** "^^^ ^ THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES #At _/ George Horive, D.D. ]'/,/,//>/ N^,-riJ. ,y,t3.fiy (r.' Mrs. Salmoris Letter on his Death, 197. Llis Foetry, Specimens of, 111 { feq. His Cautions to the Readers of Mr. Law, 198.- Letter to a Lady on Jacob Behmens Writings, 205. His Thoughts on feveral great and inter efting Subjects y Q.'^^ et feq. Chronological Cat ahgue of his Writings^ 414 et feq. A PRE- PREFATORY EPISTLE T O WILLIAM STEVENS, Efq. MY DEAR FRIEND, X HE works of the late Bifliop Home are m many hands, and will be in many more. No reader of any judgment can proceed far into them, without difcovering, that the author was a perfon of eminence for his learning, eloquence, and piety ; with as much wit, and force of ex- preflion, as were confiftent with a temper fo much corrected and fweetened by devotion. To all thofe who are pleafed and edified by his writings, fome account of his life and converfation will be interefting. They will naturally wifh to hear what pafled between fuch a man and the world in which he lived. You and I, who knew him fo well and loved him fo much, may be A fufpeded ( li ) fufpeded of partiality to his memory ; but we have unexceptionable teftimony to the greatnefs and importance of his charad:er. While we were under the firft impreflions of our grief for the lofs of him, a perfon of high diftind:ion, who was intimate with him for many years, declared to you and to mc, that he verily believed him to have been the bejl man he ever knew. Soon after the late Earl of Guildford was made Chancellor of the Univerfity of Oxford, another great man, who was allowed to be an excellent judge of the weight and wit of converfation, recommended Dr. Home, who was then vice-chancellor, to him in the following terms : " My Lord, I queflion whether you know your vice-chancellor fo well as you ought. When you are next at Oxford, go and dine with him ; and when you have done this once, I need not afk you to do it again ; you will find him the pleafanteft man you ever met with." And fo his lordfhip feemed to think (who was himfelf as pleafant a man as moft in the kingdom) from the attention he paid to him ever after. I have heard it obferved of him by another gentleman, who never was fufpeded of a want of judgment, that if fome friend had fol- lowed him about with k pen and ink, to note down his fayings and obfervations, they might have ( i" ) have furniflied out a colledion like that which Mr. Bofwell has given to the public ; but fre- quently of a fuperlor quality ; becaufe the fubjeds which fell in his way were occafionally of an higher nature, out of which more improvement would arife to thofe that heard him : and it is now much to be lamented, that fo many of them have run to wafte*. An allufion to the life of Dr. Johnfon, reminds me how much it was wdlhed, and by Dr. Home in particular, who well knew and highly valued him, that Johnfon would have diredled the force of his underftanding againft that modern paper- building of philofophical infidelity, which is founded in pride and ignorance, and fupported by fenfuality and ridicule. A great perfonage was of opinion, that Johnfon fo employed would have borne them down with the w^eight of his language : and he is reported to have exprefled the fentiment with fmgular felicity to a certain perfon, when, the mifchievous writings of Vol- taire were brought into queftion ; " 1 wifh John- fon would mount his dray-horfe, and ride over fome of thofe fellows." Againft thofe fellows A colledion of his thoughts on various fubjeds is preferved in a-xnanufcript, written with his own hand. A 2 Dr* ( !^ ) Dr. Home employed much of his time, and fome of the moft ufeful of his talents : not mounted upon a dray-horfe, to overbear them ; but upon a light courier, to hunt them fairly down ; with fuch eafy arguments, and pleafant reflexions, as render them completely abfurd and ridiculous : an account of which will come before us in the proper place. His Conftderat'ions on the Life mid Death of Johfi the Baptijl^ and his fermon, preached in St. Sepulchre's church at London, for the benefit of a charity fchool for girls, on the Female CharaEler^ feem to me, above all the reft of his compofitions, to mark the peculiar temper of his mind, and the direction of his thoughts. When I read his book on fohn the Baptiji^ I am perfuaded, there was no other man of his time, whofe fancy as a writer was bright enough, whofe fkill as an interpreter was deep enough, and whofe heart, as a moralift, was pure enough, to have made him the author of that little work. His Female Chara&cr, as it ftands in the fermon above-mentioned, now printed in his fourth volume, difplays fo much judgment in difcriminating, fuch gentle benevolence of heart, and fo much of the elegance of a poliflied under- ftandlng, in defcribing and doing juftice to the fex J that every fenfible and virtuous woman, who ( V ) \vho fliall read and confider that fingular dif- courfe, will blefs his memory to the end of the world. While we fpeak of thofe WTitings which are known to the public, you and I cannot forget his readinefs and excellence in %vriting letters ; in which employment he always took delight from his earlieft youth ; and never failed to en- tertain or inftru6t his correfpondents. His mind had fo much to communicate, and his words were fo natural and lively, that I rank fome of his letters among the moft valuable produdions of the kind. I have therefore reafon to rejoice, that amidft all my interruptions and removals, I have preferved more than a hundred of them ; in reviewing of which, I find many obfervations on fubjedls of Religion, Learning, Politics, Man- ners, &c. w^hich are equally inftrudtive and en- tertaining ; and would certainly be fo erteemed if they were communicated to the world ; at leaft, to the better part of it : for there were very few occurrences or tranfad:ions of any importance, either in the church, or the Rate, or the literary world, that efcaped his obfervation ; and in feveral of them he took an adive .part. But in familiar letters, not intended for the public eye (as none of his ever were), and fuggefted by the A 3 incidents ( vi ) incidents of the time , fome of them trivial and domeftic, there will be of courfe many paiTages of lefs dignity than will entitle them to publication. Yet, upon the whole, I am fatisfied that a very Vifeful feledion might be made out of them ; and I will not defpair of making it myfelf at fomq future opportunityt. From an early acquaintance with Grck and Latin authors, and the gift of a lively imagina- tion, he addided himfelf to Poetry ; and fome of his produdions have been defervedly admired. But his ftudies were fo foon turned from the treafures of claffical wit to the fources of chriftian wifdom, that all his Poetry is either upon facred fubjeds, or upon a common fubjed; applied to fome facred ufe : fo that a pious reader will be fure to gain fomething by every poetical effort of his mind. And let me not omit another re- markable trait of his charader. You can be a, witnefs with me, and fo could many others who were ufed to his company, that few fouls were f In the Gentleman's Magazine for Auguft 1703, p. 688, I threw out a letter of Bifliop Home, as a fpecimen both of the flyle and of the ufual fubjedls of his epiftolary writings. It was the firfl that came to hand on opening a large parcel of them : and I may leave every reader to judge whether that letter be not curious and important. Compared with the prefent times, it fcems prophetical. ever ( vii ) ever more fufceptlble than his of the charms of mufic, efpecially the facred mufic of the church ; at the hearing of whicli, his countenance was illuminated ; as if he had been favoured with impreffions beyond thofe of other men ; as if heavenly vifion had been fupcradded to earthly devotion. He therefore accounted it a peculiar happinefs of his life, that from the age of twenty years, he was conftantly gratified with the fervice of a choir; at Magdalen fcollege, at Canterbury, and at Norwich. His lot was caft by providence amidft the fweets of cloyftered retirement, and the daily ufe of divine harmony ; for the enjoyment of both which he was framed by nature, and formed by a religious education. Upon the whole, I never knew a perfon, in whom thofe beautiful lines of Milton"^, of which he was a great admirer, were more exadly verified : But let my due feet never fail To walk the fludious cloyfter's pale ; And love the high embowered roof With antique pillars mafly proof; And ftoried windows richly petltey ivith a very bad digejilon*. In juftice to Mr, * This was written before I had a fight of the learned Bifhop_ Hurd's Life of Dr. Warburtcn, lately publifned, in which fiich fub- Kmc praifes are beftowed on the Alliance, the Divine Legation, and pthcr works of that fanciful but very ingenious projedor of unfoun^ Dr. HORN E. 43 Mr. Holloway, whatever might be fuid agairift hirfiii it mud be faid for bini, that he was a found claffical fcholar, who had gone farther than mod men into the myfteries of the Greek Philofophy ; and to an attentive ftudy of the Chriftian Fathers had added great fkill in the Hebrew and Arabic languages ; fuch as qua- lified him to take up and maintain the caufe of the flehmv Primavity againft its opponents. Confined as he was to the folitude of a country parifh, if he found himfelf out of pradlice in the writing of Latin, he ufcd to renew it occafionally by readmg over the Moria Encomium of Erafmus, which never failed to rcinfi:ate him : and I am perfuaded the anecdote may be of ufe to other fcholars when in danger of lofing their Latinity. Mr. Holloway was firft induced to take notice of Mr. Home, on occafion of fome verfes which he had addrefled to his friend Mr, Watfon. They expreflcd Cd theories. Though I honour the charafter of Bifhop Hurd, and admire every thing he writes, my opinion of the ufefulnefs of the works of Dr. Warburton is very little changed by what I have feen. I am ftill perfuaded, that neither religion nor learning will ever de- rive much benefit, nor the Chriftian world any confiderable edijicat'ion^ from the works of that famous writer : neither will they probably derive any great harm ; becaufe it is apprehended, the reading of Bifhop Warburton's books will hereafter be much lefs than it hath been. The Methodifts defpifed him for a part of his Chriftian cha- pter, as much as he defpifed them for a part of their character; and both had equal reafon. His learning is alraoft as much unlike ta Chxiftianity, as their Chriftianity is unlike to learning. I forbear to indulge any farther reflexions on fo critical a fubject. the 44 THE LIFE OF the ardor of his gratitude^ and difcovcred a poetical grnius.* The Rev, Mr. Wclbourne of Wendelbury near Bi- cefter in Oxfordfliire, whom from the monadic fpirit of a fingle life, and a remarkal)]e attachment to the ftiidv of Antiquity/ Mr. Home delighted to call by the name of Roherttis Wendelhunenfis^ was very much refpe(51ed and beloved, and often vifited by Mr. Home fo long as he lived. Educated at Wefiminfler and Chriftchurch, he was a fcholar of the politer clafs; and with it a deep and fkilful ftndcnt in the Scn))turc, of\yhich he gave a fpecimen in an interpretation of the laft words of David from the Hebrew. He went farther in this, and with better fuccefs, than the learned and ingenious Dr. Grey, the verlifier of thq Book of Job, after the manner of Bifhop Hare's Pfahns, with whom he had been acquainted. He wrote well in Englifh and Latin, and compofed feveral learned works, which had their exceptionable paflagcs, from a vifible inclination toward fome of the peculiarities of the Church of Rome. He had lived feverai years in llricfl friendfhip with Dr. Frewcn the Phyfician, in whofe houfe he always refided when he made a vifit to Oxford ; alfo with the Reverend Sir John Dolben of Finedon in Northamptonfhire, the learned, accom- plifhed, devout, and charitable father of the prefent It was rather officious to give them to the world, as fomebody hath done fince Dr. Home's death. Our opinion of a great and good man, who has finilhed his courfe, ought not to be gathered from the hafty and ardent produAions of his youth. woirthy Dr. HORNE. 45 Worthy SirWilliam Dolbcn, member for the Univerfity of Oxford ; and alfo Mr. Counfellor Gilpin ; to the laft of whom he left his collection of Grecian and Roman coins ; which, if I am rightly informed, is now in the new library at Ch rill-church*. Another excellent friend of Mr. Home was the late Dr. Patten, of Corpus Chrifti College ; a gen- tleman of the purcll manners and unqueftionable erudition. On re-confidering the llate of the queftion between Chrillians and Infidels, and feeing how ab- folutcly neccfiary it was to fpeak a plain language in a cafe of fuch importance to the world, he gave to the Univerfity of Oxford a difcourfe which he called the Chriflian Apology ; and which the Vice-chancellor and Heads of Houfes requefted him to publifh. It went upon true and indifputable principles ; but it was not reliflicd by the rath reafoners of the Warbur- tonian fchool ; and a Mr. Hcathcote, a very intem- perate and unmanly writer, who was at that time an afliftant-preacher to Dr. Warburton at Lincoln's Inn, publifhcd a pamphlet againll it ; laying himfelf open, both in the matter and the manner of it, to the criti- cifms of Dr. Patten ; who will appear to have been greatly his fuperior as a fcholar and a divine, to any candid reader who fliail review that controverfv. Dr. Patten could not with any propriety be faid to have * The cornplexion of this good man's charaiSler may be diftin- giiiflied in the laft letter I received from him, about two months before his death, of which I had an account from Dr. Home. I Ihall givs both the letters in the Appendix. written 46 THELIFEOF written on the Hutchinfonian plan ; but Mr. HeatH^ cote found it convenient to charge him with it, and fuggeft to the pubHc that he was an Hutchinfonian j tvhich gave Dr. Patten an opportunity of fpcaking his private fentimcnts, and doing juftice to thofe gentle- men in the Univerfity of Oxford, who were then under* the reproach of being followers of Hutchinfon*. The Rev. Dr. Wetherell, now Dean of Hereford, tvas then a youngs man in the College of which he is ftoW the worth V Mailer t and fuch was his zeal at that time in favour of Hebrew literature, that Mr. Home, and Mr. Wetherell, and Mr. Martin (now Dr. Fairfax), and a fourth perfon intimately connedled with them all, fat down for one whole winter, to ex- amine and fettle as far as they were able^ all the Thcmata of the Hebrew language ; writing dowa their remarks daily, and collecting from Marias, and Buxtorf, and Pagninus and others, what might be af uf6 for compiling a new Lexicon. How much judg- ment they had, at this early period, to render their papers valuable, we dare not fay : but fuch as they were, the fruits of a faithful and laborious fertitiny, at copy of them was handed to the learned Mr. Park- hurfl:, late ofthe Univerfity of Cambridge, an eminent labourer in the fame vineyard, to whom the public * On occafion of this paragraph, I have reconfidcrcd Dr. Palten's Difcourfe, and the Defence of ft; and am perfuaded it might be of much fervlcc, if every young man were to read them both, before he takes holy orders. His pifture of fafhionable Chriftianity is very alarming, and I fear it is not exaggerated. have Dr. HORNE. 47 havefihce been greatly indebted for three editions of his Hebrew Lexicon ; which contains fuch variety of curious and ufeful information, that, contrary to ihe nature of other Dictionaries (properly fo called), it may be turned over for entertainment as a Commentary on the Scripture, and a Magazine of Biblical Erudition. His two fcriptural Lexicons, the one Greek, the other Hebrew, are both fo excellent in their v.'ay, that they will laft as long as the world ; unlefs the new Goths of infidelity fhould break in upon us and deftroy, as they certainly with to do, all the monuments of Chriftian learnino;*. Do61;or George Berkeley, of late years a Prebendary of the church of Canterbury and Chancellor of Breck- nock, was then Mr. George Berkeley, a lludent of Chrill-clTurch, a fon of that celebrated pattern of virtue, fcience, and apoftolical zeal. Dr. Berkeley, Bifliop of Cloy ne in the kingdom of Ireland ; who chofc to fpcnd the latter days of his life in retirement at Oxford, while his fon was a member of the Univer- fity. Between this gentleman and Mr. Home a very early intimacy commenced, and much of their time was fpent in each other's company. Under the train- ing, and with the example of fo excellent a father, Mr. Berkeley grew up into a tirm believer of the Chriftian religion, and difcovered an affectionate re- * The third edition of Mr. Parkhurft's Hebrew Lexicon was promoted by Billiop Home, whofe name ftands firft 'aniong the patrons to whom it is infcribed j though Biftiop Home did not h've till it was publifhed. gard 4S TliE LIFE OF gard to ever}^ man of letters, who was ready, like hirtl- (elf, to explain and defend it. He was confequently a very zealous admirer of Mr. Home ; and the one had the happinefs of belonging to the Chapter, while the other for fcveral years was Dean of Canterbury i and when his friend was removed to the See of Nor- wich, Dr. Berkeley preached his Confecration Sermorl at Lambeth ; an a6l of refpe6l for which he had referved himfelf, having been under a perfuafion^ f(3r fome years before, that he Ihould fee Mr. Home become a Bifhop. His difcourfe on that occaiion fhewed him to be a ti*ue fon, and an able miniiler of the Church of England : and another difcourfe, originally delivered on a 30th of January, and re- printed fince with large and curious annotations, has diftinguilTied him for as firm and loyal afubje6l to his king and the laws of his country. Dr. Berkeley was very greatly efteemed by his patron the late Arch- bilbop Seeker, with whom he had much influence} and he never ceafed to take adv^antage of it, till he had obtained preferment from him for one of his old friends, who had no other profpedl. The father of Dr. Berkeley has been made Igiown to the world by a few happy words of Mr. Pope : but the following anecdote, which is prcferved among the priv^ate notes of Bifhop Home, will give us a more exa6l idea of his character. Bifliop Atterbury, having heard much of Mr. Berkeley, widicd to fee him. Accordingly, he was one day introduced to him by the Earl of Berkeley. After fome time. Mr. Berkeley left the room: Dr. HORN E. 49 rooirf : dn which Lord Berkeley faid to the Blfhop, " Does my coufin anfvver your Lordlliip's expe6la- tions ?" The Bifhop, Hfting up his hands in aftonrilli- ment, rephed, " So much underltanding, fo much knowledge, fo much innocence, and fiich humiHty, I did not think had been the portion of any but an- gels, till I fiiw this gentleman i" The paflage is taken from Hughes's Letters. IL 2.* Mr. Samuel Glaile, a ftudent of Chrift-churcb, who had the repute he merited of being one of the heft fcholars from Weftminfter fchool, was another of Mr. Home's intimate friends, and continued to love and admire him through the whole courfe of his life. The world need not be told what Dr. Glafle has been doing Unce he left the Univerfity, as a divine, as a magiflratc, as a teacher and tutor of the firfl; eminence; of whofe ufeful labours, the gofpel, the law, the church, the bar, the fchools of learning, the rich and the poor, have long felt and confefled the benefit: and may they long continue fo to do 1 although it may be faid, without any fufpicion of flattery, in the words of the Poet non deficit alter aureus a ton whofe learning, abilities and good principles have already entitled him to the tlranks of his country, and will fecure his fame with pofterity. This gentleman, the fon of Dr. G. diitinguifhed himfelf very early in life by his uncommon proficiency * Dr. Berkeley, the excellent fon of an excellent father, changed this world (in which he had feen much trouble) for a better, on the day of Epiphany 1795, before this work went to theprcfs. D ill so THE LIFE OF in Hebrew literature, which procured him the favour of Dr. Kennicott, and a fludentfhip of Chrift-chiirch. He has fincc ac(:juired a great addition of fame as a claffical fcholar, by his elegant tranflation into Greek Iambics of Mafbn's Caraclacus, and Milton's Samfon .Agoniflcs, adapted in form, and ftyle, and manner, to the ancient Greek drama*. And he has recently fhewn himfelf an elegant Englifh writer, as well as a pious and well informed divine, by his publication of the Contemplations of Bifhop Hall, in a form very much improved. He had prepared a Dedication of that excellent work to Bifhop Home ; but the Bifhop dying, while the work was depending, an advertife- ment is prefixed, which does great honour to his memory. From Weftminfiier fchool there came, at an earlier period, a Mr. John Hamilton of Univerfity College, xvhofe father was a Member of the Irifh Parliament, and his mother a Lady of high rank. This amiable * Though I fpeak with refpc6l of this, as a work of great fcholar- Ihip, and even wonderful in a young man, I have my doubts, whether any Englifhman can exhibit unexceptionable Greek verfification, in which a Critic cannot, with a microfcope in his hand, and a little jea- loufy in his eye, difcover flaws and pinholes ; and, that a Greek ver- fion of a fine Englifh Poem, whoever produces it, will at laft be but a bad likenefs of a good thing: which may be faid without impeaching the parts or the diligence of any tranflator. When a man writes in a dead language, he does it at a great hazard : and 1 have heard this matter carried to fuch a.-nicety by an eminent fcholar, as to fuppofe it dangerous, even in Latin compofition, to put a noun and a verb togclhcr, unlefs you can find that noun and that verb aAually ftand- ing together xn fome natire Latin wntcrof allowed authority. young Dr. HORN E. 51 young man, for the politencfs of his behaviour, his high accompHfhmcnts as a clafflcal fcholar, his vivacity of temper and readinefs of wit, was a companioa equally rcfpeclable and defirable ; fo nearly alHed in difpofition and abilities to the two chara<^ers of Mr. Watfon and Mr. Home, that afln<5lfnendfliipgrew up between them. The example of fbme feducing companions from Wcftminiier fchool, had rendered him for a while diffipated and thoughtlefs : but when the time approached, in which he was required to pre- pare himfclf for holy orders, he determined to become a clergyman in good earneft ; gave himfelf up to lludy and retirement ; and was known to rife frequently at four o'clock in a fummer's morning, to read the works of St. Auttin. With this difpofition, it is no wonder he was ready to embrace every opportunity of deriving Inore light to his Chriftian ftudies. He therefore foon became a Hebrew ftudent in common with his friends, and made a rapid progrefs in divinity. For a time he took upon himfelf the curacy of Bedington in Surrey: but he was foon advanced to the archdeaconry of Raphoe in Ireland, having firit obtained a prefcntatiorl to the valuable living of Taboyne ; where, to the iofs of the world, and the unfpeakable grief of the au- thor of thefe papers, to whom he was a moft affec- tionate and valuable friend, he foon aftenvards died. In the beginning of his indifpofition, he had been almoft miraculoufly rcftored at Briftol in the fpring of the year 1 754, juft at the time when the living was given to him by Lord Abercorn his relation, and the D 2 dignity 51 THELIFEOF dignity fuperadded by the Bifhop of the diocefe. Ir^ land was a ftage, on which his learning and principles^ his adHve zeal, his polite manners and great abilitiesi, were much wanted. They have at this time but a mean opinion of that kind of learning which this young archdeacon fo much valued andafFe61ed. Had he lived, he might have done much good in bringing over many confiderable perfons to an attentive fludy of the fcrip- ture, which had produced fo happy an eifeift upon him- felf. But alas 1 inftead of this, it is now reported, that the country has been confiderably hurt in its principles by fbme modern writings, which have lately come into vogue ; of which it is not my bufinefs in this place to (peak more particularly. It has given me great pleafurc, thus to take a re- view, hafty as it has been, of fome ofthofe excellent perfons, with whom Mr. Home was conne6led in the days of his youth. A reader who is a ftranger to all the parties, may fufpect that I have turned my pen to the making of extraordinary chara(5\ers ; but, I truft, he will take my word for it, that I have only made them fuch as I found them ; and fuch as the fcite good Bifliop their friend would have reprelented them, had he been alive and called upon to do them juftice. I am convinced, his own pen would have given more to fome, not lefs to any : and that hft would have mentioned others of whom I have not fpoken ; tor certainly I might have added many to the collection ; fuch as, the Rev. John Auchmuty, whofe father wzs Dean of Armagh, and who ufed to aniufc D R. H O R N E. 5j aTHiife us with an account ofhis adventures atTetuan in Africa, during his chaplaindiip under Admiral Forbes : Mr. James Stiliingfleet, a grandfon to the celebrated and learned Biftiop of that name ; firlt one of the Hebrew Exhibitioners at Wadham College ; afterwards Fellow of Merton, and now Prebendary of Worccltcr : Mr. George Downing, another Hebrew Exhibitioner at Wadham College, and now a Pre- bendary of Ely, whom Mr. Home admired and re- fpcdted for thofe virtues and qualifications, which have endeared him to all his acquaintance. To thefe I might add Mr. Edward Stillingfleet, a Gentleman Commoner of Wadham : the Reverend John Whit- akcr, now fo well known by his Icai'ned and valuable writings ; with others of like charaS:er and literature, to none of whom do I mean ai?y difrefpc6l if I have omitted them. There was odc very learned gentle- man in particular, Mr. Forfter of Corpus Chrifti College, who publillied a beautitul quarto edition of the Hebrew Bible, and had the reputation of being & profound fcholar. This learned man introduced himfelf to Mr. Home's acquairjtance, only for the opportunity of conferring with him on fome principles which he had newly adopted in Philofophy and Divi- nity. How far Mr. Home and Mr. Forlter proceeded in the argument, I cannot exacily fay; but this I well remember, that when the confuhJlaTitiaTity of the ele- ments came into queftion, Mr. Foi-fter did not (eem to think that do(51rinc improbable, which later en- quiries have rendered much Icfs fo : and allowed, D 3 that 54 THE LIFE OF that if the public were once fatisfied in that parti- cular, he believed very few obje6tions wpuld be ma,de to the philofophical fob erne of Mr, Hutchinfon*. I am now to conclude with a charadler, which I introduce with fome relu6lance ; but it is too re^ markable to be omitted in an account of Mr. Home's literary connedtions ; and fome ufeful moral attends it in every circumftance : the character I mean is that of the late Dr. Dodd. Humanity fliould fpcak as tenderly of him, as truth will permit, in conlidera-r tion of his too fcvere and lamentable fate, A limilitude in their ftudics and their principles produced an acquaintance between Mr. Hornc and Mr. Dodd : for when Mr. Dodd began the world, ht \Vas a zealous favourer of Hebrew learning, and diftinguifhed himfelf as a preacher; in which capacity he undoubtedly excelled (to a certain. degree), and itt his time did much good. Alter Mr. Dodd had been noticed in the Univerlity of Cambridge for fomo of his exercifes, he m^lde himfelf known to the public by an Englifh poetical tranllation of Callimachus, in which he difcoVered a poetical genius. Of the Pre- fdee to the tranflation of Callimachus, which gives the l>eft general account, that was ever given in fo iliort a compafs, of the Heathen Mythology, the greater part was WTitten for him by Mr. Home. It is'fuppofed with good rcafon that Mr. Dodd was 6bliged to othei-s of his friends for fevcral ufeful notes * See J^r. Home's Apology (hereafter to be fj>,oken of) p. 35, 3'6 ; where this crorrfa:?ncc with Mr. Fcfrfter is alluikd to. on Dr. HORN E. || on the text of Callimachus. He makes a particular acknowledgment to the Rev. Mr. Parkhurlt, " fronof whole found judglnentj enlarged undcrftanding, unn wearied application, and generous opcnnefs of heart,- the world has great and valuable fruits to expert." Archbifhop Seeker conceived a favourable opiniork of Mr. Dodd, from his performances in the pulpit ; and it was probably owing to the influence of thc^ Archbifhop, that he was appointed to preach the fer- mons at Lady Moyer's Lectures. But this unhappy, gentleman, having a ftrong delire to make a figure in the world, with a turn to an expenfive w^ay of living ; and finding that his friends, who unhappily were fuffering under the damnatory title of Hutehin- fonians, would never be permitted (as the report thea was) to rife to any eminence in the Church ; Mr. Dodd thought it more prudent to leave them to their fate, with the hope of fucceeding better in fome other way : and, to purge himfelf in the eye of the world, he wrote exprellly againft them ; laving many grievous things to their charge ; fome of which were true,, when applied to particular pcrfons ; fome greatly exaggerated ; and fome utterly falfe ; as it may well be imagined, when it is confidered, that the author was writing to ferve an intereft*. There * When it was under deliberation whether any anfwer (hould be given to this book of Mr. Dodd, Mr. Home objedled to it in the following terms, which difcover his great prudence and judgment. ** Whoever fhall anfwer It, will be under the neceffity of appearing D 4 as 56 THE LIFE OF There could be no better judge than Mr. Dodd himfelf of the motives on which he had afllimed a new chara(9:er. He certainly did himfelf fome good, in the opinion of thofe, who thought he was grown wifer: but being fenfible, how far he had carried fome things, and how much he had loft himfelf, in the efteem of his old friends, he was anxious to know what fome of them faid about him. He therefore applied himfelf one day to a lady of great underftanding and piety, who knew him well, and who alfo knew moll of them ; defiring her to tell him, what Mr. fuch an one foid of him f He fays of you, anfwered flic- Dcvias hath forfaken us, having loved this prefent world : with which he appeared to be much afFc6led. Not that the thing had adlually been faid, fo far as I know, by the perfon in queflion ; but fhe, knowing the pro-^ priety with which it mi^hthave, been faid, gave him the credit of it. There was a general appearance of vanity about Mr. Dodd, which was particularly dif- gufting to Mr. Home, who had none of it himfelf; and the levity, with which he had totally caft off his fonner fludies, being added to it, both together de- termined him to drop the acquaintance with little. 2S a Partizan, which in thefe tixnes ftipiJ^ be avoided as much as pof- ^hle. I had much rather the name of Hutchinfon were dropped, and the ufcful things in him recommended to the world, with their evidence, in another manner than they have been. Mankind are tired and fick (I am fure I am for one) with the fruitlefs fquabbles and altercations about etymologies and particularities. In the mean time, the great plan of Philofophy and Theology, that mufl Inftruft ana edify, lies dormant,'* hcfitation. Dr. HORN E. 57 hefitation. He not only avoided his company, but conceiving a dillike, as well to his moral as to his literary chara6ler, is fuppofed to have given fuch an account of him in one of the public papers, as made him very ridiculous, under the name of Tojn Dingle: Not long aftenvards Mr. Foote brought him upon the flage for a tranfa6tion which refle<5ied great difhonour upon a clergyman, and for which the King ordered him to be ftnick off the lift of his chaplains. The revolt of Mr. Dodd, if he meant toraife him- felf in the world by it, did by no means anfwer his purpofe. Tt brought him into favour with Lord Chefterfield ; but that did much more hurt to hi againft the prelates of this church; The thing is written in the fame fpirit with the Martin Mar- Prelate of the old Puritans, though in a fuperior ftrain of irony and had for its author a man whofe tiame was Biron, a Diflcnting Teacher of eminence ; ^vhofe works are colle6led together, and publifhed, under the terrific title of The Pillars of Prieftcraft Shaken. The Church of England^ whofe religion is here intended by the word prieficraft, never had a morb willing adverfary than this man ; unlefs it were Gkirdoh, the author of the Independent Whig; whofe writings, plentifully difperfed there, contributed not a little to. the revolt of America, by rendering them more difaffe<5led to the religion of the mother country. So Ibng as a connexion remained with the non- conforming readers of Mr. Plutchinfon, it was ex- pedled by thenij that all church-differences would be laid afide, as matters o( no fgn'if cation ; and that both parties would join hands againft the common enemies of Chriftianity. Things being thus difpofed, an oc- currence intervened, to which Mr. Home, as it appears from fome of his lettei-s, imputed the breach which afterwards took place, and his ov;n deliverance, in confequence of it, from all danger of fanatical in- fection. E Dr. G6 THE LIFE OF Dr. Crayton, then Bifhop of Clogher in IrekncI, in the year 1750, publiflied his Eflay on Spirit, with clefign to recommend the Arian doctrine, and to pre- pare the way for fuitablc alterations in the Liturgy. The favourers of hercfy are feldom found to be the enemies of fchifm : this author therefore, to ftrengthen his party, diftinguifhed himfelf as a warm friend to the caufc of the Sectaries ; intimidating the Church with the profpecl of deflru6Hon, unlefs the fafety of it were provided for by a timely compliance with the demands of its adverfaries. This Eflay being reported to come from a perfon of fuch eminence in the Church, alarmed her friends and animated her enemies. It carried with it a (hew of learning, and fome fubtilty of ai-gument : an anfwer to it was therefore expedteci and withed for. It happened at this time, that I was fettled at Tinedon in Noilhamptonfliire, as Curate to the Reverend Sir John Dolben ; which I have reafon to remember as a moft happy circumftance in the early part of my life. In this lituation I was frequently vifited by my friend and fellow-ftudent Mr. Home. He came to me, poflefled with a defire of feeing an Anfwer to this Ellay on Spirit ; and perfuaded me to undertake it. All circumftances being favourable^ 110 objection was made ; and accordingly down we fat together for a whole month to the bufmefe. The ^oufe of my patron Sir John Dolben had an excellent library ; a conlidcrablc part of which had defcendcd from Archbithop Dolben ; and it was furniflied witJi books. D R. H O R N E. ey books in every branch of reading, as well antient as modern, but particularly in divinity and ecclefiaftical hiftory. In a country parifh, without fuch an ad- vantage, our attempt had been wild and hopelefs : but with it, we had no fear of being at a lofs concerning any point of learning that might arife; What Bifnop Clayton (fuppofing him to be the author of an Eiiay on Spirit) had offered in favour of the non-conformifts^ obliged us to lobk into the controverf}- between them and the church, which as yet we had never confidered; and to cohfult fuch hiftorians as had given a faithful account of it. This inquiry brought many things to our view, of which we had never heard ; and con- tributed very much to confirm us in the profenion to which we had been educated : but, at the fame time, it raifed in bur minds fbme new fufpicions againil our non-conforming friends ; and the occafion called up- on us to fay fome things which it could not be very agreeable to them to hear, fo long as they perfiiled in their feparation. In every controverf)', there will be fome rough places, over which the tender-footed will not be able to pafs without being hurt ; and v,hen this happens, they will probably lay upon others that fault which is to be found only in themfelves. It happened asmight be expe6^cd. When the Anfwer was publifhed, great offence was taken ; and they who had argued for us, as Chrif^ians, in a coiTimon caufe, began now to fhew themfelves as enemies to the Church of England. They addrefTed themfelves io us in fuch a ftrain, to the one by letter, to the E a other 68 THELIFEOF other in converfation, as had no tendency to foften or conciliate ; for it breathed nothing but contempt and defiance. It had therefore the good effe6l of obHging us to go on Hill farther in our inquiries, that we might be able to ftand our ground. To this oc- currence it was firft owing, that Mr. Home became lb well learned in the controverfy between the Church and the Se6laries, and was confirmed for life in his attachment to ,thc Church of England*. It was * The following extraft from a long letter, will (hew how his mind was employed at the time when it was written : " I have been reading fome of the works of Dr, George Hickes againft the Romanifts. He is a found and acute reafoner, and differs from L,eflie in this, that whereas Leflie's method was, to fingle out one point which he calls the jugalum cauftty and Hick to that ; Hickes follows them through all their objeclions ; unravels their fophiftr)', and confirms all he fays with exadl and elaborate proofs. He fhews the greateft knowledge of primitive antiquity, of fathers, councils, and the conilituticn and difcipline of the church in the firlt and pureft ages of it. This kind of learning is of much greater value and confcquence than many now apprehend. What, next after the Bible, can demand a Chriftiau's attention before the hiftorj' of the church, purchafed by the blood of Chrift, founded by infpired apoftles, and aftuattd by a fpirit of love and unity, which made a heaven upon earth even in the rr.idll of perfecution, and enabled them to lay down their lives for the truth's fake ? Much I am furc fs done by tliat cementing bond of the fpirit, which unites Chriftians to "their head and to one another, and makes them confidcr them- felves as members of the fame body, that is as a church, as di fold of iheep, not as flraggling individuals. What I fee of this in a certain clafs of writers, determiiies me to look into that affair." Such a man as this, fo far advanced in the days of his youth, would pay but little regard to fliallow reafonings and hafty language from the enemies of uniformity, another Dr. HORN E. 69 another happy circumilance, that in the ifllie, by perfons of more impartiality, the A nfwer to the Eflay on Spirit, on which we had beitowed fo much labour, was very favourably received ; efpecially in Ireland, where it was moft wanted. The work v/as rendered more ufeful by the opportunity it gave us of explaining fomc abftrufe articles in the learning of antiquity ; particularly, the Hermetic, Pythagorean and Platonic Trinities ; which the writer of the Effay had prefled into his fervicc, to diftra6t the minds of his readers, without pretending to know the fenfe of them. We had the advantage of the author in this fubjedt, from having been permitted to look into fome manufcript papers of a learned gentleman, who hadfpent feveral years of his life in ftudying the myfteries of the antient Greek Philofophy ; which, at the bottom, always proved to be Materialifm. In this the fpcculations of Heathen Philolophers naturally ended; and fo do the fpcculations of thofe modems who follow them in their ways of reafoning. From our frequent intercourfe with the library above mentione_d, we had the good fortune to meet with the works of the Rev. Charles Leflie in two vols, fol. which may be confidered as alibrar}' in themfelves fo any voungftudentofthc Church of England ; and no fuch perfon, who takes a fancy to what he there finds, can ever fall into Socinianifm, Fanaticifm, Popery, or any other of thofe more modern corrup-* fions which infcft this church and nation. Every treatife comprehended in that collcdtion is incom- E 3 parable 70 THELIFEOF parable in its way : and I fhall never forget hovr Mr. Home expreiTed his afionifliment, when he had pe- rufed what Mr. Leflie calls the Hiltory of Sin and Herefy ; which, from the hints that are found in the Scriptures, gives an account how they (Sin and He- refv) were generated among the angels before the beginning of the world : " It is," faid he, " as if the man had looked into heaven, to fee what pafTed there, on occalion of Lucifer's rebellion." In reading IMr. Lellie's Socinian controverfy, he was highly amufed vvith a curiolity, which the author by good fortune, though with great difficulty, had procured and prefented to the public in an Englifh tranllation from the Arabic. It is a Letter addrefled to the Morocco AmbafTador, by two of the Socinian fraternity in England, who called themfelves Two lingle Philofophers, and propofed a religious com- prehenfion with the Turks : the faid Socinians having difcovered, that the Turks and themfelves were {o nearly of one opinion, that very little was wanting on either fide to unite them in the fame communion. The prefent learned Bifhop of Rochefter, Dr. Horfley, lighted upon the fame thing many years afterwards, and was fo much ilruck with its fmgularity, that he has referred to it in his works, to fhew how naturally the religion of the S.ocinians ends in the enthufiafm of Mahomet. The fight of Mr. Leflie's two Theological folios prepared Mr. Home for the reading fuch of his Poli- tical works as fnould afterwards fall in his way : and it Dr. HORNE. 