance, to th'ag^d monarch's ears 
 A courier brings the news, that giant men 
 In strange apparel had arrived. He gives 
 Commandment, that within the palace they 
 Should be invited, and he in the midst 230 
 Upon his throne ancestral took his seat. 
 
 A dome, majestical, immense, upraised 
 Aloft upon a hundred pillars, stood 
 
 200. The following song is introduced by Beau- 
 mont and Fletcher in a similar scene in Valen- 
 tiniaft, v. 8 : 
 
 *' God Lyaeus, ever young, 
 Ever honour'd, ever sung, 
 Stain'd with blood of lusty grapes. 
 In a thousand lusty shapes. 
 Dance upon the mazer's brim, 
 In the crimson liquor swim ; 
 From thy plenteous hand divine. 
 Let a river run with wine : 
 God of youth, let this day here 
 Enter neither care nor fear !" 
 
 233 
 
 From furthest Africa's tormented womb 
 
 rhe marble brought erects the spacious dome, 
 
 Upon the city's crest, the royal court 
 Of Laurent Picus, awful from its woods, 
 And rev'rence of the fathers. Here to take 
 Their sceptres, and first fasces to upraise, 
 Was the auspicious usance of the kings ; 
 This sainted building was their senate-hall. 
 These the apartments for their holy feasts ; 
 Here, on the slaughter of a ram, the sires 
 At stretching boards were wont to seat them 
 
 down. 242 
 
 Yea, too, the statues of their ancestors of 
 
 yore. 
 In line, of cedar old, — both Italus, 
 And sire Sabinus, planter of the vine. 
 Holding a hooky bill below his bust. 
 And Saturn aged, and twain-faced Janus' 
 
 form. 
 Were standing in the court ; and other 
 
 kings 
 From the beginning, who the wounds of 
 
 war 
 In fighting for their country's sake endured. 
 And many arms, moreo'er, on holy posts, 
 Cars cap lived, hang, arched battle-axes too, 
 And plumes of casques, and massy bars of 
 
 gates, 253 
 
 Or forms the pillars' long-extended rows, 
 
 On which the planted grove, the pensile garden, 
 
 grows. 
 The workmen here obey the master's call. 
 To gild the turret, and to paint the wall ; 
 To mark the pavement there with various stone. 
 And on the jasper steps to rear the throne. 
 The spreading cedar, that an age had stood. 
 Supreme of trees, and mistress of the wood. 
 Cut down and carv'd, my shining roof adorns. 
 And Lebanon his ruin'd honour mourns." 
 
 .Prior, Solomon, b. ii. 
 
 243. " Oft let me range the gloomy aisles alone. 
 Sad luxury ! to vulgar minds unknown. 
 Along the walls where speaking marbles show 
 What worthies form the hallow'd mould below ; 
 Proud names, who once the reins of empire held ; 
 In arms who triumph'd, or in arts excell'd ; 
 Chiefs, grac'd with scars, and prodigal of blood ; 
 Stern patriots, who for sacred freedom stood ; 
 Just men, by whom impartial laws are given ; 
 And saints, who taught, and led, the way to 
 Heaven." Tickell, On the Death 0/ Addison. 
 
 " Those are the models of the ancient world. 
 Left like the Roman statues to stir up 
 Our following hopes ; the place itself puts on 
 The brow of majesty, and flings her lustre 
 Like the air newly lighten'd." 
 
 Fletcher, The Noble GentUman, i. 1. 
 
 250. " Patriots have toil'd, and in their country's 
 cause 
 Bled nobly ; and their deeds, as they deserve. 
 Receive proud recompense. We give in charge 
 Their names to the sweet lyre. Th' historic Muse, 
 Proud of the treasure, marches with it down 
 To latest times ; and Sculpture, in her turn. 
 Gives bond in stone and cver-during brass ^^ 
 To guard them, and t' immortalise ner trust. 
 
 Cowper, Ta^, v. 
 
208 
 
 V. 1 86 — 211. 
 
 THE uENEID. 
 
 V. 211 237. 
 
 And darts, and shields, and beaks from 
 
 vessels wrenched. 
 Himself with his Quirinal augur-staff, 
 And scanty "trabea" short-girded, sat, 
 And in his left hand the " ancile " bare — 
 Pious, steed-tamer : whom, with golden 
 
 wand 
 When struck, and metamorphosed by her 
 
 drugs. 
 His wooer Circe, witched by passion, made 
 A bird, and powdered o'er his wings with 
 
 hues. 261 
 
 Within such holy building of the gods, 
 And sitting on th' hereditary throne, 
 Latinus to his presence in the dome 
 The Teucri summoned, and to them these 
 
 [words]. 
 When entered in, he first from peaceful lip 
 Delivered : *' Say, ye sons of Dardanus ! — 
 For neither are we unaware 
 Or of your city, or your race ; and known 
 By rumor, on the main your course ye 
 
 steer, — 270 
 
 What seek ye, what the reason, or whereof 
 In want, your galleys to the Auson shore 
 Thro'out so many azure seas hath brought ? 
 Whether it be by misconceit of course. 
 Or driv'n by tempests, such as, many a 
 
 one, 
 In deep of ocean mariners endure. 
 Within the margents of our river ye 
 Have come, and in the harbor lie at rest : 
 Fly not our hospitality, nor yet 
 Be strangers to the Latins, Saturn's race. 
 Not righteous by controlment nor by laws. 
 Themselves restraining of their free accord, 
 And by the usance of their ancient god. 283 
 And sooth I mind me, — the tradition goes 
 Dim somewhat through [the lapse of j years, 
 
 —that thus 
 The elders of Auruncans noised it, how. 
 Sprung from these countries, Dardanus 
 
 pierced through 
 As far as the Idsean towns of Phrygia, 
 And Thracian Samos, which now Samo- 
 
 thrace 
 Is called. Him, hence set out from Tyrr- 
 hene seat 290 
 Of Coryth, now upon a throne receives 
 The golden palace of the starry sky. 
 
 282. *' The rest, we live 
 
 Law to ourselves : our reason is our law." 
 
 Milton, P. L., b. ix. 
 
 292. " But see, my Muse, if yet thy ravish'd sight 
 Can bear that blaze, that rushing stream of light. 
 Where the great hero's disencumber'd soul 
 Springs from the Earth to reach her native pole. 
 Boldly she quits th' abandoned cask of clay. 
 Freed from her chains, and towers th' ethereal 
 way ; 
 
 And of the altars of the gods he swells 
 The number." He had spoken, and his 
 
 speech 
 Ilioneus thus followed with his voice : 
 
 * ' O king, of Faunus the distinguished son, 
 Nor, tossed by billows, hath a murky storm 
 Forced us to enter on your lands, nor star. 
 Or shore, misled us from our line of route : 
 We all, of purpose and with willing minds. 
 Are wafted to this city, driv'n from realms. 
 The greatest whilom, which, in his career 
 From farmost heaven, used the Sun to view. 
 From Jove the fountain of our race ; in 
 
 Jove, 304 
 
 Their ancestor, the Dardan youth rejoice. 
 Our king himself, from Jove's sublimest 
 
 strain, 
 Troy-born ^neas, sent us to thy courts. 
 How fierce a storm, from fell Mycenge burst, 
 O'er Ida's plains hath swept ; forced by 
 
 what fates, 
 Each sphere of Europe and of Asia 
 
 clashed ; — 310 
 
 E'en he hath heard, if exiles any man 
 The end of earth, in ocean tided back ; 
 And if the zone of the unrighteous Sun, 
 Amid four zones dispread, cuts any off. 
 Borne from that deluge o'er so many seas, 
 Immense, a scanty home for country-gods, 
 And shore secure from harm, we crave, 
 
 and, free 
 To every being, water e'en and air. 
 We not discreditable to your realm 
 Shall prove ; nor yours be noised a light 
 
 renown ; 320 
 
 Or thankfulness for such a noble deed 
 Die off ; nor shall it irk Ausonia's sons 
 That Troy within their lap they had received. 
 By [our] ^Eneas' destinies I swear. 
 And his right hand of power, whether any 
 
 man 
 In troth, or war and arms, hath proved it, us 
 Hath many a nation, many ( — scorn us not. 
 That, of our own accord, upon our hands 
 The fillets we advance, and words of 
 
 prayer,—) 
 
 Soars o'er th' eternal funds of hail and snow. 
 And leaves Heaven's stormy magazine below. 
 Thence through the vast profound of Heaven she 
 
 flies. 
 And measures all the concave of the skies." 
 
 Pitt, On the Death of Earl Stanhope. 
 
 329. Ilioneus seems to have been a good, wise, 
 gentle, yet vigorous character (see yEn. i. v. 521 ; 
 ix. 501, 569) ; possessed of a mind like that described 
 by Ben Jonson in a graceful poem entitled " The 
 Picture of the Mind:" 
 
 " Not swelling like the ocean proud. 
 But stooping gently, as a cloud. 
 As smooth as oil pour'd forth, and calm 
 As showers, and sweet as drops of balm. 
 
V. ajS — 263. 
 
 BOOK VIL 
 
 V. 363—291. 
 
 209 
 
 A clan both sought, and with themselves 
 
 desired 330 
 
 To link. But us the oracles of gods, 
 To search out thoroughly these lands of 
 
 yours, 
 By their behests have forced. Hence 
 
 Dardanus 
 Arose ; Apollo hither claims us back, 
 And hurries us with his sublime commands 
 To Tyrrhene Tiber, and the saintly streams 
 Of the Numician spring. He gives to 
 
 thee, 
 Moreo'er, a former Fortune's trifling gifts. 
 Remnants recovered from a blazing Troy. 
 From this gold [cup] his sire Anchises used 
 To pour libations at the altars ; this 341 
 Was Priam's ornament, when he their rights 
 To summoned commons, in accustomed 
 
 form 
 Would grant : — both sceptre, and the reve- 
 rend cap. 
 And robes, the travail of the Ilian dames." 
 
 At such expressions of Ilioneus 
 Latinus keeps his features downward fixed 
 In gaze, and moveless to the ground he 
 
 cleaves. 
 While rolling round his eyeballs on the 
 
 stretch. 
 Neither the broidered purple moves the 
 
 king,' 350 
 
 Neither does Priam's sceptre move so much. 
 As o'er his daughter's spousal bonds and 
 
 bed 
 He muses, and old Faunus' prophecy 
 Revolves within his bosom : — that this 
 
 [prince]. 
 Who from a foreign seat hath issued forth. 
 That son-in-law is by the fates foreshown, 
 And to the realm with equal auspices 
 Is summoned ; that to him a line will rise, 
 In prowess eminent, and one to grasp 
 The whole of earth by valor. He at last 
 Exclaims in gladness: "Prosper may the 
 
 gods 36 I 
 
 Our undertakings, and their ovrci presage ! 
 That shall be granted, Trojan, that you 
 
 list ; 
 Nor do I scorn the presents. Not to you, — 
 Latinus ruler, — breast of fruitful land. 
 Or wealth of Troja, lacking shall be found. 
 Let but /Eneas, e'en his very self, — 
 
 " Smooth, soft, and sweet, in all a flood, 
 Where it may run to any good ; 
 And where it stays, it there becomes 
 A nest of odorous spice and gums. 
 
 " Tn action, winged as the wind ; 
 In rest, like spirits left behind 
 Upon a bank, or field of flowers, 
 Begotten by the wind and showers." 
 
 Underwoods, iv. is-ij. 
 
 If such a deep affection for us there exists ; 
 If to be linked in hospitage he speeds, 
 And be entitled our ally, — arrive ; 370 
 Nor let him shudder at the looks of friends. 
 To me a portion will it be of peace 
 T' have touched the right hand of your 
 
 prince. Do ye 
 In answer to your king my message now 
 Return. I have a daughter, whom to wed 
 With husband of our race, nor oracles 
 From my paternal shrine, nor prodigies. 
 Full many, from the sky allow : that here 
 Shall sons-in-law appear from foreign 
 
 coasts. 
 That this remains for Latium, do they 
 chant ; — 380 
 
 Who by their blood our reputation to the 
 
 stars 
 May waft. That this is he [whom] fates 
 
 demand, 
 I both imagine, and, — if aught of truth 
 My mind presages, — wish." These having 
 
 said. 
 Coursers from all his stud the father culls : 
 Stood thrice a hundred, sleek in lofty stalls. 
 At once for all the sons of Teucer he 
 Commands in order to be led, caparisoned 
 In purple and embroidered trappings, 
 
 [steeds] 
 Of wingy foot. Down dangling from their 
 chests 390 
 
 Hang golden poitrells ; covered o'er with 
 
 gold. 
 The yellow gold they champ beneath their 
 
 teeth. 
 A chariot for ^Eneas absent, and in yoke 
 A pair [of horses] from celestial seed. 
 Fire puffing from their nostrils, of their 
 
 strain. 
 Which cunning Circe, stealing from her 
 
 sire, 
 Raised spurious from a substituted dam. 
 The comrades of /Eneas, with such gifts 
 And sayings of Latinus, raised on high 
 Upon their steeds, return, and peace bring 
 home. 400 
 
 But lo ! from the Inachian Argos back 
 Returning was the ruthless spouse of Jove, 
 And, wafted onward, occupied the air ; 
 When blithe i^neas and the Dardan fleet 
 From out the welkin in the distance she, 
 Even from Sicily's Pachynus, spied. 
 She sees that buildings they are rearing 
 
 now, 
 Now trusting to the land ; that they their 
 ships 
 
 371. Or: 
 " Nor friendly countenances let him dread. 
 P 
 
2IO 
 
 V. 291 — 312. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 312-324. 
 
 Had quitted. Stung with poignant smart 
 
 she stood : 
 Then, tossing to and fro her head, these 
 words 410 
 
 Outpours she from her breast : " Ah ! 
 
 loathsome brood, 
 And fates of Phrygians to our fates op- 
 posed ! 
 Could they not on Sigean plains have fallen ? 
 Could they not, captived, have been cap- 
 tive led ? 
 Did not the blazing Troy its heroes bum ? 
 Amidst the fights, and through the midst 
 
 of fires, 
 A path they have discovered. But, I ween. 
 My deity at last exhausted lies. 
 Or I, with rancor glutted, have reposed. 
 Yea, even from their country shaken forth, 
 Throughout the billows I in spite have 
 dared 421 
 
 To chase them, and to set my face against 
 The refugees all through the deep ; on 
 
 Teucer's sons 
 Are squandered pow'rs alike of sky and sea. 
 What booted me the Syrts or Scylla ? what 
 The vast Charybdis? They are lodged 
 
 within 
 The Tiber's wished-for channel, uncon- 
 cerned 
 At ocean and at me. The pow'r had Mars 
 To wreck the ruffian brood of Lapithse ; 
 The sire of gods himself delivered up 430 
 The ancient Calydon to Dian's wrath ; — 
 What curse so direful either Lapitha;, 
 Or Calydon, deserving ? But sooth I, 
 Jove's sovereign spouse, who naught un- 
 tried could leave, 
 1 11 -fortuned, who myself to every [plan] 
 Have turned, am by ^neas overmatched ! 
 But if my godhead is not great enough, 
 I certes should not scruple to entreat 
 Whatever anywhere there be : if I 
 
 418. " First Magician. But we, that can 
 
 Command armies from hell for our design. 
 And blast him, now stand idle and benumb'd, 
 And shall grow here ridiculous statues ! I'll 
 Muster my fiends. 
 
 Second Magician. And if T have not lost 
 My power, the spirits shall obey, to drown 
 This straggler, and secure this threaten'd island. 
 
 A7rhimag7ts. Stay! Which of you can boast 
 more power than I ? 
 For every spirit you command, my spells 
 Can raise a legion. You know I can 
 Untenant hell, dispeople the wide air 
 Where, like innumerable atoms, the black genii 
 Hover, and jostle one another. All 
 That haunt the woods and waters, all i' the dark 
 And solitary chambers of the earth, 
 Kreak through their adamantine chains, and fly 
 Like lightning to my will." 
 
 Shirley, St. Patrick /or Ireland, i. i. 
 
 Can't bend the deities above, I'll rouse 440 
 The Ach'ron. Grant it will not be vouch- 
 safed 
 To bar them from the Latin realms, and 
 
 by the fates 
 Lavinia rests unchangeably his bride : 
 Yet 'tis allowed to stay it, and to heap 
 Impediments against such high events ; 
 Yet 'tis allowed the subjects of both kings 
 To ruin. At this cost of their own [friends], 
 Let sire-in-law and son-in-law unite. 
 With Trojan and Rutulian blood shalt thou 
 Be dowered, damsel, and Bellona thee 450 
 Awaits, thy bridesmaid ; nor, with torch 
 
 impregned. 
 Hath nuptial fires Cisseis teemed alone : 
 Yea shall her birth the same to Venus 
 
 prove, — 
 Another Paris e'en, and brands of death 
 Once more against the re-arising Troy." 
 These words when she pronounced, she 
 direful sought 
 The earth. Baleful Allecto from the seat 
 
 440, I. See note on 1. 418. 
 
 " By the sulphureous damps, 
 That feed the hungry and incessant darkness, 
 Which curls around the grim Alastor's back. 
 Mutter again, and with one powerful word 
 I'll call an host up from the Stygian lakes. 
 Shall waft thee to the Acherontic fens ; 
 Where, chok'd with mists as black as thy im- 
 postures. 
 Thou shalt live still a-dying." 
 
 Fletcher, The Fair Maid 0/ the Inn, iii. i. 
 
 ** I can call spirits from the vasty deep." 
 Shakespeare, i King Henry IV., iii. i. 
 
 450. " The greatest curse brave men can labour 
 under 
 Is the strong witchcraft of a woman's eyes." 
 Fletcher, The Lover's Progress, iv. 3. 
 
 452. So Henry VI. to Gloster (Richard III.) : 
 " And thus I prophesy, — that many a thousand. 
 Which now mistrust no parcel of my fear ; 
 And many an old man's sigh, and many a widow's, 
 And many an orphan's water-standing eye, — 
 Men for their sons', wives for their husbands' fate. 
 And orphans for their parents' timeless death, — 
 Shall rue the hour that ever thou wast born. 
 The owl shriek'd at thy birth, an evil sign ; 
 The night-crow cried, aboding luckless time ; 
 Dogs howl'd, and hideous tempest shook down 
 
 trees ; 
 The raven rook'd her on the chimney's top. 
 And chattering pies in dismal discords sung. 
 Thy mother felt more than a mother's pain. 
 And yet brought forth less than a mother's hope." 
 Shakespeare, 3 Ki?ig Henry VI., v. 6. 
 
 457. " Forth from this place of dread. Earth to appal 
 Three Furies rushed at the angels' call. 
 One with long tresses doth her visage mask. 
 Her temples clouding in a horrid cask ; 
 Her right hand swings a brandon in the air. 
 While flames and terror hurleth every where ; 
 Pond'rous with darts, her left doth bear a shield. 
 Where Gorgon's head looks grim in sable field. 
 
V. 324—337. 
 
 BOOK VIL 
 
 V. 337-354- 
 
 211 
 
 Of the dread goddesses, and murk of hell, 
 She wakes ; whose heart's [delight arc] 
 
 woeful wars, 
 And wrath, and stratagems, and harmful 
 
 crimes. 460 
 
 E'en doth her very father Pluto hate, 
 Her hellish sisters hate, the fiend : she 
 
 turns herself 
 Into so many visages, so fell her forms. 
 She burgeons grisly with so many snakes. 
 Whom Juno in these accents instigates, 
 And speaks the like : "To me vouchsafe 
 
 this toil, 
 Thine own, O maiden sprung from Night, 
 
 this task, — 
 That our respect or reputation, rent 
 In pieces, from their ground may not 
 
 retreat ; 
 Nor that the i^neadse should have the 
 
 power 470 
 
 To importune Latinus for the match. 
 Or gain a footing in Italian coasts. 
 Thou brethren, knit in soul, canst arm to 
 
 frays. 
 And households rack Avith hatred : lashes 
 
 thou 
 On dwellings, and the brands of death 
 
 [canst] bring ; 
 
 Her eyes blaze fire and blood, each hair 'stills 
 
 blood, 
 Blood thrills from either pap, and where she stood 
 Blood's liquid coral sprang her feet beneath ; 
 Where she doth stretch her arm is blood and 
 
 death." 
 Drummond, The SJuidow o/i/te Judgment. 
 See note on 1. 418. 
 
 458. Wagner's reading dearum (v. 324) seems to 
 have better authority than sorcmttn, which Weise 
 adopts ; but if the latter be preferred, the version 
 must be varied thus : 
 
 " Of the dread Sisters, and the murk of hell." 
 
 461. " Soon as these hellish monsters came in sight. 
 
 The Sun his eye in jetty vapours drown'd, 
 Scar'd at such hell-hounds' view : Heaven's mazed 
 light 
 Sets in an early evening : Earth astound. 
 
 Bids dogs with howls give warning: at which 
 
 sound 
 The fearful air starts, seas break their bound, 
 And frighted fled away ; no sands might them 
 impound." P. Fletcher, Furple Island, xii. 39. 
 
 " Think of thy sin ; 
 It is the heir-apparent unto hell. 
 And has so many, and so ugly shapes. 
 His father Pluto and the Funes hate 
 To look on their own birth." 
 
 " Besides 'tis so abhorr'd of all that's good. 
 That when this monster lifts his cursed head 
 Above the earth, and wraps it in the clouds, 
 The sun flies back, as loth to stain his rays 
 With such a foul pollution ; and night. 
 In emulation of so black a deed, 
 Puts on her darkest robe to cover it." 
 
 Marmion, The Antiquaryt'vX. i. 
 
 Thou hast a thousand names, a thousand 
 
 arts 
 Of harming. Ransack thy prolific brea.st ; 
 Dash into atoms their adjusted peace ; 
 Sow crimes [the germs] of warfare ; let 
 
 the youth 
 Their weapons wish, and beg at once, and 
 
 seize." 480 
 
 Allecto then, with Gorgon poisons 
 
 baned. 
 At first to Latium and the stately roofs 
 Of the Laurentine king repairs, and down 
 Upon Amata's silent threshold sat ; 
 Whom, o'er th' arrival of the Teucer-host 
 And spousal [rights] of Tumus, as she 
 
 flames, 
 Alike her woman-cares and spleen in fer.- 
 
 ment kept. 
 At her the goddess from her dingy locks 
 One serpent launches, and within her 
 
 breast, 
 To her heart's core, she plunges it beneath ; 
 That, madding with the monster, all the 
 
 court 49 1 
 
 She may embroil. He, gliding 'tween her 
 
 robes 
 And glossy breast, is rolled with contact 
 
 none. 
 And 'scapes the raver, as he breathes 
 
 within 
 An adder soul : becomes the lusty snake 
 Entwisted gold about her neck, becomes 
 A band of stretching fillet, and entwines 
 Her locks, and slimy strays throughout her 
 
 limbs. 
 And while the first contagion, as it steals 
 
 477. " Over their heads a black dLstemper'd sky. 
 And through the air let grinning Furies fly ; 
 Charg'd with commissions of infernal date, 
 To raise fell Discord and intestine Hate ; 
 From their foul heads let them by handfuls tear 
 The ugliest snakes and best-lov'd favourites there ; 
 Then whirl them (spouting venom as they fall) 
 'Mongst the assembled numbers of the hall ; 
 There into murmuring bosoms let them go. 
 Till their infection to confusion grow ; 
 Till such bold tumults and disorders rise. 
 As when the impious sons of Earth assail'd the 
 threaten'd skies." Otway, Windsor Castle. 
 
 483. " Then with expanded wings he steers his 
 flight 
 Aloft, inaimbent on the dusky air 
 That felt unusual weight ; till on dry land 
 He lights, if it were land, that ever bum'd 
 With solid, as the lake with liquid fire." 
 
 MUton, /'. Z., b. i. 
 
 489. Imitated by Cowley, where he makes Envy 
 take possession of Saul : 
 
 " With th.-it she takes 
 One of her worst, her best-beloved snakes : 
 ' Softly, dear worm ! soft and unseen,' said she, 
 ' Into his bosom steal, and in it be 
 My viceroy.' " Vavideis, b. i. 
 
 P 2 
 
V. 354—378. 
 
 THE JLNEID. 
 
 V. 379—402. 
 
 With moistful poison, thrills her senses 
 
 through, 500 
 
 And round her bones inweaves the flame ; 
 
 nor yet 
 Her mind throughout her bosom felt the 
 
 fire ; 
 In gentler strain, and in the customed 
 
 mode 
 Of mothers, spake she, shedding many a 
 
 tear 
 Over her daughter and the Phrygian match : 
 " To Trojan exiles is Lavinia given 
 [In marriage] to be led, O thou her sire ? 
 Nor dost compassionate alike thy child, 
 And thy own self? Nor dost compas- 
 sionate 
 A mother, whom the traitor will forsake 
 With the first northern breeze, a pirate- 
 knave, 5 1 1 
 Seeking the depths, — the damsel carried off? 
 Sooth not on this wise doth the Phrygian 
 
 swain 
 Pierce Lacedsemon, and hath borne away 
 Ledaean Helen to the Trojan towns ! 
 Where is thy saintly faith ? where old 
 
 regard 
 For thy own [friends], and right hand 
 
 deigned so oft 
 To kinsman Turnus ? If a son-in-law 518 
 For the Latini from [some] foreign land 
 Is sought, and that is settled, and on thee 
 The mandates of thy father Faunus weigh ; 
 Sooth every land, which independent lies 
 Distinct from sway of ours, a foreign [land] 
 I deem, and that the gods intend it thus. 
 E'en Turnus, if his family's first source 
 Be backv/ard traced, hath Inachus, 
 Acrisius, too, his fathers, and [his town,] 
 Central Mycenae." When by these her 
 
 words 
 Latinus having vainly tried, she sees 
 That firm he stands opposed, and deep had 
 sunk 530 
 
 Into her inwards the adder's rageful bane. 
 And wholly through her spreads ; then 
 
 sooth unblest, 
 By monster goblins roused, past wont she 
 
 raves 
 Crazed through the boundless city : as at 
 
 times, 
 A top that flies beneath the twisted thong. 
 
 502. Or : " through her whole breast caught up 
 the fire." 
 
 535. Surely this is no elegant comparison, though 
 it cannot be more elegantly expressed. The idea 
 of a queen racing about the town, like a whip-top, 
 is ludicrous, if not mean. Shakespeare draws an 
 illustration frosn school-boy sports, which is more 
 dignified, and far more ingenious : 
 
 Which striplings in a spacious ring, around 
 Unpeopled halls, in frolic earnest, ply : 
 It, driven by the whip, is borne along 
 In wheeling courses j o'er it stand amazed 
 The inexperienced and unbearded groups. 
 In admiration at the spinning box : 541 
 The lashes give it life. Than that career 
 No slower, she throughout the midst of 
 
 towns. 
 And ruffian mobs is driven. Yea moreo'er, 
 Into the forests, — Bacchus' spirit feigned, — 
 Attempting deeper guilt, and deeper rage 
 Commencing, off she flies, and hides away 
 Her daughter in the mountains, rife in 
 
 leaves. 
 That she may wrest the marriage from the 
 
 sons 
 Of Teucer, and the [hymeneal] torches 
 
 stay ; 550 
 
 " Evoe Bacchus," screaming, yelling forth, 
 ' ' That thou alone art worthy of the maid ; 
 For that the tender ivy-shafts she takes 
 For thee, that thee she circles in the dance, 
 For thee she fosters her devoted hair." 
 The rumor flies ; and, by the Furies fired 
 Within their bosom, drives the selfsame 
 
 glow 
 The matrons all at once strange roofs to 
 
 seek. 
 Their homes have they abandoned ; to the 
 
 winds 
 They give their necks and locks. But other 
 
 [dames] 560 
 
 With thrilling shrieks the welkin fill, and 
 
 wield 
 Vine-girdled lances, wrapped about in 
 
 skins. 
 Herself among the midmost in her heat 
 A blazing pine upbears, and chants the 
 
 match 
 Of Turnus and her daughter, rolling round 
 A blood-shot eye, and sudden fiercely 
 
 cries : 
 * ' Ho ! list ye Latin dames, where'er ye be : 
 If in your duteous spirits any love 
 For your unfortunate Amata dwells. 
 If some concernment for a mother's right 
 
 In my school-days, when I had lost one shaft, 
 
 I shot his fellow of the selfsame flight 
 
 The selfsame way, with more advised watch. 
 
 To find the other forth ; and by advent'ring both, 
 
 I oft found both : I urge this childhood proof. 
 
 Because what follows is pure innocence. 
 
 I owe you much ; and, Lke a wilful youth, 
 
 That which I owe is lost : but if you please 
 
 To shoot another arrow that self way 
 
 Which you did shoot the first, I do not doubt, 
 
 As I will watch the aim, or to find both. 
 
 Or bring your latter hazard back again, 
 
 And thankfully rest debtor for the hr,:t." 
 
 I'he Mercliant of Vejiice, i. i. 
 
V. 40a— 426« 
 
 BOOK VIL 
 
 T. 426—444. 
 
 jij 
 
 Deep preys upon you, loose your tressy 
 
 bands, 57' 
 
 Take up the orgy-rites along with me," 
 Suchlike 'mid woods, 'mid wild beasts' 
 
 lonely [lairs] 
 Allecto baits the queen on every side 
 With goads of Bacchus. When she seemed 
 
 enough 
 First transports to have whetted, and the 
 
 plan 
 And all Latinus' court o'erthrown ; straight 
 
 hence 
 The sullen goddess on her raven wings 
 Is wafted to the bold Rutulian's walls, — 
 Which city Danae is said t' have built 580 
 For her Acrisian settlers, — onward borne 
 Upon the sweepy southern gale. The spot 
 Was Ardea erst by our forefathers called ; 
 And Ardea still remains a noble name ; 
 But its prosperity is of the past. 
 Here Turnus in his stately palace now 
 In ebon night was snatching mid repose. 
 Allecto doffs grim face and rageful limbs ; 
 Transshapes her into haggish lineaments, 
 And scores her frowsy brow with wrinkles ; 
 
 dons 590 
 
 Hoar tresses with a fillet ; then inweaves 
 A sprig of olive ; Calybe becomes 
 The priestess-crone of Juno and her fane. 
 And to the youth before his eyes herself 
 With accents these presents : " O Turnus, 
 
 wilt thou bear 
 That toils so many should be spent in vain, 
 And that thy sceptre should be signed 
 
 away 
 To Dardan emigrants ? The king to thee 
 The match and dowry, purchased by thy 
 
 blood. 
 Denies, and for his realm a foreign heir 
 Is sought. Go now ! to thankless jeopardy 
 Expose thee, flouted [man] ! the Tyrrhene 
 
 ranks 602 
 
 584. If tenet be read with Wagner and Forbiger, 
 instead of manet (v. 412), the passage must be 
 altered thus : 
 
 " Preserves a noble name." 
 585. Or : " hath passed away." 
 
 590. " These many ruts and furrows in thy cheek 
 Proves thy old face to be but champion ground 
 Tilled with the plough of age." 
 
 Randolph, Hey for Honesty, 
 See Dyce's Middleton, ii. 73. 
 
 Like the crone which Gay describes in Fable 23, 
 Pt. i. : 
 
 " A wrinkled hag, of wicked fame, 
 Beside a little smoky flame 
 Sat hovering, pinch'd with age and frost : 
 Her shrivell'd hands, with veins emboss'd. 
 Upon her knees her weight sustains, 
 While palsy shook her crazy brains." 
 
 Lay prostrate ; .shelter Latins by a peace. 
 These e'en to thee, while thou in still of 
 
 night 
 Shouldst lie, th' all-powerful Satumian 
 
 [queen] 
 Herself hath bid me openly to speak. 
 Then rouse thee up 1 and that the youth be 
 
 armed. 
 And from the gates marched out, thou, 
 
 blithe at arms, 
 Make ready ; and the Phrygian chieftains, 
 
 who 
 Have ta'en their station in the lovely floo<l. 
 And their bepainte<l barks to ashes bum. 
 The sovereign power of the heav'nly 
 
 [gods] 612 
 
 Commands. Let king Latinus e'en him- 
 self,— 
 Save that to grant the match, and with his 
 
 word 
 Comply, he gives assurance, — Turnus feel, 
 And at the last make proof of him in arms." 
 
 The youth, here jeering the divineress. 
 Thus op'ning words from lip in turn replies : 
 ** The news, that ships to Tiber's wave are 
 
 borne, 
 Hath not, as thou imaginest, escaped 620 
 Mine ears ; (forge not for me such great 
 
 alarms ;) 
 Nor royal Juno mindless is of us. 
 But, crushed by dotage, and past bearing 
 
 truth. 
 Thy eld, O mother, worries thee with cares 
 All idly, and amid the arms of kings 
 Mocks a divineress with phantom dread. 
 Thy province is, the statues of the gods. 
 And temples, to defend; let wars and 
 
 peace 
 
 623. " * Dotard,' said he, ' let be thy deepe advise ; 
 Seemes that through many yeares thy wits thee 
 
 faile. 
 And that weake eld hath left thee nothing wLse.' " 
 Spenser, F. Q., ii. 3, 16. 
 
 " But thou, since Nature bids, the world resign ; 
 'Tis now thy daughter's daughter's time to shine." 
 Parnell, Elegy to an Old Beauty. 
 
 " I pardon thee th' effects of doting age ; 
 Vain doubts, and idle cares, and over-caution ; 
 The second non-age of a soul more wise ; 
 But now decay'd and sunk into the socket. 
 Peeping by fits, and giving feeble light." 
 
 Dryden, Don Sebastian, v. 1. 
 
 624. " Thy brows and cheeks are smooth as waters 
 be 
 
 When no breath troubles them : believe me, boy. 
 Care seeks out wrinkled brows and hollow eyes. 
 And builds himself caves to abide in them." 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Fhilaster, ii. 3. 
 Turnus seems scarce to have remembered that 
 " Who scorns at eld peels off his own young hairs." 
 Ben Jonson, Sad Shepherd^ ii. a. 
 
214 
 
 V. 444—46] 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 461 — 483. 
 
 Men carry on, by whom should wars be 
 waged." 
 At such his words Allecto into wrath 630 
 Blazed out. But in the stripling, as he 
 
 speaks, 
 A sudden shiver seizes on his joints ; 
 Stiff stood his eyeballs : with so many 
 
 snakes 
 The Fury hisses, and so dread a shape 
 Presents it['s form]. Then, rolling eyes of 
 
 fire, 
 As falters he, and further [words] he seeks 
 To speak, she thrust him back, and lifted 
 
 up 
 Twain serpents from her tresses, and her 
 
 thongs 
 Made ring, and these subjoins with rageful 
 
 mouth : 
 ' ' Behold ! by dotage I am crushed, whom 
 
 eld, 640 
 
 Past bearing truth, amid the arms of kings 
 Bemocks with phantom dread ! Look 
 
 thou to these : 
 Here am I from the awful Sisters' seat ; 
 Battles and death I carry in my hand." 
 Thus having spoken, at the youth she 
 
 launched 
 A brand, and, smoking with a sooty light. 
 Her torches fastened deep within his breast. 
 His sleep huge shudd'ring breaks, and bones 
 
 and joints 
 Sweat, bursten forth from his whole body, 
 
 bathes. 
 " Arms !" mad he yells ; for arms through 
 
 couch and halls 650 
 
 He searches. Storms a passion for the 
 
 sword. 
 
 635. " But she thereat was wroth, that fordespight 
 The glauncing sparkles through her bever glared, 
 And from her eies did flash out fiery light, 
 Like coles that through a silver censer sparkle 
 bright." Spenser, F. Q., v. 6, 38. 
 
 645. " Some Fury, 
 
 From burning Acheron, snatch'd a sulphur brand, 
 Thatsmok'd with hate, the parent of red murder, 
 And threw it in her bosom." 
 
 Massinger, Parliatnent of Love, v. i. 
 
 650. "A horse ! a horse ! my kingdom for a horse !" 
 
 Shakespeare, K. Richard III., v. 6. 
 
 651. " O save me from the tumult of the soul. 
 From the wild beasts within ! For circling sands. 
 When the swift whirlwind whelms them o'er the 
 
 lands ; 
 The roaring deeps that to the clouds arise. 
 While through the storm the darting lightning 
 
 flies ; 
 The monster brood to which this land gives 
 
 birth ; 
 The blazing city and the gaping earth ; 
 All deaths, all tortures, in one pang combined. 
 Are gentle to the tempest of the mind." 
 
 Masinissa, in Thomson's Sophonisba, i. 5. 
 
 And cursed rage for warfare ; wrath 'bove 
 
 all: 
 As when with mighty din, a fire of twigs 
 Is laid beneath a surging caldron's sides, 
 And with the heat up leap the waters ; 
 
 raves 
 The fluid's steamy tide within, and high 
 With foam o'erflows ; nor can the billow 
 
 now 
 Contain itself; flies sooty rack to air. 
 An expedition therefore to the king 
 Latinus, on the outrage done to peace, 660 
 Enjoins he on the chieftains of the youths. 
 And orders arms to be prepared to guard 
 Italia, from their bourns to oust the foe : 
 " That he is coming on, a match for both, 
 Both Teucer's sons and Latins." When 
 
 these words 
 He uttered, and the gods to [share] his 
 
 vows 
 He called, in rivalry the Rutuli 
 Cheer them to arms. This — rouses match- 
 less pride 
 Of shape and youth ; that — his ancestral 
 
 kings ; 
 Another — his right hand of brilliant deeds. 
 While Turnus fills the Rutuli with daring 
 soul, 671 
 
 Allecto 'gainst the Trojans set herself 
 In nimble motion on her Stygian wings ; 
 With fresh manoeuvre having spied the 
 
 spot 
 Wherein upon the strand lulus fair 
 With ambush, and in chase, the savage 
 
 beasts 
 Was hunting. Here a sudden furiousness 
 Upon his hounds the maid of Cocyt darts. 
 And dews their nostrils with familiar scent, 
 That they in mettle might a hart pursue : 
 Which proved the leading cause of woes, 
 and fired 681 
 
 The spirits of the peasantry for war. 
 The hart was of surpassing shape, and huge 
 
 672. So Drayton of " Mischief:" 
 " She, with a sharp sight and a meagre look. 
 Was always prying where she might do ill, 
 In which the fiend continual pleasure took, 
 (Her starved body plenty could not fill) 
 Searching in every corner, every nook ; 
 With winged feet, too swift to work her will, 
 Furnish'd with deadly instruments she went. 
 Of ev'ry sort, to wound where so she meant. 
 
 " Having a vial fiU'd with baneful wrath, 
 
 (Brought from Cocytus by that cursed sprite) 
 Which in her pale hand purposely she hath. 
 And drops the poison upon every wight." 
 
 The Barons' IVars, ii. 4-6. 
 
 682. _ _ " Now 
 
 Doth dogged war bristle his angry crest, 
 And snarleth in the gentle eyes of peace." 
 
 Shakespeare, K. John, iv. end. 
 
V. 483-499. 
 
 BOOK VII. 
 
 V. 499—503. 
 
 215 
 
 With horns, which, ravished from the 
 
 mother's pap, 
 The sons of Tyrrheus fostered, Tyrrheus, 
 
 too, 
 Their sire, to whom the royal herds submit, 
 And far and wide the wardship of the 
 I plain 
 
 Is trusted. Him, accustomed to their sway, 
 Their sister Silvia, with a world of pains 
 His antlers interlacing with soft wreaths, 
 Was wont to trick them out, and comb the 
 
 beast, 691 
 
 And wash him in the crystal spring. He, 
 
 tolerant 
 Of hands, and to his master's table used, 
 Would wander in the forests, and again 
 To the familiar thresholds, of himself, 
 Betake him home, however late at night. 
 Him, straying far, lulus' madding hounds. 
 As he is hunting, started up, what time 
 [The stag] by chance adown the fav'ring 
 
 stream 
 Was floating, and upon the emerald bank 
 His heats assuaging. E'en himself, afire 
 With love of special praise, Ascanius, 
 
 aimed 702 
 
 Shafts from his arching bow : nor was the 
 
 god 
 Not present to his right hand as it swerves : 
 And, shot with mighty whizzing both along 
 
 690. " At early dawn the youth his journey took. 
 And many a mountain pass'd and valley wide. 
 Then reach'd the wild ; where, in a flowery nook, 
 And seated on a mossy stone, he spied 
 An ancient man : his harp lay him beside. 
 L A stag sprung from the pasture at his call, 
 
 f And, kneeling, lick'd the wither'd hand that tied 
 
 J A wreath of woodbine round his antlers tall. 
 
 And hung his lofty neck with many a flow'ret 
 small." Beattie, Minstrel, b. ii. 25. 
 
 702. " But now the monarch murderer comes in. 
 
 Destructive man ! whom Nature would notarme, 
 As when in madness mischief is foreseen, 
 
 We leave it weaponless for fear of harme. 
 " For she defenceless made him, that he might 
 
 Less readily offend ; but art armes all. 
 From single strife makes us in numbers fight ; 
 
 And by such art this royall stagg did fall. 
 " He weeps till grief does even his murd'rers pierce : 
 
 Grief which so nobly through his anger strove. 
 That it deserv'd the dignity of verse, 
 
 And had it words, as humanly would move. 
 
 " Thrice from the ground his vanquish'd head he 
 rear'd, 
 
 And with last looks his forrest walks did view ; 
 Where sixty summers he had rul'd the heard, 
 
 And where sharp dittany now vainly grew : 
 
 " Whose hoary leaves no more his wounds shall 
 heale ; 
 For with a sigh (a blast of all his breath) 
 That viewless thing, call'd life, did from him steale, 
 And with their bugle homes they winde his 
 death." Daveoant, Gondibert, i. 2, 52-6. 
 
 The belly, and along the flank, careered 
 The arrow. But the wounded beast within 
 His well-known shelter homeward fled, 
 
 and passed 
 Groaning beneath the cotes, and with his 
 
 plaint, 709 
 
 Bloody and suitor-like, filled all the house. 
 First sister Silvia, smiting with her hands 
 
 706. Sackvilie introduces a wounded hart, to 
 illustrate the "gricfe of conscyncc :" 
 " Like to the dere that stryken with the dart 
 Withdrawes himselfe into some secrete place. 
 And feeling green the wound about his hart. 
 Startles with panges tyl he fall on the grasse. 
 And in great feare lyes gasping there a space, 
 Furth braying sighes as though eche pange had 
 
 brought 
 The present death which he doeth dread so oft." 
 Complaynt of Henrye D. of Buckingham, st. 34. 
 
 Not very dissimilarly. Pope : 
 " What are the falling rills, the pendent shades. 
 The morning bowers, the evening colonnades. 
 But soft recesses for th' uneasy mind 
 To sigh unheard in to the passing wind ! 
 So the struck deer, in some sequester'd part, 
 Lies down to die (the arrow in his heart) ; 
 There hid in shades, and wasting day by day, 
 Inly he bleeds, and pants his soul away." 
 
 A Fragment. 
 
 711. Silvia was as tender-hearted as the Prioresse 
 in the prologue to the Canterbury Tales : 
 " Of smale houndes hadde she, that she fedde 
 With rosted flesh, and milk, and wastel brede. 
 But sore wept she if on of hem were dede. 
 Or if men smote it with a yerde smert : 
 And all was conscience and tendre herte." 
 
 Chaucer. 
 
 Thyrsis, in a Bucolic of Herrick's, is equally 
 miserable from a similar cause : 
 " I have lost my lovely steer. 
 That to me was far more dear 
 Than these kine which I milk here ; 
 Broad of forehead, large of eye, 
 Party-colour'd like a pie. 
 Smooth in each limb as a die ; 
 Clear of hoof, and clear of horn. 
 Sharply pointed like a thorn ; 
 With a neck by yoke unworn. 
 From the which hung down by strings. 
 Balls of cowslips, daisy rings, 
 Interplac'd with ribbonings : 
 Pardon, Lacon, if I weep ; 
 Tears will spring where woes are deep." 
 Hesperides : Pastoral and Descriptive, x. 
 
 Andrew Marvell has a charming poem on the 
 like subject : 
 
 " The wanton troopers riding by. 
 Have shot my Fawn, and it will dye. 
 Ungentle men ! they cannot thrive. 
 Who kill'd thee. Thou ne'er didst alive 
 Them any harm : alas ! nor cou'd 
 Thy death yet do them any good." 
 
 " With sweetest milk and sugar first 
 I it at mine own fingers nurs'd ; 
 And as it grew, so every day 
 It wax'd more white and sweet than they." 
 
 " It is a wondrous thing, how fleet 
 'Twas oa these little silver feet ! 
 
2l6 
 
 V. 503 — 505 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 508—527. 
 
 Her arms, aid summons, and together calls 
 The sturdy peasants. They, — for skulked 
 
 the plague 
 Grim in the stilly forests, — unforeseen 
 Are present ; one with firebrand burnt at 
 
 end 
 Equipped, one with the knots of weighty 
 
 club : 
 Whate'er is found by each in narrow search, 
 Their anger makes a weapon. Tyrrheus 
 
 calls 718 
 
 With what a pretty skipping grace. 
 
 It oft would challenge me the race ; 
 
 And when 't had left me far away, 
 
 "Twould stay, and run again, and stay. 
 
 For it was nimbler much than hinds. 
 
 And trod as if on the four winds. 
 " I have a garden of my own, 
 
 But so with roses overgrown. 
 
 And lillys, that you would it guess 
 
 To be a little v/ilderness ; 
 
 And all the spring-time of the year 
 
 It only loved to be there. 
 
 Among the beds of lillys I _ 
 
 Have sought it oft, where it should lye ; 
 
 Yet could not, till itself would rise. 
 
 Find it, although before mine eyes. 
 
 For in the flaxen lillys' shade 
 
 It like a bank of lillys laid. 
 
 Upon the roses it would feed. 
 
 Until its lips ev'n seem'd to bleed ; 
 
 And then to me 't would boldly trip. 
 
 And print those roses on my lip. 
 
 F.ut all its chief delight was still 
 
 On roses thus itself to fill ; 
 
 And its pure virgin limbs to fold 
 
 In whitest sheets of lillys cold." 
 " O help ! O help ! I see it faint 
 
 And dye as calmly as a saint. 
 
 See how it weeps ! The tears do come. 
 
 Sad, slowly, dropping like a gum. 
 
 So weeps the wounded balsam ; so 
 
 'I'he holy frankincense doth flow. 
 
 The brotherless Heliades 
 
 Melt in such amber tears as these." 
 
 The Nymph complaining for the Death of 
 Iter Fawn. 
 
 715. " Thus as he spoke, loe ! with outrageous cry 
 A thousand villeins rownd about them swarmd 
 Out of the rockes and caves adioyning nye ; 
 Vile caitive wretches, ragged, rude, deformd. 
 All threatning death, all in straunge manner armd; 
 Some with unweldy clubs, some with long 
 
 speares. 
 Some rusty knives some staves in fier warmd : 
 Sterne was their looke ; like wild amazed steares. 
 
 Staring with hollow eies, and stifife upstanding 
 heares." Spenser, F. Q., ii. 9, 13. 
 
 718. So Spenser of the " salvage man," who 
 
 rescued Calepine : 
 
 ' * Yet armes or weapon had he none to fight, 
 Ne knew the use of warlike instruments, 
 Save such as sudden rage him lent to smite." 
 F. Q., vi. 4, 4. 
 
 " Infernal discord, hideous to behold. 
 Hangs like its evil genius o'er the city. 
 And sends a snake to every vulgar breast. 
 From several quarters the mad rabble swarm, 
 Arm'd with the instruments of hasty rage. 
 
 His troops, as he by chance a four-cleft oak 
 Was splitting up with wedges driven home, 
 Breathing ferociously, with axe engrasped. 
 But the fell goddess, from her spying-place 
 The season for her mischief having gained, 
 Seeks the cote's lofty roofs, and from the 
 
 crest 
 Of its ridge-height the shepherd-signal 
 
 sings. 
 And on her winding horn her hellish voice 
 She strains : wherewith straight quivered 
 
 every grove 
 And deep, deep forests rang. E'en heard 
 
 it far 
 The lake of Trivia, heard it Nar, the stream 
 With sulph'rous water white, and Veline 
 
 springs ; 730 
 
 And anxious mothers folded to their breasts 
 Their children. Then, sooth, posting to 
 
 the sound. 
 Wherewith the fearful horn its signal gave. 
 With weapons seized from every quarter, 
 
 troop 
 The dauntless swains : yea too the Trojan 
 
 youth 
 T' Ascanius aid outpour from open camp. 
 They marshalled have their lines. Not 
 
 now in rustic fray 
 With sturdy clubs, or stakes with burning 
 
 tipped, 
 'Tis fought ; but they with doubtful steel 
 
 engage, 
 And bristles far and near a darkling crop 
 Of swords unsheathed ; and bronzes, sun- 
 struck, gleam, 741 
 
 And in confus'd disorderly array. 
 Most formidable march : their differing clamors. 
 Together join'd, compose one deaf'ning sound ; 
 'Arm, arm,' they cry." 
 Rowe, Tfie Ambitious Stepmother, act v. 9-17. 
 
 727. " My poor heart trembles like a timorous leaf. 
 Which the wind shakes upon his sickly stalk. 
 And frights into a palsy." 
 
 Shirley, The BrotJters, iv. 5. 
 
 Allecto's voice produced both effects. 
 
 731. Goldsmith uses the idea to illustrate the 
 attachment of the Swiss for their mountain-homes : 
 " And as a child, when scaring sounds molest. 
 Clings close and closer to the mother's breast. 
 So the loud torrent, and the whirlwind's roar. 
 But bind him to his native mountains more." 
 
 The Traveller. 
 
 741. "He spake: and, to confirm his words, out 
 flew 
 Millions of flaming swords, drawn from the thighs 
 Of mighty Cherubim ; the sudden blaze 
 Far round illumined Hell." 
 
 Milton, P. L., b. i. 
 " The flights of whistling darts make brown the sky. 
 Whose clashing points strike fire, and gild the 
 dusk." Drydcn, Troilus and Cressida, v. 2. 
 
V. 537—542. 
 
 BOOK VII. 
 
 V. 542-567. 
 
 317 
 
 And fling their radiance underneath the 
 
 clouds : 
 As when a billow with the rising gale 
 Begins to whiten, by degrees the sea 
 Uprears itself, and higher lifts its waves ; 
 Then tow'rs to heaven from its deepest bed. 
 A stripling here, before the battle's front, 
 With whizzing arrow, who of Tyrrheus' 
 
 sons 
 Was eldest, Almo low is laid ; for clave 
 Beneath his throat the bolt, and choked 
 
 with blood 750 
 
 The passage of his moistful voice, and life 
 Of thread. [Falls] many a corse of warriors 
 
 round, 
 And elderly Galcesus, while himself 
 He offers mediator for a peace ; 
 Who was the one most righteous man [of 
 
 all], 
 And erst the richest in Ausonia's fields. 
 Five flocks of bleating ones to him, five 
 
 herds, 
 Came home, and earth with hundred 
 
 ploughs he turned. 
 Now whilst these [deeds] are going on 
 
 throughout 
 The plains, — impartial Mars, — the goddess, 
 
 made 760 
 
 Mistress of her engagement, when with 
 
 blood 
 The warfare she imbrued, and set abroach 
 
 " The setting sun. 
 With yellow radiance, lightened all the vale ; 
 And, as the warriors moved, each polished helm, 
 Corslet, or spear, glanced back his gilded beams. 
 The hill they climbed, and, halting at its top. 
 Of more than mortal size, towering, they seemed 
 An host angelic, clad in burning arms." 
 
 Home, Douglas, iv. i. 
 
 755. " So spake the seraph Abdiel, faithful found 
 Among the faithless, faithful only he : 
 Among innumerable false unmoved. 
 Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified, 
 His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal ; 
 Nor number, nor example, with him wrought 
 To swerve from truth, or change his constant 
 
 mind, 
 Though single." Milton, P. L., b. v. end. 
 
 759. " Now," — atque, v. 540, — see Wagner, Quaes. 
 
 Virg. 35, 22. 
 
 760. " This battle fares like to the morning's war. 
 When dying clouds contend with growing light : 
 What time the shepherd, blowing of his nails. 
 Can neither call it perfect day nor night. 
 
 Now sways it this way, like a mighty sea, 
 Forc'd by the tide to combat with the wind ; 
 Now sways it that way, like the selfsame sea 
 Forc'd to retire by fury of the wind : 
 Sometime, the flood prevails; and then, the 
 
 wind : 
 Now, one the better ; then, another best ; 
 Both tugging to be victors, breast to breast. 
 Yet neither conqueror, nor conquered : 
 So b the equal poise of this fell war." 
 
 Shakespeare, 3 King Henry VI., ii. 5. 
 
 The deaths of their first fight, Hesperia 
 
 quits. 
 And, turned away along the gales of 
 
 heaven, 
 In triumph Juno speaks with haughty tone: 
 *' Lo 1 stablished for thee by a rueful war, 
 Disunion ! Say, for friendship let them 
 
 meet, 
 And leagues compact ! Since I with Auson 
 
 blood 
 Have dewed the Trojans, this I e'en thereto 
 Will add, if I may have thy sure assent : 
 The neighbor cities by reports will I 771 
 To battles drive, and fire their souls with 
 
 love 
 Of madding Mars, that they all round for 
 
 aid 
 May come ; throughout the fields I'll scatter 
 
 arms." 
 Then Juno in reply : "Of frights and guile 
 There is an overflow. [Firm] stand the 
 
 grounds 
 For warfare ; with their weapons hand to 
 
 hand 
 Are they engaged. The arms, which chance 
 
 first gave. 
 Their maiden blood hath dyed. Such 
 
 marriages, 
 And such connubial rites, let solemnise 780 
 The peerless son of Venus, and the king 
 Latinus' self. That thou o'er airs of heaven 
 With further liberty shouldst range, wills 
 
 not 
 That father, of most high Olympus lord : 
 Off from [these] regions ! I, if any [change 
 Of] fortune in my toils remains, will set it 
 
 straight 
 Myself." Such words Satumia spoke. But 
 
 she 
 Uplifts her pinions, hissing with their snakes, 
 And seeks Cocytus' seat, forsaking heights 
 Aloft. There is a spot 'mid Italy, 790 
 Beneath the lofty mountains, of renown, 
 And blazoned by report in many a coast, — 
 Amsanctus' glens. This, dark with clustered ■ 
 
 leaves, 
 A forest's side confines on either hand, 
 And, brawling in the midst, a flood gives 
 
 forth 
 
 B8. " At last his sail-broad vans 
 
 He spreads for flight, and in the surging smoke 
 Uplifted spurns the ground ; thence many a 
 
 league, 
 As in a cloudy chair, ascending rides. 
 Audacious ; but, that seat soon failing, meets 
 A vast vacuity. All unawares, 
 Fluttering his pennons vain, plumb down he 
 
 drops 
 Ten thousand fathom deep." 
 
 Milton, P. £., b. ii. 
 
v/567 — 580. 
 
 THE yENEID. 
 
 V. 580—597. 
 
 A din from rocks and writhing eddy. Here 
 The fearful cave and vents of grisly Dis 
 Are shown, and from the bursten Acheron 
 A vasty whirlpool opes its plagueful jaws ; 
 Whereinto the Erinys being plunged, — 
 The loathly fiend, — discumbered earth and 
 
 heaven. 801 
 
 Nor less the meanwhile the Saturnian 
 
 queen 
 Upon the warfare sets a crowning hand. 
 Rush from the battle to the city all 
 The host of shepherds, and the slain bring 
 
 back, 
 Young Almo, and the marred Galsesus' 
 
 form ; 
 And sue the gods, Latinus too conjure. 
 Turnus is present, and amid the charge 
 Of murder, and their heat, the horror he 
 Redoubles:— ''That the Teucri to the 
 
 realm 810 
 
 Were summoned ; that the Phrygian brood 
 
 was blent 
 With them ; that he was banished from the 
 
 court." 
 Then they, whose mothers, ecstasied by 
 
 Bacchus, 
 
 797. Glover has a fine description of the Cave of 
 the Furies : 
 
 " Around it slept 
 A stagnant water, overarch'd by yews, 
 Growth immemorial, which forbade the winds 
 E'en to disturb the melancholy pool. 
 To this, the fabled residence abhorr'd 
 Of Hell-sprung beings, Demonax, himself 
 Predominating demon of the place. 
 Conducts the sev'n assassins. There no priest 
 Officiates ; single there, as Charon grim, 
 A boatman wafts them to the cavern's mouth. 
 They enter, fenc'd in armour ; down the black 
 Descent, o'er moist and lubricated stone. 
 They tread unstable. Night's impurest birds 
 With noisome wings each loathing visage beat ; 
 Of each the shudd'ring flesh through plated steel 
 By slimy efts, and clinging snakes, is chill'd ; 
 Cold, creeping toads beset th' infected way." 
 Athenaid, b. xiv. 
 
 See note on yfi'w. vi. /. 336. 
 
 800. " So saying he dismiss'd them : they with 
 
 speed 
 Their course through thickest constellations held. 
 Spreading their bane. The blasted stars look'd 
 
 wan. 
 And planets, planet-struck, real eclipse 
 Then suffer'd. Th' other way Satan went down 
 The causey to Hell-gate. On either side 
 Disparted Chaos overbuilt exclaim'd. 
 And with rebounding surge the bars assail'd, 
 That scorn'd his indignation : through the gate. 
 Wide open and unguarded, Satan pass'd 
 And all about found desolate." 
 
 Milton, P. L., b. x, 
 
 813. " Down they rush 
 
 From Nysa's vine-empurpled cliff, the dames 
 Of Thrace, the Satyrs, and the unruly Fauns, 
 With old Silenus, reeling through the crowd 
 Which gambols round him, in convulsions wild 
 
 In dances caper in the wayless woods, — 
 For not unweighty was Amata's name, — 
 From every quarter mustered, coalesce, 
 And importune for Mars. Straight all 
 
 cursed war. 
 In spite of omens, spite of oracles 
 Of gods, heav'n's pleasure set aside, de- 
 mand. 
 In rivalry the palace of the king 820 
 
 Latinus they beset. He, as a rock 
 Of sea unstirred, withstands them : like 
 A rock of sea, when comes a thund'ring 
 
 crash. 
 The which, with many a billow baying 
 
 round. 
 Maintains itself by its own weight : the cliffs 
 And foamy rocks are roaring i-ound in vain. 
 And, dashed against its side, the ocean-weed 
 Is showered back. But when no pow'r is 
 
 given 
 Their resolution blind to overrule. 
 And at fell Juno's beck events proceed; 
 The father, earnestly attesting gods 831 
 And empty gales, cries : *' Welaway ! we're 
 
 crushed 
 By destinies, and overborne by storm ! 
 Ye shall yourselves with sacrilegious blood 
 Pay these amercements, O unhappy [men]. 
 Thee, Turnus, impious wretch, thee shall 
 
 abide 
 Sore punishment, and thou with vows too 
 
 late 
 
 Tossing their limbs, and" brandishing in air 
 
 The ivy-mantled thyrsus, or the torch 
 
 Through black smoke flaming, to the Phrygian 
 
 pipe's _ 
 Shrill voice, and to the clashing cymbals, mix'd 
 With shrieks and frantic uproar." 
 
 Akenside, Hymn to ttie Naiads, 283-99. 
 
 821. " So have I seen a rock's heroic breast. 
 Against proud Neptune, that his ruin threats. 
 When all his waves he hath to battle prest. 
 And with a thousand swelling billows beats 
 The stubborn stone, and foams, and chaffs, and 
 frets. 
 To heave him from his root, unmoved stand ; 
 And more in heaps the barking surges band. 
 The more in pieces beat, fly weeping to the 
 strand." 
 G. Fletcher, Christ's Triumph over Death, xxiii, 
 
 " All your attempts 
 Shall fall on me like brittle shafts on armour. 
 That break themselves ; or waves against a rock. 
 That leave no sign of their ridiculous fury 
 But foam and splinters." 
 
 Massinger, The Fatal Dowry, v, 2. 
 
 826. " A place there is, where proudly rais'd there 
 stands 
 A huge aspiring rock, neighb'ring the skies. 
 Whose surly brow imperiously commands 
 The sea his bounds, that at his proud feet lies ; 
 And spurns the waves, that in rebellious bands 
 Assault his empire, and against him rise." 
 
 Daniel, Civil War, ii. 48. 
 
V. 597—610. 
 
 BOOK VII, 
 
 V. 6io — 628. 
 
 319 
 
 rhe gods shalt worship. For to me my 
 
 rest 838 
 
 Is gained, and wholly in the threshold [lies] 
 The haven ; of a happy death I'm robbed." 
 Nor speaking further, he himself shut up 
 Within the dome, and left the reins of state. 
 There was a custom in Hesperian Latium, 
 The which, from that day ever forth, the 
 
 towns 
 Of Alba holy have observed, now Rome 
 Observes it, noblest of [created] things, — 
 When Mars arouse they to the opening 
 
 fights ; 
 Or be it on the Getae they prepare 
 To wage with might a tear-deserving war, 
 Or on Hyrcanians, or the Arab [tribe]s ; 850 
 Or 'gainst the Inds to march, and track the 
 
 Dawn, 
 And standards from the Parths to rede- 
 
 mand. 
 Two gates there are of War, — so call they 
 
 them 
 By name, — from rev'rence hallowed, and 
 
 the awe 
 Of Mars ferocious : shut them hundred bolts 
 Of bronze, and iron's deathless strength ; 
 
 nor stirs 
 
 838. " I am a weak old man, so poor and feeble. 
 That my untoward joints can scarcely creep 
 Unto the grave, where I must seek my rest." 
 Ford, The Lover's Melancholy, v. end. 
 
 *' These eyes, like lamps whose wasting oil is spent. 
 Wax dim, as drawing to their exigent ; 
 Weak shoulders, overborne with burd'ning grief. 
 And pithless arms, like to a wither'd vine. 
 That droops his sapless branches to the gp-ound !— 
 Yet are these feet, whose strengthless stay is 
 
 numb, 
 Unable to support this lump of clay, 
 Swift-winged with desire to get a grave. 
 As witting I no other comfort have." 
 
 Shakespeare, i King Henry V/., ii. 5. 
 
 840. Thus losing the end of Pomfret's desires : 
 " Then I'd not be with any trouble vex'd. 
 Nor have the evening of my days perplex'd ; 
 But by a silent and a peaceful death, 
 Without a sigh, resign my aged breath." 
 
 The Choice, end. 
 
 And Goldsmith's touching hopes : 
 " In all my wand'rings round this world of care, 
 In all my griefs,— and God has giv'n my share,— 
 I still had hopes my latest hour to crown, 
 Amid these humble bow'rs to lay me down ; 
 To husband out life's taper at the close. 
 And keep the flame from wasting by repose." 
 Deserted Village. 
 
 He was much in the position of Macbeth : 
 " Had I but died an hour before this chance, 
 I had Hv'd a blessed time ; for, from this instant, 
 There's nothing serious in mortality : 
 All is but toys ; renown, and grace is dead ; 
 The wine of life is drawn, and the mere lees 
 Is left this vault to brag of." .,,,.. 
 
 Shakespeare, Macbeth, u. 3. 
 
 The guardian Janus from the threshold. 
 
 These,— 
 When with the fathers rests a fixed resolve 
 For fight, himself in Quirine ** trabea," 
 And Gabine cincture, badged, — the grating 
 
 doors, — 860 
 
 Unbars the consul ; he himself proclaims 
 The battles ; follows then the other youth. 
 And bronzen trumpets with a hoarse accord 
 Together blast. Then in this fashion e'en 
 Against the kneads was Latinus pressed 
 War to declare, and open back the gates 
 Of sorrow. From their touch the father 
 
 shrank, 
 And, turned aloof, the loathsome service fled. 
 And buried him within the darkling gloom. 
 Then, gliding down from heav'n, the queen 
 
 of gods 870 
 
 The lagging portals forced her very self 
 With her own hand, and on their wheeling 
 
 hinge 
 War's iron-banded gates Saturnia brast. 
 Bums, unaroused and moveless hitherto, 
 Ausonia. Some afoot prepare to march 
 Along the plains ; some, high on stately 
 
 steeds, 
 Dust-covered storm : all arms demand. 
 Some — furbished shields and sheeny javelins 
 
 scour 
 With oily lard, and whet upon the hone 
 Their battle-axes, and it joys to bear 880 
 The standards, and to hear the bray of 
 
 trumps. 
 
 871. " Thus saying, from her side the fatol key. 
 Sad instrument of all our woe, she took ; 
 And, towards the gate rolling her bestial train, 
 Forthwith the huge portcullis high updrew ; 
 Which, but herself, not all the Stygian powers 
 Could once have moved : then in the keyhole 
 
 turns 
 The intricate wards, and every bolt and bar 
 Of massy iron or solid rock with ease 
 Unfastens. On a sudden open fly 
 With impetuous recoil and jarring sound 
 The infernal doors, and on their hinges grate 
 Harsh thunder, that the lowest bottom shook 
 Of Erebus." Milton, /^. Z., b. ii. 
 
 875-81. " Ther mayst thou see devisine of harneis 
 So uncouth and so riche, and wrought so wele 
 Of goldsmithry, of brouding, and of stele ; 
 The sheldes brighte, testeres, and trappures ; 
 Gold-hewen helmes, hauberkes, cote-armitres ; 
 Kni^htes of retenue, and eke squieres. 
 Nailing the speres, and helmes bokeling, 
 Gniding of sheldes, with lainers lacing ; 
 Ther as nede is, they weren nothing idcl : 
 The fomy stedes on the golden bridel 
 Gnawing, and fast the armurers also 
 With file and hammer priking to and fro ; 
 Yemen on foot, and communes many on 
 With shorte staves, thickc as they may gon ; 
 Pipes, trompes, nakercs, clariounes. 
 That in the bataille blowen blody sounes." 
 
 Chaucer, Knigktes Tmie, 
 
230 
 
 V. 629 — 656. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 656—690. 
 
 E'en five great cities on their anvils reared 
 New forge them arms, — the powerful Atine, 
 And Tiber haughty, Ardea, and the sons 
 Of Crustumeria, and, with turrets crowned, 
 Antemnce. Cov'rings for their heads secure 
 They hollow, and of withes bend wicker- 
 work 
 For bucklers ; others cuirasses of bronze, 
 Or burnished greaves of pliant silver, mould. 
 To this the pride of share and pruning-hook. 
 To this all passion for the plough, gave 
 way : 891 
 
 The falchions of their fathers they recast 
 In forges. And the trumpets now ring 
 
 forth ; 
 The watchword, sign for battle, passes on. 
 His helm one [warrior] seizes from the roofs 
 In anxious haste ; another to their yokes 
 Drives on his neighing steeds, and in a 
 
 shield. 
 And, triply laced with gold, a habergeon, 
 Is dight, and belted with a trusty sword. 
 
 Now open Helicon, O goddesses, 900 
 And quicken ye my lays :— -what kings by 
 
 war 
 Were roused, what brigads, following each, 
 
 filled up 
 The champaign ; with what warriors even 
 
 then 
 Bloomed Italy's boon land, with weapons 
 
 what 
 It blazed : for ye alike remember, maids 
 Divine, and can recount them : scarce to us 
 The subtle breath of legend steals along. 
 
 The foremost enters on the battle, fierce 
 Frorn Tyrrhene coasts, despiser of the gods, 
 Mezentius, and his troops he arms. His son 
 Next to him, Lausus, [one] than whom none 
 
 else 
 Was fairer, save Laurentine Turnus' form : 
 Lausus, steed-tamer, and the vanquisher 913 
 Of savage beasts, from Agyll'-s- city leads. 
 That vainly followed him, a thousand men ; 
 
 worthy 
 T' have been more happy in a father's rule, 
 And not Mezentius to have had his sire. 
 Next these, along the herbage, marked 
 by palm. 
 His chariot, and his conq'ring steeds dis- 
 plays. 
 
 909. " The immortal powers 
 
 Protect a prince, though sold to impious acts. 
 And seem to slumber till his roaring crimes 
 Awake their justice ; but then, looking down. 
 And with impartial eyes, on his contempt 
 Of all religion, and moral goodness, 
 They, in their secret judgments, do determine 
 To leave him to his wickedness, which sinks him. 
 When he is most secure." 
 
 Massinger, The Roman Actor, iii, i. 
 
 Sprung from fair Hercules, fair Aventine ; 
 And on his scutcheon wears his father's 
 
 badge, 921 
 
 A hundred snakes, and Hydra, adder-girt : 
 Whom in a wood on Aventinus' hill 
 The priestess Rhea, hidden in his birth, 
 Brought into being 'neath the climes of 
 
 light,— 
 A woman intermingled with a god, — 
 As soon "as, — Geryon slain, — Laurentine 
 
 fields 
 The conquering Tirynthius reached, and 
 
 bathed 
 His Spanish heifers in the Tuscan flood. 
 They javelins in their hands and felon pikes 
 For battles bear, and fight with slender 
 
 blade 931 
 
 And lance Sabellian. He himself, afoot, 
 A lion's monstrous cov'ring winding round, 
 In fearful shag unkempt, with snowy tusks 
 Accoutred on his head, thus passed inside 
 The royal palace, bristling, and engirt 
 Around his shoulders with Herculean garb. 
 Then brothers twain the walls of Tiber 
 
 leave. 
 The nation from their brother Tiber's name 
 Entitled, — e'en Catillus and fierce Coras, — 
 
 youth 940 
 
 Of Argos, and before the battle's van. 
 Amid the thick of arms, are borne along : 
 As when two cloud-engendered Centaurs 
 
 swoop 
 Down from [some] mount's high summit, 
 
 Homole 
 And snowy Othrys in their fleet career 
 Forsaking : yields to them as they ad- 
 vance 
 The spacious forest, and the bushy shrubs 
 Retire before them with a thund'ring crash. 
 Nor absent was the founder of the town 
 Praeneste, whom hath every age believed 
 Of Vulcan sired, 'mong rural folks a prince, 
 And on the hearth discovered, — Caeculus. 
 Him does a peasant host from far and near 
 Accompany, e'en heroes, who the tall 954 
 Praeneste, and who Gabine Juno's fields, 
 And icy Anio, and the Hemic rocks. 
 With runnels dewy, haunt ; whom thou 
 
 dost feed, 
 O rich Anagnia, whom sire Amasene. 
 For all of these do neither arms, nor shields, 
 Or chariots, clang : the greatest part sling 
 
 balls 960 
 
 Of bluish lead ; some wield a pair of darts 
 In hand, and tawny caps of wolf- skin wear, 
 Screen for the head : their left foot-soles 
 
 unshod 
 
 924. That is, of course : " in clandestine birth." 
 
V. 690—717. 
 
 BOOK VIL 
 
 V. 717—750. 
 
 231 
 
 They plant ; a boot untanned the other 
 clothes. 
 Messapus next, steed-tamer, Neptune's 
 son, 
 Whom it was not allowed to mortal man, 
 Either by fire or steel, to overthrow, 
 His clans long while inactive, and his hosts 
 Unused to war, calls suddenly to arms, 
 And lakes in hand again the falchion. 
 These — 970 
 
 Fescinnia's bands and low Falisci ; those — 
 Hold Soract's summits and Flavinian fields. 
 And, with its mount, the lake of Ciminus, 
 And groves Capenian. In their number 
 
 matched 
 They marched, and sang their monarch : 
 as at times 
 ! The snowy swans among the calmy clouds, 
 What time from feeding they betake them 
 
 home. 
 And through their lengthful necks melo- 
 dious notes 
 Give forth ; the river rings and Asia's mere. 
 Far stricken. Nor would any deem that 
 bands, 980 
 
 Bronze-armed, of such a mighty host were 
 
 blent. 
 But from the deepsome gulf a skyey cloud 
 Of screaming birds was hurried to the 
 shores. 
 Lo ! Clausus, from the Sabines' ancient 
 blood, 
 Leading a mighty host, and he himself 
 Great as a mighty host, from whom is now 
 Both Claudian tribe and family dispread 
 Through Latium, since for share hath Rome 
 
 been given 
 To Sabines. [Marches forth] along with him 
 A num'rous Amiternan band, and old 990 
 Quirites, of Eretum all the band. 
 And of the olive-rife Mutusca ; who 
 Nomentum['s] city, who the Roseau fields 
 Of the Velinus, who the rugged cliffs 
 Of Tetrica, and mount Severus, and 
 Casperia haunt, and Foruli, and flood 
 Of the Himella ; they who Tiber drink 
 And Fabaris ; they whom chilly Nursia 
 
 sent. 
 And Horta's hosts, and Latin clans, and 
 those 
 
 964. Instiluere (v. 690) is plainly an aorist. 
 
 975. " At which command the Powers militant 
 That stood for Heaven, in mighty quadrate 
 
 join'd 
 Of union irresistible, moved on 
 In silence their bright legions, to the sound 
 Or instrumental harmony, that breathed 
 Heroic ardour to adventurous deeds 
 Under their godlike leaders." 
 
 Milton, P. L., b. vi. 
 
 Whom Allia sev'ring, — luckless title I — 
 flows between : 1000 
 
 As many as the surges that are rolled 
 Upon the surface of the Libyan sea. 
 When gruff' Orion in the wintry waves 
 Is hid ; or when at early sun are parched 
 The serried ears, or on the Hermus' plain. 
 Or Lycia's golden fields. Their targes ring, 
 And by the tramp of feet the earth is scared. 
 
 Next, [of the line] of Agamemnon, foe 
 Of Troja's name, Halesus in his car 
 His coursers yokes, and on to Tumus hastes 
 A thousand gallant tribes: who Massic 
 [fields], loil 
 
 In Bacchus fruitful, with their harrows turn ; 
 And whom th' Auruncan sires from lofty 
 
 hills. 
 And near the Sidicinian plains, despatched ; 
 And those who Gales quit, and borderer 
 By Voltum's shoaly river, and alike 
 The rough Saticulan, and Osci's bands. 
 Their weapons slender javelins be ; but 
 
 these 
 It is their fashion with elastic strap 
 To fit. Their left hands does a target 
 screen ; 1020 
 
 In close encounter they have hooked 
 swords. 
 Nor in our lays shalt they unmentioned 
 pass, 
 O QEbalus, whom Telon on the nymph 
 Sebethis to have sired is said, what time 
 He Capreae, the Teleboans' realms. 
 Possessed, now elderly : but e'en the son, 
 Not satisfied with his paternal fields. 
 Held even then far-wide beneath his sway 
 The tribes of the Sarrastes, and the plains 
 Which Samus dews, and they who occupy 
 Rufrse, and Batulum, and Celenna's fields, 
 And whom the apple-rife Abella's walls 
 O'erpeer : in Teuton fashion are they used 
 Their shafts to hurl ; the cov'ring^s for whose 
 heads — 1034 
 
 The rind from off" the cork-tree reft ; and 
 
 gleam 
 Their bronzen bucklers, gleams their sword 
 of bronze. 
 Thee, too, the mount-fraught Nersae to 
 the frays 
 Despatched, O Ufens, famous in renown 
 And happy arms ; whose nation, passing 
 
 wild, 
 And used to constant hunting of the woods. 
 Was the /Equiculan with stubborn clods. 
 In arms they work the earth, and it de- 
 lights 1042 
 To bring together booty ever fresh. 
 And live by plunder. And moreo'er there 
 came 
 
V. 75° — 76o. 
 
 THE .ENEID. 
 
 V. 761 — 782. 
 
 From the Marruvian clan a priest, with leaf 
 And blessed olive o'er his helmet trimmed, 
 By the commission of his prince Archippus, 
 Thrice-gallant Umbro; who on adder brood. 
 And hydras breathing noisomely, was wont 
 To sprinkle slumbers both with charm and 
 
 hand, 1050 
 
 And lull their wrath, and ease their bites 
 
 with skill. 
 But not to salve the Dardan spear-point's 
 
 blow 
 Had he the virtue ; neither booted him 
 Against his wounds enchantments, bringing 
 
 sleep. 
 And simples, gathered in the Marsian 
 
 mounts. 
 Anguitia's woodland thee, thee Fucinus 
 With glassy wave, thee crystal meres, be- 
 
 wept. 
 
 1051. Music produces the same effect on man as 
 on beast : at least, so the poets say. Shakespeare 
 and Dryden have been already quoted ; Congreve 
 thus: 
 
 " Music alone with sudden charms can bind 
 The wandering sense, and calm the troubled 
 
 mind. 
 Begin the powerful song, ye sacred Nine, 
 Your instruments and voices join ; 
 Harmony, peace, and sweet desire. 
 In every breast inspire. 
 Revive the melancholy drooping heart. 
 And soft repose to restless thoughts impart. 
 Appease the wrathful mind. 
 To dire revenge and death inclin'd : 
 With balmy sounds his boiling blood assuage. 
 And melt to mild remorse his burning rage. 
 'Tis done ; and now tumultuous passions cease ; 
 
 And all is hush'd, and all is peace. 
 The weary world with welcome ease is blest. 
 By music luU'd to pleasing rest." 
 
 Hymn to Harmony. 
 
 1056, 7. " Lament, ye nymphs, and mourn, ye 
 wretched swains ; 
 Stray, all ye flocks, and desert be, ye plains ; 
 Sigh, all ye winds, and weep, ye crystal floods ; 
 Fade, all ye flowers, and wither all ye woods. 
 I mourn Pastora dead : let Albion mourn. 
 And sable clouds her chalky cliffs adorn." 
 Congreve, The Mourning Muse of Alexis. 
 
 " A spring, now she is dead ! of what ? of thorns. 
 Briers and brambles ? thistles, burs, and docks ? 
 Cold hemlock, yew ? the mandrake, or the box ? 
 Did not the whole earth sicken when she died ? 
 As if there since did fall one drop of dew. 
 But what was wept for her ? or any stalk 
 Did bear a flower, or any branch a bloom. 
 After her wreath was made ? In faith, in faith. 
 You do not fair to put these things upon me. 
 Which can in no sort be : Earine, 
 Who had her very being and her name. 
 With the first knots or buddings of the spring. 
 Born with the primrose or the violet. 
 Or earliest roses blown ; when Cupid smiled. 
 And Venus led the Graces out to dance. 
 And all the sweets and flowers in Nature's lap 
 Leap'd out, and made their solemn conjuration. 
 To last but while she lived ! Do not I know 
 
 Marched, too, the offspring of Hip- 
 polytus. 
 Thrice lovely, to the battle, Virbius, whom, 
 A noble [soul], his mother Aricia sent, 
 Reared in Egeria's groves, the reeking 
 banks 1061 
 
 Around, where, unctuous and appeaseable, 
 The altar of Diana [stands]. For they 
 Report in legend that Hippolytus, 
 As soon as by a stepdame's craft he fell, 
 And glutted by his blood his sire's revenge, 
 To atoms torn by his bewildered steeds, 
 To empyrean stars again, and 'neath 
 The upper gales of heaven, came, recalled 
 By sovereign simples and Diana's love. 
 Thereon th' almighty father, in his wrath 
 That any mortal from the shades below 
 Should to the light of life arise, himself 
 The Phcebus-sired inventor of such salve 
 And craft, with levin-bolt to Stygian waves 
 Hurled down. But Trivia, boon, Hip- 
 polytus 1076 
 Incloisters in sequestered cells, and him 
 To nymph Egeria and her grove consigns. 
 Where solitary in Italian woods 
 Unnoted he might pass his life, and where 
 By change of name he Virbius might be. 
 Whence also from the fane and hallowed 
 groves 1082 
 Of Trivia horn-hoofed horses are debarred ; 
 For that upon the shore the car and youth 
 They, scared at ocean monsters, overturned. 
 The son upon the surface of the plain 
 Plied not a whit the less his fiery steeds. 
 And in his chariot to the battles rushed. 
 
 How the vale wither'd the same day ? How Dove, 
 Dean, Eye, and Erwash, Idel, Suite, and Soare, 
 Each broke his urn, and twenty waters more. 
 That swelled proud Trent, shrunk themselves 
 
 dry? that since 
 No sun or moon, or other cheerful star 
 Look'd out of heaven, but all the cope was dark. 
 As it were hung so for her exequies ! 
 And not a voice or sound to ring her knell ; 
 But of that dismal pair, the screeching owl. 
 And buzzing hornet ! Hark ! hark ! hark ! the 
 
 foul 
 Bird ! how she flutters with her wicker wings ! 
 Peace ! You shall hear her screech." 
 
