Students' Series EXERCISES IN uATIN CQMPOSITION 3 A N Joru: 3?/ett .^ Cjjf Stuirnts' Srrirs of latin Classics EXERCISEvS IN Latii^ Peose Composition FOR SCHOOLS BY M. GRANT DANIELL, A.M. Principal op Cbaumct-Hall ScnooL, Boston Part I. BASED UPON CAESAR'S GALLIC WAR, BOOKS l.-IV. XEACH, SHEWELL, AND SANBORN. BOSTON. NEW YORK. ClUCAGO. » " • • • • • COPTRIQHT, 1889, Bt U. grant DANIELL. EDUCATION DEPT. J It- ^ HLtiy / # Xoriuoot) ^rrss : J. S. Gushing & Co. — Berwick & Smith. Boston; Mass., U.S.A. 9 CiT? -^ ^D-P PREFACE. This book is prepared in the belief that Latin compo- sition can best be taught in connection with the reading of the Latin authors, and its object is to furnish pupils with sufficient material for practice in Latin composition while they are reading Caesar and Cicero. The method contemplates the study and recitation of the oral exercises as a part of each day's lesson, either in the advance or the daily review (preferably the latter), and of the written f xercises at stated periods correspond- ing to the progi-ess of the class in the Latin text, — the imi)ortant thing being to have both oral and written work done while the passages on which they are based are fresh in the mind. The text thus furnishes the vo- cabulary, and the models for all the idioms, the princi- ples of syntax, and the order and arrangement of words. I have practised substantially this method for many years, and feel warranted in asserting that it is correct in principle, easily applied in practice, and productive of excellent results. It economizes time and labor by ac- complishing through one instrumentality — the Latin author — these two objects: first and most important, the better comprehension and appreciation of the Latin text ; and second, facility in writing Latin. Attempt has been made to fumish practice in all the IV PREFACE. common rules of syntax as thoroughly as if the exercises consisted of isolated sentences arranged according to grammatical rules. Some idea of how successfully this has been done may be gained by consulting the Gram- matical Index, which it is hoped will prove helpful to teacher and scholar for ready reference to the grammars, and for a review by topics, when that is desired. The present admission requirement in Latin composi- tion of many of the colleges — the translation into Latin of a passage of connected English based upon some por- tion of the authors read — encourages, and even demands, this kind of work in preparatory instruction. Many teachers prefer to begin Caesar's Gallic War with the second book rather than the first, but there is no uniformity of practice in this respect. For this reason the notes on the first two books contain many repetitions that would otherwise be unnecessary. I strongly recom- mend beginning with Book IT. To the many kind friends who have encouraged me to undertake this work, I return my warmest thanks. I wish also to acknowledge my indebtedness to Prof. T. B. Lindsay of Boston University, to John Tetlow, A. M., head master of the Boston Girls' High and Latin Schools, who read parts of my manuscript and made val- uable criticisms thereon ; and particularly to Prof. E. M. Pease of Bowdoin College, Editor-in-chief of The Stu- dents' Series of Latin Classics, who has read both the manuscript and the proof-sheets, and made many wise and useful suggestions. M. GRANT DANIELL. August, 1889. CONTENTS. KXKKCISES FOR Oral Translation, Book I. . . . EXKUCISES FOR Written Translation, Book I. EXKKCISES FOR Oral Translation, Book II. . EXKRaSES FOR Written Translation, Book II. . Exercises FOR Oral Translation, Book III. Exercises FOR Written Translation, Book III. . Exercises FOR Oral Translation, Book IV. Ekercises FOR Written Translation, Book IV. . Notes • • , . Grammatical Index . 21 31 42 48 56 61 70 77 95 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2008 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/exercisesinlatinOOmgrarich BOOK I. FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. CHAPTER I. 1. 1. There^ are three rivers in Gaul. 2. The Belgae inhabited one part of Gaul. 3. In* our language they were called Gauls.