71 ^t was not long before he met with a periodical paper, under the title of The Rehcai*fals, which the author had pubHflicd in the time of Queen Ann/when the Infidels and Diflenters were moftbufy ; and had con- ceived ftrong hopes (as they faid themfelves) of de- stroying the eftabliflied Church. This paper boldly encountered all their arguments ; diflc6led Sidney and Locke ; confuted the republican principles_, and cxpofed all the dcfigns of the party. That party, however, had, at that time, intercft enough to get the paper, which bore fo hard upon them, fupprefled by authority : but not till the writer had done the bell of his 'work; which made him boaft, notwith- Itanding w^hat had happened, that he had fownthefe feeds of orthodoxy and loyalty in this kingdom, w^hich a/l the devils m hell 'would never he able to root out of it. This lingular work, then lately re-printed in fix vo- lumes (1750), fell into the hands of Mr. Home at Oxford, and was examined with equal curiofity and attention. According to his own account, he had profited greatly by the reading of it : and the work, which gave to one man of genius and difcemment lb much fatisfa^tion, mufi; have had its efFe^l on many others ; infomuch that it is iiighly probable, the loy- alty found amonglt us at this day, and by which the nation has of late been fo happily preferved, may have grown up from fome of the feeds then fown by Mr. Lcflie : and I have fome authority for what I fay*. * No farther proof of this will be wanting to thpfe intelligent |er- fons who read the learned Mr. Whitaker's Real Origin of Govern- iftent, one of the greatell and beft pieces the times have produced. E4 This iz THE LIFE OF This I know, that the reading of that work begat \r\ the mind of Mr. Home an early and ftrid attention to thofe political differences, and the grounds of them, which have at fundry times agitated this coun^iy, and difturbed public affairs. In the year when Xhe, Jew- Bill was depending, and after it had paffed the Houfe, he frequently employed himfelf in fending to an evening paper of the time certain communications, which were much noticed; while the author was totally unknown, except to fome of his neareft ac- quaintance. By the favour of a great Lady, it was my fortune (though then very young) to be at a table, where fome perfons of the firft quality were alTembled ; and I heard one of them* very earneft on the matter and ftyle of fome of thefe papers, of which I knew the fecret hiftor}^ ; and was not a little diverted when I heard what paiTed about them. To the author of thofe papers the Jew-Bill gave fo much offence (and the Marriage-Bill not much lefs) that he refufcd to dine at the table of a neighbouring gentleman, where he was much admired, only becaufe the fon-in-law of Mr. pel ham was to be there. He was therefore highly gratified by the part taken in that perilous bufinefs by the Reverend William Romaine ; who oppofed the Confiderations difperfcd about the kingdom in defence of the Jew-Bill, with a degree of fpirit and fuccefs, which reminded us of Swift's oppoiitipn to Wood's Llalf pence in his Drapier's Letters. ** Lord Temple. Mr. Dr. HORN E, 73 Mr. Hornc having entered upon his fii-ft Hebrew iludies, not without an ardent piety, he was ready tg lay hold of every thing that might advance him in the knowledge and pra6lice of the Chriftian life. He accordingly made himfelf well acquainted with the ferious pra6tical writings of the Reverend William Law, which, I believe, were firft recommended to him by Mr. Hamilton, afterwards Archdeacon of Ra-- phoe in Ireland, or by the Reverend Doctor Patten of Corpus Chrifli College. He conformed himfelf in many refpedls to the fi:ri6lnefs of Mr. Law's rules of devotion ; but without any danger of falling, a$ fo many did, after Mr. Law's example, into the ftu- pendous reveries of Jacob Behmcn the German Theofophift. From this he was efFedlually fecured by his attachment to the do6lrines and forms of the primitive Church, in which he- was well grounded by the writings of Leflic, and alfo of the primitive Fa- thers, fome of which were become familiar to him^ and very highly efteemed. But being fenlible how eafy it was for many of thofe who took their piety from Mr. Law, to take his errors along with it, he drew up a very ufeful paper, for the fecurity of fuch pcrfons as might not have judgment enough to dif- tinguifh properly, under the title of Cautions to the Readers of Mr. Law : and excellent they are for the purpofe intended. They fhew the goodnefs of his heart, and the foundncfs of his judgment. Some worthy ladies, who were in the habit of read- ing Mr. Law, had from thence filled their heads with. 9 feveral f-^ THE LIFE OF feverai of the. wild notions of Jacob Benmcn ; and -were zealous in making profelytes. A lady of fafliion ,in Ireland, of the firft rate for beauty, elegance and acconfiplifhment, was going apace into this way, at 4he inftance of a profelyting acquaintance. Her Situation was known and lamented ; and it was earneftly wifhed that fomebody would undertake to open her eyes before fhe was too far gone. Mr. Home, though much intereited in the fuccefs of fuch an attempt, did not take the office upon himfelf, but committed it to a friend ; and the paper produced the deiired effect. When the-writings of Lcflic, or Law, or Hutchin- fon, were before Mr. Home, he ufed them with judg- ment and moderation, to qualify and temper each jfjther : he took what was excellent from all, without admitting what was exceptionable from any. To his academical Greek and Latin he had added a familiar acquaintance with the Hebrew ; and having found his way to the Chriftian Fathers, I confider him now as a perlbn furnithed with every light, and fecured from every danger, which could poffibly occur to him as a member of the Church of England ; and con- fequently well prepared for any fervice the times might require of him. In Englifli divinity he had alfo greatly improved himfelf by tlie writings of Dr. Jackfon, and Dr. Jeremy Taylor : from the latter of which, I fuppofe him to have derived much of that ijfiildnefs and devotion, for which he was afterwards fo D R. H O R N E. j if) conspicuous*. The former^ Dr. Jackfon, is a magazine of theological learning, every where penned with great elegance and dignity, fo that his ftyle is a pattern of perfe6lion. His writings, once thought ineftimable by eveiy body but the Calvinifts, had been greatly negle6led, and would probably have continu- ed fo, but for the praifes bellowed upon them by the celebrated Mr. Merrick of Trinity College in Oxford, who brought them once more into repute with many learned readers. The early extracts of Mr. Hornc, which are now remaining, Ihevv how much informa- tion he derived from this excellent writer; who de- fei-yes to be numbered with the Englifli Fathers of the Church. That there cannot be in the Church of England a ufeful fcholar, unlefs he is precife in fol- lowing the fame track of learning, I vvmII not prefume to fay : but this I (hall always think, that if we are ever to fee another Mr. Hornc ; a commentator lb Ikilful, a preacher fo eloquent, a companion fo plea- fant, a Chriftian fo exemplary ; he mult come out of the fame fchool. With his mind thus furniftied, the time drew near when he was to take holy orders. This was a fcrious * From many pafiages which might be prod^iced from his pi-;vate letters and his printed works, no Engh'fli writer feems to have taken his fancy, and fallen in fo exactly with his own difpofition as Dr. Taylor ; tirft in his Lifeof Chrift, then in his DuftorDubitantium or Rule of Confcicnce, and afterwards in his Rule and Exercife of Holy Dying, which he calls a Golden Traft, and the author of It the inimitable Bilhop Jeremy Taylor. See his Commentary on Pfalm cxix. v. yi. affair y6 THELIFEOF flffair to him : and he entered upon it, as every can- didate ought to do, with a refolution to apply the itudies he had followed to the pra61ice of his miniflry ; and, above all the refi, his fludy of the Holy Scripture, 3oon after he had been ordained on Trinity Sunday 1753 by the Biihop of Oxford, he related the cir- cumftance by letter to an intimate friend, not without adding the following petition, which is well worth preferving : " May he who ordered Peter three times io feed his lamhs^ give me grace, knowledge and fkill to watch and attci^d to the flock, which he purchafed upon the crofs, and to give reft to thofe who are under the burden of tin or foiTOw. It hath pleafed God to call me to the miniftry in very troublefome times in^ deed; when a lion arid a bear have broken into the fold, and are making havock among the fheep. With a firm, though humble confidence, do I purppfe to go forth ; not in my own llrength, but in the ftrength of the Lord God ; and may he profiler the work of my hands !" He came to me, then refident upon the curacy of Finedon in Northamptonfhire, to preach his firft fermon : to which, as it might be expelled, I liftened w'ith no fmall attention ; under an aflurance, that his docirine would be good, and that he was capable of adorning it to a high degree v/ith beautiful language and a graceful delivery. The difcourfc he then preached, though excellent in its kind, is not printed among his other works. Scrupulous critics, ^e thought, might be of opinion, that he had given too great fcope to his imagination : and that the ic^t, in Dr. HORNE. 77 in the fenfe he took it, was not a foundation Iblid enough to build fo much upon. This was his fcn- timent when his judgment was more mature; and he feems to mc to have judged rightly. Yet the difcourfe' v/as admirable in refpcft of its compofition and its moral tendency. Give me an audience of well dif- pofed ChriftianSj among whom there are no dry moral- ills, no faflidious critics ; and I would ftake. my life upon the hazard of pleating them all by the preaching of that fcrmon. With farther preparation, and a little more experience, he preached in a more public pulpit, before one of the largcft and moll polite con- gregations at London. The preacher, whole place lie fupplied, but who attended in the church on pur- pofe to hear him, was fo much affected by what he had heard, and the manner in which it was delivered,, that when he vilited me fhortlv after in the country, he was fo full of this fermon, that he gave me the matter and the method of it by heart ; pronouncing at the end of it, what a writer oi his life ought never to forget, that " George Home was, without ex- ception, the belt preacher in England." Which tefrimony was the more valuable, becaufe it came f]'om a perfon, who had, with m.any people, the re- putation of being fuch himfelf. This fermon is pre- ferved ; and if the reader fhould be a judge, and will take the pains to examine it, he will think it merits, what is here laid of it. The fubjc<5l is the fecond advent of Chrift to judgment. The text is from Rev. 1, "], Behold he, comcih 'j:ith cloids, and eveiy eye Jhall 7? THE LIFE OF jfmll fee hhn, and they alfo which per ced him ; afrdaH hndreds of the earth Jb all wail he^aufe' of him. Even fo. Amen.* Belides his talent for preaching, which from the beginning proraifed (and has now produced) great things ; Mr. Home had obtained fo high a charadler at Oxford, for his humanity, condefccnfion and piety, that his reputation caitie to the ears of a criminal in the Caftle, under fentence of dca:th for dne of the many high-way robberies he Iiad coniimittcd. The name of this man was Dumas ; he was an Irifhman by birth ; and his appearance and addrefs had fo much of the gentleman, that he was a perfon of the tirlt rank in his profcffion. This man having heard of Mr. Home, as a perfon remarkable for his fenfe and goodnefs, requeiled the favour of his attendance ; to which, on a principle of confcience, he confented j though the otiice was fuch as would probably put the tcndernefs of his mind to a very fcvere trial. And fb it proved in the event ; his health being confiderably affccled for fome time afterwards. I do not find among his papers any minutes of this affair prefcrved in writing:}: : and though he gave me a large account of it, to which I could not but liflcn with great atten- tion, I cannot recollect fo much of it as I with to do, at this diftance of time. This I know, that he M.i^ to think anxioufly with himfclf day and nighty See Scrm. vol. I. Di'fc. 6. + Bat the prayers he compofcd for the occafion afe in One of bisMSS.- Hr. hornf. 19 m what manner be fhould addrefs this unhappy riian/ and what kind^ of fpiritual counlrl would be moft likely to fucceed with him ; for be found him, though readv and feniible enough in all common things, de- plorably deftitutc of all religious knowdcdge. To the beft of my remembrance he always chofe to be quite alone with him when he attended ; and by repeated applications, and conflant prayer, rccommendeel by his mild and engaging manner, thought he had made fome confidcrable impreflion upon his mind. In the kift conference before his execution, he thanked Mr.- Home very heartily for his goodnefsto him, and ufed thefe very remarkable words : " Sir, you may perhaps wonder at what I am about to tell you ; but, I do allure you, I feci at this moment no more fcnfc of fear, than I tbould do if I were going a commori journey." To this Mr. Home anfwered, that he was indeed very much furprifed ; but he hoped it was- upon aright principle. And fb XoX us hope : thougii the criminal was fcarcely explicit enough to give due fetisfa61ion, whether this indifference proceeded from* Chriltian hope, or conititutional hardnei]?. Thecon- verfation between tha ordinary and the prifoner the evening before he fuffered (as Mr. Hcrne related it,, Vk'ho was prelent at the interview) contifted chiefly in an cxacl defcription of all the particulars of the ceremonial, which the prifoner w^as to go through in the way to his death ; and of courfe had very little either of comfort or inilru6lion in it. The feelings of that gentleman, who had attended the executions for te THELIFEOF for fcveral years, were very different from thofe of liiii alliflant ; and he fpoke of the approaching execution with as little emotion, as if Mr. Dumas had taken it* place for the next morning in an Oxford coach : fuch is the cfFedlof cuftom upon fome minds. Thus was Mr. Home initiated early into the mod difficult duty of the paftoral charge, the vilitation of the lick and dying : a work of extreme charity ; but for which all men are not equally fit ; fomc be- caufe they have too little tendernefs, others becaufe they have too much. It is a blefiing that there are many helps and directions for thofe who wifh to im- prove themfelvcs. The office in the Liturgy is ex- cellent in its kind, but it doth not come up to all cafes. Among the pofthumous papers of Bifliop Home, I find an inellimable manufcript, which it is probable he might begin to compile for his own ufe about this time, and partly for the occafion of which I have been ipeaking. He was by no means unacquainted with the matter and the language of prayer ; having fhewn to me, as we were upon a walk one fummer's evening in the country, when he was a very young man^ that precious compofition of Biffiop Andrews, the firft copy of which occurred to him in the library of Mag- dalen College; on which he fet fo great a value during the reft of his life, that while he was Dean of Canterbury, he publiflicdj after the example of the excellent Dean Stanhope his predeceflbr, a handfome Englilb edition of it. The original is in Greek and Latin j and it happened fomc time after Mr. Hornci had Dr. HORNE. St liad firft brought the work into reqiieft, that a good number of copies of the Greek and Latin edition were difcovered in a warehoufc at Oxford, where they had lain undiflurbed in fhcets for many years. In the copy publifhed after Dean Stanhope's form, the Ma- nual for the Sick, though the beft thing extant upon its fubje6l, is wholly omitted: but in the pofthumous manufcript I fpeak of, the whole is put together, with improvements by the compiler ; and I wifli all the parochial clergy in the nation were potfefled of it. We are now coming to a more bufy period of Mr^ Home's life, when he was called upon (in the year 1756) to be an apologift for himfelf and fbme of his friends, againft the attack of a literary adverlary. In the controverfy about Hebrew names, and their ^doubtful interpretations, in which the learned Dr. Shaip of Durham was prevailed upon (as it is reported much againft his will) to engage, Mr. Home never interfered ; as being of opinion, that if all that part of Mr. HutchinfOn's fyftem were left to its fate, the inofl ulcful and valuable parts of it would flill remain, with their evidences from the Scripture, the natural world, and the teftimony of facred and profane anti* tjuity. He was likewife of opinion, that where ^jjords ure the fubjexft, words may be multiplied without -end : and the witnefles of the difpute, at leafl the majority of them, having no competent knowledge of fo uncommon a fubjecft, would be fure to go as fafliion and the current of the times fhould direct. That a zealous reader of the Hebrew, captivated by F the 82 THELIFEOF the cunofity of its etymologies^ fhoultl purfuc thcirif beyond the bounds of prudence, is not to be wonderecf at. Many Hebrew etymologies are fo well founded^ and give fo much light into the learning cf antiquity, and the origin of languages, that no man can be a complete Philologift without a proper knowledge of . them^ The learned well know how ufeful Mr. Bry- ant has endeavoured to make himfelf of late years by following them : and yet, it mull be confefled that, with all his learning, he has many fancFcs and pecu- liarities of his own, which he would find it difficirit to maintain. If Hutchinlon and his followers have been fometimes vifionary in their criticifms, and car- ried things too far, it does not appeal* tjiat the worfU . of their interpretations are fo bad as thofe of fome learned critics in the lafl century, who from the allowed primaevity of their favourite language applied it without difcretion to every tiling. All the names in Homer's Iliad and Odyfley were hebraized, and all his fables were derived from fbme hi'ftory or other in the Bible i and this to fueh a degree, as was utterly improbable, and even childrlTi and ridiculous*. Such- are the weakncfTcs to which great fcholars arc fubjedly in common with other men ;. fometimes for want of . light, and fometimes for want of difcretion : and the greatefi fcholars of this- age are not without them. * If the curfous reader can meet with a book under the title of Oi/.rrf^EQfui(uy, he will fee this plan, of deriving all things from the Hebrew, carried to extremity. He may alfo find other examples^ but not b extravagant, in Gale's Court of the Gentiles. Dn. HORNE. 3 ,J)r. Hornej I have reafbn to think, did To much juftice to the criticifms of Dr. Sharp, as to read them care-^ fully : which is more than I dare fay of myfelf ; and I may plead in my behalf the example of my learned and refpe6lable friend, Granville Sharp, Efq. the fori of the Archdeacon ; who very ingenuoufly owned to me, that he had never read his father's books in the Hutchinfonian controverfy : perhaps, becaufe he is caa tell you, within a trifle, how many degrees of the npn-entity of nothing muft be annihilated, before it comes to be fomething. See King's Origin of Evil, ch. iii. p. 129, with the note. That fuch kind of learning as that book is filled with, and the prefent age is much given to admire, has done no fervice to the caufe of truth, but on the contrary that it has done infinite differvice, and almofl reduced us from the unity of Chriftian faith to the wrangling ofphi- lofophic fcepticifm, is the opinion of many bcfides ourfelves, and too furcly founded on fatal exferience''' " As to thofe who are engaged in the ftudy of ufeful Arts and Sciences, Languages, Hiftory, An- tiquities, Phyfics, &c. &c. with a view to make them handmaids to divine knowledge ; we honour their employment, we deilre to emulate their induflry, and moft fincercly wifh them good luck in the name of the Lord." The Mctaphyfical Syftem alluded to above, was a book in great requefl at Cambridge, between the years 1740 and 1750 ; and was extolled by fome young men who ftudied it, as a grand repo- iitory of human wifdom. The notes were written by Dr. Edmund Law, aflerwards Bifhop of Carliflc. Having heai'd fo high a character of it, I once fat down to read it, with a prejudice in its favour. I afterwards (hewed it Mr. Home : and when he had confidercd it, we could not but lament in fccrct, what he at length Dr. HORN E. ^3 length complained of in public, that a work fo un- founded and fo unprofitable fhould have engaged the attention, and excited the adinirction, of fcholars in- ' tended for the preaching of the Gofpel. The account here given of it has fomelhing of the caricature; but the leading principle of the book is in fubftance as the apologift has defcribed it. Whoever the author of the pamphlet was, he feems to have entered upon his work with a perfuafion, that the gentlemen of Oxfoixl to whom he gives the name of Hulchinfonians, were in fuch difelteem with the world, fo little known by fome, and fo much difliked by others, that any bold attack upon their chai'a(5lcrs would be fufficient to run them down : and imagining that his book muft have that effed:, he foretells them how they muft fubmit, in confequenceof it, \odefcend ''C'^ii to crv^(pc^ov. sx.st TO svcreCs-^.' 3. They were of opinion, that the attempt was fuperfluous ; becaufe the exadlnefs of the Maforetical Jews had guarded and fecured the Text of their Bible in fuch a manner, that no other book irt the world had ever been to guarded and lecured : that tberefoi*e -there could not be room for any great alarm upon the fubjedl. feded'^nll things wcrj to become ne-wthe difclphs tvere to lecome one fold., and the abfolute unity of the peerkfs mnjejly of God tuas to h vialntained by the ivhole community of hri/fians. Socmianifm aloiifc was to introduce Paradife and the Millennium. The Socinians of Poland had a tranflation made ; but it did not anfwer their purpofe. See Moflieim's lii&. of Socinianifm, 4. That Dr. HORNE. 99 - 4. That Cardinal Xitnenes and his affiflants, about two hundred years before, had carefully collated the Hebrew Text with mauufcripts, older and better than were now to be met with in the world ; and had ex- hibited a printed Hebrew Text, as perfe6l as could be expecled or need he chfired: becaufe, by Mn Kenni- cott's own confeffion, no fuch errors occurred in the Text as aiFeeled any point of do6lrine ; the various readings being chiefly to be found in dates arid num- bers, which areof lefs importance and more uncertain notation. That therefore, what Cardinal Ximenes had done in a better manner and with greater advan- tages, would now be done With more difficulty, and probably to lefs efFedt. 5. They apprehended, that the difpute about the Hebrew Text, the Samaritan Pentateuch, &c. had been fuffieiently agitated and judicioufly ftated by Carpzov of Leipfic in his writings againfl Whiflon ; fo far at leafl ,as to fhew, that no great things were fo be expe6led from any adventurer, who fhould af- fei*wards take the fame ground. Carpzov's book was thought fo ufeful and fatisfadory, that Mofes Marcus a converted Jew had tranilated it into Englifh. 6. A confideration which had great weight \vitli Mr. Home was that of the probable confequence of an undertaking fo condudled as this was likely to be. Unl^clievers, Sceptics, and Heretics, of this country, who had affedled fuperior learning, had always been buf}'^ in finding imaginary corruptions in the Text of Scripture : and would in future be G a more too THE LIFE OF more bold and bufy than ever ;. as the \vork of con^ founding the Text by ufir6ufid criticifm would bo carried on with the fandlion of public authorky, ant! the Bible left open to the experiments f evil-minded critics and cavillers. For befitks the collating of manufcripts, the collator, m hi Diflertations, had opened tfiree other fountains of criticifm, by which the waters of the San6luary were to be healed r the Ancient Vcrlions, the Samaritan Pentateuch, and Sound Criticifni. Having confidcrcd thefc in their cwder, Mr. Hornc fets before his readers above twenty inftances from Mr. Kcnnicott'& own books, as a fpc- cimen of his manner of proceeding ; to fliew " what an inundation of licentious criticifm w^as breaking in upon the Sacred Text." Thefe inftanees are fuch as fully juftify his reflexions ; which the reader may find at p. 12, &c. of his View of Mr. Kennicott's Method, Sec. Such were the confidefatiori-s on which Mr. Home und his friends oppofed Mr. K's. undertaking ; and, it is hoped, nothing has appeared to their difadvantagc. In the progrefs of the controverly, fome other con- fidcratfons ai'ofe, which fcrved to confirm them in the part they liench Jew, born upon the borders of Lorrain, and had re- ceived fuch an education as enabled him to underftand G 3 Hebrew^ i6i THE LIFE OV Hebrew, and to WTite it with confummate ex^cellence. He could turn his hand to drawing, and any other work of art : he had the ingratiating addrefs of a Frenchman, w^ith an appearance of tincerity ; but with the unprincipled mind of a Jew ; fo that there was no depending upon him. Before he was twenty years of age, he appeared at Oxford as a petty Jew^ merchant, whofe whole flock confifted of a few feals, pencils, and other trinkets. His civility drew my attention, and I took him to my chambers, to inquire what he had learned, I foon found his qualifications coniiderabie, and, for his excellence in writing He-^ brew, fet him to work, with defign to preferve his performances as curiolities; and I have feveral of them by me at this time. His ingenuity foon procured him more friends, of whom Mr. Home was one of the moil confiderable ; by means of which he gained a moderate livelihood ; and fome pains were taken with him occafxonally, with the hope of bringing over a perfon of fo much Jewifh knowledge to fbme fenfe of Chriftianity. After he had led this fcart of life for fome time, he returned to vifit his relations in France; having firll prevailed on me to WTite him a teftimonial of his late behaviour, to procure him a favourable reception ; from which it feoms probable, that he had left his friends in confequence of fome mifdemcanor. While he was abroad, h^ turned Chriflian, and re- ceived baptifm from a prieil of the Church of Rome, under the name of Ignatius. Then he went into the j^rmy of the King of France ; promoted defcition among D^. H R N E. 103 among his comrades, qiiarrclled with his officer, aijd ran him through the body, but without kiUing him, Juft at this jun(?l:ure, the army in whieh he fervcd came to an engagement with Prince Ferdinand, and he was taken prifoner. But the Prince having heard fomething of his hiftorj^ and underltanding it would be certain deltruclion to him if he were fent back to his own party, gave him a pafTport to England, with a recommendation to Mr. De Reiche, the Hano- yerian Secretary^ at St. James's; a very worthy friendly gentleman, who had been a confiderable benefa6lor to Dumay, till he found him at length a dead weight upon his hands, and grew tired of him. In the year J 76 1, after the famous transit of Venus, he prefented himfelf to Mr. Home at Magdalen College with tembly fore eyes ; and being ailced what was the matter, he anfwered, that he had fuffered in his eye- fight by looking at the fun : for having omitted to furnifh himfelf as other people did for the oecafion, he had made all his obfervations through a crack in his fingers, and had nearly put his eyes oiit. I da not recolledl at what time he entered into his em- ployment under Mr. Kennicott, w^ho certainly found him very well qualified for his purpofe in point of ability and induflry, but high -fpiri ted, turbulent, ^nd difcontented ; fo that after he had been a year or two at tlje work of collating Hebrew manufcripts, he quarrelled with his employer, threw himfelf out of his work, and came w^ith his complaints to me in the country, defiring to {hew me fome extracts he had G 4 juade 1C4. THELIFEOP made from the collations, that I miglit be a witneft with him to the futility of the undertakings. The fpecimen he produced was not to the advantage of it; but it was not eafy to judge, how far the fidelity of a perfon in an ill humour was to be depended upon. None but the collator himfelf could determine with precifion, I advifed him by all means to return to Mr. Kennicott, make his peace with him, and go oi\ quietly with his bufinefs. Which he d[id ; but after a perfidious manner ; playing a falfe game between two parties ; and carrying fiories from the one to the other as it fuited his purpofe, till all his friend$ found reafon to be ^fraid of him, and Mr. Kennicott (now Dr. Kennicott) was under the necefiity of dif-. miffing him. So he left the occupation of a collator^ formed a plan for forging Hebrew manufcripts, witlj all the appearances of antiquity, and putting them off for genuine, to (liew how the world might be impofed upon. Somebody in compaffion to his diftrefs re- commended him as an affifl:ant to a charitable gen-r tleman at a fchool in Bedfordfhire, for which employ- ment he was well qualified ; but there alfo, after he had given much trouble, he mifcairied. At length he got into fome place of truft, which gave him an opportunity of making oft' with a fum of money : for, with all his ingenuity apd induftry, and without any one expenfive vice, yet as if fome daemon had purfued him, he fo ordered his affairs, that, having now ^ wife and child to maintain, he was very fcldom far from beggary : whence one would hope he did fome things Dr. HORNE. |0| things rather from diftrefs than malignity ; though it mufl be owned, that upon the plea of his own wants, he could juftify himfelfto his own confeience in any a6l of pci-fidy againfi the beft of hisbencfxi6\ors; his conduct being cxa6tly the fame to his friends and his enemies, if his affairs required it. With what he had thus got he went over to Paris ; where, by means of his own Hebrew papers, and fome others which he had carried away with him, he had the addrefs to introduce himfeif to a fociety of Hebrew fcholars among the Capuchin Friars of St. Honore ; and amongfl them all they fabricated a work, in the French language, which came over into England under the title of Lettrcs 3e M, VAhVe de * * ** Ex-prof ejfeur 71 Hebreu en V Untverftie rf'i^ * * * , au Sr. Kennicoli Anghh. It has Rome in the title, as if it had been there printed, but it was fold at Paris ; and its date is 1 77 1 . This pamphlet is ieverc, both in its reflexions and its examples, on the work of collation, fo cele- brated in England, that people would hear nothing againft it ; and I was told, that the bookfellcr who traded in foreign books refufcd to take this into his fhop : and yet fome of its adcrtions are but to the fame effect with thofe of Mr. Horne in his View; the fubftance of which the reader may fee from the quo- tation i^ the ii)argin*. This piec^ was afterward^ tranflated * II ne reilera pas un feul mot dans la Bible Hebraaque dent, oa puiffe garantir la finceritc. Sentcz done les fuites de votre entrc- nrife : zl n'en rcfultera qu'un ouvrage mal con^u, peu conform^ io5 THE LIFE OF tranflated into Englifh by a worthy gentleman, who was ftruck by its fadls and arguments ; and a fmalj anonymous pamphlet was publifhed foon after its apir pcarance, apologizing for the filciiceof Dr. Kennicott, nd alleging that he had tio time to anfwer it. While I was at Paris, I inquired of Mr. Afleline, the Hebrew profeflbr at the Sorbonne, whether he had ^ver feen fueh a perlbn as I defcribed Dumay to be ? He anfwered that he had feen him, but that he was gone off {roxn Paris, and he fuppofcd nobody knew what was become of him. When I inquired farther, who had been his friends, he confefled that the 0,^- puchins of St. Honorc were fufpeifled to have been the compilers and editors of his book. Now the reader has heard my (lory, let him confidcr, whether Jie can recoile6l a more extraordinary charadler, thaa that of this Jew, Chriftian, Papift, Proteftant, Soldier, Scrivener, French, Englifhman ! If it fo happened that he furvived his fourhrles, he may have proved to be a ferviccablc hand, and have adled fome ufcfuj part upon the ftagc of the French Revolution*. Neither aux regies deh faine critiqup, totalement inutile, t plus propre & jeblouir par un \&m ctalagc de pretendues corre&jons, nature-ofthe tree, and ciicertain to \vhatfpecie6 of jjknts, botanlcally confidered, it psopcrly beloags. Is thi* example we have two very different jtnodea of .treating the -Scripture. No jnan that loves learning will condemn the critical dlfquifitor J 'let him purfue his inquiries ; there is no harm in them : but when he prefumes, as from an upper region, to difdain the Chn'llian Divine, as unworthy of all commendation, he pays too great a compliment to his own importance, and raifes a verj' jult (ufpicion againft his own religious principles. The cafe of Zaccheus is confidered in the Chrijlian way by Birtiop Hall (fee Mr. Glaffe's edition, voLlii. p. ^19) and matter enough fur the critical waj may be found in the Voyages of Frederick HafTclquift, p. 129, .ct iilib. The lamt 7y^/rT'c perfon was, ashetelbus, very foticitous to difcover what hind of tree in particular David had .his .eye upon in \\\tjirj} PJalm': which never cart be difccvered, if his expreffions, 68 they feem, have an alluiion to the Tret of Life. See our author's ^Commentary oii the Firft Pfalm ; who incline* to this opinion. U^ THE LIFE OF I had printed a difcourfe on the Mofaic Diftindlion of Animals in the Book of Leviticus, which had coft yne much refearch and nieditation, under the title of Zoologia Ethica, in which I had traced the moral intentioti of that curious inftitution, he foretold me Jiow it would be reprefented to the public; that the critics would felect fome part of the work, which was either ambiguous in itfelf, or might be made fo by their manner pf exhibiting it, and give that as a fpe- cimen of the plan, to difcqurage the examination of it. ** The paflage (faid he), at page 19, &c. about the camel and the fw'me will probably be feledled by the Reviewers, given to the reader without q fyllable of the evidence, and then the whole book difmifled with a fneer." In a few months after, his predi6lion was fo exa(9:ly verified, that one vyould have fLifpe(5led him to have been in the fecret, " If you look into the Critical Review, you will be tempted to think I wrote the article on the ^oologia, to verify my own predidlion. Without givipg the leaft account of your plan, and the arguments by which it is i^o irrc- fragably fupported and demonftrated, the give the very paflage about the fvvinc and the camel, and conclude the whole fcheme to be vifionary, and problematical, as they phrafc it*." Thus is a malig- * The date of the Ittter from which this extradl is taken, is Feb. 12, 1772. The work, thus unfairly treated, 1 fent to the learned Bifhop Newton, a writer of profound Ikill in the language of the Scripture ; who allowed that I had proved the moral inteitUon of tiiat law which is the fubjc-d; of it. . nant Dn. H O R N E. Ml) fHHit party gratified, the public is beguiled" by flilie ticcounts, and the deception may continue for' a. time; but truth and jullicc generally take placft at laft. There is a portion of the New Teilamient, very intcreiting and full of matter, on which the authot of the Canfidcrations, foon alter he was in holy ofders^ beftowed much thought and lalioui*; I mean the -eleventh chapter of St. Pad's piftle t-o the Hebrew% On this he compofed at leaft twenty fermons ; which are all exct^lent ; but being more agreeable to the fpirit of the iirft ages than of the prefeut, he was n<^ forward, though frequently iblicited^ to give them to the world. He objected, that tliey wanted to be reviewed with a more critical eye, and even to be re* compofed ; and that this would be a work of time. Toward the latter end of his life, however, he fet about it, but got no farther than through the third difcourfe. The firli is on the Character of Abe^^ the fecond on Enoch, the third on Noah ; of thefe I have the copy, and hope it will be publifhed. Whoever looks at them, w'ili vvifli he had lived to fatisfy his mind about all the reft. They would certainly have been improved by fuch a revifion ; yet, perhaps, not fo much as he fuppoled. Firfl thoughts, upon a favourite fubje(5l, are warm and lively ; and the language they bring with them is (Irong and natural ; but prudence is apt to be cold and timorous ; and, while it adds a polifli, takes away ^mething from the fpirit of a compolition, P4 But I20 THE LIFE or But the greateft work of his life, of which he now tegan to form the defign, was a Commentary on the whole book pf Pfalms. In the year 1758, he told me how he had been meditating on the Book of pfalms, and had finished thofe for the firft day of the month, upon the follovying plan* : i. An analylis of the Pfalm, by way of argument, a. A paraphratc on each verfe. 