 Ben Jonson, T/te Sad Shepherd, \. 2. 
 
 1085. So the Souldan's horses, at sight of the 
 light issuing from Prince Arthure's shield : 
 
 " Such was the furie of these headstrong steeds 
 Soon as the infants sunlike shield they saw. 
 That all obedience both to words and deeds 
 They quite forgot, and scornd all former law I 
 Through woods, and rockes, and mountainef, 
 
 they did draw 
 The yron charet, and the wheeles did teare. 
 And tost the Paynim without feare or awe ; 
 From side to side they tost him here and there, 
 Crying to them in vaine that nould his crying 
 
 heare." Spenser, F. Q., v. 8, 41. 
 
V. 783—800. 
 
 BOOK VIL 
 
 V. 800 — 808. 
 
 aa} 
 
 Himself among the van, of passing 
 
 shape, 
 Tumus is all in motion, grasping arms, 
 ^ And by a head entire above them stands : 
 1 On whom, all hairy with a triple crest, 
 A lofty morion a Chim.nera props, 1093 
 ^tnean blazes puffing from her jaws : 
 The louder she, and wilder with her bale- 
 ful fires. 
 The fiercer wax the frays with gushing 
 
 blood. 
 Moreo'er an lo, with uplifted horns, 
 His glossy buckler badged with gold, [she] 
 
 now 
 With hair thick-covered, now a heifer, — 
 
 brave 
 Device ! — and Argus guardian of the maid. 
 And, pouring from a graven urn his stream, 
 Her father Inachus. There follows on 
 A cloud of footmen, and the scutcheoned 
 hosts 1 103 
 
 Are thronged throughout the plains, e'en 
 
 Argive youth. 
 And the Auruncan bands, the Rutuli, 
 And old Sicanians, and Sacranian files, 
 And with their painted shields Labici ; who 
 Thy glades, O Tiberine, and holy marge 
 Of the Numicius plough, and work with 
 
 share 
 The hills of Rutuli, and Circe's crest : 
 Over which fields Anxurian Jove pre- 
 sides, 1 1 1 1 
 And, joying in her holy grove of green. 
 
 1092. Smart, describing William the Conqueror : 
 
 " Like a god. 
 Refulgent stood the conqueror : on his troops 
 He sent his looks enliv'ning as the sun's, 
 But on his foes frown'd agony and death. 
 On his left side in bright emblazonry 
 His falchion burn'd ; forth from his sevenfold 
 
 shield 
 A basilisk shot adamant ; his brow 
 Wore clouds of fury : on that with plumage 
 
 crown'd 
 Of various hues sat a tremendous cone : 
 Thus sits high-canopied above the clouds. 
 Terrific beauty of nocturnal skies. 
 Northern Aurora ; she thro' th' azure air 
 Shoots, shoots her trem'lous rays in painted 
 
 streaks 
 Continual, while waving to the wind 
 O'er Night's dark veil her lucid tresses flow." 
 The Hop-Garden, b. i. 
 
 HOC. " In vaine he fears that which he cannot 
 
 shonne : 
 For who wotes not that womans subtiltyes 
 Can guylen Argus, when she list misdonne ? 
 It is not yron bandes, nor hundred eyes. 
 Nor brasen walls, nor many wakeful! spyes. 
 That can withold her wilfull-wandring feet ; 
 But fast goodwill, with gentle courtesyes. 
 And timely service to her pleasure meet. 
 May her perhaps containe that else would algates 
 
 fleet." Spenser, F. Q., iii. 9, 7. 
 
 Feronia, where lies Satura's black wash. 
 And icy through the valley-beds a path 
 The Ufens seeks, and in the sea is hid. 
 Besides these, from the Volscian clan 
 arrived 
 Camilla, leading on a troop of horse. 
 And hosts in bloom of bronze, a warrioress. 
 Not to Minerva's distaff or her frails 
 Was she accustomed with her lady hands, 
 But battles sore, a maiden, to endure, 1121 
 And in career of feet t' outstrip the winds. 
 She, or on topmost stalks of standing com, 
 
 1 113. Saturcepalus may possibly mean the " Pon- 
 tine Marshes." 
 
 " When o'er this world, by equinoctial rains * 
 Flooded immense, looks out the joyless Sun, 
 And draws the copious steam ; from swampy 
 
 fens. 
 Where putrefaction into life ferments. 
 And breathes destructive myriads : or from woods. 
 Impenetrable shades, recesses foul. 
 In vapours rank and blue corruption wrapt. 
 Whose gloomy horrors yet no desperate foot 
 Has ever dared to pierce ; then, wasteful, forth 
 Walks the dire power of pestilent Disease. 
 A thousand hideous fiencls her course attend. 
 Sick nature blasting, and to heartless woe. 
 And feeble desolation, casting down 
 The towering hopes and all the pride of man." 
 Thomson, Summer. 
 
 11 14. •' The fruitful valleys laced with silver rills." 
 Browne, Brit. Fast., b. ii. s. 3. 
 
 H22. " Softly gliding as I go. 
 
 With this burthen full of woe. 
 Through still silence of the night 
 Guided by the glow-worm's light. 
 Hither am I come at last. 
 Many a thicket have I past ; 
 Not a twig that durst deny me, 
 Not a bush that durst descry me 
 To the little bird that sleeps 
 On the tender spray ; nor creeps 
 That hardy worm with pointed tail. 
 But if I be under sail. 
 Flying faster than the wind. 
 Leaving all the clouds behind. 
 But doth hide her tender head 
 In some hollow tree, or bed 
 Of seeded nettles ; not a hare 
 Can be started from his fare 
 By my footing ; nor a wish 
 Is more sudden ; nor a fish 
 Can be foynd with greater ease 
 Cut the vast unbounded seas. 
 Leaving neither print nor sound. 
 Than I, when nimbly on the ground 
 I measure many a league an hour." 
 J. Fletcher, The Faithful Shepherdess, iv. 2. 
 
 " How like the nimble winds, which plav upon 
 The tender grass, yet press it not, or fly 
 Over the crystal face of smoothest streams, 
 Leaving no curl behind them ; or how like 
 The yellow-feathcr'd Hymen when he treads 
 Upon the air's soft bosom, doth she pass, 
 Observ'd with admiration ! Why, she makes 
 Motion the god of every excellence." 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, The Faithful Friend*. 
 iv. 3. 
 
2 24 
 
 V. 8o8 — 809. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 809 — 817. 
 
 Untouched, would fly, nor in her race had 
 harmed 
 
 1 124. " Here she was wont to go ! and here ! and 
 
 here ! 
 Just where those daisies, pinks, and violets grow : 
 The world may find the spring by following her ; 
 For other print her airy steps ne'er left. 
 Her treading would not bend a blade of grass. 
 Or shake the downy blow-ball from his stalk ! 
 But like the soft West-wind she shot along. 
 And where she went the flowers took thickest 
 
 root. 
 As she had sow'd them with her odorous foot." 
 Ben Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. i. 
 
 " Love's wings so justly heave 
 The body up, that as our toes shall trip 
 Over the tender and obedient grasse. 
 Scarce any drop of dew is dasht to ground." 
 
 Marston, SopJionisba, iv. i. 
 
 " I've seen him run swifter than starting hinds, 
 Nor bent the tender grass beneath his feet : 
 Swifter than shadows fleeting o'er the fields ; 
 
 Their tender ears ; or through the central 
 
 main, 
 Poised on the heaving wave, would wend 
 
 her way, 
 Nor in its surface dip her nimble soles. 
 Her all the youth, from houses and from 
 
 fields 
 Outpoured, and crowd of dames, in wonder 
 
 view. 
 And towards her gaze, while marching, 
 
 open-mouthed, 1130 
 
 With thunder-stricken minds ; — how royal 
 
 pride 
 Of purple drapes her glossy shoulders ; how 
 A pin of gold her hair together binds ; 
 Her Lycian quiver how she bears herself, 
 And shepherd-myrtle, headed with a point. 
 
 Nay, even the winds, with all their stock of wings, 
 Have puffed behind, as wanting breath to reach 
 him." Lee, Rival Queens, ii. i. 
 
 BOOK VI 1 1. 
 
 When Turnus hoisted up the flag of war 
 From the Laurentine castle, and the trumps 
 With grating clangor brayed, and when he 
 
 roused 
 His mettled steeds, and when he brandished 
 
 arms ; 
 Forthwith excited are their souls : at once 
 All Latium bands together by an oath 
 In wild unrest, and storms the frantic 
 
 youth. 
 The leading generals, Messapus [e'en] 
 
 Line i. " Then straight commands, that at the 
 
 warlike sound 
 Of trumpets loud and clarions be uprear'd 
 His mighty standard. That proud honour claimed 
 Azazel as his right, a cherub tall ; 
 Who forthwith from the glittering staff unfurl'd 
 The imperial ensign ; which, full high advanced, 
 Shone like a meteor streaming to the wind. 
 With gems and golden lustre rich emblazed. 
 Seraphic arms and trophies ; all the while 
 Sonorous metal blowing martial sounds : 
 At which the universal host up sent 
 A shout, that tore Hell's concave, and beyond 
 Frighted the reign of Chaos and old Night. 
 All in a moment through the gloom were seen 
 Ten thousand banners rise into the air 
 With orient colours waving : with them rose 
 A forest huge of spears ; and thronging helms 
 Appear'd, and serried shields in thick array. 
 Of depth immeasurable." Milton, P. L., b. i. 
 3, " The trumpet, with its Mars-inciting voice 
 
 The wind's broad breast impetuous sweeping o'er, 
 
 Fill'd the big note of war." 
 
 Glover, On Sir Isaac Newton. 
 
 And Ufens, and, despiser of the gods, 
 Mezentius, muster aid from every side, lO 
 And of the tillers rob the spacious fields. 
 E'en to the city of great Diomede 
 Is Venulus commissioned, to entreat 
 His aid, and, — that in Latium Teucer's sons 
 Were settling down, ^neas in his fleet 
 Arrived, and his defeated household-gods 
 Was bringing in, and giving out that he 
 Was by the destinies the king required, — 
 To give him information, — and that many 
 
 a state 
 To the Dardanian hero link themselves. 
 And far and wide through Latium that his 
 
 name 21 
 
 Is waxing great. By these beginnings 
 
 what 
 Designs he, what, if Fortune should attend, 
 The issue of the contest he desires, 
 More clearly to himself than to the king 
 Turnus, or king Latinus, [must] appear. 
 Through Latium such : which as he fully 
 
 sees. 
 The hero [of] Laomedontian [line] 
 Is wav'ring in a mighty tide of cares. 
 And now to this side, now to that, he shifts 
 His active spirit, and to sundry points 31 
 
 31. " Faster than spring-time showers, comes 
 
 thought on thought ; 
 And not a thought but thinks on dignity." 
 
 Shakespeare, 2 K. Henry VI., iii. i. 
 
V. 21 — 26. 
 
 BOOK VIII. 
 
 V. 26 — 32. 
 
 825 
 
 lie hurries it, and whirls it round through 
 
 all: 
 As when within the water's bronzen lips 
 The dancing light, rebounded from the sun, 
 Or from reflection of the beaming moon, 
 Through every region flutters far and near ; 
 And now beneath the air is glanced aloft. 
 And strikes the ceiling of the highest roof. 
 *Twas night, and jaded forms of life thro'out 
 
 33, " I shook for fear, and yet I danced for joy; 
 I had such motions as the sun-beams make 
 Against a wall, or playing on a water, 
 I Or trembling vapour of a Ixjiling pot, — 
 
 I That's not so good ; it should have been a crucible 
 
 With molten metal : she had understood it." 
 Ben Jonson, The Staple of News, ii. i. 
 
 Pamell has a beautiful image, ^in illustration of 
 an idea not very dissimilar : 
 j *' His hopes no more a certain prospect boast. 
 And all the tenor of his soul is lost : 
 So when a smooth expanse receives imprest 
 Calm Natiu-e's image on its watery breast, 
 Down bend the banks, the trees depending grow, 
 And skies beneath with answering colours glow : 
 But if a stone the gentle sea divide. 
 Swift ruffling circles curl on every side. 
 And glimmering fragments of a broken sun, 
 Banks, trees, and skies, in thick disorder run." 
 The Hermit. 
 See P. Fletcher's Purple Island, c. v. 47. 
 
 " A spacious lake below expanded lies. 
 And lends a mirror to the quiv'ring skies. 
 Here pendent domes, there dancing forests seem 
 To float and tremble in the waving gleam." 
 
 Langhorne, Sttidley Park. 
 
 The water in the text is said to :have " bronzen 
 lips," as the edges of the vessel, which confines it, 
 are of bronze. Sole (v. 23) is the image of the Sun. 
 
 39. " The curfew tolls the knell of parting day. 
 The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea, 
 The ploughman homeward plods his weary way, 
 And leaves the world to darkness and to me. 
 " Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight. 
 And all the air a solemn stillness holds. 
 Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight. 
 And drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds : 
 " Save that, from yonder ivy-mantled tower. 
 The moping owl does to the moon complain 
 Of such as, wandering near her secret bower. 
 Molest her ancient solitary reigpi." 
 
 Gray, Elegy, 1-3. 
 
 " 'Tis night, dead night, and weary Nature lies 
 So fast, as if she never were to rise. 
 No breath of wind now whispers through the 
 
 trees, 
 No noise at land, nor murmur in the seas ; 
 Lean wolves forget to howl at night's pale noon. 
 No wakeful dogs bark at the silent moon, 
 Nor bay the ghosts that glide with horror by, 
 To view the caverns where their bodies lie. 
 The ravens perch, and no presages give. 
 Nor to the windows of the dying cleave ; 
 The owls forget to scream ; no midnight sound 
 Calls drowsy Echo from the hollow ground. 
 In vaults the walking fires extinguish'd lie ; 
 The stars, heav'n's sentries, wink and seem to die : 
 Such universal silence spreads below. 
 Through the vast shades where I am doomed to 
 go." Lee, Theodosius, v. 2, 1-16. 
 
 All lands, the race of fowls and flocks, deep 
 
 sleep 40 
 
 Enthralled : when sire .(tineas on the bank. 
 And underneath the vault of icy heav'n, 
 In bosom troubled by the rueful war. 
 Lay down, and through his limbs gave late 
 
 repose. 
 To him the Genius of the place himself, 
 [The god] of Tiber, from his charming 
 
 stream, 
 In years advanced, among the poplar 
 
 leaves 
 
 Come, sleep, O sleep ! the certain knot of peace. 
 The baiting-place of wit, the balm of woe. 
 
 The poor man's wealth, the prisoner's release, 
 Th' indifferent judge between the high and 
 
 low." 
 Sir Philip Sidney, A strophel and Stella, xxxix. 
 
 " The drowsy night grows on the world, and now 
 The busy craftsman and o'erlabour'd hind 
 Forget the travel of the day in sleep : 
 Care only wakes, and moping pensiveness ; 
 With meagre discontented looks they sit, 
 And watch the wasting of the midnight taper. 
 Such vigils must I keep, so wakes my soul. 
 Restless and self-tormented." 
 
 Rowe, Jane Shore, ii. 3-10. 
 
 44. " But gentle Sleepe envyde him any rest ; 
 Instead thereof sad sorow and disdaine 
 Of his hard hap did vexe his noble brest. 
 And thousand fancies bett his ydle braine 
 
 With their light wings, the sights of semblants 
 vaine." Spenser, F. Q., iii. 4, 54. 
 
 " Here silken slumbers and refreshing sleepe 
 Were seldom found ; with quiet mindes those 
 
 keepe. 
 Not with disturbed thoughts ; the beds of kings 
 Are never prest by them : sweet rest inrings 
 The tyred body of the swarty clowne, 
 And oft'ner lies on flocks than softest downe." 
 Browne, Britannia' s Pastorals, ii. song i. 
 " When night bids Sleep, 
 Sweet nurse of nature, o'er the senses creep. 
 When Misery herself no more complains. 
 And slaves, if possible, forget their chains, 
 Though his sense weakens, though his eyes grow 
 
 dim. 
 The rest, which comes to all, comes not to him. 
 E'en at that hour Care, tyrant Care, forbids 
 The dew of sleep to fall upon his lids. 
 From night to night she watches at his bed ; 
 Now, as one mop'd, sits brooding o'er his head ; 
 Anon she starts, and, borne on raven's wings. 
 Croaks forth aloud, — 'Sleep was not made for 
 
 kings.* " Churchill, Gotham, b. iii. 
 
 The friends of /Eneas might here have wished 
 for him what Valentinian's attendants desired for 
 their emperor : 
 
 " Care-charming Sleep, thou easer of all woes. 
 Brother to Death, sweetly thyself dispose 
 On this aftlicted prince ; fall, like a cloud. 
 In gentle showers ; give nothing that is loud 
 Or painfulto his slumbers ; easy, sweet. 
 Ana as a purling stream, thou son of Night, 
 Pass by his troubled senses ; sing his pain. 
 Like hollow murmuring wind or silver rain : 
 Into this prince gently, oh, gently slide. 
 And kiss nim into slumbers like a bride." 
 
 J. Fletcher, ValentinioH, v. a. 
 Q 
 
226 
 
 V. 32—57. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 57—65. 
 
 Appeared to lift him up, — with sea-green 
 
 garb 
 
 Fine lawn enveloped him, and shady reed 
 
 His tresses veiled ; — then to accost him thus. 
 
 And take away his troubles by these words : 
 
 " O gendered from the race of gods, 
 
 thou who 52 
 
 Dost Troja's city from her foes restore 
 To us, and everlasting Pergamus 
 Dost guard ; O looked-for on Laurentine 
 
 ground 
 And Latin fields, here [lies] for thee assured 
 Thy home, assured Penates j shrink thou 
 
 not, 
 Nor be affrighted by the threats of war ; 
 All spleen and wrath of gods have passed 
 
 away. 
 And now by thee, — lest thou shouldst deem 
 
 that sleep 60 
 
 Shapes these its baseless [visions], — found 
 
 beneath 
 The holms upon my bank, a monstrous sow. 
 That has produced a brood of thirty young. 
 Shall lie, white, on the ground reclining, 
 
 white 
 Around her dugs the litter ; this shall prove 
 Thy city's site ; this, rest assured from toils : 
 From which [event] within thrice ten re- 
 turning years 
 Ascanius shall the city Alba build, 
 Of glorious name. No doubtful [truths] I 
 
 chant. 
 Now by what means what presses on may'st 
 
 thou 70 
 
 In triumph execute, in [words] a few, — 
 Give; heed, — I thee will teach. Arcadia's 
 
 sons 
 In these our coasts, — a race from Pallas 
 
 sprung. 
 Who [following] king Evander as his 
 
 mates. 
 Who following on his banners, have a site 
 Selected, and upon the mountains built 
 A city, Pallanteum, from the name 
 Of Pallas their progenitor, — these war 
 Unceasingly protract with Latium's race : 
 These to thy camp adjoin as thine allies. 
 And leagues compact. I thee will lead 
 
 myself 81 
 
 51. " She bids you 
 
 Upon the wanton rushes lay you down, 
 And rest your gentle head upon her lap. 
 And she will sing the song that pleaseth you, 
 And on your eyelids crown the god of sleep, 
 Charming your blood with pleasing heaviness ; 
 Making such difference 'twixt wake and sleep. 
 As is the dift'rence betwixt day and night. 
 The hour before the heav'nly-harness'd team 
 tegins his golden progress in the east." 
 
 Shakespeare, i K. Henry IV., iii. i. 
 
 Along my banks and runnel straight, that 
 
 thou 
 The tide opposing mayest with thy oars, 
 Upborne, surmount. Come, i-ouse thee, 
 
 goddess-born ! 
 And when first stars are setting duly bring 
 Thy prayers to Juno, and her wrath and 
 
 threats 
 By humble vows o'ercome. A conqueror 
 To me shalt thou pay homage. I am he, 
 Whom thou descriest with a brimming 
 
 flood 
 Grazing the banks, and sev'ring fruitful 
 
 tilths, 90 
 
 The azure Tiber, to the heav'ns a stream 
 Thrice welcome. Here to me a stately fane, 
 The head of lofty cities, towers forth." 
 
 88. This patronage of ^Eneas by father Tiber 
 was plainly not quite a disinterested affair (see 
 lines 92, 3) : his civilities had partly their origin in 
 vanity, as those of the river-god in Fletcher's 
 Faithful Shepherdess were due to another selfish 
 cause : 
 
 " I am this fountain's god : below 
 
 My waters to a river grow, 
 
 And 'twixt two banks with osiers set. 
 
 That only prosper in the wet. 
 
 Through the meadows do they glide. 
 
 Wheeling still on every side. 
 
 Sometimes winding round about. 
 
 To find the evenest channel out. 
 
 And if thou wilt go with me. 
 
 Leaving mortal company, 
 
 In the cool streams shalt thou lie. 
 
 Free from harm as well as I. 
 
 I will give thee for thy food 
 
 No fish that useth in the mud ; 
 
 But trout and pike, that love to swim. 
 
 Where the gravel from the brim 
 
 Through the pure streams may be seen ; 
 
 Orient pearl fit for a queen 
 
 Will I give, thy love to win. 
 
 And a shell to keep them in : 
 
 Not a fi.sh in all my brook 
 
 That shall disobey thy look ; 
 
 But, when thou wilt, come sliding by. 
 
 And from thy white hand take a fly : 
 
 And, to make thee understand 
 
 How I can my waves command. 
 
 They shall bubble whilst I sing. 
 
 Sweeter than the silver string." Act iii. i. 
 
 89. " O, could I flow like thee, and make thy 
 stream 
 My great example, as it is my theme ! 
 Though deep, yet clear ; though gentle, yet not 
 
 dull ; 
 Strong without rage, without o'erflowing full." 
 This celebrated allusion to the Thames, in Sir 
 John Denham's Cooper's Hill, is imitated by Prior, 
 speaking of the same river : 
 " Serene, yet strong ; majestic, yet sedate ; 
 Swift without violence, without terror great." 
 
 Carmen Seculare. 
 Even Hamilton must copy it, when writing an 
 Inscription on a Dog : 
 
 " Calm, though not mean ; courageous without 
 rage; 
 Serious, not dull, and without thinking sage." 
 
▼. 66—87. 
 
 The River spoke ; then in a pool profound 
 He plunged him, diving to its bed. The 
 
 night 
 And sleep i'Eneas left : he rises up, 
 And as he gazes on the dawning beams 
 Of th' empyrean sun, in hollow hands 
 The water duly from the flood upbears. 
 And such-like words outpours to heav'n : 
 
 " O Nymphs, ICXD 
 
 Laurentine Nymphs, whence streams have 
 
 birth, and thou, 
 O father Tiber, with thy holy tide, 
 Receive ^neas, and do ye at last 
 From dangers screen him. In whatever 
 
 spring 
 Thy lake holds thee, who dost compassion 
 
 feel 
 For our misfortunes ; from whatever ground 
 In fullest beauty thou art gushing forth ; 
 Aye with my homage, ever with my 
 
 gifts, 
 Shalt thou be honored, O horn-bearing 
 
 flood, 
 Lord of Hesperian waters. O be thou no 
 13ut present, and more nigh to me confirm 
 Thy heav'nly intimations !" Thus he 
 
 speaks. 
 And galleys twain of double bank he culls 
 From out the navy, and with oarage fits : 
 The same time furnishes the crews with 
 
 arms. 
 But lo ! an unexpected, and to view 
 A wondrous omen : — fair along the wood, 
 Like-hued with her white offspring, down 
 
 there lay, 
 And on the bank of green is spied, a sow : 
 Which good /Eneas sooth to thee, to thee 
 Slays, sovereign Juno, off ring holy rites. 
 And places at thy altar with her brood. 122 
 Tiber that night, however long it proves. 
 His swelling river calmed, and, tiding back 
 
 124. " Quoth he : ' Slide billows smoothly for her 
 sake, 
 Whose sight can make your aged Nereus young. 
 For her fair passage even alleys make. 
 And as the soft winds waft her sails along, 
 Sleek ev'ry little dimple of the lake. 
 Sweet Sirens, and be ready with your song.'" 
 Drayton, Barons' Wars, iii. 47. 
 
 •' Here waxt the windes dumbe (shut up in their 
 caves), 
 As still as midnight were the sullen waves. 
 And Neptune's silver ever-shaking brest 
 As smooth as when the halcyon builds her nest. 
 None other wrinckles on his face were seene 
 Than on a fertile meade, or sportive greene. 
 Where never plow-share ript his mother's wombe. 
 To give an aged seed a living tonibc ; 
 Nor blinded mole the fatning earth e'er stirr'd, 
 Nor boyes made pitfals for the hungry bird. 
 The whistling reeds upon the water's side 
 Shot up their sharp heads in a stately pride. 
 
 BOOK VIII. T. 87—101. a a7 
 
 With noiseless billow, so he came to rest, 
 
 That he, in fashion of a gentle plash 
 And stilly fen, might lay his surface low 
 Upon the waters, so that from the oar 
 Might strain be absent. Therefore they 
 
 their course, 
 Commenced, speed forward with a cheering 
 
 shout. 130 
 
 Glides through the streams the ointed fir ; 
 
 and waves 
 Are wond'ring, wonders th' unaccustomed 
 
 grove 
 At shields of warriors gleaming from afar, 
 And painted galleys swimming on the flood. 
 They with their rowing night alike and day 
 Tire out, and lengthful reaches overpass, 
 And are by sundry trees imbowered, and 
 
 thread 
 The verdant forests on the surface calm. 
 The sun the central circle of the sky 
 Had scaled, ablaze, what time from far the 
 
 walls, 140 
 
 And castle, and the houses' scattered roofs. 
 Do they behold, which now the Roman power 
 Hath matched with heaven : then the 
 
 scant domains 
 Evander held. They speedily their prows 
 Veer towards them, and the city they ap- 
 proach. 
 
 And not a bynding ozyer bow'd his head, 
 But on his roote him bravely carryed : 
 No dandling leafe plaid with the subtill ayre. 
 So smooth the sea was, and the skye so fayre." 
 Browne, Britannia's Pastorals, ii. 1. 
 
 " Calm were the elements, night's silence deep. 
 The waves scarce murmuring, and the winds 
 asleep." Dryden, Absalom and Achitophel . 
 
 125. " Either side 
 
 Was fenc'd by trees high-shadowing. The front 
 Look'd on a crystal pool, by fcathcr'd tribes 
 At ev'ry dawn frequented. From the springs 
 A small redundance fed a shallow brook. 
 O'er smoother pebbles rippling just to wake. 
 Not startle Silence, and the ear of Night 
 Entice to listen undisturb'd." 
 
 Glover, Leonidas, b. ii. 
 
 140. "Mark, how th' all-kindling orb 
 Meridian glory gains ! 
 
 Round Meru's breathing zone he winds oblique 
 O'er pure cerulean plains : 
 His jealous flames absorb 
 All meaner lights, and unresisted strike 
 The world with rapt'rous joy and dread. 
 Ocean, smit with melting pain. 
 Shrinks, and the fiercest monster of the main 
 Mantles in caves profound his tusky head. 
 With sea-weeds dank and coral .•■pread. 
 Less can mild Earth and her green daughters bear 
 The Moon's wide wasting glare : 
 To rocks the panther creeps ; to woody night 
 The vulture steals his flight ; 
 E'en cold cameleons pant in thickets dun, 
 And o'er the burning grit th' unwinged locusts 
 run." Sir William Jones, HytttH to Surya. 
 Q 2 
 
228 
 
 V. 102 — 115. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 115 — 138, 
 
 By chance that day a yearly sacrifice 
 The Arcad king t' Amphitryon's great son, 
 And to the gods, was ofiPring up before 
 The city in a grove. Along with him 
 Pallas his son, along with him were all 
 The foremost of the youths, and humble 
 
 senate, 151 
 
 Presenting frankincense ; and milk-warm 
 
 blood 
 Was steaming at the altars. When tall ships 
 They saw, and that amid the shady grove 
 They towards them stole, and leaned on 
 
 noiseless oars ; 
 They're startled by the sudden sight, and 
 
 all,— 
 The boards abandoned, — in a body rise. 
 Whom gallant Pallas to break off the rites 
 Forbids, and, with a weapon seized, himself 
 To meet them flies, and from a knoll afar : 
 " O youths, what cause hath forced you to 
 
 essay 161 
 
 Our unknown pathways ? Whither are ye 
 
 bound?" 
 He cries : ' ' Who [are you by] your race ? 
 
 Wherefpom, 
 Your home ? Is't peace ye hither bring, or 
 
 arms ?" 
 Then sire ^neas from the lofty stem 
 
 156. So Spenser beautifully describes Colin's as- 
 tonishment at the first sight of a ship (see note JEn. 
 V. /. 854) : 
 
 " For, as we stood there waiting on the strond, 
 Behold, an huge great vessell to us came, 
 Dauncing upon the waters back to lond, 
 As if it scornd the daunger of the same : 
 Yet was it but a wooden frame and fraile, 
 Glewed together with some subtile matter. 
 Yet had it armes and wings, and head and taile, 
 ■ And life to move itselfe upon the water. 
 
 Strange thing ! how bold and swift that monster 
 
 was. 
 That neither car'd for wynd, norhaile, nor raine, 
 Nor swelling waves, but thorough them did passe 
 So proudly, that she made them roare againe." 
 Colin Clouts Come Home Again. 
 
 T. Warton's swain is as much astonished as Pallas 
 and his companions : 
 
 " Sudden a burst of brightness smote my sight. 
 From arms and all th' imblazonry of war 
 Reflected far, while steeds, and men, and arms 
 Seem'd floating wide, and stretch'd in vast array 
 O'er the broad bosom of the big-swoln flood 
 That dashing roU'd its beamy waves between. 
 The banks promiscuous swarm'd with thronging 
 
 troops ; 
 These on the flood embarking, those appear'd 
 Crowding the adverse shore, already past. 
 All was confusion, all tumultuous din. 
 I trembled as I look'd, tho' far above. 
 And in one blaze their arms were blended bright 
 With the broad stream, while all the glist'ring 
 
 scene 
 The morn illum'd, and in one splendour clad." 
 Eclogue iv. 
 
 Thus speaks, and from his hand holds out 
 
 a branch 
 Of peaceful olive : " Sons of Troy, and 
 
 arms 
 Unfriendly to the Latins, dost thou see ; 
 Whom they by overbearing war have driven 
 To exile. We Evander seek. Bear these, 
 And tell him that Dardania's chosen chiefs 
 Have come, entreating for a league of 
 
 arms." 172 
 
 Amazed was Pallas, at so great a name 
 Deep-struck; ** O disembark, whoe'er thou 
 
 art," 
 Saith he, ** and face to face my sire address, 
 And pass beneath our dwellings as a guest ;" 
 And by the palm he caught him, and right 
 
 hand 
 Engrasping, clung thereto. As on they 
 
 paced. 
 The grove they enter, and the river quit. 
 
 ^neas then the king with friendly words 
 Accosts : *' O best of Grecia's sons, to 
 
 whom 181 
 
 Hath Fortune willed that I should offer 
 
 prayer. 
 And stretch before me boughs with fillet 
 
 trimmed ; 
 In sooth I have no apprehension felt. 
 For that thou [wert] a leader of the Greeks, 
 An Arcad also, and that from thy root 
 With Atreus' double offspring thou wert 
 
 linked ; 
 But me my merit, and the holy oracles 
 Of gods, and kindred fathers, thy renown 
 Noised through the lands, have knit to 
 
 thee, and brought 190 
 
 By fates, a willing [suitor]. Dardanus, 
 Of Ilium's city the primeval sire 
 And founder, from Electra, (as the Greeks 
 
 report,) 
 Of Atlas daughter sprung, to Teucer's sons 
 Is wafted ; gave Electra to the light 
 The highest Atlas, who the balls of heaven 
 Upon his shoulder props. You have for sire 
 
 193- 
 
 Atlas. 
 I 
 
 Jupiter= Electra. 
 Dardanus. 
 Ericthonius. 
 
 Tros, 
 Assaracus. 
 
 Capj's. 
 
 Anchises. 
 
 JEnca.s. 
 
 Maia= Jupiter. 
 Mercury. 
 Evander. 
 
V. 138—166. 
 
 BOOK VITL 
 
 V. 167 — 195. 
 
 Mercurius, whom, conceived, fair Maia bore 
 ( )n Cyllene's icy crest ; but Maia, if at all 
 Repose we trust in [legends we have] heard, 
 Atlas, the self-same Atlas, sires, he who 
 The constellations of the sky upholds. 202 
 Thus branches off the pedigree of both 
 From the one blood. Relying upon these, 
 Not [through] ambassadors, nor through 
 
 address. 
 Have I first proofs of thee devised : myself, 
 Myself, and my own life, have I myself 
 Exposed, and come a suitor to thy courts. 
 The selfsame Daunian clan, that pesters thee 
 With felon war, if us they may expel, 210 
 Believe that naught is lacking, but that they 
 May all Hesperia wholly bring beneath 
 Their yoke, and hold the sea, which doth 
 
 above. 
 And that which doth below against it wash. 
 Receive, and grant us, troth. There be 
 
 with us 
 Breasts bold in war ; there be [brave] souls. 
 And youth in actions tried." i?£neas said. 
 The other on the speaker's face and eyes. 
 And his whole person with his eye long 
 
 since 
 Kept poring. Then he thus few [words] 
 
 returns : 220 
 
 *' How thee, Ogallantest of Teucer's sons, 
 I welcome, and delighted recognize ! 
 How I thy mighty sire Anchises' words. 
 And voice, and visage, recollect ! For I 
 Remember that in visiting the realms 
 Of Hesione his sister, Priamus, 
 The offspring of Laomedon, in quest 
 Of Salamis, came farther on to see 
 Arcadia's icy bourns. Then dawn of youth 
 My cheeks was mantling over with its 
 
 bloom ; 230 
 
 And I with wonder gazed upon the chiefs 
 Of Teucer's sons ; I gazed with wonder, too, 
 On th' offspring of Laomedon himself : 
 But statelier than all Anchises walked. 
 My spirit burned with youthful love t' accost 
 The hero, and to link right hand to right. 
 I went up to him, and in eagerness 
 'Neath Pheneus' walls I led him. He to me 
 A noted quiver and its Lycian shafts, 
 
 235. " Pardon, dread princess, that I made some 
 scruple 
 To leave a valley of security. 
 To mount up to the hill of majesty. 
 On which, the nearer Jove, the nearer lightning. 
 What knew I, but your grace made trial of me ; 
 Durst I presume to embrace, where but to touch 
 With an unmanner'd hand, was death ? The fox, 
 When he saw first the forest's king, the lion, 
 Was almost dead with fear ; the second view 
 Only a little daunted him ; the third, 
 He durst salute him boldly." 
 
 Massinger, The Virgin-Martyr, i. i. 
 
 M9 
 
 At his departure gave, a mantle too, 240 
 With gold inwove, and twain gold bits, 
 
 which now 
 My Pallas hath. Then both,— that which 
 
 ye seek, — 
 Right hand by me united is in league ; 
 And soon as ever shall to-morrow's dawn 
 Restore her to the lands, with succor I 
 Will send you blithe away, and with my 
 
 means 
 Will help. Meanwhile these holy [rites], 
 
 — since ye 
 Have hither come as friends, — [these] 
 
 yearly [rites]. 
 Which to delay were crime, do ye observe 
 In kindness with us, and yourselves e'en 
 now 250 
 
 Accustom to the boards of your allies." 
 When these were said, the viands and 
 the cups, 
 Which were withdrawn, h^ bids to be re- 
 placed, 
 And he himself upon a turfy seat 
 The men disposes, and distinguished by a 
 
 cushion 
 And hide of shaggy lion, he receives 
 yEneas, and invites him to a throne 
 Of maple. Then choice youths in rivalry. 
 And th' altar-priest, bear roasted flesh of 
 
 bulls. 
 And heap in baskets labored Ceres' gifts. 
 And Bacchus they purvey, y^neas feasts. 
 And with him Troja's youth, upon the chine 
 And cleansing inwards of a solid ox. 263 
 As soon as hunger was removed, and 
 checked 
 Desire of eating, king Evander saith : 
 "Not these our yearly [rites] on us, these 
 
 feasts 
 In customed form, this altar of a power 
 So mighty, hath a superstition vain. 
 And heedless of the ancient gods, enjoined : 
 From cruel dangers saved, O Trojan guest. 
 Perform we them, and honors earned 
 renew. 271 
 
 Now firstly, poised on crags, this rock 
 
 behold : 
 How are the masses scattered far abroad. 
 And stands forlorn the mansion of the 
 
 mount. 
 And cliffs have trailed a vasty wreck I 
 
 Here stood 
 A cave, withdrawn within a huge recess. 
 Which the half-human Cacus' awful shape 
 Would occupy, by sunbeams imapproached : 
 
 277. Or, taking semihominis in its physical 
 meaning — a doubtful view — 
 
 " Which the dread shape of Cacus, half a man.** 
 
230 
 
 V. 195 — -23- 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 223 — 246. 
 
 And aye with murder fresh the ground was 
 
 warm, 
 And, pinned upon the prideful gates, the 
 
 heads 280 
 
 Of men hung ghastly with their rueful gore. 
 This monster's sire was Vulcan : of that [sire] 
 The sooty flames disgorging from his mouth. 
 With giant bulk he moved him on. Time 
 
 brought 
 To us, too, at the last, as fain we wished. 
 The succor and arrival of a god. 
 For th' arch-avenger with the death and 
 
 spoils 
 Of triple Geryon proud, Alcides, came. 
 And conqu'ror drove this way his mon- 
 ster bulls : 
 Beeves occupied alike the vale and stream. 
 But Cacus' spirit, through the furies wild, 
 Lest aught there had been or of crime, or 
 
 craft, 292 
 
 Unhazarded or unessayed, four bulls 
 Of peerless figure from the grounds drives 
 
 off, 
 As many heifers of surpassing shape ; 
 And these, — lest any footmarks lie with 
 
 hoofs 
 Direct, — dragged towards the cavern by 
 
 the tail, 
 And, hurried with their tracks upon the 
 
 paths 
 Reversed, he hid within the gloomy rock. 
 No traces for the searcher cave-ward led. 
 Meanwhile when now his satiated droves 
 Amphitryo's son was shifting from their 
 
 grounds, 302 
 
 And making ready a retreat, the beeves 
 At their departure low, and all the wood 
 Was filled with plaints, and with their cry 
 
 the hills 
 AVere quitted. Of the kine did one return 
 The sound, and bellowed 'neath the mon- 
 ster den, 
 And balked the hope of Cacus [though] 
 
 injailed. 
 Here sooth Alcides' choler had blazed out 
 In frenzies from his inky gall. He grasps 
 His weapons in his hand and [club of] oak. 
 Weighted with knots, and at full speed he 
 
 seeks 312 
 
 The skyish mountain heights. Then first 
 
 our men 
 Saw Cacus quailing, and in eyes dismayed. 
 
 311. " But for that damn'd magician, let him be girt 
 With all the grisly legions that troop 
 Under the sooty flag of Acheron ; 
 Harpies and Hydras, or all the monstrous forms 
 'Twixt Africa and Ind, — I'll find him out, 
 And force him to return his purchase back, 
 
 ' Or drag him by the curls to a foul death, 
 Curs'd as his life." Milton, Comus. 
 
 Straight posts he fleeter than the eastern 
 
 gale. 
 And seeks the cave : Fear lent his feet her 
 
 wings. 
 Soon as he shut him up, and, when the 
 
 chains 
 Were brast, he lowered down the monstrous 
 
 stone 
 Which hung thro' iron and his father's skill, 
 And strengthened with a bar, secured the 
 
 doors : 320 
 
 Lo ! storming in his soul Tirynthius came, 
 And, every inlet scanning, to and fro 
 He flung his glances, gnashing with his 
 
 teeth. 
 Thrice, hot with anger, scans he the whole 
 
 mount 
 Of Aventinus ; thrice the rocky gates. 
 Essays in vain ; thrice, weary, in the vale 
 Sat down. There stood a pointed [cliff of] 
 
 flint,— 
 The rocks cut sheer on every quarter,— o'er 
 The cavern's chine uprising, to be seen 
 Of passing height, for nests of boding birds 
 Meet homestead. This, as beetling with 
 
 its crest, 331 
 
 'Twas leaning towards the river on the left. 
 He on the right, against it straining, shook, 
 And, loosened, wrenched from out its 
 
 deepest roots ; 
 Then suddenly thereto an impulse gave ; 
 With which his impulse in its length and 
 
 breadth 
 Peals ^Ether, leap apart the banks, and back 
 The river runs affrighted. But the den, 
 And royal court of Cacus, stript of roof. 
 Appeared enormous, and the shady vaults 
 Lay open deep within : not otherwise 341 
 Than if by any power deep within 
 Should yawning earth unlock her hellish 
 
 homes. 
 And ghastly realms reveal, by gods ab- 
 horred. 
 And from above the hideous pit be kenned, 
 And Manes shudder at the light let in. 
 
 316. Spenser has the same idea in more places 
 than one : 
 
 " Thereto fear gave her wings, and need het 
 courage taught." P. Q., iii. 7, 26. 
 
 " It needlesse was to bid the flood pursue ; 
 Anger gave wings." 
 
 Browne, Britannia's Pastorals, ii. 3. 
 " Mistrust now wing'd his feet, then raging ire, 
 * For speede comes ever lamely to desire.' " 
 
 Ibid. ii. 4. 
 
 346. Dryden plainly borrows the idea, to illus- 
 trate the mischief done to ships by a cannonade ; 
 Annus Mirabilis, 128 : 
 
 " Their open'd sides received a gloomy light. 
 Dreadful as day let into shades below." 
 
V. 247 — 266. 
 
 BOOK VIII. 
 
 T. 266—285. 
 
 331 
 
 Therefore, surprised in unexpected day 
 Upon a sudden, and injailed inside 
 The hollow rock, and raising wontless roars, 
 Alcides whelms him from above with darts, 
 And every weapon summons to [his aid], 
 And him with stocks and monster stones 
 
 he plies. 352 
 
 But he, — for neither is there furthermore 
 Now any flight from danger, — from his jaws 
 Prodigious smoke, — a marvel to be told, 
 Spews forth, and wraps his home in blinding 
 
 murk, 
 The eyes of view bereaving, and enspheres 
 Within the den a smoky night, — with fire 
 The darkness blent. Alcides brooked it not 
 In passion, and himself e'en through the fire 
 He flung with headlong spring, where 
 
 thickest smoke 361 
 
 Its billow drives, and with a pitchy cloud 
 The vasty cavern waves. He Cacus here 
 In darkness, idle burnings spewing, grasps. 
 Twisting him to a knot, and grappling 
 
 screws 
 His started eyeballs, and his blood-dry 
 
 throat. 
 Forthwith is opened, with its doors 
 
 wrenched off. 
 The grisly dwelling ; and the stolen kine. 
 And plunder oath-denied, are to the heaven 
 Displayed, and by the feet the shapeless 
 
 corse 370 
 
 Is dragged abroad. Their hearts cannot 
 
 be cloyed 
 By poring o'er the fearful eyes, the face, 
 
 and breast, 
 
 Ben Jonson, speaking of Rome : 
 
 " She builds in gold, and to the stars. 
 As if she threaten'd heav'n with wars ; 
 And seeks for hell in quarries deep, 
 Giving the fiends, that there do keep, 
 A hope of day." 
 
 Catiline, Chorus, end of act L 
 Gifford traces this to Petronius Arbiter. (See 
 T. Petronii Arb. Satyricon. Amstel. 1669, p. 431.) 
 
 351. Ramis (v. 250) as plainly means trunks of 
 trees, as molaribus does not mean miii-stones. 
 
 355. P. Fletcher, of the Dragon: 
 " Out of his gorge a hellish smoke he drew 
 
 That all the field with foggy mist enwraps : 
 As when Tiphacus from his paunch doth spew 
 Black-smothering flames, roU'd in loud thunder- 
 claps ; 
 The pitchy vapours choke the shining ray. 
 And bring dull night upon the smiling 
 day." Purple Island, xii. 23. 
 
 370. " Come forth, you seed of sulphur, sons of fire! 
 Your stench it is broke forth ! Abomination 
 
 Is in the house." Ben Jonson, Alchemist, v. i. 
 
 371, 2. " And after, all the raskall many ran. 
 Heaped together in rude rablement. 
 
 To see the face of that victorious man. 
 Whom all admired as from Heaven sent. 
 
 "With bristles shaggy, of the demi-brute, 
 And at the blazes quenched within his 
 
 jaws. 
 Thenceforward is the worship solemnised, 
 And glad posterity have kept the day ; 
 Potitius, too, the leading founder was, 
 And, guardian of the rite to Hercules, 
 Pinarius' house. This altar in the grove 
 He reared, which ever ' Greatest ' shall be 
 
 called 380 
 
 By us, and which shall greatest ever be. 
 Then come, O youths, do ye, in sacrifice 
 For such high merits, with the leaf enring 
 Your tresses, and the cups in your right 
 
 hands 
 Stretch forth, and call upon our common 
 
 god. 
 And wines present him freely." He had 
 
 said, 
 When twain-hued poplar with Herculean 
 
 shade 
 Both decked his locks, and, laced with 
 
 leafage, hung ; 
 A holy goblet, too, his right hand filled. 
 At once they all upon the board in joy 
 Pour out libations, and the gods entreat. 
 
 Meanwhile in th' empyrean sinking down 
 The eve is nigher brought : and now the 
 
 priests 393 
 
 And, at their head, Potitius, marched along. 
 With skins, according to their fashion, 
 
 clad. 
 And torches carried. They renew the feast, 
 And welcome off'rings of the second board 
 Present, and with their laden dishes pile 
 The altars. Then the Salian [priests] for 
 
 chants 
 
 And gaz'd upon with gaping wonderment. 
 But when they came where that dead dragon lay, 
 Stretcht on the ground in monstrous large extent. 
 The sight with ydle feare did them dismay, 
 Ne durst approch him nigh, to touch, or once essay. 
 
 " Some feard, and fledd ; some feard, and well it 
 fayned : 
 One, that would wiser seeme then all the rest, 
 Warnd him not touch, for yet perhaps remaynd 
 Some lingring life within his hollow brest. 
 Or in his wombe might lurke some hidden nest 
 Of many dragonettes, his fruitfull seede ; 
 Another saide, that in his eyes did rest 
 Yet sparckling fyre, and badd thereof take heed ; 
 
 Another said, he saw him move his eyes indeed. 
 
 " One mother, wheras her foolehardy chyld 
 Did come too neare, and with his talants play, 
 Halfe dead through feare, her little babe revyled. 
 And to her gossibs gan in counsel] say : 
 * How can 1 tell, but that his talants may 
 Yet scratch my sonne, or rend his tender hand? 
 So diversly themselves in vaine they fray ; 
 While some more bold to mc-^ure him nigh stand. 
 
 To prove how many acres he did spred of land." 
 Spenser, F. Q., i. xa, 9-11. 
 
232 
 
 V. 285 — 311' 
 
 THE yENEID. 
 
 V. 311—339- 
 
 The blazing altars round, appear en- 
 wreathed 400 
 Upon their brows with poplar branches : 
 
 this— 
 A choir of striplings, that — of aged [sires], 
 Who in their hymn the lauds of Hercules, 
 And his achievements, celebrate : how first 
 His step-dame's monster-forms and pair 
 
 of snakes. 
 Crushing them in his hand, he strangled ; 
 
 how 
 In war choice cities he, the same, o'erthrew, 
 Both Troja and CEchalia ; how sore toils, 
 A thousand, under king Eurystheus, he 
 Endured through doom of Juno the unjust. 
 " Thou, O unconquerable [hero, slay'st] 
 The children of the cloud, of double limb, 
 Hylaeus e'en, and Pholus, with thy hand : 
 Thou the monstrosities of Crete dost slay, 
 And lion huge beneath Nemea's rock. 415 
 At thee have quaked the Stygian pools ; 
 
 at thee 
 Hell's porter, cow'ring o'er half-eaten bones 
 Within his gory cavern ; neither thee 
 Have any shapes, not e'en Typhseus, scared, 
 A giant grasping weapons ; not devoid 
 Of pow'r of thought did thee beset around 
 The snake of Lerna with his host of heads. 
 All hail ! indisputable son of Jove, 423 
 Thou glory added to the pow'rs divine ! 
 Alike to us, and thine own holy [rites]. 
 Draw near propitious with a fav'ring step." 
 The like [exploits] they celebrate in songs : 
 Above them all do they subjoin the cave 
 Of Cacus, e'en himself too, puffing forth 
 With blazes. All the woodland with the din 
 Rings out in concert, and the hills rebound. 
 Thereon, — the holy services complete, — 
 They all betake them to the city back. 433 
 On fared the monarch, overwhelmed with 
 
 age. 
 And in his company ^Eneas, and his son 
 Close kept he to him as he foots along. 
 And eased the way with manifold discourse, 
 iEneas marvels, and his ready eyes 
 Round all he throws, and by the spots is 
 charmed. 
 
 411. This transition from the third to the second 
 
 person is copied by Milton ; as is remarked in Trol- 
 
 lope's Anthon's Virgil : 
 
 " Both tum'd, and under open sky adored 
 The God that made both sky, air, earth, and 
 
 heaven, 
 Which they beheld ; the moon's resplendent globe. 
 And starry pole : Thou also mad'st the night. 
 Maker Omnipotent, and Thou the day." 
 
 P. L., b. iv. 
 422. Spenser has a grand description of a 
 
 Dragon, and the Red Cross Knight's victory over 
 
 him ; F.Q., i. u, 8-14, &c. 
 
 And one by one in joy both searches out, 
 And hears, the legends of the men of yore. 
 Then king Evander, founder of the tower 
 Of Rome: "These groves the native 
 
 Fauns and Nymphs 443 
 
 Were used t' inhabit, and a race of men 
 Born from the boles [of trees] and sturdy 
 
 oak : 
 Who had nor rule, nor elegance [of life] ; 
 Nor bulls to yoke, or gather wealth, they 
 
 knew, 
 Or spare their gains : but branches and 
 
 the chase. 
 Rugged in sustenance, purveyed support. 
 First Saturn came from empyrean heaven, 
 Flying Jove's arms, and from his wrested 
 
 realm 45 1 
 
 An exile. He the race untaught, and spread 
 Through lofty mountains, settled, and 
 
 their laws 
 Vouchsafed, and ' Latium ' chose them to 
 
 be called. 
 Since latent in these coasts he safe had 
 
 lain. 
 The golden age, whereof they tell, was 
 
 'neath that king : 
 He so in calm of peace the nations ruled ; 
 Till step by step a worse, and tarnished 
 
 age, 
 And rage for war, and lust of gain ensued. 
 Then came the Auson host, and Sic'ly's 
 
 clans ; 460 
 
 And Saturn's land too often laid aside 
 Her name. Then kings, and Tybris, rough 
 
 with frame 
 Immense ; from whom have we Italians next 
 The river by the title Tyber called ; 
 Old Albula hath lost its real name. 
 Myself, forth driven from my native land, 
 And following the ocean's utmost [bounds], 
 Almighty Fortune and resistless Fate 
 Have in these regions placed, and me have 
 
 forced 
 My mother nymph Carmentis' warnings 
 
 dread, 470 
 
 And her inspirer-god Apollo." Scarce 
 These [words] were spoken : then advanc- 
 ing on 
 He shows him both the altar, and the gate, 
 Which Romans by the name " Carmental " 
 
 call. 
 
 459. " But violence can never longer sleep 
 Than human passions please. In ev'ry heart 
 Are sown the sparks that kindle fiery war : 
 Occasion needs but fan them, and they blaze." 
 Cowper, Task, b. v. 
 
 468. " Since fate inevitable 
 
 Subdues us, and omnipotent decree. 
 The victor's will." Milton, P. L., b. ii. 
 
V. 339—363. 
 
 BOOK VIII, 
 
 T. 363 — 386. 
 
 333 
 
 The Nymph Carmentis' compliment of old, 
 Presageful prophetess, who chanted first 
 That the /Eneadoe would great become, 
 And Pallanteum famous. Farther on 
 The mighty grove, which mettled Romulus 
 I'^ntitled the "Asylum," and beneath 480 
 An icy cliff '* Lupercal" points he out. 
 According to Parrhasian fashion called 
 IVom the Lycaean Pan. E'en, too, does he 
 Point out the hallowed Argiletura's wood, 
 And calls the place to witness, and the 
 
 death 
 Of his guest Argus he explains. Thence 
 
 leads 
 To the Tarpeian hold and Capitol, 
 Now golden, bristling erst with savage 
 
 brakes. 
 Already then dread rev'rence for the spot 
 The quaking peasants awed ; already then 
 They shuddered at the forest and the 
 
 rock. 
 "This grove, this hill," saith he, "with 
 
 leafy crest, — 492 
 
 What god, it is unsure, — a god doth haunt : 
 Th' Arcadians hold that Jove himself 
 
 they've seen, 
 When oft his darkling ^Egis he would shake 
 In his right hand, and thunder-clouds 
 
 arouse. 
 Moreover these two towns with scattered 
 
 walls, 
 Remnants and records of the men of old, 
 Thou see'st. This castle father Janus, — 
 
 that. 
 Did Saturn build : Janiculum of one, 500 
 Saturnia of the other, was the name." 
 With such like talk between them up they 
 
 came 
 To poor Evander's palace, and at large 
 His herds saw lowing both throughout 
 The Roman Forum and the grand Carine. 
 When reached they his abodes ; ' ' These 
 
 gates," saith he, 
 " Alcides conqu'ror entered : him this court 
 
 481. As the Arcadians in Greece called Pan Ly- 
 ccEus from their mountain of that name, which was 
 sacred to him, as being his supposed haunt ; so 
 Evander and his Arcadians in Italy, having conse- 
 crated the cave in the Palatine Mount to Pan, called 
 it Lupercal from lupus ; Lycceus being akin in 
 form to \w#co5, and hence suggesting the word lupus, 
 
 488. Nunc and olim (v. 348) might now be inter- 
 changed with too much truth : 
 
 " Fall'n, fall'n, a silent heap ; her heroes all 
 Sunk in their urns ; behold the pride of pomp. 
 The throne of nations fall'n ; obscur'd in dust ; 
 E'en yet majesiical." 
 
 " Rent palaces, crush'd columns, rifled moles, 
 Fanes roU'd on fanes, and tombs on buried 
 tombs." Dyer, Ruins of Rome. 16. 
 
 Received. O guest, dare riches to despise, 
 And mould thee also worthy of the god : 
 And come not churlish to our poor estate." 
 He said, and 'neath his narrow mansion's 
 
 roof 511 
 
 The great iEneas led, and set him down, 
 Cushioned upon a carpeting of leaves, 
 And on the skin of a Libystine bear. 
 
 Night posts, and folds the earth with 
 
 ebon wings. 
 But Venus, not in mind without a cause 
 A mother scared, and by Laurentines* 
 
 threats. 
 And ruffian uproar roused, Vulcan accosts, 
 And from her husband's golden bed she 
 
 these begins, 
 And o'er her accents breathes a heav'nly 
 
 love : 520 
 
 " While in their warfare the Argolic kings 
 Were laying waste the fated Pergamus, 
 And, doomed to fall by hostile flames, its 
 
 towers, 
 Not any succor for its wretched [sons]. 
 Not weapons of thy skill and power I 
 
 asked ; 
 Nor thee, O dearest consort, or thy toils, 
 Have I been willing idly to employ ; 
 Though both to Priam's sons full much I 
 
 owed. 
 And oft Eneas' sore distress had wept. 
 He now at Jove's behests hath settled down 
 On the Rutulians' coasts : then I the same 
 A suitress come, and of thy deity, revered 
 By me, arms crave, a mother for a son. 
 Thee Nereus' daughter, thee Tithonus' 
 
 spouse 534 
 
 Could bend by tears. Behold, what hordes 
 
 combine. 
 What towns with bolted gates the falchion 
 
 whet 
 
 508. " Yet once a-day drop down a gentle look 
 On the great molehill, and with nitying eye 
 Survey the busy emmets round the heap. 
 Crowding and bustling in a thousand forms 
 
 Of strife and toil, to purchase wealth and fame, 
 A bubble or a dust : then call thy thoughts 
 Up to thyself to feed on joys unknown. 
 Rich without gold, and great without renown." 
 Watts, True Monarchy. 
 
 509. " Pleasure has charms : but so has Virtue too. 
 One skims the surface, like the swallow's wing. 
 And scuds away unnotic'd. T'other nymph. 
 Like spotless swans in solemn majesty. 
 Breasts the pale surge, and leaves long light 
 
 behind." Walpole, Mysterious Mother, ii. 4. 
 
 515. " For now began 
 
 Night with her sullen wings to double-shade 
 The desert." Milton, P. R., b. i. end. 
 
 Glover has a different image : 
 
 "In sable vesture, spangled o'er with stars. 
 The Night assum'd her throne." 
 
 Leonidas, ix. x, a. 
 
234 
 
 V. 386 — 40I- 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 402 — 427. 
 
 'Gainst me, and [for] the overthrow of 
 
 mine !" 
 She said, and in her snowy arms, this side 
 And that, the goddess, as he hesitates, 
 Infolds him warmly with a soft embrace. 
 He suddenly received the wonted flame. 
 And the known heat his marrow pierced, 
 
 and coursed 542 
 
 Through melting bones. No less than 
 
 when at times 
 With flashing thunder burst, the chink of 
 
 fire. 
 In brightness gleaming, races through the 
 
 clouds. 
 His spouse perceived it, blithesome in her 
 
 wiles, 
 And of her beauty conscious. Then the sire. 
 Enchained in everlasting passion, speaks : 
 ** Why seekest thou for reasons from the 
 
 deep? 
 Whither, O goddess, hath thy trust in me 
 Departed ? Had there been the like con- 
 cern, 551 
 Then also lawful had it been for us 
 To arm the Trojans ; nor th^^almighty sire, 
 Nor destinies forbade that' Troy should 
 
 stand. 
 And Priam through ten other years survive. 
 And now, if thou to battle dost prepare, 
 And this is thy resolve, engage can I 
 Whate'er there be of travail in my craft, 
 
 544. Spenser employs the idea for a similar 
 purpose ! 
 
 " As the bonilasse passed bye, 
 Hey, ho, the bonilasse ! 
 She rovde at mee with glauncing eye, 
 
 As cleare as the cristall glasse : . . . . 
 Or as the thonder cleaves the cloudes, 
 
 Hey, ho, the thonder ! 
 Wherein the lightsome levin shroudes ; 
 So cleaves thy soul asonder." 
 
 Shepheards Calender, August. 
 Differently in Faerie Queene, iii. 11-25 • 
 " 'Tis listening fear and dumb amazement all : 
 When to the startled eye the sudden glance 
 Appears far south, eruptive through the cloud ; 
 And falling slower, in explosion vast. 
 The thunder raises his tremendous voice. 
 At first, heard solemn o'er the verge of Heaven, 
 The tempest growls ; but, as it nearer comes, 
 And rolls its awful burden on the wind, 
 ■ The lightnings flash a larger curve, and more 
 The noise astounds : till overhead a sheet 
 Of livid flame discloses wide : then shuts. 
 And opens wider ; shuts and opens still 
 Expansive, wrapping ether in a blaze. 
 Follows the loosen'd, aggravated roar, 
 Enlarging, deepening, mingling ; peal on peal 
 Crush'd horrible, convulsing heaven and earth." 
 Thomson, Sunttner, 
 " Her cheeks bewraying 
 As many amorous blushings, which brake out 
 Like forced lightning from a troubled cloud." 
 Shirley, TAe Maid's Revenge, i. 2. 
 
 In iron what is able to be wrought. 
 
 Or in the flux electrum, how so far 560 
 
 As fires and blasts have force : by suing 
 
 cease 
 To cast a doubt upon thy pow'rs." These 
 
 words 
 He having said, the wished embraces gave, 
 And, thrown upon the bosom of his spouse, 
 He courted balmy slumber through his 
 
 limbs. 
 Then soon as maiden rest, in mid career 
 Of night, now chased away, had banished 
 
 sleep, 
 When first the dame, on whom to nurture 
 
 life 
 By distaff and Minerva scant 'tis laid, 
 The embers and the drowsed fires awakes, 
 Night adding to her work, and by the lights 
 Her maids with tedious task she plies, that 
 
 she 572 
 
 Unsullied may be able to maintain 
 Her husband's bed, and tiny children rear : 
 Not otherwise, nor slower in that hour. 
 The lord of fire springs up from downy 
 
 couch 
 To his artistic works. An isle, hard by 
 Sicania's side and the ^olian Lipare, 
 Is elevated, steep with smoking rocks ; 
 'Neath which a cave, and, eaten to the 
 
 heart 580 
 
 By Cyclops' forges, its ^tnean dens 
 Thunder, and lusty dints, on stithies heard, 
 Return a groan, and hiss within the vaults 
 The Chalybs' bars, and in the furnaces 
 Fire pants ; — the home of Vulcan, and the 
 
 land 
 " Vulcania " by its title. Hither then 
 The lord of fire came down from heav'n on 
 
 high. 
 Iron were working in their monster den 
 The Cyclops, — Brontes e'en, and Steropes, 
 And, stript in limbs, Pyracmon. In their 
 
 hands, 590 
 
 Unfashioned, with a part now burnished off, 
 A levin-bolt there lay ; full many which 
 
 569. " Minerva, skilful goddess, train'd the maid 
 To twirle the spindle by the twisting thread ; 
 To fix the loom, instruct the reeds to part, 
 Cross the long weft, and close the web with art." 
 Parnell, Hesiod. 
 592. " Above our atmosphere's intestine wars 
 Rain's fountain-head, the magazine of hail ; 
 Above the northern nests of feather'd snows. 
 The brew of thunders and the flaming forge 
 That forms the crooked lightning : above the caves. 
 Where infant tempests wait their growing wings. 
 And tune their tender voices to that roar, 
 Which soon, perhaps, shall shake a guilty world ; 
 Above misconstrued omens of the sky, 
 Far-travell'd comets' calculated blaze ; 
 Elance thy thought, and think of more than man." 
 Young, The Complaint, N, ix. 
 
V. 427—447. 
 
 BOOK VIII. 
 
 V. 447— 45«. 
 
 »35 
 
 From the whole welkin doth the father hurl 
 Adown upon the lands : part incomplete 
 Remained. Three rayons of the writhen 
 
 shower, 
 Three, had they added, of the wat'ry cloud, 
 Of vermeil fire and winged Auster three. 
 Now flashes horror-fraught, and din and 
 
 fear, 
 They in their work were blending, anger 
 
 too. 
 With dogging flames. Elsewhere for Mars 
 They both a chariot and its flying wheels 6oi 
 Were 'speeding, wherewithal he rouses men, 
 Wherewith the cities ; and the -^gis, dread 
 Inspiring, the impassioned Pallas' arms. 
 In rivalry with scales of snakes and gold 
 Were furbishing, and serpents interlinked. 
 And e'en the Gorgon on the goddess' breast, 
 Her eyeballs rolling, with a severed neck. 
 *' Away with all !" he cries, " and put aside 
 The toils that are commenced, ye Cyclops, 
 
 [brood] 
 Of ^tna, and attention hither turn : 6i i 
 Arms for a gallant hero must be made. 
 There's now employment for your powers, 
 
 now 
 For lively hands, now for all master-skill : 
 Fling, fling away delays!" Nor more he said; 
 But they all promptly bent [them to the 
 
 task]. 
 And shared alike the travail. Run in rills 
 Bronze and a mine of gold, and wounding 
 
 steel 
 In the huge furnace melts. A mighty shield 
 
 S9S. " He saw them in their forms of battle ranged, 
 How qu\ck they wheel'd, and flying behind them 
 
 shot 
 Sharp sleet of arrowy showers against the face 
 Of their pursuers." Milton, P. R.^ b. iii. 
 
 " Now the storm begins to lour, 
 
 (Haste, the loom of hell prepare,) 
 Iron sleet of arrowy shower 
 Hurtles in the darken'd air." 
 
 Gray, Fatal Sisters, i. 
 
 " Nay more, my lord, the masks are made so 
 strong. 
 That I myself upon them scaled the heavens. 
 And boldly walked about the middle region ; 
 Where, in the province of the meteors, 
 1 saw the cloudy shops of hail and rain, 
 Garners of snow, and crystals full of dew ; 
 Rivers of burning arrows, dens of dragons, 
 Huge beams of flames, and spears like fire- 
 brands." Brewer, Lingua, ii. 6. 
 
 6i8, " High on the plain, in many cells prepared. 
 That underneath had veins of liquid fire 
 Sluiced from the lake, a second multitude 
 With wondrous art founded the massy ore, 
 Severing each kind, and scumm'd the bullion dross : 
 A third as soon had form'd within the ground 
 A various mould, and from the boiling cells 
 By strange conveyance ftll'd each hollow nook." 
 Milton, P. L., b. i. 
 
 They bring to shape, a single one, to meet 
 The Latins' every dart ; and sevenfold disks 
 Dovetail in disks. In gusty bellows some 
 Admit the breezes, and discharge them 
 
 back ; 623 
 
 Some dip the screeching bronzes in the pool, 
 With their implanted stithies groans the 
 
 cave. 
 They 'tween them with gigantic force their 
 
 arms 
 Upheave to rhythmic measure, and they 
 
 turn, 
 And turn again, with griping tongs the 
 
 block. 
 While these in coasts yEolian Lemnos' 
 
 sire 629 
 
 Hastes on, Evander from his lowly home 
 Boon light awakes, and early songs of birds 
 
 622. "And eke the breathfule bellowes blew 
 amaine." Spenser, F. Q., iv. 5, 36. 
 
 See note on Geo. iv. /. 235. 
 
 631. Wagner says: " Audivi tanten homines 
 ■ntsticanos ajffirmantes, s«pe se hirundinum garri- 
 entium strepitu e somno excitari." There is no 
 doubt that many others also have been awaked in 
 the same way ; the author certainly has suffered 
 the annoyance himself. Martens and swallows are 
 exceedingly noisy at break of day, especially when 
 engaged in building. 
 
 The British poets contain many passages of ^eat 
 beauty, descriptive of the early morning music of 
 the feathered creation : 
 
 " Me mette thus in my bed all naked. 
 And looked forth, for I was waked 
 With smale foules a great hepe 
 That had afraied me out of my slcpe, 
 Through noise and sweetness of hir song ; 
 And as me mette, they sat among 
 Upon my chamber roofe without 
 Upon the tyles over all about." 
 
 Chaucer, Booke 0/ the Dutchesse. 
 
 " Wake now, my love, awake ; for it i& time ; 
 The rosy Morne long since left Tithons bed, 
 AUready to her silver coche to clyme ; 
 And Phoebus gins to shew his glorious bed. 
 Hark ! how the cheerefuU birds do chaunt their 
 
 laies. 
 And carroU of loves praise. 
 The merry larke hir mattins sings aloft ; 
 The thrush replyes ; the mavis descant playes; 
 The ouzell shrills ; the ruddock warbles soft ; 
 So goodly all agree, with sweet consent. 
 To this dayes merriment." 
 
 Spenser, Epithalamion. 
 
 " Then from her bumish'd gate the goodly glitt'r- 
 
 ing east 
 Gilds every lofty top, which late the humorous 
 
 night 
 Bespangled had with pearl, to please the morn- 
 ing's sight : 
 On which the mirthful quires, with their clear 
 
 open throats. 
 Unto the joyful morn so strain their warbling 
 
 notes, 
 That hills and valleys ring, and even the echoing 
 
 air 
 Seems all compos'd of sounds, about them every 
 
 where." Drayton, Polyolbion, Song xiii. 
 
236 
 
 V. 456—457. 
 
 THE jENEID. 
 
 V. 458—480. 
 
 Beneath the roof. Up springs the aged 
 
 [king], 
 And with a tunic o'er his limbs is robed, 
 
 " Now Morn, her rosy steps with eastern clime 
 Advancing, sow'd the earth with orient pearl. 
 When Adam waked, so custom'd ; for his sleep 
 Was aery light, from pure digestion bred, 
 And temperate vapours bland, which the only 
 
 sound 
 Of leaves and fuming rills, Aurora's fan. 
 Lightly dispersed, and the shrill matin song 
 Of birds on every bough." 
 
 Milton, P. L., b. v. 1-8. 
 " To hear the lark begin his flight, 
 And singing startle the dull night. 
 From his watch-tower in the skies. 
 Till the dappled dawn doth rise ; 
 Then to come, in spite of sorrow. 
 And at my window bid good morrow, 
 Through the sweet-briar, or the vine. 
 Or the twisted eglantine ; 
 While the cock, with lively din. 
 Scatters the rear of darkness thin, 
 And to the stack, or the barn-door. 
 Stoutly struts his dames before." L' Allegro. 
 
 " The breezy call of incense-breathing morn. 
 
 The swallow twittering from the straw-built 
 shed. 
 The cock's shrill clarion, or the echoing horn. 
 No more shall rouse them from their lowly 
 bed." Gray, Elegy, 5. 
 
 " Lull'd by the drowsy din in sleep I lay. 
 Till from the East pale gleam'd the dubious day ; 
 Till chanticleer his merry notes begun, 
 Thrice clapt his wings, and call'd the lingering 
 
 Sun. 
 Rous'd by his orisons from sweet repose, 
 I shook off slumbers as the morning rose ; 
 The morning rose, but shed a languid light. 
 And down in ocean sunk the queen of night. 
 Then jackdaws chatter'd on the chimney high ; 
 And cranes pursued their voyage thro' the sky . , 
 Perch'd on a tree that nigh my chamber grew. 
 The kite began her lamentable pew. 
 Whereby the dawning of the day I knew." 
 Fawkes, Translation of Gawin Douglas' Winter. 
 
 To this and Douglas' other beautiful poem, on May, 
 it is easy to see that Milton owed no^small obliga- 
 tions. 
 
 " Hark ! hark ! the lark at heaven's gate sings. 
 And Phoebus 'gins arise. 
 His steeds to water at those springs 
 
 On chalic'd flowers that lies ; 
 And winking Mary-buds begin 
 
 To ope their golden eyes ; 
 With every thing that pretty is : 
 My lady sweet, arise ; 
 Arise, arise." Shakespeare, Cymbeline, ii. 3. 
 
 " How is't each bough a several music yields ? 
 The lusty throstle, early nightingale, 
 Accord in tune, though vary in their tale ; 
 The chirping swallow call'd forth by the sun. 
 And crested lark doth his division run ? 
 The yellow bees the air with murmur fill. 
 The finches carol, and the turtles bill ?" 
 
 Ben Jonson, Vision 0/ Delight. 
 
 " See, the day regins to break. 
 And the lights shoot like a streak 
 Of subtle fire ; the wind blows cold. 
 Whilst the morning doth unfold ; 
 
 And Tyrrhene laces round his footsoles 
 
 binds ; 
 He then below his side and shoulders belts 
 His Tegesean falchion, winding back 
 A leopard's skin, down wimpled from the 
 
 left. 
 Yea, too, twain watch-dogs from his lofty 
 
 door 
 Precede, and company their master's step. 
 His guest i^neas' cell and private [haunts] 
 The hero sought, in mind of their discourse, 
 And of the service [he had] pledged. No 
 
 less 642 
 
 ^neas early moved him forth : to that — 
 Pallas his son, to this — Achates went 
 As henchman. They on meeting knit right 
 
 hands. 
 And in the centre of the court sit down, 
 And conversation free enjoy at last. 
 The king first these : " O Trojans' highest 
 
 chief. 
 Who while unharmed, I sooth will never 
 
 own 
 That whelmed are Troja's fortunes or her 
 
 realm ; 650 
 
 Scant in proportion to such high renown 
 Be our abilities for aid of war. 
 On this side by the Tuscan stream are we 
 Hemmed in, closes the Rutulan on that, 
 And round our rampart clatters with his 
 
 arms. 
 But I to thee prodigious tribes, and camps, 
 Rich in dominion, purpose to attach ; 
 Which safety unexpected fortune shows : 
 Thou bring'st thee hither at the Weirds' 
 
 demand. 
 Not far away from this is peopled, reared 
 Of aged stone, Argylla's city's seat ; 661 
 Where erst a Lydian race, renowned in war, 
 Upon Etruscan mountains settled down. 
 
 Now the birds begin to rouse. 
 And the squirrel from the boughs 
 Leaps, to get him nuts and fruit ; 
 The early lark, that erst was mute, 
 Carols to the rising day 
 Many a note and many a lay." 
 J. Fletcher, TAe Faithful Shepherdess, iv, 5. 
 
 " What bird so sings, yet does so wail ? 
 O, 'tis the ravish'd nightingale. 
 Jug, jug, jug, jug, tereu she cryes. 
 And still her woes at midnight rise. 
 Brave prick-song ! Who is't now we hear? 
 None but the lark so shrill and clear ; 
 Now at heaven's gates she claps her wings, 
 The morn not waking till she sings. 
 Hark, hark, with what a pretty throat 
 Poor robin redbreast times his note ; 
 Hark, how the jolly cuckoes sing 
 Cuckoe, to welcome in the Spring." 
 
 Lilly, Alexander and Campaspe. 
 See Weber's note on *' Song hy Delight ;" Ford's 
 Sun's Darling, ii. i. 
 
V. 481 — 498. 
 
 BOOK VIII, 
 
 V. 498—526. 
 
 237 
 
 This [city], blooming thro'out many a year, 
 The king Mezentius subsequently held 
 With prideful tyranny and felon arms. 
 Why name th' unutterable murders, why 
 The tyrant's furious doings ? May the gods 
 Keep them in store for his own head and 
 
 race ! 
 Nay e'en dead bodies he to living linked, 
 IJoth yoking hands with hands, and face 
 
 with face, — 671 
 
 A kind of rack, — and, with the gleet and 
 
 gore 
 While streaming, in calamitous embrace, 
 He thus destroyed them by a ling'ring 
 
 death. 
 But, wearied out at last, his citizens 
 In his unutterable frenzy, armed 
 Beleaguer both himself and palace round, 
 His partners slay, fire volley to his roofs. 
 He, 'mid the carnage 'scaping, fled for aid 
 To the Rutulians' lands, and by the arms 
 Of his host Tumus is he screened. For this 
 In righteous fury all Etruria rose : 682 
 
 Their prince for vengeance with immediate 
 
 war 
 They redemand. To these their thousands I 
 Will thee, ^neas, as their captain join. 
 For storm throughout the shore their serried 
 
 ships. 
 And crave t' advance the colors ; holds 
 
 them back 
 
 667. Barbarossa- would have been a match for 
 him: 
 
 " Come, mighty vengeance ! 
 Stir me, grim cruelty : the rack shall groan 
 With new-born horrors ! I will issue forth. 
 Like midnight pestilence : my breath shall strew 
 The streets with dead ; and havock stalk in gore. 
 Hence pity ! Feed the milky thought of babes ; 
 Mine is of bloodier hue." 
 
 Brown, Barbarossa, 4, end. 
 
 675. Churchill beautifully illustrates the duty of 
 
 kings : 
 
 " The hive is up in arms — expert to teach, 
 Nor, proudly, to be taught unwilling, each 
 Seems from her fellow a new zeal to catch : 
 Strength in her limbs, and on her wings despatch. 
 The bee goes forth ; from herb to herb she flies, 
 From flow'r to flow'r, and loads her lab'ring 
 
 thighs 
 With treasur'd sweets : robbing those flow'rs, 
 
 which left, 
 P'ind not themselves made poorer by the theft ; 
 Their scents as lively, and their looks as fair. 
 As if the pillager had not been there. 
 Ne'er doth she flit on Pleasure's silken wing, 
 Ne'er doth she, loit'ring, let the bloom of Spring 
 Unrifled pass, and on the downy breast 
 Of some fair flow'r indulge untimely rest. 
 Ne'er doth she, drinking deep of those rich dews. 
 Which chymist Night prepar'd,. that faith abuse 
 Due to the hive, and, selfish in her toils. 
 To her own private use convert the spoils. 
 Love of the stock first call'd her forth to roam. 
 And to the stock she brings her booty home." 
 Gotham, b. iii. 
 
 An agM soothsayer, the destinies 
 Declaring : ' O Maeonia's chosen youth, 
 P'lower and prowess of the men of yore. 
 Whom righteous anger hurtles on the foe, 
 And with resentment due Mezentius fires ; 
 For no Italian is it right to tame 693 
 
 So great a nation : foreign leaders choose.* 
 Then camped th' Etruscan army on this 
 
 plain, 
 Alarmed by warnings of the pow'rs divine. 
 Tarchon himself his envoys hath to me, 
 And kingdom's diadem with sceptre sent, 
 And the regalia he consigns, that I 
 His camp should enter, and the Tyrrhene 
 
 rule 700 
 
 Assume. But me my age, through chill- 
 
 ness slow, 
 And by long years outworn, and pow'rs 
 
 too late 
 For gallant [deeds], the sovereignty be- 
 grudges. I 
 My son would counsel to it, did not he. 
 Through a Sabellian mother blent [in race], 
 Hence draw a portion of his native land. 
 Do thou, to whose both years and birth the 
 
 Weirds 
 Are kind, whom gods demand, commence 
 
 [the task], 
 O Trojans and Italians' bravest chief. 
 To thee, moreover, I my Pallas here, 710 
 Our hope and consolation, will attach. 
 'Neath thee his master, warfare to endure. 
 And Mars' momentous work, thy feats to 
 
 view. 
 Let him inure himself, and thee regard 
 In wonder from his earliest years. To 
 
 him 
 Two hundred A read knights, the youths' 
 
 choice strength, 
 Will I assign ; as many, too, to thee 
 In his own name will Pallas.' He these 
 
 [words] 
 Had scarcely said, when down-fixed kept 
 
 their eyes 
 Anchises' son .^neas, and the stanch 720 
 Achates ; and were thinking many a pain- 
 ful [thought] 
 With their drear heart ;— had Cytherea not 
 A token given from the open heaven. 
 For on a sudden, quivered from the sky, 
 A levin-flash with pealing comes, and all 
 Appeared to go to ruin in a trice, 
 And a Tyrrhenian trumpet-blast to bray 
 
 yoi. " Stay, pitying Time . ... 
 
 Comes manhood's feverish summer, cmlia tuU 
 
 soon 
 By cold autumnal care, till wintry age 
 Sinks in the frore severity of death." _ 
 
 Mason, English GardtHt b. u. 
 
238 
 
 V. 526—554. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 554—579. 
 
 Throughout the sky. They upward look. 
 Again, and [yet] again a crashing chides 
 Stupendous. Armory amid a cloud, 730 
 In a transparent quarter of the heaven, 
 Throughout the clear to glisten they per- 
 ceive. 
 And, clashed, to thunder. In their souls 
 
 the rest 
 Were mazed ; but Troja's hero knew the 
 
 sound. 
 And pledges of his goddess-mother. Then 
 He speaks : " Nay do not, host, sooth do 
 
 not seek 
 What issue may the prodigies import : 
 'Tis I am by Olympus claimed. This sign 
 My goddess-mother chanted she would 
 
 send. 
 Should war assail me, and Vulcanian arms 
 Along the gales would for my succor bring, 
 Alas ! how vast the slaughter for ill-starred 
 Laurentines is at hand ! What penalties 
 to me 743 
 
 Shalt thou, O Turnus, pay ! How many 
 
 shields 
 Of warriors shalt thou 'neath thy waves, 
 
 and helms, 
 And gallant corses, father Tiber, roll ! 
 Battles let them demand, and break the 
 leagues !" 
 These words when he delivered, from his 
 seat 
 On high he lifts himself, and first he wakes 
 The altars, drowsed with Herculean fires ; 
 And yestern Lar, and lowly household gods 
 He glad approaches ; butcher two-year ewes 
 According to the custom culled, alike 753 
 Evander, Trojan youth alike. Then he 
 Thence paces to the galleys, and his mates 
 Again he visits : from whose number those, 
 Who may his person follow to the wars, 
 In chivalry surpassing, he selects ; 
 The rest are wafted on the forward flood. 
 And lazily float down the fav'ring stream. 
 To come t' Ascanius with the news, alike 
 Of their estate, and of his father. Steeds 
 Are giv'n the Teucri, to the Tyrrhene fields 
 Repairing ; one they lead, without the lot 
 [Selected] for ^neas ; which all o'er 765 
 A lion's tawny hide caparisons, 
 All brightly gleaming with its claws of gold. 
 A rumor flies, throughout the petty town 
 
 730, I. Odd as this expression may appear, it is 
 not more so than Spenser's "luckless luckie maid," 
 which is to be found somewhere in the Faerie 
 Qiieene. 
 