^ 4. We call them Gauls.* 5. They differ *from each other. 6. We differ from each other. 7. Of all the Gauls the Belgge are nearest to the Rhine. 8. The Belgae are furthest off from the province. 9. •Very seldom. 10. These things ^make men effeminate. 11. With^ whom do we wage war ? with the Germans. 12. W^ho' surpasses you ^"in courage ? 13. They kept the Germans "from their territories. 14. The Kelts occupy one part of Gaul. 15. It has been said '^that the Germans wage war. 16. Gaul ^^begins at the river Rhine. 17. The river Rhone bounds one part of Gaul. 18. The Pyrenees moun- tains stretch from the ocean to the sea." CHAPTER II. 2. 1. Is not* Orgetorix wealthy ? 2. 'When Messalla and Piso were consuls, a conspiracy was formed. 3. Orget- orix persuaded* the nobility to form a conspiracy. 4. *Can L CiEBAR: GALLIC WAR, BOOK I. ;yoa persuaclc^ ire to go out of the kingdom? 5. They surpass^ everybody in courage. 6. Since they surpass everybody, they can get possession of Gaul.^ 7. It^ is easy to go out of our territories. 8. I can easily persuade *you of this. 9. I can the^ more easily persuade you be- cause you surpass Orgetorix in courage. 10. The Rhine bounds the Helvetians ^^on one side. 11. The river is broad and deep. 12. The Helvetian land is separated from "that of the Germans by the Ehine. 13. The Rhone separates the Helvetians from our province. 14. ^^On the third side Helvetia is bounded by Lake Geneva. 15. It resulted from these facts^^ ^^that they were affected with great mortification. 16. We can easily ^^make war upon the Germans. 17. Are you eager for warfare^^ ? 18. Con- sidering their glory in war, they have very narrow limits. 19. We think ^^ve have narrow limits. 20. I think you are eager for warfare. CHAPTER III. 3. 1. Orgetorix influenced the Helvetians by his authority. 2. They were induced ^to buy up wagons and pack-animals. 3. An abundance of grain was in store. 4. Peace and friendship were established with their neighbors. 5. These preparations^ were completed ^in two years. 6. ^Three years are enough ^for establishing peace. 7. They chose Orgetorix ^to do this thing. 8. I took upon myself an embassy to Orgetorix. 9. ^He per- suaded Casticus to seize the throne. 10. He persuades the senate to call him friend. 11. ^Was Casticus accept- able to Divitiacus ? 12. ^Shall you give Casticus your daughter in marriage ? 13. It is an easy thing* to do to FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 6 holil the sui)remacy. 14. It is not doubtful that he hohls' the supremacy. 15. There is no doubt that they '"were influenced by this speech. 16. There is no doubt that this speech influenced*" them. 17. It was not doubt- ful that the Gauls were" very powerful. 18. I assure you **that I shall hold the supremacy. 19. They can get pos- session of all Gaul." 20. I hope "that you can seize the throne. CHAPTER IV. 4. 1. Orgetorix pleaded his cause in^ chains. 2. ^If you are condemned, punishment must follow. 3. *You must be burned with fire. 4. The day ^for pleading his cause is apix)inted. 5. ''Have you a large number of debtors ? 6. All the household of Orgetorix was con- ducted to the same place. 7. We rescued ourselves *from being burned. 8. ^Let us maintain our rights.* 9. A mul- titude of men was collected 'by the magistrates. 10. We think *"that Orgetorix "committed suicide. 11. Suspicion is not wanting that he was burned. 12. Was he burned ? CHAPTER V. 6. 1. Shall you go forth from your territories ? 2. ^Are you ready for that undertaking*? 3. I think you are ready. 4. We have set fire to our towns, about six in number. 5. We shall take Vith us all our grain, except what we have burned up. 6. They returned* home. 7. They are prepared *to burn up their grain. 8. They did this •to take away the hope of returning home. 9. Shall you carry out four months' provisions ? 10. We shall adopt' the same plan. 11. *Who crossed the Rhine ? 4 C^SAR: GALLIC WAE, BOOK I. 12. Who ^persuaded the Boii to besiege Noreia ? 13. Can you persuade me to burn down my house ? CHAPTER VI. 6. 