3. The fubftance digefted into a prayer. " The work (faid he) delights me greatly, and feems, fo far as I can judge of my own turn and talents, to fuit me tjie beft of any I can think of. May he, who hath the hys of David, profper it in my hand ; granting me the knowledge and utterance Ijeceflary to make it fej-viceable to the Church !" Let any perfon of judgment peruf? the work, and he wilj fee how well the author has fuccccded, and kept up the fpirit of it to the end. His application of the boojc of Pfalms is agreeable to the teftimony fo repeatedly given to it, and the ufe made of it, in the ffew Teftament. This queftion is ftated and fettled be- yond a doubt, in a learned preface to the work. The flyle is that of an accompliflied writer ; and its orna- ments diftinguifh the vigour of his imagination. That all readers fhould admire it as I do, is not to be expecSted ; yet it has certainly met with great ad- jniration ; and I have feen letters to him, from per- fpns pf the firft judgment, on the publication of the jjjook. ' Jt will never be negle<5ted, if the church and * This plan he afterwards thought proper to alter, and, as it is Judged, for the better. it9 Dr. HORNE. WJ its religion fhould continue; for which he prayed fervently every day of his life. When it firft cams from the prefsj Mr. Daniel Prince, his bookfeller at Oxford, WAS walking to or from Magdalen College with a copy of it under his arm. " What have you there^ Mr. Prince?" faid a gentleman who met him. " This, fir, is a copy of Dr. Home's Pfalms, jaft now fii>i{hcd. Xhe Prefident, fir, began to write n)ery young : but this is the work in which he will always iive." In this Mr. Prince judged very rightly: he will certainly live in this work ; but there are many others of his works, in which he will not die, till all learning and piety fhall die with him. His Commentary on the Pfalms was under his hand about twenty years. The labour, to which he fubmitted in the courfe of the work, was prodi- gious : his reading for many years was allotted chiefly to this fubje6l ; and his ftudy and meditation together produced as fmc a work, and as finely written, as moft in the Englifli language. There are good and learned men, who cannot but fpeak well of the work, and yet are forward to let us know, that they do not follow Dr. Home as an interpreter. I believe them ; but this is one of the things we have to lament : and while they may think this an honour to their judg- ment, I am afraid it is a fymptom that we are re- trograde in theological learning. The author was fenfible, that after the plcafure he had received in itudying for the work, and the labour of compofing and corre6ling, he was to off^er what the age was ill 1^23 THE LIFE OF jll prepared to receive. This put him upon his guard; and the work is in fome rclpecis the better for it, in others not fo good ; it is more cautioufly and corredlly written, but perhaps not fo richly furnilhed with matter as it might have been. Had he been compofing a novel, he would have been under none ofthefe fears f his imagination might then have taken its courfe, without a bridle, and the world would jhave followed as fait as he could wifh. , The firfl edition in quarto was publifhed in the .year 1776 when the author was vice-chancellor; and it happened, foon after its publication, that I was at Paris. There was then a Chriftian Univcrfity in the place! and I had an opportunity of recom- jnending it to ^m& learned gentlemen who were members of it, and undcrftood the Englifh language sreli, I took the liberty to tell them, our church had Jately been enriched by a Commentary on the Pfalms; :thc beft, in our opinion, that had ever appeared ; and fuch as St, Aufiin would have perufed with .delight, if he had lived to fee it. At my return the author was ib obliging as to fiirnifh me with a copy to fend over to them, as a prefent ; and I was highly gratified by tlie approbation with which it was re- ceived. With thofe who could read Englifh, it was fo much, in rcqueli, tiiat I was told the book was never out. of haiid ; and I apprehend more copies were fent for. Every intelligent Chriftian, who once knows the value of it, will keep it, to the end of his life, as the companion of his retirement : and I cai^ ;.. ibarcely Dr. HORNE. f23 Scarcely wifli a greater bleffing to the age, than that jt may daily be better known and more approved. About the time when it was publifheci, that fyftCr jnatical infidel, David Hume, ^fq. died. It had jbcen the aim of his life, to invent a foil of Philofophy, that fliould efFe6t the overthrow of Chriftianity. For this he lived ; and his ambition was to die, or be thought to\ die, hard and impenitent, yea, and even cheerful and happy ; to fhew the world the power of his own principles: which however were weakly founded, and {o inconfiftent with common fenfe, that Dr. Beattie attacked and demojifhed them in the life-time of the author. Special pains were, taken ]by Hume himfelf, and by his friends after him, to pcrfuade the world, that his life, at the laft ii-age of it, was perfectly tranquil and compofed : and the part is fp laboured and pvcr-a<5led, tliat there is juit caufe of fufpicion, even before the dete6tion appears. Pr. Hornc, whofe mind was ever in action for fome good end, could not fit ftill, and fee the public fo jmpofed upon. He addreflcd an anonymous letter to Dr. Adam Smith from the Clarendon Prefs ; of which the argument is fo clear, and the humour fo eafy and natural, that no honefl man can keep his countenance while he reads it, and none but an infidel can be angry. While Dr. Adam Smith affects ^o be very ferious and fblemn in the caufe of his friend Hume, the author of the Letter plays them both ofFwith wonderful effedl. He alludes to certain auecdotes concerning Mr. Hume, which are verj^ inconfiftent ^di4 T'HE LIFE OF -anconliftent with the account given in his life : for at the very period, when he is reported not to have fuffered a moment's abatement of his fpir'ils, none of his friends dared to mention the name of a certain author in his prefencc, left it-fliould throw him info a tranf- 'Port of paion -aiid fii- earing : a certain indication that iiis mind, had t)een greatly hurt; and nobody will ;think it was without reafon, if he will read the Eflay -on Truth by Dr. Bcattie ; which is not only a con- futation of Hiime*s Philofophy ; it is much more ; it is an extirpation of his principles, a-nd delivers them to be fcattercd like ftubble by the win<3s. The Letter to Pr. Adam Smith, like the Effay of Dr. Beattie, has a great deal of truth, recommended hy a great -deal of -wit : and if the reader has not feen it, he :has {omo. pleafur in Itore. We allow to the memory of Dr. Adam Smith, that he was a perfon o^ jquick underftandiug and dihgent refearch, in things relating merely to this worlds of which, his Inquiry into the Caufes of the Wealth r l^flening that rcfpe6t yvhich young people may conc4^ive Dr. ffORNfi. 12^ conceive unawares for unbelieving philofophers. It has been obje6lecl by Ibme readers of a more fevere temper, that thefe Letters arc occafionally too light*: and I muft confcfs, I fliould have been as well pleafed, if the Itory of Dr. Radeliffc and his man had been omitted : but there is this to be faid, that thefe are not fermons, but familiar letters ; that Dr. Home confidercd the profciiion of infidelity, as a thing nKire ridiculous and infignificant in itfelf, than fome of his Jcarned readers might do; that, as it appeared in. fome perfons, it was really too abfiird to be treated with ferioufncfs ; and as Voltaire had treated religion with ridicule inflead of argument, and had done infinite mifchief by it, juilice required that he and his friends fhould be treated a little in their own wav'l". Bcfides, as infidels have nothing to fupport them but their vanity, let them once ap|>ear as ridiculous as they are impious, and they cannot live. They can never approve themfclves, but fo far only * In his preface to thefe Letters, the author has endeavoured ta j obviate this ob}e6tion ; and we think he has done it very fuflicicntly. f- One of the fevercft reflexions that ever came froiti the pen of Dr. Home, was ainfied, as I fuppofe, at this Mr. David Hume ; yet it is all very fair. This philofopher had obferved, that all the devfTut perfons he had ever met with were melancholy : which is thui anfwered : ** This might very probably be ; for, in the firft place, it is moft likely, that he faw very few, his friends and acquaintance being of another fort; and, fecondly, the fight oi htm would make a devout perfon melancholy, at any time." Serm. vol. ifi. p. 96. iTicfe Letters are a demondratian, that all devout perfons are nof melancholy. as ll^ THE LIFE bF as they are upheld and approved by other people; To treat them with ferioiifnefs (as W has treated G-^ ) is to make therri important ; which is all they want. The opinions of Mr. Hume, as they are difplayed in thefe Letters, are many of them ridiculous from their palpable abfurdity : but, it muft be owned, they are fometimes horrible and fhocking; ftich as^ that man is not an accountable but a necefTary stg^nt ; confequently, that there is no fuch thing as lin, or that God is the author of it : that the life of a man, and the life of an oyfter, are of equal value,* i that it may be as Criminal to a6l for the prefervation of life, as for its de{tru<5lion : that as life is fo infig- * It 18 a fundamental do6itrIne in the Creed of MaterlaUfmy that nature conlifts of matter and a Uvlhg fuhjlauce of which all living creatures equally partake ; and which, when it dies in a carcafe, is continued in the reptiles that feed upon it. The origin of individual life, in every form, is from the general animation of the world ; on Trfhich the philofophers of antiquity fpeculated ; and fome inconf- llderate Chrifiians have taken it up on their authority. You have It in Vitgil, Principio eoelum, ac terras, campofque Hqucntes, Lucentemque globum Lunas, Titaniaque aftra SPIRITUS intus alit : totamque infufaper artu MENS agitat molem, ct magno fe corpore mifcet. INDE hominum pecudumque gejius, VIT^QUE volanturtt'.' And in Mr. Pope's Effay on Man, All are but parts of one ftupendous whole, Whofe body Nature is and God the foul, &C. Ep. i. 261^ &c; What follows is in exaA conformity vi'ith the principle of Virgi!/ and of out philoTophicdl Deiftsv ni'ficant Dr. H O R N E. 1^27 nificant and vague, there can be no harm in difpofing of it as we plcaie : that there can be o more crime in turning" a few oimccs of blood ont of their courle (that is, in cutting one's throat) than in turning the Vv'aters of a river out of their channef. What is murder ? It is nothing more than turning d little Mood ut of its ivny. And fo the Irifliman faid, by the feme figure of rhetoric, that ferjriry was nothing more than kiffing a book, or, as he worded li^fmacking the cdvejkm. TIms is the fage Mr. Hume ! whom Dr. Adam Smith delivers to th-e world, after hl death, as a perfect chamber; while a man of plairj i^VL^Q^ who taltes thin-gs as they are, would think it impolfible that any perfon, \!f ho is not out of his mind^ fhould argue at this rate. Mr. Hume feems to mc to have borrowed from the fchool of the old Pyrrho- nifts much of that fjltem which he is fuppofed to have invented. They made all things Indifferent, anci doubled of every thing, that there might be nothing it-ue or real left to dljhirb them. The chief good they aimed at in every thing, was what they called' ^x^cc^cix, a liate of undl/hirbanee or tranqidlUty, in which the mind cares for nothing : and it was the- ambition of Mr. Hume to be thought to harve lived and died in this flatc ; but by all accounts his ocjoc^a^ioc was not quite perfc^*. His objeel was undoubtedly the ~ * Pliny the Natural Hiftorian has rightly obferved, that PLilo- fbphers, through the afFedlation of apai/.>j, divefted themfelves of all hsian affe&ionu That tUis was the safe v?ith Diogenes the Cynic, ' Pyrrho, 128 THE LIFE OT the fame with that of the Pyrrhonifls, and he purfu'ei' it by a like way of reafoning. The fpeculalions of thefe men were fo copious, that there is matter enough left for another Mr. Hume to fet himfelf up with, and pafs for an origi-nal. Of all the fedls of antiquity this was the moil unreafonable ; and yet pretended to more wifdom than all the reft. That which was .but folly under Heathenifm, turns into defperation ^nd madnefs under the light and truth of Chriftianity. Where all was blind tradition, or wild conje(5lure, there might be fome excufe for fixing to nothing ; but to affc(5l undi/hifbance, after what is now revealed, concerning death and judgment, and heaven and hell, is to try how far a man can argue himfelf out of his ienfes. What angels may think of fuch a perfon-, I do not inquire : but how muft evil fpirits look upon that man, who fleeps or laughs over the things at which they tremble ; and then calls himfelf a Phi- lofopher ? Of the Letters on Infidelity, the fii-ft half is em- ployed on Mr. David Hume ; the latter half on a more modern adventurer ; who, to be revenged on the Bifhops of this Church, put together a mifccllany of objections againft the Scripture and the Chriftian religion. The Right Reverend Bench had pro Pyrrho, Hcraclitus, and Timon of Athens ; the lad of whom actually funk into a profefTed hatred of all mankind. xit hie antmi tenor al'tquando In rtgorem quemdam, torvitatemque nature durum et inflexib'thm ; adfudufqite humanos adimlt, quales apathes Graci vacant, niukos ejus generis experti, Nat. HfH. lib., vii. c. 19. cured Dr. HORN E. 129 Ciired an Act of Parliament againft the Sunday- Clubs, which met together on the evening of the fabbath-day, to indulge themfelves, and corrupt an audience, ^vith certain blafphemous difquilitions and difputations. For thus cruelly dilturbing the amufe- ments of infidelity, the Bifhops are reprefented as the vileft of perfeeutors : whips, tortures, racks, and all the implements of the Holy Office, are intro- duced to confirm the accufation ; from all which a llranger to the cafe might fuppofe it a common thing with the Prelates of this country, to break the bones of Infidels, or roaft them alive : and all this is for nothing elfe, but that they had feafonably and wifely provided, that the Chriftian religion, in a Chriflian country, fhould not be trampled under foot, upon the fabbath-day. The obje6lions this man hath brought together are very well taken off: but if Chriftians are bound to anfwer, fo long as infidels will object, who never with to be fatisfied, and are probably incapable of being fo, their lot would be rather hard, and much of their time unprofitably fpent. The Gentlemen of the Long Robe attend the court, not to anfwer the fcruplcs felons may entertain about the principles of juftice, but to adminifter the law; otherwife their work would never be done : and it is the bufincfs of the clergy to preach the Gofpel to the people : it was the part of God, who gave the word, to prove it to the world by prophecies and miracles. The prophe- cies are as ftrong as ever ; . fome of them more fb than I formerly ; I3(J THELIFEOF formerly : and miracles are not to be repeated for proof, after the world hath once been pcrfuaded. All is then left to teftimony and education. Before Mofes gave the law, he fliewed figns and wondci-s : but when the law was once received, parents were to tell their children, and conlirm the truth by the memorials that were left of it. It therefore lies upon our adverfarics to flicw, how it came to pafs, on any of their principles, that men like themfclves, as much difpofed to make objections, fhould receive the Scripture as the word of God in the feveral nations of the world, and receive it at the peril of their lives : a fact which they cannot deny. Let them alfo try to account for it, on their own prin- ciples, how the Jews have been ftrolling about the world for feventeen hundred years, as witnefles to the Scripture, and to the fcntence therein paflcd upon thcmielves ? Till they can do thefe things, it is nothing but an evafion to cavil about words imd paflages ; a certain mark of prejudice and perverfc- nefs. They know they cannot deny the whole ; but as they muft appear to be doing fomething, they flatter their own pride by keeping up a ikirmifh, and perplex weak people, by railing difficulties about the parts. This was the expedient on which Mr. Vol- taire beftowed ib much labour. It does not appear to me that he really thought the fa<5ls of Chriftianity to be falfe ; but that his vanity and perverfenefs tempted him to ridicule the Bible, without denying in his mind that God was the author of it : in fadl, that Dr. HORNE. 131 tliiat he was a Theomach'ift, who hated the truth, knowing it to be fuch, and braved the authority of* Heaven itfelf i or, in the words of Herbert, that he ivas a man. Who makes flat '.var Vrith God, dnd doth defy With his poor clod of earth the fpacious flcy. If a rehgions, to Which the nature of man isfo hoftile, did actually make its way without force, and againft the utmoll cruelty and difcouragcment from the world ; that fa(ft was a miracle, including wuthin itfelf a thoufand other miracles. See,on the o*:her hand, howPaganifm,Mahometifm, and modern Athcifiti, were and are fupported and propagated : the Pagan Idols by ten bloody perfecu- tions, with every a61: of outrageous mockery and infult, for want of reafons and miracles t the religion of Mahomet (a fort of Chriftian Herefy) by rewards of fenfuality and the power of the fword ; that is, by force and temptation 1 the Atheifm of France by farcical repfcfentation and ridicule of truthi, affifted in the rear by imprifonments, murders, and confifca- tions. Thefe be thy gods, O Infidelity, by the pow^r of which thy kingdom is eftablifhed in the world ! Thefe violent efforts fhew the weaknefs offalfe reafon, and the ftrength of that which is true ; and demon- ftrate, that men were prevailed upon by true evidence, and rational perfuafion, to receive the Chriftian faith. Here lie the merits of the caufe in a fmall compafs : and let all the infidels upon earth lay their heads I a together. i3i THE LIFE OF together, and give a clire6l anfwer. Swift aflures us from his own obfcrvations, and I believe very truly, that a man was ahvays vicious before be hecume an unheJie-ver ; and tjiat reajoniug imll never make a man correi an opinion^ which by rcajonmg he never acquired. Some fcrvice, however, is done to the caufe of piety, and dcfcnfivc weapons are put into the hands of thofe whofc minds are as yet uncorrupted, w^hcn the maHc6 or ignorance of an infidel is cxpofcd by an examina- tion of his objcclions : the corruption of his mind is thereby difplayed in fiich a manner, that e\^en a child may fee it : and therefore we are much obliged to l)r. Home, for anfwcring the doubts of infidels, and for fcafbning his anfwer with fuch W'it and fpirif, that the work, in fomc parts of it, has the force of a comedy : it fliould therefore be piit into the hands of young people, that they may fee how foolifh fbme ineii arc, when the)' pretend to be over-wife. The Letter to Dr. Pricfdcy from an Under- graduate, and the Leiicr to Dr. Adam Smith on the Character of David Hume, and thefe Letters on Infidelity, are three choice pieces upon the fame argument, which IhouM always go together. But fuppofc infidelity is anfwcrcd, the buiincfs is not all done : we have ftill the believing zinbeliever to contend with, of whom there is but little hope. The Chrifiian evidence can certainly have no cUcfi on thole that deny it : but that it fhould have i'o little cflecl on fome that believe it, and even argue and difpute well for it, this is the "grcatcft V, onticr of all . but fo the matter ftands. 8 There Dr. HORN E. 133 There is a fort of people amongft us, who believe Ghriftianity as a/^?t7, while they deny it as a truth : and fuch perfons may do more harm, and be them- felves as far from the kingdom of heaven, as the open unbeliever : the gofpel aiiures us, that he and the hypocrite will have their portion together. Prieflley averts the/^^^ of Ghriftianity againft the Philofophers of France, while he believes no more of its truth than the Sadducces of Jcrufalem did, who yet never denied that God had fpoken unto Mofes. That men profcffing Ghriftianity fliould be under tempta- tions to vice, we can ealily underftand : but that their minds fhould believe and deny, at the fame time, concerning the fame thing, there is the dif- ficulty. May it be faid, that the mind has antece dently admitted n principle, which militates againft the truth while it docs not militate againft ihtt fucJP Qod knows how the matter is : but I lee too much qf it in the world. Though the imagination of Dr. Home was fome- times at play, when the Specidimi of Infidelity was in his hand, his heart was always ferious : whence it cfiiVcie. to pafs, that the compofition of fermons was a work never out of his mind ; and it was the defire and the pleafarc of his life to make himfelf uleful in the pulpit wherever he went. The plaa. which he commonly propofed to himfelf in preaching, upon a pafiage of the Scripture, was that of giving, i. The literal fenfe of it : then, 2. The;, interpretation or ipirit ^fif; and 3. The practical or moral ufc of it, in an 1 3 application 134 THELIFEOF application to the audience i and he was of opinion, that one difcourfe, compofed upon this plan, was worth twenty immethodical eiiays ; as being more inftrudlive in the matter, more intelUgible in the delivery, and more eafily retained in the memory. Yet, after long practice, he came to a determination, that no method was more excellent, than that of taking fome narrative of the Scripture, and railing moral obfervations on the feveral circumftances of it in their order. His Sermon on Lot in Sodom, vol. II. difcourfe i. and on Daniel in Babylon, vol. II. viii. are of this kind. The Noble Convert, or Hiftory of Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch, vol. II. iii. is another. The Paralytic, and the Woman taken in Adultery, belong to the fame clafs. One of the mod fkilful and excellent preachers this Church could ever boaft, was the late Dr. Heylyn, a Preben- dary of Weftminfter. His difcourfe on the Canaanit was confidered by Dr. Home as a mod perfe6l and elegant model of a fcrmon, on a miracle, or any other portion of the Scripture : he pronounced it to be fuceindl, clear, forcible, with nothing in it fu- perfluous or tirefomc : and it came into his mind, on reading it, that another after the fame model might be compofed on the Samaritan Woman and the difcourfe our Saviour held with her. This he lived to execute. It is tl:ill among his unpublilhcd difcourfes, and is itfelf worthy to be printed, as a fpecimen oft bis manner, Thcro Dr. HORNE. 135 There arc certainly different modes of preaching, all of which are good in their way : ibme arc moil proper for one fubje(5l, fome for another. One of thcfc is that of Jcfus Chrift himfcif ; who from pre- fent occafions, and circiimftances of time and place, made ufe of the opportunity to raife fuch dodlrincs as were wanting for the inftru6lion of his hearers: the mind being under the bed preparation for the conceiving of truth, when that truth is raifed from the objects of its prefent attcfuion. We fee our Saviour at a well of water (a precious object in hot countries) difcourfing on the waters of life, to a perfon who came, in the heat of the day, to draw the water of the well. After this example did Dr. Home, vhen he was by the fca-lidc at Brighthelmfi:one, take the Sea for the fubjed: of a lermon ; one of the moft ingenious he ever compofed ; and, without queftion, peculiarly Itriking to the audience, who had the objccft before their eyes*. This naturally reminds me of a reflexion he made, when, with other young people of the Univerfity, he attended a courfe of Chemical Le6tures at Oxford. It w'as the cuftom of Dr. xMcock to carry his pupils over fuch ground, as rendered the fcience of great tervice to every perfon of a learned profeifion. The laft ledlure was upon poifons : and the fubje(5t required, that fnakes fhculd be produced upon the table, and made to bite poor harmlefs animals to death ; whofe cries, See vol. III. dJfc. ir. 1 4 and 136 THELIFEOF and bowlings, and convullions, after the wounds given, were extremely afFe6ling, and made feme of the fpe6lators ready to faint. On which he obferved afterwards " that would have been the moment, to have delivered a theological le61ure on the Old Ser- pent of the Scripture that hath the j^ourr of death and firft brought it, with all its fatal fymptoms and miferies, into the world !" And he judged right ; it would have been better underftood, and more felt, at that time, than at "any other ; fbr it is not to b^ calculated, how much the mind is affilled in its contemplations by the fenfes of the body, giving life to its ideas, and working irreliltibly upon the paffions. His opinion concerning the duties of a preacher, is to be found in the Preface to the firft volume of his Sermons, exprefled in the words of Fenelon. He confidered alfo, but never printed, the faults and abufes which every preacher fhould fludy to avoid : and as it may be of much fervice to fome readers, I fhall take the liberty of mentioning then^ in this place : X>et thofe teach others, who themfelves excel. And cenfure freely who have written well. " A preacher fhould avoid rambling w^on general ar trivial fubje(^s ; fuch as are not to the purpofe ; not adapted to the wants and occalfions of the audience, which are always to be confidered. *vHe Dr. HORNE. 137 " He fhould beware of polemical and wrangling' compofitions. " He (hoiild not mix things /acred and profune to- gether, from an oftentation of learning. Such learn- ing is quite out of place. Alfoadifcourle, confiding of m//Vtf/rcmarks, is fitter for an editor than 2i preacher, ^ee Hcylyn L 155. with the Preface to Maffillon's Petit Careme ; and the note in Ofwald's Common Senfc, vol. I. for fome very ufeful obfervations on this part of the fubjcdl. " To be always dwelling on the expedience, necejfity, and evidence of revelation, is to fuppqfc that the audience conlifts of Dei/is : for fuch difcourfes have no efFed: on any but Deifts, and rarely upon them. " There may be a fault alfo, in dwelling too much^ on the elenwitary and catechetical do6i:rines, and not (as the apoftle exprelies it) going on unto pev" feBion. " It is aUvays bad to treat religious fubjedls in a dull, dry way ; neglecting the imagery^ energy, and ferfmi/ive elocution of the Scriptures. ^' Nor is it better to difcourfeon morality in a rigid, legal, and comfortlefs manner, without firft warming and animating the mind to the practice of it by mo- tives o( faith and love. St. Paul, in I. Cor. XV. diA courfes, for fifty-feven verfes together, on the ani- mating doClrine of the Refurre6lion of Chrift, and in one fingle verfe, the laft in the chapter, conveys the moral of the whole. *^ Much time and labour are frequently loft In proving fjS THELIFEOF proving what all the hearers allow : as for example, the obligation they arc under to do their duty, inftc^d of Viewing and expofijig the various modes of felf- deceit, by which they contrive to elude the obligation, and live in contradi(ition to their principles. Pleas and pretences of this fort fhould be collected, ftated, and anfvvered in a clofe lively manner, till the hypo- crite is completely unmalked, driven out of his ftrong holds, and obliged to furrender at diferetion. Maf- fillon is admirable at this, and it makes the general plan of his fermons. " The word of God isabufed by preachers, when jt is accommodated and made fubfervient to the cor- ruptions of the time. It is then an inflrument for. the gratifying of their vanity, or procuring wealth and promotion. Such a traffic with the world is like that of Judas, when he fold Chrift for money. " All aifedled elegance, and trifling conceits, are to be avoided, as having a bad efFe6l upon the audi- ence, who are tempted to forget the errand they came upon, and to fuppofc that the preacher, ap- pearing to have no fenfe of the greatnefs of his fub- jet\, is not in carneft. " Too great flimiliarity of expreffion, with coarfc images, taken from low fubjec^s, are fulfome. Dr. South has fome excellent obfervations, in vol. IV* p. 40, on the words. Every fcrihe injlruted into iJje kingdom of God, &c. " In what is called an appJimlion, at the end of g fermon, the preacher makes a tranlition by the 6 Ihortcft Dr. HORN E. 139 fliorteft way, from the fubjedl to the audience, and fhews them their duty from what has been faid. A writer, ftrong in his expreffions, affirms, that a fer- mon without an application does no more good than the Jinging of a Jkylark : it may teach, but it does not impel ; and though the preacher may be under concern for his audience, he does not fliew it, till he turns the fubje6t to their immediate advantage." Thefe obfervations, upon the compofition of fer- mons, are fo much the more valuable, becaule we have them from a moil excellent preacher, who had formed himfelf upon the rules he has given for others. He is a good farmer, who raifes a good crop ; but he is a better, who teaches others alfo to do the fame ; and the public are more obliged to him. If thefe precepts were jjroperly attended to, the people would foon know how to dillinguilh between a found teacher and an unlearned enthufiaft ; the Methodifts would decreafe, and the Church would be edified. If fomething had been added againft errors in the pro- nunciation offermons, I fhould have been glad to communicate it : but as I find nothing to this purpofe, I fhall venture but a fingle remark upon the fubje^l. Every preacher wifhes to be underjiood as well as heard ; but many are deficient in this refpe6t, for want of a difiincSl articulation ; which might eafily be acquired, if they would attend to a fimple rule, without the obfervation of which no man's deliveiy can be perfc6l. It is well known, tliat a piece of writing may be underflood, if all the vowels are omitted; 146 THE LIFE OF omitted ; but if the vowels are fet dawn, and the confonants omitted, nothing can be made of it. Make the experiment upon any fentencc : for ex- ample ; judge 7iot that ye he yiot judged. Take out thtd vowels, and it will fland thus jdg nt thiy h tit jdgd : This may readily be made out : but take away the confonants, and nothing can pollibly be made of it - veoa e eo tie. It is the lame in fpeaking as in writing : the vowels make a noilc, and thence they have their name, but they difcriminate nothings Many fpcakers think they are heard, if they bellow them out : and fo they are ; but they are not imderftcod ; bcraiife the difcrimination of words depends upon a diftincSt articulation of their confonants : for want of cour lidering which, many fpeakers fpend their, breatia to little effecl. The late Biibop of Pctcrboroiigh, Dr Hinchcliffe, was one of the moft pleafmg preacher* of his time. His melodious voice was the gift of nap turCj^ and he fpake with the accent of a man of lenfc (fuch as he really was in a fuperior degree) but it was remarkable, and, to thofe who did not know the caufc, myfterious, that there was not a corner of the church, in which he could not be heard diftinc^ly. I noted this myfelf with great fatisfadlion ; and by watching him attentively, I perceived it was an in- variable rule with him, to do jullice to every confo^ nant, knowing that the vowels will be fure to fpeak for them.felves. And thus he became the furcfi and cleareft of fpeakers ; his elocution was perfect, apd never difappointed his audience. In this refpect, moll Dr. HORNE. 141 tnoft preacliers have it In their power to follow him : his fcnfc, and his matter, and the fweetnefs of his tone, were fuch as few will attain to. He was a prelate, to whom I owed much refpe6l ; and I am happy in giving this teflimony to his excellence. The laft literary work which Dr. Home propofed to execute, while Dean of Canterbury, was a formal Defence of the Divinity of Chrift againft the Objec- tions of Dr. Pricflley ; in which it was his intention to fhew, how that writer had millaken and perverted the Scripture and the Liturgy. I have often wondered fecretly, why this good man Ihould have felt as if he was called upon to encounter a writer of Dr. Priefdey's difpolition, who had already pafled under the ftrong hand of Dr. Horflcy, and ^^ould have been humbled for the time to come, had he been blcficd with any feeling. That Dr. Pricftley is a man of parts, a verfatile genius, and of great faga- city in philofophical experiments, is well known and univcrfally allowed : but let" any perfon follow him clofely, and he will fee, that if ever there was a wife man, of whom it might be faid, that the more he harnt, the lefs he underftood, it will be found true of Dr. Prieftley. His vanity made him believe, that he was wife enough to enlighten, and powerful enough to difturb, the world : he was therefore for ever bufy at one ofthefe or the other; a Volcano, conflantly throwing out matter for the increafe of berefy, fchifm, or fedition, and never to be quenched by difputing. It is the way of the worlds to make their 142 TMELIFEOr their eftlmate of a man from his parts and al3ilitics * but it is more wife and juft to meafure him from the life he makes of them, to the henejit or the hurt of" mankind ; as the beams of the fun arc ufed to warm and animate, while the brightnefs of hghtning \% to terrify and confume. So long as Dr. Priefilcy felt nothing {oy feemed to feel nothing) it had a bad cfte(St upon him, and made him more troublcfome, that fuch perfons as Dr. Horiley and Dr. Home Ihould enter the lifts againft him : it made him ap- pear more formidable in the eye of the public, and fo it tended to gratify the prevailing paflion of his mind. So far indeed as he deceived and difturbcd others, a companionate regard to them might be the motive with thofe who difputed with him. In the year 1786 Dr. Home preached a fermon at th(^ Primary Vilitation of the Archbifhop at Can* terbury, on the duty of contending earnejih for the faith ; and when this was printed, together with another difcourfe on the Trinity, he fabjoined an advertifement, declaring his intention to anfwer the objcdlions againft the Divinity of Chrift, which had been urged of late. " Indulgence, faid he, is re- qucfted as to the article of time : I cannot write ib faft as Dr. Prieftley does ; and I wifh to execute the iKOxY with care and attention ; after which it Ihall be left to the judgment of the learned, the pious, and the candid, of all denominations.'* At the clofe of this year, he alludes to the advertifement, in a letter from Canteji^ury : " You fee the talk I have under- taken." Dr. HORN E. 14J falLcn.'* And here nobody will wonder, tliat as he had given me his affiftancc in the firft work I pub- liOied, and its chief merit had been owing to that circumftance, he fhould demand of me in return any fervice be thought it in my power to execute : he therefore goes on, " It is undertaken in confi- dence of your friendly aid ; and I fhould be happy, ced what Newton himfelf, if he had fcen what we have feen, woukl probably have adopted and carried on in his fciperior way, 1 cannot underiland. Therefore I diftinguifh on.ee more, that the philofophy which Dr. Home profefled, did not depend on doubtful interpretations of the fcripture, but was confirmed by reafon and experience, as it was argued in his flate of the cafe between Newton and Hutchinfon ; from which he never departed, and from which no fcnfiblc maa could depart.. Ift philofophy, thus defined and Ihnitedy he and I were always of a mind. Of myfelf I will fay but little; and that little iliould have been omitted, if I had BOt. Dr. H R N E. t;9 not been forced upon an explanation, which I did not expedl. For the proof of fuch a fyflem of nature as Newton was not ayerfq to, I publifhed a large qiiarto volume, above feyen hvindretl copies of which arc difpcrfed about the world ; and there mufl be learned and ingenious men to whom the thing is not unknown. Ag.ainft fpme particulars there may be weighty objections ^ b^t agai|\ft the. general pJaUj I i^evpf yet faw one, tfx^t >vquld trouble me for five minutes to anfwer it. Yet it does not follow, that people will fee as w^ do. Where things have a new appearance, the world mud have time ; and the author v/ho prcpofes them muft wait with patience, qn4 bejjr with every kind of oppoiltion -and defama- tion ; the latter of which i never to be underftood gs an unpromiling f}'mptom : for it fhews that an adverfary is in diflrefs, when he anfss'ers any thing, in fuch words, as vrill equally anfwer every thing. From the books of Foreigners I learn, that attradlion and repulfion are not in fuch cflimation as they were fifty years ago. And at home, the ingenious Mr. George Adams, who has been a fiiudent and pra6li- tioner in Natural Philofbphy for more than twenty years, has found it ncccdliry to adopt the new agency of nature, and has made his ufe of it through the whole courle of a large work, which may be con- fidered as an Encyclopaedia in Natural Philofophy, taking a larger circuit than has yet been attempted by any writer upon the fcience. Other ingenious men may in time (as I am confident they will) follow M 2 \i:% ISO THE LIFE OF his example ; till it fhall be no longer thought art honour to Dr. Home that he renounced \h\s> Philo- ibphy* hut that he did not renounce it. If the reader will not be difpleafed with me I will tell him a fccret, which he may ufc as a key to de- ryphcr fbme things not commonly underftood. Be- tween that philolbphy which maintains the agency of the heavens upon the earth, and the religion re- vealed to us in the Bible, there is a relatioti, which renders them hoth more credible. By a perfon with the Chriftian religion in his niind, this philofophy is more cafily received ; and if any one fees that this philofophy is true in nature, he will not long retain his obje6\ions againft Chriftianity : but here is the difficulty ; he will never begin, who refolves never to go on. But of any reafonable perfon, whofe mind is ftlll at liberty, let us afk, why it fhould be thought a thing incredible, that the creation of God fhould Confirm the revelation of God ? By which I would be undei-ftood to mean that the world which we fee fliould be a counterpart to the world of which wc have heard, and in which we beljeve. Many in this age fee the force of that great argument in favour of Chriftianity, which is drawn from the analogy between the kingdom of Nature and the kingdom of Grace, and admire it above all other things. Dr. Home in particular had fuch an opinion of it, and conceived fuch hopes from it, that he ufcd to fay, if Prieftley tliould ever become a believer in the doc- trine of the Trinity, it would be from the Hutchin- fonian Dr. HORNE. ii Ionian philofophy. To fuch a declaration as thi^, which the reader may depend upon, I can add nothing- better, or more to the purpole, than a paf^agc, from one of his manufcripts, concerning the religious ufc that may be made of Mr. Hutchinfon's writings ; and I 3m perfuaded he perfevered to the day of his death, in the opinion there deHvered, The paflage is as follows : " Cardinal Bellarmine wrote a fmall trcatifc, in- titled, Dg afcenftone mentis in Deum per fcalas rerum creatarurUi which he valued more than any of his works, and read it over continually with great plea- fure, as he fays in the preface to it. A work of that |j:ind may be done in a far better and more complete manner, by the key Mr. Hutchinfon has given, than has ever yet been done, and the natural and fpiritual world made to tally in all particulars. Such a work would be of Handing ufc and fer\ice to the Church, and be a key to Nature and the S S. teaching all men to draw the intended inftru6lion from both. For this purpofe, the S S. fhould be read over, and the texts clafled under their refpe^tive heads; and in reading other books, all juil applications of natural images Ihould be extradted from them, particularly where there are any good divilions of an image into its parts and heads, as much will depend on methotl and regularity. For the blefling of God on fu^h an undertaking, without which all vvill be in vain, the Fountain of all wifdom and Father of lights is humbly and fervently to be implored, to enlighten the under- M 3 frandingj V8"2 THE LIFE OF landing, and puri'fy the heart, that it may be eounted worthy, through the merits of the r. H'ortie iipcm tbeOirifiiao wofM, in its pi-efent -dfeclining CDirditioti anfd claiigcrcHis- fitiiiAtioft : md how much more it XTjosid be for liis h^CHOur to ufe the eloquence he is jRaafter of^ i'at!ier m pminoting than in hindering its iiHi&iCc-e- He khtfws %0o much of the worM to fee J^ioii^et-, that m thfe a^-e^, whe^n fo m^any counterfeits jsare affetroa^,, \\4ieni fotoie ^te ft) ^iW, tmd trthers fo fl'^^ati^,, ii^ woinfid is fo cruel wpcfa a religious Ti^n, as the irhptTtation of a wild cnthufiaflic fancy : ^feat is wantonly impnted by the v'lcmis and the io- mf-mit, to wBxceptionabIe perfbns, only bccaufc they have a little more religion than themfelves^ and if 5fedh petfons hav^ ifnade it their buiinefs Sib be deep m fhe Scripture, ^hey -^-il! alvi-'ays be in danger fi-om illdfe who are not in. Heathens accufed the firft Chril^ians of ^theifm and facrilege, becaiife they wouM not worihip idols ; and abufed them as haiets 'cflitankind, only bec-aufe they avoided e-v'il conmnmi- ifajjom.y and -refiifed to be conformed to this KvorU, VoIt*rire h^d no name for the Chrifiian faith ^ but "tlial oi fnperflifion or farmticifm. There is a very iifefui and judicious diifeiftion oi etrthif.afm^ by Dr. Home hijnfclf, tlie beft I ever met with, juft pub- Irftied in a 'compilation by a Society for a refor-nuHion 'vf principles, which if gentlemen will eondcfcend to examine, they may Idc better able to diftinguifli properly betwixt thofe who ^r^? enthutiails and thofe who are calktJ fo. . All Dr. H O R N E. 187 All good men are walking by the fame way to the fame end. If there are any individuals, who by the fhining of their light render the path more plain and pleafant, let us agree to make the mofi we can of them, and be folJoivers of them tvho through faith and patience inherit the p-omifes. THE END. APPENDIX; APPENDIX. The Icifl Letter of the Reverend Rohert Wdhoiimej Re6tor of Weiidhhury in Oxfordjblre. [Referred t9 p 45-} Deaf Jgmes, Y. OU make it a cloubt, vvhcthcr I am ^ letter in your debt, or you in mine. This is a gentle rebuke for my filence ; for To I muft take it, confcioijij as I am of my (mw default ; and yet excufablc, if fre- quent returns of pain and fieknefs may plead in my behalf. In thcfe circumftances I have been as it were cihl'itiis rneorum for fome months, and am therefore the more obliged to you for not applying to me the latter part of the fentcnce. In the month of July, had I not been prevented by a very bad fit of the ftone, I was engaged to have been at ^ not without fome hopes of feeing you : but it was not to- be fo : they now tell me I muft, and I find it ncecffary to keep as quiet as I can. Arrived as I am at the agld ftrokes of Prieflr ley, Lindfey, &c. will let them fee every day, more and more, the danger of innovation, and cure them, perhaps, of their difordor. Copy APPENDIX. 97 Copy of Mrs, Salmons Leiier to her Sifter, on the Death of Bifbop Home. [Referred to p. 17 2. J My dear Sifta-, This morning, at 20 minutes paft two o'clock^ our dear Loi'd departed this life. He died, as he iiyed, a faint indeed. He had not been able for fome days to exprefs himfelf elearly ; but yeflerday, when Mr. Sclby read prayers, he joined with him, and repeated the Lord's prayer with as much com- pofure as ever he did in his life. After that he re- .ceiv'cd the facrament with my miftrefs and the ladies, Mr. Millard, Mr. Selby, Gilbert, and myfelf. And, when that was over, he tjiid, " Now lam blefled in- deed."