 768. Chaucer has an effective simile, to illustrate 
 the spread of Rumor : 
 
 " For if that thou 
 Threw in a water now a stone. 
 Well wost thou it will make anone 
 
 Suddenly noised, that cavalry were quick 
 Advancing to the Tyrrhene monarch's 
 
 shores. 770 
 
 Their vows the matrons in alarm repeat, 
 And nearer to the danger draws the fear, 
 And more enlarged now looms the form of 
 
 Mars. 
 Then sire Evander, clasping the right hand 
 Of one upon departure, [to him] clings, 
 Weeping insatiably, and such he speaks : 
 '* Oh ! that to me past years would Jove 
 
 restore ! 
 Such as I was, what time the foremost 
 
 rank 
 Beneath Praeneste's self I prostrate laid, 
 And piles of shields in conquest set afire, 
 And Herilus its king with this right hand 
 'Neath Tart'rus sent ! To whom at birth 
 
 three lives 782 
 
 His dam Feronia, — dreadful to be told ! — 
 Had granted, triple armor to be swayed ; 
 He thrice was to be overthrown for death : 
 Whom yet this right hand then of all his 
 
 lives 
 Bereft, and stript him of as many arms. 
 I nowhere now should from thy sweet 
 
 embrace 
 Be torn away, my son ; nor e'er Mezenfius, 
 On this his neighbor's person heaping 
 
 scorn, 790 
 
 So many ruthless deaths by steel had 
 
 caused. 
 Had widowed of so many citizens 
 My city. But do ye, O heav'nly powers. 
 And thou, of gods the highest ruler, Jove, 
 I pray, have pity on th' Arcadian king, 
 And hear a father's prayers : If your 
 
 divinities, 
 If fates reserve my Pallas safe for me. 
 If doomed to see him, and to meet in one 
 
 I live ; — 
 For life I sue : I will submit to bear 
 Whatever travail ye may list. But if 800 
 Any accurst disaster. Fortune, thou 
 Dost threaten, — now, oh ! now, would 
 
 heav'n that I 
 
 A little roundell as a cercle, 
 
 Paraventure as broad as a coverell, 
 
 And right anone thou shalt see wele. 
 
 That whele cercle will cause another whele. 
 
 And that the third, and so forth brother. 
 
 Every cercle causing other. 
 
 Broader than himselfe was. 
 
 And thus from roundell to compas, 
 
 Ech about other going, 
 
 Causeth of others stering, 
 
 And multiplying evermo. 
 
 Till it be so farre go, 
 
 That it at both brinkes bee. 
 
 Although thou may it not see." 
 
 House of Fame, b. ii. 
 
▼. 579— 6o6. 
 
 BOOK VIII. 
 
 V. 606—633. 
 
 339 
 
 A pitiless existence might abridge, 
 Whilst my anxieties are doubtful, whilst 
 The expectation of the future [rests] 
 Unsure ; while thee, beloved boy, my sole 
 And late delight, in my embrace I hold ; 
 Lest heavier tidings wound my ears." 
 
 These words 
 The father at their latest parting poured : 
 The servants bear him swooning to his 
 
 courts. 810 
 
 And so the cavalry had issued now 
 From opened gates : ^Eneas 'mid the van 
 And stanch Achates ; then Troy's other 
 
 lords : 
 Pallas himself in centre of his troop, 
 Distinguished in his cloak and painted 
 
 arms : 
 Like as, when in the wave of ocean bathed, 
 Hath Lucifer, whom Venus loves before 
 The other fires of stars, upraised in heaven 
 His holy visage, and the gloom dispersed. 
 r The matrons quaking stand upon the walls, 
 And follow with their eyes the dusty cloud. 
 And their bronze-gleaming bands. They 
 
 through the brakes, 822 
 
 Where [lies] the nearest bound'ry of their 
 
 route, 
 March forward under arms. Up springs 
 
 the shout, 
 And, — squadron marshalled, — with a 
 
 prancing din 
 The hoof [of horses] shakes the crumbling 
 
 plain. 
 Huge stands a grove by Caere's icy stream, 
 By rev'rence of the fathers far and near 
 [Deemed] holy : on its every side have [this] 
 The hollow hills incloistered, and the grove 
 With sombre fir surround. The legend goes 
 That for Silvanus, god of fields and flock. 
 The old Pelasgi sanctified alike 833 
 
 The thicket and a day, — they who the first 
 The Latin territories erst possessed. 
 Not far hence Tarcho and the Tyrrhenes safe 
 Were keeping their encampment in [these] 
 
 grounds. 
 And all the legion from the lofty hill 
 Could how be seen, and through the 
 
 spacious fields 
 It stretched. The sire iEneas, and the 
 
 youth, 840 
 
 819. Or : " His holy face, and broken up the gloom." 
 
 821. " Methinks, they through the middle region 
 come ; 
 Their chariots hid in clouds of dust below. 
 And o'er their heads their coursers' scatter'd fome 
 Does seem to cover them like falling snow." 
 
 Davenant, Gondibert, iii. 3. 
 
 825. " The fleet hoof rattles o'er the flinty way." 
 Mason, Elfrida. 
 
 For battle chosen, hithenvard advance, 
 And, jaded, both their steeds and bodies 
 
 tend. 
 But Venus, goddess bright, 'mid skyey 
 
 clouds. 
 Bringing her gifts, was drawing nigh j and 
 
 when 
 Her son within a vale retired afar, 
 Sequestered by the chilly stream, she saw, 
 She in such words addressed him, and 
 
 herself 
 Presented to him unbesought ; ** Behold ! 
 Completed by my consort's promised skill. 
 My boons ; that ne'er henceforward, O my 
 
 son, 850 
 
 Either Laurentines haught, or Tumus fierce, 
 May'st thou demur to champion to the 
 
 frays," 
 She spoke, and the embraces of her son 
 Did Cytherea seek ; the armor she 
 Laid beaming underneath a fronting oak. 
 He with the goddess' presents, and a grace 
 So noble, in delight, cannot be palled. 
 And o'er them one by one his eyes he 
 
 rolls. 
 And marvels, and between his hands and 
 
 arms 
 Turns o'er and o'er the helmet, dread with 
 
 plumes, 860 
 
 And flames disgorging j and the doomful 
 
 sword. 
 The hauberk stiff with bronze, blood-tinted, 
 
 huge. 
 As when a dingy cloud begins to flame 
 In sunbeams, and from far it flashes back ; 
 Then, of electrum and of gold refined. 
 The burnished greaves, and spear, and 
 
 buckler's work. 
 That beggared all description. There the 
 
 tale 
 Of Italy, and triumphs of the Romans, not 
 Unknowing of the seers, and unaware 
 Of time to come, the lord of fire had 
 
 framed ; 870 
 
 There all the lineage of the future stock 
 Down from Ascanius, wars too fought in 
 
 course. 
 And he had formed a cub-delivered wolf. 
 In Mars's verdant cave lain down j twin 
 
 boys. 
 Disporting as they hang around her dugs. 
 And licking unalarmed the dam ; her[self], 
 
 867. " Yet look, how far 
 
 The substance of my praise doth wrong this shadow 
 
 In underprizing it, so far this shadow 
 
 Doth limp behind the substance." 
 
 Shakespeare, Merchant of Venict, iii. 2. 
 
 " Description cannot suit itself in words." 
 
 K. Htnry F., ir. a. 
 
240 V. 633—658. THE JENEID. 
 
 With rounded neck bent back caressing 
 
 them 
 By turns, and shaping with her tongue 
 
 their forms. 
 Nor far hence Rome, and Sabine maidens, 
 
 seized 
 Despite of law in session of the Cirque, 
 While grand Circensian [games] are held, 
 
 had he 881 
 
 Subjoined, fresh war too, rising in a trice 
 On the Romulidse, and Tatius aged, 
 And rigid Cures. Next, the selfsame 
 
 kings, — 
 The strife between them laid aside, — afront 
 Jove's altar, and the saucers holding, stood, 
 And with a butchered sow cemented leagues. 
 Not far therefrom had nimble four-horse cars 
 Dissevered Metus [wrenched] diverging 
 
 ways ; — 
 But thou, O Alban, wouldest to thy words 
 Have stood ! — and th' entrails of the traitor 
 
 knave 891 
 
 Was Tullus haling through the wood, and, 
 
 sprent, 
 The brambles were distilling with his blood. 
 Porsenna, too, was bidding them admit 
 The ousted Tarquin, and with mighty siege 
 Beleaguering the city ; th' ^neadse 
 Were rushing to the sword in freedom's 
 
 cause. 
 Him, like to one that cannot brook [the 
 
 sight]. 
 And like to one that threatens, you might 
 
 view ; 
 Since Codes ventured to uproot the bridge. 
 And Cloelia swam the flood, — her fetters 
 
 burst. 901 
 
 At top, the sentry of Tarpeia's tower. 
 Stood Manlius before the fane, and held 
 The lofty Capitolian [heights], and fresh 
 The palace bristled with Romulian straw. 
 And flutt'ring here in gilded colonnades, 
 A goose of silver chanted that the Gauls 
 Were present in the threshold ; Gauls along 
 
 the brakes 
 Were present, and were seizing on the tower, 
 Screened by the dark and boon of shady 
 
 night : 910 
 
 V. 659—679. 
 
 897. " And thou, fair Freedom, taught alike to feel 
 The rabble's rage, and tyrant's angry steel ; 
 Thou transitory flow'r, alike undone 
 By proud contempt, and favour's fost'ring sun ; 
 Still may thy blooms the changeful clime endure ! 
 I only would repress them to secure ; 
 For just experience tells, in ev'ry soil. 
 That those who think must govern those that toil ; 
 And all that freedom's highest aims can reach 
 Is but to lay proportion'd loads on each. 
 Hence, should one order disproportion'd grow. 
 Its double weight must ruin all below." 
 
 Goldsmith, Traveller. 
 
 Of gold their tresses, and of gold their gear ; 
 In cloaks of plaid they sparkle ; then with 
 
 gold 
 Their milk-white necks are hooped ; they 
 
 each a pair 
 Of Alpine jav'lins brandish in their hand. 
 With lengthened bucklers shielded o'er 
 
 their forms. 
 Here dancing Salii, and Luperci stript, 
 And woolly caps, and targes dropped from 
 
 heaven. 
 He'd beaten'out ; chaste led the holy [rites] 
 Throughout the city dames in easy cars. 
 Hence at a distance he moreover adds 920 
 The homes of Tart'rus, lofty gates of Dis, 
 And crimes' amercements ; thee, too, Cati- 
 line, 
 Dangling upon an overhanging rock, 
 And at the Furies' features in a quake ; 
 Sequestered, too, the holy ones ; to these 
 Cato dispensing laws. Amid these [scenes] 
 A golden model of the swelling main 
 Extended wide ; but with a frosted wave 
 Foamed [seas of] azure ; and in silver 
 
 round 
 The brilliant dolphins into circle swept 
 The waters with their tails, and cut the 
 
 tide. 931 
 
 Within the centre, vessels beaked with 
 
 bronze. 
 The frays of Actium, was there to behold ; 
 And all Leucate with embattled Mars 
 You might see glow, and waves beam forth 
 
 in gold. 
 On this side, leading on the Itali 
 To fights, Augustus Caesar with the sires, 
 
 _ 922. Ben Jonson has a noble description of the 
 circumstances under which Catiline met his end. 
 Space forbids the insertion of more than a part of 
 the whole passage : 
 
 " Which Catiline seeing, and that now his troops 
 Cover'd that earth they had fought on with their 
 
 trunks. 
 Ambitious of great fame to crown his ill. 
 Collected all his fury, and ran in 
 Arm'd with a glory high as his despair. 
 Into our battle like a Libyan lion 
 Upon his hunters, scornful of our weapons. 
 Careless of wounds, plucking down lives about 
 
 him. 
 
 Till he had circled in himself with death : 
 Then fell he too, t' embrace it where it lay. 
 And as in that rebellion 'gainst the gods, 
 Minerva holding forth Medusa's head. 
 One of the giant brethren felt himself 
 Grow marble at the killing sight, and now 
 Almost made stone, began to inquire, what flint. 
 What rock it was, that crept through all his limbs. 
 And ere he could think more, was that he feared ; 
 So Catiline, at the sight of Rome in us. 
 Became his tomb : yet did his look retain 
 Some of his fierceness, and his hands still moved. 
 As if he labour'd yet to grasp the state 
 With those rebellious parts." Catiline, end. 
 
V. 679—703. 
 
 BOOK VIII. 
 
 ▼. 703—722. 
 
 341 
 
 And people, gods of home, and mighty gods, 
 Standing upon the elevated stern ; 
 Whose brows two flames auspiciously dis- 
 charge, 940 
 And his paternal star is on his head 
 1 displayed. Upon another part, with winds 
 And gods propitious, is Agrippa lifted high. 
 His squadron leading on : whose temples 
 
 shine, — 
 Proud badge of war,— with naval chaplet 
 
 beaked. 
 That side, with foreign pow'r and motley 
 
 arms, 
 Antonius, conqu'ror from Aurora's hordes. 
 And shore of crimson, Egypt and the 
 
 powers 
 Of Orient, and the farthest Bactra, brings 
 Along with him ; and follows, — O dis- 
 grace ! — 950 
 Th' Egyptian paramour. Together all 
 Are hurtling, and is wholly in a froth, 
 Uptorn with oars drawn back and trident 
 
 beaks, 
 The surface [of the sea]. The deeps they 
 
 seek : 
 Thou would'st believe were floating on the 
 
 main 
 Uprooted Cyclades, or lofty mounts, 
 Justling with mounts : with such stupend- 
 ous weight 
 The crews in towered ships are pressing on. 
 The hempen blaze by hand, and wingy 
 
 steel 
 Is by their javelins scattered : Neptune's 
 fields 960 
 
 With slaughter fresh are waxing red. The 
 
 queen 
 Amidst them with her country's timbrel 
 
 calls 
 Her hosts ; nor yet e'en from behind per- 
 ceives 
 Twain snakes : and monster gods of every 
 
 breed, 
 Barker Anubis, too, 'gainst Neptune [ranged], 
 And Venus, and against Minerva, grasp 
 Their weapons. Storms in centre of the fray 
 Mavors, embossed in steel, and from the 
 
 sky 
 The rueful Furies ; and in mantle rent 
 In joy stalks Discord, whom with bloody 
 scourge 970 
 
 950. " Cleopatra. Your lord, the man who serves 
 me, is a Roman. 
 Octavius. He was a Roman till he lost that name, 
 To be a slave in Egypt." 
 
 Dryden, All for Love, iii. 1. 
 957. " Through Bosporus, betwixt the justling 
 rocks." Milton, P. L., b. ii. end. 
 
 970. " Discord she wills ; the missile ruin flies ; 
 Sudden, unnatural debates arise. 
 
 Bellona dogs. The Actian fgod] Apollo 
 
 these 
 Perceiving, bending was his bow from high : 
 With that affright all Egypt and the Inds, 
 Each Arab, all the Sabans turned their 
 
 backs. 
 The queen herself was seen, — the winds 
 
 invoked, — 
 To set the sails, and now, e'en now, to 
 
 slack 
 The loosened ropes. Her 'mid the havoc wan 
 At coming death, the lord of fire had made 
 To be by billows and lapyx borne ; 
 But on the other side, with giant frame 
 Nile mourning, and his bosom spreading 
 
 out, 981 
 
 And calling, in the fulness of his robe, 
 Into his sea-green lap and shroudy floods 
 The conquered [foes]. But Caesar, borne 
 
 along 
 In three-fold triumph to the walls of Rome, 
 Was consecrating to Italian gods, — 
 His deathless vow, — three hundred proudest 
 
 shrines. 
 Through the whole city. Streets with joy, 
 
 and sports. 
 And acclamation, ring. In all the fanes 
 A choir of matrons, altars in them all ; 
 Before the altars slaughtered bullocks 
 
 strewed 991 
 
 The earth. He, sitting in the snowy gate 
 Of glist'ring Phoebus, th' offerings of the 
 
 tribes 
 Reviews, and fits them to the prideful doors : 
 March conquered nations in a lengthful 
 
 train. 
 
 Doubt, mutual jealousy, and dumb disgust. 
 
 Dark-hinted mutterings, and avow'd distrust ; 
 
 To secret ferment is each heart resign'd ; 
 
 Suspicion hovers in each clouded mind ; 
 
 They jar, accus'd accuse, revil'd revile. 
 
 And warmth to warmth oppose, and guile to guile ; 
 
 Wrangling they part, themselves themselves betray ; 
 
 Each dire device starts naked into day ; 
 
 They feel confusion in the van with fear ; 
 
 They feel the king of terrors in the rear." 
 
 Savage, Wanderer, c. v. 
 
 " Scar. Yond' ribald hag of Egypt, 
 
 Whom leprosy o'ertake ! i' the midst o' the hght, — 
 When vantage like a pair of twins appear'd. 
 Both as the same, or rather ours the elder,— 
 The brize upon her, like a cow in June, 
 Hoists sails and flies. 
 
 Eno. That I beheld : mine eyes 
 
 Did sicken at the sight on't, and could not 
 Endure a further view. 
 
 Scar. She once being loofd, 
 
 The noble ruin of her magic, Antony, 
 Claps on his sea-wing, and like a doting mallard. 
 Leaving the fight in height, flies after her ; 
 I never saw an action of such shame : 
 Experience, manhood, honour, ne'er before 
 Did violate so itself." 
 
 Shakespeare, Antony and CUc^aira, uL 8. 
 
242 
 
 V. 723 — 727- 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 727—731. 
 
 As dift'rent in their tongues, as in the guise 
 Of garb and arms. Here Mulciber the 
 
 race 
 Of Nomads, and loose-girdled Africans, 
 Here Leleges, and Carians, Gelons too, 
 With arrows armed, had fashioned. Passed 
 
 along 1000 
 
 Euphrates, now the gentler in his waves ; 
 And, farthest of mankind, the Morini, 
 
 And Rhine two-horned, and Dahse unsub- 
 dued, 
 Araxes, too, that held a bridge in scorn. 
 The like o'er Vulcan's shield, his parent's 
 gifts. 
 He views in wonderment, and of events 
 Unknowing, in the portraiture delights, 
 As he upon his shoulder raises up 
 Of sons of sons alike the fame and fates. 
 
 BOOK IX. 
 
 Now in a quarter severed far while these 
 Are being done, Saturnian Juno down 
 Sent Iris from the sky to Turnus bold. 
 By hazard then in sire Pilumnus' grove 
 Was Turnus sitting in a hallowed dale. 
 To whomThaumantias from her coral mouth 
 Thus spake : "O Turnus, that, which to 
 
 thy wish 
 Not one of gods could venture to engage. 
 Hath circling time, lo ! brought thee of 
 
 itself, 
 ^neas, — town, and mates, and navy left, — 
 The Palatine Evander's realm and court 1 1 
 Is seeking. Nor [is this] sufficient : he 
 To Corythus' remotest towns hath pierced, 
 And arms a band of Lydians, levied boors. 
 Wherefore dost thou demur ? 'Tis now 
 
 the hour 
 Thy coursers, now thy chariots, to demand : 
 Break all delays, and storm his troubled 
 
 camp." 
 She said, and into heav'n upraised herself 
 Upon her balanced wings, and in her flight 
 A spacious bow she scored beneath the 
 
 clouds. 20 
 
 Knew her the youth, and lifted to the stars 
 Both hands, and with such accent[s] as she 
 
 flies 
 
 Line 6. Warner, beautifully of the color of 
 Rosamond's lips : 
 
 " With that she dasht her on the lippes, 
 So dyed double red : 
 Hard was the heart that gaue the blow ; 
 Soft were those lips that bled." 
 
 Albion's England, b. viii. ch. 41. 
 
 20. " Have ye not seen, in gentle even-tide. 
 When Jupiter the earth hath richly shower'd. 
 Striding the clouds, a bow dispredden wide 
 As if with light inwove, and gaily flower'd 
 With bright variety of blending dies ? 
 ^Vhite, purple, yellow melt along the skies, 
 Alternate colours sink, alternate colours rise." 
 W. Thompson, Hymn to May, 22. 
 
 Pursued her: "Iris, pride of heav'n, who 
 
 thee. 
 Shot from the clouds, to me sent down to 
 
 earth ? 
 Whence this so brilliant weather in a trice ? 
 Heav'n in the zenith do I see dispart. 
 And straying through the firmament the 
 
 stars. 
 I follow omens of such high import. 
 Whoe'er thou art that callest me to arms." 
 And, thuswise having spoken, to the wave 
 He forward went, and from the eddy-face 
 Its waters he updrew, in many a prayer 32 
 Craving the gods, and loaded heav'n with 
 
 vows. 
 And now the army all thro' open plains 
 
 23. " Hail, many-coloured messenger, that ne'er 
 Dost disobey the wife of Jupiter ; 
 Who, with thy saffron wings, upon my flowers 
 Diffusest honey-drops, refreshing showers : 
 And with each end of thy blue bow dost crown 
 My bosky acres, and my unshrubb'd down, 
 Rich scarf to my proud earth ; why hath thy queen 
 Summon'd me hither, to this short-grassed green ?" 
 
 Shakespeare, 7'empest, iv. i. 
 " O speak again, bright angel ! for thou art 
 As glorious to this night, being o'er my head. 
 As is a winged messenger of heaven 
 Unto the white-upturned wond'ring eyes 
 Of mortals, that fall back to gaze on him, 
 When he bestrides the lazy-pacing clouds, 
 And sails upon the bosom of the air." 
 
 Romeo and Juliet, ii. 2. 
 28. P. Fletcher pleasantly introduces one of his 
 fishermen, expressing the like pious obedience : 
 " As late upon the shore I chanc'd to play, 
 I heard a voice, like thunder, loudly say : 
 ' Thirsil, why idle liv'st ? Thirsil, away, away !' 
 Thou God of seas, thy voice I gladly heare ; 
 Thy voice (thy voice I know) I glad obey : 
 Only do thou my wand'ring wherry steer. 
 And when it errs, (as it will eas'ly stray,) 
 Upon the rock with hopeful anchor stay : 
 Then will I swim where's either sea or shore, 
 Where never swain or boat was seen afore." 
 
 Piscatory Eclogues, ii. 18, 19. 
 
 34- _ " And now went forth the morn. 
 
 Such as in highest heaven array'd in gold 
 
V. 26— 36» 
 
 BOOK IX, 
 
 V. 36—59. 
 
 243 
 
 Marched rich in horses, rich in broidered 
 
 gear 
 And gold. Messapus doth the leading lines, 
 The rear do Tyrrheus' youthful sons, re- 
 strain ; 
 Prince Turnus in the centre of the host 
 Is in continued motion, grasping arms, 
 And by a head entire above them stands. 
 As, rising from his sev'n abated streams. 
 Deep through the still the Ganges ; or when 
 Nile 42 
 
 With batt'ning flood is ebbing from the 
 
 plains. 
 And now hath buried him within his bed. 
 Here, sphered with sable dust, a sudden 
 
 cloud 
 Do Teucer's sons descry, and gloom to rise 
 Upon the plains. First from the fronting 
 
 mound 
 Cries out Caicus : *' O ye citizens. 
 
 I'inpyreal ; from before hervanish'd Night, 
 Shot through with orient beams ; when all the plain, 
 Cover'd with thick embattled squadrons bright, 
 Chariots, and flaming arms, and fiery steeds. 
 Reflecting blaze on blaze, first met liis view." 
 
 Milton, P. L., vi, 12-18. 
 ' ' He look'd and saw what numbers numberless 
 The city-gates outpour'd, light-armed troops, 
 In coats of mail and military pride ; 
 In mail their horses clad, yet fleet and strong, 
 Prancing their riders bore, the flower and choice 
 Of many provinces from bound to bound. 
 He saw them in their forms of battle ranged, 
 How quick they wheel'd, and flying behind them 
 
 shot 
 Sharp sleet of arrowy showers against the face 
 Of their pursuers, and overcame by flight ; 
 The field all iron cast a gleaming brown : 
 Nor wanted clouds of foot, nor on each horse 
 Cuirassiers all in steel for standing fight. 
 Chariots, or elephants indorsed with towers 
 Of archers ; nor of labouring pioneers 
 A multitude with spades and axes arm'd 
 To lay hills plain, fell woods, or valleys fill. 
 Or where plain was, raise hill, or overlay 
 With bridges rivers proud, as with a yoke." 
 
 P. R., b. iv. 
 Glover in graphic terms describes the Persian host : 
 " Five thousand horse, 
 Caparison'd in streak'd or spotted skins 
 Of tigers, pards, and panthers, form'd the van ; 
 In quilted vests of cotton azure-dyed; 
 With silver spangles deck'd, the tawny youth 
 Of Indus rode ; white quivers loosely cross'd 
 Their shoulders ; not ungraceful in their hands 
 Were bows of glist'ning cane ; the ostrich lent 
 His snowy plumage to the tissued gold. 
 Which bound their temples. Next a thousand steeds 
 Of sable hue on argent trappings bore 
 A thousand Persians, all select ; in gold, 
 Shap'd as pomegranates, rose their steely points 
 Above the truncheons ; gilded were the shields. 
 Of silver'd scales the corslets ; wrought with gems 
 Of price, high-plum'd tiaras danc'd in light. 
 In equal number, in resembling guise, 
 A squadron foUow'd ; save their mail was gold. 
 And thick with beryls edg'd their silver shields." 
 Atltetiaid,\\ . 11-29. 
 
 What mass is volumed with a pitchy murk ? 
 Bring quick the sword, give jav'lins, mount 
 
 the walls ! 50 
 
 The foe is here, come on !" With lusty 
 
 shout 
 The Teucri mask themselves by all the 
 
 gates. 
 And man the walls. For thus, on taking 
 
 leave, 
 Thrice great in arms, yEneas had enjoined : 
 •* If any fortune should befall meanwhile, 
 They should not venture to array their line, 
 Nor trust the field ; that they should 
 
 merely guard 
 The camp and walls in safety through the 
 
 trench. 
 Therefore, although t* engage the hand do 
 
 shame 
 And wrath incite, natheless they bar the 
 
 gates 60 
 
 Against them, and his orders prompt 
 
 perform. 
 And, armed, in hollow towers wait the foe." 
 Turnus, when flying forward he'd out- 
 stripped 
 The plodding host, by twenty chosen 
 
 knights 
 Escorted, and unlooked for, nears the 
 
 town J — 
 Whom bears a Thracian steed with spots 
 
 of white. 
 And screens a golden helm with crimson 
 
 plume. 
 ' ' Who shall he be, O youths, along with me. 
 That first against the foeman — ? Lo !" 
 
 he cries ; 
 And, upward whirling it, his jav'lin shoots 
 Into the gales, the prelude of the fight, 71 
 And stately bears him onward o'er the plain. 
 His mates receive [the movement] with a 
 
 shout, 
 And follow with a dreadful grating yell. 
 They marvel at the Trojans' sluggish hearts. 
 That they their persons to the righteous 
 
 Commit not, that the men confronting arms 
 Do not advance, but their encampment hug. 
 On this and that side chafed does he survey 
 Upon his horse their rampires, and approach 
 Throughout the wayless [wilds] he seeks. 
 And like 81 
 
 A wolf in ambush by a full sheep-fotd, 
 
 82. In a passage, which is marked by one of the 
 blots on his Paradise Lost , Milton represents Satan 
 as vaulting over the boundaries of Paradise. As he 
 uses the like illustration of the marauding wolf, he 
 carries the simile farther than Virgil : 
 
 " High over-Ieap'd all bound 
 Of hill or highest wall, and sheer within 
 Lights on his feet. Ajs when a prowling wolf 
 
 R 2 
 
244 
 
 V. 6o— 88. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 88— 120. 
 
 When growls he at the cotes, and winds 
 
 and rains 
 Enduring, past the middle of the night : 
 Safe 'neath their dams the lambs their 
 
 bleatings ply : 
 He, fierce and felon in his anger, storms 
 Against the absent ; tortures him the rage 
 Of rav'ning, gathered from a length of time. 
 And jaws, unmoist with blood : — not other- 
 wise 
 In the Rutulian, gazing on the walls 90 
 And camp, wrath kindles ; in his hardy- 
 bones 
 Vexation blazes up : — by what device 
 He may essay an entrance, and what course 
 Dislodge the cloistered Teucri from their 
 
 trench, 
 And pour them out upon the plain. The 
 
 fleet 
 Which, joined to their encampments' side, 
 
 lay hid. 
 Fenced round with ramparts and the river- 
 waves. 
 He storms, and calls on his exulting mates 
 For burnings, and, in ardor, fills his hand 
 With flaring pine. Then truly [to the toil] 
 They lean them ; Turnus' presence spurs 
 them on ; -loi 
 
 And all the youth are armed with grisly 
 
 links. 
 They've sacked the hearths ; the smoky 
 
 torch throws pitchy light, 
 And Vulcan jumbled ashes to the stars. 
 
 What deity, O Muses, warded off 
 So felon burnings from the Teucri ? who 
 Such mighty blazes from the ships repelled ? 
 Say ye. Of old the credence in the fact ; 
 But the tradition [runs] from year to year. 
 What time upon the Phrygian Ida first no 
 yFneas built his navy, and prepared 
 To seek the depths of sea, 'tis said, herself. 
 The Berecynthian mother of the gods, 
 Great Jove accosted in these terms : 
 
 "My son, 
 Cirant to a suitress what thy parent dear, 
 Olympus tamed, from thee doth claim. I 
 
 own 
 A piny forest, loved through many a year. 
 A grove there stood upon the mountain's 
 
 crest 
 Whither my holy [rites] they used to bear, 
 W^ith swart pitch-pine and maple timbers 
 dark : 120 
 
 These I upon the Dardan youth, when he 
 
 Whom hunger drives to seek new haunt for prey, 
 Watching where shepherds pen their flocks at eve, 
 In hurdled cotes amid the fields secure, 
 Leaps o'er the fence with ease into the fold." 
 
 P. L., b. iv. 
 
 A navy needed, cheerfully bestowed. 
 Now me, uneasy, troubles troubling fear : 
 Dispel my apprehensions, and herein 
 Allow by prayers a parent to avail : — 
 That neither broken down by any course. 
 Nor hurricane of wind, they be subdued. 
 May it bestead that they upon our mounts 
 W^ere sprung." To her on th' other hand 
 
 her son, 
 Who wheels the constellations of the world: 
 ' ' O mother, whither callest thou the fates ? 
 Or what dost seek for these ? Shall vessels 
 
 framed 1 32 
 
 By mortal hands enjoy immortal right? 
 And sure through unsure risks ^neas run ? 
 To what divinity is privilege 
 So great conceded ? Still, when done with 
 
 [risks]. 
 The goal and ports i^usonian they shall gain 
 Hereafter, whichsoever shall have 'scaped 
 The billows, and the Dardan chief have 
 
 borne 
 To fields Laurentine I, their mortal shape 
 Will take away, and of the mighty main 141 
 Bid them be goddesses ; as Nereus-bom 
 Doto and Galatea cleave apart 
 The foaming ocean with their breast." He 
 
 spoke ; 
 And that this is established, by the floods. 
 His Stygian brother's, by the banks, that boil 
 With pitch and with a sooty gulf, he nods, 
 And by his nod made all Olympus quake. 
 Accordingly the day engaged was come. 
 And the due seasons had the Destinies 150 
 Fulfilled ; when th' outrage [done] by Tur- 
 nus warned 
 The Mother, from her holy barques to drive 
 The brands aloof. Here first against their 
 
 eyes 
 Strange light there glared, and from the 
 
 Dawn appeared 
 To scud across the sky a mighty cloud, 
 And Ida's choirs ; thereon a fearful voice 
 Drops forth along the gales, and fills the 
 
 hosts 
 Of Trojans and Rutulians : " Be not ye 
 In anxious haste, O Teucer's sons, to guard 
 My vessels, neither arm your hands : the seas 
 It sooner will to Turnus be vouchsafed 
 To burn to ashes than my holy pines. 
 Go ye, enfranchised, go, the goddesses 
 Of ocean ; 'tis the Mother bids." And 
 
 straight the sterns 164 
 
 Each burst away their fetters from the banks. 
 And after dolphins' fashion, with their beaks 
 Plunged down, the bottom of the waters 
 
 seek. 
 Hence, — marvellous portent ! — as many 
 
 prows, 
 
y. lai — 150. 
 
 BOOK IX. 
 
 V. 151— 175. 
 
 245 
 
 O'erlaid with bronze, as whilom on the 
 
 strand 
 Had rested, just so many maiden forms 170 
 Reissue, and are wafted on the deep. 
 Mazed were the minds of Rutulans ; 
 
 Messapus 
 Was e'en himself appalled, with troubled 
 
 steeds ; 
 And halts the stream hoarse-booming, and 
 
 his step 
 [The god] of Tiber from the deep recalls. 
 JJut not bold Turnus confidence forsook : 
 Yea he their spirits raises by his words, 
 Yea chides them too : " 'Tis at the Trojans 
 
 aim 
 These prodigies ; from them hath Jove 
 
 himself 
 His wonted help withdrawn ; [their ships] 
 
 nor darts, 180 
 
 Nor fires of Rutuli, await. The seas 
 Are therefore pathless to the Teucer-race, 
 Nor is there any hope of flight ; one half 
 Their means is cut away : the land, more- 
 
 o'er, 
 Is in our hands ; so many thousand arms 
 Italian nations bring. Naught me affray, 
 (If Phrygians make of any public vaunt,) 
 The doomful oracles of gods. Enough 
 To fates and Venus granted, that the fields 
 Of rich Ausonia have the Trojans touched ; 
 On th' other hand my fates as well have I, — 
 With falchion to uproot the cursed race. 
 My bride reft from me ; nor affects that pang 
 Th' Atridse only, nor is it allowed 194 
 Mycenae only on their arms to seize. 
 But 'tis enough that they have fallen 
 
 once : — 
 For them t' have sinned before had been 
 
 enough, 
 [Then] loathing deep well nigh all woman- 
 kind : — 
 To whom this trust in intervening trench. 
 And hindrances of dykes, thin screens of 
 
 death, 200 
 
 Give confidence. But have they not beheld 
 The walls of Troja, framed by Neptune's 
 
 hand, 
 Sink down in flames ? But ye, O chosen 
 
 ones ! 
 Who with the sword to break their rampart 
 
 through 
 Makes ready, and along with me assails 
 Their quaking camp ? With me there is 
 
 no need 
 Of Vulcan's armor, nor a thousand keels. 
 Against the Teucri. Let Etruscans all 
 Forthwith unite themselves as their allies. 
 The darkness and Palladium's dastard 
 
 theft, — 210 
 
 The sentries of the fortress-summit slain, — 
 They need not fear ; nor shall we be en- 
 
 wombed 
 Within a horse's darksome paunch : in light, 
 Before the world, 'tis fixed with fire to wrap 
 Their walls around. I'll force them to 
 
 conclude 
 That they with Danai have no concern. 
 And with Pelasgic youth, whom Hector 
 
 stayed 
 To the tenth year. Now, therefore, since 
 
 is past 
 The better part of day, for what remains. 
 Rejoicing in our bravely sped affairs, 220 
 Your bodies tend, O heroes, and expect 
 The fight to be prepared." Meanwhile, 
 
 the gates 
 With watch of sentries to beset, the charge 
 Is given to Messapus, and the walls 
 To ring with fires. Twice seven Rutulans, 
 The mounds with soldiery to keep, are 
 
 culled : 
 But follow each of these a hundred youths, 
 Crimson with plumes, and glistering in gold. 
 Patrol they, and the courses change, and 
 
 spread 
 Along the turf, indulge in wine, and tilt 
 The wassail- bowls of bronze. Glare up 
 the fires ; 231 
 
 The sleepless night the sentries spend in 
 play. 
 These from the trench above the Trojans 
 view. 
 And occupy the heights in arms : more'oer. 
 Restless with dread, they scrutinize the 
 
 gates 
 The bridges, too, and outer works miite : 
 They weapons bring together. Spur them on 
 Mnestheus and keen Serestus, whom the sire 
 ^neas, should misfortunes ever call. 
 Decreed to be commanders of the youths. 
 And managers of state. All through the 
 walls 241 
 
 The legion, having portioned out by lot 
 The risk, their vigil keeps, and executes 
 Their courses, — what should be maintained 
 by each. 
 
 222. The overwhelming weight of manuscripts 
 forces one to read/flimr/ and not parati (v. 156). 
 It is well that such is the case ; as the verse has a 
 sad jingle of ps as it stands ; but with the other 
 reading would have a jingle oi ats besides. 
 
 231. " Now night her course began, and, over 
 
 Heaven 
 Inducing darkness, grateful truce imposed 
 And silence on the odious din of war. 
 Under her cloudy covert both retired, 
 Victor and vanquish'd. On the foughten field 
 Michael and his Angels prevalent 
 Encamping, placed in guard their watches round 
 Cherubic waving fires. ' Milton, P. L.^ b. vi. 
 
246 
 
 V. 176 — iSy. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 188 — 200. 
 
 Nisus there was, the sentry of a gate, 
 Thrice-keen in arms, of Hyrtacus the son ; 
 Whom huntress Ida had as comrade sent 
 T' -^neas, — quick with dart and nimble 
 
 shafts ; 
 And by his side Euryalus his mate. 
 Than whom of ^neadse none other stood 
 More fair, nor [fairer] donned the arms of 
 
 Troy; 251 
 
 The stripling, marking his unrazored lips 
 With bloom of youth. With these the love 
 
 was one, 
 And side by side upon the frays they 
 
 dashed : 
 Then, too, with common post the gate they 
 
 kept. 
 Saith Nisus : "Do the gods this glow in- 
 fuse 
 Within our spirits, O Euryalus ? 
 Or doth his dread desire to each become 
 A god ? 'Tis either fight, or something 
 
 grand. 
 My soul now long since drives me to essay ; 
 Nor is it satisfied with calm repose. 261 
 
 252. y Among the rest, that all the rest excelld, 
 
 A dainty boy there wonn'd,, whose harmlesse yeares 
 Now in their freshest budding gently sweld ; 
 His nimph-like face nere felt the nimble sheeres'; 
 Youth's downy blossome through his cheeke 
 appeares." 
 
 In Spenser's Works, Brittain^s Ida, c. i. 2. 
 
 " Comus. Were they of manly prime, or youthful 
 bloom ? 
 Lady. As smooth as Hebe's their unrazor'd lips." 
 Milton, Comus. 
 
 253. " And shine as you exalted are : 
 Two names of friendship, but one star : 
 
 Of hearts the union, and those not by chance 
 Made, or indenture, or leas'd out t' advance 
 The profits for a time. 
 No pleasures vain did chime, 
 Of rhymes, or riots at your feasts, 
 Orgies of drink, or feign'd protests : 
 But simple love of greatness and of good, 
 That knits brave minds and manners more than 
 blood." Ben Jonson, Underwoods, 88, iv. 
 
 259-261. " Imagination of some great exploit 
 Drives him beyond the bounds of patience." 
 
 Shakespeare, i K. Hetiry IV., i. 3. 
 Perhaps Nisus thought that 
 
 " Virtue, if not in action, is a vice." 
 
 Massinger, The Maid of Honour, i. i. 
 
 Marlowe makes the Duke of Guise say, in The 
 Massacre at Paris : 
 
 " Now, Guise, begin those deep-engendered 
 thoughts 
 To burst abroad those never-dying flames. 
 Which cannot be extinguish'd but by blood. 
 Oft have I levell'd, and at last have learn'd 
 That peril is the chiefest way to happiness. 
 And resolution honour's fairest aim. 
 What glory is there in a common good, 
 That hangs for every peasant to achieve ? 
 That like I best, that flies beyond my reach. 
 Let me to scale the high Pyramides, 
 
 Thou seest what [full] reliance on their state 
 The Rutuli possesses. Here and there 
 Lights twinkle ; they, in sleep and wine 
 
 unstrung. 
 Have laid them down ; the regions far and 
 
 wide 
 Are hushed. Learn further what I meditate, 
 And what design now rises in my mind, 
 .^neas hither to be called do all. 
 Both commons and the fathers, warmly 
 
 pray, . 269 
 
 And men to be despatched [to him] to bear 
 Undoubted tidings. If, what I for thee 
 Demand, they promise, seeing for myself 
 The glory of th' achievement is enough, — 
 Meseems that I can underneath yon hill 
 Plnd out a passage to the walls and domes 
 Of Pallanteum." In astonishment 
 Euryalus was lost, pierced thro' and thro' 
 With lofty passion for renown : at once 
 In these addresses he his glowing friend : 
 "Me, then, thy comrade in thy grand 
 
 emprise, 280 
 
 O Nisus, dost disdain to link ? Shall I 
 Send thee alone upon such heavy risks ? 
 
 And thereon set the diadem of France ; 
 I'll either rend it with my nails to nought. 
 Or mount the top with my aspiring wings. 
 Although my downfall be the deepest hell." 
 
 264. " Wide o'er all 
 
 The dusky plain, by the fires half extinct, 
 Are seen the soldiers, roll'd in heaps confus'd, 
 The slaves of brutal appetite." 
 
 Smollett, The Regicide, v. 3., 
 265, 6. Stillness at night is well described by 
 
 Brown : 
 
 " All, all is hushed. Throughout the empty streets 
 Nor voice, nor sound ; as if the inhabitants, 
 Like the presaging herds, that seek the covert 
 Ere the loud thunder rolls, had inly felt 
 And shunned the impending uproar. 
 
 ** There is a solemn horror in the night, too. 
 That pleases me : a general pause through nature : 
 The winds are hushed. And as I passed the beach 
 The lazy billows scarce could lash the shore : 
 No star peeps through the firmament of heaven." 
 Barbarossa, iii. i. 
 
 273. " And choose we still the phantom through 
 the fire. 
 
 O'er bog, and brake, and precipice, till death ? 
 
 And toil we still for sublunary pay ? 
 
 Defy the dangers of the field and flood. 
 
 Or, spider-like, spin out our precious all. 
 
 Our more than vitals spin (if no regard 
 
 To great futurity) in curious webs 
 
 Of subtle thought, and exquisite design ; 
 
 (Fine net-work of the brain !) to catch a fly ! 
 
 The momentary buz of vain renown ! 
 
 A name ; a mortal immortality !" 
 
 Young, Complaint, N. vi. 
 
 282. " However, I with thee have fix'd my lot ; 
 Certain to undergo like doom : if death 
 Consort with thee, death is to me as life ; 
 So forcible within my heart I feel 
 The bond of nature draw me to my own ; 
 My own in thee, for what thou art is mine ; 
 
V. 201 — 224' 
 
 BOOK IX, 
 
 V. 224 — 239. 
 
 M7 
 
 Not so my sire Opheltes, used to wars, 
 1 lath trained me up, amid Arj^olic dread 
 And toils of Troja nurtured ; nor with thee 
 I lave I in such a way demeaned myself, 
 lligh-souled /Eneas and his latest fates 
 While following. Here there dwells, there 
 
 dwells a soul, 
 A scorner of the light, and deems that fame. 
 Whereat thou aimest, cheaply bought with 
 
 life." 290 
 
 Nisus to these : *' Sooth nothing of the kind 
 From thee I feared ; nor is it decent, no ! 
 So me in triumph may to thee restore 
 Great Jove, or whosoe'er with kindly eyes 
 Views these ! But should there any, — thou 
 
 perceiv'st 
 How many [risks] in such a crisis [lie] ; — 
 Should any, either accident or god. 
 To misadventure hurry me away, 
 I would that thou shouldst overlive : thy age 
 Is worthier of life. One let there be 300 
 Who may entrust me to accustomed earth, 
 Reft from the fray, or ransomed by a price ; 
 Or, this should any Fortune disallow. 
 One, who may to [my] absent [corse] dis- 
 charge 
 Its obsequies, and grace it with a grave. 
 Nor to thy wretched mother could I prove 
 The spring of woe so deep ; who thee, [dear] 
 
 boy, — 
 Alone of many mothers daring it, — 
 Pursues, nor recks of great Acesta's domes," 
 But he : "To idle purpose dost thou weave 
 Thy flimsy pleas, nor my resolve, now 
 
 changed, 311 
 
 Withdraws from its position. Let us haste !" 
 He cries. The sentries he at once awakes: 
 They take their places, and the courses keep. 
 The station being left, he paces on 
 As Nisus' mate, and seek they out the prince. 
 The rest of living things through all the 
 
 lands 
 
 Our state cannot be scver'd ; we are one, 
 One flesh ; to lose thee were to lose myself." 
 Adam to Eve : Milton, P. L., b. ix, 
 
 290. " ' I'll go,' said I, 'once more I'll venture all ; 
 'Tis brave to perish by a noble fall.' " 
 
 Pomfret, Love Triumphant over Reason. 
 " 'Tis the danger crowns 
 A brave achievement." May, The Heir, act ii. 
 
 299. " Thou art too covetous of another's safety ; 
 Too prodigal and careless of thine own." 
 
 Massinger, T/ie Bashful Lover, ii. 6. 
 
 317. " Mydnight was cum, and every vitall thing 
 With swete sound slepe theyr weary lyms did rest. 
 The beastes were still, the lytle byrdes that syng 
 Now sweetely slept besides theyr mothers brest : 
 The olde and all were shrowded in theyr nest. 
 The waters calme, the cruel seas did ceas. 
 The wudes, the fyeldcs, and all thynges held theyr 
 peace. 
 
 With sleep their cares were light'ning, and 
 
 their hearts 
 Forgetful of their toils. The Trojans' lead- 
 ing chiefs. 
 Their chosen youth, a consultation held 320 
 Upon the highest int'rests of the realm, — 
 [To wit,] what they should do, or who 
 
 should now 
 T* iEneas be a messenger. They stand 
 On lengthful lances resting, and their shields 
 Engrasping in the midst of camp and plain. 
 Then Nisus, and with him Euryalus, 
 Forthwith to be admitted warmly beg : 
 '• That their affair was weighty, and would 
 
 prove 
 Worth the delay," lulus first received 
 The flurried [youths], and Nisus bade to 
 
 speak. 330 
 
 Then thus the son of Hyrtacus : " O list 
 With minds unbiassed, ye ^Enean sons, 
 Nor let these [propositions], which we bring, 
 Be judged of from our years. The Rutuli, 
 In slumber and in wine unstrung, are 
 
 hushed : 
 The quarter for a stratagem have we 
 Ourselves espied, which lieth to the view 
 Upon the double roadway of the gate. 
 That [stands] the nearest to the sea. Their 
 
 fires 
 Are stayed, and starward is the collied 
 
 smoke 340 
 
 " The golden stars wer whyrlde amyd theyr race. 
 And on the earth did laugh with twinkling lyght. 
 When eche thing nestled in his restyng place, 
 Forgat dayes payne with pleasure of the nyght : 
 The hare had not the greedy houndes in sight. 
 The fearfull dear of death stood not in doubt. 
 The partrydge dremt not of the falcons foot. 
 " The ougly beare nowe myndeth not the stake. 
 Nor how the cruell mastyves do hym tear ; 
 The stag lay still unroused from the brake. 
 The fomy boar feard not the hunters spear. 
 All thing was still in desert, bush, and brear. 
 With quyet heart now from their travailes rest ; 
 Soundly they slept in midst of all their rest." 
 
 Sackville, Cotnplaynt of Henry e D. of 
 Buckingham, 79-81. 
 
 " All things were husht, each bird $lept on h's 
 bough. 
 And night gave rest to him, day tir'd at plough : 
 Each beast, each bird, and each day-toyling wight, 
 Receiv'd the comfort of the .4ilent night." 
 
 Browne, Britannia s Pastorals, L 3. 
 
 " Lo ! midnight from her starry reign 
 Looks awful down on earth and main. 
 The tuneful birds lie hush'd in sleep. 
 With all that crop the verdant food. 
 With all that skim the crystal flood. 
 Or haunt the caverns of the rocky steep. 
 No rushing winds disturb the tufted bowers. 
 No wakeful sound the moonlight valley knows. 
 Save where the brook its liquid murmur pours. 
 And lulls the waving scene to more profound 
 repose." Akcnside, Odt to SUe/, li. a, a. 
 
248 
 
 V. 240 — 270. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 271 — 290. 
 
 Upraised. If ye allow us to employ 
 The chance, to seek .-Eneas, and the walls 
 Of Pallanteum, here anon with spoils, — 
 Vast carnage wrought, — us present will you 
 
 see. 
 Nor doth the road mislead us as we go : 
 Below the darkling valleys we have seen. 
 In ceaseless chase, the outskirts of the town, 
 And gained a knowledge of the stream 
 
 throughout." 
 Here, weighed with years, and in his judg- 
 ment ripe, 
 Aletes : " O ye gods of fatherland, 350 
 Beneath whose providence Troy ever rests. 
 Ye still intend not clean to wipe away 
 TheTeucri, seeing ye [to them] have brought 
 Such souls, and breasts so stanch within 
 
 their youths." 
 Thus saying, he the shoulders and right 
 
 hands 
 Of both engrasped, and with his tears his 
 
 face 
 And lips bedewed. ** To you, O heroes, 
 
 what. 
 What worthy guerdons for these deeds of 
 
 praise 
 Could I deem possible to be repaid ? 
 First the most honorable will the gods, 360 
 And your own merits, render ; then the rest 
 Anon the good ^.neas will return, 
 Aye and Ascanius, in the flow'r of age, 
 Not e'er unmindful of so high desert." 
 " Yea, you do I, whose only safety lies 
 In the recov'ry of my sire," — [th' address] 
 Takes up Ascanius, — " by the mighty gods 
 Of home, and Assarac's domestic god. 
 And hoary Vesta's shrines, conjure ; what- 
 ever chance 
 And trust I have, I place it in your breasts : 
 Recall my sire, restore his presence : naught 
 is sad 371 
 
 With him regained. Two goblets will I give, 
 In silver finished, and with figures crisp, 
 Which from ArislDa crushed my father took ; 
 And tripods twain ; of gold two talents huge ; 
 An ancient bowl, which Sidon's Dido gave. 
 But if to seize Italia, and enjoy 
 Her sceptres, shall to me a victor fall, 
 And to prescribe th' allotment of the spoil: — 
 Thou sawest on what steed, in armor what. 
 Marched Turnus [all] in gold : — that very 
 [steed], 381 
 
 The scutcheon and the crimson plumes, 
 
 Willi 
 
 371. " For since mine eie your ioyous sight did mis, 
 My chearfull day is tiirnd to chearelesse night. 
 And eke my night of death the shadow is : 
 
 But welcome now, my light, and shining lampe of 
 blis !" Spenser, F. Q., i. 3, 27. 
 
 Reserve from the allotment, even now, 
 
 Nisus, thy rewards. Besides, my sire 
 Will twice six ladies' persons, passing choice, 
 And captives grant, and their own arms 
 
 with all ; 
 Above these [gifts], whatever of domain 
 E'en king Latinus doth himself possess. 
 But thee, whom my own age is following on 
 With closer stages, youth to be revered, 390 
 With my whole bosom do I welcome now, 
 And my companion clasp for eveiy risk. 
 No honor shall be sought in my exploits 
 Without thee ; whether peace or war I make, 
 On thee [shall rest] my deepest trust of deeds 
 And words." To whom in answer suchlike 
 
 speaks 
 Euryalus : " No day shall have evinced 
 That I for such bold ventures am no match : 
 Let only fav'ring Fortune fall no foe. 
 But I from thee 'bove every boon one thing 
 Entreat : a mother of the ancient strain 401 
 Of Priamus have I, whom, woe-begone. 
 Not Ilium's land, not king Acestes' walls 
 Withheld from going forth along with me. 
 Her, in unconsciousness of this our risk, 
 Whate'er it is, and [left] without farewell, 
 
 1 now am quitting : Night and thy right hand 
 My witness be, that I could not endure 
 
 A parent's tears. But, I entreat, do thou 
 Console her helpless, and assist her lorn. 
 
 392. " O, I have suffered 
 
 With those that I saw suffer." 
 
 Shakespeare, Te7npest, i. 2, 5, 6. 
 
 399. There is high authority for reading haut, 
 instead oi aut, in v. 283, which appears to make the 
 whole passage more like Virgil than the lection of 
 Heyne, Weise, and others. A colon after tantum 
 gives it a stiff air, and joining the word with ar- 
 ^tierit does not seem to mend the matter much. 
 See Forbiger's satisfactory comment. 
 
 " The intent, and not the deed, 
 Is in our power : and therefore who dares greatly 
 Does greatly." Brown, Barbarossa, v. 2. 
 
 403. Or, observing the Latin order : 
 " Not Ilium's land withheld from going forth 
 Along with me, not king Acestes' walls." 
 
 410. The poor lady might perhaps have answered 
 her noble comforter as Leonato did Antonio : 
 " I pray thee, cease thy counsel. 
 Which falls into mine ears as profitless 
 As water in a sieve ; give not me counsel ; 
 Nor let no comforter delight mine ear. 
 But such a one whose wrongs do suit with mine. 
 Bring me a father that so lov'd his child. 
 Whose joy of her is overwhelm'd like mine. 
 And bid him speak to me of patience ; 
 Measure his woe the length and breadth of mine. 
 And let it answer every strain for strain ; 
 As thus for thus, and such a grief for such 
 In every lineament, branch, shape, and form ; 
 If such a one will smile, and stroke his beard ; 
 Call sorrow joy ; cry hem, when he should groan ; 
 Patch grief with proverbs : make misfortune drunk 
 With candle-wasters ; bring him yet to me. 
 
V. 291 — 3^5' 
 
 BOOK IX, 
 
 V. 315—334. 
 
 949 
 
 This hope of thee [O] let me bear away : 41 1 
 llie Ixjlder shall I march to every chance." 
 With smitten mind the Dardan sons shed 
 
 tears ; 
 'Fore all the fair lulus ; and his soul 
 The picture of a filial duty touched : 
 Then thus speaks forth : ' ' Assure thyself 
 
 that all 
 Shall worthy prove of thy immense em- 
 prise : 
 For that thy mother shall be [such] to me, j 
 And fail alone Creusa's name, nor small 
 The gratitude is waiting such a birth. 420 
 Whatever chances follow thy exploit, 
 By this my head I swear, whereby my sire 
 Before me used, what I engage to thee 
 On thy return, and with success, these same 
 On both thy mother and thy race shall wait." 
 Thus speaks he, weeping o'er him j he at 
 
 once 
 His gilded falchion from his shoulder doffs, 
 Which with surprising skill Lycaon, [son] 
 Of Crete, had made, and fitted, handy 
 
 [-formed]. 
 With iv'ry sheath. To Nisus Mnestheus 
 gives 430 
 
 A shaggy lion's hide and spoils ; [with him] 
 Aletes stanch exchanges helra. Forthwith 
 In armor clad they march : whom, pacing 
 
 on. 
 The band of chieftains all, alike of young 
 And aged, to the gates attend with prayers. 
 Aye fair lulus, too, beyond his years 
 Bearing both gallantry and manly thought, 
 Injunctions many gave to be conveyed 
 T' his father : but the breezes scatter all. 
 And, purposeless, bestow them on the 
 clouds. 440 
 
 They, sallying forth, the trenches over- 
 pass. 
 And through night's shade the camp, their 
 foe, they seek. 
 
 And I of him will gather patience. 
 But there is no such man : for, brother, men 
 Can counsel, and speak comfort to that grief. 
 Which they themselves not feel ; but, tasting it. 
 Their counsel turns to passion, which before 
 "Would give perceptial medicine to rage. 
 Fetter strong madness in a silken thread. 
 Charm ache with air, and agony with words. 
 No, no ; 'tis all men's office to speak patience 
 To those that wring under the load of sorrow, 
 But no man's virtue, nor sufficiency, 
 To be so moral, when he shall endure 
 The like himself : therefore give me no counsel : 
 My griefs cry louder than advertisement." 
 
 Shakespeare, Much Ado about Nothing, v. i. 
 
 414. " He hath a tear for pity, and a hand 
 Open as day for melting charity." 
 
 2 K. Henry IV., iv. 4. 
 
 442. Shakespeare has a fine description of a camp 
 by night : 
 
 Yet first of many doomed to be the death. 
 At every step, in slumber and in wine 
 Throughout the grass dispread, they bodies 
 
 view 1 
 In upward posture chariots on the shore ; 
 Among the traces and the wheels the men; 
 Together lying arms, together wines. 
 First from his lip thus spake Hyrtacides : 
 " Euryalus, with our right hand we must 
 
 be bold : 450 
 
 Th' occasion now invites us of itself : 
 Here lies the route. Do thou, — lest any hand 
 May lift itself against us from the rear, — 
 Be on the watch, and keep a far look-out. 
 These [regions] I a wilderness will make, 
 And by a spacious pathway lead thee on." 
 So speaks he, and subdues his voice ; at once 
 With sword attacks proud Rhamnes, who, 
 
 by chance 
 On elevated cushions pillowed up. 
 From his whole chest was slumber puffing 
 
 forth ; 460 
 
 The same a king, and [he] to Tumus, king. 
 Most welcome augur: but by augur's art 
 He could not stave destruction off. Hard by 
 Three lacqueys, heedlessly among their arms 
 While lying, and the squire of Remus, he 
 Destroys ; his charioteer, too, finding him 
 Just at his very steeds ; and with the sword 
 Their lolling necks he severs ; then of head 
 Despoils their lord himself, and leaves the 
 
 trunk 
 With blood sob-breathing : warmed with 
 
 sable gore, 470 
 
 The earth and couches reek. Moreo'er, he 
 
 slays both Lamyrus 
 
 " Now entertain conjecture of a time. 
 When creeping murmur, and the poring dark. 
 Fill the wide vessel of the universe. 
 From camp to camp, through the foul womb of 
 
 night, 
 The hum of either army stilly sounds. 
 That the fix'd sentinels almost receive 
 The secret whispers of each other's watch. 
 Fire answers fire ; and through their paly flames 
 Each battle sees the other's umber'd face. 
 Steed threatens steed, in high and boastful neighs 
 Piercing the Night's dull ear ; and from the tents 
 The armorers, accomplishing the knights. 
 With busy hammers closing rivets up. 
 Give dreadful note of preparation. 
 The country cocks do crow, the clocks do toll. 
 And the third hour of drowsy morning name." 
 K. Henry V,, iv. chorus. 
 
 444. They probably had such thoughts as these : 
 " Now, Sleep, still child of sable-hooded night. 
 Befriend us ! From the dark Lethean cell 
 Up-conjure all thy store of drowsy charms : 
 Lock fast their lids, o'erpower each torpid sense. 
 That they awake not ere the deed be done." 
 Hartson, Countess 0/ Salisbury, v. 2. 
 
 47t. " The slaughter then all measure did surpasse ; 
 Whilst victors rag'd, bloud from each hand did rainc; 
 
250 
 
 V. 334—352. 
 
 THE JENEID. 
 
 V. 352—364. 
 
 And Lamus, and the young Serranus, who 
 Full much had revelled on that night, in 
 
 mien 
 Distinguished, and was lying, in his limbs 
 O'ermastered by a fulness of the god, 
 O happy man ! if he without a pause 
 Had made that revel even with the night. 
 And eked it out till daylight : — as, unfed, 
 A lion, raising through the crowded folds 
 Alarms, — for spurs him hunger mad, — both 
 
 grinds 480 
 
 And i^ends the unresisting flock, and dumb 
 With terror; roars he with a mouth of 
 
 blood. 
 Nor less the carnage of Euryalus : 
 He too himself, afire, fumes on throughout, 
 And in the midst a num'rous, nameless 
 
 throng. 
 E'en Fadus and Herbesus he attacks, 
 And Rhesus, Abaris too, unaware : — 
 Rhoetus awake, and viewing all ; but he 
 Behind a mighty wassail-bowl in fear 
 Ensconced himself : in whose confronting 
 
 breast 490 
 
 He, close upon him, as he rises up. 
 Hid his whole blade, and with abundant 
 
 death 
 Withdrew it. Th' other spews the crimson 
 
 life, 
 And wines, commingled with the blood, 
 
 returns. 
 In dying. He upon his stratagem 
 In ardor presses on ; and now advanced 
 Up to the comrades of Messapus. There 
 He saw the failing of their latest fire, 
 
 The liquid rubies dropping downe the grasse. 
 With scarlet streames the fatall fields did staine." 
 Stirling, Jo7iatlian, 83. 
 
 489. Had Rhoetus been more fortunate, he would 
 have been paralleled by Braggadocchio. 
 " To whom she thus. — But ere her words ensewd. 
 Unto the bush her eye did suddein glaunce. 
 In which vaine Braggadocchio was mewd. 
 And saw it stirre : she lefte her percing launce. 
 And towards gan a deadly shafte advaunce, 
 In minde to marke the beast. At which sad 
 
 stowre, 
 Trompart forth stept, to stay the mortall chaunce, 
 Out crying : ' O ! whatever hevenly powre, 
 Or earthly wight thou be, withold this deadly howre ! 
 
 " O ! stay thy hand ; for yonder is no game 
 For thy fiers arrowes, them to exercize ; 
 But loe ! my lord, my liege, whose warlike name 
 Is far renownd through many bold emprize ; 
 And now in shade he shrowded yonder lies.' 
 She staid : with that he crauld out of his nest, 
 Forth creeping on his caitive hands and thies ; 
 And standing stoutly up, his lofty crest 
 
 Did fiercely shake, and rowze as comming late from 
 rest." Spenser, F. Q., ii. 3, 34, 5. 
 
 493. The tutor might do well to point to v. 349, 
 as evidence that purpurens does not necessarily 
 mean^" purple," 
 
 And duly tethered horses cropping grass : 
 When briefly such like Nisus, — for he felt 
 That he by too great slaughter and desire 
 Was led away, — saith, "Let us cease; for 
 nears 502 
 
 Th' unfriendly light. Of vengeance there 
 
 is spent 
 Enough; a path is made among the foes," 
 Both many arms of heroes, finished off 
 With massive silver, do they leave behind, 
 And bowls together, and fair figured stuffs, 
 Euryalus th' accoutrements of Rhamnes 
 
 [grasps], 
 His belt, too, golden in its studs, which 
 
 gifts 
 To Remulus of Tibur whilom sent 510 
 
 The passing wealthy Caedicus, what time 
 He, absent, would unite him [to himself] 
 In hospitage ; the other at his death 
 Bequeaths them to his grandson to pos- 
 sess ; — 
 After his death the Rutuli in war. 
 And in engagement, won them : — these he 
 grasps, 
 
 501, 2. " Danger without discretion to attempt 
 Inglorious, beast-like, is." 
 
 Spenser, F. Q., iii. 11, 23. 
 
 " Some fortitude is'seen in great exploits. 
 
 That justice warrants, and that wisdom guides ; 
 All else is towering phrensy and distraction." 
 Addison, Caio, ii. 
 
 " Be advis'd : 
 Heat not a furnace for your foe so hot, 
 That it do singe yourself. We may outrun. 
 By violent swiftness, that which we run at. 
 And lose by over-running. Know you not. 
 The fire, that mounts the liquor till it run o'er. 
 In seeming to augment it, wastes it. Be advis'd : 
 I say again, there is no English soul 
 More stronger to direct you than yourself ; 
 If with the sap of reason you would quench. 
 Or but allay, the fire of passion." 
 
 Shakespeare, K. Henry VIII., i. i. 
 
 " But as it is not the mere punishment. 
 
 But cause, that makes a martyr, so it is not 
 Fighting, or dying, but the manner of it. 
 Renders a man himself. A valiant man 
 Ought not to undergo, or tempt a danger, 
 But worthily, and by selected ways : 
 He undertakes with reason, not by chance. 
 His valour is the salt to his other virtues : 
 They are all unseason'd without it." 
 
 Ben Jonson, New Inn, iv. 3. 
 " Temper your heat. 
 And lose not, by too sudden rashness, that 
 Which, be but patient, will be offer'd to you. 
 Security ushers ruin ; proud contempt 
 Of an enemy three parts vanquish'd, with desire 
 And greediness of spoil, have often wrested 
 A certain victory from the conqueror's gripe. 
 Discretion is the tutor of the war. 
 Valour the pupil." 
 
 Massinger, Maid of Honour, i. 3. 
 
 502, 3. " The silent hours steal on. 
 
 And flaky darkness breaks within the east," 
 
 Shakespeare, K. Richard III., v, 3. 
 
V. 364—393. 
 
 BOOK IX. 
 
 V. 394-415. 
 
 asi 
 
 And vainly to his gallant shoulders suits. I 
 1 le then Messapus' trimly fitting helm, 
 And graced with plumes, puts on him. 
 
 PVom the camp 
 They draw away, and safety seek to gain. 
 Meanwhile the horse, sent on from La^ 
 
 tium's city ^21 
 
 While the remainder of the host in line 
 Is ling'ring on the plains, were on the march. 
 And to king Turnus bringing on replies, — 
 Three times a hundred, all equipped in 
 
 shields. 
 With Volscens chief And they were near- 
 
 ing now 
 The camp, and ent'ring on the mounds, 
 
 what time 
 These winding by the left-hand path from far 
 Descry they, and his helm Euryalus 
 Hath in the glimm'ring shade of night be- 
 trayed 530 
 Unthoughtful, and, confronted to the beams. 
 Plashed back, 'Twas not for naught the 
 
 glimpse was gained. 
 Aloud shouts Volscens from the squadron : 
 
 ♦'Halt! 
 Ye warriors! What the object of your 
 
 march ? 
 Or who are ye in arms ? Or whither hold 
 Your course ?" They make no effort at reply. 
 But hasten on their flight upon the woods. 
 And trust the night. The horse oppose 
 
 themselves 
 At byways known on this side and on that, 
 And ev'ry outlet with a guard invest. 540 
 There was a thicket, bristling wide with 
 
 brakes 
 And sable ilex, which had serried thorns 
 Choked up in ev'ry quarter ; fitfully 
 The pathway shone among the darkened 
 
 walks. 
 The gloom of branches, and his cumbrous 
 
 spoil, 
 Euryalus obstruct, and his alarm 
 Conducts him from his line of route astray. 
 Off" Nisus starts : and now, not knowing 
 
 [this], 
 He had escaped the foemen, and the spots. 
 Which since from Alba's name were " Al- 
 
 ban" called : — 550 
 
 Then king Latinus [there] had lofty stalls : — 
 When [still] he stood, and towards his 
 
 absent friend 
 In vain looked back : *' Ill-starred Euryalus, 
 Thee in what quarter have I left ? Or where 
 Shall I pursue, again unrav'lling all 
 The tangled pathway of the cheating wood?" 
 At once e'en backward his examined steps 
 He tracks, and wanders through the stilly 
 
 brakes. 
 
 He hears the horses, hears the din and signs 
 Of those pursuing. Nor was long the time 
 In th' interval, when reaches to his ears 
 A shouting, and he sees Euryalus, 
 Whom at this moment doth the squadron all. 
 Through the deception of the place and 
 
 night. 
 With wild'ring hubbub on a sudden seize, 
 O'erwhelmed and struggling [much,] full 
 
 much in vain. 
 What should he do ? With power what, 
 
 what arms. 
 The stripling to deliver should he dare, 
 Or, death-doomed, fling him on the midst 
 
 of swords. 
 And speed by wounds a glorious death ? 
 
 In haste 570 
 
 A javelin hurling with his in-drawn arm, 
 Up-gazing on the lofty Moon, he thus 
 Prays with his voice : "Do thou, O god- 
 dess, thou 
 Propitious aid our task, O pride of stars, 
 And thou Latonian guardian of the groves ; 
 If any off''rings to thy altars e'er 
 On my behalf my father Hyrtacus 
 Hath brought, if any by my hunts myself 
 Have added, or upon thy dome hung up. 
 Or fastened to thy holy pediments ; 580 
 This troop do thou allow me to confound, 
 And guide my missiles through the gales." 
 
 He said ; 
 And, as he strains with his whole frame, 
 
 he hurls 
 The steel. The winging spear asunder 
 
 smites 
 The shades of night, and swoops upon the 
 
 back 
 Of Sulmo, turned away, and there is 
 
 snapped. 
 And through his midriff shoots with rifted 
 
 wood. 
 He's rolled along, disgorging from his breast 
 The fevered tide, death-cold, and smites 
 
 his flanks 
 
 574. "As Cynthia, from her wave - embattei'd 
 
 shrouds 
 Op'ning the west, comes streaming thro' the clouds. 
 With shining troops of silver-tressed stars 
 Attending on her, as her torch-bearers ; 
 And all the lesser lights about her throne 
 With admiration stand as lookers on ; 
 Whilst she alone, in height of all her pride. 
 The queen of light along her sphere doth glide." 
 Drayton, Charles Brandon to Queen Mary 0/ 
 France. 
 
 589. " Death-cold. Ves, Felisarda, he is gone, 
 
 that in 
 The morning promis'd many years ; but death 
 Hath in few hours made him as stiff, as all 
 The winds of winter had thrown cold upon him. 
 And whisper'd him to marble." 
 
 Shirley, Th* Brothtrt, iv. 5. 
 
252 
 
 V. 415—433- 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 433—439. 
 
 With long [-drawn] sobs. [In] difif'rent 
 
 [quarters] round 590 
 
 They gaze. Thereby the keener, he, the 
 
 same, 
 Lo ! poised another javehn from his tip 
 Of ear. While they are in alarm the shaft 
 Through both of Tagus' temples hissing 
 
 passed, 
 And, heated, to his pierced brain it cleaved. 
 Fell Volscens storms, nor anywhere descries 
 The sender of the lance, nor whither he, 
 Should throw him all aglow. " Still, thou 
 
 meanwhile 
 With thy hot blood to me the penalties 
 Shalt pay for both," he cries : at once 
 with sword 600 
 
 Unsheathed upon Euryalus he rushed. 
 Then sooth affrighted, wildly Nisus shrieks ; 
 Nor could he any longer shroud himself 
 Within the gloom, or bear so sore a pang : 
 " Me, me ! — I'm here ! — [the man] who did 
 
 the deed ; 
 On me the falchion turn, O Rutuli ! 
 Mine own is all the stratagem ; that [youth] 
 Naught either dared or could ; this firma- 
 ment 
 And conscious stars to witness do I call. 
 He only loved too well his hapless friend." 
 Such like the words he uttered : but the 
 sword, 611 
 
 Thrust home with power, grided through 
 
 his ribs. 
 And brasts his snowy breast. Euryalus 
 
 605. Eve says : 
 
 * And to the place of judgment will return, 
 There with my cries importune Heaven, that all 
 The sentence, from thy head removed, may light 
 On me, sole cause to thee of all this woe, 
 Mej me only, first object of his ire." 
 
 Milton, P. L., b. x. 
 
 " Stop, O stop ! 
 Hold your accursed hands ! On me, on me 
 Pour all your torments." 
 
 Brown, Barbarossa, v. 2. 
 
 610. So Othello : 
 
 " Speak of me as I am ; nothing extenuate. 
 Nor set down aught in malice : then must you 
 
 speak 
 Of one, that lov'd not wisely, but too well." 
 
 Shakespeare, Othello , end. 
 
 613. "Which when that warriour heard, dismount- 
 ing straict 
 From his tall steed, he rusht into the thick. 
 And soone arrived where that sad portraict 
 Of death and dolour lay, halfe dead, halfe quick ; 
 In whose white alabaster brest did stick 
 A cruell knife that made a griesly wownd. 
 From which forth gusht a stream of gore blood 
 
 thick. 
 That all her goodly garments staind arownd. 
 And into a deepe sanguine dide the grassy grownd." 
 Spenser, F. Q., ii. i, 39. 
 
 Is rolled in death, and o'er his comely limbs 
 Gore gushes, and upon his shoulders sinks 
 His fainting neck : as when a gaudy flower, 
 Cut under by the plough, in dying flags ; 
 Or poppies with a weary neck droop head, 
 When haply they are cumbered by the rain. 
 But Nisus hurtles on the midmost [foes]. 
 And singly through them all he Volscens 
 seeks ; 621 
 
 614. The same great poet, on Belphoebe's seeing 
 
 the wounded Timias : 
 
 " Shortly she came whereas thatwoefull squire 
 With blood deformed lay in deadly swownd : 
 In whose faire eyes, like lamps of quenched fire. 
 The christall humour stood congealed rownd ; 
 His locks, like faded leaves fallen to grownd, 
 Knotted with blood in bounches rudely ran ; 
 And his sweete lips, on which before that stownd 
 The bud of youth to blossome faire began, 
 
 Spoild of their rosy red were woxen pale and wan." 
 F. Q., iii. s, 29. 
 
 614, 15. " See, his rich blood in purple torrents 
 
 flows. 
 And Nature sallies in unbidden groans ; 
 Now mortal pangs distort his lovely form ; 
 His rosy beauty fades, his starry eyes 
 Now darkling swim, and fix their closing beams ; 
 Now in short gasps his labouring spirit heaves. 
 And weakly flutters on his faultering tongue. 
 And struggles into sound." 
 
 Smith, Fhcedra and Hippolytus, act v. 
 
 616. This beautiful figure is employed by the 
 author of the elegy on the death of Sir Philip 
 Sidney, entitled The Mourning Muse of Thestylis. 
 It was not written by Spenser, but is appended by 
 him to his own charming Astrophel. 
 "His lips waxt pale and wan, like damaske roses 
 bud 
 Cast from the stalke, or like in field to purple 
 
 flowre. 
 Which languisheth being shred by culter as it 
 past." Lodowick Bryskett, in Spenser's Works. 
 
 618. Detnisere, v. 437, is plainly an aorist. 
 
 " Yet in her side deep was the wound in fight : 
 
 Her flowing life the shining armour stains : 
 From that wide spring long rivers took their flight, 
 With purple streams drowning the silver plains : 
 Her cheerful colour now grows wan and pale, 
 Which oft she strives with courage to recal. 
 And rouse her fainting head, which down as oft 
 would fall. 
 All so a lily press'd with heavy rain. 
 
 Which fills her cup with show'rs up to the 
 brinks : 
 The weary stalk no longer can sustain 
 The head, but low beneath the burden sinks. 
 Or as a virgin rose her leaves displays. 
 Whom too hot scorching beams quite dis- 
 arrays : 
 Down flags her double ruff, and all her sweet 
 decays." P. Fletcher, Purple Island, xi. 29, 30. 
 
 " Thus the fair lily, when the sky's o'ercast. 
 At first but shudders in the feeble blast ; 
 But when the winds and weighty rains descend. 
 The fair and upright stem is forc'd to bend ; 
 Till broke at length, its snowy leaves are shed 
 And strew with dying sweets their native bed." 
 Young, Force of Religion, b. ii. end. 
 
V. 439—455. 
 
 BOOK IX. 
 
 V. 455—476. 
 
 353 
 
 On Volscens singly fixes thought. Whom 
 
 round 
 The clustered foes this side and that repulse 
 With sword in hand. He presses none 
 
 the less, 
 And whirls his blade of lightning ; till 
 
 within 
 The yelling Rutulan's confronted mouth 
 He buried it, and, as he dies, his foe 
 Bereft of life. Then o'er his lifeless friend 
 He forward flung himself, pierced through 
 
 and through. 
 And there at length in calm of death reposed. 
 O happy pair ! If aught my lays can do. 
 No day shall ever from a mindful age 632 
 Erase you, long as shall yEneas' house 
 Inhabit Capitolium's moveless rock. 
 And sovereignty the Roman father hold. 
 
 The conqu'ring Rutuli, of prey and spoils 
 The masters, breathless Volscens to the 
 
 camp 
 A -weeping bare. Nor less in camp the woe. 
 On Rhamnes being found deprived of life, 
 And chiefs so many slain in common death, 
 Serranus too, and Numa. Vast the throng 
 E'en at the corses and the men half-dead. 
 
 625. . " I ne'er saw 
 
 A lightning shoot so, as my servant did : 
 His rapier was a meteor, and he waved it 
 Over them, like a comet, as they fled him. 
 I mark'd his manhood ! Every stoop he made 
 Was like an eagle's at a flight of cranes," 
 
 Ben Jonson, The New Inn, iv. 3. 
 
 628, 9. " Suffolk first died, and York, all haggled 
 
 over. 
 Comes to him, where in gore he lay insteep'd. 
 And takes him by the beard ; kisses the gashes. 
 That bloodily did yawn upon his face ; 
 And cries aloud : ' Tarry, dear cousin SufTolk ! 
 My soul shall thine keep company to heaven : 
 Tarry, sweet soul, for mine, then fly abreast ; 
 As in this glorious and well-foughten field 
 We kept together in our chivalry !' 
 Upon these words I came, and cheer'd him up : 
 He smil'd me in the face, raught me his hand. 
 And, with a feeble gripe, says : ' Dear my lord. 
 Commend my service to my sovereign.' 
 So did he turn, and over Suffolk's neck 
 He threw his wounded arm, and kiss'd his lips ; 
 And so, espous'd to death, with blood he seal'd 
 A testament of noble-ending love." 
 
 Shakespeare, K. Henry V., iv. 6. 
 
 To the poet himself may be applied the praise 
 bestowed on Colin by Alexis. 
 " By wondring at thy Cynthiaes praise, 
 
 Colin, thyselfe thou mak'st us more to wonder. 
 
 And her upraising doest thyselfe upraise." 
 Spenser, Colin Clouts Come Home Again. 
 
 632, 3. "You may sooner part the billows of the sea, 
 And put a bar betwixt their fellowships. 
 Than blot out my remembrance ; sooner shut 
 Old Time into a den, and stay his motion ; 
 Wash oflf the swift hours from his downy wings. 
 Or steal eternity to stop his glass. 
 Than shut the sweet idea I have in me." 
 
 Fletcher, Tht Elder Brother, iii. 5. 
 
 And at the spot, with milkwarm slaughter 
 
 fresh, 643 
 
 And runnels brimming with their foaming 
 
 blood. 
 They recognise the spoils among themselves, 
 Alike the shining helmet of Messapus, 
 And trappings witha flood of sweat regained. 
 And now first sprent the landis with 
 
 virgin light 
 Aurora, leaving Tithon's saffron bed, 
 The sun now shed upon them, objects now 
 In light uncurtained. Tumus to their arms, 
 In arms arrayed himself, his men awakes ; 
 And musters each the bronzen lines his own. 
 For battle, and with manifold reports 654 
 They whet their wrath. Yea, — piteous to 
 
 be seen, — 
 Impale they on the points of hoisted spears 
 Euryalus' and Nisus' very heads. 
 And follow in full shout. The sturdy 
 
 yEneadoe 
 Within the left-hand quarter of the walls 
 Arrayed their line against them, — for the 
 
 right 660 
 
 Is girdled by the stream, — and occupy 
 Their trenches vast, and on the lofty towers 
 In melancholy do they stand ; at once 
 The heroes' heads impaled [their spirit] 
 
 roused, 
 But too familiar to their wretched [friends], 
 And dripping with a sable gore. Meanwhile, 
 Throughout the quaking city flitting round. 
 The winged courier Rumor posts, and glides 
 On to Euryalus's mother's ears. 
 But suddenly the wretched [lady's] bones 
 Their heat forsook ; the shuttle from her 
 
 hands 671 
 
 649. " Aurora from old Tithon's frosty bed 
 (Cold, wint'ry, wither'd Tithon) early creeps. 
 
 Her cheek with grief was pale, with anger red. 
 Out of her window close she blushing peeps ; 
 Her weeping eyes in pearled dew she steejis." 
 P. Fletcher, Piscatory Eclogues, vii. i. 
 657. So the Picts are said to have treated King 
 
 Alpin : 
 
 " That sacred head. 
 Where late the Graces dwelt, and wisdom mild 
 Subdued attention, ghastly, pale, deform'd. 
 Of royalty despoil'd, by ruthless hands 
 Fixt on a spear, the scoff of gazing crowds. 
 Mean triumph, borne." 
 
 Hamilton, Episode of the Thistle. 
 
 668. " This tattling gossip hath a thousand eyes ; 
 
 Her airy body hath as many wings ; 
 
 Now about Earth, now up to Heav'n she flies. 
 
 And here and there with every breath she flings 
 
 Hither and thither lies and tales she brinp." 
 
 Drayton, Legend of Matilda the hatr, 14. 
 