1. They could go out from home by two routes. 2. With difficulty they dragged their wagons ^one at a time. 3. The road is so*^ narrow ^hat we can easily keep off the enemy. 4. The road through the province is *free from obstacles. 5. These two routes are much easier. 6. What can be easier ^than the second route ? 7. What^ river flows between the Helvetians and the Allobroges ? 8. One" road is narrower than the other.'' 9. You don't seem ^to have a friendly disposition towards me. 10. Let^ me go over the bridge. 11. I think ^'^I shall compel you "to let me go. 12. On that day they all ^^assembled at the bank of the Ehone. CHAPTER VII. 7, 1. Caesar departed from the city. 2. The bridge was broken down. 3. Caesar ordered one legion to hasten into Gaul. 4. Caesar was informed^ about the march of the Helvetians. 5. Who^ informed the Helvetians of Caesar's arrival ? 6. ^It is my intention to break down the bridge. 7. What was the intention^ of the Helve- tians ? 8. We march through the province because we have no other way. 9. ^May we do this with your' per- mission ? 1.0. Ambassadors were sent *to say that they might^ do this. 11. Are they not^® people of an unfriendly disposition ? 12. Will they refrain from injury ? 13. "If you wish to take a day for deliberation, you may.^^ 14. ^^Let them return ^*on the Kalends of April. 15. If you wish anything, return on the Ides of April. FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. CHAPTER VIII. 8. 1. Meanwhile the soldiers were assembling from the province. 2. I have live legions ^with me. 3. A wall fif- teen feet' high* was extended twelve miles.* 4. They were attempting to cross *against Caesar's will. 5. It will not be very easy to cross, *if the enemy are unwill- ing. 6. He cannot grant a passage to any one. 7. He 'said that the day had not come. 8. He *says that he cannot prevent them. 9. If you use* force, you will be 'Misappointed in your expectation. 10. Can you build a raft ? 11. Why" could they not break through ? 12. Be- cause the soldiers repulsed them with their weapons. CHAPTER IX. ^ 9. 1. ^If you are unwilling, we cannot go through the pass. 2. Since* we cannot persuade you, only* one road is left. 3. Can we not persuade the iEduans ? 4. We can, ^if Dumnorix is our advocate. 5. Whose daughter did he marry* ? 6. Was not Dumnorix friendly to the Helvetians ? 7. Is not Orgetorix desirous of a revolu- tion ? 8. Accordingly the business was undertaken by Dumnorix. 9. I wish to keep you attached to me. 10. He caused* them to 'exchange hostages. 11. "Let not the Sequanians hinder us from our journey. 12. Let us 'exchange hostages. CHAPTER X. 10. 1. What do you intend* to do ? 2. It is attended' with great danger to the province *to have the Helvetians for neighbors. 3. *If you should do this, Caesar would 6 C^SAR: GALLIC WAR, BOOK I. ^put Labienus in command of the province. 4. For these reasons he intends^ to hasten into Italy. 5. He had been wintering in Further Gaul. 6. Enemies of the Roman people had seized the higher positions. 7. What fortifi- cation was Labienus ^put in command of ? 8. Three legions were enrolled there. 9. These were defeated ^in battle. 10. On the fourth day he Arrived at Ocelum.*" CHAPTER XI. 11. 1. Ambassadors were sent ^to ask for aid. 2. Our towns ought not to be stormed ; ^ought not to have been stormed. 3. Since^ we could not defend ourselves, we asked for aid. 4. Our fields have been devastated almost in sight of Caesar. 5. Have not our children been led into slavery ? 6. They said that their children had been led into slavery. . 7. We have %othing left except our villages. 8. ^We must not wait ; you must not wait ; they must not wait. 9. Labienus,* inform Caesar that you will not wait. 10. He decided that he must not wait 'till all the resources of his allies were exhausted. CHAPTER XII. 12. 1. ^Li which direction does the Ehone flow? 2. Can you telP by the eye ^in which direction it flows ? 3. The scouts informed Caesar that one part of the forces had crossed the river. 4. ^Having killed the consul, they sent his army under the yoke. 5. **Having sent his army under the yoke, they put him to death. 