- All was peace and joy and comfort within. He blefled us all fevcrally, and thanked us for all we had done. Had you fcen him bolftered up, blefiing his children, and fpcaking comfort to his wife, in the hope and trufl of their meeting again, you would never have forgot it. I am fure I never fhall ; nor do I wifli it. We have reafon to think that he did not fuffer at lail, as he went off without a groan, and has ftill a fmile upon his face, as if he was alive. He is to be buried at Eltham. I can write no more, though I have more to fay. Your good Mafter may like to hear how he departed. I hope you will read this tp him, though it is fcarcely to be underftood. I cannot fay more. Yours alfedtionately, E. Salmon, N3 198 APPENDIX. CAUTIONS TO THE READERS of Mr. LJf^. [Referred to p. 73 and 160.3 First. Either J. Behmen*s fcbemc is new revelation, or an explanation of the old. If the latter, why is it wrapt up in fuch myfi'ic jargon, never heard of in the Chriftian church before, and not given us in Scripture language, which is the only explainer of itfclf ? If the fonnr, it is an imfo^ure and dehfion ; for extraordinary mfj)irat'ions are not to be credited, unlefs vouched by miracles, which God ahccays fent to atteft his extraordinary commtjfions: and if they are pretended to come from him, and do not, then it is a demonftration that they come from the devil, transformed into an angel of light. To equal the imaginations of men to the holy Scriptures of God, and think them as much the ivfpiration of God, as what was dictated as fuch to the holy Prophets and Apofiles, is ftri(5tly and properly enthusiasm. This Mr. Law has done ; for he fays, he looks upon the writings of J. Behmen to be no more human than St. John's Revelation. II. Mr. Law by creation will have nothing farther meant than the formation of the world out of pre- exijient matter, contiaiy to the fenfe always put upon it by the Chriflian church. The formation is de- fcribed APPENDIX. 1^9 fcribed ftep hy ftcp ; but ihcyfreafion in Gen. i. vcrfe I . miifl relate to the prochi^ion of, or givirig being to, the matter, in its dark and inform ftate. The con- fcquence of Mr. Law's opinion mud be, either that matter, though diftincii from, is co-eternal with, God, which cannot be ; or elfe, that it is an emanation, generated from his Juhftance or effence, which is the abomination of Platoni/m brought into Chriftianity. The confounding Go^l and created vatme together is the elTence of Paganifm, and the foundation of all the errors in the Heathen and Chrijiian world. The Scriptijres arc confiantly guarding againft it, and dif- tinguifhing Jehovah from what is only the work of his hands. Eternal nature is a hlafphemous contradiclion ; for God only is eternal ; he only has being i?i hinifelf, ?L\\<\ gives it to every thing elfe. Nature maybe a vianifejlation, or reprefentation of God, as a picture is of a i?ian ; but has no more connexion with h\s,fub^ Jiance or ejfencet than that hath with its original, or the painter that drew it. III. Mr. Law denies the wrath of God againft fin. Now, that ivrath in God is the fame weak and infirm paffton that is in mart, no body will fuppofe. But that it produces effeffs, which the image of wrath ex- ecuted by man is taken to give us an idea of, is a tnith the Scriptures are full of from Genefis to Revelation. And it is defcribed under all the i??mcres that are dread- o ful in nature; chiefly by that molt dreadful of all, fire. Our God is a confuming fire. No one will fup- pofe from this text, that God is really material fire ; N4 but 2op APPENDIX. but that his jii^ice, "jengeance, iirath, or whatever you pleafe to call it, will have an effei upon finners, that is piurcd by the ^ffeiis oijirc upon natural bodies. Nor can all the wit and invention of man o-et rid of thofe innumerable Scriptures that fpeak of the wrath of God to be executed upon a Jinful worldy under the lively figure and reprefeiitation of it^ fire ; i^s any one may fee, that will turn to the Concordance. Sure I am, that if thefe can be conflrued to mean, a dark^ fiery, whirling anguiJJj rifing vp and opening its birth in the inward depth and ground of the foid, there can be no certainty in words. The lake of fire or hell is not within but without the fi?mer ; for he is to be cafi into it. That inward remorfe, anguifh and defpair make a part there is no quell ion ; but they ^re not the whole. IV. But there is a confequence that follows this notion of no wrath of God againfifin, and ftrongly infilted upon by Mr. Law, which fhakes the foundation of Chriftianity, viz. that Chrift did not die to propitiate or appeafe that wrath : that he did not die as afacri- .fice in 02ir fiead. This demolifhes the do6lrine of a vicarious fatisfa3ion for fin, made outwardly upon the crofs, by the blood of him, who being God could give it infinite merit, to fatisfy infinite jufiice ; and being man could make the fatisfaciion in the fame nature in which the^w that required it was committed. Mr. I^w fays, God is love. Tnie. But is he not jufiice and tridh as well as lo%>ef Had not Truth faid. The foul that finneth, itfijall die? And did not 2 Jufiice APPENDIX. 20I Jvjilce require the execution of that fentence f God is not only Jnjf, hutju^iceitfcK; and jit^ice cannot remit the kq/l farthhig ; elfe it were not juji'ice. God's attributes mult uoi Jight ivith or conquer and fuhdue pne another. On the contrary, they magnify and exalt one another. Thus his jujiice is magnified, in that it exadts full aixl adequate Jat'isfaLlwn ; his wifdom is ynagnified, in Jiuditig out fuch 7tieans to make it ; his viercy and lovt, in a jf or ding thofe meam and fidjiUhig all \\\^ fromifts in him, in whom mercy and truth thus met together, right eoufncjs ^nd peace kijjtd ,ach other. The mvcard application of Xhisfatisfaii'ion made out- wardly by the blood of Chrid, flied upon the crofs, to the heart of every believer, by the hand o( faith for \\.% jufiification, with Xhcfatidijication that accom- panies it, by the tvater flowing with the Hood, to a new birth and lifeoirighteoufnefs from iho. death o(fm, is doubticfs the great end and ititent of Chrifl'ianity \ fis much as taking a medichie is the ^w// and iw/^w/ of its being given. But the Gofpel preached and r^^//, ;ind \\\Q facraments adminijiered in the Church, are the hiftruments appointed to work all this, by the power of ihcfpirit that goes with them as charmeh into the /'^//r^ of ever}' believer. But if, before he has received the ^;v7-^ of Chrift by thefe which are the only appointed means of receiving it; or \(, inftead of going on with humility and diligence in fearching the Scriptures of Qod, a perfon is to fhut himfelf up and fearch the inward depth and ground of his heart, ^\ hat will he fiXifX there but the devil, ready to take advantage of his 202 APPENDIX, his having left his only grade, and transforming h'tmJeJf mfo an angel of light, under the difguilc of gi exit flights of devotion and illuj/miatlon, to inftil his diabolical fiiggcflions, and lead the delvded foul, hl'mdfold, and thinking berfelf fafc in the hands of (lie jpirit of God, to deny and write againft Xhcfatisfa^ion and atonement made for her fins by the blood of her Redeemer f For by thefe verv means liave we leen one of the brightefl liars in the firmament of the Chureh (Oh ! lamentable and heart-breaking light !) fnlHng from the hea-ven of Chrijiianity into the link and comphcation of Pagan- ifm, Qiiakerifm, and Socinianifm, mixed up with chy^ mijiry and ajifoiogy, by a pofj'eft cobler : and alas, when a man conies Xo fur fake the Bible, and write againfl its doctrines, what matters it whether it is done by the light of nature, the light vcithin, or the infpoken word ? BeUe-ve no^t, therefore, goo<:l people, every fprit, whil]jering to your ibii] in a lit of quietifm, hut try the fpirits, by the Bible, zi'hether they are of God, Keep to that, and let your faith, hope, love and devotion rife as high as they will. The higher the hetter. V. As to the angelical world, glajjy fea, &c. it is a mere romance without the Icaft countenance from holy Scripture ; nor docs he, I think, produce above a text or two, by way of proof. The holy Scriptures tcl} us, the world "was gooc^ at the fini^iing of it, but by the devil came Jm, the parent of all evil, natural and fpiritual that Chrift came to redeem ws from it /^Ij- \o fatisfy for our ^^.'W, to raife our ibuls to r/-/'/f- oufnefy APPENDIX. 703 4)uftiefs, by his fpirit here, and to glorify us, body and fouly hereafter. This fcheme is complete, without fearching after the ftate of the chaos, before it was in being, or fancying this world to be the ruins of the migelicaJ, as William Whifion did it was the tail of a Comet. The fame is to be faid of the notion of Adam cafed up in fpiriiual materialities, one over another, like the coats of an onion. How many of thefe he had, Mr. Law does not fccm fiire, giving different accounts in different books. Inftead of inventing hypothefes concerning the nature o( pmadife^ let us fi:udy the way that led ih^ penitent thief mio it, repentance and faith iq a Saviour on the crofs, King of Kings, and Lord of Lords. VL Mr. Law is very lax and laiitiidinarian with regard to the government and difcipTme of the Church, which though (as he fays) it will notj^uf a man, yet, is abfolutely necejfary, to preferve thofe do^rines, that w/7/. A hedge round a vineyard is, in ttfelf a poor paltry thing ; but hreak it down, and all they that go by, will pluck off her grapes. And no fin has been punifhed with heavier punilliments, for that reafon, than throwing down fences and making it indifferent, whether a Chriftian be of any church or none, fo he be but a Chriftian, an4 have the birth of the infpoken word, which is a Pope in every man's heart. But if Chrifi left a Church upon earth, and ordered fub- miffion to the appointed governors of it, fo far as a man rejtjts or undervalues this ordinance of Chrifi^ fo far he a(5ls not like a Chriftian, let his inzvard light be 24 APPENDIX. be what it will. In the fame manner, I think, he is injudicious in condemning all hmuan wr;*^'ngs, com- mentators, &c. becaufe people arc divided through the multiplicity of them. All human learning, that tends not to the knowledge of God, dcferves the cenfure he beftows in a very maiterly manner. But how are we to undcrftand the holy Scriptures, and be able to teach and explain them to others, without a knowledge of the languages in which they arc written ? And towards this, the labours of tlx^ faithful fcrvants of God, who have gone before us, catmot but be of great fcrvicc. And therefore, I fee not why time is not as well fpcnt, in the writings of the noble army o{fuints, and marlyrs, and confejfors, as in thofeof J. Behmen, and much better than in fearch- ing tor truth in the inirard depth and growui of the heart, which is indeed, we fee, deceitful above a^l things. IVbo can kni/iv it f Cop APPENDIX. 20J Copy of a Letter to a Lacfy on the fuhje3 of Jacob Behjnens JVritings. [Sec p. 74.3 Madam, April Sth, 1758. Though your letter djd not give me all the fatisfaclion I had hoped for, yet I find in it fcvcral hints, for which you arc much to be honoured ; and (to fay the truth) I never met with a perfon, who, after diving into thofe matters with which you are at prefcnt engaged, did yet policfs fuch a fpirit c^ humility, and remain fo open to conviction. Being therefore perfuaded you have no difpolition to rejedl the truth, provided I can make it appear to you, and I have no temptation (God is my witnefs) to offer you any thing, clfc inftead of it, I have refblved to addrefs myfclf more cjofely to the fubje6l in queftion; for till we dcfeend to particulars, but little good can be cxpedled from general objections, eafily ob- viated by as general anfvvers ; and perhaps after all, the real merits of the caufe have not been brought into confideration. , I am ready to join ilTue with you, that if J. Behmen .was not infpired, he muft cither have been a hypocr'itr or a madman ; and that his writings are utterly to be rejeded by every fober Chriftian. You have fhewn your judgment, Madam, in thus bringing the whole matter to a tingle point : for now there is only one <|ueftipn to be fettled ; and as you fulpect me of Itaking up with fulfe reports of your author, I fhall $66 A P P N D t X. not be content with any report at all ; but fei down bis own words or refer to their place where I have occafion to fpeak of his do(5lrines. You argue for the probability of his infpiration from thofe words of St. Peter, A&s ii. 17. which, if you examine the place, will appear to have been applied^ not to any future infpirations at fomediftance of time, near to the diflblution of the world; but to the prefent event then brought to pafs : " These, fays he, are not drunken, asyefuppofe; but t"his is t/jaS ivh'ich ivas fpoken by the prophet Joel ; it Jhall come to pafs in the laji days^ &c." where it is plain St. Peter applies thefe words of the Prophet to the miraculous gifts of the fpirit at the time then prefent. He does not indeed confine the gifts ofthe fpirit to that time and feafon only ; yet his words give us no ground to expedt any extraordinary effufions towards the corr- clufion of the world. How this affair is, and what we are really to look for, muil be learnt from fome other paflages. The error,I prefume, arifes from amifunderllanding of that phrafe, the lajl days, which are taken for theje days and this age, when things are drawing apace td their latter end. But, Madam, the Scripture has divided the ages of the world into three grand periods ; the firil of which is called the Beghmlng, whofe date begins at the creation, and takes in all the generations till the eftablifhmcnt of the law of Mofes: as where Chrift fays, " From the heginiiir.g it was not {o.'"' Matt. xix. 3. Mark, x. 6. The fecond is cdled the Old APPENDIX. 207 Old T'mie, Of the Time of the Laiv, when the people of God were under the elements of the world, and the oldnejs of the letter. The third and laft period is the time of the Mejftah, whtn the law was fulfilled, and all ihings became new ; and this period from its^ firft commencement to its eonelnlion is meant by the hitter days, the laji time, &c. After this rule the bleflcd Apoftle thus exprcfleth himfelf, Heb. ix. 26. But now once In the end of ths ivorld hath He (Chrili) appeared to put aivayjin hy ihi facr'ijice of himfelf . If vvc fliould here attend only to the found of an expreflion, without comparing the Scripture with itfelf to attain its fenfe, we might as well expe6l that Chrifl fhould appear again in thef^- days to put away fin, as to expert another miraculous' effufion of the fj)irit from thofc words alleged by St. Peter, wherein the. laji days are fpoken of: for, as it is here f-iid, " In the end of the world he hath ap- peared," fo is it in the other place He hath ihed fbi-th this which ye lee and hear. x\nd this abundantly confirms what I have advanced, that the words in' quef^ion belonged to an event not 7wiz' to be expe6iedj but theri accotnplifhed. If we are dcfirous to knov>', in what pofture the Chrillian Church fhould be toward the end of the world (in the fenfe in which we commonly undcr- fiand that phrafe) that is, ' toward the fecond advent oi Chrifl, we fhall difcover a face of things very differ- ent from what thofe words of the prophet Joelh^iVQ defcribed to us : ' for thefc days, Madam, are not to be dog APPENDIX. be diflinguifhed by the wifdom or hoHnefs of thofc who Hve in them, but, on the contrary, by their abomi- nable ignorance and vvick^dnefs. The hght of Goi> is to be almoll extinguifhed and his lamp going out in the Temple at that midnight wherein the bride- groom cometh ; and falfe delulive lights are to rife up inilead of it. Why elfc is it faid, 2 ThelT. ii. 3. That day Jball not come, except there come a falling 2i\\ixy Jirji F And again, that when the Son of Man cometh, he Jhould not find faith on earth ; for that falfe Chrifls 'dwd. falfe p'ophets, called in another place (i Tim. iv. I .) feducingfpir'tts, [peaking lies in hypocrify, fliould arifc with fuch fecming pretcnlions as fhould be fufiicicnt almoft to deceive the very eleB : and that thefe deceivers fhould multiply fo abundantly, that, for the fakeof fome few, God in mercy would cut fhort the days, left a total corruption fhould take place ? Our bleffcd Saviour is particularly earned with us on this fubje^l, bidding us beware, for that he has told us before, that fome fhould be enticing us into the fields and deferts, others into the fecret chambers, &c. fo that ignorance cannot be our excufe if we are led away with the error of the wicked, and fall from our own fteadfaftnefs. So little encouragement is there to expe(9: new lights and revelations in thefe times, that, on the con- trary, if any man now pretends to he fome great oj^h^ fent from God to enlighten the world, we are to l^uC- pc6t him for one of thefe Impofiors : and as J. Bch- men APPENDIX. 209 iticn has afliimcd fuch a characSlcr, the probability lies ftmngly agaiiift him, even before we examine his credentials. There is another thing you will readily grant : that, luppofmg any fuch deceiver Ihould arife, with his books written at the inftigation of Satan ; I fay fuppoftng fuch a, thing, there would be all the reafon in the world to expecl a confiderable mixture of fandity, temperance, humility, abfiradlion from the >vorld, and other the like virtues : his writings would elfe Itand no chance to deceive the ele3 ; who arc not to be enfnared by open vice and bare-faced immo- rality, but only with high pretences to tlic contrary. Hence it is, that the minifters of Satan never appear with their proper colours, but tramformed as the min'tjiers 0/ righteousxess (2 Cor. xi. 15.) even as their matter himfelf was into an angel of light -, and in this fhape, as a great and good man has ob- ferved, the Devil is moji a Devil^ hecaufe he can moji deceive. The fa6l has always been as I am repre- fenting it ; for if any Heretic ftarted up in the Pri- rnitive Church, it was ever with fomc pretences to fuperior holinefs, mortification, git'tednefs, fpiritr- ality, &c. that his perfonal chara6lcr might raife -the admiration of unwary men, and fo make way for the mofl pernicious and diabolical errors in points of faith. The Scriptures give us ibme inftances, fuch as ah- Jlaining from meats, and. forbidding to many; to which others might be added from eccleliaftical hiftory. The impollor is never content either with the ordinary ^ O knotvledgCy 210 APPENDIX. JincTivJedge, or the ordinary fruits of the Grofpef t but would flir exceed them, and outftrip the prac- tical attainments of all other Chriftians; the beft of whom he will condemn, as Sodomites, fatted Sivhie, Shepherds of Bahel, Mouth Apes, which, with innu- merable others of the fame caft, are the lamb-like phrafes of Jacob Behmen. So that if you fhould find a contempt for the vanity of the world, humility, charity, and other great and fhining virtues flrongly recommended, this is by no means to be allowed as a tell either of the divinity of his commiffion, or the tmth of his preaching. For thefe are the feigned words (2 Pet. ii. 3.) with which he makes mer- chandize of unliable fouls, turning their ears from the truth, that they may be turned unto fables : and if many were led away with fuch devices, even in thofc early days, when the love of Chriftians did even aflonifh infidels, when a fpirit of martyrdom flourifhcd, and the preaching of the apoftles yet found* ed in the Church ; what wonder is it, if many fhould be enfnared by them in thefe dregs of time, when the love of many is waxed cold, and the truth of God is in general evil fpoken o/" throughout the world ? Thefe reflexions I have fet down as preliminaries : they are intended as a fprinkling of water to lay any little duft that may have been raifed for the deceiving your eye-fight ; and they are offered to a perfon vvhofe good fcnfc and difcernment will immediately fee, and I have rcafon to think as readily acknowledge, the truth of them. The APPENDIX. 2ir The probability then, it feems, as to the affair of infpiration, is againft the writings of J. B. Such things are not nozv to be expelled, but the contrary. How the fa6l is in itfelf, we are in the next place to confider ; and there is but one method of doing it to any purpofe, which is this : There is a word of re- velation before us, and we all agree that it was given hy infpiration of God. Whatever therefore is falfe, this mud be true ; fo true, that it is the tell and llandard of all truth upon earth. Every thing that oppofes this word of truth muft be a /ie; and he that delivers is a liar. If he pretend to have received it of God, is fo nnuch the worfe; for then it is not only a lie but a hlafphemy, and he himfelf is a blafphemer, becaufe he makes the fpirit of truth the author of his lies. What J. B. has written muft be judged of by this rule, and received or rejexSted as it fhali be found to agree with it. And firft let us take a view of his ftyle and method in general, which is not at all like that of the Scripture, but the reverfe of it ; for the Scripture is clear and uniform in its language, as coming all of it from the fame author, and addreffing itfelf to the capacity of all mankind. Even where it is moft obfcure, as in the vifions of Ezekiel, and the Revelation of St. John, it borrows ideas from the things that are before us, and takes the vifible obje^ls of the natural creation to exprefs and delineate what is unknown or invilible: that if you have obtained its meaning in one cafe, you will be able to unriddle it in every other cafe of O 2 the 2ia APPENDIX. the fame fort : whence arifes the great ufcfubiefs and neceility o{ crmipar'mg fp'ir'itiial ihings ivith fpiritual, that is, the Bible with itfelf, in order to comprehend them. But how different from all this is the ftylc of J. B. ! His ideas are rarely taken from natm*e, but in general from the dark fcicnee of Alchemy, in which he had dabbled till his brain was turned : hence it is that we find fo much about ether, fptrit, matrix, genitr IX, ejfence, quint ejfence, ejfence of ejfcnces, t'mclures, extra^s, harJ]mefs,JourneJs, hltternefs, attraiioii, jire- hreaths, Jugar 'of- hell., fait, fulphur, mercury, and pthers of the like fort, fo abhorrent from the Scrip- ture, that the very found of them is fufficicnt to frighten ai^iy man but a blackfmith out of his fenfes. If I guefs right, Paracelfus was the father of this jar- gon : he held it no crime to deal with the devil for the ad'v^ncement of medicine and chymiftr}-;. and the chymical writers of fucceeding times, after his ex- ample, have intermixed with their writings fomeof the bighcfl myfteries of the Chriflian faith, veiled under the occult terms of their own wonderful fcicnee, to be underftood only by adepts (fuch as Jacob calls the children of the lily) who, they pretended, were to be holy and pure from all fpot of iniquity : fo that your author, Madam, with all his myfteries is very far from being an original ; and in his Hyle and method is fo oppolite to facred Scripture, that his language mull: not be imputed to the fame author by any per- fon who has rightly confidered hoth. But you tell me, " The wonls are his own, he-.fays : the ferfe only was APPENDIX. 213 "was infpiredy And if he fays this, he is not to be believed any way : for, in tlie firft place, his infpired writings will tlien be like no other ; the prophets and apoftles having spoken (not thought only) as the Jpr'it gave them utterance : and the whole facred Scripture is not called the fenfe but the word of God ; becaufe Chrilt and the Holy Ghoii /pake it by the prophets, whofe ufual introduction is. Thus SAiTH the Lord. Hence it is that the prophet Z)/:zx7V/, fpcaking of his own infpiralion, favs, 1 Sam. xxiii. 2. " His word ivas in my tougue;" and ag-ain, in the xlvth Pfalm, " My tongue is the pen of a ready ivritery Whence it is manifefl, that the infpiration from the fpirit of God did, in fa<^, always extend to the tongue , and the exprejfions whether Jpoken or ivritten : and there are weighty reatbns why it cannot be otherwife; but I bav^e no room for them. Secondly. If Jacob fays this, he forgets himfclf, and is in two ftories ; for, in his fecond book, con- cerning the three principles^ chap. xxv. 51, be fays, " We fj)cak not our ozvn ivords, but we /peak in our knowledge and driving in the fpirit that which is llicvvn us of God." Again, chap. xxv. 100, he tells us of '* the fpirit that driveth his peyi-^ and his peii could not be driven to thought^ but only to utterance or exprejjion. So that if what you have obfcrved be true, that the ivords are his oivn, he fays, then he has con tradi (fled himfclf in terms, and that with re- gard to the firft and great point of which he ought to latisfy us, viz. the reality of his iufpiration, v.hich O 3 can 214 APPENDIX. can receive but little honour from fuch inconfillencics. But the worfi; is, that he hath not only contracli6lcd himfclf but the Scriptures ; and that in many more inftances than I can enumerate within the compals of a letter. You fay, Madam, he has not axldcd to the bock, but only explained it ; whereas it appears to me (from fome things which perhaps have not yet fallen in your way) that he contradicts it, and has added many things to it ; for he has fet up do6lrines expreflly condemned by it, and has denied feveral of its moil pofitive aflertions. In the piece aJDove mentioned, which is the fum of all his dotftrines, he preaches up " the regiment (rule or dominion) of the^^^rj arid elements that dr'iveth the hody and foul of man, chap, xviii. 25. Eat to make the foul of man fubje6t to be driven by the in- fluence oftheilars, is no other than Idolatiy and Paganifm : it was this notion that introduced the vain fcience of afirology, and led the Heathen to worfhip the ftars, as gods endued with the po\\'er of over-ruling the affairs of this lower world. But God warned his people againfl this docirine ; Jer. x. 2. Learn not the way of the Heathen, and he not dfmayed at the figns of heaven : the fame is repeated more than once in the law of Mofcs. And the contrary is again repeated by Jacob, chap. xx. 87. "0 Cain, thy potent kingdom cometh not from God, but halh its influence from theflarry heaven :\ and again, ilnd. *' The mle and government of this world, all ac- cording^ to the hiflacnce of theflar^^ not ordained of the Deityr APPENDIX. 215 Deity y Which is doubly falfe : (or iho. government eilabhflied in the world is not from ihcj^ars, as he affirms ; but t^e powers that be, whether good or bad (for this was fpoken of Nero J are ordained of God. As for his explaining the book, let us take the fol- lowing inftance ; whence it will follow, that if he was infpired, St. John, who wrote the Revelation, certainly was n-ot. The, /even golden candhjtichs^ as Chriji expounded their meaning in vifion to Saint John, did lignify \}cie.fei>en clmrches of Alia ; and the fevenjlars^ the ungels (that is, the bifliops or chief rulers) of thofc churches. But Jacob, taking the matter into his hands, expounds them afrefli, and fays, chap. xx. 42, " ThQ feve?i golden candlvjlichs are his hmnanity, Xhcfeven Jlars are his d^ity :" which two expofitions, as they can no way be reconciled with each other, we need on!y compare, to detc6l the ignorance and impudence of this Impoftor. From another paflage wjc fhall have the fame conclufion, either againft him, or againtt Mofes and St. Paid. Chap. xi. 40, he fays, " Adam looked upon the tree of knowledg-e, became infc(?ted bv hid and ivas undone: and then, faid the heart of God, // is n^t good for him to he alone T This throws the temptation of Adam quite into another order, and makes it arife from other caufes than what God bath revealed to lis; for Adam gives this as the reaibn of hi-j fall The woman whom thou gaveft to he -zvith me^ fhe ga-V me of the tree, and I did eat. Gen. iii. 12. ^To which . St. Paul feferririg afliires n- (i Tim. ii, ^4.) that O 4 Adam 2x6 APPENDIX. Adam was not deceived, but that tie iionuw, heing de- ceived, ivas in the tranfgrejjion. This makes the woman to have hctr\ f}-Jt in the order of the tranf- greffion, and alfo the immediate caiilc of Adams falHng after her example. But here Jacob puts in his negative. Adam, according to him, ivas decerned : and the zvoma?i wasfo far from being firft in the order of the tranfgreffion, that the angcHc man fell and was undone, before the woman was taken out of him : fo that unlcfs Adam was deceived and fjot deceived^ and unlefs he was both fii-ft and lad in the order of the trantgreflion, then it muft be allowed that Jacob Behmcn was not infpired, or that Mofes and St. Paid were not ; for their do6lrines cannot ftand together : and here we are to remember, as it was obferved above, that if this man was not infpired, and yet affirms that he is, while he is fo often giving the lie to the fpirit of God, he is not only a liar of the worft fort but a hJafphemer. You tell me. Madam, he has given no ne%v revela- tion. So .he fays, indeed, that he zvrites no nav thing: but what is that account of a limbus, or matrix of pre- cxifting matter, out of which the world wd?> generated, horn, and at length created? Chap. iv. What is that heavenly flejh, that quint ejfenve ofthejlars, of which wiiVCiS'l'ody was made, chap. x. lo, though God hath revealed to us, that he formed man of the dujl of the ground? To which alfo St. Paul alluding tays, Thejjrfl man is of the earth, earthy. What, again, but a new revelation, is that ftrange ftory, that Adam' Jhoitid APPENDIX. 217 JhoTfhi have propagated an atigelical hoji out of his own iv'iU^ without pain, by a'u:akenmg in hhnfelf the para- difiacal centre ? Chap. x. ii. What is this centre J Have Mofes or the prophets fpokcn of it ? And arc we not told that God faidto Adam and Eve in their ftatc of innocence. Be fruitful and multiply and re~ plcnifh the earth? Again, did he learn that Adam had no entrails, Itomach, or guts? Ch,ap. x. 19. Yet in the perfect ftatc of Adam, God bade him eat of the treesof the garden. Therefore, fays Jacob, he mufl liavc taken it into his mouth, and not into the hody. Surely, Madam, this is not to explain the book of God, but to deny it, and to reveal to us fuch wonder- ful fluff inftead of it, as is not fit to be repeated or thouglit of. Yet thcfc things, according to the au- thor, are the root and gromid of the depth ; without allowing which he affirms wc can know nothing at all. But if there arc any depths here, I will be bold to fay, they arc the depths of Satan, without fearing any mifchief from that profufion of threatenings and imprecations which this man hath beflowed, through- out his works, on all thofc who dare to gainfay his" do(9:rines. I might here add fomcthing upon his Light of Nature ; which, as he has defcribed it at large, is the great myflery of pagan enthufiafm, and the root of modern infidelity. His ahominahle pride, where he liiys, v:e, meaning himfclf and the fpirit of Gon ; with his frequent boaftings of high and unutterable hiovdedgc, meaning fuch ftuft as I havejuft now re- , pcatcd ; - aii APPENDIX. peatecl; the foul venom of his tongue, in railing at the authority of the Church, and all Chriftian divines from the days of the apoftles down to his own, with- out excepting any that I can yet find, unlefs it ha ibme of the^ primitive Heretics, who were juft fuch taints as himfelf; his r'ulicuktts and mih-Jcriftural isierpretatiGn ef toords'y for when the Gofpel hath given us the important \cn(t and interpretation of the name Jefus, *' For he fhall save his people from their fins,'* he goes to his deep language of nature, and declares with much pomp, that " Je is his hum- hllng, and the iyllable Sits prefleth aloft through all.'* Chap. xxii. 76. ^Thefe and many other things I might cxpofc at large : but as I am afTured from your own words, and am fatisfied from the whole fpirit of your "writing, that you have humility enough to confefs an error, tvhen you are convinced of It, I Tvill not weary your patience with any farther obfervations on the writings of Jacob Behmcn ; but fhall here conclude them, with heartily recommending you and my own poor endeavours to the grace and bleffing of Almighty God, You fecm to take it ill that I apprehended fome dan- ger for you \ which indeed I did more than I do at prefent : yet I rejoice, Madam, that any occurrence or any inftrument, be it who or what it will, has taught you to defpife the world, and ftirred up in you a thirft after the wifdom of God. In this, go on and profper : I heartily bid you God fpeed : and if you defire to learn the knowledge of divine mylleries for APPENDIX. ai9 for your edification and comfort in this vale of mifery, there are ways and means, though the "uoell is deep, by which, through God s blefling on your induftry, much living water may be drawn out of it ; and that without letting down into it the vellel of J.Behmen. If any myitcrics of the Scriptures are rightly ex- plained by him, (and it would be hard indeed, if with all his pretences he had not hit upon fomething) the fame have alfo been explained by more fober men, and in a far better manner. An EngUJh reader need not be at a lofs for the interpretation of the Scripture, fo long as the writings of Bifhop Andrews, Hall, Brownrig, and Leflie, and many others are current a- mongft us. Thefe are fome of the books I would hum- bly recomniend to your reading. Andrews is a noble and profitable expofitor : one of his feiTnons on the Pajfion is the grcatefl human compofition extant on the fubje6t : his difcourfes on Repentance and Hu- miliation, on the neceflity of receiving the Holy Spirit, with the Way to diftinguifh his genuine FruitF, are all adrnkable. His Devotions breathe a mofl exalted fpirit of piety, while they contain a complete body af the Chriftian myftcries. There are fome Englifh editions : but the bell is from a Greek and Latin copy found among his papers after his death, all blotted and foiled with his tears. Brownrig has, mnong other excellent difcourfes, eight fermons on the Transfiguration, wherein the great myftcries of that part of our Saviour's hillory are unfolded with equal ikilfulnefs and piety. Leflie, in his Hiftory of 3 Sin 220 A P P E N D I X. Sin and Hcrefy, will lay open to you the whole 7nyjlery ef iiilqiiity, traced from the flill of Lucifer out of heaven, down to the modern herclies and blafphcmies : and if you would fee every falfe pretence to infpiration dete6led and expofed beyond a poffibility of a reply, you may look into his pieces againft the Qimkers, with his preface on Antonietta Bourignon. His works are in two folios, ealily to be met with. For the Jpir'itual Jifpojitlons no author exceeds Kempis in his Imitation of Jefus Chrift. Dr, Cave's Lives of the Primitive Fathers is a book very ufeful and en- tertaining, neceflary to give fome notion of the pri- mitive times, with that knowledge, fpirit and dif- cipline, which are now departed from amongft us. There is one book more which I believe may be very acceptable ; and as you are already in pofleflioa of Bifhop Hall, 'tis the lafl I lliall mention ; that is QuefneFs Moral Reflexions on the New Tefta- ment : he has a great talent in fpeaking to the heart, and applying the hiftory of the Gofpel, fo as to ad- vance us in the fpirit and practice of the Chriflian life. I had almoft forgotten Mr. Wogan, the laft able expofitor which this Church has produced ; whofe four volumes on the Proper Leflbns are in the hands of many pious people, and are greatly recommended by thofe who make the Bible their ftudy. After all that can be faid, the Holy Ghoft himfelf is the bed interpreter of his own writings ; and to boundlcfs is the treafure therein contained, that the Scripture compared with itfclf will frequently open fomc APPENDIX. 221 fome things to the faithful enquirer, which no com- tnentator will infoiTn us of. But neverthclefs, our weaknefs is obliged to call in the help of our brethren on feveral occaiions ; and though the Scripture be itfclf the ivord of life y yet it is profitably held forth to us by the hand oiman, and placed on a candleftick, that they, which are in the hqufe may fee the light, and partake of its influences. That this may ever be the fruit of all jo?^r reading, and that the light of God's Revelation may clear up all your doubts, and guide your feet through the paths of found and wholefome doctrine into the way of eternal peace, is the fincere-wifh and prayer of. Madam, Your moft obliged, &c. 8cc. &c. Having 222 APPENDIX. Having mentioned (p. 6 nnd 43 ) Dr. Home's turn for poetical compofitjon, the editor thinks the reader will not be dif- pleafed, if a few of his Poems are added for a fpecimen. THE FRIEND. The fafteft ftiend the world affords Is quickly from me gone ; Faithlcfs behold him turn his back. And leave me all alone 1 ir. " My friend, fincerely yours till death ;*' The world no farther goes ; Perhaps, while earth to earth is laid, A tear of pity flows. III. Be thou, my Saviour y then my friend. In thee my foul fhall truft. Who falfe wilt never prove in death, Jlor leave me in the duft. IV. Home while my other friends return, All folemn, filent, fad, "With thee my flefh fhall reft in hope, And all n^y bones be glad. THK APPENDIX. -fltt^ THE LEAF. WE Ahh CO FADE AS A LSAF- Ifa. Ixh'. 6- I. O E E the leaves around us falling. Dry and wither'd to the ground ; Thus to thoughtlefs mortals calling* In a fad and folemn found : II. Sons of Adam, once in Eden Blighted when like us he feU, Hear the iefture we are reading, 'Tis, alas ! the truth we teli. Ill, Virgins, much, too much, prefuming On your boafted white and red. View us, late in beauty blooming. Numbered now among the dead. IV. Griping mifers, nightly waking. See the end of all your care ; Fled on wings of our own making, We have left our owners bare., 'V. Sons of honour, fed on praifes, Flutt'ring high in fancied worth, Lo ! the fickle air, that raifes. Brings us down to parent earth* VI. Lcarne4 224 APPENDIX. VI. Learned fophs. In fyftems jaded, "Who for new ones daily call, Ceafe, at length, by us perfuaded, Ev'ry leaf muft have its fall 1 VII. Youths, tho* yet no lofles grieve you. Gay in health and manly grace. Let not cloudlefs fkies deceive you. Summer gives to Autumn place. VIII. Venerable fires, grown hoary,! Hither turn th' unwilling eye. Think, amidft your falling glory. Autumn tells a winter nigh. IX. Yearly in our courfc returning Meflengers of fliorteft flay, Thus we preach this truth concerning, ** Heav'n and earth (hall pafs away.'* X. On the Tree of Life eternal, Man, let all thy hope be ftald, "Which alone, for ever vernal. Bears a Leaf that Ihall not fade. AN APPENDIX. z2$ AN ODE, T>HE SENT4MENT FROM THE J31VINE H-ERBERT. f. Sweet day, fo cool, fo calm, fo bright. Bridal of earth and flcy. The dew fliall weep ihy fall to-night ; For thou, alas ! muft die. II. Sweet rofe, in air whofe odours wwc, And colour charms the eye, Tliy root is ever in its grave. And thou, alas ! muft die. III. Sweet fpring, of days and rofes made, Whofe charms for beauty vie, Thy days depart, thy rofes fade. Thou too, alas ! muft die. IV. Be wife then, Chriftian, while you may, For fwiftly time is flying ; The thoughtlefs man, that laughs to-day, To-morrow will be dying. THE i.26 APPENDIX THE FLOWERS^ THE HELIOTROPE. Through all the changes of the day I turn me to the sun : In clear or cloudy Ikies I fay Alike Ti^y will be done ! THE VIOLET. A LOWLY flow'r, in fecret bow'r, Invifible I dwell ; For blefllng made, without parade. Known only by my fmell. THE LILY. Emblem of him, in whom no ftain The eye of Heav'n could fee, In all their glory, monarchs vain Are not array'd like me. THE ROSE. With ravifli'd heart that crimfon hail, "Which in my bofom glows : Think how the lily of the vale BecameHike Sharon's rofe. THE APPENDIX. 227 THE PRIMROSE. When Time's dark winter fhall be o'er. His ftorms and tempefts laid, Like me you'll rife, a fragrant flow'r. But not, like me, to fade. THE GARDEN. The bow'r of innocence and blifs Sin caus'd to difappear : Repent, and walk in faith and love You'll find an Eden here. A MORNING HYMN ON EASrj^R-DAT, h H ARK ! the fhrill herald of the morn JJegins the fons of men to warn, And bids them all arife. To ceJebrate jiis great renown. Who fends the light refulgent down. To blefs our ionging eyest II. At this the fainting fhadows die. The pow'rs of darknefs fwiftly fly Before the morning flar ; Pale trembling murder dares not ftay. And fiends, abafh'd at fight of day. Back to their devi repair. P 2 III. 'Tis 228 APPENDIX. III. *Tis this the weary failor cheers, Who now no more the tempeft hears. Which morning bids to ceafe : O come that day-fpring from on high. When difcord (hall with darknefs fly. And all be light and peace ! IV. *Twas this that drew repentant tears From Peter, led by worldly fears His mafter to difown j Warn'd by the monitor of day, ^e call the works of night away. And fought th' abjured fun. v Whene'er the bird of dawning crows. He tells us all how Peter rofe. And mark'd us out the road ; That each difciple might begin, Awake, like him, from fleep and fin. To think betimes on God. VI. Smote by the eye that looks on all, Let us, obedient to the call, Arife to weep and pray ; Till mournful, as on fin we mufe. Faith, like an angel, tells the news> " The Lord is ris'n to-day." ON APPENDIX. 