 " For evil news rides post, while good news baits." 
 Milton, Samson Agtmistes. 
 
 671. " Too trew the famous Marincll it fownd ; 
 Who, through late triall, on that wealthy strond 
 Inglorious now lies in sencelcsse swownd 
 Through heavy stroke of Britomartis bond. 
 
254 
 
 V. 476—483. 
 
 THE jENEID. 
 
 V. 483—494. 
 
 Was shaken out, the web, too, tumbled o'er. 
 Forth flies she hapless, and, with woman's 
 
 shriek. 
 With tattered hair, the walls and foremost 
 
 bands 
 She wildly seeks with speed : not she of 
 
 men. 
 Not she of risk and weapons, heedful ; 
 
 heaven 
 Thereon with her complainings does she 
 
 fill: 
 ** Is't thus, Euryalus, I thee behold ? 
 Couldst thou, that one, who wert the late 
 
 repose 
 Of my old age, O heartless, leave me lorn ? 
 Neither to thee, upon such grievous risks 
 
 Which when his mother dear did understond. 
 And heavy tidings heard, whereas she playd 
 Amongst her watry sisters by a pond, 
 Gathering sweete daffadillyes, to have made 
 
 Gay girlonds, from the Sun their forheads fayr to 
 shade ; 
 
 " Eftsoones both flowres and girlands far away 
 She flong, and her faire deawy lockes yrent ; 
 To sorrow huge she turnd her former play, 
 And gamesom merth to grievous dreriment : 
 She threw herself down on the continent, 
 Ne word did speake, but lay as in a swowne, 
 Whiles all her sisters did for her lament 
 With yelling outcries, and with shrieking sowne ; 
 
 And every one did tear hir girlond from her crowne." 
 Spenser, F. Q., iii. 4, 29, 30. 
 
 674. " Her yellow locks that shone so bright and 
 long, 
 As sunny beames in fairest somers day, 
 She fiersly tore, and with outragious wrong 
 From her red cheeks the roses rent away : 
 And her faire brest, the threasury of ioy. 
 She spoyld thereof, and filled with annoy." 
 
 Spenser, Astrophel, 27. 
 
 " Th' inexorable hand of Fate 
 Weighs down his eyelids, and the gloom of death 
 His fleeting light eternally o'ershades. 
 Him on Choaspes o'er the blooming verge 
 A frantic mother shall bewail ; shall strew 
 Her silver tresses in the crystal wave : 
 While all the shores re-echo to the name 
 Of Teribazus lost." Glover, Leojiidas, b. viii. 
 
 680. " My boy, my Arthur, my fair son ! 
 My life, my joy, my food, my all the world ! 
 My widow-comfort, and my sorrow's cure !" 
 
 Shakespeare, K. John, iii. 4. 
 
 " Does the kind root bleed out his livelihood 
 In parent distribution to his branches. 
 Adorning them with all his glorious fruits. 
 Proud that his pride is seen when he's unseen : 
 And must not gratitude descend again 
 To comfort his old limbs in fruitless winter ?" 
 Massinger, The Old Law, i. i. 
 
 " Thou art the only comfort of my age ; 
 Like an old tree I stand among the storms ; 
 Thou art the only limb that I have left me, 
 My dear green branch ; and how I prize thee. 
 
 child. 
 Heaven only knows." Lee, Theodosius, ii. i. 
 
 Sent secretly, t'address her latest word, 
 To thy sad mother were the means vouch- 
 safed ? 683 
 Ah ! thou upon a land unknown, consigned 
 A prey to Latin dogs and birds, dost lie ! 
 Nor I thy mother, at thine obsequies 
 Have led thee forth, or have I closed thine 
 
 eyes. 
 Or bathed thy wounds ; shrouding thee 
 
 with the robe, 
 Which I for thee quick hastened night and 
 
 day, 
 And with the loom an aged woman's cares 
 Would comfort. Whither shall I follow 
 
 thee ? 691 
 
 Or now what land thy joints, and wrenched 
 
 limbs. 
 And mangled carcass holds ? Is't this that 
 
 thou 
 Returnest to me of thyself, my son ? 
 Is't this I've followed both by land and sea ? 
 Pierce me, if ye have any duteousness ; 
 On me launch all your darts, O Rutulans ; 
 Me first annihilate ye with the sword ; 
 
 685. " O parents ruthful, and heart-renting sight ! 
 
 To see that son, that your soft bosoms fed, 
 
 His mother's joy, his father's sole delight. 
 
 That with much cost, yet with more care, was bred, 
 
 A spectacle, ev'n able to affright 
 
 A senseless thing, and terrify the dead ! 
 
 His dear, dear blood upon the cold earth pour'd. 
 His quarter'd corse of crows and kites devour'd." 
 Drayton, Barons^ Wars, ii. 67. 
 
 " Besides remember this in chief: 
 That, being executed, you deny 
 To all his friends the rites of funeral. 
 And cast his carcase out to dogs and fowls." 
 J. Fletcher, The Bloody Brother, iii. i. 
 
 687. " Ah, too, the lustre of the eyes is fled ! 
 
 Heavy and dull, their orbs neglect to roll. 
 
 In motionless distortion stiff and fixed : 
 
 Till by the trembling hand of watchful age .... 
 
 Clos'd ; and, perhaps for ever ! ne'er again 
 
 To open on the sphere, to drink the day." 
 
 W. Thompson, Sickness, b. iii. 
 
 692. " This country here hath bred me, brought me 
 
 up. 
 And shall I now refuse a grave in her? 
 I am in my second infancy, and children 
 Ne'er sleep so sweetly in their nurse's cradle 
 As in their natural mother's." 
 
 Massinger, T7te Old Law, i. i. 
 
 694. Gustayus i 2& Arvida 6\e.%\ 
 " Friend ! brother ! speak. — He's gone ; — and here 
 
 is all 
 That's left of him, who was my life's best treasure. 
 How art thou fall'n, thou greatly valiant man ! 
 In ruin graceful, like the warrior spear, 
 Tho' shiver'd in the dust." 
 
 Brooke, Gustavus Vasa, v. 7. 
 
 697, 8. " ' Why do I overlive? 
 
 Why am I mock'd with death, and lengthen'd out 
 To deathless pain ? How gladly would I meet 
 Mortality, my sentence, and be earth 
 Insensible ! How glad would lay me down 
 
V. 495— 502. 
 
 BOOK IX. 
 
 V 503 — 53'. 
 
 255 
 
 ( )r thou, great sire of gods, compassion take, 
 And with thy bolt thrust down this hated 
 head ^ 700 
 
 Beneath th' infernal realms ; since other- 
 wise 
 T cannot burst away a ruthless life." 
 I ly tliis her weeping are their spirits shocked, 
 And mournful walling spreads among them 
 
 all: 
 Their shattered pow'rs are listless for the 
 
 frays. 
 Her, as their sorrows she inflames, Idaeus 
 And Actor, by direction of Ilioneus, 
 And of lulus, weeping sorely, grasp. 
 And 'tween their hands replace beneath 
 her roof. 
 
 As in my mother's lap ! There I should rest. 
 
 And sleep secure Why comes not death,' 
 
 Said he, ' with one thrice-acceptable stroke 
 
 To end me V " Milton, P. L., b. x. 
 
 " O amiable lovely death ! . . . . 
 Arise forth from the couch of lasting night. 
 Thou hate and terror to prosperity. 
 And I will kiss thy detestable bones ; 
 And put my eye-balls in thy vaulty brows : 
 And ring these fingers with thy household worms : 
 And stop this gap of breath with fulsome dust. 
 And be a carrion monster like thyself." 
 
 Shakespeare, K. yohn, iii. 4. 
 703. Grief is the greater suffering for the want of 
 tears : 
 
 " Is it at last then so ? Is he then dead ? 
 What ! dead at last ? quite, quite, for ever dead ? 
 There, there, I see him : there he lies, the blood 
 Yet bubbling from his wounds. Oh, more than 
 
 savage ! 
 Had they or hearts or eyes that did this deed ? 
 Could eyes endure to guide such cruel hands ? 
 Are not my eyes guilty alike with theirs. 
 That thus can gaze, and yet not turn to stone ? — 
 I do not weep ! The springs of tears are dried ; 
 And of a sudden I am calm, as if 
 All things were well ; — and yet my husband's mur- 
 dered ! 
 Yes, yes, I know to mourn ! I'll sluice this heart. 
 The source of woe, and let the torrent loose." 
 
 Congreve, Mourning Bride, end. 
 
 705. " This melancholy flatters, but unmans you ; 
 What is it else but penury of soul ; 
 A lazy frost, a numbness of the mind. 
 That locks up all the vigour to attempt?" 
 
 Dryden, Cleotnenes, i. i. 
 
 Glover attributes the same effect to tender music, 
 :uid beautifully illustrates it : 
 
 " In admiration mute, 
 With nerves unbrac'd by rapture, he, entranc'd. 
 Stands like an eagle, when his parting plumes 
 The balm of sleep relaxes, and his wings 
 Fall from his languid side." LeoniJas, b. vi. 
 
 709. They might have said to her : 
 
 " Weep no more, nor sigh, nor groan ; 
 Sorrow calls no time's that gone : 
 Violets pluck'd the sweetest rain 
 Makes not fresh, nor grow again. 
 Trim thy locks, look cheerfully ; 
 Fate's hid ends eyes cannot see : 
 Toys as winged dreams fly fast ! 
 Why should sadness longer last ? 
 
 But fearful din the trumpet from afar 
 Clanged forth from ringing bronze : a shout 
 
 ensues, 711 
 
 And back the welkin roars. The Volsci haste 
 At even pace, a vault of bucklers formed ; 
 And they the trenches to fill up prepare, 
 And root away the palisade. Some .seek 
 An entrance, and with scaling-gear to climb 
 The ramparts, where the line is thin, and 
 
 light 
 The ring lets through, not so compact 
 
 with men. 
 On th' other hand the Teucri shower forth 
 All sort[s] of weaponry, and thrust them 
 
 down 720 
 
 With sturdy poles, inured to guard their 
 
 walls 
 In their long war. Stones, too, with 
 
 troublous weight 
 They rolled, if they could any way break 
 
 through 
 The shielded line : while still it is their joy 
 Beneath the serried vault of shields to bear 
 All hazards. Neither do they now hold out : 
 For, where th' enormous phalanx edges nigh. 
 The Trojans roll alike and force along 
 A monster pile, which whelmed the Rutuli 
 Far- wide, and broke their canopy of arms. 
 Nor further do the bold Rutulians seek 73 1 
 In blind encounter to engage, but strive 
 To drive them from the palisade with darts. 
 Elsewhere Mezentius, fearful to be viewed. 
 Swayed an Etruscan pine, and on them 
 
 flings 
 Smoke-yielding fires. Moreo'er Messapus, 
 Steed-tamer, Neptune's son, the palisade 
 Tears down, and calls for ladders 'gainst 
 
 the walls. 
 You, O Calliope, do I entreat. 
 Breathe on me as I sing what massacres 
 There then with steel, what deaths, did 
 
 Tumus cause ; 741 
 
 What hero each despatched adown to hell ; 
 And the great outlines of the war with me 
 Do ye unfold : for ye, O goddesses. 
 Alike remember, and ye can record. 
 
 There was a tower of colossal height 
 And [flanked] with lofty bridges, by its 
 
 place 
 
 Grief is but a wound to woe : 
 Gentlest fair, mourn, mourn no mo." 
 Fletcher, The Queen 0/ Corinth, iii. 2. 
 
 717. " And now reduc'd on equal terms to fight. 
 Their ships like wasted patrimonies show ; 
 
 Where the thin scattering trees admit the light. 
 And shun each other's shadows as they grow." 
 Dryden, Annus Miraiilis, 126. 
 
 746. " And lifted up his loftie towres thereby. 
 That they began to threat the neighbour sky." 
 Spenser, Mothtr HubbenCs TaU. 
 
256 
 
 V. 531—559. 
 
 THE jENEID. 
 
 V. 559—581. 
 
 Of vantage ; which to th' utmost of their 
 
 strength ' 
 Th' Itahans struggled all to take by storm, 
 And raze with fullest effort of their powers. 
 The Trojans, on the other hand, with stones 
 Protect it, and through hollow loopholes, 
 
 close, 752 
 
 Their weapons launch upon them. In the 
 
 van 
 A flaring firebrand Tumus hurled amain. 
 And to its side a blaze he fastened ; which 
 All-potent through the wind, the plankings 
 
 seized. 
 And grappled to the uprights, inly gnawed. 
 They, in confusion, are alarmed inside, 
 And vainly from their evils wish escape. 
 While they together crowd, and settle back 
 Upon that side, which from the plague is 
 
 free ; 761 
 
 Then with the sudden weight down fell 
 
 the tower. 
 And all the welkin thunders with the crash. 
 To earth half-lifeless, with a monster mass 
 Pursuing them, and stabbed by their own 
 
 darts. 
 And through their breasts with rigid wood 
 
 transpierced. 
 They swoop. With difficulty one, Helenor 
 And Lycus 'scaped : of whom the tender- 
 aged 
 Helenor, — whom to the Maeonian king 
 The slave Licymnia covertly had borne. 
 And in forbidden armor sent to Troy, — 
 Was light [accoutred] with a naked sword. 
 And with a blank escutcheon unrenowned. 
 And he, — when he perceived himself amid 
 The heart of Turnus' thousands, Latin 
 
 troops 775 
 
 On this side standing by, and troops on 
 
 that ;— 
 As [some] wild beast, which by a massive 
 
 ring 
 Of hunters pent, against their weapons 
 
 storms. 
 And flings her, not unknowing, on her 
 
 death, 
 And with a spring is borne beyond their 
 
 spears : — 780 
 
 Not otherwise the stripling, doomed to die, 
 Hurtles upon the centre of his foes. 
 And, where he sees the weapons thickest, 
 
 darts. 
 But Lycus, far superior with his feet. 
 Alike amid the foes, and 'mid their arms. 
 In flight is holding on the walls, and strives 
 To clutch the lofty copings with his hand, 
 And reach the right hands of his comrades : 
 
 whom 
 Tumus, at once pursuing with full speed 
 
 And dart, upbraids triumphant in these 
 
 [terms] : 790 
 
 "Hast hoped, O madman, that thou 
 
 couldst escape 
 Our hands ?" At once he grasps him as 
 
 he hangs. 
 And with a mighty portion of the wall 
 He tears him down : as when or hare, or 
 
 swan 
 Of snowy figure, hath the squire of Jove, 
 Seeking the heights, upborne with hooky 
 
 claws ; 
 Or, by its mother sought with many a bleat, 
 
 a lamb 
 The wolf of Mars hath ravished from the 
 
 cotes. 
 In every quarter is a shout upraised. 
 On rush they, and with rubbish fill the 
 
 dykes : 800 
 
 Some volley blazing torches to the heights. 
 Ilioneus [lays prostrate] with a rock. 
 E'en a stupendous fragment of a mount, 
 Lucetius, as he closes on the gate. 
 And carries fires ; Liger Emathion fells, 
 Asilas Corynaeus ; — one adept 
 In javelin, in the far-deceiving bolt 
 The other. Cseneus [kills] Ortygius, 
 Turnus the conqu'ring Cseneus; Turnus 
 
 [slays] 
 Itys, and Clonius, Dioxippus, 810 
 
 And Promolus, and Sagaris, and Idas, 
 As he is standing for the tower tops ; 
 Capys Privernus. Him Themilla's nimble 
 
 spear 
 At first had grazed : he, — buckler cast 
 
 away, — 
 A hand in madness to the wound applied : 
 So towards him flew the arrow on its wings, 
 And to his left side fast the hand was nailed, 
 And, inly buried, with a deathful wound 
 The spirit's breathing passages it burst. 
 In peerless arms the son of Arcens stood, 
 
 794. Spenser thus describes the whiteness of the 
 swan: 
 
 " With that I saw two swannes of goodly hewe 
 Come softly swimming downe along the lee ; 
 Two fairer birds I yet did never see : 
 The snow, which doth the top of Pindus strew, 
 Did never whiter shew. 
 
 Nor Jove himselfe, when he a swan would be 
 For love of Leda, whiter did appeare : 
 Yet Leda was (they say) as white as he. 
 Yet not so white as these, nor nothing near 
 So purely white they were, 
 That even the gentle stream, the which them 
 
 bare, 
 Seem'd foule to them, and bad his billowes spare 
 To wet their silken feathers, least they might 
 Soyle their fayre plumes with water not so fayre ; 
 And marre their beauties bright. 
 That shone as Heavens light." 
 
 Prothalamion, st. 3. 
 
V, 582—605. 
 
 BOOK IX. 
 
 V. 606 — 609. 
 
 257 
 
 With needled cloak, and bright in dusky 
 
 dye 82 1 
 
 Of Spain, distinguished in appearance ; 
 
 whom 
 His father Arcens had despatched, brought 
 
 up 
 Within his mother's grove, about the streams 
 Of the Symaethus, where Palicus' altar 
 
 [stands], 
 Rich and appeasable. His whizzing sling, — 
 Spears laid aside, — Mezentius e'en himself. 
 Its thong indrawn thrice round his head, 
 
 discharged. 
 And in the centre clove apart his brows, 
 As he confronted him, with molten lead. 
 And stretched him prostrate on the plen- 
 teous sand. . 831 
 Then first in battle is Ascanius said 
 T' have aimed the nimble arrow, (hereto- 
 fore 
 Accustomed to alarm the flying beasts,) 
 And with his hand t' have overthrown the 
 
 brave 
 Numanus, who had Remulus for surname ; 
 And, lately wedded in the marriage bond, 
 Had Tumus' younger sister [to his bride]. 
 He, yelling out before the leading line 
 [Words] seemly and unseemly to be named, 
 And puffed in heart with novel kingship, 
 stalked, 841 
 
 And moved him on, a giant, with the cry : 
 '* Doth it not shame you to be closed again 
 By siege and trench, ye Phrygians, cap- 
 
 tived twice. 
 And in the front of death to stretch your 
 
 walls ? 
 Lo ! [fools,] who matches with us claim to 
 
 them 
 By war ! What god, what madness, drove 
 
 you on 
 To Italy ? No sons of Atreus here, 
 No, nor Ulysses, liar in his speech. 
 Hardy from its original our race, 850 
 
 Our children to the rivers from the first 
 We carry down, and in the felon frost. 
 And in the waves we steel them ; for the 
 
 chase 
 Our boys are wakeful, and they tire the 
 woods ; 
 
 852. " Heaven's arch is oft their roof, the pleasant 
 
 shed 
 Of oak and plane oft serves them for a bed. 
 To suffer want, soft pleasure to despise, 
 Run over panting mountains crown'd with ice. 
 Rivers o'ercome, the wasted lakes appal, 
 (licing to themselves oars, steerers, ships and all,) 
 Is their renown : a brave all-daring race. 
 Courageous, prudent, doth this climate grace." 
 
 Drummond, The Speech 0/ Caledonia. 
 854. " Let Sloth lie softening till high noon in dowo. 
 Or lolling fan her in the sultry tows, 
 
 Their pastime is to manage steeds, and 
 
 shafts 
 To aim from bow. Yea, tolerant of toils, 
 And used to scantness, either doth our 
 
 youth 
 Tame earth with harrows, or thrill towns 
 
 with war. 
 With iron every stage of life is worn, 
 
 Unnerv'd with rest : and turn her own disease. 
 
 Or foster others in luxurious ease : 
 
 I mount the courser, call the deep-mouth'd hounds, 
 
 The fox unkenncU'd flies to covert grounds; 
 
 I lead where stags through tangled thickets tread, 
 
 And shake the saplings with their branching head : 
 
 I make the faulcons wing their airy way. 
 
 And soar to seize, or stooping strike their prey ; 
 
 To snare the fish I fix the luring bait : 
 
 To wound the fowl I load the gun with fate." 
 
 Parnell. Health. 
 855. " Oh ! he's all hero, scorns th' inglorious ease 
 Of lazy Crete, delights to shine in arms. 
 To wield the sword, and lanch the pointed spear: 
 To tame the generous horse, that nobly wild 
 Neighs on the hills, and dares the angry lion : 
 To join the struggling coursers to his chariot. 
 To make their stubborn necks the reins obey. 
 To turn, to stop, or stretch along the plain." 
 
 Smith, Pfuedra and Hippolytus, i. i . 
 
 857. " To dare boldly. 
 
 In a fair cause, and, for their country's safety. 
 To run upon the cannon's mouth undaunted ; 
 To obey their leaders, and shun mutinies ; 
 To bear with patience the winter's cold. 
 And summer's scorching heat, and not to faint. 
 When plenty of provision fails, with hunger ; — 
 Are the essential parts make up a soldier." 
 Massinger, A New Way to Pay Old Debts, i. 
 
 " Yet still, e'en here, content can spread a charm, 
 Redress the clime, and all its rage disarm. 
 Though poor the peasant's hut, his feasts though 
 
 small, 
 He sees his little lot the lot of all ; 
 Sees no contiguous palace rear its head« 
 To shame the meanness of his humble shed ; 
 No costly lord the sumptuous banquet deal. 
 To make him loathe his vegetable meal ; 
 But calm, and bred in ignorance and toil, 
 Each wish contracting, fits him to the soil. 
 Cheerful at morn, he wakes from short repose. 
 Breathes the keen air, and carols as he goes ; 
 With patient angle trolls the finny deep. 
 Or drives his vent'rous ploughshare to the steep ; 
 Or seeks the den where snow-tracks mark the 
 
 way. 
 And drags the struggling savage into day. 
 At night returning, ev'rj' labour sped. 
 He sits him down the monarch of a shed ; 
 Smiles by his cheerful fire, and round survc>'s 
 His children's looks, that brighten at the blare 
 While his lov'd partner, boastful of her hoard, 
 Displays her cleanly platter on the board : 
 And haply too some pilgrim, thither led. 
 With many a tale repays the nightly bed." 
 
 Goldsmith, Traveller. 
 
 859. " Nature, a mother kind alike to all. 
 Still grants her bliss at labour's earnest call ; 
 With food as well the peasant is supply'd 
 On Idra's cliff as Arno's sheivy side ; 
 A«d though the rocky-crested summits frown, ^^ 
 These rocks, by custom, turn to beds of down." 
 
 Ibid. 
 S 
 
258 
 
 V. 6o9 — 620. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 621 — 641. 
 
 And with the spear reversed our bullocks' 
 
 backs 860 
 
 We harass ; nor doth sluggish eld impair 
 The powers of our mind, and change their 
 
 force. 
 Hoar hairs with helm we press, and 'tis 
 
 our joy 
 To bring together booty ever fresh, 
 And live by plunder. Broidered is your dress 
 With saffron hue and shining purple dye ; 
 Sloth is your heart['s delight] ; your joy it is 
 To revel in the dance ; your tunics, too, 
 Have sleeves, and lappets have your caps. 
 
 O sooth 
 Ve Phrygian girls, for you're no Phrygian 
 
 men, 870 
 
 CiO through the lofty tops of Dindymus, 
 Where gives the pipe to you, thereto inured, 
 A melody [that rings] from double mouth. 
 The timbrels, and the Berecynthian flute 
 Of the Idsean mother summon you ; 
 Leave arms to 7nen, and from the sword 
 
 withdraw." 
 
 868. " Thee the voice, the dance, obey, 
 
 Temper'd to thy warbled lay. 
 
 O'er Idalia's velvet-green 
 
 The rosy-crowned Loves are seen 
 
 On Cytherea's day. 
 
 With antic Fports and blue-ey'd pleasures. 
 
 Frisking light in frolic measures ; 
 
 Now pursuing, now retreating. 
 
 Now in circling troops they meet : 
 
 To brisk notes in cadence beating. 
 
 Glance their many-twinkling feet." 
 
 Gray, The Progress of Poesy. 
 870. " Where hast thou been since first the fight 
 began. 
 Thou less than woman in the shape of man ?" 
 Dryden, The hidian Emperor, 1.2. 
 873. _ " Lycis dies. 
 
 For boist'rous war ill-chosen. He was skill'd 
 To tune the lolling flute, and melt the heart ; 
 Or with his pipe's awak'ning strain allure 
 The lovely dames of Lydia to the dance. 
 They on the verdant level graceful mov'd 
 In vary'd measures ; while the cooling breeze 
 Hcneath their swelling garments wanton'd o'er 
 Their snowy breasts, and smooth Cayster's 
 
 stream. 
 Soft-gliding, murmur'd by." 
 
 Glover, Leonidas, b. viii. 
 876. " Remember whom you are to cope withal : 
 A sort of vagabonds, rascals, run-aways, 
 A scum of hretagnes, and base lackey peasants, 
 AVhom their o'er-cloyed country vomits forth 
 To desp'rate ventures, and assur'd destruction. 
 You sleeping safe, they bring you to unrest ; 
 You having lands, and bless'd with beauteous 
 
 wives. 
 They would distrain the one, distain the other. 
 And who doth lead them, but a paltry fellow. 
 Long kept in Bretagne at our mother's cost ; 
 A milksop, one that never in his life 
 Felt so much cold as over shoes in snow? 
 Let's whip these stragglers o'er the seas again ; 
 Lash hence these over-weening rags of France, 
 I'hese famish 'd beggars, weary of their lives ; 
 Who, but for dreaming on this fond exploit, 
 
 The like as brags he in his speech, and 
 
 chants 
 His awful taunts, Ascanius brooked him not ; 
 And, right in front, upon the horse-hair 
 
 string 
 He stretched the bolt, and, drawing out 
 
 his arms 880 
 
 In opposite directions, took his stand, 
 First humbly supplicating Jove by vows : 
 " Almighty Jove, assist my bold emprise. 
 Myself will, in thy honor, to thy fanes 
 Bring yearly gifts, and 'fore thy altars place 
 A snowy bullock with a gilded brow. 
 And bearing on a level with the dam 
 His head, who butts already with his horn, 
 And tosses with his feet the sand." The 
 
 father heard. 
 And from a cloudless quarter of the sky 
 He thundered on the left : the doom-fraught 
 
 bow 891 
 
 At the same instant gives a twang. Forth 
 
 flies. 
 As fearfully it whirrs, the indrawn shaft. 
 And pierces through the head of Remulus, 
 And with the steel bores through his hollow 
 
 brows. 
 "Go, mock our valor with thy haughty prate ! 
 Twice-captived Phrygians these replies 
 
 return 
 To Rutulans." Ascanius this alone. 
 The Teucri follow with acclaim, and shout 
 With joy, and raise his courage to the stars. 
 In the celestial region then by chance 901 
 The tressed Apollo from above beheld 
 The squadrons of Ausonia,and their town, — 
 Sitting upon a cloud, — and in these [words] 
 The conquering lulus he bespeaks : 
 " Heav'n bless thee in thy virgin valor, boy ; 
 
 For want of means, poor rats, had hang'd them- 
 selves : 
 If we be conquer'd, let men conquer us." 
 
 Shakespeare, K. Richard III., v. iii. 
 900. " A valiant gentleman, whate'er thou art ! 
 And, by mine honour, very nobly fought 
 I have not seen, in all my life before. 
 So young, and tender, and effeminate a face 
 Father such rough and manly fortitude." 
 Webster, The Weakest goeth to the Wall, v. i. 
 902. " When good men pursue 
 
 The path mark'd out by virtue, the blest saints 
 With joy look on it, and seraphick angels 
 Clap their celestial wings in heavenly plaudits. 
 To see a scene of grace so well presented. 
 The fiends, and men made up of envy, mourn- 
 ing." Massinger, The Maid of Honour, v. 1. 
 " He is like 
 Nothing that we have seen, yet doth resemble 
 Apollo, as I oft have fancied him. 
 When, rising from his bed, he stirs himself 
 And shakes day from his hair." 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Cupid's Revenge, i. 3. 
 906. " This brave youth, 
 
 This bud of Mars, (for yet he is no riper,) 
 
V. 641 — 663. 
 
 BOOK IX. 
 
 V. 664 — 693. 
 
 259 
 
 1 hus to the stars advance is made, O thou 
 By gods engendered, and to gender gods. 
 All wars, which are by fate to come, beneath 
 The line of Assarac shall duly sink 910 
 To rest ; nor thee doth Troy confine." At 
 
 once 
 These having spoken forth, from heav'n on 
 
 high 
 He throws himself, disparts the breathing 
 
 gales, 
 And seek Ascanius. Then in shape of face 
 Is metamorphosed into Bates aged. 
 He to the Dardan[-sprung] Anchises erst 
 Was squire, and trusty warder at his gates : 
 His sire then to Ascanius as his mate 
 Consigned him. Paced Apollo,' like in all 
 The aged [man] both in his voice and hue. 
 And hoary locks, and armor, fell with din ; 
 And in these words the hot lulus he 922 
 Accosts : *' Be it enough, ^neas-born. 
 That by thy weapons hath Numanus fallen. 
 With mischief none [to thee] : this maiden 
 
 praise 
 The great Apollo doth to thee allow, 
 And grudgeth not equality in arms. 
 P'orwhat remains, desist, O boy, from war." 
 Thus saying, in the midst of his discourse 
 Apollo quitted mortal ken, and far 930 
 To filmy air he vanished from his eyes. 
 The Dardan chieftains recognised the god. 
 And heav'nly shafts, and in his flight they 
 
 heard 
 His quiver rattling. Therefore at the words 
 And will divine of Phoebus they restrain 
 Ascanius, greedy of the fight : themselves 
 Into the battle-strife once more advance. 
 And on unhidden dangers fling their lives. 
 
 When once he had drawn blood, and fleshed his 
 
 sword. 
 Fitted his manly metal to his spirit, 
 How he bestirred him ! What a lane he made. 
 And through their fiery bullets thrust securely. 
 The hardened villains wondering at his confidence !" 
 J. Fletcher, The Lover's Progress, i. 2. 
 
 Ascanius might have said, with Melantius in The 
 Maid's Tragedy, by Beaumont and Fletcher, iv. 2 : 
 " When I was a boy, 
 I thrust myself into my country's cause. 
 And did a deed that pluck'd five years from time. 
 And styl'd me man then." 
 
 ' ' Come, brother John ; full bravely hast thou flesh'd 
 Thy maiden sword." 
 
 Shakespeare, \ K. Henry IV., v. 4. 
 
 928. Ascanius was probably inclined enough to 
 quarrel with the inhibition. 
 
 " A'. James. And whither art thou going, pretty 
 
 Ned? 
 Xed. To seek some birds, and kill them, if I can : 
 And now my schoolmaster is also gone. 
 So have I liberty to ply my bow : 
 For, when he comes, I stir not from my book." 
 R. Greene, George-a-Greene. 
 
 A shout careers along the battlements 
 Throughout the walls ; they briskly bend 
 
 the bows, 940 
 
 And whirl the thong : with weapons all 
 
 the ground 
 Is strewed. Then bucklers and the hollow 
 
 helms 
 Give forth a ringing with the clash. A fight 
 Fierce rises, fierce as, swooping from the 
 
 west. 
 Through [influence] of the rainy Kids, a 
 
 shower 
 Lashes the ground ; as storms, with plente- 
 ous hail. 
 Dash headlong on the floods, when Jupiter, 
 With Austers dread, a wat'ry tempest hurls, 
 And in the welkin brasts the hollow clouds . 
 Pand'rus and Bitias, sprung from Ida-born 
 Alcanor, whom within the holy wood 951 
 Of Jove the sylvan [nymph] laera reared, — 
 Youths on a level with their native firs 
 And mounts, — the gate, which at the chiefs 
 
 command 
 Was given to their charge, they open throw, 
 Relying on their arms, and freely court 
 The foe inside their walls. Themselves 
 
 within 
 Upon the right and left, before the towers 
 Stand armed in steel, and glist'ring with 
 
 their plumes 
 Upon their stately heads : as, heaven-high, 
 By rilling streams, or on the banks of Po, 
 Or near sweet Athesis, in union mount 
 A pair of oaks, and lift their heads un- 
 shorn 963 
 Up to the sky, and nod with tow'ring crest. 
 The Rutuli burst in, when they beheld 
 A passage lying open. Quercens straight. 
 And, beauteous in his arms, Aquicolus, 
 And Tmarus, rash of soul, and warlike 
 
 Haemon, 
 With all their troops, or, routed, turned 
 
 their backs. 
 Or in the very threshold of the gate 970 
 Laid down their life. Then passion more 
 
 and more 
 Is waxing greater in their hostile souls ; 
 And now, together massed, the Trojans 
 
 crowd 
 To the same point, and dare with hand to 
 
 hand 
 T' encounter, and to sally farther forth. 
 
 To chieftain Tumus, at a ditPrent side 
 While storming, and confounding troops, 
 
 is brought 
 The tidings, that the foe is all afire 
 With slaughter fresh, and proffers open gates. 
 
 963. " Having their tops familiar with the sky." 
 Dray toil, Folyolhwn, vii. 
 K 2 
 
2 6o 
 
 V. 694—717. 
 
 THE jENEID. 
 
 V. 717—748. 
 
 He quits his enterprise, and, roused by wrath 
 Ferocious, dashes to the Dardan gate, 981 
 And the proud brothers ; and Antiphates 
 The first, (for he himself presented first,) 
 The bastard issue from a Theban dame 
 Of high Sarpedon, with a jav'hn hurled 
 Does he lay low : th' Italian cornel wings 
 Through balmy air, and, in the gorget stuck, 
 It penetrates beneath his bosom deep : 
 The cavern of the sable wound returns 
 A frothing wave, and in his pierced lung 
 The iron heats. Then Merops with his hand 
 He fells, and Erymas, Aphidnus then ; 992 
 Then Bitias, as he flashes with his eyes, 
 And rages in his spirit, — not with dart: 
 For not to dart would he have life resigned ; 
 But, hissing loud, the whirled phalaric 
 
 swooped, 
 Shot like the levin ; which nor twain bull- 
 hides, 
 Nor trusty coat of mail, with double plate 
 And gold withstood : together sinking fall 
 His giant limbs. The earth gives forth a 
 groan, looo 
 
 And o'er him thunders his colossal shield. 
 Suchlike at times on the Euboean strand 
 Of Baice doth a stony structure sink, 
 Which, whilom built of mountain piles, 
 
 they fling 
 In ocean : thus it headlong trails a wreck. 
 And, dashed upon the shoals, sinks quite to 
 
 rest ; 
 Tlie seas embroil them and the swarthy sands 
 Are heaved. Then quakes with din high 
 
 Prochyta, 
 And, — flinty couching-place, — Inarime, 
 By Jove's commands upon Typhoeus placed. 
 Here armor-puissant Mars imparted soul 
 
 989. If "cavern" be thought too strong for 
 English usage, it is easy to substitute " hollow " or 
 "opening." 
 
 1000, I. Spenser speaks similarly of the fall of 
 the giant's club, in the duel with Arthure : 
 " Therewith the gyaunt buckled him to fight, 
 Inflamd with scornefuU wrath and high disdaine. 
 And lifting up his dreadfull club on hight, 
 All armd with ragged snubbes and knottie graine, 
 Him thought at first encounter to have slaine. 
 But wise and wary was that noble pere ; 
 And, lightly leaping from so monstrous maine, 
 Did fayre avoide the violence him nere ; 
 It booted nought to thinke such thunderbolts to 
 
 beare ; 
 " Ne shame he thought to shonne so hideous might : 
 The ydle stroke, enforcing furious way, 
 Missing the marke of his misaymed sight, 
 Did fall to ground, and with his heavy sway 
 So deepely dinted in the driven clay, 
 That three yardes deepe a furrow up did throw : 
 The sad earth, wounded with so sore assay, 
 Did grone full grievous underneath the blow ; 
 And, trembling with strange feare, did like an 
 erthquake show." F. Q., i. 8, 7, 8. 
 
 And vigor to the Latins, and he turned 
 His pungent goads beneath their breast, 
 
 and sent 1013 
 
 Upon the Trojans Flight and gloomy Fear. 
 From ev'ry quarter they together flock. 
 Since opportunity of fight is given, 
 And on their spirit falls the warrior-god. 
 As soon as Pandarus his brother sees 
 With outstretched carcass, and in what estate 
 Their fortune stands, what chance directs 
 
 affairs : 1020 
 
 The gate upon its veering hinge he wheels 
 With force prodigious, with his shoulders 
 
 broad 
 Against it bearing, and leaves many of his 
 
 [friends] 
 In the sore contest from the walls shut out ; 
 But others of them with himself shuts in, 
 And as they rush along admits them : fool ! 
 Who could not see in centre of the troop 
 The king of the Rutulians hurtling on. 
 But pent him in the town by his own act. 
 Like [some] huge tiger 'mong the passive 
 
 flocks. 1030 
 
 Straight from his eyes beamed forth un- 
 wonted light. 
 And fearfully his armor clanged ; his plumes 
 Of bloody color quiver on his head, 
 And flashing levins from his shield he darts. 
 The kneads, troubled on a sudden, know 
 His hated visage and his giant limbs. 
 Then Pandarus, the mighty, forward springs. 
 And, hot with choler at a brother's death. 
 Speaks forth : " This is not, of thy dowry 
 
 [share], 
 Amata's palace ; nor doth Ardea's heart 
 Incloister Turnus in his native walls. 1041 
 Hostile encampments thou beholdest : hence 
 There is no power to escape." To him 
 The smiling Turnus with a breast composed: 
 * ' Begin, if any prowess in thy soul 
 [There dwelleth], and thy right hand close 
 
 engage ; 
 To Priam thou shalt say, that here as well 
 There hath been an Achilles found :" he said. 
 The other, straining with his utmost strength, 
 A spear hurls forth upon him, rough with 
 
 knots, 
 And bark untrimmed. The gales caught 
 
 up the wound ; 105 1 
 
 Saturnian Juno coming turned it off. 
 And on the gate the spear is stuck. ' ' But not 
 This weapon, which with pow r wields my 
 
 right hand, 
 Shalt thou escape : for no such [warrior] he, 
 The sender of the weapon and the wound." 
 
 1029. Que, if rendered " and," would make the 
 passage unintelligible. 
 
V. 749—774- 
 
 BOOK IX. 
 
 ▼. 775—789. 
 
 261 
 
 Thus speaks he, and he rises up aloft 
 On his uplifted sword, and with the steel 
 His middle brow, betwixt the temples twain, 
 He rives asunder, and the hairless cheeks, 
 With an enormous wound. A crash is raised: 
 The earth is with the giant load convulsed. 
 His sinking limbs and arms, blood-stained 
 
 with brains, 1063 
 
 He stretches as he dies upon the ground ; 
 And down his head on this side and on that 
 In equal parts from either shoulder hung. 
 The Trojans, wheeled around with quaking 
 
 dread, 
 In all directions fly, and if that thought 
 Had straightway to the conqueror oc- 
 curred, — 
 To burst the bolts asunder with his hand. 
 And through the gates to let his comrades 
 
 in,— 1071 
 
 That day would to the war and race have 
 
 proved 
 Their last. But frenzy, and the madding lust 
 Of slaughter, drove him burning on his foes 
 In front. First Phalaris he overtakes. 
 And hamstrung Gyges ; then he flings the 
 
 spears, 
 Reft from them, on the fliers on their back : 
 Juno the powers and the soul supplies. 
 He Halys adds their comrade, Phegeus too. 
 With shield transpierced ; then wareless on 
 
 the walls, 1080 
 
 And rousing Mars, Alcander e'en and 
 
 Haliu5, 
 Noemon too and Prytanis, 
 Lynceus, against him moving in advance, 
 And calling on his mates, with waving sword 
 He, straining ev'ry effort, from the mound 
 Deftly anticipates ; his head, struck off" 
 In close encounter at a single blow. 
 Lay far away together with his helm. 
 Next Amycus, destroyer of wild-beasts. 
 Than whom none other was more fortunate 
 In ointing jav'lins, and in arming steel 
 With poison ; Clytius, too, of /Eolus 1092 
 The son, and Cretheus, of the Muses friend, 
 
 1073. See note on 1. 501, 2. 
 
 1093-6, Ben Jonson has a noble oassage, in 
 which he contrasts the good poet with the bad : 
 " I can refell opinion, and approve 
 The state of poesy, such as it is, 
 Blessed, eternal, and most true divine : 
 Indeed, if you will look on poesy. 
 As she appears in many, poor and lame, 
 Patch'd up in remnants and old worn-out rags, 
 Half starv'd for want of her peculiar food. 
 Sacred invention ; then, I must confirm 
 Both your conceit and censure of her merit : 
 But view her in her glorious ornaments. 
 Attired in the majesty of art. 
 Set high in spirit with the precious taste 
 Of sweet philosophy ; and, which is most. 
 
 Cretheus, the Muses' comrade, in whose 
 
 heart 
 Songs ever [dwell], and citherns, and [the 
 
 love] to strain 
 His numbers on the strings : he ever used, 
 Horses, and heroes' arms, and fights, to 
 
 chant. 
 At length, [when now] the slaughter of 
 
 their men 
 Is heard, the Trojan chiefs in conclave meet, 
 Mnestheus and keen Serestus, and they see 
 Their comrades flying and a foe let in. 
 And Mnestheus: "Whither, whither next 
 
 do ye 1 102 
 
 Your flight advance?" he cries; "what 
 
 other walls. 
 What buildings, now beyond do ye possess ? 
 Shall one man, — [he] too, O my citizens, 
 Walled by your ramparts in on ev'ry side, 
 Such fearful massacres have, unamerced. 
 Throughout the city dealt ? So many chiefs 
 Of youths despatched to Orcus ? Do ye not 
 For your unhappy land, and ancient gods, 
 And great /Eneas, dastard [as ye be]. 
 Both pity feel and shame ?" They, fired by 
 
 such, 1 1 12 
 
 Are reassured, and stand in serried host. 
 By slow degrees 'gan Turnus to retreat 
 
 Crown'd with the rich traditions of a soul, 
 
 That hates to have her dignity prophaned 
 
 With any relish of an earthly thought : — 
 
 Oh then how proud a presence doth she bear ! 
 
 Then is she like herself, fit to be seen 
 
 Of none but grave and consecrated eyes. 
 
 Nor is it any blemish to her fame 
 
 That such lean, ignorant, and blasted wits. 
 
 Such brainless gulls, should utter their stolen 
 
 wares 
 With such applauses in our vulgar ears ; 
 Or that their slubber'd lines have current pass 
 From the fat judgments of the multitude ; 
 But that this barren and infected age. 
 Should set no difference 'twixt these empty spirits, 
 And a true poet ; than which reverend name 
 Nothing can more adorn humanity." 
 
 Every Man in his Humour, v. i, Gifford's 
 note, p. 157, ed. 1816. 
 
 iio?-i2. " He call'd so loud, that all the hollow deep 
 Of Hell resounded. ' Princes, potentates. 
 Warriors, the flower of Heaven ! once yours, now 
 
 lost; 
 If such astonishment as this can seize 
 Eternal spirits : or have ye chosen this place 
 After the toil of battle to repose 
 Your wearied virtue, for the ease you find 
 To slumber here, as in the vales of Heaven f 
 Or in this abject posture have ye sworn 
 To adore the conaueror, who now beholds 
 Cherub and seraph rolling in the flood. 
 With scatter'd arms and ensigns ; till anon 
 His swift pursuers from Heaven-gates discern 
 The advantage, and, descending, tread us down 
 Thus drooping, or with linked thunderbolts 
 Transfix us to the bottom of this gulf? 
 Awake, arise, or be for ever fallen !' " 
 
 Milton, P. L., b. i. 
 
262 
 
 V. 789 — 805. 
 
 THE JENEID. 
 
 V. 805—818. 
 
 From the engagement, and to seek the 
 
 stream, 
 And quarter which is skirted by its wave. 
 Thereby more keenly, with a mighty shout, 
 The Trojans ply them, and compact their 
 
 band : 
 As when a troop with hostile weapons galls 
 A furious lion ; but affrighted he, 1120 
 
 Fell, grimly scowling, backward draws 
 
 away ; 
 And neither rage nor prowess him allow 
 To turn his back, nor, — sooth desiring 
 
 this,— 
 Is he against it able to advance. 
 For weaponry and men. Not otherwise, 
 The doubting Turnus back withdraws his 
 
 steps. 
 Not hurried, and his soul boils up with wrath. 
 Moreo'er he even then had twice assailed 
 The centre of his foes ; he turns their troops 
 Along the ramparts routed twice in flight. 
 But all the host in hurry from the camp 
 Collects in one ; nor strength against them 
 
 dares 1132 
 
 Saturnian Juno to supply ; for Jove 
 Sent down the airy Iris from the sky, 
 Bearing his sister no silk-soft behests 
 If Turnus from the Teucri's lofty walls 
 
 Should not retire. So, neither with his 
 
 shield. 
 Nor his right hand, the youth so rude [a 
 
 shock] 
 Is able to withstand : he thus with darts. 
 From all sides showered down, is over- 
 whelmed, 1 1 40 
 Rings with unceasing clank the casque 
 
 around 
 His hollow brows, and with the stones [its 
 
 plates] 
 Of massive bronze gape open, and its plumes 
 Are torn from off his head ; nor boss avails 
 Against their dints : redouble with their 
 
 spears 
 Both Trojans, and e'en thundering Mnes- 
 
 theus. Then 
 All o'er his body perspiration drips. 
 And drives, — nor pow'r to breathe, — a 
 
 swarthy tide ; 
 A sickly panting shakes his jaded joints. 
 He then at lengthheadforemost with a spring 
 In all his armor flung him on the flood. 
 This caught the comer with its yellow gulf, 
 And bore him up on gentle waves, and 
 
 blithe, 1 153 
 
 The blood washed off, restored him to his 
 
 mates. 
 
 BOOK X. 
 
 Meanwhile all-powerful Olympus' dome 
 Is opened, and the father of the gods. 
 And monarch of mankind, a congress 
 
 calls 
 To his star-gemmed abode, wherefrom 
 
 aloft 
 On all the lands he gazes, and the camp 
 Of the Dardanians, and the Latin tribes. 
 They take their seats in double-gated halls. 
 Himself begins : " Great denizens of 
 
 heaven. 
 Pray why is your decision backward turned, 
 
 Line 6. " The great seraphic lords and cherubim 
 In close recess and secret conclave sat ; 
 A thousand demigods on golden seats, 
 Frequent and full." Milton, P. L., b. i. 
 
 Olympus' gates unfold ; in heaven's high towers 
 Appear in council all th' immortal powers. 
 Great Jove above the rest exalted sate. 
 And in his mind revolved succeeding fate ; 
 His awful eye with ray superior shone. 
 The thunder-grasping eagle guards his throne ; 
 On silver clouds the great assembly laid. 
 The great creation at one view surveyed." 
 
 Gay, The Fan, ii. 1-8. 
 
 And ye so fiercely strive with hostile souls? 
 I had refused that Italy in war 11 
 
 Should clash with Teucer's sons; what 
 variance this 
 
 10. " Ay me ! what thing on Earth, that all thing 
 
 breeds. 
 Might be the cause of so impatient plight? 
 What furie, or what feend, with felon deeds 
 Hath stirred up so mischievous despight ? 
 Can griefe then enter into heavenly harts. 
 And pierce immortall breasts with mortall smarts?" 
 Spenser, Teares of the Muses, 8. 
 
 12. The evil effects of dissension are charmingly 
 described by Shakespeare, who makes Titania say 
 to Oberott : 
 
 " These are the forgeries of jealousy; 
 And never, since the middle summer's spring, 
 Met we on hill, in dale, forest, or mead. 
 By paved fountain, or by rushy brook. 
 Or on the beached margent of the sea. 
 To dance our ringlets to the whistling wind. 
 But with thy brawls thou hast disturb'd our sport. 
 Therefore the winds, piping to us in vain. 
 As in revenge, have suck'd up from the sea 
 Contagious fogs ; which, falling in the land. 
 Have every pelting river made so proud. 
 That they have overborne their continents : 
 
V. 9— a 6. 
 
 BOOK X, 
 
 V. 27—57. 
 
 363 
 
 Against my inhibition ? What alarm 
 
 Or these, or those, hath moved to follow 
 
 arms, 
 And to provoke the sword ? The proper 
 
 time, — 
 Forestall it not, — for conflict will arrive, 
 When fierce Carthago on the Roman 
 
 heights 
 One day gigantic ruin, and the Alps, 
 Unlocked, shall loose. It then will be 
 
 allowed 
 To strive in hatred, then to force events. 
 Now cease, and glad adjust a league 
 
 agreed." 21 
 
 These Jupiter in few ; but not a few 
 The golden Venus in reply returns : 
 *' O father, O thou everlasting power 
 O'er men and things, — for now what is 
 
 there else 
 We can entreat ? — dost thou perceive how 
 
 mock 
 The Rutuli, and Tumus through the midst 
 Is borne along, conspicuous in steeds, 
 And dashes forward, puffed with fav'ring 
 
 Mars ? 
 Their fenced works screen not the Teucri 
 
 now ; 30 
 
 Moreo'er, they battle join inside the gates, 
 And in the very bulwarks of the walls ; 
 And overflow the trenches with their blood, 
 .^neas, wareless of it, is away. 
 Wilt thou ne'er let them be relieved from 
 
 siege ? 
 Once more upon the walls of infant Troy 
 
 The ox hath therefore stretch'd his yoke in vain. 
 
 The ploughman lost his sweat ; and the green com 
 
 Hath rotted, ere his youth attained a beard : 
 
 The fold stands empty in the drowned field. 
 
 And crows are fatted with the murrain flock : 
 
 The nine men's morris is fiU'd up with mud ; 
 
 And the quaint mazes in the wanton green. 
 
 For lack of tread are undistinguishable. 
 
 The human mortals want their winter cheer ; 
 
 No night is now with hymn or carol blest : — 
 
 Therefore the moon, the governess of floods. 
 
 Pale in her anger, washes all the air. 
 
 That rheumatic diseases do abound. 
 
 And thorough this distemperature, we see 
 
 The seasons alter : hoary-headed ("rosts 
 
 Fall in the fresh lap of the crimson rose ; 
 
 And on old Hyems' chin, and icy crown, 
 
 An odorous chaplet of sweet summer buds 
 
 Is, as in mockery, set. The spring, the summer. 
 
 The childing autumn, angry winter, change 
 
 Their wonted liveries ; and the mazed world. 
 
 By their increase, now knows not which is which : 
 
 And this same progeny of evil comes 
 
 From our debate, from our dissension : 
 
 We are their parents and original." 
 
 M idsummer Night's Dream, ii. 2. 
 
 ao. Does it not seem more natural to apply res 
 rapuisse to the gods, whom Jupiter is addressing, 
 and more dignified to make them anxious rather for 
 activity than for plunder? 
 
 The foeman hangs, aye e'en another host ; 
 Once more, too, 'gainst the Trojans rises 
 
 up 
 From the JEioW^vn. Arpi Tydeus' son. 
 I sooth believe that wounds remain for me, 
 And I, thy offspring, human arms await ! 
 If without thy permission, and despite 42 
 Thy heav'nly will, the Trojans Italy 
 Have sought, — their errors let them ex- 
 piate ; 
 Neither do thou assist them with thy aid : 
 But if, in their pursuance of replies 
 So many, which the deities on high, 
 And Manes, deigned j why now can any 
 
 one 
 Upset thy laws, or why new fates devise ? 
 For what should I recall the ships burnt up 
 On Eryx's strand ? For what the king of 
 
 storms 51 
 
 And blasts of fury, from ^I^^olia roused ? 
 Or Iris, from the clouds despatched ? Now 
 
 e'en 
 The Manes, — this department of the world 
 Remained untried, — she stirs, and, on the 
 
 upper realms 
 Let loose upon a sudden, hath throughout 
 The central cities of the Itali 
 Allecto revelled. Not a whit concerned 
 For universal sway am I : those hopes 
 We cherished while our fortune stood : let 
 
 those 60 
 
 Prevail, whom thou would'st rather should 
 
 prevail. 
 If lies no district, which to Teucer's sons 
 Thy flinty consort may vouchsafe, — O sire. 
 By ruined Troja's smoking wreck I crave, 
 Be it allowed [to me] from arms to send 
 Ascanius safe away ; be it allowed 
 My grandson may survive. Let, — if you 
 
 will,— 
 /Eneas be on unknown billows tossed. 
 And whatsoever path shall Fortune deign. 
 Let him pursue : this [boy] may I have 
 
 power 70 
 
 To screen, and steal him from the awful 
 
 fight. 
 Amath is [mine, mine] lofty Paphus is, 
 And high Cythera, and Idalia's home : 
 Arms laid aside, here let him pass unfamed 
 His life. With sovereign sway Carthago 
 
 bid 
 To gall Ausonia : naught to Tyrian towns 
 Shall from this quarter in resistance rise. 
 What boots it to escape the plague of war. 
 And midway to have fled through Grecian 
 
 fires. 
 And that so many dangers of the sea, 80 
 
 80. See note on yffx. v. 854. 
 
264 
 
 V. 57—79- 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 79 — lOT. 
 
 And land unbounded, to their dregs are 
 
 drained, 
 While Latium and a re-arising Pergamus 
 The Teucri seek ? Had it not better proved 
 On the last ashes of their native land 
 T' have settled down, and on the ground 
 
 whereon 
 Troy stood ? The Xanthus and the Simois, 
 I pray, restore them [in their] wretched 
 
 [plight] ; 
 And llian's haps once more to undergo, 
 O father, to the Teucer-race vouchsafe." 
 Then royal Juno, spurred by heavy rage : 
 " Why dost thou drive me silence deep to 
 
 break, 91 
 
 And blaze abroad in words a smothered 
 
 grief? 
 Hath any one of men and gods compelled 
 .^neas wars to follow, or himself 
 A foe on king Latinus to inflict ? 
 Italia, fates the movers, he hath sought : — 
 Be it so ; — by Cassandra's frenzies driven : 
 Have we advised him to forsake his camp, 
 Or trust his life to winds ? Or to a boy 
 The head administration of a war, 100 
 
 Or ramparts, to confide ? and agitate 
 A Tyrrhene covenant, or tribes at peace ? 
 What deity, what rigid force of ours. 
 Hath driven him to the blunder ? Where 
 
 is here 
 Juno, or Iris, from the clouds sent down ? 
 A scandal is it that the Itali 
 Your baby Troy with blazes should invest, 
 And Turnus settle in his native land. 
 Who had Pilumnus for his father's sire, 
 Whose mother was Venilia the divine : — 
 What ! are the Trojans with a murky torch 
 Upon the Latins violence to bring ? 112 
 The fields of others 'neath their yoke to 
 
 gall, 
 And carry off the plunder? What ! to cheat 
 
 84. " Wasted it is, as if it never were ; 
 
 And all the rest, that me so honord made. 
 
 And of the world admired ev'rie where. 
 
 Is tumd to smoake, that doth to nothing fade ; 
 
 And of that brightnes now appears no shade, 
 
 But grieslie shades, such as doo haunt in hell 
 
 With fearfull fiends, that in deep darknes dwell. 
 
 ** Where my high steeples whilom usde to stand. 
 On which the lordly faulcon wont to towre, 
 There now is but an heap of lyme and sand 
 For the shriche-owle to build her balefull bowre : 
 And where the nightingale wont forth to powre 
 Her restles plaints, to comfort wakefull lovers. 
 There now haunt yelling mewes and whining 
 plovers." Spenser, The Rtiines of Tune, 18, 19. 
 
 89. " Didst thou to Heaven address the forceful 
 prayer. 
 Fold thy fair hands, and raise the mournful eye. 
 Implore each power benevolent to spare. 
 And call down Pity from the sjolden sky ?" 
 
 Langhorne, To Miss Cracroft, 1763. 
 
 Brides' fathers, and from [people's] laps to 
 
 filch 
 Betrothed [maids] ? With hand to sue for 
 
 peace, 
 Ahead upon their ships to fasten arms ? 
 ^neas thou art able to withdraw 
 From hands of Greeks, and in a hero's 
 
 stead 
 To spread in front a cloud and empty gales ; 
 And thou art able to transshape his fleet 
 Into as many nymphs : — that we, on th' 
 
 other side, 122 
 
 In aught should aid Rutulians, — is 't a 
 
 crime ? 
 .^neas, wareless of it, is away, — 
 And let him, wareless of it, be away. 
 Paphus belongs to thee, Idalium too, 
 And high Cythera : wherefore dost thou 
 
 goad 
 A city big with wars, and rugged hearts ? 
 Are we 'gainst thee thy Phrygia's frail estate 
 Attempting from its base to' overthrow ? 
 We ? or [the hero] who to Greeks exposed 
 The wretched sons of Troy ? What was 
 
 the ground 132 
 
 That Europe e'en and Asia rose at once 
 To arms, and broke the treaties by in- 
 trigue ? 
 With me for captain did th' adulterer 
 [Of] Dardan [line] on Sparta make assault ? 
 Or was it I that furnished him with arms ? 
 Or have I fostered wars by means of lust ? 
 It then became thee to have feared for 
 
 thine ; 
 Thou, now too late, with thy unrighteous 
 
 plaints 140 
 
 Art rising up, and flinging bootless brawls." 
 
 In such did Juno plead ; and murmured 
 
 all 
 The denizens of heaven with assent 
 Diversified : as first[-arising] gales, 
 When intercepted, murmur in the woods, 
 And roll the smothered whisperings along, 
 To mariners disclosing blasts to come. 
 Then the almighty father, [he], to whom 
 The sovereign power o'er the universe 
 [Belongs], commences. As he speaks, 150 
 The gods' exalted mansion drops to rest, 
 
 142, 3. " He scarce had finish'd, when such 
 
 murmur fill'd 
 Th' assembly, as when hollow rocks retain 
 The sound of blustering winds, which all nightlong 
 Had roused the sea, now with hoarse cadence lull 
 Seafaring men o'er-watch'd, whose bark by chance, 
 Gr pinnace, anchors in a craggy bay 
 After the tempest : such applause was heard 
 As Mammon ended." Milton, P. /-., b. ii. 
 
 151. " But as the Colchian sorceress, renown'd 
 
 In legends old, or Circe, when they fram'd 
 
 A potent spell, to smoothness charm'd the main. 
 
V. loa — 117. 
 
 BOOK X, 
 
 r. 118— 145. 
 
 365 
 
 And earth, compelled to quiver to its base ; 
 The lofty sky is hushed ; then Zephyrs 
 
 lulled ; 
 The ocean quells to calm his surface-waves. 
 ** Receive then in your minds, and these 
 
 my words 
 Imprint ye. Since that Ausons should be 
 
 yoked 
 In league with Teucer's sons 'tis not allowed, 
 Nor your disunion of a close admits, 
 Whatever fortune doth to each belong 
 This day, whatever hope may each carve 
 
 out, 160 
 
 Whether he Trojan or Rutulian be, 
 Without distinction I shall [all] regard : 
 Whether through fates their camp is held 
 
 by siege 
 Of Itali, or through the ill mistake, 
 And inauspicious oracles of Troy. 
 Neither do I the Rutulans release. 
 To each shall his own enterprises bring 
 Or suflf'ring, or success : king Jupiter 
 To all the same : the Fates a path shall 
 
 find." 
 He by his Stygian brother's floods, by 
 
 banks, 1 70 
 
 That seethe with pitch and sooty whirlpool, 
 
 nods. 
 And by the nod made all Olympus quake. 
 This th' end of speaking. From his throne 
 
 of gold 
 Then Jove arises, whom the denizens 
 Of heav'n amidst them to the doors escort. 
 
 And lull'd ^olian rage by mystic song, 
 Till not a billow heav'd against the shore, 
 Nor ev'n the wanton-winged Zephyr breath'd 
 The lightest whisper through the magic air : 
 So, when thy voice, Leonidas, is heard, 
 Confusion listens ; ire in silent awe 
 Subsides." Glover, Leonidas, b. ix. 
 
 174, 5. " Thus saying rose 
 
 The Monarch, and prevented all reply. 
 * * • * But they 
 
 Dreaded not more th' adventure than his voice 
 Forbidding ; and at once with him they rose : 
 Their rising all at once was as the sound 
 Of thunder heard remote. Towards him they bend 
 With awful reverence prone. 
 
 " The Stygian council thus dissolved : and forth 
 In order came the grand infernal Peers. 
 Midst came their mighty Paramount, and seem'd 
 Alone th' antagonist of Heaven, nor less 
 Than Hell's dread emperor, with pomp supreme 
 And godlike imitated state : him round 
 A globe of fiery Seraphim enclosed 
 With bright emblazonry and horrid arms. 
 Then of their session ended they bid cry 
 With trumpets' regal sound the great result. 
 Towards the four winds four speedy Cherubim 
 Put to their mouths the sounding alchemy, 
 By heralds' voice explain'd : the hollow abyss 
 Heard far and wide, and all the host of Hell 
 With deafening shout retum'd them loud acclaim." 
 Milton, P. L., b. ii. 
 
 Meanwhile the Rutuli at all the gates 
 Press round to lay the men in slaughter 
 
 low. 
 And wrap the walls in flames. But th' 
 
 ylineads' host 
 Within their trenches by blockade are kept ; 
 Nor any hope of their escape. Distressed, 
 They stand upon the lofty tow'rs in vain. 
 And with a scanty ring beset the walls. 
 Asius Imbrasides, and Hicetaon-sprung 
 Thymoetes, and the twain Assaraci, 184 
 And Thymbris aged, with Castor — the 
 
 front line. 
 These both Sarpedon's brothers, Claras 
 
 e'en 
 And Themon, company from Lycia high. 
 With his whole body straining, brings a 
 
 stone. 
 Immense, no trifling portion of a mount, 
 Lyrnesian Acmon, neither to his sire 190 
 Clytius inferior, neither to his brother 
 Menestheus. These with javelins, those 
 
 with stones, 
 Endeavor at defence, and fire to wield, 
 And fit them arrows to the string. Him- 
 self, 
 Among the midmost the all-righteous 
 
 care 
 Of Venus, the Dardanian boy, behold ! 
 Upon his comely head uncovered, gleams 
 As doth a jewel, which the yellow gold 
 Disparts, a grace to either neck or head ; 
 Or as, through skilfulness inlaid in box, 
 Or ebony Orician, iv'ry shines : — 201 
 
 Whose streaming locks his milk-white 
 
 neck receives. 
 And band that ties them up with yielding 
 
 gold. 
 Thee also, Ism'rus, high-souled nations saw 
 Wounds aiming, and with poison-arming 
 
 bolts, 
 O gentle scion from a Lydian house : 
 Where tilths of richness work alike the 
 
 swains. 
 And waters them Pactolus with his gold. 
 There, too, was Mnestheus, whom the late 
 
 renown 
 Of Turnus, from the bulwark of the walls 
 Forced back, on high upraises ; Capys, too : 
 
 207, 8. " Where palaces, and fanes, and villas rise. 
 And gardens smile around, and cultur'd fields. 
 And fountains gush ; and careless herds and flocks 
 Securely stray ; a world within itself, 
 Disdaining all assault. There let me draw 
 Ethereal soul, there drink reviving gales. 
 Profusely breathing from the spicy groves. 
 And vales of fragrance ; there at distance hear 
 The roaring floods, and cataracts, that sweep 
 From disembowcl'd Earth the virgin gold." 
 
 Thomson, Summer. 
 
266 
 
 V. 145 — 167. 
 
 THE jENEID. 
 
 V. 167 — t: 
 
 Hence is derived the Campan city's name. 
 These 'tween them had the frays of rugged 
 war 213 
 
 Encountered : in the middle of the night 
 The narrows was ^neas cutting through. 
 For when he, ent'ring the Etrurian camp, 
 [Come] from Evander, to the king repairs, 
 And tells the king alike his name and race ; 
 E'en what he seeks, and what he brings 
 
 himself; 
 What arms Mezentius to his party wins, 
 And Turnus' furious passions, deep ex- 
 plains ; 221 
 Reminds him what should be the trust in 
 
 human things ; 
 And blends entreaties : — there is no delay : 
 Tarcho unites his pow'rs, and strikes a 
 
 league. 
 Then uncontrolled by fate, on board their 
 
 fleet 
 Embarks the Lydian nation, by behests 
 Of gods entrusted to a foreign chief. 
 The galley of ^neas keeps the van. 
 With Phrygian lions yoked beneath her 
 
 beak ; 
 An Ida overhangs them from above, 230 
 All-pleasing to the wand'ring Teucri. Here 
 The great ^neas sits, and with himself 
 Revolves the diff 'rent issues of the war ; 
 And Pallas, to his side upon the left 
 Attached, now questions him about the 
 
 stars, 
 [Guides of] their voyage through the dark- 
 some night ; 
 Now what he bore alike by land and sea. 
 
 Now open Helicon, O goddesses. 
 And stir ye up my lays ; — what host mean- 
 while 
 Attends ^neas from the Tuscan coasts. 
 And mans his ships, and o'er the deep is 
 borne. 241 
 
 First, in the bronze-beaked "Tigress" 
 Massicus 
 Cuts through the surface-waters, under 
 
 whom 
 There is a brigad of a thousand youths, 
 
 228-30. The commentators here find a difficulty 
 in explaining how, in the short space of a single 
 day, a ship should be provided with a figure-head, 
 embodying Trojan traditions. Forbiger seems to 
 think that it is easily got rid of, by the plea, that 
 Virgil writes as a poet, rather than as a historian ; 
 and that, if he succeed in pleasing his readers, he 
 has done all that can well be expected of him. Yet 
 this seems but sorry argument, when an author 
 outrages probability without the slightest necessity 
 to justify it. Indeed it is quite amusing to see how 
 the admirers of Virgil defend him on all occasions, 
 no matter what he says. In the present instance it 
 is evident enough that he has been guilty of an 
 oversight, though he is allowed to be one of the 
 most correct writers that ever wrote. 
 
 Who Clusium's walls, and who the city 
 
 Cos3e, left : 
 Whose weapons arrows be, and quivers 
 
 light 
 Upon their shoulders, and the deathful bow: 
 Along with him the grisly Abas sailed : 
 His squadron wholly in distinguished arms, 
 And with a gilt Apollo gleamed the stern. 
 His native Populonia had to him 251 
 
 Six hundred youths vouchsafed, adepts in 
 
 war ; 
 But Ilva thrice a hundred men, an isle 
 Bounteous in Chalybs' inexhausted mines. 
 The third, Asylas, of mankind and gods 
 That famous seer, whom entrails of the 
 
 flocks. 
 Whom stars of heav'n, obey, and tongues 
 
 of birds. 
 And fires of flash foresightful, hurries on 
 His thousand, close in line and bristling 
 
 spears. 
 These orders to be subject [to his sway] 
 Pisa, Alphsean from its origin, 261 
 
 A town in site Etruscan. Follows on 
 All-beauteous Astur, Astur on his steed 
 Relying, and in arms of motley hue. 
 Three hundred, — in them all the one re- 
 solve 
 Of following him, — contribute they, who 
 
 dwell 
 In Caere's home, they who in Minio's fields : 
 And ancient Pyrgi, and Gravisca; healthless. 
 I could not pass thee o'er, O Cinyra, 
 The Ligurs' chief, all-chivalrous in war, 
 And [thee,] Cupavo, companied by few. 
 From crest of whom swan's plumes arise. 
 
 Your fault 272 
 
 Was love, and th' emblem of your father's 
 
 shape. 
 
 254. Garth describes other mines : 
 " Now those profounder regions they explore. 
 Where metals ripen in vast cakes of ore. 
 Here, sullen to the sight, at large is spread 
 The dull unwieldy mass of lumpish lead. 
 There, glimmering in their dawning beds, are seen 
 The light aspiring seeds of sprightly tin. 
 The copper sparkles next in ruddy streaks. 
 And in the gloom betrays its glowing cheeks. 
 The silver then, with bright and burnish'd grace, 
 Youth and a blooming lustre in his face. 
 To th' arms of those more yielding metals flies. 
 And in the folds of their embraces lies." 
 
 Dispensary, c. vi. 71-82. 
 
 Perhaps the line in the version ought to be ren- 
 dered : 
 
 " Bounteous in Chalybes' exhaustless mines :" 
 that is, viewing inexhaustis, v. 174, as if an adjec- 
 tive in bills ; which principle must certainly be fol- 
 lowed in the case of iiivictum, v. 243. 
 
 Marston and Milton have both " unvalued" for 
 " invaluable." 
 
V. 189—374. 
 
 BOOK X, 
 
 ▼. 214 — 217. 
 
 267 
 
 For they report that Cycnus, in his woe 
 For his belovM Phaeton, among 
 The leaves of poplar and his sisters' shade, 
 The while he chants, and comforts with his 
 
 Muse 
 His mournful love, old age brought on him, 
 
 silv'ring o'er 
 With downy feather, as he leaves the lands. 
 And follows with his note the stars. His 
 
 son, 280 
 
 Attending in the fleet his fellow troops. 
 The mighty " Centaur" forces on with oars : 
 It stands upon the water, and, a rock 
 Stupendous on the billows, threats aloft, 
 And furrows seas profound with lengthful 
 
 keel. 
 Famed Ocnus.also, from his native coasts 
 His host awakens, of prophetic Manto 
 And of the Tuscan stream the son, who gave 
 Thy walls, O Mantua, and his mother's 
 
 name 
 To thee, in ancestry, O Mantua, rich : 290 
 But not the same the pedigree of all. 
 A threefold race is her's ; quadruple tribes 
 Under each race ; herself of tribes the head ; 
 From Tuscan blood her strength [derived]. 
 
 Here too 
 Five hundred 'gainst himself Mezentius 
 
 arms, 
 Whom Mincius, from his sire Benacus 
 
 [sprung]. 
 Encircled with a reed of ocean-green. 
 Brought in a hostile galley to the seas. 
 Unwieldy moves Aulestes, and the waves. 
 Uprising, lashes with a hundred trees : 300 
 The waters foam, their surface swept. 
 
 Bears him 
 The monster "Triton," e'en the sea-green 
 
 floods 
 Affrighting with his shell ; whose shaggy 
 
 front, 
 In swimming, to the waist the human shape 
 Displays, the belly in a pristis ends ; 
 In foam, below his semi-savage chest, 
 The billow brawls. So many chosen chiefs 
 Advanced in thrice ten vessels, for support 
 
 274. In this difficult passage, which is either cor- 
 rupted by the scribes, or discreditable to the poet, 
 Trapp seems to take a sounder view than Wagner 
 and Forbiger. It seems preferable to look upon 
 vestrum, v. 188, as applying to Cinyra and Cupavo, 
 regarding them as brothers. 
 
 The gue '\n/ormcegue seems fatal to Wagner's in- 
 terpretation ; while the main objection to Trapp's 
 is the singular ^//«j ; which may yet be well con- 
 fined to Cinyra, who was evidently a person of 
 greater consequence than the other. 
 
 308. " Suppose that you have seen 
 
 The well-appointed king at Hampton Pier 
 Embark his royalty ; and his brave fleet 
 With aJken streamers the young Phoebus fanning 
 
 Of Troy, and cut with bronze the plains of 
 
 salt. 
 And now had day retreated from the sky. 
 And, bounteous, in her car that strays by 
 
 night, 311 
 
 Was Phoebe striking the meridian heaven : 
 iEneas, — for anxiety vouchsafes 
 
 Play with your fancies, and in them behold 
 Upon the hempen tackle ship-boys climbing ; 
 Hear the shrill whistle, which doth order give 
 To sounds confus'd ; behold the threaden sails. 
 Borne with th' invisible and creeping wind, 
 Draw the huge bottoms through the furrow'd sea. 
 Breasting the lofty surge. O ! do but think 
 You stand upon the rivage, and behold 
 A city on th' inconstant billows dancing ; 
 For so appears this fleet majestical, 
 Holding due course to Harfleur." 
 
 Shakespeare, K. Henry V., iii. chorus. 
 
 313, 314. " Soft pow'r of slumbers, dewy-feather'd 
 
 Sleep, 
 Kind nurse of nature ! whither art thou fled, 
 A stranger to my senses, weary'd out 
 With pain, and aching for thy presence ? Come, 
 O come ! embrace me in thy liquid arms : 
 Exert thy drowsy virtue ; wrap my limbs 
 In downy indolence, and bathe in balm." 
 
 " Indulgent quit 
 Thy couch of poppies ! steal thyself on me, 
 (In rory mists sutfus'd and clouds of gold) 
 On me, thou mildest cordial of the world ! 
 
 " The shield his pillow in the tented field. 
 By thee the soldier, bred in iron war. 
 Forgets the mimic thunders of the day. 
 Nor envies Luxury her bed of down. 
 Rock'd by the blast, and cabin'd in the storm. 
 The sailor hugs thee to the doddering mast, 
 Of shipwreck negligent while thou art kind. 
 The captive's freedom, thou ! the labourer's hire ; 
 The beggar's store ; the miser's better gold ; 
 The health of sickness, and the youth of age 1 
 At thy approach the wrinkled front of Care 
 Subsides into the smooth expanse of smiles ; 
 And, stranger far ! the monarch, crowned by thee. 
 Beneath his weight of glory gains repose. 
 
 " What guilt is mine, that I alone am wake, 
 Ev'n though my eyes are seal'd, am wake alone ? 
 Ah ! seal'd, but not by thee." 
 
 W. Thompson, Sickness, b. iv. 
 
 " Thierry. One of you sleep ; 
 
 Lie down and sleep here, that I may behold 
 What blessed rest it is my eyes are robb'd of. 
 
 \^An Attendant lies dtKvn. 
 See, he can sleep, sleep any where, sleep now. 
 When he that wakes for him can never slumber ! 
 Is't not a dainty ease ? 
 
 Second Doctor. Your grace shall feel it. 
 
 Thierry. Oh, never I, never. The eyes of heaven 
 See but their certain motions, and then sleep ; 
 The rages of the ocean have their slumbers 
 And quiet silver calms ; each violence 
 Crowns in his end a peace ; but my fijc'd fires 
 Shall never, never set !" 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Thierry and 
 Theodaret, v. 2. 
 
 Malevole cannot sleep from discontent : 
 " I cannot sleep : my eyes' ill-neighbouring lids 
 Will hold no fellowship. O thou pale sober night. 
 Thou that in sluggish fumes all sense dost steep ; 
 Thou that giv'st ^I the world full leave to play. 
 
i68 
 
 V. 217 — 229. 
 
 THE .ENEID. 
 
 V. 230 — 251. 
 
 His limbs no rest, — himself e'en, sitting 
 
 down, 
 Both guides the tiller, and attends the sails. 
 And lo ! there meets him in his middle 
 
 course 
 A choir of his companion [maidjs : the 
 
 Nymphs, 
 Whom had the boon Cybebe bid enjoy 
 The godship of the sea, and Nymphs be- 
 come 
 From ships, with even motion swam along. 
 And cut the surges, many as erewhile 321 
 Bronze-beaked stems had rested by the 
 
 shore. 
 They at a distance recognise the king, 
 And in their circling dances course around. 
 Of whom the one, who was most learned 
 
 in speech, 
 Cymodocea, following in his wake, 
 With right hand grasps the stern, and with 
 
 her back 
 Herself o'ertops [the deep], and with the left 
 Behind him sculls upon the quiet waves. 
 Then him, unknowing, thus doth she accost : 
 ** Art thou awake, /Eneas, child of gods? 
 Be wakeful, and to sails let loose the sheets. 
 
 Unbend'st the feeble veins of sweaty labour ! 
 The galley-slave, that all the toilsome day 
 Tugs at the oar against the stubborn wave, 
 Straining his rugged veins, snores fast ; 
 The stooping scythe-man, that doth barb the field. 
 Thou mak'st wink sure. In night all creatures 
 
 sleep : 
 Only the malcontent, that 'gainst his fate 
 Repines and quarrels ; alas, he's goodman tell- 
 
 clock ; 
 His sallow jaw-bones sink with wasting moan ; 
 Whilist other beds are down, his pillow's stone." 
 Marston, The Malcontent, iii. 2. 
 
 315. Perhaps some such thoughts occurred to 
 iEneas as those which Ferdinand expresses, when 
 carrying firewood for Prospero's cell : 
 " There be some sports are painful, and their labour 
 Delight in them sets off: some kinds of baseness 
 Are nobly undergone ; and most poor matters 
 Point to rich ends. This my mean task 
 Would be as heavy to me, as odious ; but 
 The mistress which I serve quickens what's dead. 
 And makes my labours pleasures." 
 
 Shakespeare, Tempest, iii. i. 
 
 324. Like the dolphins seen by Falconer : 
 " But now, beneath the lofty vessel's stern, 
 A shoal of sportive dolphins they discern. 
 Beaming from burnish'd scales refulgent rays. 
 Till all the glowing ocean seems to blaze. 
 In curling wreaths they wanton on the tide. 
 Now bound aloft, now downward swiftly glide ; 
 Awhile beneath the waves their tracks remain. 
 And burn in silver streams along the liquid plain." 
 
 Shipwreck, ii. 2. 
 328. Ipsa, v. 226, evidently means the nymph, 
 excluding her right hand ; the greatest portion of 
 her form, — the nymph herself. But it is hard to 
 render the word, so as to bring out its whole signi- 
 fication, without an objectionable paraphrase. 
 
 We, pines of Ida from its holy brow, 333 
 Are Nymphs of ocean now, thy fleet. When 
 
 us. 
 On ruin's brink, with falchion and with fire, 
 The traitorous Rutulian pressed, we, loth. 
 Thy cables burst, and seek thee through 
 
 the sea. 
 This shape in ruth the Mother framed anew, 
 And gave us to be goddesses, and life 
 To pass below the surges. But thy boy 340 
 Ascanius is by wall and trenches pent. 
 Amid the midst of arms, and Latin [band]s. 
 Bristling with Mars. Now holds appointed 
 
 posts. 
 With brave Etruscanjoined, the Arcad horse. 
 To range against them intercepting troops, 
 Lest they should with the camp unite, the 
 
 mind 
 Of Turnus is resolved. Come then, arise ! 
 And on the coming dawn forthwith com- 
 mand 
 Thy comrades to be called to arms, and take 
 The buckler, which the lord of fire himself 
 Vouchsafed, unconquerable, and with gold 
 Its edges bordered round. To-morrow's 
 
 light, _ 352 
 
 If mine thou shouldest deem no idle words, 
 Of Rutulan destruction mountain heaps 
 Shall view." She said ; and as she drew 
 
 away 
 With right hand urged, — not unaware of 
 
 means, — 
 The lofty stern. It flies along the waves, 
 E'en fleeter than the jav'lin, and the bolt. 
 That mates the winds. Thereon the others 
 
 speed 
 Their course. Anchises' Trojan son himself 
 In ignorance is lost ; yet animates 361 
 
 His spirit with the token. Then in brief, 
 
 334, 5. It would bring out the meaning of v. 231 
 with greater distinctness to render it thus : 
 " Are nymphs of ocean now, thy navy [erst] 
 When us, on ruin's brink, with sword and blaze," &c. 
 
 351. Invictwn, v. 243, is evidently the same as 
 invincibilis. To say that a shield, which had never 
 been tried in action, was '* unconquered," would be 
 absurd. See note on 1. 254. 
 
 356. Heyne, Wagner, and Forbiger approve of 
 the comment of Servius on Haud ignara modi, 
 V. 247 ; who says that inodi here means modera- 
 tion, inasmuch as method would be a weak sense. 
 Now, in the first place, it does not quite follow 
 that, because an idea is weak, it cannot be Virgil's ; 
 in the second place, the expression is weak ac- 
 cording to either interpretation ; and in the third 
 place, an examination of the context will show that 
 there was no moderation about the matter. Under 
 the impulsive hand of the nymph the ship abso- 
 lutely^^w; — nay, flew more swiftly than a javelin, 
 or even than the winds themselves. The view in 
 the version is that generally taken by the trans- 
 lators. 
 
y. 251—369. 
 
 BOOHr X. 
 