6. They ^not only killed the consul, '^but also sent his army under the yoke. 7. ^hat district which caused the death of the consul %as the first to go out from home. 8. Let us avenge the FOR ORAL TRANSLATION. 7 wrongs "of the people. 9. Cassius was killed in the same battle with* Piso. 10. Whose grandfather was Piso ? CHAPTER XIII. 13. 1. ^He has the army led over the Arar. 2. He had a bridge built 'so that he might lead his army over. 3. Can Caesar overtake the Helvetians ? 4. Can you do 'in one day what we accomplished Hn ten days ? 5. They knew that Caesar crossed* the river *in one day. 6. If the Romans make* peace with the Helvetians, •the latter will go where ^the former wish.® 7. Remember that old defeat. 8. You attacked us "when we were crossing the river. 9. ^"Do not attribute that to your own courage, or" despise us. 10. We rely upon "our own valor rather than upon treachery. CHAPTER XIV. 14. 1. The^ less those events have happened according to our own deserts,* the* more 'indignant we feel. 2. *If we were conscious'* of any wrong, we should not *feel so indignant. 3. ''Why should we be afraid ? 4. We have done nothing 'to make us afraid. 5. 1 was not aware ®that I had done anything "to make me afraid. 6. Why do you lK)ast of your victory ? 7. They ^'^made great boasts alx)ut their victory. 8. Caesar felt indignant because the Helvetians had harassed the -^duans. 9. The immor- tal gods "are wont to punish men for their crimes." 10. Sometimes the gods grant us prosjK^rity'' that'* we may suffer more keenly from a cliange.*^ 11. Although" this is 80, still we are "going to make peace with you. 12. Although you are sorry for your crimes, still the gods will punish you. 8 C^SAR: GALLIC WAR, BOOK L CHAPTER XV. 15. 1. ^In what direction did Caesar march ? 2. Send ahead some^ horsemen *to follow up the enemy's line.* 3. A *few of the Helvetians joined battle with our cav- alry. 4. With* a few of our horsemen we drove a multi- tude of their horsemen. 5. Occasionally they ^make a bolder stand. 6. Can you not restrain your men from battle ? 7. It is enough to harass the enemy's rear.* 8. There are not more than ^four or live miles between us and the enemy. 9. Could Caesar keep his men from for- aging ? 10. Don't you consider this enough for the present? CHAPTER XVI. 16. 1. Caesar importuned the ^duans for the grain. 2. Not only is there no fodder at hand, but ^not even are the crops in the fields ripe. 3. Moreover, the grain which we brought up the Arar^ we cannot use. 4. We do not wish to turn our course from the Arar. 5. The day is at hand on which the leaders must^ be called together. 6. Is it necessary' to put him off day after* day ? 7. *What sort of power had Liscus over his i)eople ? 8. Liscus was vio- lently accused because, ^though the enemy were near. Tie did not help Caesar. 9. Could they buy grain? 10. He coiiplained ^because the war had been undertaken at a crimcal time. CHAPTER XVII. 17. 1. Liscus Tias much more power than 'even Divitiar «^. 2. There were some *who were influenced by Caesar's argument. 3. Liscus was prevented *from disclosing what FOB ORAL TRANSLATION. 9 he 'ought to have disclosed. 4. We ought not to use yio* lent language. 5. I do not doubt that they ^are going to collect the grain. 6. He did not doubt that his plans were disclosed to the enemy. 7. Nay even, he said that he disclosed the matter 'on compulsion. 8. •\Vhat goes on in Gaul is disclosed to the Romans. 9. I will keep still as long as I can.* 10. I cannot restrain them. CHAPTER XVIII. 18, 1. Dumnorix was pointed at by Liscus. 2. *Don*t discuss these matters *in my presence. 3. What did you say in the meeting ? 4. Speak 'with the utmost freedom and boldness. 5. Dumnorix is a man^ of great liberality. C. *When you bid, nobody dares to bid against yoii. 7. I always have about me a large number of horsemen. 8. I hate Dumnorix 'on my own account. 9. I Tiave the high- est hopes *of purchasing the revenues at a low price. 10. He despair^ of the favor of the Roman people. CHAPTER XIX- 19. 1. Cifsiir lia