229 6 N DAVID GARRICK's tUNERAL PROCESSION. JL HRO* weeping London*s crowded ftrects. As Garrick's fun'ral pafs'd. Contending wits and nobles ftrove, Who fhould forfake him laft. Not fo the world behav'd to hiittf Who came that world to fave^ By folitary Jofeph borne Unheeded to his grave. If what 19 done by mortals here Departed fpirits know, Confus'd and blufliing, Garriek views This grand parade of woe. Tho* much to be admir'd by man. He had yet, gracious Heaven ! Much, very much he had, indeed. By thee to be forgiv'n. But thou art good ! And fince he died, Compos'd without a groan. Repentant David, let us hope. May live through David's Son, P 3 WRITTEN 236 APPENDIX. WRITTEN AT AN INN. ii From much-lovM friends whene'er I pari^ A penfive fadnefs fills my heart j Pall fcenes my fancy wanders o'er. And fighs to think they are no more. II. Along the road I rauGng go, 0*er many a deep and miry flough ; The fhrouded moon withdraws her light/ And leaves me to the gloomy night* III. An inn receives me, where unknown, I folitary fit me down : Many I hear, and fome I fee, I nought to them, they nought to me. IV. Thus in thefe regions of the dead A pilgrim's wand'ring life I lead. And ftill at every ftep declare, I've no abiding city here : V. For very far from hence I dwell, And therefore bid the world farewell^ Finding of all the joys it gives A fad remembrance only lives. 8 VI. Rougli APPENDIX, 231 VI. Rough ftumbling-ftones my fteps o'erthrow, And lay a wand'ring (inner low ; Yet Hill my courfe to heav'n I fteer, Tho' neither moon nor ftars appear^! VII. The world is like an inn j for there Men call, and ftorm, and drink, and fwear i While undifturb'd a Chriftian waits. And reads, and writes, and meditates. VIII. Tho' In the dark oft-times I ftray. The Lord fhall light me on my way. And to the city of the Sun Condu(St me, when my journey's done. IX. There by thefe eyes fhall he be feen. Who fojourn'd for me in an inn ; On Sion's hill I thofe fhall hail. From whom I parted in the vale. X. Why am I heavy then and fad, When thoughts like thefe fhould make me glad ? Mufe then no more on things below j Arife, my foul, and let us go. f 4 TK a^2 A ^ P E N D I XL THE MONKISH LATIN HYMN, USED AS A GRACE AFTER MEAT AT MAGDALEN COLLEGE, OXFORDjw I. 1 E Deum patrem colimusy Te laudibus profequimur. Qui corpus cibo reficis, Goclefti mentem gratia* Te adoramus, O Jefu> Te, Fill unlgenite, Tc, xjui non dedignatus es Subire clauftra virginis. HI. Ailu8 in crucem falus es Irato Deo vidlima j Per te, Salvator unice. Vitas fpes nobis rediit. IV. TibI, Seterne Spiritus, Cujus afBatu peperit Infantem Deum Maria^ iEternura benediciraus. V. Triune Deus, hominum Salutis autor cptime, Immenfum hoc myfterium Ovanti lingua canimusr TRANS- APPENDIX. i33 TRANSLATION. I. 1 HEE, mighty Father, we adore^ And praife thy name for evermore ; "VVhofe bounty feeds all Adam's race. And cheers the hungry foul with grace. II. Great co-eternal Son, to thee. With one confent, we bow the knee. For our falvation man become. Thou didft not fcorn the virgin^s wombw III. The Pafchal Lamb, foreihewn of old, In thee, fweet Jefu ! we behold, And pardon thro' thy blood receive. While on thy crofs we look and live. IV. Thee too, all hallowed myftic Dove, We ever blefs, and ever love : Thy wonders how fhall we declare ? The Lord was born, the virgin bare? V. Almighty, everlafting Three, No other God we have but thee; Thy glorious works, immortal King, In triumph thus we daily fing. ESSAYS AND THOUGHTS ON VARIOUS SUBJECTS, AND FROM VARIOUS AUTHORS, &c. BY THE RIGHT REVEREND GEORGE HORNE, D. D, LATE BISHOP OF NORWICH. / ESSAYS AND THOUGHTS V' ON VARIOUS SUBJECTS, &c ABBEY LANDS. Sir Benjamin Rudyard in a fpeech (prefei-ved by Nalfbn, ii. 300) mentions it as the principal parliamentary motive for feizing the abbey lands by Henry VIII. that they would fo enrich the crown, as that the people fhould never he put to pay fiih-^ Jidies again ; and an army of 40,000 men for the de- fence of the kingdom fhould be maintained with the overplus. How did the matter turn out ? Sir Benjamin tells us, " God's part, religion, by his bleffing, had been tolerably well preferved; but it hath been faved as by fire ; for the reft is confumed and vanifhed. The people have paid^ fubfidies eve^ lince, and we are now in no very good cafe to pay an army." [A more exa6l account of this delign and its confequences may be found in Sir Henry SpeK Plan's Hiftory of Sacrilege^ chap, vii.] a ABE- J9t^ A P^P E N D I X ABELARD, The bad tendency of Mr. Pope's Eloifa to Aber iard is remarked by Sir John Hawkins, in his Hif- tory of Mufic, vol. ii. p. 23, as depreciating^ matrimony, and juftifying concubinage. This is founded on a falfe ^t; Abelard 'was married. The original letters are finer than even Pope's : they were publifhed ann. 1718, by Rawlinfon, from a MS. in the Bodleian library. Sir John Hawkins, fpeaking of Abelard's fkill in fcholaftical theology, and profligacy of manners, makes the following fenfible obfervation : " To fay the truth, the theo- Igy of the fehools, as taught in Abelard's time, was merely fcientific, and had as little tendency to re- gulate the manners of thofe who ftudied it, as geo- metry, or any other of the mathematical fciences.'^ The obferv^ation may be extended to otber mode^. of fiudying divinity. ADVERSITY. The fiery trials of adverlity have the fame kindly cfFedl on a Chriftian mind, which Virgil afcribes to burning land. They purge away the bad proper- ties, and remove obftru6tions to the operations of heaven. Sive ilHs omne per ignem Excoquitur vitium, atque exfudat inutilis humor, Seu APPENDIX. 213^ Seu plures calor ille vlas et caeca relax at Spiramcnta, novas veniat qua fuccus in herbas. Georg. i. 87^ Or when the latent vice is cur'd by fire, Redundant humours through the pores expire ; Or that the warmth diftends the chinks, and makes New breathings, whence new nourifhment (he takes; Or that the heat the gaping ground conft rains. New knits the furface, and iiew firings the veins. Drypen, 1 28, ALCORAN. Extravagant praifes are bellowed by Sale and bis difciples on the Koran, which equal the enthu- liafm of Mahomet and his followers ; going every length but that of faying, it was didlated by the Spi- rit of God. Wonderful and horrible 1 This not much noticed not mentioned, I think, in White's lectures, as it fhould have been, and expofed. [But if any reader wants fatisfa6lion on the fubjedl of Mahome- tifm, he will find it in Dr. Prideaux's Life of Ma- homet .J AMBITION. The ambitious man employs his time, his pains, and his abilities, to climb to a fummit, on which, at laft, he Hands with anxiety and fear, and from which if he fall, it muft be with infamy and ruin. A man of like turn in the time of Charles II. had, by like unwearied application, attained a like fituation, on the top of Salilbury fpire. Every fober thinking man 4Q APPENDIX. man will fay in one cafe what the merry monnrch faid in the other ; " Make the fellow oyt a patent, ihixi no one may iland there but himfclf." ANGELS. Man (a minifler of Chrift in particular) (hould refemble them in reconciling duty with devotion. They vimljier to the heirs of faJvation ; yet akvays he- boid iho-face of their Father in heaven. AFRICAN ANTS. These infeds fet forward fometimes in fuch mul- titudes, that the whole earth fcems to be in motion. A corps of them attacked and covered an elephant quietly feeding in a pafture. In eight hours, nothing was to be feen on the fpot, but the Ikeleton of that enormous animal, neatly and completely picked. r The bufinefs wiis done, and the enemy marched on after frefh prey. Such power have the fmallefl creatures a6ling in concert. APOPHTHEGMS. It is faid, I think, of Bi(hop Sanderibn, that by frequently oonverfing with his fon, and fcattcring ^ort apophthegms, with little pleafant fiories, and making ufeful applications of them, the youth was, jn his infancy, taught to abhor vanity and vice as monftcrs. ASSES, APPENDIX. 241 ASSES. ^KERE are wild afies in South America. They have three properties which bear a moral application. 1. Though exceedingly Iwift, fierce and untrac- table, after carrying Xhcjitft loadj their celerity leaves them, their dangerous ferocity is lofl, and they foon coiltra6l the Itupid look and dulnefs of the afinine fp'ecies : one of them becomes like another afs. 1. If that more noble animal a horfe happens to ftray into the places where they feed, they all fall upon him; and, without giving him the liberty of flying from them, they bite and kick him, till they leave him dead upoli the fpot. 3. They are very trouble- fome neighbours, making a moll honid noife ; for whenever one or two of them begin to bray, they are anfwered in the fame vociferous manner by all within reach of the Ibund, which is greatly increafed and prolonged by the repercuflions of the vallies, and breaches of the mountains. Ulloa, i. 248. [An Englifh gentleman, relident in the Eaft, kept one of the af!cs of the country for his ufe, who was fo troublefome with his noife, that he ordered a flave to ftrike him on the nofe with a cane when he began to vociferate ; in confequence of which, the creature in a few days fell from his appetite, and would adlually have pined away and died, for want of the liberty of making his own frightful noife.] Q ATHA- iit APPENDIX. ATHANA.SIAN CREED. THE.doclrinCiS in the public femce (as a noble author has fuppbfcd) arc not the true caufe why people of rank, &c. ablent thctnfelvesj but downright ungodlincfs, amufements, racing, hunting, gambling, viliting and intriguing fctting out for Newmarket on a Sunday, &c. Would the gentlemen of the turf come the more to church if the Athanafian Creed were ftruck out, Stc^ ? It is not true that thcfe doctrines '^ are acknow- ledged to be ill founded and unfcriptural by every clergyman of learning and candour ;" or that " na man of fenfe and learning can maintain them." There have been and arc many inflances both of laity and clergy that hold them to be fcriptural, and maintaiu them as fuch. The abettors of herel}' and infidelity are not the only j/ien of fettfe in the nation [in good mamiers they certainly do not abound]. Dr. Middleton, when he had apoftatizcd, by men of fenfe meant mfdeJs. [This article was occafioned by a pamphlet ilyled Hints, &c. afcribed to the aofG.] AVARICE. w A canine appetite inclines perfons to take dowr^ their food in fuch quantities, that they vertjit it up again \\kQ. dogs. So Job of the rapacious greedy op-- j^reiibr ; " He hath Iwallowed down riches, and he .6 " lliall A P 1^ E 1^ t> 1 5t; a4j " Hiall vomit them up again." Chap. xx. 15. What is croaricey but fuch an appetite of the mind ? 1. He, who flatters himfelf, that he refolves to em- ploy his fortune wellj though he fhould acquire it ill^ ought to take this-with him, that fuch a compenfa- tion of evil by good may be allowed after the fa6l, but is defervedly condemned in that purpofe. And it may be obferved, that a refolution of this kind, taken beforehand, is feldom carried into adl afterwards. Nemo unquam hnperium flagit'iis qucejitum bonis ar~ tihns exermit. -Tacit. Hifl. i. No one ever ex- crcifed with virtue pov/er obtained by crimes. 3. The eagernefs with which fome men feek after gold would lead one to imagine it had the power to remove all uneafinefs, and make its ftofiefibrs com- pletely happy ; as the Spaniards pretended to the Mexicans, that it cured them of a pain at the hearty to which they were fubjedl. Riches, will make a man juft as happy as the em- peror of Siam's white elephant, who is ridden by no- body, lives at his cafe, is ferved in plate, and treated like a monarch. 4. It is worthy obfervatidn, that Perfeus, who loft the Macedonian empire, was infamous for his avarice; and Paulus Emilius, his conqueror, ^o entirely the reverfe, that he ordered all the gold and filver, that was taken, into the public treafury, without feeing it; nor ever was one farthing the richer for his vi6lories, though always generous, of his own, to others. Q 2 5. At 244 APPENDIX. 5. At a time when Perfian bribes were very rife p^ Athens, a porter humoroufly propofed, that twelve of the pooreft citizens fliould be annually fent am- bafladors to the Perfian court, to be enriched by the king's prcfents. Ibid. Poor men fliould be made minifters of fiate in England, for the fame purpofci BEARS. Their fagacity is very great. The Kamtfchadalei are obliged to them for what little advancement they ha\x hitherto made, either in the fcicnces or ihepoJifi arts. From them they learned the value of fimplcs ibr internal ufe and external application. They ac- knowledge the bears likewife for their dancing-majiers : what they call the bear-dance is an exadl counterpart of every attitude and gefturc peculiar to this animal, through its fcVeral functions : and this is the founda- tion and ground-work of all their other dances, and what they value themftlves moft upon. King, iii. 308, chap. V. BENTLEY. Bextley is a model for poletnical preaching, on account of the concifenefs, perfpicuity and fairnefs vyith which objections are ftated, and the clear, full and regular manner in which they are anfwered. BIGOTRY. APPENDIX, t^^ BIGOTRY, Arabes art'mm el lilerdrum omnium adeo riules eranf, vJ id imprimis curajfv piitentTfr, . 6. vol. ii. p. 137. 18. Genuine knowledge fhould be difFufed. Qiad magni faceres, faid archbifhop Warham to J^rafmus, fi uni agrejli '^oj^ello predicdris f Nunc lihris tuis omnes doces paJlGreSy fruBu huge ube^ riort. Cooper's Charge, p. 22. What great work could you have wrought, had your preaching been confined to one fmall and rullic flock ? But now, with much more extenfive benefit, your books in- ilrudl the fhepherds of all other flocks. BRACHMANS AND ALEXANDER. Great indeed was the flatelinefs of the Brach- mans ! When Alexander exprefied a defire to con- verfe with them, he was told, thefe philofophers made no vilits ; if he wanted to fee them, he mufl go to their houfes. ^The tradition of a fall and reftoration was ftrong among them. BRIBERY. 55 APPENDIX, BRIBERY. The Spartans were the only people that for a whilq feemed to difdain the love of money ; but, the con- tagion ftill fpreading, even they, at laft, yielded to its allurements ; and every man fought private emolu- ments, without attending to the good of his country. ; " That which has been is that which. iliaP;be,l'^ OF BUYING BOOKS. YouxG rpen fliould not be difcouraged from buy- ing books. Much may depend on it. It is laid of Whifton, that the accidental purchafe of Tacquet's Euclid at an au6lion firfi: occafioncd his application to mathematical ftmiieS;^ Bicg. Dicl. art. Whifton. well. %s\. p. 394. CATHARINE I. PF. Russia. Shi was not very l^rilliant and quick in her xxnr derftanding, but the reafoi; why the Czar was fo fond of her, was her exceeding good tcmpcK : llic nc\'ei' was ieen peevifli or out of humour ; obliging and crvil to all, and never forget fill of her tbrmcp coivi- dition. Coxe, i. 568, from Gordon. Peter was fub- je6l to occafional horrors, which at times rendered him gloomy and fufpicious, and raifed his paffions to fuch a height, as to produce a temporary madnefs. In thefe dreadful moments Catharine was the only perfon who ventured to approach hrm ; and fuch was the kind of fafcination fhe had acquired ovej* him, that her prefence had an inftantaneous cffuot, and A P ft E N B J X, isi iind the flrfl foiihd of her voice Qompofed his mind iand cahned bis agonies. From thefe circumftanceS iflic iberlicd neceHarv, not only to his comfortj but to his very exiltence : the became his infeparablc com- panion on his .joyrnies into foreign countries, and ieven in all his military expeditions. P. 554. CHARACTERS AND ACTIONS OF REMARKABLE PERSONS. i. It will be hereafter with a wicked man, when ht* is pnnilh"sd fcr his tins, as it was with Apollodo- fus, when he dreamed that he was flayed and boiled by the Scythians, and his l^earf fpakc to him out of the cauldron .-*-'Eyw' rrsi 'J^ricv cujiu, I am the caufe of thelc thy fiifferings. 2. Lyfimachus, for extreme thirft, offered his king- dom to the Grctoe, to queiich. it. His exclama- tion, when he bad drank, is wonderfully ftrikiiig ^' Ah ! wretcbcd me ! who. lor fuch a momentary gra^ tification, havC loft fo -great a kitigdom! fi>tv ryjg I^y,^ TturSctg, &gi oi '^^o.r,v htm ppxyjiciv, i^zCiYj^ui "QoKriKzlai fviXiKccvTyig^- How applicable this to the cafe of him, w ho, for the momentary pleafures of fin, parts with the kingdom of heaven ! 3. Horticulture, as it was the primitive employment 6f man, lb it is what great gehiufes, after having paflcd through the bnlieft fcenes in the political and military worlds retire to with plcafure towards the clofc of their days, See Sir W. Temple's Gardens of Epicurus. 4. A 454 APPENDIX; 4. A fruty great genius doth not think it bcneatu him to attend to little thin^. When Paulas Emilius, after his conquefl of Macedon, enter- tained the principal men of Greece, he iliewed that he underftood the ordering and placing of his guefts, and how every man fhould be received according to his rank and quality, to fiich an exadl nicety, that the Greeks were furprifed to tind him fo ex- pert and careful even about trifles, and that a man engaged in fo many weighty aftairs fhould obfervc a decorum in fuch little matters. He told them, the fame fpirit was required in marllialling a banquet, as an army. See Plutarch. 5. The fame PaulusEmilius, when he had followed to the grave two of the bed: of fons, one a few days beforc his triumph, the other a few days after it, told a convention of the Romans, that, after fuch a tide of fuccefs, he had feared a reverfe. of fortune eitlier to them or himfelf ; that he now felt his mind prfe(5lly at reft, as by the ftroke falling on him and his family he looked upon his country to be fafe. There is a generofity and greatncfs of foul in this behaviour not eafy to be paralleled, as it came from a heart, fays Plutargh, truly lincere, and free from all artifice. 6. It is finely obfcrvcd by Plutarch, that, " as that ** body is moft llrong and healthful, which can beft ** fupport extreme cold and exceffive heat, in the "change of feafons; and that , mind the ftrongeft " an4 firmcft, which can beft bear profperity and " adv^r- APPENDIX. 255 *' advcdity, and the. change from one to the other; ** ih the virtue of Emilius was eminently feen, in " that his countenance and carriage were the iame " upon the lofs of two beloved tons, as when he had '^ achieved his- great eft victories and triumphs." How doth this example reproach ^nd fliame the weaknefs and inconflancy of Chriftians ! 7. The; okl. proverb, Mocking is catchhig, was re- markably exemplified in the great Mr. Boyle, who, when young, by imitating fluttering children, ac- quired himfclf a habit of fluttering, of which he was never after perfe6lly cured. 8. Lord Orrery (Dr. Bentley's antagonift) was fond of two forts of company. He cither improved him- felf by convcrfing with men of real genius and learning, or elfc diverted himfclf with thofe in whofe compofition there was a mixture of the odd and ridiculous : the foibles of fuch he would touch and play off with a delicacy and tenderness that prevented "any offence from being taken even by the parties themfelves, who enjoyed the humour, and joined in the laugh as heartily as the reft of the company. 9. The day after Charles V. (one of the wifeft as well as moft fortunate of princes) had religned ail his kingdoms to his fon Philip, he introduced, and recommended to his fervice, his fliithful eounfellor and fecretary, with thcfe remarkable words, *' The " prefent I make you to-day, is a far more valuable " one than that I made you yefter-day." 10. I i0 APPENDIX. 10. I dm ailiamcd to think, that a little bufinef^. arid few cares fliould indifpofc and hinder me in fny religious excrcifes, wheh I read, that Frederic king of Pruflia, at a time when all bis enemies were Tipdn him, and his affairs feemed abfolutcly defperatc, found leifurc to write a kind of philofbphical tcfta- ment in French verfe: Sec Age of Louis XV; ii* 213; 1 1 . Children fliould be itiarcd as early as poIHble io a6ls of charity and mercy. Conflantine, as foon as l:ii3 Ion could writCj employed Im hand in ligning pardons, and delighted in conveying through Iiis mouth all the favours that he granted r a noble in- trodLi6lion to fovercignty, which is inftituted for the bappinefs of mankind. ^Jortin's Remarks on Eccle- liaftical Hillory. 12. Cyrus had taken the wife of Tigranes, dnd alked him what he would give, to fave her from fervitude ? He replied, 2VII that he had in the world, and his own life into the bargain. Cyrus, u]:)onthis, very generoufly reftored her, and pardoned what had pafled. All were full of his praifcs upon this occafion, fome commending the accomplithmcnts of hismind^ others thofe of his perfon. Tigranes afkcd his wife* whether fhe did not greatly admire him ? I never- looked at him, faid ilie. Not look at him ! returned he ; upon whom then did you look ? Upon him, replied fhe, who offered his own life to redeem me from flavery. This charming example fhould be copied into our behaviour in the houfe of God ; where A p p E N D i :5^. 257 \vhei o we fliould behold and contemplate the" beau- ties pnd perfe^lions of that blefled perlbn alone, who adlually did give his life a ranfoni for Us. -^Xeiioph. Cyropcisd. iii. 14.7. 13, When Con ftall tine was iriftigated by his cour- tiers to make examples of the Arians, who had infulted his ftatucs, he fileilced them by raifmg his hand to his face, and faying, " For mine own part, I do not " feel myfelf hurt." 14. Would you fee huilriaii vanity and mifery at the higheft ? Behold the globe of the world carried in proccllion before the corpfe of the Emperor Charles VII. who, during the flidrt courfe of his wretched reign, could not keep pofleflidn df one fmall unfortunate province. i^. Viclor Amadcus, tired of bulincfsand of him- felf, capricioufly abdicating his crown, and a year afterwards as capricioufly repenting, and deliring to have it again, difplayed fully the weaknefs of hu- man nature, and how difficult it is to gratify th heart, cither w4th or' without a throne. 1 6. Claude Lorrain lludied his art in the open fields, where he frequently continued from the rifing to the fetting fun. He fketched whatever he thought beautiful or ftriking, and marked, in fiiiiilar colours, every curious tinge of light on all kinds of objects. Thcfe were afterwards improved into landfcapes, univerfally allowed to be fupcrior to thofe of all other artiits who iiave painted in the fame ityle. In R like 25? APPENDIX. Jike manner Shakfpeare and Ben Jonfon fravellcrf and aflociatcd with all, forts of people, to mark dif- ferent traits in the charav5lers and tempers of man - kind, which were afterwards worked up into their inimitable pla}'^. Every writer fliould follow thefe examples, and take down thoughts as they occur in reading or converfmg, to be ready, for ufe after- wards, when he fits down to compofe. 1 7. The late Duke of Grafton^ in hunting, was one day thrown into & diich j at the fiune inftant a horfc- man, calling out, "Lie ilill, my Lord !" leaped over las. Grace, and purfued his fport. When the Duke'sr attendants came up, he erKluired of them who that peifon was : and being told, it was a young curate in the neighbourhood, his Grace replied, " He fljall Iiiive the firft good living that falls ;. had he ftopped \o take care of me, I would never have given him arjy thing as long as he had lived." Of fo much Gonlequence it is to hit the particular turn of a patron, 18. To the Irafty corre6lors of the facred ic\i may be applied what an ingenious author has obfcn'cd, when fpeaking of the critics on cla/^cal wriitrs. t^.^lm learning of the ancients had been long ago " obliterated, had . every man thought himfelf at " liberty to corrupt the lines which he did not un- *' dcrftand/' Adventurer, xi. 189. No. 58. 19. Obfcurityot'exprciiion iselegantly called by Mrs. Montague, " that mijl common to the eve and morjr " of APPENDIX; 25^ " of literature/' (EfHiy on Shakfpeare, p. 286.) ** which in fa6t proves it is not at its high me* " ridian:" 20. Some make the clifcbarge of the Chriftian mi- niflry to confift in averting the rights of the church, and the dignity of their fundlion ; others, in a ftrenuous oppolition to the prevailing fed:anes, and a zealous attachment to the eftabliihed church government ; a third fort, in examining the fpecu- lative points and m.yltical parts of religion ; few, in the mean time, confidering either in what the true dignity of the minifterial chara6ler confifts ; Cir the only end for which church government was at all eftablifhed ; or the practical influence, which can alone make fpeculative points worth our at- tentionthe reformation of the lives of men, and the promotion of their truefl: happinefs here and hereafter. Gilpin's Life, p. 160. 21. It is obferved of King, bifhop of London iri 161 1, that he was fo cbnflant in preaching, after he was a bifliop, that he never milled a Sunday, when his health permitted. Biograph. Didl. from Fuller. 22. The morning after the mafTacre ofParisj when the ftrects were covered with the bodies of fla lightered tnen, women, and children, before they were thrown into the Seine, the Catholics bethought themfelves of a charitable dt\'\cQ, which was, to ftrip them naked, in order to diftribute their bloody clothes to the peer I Saint Foix, Hifloire de I'Ordre du S, Efprit. R 2< 23. To 26q a P P E N D I X. 23. To the foul confinetl in ibis mateml w<^rk^, but afpiring to another and abetter, apply .the follow- ing: linos : '& -Pent in his cage Th' imprilbn'd eagle fits, and beats his bars : His eye is railed to heav'n. Tho' many a moou Has feen him pine in fad captivity ' ^Still he thirds to dip His daring pinions in the fount of light. Poetical EpijJle to Jiifey^ ofi the Englijh Pcets. 24. In treating of the human mind, .and the ma- nagement of it, the two great fources of illuftratioik are agriculture and medicine.- Bacon's Advancement of Lenrning, vii. 3. Our Saviour therefore fo fre- quently applied to them (as the prophets had done before) for the illuftration of his doctrine. 25. Champagne, a celebrated painter, was given to nndcrfland, he might have any thing from .Cardinal Richelieu, if he v/ould leave the fervicer)f the^Qucen Mother " Why (faid he) if the .Cardinal could 'rVmakc me a better painter, the onjy thing I amarft- *^ bitious ot', it would be fomething ^ but fincethat " is impolTible, the only honour I beg of his Emi- ^-nency is the continuance of his good graces." ,16. It was a faying of Lord Clarendon's father, that he never knew a tnan arrive to any degree of reputation: in the world, who chofe for his friends and com- [lanions perlbns in their qualities inferior, or in their parts not much fupenor to himfelf. And Huetius, I think, fejls^u^ that as often ag he heard of any one - : of APPENDIX. 26r ?>f very eminent charatler in the republic of letters, he never refted, till, by foine means or other, he had obtained an introdu(9;ion to his acquaintance and ihis from his earlieft vouth. 27. It happened formerly that a Rotterdam produ* ced -an Erafmus. And it happened lately, as the Gene- ral Evening Poft (Mar. 14, 1771) informs us, that a goofe hatched four-and- twenty Canary birds. But theie are events that do not happen every day. 28. "My Lord," faid a prig of a Sheriff once to Judge Burnet, on the circuit, " there is a white bear in our " town; vourLordfhip, be fure, will go and fee him; "' fliall I have the honour to attend your Lordfhip?'* " Why," replied the Judge, " I am afraid it cannot " be : beeaufe, you know, Mr. Sheriff, the bear and " I both travel with trumpets ; and it has never yet " been fettled, which fliould make the firft vilit." 29. The fame per(bn:igc, when he was only plain Tom Burnet, took it into his head to write a pamphlet, which did fome execution, againft the miniftry. The great man complained to the Bifhop, who, fending for Tom " What, fays he, could induce you to do " fuch a thing? I make you a very handfomc allow- ' ance. You could not write it for bread." " No, *' fir," faid Tom. " What did you write it for then, " firrah ?" " For drink, fir." 30. When the Mexican Emperor Gatimozin was put upon the rack by the foldiers of Cortes, one of his nobles, who lay in tortures at the iame time, vomplained piteoufly to his fovereign of the pain he en- R 3 dured. a62 A P P E N D I X. dured. " Do you think, faid Gatimozin, that I He upon *^ rofes ?" The nobleman ceafed moaning, and expired infilence. When aChriflian thinks his fuffcrings for fin, in licknefs, pain, &c. intolerable, let him remem- ber thofe oihh Lord, endured patiently on that bed of forrow, the crofs ; and he will think {'^i no longer. When Gatimozin, juft taken, was brought into the prefcnce of Cortes, he (Cortes) gaveftricft orders that the Mexican noblemen taken with the Emperor fhould be fecured, and ftridlly looked to, left they fhould efcape. " Your care, faid Gatimozin, is needlefs ; " they will not fly ; they are come to die at the feet " of their fovereign !" Such fhould be the difpofition and refolution of the difciplesand foldiers of Chrift. 3 1 . Little circumftances convey the moft chara6i'eT- iftic ideas ; but the choice of them may as often paint the genius of the writer, as of the perfon repre- fcnted. ^Well exemplified in the inftance of the Duchefs of Marlborough. See |loyal and Noble Authors, vol. ii. 200. 32. Infcription (not perfectly Auguftan) on the Earl of Shrewlbury's fword; Sum Talbot i, pro occidere inimi- cos I am Taibof s, for to flay his foes. 2,^. W^raxall, fpcakingof a cathedral, or abbey, in Livonia, demolifhed by the Ruffians, exprefles him- felf thus " Foftcrity will fee the flandard wave " where the crucifix has ftood, and the matin bell *' will bcfucceeded by the trunfipet." P. 278. 34. In former times, when Lord Keeper North applied clofe to his ftudies, and fpe^t his days in his phambep; APPENDIX. 263 chamber, he was fubjcdl to the fpleen, and ap- prchenfive of many imaginary difeafes ; and by way of prevention, he went thick-clad, wore leather Iknll-caps, and inclined much to phyfic. But now, when he was made attorney-general, and bufinefs flowed in upon him, his complaints vaniQied, and liis fkull-caps were deftincd to lie in a drawer, and receive his money. Life of Lord Keeper North. 35. As men are preferred, their zeal and diligence often remit, infteadof increafing. Urban III. thus in- scribed a letter to Archbifliop Baldwin '* Monacho ferventiJJImo, Abbati ealido, Epifcopo tepdo^ Archie- pifcopo re7niJfoy Moll; fervent as a Monk, warm as an Abbot, lukewarm as a Bifliop, cold as an Arch- bifliop. Life of Baldwin in Biog. Britan. 36. To injiru^^ and to govern^ are two things ; and a man may do the former well, who does the latter very indifferently. It is part of Dr. Allefliry's character, as drawn in his epitaph, " Epifcopales infulas eadem *^ induftrig. evitavit, qua alii ambiunt ; cui re6tius ^ vifum ecclefiam defetuiere, itijini^re, ornare, quam " regere^ ^He fliunncd the mitre as induftrioufly as others fcek it ; he chofe rather to defend, edify and adorn, than govern the Church. Biog. Brit. 37. Bifhop Andrews, when a lad at" the XTnivei-fity, ufed every year to vifit his friends in London, and to {lay a month with them. During that month, he conftantly made it a rule to learn, by the help of a mailer, fome language, orart,.to which he was before a ftranger. No time was lofl, 11.4 When ?64 A P P E N D I X, When the lame eminent perfon firll became Bifhc/p of Winton, a diflant relation, a blackfmith, applied to him, to be made a gentleman, i. c. to be ordained, and provided with a good benefiee. No, faid the ^ifliop, you fliall have the ht^ forge in the county ; \i\xi every 7n(in m Ms oivn order and Jtation. 38. It was a good rule of Dr. Hammond's, always to have a fubje6t in hand; in which cafe he obfervcd, that, whatever courfe of reading he happened to be in, he never failed of meeting with fom^thing to hia purpofe. For this reafon, no fooner had he finifhcd one (ermon, or tra(5l, but he immediately put an- other upon the ftocks. Thus he was never idle, and all his ftudies turned to prefent account. He never walked out alone without a book, aqd one always lay open in his chamber, from which his fervant read, while he drcflcd or undrefled himfelf His Life by fell, though written in a ftyle far from clear and agreeably, is one of the ipoft improving books I ever read. 39. Jordano (Luca) the painter was fo engaged in his bulinefs, that he worked at it even on holidays. Be- ing reproached for this by a brother artitt " Why,'* faid he, '"^ if I was to let my pencils reft, they woulc^ *^ grow rebellious, and I fhould not be able to bring *^ thc^u to order, without trampling on them.." This, man had fo happy a memory, that he rccolledted the manner of all the great mafters, and had the art 0/ imitating them fo well, as to occalion frequent jnifiakes. 6 40. Grove, APPENDIX. 255 40. Grove, the Prefbyterian, publiOied in 1728 a funeral fermon on the Fear of Death. The fubject was treated in (o maftcrly a manner, that a perfon of confiderable rank in the learned world declared, that, after reading it, he could have laid down and died, with as much readinefs and fatisfadlion, as he had ever done any thing in his life. Biog. Di6l- art. Grove,-rrThe. fermon muft have been a good one to have wrought fuch a perfuafion ; but how the per- fuafion would have kept its ground, had the perfon been taken at his word, and ordered to prepare for inftant death, is another queftion. 41. Remarkable is the following paflage of Jofe- phus, relative to the wickednefs of his countrymen be- fore Jerufalcm was befieged by the Romans " That " time abounded with all manner of iniquity, fo that ^^ none was left undone. Yea, though one en- *' deavoured to invent ibme new villany, yet could ^' he invent none that was not then pradtifed." 42. Sauveur, the French mathematician, when he was about to court his mitlrefs, would not fee her, till he .had been with a notary, to have the conditions t)|) which he intended to inlift reduced into a written form ; for fear the light of her fbould not leave him enough mailer of himfclf. Like a true mathema^. tician, he proceeded by rule and line, and made his calculations when his head was cool. 43 . Alexander fent Phocion 1 00 talents. ^^ Why to "me, more than others r" " Becaufc he looks upon *' you as the only juft and virtuous man." " Then <' let 266 APPENDIX. " let him fuffer me to continue fo." Philip before had offered him a large fiim. He was prefTcd to take it, if not for himfelf, yet for his children. '^ If my *' children," cried Phocion, " refemble me, the little " fpot of ground with the produce of which I have *' hitherto lived, and^ which has raifed me to the '^ glory you mention, will be fufficient to maintain " them. If it will not, I do not intend to leave '' them wealth, merely to ftimulate and heighten '' their luxury/' CHARITY. 1 . In- the world, no man liveth or worketh for him- felf alone, but every tradefman, mechanic, hufband- man, &c. contributetb his labour and his ikill towards fupplying the different exigencies of the public, and rendering fociety comfortable. So ought it to be among Chriltians in the church, which is a body compofed of many members, and requireth that each jnember fhould perform its proper office for the be- nefit of the whole. 2. Among the ancient Romans there was a law kept inviolably, that no man fhould make a public fcafl, except he had before provided for all the poor of his neighbourhood. So the Gofpcl Thou, ivhen iioii mahjl a feafl, call the poor, &c. See Rule of Life, 1 66. \-^ 3-.- Let him, who has not leifure or ability to penetrate the myfleries of the SS. take comfort in this faying of Anftin: 111 e tenet ct quod patet et quod latef in ^ dh'inis APPENDIX. ii6f ^Ivln'is fermojilhus, qui charltatem tenet in vionhns' He is mailer of all that is plain, and all that is myfte- rious in the Scriptures, who is pollelt of the virtue pf charity. 4. The end o{ kriowUdge is charity,ov the commu- nication of it for the benefit of ofhers. This tmth jnay bp finely illuftrated by a paflagc in Milton,- P. L, viii. 90 & feq. Confider firfl, that great Or bright infers not excellence : the earth. Though, in comparifonof heav'n, fo fmall. Nor gUR'ring, may of folid good contain More plenty than the fun that barren fliines j Whoje 'Virtue on itfelfnvorhs no effect ^ But in the fruitful earth ; there firfl received Jiis beams f unaBive elfe, their vigour find. 5. It is very remarkable, that Cheftcrfield, that man of the world, that man of pleafure, places charity to the dlftrefled at the head of rational pleafures. See the letter on expcnces, vol. ii. 800. 6. There is no ftate of life which does not furnifh employment for care and induftry : the mean mud ferve the great out of neceffity ; and the great are (equally bound to ferve the mean out of juftice and pharity. Hcylyn, ii. 32,5. 7. At man's firfl creation, charity was the divine principle implanted in his heart by his Maker. The adverfary, by temptation, difplaced it, and left felf- love in its ropui, which was cherifhed by man, to the 26S APPENDIX. the deftruction of hnnfelf and his polterlty. llius a certain niifchievous bird repairs ta the ncft of one that is harmlef^^, and having devoured the eggs ot the little innocent owner, lays one of her own iri' their place : this the fond foolifh bird hatches with gi'cat afRduity, and, wh.en excluded, finds no ditfer- ence in the great ill-looking changeling from her own. To fupply this voracious creature, the credulous nurfe toils with unufual labour, no way fenlible that ihe is feeding an enemy to her race, and one of the mofl dcftru6live robbers of her future progeny. Sec Goldfmith, v. 264. S, It is not eafy to conceive, how much lin and fcan- dal is occafioned by a fevere quarrdfome temper in the difciples of Chrifl:. It flirs up the corruptions of thole with whom they contend ; and leads others to think meanly of a profeffion which has fo little efficacy to foften and fwceten the tempers of thofc who maintain it. Doddridge, F. E. ii. 186. 9. Bees never w'ork fingle, but always in companies, that they may afiift each other. An ufeful hint to fcholars and Chriftians, lOr An abbe, remarkable for his parfimony, happen- ed to be in company where a charitable fubfcription was going round. The plate was brought to him, and. be contributed his Iguis-d'or. The collc^or, not pbfcrving it, came to him a fccond time. I have put hzy faid he. lf^ouJay'Jo^\ w}ll heJieve you, returned, the cpIkt^tPr^i/M-ig^iy -S^/^'^.J^^ iLrrldid J'ccAt,. ci'ic'i APPENDIX. 2G9 cried old- Fontenelfc, who was prcient, hut did not heVieve if. II. Tliere arc many deceptions concerning charity. 1. It may be practifed on fiihe motives, intereft, ciiitom, icar, fhamc, vanitv, popularity, &c. 1. It is amillrake to imagine it will atone for a want of other virtues, or for a life of vice and diffipation. See Dupre, lerm. iii. Crit. Review, April 1782, p. 260. Mr. Law's character of Ncgotius. Voltaire fays, " the effect is the fame whatever be the motive." But furely the ^^orth of every a6iion mui1 be eltimated by the ^/zo/zV^- on which it is performed. He who attends me when I am fick, with a viev/ to the making of my will, m\i\ getting my eftate, is a very different man from Jiini who does it only bccaufe he loves me. Yet the "rffedl may be the fame : I may be equally taken care of in cither cafe. We are to be judged by one who knows the thoughts of our hearts, and will judge us iiccordingly. - Charity made confiflcnt with vice Brown's Sermons, 278. See Charity well de- frribed under the idea of Gemrofifyy Fitzofborncs liCttcrs, 123. 12. Micklc, \\\>z tranflator of the Lufiad, inferted In his poena an angry note againll Garrick, who, as he thought, had ufed him ill, bv rejecting a tragedy of his. Some time atterward, the poet, who had never fcen Garrick play, was afked by a friend in town to go to King Lear. He went, and, during the firit three adls, faid not a word. In a fine paflage of the fourth, he fetched a deep iigh, and, turning to his , fficnd. ijo A P P E N D i X:. friend, " I wifh," laid he, " the noie was out otmf *' book r* ^How often, alas, do we fay and write bit- ter things of a man, on a partial and intereiled X'iew of his charadler, which, if we knew it throughout, we {hould wifh unfaid or unwritten I THE CHIEF JUSTICE AND THE SHARK. " What fifli is that ?" faid Sir Elijah Impcy to tht failors, who had caught a fhark. " An pleafe your " honour,'* anfwered one of them, *' we call it ^ *^ fea-Iazzyer,''* CHINESE. 1. It is an odd cireumftance, that wheft a itlah dies, among the Chinefe, the relations and friends wait three days, to fee whether he wiii rife again, before they put the corpfe into the coffin. Voyages and Travels, iv. 92, from Navarette. We are told, fl^oni "the fame author, that many in that country, in their life-time, get their coffin made-, and give a treat to their acquaintance on the day it comes home. It is cuftomary for the Emperor, in particular, to have Iiis coffin fome time with him in the palace. Many keep it in fight for feveral yearSj and now and then go into it. Ibid. 2. It fhould be in an Univcrfity, as in the empire of China, where *' no hulbandman is ever idle, and *' no land ever lies fuHmv." ibid. 121.- 3. Accomplifhments of every kind are acquired and preferved APPENDIX. 