 V. 269 — 274. 
 
 269 
 
 While gazing on the vault above, he prays : 
 
 " O boon Idaean mother of the gods, 
 
 T' whose heart the heights of Dindymus 
 
 [are dear], 
 And cities crowned with turrets, lions, too. 
 In couples harnessed for the reins ; do thou 
 For me be now the leader of the fight ; 
 Do thou the omened issue duly haste, 369 
 And for the Phrygians, goddess, be at hand 
 With step of favor." He but uttered [this] ; 
 And in the mean time, wheeled around, the 
 
 day 
 Was posting on with now a mellow light. 
 And night had chased aloof. He firstlygives 
 His mates commands, the signals to obey. 
 And fit their souls for warfare, and for fight 
 Prepare themselves. And now he holds in 
 
 view 
 The Teucri and the camp his own, as he 
 Is standing on the lofty stern: when straight 
 In his left hand his shield he lifted up 380 
 Ablazing. Raise an outcry to the stars 
 The Dardans from the walls : imparted hope 
 Awakes resentments; weaponswith the hand 
 They fling : as underneath the sullen clouds 
 Strymonian cranes give signals, and athwart 
 The welkin with a din they scud, and flee 
 The southern breezes with a happy cry. 
 But these seemed wondrous to Rutulia's 
 
 king 
 And Auson chiefs, until they spy behind 
 The galleys veered to shore, and all the 
 
 main 390 
 
 373. " As the morning steals upon the night. 
 Melting the darkness." 
 
 Shakespeare, Tempest, v. i. 
 381, 2. Similar effects are attributed to Satan's 
 voice : 
 
 " So Satan spake, and him Beelzebub 
 Thus answer'd. Leader of those armies bright, 
 Which but the Omnipotent none could have foil'd ! 
 If once they hear that voice, their liveliest pledge 
 Of hope in fears and dangers, heard so oft 
 In worst extremes, and on the perilous edge 
 Of battle when it raged, in all assaults 
 Their surest signal, they will soon resume 
 New courage and revive." Milton, P. L., b. i. 
 383. " Go show thyself to them, wave but thy 
 
 sword, 
 Ahd bid them follow thee ; not one of them 
 But shall in speed and reckless fury mock 
 The tyger of the desert. Where thou lead'st 
 Shouting around thee they will sweep the plain. 
 Spurning at opposition. . . . Away, Sicardo ! 
 Our pledge of certain victory we possess 
 In this beloved, this noble youth, whose presence 
 Inspires the warrior's heart with martial fire, 
 As the enlivening sun all nature warms. 
 Shaded awhile in dim eclipse he left us, 
 And clouds of pale dismay began to lour ; 
 But now returning with recovered splendour. 
 He in the sky of glory beams supreme. 
 And we, in his bright influence exulting, 
 Resume our ardour, and our foes defy." 
 
 Macdonald, Fair Apostate, iv. a. 
 
 With vessels gliding on. His helmet glows 
 Above his head, and from the crest a blaze 
 Is darted through its plumes, and monstrous 
 
 flames 
 The golden boss spews forth : not otherwise 
 Than if at times in some translucent night 
 Blood-tinted comets show a dismal red ; 
 Or heat of Sirius, — he that carries drought 
 
 396. " On the other side. 
 Incensed with indignation, Satan stood 
 Unterrified, and like a comet burn'd. 
 That fires the length of Ophiuchus huge 
 In th' Arctic sky, and from his horrid hair 
 Shakes pestilence and war." 
 
 Milton, P. L., b, ii. 
 
 397. " And now the Sunne hath reared upp 
 
 His fierie-footed teme. 
 Making his way between the cupp 
 
 And golden diademe ; 
 The rampant lyon hunts he fast, 
 
 With dogges of noisome breath. 
 Whose baleful barking bringes in hast 
 
 Pyne, plagues, and dreerie death." 
 Spenser, SheJ>heards Calender, July. 
 
 " Whose often prostitution hath begot 
 More foul diseases than e'er yet the hot 
 Sun bred thorough his burnings, whilst the Dog 
 Pursues the raging Lion, throwing fog 
 And deadly vapour from his angry breath, 
 Filling the lower world with plague and death." 
 J. Fletcher, The Faithful Shepherdess, i. 2. 
 
 See Dyce's note on the passage. 
 
 " Ha ! 'twas the king ! 
 The king that parted hence ! frowning he went : 
 His eyes like meteors roU'd, then darted down 
 Their red and angry beams : as if his sight 
 Would, like the raging Dog-star, scorch the earth, 
 And kindle ruin in its course." 
 
 Congreve, The Mourning Bride, v. 3. 
 
 " All is not well ; the pale-ey'd moon 
 Curtains her head in clouds, the stars retire. 
 Save from the sultry south alone 
 The swart star flings his pestilential fires." 
 
 Mason, Caractacus, Ode. 
 
 The following description of thirst and heat, not, 
 indeed, owing to the influence of Sirius, but to the 
 operation of poison, is from Fletcher's A Wife for 
 a Month : 
 
 " [Alphonso is brought in on a couch by two 
 Friars. 
 Alphonso. Give me more air, air, more air ! 
 Blow, blow ! 
 Open, thou eastern gate, and blow upon me ! 
 Distil thy cold dews, oh, thou icy moon ! 
 And, rivers, run through my afflicted spirit ! 
 I am all fire, fire, fire ! The racing Dog-star 
 Reigns in my blood ! Oh ! which way shall I turn 
 
 me? 
 i^ltna, and all his flames, bum in my head ! 
 Fling me into the ocean, or I perish ! 
 Dig, dig, dig, till the springs tly up. 
 The cold, cold springs, that I may leap into 'cm, 
 And bathe my scorch'd limbs in their purling plea- 
 sures ! 
 Or shoot me up into the higher region. 
 Where treasures of delicious snow are nourish d. 
 And banquets of sweet hail ! 
 
 Rugio. Hold him fast, friar : 
 
 Oh, how he bums ! 
 
2 70 
 
 V. 274 — 284. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V, 285 — 312. 
 
 And sicknesses to ailing mortals, — rises up, 
 And with disastrous light beglooms the sky. 
 
 Howe'er his confidence did not forsake 
 Bold Turnus, to preoccupy the shores, 401 
 And as they come to drive them from the 
 
 land. 
 He e'en their spirits raises by his words, 
 And e'en he chides them : "That, which 
 
 ye in vows 
 Have yearned after, is arrived, — [the foe] 
 With your right hand to shatter. Mars 
 
 himself 
 Is in your hands, my heroes. Now let each 
 Of his own spouse and home be mindful ; now 
 Grand feats repeat, the praises of his sires. 
 Unchallenged let us meet them at the wave, 
 While in disorder, and, as they debark. 
 Their first steps stagger. Fortune aids the 
 
 bold." 412 
 
 Alph. What, will ye sacrifice me ? 
 
 Upon the altar lay my willing body, 
 And pile your wood up, fling your holy incense ; 
 And, as I turn me, you shall see all flame. 
 Consuming flame. Stand off me, or you are ashes ! 
 
 Rug. and Marco. Most miserable wretches ! 
 
 Alph. Bring hither Charity, 
 
 And let me hug her, friar : they say she's cold, 
 Infinite cold ; devotion cannot warm her. 
 Draw me a river of false lovers' tears 
 Clean through my breast ; they are dull, cold, and 
 
 forgetful. 
 And will give ease. Let virgins sigh upon me. 
 Forsaken souls : their sighs are precious ; 
 Let them all sigh. Oh hell, hell, hell ! O horror ! 
 
 Marco. To bed, good sir. 
 
 Alph. My bed will burn about me : 
 
 Like Phaeton in all-consuming flashes 
 I am enclos'd. Let me fly, let me fly, give room ! 
 Betwixt the cold Bear and the raging Lion 
 Lies my safe way. Oh, for a cake of ice now 
 To clap unto my heart to comfort me ! 
 Decrepit Winter, hang upon my shoulders. 
 And let me wear thy frozen icicles. 
 Like jewels round about my head, to cool me ! 
 My eyes burn out, and sink into their sockets. 
 And my infected brain like brimstone boils ! 
 I live in hell, and several Furies vex me ! 
 Oh, carry me where no sun ever show'd yet 
 A face of comfort, where the earth is crystal. 
 Never to be dissolv'd ! Where nought inhabits 
 But night and cold, and nipping frosts, and winds. 
 That cut the stubborn rocks, and make them 
 
 shiver ! 
 Set me there, friends !" Act iv. 4. 
 
 412. " Lo ! sluggish knight, the victor's happie 
 
 pray ! 
 So fortune friends the bold." 
 
 Spenser, F. Q., iv. 2, 7. 
 
 Yet she is not always so considerate : 
 " He is the scorn of Fortune. But you'll say 
 
 That she forsook him for his want of courage. 
 
 But never leaves the bold : now by my hopes 
 
 Of peace and quiet here, I never met 
 
 A braver enemy." 
 
 J. Fletcher, The Prophetess, iv. 5. 
 " Let thy great deeds force Fate to change her 
 mind : 
 
 He that courts Fortune boldly makes her kind." 
 Dryden, The Indian Queen, i. i. 
 
 These [words] he speaks, and ponders with 
 
 himself 
 Whom he can lead against them, or to whom 
 He's able to intrust the leaguered walls. 
 Meanwhile ^neas from the lofty ships 
 His comrades lands by bridges. Many watch 
 The ebbing motions of the slacking sea. 
 And with a spring commit them to the 
 
 flats; 
 By oars the others. Tarchon having scanned 
 
 the shores, 420 
 
 Where shallows pant not, nor the broken 
 
 surge 
 Booms back, but unimpeded glides the main 
 With rising tide, veers towards them sud- 
 denly 
 His prows, and he entreats his comrades : 
 
 " Now, 
 O chosen squadron, to your lusty oars 
 Bend ye ! lift, drive your galleys ! with 
 
 their beaks 
 This hostile region cleave, and for itself 
 A furrow let the very keel imprint. 
 In such a roadstead do I not decline 
 To break my vessel, once the land secured." 
 The like whereof when once had Tarchon 
 
 said, _ 431 
 
 His comrades to their oars together rise, 
 And to the Latin fields their foaming ships 
 Force onward, till the beaks dry [land] 
 
 possess. 
 And all the keels uninjured came to rest : 
 But, Tarcho, not thy craft. For, dashed 
 
 on shoals. 
 Upon a ridge unrighteous while it hangs. 
 Long in suspense upheld, and tires the 
 
 waves, 
 'Tis broken up, and out it casts the crew 
 Amid the waves ; whom shattered bits of 
 
 oars 440 
 
 And swimming benches hamper, and at 
 
 once 
 Their footing the withdrawing surge sup- 
 plants. 
 Nor Turnus does a slack delay restrain ; 
 But hurries he in vigor his whole host 
 Against the Teucri, and upon the beach 
 Afront them marshals it. The signals sound, 
 y^neas first assailed the rustic troops, — 
 An omen of the fray, — and prostrate laid 
 The Latins, Thero being slaughtered, who. 
 The tallest of their men, of free accord 450 
 
 417. " They have alreadie plough'd th' unruly seas. 
 And with their breasts, proofe 'gainst the battering 
 
 waves, 
 Dasht the bigge billowes into angry froth. 
 And, spight of the contentious full-mouth'd gods 
 Of sea and wind, have reacht the citty frontiers, 
 And begirt her navigable skirts." 
 
 Rawlins, The Rebellion, ii. i. 
 
V. 313—340. 
 
 BOOK X. 
 
 y. 341—361. 
 
 271 
 
 Attacks il^^neas : with the sword he drains 
 His side laid open, e'en through folds of 
 
 bronze, 
 Through gold-crisp tunic. Lichas next he 
 
 smites, 
 Ripped from a now dead mother, and to 
 
 thee. 
 Devote, O Phoebus, seeing 'twas allowed 
 To him, a babe, to 'scape the risks of steel. 
 Not far, firm Cisseus, giant Gyas too. 
 Troops felling with his club, he stretched 
 
 in death : 458 
 
 Naught booted them the arms of Hercules, 
 Nor able hands, nor yet their sire Melampus, 
 Alcides' comrade, long as earth supplied 
 Her toilsome travails. Lo! on Pharus, whilst 
 He flings his idle pratings, hurling forth 
 A dart, he plants it in the shouter's mouth. 
 Thou also, whilst, ill-starred, thou followest 
 Thy Clytius,yellowing o'er with virgin down 
 His cheeks, — thy fresh delight, — O Cydon, 
 By the Dardanian right hand overthrown. 
 Set free from [pain] of loves, which aye 
 
 hadst thou 
 For striplings, wouldest, pitiable [youth], 
 Have lain ; had not thy brethren's serried 
 
 band 471 
 
 Opposed it, — Phorcus' race, in number 
 
 seven. 
 And sev'nfold darts they launch. Some 
 
 from his helm 
 And from his shield rebound effectless ; 
 
 some 
 lioon Venus, as they graze his body, turned 
 Aside. yEneas stanch Achates speaks : 
 " Supply me weapons ! None shall my 
 
 right hand 
 In vain on Rutuli have hurled, [of those,] 
 Which stood in corse of Greeks upon the 
 
 plains 
 Of Ilium." Then a mighty spear he grasps. 
 And launches it. Upon the wing it smites 
 Right through the bronze[n plate]s of Mseon's 
 
 shield, 482 
 
 And habergeon together with the breast 
 It bursts. A brother to his succor comes, 
 Alcanor, and his falling brother props 
 With his right hand. Shot through his 
 
 arm transpierced. 
 Straight flies a spear, and, bloody, holds 
 
 its course ; 
 
 460. The English idiom will not allow of fuf, v. 
 320, being rendered in the ordinary way. 
 
 t66. " And on his tender lips the downy heare 
 )id now but freshly spring, and silken blossoms 
 beare." Spenser, F. Q., ii. 12, 79. 
 
 487. Dr. Trapp has a good note upon this pas- 
 sage. However, it would not seem that servatque 
 tenorem is any objection to the idea of the hasta. 
 
 And his right hand, in dying, by the thews 
 Down from the shoulder hung. Then 
 Numitor, — 489 
 
 A jav'lin from his brother's body reft,— 
 i^neas sought : but not to pierce as well 
 Is it in turn allowed him, but it grazed 
 The thigh of great Achates. Clausus here, 
 Of Cures, trusting in his youthful frame, 
 Comes up, and Dryops from afar he smites 
 With lance unbending, underneath the chin 
 Deep driven ; and at once the speaker's 
 
 voice 
 And life he reaves away, his throat trans- 
 pierced : 
 But th' other with his forehead strikes the 
 earth, 499 
 
 And clotted gore disgorges from his mouth. 
 Three Thracians, also, of the highest strain 
 Of Boreas, and three, whom doth their sire, 
 Idas, and native [crests of] Ismarus, 
 Despatch, by sundry fates he overthrows. 
 Up runs Halesus, and Auruncan bands ; 
 To aid them e'en the son of Neptune comes, 
 Messapus, striking in his steeds. Now 
 
 these. 
 Now those, endeavor to drive out [the rest] : 
 The con'test at Ausonia's very door 
 Is waged : as in the vasty firmament 510 
 The jarring winds encounters raise, with 
 
 heart 
 And powers balanced : nor do they them- 
 selves 
 Among them, — neither clouds nor ocean, — 
 
 yield ; 
 The fray long doubtful ; all in struggle 
 
 stand. 
 Against [each other ranged] : not otherwise 
 The Trojan lines and lines of Latium clash : 
 
 V. 340, being a second spear. One spear, after 
 passing through a man, may hold its course as well 
 as another : for where a hero is invested with fabu- 
 lous strength, shield and breastplate are but slight 
 additional difficulties. 
 516. " Now storming fury rose 
 
 And clamour such as heard in Heaven till now 
 Was never ; arms on armour clashing bray'd 
 Horrible discord, and the madding wheels 
 Of brazen chariots raged : dire was the noise 
 Of conflict ; overhead the dismal hiss 
 Of fiery darts in flaming volleys flew, 
 And flying vaulted either host with fire. 
 So under fiery cope together rush'd 
 Both battles main, with ruinous assault 
 And inextinguishable rage. All heaven 
 Resounded : and had earth been then, all earth 
 Had to her centre shook." Milton, P. L., b. vi. 
 
 Fletcher has a spirited battle-scene in a song in 
 The Mad Lover : 
 " Arm, arm, arm, arm ! the .scouts are all come in : 
 
 Keep your ranks close, and now your honours 
 win. 
 
 Behold from yonder hill the foe appears ; 
 
 Bows, bills, glaves, arrows, shields, and spears ! 
 
272 
 
 V. 361 — 38t. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 382—414. 
 
 Foot links with foot, and man close set 
 
 with man. 
 But in another quarter, where, far-wide 
 The flood had forced along the rolling rocks, 
 And bushes, torn asunder from its banks. 
 The Arcads, unaccustomed to advance 521 
 Their lines on foot, as soon as Pallas saw 
 Turning their backs to Latium in pursuit ; 
 "Whom since the rugged nature of the spot 
 Induced to let their horses go ; — [a course,] 
 Which only in the case of need remained ; — 
 Now by entreaty, now by bitter words, 
 He fires their valor : " Whither do ye fly, 
 O comrades ? E'en by your heroic deeds 
 [Do I conjure] you, by Evander's 'name. 
 Your chief, and battles battled to the last. 
 And my own hope, which of my father's 
 
 praise 532 
 
 Now emulous arises, trust not feet : 
 With sword a way must through the foes 
 
 be burst. 
 Where thickest closes on that knot of men, 
 By this your noble land claims you again. 
 And Pallas your commander. 'Tis no 
 
 gods pursue ! 
 We, mortals, by a mortal foe are pressed ; 
 With us alike as many lives and hands. 
 Behold ! with huge sea-barrier pens us in 
 The deep ; land now is lacking for a 
 
 flight. 541 
 
 Is it the main or Troy we are to seek ?" 
 These words he speaks, and in the centre he 
 Upon the serried foemen flings him forth. 
 First Lagus meets him, lured by fates 
 
 unkind : 
 Him, whilst he plucks a rock of mighty 
 
 weight, 
 
 Like a dark wood he comes, or tempest pouring, 
 Oh ! view the wings of horse the meadows 
 
 scouring ! 
 The vanguard marches bravely : hark the drums ! 
 They meet, they meet, and now the battle comes : 
 
 See how the arrows fly, 
 
 That darken all the sky ! 
 
 Hark how the trumpets sound ! 
 
 Hark how the hills rebound ! 
 Hark how the horses charge ! in, boys, boys in ! 
 The battle totters ; now the wounds begin : 
 Oh, how they cry ! 
 Oh, how they die ! 
 Room for the valiant Memnon, arm'd with 
 
 thunder ! 
 See how he breaks the ranks asunder : 
 They fly, they fly ! Eumenes has the chase, 
 And brave Polybius makes good his place. 
 
 To the plains, to the woods. 
 
 To the rocks, to the floods. 
 Then fly for succour. Follow, follow, follow ! 
 Hark how the soldiers hollow ! 
 
 Brave Diodes is dead. 
 
 And all his soldiers fled : 
 
 The battle's won, and lost. 
 
 That many a life hath cost." 
 
 Son^ by Stremon, v. 4. 
 
 He spears with whirled weapon, where the 
 
 chine 
 Along the middle caused a sev'rance, and 
 
 the lance 
 Recovers he while clinging to the bones. 
 Whom Hisbo from above forestalls not, — he 
 In sooth expecting this ; for Pallas first, 
 As he is dashing on, the while he storms. 
 Unwary through a comrade's ruthless death, 
 Receives him, and his sword in his swoln 
 
 lung 554 
 
 He buries. Sthenelus he next assails, 
 And Anchemol, from Rhsetus' ancient race. 
 Who dared to stain a stepdame's bed. Ye, 
 
 too, 
 Twin [brother]s, fell upon Rutulian fields, 
 O progeny of Daucus, most alike, 
 Laride and Thymber, past distinguishment 
 By their own parents, e'en their fond mis- 
 take. 561 
 But Pallas now stem marks of difference 
 Bestowed upon you : for from thee, O 
 
 Thymber, 
 Thy head Evander's falchion reft away ; 
 Thee, O Laride, its owner, thy right hand, 
 Lopped off, is seeking, and, half-living, 
 
 twitch 
 The fingers, and the weapon grasp again. 
 Arm mingled pain and shame against the 
 
 foes, 
 Th' Arcadians, by his warning set afire. 
 And gazing on the hero's brilliant deeds. 
 Then Pallas pierces Rhseteus through and 
 
 through, 571 
 
 While flying past him in his two-horse car. 
 This — interval and so much respite proved 
 To Ilus ; for at Ilus he from far 
 A lusty spear had aimed, which, as he 
 
 intervenes. 
 Does Rhoeteus intercept, best Teuthras, thee 
 Avoiding and thy brother Tyre ; and, rolled 
 From forth his chariot, smites he, half- 
 alive. 
 The fields of the Rutulians with his heels. 
 And as, when gales are in the summer-tide 
 Arisen to his wish, the shepherd sets 581 
 Abroach upon the stubbles scattered fires ; 
 Those in the centre on a sudden seized, 
 Vulcan's dread battle-line at once is spread 
 Throughout the spacious plains : he, while 
 
 he sits, 
 Looks down in triumph on th' exulting 
 
 flames : 
 Not elsewise all the prowess of thy mates 
 Combines in one, and thee, O Pallas, aids. 
 But, keen in wars, Halesus, on the foes 
 Moves'on, and gathers him within his arms. 
 He here despatches Ladon, Pheres too, 
 Demodocus too ; from Strymonius he 592 
 
V. 414—444. 
 
 BOOK X, 
 
 V. 445—467. 
 
 «73 
 
 Strikes off his right hand with his gleaming 
 
 sword, 
 Against his throat uplifted ; with a stone 
 The face of Thoas batters, and his liones 
 He scattered, blent with gory brains. 
 Chanting his fates, his father in the woods 
 Had hid Halesus : when the ag^d [sire] 
 His eyeballs, filming white in death, re- 
 laxed, 
 Their hand upon him did the Parcse lay, 
 And dedicated him t' Evander's darts. 601 
 "Whom Pallas seeks, thus having prayed 
 
 before : 
 •* Grant now, O father Tiber, to the steel, 
 Which, ready to be hurled, I poise, success 
 And passage through the stem Halesus' 
 
 breast : 
 These arms and th' hero's spoils thy oak 
 
 shall own." 
 The god he heard it : while Halesus 
 
 screened 
 Imaon, he unhappily presents 
 A breast unguarded to th' Arcadian dart. 
 But Lausus, — mighty portion of the war, — 
 Does not allow the troops to be dismayed 
 By such great carnage on the hero's side. 612 
 First, Abas, placed against him, he destroys. 
 Alike the knot and lengthening of the fight. 
 The offspring of Arcadia low is laid. 
 The Tuscans are laid low, and, Teucri, ye, 
 
 bodies undestroyed by Greeks. The hosts 
 Engage them e'en with balanced chiefs and 
 
 powers. 
 Close crowd the furthest lines ; nor does the 
 
 throng 
 Their arms and hands allow of being stirred. 
 Here Pallas closes in and spurs them on ; 
 Against him Lausus tliere; nor differs much 
 Their age ; in beauty peerless ; yet to whom 
 Return to native land had Fate denied. 624 
 Howe'er, the ruler of the mighty heaven 
 With one another let them not engage : 
 Their deaths soon wait them 'neath a nobler 
 
 foe. 
 
 Meanwhile his kindly sister warns to take 
 
 The place of Lausus, — Turnus, who disparts 
 
 The central squadron in his flying car. 630 
 
 As soon as he his comrades viewed : *' 'Tis 
 
 time 
 To cease from fight ; 'gainst Pallas I alone 
 Am borne ; to me alone is Pallas due : 
 
 1 would his sire himself were witness here." 
 These saith he ; and his comrades from the 
 
 plain. 
 The subject of his order, have withdrawn. 
 
 610. Manoah says of Samsop ; 
 
 Himself an army." 
 
 Milton, Samson Agonistts, 
 
 But on the Rutulans' retirement, then 
 The youth, astounded at his haught com- 
 mands. 
 At Tumus is in wonder lost, and o'er 
 His giant body rolls around his eyes, 640 
 And all surveys aloof with grim regard ; 
 And with such words against the monarch's 
 
 words 
 Replies: "Or through the chiefest spoils, 
 
 now seized. 
 Or death distinguished, I shall be extolled : 
 To either lot imliff'rent is my sire : 
 Away thou with thy threats !" He, having 
 
 said. 
 Advances on the centre of the field. 
 Acold around th' Arcadians' hearts their 
 
 blood 
 Congeals. Down Tumus from his chariot 
 
 leaped ; 
 Afoot prepares to meet him hand to hand. 
 And as a lion, when he hath perceived 65 1 
 From "his high watch-post, far upon tiiC 
 
 plains, 
 A bull to stand preparing for the frays, 
 Flies up to him : no different the picture is 
 Of Tumus swooping on. When him he 
 
 deemed 
 Within the compass of his vollied spear, 
 Pallas was first 10 move, if any chance 
 Would aid him, ventur.ng with m. equal 
 
 powers ; 
 And thus addresses he the mighty heaven : 
 * ' By th' hospitage and table ; of my sire, 66 3 
 Which thou a stranger hast approached, I 
 
 thee 
 Entreat, Alcides, aid my grand emprise. 
 From him half-dead may he perceive me 
 
 seize 
 His bloody arms ; and may the dying eyes 
 Of Tumus brook a conqueror !" Alcides 
 
 heard 
 The youth, and 'neath his deep of heart he 
 
 checks 
 A heavy groan, and idle tears outpours. 
 The sire then speaks his son in kindly 
 
 words : 
 "To each his day is fixed ; the term of life 
 
 667. " Then like a torrent had been stopt before. 
 Tears, sighs, and words, doubled together flow ; 
 Confus'dly striving whether should do more. 
 The true mtelligence of grief to show. 
 Sighs hinder'd words : words perish'd m their 
 
 store ; 
 Both, intermix'd in one, together grow." 
 
 Daniell, Civil h ar, b. ii. 8x. 
 
 669. " Thou glimm'ring taper ? by whose feeble ray 
 In thoughtful solitude the night I waste. 
 How dost thou warn me by thy swift decay. 
 
 That equal to oblivion both we haste ! 
 The vital oil that should our strength supply. 
 Consuming wastes, and bids us learn to die. 
 
 T 
 
274 
 
 V. 467 — 468. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 468—493. 
 
 Is short and irretrievable to all ; 
 
 670 
 
 " Touch 'd by my hand, thy swift reviving light 
 With new-gain'd force again is taught to glow : 
 Lo, rising from surrounding troubles bright, 
 My conscious soul begins herself to know ; 
 And, from the ills of life emerging forth, 
 Learns the just standard of her native worth. 
 
 " But see, in mists, thy fading lustre veil'd. 
 Around thy head the dusky vapours play : 
 
 So, by opposing fortune's clouds conceal'd, 
 In vain to force a passage I essay : 
 
 While round me, gathering thick, they daily 
 spread. 
 
 And living, I am number'd with the dead ! 
 
 '* But now thy flame diminish'd quick subsides, 
 Too sure a presage that thy date is run : 
 Alike I feel my life's decreasing tides. 
 
 Soon will like thine my transient blaze be gone ! 
 Instructive emblem ! — How our fates agree ! 
 1 haste to darkness, and resemble thee." 
 
 Boyse, Stanzas to a Candle. 
 670. " Like to the falling of a star, 
 Or as the flights of eagles are, 
 Or like the fresh spring's gaudy hue, 
 Or silver drops of morning dew. 
 Or like a wind that chafes the flood. 
 Or bubbles which on water stood : 
 Even such is man, whose borrowed light 
 Is straight called in and paid to night : 
 The wind blows out, the bubble dies. 
 The spring intombed in autumn lies : 
 The dew's dry'd up, the star is shot, 
 The flight is past, and man forgot." 
 
 F. Beaumont, On the Life of Man. 
 Milton makes Satan say in his address to Sin, 
 P. L., b. ii. : 
 
 " Be this, or aught 
 Than this more secret, now design'd, I haste 
 To know ; and this once known, shall soon 
 
 return 
 And bring ye to the place where thou and Death 
 Shall dwell at ease, and up and down unseen 
 Wing silently the buxom air, embalm'd 
 With odours ; there ye shall be fed and fill'd 
 Immeasurably, all things shall be your prey." 
 
 *' O gentlemen ! the time of life is short : 
 
 To spend that shortness basely were too long, 
 If life did ride upon a dial's point, 
 Still ending at th' arrival of an hour." 
 
 Shakespeare, i A7«g Henry IV., v. 2. 
 *' To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow. 
 Creeps in this petty pace from day to day. 
 To the last syllable of recorded time ; 
 And all our yesterdays have lighted fools 
 The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle ! 
 Life's but a walking shadow ; a poor player. 
 That struts and frets his hour upon the stage. 
 And then is heard no more." Macbeth, v. 5. 
 " Life ! What is life ? A shadow ! 
 Its date is but th' immediate breath we draw : 
 Nor have we surety for a second gale : 
 Ten thousand accidents in ambush lie 
 For the embodied dream. 
 A frail and fickle tenement it is. 
 Which, like the brittle glass, that measures time, 
 Is often broke, ere half its sands are run." 
 
 Jones, The Earl of Essex, v. 3. 
 " Time's but a hinge, whereon mortality, 
 A narrow portal, turns: behind, before. 
 Lies the wide main of being." 
 
 Brooke, The Impostor, iv. 12. 
 
 But fame to lengthenby achievements, — this 
 Is virtue's work. 'Neath Troja's stately walls 
 So many children of the gods have fallen; 
 E'en fell with them Sarpedon, offspring 
 
 mine. 
 His destinies are calling Turnus too, 
 And he hath reached the bounds of granted 
 
 life." 
 So speaks he, and turns off his eyes from 
 
 fields 
 Of Rutuli. But Pallas shoots a lance 
 With lusty pow'rs, and from its hollow 
 
 sheath 
 Tears forth his gleaming sword. This, 
 
 flying, where 680 
 
 The highest screenings of his shoulder rise, 
 Alights, and having worked a passage 
 
 through 
 The edges of his buckler, at the last 
 E'en grazed [a part] of Turnus' giant frame. 
 Here Turnus, poising long the timber, tipped 
 With sharpened iron, [this] at Pallas flings. 
 And thus he speaks: " Look, whether ours 
 
 may prove 
 A still more trenchant weapon." He had 
 
 said ; 
 But through the shield, — so many plates of 
 
 steel, 
 Of bronze so many, — though so many times 
 The bull-hide span it, spread around, the 
 
 point 691 
 
 Strikes through its centre with a quiv'ring 
 
 blow, 
 And bores the mail's obstructions, and his 
 
 giant chest. 
 He tears the heated weapon from the wound 
 All vainly : by the one and selfsame path 
 The blood and spirit follow. Down he sinks 
 Upon the wound : a clang above him gave 
 His arms ; and as he dies he seeks the earth, 
 His foeman, with a gory mouth. O'er whom, 
 While standing by him, Turnus cries : 
 "These words 700 
 
 Of mine, Arcadians, mindfully report 
 To your Evander : ' Such as he deserved 
 I send him Pallas back. Whatever be 
 
 671. " Our life is short, but to extend that span 
 To vast eternity, is Virtue's work." 
 
 Dryden, Troilus and Cressida, v. i. 
 
 675, 6. " For within the hollow crown. 
 
 That rounds the mortal temples of a king. 
 Keeps Death his court, and there the antic sits. 
 Scoffing his state, and grinning at his pomp; . 
 Allowing him a breath, a little scene, 
 To monarchise, be fear'd, and kill with looks ; 
 Infusing him with self and vain conceit. 
 As if this flesh, which walls about our life. 
 Were brass impregnable ; and, humour'd thus, 
 Comes at the last, and with a little pin 
 Bores through his castle wall, and — farewell 
 king!" Shakespeare, .^. ii/i^/wr^//., iii. 2. 
 
V. 493— 502. 
 
 The honor of a sepulchre, whate'er 
 
 The comfort of a burial, I bestow. 
 
 The hospitality t' i^neas [shown] 
 
 Shall stand him in no trifle.'" And the like 
 
 He having spoken pressed with his left foot 
 
 The lifeless [stripling], as he tears away 
 
 The belt's enormous weight, and graven 
 
 guilt : — 710 
 
 A band of youths within one wedding night 
 Slain foully, and their marriage-^ds in 
 
 blood : 
 Which Clonus, son of Eurytus, had carved 
 In plenteous gold ; — in which, his trophy, 
 
 now 
 Turnus exults, and in possession joys. 
 O mind of human beings, unaware 
 Of fate and lot to come, and how to keep 
 
 716. " Ah ! gentle pair, ye little think how nigh 
 Your change approaches, when all these delights 
 Will vanish, and deliver ye to woe ; 
 More woe, the more your taste is now of joy ; 
 Happy, but for so happy ill secured 
 Long to continue." Milton, P. Z.., b. iv. 
 
 " O fleeting joys 
 Of Paradise, dear bought with lasting woes !" 
 Ibid., b. X. 
 
 " Short is, alas ! the reign 
 Of mortal pride : we play our parts awhile. 
 And strut upon the stage ; the scene is chang'd, 
 And offers us a dungeon for a throne. 
 Wretched vicissitude ! for, after all 
 His tinsel dreams of empire and renown. 
 Fortune, capricious dame, withdraws at once 
 The goodly prospect." 
 
 Somerville, Hobbinol, c. iii. 
 
 " Frail man, how various is thy lot below ! 
 To-day though gales propitious blow. 
 And Peace, soft gliding down the sky. 
 Lead Love along and Harmony, 
 To-morrow the gay scene deforms ; 
 Then all around 
 The thunder's sound 
 
 Rolls rattling on through heaven's profound, 
 And down rush all the storms." 
 
 Beat tie. Ode to HoJ>e, ii. 3. 
 
 " O, momentary grace of mortal men ! 
 Which we more hunt for than the grace of God. 
 Who builds his hope in air of your good looks 
 Lives like a drunken sailor on a mast. 
 Ready with every nod to tumble down 
 Into the fatal bowels of the deep." 
 
 Shakespeare, K. Richard III., iii. 4- 
 
 717. " The withered primrose by the mourning river. 
 The faded summers-sunne from weeping foun- 
 
 taines. 
 The light-blowne bubble, vanished for euer. 
 The molten snow vpon the naked mountaines, — 
 Are emblems that the treasures we vp-lay, 
 Soone wither, vanish, fade, and melt away. 
 
 " For as the snow, whose lawne did ouer-spread 
 Th' ambitious hil.s, which giant-like did threat 
 To pierce the heauen with their aspiring head. 
 Naked and bare doth leaue their craggie seat, 
 Whenas the bubble, which did empty flie 
 The daliance of the vndisccmed windo, 
 On whose calme rowling waues it did relic. 
 Hath sbipwrack made, where it did daliance finde : 
 
 BOOK X. V. 502—503. 275 
 
 [Due] measure, when uplifted by success ! 
 To Turnus there shall come a time, when he 
 Will wish were purchased at a costly price, 
 
 And when the sun-shine which dissolu'd the snow, 
 Colourd the bubble with a pleasant varie. 
 And made the rathe and timely primrose grow, 
 Swarth clouds with-drawnc (which longer time do 
 
 tarie) 
 
 — Oh what is praise, pompe, glory, ioy, but «o 
 
 As shine by fuuntamcs, bubbles, flowers, or 
 snow V" 
 
 Palinode, by E. Bolton, in England's Helicon. 
 
 " Have you never 
 Look'd from the prospect of your palace window. 
 When some fair sky courted your eye to read 
 The beauties of a day ; the glorious sun 
 Enriching so the bo-om of the earth. 
 That trees and flowers appear'd but like so much 
 Enamel upon gold ; the wanton birds, 
 And every creature but the drudging ant. 
 Despising providence, and at play ; and all 
 That world you measure with your eye, so gay 
 And proud, as winter were no more to shake 
 His icy locks upon them, but the breath 
 Of gentle zephyr to perfume their growth. 
 And walk eternally upon the spring ! 
 When, from a coast you see not, comes a cloud. 
 Creeping as overladen with a storm. 
 Dark as the womb of night, and with her wings 
 Surprising all the glories you beheld. 
 Leaves not your frighted eyes a light to see 
 The ruins of that flattering day ?" 
 
 Shirley, The Royal Master, ii. 2. 
 
 718. " O how portentous is prosperity ! 
 How, comet-like, it threatens while it shines !^ 
 Few years but yield us proof of Death's ambition. 
 To cull his victims from the fairest fold. 
 And sheath his shafts in all the pride of life. 
 When flooded with abundance, purpled o'er 
 With recent honours, bloom'd with every bliss. 
 Set up in ostentation, made the gaze. 
 The gaudy centre, of the public eye ; 
 When Fortune thus has toss'd her child in air, 
 Snatcht from the covert of an humble state. 
 How often have I seen him dropt at once, 
 Our morning's envy, and our evening's sigh ! 
 As if her bounties were the signal given. 
 The flowery wreath to mark the sacrifice. 
 And call Death's arrows on the destin'd prey." 
 
 Young, Complaint, N. v. 
 
 719, 20. " While music flows around. 
 Perfumes, and oils, and wine, and wanton hours. 
 Amid the roses fierce Repentance rears 
 Her snaky crest ; a quick-returning pang 
 Shoots through the conscious heart." 
 
 Thomson, Spring, 997-1001. 
 
 " When you awake from this lascivious dream. 
 Repentance then will follow, like the sting 
 Plac'd in the adder's tail." 
 
 Webster, Vittoria Corombona, act ii. 
 
 Wolsey's good wishes, like those of Turnus, came 
 
 too late : 
 
 " Farewell ! a long farewell to all my greatness ! 
 This is the state of man : to-day he puts forth- 
 The tender leaves of hope, to-morrow blossoms 
 And bears his blushing honours thick upon him : 
 The third d.^y comes a frost, a killing frost ; 
 And, — when he thinks, good easy man, full surely 
 His greatness is a ripening, — nips his root. 
 And then he falls, as I do. I have ventur'd 
 Like little wanton boys that swim on bladders. 
 
276 
 
 V. 504— 513- 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 513—527. 
 
 Pallas untouched ; and when these spoils 
 
 and day 721 
 
 He will regard with loathing. But his mates, 
 
 With many a moan and tear, in crowds 
 
 bring back 
 Their Pallas on his buckler laid. O [thou], 
 Doomed to thy parent to return, a pang 
 And lofty honor ! this, thy op'ning day. 
 Vouchsafed thee to the battle; this, the same 
 Away doth sweep thee, when thou, ne'er- 
 
 theless, 
 Colossal heaps of Rutuli dost leave ! 
 
 Nor now [mere] rumor of calamity 730 
 So grievous, but a surer voucher wings 
 Its way t'iEneas, — that his [comrades] stood 
 In death's strait crisis ; that [high] time it was 
 To aid the routed Teucri. Down he mows 
 
 This many summers in a sea of glory, 
 But far bej^ond my depth : my high-blown pride 
 At length broke under me ; and now has left me, 
 Weary, and old with service, to the mercy 
 Of a rude stream, that must for ever hide me. 
 Vain pomp and glory of this world, I hate ye ! 
 I fee! my heart new open'd. Oh ! how wretched 
 Is that poor man, that hangs on princes' favours. 
 There is, betwixt that smile we would aspire to, 
 That sweet aspect of princes, and their ruin, 
 More pangs and fears than wars or women have ; 
 And when he falls, he falls like Lucifer, 
 Never to hope again." 
 
 Shakespeare, K. Henry VIII., iii. 2. 
 
 But Fletcher makes Dioclesian wiser : 
 
 Suppose this done, or were it possible 
 
 I could rise higher still, I am a man ; 
 
 And all these glories, empires heap'd upon me, 
 
 Confirm'd by constant friends and faithful guards. 
 
 Cannot defend me from a shaking fever. 
 
 Or bribe the uncorrupted dart of Death 
 
 To spare me one short minute. Thus adorn'd 
 
 In these triumphant robes, my body yields not 
 
 A greater shadow than it did when I 
 
 Liv'd both poor and obscure ; a sword's sharp 
 
 point 
 Enters my flesh as far ; dreams break my sleep. 
 As when I was a private man ; my passions 
 Are stronger tyrants on me ; nor is greatness 
 A saving antidote to keep me from 
 A traitor's poison. Shall I praise Fortune, 
 Or raise the building of my happiness 
 ! On her uncertain favour? or presume 
 
 She is my own, and sure, that yet was never 
 Constant to any ?" The Prophetess, iv. 5. 
 
 " Prosperity ! — a harlot. 
 That smiles but to betray ! O shining ruin ! 
 Thou nurse of passions, and thou bane of virtue ! 
 O self-destroying monster ! that art blind. 
 Yet putt'st out Reason's eye, that still should guide 
 
 thee,— 
 Then plungeth down some precipice unseen. 
 And art no more ! Hear me, all-gracious Heaven ! 
 Let me wear out my small remains of life ; 
 Obscure, content with humble poverty. 
 Or in Affliction's hard but wholesome school. 
 If it must be : — I'll learn to know myself. 
 And that's more worth than empire. But, O 
 
 Heaven, 
 Curse ine no more with proud prosperity." 
 
 Hughes, The Siege of Damascus, v. 2. 
 
 Each nearest [object] with his sword, and 
 
 through 
 The wide-spread army forces, [all] afire, 
 A passage with the steel, in quest of thee, 
 O Turnus, of thy recent slaughter proud. 
 Pallas, Evander, — in his very eyes 
 Are all, — the boards which first, a stranger, 
 
 740 
 
 he 
 
 Just then approached, and right hands 
 
 granted. Here, 
 In Sulmo sired, four youths, as many more, 
 Which Ufens rears, he grasps alive, whom he 
 May butcher, off'rings to his shades, and 
 
 drench 
 With captive blood the blazes of his pyre. 
 He next at Magus from afar had launched 
 A hostile spear. In craft the other stoops ; 
 But, quiv'ring over him, the javehn flies ; 
 And he, his knees embracing, utters such 
 Right humbly : " By the Manes of thy sire 
 And rising lulus' hopes, I thee entreat, 75 1 
 This life preserve alike for son and sire. 
 A stately house I own ; there lie within 
 Of graven silver talents buried deep ; 
 
 744. " They come like sacrifices in their trim. 
 And to the fire-ey'd maid of smoky war. 
 All hot, and bleeding, will we offer them : 
 The mailed Mars shall on his altar sit. 
 Up to the ears in blood." 
 
 Shakespeare, i K. Henry IV., iv. i. 
 
 754. "Would you corrupt our valour with your coin ? 
 Or do you think the Spaniard is so poor, 
 A little gold can make him sell his honour ? 
 No_! were your streets through stoned with 
 
 diamonds. 
 And you should dig them up to bring them hither ; 
 Or were your houses, in the stead of slate, 
 Covered with silver, and yourselves prepared 
 To tear it off, and give it unto us : 
 Nay, were your walls of purest chrysolite. 
 And pulled beside their bounds for our own use. 
 Yet would we scorn all this, and ten times more ; 
 For we count honour sweetness of dominion : 
 'Tis lordship that we come for, and to rule. 
 More worth than millions." 
 Webster, The Weakest goeth to the Wall, ii. i. 
 
 " Say, though thy heart be rock of adamant. 
 Yet rocks are not impregnable to bribes : 
 Instruct me how to bribe thee." 
 
 Dryden, Do7t Sebastian, iii. i. 
 
 " When now the' thunder roars, the lightning flies. 
 And all the warring winds tumultuous rise ; 
 When now the foaming surges, tost on high, 
 Disclose the sands beneath, and touch the sky ; 
 When Death draws near, the mariners aghast 
 Look back with terror on their actions past ; 
 Their courage sickens into deep dismay. 
 Their hearts, through fear and anguish, melt 
 
 away. 
 Nor tears, nor prayers, the tempest can appease ; 
 Now they devote their treasure to the seas ; 
 Unload their shatter'd bark, though richly 
 
 fraught, 
 And think the hopes of life are cheaply bought 
 With gems and gold : but oh, the storm so high ! 
 Nor gems nor gold the hopes of life can buy." 
 Young, Last Day, b. i. 
 
▼. 527—553. 
 
 BOOK X, 
 
 V. 554—574- 
 
 277 
 
 Burdens of wrought and unwrought gold 
 
 are mine. 
 TheTeucri's conquest does not hinge on this ; 
 Nor will one life so wide a diff'rence cause." 
 He spoke. To whom i^neas in reply 
 Such-like returns : ** Of silver and of gold 
 The many talents, which thou namest, spare 
 For thy own sons. These bargainings of war 
 Hath Tumus been the first to abrogate, 762 
 From th' instant of my Pallas being slain. 
 The Manes of my sire Anchises this. 
 This thinks lulus." Having spoken thus, 
 The helmet he engrasps in his left hand, 
 And in his neck bowed backward, as he sues. 
 His falchion plunges to the hilt. Not far 
 Hajmonides, of Phoebus and of Trivia priest, 
 Whose brows a fillet with its holy band 770 
 Environed, all in glitter with his robe 
 And with distinguished arms : encount'ring 
 
 whom, 
 He drives him through the plain, and 
 
 standing o'er 
 The fallen, offers him a sacrifice. 
 And shrouds him in vast shade ; his gathered 
 
 arms 
 Serestus on his shoulders carries back, 
 A trophy, king Gradivus, [gift] to thee. 
 From Vulcan's stock begotten, Caeculus, 
 And Umbro, coming from the Marsi's 
 
 mounts, 
 Rally the ranks. The son of Dardanus 780 
 Against them rages. He had with the sword 
 Anxur's left hand, and, wholly with its steel. 
 His buckler's rim, struck off : — he some- 
 thing big 
 Had uttered, and supposed that in the 
 
 speech 
 There lay [some] virtue, and to heav'n his 
 
 soul 
 Was haply lifting up, and hoary hairs 
 And length of years t' himself had guaran- 
 teed : 
 Tarquitus, leaping out on th' other side 
 In sparkling arms, whom Dryope, the 
 
 nymph. 
 Had borne to Faunus, haunter of the 
 woods, 790 
 
 Exposed himself to meet the fiery [chief] : 
 The other hampers with his indrawn lance 
 His coat of mail, and buckler's mountain 
 load. 
 
 768. This is an uncommon,»if not a solitary, ex- 
 ample of applico (v. 536) being joined with an 
 ablative. Some translators consider cerrice to be 
 in the absolute case ; and perhaps it may be so ; 
 but then an ellipse must be the consequence, which 
 they differ in supplying. If this view of the con- 
 struction be preferred, the passage must be other- 
 wise rendered : 
 " And as the suitor's neck is backward bent," &c. 
 
 His head, then, as he begs in vain, and 
 
 many a word 
 Prepares to say, he tumbles to the ground, 
 And, rolling on the blood-warm tnmk, he 
 
 these 
 Above it from a hostile bosom speaks : 
 ** Lie there now, O redoubtable ! Not thee 
 Shall thy most worthy mother hearse in 
 
 earth, 
 And with a barrow of thy native land 800 
 Thy limbs encumber. To the savage fowls 
 Shalt thou be left ; or, sunken in the gulf, 
 The surge shall sweep thee off, and fish, 
 
 unfed. 
 Thy wounds shall lick." Antaeus straight, 
 
 and Lucas, 
 Head champion-men of Tumus, he pur- 
 sues ; 
 Brave Numa, too, and Gamers yellow 
 
 [-haired], 
 From high-souled Volscens sprung, who 
 
 was in land 
 The richest of Ausonia's sons, and reigned 
 O'er still Amyclae. Like yEgeon, who. 
 They tell us, had a hundred arms, and 
 
 hands 810 
 
 A hundred, and that from his fifty mouths 
 And bosoms blazed there forth a flame, 
 
 what time 
 Against Jove's levins he with equal shields 
 So many clanged, unsheathed so many 
 
 swords. 
 Thus o'er the plain thro' out ^Eneas storms, 
 A conqueror, when once his sword-point 
 
 warmed. 
 Lo ! e'en against Niphoeus' four-yoked 
 
 steeds. 
 And their confronted chests, he marches 
 
 on ; 
 And when they saw him taking lengthful 
 
 strides, 
 And raging awfully, wheeled round with 
 fright, 820 
 
 And dashing back, e'en fling they out the 
 
 chief. 
 And hurry off the chariot to the shores. 
 
 794. " Yet loe ! the seas I see by often beating 
 Doe pearce the rockes ; and hardest marble weares ; 
 But his hard rocky hart for no entreating 
 Will yield, but, when my piteous plaints he hearts. 
 Is hardned more with my aboundant teares." 
 
 .Spenser, /'. Q., iv. la, 7. 
 
 But Marinell was only obdurate: iEneas was 
 simply brutal. 
 
 801. Spenser represents the birds as looking out 
 for the future corpse ! 
 " Loe ! loe already how the fowles in aire 
 
 Doe flocke, awaiting shortly to obtayn 
 
 Thy carcas for their pray, the guerdon of thy 
 payn." J"' Q-, "• 6, a8. 
 
278 
 
 V. 575 — 6oo. 
 
 THE jENEID. 
 
 V. 600—62! 
 
 Meanwhile in car, with twain white coursers 
 
 yoked, 
 Leucagus on the midmost bears him down ; 
 His brother Liger too ; but with the reins 
 His brother sways the steeds, keen Leu- 
 cagus 
 His unsheathed falchion brandishes around. 
 As they are fuming with such fiery heat, 
 ^neas brooked them not : he rushes on. 
 And loomed a giant with a hostile spear. 
 T' whom Liger [cries] : '* Not steeds of 
 Diomede, 831 
 
 Nor chariot of Achilles, thou dost see. 
 Or plains of Phrygia : now shall on these 
 
 grounds 
 The war's conclusion and thy life's be 
 
 deigned." 
 Such words from raving Liger widely fly : 
 But 'tis not words Troy's hero e'en prepares 
 In answer ; for a javelin on the foe 
 He hurls. As Leucagus, while o'er the 
 
 . strokes 
 He's stooping forward, with his weapon 
 
 warned 
 His twain-yoked steeds ; while with left 
 foot advanced 840 
 
 He fits him for the fight ; the spear runs 
 
 through 
 The lowest borders of his beaming shield ; 
 Then pierces^his left groin : flung from his 
 
 car, 
 About to die, he o'er the fields is rolled. 
 Whom' good y^neas speaks in bitter terms : 
 "O Leucagus, no plodding flight of steeds 
 Thy car betrayed, or it have overturned 
 Unreal phantoms from thy foes. Thyself 
 Dost leave the chariot, vaulting from the 
 
 wheels." 
 These having spoken thus, the steeds he 
 seized. 850 
 
 His hapless brother stretched his feeble 
 
 hands, 
 Fall'n from the selfsame chariot: "By 
 
 thyself. 
 By parents thine, who such have thee 
 
 begot, 
 O Trojan hero, leave to me this life. 
 And pity one who supplicates." To him 
 ^neas, as he pleads in further [terms] : 
 ** Not such-like words thou late didst utter : 
 die! 
 
 845. Say what the commentators please, pius 
 (v. 591) is an unhappy term to apply to this hard- 
 hearted man ; at least, in the present instance. 
 Leucagus would have said no more than the truth, 
 if he had addressed him in the language of 
 Gloucester to the two murderers : 
 
 " Your eyes drop millstones, when fools' eyes fall 
 tears." Shakespeare, K, Richard III., i. 4. 
 
 And do not thou a brother, brother quit." 
 Then with the sword-point he unlocks his 
 
 breast. 
 The spirit's shroud. Such deaths through- 
 out the plains 860 
 The Dardan leader dealt, while raging on 
 In fashion of a sweeping stream, or inky 
 
 storm. 
 At last the boy Ascanius and the youth, 
 Besieged in vain, burst forth and leave the 
 camp. 
 Jove in the meanwhile Juno unaddressed 
 Accosts : " O sister mine, and thou the same 
 My dearest consort, as thou didst suppose, 
 Venus, ^nor doth thy judgment thee mis- 
 lead, — 
 Upholds the Trojan powers ; with her 
 
 men 
 No right hand is there quick for war, and 
 soul 870 
 
 Of chivalry, and tolerant of risk." 
 T' whom crest-fall'n Juno : "Why, O fairest 
 
 spouse, 
 Dost vex me, sick at heart, and fearing thy 
 
 keen taunts ? 
 Would heav'n there were that power in my 
 
 love, 
 Which there was once, and which 'twas 
 
 right there was ! 
 For this to me thou wouldest not deny, 
 
 thou almighty, but that from the fray 
 
 1 might be able Turnus to withdraw. 
 And keep him for his father Daunus safe. 
 Now let him perish, and to Teucer's sons 
 Discharge amercements with his duteous 
 
 blood. 881 
 
 Still he from our original derives 
 His title, and [within] the fourth [degree] 
 Pilumnus is his sire ; and often has he 
 
 heaped 
 Thy courts with lavish hand and many a 
 
 gift." 
 To whom the monarch of empyreal 
 
 heaven 
 Thus shortly spake : "If from immediate 
 
 death 
 Reprieve and respite for the falling youth 
 Be craved, and thou conceivest that I this 
 Should thus ordain : bear Turnus off in 
 
 flight, 890 
 
 And rescue him from his impending fates. 
 Thus far it is my pleasure thee t' indulge. 
 But if there any higher favor lurks 
 'Neath those entreaties, and the whole 
 
 campaign 
 Thou deemest can be shifted or be 
 
 changed ; — 
 Thou feedest idle hopes." And Juno [at 
 the speech] 
 
V. 628 — 642. 
 
 BOOK X, 
 
 V. 642 — 649. 
 
 279 
 
 Tears shedding : " What if thou in mind 
 shouldst grant 
 
 What thou in voice declinest ; and, con- 
 firmed 
 
 To Turn us, should this life abide? Now 
 waits 
 
 The guiltless [youth] a galling end ; or I, 
 
 Mi^staken in the truth, am swept along. 
 
 Wherein, Oh ! would that I were rather 
 mocked 902 
 
 By groundless dread, and for the better 
 thou. 
 
 Who 'rt able, would'st thy course begun 
 reverse !" 
 
 When uttered she these words, from heav'n 
 on high 
 
 Forthwith she flung her, driving through 
 the air 
 
 A tempest, girdled with a cloud ; and 
 sought 
 
 The Ilian army and Laurentine camp. 
 
 Then doth the goddess, of a hollow mist 
 
 A ghost, thin, strengthless, in ^Eneas' 
 guise, — 910 
 
 A prodigy astounding to be seen ! — 
 
 Trick out in Dardan arms ; and counter- 
 feits 
 
 His shield, and helm-crests of his god-like 
 head ; 
 
 Gives empty words, gives sound without a 
 soul. 
 
 And represents the gait of one that walks : 
 
 Such as the shapes, when death is under- 
 gone, — 
 
 The legend goes, — flit to and fro ; or 
 dreams, 
 
 897. Juno wished Jupiter to answer pretty much 
 as the Groom replied to Kifig Richard II. 
 (Actv. 2): 
 " What my tongue dares not, that my heart shall 
 
 say ;" 
 holding, perhaps, with Suffolk, that 
 
 " Things are often spoke, and seldom meant." 
 2 A'. Henry VI., iii, i. 
 916. " Such are those thick and gloomy shadows 
 
 damp. 
 Oft seen in charnel vaults and sepulchres 
 Lingering, and sitting by a new-made grave. 
 As loth to leave the body that it loved." 
 
 Milton, Comits. 
 
 Ford employs the notion with effect : 
 " Peace and sweet rest sleep here ! Let not the 
 
 touch 
 Of this my impious hand profane the shrine 
 Of fairest purity, which hovers yet 
 About these blessed bones inhears'd within. 
 If in the bosom of this sacred tomb, 
 Bianca, thy disturbed ghost doth range. 
 Behold, I offer up the sacrifice 
 Of bleeding tears, shed from a faithful spring ; 
 Pouring oblations of a mourning heart 
 To thee, offended spirit." Loves Sacrifice, v. 4. 
 
 917. See note on ^n. vi, /. 398.; 
 
 Which drowsed senses mock. But frisJcs 
 
 about 
 The blithesome sprite before the leofUng 
 
 lines. 
 And chafes with arms the hero, and with 
 
 voice 920 
 
 Exasperates. On whom does Tumus press, 
 And from a distance hurls a hissing spear : 
 It, with its back presented, wheels its steps. 
 Then sooth as soon as ever Tumus thought 
 That, being turned away, yEneas yields, 
 And, [all] in tumult in his soul, vain hope 
 Drank in : ** ./Eneas, whither dost thou fly? 
 
 919. It is well known that there are in reality as 
 treacherous phenomena as the phantom which de- 
 luded Tumus, though not quite of the same kind. 
 " Perhaps, impatient as he stumbles on. 
 Struck from the root of slimy rushes, blue. 
 The wild-fire scatters round, or gather'd trails 
 A length of flame deceitful o'er the moss ; 
 Whither decoy'd by the fantastic, blaze. 
 Now lost, and now renew'd, he sinks absorpt. 
 Rider and horse, amid the miry gulf: 
 While still, from day to day, his pining wife 
 And plaintive children his return await. 
 In wild conjecture lost. At other times. 
 Sent by the better genius of the night. 
 Innoxious, gleaming on the horse's mane. 
 The meteor sits ; and shows the narrow path 
 That winding leads through pits of death, or else 
 Instructs him how to take the dangerous ford." 
 Thomson, Autumn. 
 Collins is more particular ; but it would seem 
 that he drew his ideas from the poem of his friend 
 just quoted : 
 
 " Let not dank Will mislead you to the heath : 
 Dancing in mirky night, o'er fen and Ial:e, 
 He glows, to draw you downward to your death. 
 
 In his bewitch'd, low, marshy willow brake I 
 What though far off, from some dark dell espied. 
 His glimmering mazes cheer th' e.xcursive sight. 
 Yet turn, ye wanderers, turn your steps aside. 
 
 Nor trust the guidance of that faithless light. 
 For watchful, lurking, 'mid the unrustling reed. 
 
 At those mirk hours the wily monster lies. 
 And listens oft to hear the passing steed. 
 And frequent round him rolls his sullen eyes. 
 If chance his savage wrath may some weak wretch 
 surprise." 
 
 Ode on the Superstitions of the Highlands. 
 ^27. "Demetrius. Lysander, speak again, 
 i'hou runaway, thou coward, art thou fled ? 
 Speak ! In some bush ? Where dost thou hide thy 
 head? 
 Puck. Thou coward ! art thou bragging to the 
 stars. 
 Telling the bushes that thou look'st for wars. 
 And wilt not come ? Come, recreant : come, thou 
 
 child ; 
 I'll whip thee with a rod : he is defil'd 
 That draws a sword on thee. 
 
 Demetrius. Yea ; art thou there ? . 
 
 Fuck. Follow my voice : we U try no manhood 
 
 here. 
 Lysander. He goes before me, and still dares me 
 on ! 
 When I come where he calls, then he is gone. 
 The villain is much lighter hecl'd than 1 ; 
 I foUow'd fast, but faster he did fly.' 
 Shakespeare, Midsummer Hight's Drtam, iii. a. 
 
28o 
 
 V. 649—674. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 674—686. 
 
 Abandon not the plighted marriage-beds ! 
 With this right hand shall be vouchsafed 
 
 jthe soil 
 Sought o'er the waves." He, shouting 
 
 such, pursues, 930 
 
 And brandishes his falchion-blade un- 
 sheathed ; 
 Nor sees the breezes bear away his joys. 
 By chance a galley, moored to th' eminence 
 Of steepy rock, with stretched-out ladders, 
 
 stood, 
 And gangway ready laid ; wherein the king 
 Osinius was conveyed from Clusium's coasts. 
 Hither, within its lurking-places, throws 
 
 itself 
 The flurried phantom of iEneas taking 
 
 flight. 
 Nor Turnus more inactive presses on. 
 And obstacles surmounts, and springs across 
 The lofty gangways. Scarce the prow he'd 
 
 reached : — 941 
 
 Saturnia snaps the rope, and tows away 
 The wrenched vessel o'er the rolling seas. 
 Then the light phantom now no further 
 
 seeks 
 The lurking spots, but, soaring up aloft, 
 Itself it blended with a pitchy cloud. 
 But him, not present [there], ^neas calls 
 To combat : he despatches down to death 
 The many hero-bodies in his way. 
 When, in the meantime, on the midst of sea 
 A storm sweeps Turnus off, he looks behind. 
 Unconscious of events, and for escape 952 
 Unthankful, and both hands, along with 
 
 voice. 
 He stretches to the stars : " Almighty sire. 
 Hast deemed me worthy of so grave a 
 
 charge, 
 And willed that I such penalties should 
 
 pay? 
 Whither am I borne on ? Whence have I 
 
 come? 
 What speed shall bring me back, or [bring 
 
 me] what [in fame] ? 
 Shall I once more Laurentum's walls and 
 
 camp 
 Behold ? What of that band of heroes, who 
 Me and my arms have followed? all of 
 
 whom — 961 
 
 O guilt ! — in cursed death have I forsook ? 
 And now I see them straggling, and I hear 
 
 958. . " My dear, dear lord. 
 
 The purest treasure mortal times afford 
 Is spotless reputation : that away. 
 Men are but gilded loam, or painted clay. 
 A jewel in a ten times barr'd-up chest 
 Is a bold spirit in a loyal breast. 
 Mine honour is my life ; both grow in one : 
 T^e honour from me, and my life is done." 
 Shakespeare, K. Richard II., i. i. 
 
 The groan of those that fall. What is 't I 
 
 do? 
 Or now what deep of earth can wide 
 
 enough 
 Gape ope for me ? Ye rather, O ye winds, 
 Have pity on me ! On the cliffs, on 
 
 rocks, — 
 I, Turnus, heartily do you beseech, — 
 My vessel force along, and let it drive 
 Upon the felon shallows of the Syrt, 970 
 Whither nor Rutuli, nor conscious Rumor, 
 May follow me." As he these [words] 
 
 repeats. 
 Now hither does he waver in his mind. 
 Now thither : — whether he with point of 
 
 sword 
 Should wildly stab himself, because of such 
 His deep disgrace, and through his ribs 
 
 drive home 
 The ruthless falchion ; or should fling him- 
 self 
 Upon the centre of the waves, and seek 
 The winding shores by swimming, and 
 
 again 
 Return against the Teucri's arms. Three 
 
 times 980 
 
 Either expedient he essayed ; three times 
 The highest Juno checked him, and, the 
 
 youth 
 Compassionating from her soul, restrained. 
 
 966. " On the ground 
 
 Outstretch'd he lay, on the cold ground ; and oft 
 
 Cursed his creation : Death as oft accused 
 
 Of tardy execution, since denounced 
 
 The day of his offence. ' Why comes not Death,* 
 
 Said he, ' with one thrice-acceptable stroke 
 
 To end me ? Shall Truth fail to keep her word 1 
 
 Justice divine not hasten to be just? 
 
 But Death comes not at call ; Justice divine 
 
 Mends not her slowest pace for prayers or cries. 
 
 woods, O fountains, hillocks, dales, and bowers ! 
 With other echo late I taught your shades 
 
 To answer, and resound far other song.' " 
 
 Milton, F. L., b. x. 
 
 " Then hear me. Heaven, to whom I call for right. 
 And you, fair twinkling stars, that crown the 
 
 night ; 
 And hear me, woods, and silence of this place. 
 And ye, sad hours, that move a sullen pace ; 
 Hear me, ye shadows, that delight to dwell 
 In horrid darkness, and ye powers of hell. 
 Whilst I breathe out my last." 
 J. Fletcher, The Faithful Shepherdess, iv. 4. 
 
 The misery of Turnus may call to mind the ex- 
 clamation of the unhappy Richard : 
 
 " O ! that I were as great 
 As is my grief, or lesser than my name. 
 Or that I could forget what I have been. 
 Or not remember what I must be now." 
 
 Shakespeare, K. Richard II., iii. 3. 
 
 973. *' Talbot. My thoughts are whirled like a 
 potter's wheel ; 
 
 1 know not where I am, or what I do." 
 
 Shakespeare, i K. Henry VI., i. 5. 
 
V. 687—718. 
 
 BOOK X. 
 
 V. 718—738. 
 
 381 
 
 I le glides, the sea-depths sundering, alike 
 With surge and tide of favor, and is borne 
 On to his father Daunus' ancient town. 
 
 But meanwhile, by the impulses of Jove, 
 Mezentius, burning, to the nght succeeds, 
 And on the Teucrians, as they exult, 
 1 le charges. Run in mass the Tuscan 
 troops, 990 
 
 And with all hate and crowding darts 
 L'pon one hero, [yea] on one, they rush. 
 He, — like a cliff, which into ocean vast 
 juts out, exposed to frenzies of the winds, 
 And open to the deep, bears all the brunt 
 And threats alike of heav'n and of the sea, 
 Itself abiding moveless : — Hebrus, son 
 Of Dolichaon, fells to earth, with whom 
 [He] Latagus and flying Palmus [slays] : 
 But Latagus he with a rock, aye e'en icxx) 
 The mighty fragment of a mount, forestalls 
 Upon the mouth and his confronted face : 
 Palmus, with severed ham-string he allows 
 Inactive to be tumbled, and his arms 
 To Lausus on his shoulders grants to wear, 
 And on his crest to plant his plumes. 
 
 Moreo'er, 
 He fells Evanth the Phrygian, Mimas too, 
 [Of] equal [age] with Paris, and his mate, 
 Whom in one night Theano brought to light 
 For Amyous his sire, and, pregnant with a 
 torch, loio 
 
 The queen Cisseis Paris : Paris rests 
 [Tombed] in the city of his ancestors : 
 Mimas, unknown, Laurentum's coast con- 
 tains. 
 And like as, hounded by the fang of dogs 
 From lofty mountains down, some famous 
 
 boar. 
 Whom piny Vesulus for many a year 
 Bescreens, for many, too, the Laurent 
 
 marsh, 
 Fed in the reedy forest, when he once 
 Among the nets is come, has ta'en his 
 
 stand. 
 And bellowed in his rage, and bristled up 
 His shoulders j nor has one the hardi- 
 hood 1 02 1 
 To show his wrath, and nearer to ap- 
 proach ; 
 But him with darts and shoutings safe afar 
 They ply : still he, undaunted, slowly turns 
 Towards ev'ry quarter, gnashing with his 
 
 tusks. 
 And from his side he shakes the lances 
 
 down : 
 No otherwise, not one of those, to whom 
 Mezentius was the cause of righteous wrath, 
 Has courage to engage with sword un- 
 sheathed ; 
 With missiles from afar and lusty shout 
 
 They worry him. From Coryth's ancient 
 bourns 103 1 
 
 Had Acron come, a man [of] Grecian [line], 
 An exile, leaving incomplete the rites 
 Of marriage. Him when from afar he saw 
 Discomfiting the central squadrons, gay 
 In plumes and purple of his plighted bride : 
 As oft a foodless lion, ranging o'er 
 The lofty stalls, (for madding hunger 
 
 prompts,) 
 If haply he hath spied a flitting roe. 
 Or hart with antlers tow'ring high, exults 
 Hideously yawning, and hath raised his 
 mane, 1041 
 
 And to the entrails, couching o'er them, 
 
 clings ; 
 The noisome gore bewets his felon jaws : 
 So, eager hurtles on his serried foes 
 Mezentius. Hapless Acron low is laid, 
 And, dying, with his heels the murky ground 
 He smites, and smears with blood the shat- 
 tered darts. 
 And he, the same, deigned not to overthrow 
 Orodes, as he's flying, nor to deal 
 A wound invisible with darted lance : 1050 
 He meets him in his path and to his face, 
 And fell to the encounter man to man, 
 Superior, not in guile, but gallant arms. 
 Then with his foot placed o'er him, stricken 
 
 down, 
 And leaning on his spear : " Lies, warriors ! 
 
 [here] 
 No despicable portion of the war, 
 The high Orodes." Following him, his 
 mates 
 
 1036. Acron, though not deficient in bravery, 
 would not have been quite to the taste of the poor 
 Captain in Ford's Unnatural Combat. Speaking 
 of his armor, he says : 
 
 " This hath past through 
 A wood of pikes, and every one aimed at it. 
 Yet scom'd to take impression from their fury : 
 With this, as still you see it, fresh and new, 
 I've charg'd through fire that would have sing'd 
 
 your sables. 
 Black fox, and ermines, and changed the proud 
 
 colour 
 Of scarlet, though of the right Tyrian die. — 
 But now, as if the trappings made the man. 
 Such only are admir'd that come adorn'd 
 With what's no part of them." Act iii. 3. 
 
 1037. " What if the lion in his rage I meet ! — 
 Oft in the dust I view his printed feet ; 
 And, fearful ! oft when Day's declining light 
 Yields her pale empire to the mourner Night, 
 By hunger rous'd, he scours the groaning plain. 
 Gaunt wolves and sullen tigers in his tram : 
 Before them Death with shrieks directs their way. 
 Fills the wild yell, and leads them to their prey. 
 Collins, Oriental Eclogues, ii. 
 1052. " Blood hath bought blood, and blows have 
 
 answer'd blows ; 
 Strength match'd with strength, and power con- 
 fronted power." Shakespeare, A'. John, ii. a. 
 
V. 738—746. 
 
 THE jENEID. 
 
 V. 747—768. 
 
 A joyful pasan in a chorus shout. 
 But, dying, he : " Not over me, unwreaked, 
 Nor long, shalt thou, whoe'er thou art, exult 
 In conquest : equal destinies await 106 1 
 Thee, too, and soon thou' It gripe the self- 
 same fields." 
 To whom Mezentius, smiUng with mixt rage : 
 ' ' Now perish ! But the father of the gods 
 And king of men will see to me." As this 
 He speaks, he wrenched the weapon from 
 
 the corpse : 
 Stern rest and steely slumber press his orbs ; 
 His eyes are shut in everlasting night. 
 
 1067. " Death is an equall doome 
 
 To good and bad, the common in of rest." 
 
 Spenser, F. Q., ii. i, 45. 
 
 Beautifully of sleep in life and health : 
 " The whyles his lord in silver slomber lay. 
 Like to the evening starre adorn'd with deawy 
 ray." F. Q., vi. 7, 19. 
 
 Shakespeare, differently : 
 " Till o'er their brows death-counterfeiting sleep, 
 With leaden legs and batty wings, doth creep." 
 Midsianmer Night's Dream, iii. 2. 
 
 Dryden, of Charles II. : 
 " An iron slumber sat on his majestic eyes." 
 Threnodia Angtistalis. 
 
 1068. Perhaps iit, v. 746, should be rendered by 
 Jor. 
 
 " And when those pallid cheekes and ashe hew. 
 
 In which sad Death his pourtraiture had writ. 
 
 And when those hollow eyes and deadly view, 
 
 On which the cloud of ghastly night did sit," &c. 
 
 Spenser, JDapIiTtaida, iii. 2. 
 
 " Then going forth, and finding in his way 
 A souldier of the watch, who sleeping lay, 
 Enrag'd to see the wretch neglect his part, 
 He strikes his sword into his trembling heart : 
 The hand of death, and iron dulnesse, takes 
 Those leaden eyes, which nat'rall ease forsakes." 
 Sir John Beaumont, Bosworth Field. 
 
 " See, while I speak, high on her sable wheel 
 Old Night advancing climbs the eastern hill : 
 Troops of dark clouds prepare her way ; behold 
 How their brown pinions, edg'd with evening 
 
 gold. 
 Spread shadowing o'er the house, and glide away, 
 slowly pursuing the declining day ; 
 O'er the broad roof they fly their circuit still. 
 Thus days before they did, and days to come 
 
 they will ; 
 But the black cloud, that shadows o'er his eyes. 
 Hangs there immoveable, and never flies : 
 Fain would I bid the envious gloom be gone ; 
 Ah, fruitless wish ! how are his curtains drawn 
 For a long evening that despairs the dawn !" 
 
 "Watts, Lyric Poems, b. iii. To the Memory 
 of Gunston. 
 
 Gray uses the expression of Milton's blindness : 
 " The living throne, the sapphire-blaze 
 Where angels tremble while they gaze. 
 He saw ! but, blasted with excess of light, 
 Clos'd his eyes in endless night." 
 
 The Progress of Poesy, iii. 2. 
 
 Caedicus puts Alcathous to death, 
 S aerator [kills] Hydaspes ; Rapo, too, 1070 
 Parthenius ; also, passing strong in might, 
 (3rses ; Messapus also Clonius [slays]. 
 And Ericetes of Lycaon['s line] ; 
 That, — by the fall of his unruly steed, 
 Lying on earth; — a footman ////>,— on foot." 
 And Lycian Agis had advanced in front : 
 Whom, yet, not lacking of the bravery 
 Of ancestors, doth Valerus o'erthrow ; 
 While Salius Thronius [puts to death], 
 Likewise Nealces Salius, in the dart 1080 
 Distinguished, and the far deceiving bolt. 
 Now grisly Mars was balancing their 
 
 woes 
 And mutual slaught'rings : slew alike and 
 
 fell alike 
 The conq'rors and the conquered : flight 
 
 was known 
 Neither to these, nor those. The deities 
 Within the courts of Jove compassion feel 
 For th' idle wrath of both, and that such 
 
 deep 
 Distresses were [the lot] of mortal men : 
 To this side Venus, on the other hand. 
 To that, Saturnian Juno pays regard; 1090 
 The wan Tisiphone, among the midst 
 Of thousands, is in fury. But, in sooth, 
 Mezentius, shaking his prodigious spear, 
 [All] in a tumult, marches on the field : 
 As great Orion, when afoot he walks 
 Through central Nereus' vasty floods, his 
 
 path 
 Disparting, by his shoulder overtops 
 The waves ; or, bringing down from moun- 
 tain crests 
 An aged ash, both stalks upon the ground, 
 And hides his head among the clouds : 
 
 such-like 1 100 
 
 " The torpid pow'rs 
 Of heaviness weigh'd down my beamless eyes. 
 And pressed them into night." 
 
 W. Thompson, Sickness, b. i. 
 
 " What mist weighs down 
 My eyes already ! Oh, 'tis death; I see. 
 In a long robe of darkness, is preparing 
 To seal them up for ever." 
 
 Shirley, Love's Cruelty, v. 2. 
 
 " A mist hangs o'er mine eyes ; the sun's bright 
 splendour 
 Is clouded in an everlasting shadow." 
 
 Ford, The Broken Heart, v. 3. 
 
 1095. See note on j^n. iii. /. 931. 
 
 1096. " Forthwith upright he rears from off the 
 
 pool 
 His mighty stature ; on each hand the flames. 
 Driven backward, slope their pointing spires, and, 
 
 roll'd 
 In billows, leave i' the midst a horrid vale." 
 
 Milton, P. L., b. i. 
 
V. 768— 789« 
 
 BOOK X, 
 
 V. 790—808. 
 
 383 
 
 Mezentius bears him on in giant arms. 
 >Eneas, on the other hantl, prepares 
 To meet him in advance, as him he spied 
 In the long line. . He undismayed remains, 
 His high-souled foe awaiting, and he stands 
 In his own bulk, and meting with his eyes 
 A range, far as sufficient for his spear : 
 " May my right hand, a deity to me. 
 And dart, which, ready to be launched, I 
 poise, 1 109 
 
 Stand by me now 1 'Tis thee thyself that 1, 
 O Lausus, hallow, mantled in the spoils, 
 Reft from the carcass of a pirate-knave, 
 A trophy of /Eneas." [Thus] he spake. 
 And from a distance flung the hissing lance : 
 But, flying, 'tis from off" his buckler shot, 
 And far the excellent Antores spears 
 Between the side and loins ; Antores, mate 
 Of Hercules, who had, from Argi sent. 
 Held to Evander, and had settled down 
 In his Italian city. He is felled, 1120 
 
 Of evil fortune, by another's wound. 
 And casts a look to heav'n, and, as he dies, 
 Recalls the charming Argi to his soul. 
 Then does the good /Eneas throw his spear : 
 It through the hollow disk with triple bronze. 
 Through folds of canvas, and the work, in- 
 wove 
 With three bull[-hide]s, careered, and came 
 
 to rest 
 Deep in the groin : but carried on its force 
 No further. Quick his sword /Eneas, blithe 
 At sight of Tuscan blood, tears from his 
 thigh, 1 1 30 
 
 And hotly presses on his wildered [foe]. 
 Lausus, when he beheld it, deeply groaned. 
 In his affection for his darling sire, 
 
 iioi. " Disdayne he called was, and did disdayne 
 To be so cald, and who so did him call : 
 Sterne was his looke, and full ofstomacke vayne ; 
 His portaunce terrible, and stature tall. 
 Far passing th' hight of men terrestrial! ; 
 Like an huge gyant of the Titans race ; 
 That made him scorne all creatures great and 
 
 small, 
 And with his pride all others powre deface : 
 
 More fitt emongst black liendes then men to have 
 his place." Spenser, F. Q., ii, 7, 41. 
 
 " On th' other side, Satan, alarm'd. 
 Collecting all his might, dilated stood. 
 Like Tenerilf or Atlas, unrcmoved : 
 His stature reach'd the sky, and on his crest 
 Sat Horror plum'd ; nor wanted in his grasp 
 What scem'd both spear and shield."' 
 
 Milton, F. L., b. iv. 
 
 1 108. Mezentius was like Sansfoy : 
 " At last him chaunst to meete upon the way 
 A faithlesse Sarazin. all armde to point. 
 In whose |;reat shield was writ with letters gay 
 Sansfoy ; full large of limbe and every ioint 
 He was, and cared not for God or man a point," 
 Spenser, F. Q., i. 2, la. 
 
 And tears came o'er his features cotirstng 
 
 down. 
 Here, the disaster of thy grievous death, 
 And thy most glorious deeds, if any age 
 Will credit to so great a work extend, 
 I shall not sooth, nor thee shall I, O youth, 
 Deserving record, pass in silence by. 
 He, drawing back his foot, disabled e'en, 
 And hampered, was retreating, and the 
 
 hostile shaft 1141 
 
 Was trailing in his shield. Forth sprang 
 
 the youth. 
 And mingled him among their arms. And 
 
 now 
 He passed beneath ^Eneas' falchion-point. 
 As with his right hand rises he on high. 
 And deals a blow, and him by checking 
 
 bore. 
 His comrades second him with lusty cheer. 
 While, guarded by the buckler of the son, 
 The sire withdrew ; and darts together hurl. 
 And from afar with missiles drive away 1 1 50 
 The foe. -(^neas fumes, and keeps himself 
 Ensconced. And as, if storms at times 
 With drifted hail swoop downward, from 
 
 the plains 
 Hath ev'ry ploughman 'scaped, and ev'ry 
 
 swain ; 
 And in a safe retreat the traveller hides, 
 Or by a river's banks, or by a vault 
 Of tow'ring rock, while on the lands it rains. 
 That they may, on returning of the sun, 
 Be able to employ the day in toil : 
 
 1134. If attention to voice be insisted on, v. 790 
 may be rendered thus : 
 "And tears were forced in courses o'er his cheeks." 
 
 1137. Tanto operi may fairly be looked upon as 
 a reference to the poem itself. It is like Virgil, 
 who, on the occasion of recording the feats of Nisus 
 and Euryalus, uses a similar expression : si quid 
 ntea carrnina possttnt. 
 
 1 149. Guyomar says to his father Montezuma, in 
 Dryden's Indian Emperor : 
 " Fly, sir, while I give back that life you gave. 
 
 Mine is well lost, if I your life can save." 
 
 Act i. 2. 
 1153, . " The sulphurous hail 
 
 Shot after us in storm, o'erblown, hath laid 
 The fiery surge that from the precipice 
 Of Heaven received us falling : and the thunder, 
 Wing'd with red lightning, and impetuous rage. 
 Perhaps hath spent his shafts, and ceases now 
 To bellow through the vast and boundless deep." 
 Milton, F. L., b. i. 
 1158. "As when from mountain tops the dusky 
 
 clouds 
 Ascending, while the north wind sleeps, o'ersprcad 
 Heaven's cheerful face, the lowering element 
 Scowls o'er the darkcn'd landbkip snow, or shower ; 
 If chance the radiant sun with farewell sweet 
 Extend his evening beam, the fields revive, 
 The birds their notes renew, and bleating herds 
 
 Attest their joy, thatliill and valley rings 
 
 fOi 
 
 Ibid., b. u. 
 
284 
 
 V. 8oJ 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 I21— 847. 
 
 Thus, overwhelmed by darts on ev'ry side, 
 ^neas bears the battle-storm, until 1 161 
 All thunder clears away; and Lausus chides, 
 And Lausus threatens : " Whither, doomed 
 
 to die. 
 Dost rush, and darest [deeds] above thy 
 
 strength ? 
 Thee, heedless [youth], thy piety mis- 
 leads." 
 Nor doth the other madly triumph less. 
 And higher rises now the felon rage 
 Of the Dardanian leader, and the Weirds 
 For Lausus gather up the last of threads. 
 For home ^neas drives his lusty sword 
 Through the youth's midriff, and deep hides 
 
 the whole. 11 71 
 
 The falchion -point both traversed through 
 
 his shield. 
 The threat' ning [youth's] light armor, and 
 
 the frock 
 Which had his mother spun with ductile 
 
 gold; 
 And blood his bosom filled : then life 
 
 through air 
 Fled rueful to the Ghosts, and left the corse. 
 