271 preferved by ufe and pra6lice ; and the fcholar and Chriflian would do well to reflect upon a piece o{ difcipline in the Chinefe armies, by which a foldicr who fufFers his arms to contrail the leail ru^ is piinithed on the fpot with thirty or forty blows of the batoon. Ibid. 286, from Le Compte, and Duhalde 313,261. Sulco zttrhus /^lendefcere vomer. Georg. i. 46^ Worn in the furrow fbines the burnifh'd fhare. Dryden. 4. In China, the afpirants, in the literary way, artf examined by the eminent men, for their degreed. The Emperor Kang Hi, finding matters did not go on as they (hould do, took it into his head, one day, to examine the examiners, and fent feveral of the old Dons packing into the provinces, for infufficiency, ** The dread of fuch another examination," fays our author, " keeps thofe chiefs of the Uterati clofe to their fludies." CHRISTIANITY. 1 . With difficulty men are induced to give up their favourite opinions : flill harder is the tafk to draw them from their favourite vices. Could a relicrion be Jcfs than divine, which caufed the Heathen world io quit both ? 2. " Religion," fay fome, " was invented by priefts ** and politicians, to keep the world in ordei*." It i^ a good Sl^^ APPENDIX; a good thing-, then, for that purpofc at Icafl. But the misfortune is, none of the fuppofed impctflors of this kind have ever been named, who hved till afier the general pHnciples of rehgion were found diffemi- nated among mankind, as the learned StiUingflect ihews at large (Orig. Sac. b. i. chap, i.) even from the teftimonies of the Egyptians and Greeks them^ felves. 3. The difTcrenccs among Chriilians, about lefier matters, prove the truth of thofe great and funda* mental points in which they all agree. 4. The little effect which Chriflianity hathon the lives of its profeflbrs is frequently made an argument againft it. So with regard to philofophy, the fam6 objection is thus put and anfwered in Cicero's Tufci. Qued. lib. ii. feci. 5. A, Nonne 'Vetendum efi igiticf, ne. ^hilofophiam falfd gloria exornes ? ^wd eft enhn majus argiinmitum, nihd earn p'odeffe, quam quojdam. ^erfe^os fh'ilojophos tiirf'iter iHvere? M. Nullum vero id auuhm argumentum eft. Nam ut agrl non omiies frugifcri fufit qui colnntur^ ftc anlmi -non omnes culti frulum ferunt. At que ut agcr qua??ivis fertilis Jina culturd fruduofus ejje non potcfl, fie fine doBrina ani^ mus- : it a eft utraque res fine alt era- dehdis. Sec Lac- tant. De falf. Sap. vol. iv. 226. A. Is it not then to be feared, that you afcribe to philofophy a glory that does not belong to it ? For what can afford a ftronger argument of its inefficacy, than tlie vicious lives of fome of its moft learned pro- feflbrs ? M. That argument is not conchifivc. For as APPENDIX. i73 as agriculture cannot render all foils fruitful, fo nei- ther arc all minds equally improved by inilruclion. Yet neither can any foil, nor any mind, bring forth good fruits by the unaffifted force of its natural fer- tility but both muft remain unprodudive without the aid of cultivation. 5. In Cbriftantinoplebehdldthe judgments of God' on apoftates from true religion, and corrupters of it : fee Jews and Chriftians perpetrating on each other the moft enormous villanies, as the price of obtaining the fjivoui* of the Tilrks ! At the fame time behold the Greek prelates, even while groaning under the yoke of the oppretlbr, employing their time, their w^ealth, and their intereft, in over-reaching aiid fup- planting each other for a metropolitan fee, or a pa- triarchate, at the court of that oppreflbr ! 6. Chriftianity has^ in every age, produced good ef- fe6ls on thoufands and tens of thoufands, whofe lives are not recorded in eccleliaitical hiitory ; which, like other hiftory, is for the moft part a regifler of the vices, the follies, and the quarrels of thofe who made a figure and a noife in the world. Socrates, in the clofe of his work, obferves, that, if men were honeft and peaceable, hiftorians would be undone for want of materials. Jortin's Remarks^ b. ii. ad fin. 7. Theft was unknown among the Caribbces, till Europeans came among them. When they loll any thing, they faid innocently " The Chriftians have ** been here." S CHURCH. 274: A ? p E N c I x:. CHURCH. 1 . 'Tnt enemies of the Church are encouraged to proceed in their attacks, by the timidity of hfer fi'icnds ; as Lyfander, at the fiege of Corinth, bade his men be of good courage, when he favv a hare run along upon the walls. 2. Learned and good men are often deterred from engaging tl>e adverfaries of religion, more through fear of their ribaldry than their arguments ; as An- tipater's cle])hants, which beheld the apparatus of war unmoved, ran away at the granting of the Me- garen-fian hogs. 3^ To admit all the jarring fe<5ls and opinions into the church by a comprehenfwn, w^ould be, as one well obferves, to jumble together an indigefted heap of contrarieties into the fame mafs, and to make the old chaos the plan of a yiC'W reformation. 4. Thofe clergymen, who betray the caufe of their mailer, iu order to be promoted in his church, are guilty of the worli kind o{ f.mony^ and pay their fouls for the purehafe of their preferments. 5. Herefies fcem, like comets, to have their pe- riodical returns. 6. Some think variety of religions as pleafing to God as variety of flowers. Now there can be but one religion which is true ; and the QfO era, TOtrrwv x^rj ffav a long time, could not help crying out, in admira- tion of him, the VJonder-worVing mani 5. Indulgence, when fliewn in too great a degree bv parents to children, generally meets with a bad re- turn. It feems to awaken a ftrangc malignity in human nature tow^ards thofe who have thus dtj- played an injudicious fondnefs. Children delight in vexing fuch parents. There may be two reafons I. It makes them feel foolifh, to be fo cockered ixndi teafed with kindnefs. 2. It difcovers a wcakncfs, over which they can infult and triumph- Bat what- ever may be the caufe, it furniihes an argument to parents, why they fhould never praclife this beha- viour towards their children. (The late miferies of France arofc under the government of a kind and indulgent monarch.) 6. We $34 APPENDIX. 6. Wc arc all in a itate of education for the king- dom of heaven, in fiatu ^ujyillari, upon earth : the education of our immortal fpirits is our fole bulinefs. For this we are formed in the womb, and pafs through the feveral llages of infancy, youth, and manhood. .Studies of the fchool fit us for manhood; fo man- hood, and the feveral occupations confequent upon it, is a flate of preparation for fomething elfe. Faith and pratlice are the end of wifdom and knowledge, and prepare us for the converfation, fociety and intercourfe of angels, as wifdom and knowledge prepare us for the converfation of men. 7. Milton's plan of education has more of fhew than value. He does not recommend thofe ftudies to boys, which, as Cicero fays, adolejcent'iam alujit . Inftead of laying a ftrefs on fuch authors as open and enlarge a young underftanding, he prefcribes an early acquaintance with geomctiy and phyfics : but thefe will teach no generous- fentiments, nor incul- cate fuch knowledge as is of ufe at all times and on all occafions. Mathematics and aflronomy do not enter into the proper improvement and ge- neral bulinefs of the mind fuch fciences do not apply to the manners, nor operate upon the clia- racler. They are extraneous and technical. They are ufeful ; but ufeful as the knovv ledge of his art is to the artificer. An excellent writer ob- fervcs, we are perpetually moralifts, but we are geometricians only by chance. Our intercourfe with intellcdual nature is neceflary ; our fpecula- tions APPENDIX- 30s lions upon matter are voluntary and at leilure. Phylical knowledge is of fuch rare emergence, that one man niay know another half his life, without beins: aly'e to etlimate his Ikill in hydroftatics or aftronomy- but his moral and prudential cbaracler immediately appears. Thofe authors therefore are to be read at fchools, that fupply Kioft axioms of prudence, moft principles of moral truth, and moft materials for convei'fation ; and thefe purpofes are befl ferved by poets, orators, and hiftorians, (Wharton, 117.) Milton afterwards reafoned better jon this fotge<9:, P. L. viii. 191. EIDER. Tiiis is a bir a place where if a man fays a word he is hanged.'* EUR I- APPENDIX. 39 EURIPIDES. Many of the Athenians, during their captivity at Syracufe, owed the good ufage they met with to the fcenes of Euripides, which they repeated to their captors, who were extremely fond of them. On their return, they went and faluted that poet as their de- liverer, and informed him of the admirable efFeds wrought in their favour by his verfes. Scarce any circumftance could be more pleaiing and flattering than this teftimony. EXERCISE. The moft common caufe of fatnefs is too great a quantity of food, and too fmall a quantity of motion ; in plain Englifh, gluttony and lazinefs. I am of opinion, that fpare diet and labour will keep conftitutions, where this difpofltion is ftrongeft, from being fat. You may fee in an army forty thoufand foot foldiers, without a fat man amongft them : and I dare affirm, that by plenty and reft tv/enty of the forty (hall grow fat. Arbuthnot. FACTION. While a fadtion entertain their old principles, it is folly to fuppofe they will not, when opportunity ferves, return to their old pra(5lices. ^uero^ quid faiun fuiffetis f ^an(juam quid faduri fueriiis non U 3 dub'item^ 510 APP^NDI2S. duhitem, cum videam quid feceritis, Cic. pro LigariO, The fine lady will be the cat flie was, when a moufe runs befove her. FAltR I. In the affairs of this world, as hiifbandry, trade, &c. men know little and believe much. In the affairs of another world, they would know every thing, and beheve nothing. \ a. If we are rationally led, upon elear principles' and good evidence, to believe a point, it is no objection that the point is myftcrious and difficult to be ac- counted for. A man in his fcnfcs will not deny the phenomenon of the harvell moon, becaufe he can- jiot foJve it. 3. When the Jews attribute the miracles of our Saviour to the power of magic, they prove the fa6ts, without difproving the caufe to which we aferibe them. 4. Enthufiails require aflurancc, and philofophers will be content with nothing lefs than demonji ration. But how is it in the affairs of common life ? The fol- dier does not afk a demonflration, whether, in the dav ofbattlc, he fliall be crowned with vidlory, or covered with difgrace ; but, fearing the worit, and hoping the beft, he minds his duty : the merchant does not v/ant a demonltration concerning the returns of his trade : the hufbandman cannot promife himfelf a plentiful crop, proportioned to his labour and in-. . . duflrv- A I ^ E N D I X. 3ii ^uftry. No man can afllire himfelf that he fhall fee another day : but every one minds his bufinefs as if he knew for certain that he fhould : and he would be thought a downright madman that adled othenvife. 5. Faith is reckoned for a virtue, and rewarded as fuch, becaufe, though it be an aflent of the under- Handing upon proper evidence, the will hath a great Ihare in facilitating or withholding fuch aflent. For the ftrongeft evidence will be nothing to him who does not enquire diligently after it, judge honeftly and impartially of it without paffion or prejudice, and frequently confider and reflect upon it from time to time through life, that it may produce its fruits, and be a principle of a6lion. Thefe are a6ts of the will, in a man's power to perform or not to perform, and therefore rewardable. On the per- formance or non-peiformancc of thcfe, not on the evidence, which is always the fame, it depends, whe- ther a man fliall believe, or not : and here we mufl: look for the true reafons why one man is a Chrifl:ian^ and another an Infldel. 6. Rational evidence may fatisfy men's minds of the truth of a doctrine, but it is grace which mufl. bring them to obey and adhere to it, by convincing them of its excellence, by fabduing the deflres and afledlions that militate againft it, and fo improving an htftor'ical into a fav'mg faith. 7. " Experience (faith Mr. Hume) is our only guide U 4 " ia Ztt APiFENDir. *f in matters of fad?" Doth he mean our own' experi- cncfe, or that of others ? If our own, we are to believe nothing but what we ourfclves have feen parallel in- fiances of; if that of others^ we depend for that upon teJi'imon\\ which alone informs US;^ there h^ Been in' paft ages an eflablifhed ordier and courfe of nature, and at certain times a violation or fuf- penfion of them. 8. There arc many people who cannot fee ; there are more, perhaps, who will not. It is remarked of the elder Scaligcr, that, in* his confutation of Gardan, he would not read the feeond edition of the booE de Suhillitaie, in which were made a great num- ber of corrections, left he fliould be deprived of ra^ny occafions of triumphing over his adverfary. Gen. DiCt. Scaliger. See another inftancein JoncsV Effay, p. 191. 9. Infidelity is ollen puniilied with credulity. The prediction' of a mad life-guard-m^ra was attended to in- London by tI>ofe who never heeded the pro- phecies of Ilaiah, or Jeren>iah ; and an impudent moimtebank fold a large cargo of pills, which, as he told the people, v/ere excellent agawjl earthquakes. 10. The deift will" not believe in Revelation till every difficulty can be folved. The atheift will not believe in the being of a God, but upon the fame terms. They mult both die in their unbelief They fliould believe upon fufficient evidence, and trufi God for the red. The atheifl e. /; cannot recon- '3 die APPENDIX. 313 cile the notion of a God with the exiftence of evil. But there is fufficient evidence for the exiflence of both. Here let us reft: God has his reafons for pernntting evil, or he would not have permitted it. If he has been pleafed to difcover them in his word, or if we can difcover them by a view of things, well : if not, ftillj reafons there arc ; and what we cannot know now, we fhall know hereafter. I i . No child can overfliadow a true Chrifi:ian, but his faith will difcern a ra'mhoijo in it. 12. Firft Tim. iv, 6. NouriJIjed up in the words of faith. " It is one thing fbi' a man to enlighten his underftanding, toiillhis imagination, and to load his memory ; and another to nour'ij}? his heart with it. A man noiir'ijkes himfelf with it, if he lives upon it ; and he lives upon it, if he changes it into his own fubftance, if he praclife it himfelf, if he render it proper and familiar unto himfelf, fo as to make if the food and noiir'ijhment with which he ought to- feed others." Quefnel, in loc. FALSE LEARNING. 1. Some people rate the modern improvements m religious knowledge by the volumes of metaphylicar fubtiltics written upon the fubje(5l ; as the Emperor Heliogabalus formed an eftimate of the greatnefs of Home, from ten thoufand pound weight of cobwebs which had been found in that city. Two tH A P P E N D t X a. Two learned phyficians and a plain honefl coiitt* tryman, happening to meet at an inn, fat down to din-^ ner together. A difpute prefently arofe between the two dodlors, oh the nature of aliment, which proceed'* ed to fuch a height, and was carried on with fo much fury, that it fpoilcd their meal, and they parted ex- tremely indifpofed. The countryman, in the mean time, who underflood not the caufe, though he heard the quarrel, fell heartily to his meat, gave God thanks, digelled it well, returned in the ilrength of it to his honcft labour, and at evening received his wages. Is there not fometimes as much difference between the polemical and practical Chriftian ? 3. Ariilotle, in his Metaphyfics, difputcs againfl: certain philofophers, who, it feems, held, that a thing might he, and not he, at the fame time. 4. Many parts of what is called learning refcmble the man's horfc, which had but two faults ; he was hard to catch, and good for nothing when he was caught. See Warton's Preface to Theocritus, p. 1 7. Fools Ihall be puU'd From wifdom's feat ; thofe baleful unclean birds, 1 hofe lazy owls, who, perch'd near fortune's top. Sit only watchful with their heavy wings To cufF down ncw-fledg'd virtues, that would rife To nobler heights, and make the grove harmonious. Pierre, of lazy Senatcrsy in Venice Prefer ved. 5. The fcience called Metaphyfics feems never to have been of fenice to true religion, but only to have obfcured A P P E 1^ D i X. 31$ -obfcurcd and darkened its truths, which, under that cover, have often been ftolen away by its enemies. May it not be compared to the mtft, ov fog, defcribed by Homer, as fpread on the tops of the hills Tioinzviv an ^j?.w, zt^zittv Se ts vvxto^ afitivv. II. y. 11. Swift-gliding mifts the duflcy fields invade, To thieves more grateful than the midnight fhade. Popl's H- b iii. v. 17, 6. Superftition often leads to Athcifm. Many Turks arc Epicureans ; and in countries where Popery pre- vails, the ph'ilofophers, as they affect to call themfelvcs, are running apace into Materialifm. When a man lias been cheated by a rogue pretending to honelly, he is apt too haftily to conclude, there is no fuch thing as honefty in the world. 7. Magic was originally nothing more than the ap- plication of natural philoibphy to the production of furprifing but yet natural effects. Chemifts had opportunities of being beft acquainted with the ele- ments and their operations, and were the grcatcft magicians, and reputed conjurers. 8. Sir Henry Wotton ordered the following iu- fcription to be put on his monument Difpiitattdi pruritus ecclcfmrtim fcabies. The itch of difputation is the bane of the church. 9. The fame pcrfon being afked, if he thoughts Papift could be faved ? " You may be faved/* replied he. 3t6 A P P E N D t X. he, " without knowing that." An excellent anl\ver to the queftions of impertinent curiofity in religious matters* 10. Many perfons fpend fomuch time in criticizing and difputing about the Gofpel, that they have none left for praiftifing it. As if two fick men fhould quarrel about the phrafeology of their phylician's prefcription, and forget to take the medicine. 11. " Geo. Trapezuntius had a good portion )f the fpirit which prevailed among the learned of his times; proud, conceited, dogmatical, impatient of contra- diclion, and quarrelfome, he contributed, as much as any one, to falfify the maxim of Ovid higemias d'ldic'ijfe, &:c." Biog. Di<5l. See inftance of Laurcn- tius Valle, Valefius, Scioppius, Scaliger, Cardan, and others. 12. Never (fliy the moderns) were the S S. fo much ftudied, and fo thoroughly explained, as at prefent. So, probably, faid the Pharifees, and dodtors of the law, when they crucified Chrift. Refined criticifms on the facred writings made the moft fafliionable branch of learning among the Jews, in comparifon of which, profane literature was held in great con- tempt, and indeed, by many of their zealots, in great abhorrence. See Jofeph. Antiq. lib. xx. cap. ult. ult. Doddridge i. 317. Our Lord " received not glory from men ;" he never foothed the vanity of great and learned men, in order to obtain their favour. The Jews Jearched the SS. but it was in order to find in them their own fond fancies conccrninsT APPENDIX. 317 concerning temporal greatnefs, wealth and domi-' nion. 13. Apply to the contrail between the falutary doc- trines and beautiful imagery of Scripture on the one hand, and the noxious tenets and barren fpeculations of metaphyfical fcepticifm on the other, the following lines of Collins in his Oriental Eclogues' Here, where no fprings in murmurs break away. Or mofs-crown'd fountains mitigate the day, In vain ye hope the dear delights to know, Which plains more bleft, or verdant vales bellow j Here rocks alone, and taftelefs fands are found, And faint and fickly winds for ever howl ai'ound. Eel. ii. Hatlan's addrcfs to his camels travelling through the burning deferts of the Eaft. 14. Apply to the cafe of a Chriflian what Pacatius fays of Theodofius,and the treatment he received from Fortune Quemfceptro ^i folio de/t'maverat, nunquam in- dulgent er habuit : fed ut fe-veri patres his qiios ddigunt tri/liores funt, it a ilia te plurimis et difficiilimis reipuh- lica temporihus exercuit, diim aptat imperio. Fortune did not treat with kindnefs the man whom fhe had deilined for the fceptre and the throne: but as fevere parents are mofi: harfh to the children whom mofl they love, fo Ihe prepared him for empire by the trials which flie obliged him to fuftain in the moll difficult fcafon of the republic. 15. Saurin, after mentioning fomeinfignificantcriti- cifm upon which the commentators enlarge, makes the fpllowing very pertinent obfervation " Such is the <' fpirit 3i5 APPENDIX. <' fpj'rit of mankind, that they often confidcr flightly *' thofe great truths of the SS. upon whicii our whole *' religion is founded, expatiating into difcuffions *^ upon matters of no relation cither to our duty or *' our happinefs." Difl'. xxi. p. i8i. So again * It is ajnazing to find learned men, who would blufh " to employ but a fpw minutes in (ludying the or- " naments that are moft in fafliion in their own time, " and who have yet the patience to devour immenfe " volumes, tp learn with great exaclnefs thofp of the " reiiiotefl age," xx. 194. SceLa\y's Chriil, Perfecl. on this fubje6l. Sec Saurin, 504. 16. Metaphyfical fpccnlations are lofty, but frigid ; as Limardi, after afcendigg tp an immenfe height in thp atmofphere, came down covered with icjcles. 17. Many fine books pf religion and iporality ^re already written. We are eager fo^ more. But if we 4tily attended to the Gofpel, fhould we want them ? A finglc fliort direction from God himfelf is au^ thoritative and decifive. A text would fave us the trouble of reading many difl!ertations ; and the time which we thus fpend in learning or rather, perhaps, p-e tending to learn, our duty, might hefpent 'inp-a6lifin^ it. FAME. Places in the Temple of Fame are a tenure, againrt: which, of all others, quo warrantos are fure to be iilucd, FLOWERS A P P E N D I :^. 319 FLOWERS PROSCRIBED. When the Dutch patriots were rampant in 1787, Jloivers of an orange coloar were profcribcd ; and the officers of juftice were for fome time employed in re- moving anemones and ranuncultifcs from the Hague, Their refloration was foon after efFedted by the Pruffian troops, See Bowdler's Letters, p. 43. FORTITUDE. I. Frederic the famous Duke of Saxony was playing at chefs in his tent with his coulin and fellow- prifoner the Landgrave of Lithcnberg, when a writ was brought him, figned by the Emperor, for his ex- ecution the next morning, in the light of his wife and children, and the whole city of Wittemberg. Having carefully pcrufed it, he laid it down as a paper of no concern, and faying to the Landgrave, " Coulin, take good heed to your game," returned to his play, and gave him a check-mate. a. It is a noble chara<5ler which Afcham gives of the above mentioned Duke " He thinketh no- " thing which he dare not fpeak, and fpeaketh no- *^ thing which he will not do." 3. Polybius relates, that when the battle was be- gun, which was to decide the fate of the Macedonian empire, Perfeus bafely withdrew to the city Pydne, imder pretence of facrificing to Hercules; '^ a god," fays Plutarcbj " that is not wont to regard the of- * " fcrings 320 APPENDIX. " ferings of cowards, or grant fuch requclls as arc " unjuft ; it not being rcafonable, that he, who never *' ihoots, Ihoiild carry away the prize ; that he fhouM " triumph, who fneaks from the battle; or he who *' takes no pains, fhould meet with fiiccefs. To *' Emilius's petition the god Hftened ; for he prayed ^* for victory with his fword in his hand, and was ** fighting at the fame time that he implored the divine ^' afliitance." An excellent hint for the Chriftian foldier to obferve, and improve upon. 4. " To ftand in fear of the people's ccnfure or *' common talk, may argue a harmlefs and peaceable " mind, but never a brave and truly heroic foul.** Plutarch, 94. 5. The body's wcaknefs often proves to be the fouFs ftrength, and men are better Chriftians in ficknefs than in health : like the ibldier in Antigonus's army,, who, being naturally weak and fickly, was a very hero, till, out of regard for him, the king put him under the care of his phyficians, who made a cure of him; after which, he never appeared fo fond of dan- ger, or daring m battle, being delivered from that mifery which make life a burden, Plut. m Vit. Pel op. 6. A general in time of peace, a pilot in a calm, and a clergyman when people are in health, are of very Jittle account. War, ftorm, and ficknefs caufc them all to be fought to and confided in. 7. A Chriftian is a warrior by his profeflion, and has, through life, a fucceflion of enemies to encounter. APPENDIX. 321 Luft attacks him in the days of his youth, ambition difquiets his riper years, and avarice infefts his old age. His condition reminds one of that obfervation of Plutarch concerning the Romans of the firfi: ageg, that " if ever God defigned that men fhould fpend *' their lives in war, they were the men. In their "infancy they had the Carthaginians to contend " with for Sicily ; in their middle age the Gauls for *' Italy itfelf ; and in their old age they were obliged " again to contend with the Carthaginians and Han- " nibal." Vit. Marcell. ad init. 8. When a Chrillian beholds ficknefs (his laft more efpecially) coming towards him, he fhould addrefs it, as St. Andrew did the Crofs, as that which he had long expelled, and which would convey him to his blefled Mafter, by whofe fufferings it had been fanc- tified. Let us alfo bear in mind, that even on the crofs St. Andrew ceafed not to inltru61: and admonifh thofe around him. The words of a preacher, in fuch circLimflances, never fail to make a deep and lafting impreffion. Ilk vero, cum Crucem enihms intueretur, earn falutavit, hortatufque eji, ut dijclpulum cjus^ qui ei fujffixus fulj[fet, exciperet\ earn ded'icatam et confecratam ejfe Chrifti c'orpori, ejufque memhris^ quaji margaritis, xinmtarn ; diu earn defatigarl ipfum expeia?2do, quem- admodum Chr'tfium magijlrwn expeddjfet ; latum fe ad illam venire^ cujus dejiderio jam d'lu teneretur : ifaque orare, utfe exciperet, ac viagijiro redder et ; ut per illam ipfum Chrijlus reciperet, qui per earn ipfum redemijfet. Cumque vmtum ejfet ad Crucem, prirnum Chrijlum ora- X vity 322 APPENDIX. vit, delude popiiJum horlatus eji, ut in edfde et reltgmie, qiiam tradidiflet, permaneret. In Cruce vero hiduwn I'ixii, cum inter ea nidhmi Jinem docendi popuJi fecit. - Perionius de Geftis- Apoftolorum. He faluted the Crofs when he beheld it afar off, and entreated it to receive him as the difeiple of that Mailer who had himfclf been nailed upon it. He declared that it was dedicated and confecrated to the body of Cbriil, and was more adorned with his limbs than if inlaid with pearls ; that it had long expected him, as it had cxpedled hisMafter Chrift before him; that he had long looked forward to it with impatience, and was now arrived at it with pleafure : wherefore he befought it to receive him, and reftore him to his Mailer ; tliat the fame Crofs, by which he had been redeemed, might be the inltrument of conveying him to his Redeemer. When come to the foot of the Crofs, he firlt prayed to Chrill, and then exhorted the people to remain Headfaft in the faith which he had delivered to them. He lived two days upon the Crofs, and during all that time never ceafed to ad- monifh and inftrucl the people. PRETFULNESS. The argument urged againll it by the Pfalmiit deferves to be well fixed in our minds ; and indeed, iif it were fo, we fliould need no other. " Fret not ** thyfelf againlt the ungodly, &c. for they fhall foou '^ be cut down like the grafs," &c. Who could envy APPENDIX. 32J envy a flower, though ever fo gay and beautiful in its colours, when he faw that the next Uroke of the mower would fwcep it away for ever ? GREATNESS. A MAN wiflies for it, and cannot be eafy without it : no fooner has he attained his .vvdfh, but you hear him lamenting his hard lot, complaining of cares, and troubles, and viiits ; he has no peace, hot an hour to himfelf; his expenditure is greater than his income, &c. &c. All this is wrong ; he onjy expofes his own weaknefs. He wanted honour and exaltation: he has got them, and muft take theft* neceflary appendages with them. If he thinks pro- per to receive the pay, he (hould not find fault with the duty. The troubles of a llation are deligned as an antidote to {he poifon of its temptations. They humble the pofleflbr, and fncw him to him- felf. They fliould be borne with meeknefs and pa- tience, and made this ufe of. See what Fenelort has faid on the Crofs of Profperity, ii. 143. 155. Alfo ia fermon in Maffillon's Petit Canme, where he (hews a court to be the befl fchool for learning mortifica- tion and felf-denial. GRIEF. Grief is friiitlefs and unavailable in every cafe but one, viz. fm. We take to it kindly in every jnilance but that. X a HAP- iif APPENDIX. HAPPINESS ON FIFTY-SIX POUNDS PER ANNUM. A CLERGYMAN applied to the Dean of Chrifl- church for the httle vicarage of Blerxldington, then vacant, value, {le cJaro, about 40I. per ann. " Sir,'* faid he, " I maintain a wife and fix children on 56 1, per ann. Not that I fhould regard the matter, were the income certain. But when a man confi- ders it may be taken from him any day of the week, he cannot be quite fo eafy." " I will get the living for you, if I can,'* anfwered the Dean ; " but I would not have you raife your expe6lations too high ; be- caufe, if any member of the college will take it, by our rules he muft have it." " O Sir," replied the di- vine, " it would make me the happieft man in the world ! but if I mifs it, I fhall not be unhappy. I never knew what it was to be unhappy for on hour, in my whole life." HIGH CHURCH. A NAME invented^ according to Mr. Lellie, un- der which the church of England might be abufed with greater feeurity. Such are declared by Steele, in his Crifis, to be worfe than Papifts, and the very oppofite to Proteftants. Lellie, in his Letter from Bar- le-duc, fpeaks of rods and tcfts prepared for the church of England by the Whigs, &c. had they fucceeded in Sacheverel's APPENDIX 325 Sachcverel's trial ; the intention of which was to make her fwallow her own dung, as they fuid, and objure her do6lrines. HISTORY. I. History, in general, is an account of what men have done to make each other unhappy. In the hiftory of the prefcnt age, it is a ftriking cir- cumftance, that the hiftorian, amidft a feries of murders and calamities, is glad to relieve himfelf and his reader, by dwelling on fo minute an incK fluid compounded of the ingredients of human ali- ment, as oil, falts, earth, and water, fo as to make it flow freely through the lymphatic veflels, though fome of them are a hundred times fmaller than the arterial capillaries, ten of which are not equal to one hair ! What mechanifm is that, which from one uni- form juice can extradt all the variety of vegetable juices to be found in plants ; which from fuch va- riety of food as enters the flomach of an animal, can make a fluid very nearly uniform, viz. blood ; and again from that uniform fluid can produce the variety of juices in the animal's body ! Yet all thcie operations are as mechanically and regularly per- formed as corn is ground in a mill, or cyder made from apples in a prefs. 3. The lacleal vefl!els are the roots of an animal, whereby it draws its nourilhment from the food in the inteftines, as a vegetable does from the mould in which it is fet ; only a vegetable has its root planted without, and an animal within itfclf. A foetus in the womb is nourifhed like a plant, but afterwards by a root planted within itfclf. ^ P. 74. 4. Some infedls have their wind-pipes on the fur- face of their bodies, and are therefore killed by the contact of oil, not as a poifon, but as it excludes th.e air. Arbuthnot on Air^ p. 115. IDLE- 330 APPENDIX. IDLENESS. 1 . An indolent, idle man is a car cafe ; and, if he doc3 not take care, the birds of prey (the miniflers of venr gcance) will be at him. In Romney Marfli, when the ravens, hovering on high, and keeping a iharp look-out, fee a flieep turned on his back, fo fat and unwieldy that he cannot recover himfelf, they inftantly Ibufe down upon him, pick out his eyes, and then devour the body, carrying it away pieccr meal, ^s they are able. Perfons are then fet to watch on purpofe to prevent this cataftrophe. r Watch YE! King's Morfels of Criticifm. 2. Adam worked in Paradife; afterwards in the world. " My Father workcth hitherto' (fays our Lord) and I work." There is probably no abtb- lute idlcncfs, but in hell, and in the refemblances of hell. Ditto, p. 126. 3. The bufy man, fay the Turks, is troubled with one devil, but the idle man is torrnented with a thoufand. 4. Idlencfs is the m.ofl: painful lituation of the mind, as flanding fiill^ according to Galen, is of the body. See Brown's Vulgar Errors, iii. i. 5. The irkfomenefs of being idle is humoroufly hit off by Voltaire's old woman in Candide, who puts it to the j)hiIofophers, ** Which is word, to A P P E N D I :^. 331 to experience all the miferies through which every one of us hath pafled, or, to uemaix here do- ING NOTHING ?" 6. Bilhbp Cumberland being told by fomc of his friends, that he would wear himfelf out by intenlc application, replied ; " It is better to -wear out than to ruj out." 7. It wjis an obfervation of Swift, that he never knew any man come to greatnefs and eminence, who lay a-bed in a morning. 3. The niofl lluggifh of creatures, callpd the Potto, or Sloth, is alfo the moll horrible for its ugiinefs to (hew the deformity of idlenefs, and, if poUiblc, to frighten us from it. 9, In the mind, as well as the body natural and politic, flagnation is followed by putrefaclion. A want of proper motion docs not breed rcfl and liability; but a motion of another kind; a motion unfeen and inteftine, which does not prcfcrve, but deftroy. 10. Sloth proceeds from want o( faith or courage, or Jove, 2d Peter, i. 8. j4dd to faith virtue, &c. "Thefe things make you, that you he cvx, dc^-/ov<; not idle and unprofitable. See Whitby in loc. II. The following is an admirable obfervation of Roufleau, in his ConfeJJkns, b. v. vol. ii. p. 89. ' In my opinion, idlcnels is no lefs the peft of fociely, than of folitudc. Nothing contrails the mind. 332 APPENDIX mind, nothing engenders trifles, tales, backbiting^ ilander and falfities, fo much as being fhiit up in ^ room, oppolite each other, reduced to no other oc cupation than the necelTity of continual chatter- ing. When every one is employed, they fpeak only when they have fomething to fay ; but if you pre doing nothing, you muft abfolutely talk in^t ceflantly, and this, of all conftraints, is the moft troublcfome, and the molt dangerous. I dare go even farther, and maintain, that, to render a circle truly agreeable, every one mull be not only doing fomething, but fomething which requires a little attention." JEWS. Lord Chesterfielp once told Lady Fanny Shir- ley, in a ferious difcourfe they had on the Evidences of Chriftianity, that there was one, which he thought to be invincible, not to be got over by the wit of man, viz. the prefent Jiate of the Jc'i^s a fa6t to be accounted for on no human principle. This anec- dote was related to me by a pcrfon who had it from Lady Fanny hcrfelf, INTENTION. Intention is the fame in the inner man, as the eye is in the outer. While the eye is clear, it illumi- pates the whole body : each member is perfectly en- lightened o APPENDIX. 333 lightened for the performance of its functions as if itfelf were an eye. If any humours fuffufe the eye, the whole body is inftantly overwhelmed with dark- nefs. So the iyftem of a man's condu6l by a pure or vitiated intention. The intention is the view in which the acSlion is performed, the aim, as we fay, taken before the pei*formance of it. If the h'ght be dark- ncfs, if that which ought to direcl the a(5lion be itfelf perverted and depraved, how great muft be that depravity ! KINGS. 1. " Before an opera is to be performed at Turin, the King himfelf takes the pains to read it over, and to erafe every line that can admit of an indecent or double meaning. This attention is particularly paid to the theatre, on account of the morals of the Royal family." Mrs. Miller's Letters from Italy, i. 200. 2. Kings honour human nature, when they diflinguifli and reward ihofe who do moft honour to it, and while they give encouragement to thofe fuperior gcniufcs, who employ themfelves in perfe6ting our knowledge, and who devote themfelves to the worfliip of truth. Happy are the fovereigns who themfelves cultivate the fciences ; who think with Cicero, that Roman conful, the deliverer of his country and f ither of eloquence : " Literature is the accomplithment of youth, and the charm of old age. It gives a lufti-e to 334 APPENDIX. to profperity, and a comfort to adveiTity ; at horn^ and abroad, in travel and in retirement, at all time* and in all places, it is the delight of life." A kingj guided by jufiice, has the univerfe for his temple?, and good men are the prieils that faerifice to him. ^ Critical Eflay on Mach. 3. Though the mafk of diffimulation fhould for fome lime cover the natural dctbrmity of a Prince, he can- not always keep it on. He muft take it oftfomethnes in order to breathe ; and one fingle opportunity is lumcient to fatisfy the curious. Artifice, then, fliall Teat itfclf in vain on the lips of a Prince. We do not form a judgment of men from their words, but by comparing their actions with them, and with each other. Falfehood and diffimulation can never ftand this tcfl. A man can a6l well no part but his own ; and, to appear to advantage, muft appear in his proper character. Ibid. 4. Be not thou, then, wicked with the wicked, but be thou virtuous and intrepid among them. Thou wilt make thy people virtuous as thyfelf ; thy neigh- bours will imitate theCj and the wicked tremble.^ Ibid. 5. Inundations which lay countries walte, lightnings which reduce cities to aflies, the poifon of the plague which difpeoples provinces, are not fo fatal to the Avorld, as the dangerous morals and unruly paffions of kings. Calamities from heaven endure but for a time ; they dcftroy but fome countries ; and thofc lofTcs, though grievous, ai*e retrievable ; but the crimci APPENDIX. 335 -Crinlcs of kings caufe whole nations to fuffer, from generation to generation. Ibid. LANGUAGE (figurative) of the SS. Respecting the figurative language of the Scrip- tures, there is this curious and important queftion to be determined Whether God adopted it, becaufe it was the flyle of the eaftern nations ; or it became theftyle of the eaftern nations, becaufe God originally conftituted and employed it ? LAWS. The obfervation, made by a great cafuift on humart laws, holds much ftronger with regard to divine ones - ' The obedience of that man is much too delicate, who infifts upon knov/ing the reafon of all laws, before he will obey them. The lawgiver muft be fuppofcd to have given his fandtion to the law from the reafon of the thing; but where we cannot difcover the reafon of it, the fatiulion is to be the only realbn of our obedi- ence." Bp, Taylor s Du(9:. Dub. b. iii. c. vi. rule 3. LEARNING. I. There is no kind of knowledge which, in the hands of the diligent and f^ilful, will not turn to account. Honey exudes from all fiowers, the bit- ter not excepted ; and the bee knows how to ex- tra6^ it. 2. Cicero s 33^ APPENDIX. 1. Cicero's apology for the great men of Rome who employed their leifure hours in philofophical difquilitions is worthy notice; fome, it feems, thought fuch employment unworthy of them. " Qiiaji 'vero clarorum vlrorum aut tac'itos congrejfus *'. effe oporteat, aut ludicros fermones, aut rerum coU *' loquia Icviorum, - - - _ ] a degree there, in Feb. 1786. " The retardation of " the comet, compared to its period, may clearly be *' put to the account of the attradlion and perturba- " tion he has undergone in the region of Jupiter and " Saturn." Middleton and Hoadley. There was a very fcarce book fuppofcd to be written with force againft miracles. Middleton had long fearched for it in vain. Hoadley was in pof- feflion ofacopy, and furnithed him with it. "You *^ are a wicked man (faid he) and will make a bad ** u(c of it. Perhaps /ought not to give it you. But there APPENDIX. 343 there take it, and do your worft." This anecdote is in the Bodleian library, as I have been informed by a friend. MINISTRY. 1. Some make the difchargc of the Chriftian mini- ilry to confift in aflerting the rights of the church, and the dignity of their function ; others in a ftrenuous oppofition to the prevailing fedlarics, and a zealous attachment to the eftablithed church government ; a third fort in examining the fpeculative points and myftical parts of religion ; few, in the mean time, con- iidcring either in what the true dignity of the mini- fterial charadler confifts ; or the only end for which church government was at all ellablifhcd; or the practical influence, which can alone make fpeculative points worth cvir attention the reformation of the lives of men, and the promotion of their truefl: hap- pinefs here and hereafter. Gilpin's Life, p. i6o. 2. " I hope my younger brethren in the miniftry will pardon me," fays Dr. Doddridge, " if I entreat their particular attention to this admonition not to give the main part of their time to the cur'iofttles of learning, and only a few fragments of it to their great work, the cure of fouls \ left they fee caufe, in their laft moments, to adopt the words of dying Grotius, perhaps with much greater propriety than he could ufe them Frohl viiam perdldi ope rose nihil agejuio!'* Fam. Expof feci. 14. The Do6lor does not refer to his authority for this anecdote : but his admonition Y4 is 344 APPENDIX. is moft excellent. See the whole Improvement. See p. 103, where another anecdote is mentioned of Grotius, but the author, from whom I took it, did net cite his authority. On the fubjed of the above admonition of Doddridge, fee Norris's Conduct of Human Life. See Doddridge's Sermons and Trails, i. 264, Quefnel on Tit. iii. 9. a proper text for a fermon on the fubje6l. 3. It often happens to the teachers of philofophy and religion, as it did to Dr. Solander on the moun- tain. " You muft keep moving," (fays the Do6lor) " at all events. Whoever fits down will fleep, and *^ whoever fleeps will wake no more." Yet he himfelf was the firft who found the incHnation, againft which he had warned others, to be irre- liftible, and infifted upon being fuffcred to take a nap, though he had juft told the company, that to ileep was to perifh. See Hawkefworth, i. 48. 4. " Reafon ought to diredl us (fays Loixl C), but it feldom does. And he who addrcfles himfelf lingly to another man's reafon, without endeavour- ing to engage his heart in his interefi: alfo, is no more likely to fucceed, than a man who fhould ap- ply only to a king's nominal minifler, and neglc6l his favourite.'''' Thq illuflration is juft and beauti- ful ; and the obfervation deferves the notice of every one, whofc employment it is to win men to faith and righteoufncfs. Dry reafoning, though ever fo folid, Vv'ill not do alone. Sec Letters, II. 54. cxxix. 5. Apply APPENDIX. 34J 5. Apply to a faithful and vigilant clergy _ * - - Nunquam, cuilodibus illls, No^lurnum ftabulis furem, incurfufque luporum, Aut impacatos a tergo horrebis Iberos. Georg. iii. 406. _ - - _ Who for the fold's relief Will profecute with cries the nightly thief, Repulfe the prowling wolf, and hold at bay The mountain robbers ruflung to the prey. Dryden, 6.5. 6. Original corruption appears in as many differ- ent fhapes as the fabulous Proteus of the ancients, while it exerts itfelf in the different paffions of finful men, transforming them, for the time, into various kinds ofbcafcs. Turn variae illudent fpecles atque ora ferarum, Flet enlm fubito fus horridus, atraque tigris, Squamofu(ique draco, et fulva cervice lesena ; Sed quanto ille magis formas fe vertet in omnes, T.anto, nate, magis contende tenacia vincla. Various forms affume, to cheat thy fight, And with vain images of beads affright. With foamy tuflcs will feem a briftly boar, Or imitate the lion's angry roar; J3ut thou, the more he varies forms, beware To ftrain his fetters with a ftrifter cajre. Dryden, 587. So fpeaks Wifdom to her children, as well as il!yrene to her fpn Arifteus, Gcor^. iv. 411. To accomplifh 34<> APPENDIX. accomplifh this work happily, celeftial influences arc neceflary, which are conferred in one cafe, no lefs than in the other : Haec ait, et liquidum ambrofix diffundit odorem, Quo totum nati corpus perduxit j at illi Dulcis compofitis fpiravit crinibus aura, Atque habilis membris venit vigor. This faid, with nelar flie her fon anoints, Infufing vigour through his mortal joints : Down from his head the Uquid odours ran ; He breath'd of heav'n, and look'd above a man. Dryden, 599. *j. With regard to men's principles, we fhoiiM always put the befl conftru61:ion on dubious cafes, and treat thofe as friends to Chriftianity, who are not avowed and declared enmes. By ^Q> doing, wc may perhaps fave a perfbn from really apoftatiiing ; his doubts and prejudices may be overcome; and what was wanting in him may be perfc6ted. Bat if we fuppofe and treat him as an enemy, we take a ready way to make him one, though he were not fuch before. Befidcs that the addition of a new name, efpccially if it be a name of eminence, to the catalogue of infidels ftrengthens that party, and weakens the faith of many, who build it on autho- rity. " He that is not againfl: us, is on our j)art.'* Mark ix. 40. Sec Doddridge in loc: and fee Life of Sir Thomas Brown, by Johnfon, ad fin. 8. Happy the miniftcr, whofc days are fpent in teaching APPENDIX. 347 teaching heavenly truths ; his nights in acquiring the knowledge of them, by ftudy and devotion! Et quantum longis carpent armenta diebus, Exigua tantum gelidus ros notte reponlt. Georg. li. 20I, 9. The ncceflity of a kind and gentle manner, in him who inftiu^ls or reproves another, and the fad efFe6l of a contrary temper, are well fet forth by Jerome. Nihil eft fee Jius fr^cce.ptore furiofo, qui, cum deheat ejfe manjueius et hwiiilis ad omnes, diverfo torvo 'vultu, trementihus lahi'is, effrejiat'is convifiis, cJamore ^erjlrepitat : erranles no7i tarn ad honum retrahtt, quam adiiialwn fud f^it'id pracip'itat. Cited by Dieterich, i. '>i2)' Nothing is more unfcemly than a paffionate inftrudlor ; who, when he ought to be an example of gentlenefs and humility to all, is diftinguifhed on the contrary by fierce looks, trembling lips, in- temperate noife, and unbridled revilings. Such a man does not by perfuafion recal to righteoufnefs thofe who wander, but by harllmefs precipitates them into evil. , 10. A Chriftian (a minifter cfpecially) Ihould live and a6l with that difpohtion for which George Grenville is celebrated by E. Burke. " He took " public bufinefs, not as a duty which he was to *' fulfil, but as a plcafure he was to enjoy ; and *' he feemcd to have no delight out of this houfe, " except in fuch things as fome way related to the " bufinefs that was to be done within it." Speech, 25. The fentence preceding ijs " With a mafculine " under- 34^ APPENDIX. *' undcrilanding and a ftout and refolute heart, he had " an. application undiffipated and unwearied." II. Mrs; Siddons, the famous adtrefs, . receiving many invitations to the hgufes of the great and opu- lent, excufed hcrfelf from accepting any of them, be- caufe her time was due to the pubhc, that flie might prepare herfelf in the moft perfecil manner to appear be- fore them^ for their entertainment. When a clergy- man is invited to fpend his hours at card-plaKing or chit-chat meetings, has he not an apology to make of the fame kind, but of a more important and intereft- ing nature ? And if he be deficient in the duties of }jis profeflion for want of fo cxcufing himfelf, wiM not Mrs. Siddons rife up in jadgment againil him, iand condemn biin \ MOULTING. The heathen philofophcrs allowed human nature to be fallen from original rectitude, and funk into a weak, drooping, antl fickly ftate, wdiich they called ^T5poppii)?o-/$-, the moulting of the foul's wings. A juft and beautiful image; the old feathers drop off, to make way for a new plumage. MUSIC. Whe?i Agamemnon fet out for Troy, Hom^r tells us, he committed his wife to the care of a muf\- clan^ as the beft of guardians and preceptors. Nor could the adulterer yEg\fthus fcduce her, till he h^l taken A P P E N D I IC, 34^ taken off the mulician, ^vho^e inftru6lion, while he lived, kept the princefs in the path of virtue.^ OdyfT. iii. 267. How different, in thole days, muft the charadler of a mufician, and the ufe of mufici have been, from their chara6ter and life at prcfent I NATURE. I. Mary Magdalene, like the Heliotrope, followed the fun of righteoufnefs in his diurnal courfe. She attended him to his evening retreat, and met his riling lulire in the morning. But one, the lofty follower of the fun. Sad, when he fets, fhuts up her yellow leaves, Drooping all night ; and, when he warm returns. Points her enamour 'd bofom to his ray. Thomson K 1. The mind that has been fubjedl to the fires of wanton nefs, becomes, like wood burnt to char- coal, apt upon every occafion to kindle and burn again. 3. A bone that is calcined fo as the leaft force will cnimble it, being immerfed in oil, will grow firm again. Thus, in the figurative language of Scrip- ture, the bones which by forrow and affli(9:ion for fin are " burnt up as it were a firebrand," by par- don and grace are reflored to their flrength^ " flou " rifh, and are made fat." * JSee Evelyn's Syha, p. 37, which fugge (led the thought. 4. Some 3SO APPENDIX. 4. Some pcrfons, who have a great deal of (liarp and pungent latire in their tempers, do not difcover it unlefs they are highly provoked ; as in tl>e evapo- ration of human blood by a gentle fire the fait will not rife. 5. Eels, for want of exercife, are fat and llimy. For this reafon, perhaps, fifh without fins and fcales wre forbidden the Ifraelites ; and the neceflity of exercife, both for the body and the mind, might be the moral intended. 6. Stall-fed oxen, crammed fowls, and high-feed- ing Chriftians, are often difeafed in their livers. No animal can be wholelbme food, that does not ufe ex- ercife. See Buchan. 7. The rule which phyficians lay down for nurfeS had been a good one for the fanatical holdcrs-forth in the laft century, viz. never to give fuck after fafting : the milk, in fuch cafe, having an acef- cency very prejudicial to the conftitution of the recipient. 8. Had man perfevered in innocence, none of the creatures would have hurt him, and it is pofli- ble all mig-ht have miniflered to him in one vvav Of other ; as, upon occafion, the ravens were made to do to the prophet. 9. It was the faying of a great general, that there fhould be ibme time between a foldier's dif- miffion and his death ; and it has been obferved of the moft furious polemical writers, as Bellarmine, and others, that they have (pent the latter, part of their APPENDIX. 2S% their lives in pious meditation. Thus huntfmen tell lis, that a fox, when efcuped from the dogs, after a hard chace, always walks himfelf cool, before he earths. See Floyer and Baynard on Cold Baths, p. 328. 10. Providence hath afforded us an unufual and fpecial inftance of the brevity of life in the Ephe- nieron, whofe duration is from fix in the evening till eleven. At the beginning of its life it fheds its coat, apd fpends the reft of its fhort time in frilking over the waters, on which the female drops her eggs, and the male his fperm to impregnate them. Hav- ing thus fcrvcd their generation, and provided for the continuance of the fpecies, they die and are turned again to their duft : and all this in five or iix hours. - - - - Here, fond man. Behold thy pidur'd life ! Vide SwAMMERDAM, Ephem. Vit. 11. Noxious creatures, in proportion as they are fo, teach us care, diligence and wit : weafcls, kit;es, &c. induce us to watchfulnefs ; thifdes and moles, to good hufbandry ; lice oblige us to cleanlinefs in our bodies; fpiders, in our houfes; and the moth, in our clothes. Things often become hurtful, not of necefTity, but by accident, through our own negli- gence or miflake. Let this be 'applied, in the moral world, to the concerns of our fouls, and of the church. 1 2. 'There 552 APPENDIX. 12. There are men whom nothing but hell fire fiafliins: in the'r faces can roufe from fin and fen- fuality ; as I have fecn a fellow driving a fat boar, with a lantern and a bundle of flraWj to burn a W'ifp under his nofe, a? often as he lay down in the mire : when he feels his beard finged, he gets up, and goes forward. 13. After having compofcd and delivered a fer- mon, I have often thought of, and repciited, the fol- lowing lines of Thomfon-^ Be gracious, Heav'n ! for now laborious man Has done his part. Ye foft'ring breezes, blow ! Ye foftening dews, ye tender fhow'rSj defcend ! And temper all, thou worid-reviTing fun. Into the perfect year 1 Spring, ver. 48. 14. A faithful paftor, when leaving a flock, of whom he had long had the care, might exclaim in thefe words of Eve in Milton, fpoken on being told that flie muft quit Eden - . - ^ - O flow'rs. My early vifitation and my lafl At ev'n, which I bred up with tender hand From the firft op'ning bud, and gave you names, "Who now fliall rear you to the fun, or rank Your tribes, and a ater from th' ambrofial fount ? 15. The reproaches of an enemy oltcn ferve to quicken a man in his Chriftian courfe, as in Si- beria they join a large dog to a rein deer in their 4 fledges. A ^ t E N D I X. 3^3 Hedges, that the latter may be urged on by the bark of the former. See Travels of the Jcfiiits, by Lokman, ii. p. 15 j. 16. The manner in which man refe'mbles his Maker is thus defcribed by an ancient Bramin : " Figure t6 yourfelf a million of large vciTels quite filled with watef, on which the fun darts his lumi- nous rays. This beautiful planet, though tingle in its kind, multiplies itfelf in fome meafure, and paints itfelf totally, in a moment, on each of thefe veflels, ^o that a very pcrfe6l rcfcmblance of it is feen in them all. Now our bodies are thefe veflels filled with water ; the fun is the image of the Supreme Being ; and the figure of the fun, painted on each of thefe vcflcls, is a natural reprefentation enough of the human foul, created after the image of God himfelf." Ibid. p. 148. 17. The paffions, when in thfemoft violent agita- tion, may be allayed by the confideration of hell' torments; as wine, when it ferments, ready to burfl the hoops of its vefTel, is calmed and quieted at once by the application of a match dipped in fdlphnr. 18. The Chinefe phyficians never prefcribe bleed-^ ing, but allay the heat of the blood by abftinence, diet, and cooling herbs ; faying, that if the pot boil too faft, it is better to fubduCt the fuel, than Jade out the water. 19. Pcrfecution is contrary to the very nature Z and 354 APPENDIX. and defign of religion, which is to efFe6l the coit- verfion of the foul without hurting the body ; as lightning injures not the fcabbard, when it melti the fword, 20. Vicious examples are moft noxious when fet off and reconiiTKincled by the charms of oratory, or poetry ; as fomc poifonous plants growing on a mountain in China are faid to kill only when they are in fio'ujer. 11 4 Naturalifts tell us of harts and hinds, that, in croffing a piece of water, the hart, as the flrongeft^. fwimmcth firft, to break the force of the ftream,. and the hind, as being weaker, fblfowcth reclining her head on his back. Woman is the weaker veflely and ilandeth in need of man to be her conduclor through life \ that, imder his guidance, fhe may iTem the torrent of the world, and reach, in fafety, the fhore of eternity. " Let her be as the loving ^ hind, and pleafant roe," and let lier welfare and fecnrity be equally attended to by her h-uiband. 22. Hufbandmen are careful continually to ftir and loofen the earth about the roots of plants.. Otherwife it grows dry and hard, and minifters no nutriment. The mind will do the fame unlcfs exercifed, and will ftarve the virtuous principles planted in it. Our Lord applies this,, in the parable of the fig-tree " I will dig about it." . Eft etiam ille labor curandis vitlbus alter, Cui nunquam exhaufti fatis elL Nam que omne quotanni*^ Tcrque APPENDIX. ill Terque quaterque folum fcindendum, glebaque verfis :^ternum frangenda bidentibus. Georg. li. 397* To drefs thy vines new labour is requlr'd. Nor muft the paiilfwl hufbandmari be tir'd : For thrice, at lead, in compafs of the year Thy vineyard n:!uft employ the fturdy fteer. To turn the glebe ; befides thy daily pain^ To break the clods, and make the furface plalri. Dryden, 548i 1^3. How fine an application do the following lines of the fame poet admit of, to the benefits of adver- Jtiy, and the manner in which the divine hufband- mart " purges every fruitful branch in his vinEj *' that it may bring forth more fruit !'* Ac jam olim feras pofuit cum vinea frondes, Frigidus et fylvis Aquilo decuflit honorcm, Jam tum acer curas venientem extetidit in annutii Rufticus, et curvo Saturni dente reliftam Perfequitur vitem attondens, fingitque putandd. Georg. 11.463* Ev'n ill the Idweft months, when {iorms have fhed From vines the hairy honours of their head j Not then the drudging hind his labour ends, But to the coming year his care extends : Ev'n then the naked vine he perfecutes j His pruning knife at orice refotms and cuts* Dryden, 55 S. So again, a few lines after, the care and di- ligence neceflkry to be employed with unremitting Z % affiduity. 356 -APPENDIX. afliduity, fa the laft hour, till the grapes arc gatherecT, and the vintage finally fecured Jam vln^lae vites ; jam falccm arbufta reponunt : Jam canit extremes efFoctus vinitor antes : Sollicitanda tamen tellus pulvifque movendu9> Et jam maturis metuendus Jupiter uvis. Georc. li. 4i61 Nec^accho genus, aut pomis fua nomina fervat. Georg. ii. 23 S.' Salt earth and bitter are not fit to fow. Nor will ^e tam'd o'r mended with the plough. Sweet grapes degen'rate there, and fruits declined From their firft iiav'rous tafte, tenounee their kind. Dryden, 323. 48. A genius forward^ and early ripe^ feldom, in the end, anfwers expecflation. Virgil has obferved the fame thing of land, which throws forth corn toa filrong at firft. ^-^ Ah! nimium ne fit mihi fertiJis ilia, Neu fe praevalidam primis oftendat ariftis [ Georg. ii. 25^^ Let not my land fo large a promife boaft, Left the lank ears in length of ftem be loft. Dryden, 34 1 j 49. The character of an univerfal fcholar is apt to dazzle the fight, and io attract ambition. But a greater progrefs is made in literature;, when every man takes his part, and cultivates that part thd- roughly, with all his powers. ^ - - - - Laudato ingentia rura y Exiguum colito. Georg^ ii. 4^2- To larger vineyards praife and wonder yield ; But cultivate a fmall and manageable field. Warton,' 495'.- 50. Inventors and proje6lors, however wild and Yifionary, oftea afford matter, which a wife nran will APPENDIX. ^6f will know bow to qualify aad turn to ufe, though they did not. See Acc9unt of Settlements iu America, i. 6^. 51, When an hogfhead of fugaf is in the higheft itate of fermentation over the fire, a piece of butter^ no bigger than a nut, will allay and quiet it in a moment. A tea fpoonful of oil quieted the ruffled furface of near half an acre of water in a windy day, and rendered it fmooth as a looking-glafs. See Dr. Franklin's account, Phil. Tranf. Ixiv. pait ii. Like the Divine Spirit, oil a6ts as a bond of peace to the whole mafs which is vmdcr its influence. - 52. The note of tlie cuckoo, though uniform, always gives pleafure, becaufe it reminds us that fummer is coming. But that pleafure is mixed with melancholy, bccaufc we rclic6t, that wliat is coming will fbon be going agam. This is the con- lideration which embitters every fublunary enjoy- ment ! -Let the delight cf my heart then be in fhee, O Lord and Creator of all things, with whom alone is no variablenefs, neither fhadow of chang- ing ! 53. The world twines itfelf about the foul, as a fcrpent doth about an eagle, to hinder its flight up- ward, and fling it to death* 54. " The afl?e6led gaiety of a wicked man is like the flowery furface of Mount uEtna, beneath which inaterials arc gathering for an eruption, that will one day reduce all its beauties to ruin and defdation." Irene. 55. The 36 A t> P E N D I X. $$. The Qiriftian traveller, in his journey thfoiigti the defertj hke Hafian, muft be always aivake, and upon the ixatch. At that dead hcui- the filcnt afp fhall cteep. If aught of reft I find, upon my fleep ; Or fome fwoln ferpent twift his fcales around. And wake to aTiguifli with a burning wound. CoLLiNs's Eel. ii* t^^. So manifold are the difcafes to which the body of man is beeome' fubje6t, that, in a treatife of a Di*. Richard Banifter, 1 13 difeafes are mentioned, as incident to the eye.^ and eyelids only. See Biog Brit. Whether the mind'^s eye be liable to fewer, may be queftioned. 57. The death and refiirreclion of Chrilt re-^ prefent and produce in man a death to fin, and a refiuTcdlion to righteoriihcfs.- When the fun re- cedes from the autumnal equinox, he brings on the fall of the leaf, with a general withering and ieeming extindlion of the vegetable life during the dead of winter; and, when in his annual motion he rifcs again towards our hemifphere, nature feels a kind of rcfurrcclion. Heylyn's IjCcturcs, ii/ 4-9- 58. It is with a Chrillian, as with the Sicilian vines. " An old proprietor" (fays Swinburne) " in-=' " formed me, that the ftrcngth of the liquor de- ' pendcd on the clofe pruning of the vine." Tra-* vels in the Sicilies, ii. 240. fe6^. 33. 59. Dr, APPENDIX. / 3(^9 59. Dr. Johnfon thus fpeaks of his fituation at Raufay : " Such a feat of hofpitality amidft the winds '' and waters fills the imagination with a delightful " contrariety of images : without is the rough ocean " and the rocky land, the beating billows and the " howling ftorm : within is plenty and elegance, *' beauty and gaiety, the fong and the dance !" Apply this to the ftate of a good man's mind amidft the troubles of the world, " rejoicing in tribula- *' tion." So tings a poet, of confcience *Tis the warm blaze in the poor hierdfman*s hut. That, when the ftorm howls o'er his humble thatch, Brightens his clay-built walls, and cheers his foul. Count of Narbonne, act iv. fc. 4. 60. It is difficult for a man to fupprefs a con- ceit which tickles his own fancy, though he be fure to fuffcr by the publication of it. Owen, the epigrammatift, had expe6lations from an uncle, who was a Papifl; but he could not refift the charm of the following fatirical diftich : An fuerit Petrtis Romae, fub judice lis eft ; Simonem Rom?e nemo fuifle negat. The confequence was, that the book was put into the Index Expurgatorlus, and poor Owen put out of his uncle's will. A a PARA- 370 APPENDIX. PARADISE. How beautiful this of Shakfpeare \ Confideration, like an angel came. And whipp'd th* offending Adam out of him } Leaving his body like a Paradife, T' envelop and contain celeftial fpirits. PARTY. 1 . In profelyting men to a party, one convert is em- ployed to. make more from among his old friends and connc(^lions ; fomewhat in the manner in which wild gazelles are caught, by fending into the herd one ah'eady taken and tamed, with a noofe fb faftened to his horns, as to entangle the animal that firft approaches to oppofe him. Goldfmith, iii. 86. 2. One is apt fometimes to wonder, why the cha- radlers, fayings, and writings of fome men ftand fo high in the opinion and efteem of others. The phenomenon may, perhaps, be partly accounted for by the following obfervation of Dr. Goldfmith : '^ It is probable," (fays he) *' there is not in the " creation an animal of more importance to a *^ goofe, than 2. gander. ^^ PATIENCE. I. A suRGiEON is never more calm and free from paffion, than when he is about to lance a fwelling, or . A P P E N b i 3^. ^ji r to perform an amputation. If he were not fo, he would be likely to mifcarry in the operation, and to kill, inftead of curing, his patient; Let this be applied to the cafe of a clergyman reproving, or in- fliding ecclefiaftical cenfures. Ut^ ad urendum et fecandum, Jic et ad hoc genus cajiigandl raro ifivitiqiie 'veniamus. -Ira procul abjjt, cum qua nihil rede fieri ^ nihil confiderate poteji. Cic. Off. i. fee. 38. Like the incifion knife, and the cauliic, let this fpecies of chaflifement be rarely and unwillingly reforted to : in all events let it be iriflidled without anger^ which in all things is abfolutely incorililtent with propriety and deliberation. See Arndd on Ecclus^ XX. I. 1. The portraits of a mari of wealth, a inan of pleafure, and a mari of power, do not excite oiir en\'y. Why then fhould the originals, which are made a^ as corruptible materials, which pafs away like fhadows, and laft not fo long as their pi6lures ? 3.' Affli6lions, when accompanied with grace, alter their nature, as wormwood, eaten with bread, will lofe its bitternefsi ^See Arbuthnot on Aliment, p. 15. 4. The bark of a tree contains an oily juice, -which, when it is in greater plenty than can be ex- haled by the fun, renders the plant evergreen. Such is the ftate of the man whofe virtue is proof againll the fCorching heats of temptation and perfe- cution ; he is " likei a green olive tree," in the courts of the temple; " his leaf fhail not wither." A a 2 5. Wo- 372 APPENDIX. 5. Women are generally fuppofcd to be in mirK?, as well as body, of a more delicate frame than men ; yet, in the primitive times, they went unhurt through the hotted flames of perfecution : as the utmoft force of boiling water is not able to dcftroy the llrudture of the tendereft plant, and the linea- ments of a white lily will remain after the llrongcft dccodlion. 6. An Italian bifliop, who had endured much perfecution with a calm unruffled temper, was afked by a friend how he attained to fuch a maftery of himfelf. " By making a right ufe of my eyes," faid he. " I firfl look up to heaven, as the place whi- ther I am going to live for ever : I next look down upon the earth, and confider how fmall a fpace of it will foon be all that I can occupy or want. I then look round me, and think how many are flir more wretched than I am." 7. Regncr Lodbrog, imprifoned in a loathfome dungeon, and condemned to be deftroyed by ve- nomous ferpcnts, folaced his dcfpcrate fituation by recollc6ling and reciting the glorious exploits of his pad life. The foul, confined in its prifon, the body, and infefled by deftrudlive pafiions, fhould fupport and comfort itfelf, by recoUedling and ce- lebrating the triumphs of its Redeemer, fet forth in the Pfalms : fo Paul and Silas. See Taylor's Holy Dying, on Patience ^the cafe of the Gladiators. 8. The crofs which is laid upon us muft be borne: if we are impatient, we lofe the fruit of it. But if A PPE N D IX^ 37^ if wc accept it willingly, and bear it with patience and meek refignation, it is regarded as equivalent to a puniihment of our own inflidion. PIETY, As drawn by Fenelon in a letter to his pu- pil, the Duke of Burgundy of whofe devotion people had faid it was ^'' fomhre, fcnipideufe, & qui " n eft pas ajfez proportionme a fon place'' Melan- choly, full of fcruples, not fufficiently adapted to his lituation " Si vous voulez faire honneur a voire *' piete, vous ne fauriez trop la rendre douce, Jimple, " commode, fociahr If you wifh to do honour to your piety, you cannot be too careful to ren- der it fweet and fimple, affable and fecial. See Maury, 443. PLEASURE. I. Surrounded with all the gaieties and glo- ries of the court of France, Maintenon and Pom- padour both experienced the depredations of me- lancholy; and declared they were not the happy perlbns they feemed to be, and that '' in all ftates " of life there was a frightful void." The retreats of St. Cyr and Bellevue were the places in which, (if ever) they tafted happinefs. Ann. Regifler, 1766. Memoirs of Mad. Pompadour. See a letter of L,ady M. W. Montague, in which flie extols the fuperior A a 3 felicity 374 APPENDIX. felicity of a milkmaid. Thefe teflimonies are curious, ^nd worth noting. 1, A child is eager to have any toy he fees ; but t:hrows ^t away at the fight of another, and i^ equally eager to have that. We are mofl of ug children, through life j and only change ope toy for another, from the cradle to the grave. 3. They, who would enjoy health and flrengthj, {hould follow the rule prefcribed by Conftantine, in the education of his fons : Coqfult in your nourifh- ment only the wants of nature, and feek only in the toils of the body the relaxation of the mind, But moft of our amufements now are qf the fedeur tary kind, cards, &c. and journies are performed in the eafieft vehicles. 4. People vvifh for great eftates, generally, that they may be enabled by them to live a life of induU gence, and follow their diverfions\ which was the very idea formed of this matter by the boy, whq faid, that if he had the Yquire's efiate, he would eat fat hacon and fwing all day upon farmer Hob- fons gate. For the different ideas of people of plea- fure, Selden tells of the boy, who faid, if he were a lord, he would have a great whip as cried flajb. 5. The colliers, in the north of England, pafs ppft of their time under ground. When they enqerge into day-light, the only thing they take any pleafure in is cock-fighting rdiS if the fun and air had t^een made for no other puiT)ofe^ 6. Le^ APPENDIX. 37S 6. Let us think of the moft exquifite fpiritual pleafures we ever felt on earth, and refledl, that thofe pleafures will be eternal in heaven ! The gentle fprlng, that but falutes us here. Inhabits tbere^ and courts them all the year. 7. We are fo made as to be always pleafed with Ibmcwhat in profpei, however dillant, or however trivial. Hence the pleafures of planting, fov/ing,- building, railing a family, educating children, &c. The advancement of our minds, in this world, to- \vards that perfedlion, of which they are to be pof- fefTcd in the next, (hould be the grand objecfl of our attention. 8. The Spartans wifhed to their enemies, that they might be feized with a humour of building, and keep a race of horfes : the Cretans, that they might be delighted with fome evil cuflom. See Wanley, 137. Becaufe he, whom pleafure lays hold of, will foon be impotent and of no cfFedt. PLURALITIES. An ingenious French author (Bourfault) relates the following llory. An Abbe, who had no prefer- ment, exclaiming one day to Boileau againfl pluralj-' ties "Is it poffible," fays the ecclefiaftic, " that the people you named, who have the reputation of being very learned Inen, and are fuch in reality, fhould be jniltaken in their opinion ? Unlcfa thcfe would ab-. A a 4 folutcly 37^ APPENDIX. Iblutely oppofe the dodlrine laid down by the apoftleS, and the directions of councils, muft they not be obliged to confefs, that the holding feveral livings at the fame time is linful ? I myfelf am in holy orders, and, be it faid without vanity, of one of the bcft fa- milies in Touraine. It becomes a man of high birth to make a figure fultable to it, and yet, I proteft to you, that if I can get an abbey, the yearly income of which is only looo crowns, my ambition will be fatisfied ; and be aflured, that nothing iliall tempt me to alter my refolution." Some time after, an abbey of 7000 crowns a year being vacant, his brother de- lired it for him, and was gratified in his rcqucft. The winter following he got another of ftill greater value; and a third being vacant, he folicited very llrongly for this alfo, and obtained it. Boileau, hearing of thcle preferments, went and paid his friend a vifit. " Mr. Abbe," fays he, " where is now that feafon of innocence and candour, in which you declared, that pluralifts hazarded their fouls greatly ?'* " x\h ! good Boileau," replied the Abbe, " did you but know how much pluralities contribute towards living well !" " I am in no doubt of that," replied Boileau; */ but of what fervice are they, good Abbe, towards dying well ?" POISONOUS PLANTS. Plants have their atmofpheres foi*.ied of par- ticles emitted from them on all lides. Thefe atmo- ipheres APPENDIX* 377 i^J^eres have . various efFecls on tliofe who Ray in them : fonie refrefh the fpirits, and cnHven a man ; others bring on a fit of the vapours; and a third ibrt lay him afleep. Thus it is cxadlly with w^;z, and with i^ooh. It is reported, that in Brazil tliere are trees, which kill thofc that fit under their fliade in a few hours. Beware of pcftilential authors and their works. POMFRET. An old woman who fhewed the houfe and pic- tures at Toweefter, exprcfled herfclf in thefe re- markable words : " That is Sir Robert Fanner : he lived in the country, . took care of his eftate, built this houfe, and paid for it; managed well, faved money, and died rich. Thif is his fon ; he was made a Lord, took a place at court, fpent his cftate, and died a beggar !" A very concife, but full and Itriking account. PREACHING. 1. A CHURCH itockcd with unpreaching divines is like the city of Nibas in the neighbourhood of Theflalonica in Macedonia, where, ^Elian tells us, the cocl?5 were all dumb. Lib. xv. cap. 20. 2. It is as neceflary for a preacher, in the com- pofition of his fermon, to take into coniideration the paffions and prejudices of his audience, as it is for 4 a 57^ APPENDIX. an archer t6 choofe his an-ows with an eye to the wind and weather. 3. Preachers would do eminent rer\'icc to religion, if, inftead of labouring to prove plain points, which nobody difputes, fuch as the obligations of duty, they would employ their powers in ftating its mea- flires, difcovering the various ways men have of elud- ing it, and fhewing them their conformity or non- conformity to it. 4. The art of fine fpeak'mg is one thing, that of ferfuafion another. The prudent and affectionate addrefs of a parent or a friend, however plain and unpoliOicd, will do more towards inclining the will, than all the tropes and figures, the logic and j-hetoric of the fchools. 5. " Scarce any thing," fays Dr. Trapp, " has of late years been more prejudicial to religion, than the negledl of the theological part of it, properly fo called ; and it is very greatly to be lamented, that fome writers, even of our own church, out of an un- due feiTor in oppofing fome erroneous doctrines of Calvin, have run into the other extreme, and have too little regarded the neceflary do6lrines of religion.'* Pref. to Prefervative, p. 5. 6. To preach pradical fcrmons, as they are called, /. e. fermons upon virtues and vices, without inculcat- ing thofe great fcripture truths of redemption, grace, &c. which alone can incite and enable us to forfake lin, and follow after righteoufncfs^ what is it but to put APPENDIX, 219 put together the wheels, and fet the hands of a WAtch, forgetting the fprin^, which is to make them fill go ? 7. St. Auftin did not think himfelf bound to ab- ftain from all ornaments of ftyle, becaufe St. Paul faid^ that he preached the gofpei not with the enticing ivords of mans wifdom. Non fratermitto ijlos mime^ fos claufularum. -I do not neglect the mufic of my periods. He ftudied to make his language fvveet jmd harmonious. See Donne's Sermons, p. 48. 8. Tully's cenfure, pafled on immoral philofo- phers, comes home, with a witnefs, to the bufinefs and bolbms of wicked clergymen. Ut enim, Ji gram- maticum fe profejfus quifpiam harhare loquatur ; aui Ji ahfurde canat is, qui fe haheri velit mitjicum, hoc turpior fit, quod in eo ipfo peccet, cujus profitetur fcientiam : fie phlofophus in intte ratione peccans, hoc furpior efl, quod in officio, cujus magifier effe 'Volt, lahitur ; artemque *vit^ profeffus, deJinquit in vita. . See the whole paflage Tufc. Quafl. lib. ii. fee. 4. pon procul ab init. Glafg. p. 58. As a grammarian who fhould fpeak barbarous language, or a mufician who fhould ling out of tune, would be the more defpicable for failing in the very art in which he profefled to excel ; fo the philofopher, whofe condu6l js vicious or immoral, becomes an obje6l of greater difgrace, lince, while inculcating the duties of life, he fails in their performance ; and, undertaking to fefonn the lives of others, fins in the regulation of Jijs own. 9. Terfc 3So APPENDIX. : 9. Terfe moral dlliys, oppofed to the overflow- iegs of ungodlinefs, remind one of the Chincfe, who, in tempeftiious weather, throw feathers into the fea, to quiet the ftorm, and drive away the devil. See Travels of the Jefuits, by Lokman, ii. 58- 10. It is much to the honour of the Athenians, that they had a law among them, obliging every man, who found a ftrangcr that had loit his way, to direcl him into it again. A Chriftian is under obli- gation, by the divine law, to do the fame in fpi- rituals. .11, .At the critical moment of that night, when Count Leltock, in 1741, was going to conduct the Princefs Elizabeth to the palace, to dethrone the l^egent, and pjLit her in polleffion of the Rullian ciTipire, fear preponderated, and the j)rincefs refufcd to fct out. The Count then drew from his pocket two cards, on one of which, llic was reprefented un- der the tonfure in a convent, and himfelf on a fcaffold : on the other, llic appeared afcending the throne, amidft the acclamations of the people. He laid both before her, and bade her choofe her fitu- ation.- -She chofc the throne, and before morn- ing was Emprefs of all the Ruffias. A preacher fhould take the fame method with his pcoi)le, which the Count took with the Princefs. Before the eves of thofe who halt between God and the world, through fear, or any oth^r motive, thould be placed pictures of the joys of heaven, and the pains of hell. A P P E N D nc. 3tff hell. It remains only for them to choofc right, and proceed to adlion. Succefs will be the confe- quence. 12. When the Romans heard Cicero, fays Fcne- lon, they cried out, le bel oraleur ! O what a fine orator ! But when the Athenians heard Dc^ mofthenes, they called out, AUons, hattons Philippe! Come on, down with Philip ! The difference be- tween the eloquence of the Grecian and that of thfe Roman orator is here cxprcflcd in a manner equally judicious and lively: and this is the triie criterion of a fermon, as well as of an oration. The exclamation of the audience fhould be, not, le hel orateur ! hut, AUons, hatto7is PJjiUppe ! Let us attack fuch a pajfton, fuch an appetite, fuch an error ; let us op- pofe thcTt'o/-/^, thejf?-f/?>, and the devil! Demolthenes therefore is the author who Ihould be fludied and imitated by preachers. PREDESTINATION. It is much to be wifhed, that Chriflians would apply themfelves to obey the gofpel, ihflead of en- deavouring to difcover the dcfigns of God concern- ing man before man was created, or the precile manner in which he touches the hearts of thofe who are converted. Salvation may be obtained without knowledge of this fort : belides, the wit of man may not be able to folve the difficulties that may be llarted .^82 A P P E N D I i. ftartec! on every fide of thcfe queftions ; upoii wliicll^ >bfcure and intricate as they are, if deciiions are made and enforced as articles of faith, fchifms and factions mufl enfue. But the mifcbief is done, and there is no remedy ; divines are therefore obliged to explain their own fentiments, and oppugn thofe of their adverfaries, refpe(5lively, as well as they are able* Thus ftrifes are increafed, time loft, and edification negledted^ PRINGLE (Sir John). He was particularly fond of Bifnop Pearce ^ Commentary and Notes* He was brought up iri principles of virtue and piety ; he was feduced to* deifm, but brought back again by an attentive con- lideration of the evidence ; and fettled by difcover- ing that the dodtrine of the Trinity made no part of the fcriptures ; that the mercy of God was not confined to a f&w, exclufive of others, and that futufe punifhments were not eternal. See Kippis's account prefixed to his Speeches. This is a way of making matters eafy : a man flrikes out of the gofpel what he does not like, and then is gracioufly pleafed to profefs himfelf a believer of the reft. After this fafhion, the religion certainly bids fair to become univerjal. *' Thus/* fays Kippis, " he added another name to the catalogue of the excellent and judicious perfbns who have gloried in being ratioiml Cbrifliansy 6 PRO- APPENDIX. jSj PROSPERITY. 1. Prosperity too often has the lame effe6l on a Chr'ifiian, that a calm at lea hath on a Dutch ma- viner, who frequently, it is faid, in thofe circum- ftances, ties up the rudder, gets drunk, and goes to Ileep, 2. In defcribing Salluil, at one time the loud ad- vocate of public fpirit, and afterwards fharing in the robberies of Ccefar, Warburton exprefles this varia- tion of chara6ler by the following imagery : " No fooner did the warm afpc6l of good fortune " fhine out again, but all thofe exalted ideas of vir- *' tue and honour, raifed, like a beautiful kind of froft " work, in the cold fealbn of adverlity, diflblved *'^ and difappeared." PROVIDENCE. 1. Sometimes it pleafeth God to puniHi-men for frnaller fins in this life ; which would not be, unlefs greater punifhments were prepared for greater lins in the next. There mufl either be a future day of judgment and retribution, or no God who governs the world. 2. There is a certain part in the great drama, which God intends each of us to a6t, but we often take a fancy to change it for fome other, by which means we become miferable or ridiculous. " It is ^' an uncontrolled truth/' fays Swift, " that no man " ever 38^4 APPENDIX. " ever made an ill figure who underftood his own " talents, nor a good one who miflook them." Sec Afcham, p. i66. 3. The fchemes of worldly politicians arefomarty fpider's webs, which, when woven with infinite care and pains, are fwept away at a ilroke, by Providence, with the bejom of deJlruSl'ion. Omnia funt hominum tenul pendentia filo, Et fubito cafu, quo valuere, ruunt. Ovm, Hung on a thread, man's perifhable pride Trembles, and falls as fate and chance decide. 