 1169. See note on Ed. iv. /. 62. 
 " But grant man happy ; grant him happy long ; 
 Add to life's prize her latest hour ; 
 That hour, so late, is nimble in approach. 
 That, like a post, comes on in full career : 
 How swift the shuttle flies, that weaves thy 
 shroud !" 
 
 Gascoigne's Greene Knight would have wished 
 it had in his case : 
 
 " The fatal Sisters three. 
 
 Which spun my slender twine. 
 Knew wel how rotten was the yarne. 
 
 Fro whence they drew their line : 
 Yet haue they wouen the web. 
 
 With care so manifolde, 
 (Alas I woful wretch the while) 
 
 As any cloth can holde : 
 Yea though the threeds be cowrse. 
 
 And such as others lothe. 
 Yet must I wrap alwayes therin 
 
 My bones and body both ; 
 And weare it out at length. 
 
 Which lasteth but too long : 
 O weauer, weauer, work no more ; 
 Thy warp hath done me wrong." 
 Weedes: Complaint of the Greene Knight. 
 Chaucer has a different image : 
 " For sikerly, whan I was borne, anon 
 Deth drow the tappe of lif, and let it gon : 
 And ever sith hath so the tappe yronne. 
 Till that almost all empty is the tonne." 
 Canterbjiry Talcs; the R eve's Prologue. 
 Shakespeare makes King John say : 
 " The tackle of my heart is crack'd and burn'd ; 
 And all the shrouds, wherewith my life should sail. 
 Are turned to one thread, one little hair : 
 My heart hath one poor string to stay it by. 
 Which holds but till thy news be uttered. 
 And then all this thou seest is but a clod. 
 And model of confounded royalty." Act. v. 7. 
 
 But when, in sooth, Anchises' offspring 
 
 saw 
 The face and features of the dying youth, — 
 Features in wondrous fashion waxing wan ; 
 Compassionating him he deeply groaned. 
 And stretched his right hand forth, and to 
 his mind 1181 
 
 The picture of a father's love occurred. 
 " What now to thee, O piteous youth, for 
 
 these 
 Thy merits, what can good ^neas grant, 
 Worthy of such a noble nature ? [These] 
 
 the arms 
 Wherein thou hast rejoiced, keep thine, 
 and thee • • 
 
 I to the ghosts and ashes of thy sires, — 
 If that have any interest,— resign. 
 Yet thou herewith, ill-starred, sad death 
 
 shalt cheer : — 
 By great yEneas' right hand thou dost fall." 
 Thereon he chides his loit'ring mates, and 
 lifts 1191 
 
 Him up from earth, defiling with his blood 
 His tresses, trimmed in customary form. 
 
 Meanwhile his sire at Tiber's river-wave 
 His wounds was stanching with its crystal- 
 streams. 
 And, leaning on a tree-bole, rested he his 
 
 frame. 
 Hangs from the boughs apart his helm of 
 
 bronze. 
 And on the mead his cumbrous arms repose. 
 Choice youths around him stand ; he, faint 
 
 himself. 
 Gasping for breath, supports his neck, his 
 beard I200 
 
 In forward culture flowing on his breast. 
 Of Lausus many a question does he ask. 
 And many a one he sends, to call him back 
 And bear the orders of his mourning sire. 
 But Lausus lifeless his companions bore 
 Upon his arms, in tears, — a mighty [youth], 
 And conquered by a mighty wound. A mind, 
 Of ill foresightful, understood afar 
 Their groan. His hoary hairs with plen- 
 teous dust 
 He mars, and stretches both his hands to 
 heaven, 12 10 
 
 And fastens on the body: " O my son, 
 Hath such a whelming appetite for life 
 Held me, that I should in my stead allow 
 To take my place beneath the foe's right 
 hand 
 
 1 190. So Olivia says : 
 " If one should be a prey, how much the better 
 To fall before the lion than the wolf.!" 
 
 Shakespeare, Twelfth Night, iii. i. 
 
 1202. " Stay, you imperfect speakers, tell me 
 more." Shakespeare, Macbeth, i. 3. 
 
r. 848—869. 
 
 BOOK X. 
 
 V. 869—883. 
 
 2Ss 
 
 I lim whom I've sired? By these thy wounds 
 
 am I, 
 Thy father, rescued, living l)y thy death ? 
 Now, welaway! to wretched me at length 
 A hapless endj A wound now driven deep ! 
 I, son, the s^me, have stained thy name by 
 
 guilt, 1 2 19 
 
 From throne and sceptre of my fathers driven 
 Through infamy. Had I a forfeit owed 
 To native country and my [people's] hate, 
 By every death would I myself had given 
 My guilty spirit ! Now I live, nor yet 
 Mankind and light I leave 1— but leave I 
 
 will." 
 At once, while saying this, he lifts him up 
 Upon his sickly thigh, and, though his 
 
 strength 
 Foreslows him, owing to his deepsome 
 
 wound, 
 He, not cast down, his charger bids be 
 
 brought. 
 This was his pride, his comfort this ; with 
 
 this 1230 
 
 He issued conqueror from ev'ry war. 
 He speaks the mourning [steed], and in the 
 
 like 
 Begins : '* O Rhoebus, long, — if any thing 
 Is long for mortal beings, — have we lived. 
 Thou either conq'ror shalt to-day bring back 
 Those bloody trophies and /Eneas' head, 
 And of the pangs of Lausus venger be 
 With me ; or, if no pow'r disclose a way, 
 Along with me shalt die. For deem not I, 
 O thou most gallant [horse], that thou wilt 
 
 deign 1240 
 
 To brook outlandish rules and Trojan 
 
 lords." 
 He said ; and, on his back received, [there] 
 
 placed 
 His wonted limbs, and laded both his hands 
 With pointed jav'lins, glitt'ring on his head 
 
 1216. " No tomb shall hold thee 
 
 But these two arms, no trickments but my tears ; 
 Over thy hearse my sorrows, like sad arms. 
 Shall hang for ever ; on the toughest marble 
 Mine eyes shall weep thee out an epitaph : 
 Love at thy feet shall kneel, his smart bow broken. 
 Faith at thy head. Youth and the Graces mourners : 
 Oh, sweet young man !" 
 
 Fletcher, T/te Mad Lover, v. 4. 
 
 1232. See note on jEn. iv. /. 101, and xi. /. 127. 
 
 1242. Only for his wound, the following quotation 
 might be appropriate : 
 
 " I saw young Harry, with his beaver on, 
 His cuisses on his thighs, gallantly arm'd. 
 Rise from the ground like feathered Mercury, 
 And vaulted with such ease into his seat, 
 As if an angel dropp'd down from the clouds. 
 To turn and wind a fiery Pegasus, 
 And witch the world with noble horsemanship." 
 Shakespeare, i K. Henry IV., iv. 1. 
 
 With bronze, and bristling with a horse- 
 hair plume. 
 Thus on the midmost, fleet, he sped his 
 
 course. 
 Seethes mighty shame within a single heart. 
 And a deliriousness with mingled woe, 
 And love by Furies racked, and con.scions 
 
 worth. 
 And here iEneas thrice with lusty voice 
 He called. Him sooth ^Eneas knew, and 
 
 glad 1251 
 
 He prays : "So grant that mighty sire of 
 
 gods ! 
 So high Apollo ! To engage the hand 
 Do thou begin." He uttered only this ; 
 And goes to meet him with a hostile spear. 
 But he : •' How scare you me, thrice-brutal 
 
 [wretch]. 
 My son reft from me ? This was th* only way, 
 Whereby you could destroy. Nor dread we 
 
 death, 
 Nor any of the deities we spare. 
 Surcease ! I now am coming, doomed todie. 
 And these my gifts to thee I carry first." 
 
 1256. What Caraza says to Irene might have 
 
 been applied to Mezentius : 
 
 " While unavailing anger crowds thy tongue 
 With idle threats and fruitless exclamation. 
 The fraudful moments ply their silent wings. 
 And steal thy life away. Death's horrid angel 
 Already shakes his bloody sabre o'er thee." 
 
 Johnson, Irene, v. 9. 
 
 1258. " And why not death, rather than living tor- 
 ment? 
 To die is to be banished from myself. 
 And Silvia is myself: banish'd from her. 
 Is self from ^elf ; a deadly banishment. 
 What light is light, if Silvia be not seen? 
 What joy is joy, if Silvia be not by? 
 Unless it be to think that she is by. 
 And feed upon the shadow of perfection. 
 Except I be by Silvia in the night. 
 There is no music in the nightingale ; 
 Unless I look on Silvia in the day, i 
 
 There is no day for me to look upon. 
 She is my essence ; and I leave to be. 
 If I be not by her fair influence 
 Foster'd, illumin'd, cherish'd, kept alive. 
 I fly not death, to fly his deadly doom : 
 Tarry I here, I but attend on death ; 
 But, fly I hence, I fly away from life." 
 Shakespeare, Two Gentlemen of Verona, iii. i. 
 
 " Why stare ye on me ? 
 You cannot put on faces to aflfright me : 
 In death I am a king still, and contemn ye. 
 Where is that governor ? Methinks his manhood 
 Should be well pleas'd to see my tragedy. 
 And come to bathe his stem eyes in my sorroMrs : 
 I dare him to the fight ; bring his scorns with him. 
 And all his rugged threats." 
 
 Fletcher, The Island Princess, iL $. 
 
 " The sense of death is most in apprehension. 
 And the poor beetle, that we tread upon. 
 In corponil sufferance finds a pang, as great 
 As when a giant dies." 
 
 Shakespeare, Measurtfor Measnrt, iii. x. 
 
286 
 
 882—895. 
 
 THE JENEID. 
 
 V. 895 — 908. 
 
 He said, and whirled a jav'lin on the foe ; 
 And after that moreover fastens firm 1 263 
 Another, and another, and he flies 
 In spacious circuit : but the. golden boss 
 Supports them. Thrice around him, as he 
 
 stands. 
 He rode in circles to the left, his darts 
 Forth launching from his hand ; thrice with 
 
 himself 
 The Trojan hero a prodigious w^ood 
 Bears round upon his canopy of bronze. 
 Then, when it irUs him to have eked delays 
 So many, darts so many to uproot, 1 272 
 And, being in unequal fight engaged, 
 Is harassed : stirring many [a thought] in 
 
 mind, 
 Now bursts he forth at last, and [right] be- 
 tween 
 The war-steed's hollow brows he hurls a 
 
 spear. 
 The quadruped rears upright, and the air 
 Smites with its heels, and, following itself 
 Upon the top of th' horseman, pitched 
 abroad, 1279 
 
 Encumbers him, and, falling on its face, 
 On him, unseated, with its shoulder lies, 
 Trojans alike and Latins with a yell 
 
 1267. " Alexander. Was I a woman, when, like 
 
 Mercury, 
 I left the walls to fly amongst my foes. 
 And, like a baited lion, dyed myself 
 All over with the blood of those bold hunters ; 
 Till, spent with toil, I battled on my knees. 
 Plucked forth the darts, that made my shield a 
 
 forest, 
 And hurled them back with most unconquered 
 
 fury !" Lee, The Rival Qiteens, iv. 2. 
 
 Set heav'n afire, ^neas to him flies, 
 And from its scabbard draws his falchion 
 
 forth, 
 And o'er him these: "Where now Me- 
 
 zentius fierce, 
 And that wild force of soul ?" On th' other 
 
 hand. 
 The Tuscan, when, upgazing to the air. 
 He drank in heaven, and recovered thought : 
 " O bitter foeman, why dost thou upbraid 
 And threaten death ? In shedding of my 
 
 blood — 1290 
 
 No crime ; nor have I on these terms 
 To battle come ; nor hath my Lausus struck 
 These covenants on my behalf with thee. 
 This one thing by [the grace], — if any grace 
 There is for conquered enemies, — I crave : 
 That thou would'st let my corse be hearsed 
 
 in earth. 
 I know my [subjects'] bitter hate besets : 
 This rage, I pray, ward off", and grant that I 
 May be my son's co-partner in the grave." 
 These speaks he, and, not unaware, receives 
 Within his throat the falchion, and his life 
 Spurts forth upon his arms with waving 
 
 gore. 1302 
 
 1296. " 0, father abbot ! 
 
 An old man, broken with the storms of state. 
 Is come to lay his weary bones among ye ; 
 Give him a little earth for charity." 
 
 Shakespeare, A'. Henry VIII., iv. 2. 
 
 1302. There were some redeeming points in the 
 character of Mezentius ; so that, if he had not been 
 so irreligious and cruel, he might have deserved the 
 wish of Queen Katherine for VVolsey : 
 " So may he rest : his faults lie gently on him !" 
 
 BOOK XL 
 
 Meanwhile Aurora rising ocean left. 
 yEneas, though alike solicitudes 
 Hurry him forward to devote the time 
 To burying his comrades, and his mind 
 Is troubled at their death, the ofiPrings due 
 To deities, as conqueror, he paid 
 At th 'infant Dawn. A giant oak, its boughs 
 On all sides lopped away, upon a knoll 
 He reared, and tricks it out in gleaming 
 
 arms. 
 Spoils from the general Mezentius stript, 
 To thee a trophy, puissant lord of war, 1 1 
 
 Line 11. Glover well describes the erection of a 
 trophy : 
 
 " Green Psittalia there 
 Full opposite exhibits, high and large, 
 A new erected trophy. 'I'wenty masU 
 
 Thereto does he adjust the hero's plumes. 
 With blood distilling, and his shattered 
 darts. 
 
 Appear, the tallest of Phoenician pines, 
 In circular position. Round their base 
 Are massive anchors, rudders, yards, and oars. 
 Irregularly pil'd, with beaks of brass. 
 And naval sculpture from barbarian sterns. 
 Stupendous by confusion. Crested helms 
 Above, bright mail, habergeons scal'd in gold 
 And figur'd shields along the spiry wood. 
 Up to th' aerial heads in order wind. 
 Tremendous emblems of gigantic Mars. 
 Spears, bristling through the intervals, uprear 
 Their points obliquely : gilded staves project 
 Embroider'd colours ; darts and arrows hang 
 In glitt'ring clusters. On the topmost height 
 Th' imperial standard broad, from Asia won, 
 Blaz'd in the sun, and floated in the wind." 
 
 Athenaid, b. xvii. 
 
V. 9 — 29. 
 
 BOOK XL 
 
 ▼. 29—47. 
 
 387 
 
 His cuirass also, point of aim, and pierced 
 In twice six places, and his targe of bronze 
 He fastens to the left side underneath, 
 And hangs hi^ sword of iv'ry from the 
 
 neck. -^ 
 His comrades then, — for all the crowded 
 
 staff 
 Of chieftains closed him in, — beginning thus. 
 He heartens in their triumph : " An event 
 Of deepest moment is, O warriors, brought 
 
 to pass ; 21 
 
 All fear avaunt in what remains ! these be 
 The spoils and first-fruits of a haughty 
 
 prince ; 
 And in my hands here stands Mezentius. 
 
 Now 
 There is a passage for us to the king 
 •And walls of Latium. Get ye ready arms ; 
 With courage and with hope forestall the 
 
 war ; 
 Lest any obstacle, while unaware, 
 When first the heav'nly powers shall allow 
 To pluck the standards up, and march the 
 
 youth 30 
 
 From out th' encampment, may embarrass 
 
 you; 
 Or purpose stay you, listless through alarm. 
 Meanwhile let us to earth commit our mates. 
 And their unburied corses, which alone 
 The honor is 'neath lowest Acheron. 
 Go ye," saith he ; " the passing noble souls, 
 Who have by their own blood this country 
 
 won 
 For us, do ye with latest duties grace ; 
 And to Evander's mourning city first 
 Let Pallas be conveyed, whom lacking not 
 Of prowess, hath a day of darkness reft, 41 
 And in untimely dissolution plunged," 
 Thus speaks he weeping, and withdraws 
 
 his step 
 
 40. " Let us go find the body where it lies, 
 Soak'd in his enemies' blood ; and from the stream 
 With lavers pure, and cleansing herbs, wash off 
 The dotted gore. I, with what speed the while, 
 (Gaza is not in plight to say us nay,) 
 
 Will send for all my kindred, all my friends. 
 To fetch him hence, and solemnly attend 
 With silent obsequy, and funeral train. 
 Home to his father's house." 
 
 Milton, Satttscm, end. 
 
 41. " O grief I and could one day 
 
 Have force such excellence to take away? 
 Could a swift flying moment, ah ! deface 
 Those matchless gifts, that grace. 
 Which art and nature had in thee combin'd 
 To make thy body paragon thy mind 1 
 Hath all pass'd like a cloud, 
 And doth eternal silence now them shroud? 
 Is that, so much admir'd, now naught but dust. 
 Of which a stone hath trust? 
 O change ! O cruel change ! thou to our sight 
 Show'st the Fates' rigour equal to their might ?*' 
 • Drummond, Sonnets, &*c., ii. 13, 4. 
 
 To [his own] thresholds, where, !aid out, the 
 
 corse 
 Of lifeless Pallas old Acoetes watched ; 
 Who to Evander of Parrhasia erst 
 Was armor-bearer ; but with auspices, 
 Not equally propitious, then assigned 48 
 The guardian to a darling son, he marched. 
 Around e'en all the band of servants [stood], 
 And throng of Trojans, and the llian dames, 
 With mourning locks, in customary form 
 Let loose. But when /Eneas passed inside 
 The stately gates, a mighty groan do they 
 With smitten bosoms to the stars upraise. 
 And with a wail of woe the palace rang. 
 Himself, when snow-like Pallas' cushioned 
 
 head 
 And face he saw, and in his glossy breast 
 The yawning wound of the Ausonian lance, 
 On this wise speaks with springing tears : 
 
 "Hath thee," 60 
 
 He cries, *' O pitiable youth, what time 
 She came propitious. Fortune grudged to 
 
 me ; 
 That thou our kingdoms mightest not 
 
 behold, 
 Nor conq'ror to thy father's seat be borne ? 
 'Twas not these pledges of thee to thy sire, 
 Evander, at departing I had given, 
 When, me embracing as I went away. 
 He sent me to acquire a mighty rule, 
 
 51. " Infinite ben the sorwes and the teres 
 Of olde folk, and folk of tendre yeres. 
 In all the toun for deth of this Theban : 
 For him ther wepeth bothe childe and man. 
 So gret a weping was ther now certain. 
 Whan Hector was ybrought, all fresh yslain 
 To Troy, alas ! the pitee that was there, 
 Cratching of chekcs, rending eke of here." 
 
 Chav.cer, 77u' Knightes Tale. 
 
 60. " And she believes 
 
 That you are dead ; and as she now scom'd life. 
 Death lends her cheeks his paleness, and her eyes 
 Tell down their drops of silver to the earth. 
 Wishing her tears might rain upon your grave, 
 To make the gentle earth produce some flower 
 Should bear your names and memories." 
 
 Shirley, Tke Grateful Servant, iii. 3. 
 
 62. " But what we couet most 
 
 or chiefest holde in price, 
 With greedie gripe of darting death 
 is reaved with a trice. 
 
 " The cruell Sisters three 
 were all in one agreede. 
 To let the spindle runne no more 
 but shrid the fatail threede. 
 
 " And Fortune, (to e.\presse 
 
 ^Vhat swing and sway she bare.) 
 Allowde them Icaue to vsc their force 
 vpon this Jewell rai:e. . 
 
 " Thus hath the Welkin wunne, 
 and wc a losse sustainde : 
 Thus hath hir corse a Vaute found out, 
 hir sprite the Heauens gainde." 
 Turberville, On the Death of Elisabeth ArkmuUe. 
 
V. 47 — 66. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 66 — 90. 
 
 And, fearing, warned me that the men were 
 
 fierce ; 
 That with a hardy nation were the frays. 
 And now he, sooth, deep-duped by idle 
 hope, 71 
 
 Is peradventure e'en discharging vows. 
 And piling up high altars with his gifts ; 
 We [this] unbreathing youth, and one that 
 
 now 
 Owes naught to any of the heav'nly powers. 
 Attend in sorrow with a fruitless pomp. 
 Ill-starred ! Thy son's heart-rending funeral 
 Shalt thou behold ! Can these be our 
 
 returns, 
 And looked-for triumphs ? This my lofty 
 
 trust ? 
 But thou, Evander, shalt not look on him, 
 [As one] discomfited by shameful wounds ; 
 Nor thou a father for a son unhurt 82 
 
 A death accursed shalt desire. Ah me ! 
 How great a bulwark, O Ausonia [thou]. 
 How great dost thou, too, O lulus, lose !" 
 When these in tears he ended, he com- 
 mands 
 The piteous corse to be upraised, and sends 
 A thousand men from all the army culled, 
 The closing ceremony to attend. 
 And in his father's tears to bear a part : 90 
 A scanty comfort for a mighty grief, 
 But to a wretched father due. Not slow 
 Weave hurdles others, and a pliant bier. 
 Of arbute switches and of oaken twig, 
 And with a canopy of leaf o'ershade 
 
 84. " So have I seen some tender slip 
 
 Saved with care from winter's nip. 
 
 The pride of her carnation train, 
 
 Plucked up by some unheedy swain, 
 
 Who only thought to crop the flower 
 
 New shot up from vernal shower : 
 
 But the fair blossom hangs the head 
 
 Sideways, as on a dying bed. 
 
 And those pearls of dew, she wears, 
 
 Prove to be presaging tears. 
 
 Which the sad morn had let fall. 
 
 On her hastening funeral." Milton, Odes. 
 
 " Young Damon of the vale is dead, 
 Ye lowland hamlets, moan ; 
 A dewy turf lies o'er his head. 
 And at his feet a stone. 
 
 " His shroud, which Death's cold damps destroy. 
 Of snow-white threads was made : 
 All mourn'd to see so sweet a boy 
 In earth for ever laid. 
 
 " Pale pansies o'er his corpse were plac'd, 
 Which, pluck'd before their time, 
 Bestrew'd the boy, like him to waste, 
 And wither in their prime. 
 
 " But will he ne'er return, whose tongue 
 Could tune the rural lay ? 
 Ah, no ! his bell of peace is rung. 
 His lips are cold as clay." 
 
 Collins, Song-, end of Poems. 
 
 The high-raised couch. On rustic litter here 
 The youth they lay aloft : just like a flower, 
 Dissevered by the finger of a maid, 
 Either of violet soft, or drooping martagon, 
 Whose brilliance not as yet hath passedaway, 
 Nor yet its beauteousness : no more does 
 
 earth, loi 
 
 Its mother, foster it and strength purvey. 
 Then vestures twain, stiff both with gold 
 
 and dye 
 Of purple, forth ^neas brought, the which 
 
 for him. 
 Blithe at her travails, had with her own 
 
 hands, 
 Herself Sidonian Dido whilom made. 
 And with thin gold diversified the web. 
 In one of these the youth in sorrow he 
 Arrays, the closing honor ; and his hair, 
 About to burn, he muffles in a veil ; 1 10 
 And many a prize of the Laurentine war 
 Moreo'er he piles, and orders that the spoil 
 In lengthful train be led. He adds the steeds 
 And arms, which he had from the foeman 
 
 stript. 
 And he had bound behind their backs 
 
 theh' hands. 
 Whom he might send as ofPrings to his 
 
 shades. 
 With butchered blood about to dew the 
 
 flame ; 
 He orders, too, the chiefs themselves to 
 
 bring 
 Tree-boles, in armor of their foes arrayed. 
 And that their hostile names should- be 
 
 engraved. 1 20 
 
 Ill-starred Acoetes, spent with age, is led. 
 His breasts now marring with closed hands, 
 
 his face 
 Now with his nails ; and he is prostrate laid, 
 Full length flung forward on the earth. 
 
 And they 
 Lead on the chariots, with Rutulian blood 
 Bespattered. Next, its trappings laid aside. 
 His war-steed ^thon weeping goes, and 
 
 wets 
 
 98. Spenser introduces a less merciful despoiler 
 
 of floral beauties : 
 
 " Great enimy to it, and t' all the rest 
 That in the Garden of Adonis springs. 
 Is wicked Time ; who with his scyth addrest 
 Does mow the flowring herbes and goodly things, 
 And all their glory to the grownd downe flings, 
 Where they do wither and are fowly mard :. 
 Ne flyes about, and with his flaggy wings 
 Beates downe both leaves and buds without 
 regard, 
 
 Ne ever pitty may relent his malice hard." 
 
 Faerie Queene, iii. 6, 39. 
 127, 8. It is well known that some animals shed 
 
 tears in distress ; but who ever heard of a weeping 
 
V. 90— 97* 
 
 BOOK XL 
 
 T. 98—118. 
 
 389 
 
 "With bulky drops its cheeks. His spear 
 
 and hehn 
 Bear others ; for tjic conq'ring Tumus holds 
 
 the rest. 
 A mournful squadron then, both Teucrians, 
 And Tyrrhenes, and Arcadians, follow, all 
 With arms inverted. After all the train 
 Of the attendants far ahead had marched, 
 i^neas halted, and these [words] subjoined 
 With groaning deep : ** To tears for others, 
 
 hence 135 
 
 The same dread fates of battle call us off. 
 Most noble Pallas ! fare thee well, to me 
 
 horse ? The British poets continually allude to the 
 
 dying sorrows of the stag : 
 
 " His once so vivid nerves. 
 So full of buoyant spirit, now no more 
 Inspire the course ; but fainting breathless toil, 
 Sick, seizes on his heart : he stands at bay ; 
 And puts his last weak refuge in despair. 
 The big round tears run down his dappled face ; 
 He groans in anguish : while the growling pack. 
 Blood-happy, hang at his fair jutting chest. 
 And mark his beauteous checker'd sides with 
 gore." Thomson, Autumn. 
 
 " Rouse ye the lofty stag, and with my bell-horn 
 Ring him a knell, that all the woods shall mourn 
 
 him. 
 Till, in his funeral tears, he fall before me." 
 
 J. Fletcher, Beggar's Bush, iii. 4. 
 
 13s. " Oh, my heart 
 
 Is witness how I lov'd him ! Would he had not 
 Led me unto his grave, but sacrific'd 
 His sorrows upon mine ! He was my friend. 
 My noble friend ; I will bewail his ashes : 
 His fortunes and poor mine were born together. 
 And I will weep 'em both : I will kneel by him, 
 And on his hallow'd earth do my last duties ; 
 I'll gather all the pride of spring to deck him ; 
 Woodbines shall grow upon his honour'd grave. 
 And, as they prosper, clasp to show our friendship. 
 And, when they wither, I'll die too." 
 
 J. Fletcher, Tlie Lovers' Progress, iv. 3. 
 
 137. Tickell, in his beautiful poem On the Death 
 
 of Addison, says : 
 
 " Can I forget the dismal night that gave 
 My soul's best part for ever to the grave ? 
 How silent did his old companions tread. 
 By midnight lamps, the mansions of the dead, 
 Through breathing statues, then unheeded things. 
 Through rows of warriors, and through walks of 
 
 kings ! 
 What awe did the slow solemn knell inspire. 
 The pealing organ, and the pausing choir ; 
 The duties by the lawn-rob'd prelate paid ; 
 And the last words that'dust to dust convey'd ! 
 While speechless o'er thy closing grave we bend. 
 Accept these tears, thou dear departed friend. 
 
 , gone for ever ! take this long adieu ; 
 ijid sleep in peace next thy lov'd Montague. 
 
 " Farewell the hopes of B/itain ! 
 Thou royal graft, farewell for ever! Time and 
 
 Death, 
 Ye have done your worst. Fortune, now see, now 
 
 proudly 
 Pluck off thy veil, and view thy triumph ! Look, 
 Look what thou hast brought this land to ! 0, 
 
 fair flower. 
 
 For ever, and for ever fare thee well !" 
 Nor further speaking, to the lofty walls 
 He marched, and moved his footstep to 
 
 the camp. 140 
 
 And now came envoys from the Latin 
 
 town. 
 With boughs of olive decked, and craving 
 
 grace : — 
 That he the bodies, which along the plains 
 Lay scattered by the falchion, would restore, 
 And let them pass beneath a mound of earth : 
 That strife there could be none with con- 
 quered men, 
 And those devoid of breath : thafche would 
 
 spare 
 Who once were titled hosts and sires of 
 
 brides. 
 Whom, suing in no despicable prayers, 
 The good .^neas with the grace presents. 
 And these in words moreover he subjoins : 
 "Pray what unworthy chance hath you 
 
 involved, 152 
 
 ye Latini, in so sharp a war, 
 
 Who us decline as friends ? Crave ye of me 
 Peace for the dead, and slain by chance of 
 Mars ? 
 
 1 sooth would grant it to the living too ; 
 Nor had I come, save fates a place and 
 
 home 
 Had deigned. Nor is it with your race 
 
 that I 
 Am waging war : th.e king hath hospitage 
 With us forsook, and rather placed his trust 
 On arms of Tumus. Fairer had it been 
 For Tumus to expose him to this death. 
 If with his hand to terminate the war, 163 
 If to eject the Teucri, he prepares, 
 It had been meet that in these arms with me 
 He should engage : he would have lived, 
 
 to whom 
 The god or his right hand had granted life. 
 
 How lovely yet thy ruins show, how sweetly 
 Even Death embraces thee ! The peace of Heaven, 
 The fellowship of all great souls, be with thee !" 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Bonduca, v. 5. 
 
 145. " No, great king : 
 
 I come to thee for charitable license. 
 That we may wander o'er this bloody field, 
 To look our dead, and then to bury them ; 
 To sort our nobles from our common men ; 
 For many of our princes, — woe the while ! 
 Lie drown'd and soak'd in mercenary blood : 
 So do our vulgar drench their peasant linibs 
 In blood of princes, and their wounded steeds 
 Fret fetlock deep in gore, and with wild rage 
 Yerk out their armed heels at their dead masters 
 Killing them twice. O ! give us leave, great king 
 To view the field in safety, and dispose 
 Of their dead bodies." 
 
 Shakespeare, K. Henry V., iv. 7. 
 
 157. The perfect here, v. xia, would be intoler- 
 able. 
 
 U 
 
290 
 
 V. 119— 134- 
 
 THE yENEID. 
 
 V. 135— 151. 
 
 Now go, and fire do ye apply beneath 
 Your hapless countrymen." ^neas said. 
 In wonder were they stricken dumb, and 
 
 kept 170 
 
 Their eyes and faces on each other turned. 
 Then Drances aged, and aye with hate and 
 
 charge 
 To youthful Turnus hostile, thus in turn 
 [These] op'ning accents utters with his lips : 
 " O great by rumor, greater by thine arms, 
 Thou Trojan hero, by what lauds should I 
 Thee level bring with heaven ? Or at thee 
 Should marvel rather for thy righteousness, 
 Or toils fif war? We sooth will these 
 
 [replies] 
 T' our native city thankfully take home. 
 And thee, if any fortune shall vouchsafe 
 The path, to king Latinus will unite : 182 
 Let Turnus look for treaties for himself ! 
 Yea too, thy walls' predestinated piles 
 To raise, and on our shoulders to upbear 
 The stones of Troja, will be our delight." 
 These spake he, and they all with single 
 
 voice 
 Shouted assent. [An armistice] they framed 
 For twice six days, and in the mediate 
 
 truce, 
 Thro'out the forests on the mountain brows. 
 The Teucri and the Latins, mingled, ranged 
 
 172. "Man, hard of heart to man! Of horrid 
 things 
 Most horrid ! 'Mid stupendous, highly strange ! 
 Yet oft his courtesies are smoother wrongs ; 
 Pride brandishes the favour he confers. 
 And contumelious his humanity : 
 What then his vengeance ? Hear it not, ye stars ! 
 And thou, pale moon ! turn paler at the sound : 
 Man is to man the sorest, surest ill. 
 A previous blast foretells the rising storm ; 
 O'erwhelming turrets threaten ere they fall ; 
 Volcanoes bellow ere they disembogue ; 
 Earth trembles ere her yawning jaws devour ; 
 And smoke betrays the wide-consuming fire : 
 Ruin from man is most conceal'd when near. 
 And sends the dreadful tidings in the blow." 
 Young, T/ie Complaint, N. iii. 
 
 " Or wouldst thou change the scene, and quit the 
 
 den. 
 Behold the Heav'n-deserted fen. 
 Where spleen, by vapours dense begot and bred, 
 Hardness of heart and heaviness of head. 
 Have raised their darksome walls, and placed 
 
 their thorny bed ; 
 There may'st thou all thy bitterness unload. 
 There may'st thou croak in concert with the toad. 
 With thee the hollow howling winds shall join, 
 
 Nor shall the bittern her base throat deny. 
 The querulous frogs shall mix their dirge with 
 
 thine, 
 Th' ear-piercing hem, the plovers screaming 
 
 high, 
 Millions of humming gnats fit cestrum shall 
 
 supply." Smart, Ode vi. On Ill-Nature. 
 
 j58. " Assent." To translate eadem, v. 132, 
 literally, would involve a great awkwardness. 
 
 Without disturbance. Rings with two- 
 edged steel 192 
 The stately ash ; they overthrow the pines, 
 Projected to the stars ; nor hearts of oak, 
 xAnd cedar sweet, with wedges do they cease 
 To split, and carry elms on groaning drays. 
 And Rumor flying now, of woe so great 
 The harbinger, Evander and the courts 
 And city of Evander fills, who late 
 To Latium Pallas conqueror announced. 
 Th' Arcadians hurry to the gates, and seized, 
 After the olden fashion, fun'ral brands. 
 The pathway gleams with lengthful train 
 of fires, 203 
 And far and near distinctly marks the fields. 
 In the reverse direction coming on, 
 A band of Phrygians joins the wailing hosts. 
 Whom when the dames once saw approach 
 
 their homes. 
 They fire the sorrowed city with their 
 
 shrieks. 
 Yet power none is able to restrain 
 Evander; but he rushes on the midst. 210 
 The bier deposited, he forward fell 
 O'er Pallas, and he clings, both shedding 
 
 tears. 
 And groaning, and a passage for his voice 
 At last was scarcely loosened through his 
 grief: 
 
 197, &c. Far finer is Dryden. Speaking of 
 Charles II. 's death : 
 
 " Soon as the ill-omen'd rumour reach'd his ear, 
 (III news is wing'd with fate, and flies apace ;) 
 Who can describe the amazement of his face ? 
 Horror in all his pomp was there. 
 Mute and magnificent without a tear." 
 
 Threnodia A ugustalis. 
 
 211. Henry VI, shrank from contact with his 
 uncle Humphrey's corpse ; 
 
 " Fain would I go to chafe his paly lips 
 With twenty thousand kisses, and to rain 
 Upon his face an ocean of salt-tears. 
 To tell my love unto his dumb deaf trunk, 
 And with my fingers feel his hand unfeeling ; 
 But all in vain are these mean obsequies. 
 And to survey his dead and earthy image. 
 What were it but to make my sorrow greater?" 
 Shakespeare, 2 A'. Henry VI., iii. 2. 
 
 212. " These arms of mine shall be thy winding- 
 sheet ; 
 My heart, sweet boy, shall be thy sepulchre. 
 For from my heart thy image ne'er shall go ; 
 My sighing breast shall be thy funeral bell." 
 Shakespeare, 3 K. Henry VI., ii. 5. 
 
 " But chiefly 
 Him that you term'd the good old lord Gonzalo : 
 The tears run down his beard, like winter's drops 
 TT.. — »..,^V ^r..^„,i.. » Tempest, v. i. 
 
 From eaves of reeds. 
 
 214. " Who, when he saw his sonne so ill bedight 
 With bleeding wounds, brought home upon a 
 
 beare 
 By a faire lady and a straunger knight. 
 Was inly touched with compassion deare. 
 
V. 152 — 167. 
 
 BOOK XL 
 
 V. 167—181. 
 
 J91 
 
 *'Not these engagements, O my Pallas, 
 thou 
 
 Hadst given to thy parent. Would to 
 heaven 
 
 That thou more circumspectly hadst de- 
 sired 
 
 To trust thyself to unrelenting Mars ! 
 
 Not unaware was I, how great a power 
 
 Had new renown in arms, and, passing 
 sweet, 220 
 
 The glory in a maiden combat. Sad 
 
 Youth's budding feats, and sore th' essays 
 
 Of war at hand, and vows and prayers of 
 mine, 
 
 Regarded by not one of gods ! And thou, 
 
 holiest consort, blessed in thy death. 
 Nor to this anguish kept ! On th' other 
 
 hand, 
 By living I have overpassed my fates, — 
 That a surviving father I abide. 
 [Him,] who has followed Trojans' fed'rate 
 
 arms. 
 Would heav'n the Rutuli with darts had 
 
 whelmed ! 230 
 
 1 freely would have given up my life, 
 And back this pageant should have brought 
 
 home me^ 
 Not Pallas. Trojans, I could blame nor 
 
 you. 
 Nor leagues, nor right hands, which in 
 
 hospitage 
 We've linked ; that lot to our old age was 
 
 due. 
 But if a timeless death my son awaited, . 
 
 And deare affection of so dolefull dreare, 
 And he these words burst forth : ' Ah ! sory boy ! 
 Is this the hope that to my hoary heare 
 Thou brings Y aie me ! is this the timely ioy 
 Which I expected long, now turnd to sad annoy?'" 
 Spenser, F. Q., vi. 3, 4. 
 217. As if he had thought : 
 " You may as well spread out the unstinn'd heaps 
 Of miser's treasure by an outlaw's den. 
 And tell me it is safe, as bid me hope 
 Danger will wink on Opportunity." 
 
 Milton, ContJis. 
 219. Morton's address to the Earl of Northum- 
 berland on Percy's death would have been equally 
 applicable to Evander : 
 
 " It was your pre-surmise, 
 That, * I the dole of blows your son might drop ; 
 You k .ew he walk'd o'er perils, on an edge. 
 More likely to fall in than to get o'er ; 
 You were advis'd his flesh was capable 
 Of wounds and scars, and that his forward spirit 
 Would lift him where most trade of danger rang'd : 
 Yet did you say : Go forth ; and none of this. 
 Though strongly apprehended, could restrain 
 The stiff-borne action. What hath then befallen, 
 Or what hath this bold enterprise brought forth. 
 More than that being which was like to be T" 
 Shakespeare, 2 A'. Henry IV., i, i. 
 a36. " Untimely issue for a timeless grave." 
 
 Drayton, Moses. 
 
 With thousands of the Volsci slaughtered 
 
 first, 
 'Twould be a happiness that he had fallen. 
 The Teucri leading into Latium. Yet 
 I could not thee, Pallas, worthy deem 
 Of other fun'ral than the good i^neas 
 
 [deems], 241 
 
 And [deem] the mighty Phrygians, aye 
 
 and [deem] 
 The Tyrrhene chieftains, all the Tyrrhenes' 
 
 host. 
 They bear grand trophies, which thy right 
 
 hand gave 
 To death. Thou also wouldst be standing 
 
 now 
 A giant trunk in arms, had equal been 
 My age, and from my years my strength the 
 
 same, 
 
 Tumus. But ill-fortuned, why should I 
 The Teucri stay from arms ? Go ye, and 
 
 these 
 My orders mindful to your king take back : 
 * That I a hated life am ling'ring out, — 
 My Pallas slain, — thy right hand is the 
 
 cause ; 252 
 
 Which thou dost sec it Tumus owes alike 
 To son and sire. This place alone is void 
 For thy deserts and ibrtune. Joys for life 
 
 1 do not seek, nor is it lawful ; but [this news] 
 To bring my son beneath the lowest shades.' " 
 
 " Him while fresh and fragrant Time 
 Cherish'd in his golden prime ; 
 Ere Hebe's hand had overlaid 
 His smooth cheeks with a downy shade ; 
 The rush of Death's unruly wave 
 Swept him off into his grave." 
 
 Crashaw, Epitaph on Herrys. 
 
 241. It is impossible to translate the thrice- 
 repeated guam, v. 170, without a sveakness. 
 
 251. " To mourn thy fall, I'll fly the hated light. 
 And hide my head in shades of endless night : 
 For thou wert light, and life, and health, to me : 
 The sun but thankless shines, that shows not thee. 
 Wert thou not lovely, graceful, good, and young :' 
 The joy of sight, the talk of every tongue ? 
 Did ever branch so sweet a blossom bear? 
 Or ever early fruit appear so fair ? 
 Did ever youth so far his years transcend ? 
 Did ever life so prematurely end? .... 
 There let me fall, there, there lamenting lie. 
 There grieving grow to earth, despair, and die." 
 Congreve, Tears 0/ Amaryllis. 
 
 " Now my soul's palace is become a prison : 
 Ah ! would she break from hence, that this ray 
 
 body 
 Might in the ground be dosed up in rest : 
 For never henceforth shall I joy again." 
 
 Shakespeare, 3 A', //enry VI., ii. t. 
 
 256. " For which I mourn, and will for ever mourn ; 
 Nor will I change these black and dumal robe^k. 
 Or ever dry these swollen and watery eyes. 
 Or ever taste content, or peace of heart. 
 While I have life, and thought of my Alphonso."* 
 Congreve, Mounting fifide, i. i . 
 
 u a 
 
292 
 
 V. i82 — 188. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 188—203. 
 
 Meanwhile Aurore had bounteous light 
 
 brought forth 
 To wretched mortals, bringing back their 
 
 tasks 
 And toils. Now sire ^neas, Tarchon now, 
 Upon the winding strand constructed pyres. 
 They hither each the bodies of their 
 
 [friends], 262 
 
 In fashion of their ancestors, conveyed ; 
 And, — sooty fires beneath them laid, — 
 
 high heaven 
 Is shrouded into darkness with the murk. 
 Three times around the kindled fun'ral 
 
 piles, 
 
 The whole passage from v. 177-181, owing to its 
 brevity, is somewhat obscure, but a little examina- 
 tion will make the meaning tolerably plain. This 
 would seem to be its significance : 
 
 Go, and carefully report these my charges to 
 your Prince. Tell him that life has become hateful 
 to me, now that Pallas is no more ; and that there 
 is but one reason why I do not lay violent hands 
 upon myself, and put an end to it at once. The 
 sole cause of my delaying the suicidal act lies in 
 himself alone ; for to him alone can I look for that 
 vengeance upon my enemy, which I must see ex- 
 acted before I die. I live, because Turnus lives ; 
 and I must continue to live, until the right hand of 
 TEneas shall accomplish the destruction of the man 
 who has destroyed my child. That that right hand 
 owes this debt both to my son and to me, must be 
 evident, even to himself. Great as are his merits 
 and his fortune ; many as are the obligations under 
 which he has already laid me ; yet there is one act, 
 — though but one, — which still remains for him to 
 perform, in order to crown his own career, and to 
 complete his services to me. — Turnus must fall. I 
 desire no enjoyments for myself as a living man ; 
 nor, were I so inclined, would it be decorous in me, 
 after the irreparable loss that I have sustained. It 
 is of Pallas that I am thinking, and not of myself ; 
 of his happiness below, and not of my own above. 
 In this life I seek for nothing now, but the power of 
 carrying down to my son, in the infernal realms, 
 the happy intelligence, that the man who slew him, 
 has himself been slain. 
 
 258. " Hail to thy living light, 
 Ambrosial morn ! all hail thy roseat ray ! 
 That bids young Nature all her charms display. 
 
 In varied beauty bright ; 
 That bids each dewy-spangled flowret rise. 
 And dart around its vermeil dyes ; 
 Bids silver lustre grace yon sparkling tide. 
 That winding warbles down the mountain's side. 
 
 Away ! ye goblins all. 
 Wont the bewilder'd traveller to daunt, 
 Whose vagrant feet have traced your secret haunt 
 
 Beside some lonely wall. 
 Or shatter'd ruin of some moss-grown tow'r. 
 Where, at pale mid ight's stillest hour. 
 Through each rough chink the solemn orb of night 
 Pours momentary gleams of trembling light. 
 
 Away ! ye elves, away ! 
 
 Shrink at ambrosial morning's living ray ; 
 That living ray, whose pow'r benign 
 
 Unfolds the scene of glory to our eye. 
 
 Where, thron'd in artless majesty. 
 The cherub Beauty sits on Nature's rustic shrine." 
 Mason, Elfrida, ist Ode. 
 
 Arrayed in gleaming arms, they marched; 
 
 three times 
 The fun'ral's doleful fire they compassed 
 
 round 
 On steeds, and shriekings uttered from their 
 
 lips. 
 E'en earth is sprent with tears, and sprent 
 
 are arms ; 270 
 
 Scales heav'n both cry of men and din of 
 
 trumps. 
 Then some — the spoils, from slaughtered 
 
 Latins reft, 
 Fling on the fire, their helmets, and their 
 
 swords 
 Of beauty, bridles too, and glowing 
 
 wheels ; — 
 Some — well known off 'rings, bucklers of 
 
 their own, 
 And not successful darts. Of oxen round 
 Are many bodies sacrificed to Death, 
 And bristly boars, and, seized from all the 
 
 fields. 
 Sheep for the flame they butcher. Then 
 
 throughout 
 The strand they gaze upon their burning 
 , mates, 280 
 
 And pyres half-burnt are watching ; nor 
 
 can they 
 Be torn away, until the moistful night 
 Inverts the heav'n, enchased with blazing 
 
 stars. 
 No less the miserable Latins too. 
 
 267. The tutor will of course point out the tech- 
 nical use oidecurro, v. 189. 
 
 282, 3. " Now came still Evening on, and Twilight 
 gray 
 Had in her sober livery all things clad. 
 Silence accompanied : for beast and bird. 
 They to their grassy couch, these to their nests, 
 Were slunk, all but the wakeful nightingale : 
 She all night long her amorous descant sung. 
 Silence was pleas'd. Now glow'd the firmament 
 With living sapphires : Hesperus, that led 
 The starry host, rode brightest, till the Moon, 
 Rising in clouded majesty, at length 
 Apparent queen unveil'd her peerless light. 
 And o'er the dark her silver mantle threw." 
 
 Milton, P. L., b. iv. 
 
 " How, like a widow in her weeds, the Night, 
 Amid her glimmering tapers, silent sits ! 
 How sorrowful, how desolate, she weeps 
 Perpetual dews, and saddens Nature's scene ! 
 
 .... O majestic Night! 
 Nature's great ancestor. Day's elder-born ! 
 And fated to survive the transient Sun ! 
 By mortals and immortals seen with awe ! 
 A starry crown thy raven brow adorns. 
 An azure zone thy waist ; clouds, in Heaven's loom 
 Wrought through varieties of shape and shade. 
 In ample folds of drapery divine. 
 Thy flowing mantle form ; and Heaven through- 
 out 
 Voluminously pour thy pompous train." 
 
 Young, The Coinplaint, N. 9, 
 
V. 203 — 225. 
 
 BOOK XL 
 
 V. 226 — 254. 
 
 293 
 
 Reared in a diff'rent quarter countless 
 
 pyres, 
 And many a corse of heroes in the earth 
 Partly inter, and partly raise them up. 
 And- cart them oflF upon the neighb'ring 
 
 fields. 
 And send them to their city home. The rest. 
 Of huddled slaughter e'en a mountain heap. 
 With neither count nor compliment, they 
 
 burn ; 291 
 
 In all directions then the spacious fields 
 Shine out in rivalry with freijuent fires. 
 Third light [of day] the icy shade from 
 
 heaven 
 Had chased aloof : a-mouming, th' ashes 
 
 deep 
 And jumbled bones they ransacked on the 
 
 hearths. 
 And laded with a milk-warm mound of 
 
 earth. 
 But now within the dwellings, in the town 
 Of passing rich Latinus, chief the din, 
 And greatest portion of the lengthful woe. 
 Here mothers, and their sons' unhappy 
 
 wives, 301 
 
 Here grieving sisters' loving breasts, and 
 
 boys. 
 Of parents orphaned, curse the awful war. 
 And Turnus' nuptials. They insist that he. 
 Himself, the quarrel should decide by arms. 
 Aye by the sword himself, who claims t' 
 
 himself 
 Italia's realm and dignities the first. 
 These [feelings] bitter Drances aggravates, 
 And witnesses that he alone is called, 
 Alone is Turnus challenged to the frays. 
 At the same time, upon the other hand. 
 Extensive suffrage with diverse debates 
 [Lies] on the side of Turnus, and the 
 
 queen's 313 
 
 High name o'ershades him ; much of fame 
 
 supports 
 The hero with his trophies, duly earned. 
 'Mid these excitements, 'mid the burning 
 
 coil, 
 
 290. " A thousana glorious actions, that might 
 claim 
 Triumphant laurels and immortal fame, 
 Confus'd in crowds of glorious actions lie, 
 And troops of heroes undistinguish'd die." 
 
 Addison, Tlie Campaign. 
 308. " The specious shield, which private malice 
 
 bears, 
 ^ Is ever blazon'd with some public good : 
 Behind that artful fence skulk low, conceal'd. 
 The bloody purpose and the poison'd shaft. 
 Ambition there and envy nestle close. 
 From whence they take their fatal aim unseen. 
 And honest merit is their destin'd mark." 
 
 Jones, The Earl 0/ Essex, i. i. 
 
 316. Or : "Amid these stirs, amid the burning broil." 
 
 Behold, moreo'er, in woe, th* ambassadors 
 From Diomed's great citv bring replies : 
 '• With all the cost of toil so great — naught 
 
 done ; 
 Naught gifts, nor gold, nor earnest prayers, 
 
 availed ; 320 
 
 Arms other by the Latins should be sought, 
 Or peace entreated from the Trojan prince." 
 In anguish deep sinks e'en the king himself 
 Latinus. That ./Eneas, [child] of fate. 
 Was carried on by potent will divine, — 
 Warns him the wrath of gods, and graves 
 
 [still] fresh 
 Before his eyes. Accordingly 
 A grave assembly, and the leading men 
 Of his own people, summoned to the throne. 
 Inside his lofty portals he convenes. 330 
 They flocked together, and from brimming 
 
 roads 
 Flow to the royal courts. Amidst them sits 
 E'en most advanced in age, and first in 
 
 sway, 
 Latinus, with no blithesome brow. And 
 
 here. 
 The envoys, from th' vEtolian towns sent 
 
 back, 
 He bids announce what [tidings] they 
 
 report. 
 And in their order all replies demands. 
 Thereon was silence with their tongues 
 
 observed. 
 And Venulus, his word obeying, thus 
 Begins to speak : " We have, O citizens, 
 Seen Diomedes and the Argive camp ; 341 
 And, meting out the journey, overpassed 
 All hazards, and have touched the hand, 
 
 whereby 
 Fell Ilium's region. He Argyripa, 
 His city, from his native city's name, 
 A conqueror, was founding in the fields 
 Of lapygian Garganus. When once 
 Entered within, and means of speaking 
 
 deigned. 
 Before him we our gifts present, and tell 
 Our name and country ; who have brought 
 
 the war 350 
 
 On us ; what cause hath us to Arpi drawn. 
 To these, when heard, he thus with gentle lip 
 These [words] returned : * O nations, happy 
 
 starred, 
 Saturnian realms, ^usonians dating high, 
 What fortune is it rouses you at rest, 
 And prompts you unknown battles to pro- 
 voke ? 
 
 356. " And who would run, that's moderately wise, 
 A certain danger for a doubtful prize ? . . . . 
 You draw, insensibly, destruction near, 
 And love the danger, which you ought to fear." 
 Pomfret, Love rriumpkant over Reason. 
 
2 94 V. 2 55—2 74- THE JLNEID. 
 
 Whoe'er of us have outraged with the sword 
 The fields of Ilium, — I those [woes of ours] 
 Pass by, which to the very dregs were 
 
 drained, 
 In battling underneath her stately walls ; 
 What heroes that their Simois confines ; — 
 We all, unutterable punishments 362 
 
 Throughout the globe, and pains of crimes, 
 
 have paid, 
 A band, that pity e'en at Priam's hands 
 Deserves ; [this] knows Minerva's plagueful 
 
 star. 
 And the Euboean rocks, Caphareus too. 
 Avenger. Since that warfare to a varied 
 
 coast 
 Forth driven, Menelaus, Atreus' son. 
 As far as Proteus' pillars homeless roams ; 
 Th' ^tnean Cyclops hath Ulysses seen. 
 Should I the realms of Neoptolemus 371 
 Relate, Idomeneus' Penates, too, 
 O'erthrown ? Or Locri, dwelling on the 
 
 shore 
 Of Libya ? E'en himself the Mycene chief 
 Of mighty Greeks, by right hand of his 
 
 spouse, 
 Accursed, within his foremost thresholds 
 
 died ; 
 Crushed Asia the adulterer forelaid. 
 [Why tell] that gods begrudged me, that, 
 
 restored 
 To altars of my country I should see 
 My longed-for spouse, and Calydonthe fair? 
 Now too, of frightful aspect, monster forms 
 Pursue me, and my comrades, lost, have 
 
 sought 
 The air with wings, and wander o'er the 
 
 floods 383 
 
 As birds, — ah ! awful vengeance on my 
 [friends] — 
 
 V. 274 — 297. 
 
 364. Even Shore pitied his erring wife : 
 
 And can she bear it ? Can that delicate frame 
 
 Endure the beating of a storm so rude ? 
 
 Can she, for whom the various seasons chang'd. 
 
 To court her appetite, and crown her board, 
 
 For whom the foreign vintages were press'd. 
 
 For whom the merchant spread his silken stores. 
 
 Can she — 
 
 Intreat for bread, and want the needful raiment 
 
 To wrap her shiv'ring bosom from the weather ? 
 
 When she was mine, no care came ever nigh her. 
 
 I thought the gentlest breeze that wakes the 
 
 sp/ing 
 Too rough to breathe upon her ; cheerfulness 
 Danc'd all the day before hfer ; and at night 
 Soft slumber waited on her downy pillow : — 
 Now sad and shelterless, perhaps, she lies. 
 Where piercing winds blow sharp, and the chill 
 
 rain 
 Drops from some pent-house on her wretched 
 
 head. 
 Drenches her locks, and kills her with the cold. 
 It is too much ; — hence with her past offences ; 
 They are aton'd at full." 
 
 Rowe, Jane Shore, act v. 
 
 And with their tearful voices fill the cliffs. 
 These [ills], indeed, thenceforward were by 
 
 me 
 Anticipated, when a madman I 
 Desired the heav'nly bodies for my sword, 
 And Venus' right hand with a wound pro- 
 faned. 
 Sooth do not, do not drive me to such frays. 
 Nor have I with the Trojans any war 391 
 Since Pergamus was ruined ; nor do I 
 Their ancient woes remember, nor [therein] 
 Rejoice. The presents, which ye bring to 
 
 me 
 From your paternal coasts, do ye transfer 
 T' iFneas. We have stood against his arms 
 Of fierceness, and have hand with hand 
 
 engaged : 
 Trust one who has tried, — ^how grand he 
 
 rises to his shield ! 
 With what a whirlwind does he fling his 
 
 lance ! 
 If two such heroes the Idaean land 4CX3 
 Had borne besides, unchallenged would 
 
 have come 
 The Dardan to the towns of Inachus, 
 And Greece would mourn her destinies re- 
 versed. 
 Whate'er delay was caused before the walls 
 Of iron Troy, the conquest by the Greeks 
 Halted through Hector's and Eneas' hand, 
 And till the tenth year backward traced its 
 
 steps : 
 Both marked for courage, both for peerless 
 
 arms ; 
 This in his piety superior. Let right hands 
 Unite for leagues, as far as 'tis vouch- 
 safed : 410 
 But have a care lest arms with arms may 
 
 clash.' 
 At once both what are th' answers of the 
 
 king, 
 O king most worthy, thou hast heard, and 
 
 what 
 Is his decision on the mighty war." 
 
 These scarce the envoys ; when a varied 
 buzz 
 Throughout the Ausons' troubled lips there 
 ran : 
 
 398. So Abdalla of Demetrius : 
 " Too well I know him, since on Thracia's plains 
 I felt the force of his tempestuous arm. 
 And saw my scattered squadrons fly before him." 
 Johnson, Irene, iv. 4. 
 
 400. " Two more such women 
 
 Would save their sex." 
 
 J. Fletcher, Thier^ry and Theodorei, iv. i. 
 
 414. Surely responsa and senientia, w. 294, 5, 
 refer to the same person, — Diomed. Virgil fre- 
 quently omits his prepositions ; and to make bello a 
 person seems very forced. 
 
V. 297—319. 
 
 BOOK XL 
 
 V. 320—337. 
 
 295 
 
 As when the rocks delay the sweepy 
 
 streams, 
 A din arises from the prisoned gulf, 
 And boom the neighb'ring banks with 
 
 brawling waves. 
 As soon as minds were calmed, and troub- 
 lous tongues 420 
 Were silent, having first addressed the gods, 
 The king commences from his lofty throne : 
 *• Erenow, in sooth, that of our highest 
 weal 
 We had determined, Latins, I could both 
 Desire, and it had been the better [course]. 
 At such an hour not council to convene. 
 What time the foe is leaguering our walls. 
 O citizens, unfitting warfare with a race 
 Of gods, and with unconquered heroes, we 
 Are waging, whom no battles weary out. 
 Nor can they, vanquished, from the sword 
 
 refrain. 43 1 
 
 If any hope in the ^Etolians' arms. 
 Invited to us, ye have had, lay [this] 
 Aside : a hope must each be to himself : 
 But this, how spare, ye see. In what a 
 
 wreck 
 The rest of your affairs lie overwhelmed. 
 Is all before your eyes and in your hands : 
 Nor do I any one upbraid. What could 
 The fullest valor be, has been ; the strife 
 With the whole kingdom's force has been 
 
 maintained. 440 
 
 Now then, what be the notion of my 
 
 wav'ring mind 
 Will I unfold, and — your attention give — 
 In [words] a few will teach. To me belongs 
 An ancient region, next the Tuscan tide, 
 Extended westward, far as and beyond 
 The bourns of the Sicanians ; the Aurunci 
 And the Rutulians sow, and work with 
 
 share 
 The churlish hills, and graze their wildest 
 
 [spots]. 
 
 434. " No thought of flight. 
 
 None of retreat, no unbecoming deed, 
 That argued fear ; • loh on himself relied, 
 As only on his arm che moment lay 
 Of victory." Milton, P. L., b. vi. 
 
 " We are circled round 
 With danger ; o'er our heads, with sail-stretch'd 
 
 wings. 
 Destruction hovers, and a cloud of mischief 
 Ready to break on us ; no hope left us 
 That may divert it, but our sleeping virtue, 
 Roused up by brave Timoleon. 
 
 Massinger, The Bondman, i. 3. 
 
 " I'll tell thee, my Tamira, 
 F.vcn at my falling fortune's deepest ebb. 
 While all my outward etate was most forlorn, 
 Within 1 was a king." 
 
 Macdonald, Fair Apostate, iii. end. 
 448. " My soul, turn from them, turn we to survey 
 Where rougher cUmcs a nobler race display. 
 
 Let all this district, and the piny tract 
 Of lofty mountain be surrendered up 450 
 To friendship with the Trojans ; and let lis 
 Impartial terms of covenant pronounce. 
 And woo them to our kingdom as allies. 
 Let them, if such a strong desire there be, 
 Take up a settlement, and cities build. 
 But if it is their mind, of other bourns to 
 
 take 
 Possession, and another nation['s land], 
 And from our ground they can depart : let 
 
 us 
 Build twice ten vessels of Italian oak, 
 Or more, if they can man them : by the 
 
 wave 460 
 
 Lies all material ; let themselves prescribe 
 Both number and the model for the barks ; 
 Give we the bronze, the hands, the naval 
 
 stores. 
 Moreo'er, to bear our message, and cement 
 The leagues, it is our pleasure there should 
 
 go 
 
 A hundred Latin envoys from our chiefest 
 tribe. 
 
 And in their hand outstretch the boughs of 
 peace ; 
 
 Our presents bearing, talents e'en of gold 
 
 And iv'ry, and the badges of our realm. 
 
 The chair and trabea. For the common- 
 weal 470 
 
 Deliberate, and aid our weakly state." 
 Then the same hostile Drances, whom 
 the fame 
 
 Of Turnus spurred with crooked jealousy. 
 
 Where the bleak Swiss their stormy mansions 
 
 tread. 
 And force a churlish soil for scanty bread. 
 No product here the barren hills afford 
 But man and steel, the soldier and his sword. 
 No vernal blooms their torpid rocks array, 
 But Winter ling'ring chills the lap of May ; 
 No Zephyr fondly sues the mountain's breast, 
 But meteors glare, and stormy glooms invest. " 
 Goldsmith, The Traveller. 
 
 472, &c. Drances could not have said with Iden : 
 " I seek not to wax great by others waning." 
 Shakespeare, 3 K. Henry VJ., iv. 10. 
 
 He was more like Belial, as Milton describes him : 
 
 " On the other side uprose 
 Belial, in act more graceful and humane : 
 A fairer person lost not Heaven ; he sccnx'd 
 For dignity compos'd, and high exploit : 
 But all was false and hollow. Though his tongue 
 Dropp'd manna, and could make the worse appear 
 The better reason, to perplex and dash 
 Maturest counsels : for his thoughts were low ; 
 To vice industrious, but to nobler deeds 
 Timorous and slothful." P. L., b. ii. 
 
 473. " Envy the next, Envy with sq^uinted eyes : 
 Sick of a strange disease, his neighbour's 
 health : 
 Best lives he then, when any better dies ; 
 Is never poor but in another's wealth. 
 
296 
 
 V. 338—351- 
 
 THE MNEID. 
 
 V. 351—373. 
 
 And bitter stings, wealth-rife, and in his 
 
 tongue 
 Superior, but his right hand chill in war; 
 In counsels deemed no weak authority; 
 In faction strong ; his mother's noble rank 
 Proud birth bestowed him ; from his father 
 
 he 
 A questionable one maintained ; — gets up 
 And loads him with these taunts, and swells 
 
 their wrath : 480 
 
 *' Upon a matter, that is dark to none. 
 Nor needing voice of ours, thou seek'st 
 
 advice, 
 O gracious sovereign. All allow they know 
 What may the welfare of the nation claim ; 
 But hesitate to say. Let him vouchsafe 
 Freedom of speech, and arrogance abate. 
 Because of whose ill-omened management, 
 And evil dealings, — truly I will speak. 
 Though he may threaten me with arms and 
 
 death, — 
 So many lights of leaders see we set, 490 
 And all the city sitting down in woe. 
 The while he tempts the Trojan camp, on 
 
 flight 
 
 On best men's harms and griefs he feeds his fill ; 
 Else his own maw doth eat with spiteful will : 
 111 must the temper be, where diet is so ill. 
 
 " Each eye through divers optics slily leers. 
 Which both his sight and objects self bely ; 
 So greatest virtue as a moat appears, 
 
 And molehill faults to mountains multiply. 
 When needs he must, yet faintly then he praises ; 
 Somewhat the deed, much more the means he 
 
 raises : 
 So marreth what he makes, and, praising most, 
 dispraises." 
 P. Fletcher, The P-urple Island, vii. 66, 7. 
 
 " Accursed jealousy ! 
 O merciless, wild and unforgiving fiend ! 
 Blindfold it runs to undistinguish'd mischief. 
 And murders all it meets. Curst be its rage. 
 For there is none so deadly ; doubly curs'd 
 Be all those easy fools who give it harbour ; 
 Who turn a monster on mankind. 
 Fiercer than famine, war, or spotted pestilence ; 
 Baneful as death, and horrible as hell." 
 
 Rowe, Jmte Shore, act iv. 
 
 " Peace, slave; he is my noble friend, of noble 
 blood, 
 Whose fame's above the level of those tongues, 
 That bark by custom at the brightest virtues. 
 As dogs do at the moon." 
 Tuke, The Adventures of Five Hours, act v. 
 
 474, 5. So Queen Katherine says of Wolsey : 
 
 " Your words. 
 Domestics to you, serve your will, as 't please 
 Yourself pronounce their office." 
 
 Shakespeare, K. Henry VIII., ii. 4. 
 480. _ • • And yet there may 
 
 Be malice in complaints. The flourishing oak. 
 For his extent of branches, stature, growth. 
 The darling, and the idol of the wood. 
 Whose awful nod the under trees adore. 
 
 Depending, and the sky affrights with arms. 
 One also to those gifts, which thou dost bid, 
 Full many, to the Dardans to be sent 
 And gaged, thou, best of monarchs, one 
 
 shouldst add ; 
 Nor let the violence of any man 
 O'erpow'r thee, that, a sire, thou shouldst 
 
 not give 
 Thy daughter to a peerless son-in-law. 
 And worthy match, and by an endless 
 
 league 500 
 
 This peace cement. But if so great a dread 
 Our minds and breasts there holds, let us 
 
 beseech 
 Himself, and crave the favor from himself ; 
 That he would yield ; — their proper right 
 
 resign 
 To king and country. Why so many times 
 On open dangers dost thou send adrift 
 Thy wretched citizens, O thou to Latium 
 Of these calamities the head and source ? 
 No safety [lies] in war ; a peace of thee 
 We all, O Turnus, beg, — along with [this] 
 The one inviolable pledge of peace. 511 
 I first, whom thou imaginest thy foe, — 
 And I at being so am naught concerned, — 
 Lo ! suitor, come. Compassionate thine 
 
 own ; 
 Lay wrath aside, and, routed, go thy way. 
 We deaths enough, discomfited, have seen, 
 And made a wilderness of spacious fields. 
 Or if renown hath influence, if thou 
 Enwombest such high courage in thy breast. 
 And if a palace, as thy dower, be 520 
 
 So in thine heart ; — dare thou, and trust- 
 fully 
 Thy bosom bear confronted on the foe. 
 Aye that indeed to Turnus there may fall 
 A royal bride, we, despicable souls, 
 A rout unsepulchred and undeplored. 
 Are prostrate to be tumbled on the plains ! 
 And now do thou, if any might be thine, 
 
 Shook by a tempest, and thrown down, must 
 
 needs 
 Submit his curled head, and full-grown limbs. 
 To every common axe ; be patient, while 
 The torture's put to every joint, the saws 
 And engines making, with their very noise. 
 The forests groan and tremble ; but not one. 
 When it was in its strength and state, revil'd it. 
 Whom poverty of soul, and envy, sends 
 To gather sticks from the tree's wish'd-for ruin. 
 The great man's emblem !" 
 
 Shirley, The Royal Master, \. 2. 
 
 505- . " But, above all. 
 
 Avoid the politic, the factious fool, 
 The busy, buzzing, taking, hardened knave. 
 The quaint smooth rogue, that sins against his 
 
 reason. 
 Calls saucy loud suspicion public zeal. 
 And mutiny the dictates of his spirit." 
 
 Otway, The Orphan, iii. i. 
 
V. 374—385. 
 
 BOOK XL 
 
 V. 385—397. 
 
 897 
 
 If thou hast any of thy native Mars, 
 Look hin\, who challenges thee, in the 
 
 face." 
 Up kindled Tumus' passion at such 
 words : 53° 
 
 He gives a groan, and from his bosom's 
 
 depth 
 These accents forces forth : * ' O Drances, 
 
 sooth, 
 Thou ever hast a plenteous store of prate 
 Then, when the battles call for deeds ; and 
 
 thou 
 Art with the summoned fathers present first. 
 But with thy words the court must not be 
 
 palled. 
 Which safely fly magnific from thee, whilst 
 The ramparts' mound is holding back th« 
 
 foe. 
 Nor are the trenches flowing o'er with blood. 
 Then thunder on in eloquence, thy wont, 
 And me with cowardice, thou Drances, 
 
 charge. 
 Since thy right hand hath caused so many 
 
 heaps 542 
 
 Of Trojans' slaughter, and eachwhere thou 
 
 mark'st 
 
 530. " See, see ! King Richard doth himself appear. 
 As doth the blushing discontented sun 
 From out the fiery portal of the east, 
 When he perceives the envious clouds are bent 
 To dim his glory, and to stain the track. 
 Of his bright passage to the Occident." 
 
 Shakespeare, K. Richard II., iii. 3. 
 
 531. A bystander might have exclaimed : 
 " Look down, ye spirits above ; for if there be 
 A sight on earth worthy of you to see, 
 'Tis a brave man, pursu'd by unjust hate, 
 Bravely contending with his adverse fate." 
 Tuke, The Adventures of Five Hours, act v. 
 534. " There is no vice so simple, but assumes 
 Some mark of virtue on his outward parts. 
 How many cowards, whose hearts are all as false 
 As stairs of sand, wear yet upon their chins 
 The beards of Hercules and frowning Mars, 
 Who, inward search'd, have livers white as milk !" 
 Shakespeare, Merchant 0/ Venice, iii. 2. 
 540. " Thence on maturer judgment's anvil wrought. 
 The polish'd falsehooc" into public brought ; 
 Quick circulating slai ders mirth afford. 
 And reputation bleeds in ev'ry word." 
 
 Churchill, The Apology. 
 Goldsmith's village schoolmaster was likewise an 
 egregious talker ; though the comparison docs 
 Drances too much honour : 
 " In arguing, too, the parson own'd his skill. 
 For ev'n though vanquish 'd he could argue still ; 
 While words of learned length, and thund'ring 
 
 sound, 
 Amaz'd the gazing rustics rang'd around ; 
 And still they gaz'd, and still the wonder grew, 
 That one small head should carry all he knew." 
 
 Deserted Village. 
 Yet Drances was not to be despised : 
 
 " Throw but a stone, the giant dies." 
 
 ^Matthew Green, The Spleen. 
 
 The fields with trophies. What thy lively 
 
 valor may 
 Avail, thou mayest put to proof: not far. 
 In sooth, have foemen to be sought by us : 
 On every side do they beset the walls. 
 March we against our enemies? Why pause? 
 Shall aye thy Mars be in thy empty tongue, 
 And in those feet [of thine] that run away ? 
 • / routed ?' Or can fairly any man, 551 
 Thou scum, tax me with being routed, who 
 Shall see swoln Tiber rise with Ilian blood. 
 And, root and branch, Evander's family 
 Fall'n prostrate, and the Arcads stript of 
 
 arms? 
 Not so have Bitias and huge Pandarus 
 Found me on trial, and the thousand, whom 
 I, conq'ror, in a day 'neath Tart'rus sent, 
 
 549. " True courage scorns 
 To vent her prowess in a storm of words ; 
 And to the valiant agtions speak alone : 
 Then let my deeds approve me." 
 
 Smollett, Tlie Regicide, ii. 7. 
 
 Ulysses says the opposite of Troilus : 
 " Speaking in deeds, and deedless in his tongue." 
 Shakespeare, Troilus and Cressida, iv. 5. 
 
 " You cannot blast me with your tongue, and that's 
 The strongest part you have about you." 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, The Maid's Tragedy, 
 iv. 2. 
 
 550. " The grim logician puts them in a fright : 
 'Tis easier far to flourish than to fight." 
 
 Dryden, Hind and Panther, P. iii. 
 
 " Where was your soldiership? Why went not you 
 
 out ? 
 Why met you not the Tartar, and defied him? 
 Drew your dead-doing^word, and buckled with 
 
 him? 
 Shot through his squadrons like a fiery meteor? 
 And, as we see a dreadful clap of thunder 
 Rend the stiff-hearted oaks and toss their roots up. 
 Why did not you so charge him ? You were sick 
 
 then ; 
 You, that dare taint my credit, slipp'd to bed then. 
 Stewing and fainting with the fears you had." 
 J. Fletcher, The Loyal Subject, iv. 5. 
 The first two lines are quoted yCw. ii. /. 533. 
 
 558. " I know no court but martial ; 
 
 No oily language but the shock of arms ; 
 
 No dalliance but with death ; no lofty measures. 
 
 But weary and sad marches, cold and hunger, 
 
 'Larumsat midnight Valour's self would shake at: 
 
 Yet I ne'er shrunk. Balls of consuming wildfire, 
 
 That lick'd men up like lightning, have Ilaugh'dat, 
 
 And toss'd 'em back again like children's triHes ; 
 
 Upon the edges of my enemies' swords 
 
 I nave march'd like whirlwinds. Fury at this hand 
 
 waiting, 
 Death at my right ; Fortune my forlorn hope^ 
 When I have ^applcd with Destruction, 
 And tugg'd with pale-fac'd Ruin, Night, and Mis* 
 
 chief. 
 Frighted to see a new day break in blood : 
 And every where I conquer'd, — and for you, sir." 
 J. Fletcher, l^he Mad Lever, i. 1. 
 
 Tumus might have exclaimed with the exiled 
 
 Duke: 
 
298 
 
 V. 398 — 4o6. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 406 — 425. 
 
 Cooped in their walls, and by a hostile trench 
 Enclosed. * No safety [lies] in war !' Chant 
 thou 560 
 
 The like, O madman, to the Dardan chief, 
 And thine own int'rest. Then with whelm- 
 ing fear 
 Cease not to trouble all, and raise on high 
 The powers of a nation conquered twice ; 
 On th' other hand to sink Latinus' arms. 
 Now e'en the chiefs of Myrmidonians quail 
 At Phrygian arms ; now even Tydeus' son, 
 Achilles, too, of Larisssean [birth] ; 
 And backward from the Hadriatic waves 
 The river Aufidus retreats. Aye when 570 
 
 " Blow, blow, thou winter wind. 
 Thou art not so unkind 
 
 As man's ingratitude ; 
 Thy tooth is not so keen, 
 Because thou art not seen. 
 
 Although thy breath be rude. 
 
 " Freeze, freeze, thou bitter sky. 
 That dost not bite so nigh 
 
 As benefits forgot : 
 Though thou the waters warp. 
 Thy sting is not so sharp 
 As friend remember'd not." 
 
 Shakespeare, As You Like It, ii. 7. 
 
 560. " Yes, peace has sweets 
 
 That Hybla never knew ; it sleeps on down, 
 CuU'd gently from beneath the cherub's wing : — 
 No bed for mortals ; man is warfare ; all 
 A hurricane within." 
 
 Brooke, Gustavus Vasa, ii. 8. 
 
 562. " For public good to bellow all abroad 
 Serves well the purposes of private fraud. 
 Prudence by public good intends her own : 
 If you mean otherwise, you stand alone." 
 
 Churchill, I'he Conference. 
 
 570. The commentators tell us that Quintilian 
 has praised some archaism in v. 406 ; but, as he 
 has not informed us whereabouts it lies, why should 
 we fasten it upon vel quum, when the words, in 
 their ordinary use, supply an excellent sense ? Vel 
 is plainly a particle of transition ; and though the 
 whole construction of the sentence which it intro- 
 duces is different from that which precedes, yet it 
 is just what might have been expected from a 
 speaker who was in a state of great excitement. 
 The bravery of Turnus had been impugned, and so 
 he is naturally angry, and therefore abrupt. The 
 meaning of the passage seems to be this ; Turnus 
 being most anxious for the war to proceed, seeks to 
 weaken all the arguments which Drances had urged 
 against it, by showing that they proceeded from 
 sheer cowardice on the part of his adversary. 
 First addressing Drances, he says : " Go on throw- 
 ing everything into confusion by exciting the alarms 
 of the weak ; magnify the powers of a race who 
 have already been beaten twice, — once by Her- 
 cules, and the other day by the Greeks ; detract 
 from the prowess of your own nation, and the army 
 of your prince ; tell us that Grecian chiefs are now 
 obliged to quake at Trojan arms ; that Diomed is 
 in dread, and Achilles panic-stricken ; and that 
 such a horror has been raised by the very name of 
 ^neas, that even the rivers of Italy recoil in their 
 courses, and fly backward from the sea. Do all 
 this, and continue to do it,— because you are a 
 coward. 
 
 The villain of a hypocrite pretends 
 That he is frighted at his brawls with me, 
 And aggravates his charge with his alarm, — 
 Thou never such a soul by this right hand, — 
 Cease to be discomposed, — shalt lose ; with 
 
 thee 
 It may abide, and in that bosom rest. 
 
 Now I to thee and to thy grand debates, 
 O sire, return. If in our arms no hope 
 Thou any further dost repose ; if we 
 Are so forlorn, and with the army once 
 Discomfited are utterly undone, 581 
 
 Nor backward step hath Fortune ; peace let us 
 Entreat, and slack right hands stretch forth. 
 
 Yet, oh ! 
 If aught we had of our accustomed worth, 
 Before all others in my view is he 
 Both blest in travails, and of spirit rare, 
 Who, lest he aught the like should see, hath 
 
 fallen 
 In death, and with his mouth once champed 
 
 the earth. 
 But if with us there e'en resources [rest], 
 And youth as yet uninjured, and for aid 
 Cities and clans of Italy abound ; — 591 
 But if, too, fame hath to the Trojans come 
 With plenteous blood — their funerals have 
 
 they, 
 And o'er us all alike the storm [hath 
 
 swept] ; — 
 Why is it we disreputably faint 
 In the first entrance ? Why before the trump 
 Does quaking seize our limbs ? A length 
 
 of time. 
 And changeful travail of a chequered life 
 
 " Aye, even when " (turning to the audience) 
 " this; hypocritical knave affects to feel afraid of 
 violence at my hands, and magnifies the miserable 
 
 f rounds, which he may plead for the apprehension, 
 y his own assumed terror ; though he speaks 
 false, and knows it, yet he has counterfeited the 
 fear, — only because he is a coward. But," (turn- 
 ing to Drances,) "you need not be afraid ; for do 
 not flatter yourself that I ever could condescend to 
 sully my sword with the blood of such a dastard as 
 you. Keep that pitiful spirit of yours, for all you 
 need fear from me ; it may dwell with you for ever, 
 for ever continue to animate that wretched breast, 
 before I could stoop to disturb you in so con- 
 temptible a possession." 
 
 574. " He, when the nipping blasts of envy rise. 
 Its guilt can pity, and its rage despise." 
 
 Young, The histalment, 
 
 " Away, lewd railer ! Not thy slanderous throat. 
 So fruitful of invectives, shall provoke me 
 To wreak unworthy vengeance on thee." 
 
 Smollett, The Regicide, ii, 7. 
 
 Though an inferior spirit to Turnus might have 
 counselled with Gloster : 
 
 "Why should he live? to fill the world with 
 words ?" Shakespeare, 3 K, Henry VI., v. 3. 
 
 588, See note on y£"«. x. /, 670, &c. 
 
V. 426 — 448. 
 
 BOOK XL 
 
 V. 449—466. 
 
 899 
 
 Hath matters to a better [state] restored ; 
 Her visits paying o'er again by turns, 600 
 Hath P'ortune many mocked, and on firm 
 
 ground 
 Once more hath placed them. The y^tolian 
 
 [prince] 
 And Arpi will not stand to us for aid : 
 But [yet] Messapus will, Tolumnius, too, 
 The blest, and leaders whom so many tribes 
 Have sent ; nor shall a scant renown attend 
 The chos'n from Latium and Laurentine 
 
 fields. 
 "With us, too, is, from Volscians' noble race, 
 Camilla, leading on her troop of horse. 
 And her battalions, blossoming in bronze. 
 But if the Teucri for the contests me 611 
 Alone demand, and that your pleasure 
 
 proves, 
 And I so much withstand the common good : 
 Not so hath Conquest in aversion fled 
 These hands, that I for such a glorious hope 
 Should any thing to enterprise decline. 
 With courage I against him will advance ; 
 Though e'en the great Achilles he surpass. 
 And don like armor, forged by Vulcan's 
 
 hands. 
 To you and to my consort's sire, Latinus, 
 This life I, Tumus, second not to one 621 
 Of those of olden days in bravery, 
 Have hallowed. Me ^neas challenges 
 Alone : and may he challenge me ! I pray. 
 Nor Drances let the rather, — whether this 
 Be wrath of gods, — atone for it by death ; 
 Or prowess be and fame, — bear off [the 
 
 palm]." 
 They these [discussions] on their doubt- 
 ful state 
 With one another in contention held : 
 yEneas was advancing camp and line. 630 
 A courier through the courts of royalty 
 In mighty agitation, lo ! darts on. 
 And with immense alarms the city fills : — 
 
 614. " Grant me license 
 
 To answer this defiance. What intelligence 
 Holds your proud master with the will of Heaven, 
 That, ere the uncertain die of war be thrown. 
 He dares assure himself the victory ? 
 Are his unjust invading arms of fire ? 
 Or those we put on, in defence of right. 
 Like chaff, to be consumed in the encounter? 
 1 look on your dimensions, and find not 
 Mine own of lesser size ; the blood, that fills 
 My veins, as hot as yours ; my sword as sharp. 
 My nerves of equal strength, my heart as good ; 
 And, confident we have the better cause, 
 Why should we fear the trial ?" 
 
 Massinger, The Bashful Lover, i. 2. 
 
 624. " Neither are we 
 
 So unprovided as you think, my lord : 
 He shall not need to seek us; we will meet him, 
 And prove the fortune of a day, perhaps 
 Sooner than he expects." Ibid. 
 
 That, in array embattled, from the flood 
 Of Tiber Trojans and the Tyrrhene band 
 Were swooping down throughout the plains. 
 
 Forthwith 
 Their minds were troubled, and the com- 
 mons' breasts 
 Convulsed, and wrath by no soft stimulants 
 Uproused. They, flurried, call for arms in 
 
 hand ; 
 " Arms !" yell the youth. The mourning 
 fathers weep 640 
 
 And mutter. Here on every side a cry, 
 With changeful discord, rises loud to air : 
 Not otherwise than in a lofty grove 
 When flocks of birds by chance have lighted 
 
 down, 
 Or in Padusa's fishful stream hoarse swans 
 Give forth a noise throughout the babbling 
 
 pools. 
 ** Aye sooth !" cries Tumus, **0 ye citizens, 
 Seizing your opportunity, convene 
 A council, and, ye sitters, praise a peace : 
 Let them in arms upon the kingdom rush." 
 Nor speaking more he tore himself away. 
 And from the stately chamber quick with- 
 drew. 
 ** Do thou, Volusus, to the Volscians' bands 
 Give orders to be armed ; and lead, " saith he, 
 "TheRutuli. The cavalry in arms, 655 
 Messapus, Coras with thy brother, too. 
 Spread o'er the spacious plains. Let some 
 secure 
 
 640. " Peace is despair'd ; 
 
 For who can think submission ? War, then, war. 
 Open or understood, must be resolved." 
 
 Milton, P. L., b. L 
 649. Of course Tumus meant : 
 
 " Shame on that friend. 
 Who in the hour of danger can deliberate. 
 And sit at ease, debating with Dame Counsel, 
 While Action frowns and beckons him away." 
 Macdonald. The Fair Apostate, i. 2. 
 653. This activity on the part of Tumus, in spite 
 of all that Drances had said, no doubt proceeded 
 upon the principle, which Wolsey justifies to the 
 kmg: 
 
 " If I am 
 Traduc'd by ignorant tongues, which neither know 
 My faculties, nor person, yet will be 
 The chronicles of my doing, let me say, 
 'Tis but the fate of place, and the rough brake 
 That virtue must ^o through. We must not stint 
 Our necessary actions, in the fear 
 To cope malicious censurers ; which ever, 
 As ravenous fishes, do a vessel follow 
 That is new trimm'd, but benefit no farther 
 Than vainly longing, what we oft do best. 
 By sick interpreters, (once weak ones,) is 
 Not ours, or not allow'd ; what worst, as oft. 
 Hitting a grosser quality, is cried up 
 For our best act. If wc shall stand still. 
 In fear our motion will be mock'd or carp'd at. 
 We should take root here, where we sit, or sit 
 State statues only." 
 
 . Shakespeare, K. Henry VJII., i. a. 
 
300 
 
 V. 466—487. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 487 — 508. 
 
 The city avenues, and man the towers ; 
 Let the remainder of the force with me 
 Bring arms to bear, where'er shall I com- 
 mand." 660 
 They straight thro' out the city to the walls 
 Run to and fro. The council and his grand 
 
 designs 
 Does he himself, the sire Latinus, quit, 
 And, troubled at the dismal crisis, he 
 Adjourns them, and heaps many a reproach 
 Upon himself, that he had not received 
 Dardan ^Eneas of his own accord. 
 And to the city as his daughter's spouse 
 Admitted him. Some delve before the gates. 
 Or carry stones and stakes. The trumpet 
 hoarse 670 
 
 The bloody signal for the battle gives. 
 Mothers and boys then crowned with motley 
 
 ring 
 The walls ; their latest travail summons all. 
 Moreover, to the fane and highest towers 
 Of Pallas, with a bevy vast of dames. 
 The queen is carried up, presenting gifts. 
 And her companion by her side, the maid 
 Lavinia, fountain of calamity 
 So grievous, downcast in her lovely eyes. 
 Pass in the matrons, and with incense fume 
 The fane, and from the lofty gate outpour 
 Sad words : * ' Arms-puissant, patroness of 
 war, 682 
 
 Tritonian maiden, shatter with thy hand 
 The Phrygian pirate's weapon, and himsel f 
 Do thou lay prostrate headlong on the earth. 
 And fling him forth beneath the lofty gates." 
 In emulation storming, Turnus' self 
 Is girded for the conflicts. And so now 
 
 679. So Davenant represents Gartha : 
 " Thro' all the camp she moves with fun'ral pace, 
 And still bowes meekly down to all she saw ; 
 Her grief gave speaking beauty to her face. 
 Which lowly look'd, that it might pitty draw." 
 Gondibert, ii. 3, 51. 
 
 " When graceful Sorrow in her pomp appears. 
 Sure she is dress'd in Melesinda's tears. 
 Your head reclin'd, (as hiding grief from view,) 
 Droops like a rose surcharg'd with morning dew." 
 Dryden, Auru7tgzebe, iii. i. 
 
 683. So Nennius, at the temple of the Druids : 
 
 *' Thou great Tiranes, whom our sacred priests. 
 Armed with dreadful thunder, place on high 
 Above the rest of the immortal gods, 
 Send thy consuming fires and deadly bolts, 
 And shoot 'em home ; stick in each Roman heart 
 A fear fit for confusion ; blast their spirits. 
 Dwell in 'em to destruction; thorough their 
 
 phalanx 
 Strike, as thou strik'st a proud tree ; shake their 
 
 bodies. 
 Make their strengths totter, and their topless 
 
 fortunes 
 Unroot, and reel to ruin." 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Bonduca, iii. i. 
 
 In his Rutulian habergeon bedight. 
 In scales of bronze he bristled, and his legs 
 Had cased in gold, still bare upon his brows, 
 And to his side had buckled on his sword. 
 And, from the lofty fortress posting down, 
 [All] gold he sparkled, and in spirit bounds, 
 And now in hope anticipates the foe : 695 
 As when, his fetters burst, the racks hath fled 
 The courser, free at last, and having gained 
 The open field, he either bends [his way] 
 To feeding grounds, and to the herds of 
 
 mares, 
 Or, in the water's well-known rivulet 700 
 Accustomed to be bathed, he sallies forth, 
 And, wantoning with crest high lifted, 
 
 neighs. 
 And o'er his neck, o'er shoulders, plays his 
 
 mane. 
 Whom coming in his path Camilla meets, 
 A squadron of the Volsci in her train, 
 And from her charger, 'neath the very gates, 
 Down sprang the queen, whom copying, 
 
 all the troop, 
 With horses left, dropped down upon the 
 
 ground : 
 Then such she speaks : "If, Turnus, any 
 
 trust 
 Of self dwells justly in the brave, I dare. 
 And I engage to meet the kneads' band, 
 And march alone against the Tuscan horse. 
 Let me with hand essay war's op'ning risks ; 
 Do thou on foot continue by the walls, 714 
 And guard the city." Turnus [saith] to 
 
 these. 
 On the dread maiden riveting his eyes : 
 "O maid, Italia's pride, what thanks to 
 
 speak, 
 
 697. "Where, fearless of the hunt, the hart se- 
 curely stood. 
 
 And every where walk'd free, a burgess of the 
 wood." Drayton, Polyolbion, s. 18. 
 
 " The exile feels 
 Returning warmth, like some neglected steed 
 Of noblest temper, from his wonted haunts 
 Who long hath languish'd in the lazy stall ; 
 Call'd forth, he paws, he snuffs th' enliv'ning air; 
 His strength he proffers in a cheerful neigh 
 To scour the vale, to mount the shelving hill. 
 Or dash from thickets close the sprinkling dew." 
 Glover, Atheitaid, b. v. 
 
 " Nature imprints upon whate'er we see. 
 That has a heart and life in it, Be free. 
 The beasts are charter'd ; neither age nor force 
 Can quell the love of freedom in a horse : 
 He breaks the cord, that held him at the rack ; 
 And, conscious of an unincumber'd back. 
 Snuffs up the morning air, forgets the rein ; 
 Loose fly his forelock and his ample mane ; 
 Responsive to the distant neigh he neighs ; 
 Nor stops, till, overcoming all delays, 
 He finds the pasture where his fellows graze." 
 Cowper, Charity. 
 
V. 509— 538. 
 
 BOOK XL 
 
 ▼. 539—559. 
 
 jot 
 
 Or what to recompense, can I prepare ? 
 But now, since stands that soul above all 
 
 [risks] 
 Do thou along with me partake the toil, 
 ^neas, as report and scouts despatched 
 Assurance bring, light weaponed cavalry 
 Hath in advance Unscrupulously sent, 723 
 That they may scour the champaign ; he 
 
 himself 
 Along a mountain's unfrequented heights, 
 Its brow o'erpassing, nigh the city draws. 
 I in a winding pathway of the wood 
 Plan crafts of war, — with soldiery in arms 
 To block the entrance with its twain defiles. 
 Do thou the Tyrrhene horsemen, standards 
 joined, 730 
 
 Engage ; with thee will be Messapus fierce, 
 And Latium's brigads, and Tiburtus' bands: 
 Do thou as well thegen'ral's charge assume." 
 On this wise speaks he, and with like address 
 Cheers on Messapus and the fed'rate chiefs 
 To battle, and advances o;i the foe. 
 A glen there is with serpentizing bend, 
 Suited for ambush and the wiles of war ; 
 Which either side dark hems with clustered 
 
 leaves ; 
 Whither a scanty path conducts, and lead 
 Confined defiles and jealous avenues. 741 
 Above this [glen], upon the mountain-heights 
 And topmost crest, there lies a flat unknown, 
 And safe retreats ; or if upon the right 
 And on the left you list to meet the fray, 
 Or from the brows attack, and roll huge 
 
 stones. 
 Hither along the path's familiar line 
 The youth is borne, and on the post he 
 
 seized, 
 And couched in ambush in unrighteous 
 woods. 
 Meanwhile Latonia in the seats above 
 Fleet Opis, one of her companion maids, 
 And of her holy retinue, addressed, 752 
 And these sad accents uttered from her lip : 
 ** Camilla marches to the murd'rous war, 
 O maid, and in our arms is girt in vain. 
 To me beyond [all] other [virgins] dear ; 
 For not to Dian fresh this love hath come, 
 And stirred her spirit with a sudden charm. 
 
 737. " O'erbreath'd we come where, 'twixt impend- 
 ing hills, 
 Ran the joint current of two gurgling rills ; 
 On cither hand, adown each fearful steep, 
 Hung forth the shaggy horrors, dark and deep: 
 Here, thro' brown umbrage, glow'd the vivid green. 
 And headlong slopes, and winding paths between ; 
 Growth above growth, tall trees arose. 
 The tops of these scarce veil'd the roots of those ; 
 A wincling court where wandering Fancy walk'd. 
 And to herself responsive Echo talk'd." 
 
 Brooke, The Fox-Chase. 
 
 Forced from his realm through [popular] 
 dislike, 759 
 
 And his haught violence, when Metabus 
 Departed from Privemum['s] ancient town, 
 He flying right amid the frays of war, 
 The babe, the partner in his banishment, 
 Bore ofi", and from its mother's name, * Cas- 
 
 milla,' 
 He called her, — by a portion of it changed, — 
 * Camilla.' In his bosom he himself 
 Before him carrying [the infant], sought 
 The distant summit of the lonely woods. 
 Fell weapons harassed him on every side. 
 And, with their soldiery dispread around, 
 [About him] did the Volsci hover. Lo ! 
 Amid his flight, upon its highest banks 772 
 The Amasenus overflowing foamed ; 
 So great a shower from the clouds had burst. 
 He, as to swim it he prepares, is stayed 
 By his affection for the babe, and fears 
 For his beloved burden. In a trice. 
 In him, revolving all within himself, 
 Scarce settled this resolve : — aweapon huge, 
 Which in his stalwart hand the warrior 
 chanced 780 
 
 To carry, hard with knots and fire-dried 
 
 oak : — 
 To this his child, in bark and wild- wood 
 
 cork 
 Encased, he binds, and deftly fitted, round 
 He ties her to the centre of the lance ; 
 Whom poising in his giant right hand, thus 
 He speaks to heav'n : ' Boon patroness of 
 
 woods. 
 To thee this [babe], Latonian maid, do I, 
 Her sire, myself thy servant dedicate ; 
 Thine arms, her first, she grasping, through 
 
 the air 
 Is in submission flying from her foe. 790 
 
 759. " Thus kings, by grasping more Uikn they 
 could hold. 
 First made their subjects by oppression bold ; 
 And popular sway, by forcing kings to give 
 More than was fit for subjects to receive. 
 Ran to the same extremes ; and one excess 
 Made both, by striving to be greater, less." 
 
 Sir John Denham, Cooper's Hill. 
 
 766. Chaucer has a touching instance of parental 
 tenderness ; in which the following occurs : 
 " Hire litel child lay weping in hire arm. 
 And kneling pitously to him she said : 
 Pees, litel sone, I wol do thee no harm. 
 With that hire couverchief of hire hed she braid. 
 And over his litel eyen she it laid, 
 And in hire arme she lulleth it ful fast. 
 And into the heven hire eyen up she cast." 
 
 'Ilu .Man o/Lawes Tale. 
 
 769. " The sword behind him flash'd ; before hira 
 roar'd. 
 Deaf to his woes, the deep. Forlorn, around ; 
 
 He roll'd his eve 
 
 rhomson. Liberty ^ P. iv. 662-5. 
 
302 
 
 V. 560 — 582. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 582—594. 
 
 Receive, O goddess, I entreat, thine own, 
 Who now is trusted to uncertain winds.' 
 He said, and with his indrawn arm he flings 
 The spear-shaft whirled around ; the billows 
 
 boomed ; 
 Ill-starred Camilla o'er the sweepy tide 
 On whizzing jav'lin flies. But Metabus, — 
 Now neai-er closing him a mighty troop, — 
 Resigns him to the flood, and, in success, 
 The jav'lin with the maid he tears away, 
 A gift to Trivia from the grassy turf. 800 
 Him not within their dwellings, nor their 
 
 walls, 
 Admitted any cities : nor would he 
 Have stooped to them himself through 
 
 fierceness: e'en 
 In lonely mounts he passed a shepherd's life. 
 His daughter here in brakes, and 'mid dread 
 
 haunts, 
 Upon the dugs and wild milk of a mare, 
 Belonging to the herd, he nourished up, 
 Milking its nipples in her tender lips. 
 And soon as ever with her footsoles first 
 The babe her steps had planted [on the 
 
 ground], 810 
 
 With pointed javelin did he arm her hands. 
 And from the shoulder of the tiny [maid] 
 Hung arrows and a bow. For hairy gold, 
 For the investment of a trailing robe. 
 Along her back down wimples from her neck 
 A tiger's hide. E'en then her babish darts 
 From dainty hand she flung, and round her 
 
 head 
 A sling she flourished with a rounded thong, 
 And Stiymon's crane, or snowy swan, struck 
 
 down. 
 Her many a mother through the Tuscan 
 
 towns 820 
 
 Desired for their daughter-in-law in vain : 
 
 796. Telum, hasta, hastile, and jaculutn (v. 
 545-563) are all used of the same weapon, unless 
 hastile means the shaft ; which is doubtful. 
 
 805. Camilla might have said with Comus : 
 " I know each lane, and every alley green. 
 Dingle, or bushy dell of this wild wood, 
 And every bosky bourn from side to side, 
 My daily walks and ancient neighbourhood." 
 Milton, Cojnns. 
 " What art thou, that into this dismal place. 
 Which nothing could find out but misery, 
 Thus boldly step'st ? Comfort was never here ; 
 Here is no food, nor beds, nor any house 
 Built by a better architect than beasts ; 
 And ere you get a dwelling from one of them. 
 You must fight for it." 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Ctipid's Revenge, v. 4. 
 807. How armentalis equoe can be tortured into 
 " brood-mare," is hard to comprehend. Is not ihe 
 expression exactly equivalent to Homer's ^oug 
 aveAata {Iliad, ii, 728), which means, "still in 
 the herd," i. e., " wild ?" 
 821. Or : " In vain desired as partner for a son." 
 
 She, only with Diana satisfied. 
 The deathless love of darts and maidenhood 
 Unsullied cherishes.- I [fain] could wish 
 She had not been by such a warfare seized, 
 The Teucer-race essaying to attack : 
 How precious would she be to me, and one 
 Of my attendant maids ! But come, since she 
 Is pressed by bitter destinies, glide down, 
 O Nymph, from heav'n, and visit Latium's 
 
 bourns, 830 
 
 Where is with luckless omen set abroach 
 The rueful fray. Take these, and from its 
 
 sheath 
 Draw forth a vengeful bolt : herewith, 
 
 w^hoe'er 
 Her hallowed body shall have by a wound 
 Profaned, — a Trojan or Italian,- — he 
 To me in equal sort shall by his blood 
 Pay forfeit. I then in a hollow cloud 
 The pitiable [virgin's] corse, and arms 
 Unplundered, to the sepulchre will bear, 
 
 822. So Chaucer, of Zenobia : 
 
 " From hire childhode I finde that she fledde 
 Office of woman, and to wode she went ; 
 And many a wilde harte's blood she shedde 
 With arwes brode, that she to hem sent ; 
 She was so swift, that she anon hem hent. 
 And whan that she was elder, she wold kille 
 Leons, lepards, and beres al to-rent. 
 And in hire armes weld hem at hire wille. 
 
 "She dorst the wilde bestes dennes seke 
 And rennen in the mountaignes all the night, 
 And sleep under the bush." The Monies Tale. 
 
 823. Perhaps she might have been less resolute, 
 had her shepherd-wooers learned the art of court- 
 ship from Marlow's exquisite song : 
 
 " Come Hue with me, and be my loue, 
 And we will all the pleasures proue. 
 That vallies, groues, hills, and fields. 
 Woods, or steepie mountaine yeelds. 
 
 " And we will sit vpon the rockes, 
 Seeing the shepheards feede their flockes 
 By shallow riuers, to whose falls 
 Melodious birds sing madrigalls. 
 
 " And I will make thee beds of roses. 
 And a thousand fragrant poesies, 
 A cap of flowers, and a kirtle 
 Imbroydered all with leaues of mirtle. 
 
 " A gowne made of the finest wooll, 
 Which from our pretty lambs we pull ; 
 Faire lined slippers for the cold. 
 With buckles of the purest gold. 
 
 " A belt of straw, and iuie buds, 
 With coral clasps and amber studs : 
 And if these pleasures may thee moue. 
 Then Hue with me, and be my loue. 
 
 " The shepheard swaines shall dance and sing, 
 For thy delight each May-morning : 
 If these delights thy minde may moue. 
 Then Hue with me and be my loue." 
 
 England's Helicon, The Passionate SheJ>heard 
 to his Loue. 
 
V. 594— ^ 1 8. 
 
 BOOK XL 
 
 T. 618—649. 
 
 30J 
 
 And reinstate them in her native land." 
 She said ; but through the buoyant gales 
 
 of heaven 84 1 
 
 The other swoopingdown gave forth asound, 
 
 In murky whirlwind vested round her form. 
 
 But meanwhile to the walls the Trojan 
 
 band 
 Draws near, and Tuscan chiefs, and all the 
 
 host 
 Of horsemen ranged by number into troops. 
 Through the whole champaign neighs the 
 
 prancing steed. 
 And fights against the tightened reins, 
 
 whirled round 
 To this side and to that. Then far and wide 
 A field pf iron bristles with their spears, 
 And glow the plains with arms on high. 
 
 Messapus, too, 85 1 
 
 Upon the other side, and Latins fleet," 
 And, with his brother, Coras, and the maid 
 Camilla's wing, confronted on the field. 
 Appear, and, with their right hands drawn 
 
 aback. 
 Their lances to a distance they outstretch. 
 And whirl their missiles ; and th' approach 
 
 of men, 
 And snort of horses waxes louder still. 
 And now, within a javelin-cast advanced, 
 Each [host] had halted : with a sudden shout 
 They burst away, and cheer their fuming 
 
 steeds. 861 
 
 They pour at once on every side their darts. 
 Thick in the guise of snow, and heav'n is 
 
 veiled 
 In shade. Straight, forcing with confronted 
 
 spears. 
 Hurtle Tyrrhenus and Aconteus keen. 
 And are the first to cause a crash, with din 
 Prodigious, and their horses' battered chests 
 To chests they dash. Aconteus, pitched 
 
 abroad. 
 In fashion of a thunderbolt, or charge. 
 Shot from an engine, headlong flings [him- 
 self] 870 
 Afar, and life he scatters to the gales. 
 The lines are straight discomfited, and back 
 
 840. If the reader should wish to be introduced 
 into the kind of scene, which the poet briefly de- 
 scribes in the foregoing passage, let him read the 
 6th canto of the 3rd book of ^he Faerie Queene ; 
 and he will be charmed. 
 
 841. " I see His ministers ; I see, diffus'd 
 In radiant orders, essences sublime, 
 Of various offices, of various plume. 
 In heavenly liveries, distinctly clad, 
 Azure, green, purple, pearl, or downy gold, 
 Orallcommix'd. They stand, with wings outspread. 
 Listening to catch the Master's least command, 
 And fly through Nature, ere the moment ends ; 
 Numbers innumerable." 
 
 Young, The ComJ>laittt, N. ix. 
 
 The routed Latins throw away their shields. 
 And towards pthe city wheel around their 
 
 steeds. 
 The Trojans hunt them : at their head the 
 
 troops 
 Leads on Asilas. And they now approached 
 The portals, and the Latins raise again 
 A shout, and pliant necks turn round : these 
 
 fly, 
 
 And with full granted reins are carried back : 
 As when, advancing with alternate flood, 
 The ocean now swoops onward to the lands. 
 And with its surge the rocks o'erlays, in 
 
 foam, 882 
 
 And drenches with its curve the farthest 
 
 sand ; 
 Now backwards swift, and sucking in again 
 The shingle by the tide rolled back, it flies. 
 And with retreating shallow quits the shore. 
 Twice did the Tuscans to their walls pursue 
 The routed Rutuli : they, twice rebuffed. 
 Face towards them as they screen their 
 
 backs with arms. 
 But when they for the third encounters met. 
 They mutually entangled their whole lines. 
 And singled man his man. Then sooth 
 
 [ensues] 892 
 
 E'en groan of those in death, and in deep 
 
 blood 
 Both arms, and corses, and half-living steeds, 
 With heroes' carnage blent, are rolled along. 
 A battle fierce springs up. Orsilochus 
 On Remulus's charger, since himself 
 He dreaded to assail, hurled forth a lance. 
 And left the steel behind, beneath its ear ; 
 Withwhichits strokethe charger fumes aloft, 
 And, of the wound impatient, tosses high 
 Its legs, with chest uplifted. He, unhorsed, 
 Is rolled along the ground. Catillus [fells] 
 lollas, and, a giant in his soul, 
 A giant in his body and in arms, 
 Herminius overthrows : on whose bare head 
 [Wave] yellow locks; his shoulders, too, 
 
 are bare ; 
 Nor him do wounds alarm : so much he lies 
 Exposed to weapons. Through his shoulders 
 
 broad 
 The driven spear stands quiv'ring, and, shot 
 
 through, 910 
 
 It doubles up the warrior with the pang. 
 In every quarter sable gore is shed ; 
 They, vying, deal destruction with the sword. 
 And seek by wounds an honorable death. 
 But 'mid the centre of the slaughtered 
 
 heaps. 
 Forth prances an Amazon, on one breast 
 
 916. In the face of extultat Amuuum, v. 648, is 
 one to write: "An Amazon forth prances," &c. ? 
 
304 
 
 V. 649 — 679. 
 
 THE jENEID. 
 
 V. 679 — 708. 
 
 Stript for the fight, Camilla, quiver-armed, 
 And, scatt'ring with her hand, now showers 
 
 thick 
 The limber jav'lins; now with her right 
 
 hand 
 A sturdy battle-axe with double edge 920 
 Unwearied seizes. From her shoulder rings 
 A golden bow, and Dian's armory. 
 She, too, if ever, driven rearward, she 
 Retired, aims arrows flying from a bow 
 Reversed. But round [her stood] choice 
 
 virgin-mates, 
 Alike the maid Larine, and Tulla [too], 
 Tarpeia, also, swaying axe of bronze, 
 Italian ladies ; whom t' herself a grace, 
 Herself divine Camilla singled out, 
 Her worthy handmaids both in peace and 
 
 war. 930 
 
 Such as when Thracian Amazonians strike 
 Thermodon's floods, and fight in painted 
 
 arms ; 
 Or'round Hippolyte, or when returns 
 Mars-sired Penthesilea in her car. 
 And with loud yelling uproar women-troops 
 Bound forth with moony shields. Whom 
 
 first with dart. 
 Whom last, fierce damsel, dost thou over- 
 throw ? 
 Or what the count of dying bodies thou 
 Upon the ground dost prostrate lay ? The 
 
 first, 
 Eunasus, of his father Clytius [sired], 940 
 Whose opened bosom, as he stands in front. 
 She with a lengthful fir[-shaft] pierces thro'. 
 He, rivulets of blood disgorging, falls. 
 And bites the gory ground, and as he dies 
 He writhes himself about upon his wound. 
 Then Liris [she destroys], and Pagasus be- 
 sides : 
 Of whom the one, rolled backward from his 
 
 horse. 
 Beneath him wounded, while he gathers up 
 The reins ; the other, while he comes in aid. 
 And towards him, as he sinks, a weak right 
 
 hand 950 
 
 Outstretches ; — headlong and at once they 
 
 fall. 
 To these Amaster, son of Hippotas, 
 She adds, and, plying with her spear afar, 
 Pursues both Tereus, and Harpalycus, . 
 Alike Demophoon and Chromis ; and as 
 
 many darts 
 As, from her hand discharged, the maiden 
 
 launched. 
 So many Phrygian heroes fell. Far off", 
 The hunter Ornytus, in armor strange, 
 And on an lapygian steed, is borne. 
 Whose shoulders broad, a warrior, palls a 
 
 hide 960 
 
 Reft from a steer ; a wolfs huge grinning 
 
 mouth, 
 And jaws with snowy grinders, screened 
 
 his head ; 
 And arms his hands a clownish truncheon ; he 
 Is in continued motion 'mid the troops. 
 And by a head entire above them stands. 
 Him, intercepted, — for it was no toil. 
 His troop discomfited, — she pierces through. 
 And these, moreover, speaks with hostile 
 
 breast : 
 ' ' Didst thou imagine, Tuscan, thou didst 
 
 chase 
 Wild animals in woods ? The day hath come, 
 Which by a woman's arms will have dis- 
 proved 971 
 Your words. Still this, no light distinc- 
 tion, thou 
 Shalt carry to the Manes of thy sires, — 
 That thou hast fallen by Camilla's dart." 
 She next Orsilochus and Butes [slays], 
 Of Teucer's sons the twain most bulky frames : 
 But Butes, turned away, with point of spear 
 Between the corselet and the casque she 
 
 pierced. 
 Where, as he sits, conspicuous is his neck, 
 And from his left arm down his buckler 
 
 hangs : 980 
 
 Fleeing, and hunted thro' a spacious ring, 
 In circle narrower, Orsilochus 
 She mocks, and her pursuer she pursues. 
 Then her stout axe both thro' the hero's arms, 
 And thro' his bones, uprising higher, whilst 
 He's suing, and outpouring many a prayer. 
 She drives and drives again : with his hot 
 
 brains 
 The wound bedews his face. Across her 
 
 came. 
 And halted, at the sudden sight appalled, 
 Haunter of Apennine, the warrior-son 990 
 Of Annus, of Ligurians not the last. 
 While destinies permitted him to cheat. 
 He too, when now he sees that by no flight 
 He can escape the fray, nor turn aside 
 The pressing queen : — essaying to contrive 
 His stratagems with policy and craft, 
 Begins these [words] : ' ' What so surpassing 
 
 [feat], if thou, 
 A woman, trustest to a gallant steed? 
 Forego thy [means of] flight, and hand to 
 
 hand 
 With me commit thee to the righteous 
 
 ground, looo 
 
 And gird thee for a fight on foot ; thou soon 
 Shalt know to whom vain bragging brings 
 
 the praise." 
 
 998. That is, though a woman ; for it weakens 
 the passage to make femina, v. 705, the vocative 
 case. 
 
r. 709—731. 
 
 BOOK XL 
 
 V. 732—759. 
 
 305 
 
 He said ; but she in fury, and afire 
 With keen vexation, to a comrade hands 
 
 her horse, 
 And stands opposed to him in even arms. 
 Afoot with naked falchion, and unawed 
 With spotless buckler. But the youth 
 
 himself. 
 Supposing he had triumphed by his trick. 
 Flies off, — there's no delay, — and with the 
 
 reins 
 Shifted around, a runagate, is borne away. 
 And tires his nimble steed with ironed heel. 
 " False Ligur, and in vain with haughty soul 
 Uplifted, idly thou, a slipp'ry [knave]. 
 Thy country's crafts hast tried, nor shall thy 
 
 guile 1014 
 
 To lying Aunus thee in safety bear." 
 These speaks the maiden, and with nimble 
 
 soles. 
 Flame-like, outstrips him with the pace of 
 
 steeds ; 
 And, bridle seized, she meets him to his 
 
 face. 
 And takes her vengeance on his hostile 
 
 blood : 
 As readily a falcon, hallowed bird, 1020 
 Pursues with pinions from a lofty rock, 
 A dove high poised in cloud, and gripes her 
 
 clutched. 
 And disembowels her with hooky claws ; 
 Then blood and rifled feathers drop from 
 
 heaven. 
 But, watching these with not unheedful 
 
 eyes. 
 The sire of men and gods sits on'the crest 
 Of heav'n aloft. The father rouses up 
 Tyrrhenian Tarcho to the felon fights. 
 And with no mild incentives wrath instils. 
 So Tarcho 'mid the slaughter, and the 
 
 yielding troops, 1030 
 
 Is borne upon his steed, and goads the wings 
 In sundry accents, calling each by name. 
 And rallies to the frays his routed men. 
 
 1032. So Talbot was equally horrified by his 
 countryman's behaviour, on the attack by Joan of 
 Arc: 
 
 " My thoughts are whirled like a potter's wheel ; 
 I know not where I am, or what I do. 
 A witch by fear, not force, like Hannibal, 
 Drives back our troops, and conquers as she lists : 
 So bees with smoke, and doves with noisome 
 
 stench, 
 Are from their hives and houses driven away. 
 They call'd us for our fierceness English dogs ; 
 Now, like to whelps, we crying run away. 
 Hark, countrymen ! either renew the fight. 
 Or tear the lions out of England's coat ; 
 Renounce your soil, give sheep in lions' stead : 
 Sheep run not half so timorous from the wolf. 
 Or horse, or oxen, from the leopard. 
 As you fly from your oft-subdued slaves." 
 
 Shakespeare, i K. Henry VI., i. 5. 
 
 *• What fear, O ye who ne'er will feci 
 
 aggrieved, 
 O ever mopish Tuscans, what such gross 
 Poltroonery within your souls hath come? 
 You rovers doth a woman hound, and turns 
 These your battalions ? Wherefore sword, 
 
 or why 
 These unavailing weapons, do we bear 
 In our right hands ? But not for Venus slow 
 And nightly brawls, or, when the bending 
 
 pipe 1041 
 
 Of Bacchus hath proclaimed the choirs, to 
 
 wait 
 The cates and goblets of the plenteous 
 
 board, — 
 This is your passion, this your aim, — the 
 
 while 
 Auspicious seer his holy tidings tells. 
 And fatted victim calls to lofty groves." 
 These having uttered, on the midmost he. 
 That e'en would die himself, his charger 
 
 spurs. 
 And, chafing, bears him against Venulus, 
 And, torn from off his horse, he grasps the foe 
 With his right hand, and with prodigious 
 
 force 105 1 
 
 Before his bosom quickly bears him off. 
 A shouting to the welkin is upraised. 
 And all the Latins turned about their eyes. 
 The fiery Tarcho flies along the plain, 
 His arms and hero bearing ; then from off 
 His own lance-tip he snaps away the steel, 
 And ransacks the uncovered parts, where he 
 May deal the deathful wound ; on th' other 
 
 hand. 
 Against him th' other fighting, from his throat 
 His right hand stays, and parries force by 
 
 force. 
 And as what time the golden eagless, high 
 Upon the wing, bears off a serpent clutched, 
 And into him hath doubled in her claws. 
 And fastened with her pounces ; but the 
 
 snake, 1065 
 
 Wound-stricken, writhes about his coiling 
 
 folds. 
 And bristles with his elevated scales, 
 And hisses with his mouth, uprising tall ; 
 Him, as he struggles, none the less she plies 
 With hooky beak ; she at the same time flaps 
 The welkin with her wings : not otherwise, 
 His booty from the men of Tibur's troop, 
 Off Tarcho bears in triumph. Following 
 The pattern and the fortune of their chief, 
 Moeonia's sons rush on. Then Amins, due 
 
 1074. ** But those fears. 
 
 Feeling but once the fires of nobler thoughts, ^ 
 Fly, like the shapes of clouds we form, to nothing." 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Tkitrrj mnd 
 Thttdortt, iv. x. 
 
 Z 
 
3o6 
 
 V. 759—794. 
 
 THE jENEID. 
 
 V. 794—819. 
 
 To fates, with jav'lin, and with ample skill, 
 Careers round fleet Camilla in advance, 1077 
 And what may be his readiest chance essays. 
 Where'er herself the chafing maiden threw 
 In centre of the host, there Arruns comes 
 Hard by, and silently surveys her steps : 
 Where conq'ress she returns, and from the 
 foe 1082 
 
 Withdraws her foot, here stealthily the youth 
 Turns off the hasty reins. Approaches these, 
 And now approaches those, he traverses, 
 And every circling range on every side ; 
 And shakes the caitiff his unerring spear. 
 By chance Chloreus, to Cybele devote, 
 And erst her priest, distinguished shone afar 
 In Phrygian arms, and urged his foaming 
 steed, 1090 
 
 Which a gold-buckled skin with scales of 
 
 bronze. 
 In feather-fashion palled. Himself, all- 
 bright 
 In foi-eign steely -blue and purple dye. 
 Shot Cretan arrows from a Lycian bow; 
 Forth from his shoulders rings the bow of 
 
 gold. 
 And golden was the prophet's helm ; he next 
 Both saffron cloak, and rustling folds of 
 
 lawn. 
 With tawny gold had gathered into knot ; 
 His tunic, and his legs' outlandish greaves. 
 With needle broidered. Him the huntress- 
 maid, — 1 100 
 W^hether that she might on the temples'front 
 His Trojan weapons fasten, or that she 
 Might figure in his captured gold, — alone 
 From all the battle's contest blind pursued, 
 And heedlessly through all the army burned 
 With woman's love of booty and of spoils : 
 When Arruns, — his occasion seized at last, — 
 A weapon from his ambush shoots, and thus 
 The heav'nly pow'rs beseeches with his 
 
 voice : 
 *• Most high of gods, divine Soracte's guard, 
 Apollo, whom we foremost venerate, 1 1 1 1 
 Whose blaze of fir is fuelled by a pile, 
 And we, thy vot'ries, on our holiness 
 Relying, through the centre of the fire 
 Our footsteps plant on plenteous living coal ; 
 Vouchsafe, almighty sire, that this disgrace 
 Be from our arms expunged ! Not stript-oflf 
 
 gear 
 Or trophy of a vanquished maid, or aught 
 Of plunder do I seek. My other feats 
 Shall bring me credit. So that this dread 
 plague, 1 120 
 
 Struck by a wound from me, may fall, un- 
 
 famed 
 I to my native city shall return." 
 Apollo heard, and granted in his soul 
 
 That of the prayer a part should reach its 
 
 end ; 
 A part he scattered to the wingy gales. 
 That he should fell by sudden death the 
 
 mazed 
 Camilla, to the suitor he vouchsafes ; 
 That him, returned, his glorious native land 
 Should see, — he granted not j and [this] 
 
 request 
 The tempests turned away upon the winds. 
 Accordingly, when, from his hand dis- 
 charged, 1 131 
 The lance along the breezes gave a sound, 
 The Volsci all their keen attention bent, 
 And carried towards the queen their eyes. 
 
 She naught 
 Regardful, neither of the breeze, nor sound, 
 Nor of the weapon swooping from the sky ; 
 Till, plunged beneath her bosom bared, the 
 
 lance 
 It stuck, and, driven home, deep drank' her 
 
 maiden blood. 
 Her wildered retinue together haste. 
 And raise their fallen mistress. Arruns flies, 
 Stunned above all with joy and mingled 
 
 fright; 114I 
 
 Nor dares he venture any more to trust 
 His spear, nor meet the weapons of the maid. 
 And as, before the hostile darts pursue. 
 Some famous wolf hath straight to lofty 
 
 mounts, 
 From path aloof, retired, — a shepherd slain 
 Or stately steer, — aware of his bold deed. 
 And, drawing in his tail, that shakes with 
 
 fear, 
 Hath laid it 'neath his paunch, and sought 
 
 the woods : 
 Not otherwise, wild Arruns from their view 
 Removed himself, and satisfied with flight, 
 He mixed him up among the central arms. 
 She, dying, with her hand the bolt with- 
 draws ; 1 153 
 But in her ribs, among the bones, stands 
 
 [fixed] 
 The steely spear-point in the deepsome 
 
 wound. 
 She bloodless sinks ; sink cold in death her 
 
 eyes ; 
 
 1 125. Milton alludes to the same idea : 
 
 " To Heaven their prayers 
 Flew up, nor miss'd the way, by envious winds 
 Blown vagabond or frustrate." 
 
 P. L., b. xi. 14-16. 
 1129. Or: " his voice." 
 
 1 140. " But hollow men, like horses hot at hand. 
 Make gallant show and promise of their mettle ; 
 But when they should endure the bloody spur. 
 They fall their crests, and, like deceitful jades. 
 Sink in the trial." 
 
 Shakespeare, Jtdius Ccesar, iv. 2. 
 
V, 819—851. 
 
 BOOK XL 
 
 V, 851—881* 
 
 J07 
 
 The hue, once rosy, hath her features left. 
 Then, as she dies, she Acca thus accosts, 
 One of her fellows, who before the rest 
 Alone was to Camilla true, with whom 
 She used to share her cares ; and these thus 
 speaks: I I 61 
 
 *' Thus far I, sister Acca, have availed j 
 A bitter wound now brings me to my end, 
 And all in murk is waxing dark around. 
 Fly off, and carry these my last behests 
 To Turnus : to the fight t' advance, and drive 
 The Trojans from thti town. And now fare- 
 well !" 
 At the same instant with these words she 
 
 loosed 
 The reins, as she is sinking to the earth 
 Not of her own free will. Then, cold, by 
 slow degrees 1 1 70 
 
 From her whole body she herself released, 
 And her lithe neck and death-caught head 
 
 laid down. 
 Her arms abandt^ning ; and with a groan 
 The life disdainful flies beneath the shades. 
 Then of a truth past measure, does a cry 
 Arising, strike the golden stars ; the fray 
 More bloody grows, Camilla overthrown ; 
 At once close hurtle all the Teucri's host, 
 And Tuscan chieftains, and Evander's 
 Arcad wings. 
 But long since Opis, Trivia's sentinel. 
 Aloft is sitting on the mountain-tops, 1181 
 And gazing on their tourneys unalarmed. 
 And when afar, amid the yell of youths 
 In frenzy, she Camilla spied, amerced 
 In rueful death, she both gave forth a groan. 
 And heaved these accents from her lowest 
 
 breast : 
 •* Ah ! too, too barbarous a penalty, 
 O maiden, thou hast paid, for having tried 
 The Teucri to provoke in war ! Nor thee, 
 All lonely in the brakes, hath it bestead 
 Diana to have worshipped, or have woni 
 Our quivers on thy shoulder. S till, thy queen 
 Hath not forsaken thee, dishonored, now 
 In death's extremity ; nor this thy end 
 Shall thro' the nations be without renown, 
 Or shalt thou bear the scandal of a maid, 
 Unwreaked ; for whosoe'er by wound pro- 
 faned 1 197 
 Thy body, shall atone by death condign." 
 Beneath a lofty mountain lay immense. 
 The sepulchre of th' old Laurentine king, 
 Dercennus, [fashioned] of a mound of earth, 
 
 7. " Such niby lips, and such a lovely bloom. 
 Disdaining all adult'rate aids of art, 
 Kept a perpetual spring upon her face. 
 As Death himself lamented, being forced 
 To blast it with his paleness." 
 
 Maasinger, The Unnatural Combat, i. 3. 
 
 And bowered by a shadv holm. Here first 
 The passing lovely gwldess plants herself 
 With effort quick, and from the stately tomb 
 Observes she Arruns. When she him 
 
 beheld 1205 
 
 Joying in soul, and venting idle vaunts : 
 '* Why," cries she, *' goest thou off a dif- 
 
 f rent way ? 
 Direct thy footstep hither ; hither come, 
 O [thou who 'rtj doomed to die, that 
 
 guerdons thou 
 Deserving of Camilla may'st receive. 12 lO 
 Shalt thou, too, perish by Diana's shafts ?" 
 She said, and from her quiver, trimmed 
 
 with gold. 
 The Thracian [nymph] drew forth a wingy 
 
 bolt. 
 And, angered, strained the bow, and drew 
 
 it far, 
 Until the ends imbowed together met ; 
 And now with [botli] her hands alike she 
 
 touched, — 
 The sharpened point of th' iron with her 
 
 left,— 
 Her bosom with her right and with the 
 
 string. 
 Forthwith the weapon's whirr and whizzing 
 
 air 
 Together Arruns heard, and in his frame 
 The iron stuck. Him, breathing out [his 
 
 soul], 1 22 1 
 
 And heaving forth his latest groans, his 
 
 mates. 
 Regardless, on the champaign'sunkno^^•n dust 
 Abandon : Opis on her wings away 
 Is wafted to the empyrean heaven. 
 
 First flies, their mistress lost, Camilla's 
 
 wing 
 Light[-armed] ; the Rutulans disordered fly ; 
 Flies fierce Atinas ; and the routed chiefs 
 And companies forlorn seek safe [retreats], 
 And, turned aloof, upon their chargers they 
 Speed to the city. Nor hath one the power 
 With darts to bear the Teucri pressing on. 
 And dealing death, or 'gainst them make a 
 
 stand; 1233 
 
 But on their feeble shoulders bear they off 
 Their bows unstraitened ; and in their career 
 The hoof of horses shakes the movdd'ring 
 
 plain. 
 The agitated dust in pitchy gloom 
 Is volumed to the walls, and from the heights 
 The bosom-strickened dames their woman's 
 
 shout 
 Raise to the stars of heaven. Who in flight 
 Dashed forward first to open gates, — on 
 
 these 1 24 1 
 
 A hostile multitude in jimabled host 
 Is closing : nor escape they dismal death : 
 X 2 
 
3o8 
 
 V. 88i — 894. 
 
 THE AlNEID. 
 
 V. 894—915. 
 
 But in the very threshold, by their native 
 
 walls, 
 And 'mid the shelter of their homes, they, 
 
 pierced. 
 Breathe forth their spirits. Some begin to 
 
 shut the gates ; 
 Nor for their comrades dare to ope a way, 
 Nor take them, craving it, inside the walls ; 
 And slaughter most deplorable begins 
 Of those that guard the passes with their 
 
 arms, 1250 
 
 And those upon [these] arms who rush. [The 
 
 men,] 
 Barred out before their weeping parents' eyes 
 And faces, some, — destruction driving on, — 
 Into the steepy dykes are rolled ; some, 
 
 blind and quick, 
 With slackened bridles batter on the gates 
 And gate-posts, sturdy through a barricade. 
 In utmost rivalry the very dames. 
 From off the wails, (true love of country 
 
 guides,) 
 Like as they saw Camilla, from their hand 
 Throw weapons, flurried, and with stub- 
 born oak, 1260 
 With stakes, and bludgeons, hardened in 
 
 the fire, 
 
 1259. It is by no means easy to see what is the 
 exact force of ut videre Cainillain, v. 892. Of all 
 the views which have been put forward, that is 
 adopted which seems to be the least unsatisfactory ; 
 though ut, in the sense of " like as," would appear 
 to require viderant. Yet Virgil at times employs an 
 unexpected tense. The passage, taken by itself, 
 would at once suggest that Camillam meant the 
 body of Camilla ; but, unfortunately for this view, 
 Diana had already declared to Opis, that she would 
 convey it away on her death. Trapp's answer to 
 this objection is not tenable for a moment It 
 cannot be imagined that the goddess would have 
 allowed the corpse to be carried to the town, before 
 she removed it from public gaze. She declares 
 that after the death of hxtMn^—post — she would 
 bear it to the sepulchre. 
 
 In headlong hurry do they mimic steel, 
 And foremost for their city burn to die. 
 Meanwhile the cruellest intelligence 
 Fills Turnus in the woods, and to the youth 
 Acca announces the prodigious coil : — 
 " Annihilated were the Volscians' lines, 
 Camilla fall'n, the furious foe rush on. 
 And with Mars fav'ring, every [spot] had 
 
 seized ; 
 That terror now was carried to the town." 
 He, frantic, — even thus Jove's fell decrees 
 Require, — abandons the beleaguered hills. 
 Quits the rough woods. He'd scarce gone 
 
 out of sight, 1273 
 
 And gained the plain, when sire ^Eneas, 
 On open passes entered, both surmounts 
 The ridge, and issues from the gloomy grove. 
 Thus both, impetuous, and with all their 
 
 host. 
 Are hurried to the walls, nor stand apart 
 By paces long between them. And as soon 
 As from afar ^neas spied the plains, 1 280 
 Smoking with dust, and saw Laurentum's 
 
 bands. 
 And Turnus fell ^Eneas knew in arms. 
 And heard th' approach of foot and snorts 
 
 of steeds : — 
 They even instantly upon the fights 
 Would enter, and essay encounters, did 
 
 not now 
 His jaded coursers rosy Phoebus dip 
 Within Iberia's gulf, and night restore. 
 The day declining. In their camp they rest 
 Befoie the city, and the walls invest. 
 
 1287. " The gaudy, blabbing, and remorseful day 
 
 Is crept into the bosom of the sea, 
 
 And now loud-howling wolves arouse the jades. 
 
 That drag the tragic melancholy night ; 
 
 Who with their drowsy, slow, and flagging wings 
 
 Clip dead men's graves, and from their misty jaws 
 
 Breathe foul contagious darkness in the air." 
 
 Shakespeare, 2 K. Henry VI., iv. i, 1-7. 
 
 BOOK XII. 
 
 As soon as Turnus sees that, broken down 
 By hostile Mars, the Latins heart had lost ; 
 That his own pledges were exacted now ; 
 That he himself was marked by every 
 
 eye ; — 
 Of his own motion, not to be appeased, 
 He blazes, and his courage raises high. 
 Such-like, as in the Carthaginians' fields 
 
 Line 4. Or, more literally : " marked out by 
 their eyes." 
 
 Some famous lion, by a heavy wound 8 
 From hunters in the bosom stricken, then 
 At length prepares for battle, and delights. 
 Shaking the maned thews upon his neck. 
 And fearless breaks the robber's bolt infixed. 
 And roars with gory mouth : not otherwise 
 
 8, 9. The genitive case is not always possessive 
 in the ordinary sense. Compare venantum vulnere, 
 v. 5, with dojia. Minervce. ^n. ii. 189. 
 
 10. Movet arma, v. 6, is too technical an expres- 
 sion to bear a literal version. 
 
V. 9—40- 
 
 BOOK XII. 
 
 V. 40—56. 
 
 309 
 
 In Tumus, set afire, does fury swell. 
 Then tlius he speaks the king, and so begins 
 In agitation : *' There is no delay 
 In Turnus ; naught [of pretext] is there why 
 The dastard ^tlneads should revoke their 
 
 words. 
 Nor what they've covenanted should decline. 
 To combat do I march. O father bring 20 
 The holy offrings, and do thou draw up 
 The league. I either will with this right hand 
 The Dardan renegade of Asia send 
 'Neath Tart'rus, — let the Latins sit and 
 
 see ! — 
 And singly with the sword will I rebut 
 The universal charge : or let him hold 
 Us conquered ; let Lavinia yield, his bride." 
 
 To him Latinus with a heart composed 
 Replied : ** O youth of spirit rare, as much 
 As in fierce gallantry thou dost excel, 30 
 So much the more devotedly 'tis right 
 That I take thought for thee, and that in fear 
 I weigh all risks. Thy father Daunus' realms 
 Are thine ; towns many, taken by thy hand, 
 Are [thine] : yea, too, both gold and [kindly] 
 
 mind 
 Latinus owneth : other spouseless maids 
 In Latium be, and in Laurentine fields, 
 Nor they unnoble in their pedigree. 
 Allow me, reservations laid aside. 
 To open these, not balmy to be told ; 40 
 This at the same time in thy mind imbibe. 
 To none of former suitors was it right 
 That I my daughter should espouse, and this 
 Did all, both gods and men, pronounce. 
 O'erwhelmed by love of thee, by kindred 
 
 blood 
 O'erwhelmed, and by my mourning consort's 
 
 tears. 
 All ties I burst ; reft from my daughter's 
 
 spouse 
 His fianced [bride] ; ungodly arms took up. 
 What misadventures from that [hour], what 
 
 wars. 
 Pursue me, thou, O Turnus, dost behold ; 
 What grievous travails thou in chief dost 
 
 bear. 5 1 
 
 Twice conquered in the mighty fray, we 
 
 scarce 
 Italia's hopes within the city guard ; 
 With blood of ours still warm are Tiber's 
 
 streams. 
 And spacious plains are bleaching with our 
 
 bones. 
 Whither am I so often driven back ? 
 What frenzy shifts my mind ? If, Tumus 
 
 dead, 
 I'm ready to invite them as allies, 
 Why do I not the rather, while he's safe. 
 Remove disputes ? What will the Rutulans, 
 
 My kinsfolk, what the rest of Italy say, 61 
 Should I, — may Fortune give my words the 
 
 lie !— 
 Have thee betrayed to death, while thou 
 
 dost woo 
 My daughter and the nuptial link with us ? 
 Reflect upon the diverse haps in war ; 
 Have pity on thy ag^d sire, whom now, 
 In woe, his native Ardea severs far 
 [From us]." In no wise is the vehemence 
 Of Tumus by his language swayed : he 
 
 swells 
 The more, and in the curing waxes sick. 70 
 As soon as he could speak, he thus began 
 From out his lip: "What care on my account 
 Thou entertainest,this, most worthy [prince] 
 For my sake, I beseech thee, lay aside. 
 And suffer me to barter death for praise. 
 We, too, O father, darts and no weak steel 
 Scatter from our right hand, and from the 
 
 wound 
 Of our [infliction] follows blood. From him 
 His goddess-mother will be far, who screens 
 A runagate within a woman-cloud, 80 
 
 And shrouds him over with her empty 
 
 shades." 
 But, at the novel posture of the fray 
 The queen affrighted wept, and, death-pre- 
 pared. 
 Her daughter's fiery spouse she held : ** O 
 
 Tumus, I 
 Of thee, by these my tears, by reverence 
 
 75. " Behold in awful march, and dread array. 
 The long-extended squadrons shape their way ! 
 Death, in approaching terrible, imparts 
 An anxious horror to the bravest hearts ; 
 Yet do their beating breasts demand the strife. 
 And thirst of glory quells the love of life." 
 
 Addison, The Campaign. 
 
 79. Wagner considers that the clause qvce .... 
 umbris, refers to the thoughts of ^neas ; which is, 
 no doubt, true in the main : but it is evident that 
 some of the terms express the feelings of the speaker 
 himself. If the view taken in the version is right, 
 the passage may be thus paraphrased : 
 
 We too, my father, can wield weapons, and 
 launch no puny darts ; our swords can draw blood 
 as well as theirs. As to this goddess-mother, (of 
 whom yEneas prates,) we need be under no appre- 
 hension from her, — she will be far enough away 
 from him ( — for his mother is no goddess at all : the 
 whole story is a mere fable). We need not be 
 alarmed (whether he fancies or affects) that she 
 will protect him ( — runaway that he is !) by a cloud, 
 (—shame upon the soldier that looks to a female 
 for aid in war ! — ) and muffle him up in shades 
 (which, we know full well, arc all fictitious). 
 
 85. " Oh, I can't bear this cold contempt of death I 
 
 This rigid virtue, that prefers your glory 
 
 To liberty or life. O cruel man ! 
 
 By these sad sighs, by these poor streaming eyes. 
 
 By that dear love that makes us now unhappy. 
 
 By the near danger of that precious life. 
 
 Heaven knows 1 value much above my own r— 
 
3IO 
 
 V. 56 — 67. 
 
 THE jENEID. 
 
 V. 67—74. 
 
 For thy Amata, if doth any touch 
 Thy spirit, — thou art now the single hope, 
 Thou art the peace, of my unhappy eld ; 
 Latinus' dignity and sovereign sway 
 Are in thy hands ; our falling house on thee 
 All leans : — this single [favor] do I crave : 
 Forbear with Trojans to engage thy hand. 
 Whatever chances in that strife wait thee. 
 Wait me, too, Turnus. I with thee will leave 
 These hated lights, nor consort of my child 
 Will I, a captived [dame], ^neas see." 96 
 Lavinia listened to her mother's voice. 
 With tears besprinkled o'er her glowing 
 
 cheeks ; 
 In whom a plenteous blushing raised a fire, 
 And through her heated lineaments careered. 
 As if with ruddy purple should some [hand] 
 
 What ! Not yet mov'd ! Are you resolv'd on death ? 
 Then, ere 'tis night, I swear by all the powers. 
 This steel shall end my fears and life together." 
 Smith, Phcsdra and Hippolytus, act ii. 
 
 92. " Forbear, Demetrius, 'tis Aspasia calls thee ; 
 Thy love, Aspasia, calls ; restrain thy sword ; 
 Nor rush on useless wounds with idle courage." 
 Johnson, Irene, v. 4. 
 
 98. " With that adowne out of her christall eyne 
 New trickling teares she softly forth let fall. 
 That like two orient perles did purely shyne 
 Upon her snowy cheeke." 
 
 Spenser, of Florimell, F. Q., iii. 7, 9. 
 
 " The godlike maid, awhile all silent stood, 
 
 And down to th' earth let fall her humble eyes ; 
 While modest thoughts shot up the flaming blood. 
 
 Which fir'd her scarlet cheek with rosy dyes : 
 But soon to quench the heat, that lordly reigns. 
 From her fair eye a show'r of crystal rains. 
 Which with his silver streams o'erruns the beau- 
 teous plains." P. Fletcher, Purple Island, xi. 10. 
 
 The following extract but partly applies to the 
 case of the unhappy Lavinia ; but it is altogether a 
 most beautiful passage : 
 " Her eye did seem to labour with a tear, 
 , Which suddenly took birth, but, overweigh'd 
 With its own swelling, dropp'd upon her bosom. 
 Which, by reflection of her light, appear'd 
 As nature meant her sorrow for an ornament. 
 After, her looks grew cheerful, and I saw 
 A smile shoot graceful upward from her eyes. 
 As they had gain'd a victory o'er grief. 
 And with it many beams twisted themselves, 
 Upon whose golden threads the angels walk 
 To and again from heaven." 
 
 Shirley, The Brothers, i. i. 
 
 " In tears your beauteous daughter drowns her 
 
 sight. 
 Silent as dews that fall in dead of night." 
 
 Dryden, The Indian Emperor, iii. 3. 
 
 99. " The bashfull blood her snowy cheekes did 
 dye. 
 
 That her became, as polisht yvory. 
 
 Which cunning craftesman hand hath overlayd 
 
 With fayre vermillion or pure castory." 
 
 Spenser, F. Q., ii. 9, 41. 
 
 "'Tis beauty truly blent, whose red and white 
 Nature's own sweet and cunning hand laid on." 
 Shakespeare, Twelfth Night, i. 5. 
 
 Have stained the ivory of Ind ; or when 
 Blush snowy lilies, blent with many a rose : 
 Such hues the dam.sel on her visage raised. 
 Him love confounds, and fastens he his looks 
 Upon the maid ; he burns for arms the more, 
 And speaks in few Amata : "Do not, pray. 
 Do not with tears, nor such a grave presage, 
 Attend me, O my mother, as I go 
 To the encounters of relentless Mars ; 1 10 
 
 103. •' The lilly in the field. 
 
 That glories in his white. 
 For purenesse now must yeeld. 
 And render up his right. 
 
 Heauen, pictur'd in her face. 
 Doth promise ioy and grace. 
 
 " Faire Cynthiaes siluer light. 
 
 That beates on running streames. 
 Compares not with her white, 
 Whose haires are all sun-beames. 
 So bright my Nimph doth shine. 
 As day unto my eyne. 
 
 " With this there is a red 
 
 Exceedes the damaske-rose. 
 Which in her cheekes is spred. 
 Whence euery fauor growes. 
 In skie there is no starre. 
 But she surmounts it farre. 
 
 " When Phoebus from the bed 
 Of Thetis doth arise. 
 The morning blushing red. 
 In faire carnation wise. 
 
 He shewes in my Nimphs face 
 As queene of euery grace. 
 
 " This pleasant lilly white. 
 This taint of roseate red. 
 This Cynthiaes siluer light. 
 This sweet faire Dea spred. 
 
 These sim-beames in mine eye, — 
 These beauties make me die." 
 Earle of Oxenforde, in Englatid' s Helicon. 
 
 " O ruddier than the cherry ! 
 O sweeter than the berry ! 
 O Nymph more bright 
 Than moonshine night. 
 Like kidlings blithe and merry ! 
 
 Ripe as the melting cluster, ' 
 
 No lily has such lustre." 
 
 Gay, Acis and Galatea. 
 
 105. " do not wanton with those eyes. 
 Lest I be sick of seeing ; 
 Nor cast them down, but let them rise, 
 Lest shame destroy their being. 
 
 " O be not angry with those fires. 
 
 For then their threats will kill me : 
 Nor look too kind on my desires, 
 For then my hopes will spill me. 
 
 " do not steep them in thy tears. 
 For so will sorrow slay me : 
 Nor spread them as distract with fears : 
 Mine own enough betray me." 
 Ben Jonson, Underwoods, Miscellaneous 
 Foetus, ii. 
 " Who can but doat on this humility, 
 That sweetens, — Lovely in her tears ! — The 
 
 fetters. 
 That seem'd to lessen in their weight but now. 
 By this grow heavier on me." 
 
 Massinger, The Unnatural Combat, iv. i. 
 
V. 74—95- 
 
 BOOK XIL 
 
 V. 95— ii4« 
 
 3xr 
 
 For death's delay is not to Tumus free. 
 Do thou, O herald Idmon, carry forth 
 Unto the Phrygian despot these my words, 
 That are not doomed to please : * When first, 
 In heaven of to-morrow wafted on 
 Upon her purplish wheels, Aurora shall 
 
 blush, 
 'Gainst Rutulans let him not Teucri lead ; 
 Let Trojans' anus, and Rutuli repose ; 
 By our own blood the war let us decide ; 
 The bride Lavinia on that plain be sought.' " 
 These words when uttered he, and quick 
 
 withdrew I2I 
 
 Within the palace, he demands his steeds, 
 And joys in gazing on them as they neigh 
 Before his eyes ; which Orithyia's self 
 Presented as an honorable gift 
 To [sire] Pilumnus, such as might surpass 
 The snows in whiteness, in career the gales. 
 Round stand officious grooms, and stimulate 
 Their bosoms, patted with their hollow 
 
 hands. 
 And comb their man^d necks. Then he 
 
 himself 130 
 
 Around his shoulders dons his coat of mail, 
 W' ith gold and sheeny orichalcum crisp ; 
 At the same time for service does he fit 
 His falchion e'en, and buckler, and the 
 
 cones 
 Of his encrimsoned plume ; the falchion, 
 
 which 
 The deity, [who reigns] the lord of fire, 
 Himself had for his father Daunus forged. 
 And plunged it, glowing, in the Stygian 
 
 wave. 
 Next seizes he with force his sturdy spear, 
 Which, resting on a giant pillar, stood 140 
 Amid the dome, Auruncan Actor's spoil. 
 And shakes it quiv'ring, lifting up his voice : 
 
 122. Glover, of Xerxes' chariot and horses : 
 " The monarch will'd ; and suddenly he heard 
 His trampling hurses. High on silver wheels 
 The iv'ry car with azure sapphires shone. 
 Cerulean beryls, and the jasper green, 
 The emerald, the ruby's glowing blush. 
 The flaming topaz with its golden beam. 
 The pearl, th' empurpled amethyst, and all 
 The various gems, which India's mines afford 
 To deck the pomp of kings. In burnish"d gold 
 A sculptur'd eagle from behind display'd 
 His stately neck, and o'er the royal head 
 Outstretch'd his dazzling wings. Eight gen 'reus 
 
 steeds. 
 Which on the fam'd Nissean plain were nurs'd 
 In wintry Media, drew the radiant car." 
 
 Leonideu, b. iv. 
 
 134, 5, " Diomedon 
 
 Led on the slaughter. From his nodding crest 
 The sable plumes shook terrour. Asia's host 
 Shrunk back, as blasted by the piercing beams 
 Of that unconquerable sword, which fell 
 With lightning's swiftness on dissever'd helms." 
 Ibid., b. V. 
 
 •• Now, O thou spear, that never balked my 
 
 calls, 
 The time is now at hand j thee [wielded] 
 
 once 
 Thrice gallant Actor ; wields thee the right 
 
 hand 
 Of Tumus now : vouchsafe me low to lay 
 The body of this Phrygian, half a man, 
 And rend with stalwart hand his wrenched 
 
 mail. 
 And in the dust his tresses to defile, 
 With heated iron curled, and soaked in 
 
 myrrh." 150 
 
 By these his frenzies he is hounded on ; 
 And from the burning [warrior's] face 
 
 throughout 
 Sparks fly ; fire flashes from his furious eyes. 
 As when tremendous bellowings the bull 
 Wakes for the first encounters, and essays 
 His anger to concentrate in his horns, 
 Against some tree-bole butting, and the 
 
 winds 
 Provokes with thrusts, and with the scat- 
 tered sand 
 Beforehand practises against the fray. 
 
 Nor less, meanwhile in his maternal arms 
 Ferocious does .^neas sharpen Mars, i6l 
 And rouse himself with wrath, rejoicing o'er 
 The war's adjustment through the proffered 
 
 league. 
 His comrades then, and sad lulus' fear. 
 He comforts, teaching them the fates ; and 
 
 bids 
 To king Latinus envoys to return 
 His sure replies, and name the terms of 
 
 peace. 
 Next Dawn arisen scarce besprent with 
 
 light 
 The mountain-tops, when first upraise their 
 
 forms 
 
 153. " Dauntless on his native sands 
 
 The dragon-son of Mona stands ; 
 In glittering arms and glory drest. 
 High he rears his ruby crest. 
 There the thundering strokes begin. 
 There the press, and there the dm ; 
 Talymafra's rocky shore 
 Echoing to the battle's roar ; 
 Where his glowing eye-balls turn. 
 Thousand banners round him bum." 
 
 Gray, The Triumphs of Otoen. 
 
 168, 9. " And now the taller sons (whom Titan 
 
 warns) 
 Of unshorn mountains, blown with easy winds. 
 Dandled the morning's childhood in their arms." 
 
 Giles Fletcher, Christ's Trinntfh after 
 Death, st. 3. 
 " The Summer Sunne hath guildcd faire 
 With morning rayes the mouniaines ; 
 The birds doe ciroll m the ayrc, 
 And naked Nimphs in fountuincs." 
 Theorello, by E. Bolton, in England s lUlicon. 
 
312 
 
 V. 114 — 129. 
 
 THE yENETD. 
 
 V. 129 — 162. 
 
 From the deep gulf the horses of the Sun, 
 And forth from lifted nostrils breathe 
 
 the light : — 171 
 
 A field for their encounter, underneath 
 The stately city's walls, both Rutulan 
 And Trojan warriors having meted out. 
 Arranged it ; and, within the centre, hearths 
 And turfy altars to their common gods. 
 Others alike spring-water brought and fire. 
 In apron mantled, and upon their brows 
 With vervain garlanded. There marches 
 
 forth 
 A legion of Ausonia's denizens, 180 
 
 And javelined brigads |'pour from crowded 
 
 gates. 
 Here all the Trojan and Tyrrhenian host 
 Swoops on in motley arms, equipped in steel, 
 Not otherwise than if the cruel fight 
 Of Mars should call. Moreover, in the midst 
 Of thousands do the generals themselves 
 Flit to and fro, in gold and purple graced ; — 
 E'en Mnestheus, offspring of Assaracus, 
 And brave Asylas, and Messapus [too]. 
 Of steeds the tamer, Neptune's son. And 
 
 when, 190 
 
 " From the red wave rising bright, 
 Lift on high thy golden head ; 
 O'er the misty mountains spread 
 Thy smiling rays of orient light !" 
 
 Langhorne, Hymn to the Rising Sun. 
 
 170, &c. " Hark ! hark ! the watchful chanticler 
 Tells us the day's bright harbinger 
 Peeps o'er the eastern hills, to awe, 
 And warn night's sovereign to withdraw. 
 
 " The morning curtains now are drawn. 
 And now appears the blushing dawn ; 
 Aurora has her roses shed. 
 To strew the way Sol's steeds must tread. 
 
 " Xanthus and iEthon harness'd are. 
 To roll away the burning car, 
 And, snorting flame, impatient bear 
 The dressing of the charioteer." 
 
 Charles Cotton, The Morni7ig Quatrains, 4-6. 
 
 " Till, as a giant strong, a bridegroom gay. 
 The Sun springs dancing thro' the gates of day ; 
 He shakes his dewy locks, and hurls his beams 
 O'er the proud hills, and down the glowing 
 
 streams. 
 His fiery coursers bound above the main. 
 And whirl the car along th' ethereal plain : 
 The fiery coursers and the car display 
 A stream of glory, and a flood of day." 
 
 Broome, Paraphrase on Joh. 
 
 " For see, fair Thetis hath undone the bars 
 To Phoebus' team ; and his unrivall'd light 
 Hath chas'd the morning's modest blush away." 
 J. Fletcher, 7'he Woman- Hater, i. i. 
 
 187. " All furnish'd, all in arms. 
 
 All plum'd like estridges that wing the wind. 
 Bated like eagles having lately bath'd ; 
 Glittering in golden coats like images ; 
 As full of spirit as the month of May, 
 And gorgeous as the sun at midsummer." 
 
 Shakespeare, i K. Henry IV., iv. i. 
 
 The signal given, to their posts hath each 
 Withdrawn, down plunge they in the earth 
 
 their spears. 
 And rest their shields. Then, pouring forth 
 
 in zeal. 
 Dames, and th' unweaponed rout, and weak 
 
 old men. 
 Of tow'rs and houses' roofs possession seized: 
 The others by the stately portals take their 
 
 stand. 
 But Juno from the eminence, which now 
 Is Alban called, — then neither name at- 
 tached. 
 Nor dignity, or glory, to the mount ; — 
 Gazing abroad, was poring on the field, 200 
 And both Laurentines' and the Trojans' lines, 
 And city of Latinus. In a trice 
 On this wise Turnus' sister she addressed, — 
 The deity — a goddess, who presides 
 O'er standing waters and the booming 
 
 floods : — 
 This dignity on her the lofty king 
 Of th' Empyrean, Jove, for maidhood reft 
 Bestowed: — "Nymph, pride of rivers, of 
 
 my soul 
 Chief favorite, thou know'st that thee alone 
 To all [the maids], whoe'er of Latian [birth] 
 Have mounted high-souled Jove's offensive 
 
 bed, 211 
 
 I have preferred, and in a share of heaven 
 Have freely placed thee : O Juturna, learn, — 
 That thou mayst not upbraid me, — thy own 
 
 woe. 
 Where Fortune seemed to suffer it, and 
 
 Fates 
 Allowed affairs with Latium to advance, 
 I Turnus and thy city have bescreened. 
 The youth now see I with unequal fates 
 Engaging, and the day and hostile power 
 Of Fates approaches. Not this fight, not 
 
 leagues, 220 
 
 View can I with mine eyes. Do thou, if thou 
 Dost aught more ready for thy brother's sake 
 Adventure, go ; it thee beseems : perchance 
 Th' unfortunate will better [fates] attend." 
 She scarcely these, when eye- drops from her 
 
 eyes 
 Outpoured Juturna, and three times and four 
 She smote her dainty bosom with her hand. 
 " This," cries Saturnian Juno, " is no time 
 For tears : haste, and, if any means there be, 
 Thy brother snatch from death ; or wars do 
 
 thou 230 
 
 Awake, and shatter their concerted league : 
 The instigator of thy daring I." 
 Thus having urged, she left her in suspense, 
 And troubled by a woeful wound of soul. 
 
 Meanwhile the kings, — Latinus, of a frame 
 Gigantic, in a four-horse car is borne, 
 
V. i62 — 191. 
 
 BOOK XII. 
 
 V. 191 — 214. 
 
 313 
 
 Whose sheeny brows around twice six gilt 
 
 beams, 
 The token of his ancestor the Sun, 
 Encircle ; — Turnus in a chariot goes, 
 With twain white coursers, swaying in his 
 hand 240 
 
 Two javelins with broad steel. From th' 
 
 other side 
 The sire /Eneas, source of Roma's race, 
 Blazing in starry shield and heav'nly arms, 
 And by his side Ascanius, second hope 
 Of mighty Rome, march forward from the 
 
 camp ; 
 And in a spotless garment did the priest 
 Bring up the youngling of a bristly swine, 
 A ewe-lamb too unshorn, of two years old. 
 And to the flaring altars led the beasts. 
 They, with their eyes turned towards the 
 rising sun, 250 
 
 Present the salted meal within their hands, 
 And with the steel the victims' temple-tips 
 They mark, and drench the altars Irom the 
 
 bowls. 
 Then good ^neas, with his falchion drawn. 
 Thus prays : "Be witness now, O Sun, for 
 
 me, 
 Who call upon thee, and this Land, for 
 
 whom 
 Such grievous toils have I availed to bear ; 
 And, O almighty father, and O thou 
 Saturnian consort, now more placable. 
 Now, goddess, I entreat; and thou, famed 
 Mars, 260 
 
 Who every war, O sire, 'neath thy decree 
 Dost bend ; on Springs, too, and on Floods I 
 
 call ; 
 And what the Sanctity in Air aloft, 
 And what the Pow'rs be in the azure 
 
 Deep : — 
 If conquest shall to Auson Turnus chance 
 To fall, it is agreed the conquered [side] 
 Shall to Evander's city draw away ; 
 lulus from [these] regions shall retire j 
 Nor shall thereafter the yEnean sons. 
 Renewing warfare, any arms repeat, 270 
 Or vex these realms with steel. But if 
 
 to us 
 Shall Conquest signify that Mars is ours, — 
 As I the rather deem, and may the gods 
 The rather stablish it by their decree ! — 
 I will not either on Italians call 
 The Trojans to obey, nor do I seek 
 Their kingdoms for myself. On equal terms 
 Let both unconquered nations meet for 
 leagues, 
 
 253. It b very doubtful that the poet contem- 
 pKited any difference between aris, v. 171, and 
 altaria, v. 174, though he unquestionably contrasts 
 the terms in Eel. v. 56. 
 
 Unending. Holy rites and gods I'll give ; 
 Arms let my consort's sire L^tinus hold ; 
 My consort's sire his customary rule. 281 
 For me the Teucri shall my walls construct. 
 And to my town Lavinia deign her name." 
 iEneas thus the foremost [spake] ; thus next 
 Latinus follows, looking up to heaven. 
 And stretches forth his right hand to the 
 
 stars : 
 "iEneas, by these same, Land, Ocean, 
 
 Stars, 
 I swear, and by Latona's twin descent, 
 And Janus double-faced, and hellish power 
 Of deities, and by the hallowed courts 290 
 Of ruthless Dis ; may these the father hear, 
 Who with his levin ratifieth leagues ! 
 I touch the altars ; I the central fires 
 And deities to witness take j no day, 
 Upon th' Italians' part, this peace, or league 
 Shall rupture, howsoe'er events shall fall ; 
 Nor shall there any force with my consent 
 Warp me ; — no, if it should outpour the land 
 Upon the waves, in deluge blending it, 
 And crumble into Tartarus the heaven. 300 
 As this my sceptre," (for in his right hand 
 His sceptre wielded he by chance,) ** shall 
 
 ne'er 
 Shoot forth with filmy leafage sprays nor 
 
 shades, 
 Since once within the forests, lopped away 
 From lowest stem, its parent [tree] it lacks. 
 And down hath laid through steel its leaves 
 
 and sprigs ; 
 Erstwhile a sapling ; now the craftsman's 
 
 hand 
 Hath prisoned it in ornamental bronze, 
 And giv'n it to the Latin sires to bear." 
 In suchlike words between them they the 
 
 leagues 310 
 
 Established 'mid the nobles' presence. Then, 
 Duly devote, beasts stab they for the blaze. 
 
 279. The poet intends his hero to be distinguished 
 for religion : how far the man, who treated the 
 unfortunate Dido as he did, was suited for an apostle, 
 or a model, is another consideration. 
 
 292. This mention of Jove's thunder may refer 
 to the vengeance he would take on perjury : so the 
 Queen in Fletcher's Queen of Corinth : 
 
 " May the gods. 
 That look into king's actions, smile upon 
 The league we have concluded ; and their justice 
 Find me out to revenge it, if I break 
 One article." Act i. 3. 
 
 290. " Hence, in old dusky time, a deluge came : 
 When the deep-cleft disparting orb, that arch'd 
 The central waters round, impetuous rush'd. 
 With universal burst, into the gulph. 
 And o'er the high-pil'd hills of fractur'd earth 
 Wide dash'd the waves, in undulation vast : 
 Till, from the centre to the streaming clouds, 
 A shoreless ocean tumbled round the globe. ** 
 Thomson, Sprt'ng. 
 
314 
 
 V. 214 — 245- 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 245—265. 
 
 And draw the bowels from them while alive, 
 And pile the altars with the chargers heaped. 
 
 But to the Rutuli, sooth, long erewhile 
 Unfair appeared that combat, and their 
 
 breasts 
 With changeable emotion are tm-moiled ; 
 The more so then, when closer they contend 
 With pow'rs unequal. Helps [this state of 
 
 soul] 
 Turnus advancing with a silent gait, 320 
 And th' altar worshipping with downcast 
 
 eye 
 In prayerful posture ; and his sunken cheeks. 
 The wanness, too, throughout his youthful 
 
 frame. 
 Which disputation soon as e'er Juturn, 
 His sister, saw gain ground, and wavering 
 The populace's tluctuating hearts : 
 Upon the centre of the troops, in shape 
 To Gamers likened; — [one,] to whom be- 
 longed 
 A noble lineage from his ancestors, 
 And, from the valor of a father [gained], 
 A brilliant name, and he himself in arms 331 
 Thrice-gallant ; — on the centre of the troops 
 She flings her, of their state not unaware, 
 And sundry rumors sows, and speaks the 
 
 like: 
 ** Doth it not shame you, O ye Rutuli, 
 For all, his like, a single life t' expose ! 
 In count or powers are we not their peers ? 
 Lo ! these are all, — as well the men of Troy, 
 As the Arcadians, and the fateful band, 
 Etruria, — in hostility to Turnus. If 340 
 We should, each second man of us, engage, 
 Scarce an antagonist have we. He, sooth, 
 To heav'nly powers, for whose altars he 
 Devotes himself, shall in renown advance, 
 And deathless through the mouths [of men] 
 
 be noised : 
 We, — country lost, — shall haughty lords be 
 
 forced 
 T' obey, [we,] who are idly seated now 
 Upon the fields." The feeling of the youths 
 By suchlike words is fired now more and 
 
 more, 
 And through the troops a murmur creeps : 
 
 e'en changed 350 
 
 Are the Laurentines, e'en the Latins too. 
 Those, who erewhile were hoping for them- 
 selves 
 Repose from fight, and safety for the state, 
 Now wish for arms, and pray the league 
 
 unmade, 
 And feel compassion at th' unrighteous lot 
 Of Turnus. To these [thoughts] Juturna adds 
 Another greater [stimulant], and gives 
 A signal from the height of heav'n, than 
 
 which 
 
 None troubled more effectively the minds 
 Of th' Itali, and by its ill portent 360 
 
 Deceived. For, flying in the ruddy sky, 
 Jove's tawny bird was chasing fowls of shore, 
 And noisy bevy of the winged host ; 
 When, swooping in a trice upon the waves, 
 The felon trusses with his hooky claws 
 A peerless swan. Th' Italians roused their 
 
 souls. 
 And all the birds with screaming wheel their 
 
 flight,— 
 A marvel to be seen ! — and with their wings 
 Bedim the sky, and, forming in a cloud. 
 The foe they harass thro' the air, until 3 70 
 O'erwhelmed by force and by his very load. 
 The bird gave way, and from his talons 
 
 dashed 
 His quarry in the stream, and flew afar 
 Into the clouds. Then sooth Rutulians greet 
 The omen with a cheer, and hands prepare ; 
 And first Tolumnius the augur cries : 
 '* 'Twas this, this, what with prayers I often 
 
 sought : 
 I welcome it, and recognise the gods. 
 With me, with me, your leader, seize the 
 
 sword, 
 O wretched, whom a felon foreigner 380 
 Thro' battle strikes with fear, as weakly birds, 
 And ravages with violence your coasts. 
 To flight shall he resort, and set his sails 
 Afar upon the deep. With one consent 
 Do ye compact your squadrons, and your 
 
 king, 
 
 365. " A cast of haggard falcons, by me mann'd, 
 Eying the prey at first, appear as if 
 They did turn tail ; but with their labouring wings 
 Getting above her, with a thought their pinions 
 Cleaving the purer element, make in. 
 And by turns bind with her ;* the frighted fowl. 
 Lying at her defence upon her back. 
 With her dreadful beak, awhile defers her death." 
 Massinger, The Guardian. 
 
 370. " Have you not seen, when, whistled from the 
 fist, 
 Some falcon stoops at what her eye design'd. 
 And with her eagerness the quarry miss'd. 
 
 Straight flies at check, and clips it down the 
 wind? 
 
 " The dastard crow, that to the wood made wing. 
 
 And sees the groves no shelter can afford. 
 
 With her loud kaws her craven kind does bring. 
 
 Who safe in numbers cuff the noble bird." 
 
 Dryden, Atimis Mirabilis, 86, 7. 
 
 Spenser somewhat differently : 
 " Like as a goshauke, that in foote doth beare 
 A trembling culver, having spide on hight 
 An eagle that with plumy wings doth sheare 
 The subtile ayre stouping with all his might, 
 The quarrey throwes to ground with fell despight." 
 F. Q., iii. 7, 39. 
 
 * " Bind with her ;" a term in falconry, mean- 
 ing to seize. See Gifford's note. 
 
V. 265 — 298. 
 
 BOOK KIT, 
 
 V. 298—323. 
 
 3»5 
 
 Reft from you, in the battle guard." He said, 
 And on the foes confronted to him hurled 
 A javelin, as he forward runs. A twang 
 Emits the whirring comeil, and the air 389 
 Unerring cuts. At once this [feat is done], 
 At once a mighty shout, — and all the rows 
 Are troubled, and with turmoil heated be 
 Their hearts. The flying spear, as by a chance 
 Nine brothers' fairest forms against it stood, — 
 Whom had, so many, one true Tyrrhene wife 
 Borne to Gylippus [ofj Arcadian [line]; — 
 Of these, one at the midrifT, where the belt, 
 With stitches joined, is by his stomach 
 
 chafed. 
 And gripes a brooch the meetings of its 
 
 ends, — 
 A youth preeminent in comeliness, 400 
 And beaming arms; — transpierces in the 
 
 ribs, 
 And flings him forward on the golden sand. 
 Yet do the brotherhood, — a mettled troop. 
 And fired by grief, — with hands some draw 
 
 their swords. 
 Some clutch the missive steel, and blindly 
 
 rush : 
 'Gainst whom the bands of the Laurentines 
 
 dash 
 Amain. Next Trojans overflow in crowds 
 Once more, and Agyllini, Arcads too, 
 With their bepainted arms. Thus one desire 
 Holds all, — the strife to settle with the steel. 
 They've sacked the altars ; all through 
 
 heav'n there shoots 411 
 
 A rageful hurricane of darts, and down 
 An iron shower sluices ; bowls alike 
 And hearths they carry off. Latinus' self 
 Decamps, conveying back his outraged gods. 
 The league dissolved. Their chariots others 
 
 yoke. 
 Or mount them with a vault upon their 
 
 steeds. 
 And with their falchions drawn do they ap- 
 pear. 
 Messapus, eager to upset the league, 
 With his confronted charger scares away 
 A king, and wearing th' emblem of a king, 
 Tyrrhene Aulestes : he retreating falls. 
 And on the altars, planted in his way 423 
 Behind him, he, the pitiable [man] 
 Is on his head and shoulders tossed abroad. 
 But hot flies up Messapus with a lance. 
 And with his beamy weapon from above, 
 Aloft upon his horse, as many a prayer 
 He offers, sorely smites him, and thus 
 
 speaks : 
 *' He has it ! to the mighty gods is given 
 This richer sacrifice." Together run 431 
 The Itali, and strip his tepid limbs. 
 To meet [the foeman] Coryn^us grasps 
 
 A brand from off the altar partly burnt, 
 And with the flames the face of Ebusus 
 Assails he, as he comes and aims a blow. 
 Gleamed his huge beard, and, singed, gave 
 
 forth a scent. 
 The other, following on, with his left hand 
 The tresses of the wildered foeman grasps, 
 And, leaning on him with imbedded knee, 
 He rivets him to earth : in such a plight 
 He smites his side with his unbending blade. 
 On Alsus, shepherd, and in foremost line 
 While dashing through the darts, with 
 
 naked sword 444 
 
 Does Podalirius, dogging him, o'erhang : 
 With axe drawn back the middle brow and 
 
 chin 
 Of his antagonist he rives apart. 
 And wide his armor dews with spattered 
 
 gore. 
 Stern rest and steely slumber press his eyes ; 
 Their orbs are sealed for everlasting night. 
 But good yEneas stretched out his right 
 
 hand, 451 
 
 Unweaponed, with uncovered head, and 
 
 called 
 His [comrades] with the outcry : "Whither 
 
 rush? 
 Or what that sudden strife that rises up ? 
 O curb your anger ! Now the league is 
 
 struck, 
 And all its terms arranged. The right t' 
 
 engage 
 Is mine alone : let me ; and banish fears. 
 The leagues will I make stable with my 
 
 hand ; 
 These holy rites now Tumus owe to me," 
 Amid these accents, right amid such words, 
 Lo ! to the hero whizzing on its wings 461 
 There flew an arrow; — doubtful by what 
 
 hand 
 'Twas driven, by what whirling power shot ; 
 What, — whether accident or god, — renown 
 So high may to the Rutulans have brought 
 
 449. Gray uses the same metaphor : 
 " Hie thee hence, and boast at home. 
 That never shall inquirer come 
 To break my iron sleep again 
 Till Lok has burst his tenfold chain." 
 
 The Descent 0/ Odin, end. 
 
 450. " The sun sets on my fortune, red and bloody. 
 And everlasting night begins to close me : 
 'Tis time to die." 
 
 J. Fletcher, The Double Marriage, iv. 3, 
 
 462. " Anone one sent out of the thicket neare 
 A cruell shaft headed with deadly ill. 
 And fethered with an unlucky quill : 
 The wicked Steele stayd not till it did Keht 
 In his left thijrh, and decpclv did it thrill. 
 Exceeding gnefc that wound in him empight. 
 
 But more that with his foes he could not come to 
 fight." Spenser, F. Q., iii. 5, aa 
 
3i6 
 
 V. 322 — 336. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 336—355. 
 
 The credit of the noted deed is sunk ; 
 Nor vaunted any in yEneas' wound. 
 Turnus, as soon as he -rEneas saw 
 Withdrawing from the army, and the chiefs 
 Confounded, glowing burns with sudden 
 
 hope. 470 
 
 He calls at once for horses and for arms, 
 And with a bound proud springs upon his 
 
 car, 
 And manages the reins in his own hands, 
 Hov'ring around, he many a gallant frame 
 Of heroes gives to death ; rolls many o'er 
 Half-dead, or 'neath his chariot grinds the 
 
 troops, 
 Or lances, seized, pours on them as they flee. 
 As when, aroused by icy Hebrus' streams, 
 The bloody Mavors clatters with his shield. 
 And, kindling wars, lets loose his fuming 
 
 steeds : 480 
 
 They on the open champaign Southern gales 
 And Western breeze outfly : the farthest 
 
 Thrace 
 Groans with the tramping of their feet ; 
 
 and round 
 The features of grim Fear, and Wrath, and 
 
 Stratagem, 
 
 469. Turnus was unfortunately too sanguine. 
 Glover beautifully illustrates Artemisia's retreat : 
 " With her last effort whelming, as she steer'd. 
 One Grecian more beneath devouring waves. 
 Retreats illustrious. So in trails of light 
 To Night's embrace departs the golden Sun, 
 Still in remembrance shining ; none believe 
 His rays impair'd, none doubt his rise again 
 In wonted splendour to emblaze the sky." 
 
 Athenaid, b. vi. 
 
 479. •" Devouring War, imprison'd in the North, 
 Shall at our call in horrid pomp break forth. 
 And when, his chariot wheels with thunder hung, 
 Fell Discord braying with her brazen tongue. 
 Death in the van, with Anger, Hate, and Fear, 
 And Desolation stalking in the rear. 
 Revenge, by Justice guided, in his train. 
 He drives impetuous o'er the trembling plain," &c. 
 Collins, The Prophecy of Famine. 
 
 484. " Thou, to whom the world unknown 
 With all its shadowy shapes is shown ; 
 Who seest appall'd th' unreal scene. 
 While Fancy lifts the veil between : 
 Ah, Fear ! ah, frantic Fear ! 
 I see, I see thee near. 
 I know thy hurried step, thy haggard eye ! 
 Like thee I start, like thee disorder'd fly ; 
 For, lo ! what monsters in thy train appear ! 
 Danger, whose limbs of giant mould 
 What mortal eye can fixt behold ? 
 Who stalks his round, a hideous form. 
 Howling amidst the midnight storm, 
 Or throws him on the ridgy steep 
 Of some loose hanging rock to sleep ; 
 And with him thousand phantoms join'd, 
 Who prompt to deeds accurs'd the mind : 
 And those, the fiends, who, near allied. 
 O'er Nature's wounds and wrecks preside: 
 While Vengeance, in the lurid air, 
 Lifts her red arm, expos'd and bare : 
 
 The escort of the god, are hurried on. 
 Like eager, Turnus 'mid the central fights 
 His coursers urges, reeking in their sweat, 
 Trampling upon his sadly slaughtered foes ; 
 The nimble hoof bescatters dews of blood, 
 And gore is trodden down with blended 
 
 sand. 490 
 
 And now to death he gave both Sthenelus, 
 And Thamyris, and Pholus, this and that 
 Engaging close, — the other, from afar ; 
 [E'en] from afar both sons of Imbrasus, 
 Glaucus and Lades, whom had Imbrasus 
 Himself brought up in Lycia, and arrayed 
 In arms alike, or hand to hand to fight, 
 Or on the charger to outstrip the winds. 
 In other quarter on the midmost frays 
 Is borne Eumedes, ancient Dolon's son, 500 
 Illustrious in battle, by his name 
 His grandsire representing, by his soul 
 And deeds his sire, who whilom, when a spy 
 He sallied to th' encampment of the Greeks, 
 Pelides' car his guerdon dai-ed to claim. 
 Him with another guerdon did the son 
 Of Tydeus treat for such his bold attempts ; 
 Nor does he to Achilles' steeds aspire. 
 When Turnus at a distance him espied 
 On th' open champaign, first with javelin light 
 Pursuing him throughout the stretching void. 
 He brings his twain-yoked coursers to a 
 
 stand, 512 
 
 On whom that ravening brood of Fate, 
 Who lap the blood of Sorrow, wait ; 
 Who, Fear, this ghastly train can see. 
 And look not madly wild like thee ?" 
 
 Collins, Ode to Fear. 
 
 " And him beside rides fierce revenging Wrath, 
 Upon a lion, loth for to be led ; 
 And in his hand a burning brond he hath. 
 The which he brandisheth about his bed : 
 His eies did hurle forth sparcles fiery red. 
 And stared sterne on all that him beheld ; 
 As ashes pale of hew, and seeming ded ; 
 And on his dagger still his hand he held, 
 
 Trembling through hasty rage, when choler in him 
 sweld. 
 
 " Full many mischiefes follow cruell Wrath ; 
 Abhorred Bloodshed, and tumultuous Strife, 
 Unmanly Murder, and unthrifty Scath, 
 Bitter Despight with Rancours rusty Knife ; 
 And fretting Griefe, the enemy of life : 
 All these, and many moe haunt Ire 
 The swelling Splene, and Frenzy raging rife, 
 The shaking Palsey, and Saint Fraunces fire : 
 
 Such one was Wrath, the last of this ungodly tire." 
 Spenser, F. Q., i. 4, 33, 35. 
 
 Fletcher calls "Anger the twin of Sorrow." 
 
 7 he Bloody Brother, iv. 3. 
 Ben Jonson has a magnificent description of 
 bloodshed in war ; Catiline, i. i : 
 " Slaughter bestrid the streets, and stretch'd himself 
 To seem more huge ; whilst to his stained thighs 
 The gore he drew flow'd up, and carried down 
 Whole heaps of limbs and bodies through his 
 arch." 
 
▼. 355—384. 
 
 BOOK xir. 
 
 V. 384—396. 
 
 3x7 
 
 And from his chariot down he springs, and 
 
 conies 
 Upon him half-alive and fall'n along, 
 And, with his foot imbedded in his neck, 
 The falchion wrenches out of his right hand. 
 And bathes it glitt'ring in his deep of throat, 
 And these withal subjoins : ** Behold the 
 
 fields, 
 Avi, [that] which in the war, O Trojan, thou 
 Hast sought, Hesperia measure as thou liest : 
 These guerdons they, who with the sword 
 
 have dared 521 
 
 T' assail me, reap ; they thus construct their 
 
 walls." 
 As his companion, with a hurtled lance 
 He sends Asbutes,Chloreustoo,and Sybaris, 
 And Dares, and Thersilochus ; Thymcetes 
 
 too, 
 Fall'n from his rider-flinging horse's neck. 
 And as, what time Edonian Boreas' blast 
 Roars on th' .^gean deep, and hunts to shore 
 The billows ; where the winds have plied 
 
 [their force]. 
 Clouds speed their flight from heav'n : to 
 
 Turn us thus, 530 
 
 Where'er he cuts his way, the squadrons 
 
 yield. 
 And, wheeled about, off dash the lines ; 
 
 himself 
 His ardor hurries onward, and the gale, — 
 The car confronted, — shakes his flutt'ring 
 
 plume. 
 Him, bearing on, and gnashing in his rage, 
 Phegeus did not endure ; himself he flung 
 Before the chariot, and with his right hand 
 Twisted aside the speeding coursers' mouths, 
 While frothing on their bits. Whilst he is 
 
 dragged, 
 And hangs upon their collars, a broad spear 
 Him, undefended, reaches, and, infixed. 
 The mail twain-tissued brasts, and with a 
 
 wound 542 
 
 The surface of his body grazes. Yet 
 He, turned upon the foe, with shield op- 
 posed 
 Advanced, and succor sought from his 
 
 drawn blade : 
 When wheel and axle, urged in their career. 
 Him headlong drove, and pitches him on 
 
 earth ; 
 And Tumus following, 'tween his helmet's 
 
 base 
 And edges of his corselet-top, with sword 
 
 cut off 
 His head, and left the trunk upon the sand. 
 Now, whilst deals conq'ring Tumus on 
 
 the plains 551 
 
 These deaths, meanwhile have Mnestheus, 
 
 and the stanch 
 
 Achates, and Ascanius their companion, 
 Within the camp >Eneas placed, blood- 
 
 stained. 
 Supporting with a long spear-end his steps 
 Alternately. He rages, and,— the shaft 
 
 snapped off", — 
 Strains to out- wrest the weapon, and the path 
 To succor, which the nearest [lies], de- 
 mands : — 
 That with the broad sword they would cut 
 
 the wound. 
 And deep within layope the missile's shroud, 
 And send him to the battles back. And now 
 Stood by, of Phoebus loved before all else, 
 lapis, son of lasus ; to whom 563 
 
 By violent affection erst enslaved, 
 Apollo's self glad proffered his own crafts. 
 His favors, — augury, and lyre, and nimble 
 
 bolts. 
 He, that his laid out father's destinies 
 He might protract, to know the pow'rs of 
 herbs. 
 
 554. " Support your master, legges, a little further ; 
 Faint not, bolde heart, with anguish of my wound ; 
 Try further yet : can bloud weigh down my soul f 
 Marston, The Insatiate Countesse, iii, 
 
 556. " Whom so dismayd when Cambell had espide, 
 Againe he drove at him with double might, 
 That n,ought mote stay the Steele, till in his side 
 The mortale point most cruelly empight ; 
 Where fast infixed, whilest he sought by slight 
 It forth to wrest, the stafTe asunder brake, 
 And left the head behinde : with which despight 
 
 He all enrag'd his shivering speare did shake." 
 Spenser, F. Q., iv. 3, 10. 
 
 562. Spenser adds the charm of music to the 
 physician's care : 
 
 " Home is brought, and layd in sumptuous bed ; 
 Where many skilfuU leaches him abide 
 To salve his hurts, that yet still freshly bled. 
 In wine and oyle they wash his woundes wide. 
 And softly gan embalme on everie side. 
 And all the while most heavenly melody 
 About the bed sweet musicke did divide. 
 Him to beguile of grief and agony." 
 
 F. Q., i. s. 17. 
 
 568. " From creeping moss to soaring cedar thou 
 
 Dost all the powers and several portions know, 
 
 Which father— Sun, and mother — Earth below. 
 
 On their green infants here bestow : 
 Canst all those magic virtues from them draw. 
 That keep Disease and Death in awe." 
 
 Cowley, To Dr. Scarborough. 
 
 " Care and utmost shifts. 
 How to secure the Lady from surprisal. 
 Brought to my mind a certain shepherd lad, 
 Of small regard to see to, yet well skill'd 
 In every virtuous plant, and healing herb. 
 That spreads her verdant leaf to the morning ray. 
 He loved me well, and oft would beg me sing ; 
 Which when 1 did, he on the tender grass 
 Would sit and hearken even to ecstasy. 
 And in requital ope his leathern scrip, 
 And show me simples of a thousand names. 
 Telling their strange and vigorous faculties." 
 
 Miltoo, Comtu. 
 
3i8 
 
 V. 396 — 41I 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 419—435. 
 
 The practice too of healing, rather chose, 
 And fameless exercise the silent arts. 570 
 Bitterly chafing did ^neas stand, 
 "While leaning on a mighty spear, with 
 
 flocking vast 
 Of youths and of lulus sad [at heart], — 
 By tears immovable. The famed old man, 
 In garb drawn'back, tucked up in Paeon mode, 
 "With healing palm, and Phoebus' sovereign 
 
 plants. 
 Makes many an anxious effort all in vain ; 
 In vain the barbs with his right hand he 
 
 shakes, 
 And with his griping pincers grasps the steel. 
 No Fortune indicates the course, naught aids 
 His guide Apollo ; spreads, too, more and 
 
 more 5^^ 
 
 Fierce terror on the field, and nigher lies 
 The evil. Heav'n now see they stand in 
 
 dust ; 
 And cavalry advance, and thick the darts 
 Amid th' encampment drop. A dismal cry 
 Ascends to ether of the battling youths, 
 And those that fall beneath remorseless 
 
 Mars. 
 Here, by th' unrightful suff ring of her son, 
 His mother "Venus, shocked, culls dittany 
 From Cretan Ida, stalk with downy leaves. 
 And tufting with a purple flow'r : those 
 
 herbs 591 
 
 To the wild goats are not unknown, what 
 
 time 
 Have wingy arrows fastened in their back. 
 This "Venus, compassed with a darkling cloud 
 About her face, brought down ; with this 
 
 the stream, 
 Poured out in sheeny basins, she impregns, 
 In secret healing it ; and sprinkles o'er 
 
 573. lulus felt with Aminta : 
 
 " Oh ! but your wounds 
 How fearfully they gape ! and every one 
 To me is a sepulchre : if I lov'd truly, 
 (Wise men affirm that true love can do wonders,) 
 These bath'd in my warm tears would soon be cur'd. 
 And leave no orifice behind. Pray, give me leave 
 To play the surgeon, and bind 'em up ; 
 The raw air rankles 'em." 
 
 J. Fletcher, TJie Sea-Voyage, ii. i. 
 
 577. " What has been left untried that art can do ? 
 The hoary wrinkled leech has watch'd and toil'd. 
 Tried every health-restoring herb and gum, 
 And wearied out his painful skill in vain." 
 
 Rowe, Lady Jane G7'ay, act i. 
 
 594. " Here lights Hygeia, ardent to fulfill 
 Mercy's behest. Light she sprung 
 Along th' empyreal road : her locks distill'd 
 Salubrious spirit on the stars. Full soon 
 She pass'd the gate of pearl, and down the sky. 
 Precipitant, upon the ev'ning-wing 
 Cleaves the live ether, and with healthy balm 
 Impregnates, and fecundity of sweets." 
 
 W. Thompson, Sickness, b. Iv. 
 
 The juices of Ambrosia fraught with health, 
 And perfumed panacee. "V\''ith lotion this 
 lapis aged, unknowing, stuped the wound. 
 And in a trice sooth vanished from his frame 
 All smart ; at the wound's root stanched 
 all the blood. 602 
 
 And now the arrow, as it tracks the hand, 
 None forcing it, drops out, and fresh re- 
 turned 
 His powers to their fonner state. *' His arms 
 Quick hasten for the hero ! "Wherefore 
 
 stand ?" 
 lapis shouts, and first their souls he fires 
 Against the foe : "Not these by mortal 
 
 might. 
 Nor by the mastership of skill, accrue ; 
 Nor thee doth my right hand, ^neas, save : 
 A god more puissant acts, and sends thee back 
 To grander feats." He, eager for the fight. 
 His legs had cased in gold this side and that, 
 And loathes delays, and brandishes his lance. 
 "When once his shield is fitted *to his side, 
 And corselet to his back, with arms out- 
 spread 616 
 He clasps Ascanius round, and, through his 
 
 casque 
 The surface of his lips bekissing, speaks : 
 "Learn valor and true hardness, child, 
 from me, 
 
 604. This whole scene may remind Spenser's 
 readers of Belphosbe's curing Prince Arthur : 
 " Unto the woods thenceforth in haste shee went, 
 To seeke for hearbes that mote him remedy ; 
 For shee of herbes had great intendiment. 
 Taught of the nymphe, which from her infancy 
 Her nourced had in trew nobility : 
 There, whether yt divine tobacco were. 
 Or panachsea, or polygony, 
 She fownd, and brought it to her patient deare, 
 Who al this while lay bleding out his hart-blood 
 
 neare. 
 " The soveraine weede betwixt two marbles plaine 
 Shee pownded small, and did in peeeesbruze ; 
 And then atweene her lilly handes twaine 
 Into his wound the juice thereof didscruze ; 
 And round about, as she could well it uze, 
 The flesh therewith she suppled and did steepe, 
 T' abate all spasme and soke the swelling bruze ; 
 And, after having searcht the intuse deepe, 
 She with her scarf did bind the wound, from cold 
 tokeepe." ^. ^v "i- 5, 32, 33- 
 
 616. Glover has a fine passage, describing the 
 parting scene between Leonidas and his family ; at 
 the end of which the following occurs : 
 
 " On ev'ry side his children press, 
 Hang on his knees, and kiss his honour'd hand. 
 His soul no longer struggles to confine 
 Her agitation. Down the hero's cheek, 
 Down flows the manly sorrow. Great in woe 
 Amid his children, who enclose him round, 
 He stands, indulging tenderness and love 
 In graceful tears." Leonidas, b. i. 
 
 619. " Ev'n present, in the very lap of love 
 Inglorious laid : while music flows around. 
 
V. 436—441. 
 
 BOOK XIL 
 
 V. 441—465. 
 
 319 
 
 Success from others. Now shall my right 
 hand, 620 
 
 By means of battle, render thee secure. 
 And lead thee through my noble guerdons. 
 
 See 
 That thou [thereof] be mindful, when ere- 
 long 
 Thy age shall have advanced [to] ripe 
 
 [estate], 
 And thee, as thou recallest in thy mind 
 Thy [fathers'] patterns, let alike thy sire 
 iEneas and thy uncle Hector rouse." 
 These words when he delivered, from the 
 gates 
 
 Perfumes, and oils, and wine, and wanton hours ; 
 Amid the roses fierce Repentance rears 
 Her snaky crest : a quick returning pang 
 Shoots through the conscious heart, where honour 
 
 still, 
 And great design, against the oppressive load 
 Of luxury, by fits, impatient heave." 
 
 Thomson, Spring. 
 
 " But happen what there can, I will be just ; 
 My fortune may forsake me, but not my virtue." 
 Ben Jonson, Catiline, iv. 6, end. 
 
 " Have a full man within you : . . . 
 Perfumes, the more they are chafed, the more they 
 
 render 
 Their pleasing scents ; and so aflliction 
 Expresseth virtue fully, whether true. 
 Or else adulterate." 
 
 Webster, Vittoria Corotttbona, act i, 
 
 *' Who trained thee up in arms but I ? Who taught 
 thee. 
 Men were men only when they durst look down 
 With scorn on death and danger, and contemned 
 All opposition, till plumed Victory 
 Had made her constant stand upon their helmets? 
 Under my shield thou hast fought as securely 
 As the young eaglet, covered with the wings 
 Of her fierce dam, learns how and where to prey." 
 Massinger, Tfu Unnatural Combat, ii. i. 
 
 620. " Without misfortune Vertue hath no glory." 
 
 Marston, Sophonisba, ii. i. 
 
 621. " Young Ned, for thee, thine uncles and myself 
 Have in our armours watch'd the winter's night ; 
 Went all a-foot in summer's scalding heat. 
 
 That thou might'st repossess the crown in peace ; 
 And of our labours thou shalt reap the gain." 
 
 Shakespeare, 3 K. Henry VI., v. 7. 
 
 626. " Hang all your rooms with one large pedi- 
 l^ree; 
 Tis virtue alone is true nobility : 
 Which virtue from your father, ripe, will fall ; 
 Study illustrious him, and you have all." 
 
 Ben Jonson, Underwoods, cix. 8. 
 
 Ardte laments to Palamon : 
 
 " No issue know us. 
 No figure of ourselves shall we e'er see. 
 To glad our age, and like young eagles teach 'em 
 Boldly to gaze against bright arms, and say, 
 * Remember what your fathers were, and conquer!' " 
 Shakespeare and Fletcher, The Two Noble 
 Kinsmen, ii. x. 
 
 He sallied forth, a giant, swaying in his hand 
 A javelin huge : at once in serried troop 630 
 Antheus alike, and Mnestheus, dash amain, 
 And from the quitted camp tides all the 
 
 throng. 
 The field is then with dingy dust turmoiled, 
 And quakes with tramp of feet the startled 
 
 earth. 
 Turnus beheld them, coming from the mound 
 In front ; Ausons beheld them ; and a thrill, 
 Ice-cold, careered throughout their inmost 
 
 bones. 
 Juturna first 'fore all the Latins heard, 
 And knew the noise, and frightened fled 
 
 away. 
 He flies, and hurries through the open plain 
 His dusky brigad: as when towards the 
 
 lands, 641 
 
 From constellation burst, a storm-cloud 
 
 swoops 
 Along 'mid ocean j ah ! in wretched swains 
 Their far foresightful hearts begin to dread : 
 'Twill downfall deal to trees, and overthrow 
 To standing com ; all far and wide 'twill 
 
 wreck : 
 Winds fly ahead, and waft a din to shore. 
 Such the Rhoetean chieftain leads his troop 
 Against the fronting foes ; they mass them 
 
 close 
 All in compacted wedges. With the sword 
 Thymbroeus ponderous Osiris smites, 651 
 Mnestheus Archetius, slays Achates Epulo, 
 And Gyas Ufens ; falls the augur's self, 
 Tolumnius, who first a dart had hurled 
 Against the fronting foes. A shout is raised 
 To heav'n, and, routed in their turn, the 
 
 Rutuli 
 Show dusty backs in flight thro'out the fields. 
 Himself nor deigns to overthrow for death 
 Those turned away ; nor those with even foot 
 Closely engaged, nor those, who hurtle darts, 
 
 629. " In peace, there's nothing so becomes a man. 
 As modest stillness and humility ; 
 But when the blast of war blows in our cars. 
 Then imitate the action of the tiger : 
 Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood. 
 Disguise fair nature with hard-favour'd rage : 
 Then lend the eye a terrible aspect ; 
 Let it pry through the portage of the head. 
 Like the brass cannon ; let the brow o'erwhclm it. 
 As fearfully as doth a galled rock 
 O'erhang and jutty his confounded base, 
 Swiird with the wild and wasteful ocean. 
 Now set the teeth, and stretch the nostril wide ; 
 Hold hard the breath, and bend up every spirit 
 To his full height !" 
 
 Shakespeare, A'. Henry V., iii. x. 
 
 658. " Merciful heaven ! 
 
 Thou rather with thy sharp and sulphurous bolt 
 Split'st the unwcdgeable and gnarled oak, 
 '1 Dan the soft myrtle." 
 
 Shakespeare, Measure for Measure, ii. a. 
 
320 
 
 V. 4^6 — 49^' 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 497—52 3- 
 
 Pursues : he, searching, Turnus tracks alone 
 In the thick cloud ; claims him alone for fight. 
 Shocked by this apprehension in her soul, 
 Juturna, manly maid, amid the reins 664 
 Metiscus, Turnus' charioteer, unseats, 
 And leaves him fallen from the pole afar. 
 She takes his place herself, and with her 
 
 hands 
 The waving reins she guides, assuming all. 
 Alike Metiscus' voice, and form, and arms. 
 As when the dusky swallow wings her way 
 Through noble mansions of a wealthy lord. 
 And on her pinions round the lofty courts. 
 Her scanty diet culling, and the food 673 
 For babbling nests ; and now in void arcades. 
 Now round the moistful pools, she twit- 
 ters : — like 
 [To her] Juturna on the midmost foes 
 Is carried by the steeds, and, flying on, 
 Through all she passes in the speeding car ; 
 And here now, and now there, her brother 
 
 shows 
 Exulting ; neither does she him allow 680 
 T' engage his hand ; far flies she from the 
 
 paths. 
 No less, to meet him, does ^neas thread 
 The writhing circuits, and the hero tracks, 
 And calls through scattered troops with 
 
 thund'ring voice. 
 As oft as on the foe he cast his eyes. 
 And the wing-footed coursers' flight essayed 
 In his career, — the chariot, veered away, 
 So oft Juturna wheeled aside. Alas ! 
 What could he do ? Upon a shifting tide 
 He vainly wavers, and discordant cares 
 Invite his spirit to opposing [plans]. 69 1 
 At him Messapus, as in his left hand 
 By chance he wielded, fleet in his career. 
 Two lithe spear-handles, tipped with steel ; 
 
 of these 
 One launching, aims it with unerring blow, 
 .^neas halted, and within his arms 
 His form he gathered sinking on his knee : 
 Yet swift the lance his helm-top bore away. 
 And from his head struck off the topmost 
 
 plumes. 
 Then, sooth, upstarts his wrath and, over- 
 matched 700 
 By stratagem, when feels he that the steeds. 
 Turned from him, and the car were driven 
 
 back. 
 In many a word to witness calling Jove, 
 And altars of the violated league, 
 
 674. " Her young meanwhile, 
 
 Callow and cold, from their moss-woven nest 
 Peep forth ; they stretch their little eager throats 
 Broad to the wind, and plead to the lone spray 
 Their famish'd plaint importunately shrill." 
 
 Mason, Etiglish Garden, b. iii. | 
 
 He now at length upon the midmost swoops, 
 And, dreadful through a favorable Mars, 
 Without distinction hideous slaughter wakes, 
 And all the reins of anger flings adrift. 
 
 What god can now to me so many scenes 
 Of bitterness, what [god] can in the song 
 The varied havoc, and the death of chiefs, 
 Whom all thro'out the plain, and in his turn, 
 Now Turnus, now the Trojan hero, hunts, — 
 Develop ? Was it thy decree, O Jove, 714 
 That in such fierce excitement should engage 
 The nations, doomed to live in endless peace ? 
 ^^neas Sucro of Rutulia[n birth]. 
 This combat first the hurtling Teucri fixed 
 In [one] position, — causing him no great 
 
 delay, 
 Receives upon his side, and where the fates 
 Are speediest, drives home the ruthless blade 
 Right thro' his ribs and fences of his breast. 
 Turnus, on foot encount'ring Amycus, 723 
 Down from his charger flung, Diores too. 
 His brother, smites the one with lengthful 
 
 spear. 
 As up he comes, the other with the sword ; 
 And in his car the severed heads of both 
 Hangs up, and bears them stilling with their 
 
 blood. 
 The other Talos to his death, and Tanais, 
 And brave Cethegus, three in one assault, 
 And sad Onytes sends, Echion's name. 
 And of his mother Peridia son ; 732 
 
 This [slays] the brotherhood, from Lycia 
 
 sent 
 And from Apollo's fields ; Menoetes too, 
 An Arcad youth, detesting wars in vain, 
 Whose handicraft and indigent abode 
 Had been about the fishful Lerna's streams: 
 Nor were th' employments of the pow'rful 
 
 known ; 
 And in a rented land his father sowed. 
 And like as fires, from diff'rent quarters 
 
 loosed 740 
 
 Upon the parching wood, and coppices. 
 That crack with bay ; or when in swift 
 
 descent 
 
 707. " Stand out, and witness this, unhappy Spain '. 
 Lift up to view the mountains of thy slain : 
 Tell how thy heroes yielded to their fear. 
 When Stanhope rous'd the thunder of the war ; 
 With what fierce tumults of severe delight 
 Th' impetuous hero plung'd into the fight. 
 How he the dreadful front of Death defac'd, 
 Pour'd on the foe, and laid the battle waste. 
 Did not his arm the ranks of war deform, 
 And point the hovering tumult where to storm ? 
 Did not his sword through legions cleave his way, 
 Break their dark squadrons, and let in the day? 
 Did not he lead the terrible attack, 
 Push Conquest on, and bring her bleeding back ? 
 Throw wide the scenes of horrour and despair, 
 The tide of conflict, and the stream of war ?" 
 
 Pitt, On the Death 0/ Earl Stanhope. 
 
V. 523—548. 
 
 BOOK XII. 
 
 V. 548 — 580. 
 
 321 
 
 Adown from lofty mounts the foamy floods 
 Give forth a din, and hurry to the seas, 
 Each turning his own passage into waste : — 
 No slower Turnus and ^neas, both, 
 Dash through th' [em]battle[d line]s ; now, 
 
 now their wrath 
 Surges within ; their breasts are being burst, 
 Unknowing to be overpowered ; now 
 On wounds they rush with all their might 
 
 and main. 750 
 
 The one — Murranus, vaunting ancestry, 
 And ancient titles of his father's sires. 
 And pedigree, all traced through Latin 
 
 kings. 
 Headforemost witha rock,and whirling-cast 
 Of monstrous stone, o'erthrows, and flings 
 
 him out 
 Upon the ground. Him 'neath the reins 
 
 and yokes 
 The car rolled forward ; with repeated blow 
 Down tramples him, above, the hurried hoof 
 Of horses, not regardful of their lord. 
 The other — Hyllus, as he hurtles on, 
 And rages hideously with passion, meets. 
 And whirls a javelin at his gilded brows ; 
 Stood in his brain, through helmet pieixed, 
 
 the spear. 763 
 
 Nor did thy right hand thee, most brave of 
 
 Greeks, 
 O Cretheus, save from Turnus ; nor his gods 
 Bescreen Cupencus, when yEneas comes : 
 His bosom proffered he to meet the steel ; 
 Nor did reprieve of bronzen shield bestead 
 The wretched man. Thee, /Eolus, as well, 
 Laurentine fields saw perish, and the earth 
 Wide cov'ring over with thy back. Thou 
 
 diest, 771 
 
 Whom could not Argive phalanxes lay low, 
 Nor the demolisher of Priam's realms, 
 Achilles : here for thee were goals of death; 
 A stately mansion under Ida [stands], 
 A stately mansion at Lyrnese [for thee]. 
 In the Laurentine ground thy grave. So 
 
 much 
 
 744. " Smooth to the shelving brink a copious flood 
 Rolls fair, and placid ; where, collected all 
 In one impetuous torrent, down the steep 
 It thundering shoots, and shakes the country round. 
 At first, an azure sheet, it rushes broad ; 
 Then whitening by degrees, as prone it falls. 
 And from the loud resounding rocks below 
 Dash'd in a cloud of foam, it sends aloft 
 A hoary mist, and forms a ceaseless shower. 
 Nor can the tortur'd wave here find repose : 
 But, raging still amid the shaggy rocks. 
 Now flashes o'er the scatter'd fragments, now 
 Aslant the hollow channel rapid darts ; 
 And, falling fast from gradual slope to slope. 
 With wild mfracted course, and lessen'd roar. 
 It gains a safer bed, and steals at last 
 Along the mazes of the quiet vale." 
 
 Thonison, Summer. 
 
 The hosts are wholly on each other turned, 
 E'en all the Latins, all the Dardan sons : 
 Mnestheus, and keen Serestus, and Mes* 
 sapus, 780 
 
 Steeds-tamer, and Asilas brave, and band 
 Of Tuscans, and Evander's Arcad wings. 
 According to their strength the warriors each 
 Strive with the utmost effort of their powers: 
 Nor stay, nor rest j in struggle vast they 
 strain. 
 Here did his fairest mother send the 
 thought 
 T' -(^neas, to the walls to march, and tuni 
 His army to the city with despatch. 
 And with a sudden slaughter to confound 
 The Latins. He, when through the different 
 ranks 790 
 
 In tracking Turnus, he this side and that 
 His eyes turned round, the city sees exempt 
 From war so sore, and unchastised at ease. 
 Forthwith the notion of a grander fray 
 Inflames him, Mnestheus and Sergestus he 
 Calls up, and brave Serestus, chiefs, and takes 
 Possession of a knoll ; to which [resort] 
 Flocks the remaining host of Teucer's sons; 
 Neither their bucklers or their darts do they, 
 Close[-filed], lay down. Upon the lofty 
 mound 800 
 
 He, standing central, speaks : '* Be no demur 
 To my injunctions ; Jove on this side stands: 
 Nor may there any, from the suddenness 
 Of my emprise, for me the slower move. 
 To-day the city, of the war the cause, 
 Latinus' very realm, unless they pledge 
 
 themselves 
 To take the bit, and conquered to succumb. 
 Will I uproot, and even with the earth 
 Their smoking roof-tops lay. Am I, for- 
 sooth, 
 To wait till please it Turnus to endure 810 
 Our fight, and he again may choose t' en- 
 gage, 
 [Though] conquered? This the head, O 
 
 citizens. 
 This is the front of the accursed war. 
 Bring torches quick, and redemand the 
 
 league 
 With blazes." He had said, and they at 
 
 once 
 With emulating souls all form a wedge. 
 And in a mass compacted, to the walls 
 Are hurried forward. Unexpectedly 
 Have ladders and a sudden hre appeared. 
 Some run from diff"'rent quarters to the gates 
 And massacre the first ; some whirl the steel, 
 And orershade the welkin with their darts. 
 Himself -^neas, 'mid the foremost ranks. 
 His right hand stretches forth below the 
 walls, 824 
 
322 
 
 V. 58o— 594- 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 594—618. 
 
 And chides Latinus with a thund' ring voice ; 
 And calls the gods to witness, that again 
 To battles is he driven ; that now twice 
 Th' Italians were become his foes ; that this 
 Was now the second league which had been 
 
 broke. 
 Up springs among the quaking citizens 830 
 A strife. Some bid the city to unbar, 
 And ope the portals to the Dardan sons. 
 And to the ramparts drag their very king ; 
 Arms others bear, and march to guard the 
 
 walls. 
 As when, within a shroudy pumice-rock 
 Ensconced, a shepherd hath [a swarm of] 
 
 bees 
 Traced out, and filled it up with pungent 
 
 smoke ; 
 They in the inside, trembling for the state. 
 Throughout their camp of wax run to and fro. 
 And with their lusty buzzings whet their 
 
 wrath ; 840 
 
 A sooty stench is volumed to the roofs : 
 Then with mysterious humming ring the 
 
 rocks 
 Within ; smoke rises to the empty air. 
 
 This hap the harassed Latins too befell, 
 Which the whole city from its base convulsed 
 
 835. " Through subterranean cells. 
 
 Where searching sunbeams scarce can find a way. 
 Earth animated heaves. The flowery leaf 
 Wants not its soft inhabitants. Secure 
 Within its winding citadel, the stone 
 Holds multitudes." Thomson, Summer. 
 
 837. Or, more clearly : 
 " And filled [their home] with pungent smoke." 
 
 " Ah ! see, where robb'd and murder'd, in that pit 
 Lies the still heaving hive ! At evening snatch'd 
 Beneath the cloud of guilt-concealing night. 
 And fix'd o'er sulphur : while, not dreaming ill. 
 The happy people, in their waxen cells. 
 Sat tending public cares, and planning schemes 
 Of temperance, for Winter poor ; rejoic'd 
 To mark, full flowing round, their copious stores. 
 Sudden the dark oppressive steam ascends ; 
 And, us'd to milder scents, the tender race. 
 By thousands, tumble from their honey'd domes, 
 Convolv'd, and agonising in the dust. 
 And was it then for this you roam'd the Spring, 
 Intent from flower to flower ? for this you toil'd 
 Ceaseless the burning Summer-heats away ? 
 For this in Autumn search'd the blooming waste. 
 Nor lost one sunny gleam ? for this sad fate ? 
 O, man ! tyrannic lord ! how long, how long, 
 Shall prostrate Nature groan beneath your rage, 
 Awaiting renovation ? When oblig'd. 
 Must you destroy? Of their ambrosial food 
 Can you not borrow ; and, in just return. 
 Afford them shelter from the wintry winds ? 
 Or, as the sharp year pinches, with their own 
 Again regale them on some smiling day ? 
 See where the stony bottom of their town 
 Looks desolate and wild ; with here and there 
 A helpless number, who the ruin'd state. 
 Survive, lamenting weak, cast out to death." 
 Thomson, Autumn. 
 
 With woe. The queen, when she the foe- 
 man spies 
 Advancing on the town, the walls assailed, 
 Fires flying to the roofs ; on th' other side 
 Nowhere Rutulian bands, not any troops 
 Of Tumus ; — evil-starred, believes the youth 
 In strife of battle quenched, and in her mind 
 Bewildered with the sudden pang, cries out 
 That she is source, and guilty cause, and 
 
 head 853 
 
 Of their mishaps ; and, venting many a 
 
 word. 
 Distraught, in rueful frenzy, with her hand 
 Her purple garments she, about to die, 
 Asunder rends, and from a beam aloft 
 Inweaves the noose of an unsightly death. 
 The which calamity when once, in woe. 
 The Latin ladies learnt, her daughter first, 
 Lavinia, lacerated by her hand 861 
 
 In amber tresses, and in rosy cheeks, 
 Then the remaining throng around her, 
 
 raves : 
 Wide rings again the palace with their wails. 
 The wretched rumor hence is noised abroad 
 Through the whole city. They their souls 
 
 depress ; 
 Latinus paces with his raiment rent, 
 Stunned by his consort's fates and city's 
 
 wreck. 
 His hoary hairs, besprent with dust unclean, 
 Defiling ; and himself he much upbraids, 
 For that he had not heretofore received 
 iFlneas [of] Dardanian [line], and him 872 
 Admitted freely as his daughter's spouse. 
 Meanwhile uj^on the plain['s] remotest 
 
 [part] 
 The warrior Turnus hunts a straggling few, 
 Now more inactive, and now less and less 
 Delighting in his coursers' blest career. 
 The breeze this outcry wafted to him, blent 
 
 866. Shakespeare gives the following graphic 
 
 picture of a disheartened host : 
 
 " Why do you stay so long, my lords of France ? 
 Yond' island carrions, desperate of their bones, 
 111-favour'dly become the morning field : 
 Their ragged curtains poorly are let loose, 
 And our air shakes them passing scornfully. 
 Big Mars seems bankrupt in their beggar'd host. 
 And faintly through a rusty beaver peeps. 
 The horsemen sit like fixed candlesticks. 
 With torch-staves in their hand ; and their poor' 
 
 jades 
 Lob down their heads, dropping the hides and 
 
 hips, 
 The gum down-roping from their pale-dead eyes. 
 And in their pale dull mouths the gimmal bit 
 Lies foul with chew'd grass, still and motionless ; 
 And their executors, the knavish crows. 
 Fly o'er them, all impatient for their hour. 
 Description cannot suit itself in words. 
 To demonstrate the life of such a battle. 
 In life so lifeless as it shows itself." 
 
 K. Henry V., iv. 2. 
 
V. 6i8 — 647. 
 
 BOOK XIL 
 
 V. 647—676. 
 
 3J3 
 
 With dark alarms, and struck his ears up- 
 roused 
 The wildered city's noise and joyless din. 
 *' Ah me ! why be the bulwarks with a wail 
 So sore turmoiled ? Or what such grievous cry 
 Bursts from the city on a difT'rent side?" 
 So speaks he, and distraught, with reins 
 
 indrawn, 884 
 
 Stood still. And him his sister, as, trans- 
 shaped 
 Into his charioteer Metiscus' guise, 
 Alike the car, and steeds, and reins she ruled. 
 Meets with such accents : ** Turnus, by this 
 
 [path] 
 Let us pursue the sons of Troy, where first 
 A passage conquest opes ; there others be. 
 Who by their valor can protect their homes, 
 .^neas swoops upon the Itali, 892 
 
 And blends the frays ; let us, too, with the 
 
 hand 
 Upon the Teucri send remorseless deaths. 
 Inferior neither in the tale [of slain], 
 Nor glory of the fight, shall thou retire." 
 Turnus to these : " O sister, e'en long since 
 I knew thee, when at first thou didst by craft 
 Unhinge the leagues, and gav'st thee for 
 
 these wars ; 
 And now, [though] goddess, thou deceiv'st 
 
 in vain. 900 
 
 But who hath willed that thou, sent down 
 
 from heaven, 
 Shouldst bear such grievous suff'rings ? 
 
 Is't that thou 
 Thy wretched brother's ruthless death 
 
 shouldst see ? 
 For what am I to do ? Or Fortune what 
 Now pledges safety ? I myself beheld 
 Before my eyes, calling me with his voice, 
 Murranus, [one,] than whom more dear to me 
 Survives no other, die, a mighty man. 
 And by a mighty wound subdued. Hath 
 
 fallen 
 The luckless Ufens, lest he our disgrace 910 
 Should view ; the Teucri hold his corpse 
 
 and arms. 
 Our houses to be razed (this single [woe] 
 Was lacking to our state ;) shall I endure ? 
 Neither shall I with [this] right hand rebut 
 The taunts of Drances ? Shall I turn my 
 
 back? 
 And Turnus flying shall this land behold ? 
 Is it so very sad a thing to die ? 
 Ye, O ye gods below, to me be kind, 
 
 883. " What meanes this capering cccho? Or from 
 
 whence 
 Did this so lively counterfeit of thunder 
 Breake out to liberty ? 
 
 'Tisfrom the city." 
 Rawlins, The Rebellion, act ii. | 
 
 Since hostile is the will of gods above. 
 To you, a holy soul, and of that fault 920 
 Unknowing, shall I downward go, not e'er 
 Unworthy of my mighty ancestors." 
 Scarce these he'd said, — lo ! through the 
 
 midst of foes 
 Flies Saces, carried on a foaming steed. 
 By hostile arrow wounded in the face, 
 And rushes forward, Turnus by his name 
 Beseeching : •* Turnus, [resting is] on thee 
 Our lf\st relief; have pity on thine own ! 
 Thunders ^^neas in his arms, and threats 
 That he will overthrow the topmost towers 
 Of Itali, and [these] consign to wreck; 931 
 E'en now the brands are nying to the roofs. 
 On thee their faces do the Latins turn. 
 On thee their eyes : the king Latinus' self 
 Is musing, whom his sons-in-law to call, 
 Or to which covenants himself to bend. 
 Moreo'er the queen, all-faithful [she] to thee. 
 Herself hath fallen by her own right hand, 
 And, frighted, fled the light. Before the 
 
 gates 
 Alone Messapus and Atinas brave 940 
 
 Support the fight. Round these on either side 
 The phalanxes stand close, and with drawn 
 
 blades 
 A crop of iron bristles ; thou thy car 
 Art wheeling round upon a waste of grass." 
 Mazed by the chequered picture of their 
 
 state. 
 Was Turnus stunned, and stood in silent 
 
 gaze. 
 Seethes mighty in a single heart a shame. 
 And madness with a mingled grief, and love, 
 By Furies racked, and conscious worth. 
 
 When first 
 Were shades dispersed, and light was to his 
 
 mind 950 
 
 Restored, his flaming eyeballs to the wadls 
 He wildly rolled around, and from the 
 
 car 
 Towards the great city cast a look behind. 
 But lo ! with blazes volumed through the 
 
 floors. 
 To heav'n there waved a crest, and seized a 
 
 tower, — 
 The tow'r, which he himself with jointed 
 
 beams 
 Had reared, and underneath applied the 
 
 wheels, 
 And overlaid with bridges high. ** Now, 
 
 now, 
 O sister, do the Destinies prevail ; 
 
 920. " Then free from fear or guflt, I'll wait my 
 
 doom: 
 Whate'er 's mv fault, no stain shall blot my glory. 
 I'll guard my honour, you dispo!« my life." 
 
 Smith, Fhadra and Hi^pclytus, act iL 
 Y 2 
 
324 
 
 V. 676 702. 
 
 THE ^NEID. 
 
 V. 702 — 718. 
 
 Forbear to stay me ; whither calls a god, 
 And whither rigid Fortune, follow we. 961 
 'Tis fixed that with ^neas I engage 
 My hand ; 'tis fixed, whate'er of bitterness 
 There is in death, to bear it ; nor shalt 
 
 thou, 
 O sister, me unhonored longer see. 
 Pray, let me rave this raving first." He said, 
 And from the chariot quickly made a spring 
 Upon the fields ; and through the foes, 
 
 through darts. 
 He rushes, and his sorrowed sister quits, 
 And bursts in fleet career the central ranks. 
 And as when from a mountain's crest a rock 
 In hurry rushes, by a tempest wrenched, — 
 Whether a rageful show'r hath washed it 
 
 off, 973 
 
 Or stealing age hath loosened it by years, — 
 Adown the steep the felon mount is borne 
 With mighty swoop, and on the ground 
 
 it vaults. 
 Sweeping away with it woods, herds, and 
 
 men : 
 Among the scattered squadrons Tumus thus 
 Swoops to the city walls, where reeks full 
 
 much 
 Of earth with gush of blood, and screech 
 
 the gales 980 
 
 With javelins ; and he beckons with his 
 
 hand, 
 And with a lusty voice at once begins : 
 " Forbear now, Rutulans ; and, Latins, ye 
 Your darts withhold : whatever Fortune is, 
 Is mine ; it fairer is that I alone 
 On your behalf should expiate the league. 
 And [this our quarrel] by the sword 
 
 decide." 
 All in the midst withdrew, and gave him 
 
 room. 
 But sire ^neas, when was heard the 
 
 name 
 Of Tumus, quits alike the walls, and quits 
 The tower-heights, and hurries all delays. 
 Breaks off all labors, bounding with delight. 
 And terribly enthunders in his arms : 993 
 As huge as Athos, or as Eryx huge, 
 Or huge as father Apennine himself, 
 
 977. Beaumont and Fletcher employ a similar 
 illustration with a wholly different design : 
 " Like a wild overflow, that swoops before him 
 A golden stack, and with it shakes down bridges. 
 Cracks the strong hearts of pines, whose cable- 
 roots 
 Held out a thousand storms, a thousand thunders. 
 And, so made mightier, takes whole villages 
 Upon his back, and in that heat of pride 
 Charges strong towns, towers, castles, palaces. 
 And lays them desolate : so shall thy head. 
 Thy noble head, bury the lives of thousands. 
 That must bleed with thee like a sacrifice. 
 In thy red ruins." Philaster, v. 3. 
 
 When with his waving holms he roars, and 
 
 joys, 
 
 With snowy crest uplifting him to heaven. 
 Now sooth in eagerness e'en Rutulans, 
 And Trojans, and Italians, all, their eyes 
 Turned towards them ; likewise those who 
 
 occupied looo 
 
 The walls aloft, and those who battered with 
 
 the ram 
 The walls below ; and from their shoulders 
 
 they 
 Laid down their arms. Latinus is himself 
 Astounded at the giant heroes, born 
 In distant quarters of the universe. 
 In mutual fight engaging, and [the strife] 
 Deciding by the sword. Now they, what 
 
 time 
 The plains lay open with a vacant sward, 
 In swift advance, with lances hurled from far, 
 Commence the fray with shields and clank- 
 ing bronze. loio 
 The earth gives forth a groaning; then 
 
 with swords 
 Repeated blows do they redouble : chance 
 And bravery are blent in one. And as, 
 In vasty Sila, or Taburnus' crest. 
 What time two bulls with brows confronted 
 
 rush 
 Upon the hostile frays ; in fright have fled 
 
 999. " Methinks I see Death and the Furies waiting 
 What we will do, and all the heaven at leisure 
 For the great spectacle." 
 
 Ben Jonson, Catiline, v. 5. 
 
 1012. _ " Each at the head 
 
 Levell'd his deadly aim ; their fatal hands 
 
 No second stroke intend ; and such a frown 
 
 Each cast at the other, as when two black clouds. 
 
 With Heaven's artillery fraught, come rattling on 
 
 Over the Caspian, then stand front to front. 
 
 Hovering a space, till winds the signal blow 
 
 To join their dark encounter in mid air ; 
 
 So frown'd the mighty combatants, that Hell 
 
 Grew darker at their frown, so match'd they stood ; 
 
 For never but once more was either like 
 
 To meet so great a foe." Milton, P. L., b. ii. 
 
 " Now waved their fiery swords, and in the air 
 Made horrid circles ; two broad suns their shields 
 Blazed opposite, while Expectation stood 
 In horror. From each hand with speed retired. 
 Where erst was thickest fight, the angelic throng. 
 And left large field, unsafe within the wind 
 Of such commotion ; such as, to set forth 
 Great things by small, if. Nature's concord broke. 
 Among the constellations war were sprung. 
 Two planets, rushing from aspect malign 
 Of fiercest opposition, in mid sky- 
 Should comoat, and their jarring spheres con- 
 found." Ibid., b. vi. 
 
 ioi6, 17. So Shakespeare makes the Severn flee 
 at the sight of the encounter between Mortimer and 
 Glendower : 
 
 " Three times they breath'd, and three times did 
 they drink. 
 
 Upon agreement, of swift Severn's flood ; 
 
V. 718—741. 
 
 BOOK XIL 
 
 V. 741—769. 
 
 W 
 
 The herdsmen ! all the flock stands dumb 
 
 with fear, 
 And muse the heifers who shall rule the 
 
 lawn, 
 Whom all the droves should follow : 'tween 
 
 them they 
 With lusty violence commingle wounds, 
 And, as they butt, their horns infix, and 
 
 bathe 102 i 
 
 Their necks and shoulders with abundant 
 
 blood ; 
 The pasture all rebellows with their roar. 
 Not otherwise /Eneas, sprung from Troy, 
 And th' Daunian hero with their bucklers tilt 
 Together ; crasli prodigious fills the sky. 
 Jove's self twain scales with balanced tongue 
 
 upholds, 
 And puts therein the diff'rent fates of 
 
 both:— 
 Whom may his travail doom, and whither 
 
 Death 
 May with his weight incline. Here forward 
 
 springs 1030 
 
 Imagining [he might] unharmed, and high 
 With his whole body rises Turnus up 
 Upon his sword uplifted, and he strikes. 
 The Trojans and the quaking Latins shriek, 
 And hosts of both are lifted [in suspense]. 
 But broken is the traitor sword, and quits 
 [The warrior] as he glows amid the stroke : 
 [The prey of death,] save flight advance for 
 
 aid. 
 He flees more swift than Eurus, when he 
 
 viewed I039 
 
 A hilt unknown, a right hand, too, unarmed. 
 There is a legend, that, in headlong haste. 
 What time he mounted for the op'ning frays 
 His collared steeds, his father's falchion left, 
 While he is in confusion, — he had seized 
 His charioteer Metiscus' sword, and long 
 This fully served him, while their flying 
 
 backs 
 The Trojans offered : after that it came 
 To the Vulcanian armor of a god IO48 
 
 The mortal falchion, like the brittle ice. 
 In all directions shivered with the stroke ; 
 
 Who then, affrighted with their bloody looks. 
 Ran fearfully among the trembling reeds. 
 And hid his crisp head in the hollow bank, 
 Blood-stained with these valiant combatants." 
 I Henry IV., i. 3. 
 
 1037. Milton imitates this at the end of the 4th 
 book of the Paradise Lost. 
 
 Murphy introduces a new and pleasing idea : 
 " Heav'n holds its golden ballance forth, and weighs 
 Zaphimri's and the Tartar's destiny. 
 While hov'ring angels tremble round the beam." 
 The Orphan 0/ China, act iii, 
 
 1038. The tutor must fill up the ellipsis in v. 733 
 as best he may. 
 
 The splinters glisten on the tawny sand. 
 Therefore does Turnus wildly seek in flight 
 The [field's] wide distant plains, and hither 
 
 now, 
 Then thither, mazy circuits he inweaves : 
 For in all quarters with compacted ring 
 The Teucri hemmed him in ; and on this side 
 A swamp immense, on that high walls, en- 
 close. 
 Nor less ^Eneas, though from hamp'ring 
 
 shaft 
 At times his knees obstruct him, and decline 
 The race, pursues, and hotly with his foot 
 Presses the foot of his affrighted [foe]. 106 1 
 As if at times when lighting on a hart. 
 Imprisoned by a stream, or by the cord 
 Of crimson feather hedged, a hunter-dog 
 With speed and hayings plies him hard 
 
 but he. 
 Scared by the ambush and the steepy bank, 
 Flies and flies back [again] a thousand ways ; 
 But th' active Umbrian, as wide he gapes, 
 Is closing on him, and now now he gripes. 
 And, like to one [who's in the] griping [act]. 
 Hath chided with his jaws, and is bemocked 
 With bootless bite. Then sooth up springs 
 
 a shout, 1072 
 
 And banks and lakes return the echo round, 
 And all the welkin thunders with the coil. 
 At once the other, flying, chides at once 
 All the Rutulians, calling each by name. 
 And earnestly entreats his well-known 
 
 sword, 
 ^neas, on the other hand, threats death. 
 And ruin prompt, should any one approach. 
 And frights the tremblers, threat'ning he 
 
 would raze 1080 
 
 Their city ; and [though] wounded presses on. 
 Five circuits they complete in their career. 
 And trace as many back this side and that : 
 For neither light or gamesome meeds are 
 
 sought ; 
 But they for Turnus* life and blood contend. 
 By chance, devote to Faunus, here had stood 
 A wilding-olive with its bitter leaves. 
 To seamen erst a wood to be revered, 
 Where, rescued from the bUlows, they were 
 
 used 1089 
 
 To fix their offerings to Laurentum's god. 
 And hang aloft their consecrated gear ; 
 
 1080. " We will assail you like rebounding rodcs. 
 Bandied against the battlements of heaven ; 
 We'll turn thy city into desart plains ; 
 And thy proud spires, that seem to kiss the clouds. 
 Shall with their gilt tops pave the miry streets." 
 Heywood, The Foure Prentices of London. 
 
 iEneas may not have been absolutely unjust, for 
 refusing to allow Turnus to get his own sword ; but 
 he lost a good opportunity of earning a character 
 for magnanimity. 
 
326 
 
 V. 770 — 8oi. 
 
 THE ^NEID, 
 
 801—830. 
 
 But its religious stem had Teucer's sons 
 With no distinction cleared away, that they 
 Might hurtle on a naked field. Here stood 
 The javelin of ^neas ; to this spot 
 His whelming impulse had transported it, 
 And kept it firmed within th' unyielding 
 
 root. 
 Leaned Dardanus' descendant [to the toil]. 
 And with his hand was minded to out-wi-est 
 The steel, and with the weapon to pursue 
 Him, whom he could not capture in the race. 
 Then sooth, distraught with terror, Turnus 
 
 cries: 1102 
 
 " O Faunus, pray have pity, and do thou, 
 O earth thrice-excellent, hold fast the steel, 
 If I have ever reverenced your dignities, 
 Which, on the other hand, the yEneadae 
 Have treated as unholy by the war." 
 He said, and called the succor of the god 
 To no effectless prayers. For, struggling 
 
 long 
 And dallying upon th' unyielding stem, 
 By no exertions had ^neas power 
 The clutches of the timber to unclinch. 
 While keen he strains, and presses on, once 
 
 more 1113 
 
 Into the charioteer Metiscus' guise 
 Transshaped, the Daunian goddess forward 
 
 runs, 
 And to her brother renders back his sword. 
 At which [her act], that it should be allowed 
 To the bold Nymph, in wrath drew Venus 
 
 near, 
 And tore the lance from out the deepsome 
 
 root. 
 They, lifted high, in armor and in soul 
 Refreshed, — the one relying on his sword. 
 The other,stern and stately with his spear, — 
 Stand face to face in panting Battle's fray. 
 Meanwhile the monarch of almighty 
 
 heaven 11 24 
 
 Addresses Juno, from a golden cloud 
 Gazing upon the fights: "Where now shall be 
 An end, O consort ? What in fine remains ? 
 Thou knowest of thyself, and dost confess 
 Thou know'st, .^neas as a hero-god 
 Is due to heav'n, and by the Destinies 1130 
 Is wafted to the stars. What plannest thou ? 
 Or with what hope among the icy clouds 
 Dost linger ? Was it seemly that a god 
 Should be dishonored by a mortal wound ? 
 Or that the sword, — for without thee what 
 
 could 
 Juturna ? — should when reft to Turnus be 
 Restored, and to the conquered strength 
 
 accrue ? 
 Cease now at last, and by our prayers be 
 
 swayed. 
 Nor let such grievous anguish prey on thee 
 
 In silence, and to me thy gloomy cares 1 140 
 Oft from thy honeyed mouth return. The end 
 We now have reached. By land or waves 
 
 to vex 
 The Trojans thou hast had the pow'r ; curst 
 
 war 
 To kindle up ; to mar the house ; and blend 
 With woe the nuptials. Further to attempt 
 Do I forbid thee." Jupiter thus spake ; 
 Thus, on the other hand, with crestfall'n look 
 [Spake] the Satuniian goddess : " Sooth 
 
 because 
 That will of thine was known to me, great 
 
 Jove, 
 Both Turnus and the lands, unwilling I 
 Have quitted ; nor should'st thou behold 
 
 me now 1151 
 
 Alone in [this our] skyey seat endure 
 Things worthy, things unworthy ; but with 
 
 flames 
 Begirt, I in the very line would stand, 
 And draw the Teucri to the hostile frays. 
 Juturna, I acknowledge, I induced 
 To help her wretched brother, and approved 
 Her making greater ventures for his life ; 
 Yet not that she should javelins [hurl], nor 
 
 bend 
 A bow : I swear by fountain-head of Styx, 
 That cannot be appeased, which is assigned 
 The single object of religious awe 1162 
 To gods above. And now in sooth I yield. 
 And loathing quit the fights. Of thee this 
 
 [boon], — 
 Which by no law of destiny is held, — 
 I crave for Latium, for the dignity 
 Of thine : when now by their auspicious 
 
 match 
 Peace, — be it so ! — shall they adjust; when 
 
 now 
 Laws and alliances they shall unite ; 
 Command not that the soil-bom Latins 
 
 change i i 70 
 
 Their ancient name, nor Trojans should 
 
 become. 
 And Teucrians be called, or that the men 
 Their speech should alter, or should change 
 
 their garb. 
 Let it be Latium ; Alban be their kings 
 For ever ; puissant be the Roman race 
 By prowess of Italia ; Troy hath fall'n, 
 And suffer it t' havej fallen with its name," 
 Smiling on her, [thi^s speaks] of men and 
 
 things 
 The author : * ' Thou the sister art of Jove, 
 
 1 163. " But prayer against His absolute decree 
 No more avails than breath against the wind. 
 Blown stifling back on him that breathes it forth : 
 Therefore to His great bidding I submit." 
 
 Milton, F. L., b. xi. 
 
V. 830—851. 
 
 BOOK XIL 
 
 V. 851 — 868. 
 
 3*7 
 
 And Saturn's other offspring : thou dost roll 
 Such mountain waves of anger in thy breast I 
 But come, and quell a rage conceived in 
 
 vain. 1 1 82 
 
 I grant what thou dost wish ; and, e'en 
 
 subdued 
 And willing, I myself resign. Their native 
 
 speech 
 And customs the Ausonians shall retain : 
 And as it [now] is, [so] the name shall be : 
 Only, incorporated in the state, 
 The Teucrians shall sink. The form and 
 
 rites 
 Of their religious [worship] I will add. 
 And make them Latins, of one language all. 
 The strain, which, blended with Ausonian 
 
 blood, ' I 191 
 
 Shall hence arise, above mankind, above 
 The gods, in piety thou'lt see advance ; 
 Nor any race thy services alike 
 Shall solemnise." To these doth Juno bow. 
 And in delight veered round her mind. 
 
 Meanwhile 
 She issues from the sky, and quits the 
 
 cloud. 
 These done, the Sire himself within him- 
 self 
 Revolves another [purpose], and prepares 
 To part Juturna from her brother's arms. 
 Twin Fiends are called by name *' The 
 
 Furies," whom, 1201 
 
 And Tartaran Megsera, dismal Night 
 At one and at the selfsame birth produced, 
 And girt about with equal coils of snakes, 
 And added stormy wings. These at the 
 
 throne 
 Of Jove, and in their rageful monarch's 
 
 court. 
 Appear, and sharpen ailing mortals' dread, 
 If ever fearful death and sicknesses 
 
 1208. Parnell shows that properly " death " is not 
 fearful : 
 
 *' Now from yon black and funeral y^^. 
 That bathes the charnel-house with dew 
 Methinks I hear a voice begin : 
 (Ye ravens, cease your croaking din, 
 Ye tolling clocks, no time resound 
 O'er the long lake and midnight ground !) 
 It sends a peal of hollow groans. 
 Thus speaking from among the bones : 
 
 ' When men my scythe and darts supply, 
 How great a king of fears am I ! 
 They view me like the last of things ; 
 They make, and then they dread, my stings. 
 Fools ! if you less provok'd your fears. 
 No more my spectre-form appears. 
 Death's but a path that must be trod, 
 If man would ever pass to God : 
 A port of calms, a slate to ease 
 From the rough rage of swelling seas.' 
 
 Why then thy flowing sable stoles. 
 Deep pendent cypress, mourning poles. 
 
 The king of gods designs, or frights with war 
 The cities that deserve it. One of these 
 Jove quick sent down from th' empyrean's 
 
 height, 121 1 
 
 And ordered her Juturna to oppose, 
 For a portent. She flies, and to the earth 
 With sweepy whirl is borne : not otherwise 
 Than, from the string projected through a 
 
 cloud, ' 
 
 The shaft, which, armed with gall of felon 
 
 bane, 
 Hath Parthian, Parthian or Cydonian, 
 
 shot, — 
 A cureless bolt, — flies whizzing and un- 
 
 kenned 
 Athwart the posting shadows. In such sort 
 Night's daughter sped her way, and sought 
 
 the lands. 122c 
 
 When once she spies the Ilian lines, and 
 
 troops 
 Of Turnus, dwindled to the sudden form 
 Of [that] small bird, which sometimes on 
 
 the tombs, 
 Or lonely gables, sitting in the night. 
 Late chants, of evil omen, through the 
 
 shades ; — 
 Into this guise transshaped, 'fore Turnus' 
 
 face 
 The fiend now swoopeth on, now swoopeth 
 
 off, 
 Screaming, and with her pinions flops his 
 
 shield. 
 His limbs strange numbness with affright 
 
 relaxed. 
 And [stood] his hair on end with dread, 
 
 and voice 1230 
 
 Loose scarfs to fall athwart thy weeds. 
 Long palls, drawn hearses, cover'd steeds. 
 And plumes of black, that, as they tread. 
 Nod o'er the scutcheons of the dead ?" 
 
 A Ntght-Piece on Death. 
 1228. " The ominous raven often doth he hear. 
 Whose croaking him of following horror tells. 
 Begetting strange imaginary fear. 
 With heavy echoes, like to passing bells : 
 The howling dog a doleful part doth bear. 
 As though they chim'd his last sad burying knells: 
 Under his eave the buzzing screech-owl sings. 
 Beating the windows with her fatal wings. 
 
 Drayton, Barons' IVars, v. 43. 
 1230. " I am thane of Cawdor: 
 
 If good, why do I yield to that suggestion. 
 Whose homd image doth unfix my hair, 
 And make my seated heart knock at my ribs. 
 Against the use of nature Y' 
 
 Shakespeare, Macbeth, i. 3. 
 " I could a tale unfold, whose lightest word 
 Would harrow up thy soul, freeze thy young 
 
 blood, 
 Make thy two eyes, like stars, start from their 
 
 spheres. 
 Thy knotted and combined locks to part. 
 Like quills upon the fretful porcupine." 
 
 Hamlft, i. 5. 
 
328 
 
 V. 868—884. 
 
 THE jENEID. 
 
 I-— 907. 
 
 Clave to his jaws. But when afar she knew 
 The whirring of the Fury and her wings, 
 Juturna, his unhappy sister, tears 
 Her streaming tresses, marring with her 
 
 nails 
 Her features, and her breast with clenched 
 
 hands. 
 *' What can thy sister aid thee,Tumus, now ? 
 Or what for heartless me doth now remain ? 
 By what device may I now stay the light 
 For thee ? Can I to such a prodigy 
 Myself oppose? Now, now, I leave the 
 
 lines, 1240 
 
 Affright me not, afraid, ill-omened birds : 
 Your pinions' strokes I know and deathly 
 
 din ; 
 Nor 'scape me haught behests of high- 
 
 souled Jove. 
 These for my maidenhood doth he requite ? 
 For what vouchsafed me everlasting life ? 
 "Why are death's circumstances reft away ? 
 Such grievous woes now surely I could end. 
 And comrade to my wretched brother pass 
 Among the shades. Immortal I ? Or what 
 Of my [enjoyments] will to me be sweet 
 Without thee, O my brother ? Oh ! what 
 
 earth 1251 
 
 Can yawn sufficiently profound for me, 
 
 1232. " Those baleful unclean birds. 
 
 Those lazy owls, who, perch'd near fortune's top. 
 Sit only watchful with their heavy wings 
 To cuff down new-fledg'd virtues, that would rise 
 To nobler heights, and make the grove harmo- 
 nious." Otway, Venice Preserved, ii. 2. 
 
 1244. Had Juturna been more virtuous, she had 
 been more powerful. Even Clorin says : 
 
 " Sure I am mortal. 
 The daughter of a shepherd ; he was mortal. 
 And she that bore me mortal : prick my hand. 
 And it will bleed : a fever shakes me, and 
 The selfsame wind that makes the young Iambs 
 
 shrink 
 Makes me a-cold : my fear says I am mortal. 
 Yet I have heard, (my mother told it me. 
 And now I do believe it,) if I keep 
 My virgin flower uncropt, pure, chaste, and fair. 
 No goblin, wood-god, fairy, elf, or fiend. 
 Satyr, or other power that haunts the groves. 
 Shall hurt my body, or by vain illusion 
 Draw me to wander after idle fires ; 
 Or voices calling me in dead of night. 
 To make me follow, and so tole me on. 
 Through mire and standing pools to find my ruin." 
 
 J. Fletcher, The Faithful Shepherdess, i. 1. 
 125T. " Then all is lost ! 
 
 Why pauses ruin, and suspends the stroke ? 
 Is it to lengthen out affliction's term. 
 And feed productive woe ? Where shall the groans 
 Of innocence deserted find redress ? 
 Shall I exclaim to Heav'n ? Already Heav'n 
 It's pity and protection has withdrawn. 
 Earth, yield me refuge then ; give me to lie 
 Within thy cheerless bosom ; there put off 
 Th' uneasy robe of being ; there lay down 
 The load of my distress." 
 
 Smollett, The Regicide, iii. i. 
 
 And sink a goddess to the lowest ghosts ?" 
 She thus much having uttered, veiled her 
 
 head 
 With sea-green mantle, heaving many a 
 
 groan, 
 And plunged herself within the deepsome 
 
 flood, 
 .(tineas presses on the other side. 
 And waves a weapon, vasty, like a tree. 
 And from a furious bosom thus he speaks : 
 " What after all is now th' impediment ? 
 Or wherefore, Turnus, now dost thou recoil ? 
 'Tis not in running that we have to fight, 
 'Tis hand to hand with ruthless weapons. 
 
 Turn thyself 1263 
 
 Into all guises ; muster, too, whate'er 
 Thou'rt able or by courage or by skill ; 
 Desire on wings the lofty stars to track, 
 And, jailed, to hide thee in the womby 
 
 earth." 
 He, waving to and fro his head, [replies] : 
 ** Thy fiery words, O savage, fright me not ; 
 Fright me the gods and Jupiter my foe." 
 Nor utt'ring more, he spies a monster stone, 
 An ancient , stone, a monster, which by 
 
 chance 1272 
 
 Was lying on the plain, a land-mark placed. 
 To settle disputation for the fields. 
 This scarce would twice six chosen [men] 
 
 support 
 Upon their neck, — such frames of men as 
 
 now 
 The earth brings forth. [This], seized with 
 
 hurried hand, 
 The famous hero launched against the foe, 
 Uprising higher, and hasting with a run. 
 But, neither as he runs, himself he knows, 
 Nor as he walks, nor lifting with his hand, 
 And wielding the huge stone. His knees 
 
 give way ; 1282 
 
 His icy blood has curdled with a chill. 
 Then e'en the hero's rock, through th' 
 
 empty void 
 Whirled on, nor all the distance overpassed, 
 
 1270. " Tell it, ye conscious walls ; 
 
 Bear it, ye winds, upon your pitying wings ; 
 Resound it. Fame, with all your hundred tongues. 
 Oh ! hapless youth ! all heaven combines against 
 you !" 
 Smith, Phcedra and Hippolytus, act iv. end. 
 
 1272. Spenser had probably this passage in view, 
 when describing the last attack of Maleger on 
 Prince Arthure : 
 
 " Thereby there lay 
 An huge great stone, which stood upon one end. 
 And had not bene removed many a day ; 
 Some land-marke seemd to bee, or signe of sundry 
 
 way : 
 
 ****** 
 The same he snatcht, and with exceeding sway 
 Threw at his foe." F, Q., ii. 11, 35-6. 
 
V. 907— 934. 
 
 BOOK XII. 
 
 y. 934—947. 
 
 329 
 
 Nor carried home its blow. And as in 
 
 dreams, 
 When fainty rest hath sealed the eyes at night, 
 In vain to stretch the eager race we seem 
 To wish, and in the midst of our attempts 
 Sink feeble down : availeth not the tongue ; 
 Suffice not in the frame familiar powers ; 
 Nor voice [n]or words ensue : to Tumus 
 thus, 1292 
 
 By whatsoever might a path he sought, 
 Success the demon dread denies him. Then 
 Within his bosom sundry thoughts are 
 
 whirled. 
 Upon the Rutulans he casts an eye, 
 And on the city, and demurs through fear, 
 And shudders at the swooping of the lance ; 
 Not [sees he] whither he may 'scape away. 
 Nor with what power he may make ad- 
 vance 1300 
 Against the foe, nor anywhere descries 
 His chariot, and his sister-charioteer. 
 Against the waverer his doomful lance 
 ^neas vibrates, having with his eyes 
 Marked out the destined spot, and it from far 
 With all his body['s effort] on him hurls. 
 From mural engine shot, ne'er stones thus 
 
 roar. 
 Nor from the flash burst forth such mighty 
 
 peals. 
 In likeness of a sooty whirlwind flies. 
 Destruction awful bringing on, the spear. 
 And open lays the borders of his mail. 
 And farthest circles of his sev'n-fold shield j 
 Through his mid thigh it hissing grides. 
 Down falls 13 1 3 
 
 The giant Tumus, smitten to the earth 
 With doubled knee. Uprise at once with 
 
 groan 
 The Rutuli, and all the mount rebellows 
 
 round, 
 And wide the deepsome groves return tlie 
 
 cry. 
 He, lowly and in prayerful form, his eyes 
 And right hand stretching forward, saith : 
 *' [This] sooth have I deserved, nor de- 
 precate ; 1320 
 Enjoy thy fortune. If can thee afiiect 
 Any concern for an unhappy sire ; 
 I pray thee, — thou hadst such a father, too. 
 
 1290. " I strive to call, my tongue has lost its sound : 
 Like rooted oaks, my feet benumb'd are bound." 
 Gay, Dione, iv. i. 
 
 " But as in slumbers, when we fain would run 
 From our imagin'd fears, our idle feet 
 Grow to the ground, our struggling voice dies in- 
 ward : 
 So now, when I would force myself to cheer you. 
 My falt'ring tongtie can give no glad presage." 
 Drydcn, Troilus and Cressitia, v. i . 
 
 Anchises, — pity Daunus' eld, and me ! 
 Or, if thou wouldest rather, robbed of light, 
 My body to my [friends], restore. °Tis 
 
 thou 
 Hast conquered, and the conquered stretch 
 
 his hands 
 Have Ausons seen. Lavinia is thy bride ; 
 Persist no further in thy hate." Grim stood 
 In arms ^^neas, rolling [round] his eyes, 
 And right hand checked, and still and still 
 the more 1331 
 
 The wav'rer had the speech begun to bend ; 
 When on his tow'ring shoulder there ap- 
 peared 
 The luckless sash, and with familiar studs 
 The bawdrick of the youthful Pallas gleamed, 
 Whom, conquered by a wound, had Tumus 
 
 felled. 
 And on his shoulders wore the foeman's 
 
 badge. 
 He, — after the memorials of fell woe, 
 And spoils, he with his eyes drank in, in- 
 flamed 
 By frenzies, and terrific in his wrath : — 
 ** Shalt thou, tricked out in plunder of my 
 [friends], 1341 
 
 1328. " Soft beauty is the gallant soldier's due ; 
 For you they conquer, and they bleed for you." 
 
 Tickell, On the Prospect of Peace. 
 
 1329. " Isabella. Yet show some pity. 
 Angela. I show it most of all, when 1 show jus- 
 tice ; 
 
 For then I pity those I do not know. 
 Which a dismiss'd offence would often gall. 
 And do him right, that, answering one foul wrong. 
 Lives not to act another. 
 
 Isabella. Oh ! it is excellent 
 
 To have a giant's strength ; but it is tyrannous 
 To use it like a giant." 
 
 Shakespeare, Measure for Measure, ii. a. 
 
 Had the unfortunate Tumus fully known the man 
 with whom he had to deal, he might, perhaps, have 
 addressed him thus : 
 
 " When I have number'd 
 A few sad minutes, thou shalt be reveng'd. 
 And I shall never trouble thee. If this 
 Be not enough, extend thy malice further. 
 And, if thou find'st one man that lov'd me, living. 
 Will honour this cold body with a grave. 
 Be cruel, and corrupt his charity." 
 
 Shirley, The Constant Maid, v. 3. 
 
 1340. " Forbear ! the ashy paleness of my check 
 Is scarletted in ruddy flakes of wrath ; 
 
 And like some bearded meteor shall suck up. 
 With swiftest terror, all those dusky mists, 
 That overcloud compassion in our breast. 
 You have roused a sleeping lion, whom no art, 
 No fawning smoothness shall reclaim, but blood." 
 Ford, Love's Sacrifice, iv. i. 
 
 1341. "Was't not enough that thou hadst mur- 
 der'd him ; 
 
 i But thou must triumph in thy guilt, and wear 
 i His bleeding spoils? Oh 1 let mc tear them from 
 thcc !" Whitehead, The RotnaH Father, \. \. 
 
 Z 
 
330 
 
 V. 948—949- 
 
 THE yENEID. 
 
 V. 949— 95^ 
 
 Be hence delivered from me ? By this wound 
 'Tis Pallas, Pallas, victimiseth thee, 
 
 Gustavus Vasa differently : 
 
 " Thro' my ranks. 
 My circling troops, the fell Gustavus rush'd : 
 ' Vengeance !' he cried ; and with one eager hand 
 Griped fast my diadem ; his other arm 
 High rear'd the deathful steel,— suspended yet : 
 For in his eye, and thro' his varying face. 
 Conflicting passions fought. He look'd, — he stood 
 In wrath reluctant ;— then, with gentler voice, 
 • Christina, thou hast conquered ! Go,' he cried, 
 ' I yield thee to her virtues.'" 
 
 Brooke, Gustavus Vasa, v. 4. 
 
 What numbers might have said to .^neas : 
 " Thy narrow soul 
 Knows not the godlike glory of forgiving : 
 Nor can thy cold, thy ruthless heart conceive 
 How large the power, how fix'd the empire is, 
 Which benefits confer on generous minds. 
 
 And taketh vengeance on thy cursed blood." 
 This saying, he within his hostile breast 
 The falchion hotly buries : but his limbs 
 Are with death-chill relaxed, and with a 
 
 groan 
 The life disdainful flies beneath the shades. 
 
 Goodness prevails upon the stubborn foes. 
 And conquers more than ever Csesar's sword did." 
 Rowe, Lady Jane Gray, act v. 
 
 And .^neas himself might have considered — 
 " That his virtues 
 Will plead like angels, trumpet-tongued, against 
 The deep damnation of his taking-off; 
 And Pity, like a naked new-born babe. 
 Striding the blast, or heaven's cherubin, hors'd 
 Upon the sightless couriers of the air. 
 Shall blow the horrid deed in every eye. 
 That tears shall drown the wind." 
 
 Shakespeare, Macbeth, i. 7. 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page 2. 
 
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 9. 
 
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 50. 
 
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 54. 
 
 
 60. 
 
 
 80. 
 
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 84. 
 
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 96. 
 
 
 168. 
 
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 173- 
 
 ,, 
 
 174. 
 
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 177. 
 
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 202. 
 
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 221. 
 
 
 264. 
 
 Note, line 43, 
 
 531, 
 714, 
 349, 
 
 for 
 
 Line 
 
 ' tendentV 
 Leneothoe ' 
 Antony " 
 in" 
 airs " 
 
 read 
 
 ' tondentir 
 ' Leucothoe." 
 
 Antonio^'' 
 
 with. " 
 
 airs ?" 
 
 Note, line 714, dele last line. 
 
 Dele Note, line 106. 
 
 Note, line 792, for '* 792 " read ** 790," and insert " 
 
 Jonson." 
 Note, line 820, for *' 792 " read ** 790." 
 Before quotation from Milton insert "967." 
 In second column, last line but one, read " meed" for 
 Line iS,for the second " as " read " while." 
 Line 172, insert " do " before " 1." 
 Note, line 122^, for "fort" read "port." 
 Line 1022, for "they" read "thou." 
 88. ^^/^"'s.» 
 
 792" defore " Ben 
 
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