4. What inextricable confufion mud the work! for ever have been in, but for the variety which we find to obtain in the faces, the voices, and the hand- writings of men ! Nofccurity of perfon, no certainty of poflellion, no juftice between man and man, no diftin6lion between good and bad, friends and foes, father and child, hufband and wife, male and female. All would have been expofed to malice, fraud, for- gery, and lufi:. But now, every man's face can dif- tinguifh him in the light, his voice in the dark, and his hand-writing can fpeak for him though ab- fent, and be his witnefs to all generations. Did this happen by chance, or is it not a manifeft, as well as an admirable, indication of a divine fuperin* tendence ? See Derham, i. 310. 5. When we pcrufc the hiftory of Ifracl in the Scriptures, we behold the working of Providence in every A P P E N D I X. 38^ every event. The hiftory of other nations would appear in the fame light, if the fame perfon were to write it, and unfold in like manner the grounds and reafons of his proceedings with ihem. At prefent we mufl learn as much as we can, by an application of parallel cafes. So with regard to individuals. 6. We eafily perfuade ourfelves that a caufe is good, when its patrons are victorious, and have the difpofition of things in their hands. Cicero, pleading before ^Casfar, for the life of Ligarius, fays, that, while the civil war was carrying on, Caufa turn diihia, quod erat aliquid in utrdque parte, quod prolan pojjet: nutic mellor certe ea judicanda eft, quam et'iam dil ddjuverint. ^The caufe was then doubtful, fince there was, in each party, fomething to claim our appro- bation : but now undoubtedly that Caufe muft be confidercd as the better, in whofe favour Heaven it- fclf has declared. 7. " Such a refpccl," fays Plutarch, *' had the Ro- *' maris for religion, that they made all their afiairs *' depend folcly on the pleafure of the gods, ne- " ver fuffering, no not in their greateft profperity, " the lead negle6l or contempt of their ancient rites, " or oracles ; being fully perfuaded, that it was of *^ much greater importance to the public welfare, that " their mao-iflrates and " gives every body ; abounds in good will ; delights " in good offices ; keeps itfelf clean ; is pleafed with " itfelf : looks cheerful; is cheerful! Why^ then, " will any one be fo indifcreet, as to drefs this " lovely form in fuch a frightful manner, as to ter- " rify the beholder, inltead of inviting him to em- ** brace it ?" Dr. Newton's Sermon on the Mini- ilerial Duty, p. 30, RETIREMENT. i. The din of politics in all companies makes one ibmetimes envy the Carthufian monks, of whom it is faid " They led a life of tranquillity amidft the " general tumults, which diftra^led the refl of the " world, of which they hardly heard the rumour ; *^ and knew nothing of the mighty, ibvereigns of the " earth, but by name, when they prayed for them." Volt. Hift. iv. 128. 2. The following limile of the fame writer, upon a fubjedl of the fame kind, is extremely jufl and beautiful. " The artificers and merchants, whofe , *' humble ftation had protected them from the am- '' bitious fury of the Great, were like ants, who dug *' themfelves peaceable and fecure habitations, while ** the eagles and vultures of the world were tearing "one another in pieces." iii. 25. 3. The retired lituation of the old folitary faints, V B b 2 and 38g A P ? E N D I X* and their moping and mufing way of life, threWi' them frequently into melancholy and enthuliafm, and fometimes into phrenfy and madnefs; and, in- deed, there arc few heads ftrong enough to bear perpetual folitudc, and a confinement to the fame pjace, the fame obje6\s, the fime occupations, and the fame little circle of a6tion ; and when to all this is added want of proper food and proper fleep, it is no wonder if a man lofe his fenfes. Jortin's Sermons, iii. 240. 4, Retirement is neceilary at times, to relieve from the cares of life; as the Indians, in fome countries, at evening bury themfelves in the fand, to efcape from the mulquettos. Mofely on Tro- pical Difeafes, p. 20. A^. B. When a man retreats into the country for health, he fhould go to fome diftance from the ufual fcene of bulinefs, and cut off the communi- cation with care and anxiety. Ibid. 39. 5. Though retirement is my dear delight, fays Mehnoth, yet upon fome occafions I think I have too much of it ; and I agree with Balzac, " Que la folitude eft certamement une belle chofe ; imis tl y a fJaiftr d'avoir quelqiiun a qui on puijfe dire de tetns en terns, que lafoVitude ejlune belle chofe^ Fitz-ofborn, 122. Solitude is certainly a fme thing ; but there is a.pleafure in having Ibme one whom we may telf from time to time, that folitudc is a fine thing. It is the difadvantage of retirement and folitude^ that men fall iuto erroneous and fantaftical opinions aad APPENDIX. 389 ^nd iyllems, for want of fifting and proving them in converfation and friendly debate. This is well flated in letter Ixxiv. p. 365. W. Law was a re- markable inftance of it. 6. Converfation (hould certainly be more prac^ifed than it is, on fubjedls of fcience, morality, and reli- gion.- The lefs a man converfes, the lefs he will be able to converfe. Selkirk, who fpent three years alone in the ifland of Juan Fernandcs, had aliroll loft the ufe of fpeech. Thuanus ufed to fay, read- ing was not of that ufe to him as converfing with learned men, which he did daily. Why was the Ityle of Salluft artificial and dark, when that of Caefar and Cicero was natural and plain ? Becanfe the two latter, by being accuftomed to harangue fenates and popular aflcmblics, gave themfelvcs to ufe fuch Ipeech as the meaneji Jhould ivell mulei[ftand^ and the w'tfeji heft allow : whereas Salluft wrote in his ftady, and from books only. Sir John Checke, in Afcham, p. 339. Cited alfo by Lord Monboddo* J^ICH TO ASSIST THE POOR. Epaminondas, who himfelf had nothing to give, fent a friend in iieceffity to a rich citizen, with or- ders to alk loco crowns in his name. His rcafon being demanded by the citizen " Why,'' faid Epa- minondas, ** it is becaufe this honeft man is poor, and you arc rich." That he tliought was a fuffi- cient rcafon* B b 3 SAY- 39d - A P P E N D 15^. SAYINGS. I. Adrian, the coadjutor of Ximenes in the ga- vernment of Cattile, was much difturbed at the libels which flew about againft them. Ximenes was perfectly eafy. " If/' faid he, " we take the *' hberty to a6it, others will take the liberty to talk, " and write : when they charge us falfely, we may " laugh ; when truly, we muft amend." a. Dr. Green of St. John's college, trying to ikate, got a terrible fall backwards. " Why, Do6lor," faid a friend who was with him, " I thought you " had underftood the buflnefs better." *' O," re- plied the Do6lor, " I have the theory perfedlly; " I want nothing but the practice." -How many of us, in matters of a much higher and more important nature, come under the Do6tor's predicament ! 3. '* You have the word, and we have the fword,'* faid Wefton to the reformed divines in Queen Mary'-s time. 4. Cardinal Wolfey's reflection, made juft be- fore he expired, fliould be laid to heart by every man, when tempted to beftow upon the world, or any thing in it, that afle6tion and fervice which are due to God. " Had I but ferved God as diligently *' as I have ferved the King, he would not have " given me over in my grey hairs." 5. To thofe, who would win men to religion by fire and faggot, may be applied the remark of the ' " Eai-l APPENDIX. 39 Earl of Huntley, when Prote^lor Somerfet marched into Scotland with 1 8,000 men, to efFc6l a marriage between the young queen of that kingdom and Edward VI." That he diflikcd not the match, but *' hated the manner of wooing." 6. There were at one time, in one college in Oxford, fix phyficians. Of two, the feet and breath were offenfive ; one was remarkably lean ; two were quarrelfome and turbulent; and one very ignorant in his profcffion. They were called, " Plague, " Peflilence, and Famine; Battle, Murder, and " Sudden Death." 7. A perfon coming into Melandlhon's howfc, found him holding a book with one hand, and' rocking a child with the other. Upon his expreff- ing fome furprife, Melan6lhon made fuch a pious difcourfe to him, about the duty of a father, and the Urate of grace in which children are with God, that this llranger went away, fays Baylc, much more edified than he came. 8. ^' Shaftefbury," faid Charles, " thou art certainly the greateft rogue in England." " Of a fuhje^, Sir," replied he, " perhaps I am." 9. When James 11. went to mafs, the Duke of Norfolk carrying the fword of flate, flopped at the chapel door, and let the king pafs. " Your fa- ther," faid James to him, " would'have gone farther." " Your majcfty's father," replied the duke, " would upt have gone lb far." 3 b 4 10. Very 392 APPENDIX. 10. Very ftriking is St. Auguflirrc's -reflccftibn, on the effc<5l produced by our Lord's anfwer to thofe who came to apprehend him. ^" I am he, "Eyu iui" Quid judicaturus faciet, qui judicandus hoc fecit! How will he a6l as a judge, who a(5led thus as a criminal ! 11. Melan6lhon, when he went to the confer* ences at Spire, in 1529, made a little journey to Bretten, to fee his mother. The good woman alked him, what fhe muft believe, amidft fo many difputes, end repeated to him her prayers, which contained nothing fuperftitious : " Go on, mother," (iiid lie, *' to believe and pray, as you have done, and never " trouble yourfelf about controverfies." The ad- vice of a wife and a good man. 12. Three or four Englilli gentlemen on their travels through Italy, happening to be at St. Ma- rino, on a fifh day, applied to a butcher, to pro- cure for them, if poflible, a joint of veal. The butcher faid he would do any thing to oblige them, but could not kill for them, as nobody would buy but themfelvcs. They continued very importunate, and oiFered to take any quantity. " Well, then, gen- tlemen," faid the fellow, at lafl, " I will venture to kill a calf; and if you will take half of it to-day, I will truft iq th^ repubj^ic for the other half to- morrow." 13. Bajazet, upon the march, at the head of his mighty army, after the capture of bis favourite city Sebal^ia, APPENDIX. .393 vSebaltia, by the enemy, hearing a poor fhepherd playing on his pipe on the tide of a hill, exclaimed " Happy iliepherd, who haft no Sebaftia to lofe !** Knolles. 14. Mahomet II. after he had taken Conftanti- nople, being reproached for fpending all his time with Irene, a captive Greek, forgetting his intended conquefts, and negle6i:ing the concerns of empire, ordered a convention of all his great men ; produced Irene before tliem, aftced them, if they could blame him, when they beheld her, and then, to convince them he could mafter his paflions, feizing her by the hair with his left hand, chopped off" her head with his right, 15. Very flirewd and fenfible obfcrvations arc often made by perfons difordered in their ienfes. Dr. Heylyn ufed to apply, upon this occafion, an old Spanifh proverb, which fays, that light makes its way into a dark room, through a crack. 16. Nee vero ego, fays Sadolet, alhid niedlus Jidius Jldtuo ejfe fapimtiam^ quam viemmijfe unumquemquc quid fid officii et viuneris Jit, idque cum fide et cam integritate p-afiare. Epift. p. 21. That, that alone I deem to be wifdom, which enables a man to keep prefent to his mind a fenfe of his duty, and with in- tegrity and firmncfs to perform it. 1 7. Sir William Dawes, Archbifhop of York, was very fond of a pun. His clergy dining with him, for the firft time, after he had loft his lady, he told them. ^ APPENDIX. them, he feared they did not find things in lb good order as they iifed to be in the time of poor ^ary ; and, looking extremely forrowful, added, with a deep figh, " She was, indeed. Mare pacificumr -A curate, who pretty well knew what fhe had been, called out, " Aye, my Lord, but fhe was " Mare mortuum firft." Sir WilHam gave him a living of 200/. ^er annum within two months af- ter^vards. 18. Many of thole fighting heroes, fo celebrated in flory, may be compared, as Mr. Boyle obferves, to Avorthlefs gnats, confiderable only for their no'ife and Jtmgs with which they difturb men's re^. 1 9. Valeria being afked, why, after the death of her hufband Servius, fhe would not marry again, anfwcred, *^ Ideo hoc facto quia Servhts meus, licet aliis mortuus Jit^ ajyud me I'ivif, vivefque Jenifer y This I do, becaufe my Servius, though dead to others, lives, and will ever live, to me. See Diete- rich. ii. 435. 10. Dr. Johnfon being afked, what he thought of the Scotch univerfities : " Why, Sir," fnkl he, " they are like a beficgcd town, where every mait '' has a mouthful, and no man has a bellyful.'* 2.i The fame pcrfon, being afked by fome Scotch philofophers, whether he thought a man would jexift by choice, or ncccffity, rcpHcd " If an Eng- Jifliman, by choice ; if a Scotchman, by ncccffity." 52. llochefler Ibid, with aftoniHiment, " That A P P E N D I 3^. 395 *' he did not know how it was, but Lord Dorfd: ^' might do any thing, and yet was never to blame.** Every botly excufed whom every body loved for thfe tendcrnefs of his nature. Royal and Noble Authors, p. 96. 23. On Lord Dorfet's promotion, King Charles, having feen Lord Craven (a proverb for officious whif- perers to men in power) pay his ufual tribute to him, aiked the former, what the latter had been faying. The Earl gravely replied,, "Sir, my Lord Craven did *' me the honour to whifper, but I did not think it '*' good manners to liften." ^I'his was cxa611y in the ipirit of Charles's own witticifms. Ibid. p. 97. 24. When the dime Lord Dorfet was dying, Congreve, who had been to vifit him, being afked how he left him, replied,,," Faith, he flabbers more wit than other people have in their bed health." Ibid. p. 97. 25. Shaft efbury (author of the Chara6leriilies) attempting to fpeak on the bill for granting coun- fel to prifoners in cafes of high treafon, was con- founded, and for fonie time could not proceed ; but recovering himfelf, he faid, " What now happened ^^ to him, would ferve to fortify the arguments for ^' the bill If he, innocent, and pleading for othei*s, *' w^as daunted at the auguftnefs of fuch an afTembly, f* what mufl a man be who fhould plead before them f'for his life?" Ibid. p. 106. 26. When the Lieutenant of the Tower offered iStraffbrd a coach, left he flioujd be torn to pieces by 4 V the 39^ APPENDIX. the mob, in paffing to execution ; he replied, *' 1 *' die to pleafe the people, and I will die in their * own way." Royal and Noble Authors, p. 163. 47. Henry Lord Falkland being brought early into the Houfe of Commons, and a grave fenator objedling to his youth, and " to his not looking " as if he had fown his wild oats ;" he replied with great quicknefs, " Then I am come to the properefl: ** place, where arc fo many g&&{e to pick them up.'* Ibid. p. 221, 28. " My dear Pouilly," fays Bolingbroke, " of ^' all the men I ever knew in my life, there are but ** three fit to take upon them the talk of govern- *' ing nations ^)'ou and I and Pope." Pope had rcfigned his underftanding to Bolingbroke ; who was fo pleafed with the facrifice, that he thought Pope, of all the men in the world, qualified to be a frime mtnifter. This was moft undoubtedly Pope's title; and it is natural for us to fuppofe, that M. Pouilly de Champeaux held his eftate by the fame kind of tenure. The letter containing this very curious paflage was lately publilhed in the preface to an edition of the works of Champeaux, On the fame principle of vanity, Bolingbroke palmed upon his friends a filly miftrefs of his for a wit, be caufe fhc repeated good things which he had faid, and pretended to have forgot. Ah, la fauvre hu-r rnanitd ! 29. Repentance and renovation confift not in the wiHi, or purpofc, but in the a6lual operations of a 9 good / APPENDIX* 397 ^00(1 life. As Drydcn obfervcs, that fpeculative painting, without the afliftance of manual operation; can never attain to perfe6lion, but flothfully lan- guifhes ; for it was not with his tongue that Apellea performed his noble works. 30. The afcent to greatnefs, however fteep and dangerous, may entertain an aclive fpirit with the confcioufnefs and cxercife of its own power; but the pofleflion of a throne could never yet afford a lafting fatisfad:ion to an ambitious mind. This me^' lancholy truth was felt and acknowledged by Scvenis; Fortune and merit had, from an humble ftation, ele- vated hini to the firft place among mankind. " He ** had been all things," as he faid of himfelf, " and " all was of little value." Omma fuit et nihil exp edit . Diftra^ted with the care, not of acquiring, but of pre- ferving an empire, opprcficd with age and infirmi- ties, carelefs of fame, and fatiated with empire, all his profpe6ls of life were e.lofed. Gibbon, i. 130. 31. " Though I fuffer," faid Auguuinc when i5ck, " yet I am well, becaufc I am as God would " have me to be ; for when we will not what he wills,s " it is we that are in the fault, and not he, who can ** neither do nor permit any thing but what is juft." Letter xxxviii. edit. Benedi61. 2,1. " It is incomparably better,*' fays he in the fame letter, " to fhut the door of our heart againfl "jull anger, when it offers to come in, than to '* give it entrance ; being uncei'tain, whether it may *' Jiot 5^ APPENDIX; ^ nof grow too powerful for us to " turn it otit ** again.'* 33. " Non eft epifcopatus art'ijicmm tranfigendce vif^ ' fallacis. Epifcopacy ought not to^ be looked upon *' as an eftablithment, or a means to procure the " deceitful pleafures of life." Letter Iviii, 34. Nectarius, an heathen, interceding with Au- gufline for fomc of his fellow-citizens, who had com- mitted fome crime, urges this reafon to prevail with him : " That it is the duty of a bifhop to da *' nothing but good to mankind : not to meddle * with their affairs ; unlefs it be to make them bet- ** ler, and to intercede v/ith God to pardon their faults." Letter xc. SERPENTS. The effc6ls of their poifon are wonderful ; as of that called the copper-head in South x\merica. A man ftung by otie became like a ferpent : fpots of various colours alternately appeared and vanifhed oil different parts of his body: rage filled his eyes^, "which darted the moft menacing looks on all pre- fent ; he thrufl out his tongue as the fnakes do, and i'tjjed through his teeth with inconceivable force. A ftriking picture of our great adverfary, and the manner in which by his fuggcftions he adis on the human mind, and fills it with his own temper and difpolition. Thcfc effects from the bite of a ferpent are APPENDIX. $9^ are not more extraordinary, than the foamlngs and barkings, and dilpofition to bite, which have been obferved in cafes of canine madnefs. See Letters from an American Fanner, by J. He6lor St. John, letter x. Crit. Rev. April 1782, p. 267. See in the fame place the account of a battle between two fnakes, a Wack fnake and a water fnake, each fix feci long, till they both fell into the ditch, where one kept the head of the other under water till he was fufFocated. SEVERITY PROFITABLE. Childrex are the better for the feverity of their parents, and the reproaches of an enemy ferve oftea. to corre6l and improve the perfon who is the obje<9: of them. The cafe, if we credit Erafmus, is pretty much the fame in the republic of letters. Ufiius Laurentii T-^alLe mordac'itas fion pauJo flus coiidux'it ret Viterar'iie^ qimm phirhnonun hieptus candor ^ omnia omnium Jine ds~ hthi 7nirantium , Jthique invicem plaitdentiiim^ ac mntuum (qiiod atunt) Jcabentium. Epift. iii. 96. The feverity of Laurentius Valla did more fcrvice to the caufe of letters, than the abfurd indulgence of thofe, who, giving indifcriminatc praifc to the works of others, expect the fame for their own, and, to ufe the words Qi the proverb, agree in fcratching one another. SIIAKSPEARE's Upd APPENDIX. SHAKSPEARE's GENIUS. Shakspeare was perhaps in fome inftanccs lefs in* vcntive than commonly imagined. It appears from JDr. Farmer's pamphlet, that there Was an aftonifliing mafs of materials before him in old tranflations of the claflics, of Italian tales, romances, &c. Some of thefe are flill extant ; but many others, whofc names are preferved, have periflied. From the former be is feen continually borrowing. The celebrated Ipeech of Volumnia to her fon, is a piece of fuch remaining prole, only thrown into blank verfe. In moll cafes however, though the clay pre-exilled, he was the Prometheus who animated it. SHYNESS. Mr. Loveday ufed to ftyle it the EngTi/Jj madnefs^ If indulged, it may be the caufe of madnefs, by driving men to fliun company, and live in folitude, which few heads are llrong enough to bear none, if it be joined with idlenefs. Or it may be the effect of madnefs, which is mifanthropic and ma- lignant. Some fay p7'ide is always at the bottom You do not like company, vou arc uncaf)^ in it. Why ? You are confcious of fome infirmity which difqualincs you from fliining, and making that figure you wifh to ([o. Others excel you in breeding, con- verfation. A P P E N D I r. 40t verfatioti, and the arts of pleafing. You feel felf- abafement and vexation at being thus abalhed and kept under : you fly from the fcene of torment^ hating your tormentors, and abufing them either to yourfelf, or in fociety of an inferior fort, among thofe who will join you, having perhaps fuffered the fame, or worfe ; and fo you relieve and comfort one another. All this, I am afraid, is too true. An Englifhman is upon the refcrve, according to Mrs. Piozzi, by way of fecurity, left he fhould fay fomething Open to the cenfure and ridicule of others, and fo his cha- rader fliould fufFer. This is upon the fame princi- ple : and fo, if he cannot fay fomething fine and witty, and worthy of himfelf, he fits fullen, and fays nothing. Thus a whole company, among us, is often filent for a confiderable time together, till they wifh themfelves and one another j^r/z^^r. The Italians, it feems, talk freely and eafily all that oc- curs, having no fuch thoughts and fears. " A " Frenchman," fays Ganganelli, " is fuperficial and " lively ; an Englishman profound and gloomy." Which is beft ? In a focial light, and as a compa - nion, certainly the former. SLAVERY. He is a ilave, who cannot do that which he wilbes ;to do, and which his fober reafon and judgment didate to be done. When this is to be the cafe, it C c is 402 APPEND! X. is rather better that the tyrant fhould be withouf^ than within-, for then he is always at hand to domineer ; and he is harder to be vanquifhed and caft off. SOBRIETY. The refidcnce of wifdom is faid by one of the ancients to he in dry regions, not in bogs and fens. If the temperature of climate and foil have a great cfFecSl upon the mind, that of the body muft needs have a far greater; and he, who, by drenching himfelf continually with liquor, puts his body into ti*c ilate of Holland, may expcdl to hare the genius of a Dutchman for his pains. SOCIAL DUTY. 1. He, who laments that he has not leifure io pur^ fue his /uidies, when he is called upon to perfoiTn the duties of life, fays Epidletus, is like a champion at the Olympic games, who, when he enters the lifts, fhould fall a crying, becaufe he is not cxercilin|^ without. a. A neglc(5l of our duty to our friends and families, or to any perfon who may juftly expc6l it from us, cannot be excufed by allotting thofe hours to me- ditation, to prayer, to religious ftudies, which be- long properly to focicty, and to the exercife of focial virtues. Jortin's Sermons, iii. 238. SO CI- APPENDIX. 40J SOCINIANS. They projedled a league with the churches of Algiers and Morocco, in the time of Charles II. See their propofal to the ambalTador, in the works of Leflie.-^Adam Ncufer, who was employed to intro- duce Socinianifm into Germany, being difappointed, went into Turkey, and en lifted among the Janifaries. MoQieim, iv. 192. 8vo. where fee an excellent ac- count of the rife and progrefs of Socinianifm and its principles. Socinus thought Chrift was to be worfhipped. (Stillingfieet, 149) Some of his fol-r lowers went farther, and denied that article ; he tried to reclaim them, but in vain.-^Sep Stillingfleet on the Trinity, preface, p. 59. At p. 62 there is a quotation from a Socinian writer, who ftyles the Tartars " the fhield and fword of that way of wor- " fhipping God." Paulus Alciatus is there men- tioned, who from an Unitarian turned a Maho-* metan. SUICIDE, A SCORPION-, when he finds himfelf inclofed, and no way left him to efcape, will bend his tail round, and fting himfelf through the head. And it is re- markable, that this is the only animal in the cre- ation, man excepted, that can be made to commit fuicide. Cc2 SUN, 40^ APPENDIX. ;.,suN. If the. fun were intelligent, he would fee aftd know all, even to the intimate fubftance of things, a^ his rays penetrate to and affedl every atom of mat- ter. Thus is the Deity intimate to the fpirits and thoughts of men. Cudvvorth adduces the inllance bf the fun, as furnithing an idea how all things may be viewed and governed by the Deity without pain, labour or fatigue, in anfwer to the objedlion of the atheifls againft Providence ; (Bibl. Choif. ix. 64.) and a noble illuftration it is as was ever conceived by man. A curious paflage on the fubje6l of God's omnifcience is cited by Le Clerc, in the fame place, from Xenophon's Mem. c. iv. 17. edit. Oxon. 8vo. God's glory confifts in the communication of his good- nefs to his creatures, as the light difFufed from the fun is the glory of the celeftial luminary. Cud- vvorth, B. C. ix. 69. SUNDAY SCHOOLS. The different fe6ls may inftrudl each its own children in a fchool of its own ; but I do not fee how the children of different fe6ts can be inflru6led together in one fchool, as their do6lrines, cate- chifms, &c. are different : and the children are to be condudled to feparate places of worfliip : the pa- rents of one fort will not approve of their children being APPENDIX, 405 being carried to the church or meeting-houfe of ano- ther. How can you bring them all up in a catholic ^ay, unleTs you have one catholic i. e. univerfal, general, common religion in which to bring them up ? To be of a catholic fpirit, is to unite in that one re- ligion ; not to jumble together the errors, incon- liftencies, and herefies of all. This muft end in in- difference. It may bring the people of the church nearer to the fedls ; but the prefent times do not give us any hope, that it will bring the fe(5ls nearer to the church. See Bruce, v. i. p. 519 523. TARTARS. THEIR CUSTOMS. 1. In Kardan, a province of Tartary, as foon as a woman is delivered, fhe rifes, walbes, and drefles the child. Then the hufband, getting into bed with the infant, keeps it there forty days, and re- ceives vifits as if he had lain in. It feemcth not eafy to account for this cuftom. Apply this to the cafe of authors who publifh other people's works as their own, and take the credit to themfelves ; or to re6lors, who value themfelves on account of the good done by their curates. 2. Various have been the difputes, in different ages and nations, about the objett of adoration. In fome parts of Tartary, the inhabitants, to make ihort work of it, worfhip the oldeft man in the C c 3 houfe. 4o6 A i P E N D I X. lioufe, as the being from whom the reft of the -fa* mily have received life and all things. Apply this to thofe who dote upon antiquity, as fuch. TEA. The Mogul Tartars, Abbe Grozier tells us, who feed on raw flcfh, are fubje6l to continual indigef- tions whenever they give over the ufe of tea. It may be the fame in fome degree with all who eat fo much animal food as we do. It is true, the work of digeftion is, made eatier by fire, in drelling; but then our ftomachs are weaker than thofe of the Tartars. Tea fnould not be drunk, but when there; is fonicthing for it to feed upon. TEMPERANCE. J. Carnivorous animals have more courage, and mufcular ftrength, and adlivity, in proportion , to their bulk ; which is evident by comparing the cat-kind, as lions, tigers, and likcwife the dog-kind, with herb-eating animals of the fame bulk. Birds of prey excel granivorous in ftrength and courage. I know more than one inftance of irafcible paffions being much fubdued by a vegetable diet. Ar- buthnot. a. Imitation requires judgment to difcern when circumftanccs arc parallel; becaufc, if they are not, jt will be abfurd and ridiculous ; as a goofe, that fees another APPENDIX. 407^ anotlier goofe drink, will do the fame though he is Hot thirfty. The cuftom' of drinking for company, when drink is difagreeable and prejudicial, feems to be a cafe of the fame kind, and to put a man (feathers only excepted) upon a footing with a goofe. 3. The emperor of Abyflinia, at his meals, has always an officer prefent, whofe bulinefs it is, as foon as he perceives in his imperial majefty any ten- dency to intemperance, to tell him of it ; upon which he immediately rifes from table, and retires. See Dr. Poncet's Journey into Ethiopia, in the Jefuits' Travels by Lokman, vol. i. 4. " You Europeans," fay the Hottentots, *' arc madmen. You build great houfes, though your bodies take up but little fpace '. you have fo great a num- ber of wants, in order for clothing and nourifhing yourfelvcs, that, not contented with things fuffi- cient for yourfelvcs in Europe, you come to this and other countries, in order to dilpoflefs the in- habitants of their clothes and food. With regard to ourfelves, we want neither money nor wares : as we neither eat nor drefs after your manner, there is nothing can oblige us to work and difturb our- felves as you do," 5. Hippocrates and Cornaro did fo much honour to phylic and temperance, as to infurc their bodies -from the attack of any difeafe ; nor were they mif- taken, Cc4 6, Por- 4oa APPENDIX. 6. Porphyry's comparifon is very juft, that a fult meal is like Sifera's banquet, at the end of which there is a nail ftruck into a man's temples. See Arnold on Ecclus. xxxi. 2,0. 7. A man who is determined, either by choice or neceffity, to drink rum and water, Ihould keep a jealous eye on his meafure ; that once violated, his palate becomes vitioted ; and if reafon is not exerted to prevent, it will feldom be found equal to the talk of corre^ing a habit formed upon the ruins of fortitude. Mofely on Tropical Difeafes, p. 55. An admirable obfervation, deferving well to be regarded by all who drink a mixture oi any Jpr'it with water- or even of wmc and water. TIME. I . '* No man (faith Lord Bacon) can be fo ftralt-^ cned and opprefled with bulinefs and an adtive courfe of life, but he may have many vacant times of leifure, while he expedls the returns and tides of bufinefs. The queilion is, how thefe fhall be filled up ; with lludy and contemplation, or with fenfuality and plea- fure. A man may be out of his bed for fixteen of the twenty-four hours : what might not be done in that time?" See Rambler, 108. vol. iii. p, 14. a. *' Every day is a year to a filk-worm, and has iri " it the four feafons : the morning is fpring, the mid- ** die of the day is fummer, the evening autumn, and'' " the APPENDIX. 409 ** the night winter." Voyages and Travels, iv. 1 93, from Navarette. To man life is a year, and a year is a day. See the Idler. 3. Paft fcenes are generally recolledled with a fo- lemn fadnefs, caufed by the thought, that the time is gone which will never more return. Our days muft be well and profitably fpent, if we would re- member them with pleafure. 4. In our Chnllian courle, it is but too gene- rally and too truly obferved, that as we grow older, wc grow colder; we become more flack, remifs, and weary in well doing. The rcverfe ought to be the cafe, for the reafon affigned by the apoftle, when, ftirring up his converts to vigour, and zeal, and alacrity, he fays " For now is our falva-. *' tion nearer than when we believed." In a race, the pii/b is made at At/?. 5. What enabled Dr. Birch to go through fuch a variety of undertakings was his being an early rifer. By this method he had executed the bufineS of the morning before numbers of people had be- gun it. And indeed, it is the peculiar advantage of rifing betimes, that it is not in ihe power of any interruptions, avocations, or engagements whatever, to deprive a man of the hours which have already been well employed, or to rob him of the confola- tion of reflecting, that he hath not fpent the day jn vain. Biog. Brit. ii. 323, 6. There is a traditional anecdote concerning Mr. Boyle, 410 APPENDIX. Boyle, that he ufed fometimes to have it infcrlbcci over his doer ' Mr. Boyle is not to be fpokcii with to-day." This was very proper in one who was often engaged in procefles of the utmoft im- portance, and which required an unremitted at- tention. Indeed, if literary men, in general, could ^nd a rational method of preventing the interrup- tions of needlefs morning vifitants, it would be of fervice to the profecution of many ufcful defigns. Ibid. 514. 7. Cardan's motto was, ^* Tempus mea pojjrjjio, *' tempus ager mens. Time . is my eftate, my land that I am to cultivate." Lord, grant me ever to confider this, and fo to cultivate it^ that it may bring forth fruit to life eternal ! Amen, TRIUMPH BEFORE VICTOPvY. Nothing can be got, but much may be loft, by triumphing before a battle. When Charles V. in- vaded France, he loft his generals and a great part of his army by famine and difeafe; and returned baffled and thoroughly mortified from an entcrprife, which he began with fuch confidence of its happy iffue, that he defired Paul Jovius the hiftorian to make a large provifion of paper fufficient to record the victories which he was going to acquire. TYPES, A P PEN D I X. 4ir TYPES. The Mofalc types are like triangular prilms, that muft be fet in a due light and pofturc, be- fore they can reprefent that great variety of fpirT- tual myfleries contained in them. The office of the prophets was to do this, and dire61 the people to fee in tliefe glafies the Son of God fully repre fented to their view. Still. Orig. Lee. b. ii. c. 5. VAIN CURIOSITY. Many people, inftead of minding their own bufinefs, and fecuring their fouls, amufe them- felvcs with enquiring what will be the fate of Hea- thens, Jews, Turks, and other Infidels, till they be- come little better than Infidels themfelves. " Lord, *' and what fhall this man do ?" " What is that to f^ thee ? follow thou me." UNIVERSITIES. I. It was a cuftom with the Gymnofophitls, every day, at dinner, to examine their difciplcs, how they had fpent the mprning ; and every one was obliged to fhew, that he had difcharged fome good office, pra6lifed fome virtue, or improved in fome part of learning. If nothing of this appeared, he was fent back Avithout his dinner. A mighty good inftitu- tion. 4X2 APPENDIX. tion, furely ! Pity but it could be revived, and pradtifed in collego halls ! 2.1 " For one loft by his own paffions/* fays Maty, *' I have known at leaft forty men ruined by not " heing told of their danger.''^ He propofes for re- formation of univerlities 1. Expulfion of thofe who will not fubmit to rules and orders, and a ftate of pupillage. 2. A rigorous exaction of the ftated appearances at chapel, and in the hall. 3. To break, by varied hours of Ie6lure, the pof- libility of long junketings. : 4. Some feeling lectures from Plato and Epidtetus OR the dignity and manlinefs of the honi vivere ^arvo ; the dependance and fer\ulity of debt ; the inelegance and future mifchiefs of promifcuous con- cubinage. WIT. 1. He, who facrifices religion to wit, like the people mentioned by^lian, worfhips a fly, and offers up an X to it. 2. Wit, like fait, fhould excite an appetite, not provoke difguft ; cleanfe wounds, not create them ; be ufed to recommend and preferve that which is found, not be thrown away upon that which is already rotten. 3. Wit without wifdom is fait without meat, ,4 and APPENDIX. 41J and that Is but a comfortlefs difli to fet a hungry man down to. Wit employed to diiguife and pre- judice truth, is fait thrown into a man's eyes. 4. Nothing is more abfurd than to divert a man who wants to be comforted ; for fait, though an excellent relifher, is a miferable cordial. 5. Jocularity fhould not be obtruded upon com- pany when they are not in the humour for it ; as a well bred man would no more force fait than pepper upon his guefts, whofe conllitutions it might not Hiiit '- A CHRO- A CHRON'OLOGICAL CATALOGUE OF THE WRITINGS OF THE RIGHT REVEREND GEORGE HORNE, D.D* LATE LORD BISHOP OF NORWICH. 1751.'' I ^HE Theology and Philofophy in Cicero^s Sommunf J_ ScipioJiis explained , or a brief Attempt to demon- ftrate, that the Newtonian Syftem is perfectly agreeable to the Notions of the wifeft Ancients ; and that Mathematical Princi-' pies are the only fure ones. 8vo. London. 1753. A fair, candid, and impartial State of the Cafe between Sir Ifiiac Newton and Mr. Hutchinfon ; in which is (hewn, how far a Syflem of Phyfics is capable of Ma- thematical Demonfhration ; how far Sir Ifaac's, as fuch a Syftem, has that Demonftration , and, confequently, what Regard Mr. Hutchinfon's Claim may defcrve to have paid it, 8vo. Oxford. 1754. Spicilegium Shuckfordianum ; or, A Nofegay for the Critics. Being fome choice Flowers of modern Theology and Criticifm, gathered out of Dr. Shuckford's Supplemental Dif- courfe on the Creation and Fall of Man ; not forgetting Bi- iliop Garnet's Vatikra. Duod. London. 1755. Chrifl: and the Holy Ghofl: the Supporters of the Spi- ritual Life, i'rov. xx. 27 ; and Repentance the Forerunner of Faith, Ifai. xl. 3, 4, 5 i two Sermons preached before the "UniYcrfity of Oxford j tlic former at St. Mary's, on Sunday, April CHRONOLOGICAL GATALOG0E. 415 April 13; the latter In St. Mary Magdalen College Chapel, on St. John Baptill's Day, 1755. Svo. Oxford. 1756. The Almighty glorified in Judgement, Rev* x'l. 13,14 ; ^ Sermon preached before the Univerfity of Oxford, on Sunday, February 15, 1756". Preached alfo before thd Mayor and Corporation of the City of Oxford, and at fcverai other Places, on Occafion of the late Earthquakes and Public Fall. 8vo. Oxford. 1756. An Apology for certain Gentlemen In the Univerfity of Oxford, afperfed in a late anonymous Pamphlet ; with a fhort Poftfcript concerning another Pamphlet lately publifhed by tlie Rev. Mr. Heathcote. Hvo. Oxford. 1760. A View of Mr. Kennicott's Method of correfling the Hebrew Text, with Three Queries formed thereupon, and humbly fubmitted to the Chriilian World. 8vo. Oxford. 1761. * The Cliriftian King, i Pet. 11. 21 j a Sermon preached before the Univerfity of Oxford, at St. Mary's, Ja- nuary 30, 1 761. 8vo. Oxford. 1 761. * Works wrought through Faith, a Condition of our Juflification, James ii. 24 ; preached before the Univerfity of Oxford, June 7, 1761. 8vo. Oxford. 1762. * Mercy to thofe who are of the Houfehold of Faith, Lament, v. 3 ; preached before the Sons of the Clergy in the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, INIay 6, 1762. 410 and 8vo. London. 1772. Confiderations on the Life and Death of St. John the iJaptift. 8vo. Oxford. A fecond Edition in Duod. wa printed at Oxford in 1777. 1772. Confiderations on the projeled Reformation of the Church of England. In a Letter to the Right Honourable Lord North. By a Clergyman. 4to. London. 1773. *The Influence of Chriftianity on Civil Society, Tit. ii. ir, 12; preached at St. Mary's in Oxford at the AlTizes, March 4, 1773. 8vo. Oxford. , 1774. * The Good Steward, Ads xx. 35 ; preached In the Chapel 4i5 CHRONOLOGICAL CATALOGUE. Chapel of the Afylum for Female Orphans, at the Annivef- fary Meeting of the Guardians of that Charity, May 19, 1774- 4to. London. 1775. * Chrift the Object of Religious Adoration, and therefore very God, Rom. x. 13; preached before the Uni- yerfity of Oxford, at St. Mary's, May 14, 1775. 8vo. Ox- ford. 1775. The Providence of God manifefted in the Rife and Fall of Empires, I Sam. ii. 30 ; preached at St. Mary's in Oxford, at the Aflizes, July 27, 1775. 8vo. Oxford. 1776. A Commentary on the Book of Pfalms ; in which their literal and hiftorical Senfe, as they relate to King David and the People n( ifrael, is illuftrated ; and their Application to Meffiah, to the Church, and to Individuals as Members thereof, is pointed cut ; with a View to render the Ufe of the Pfalter pleafmg and profitable to all Orders and Degrees of Chriftians. 2 Vols. 4to. Oxford. A fecond Edition was publilbed at Oxford in 1778, in 2 Vols. 8vo. and three Edi- tions more have fmce been printed. 1777. A Letter to Adam Smith, LL. D. on the Life, Death, and Philofophy of his Friend David Hume, Efq. By- one of the People called Chriftians. Duod. Oxford. Two Editions of this fmall Piece have been printed. 1779. Difcourfes on feveral Subjefts and Occafions. 2 Vols. 8vo. Oxford- The fifth Edition has been printed in the pre- fent Year (1795). 17S0. * Faft Sermon, Deut. xxiii. 9} preached before the Honourable Houfe of Commons, at the Church of St. Mar- garet, Weftminlter, February 4, i 780. 4to. Oxford. 1781. * Faft Sermon, Ifai. xxvi. 9; preached before the Univerfity of Oxford, at St. Mary's, February 21, 1781. 4to. Oxford. 1783. * The blefled EfFefts of Perfeverance, 2 ThefT. iii. 13 ; preached in the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, before the So-, ciety for promoting Chriftian Knowledge, June 12, 1783. 4to. London. 1784. CHRONOLOGICAL CATALOGUE. 417 1784. *The Antiquity, Ufe, and Excellence of Church Mufic, Pfalm Ivii. 8 ; preached at the Opening of a new Or- gan in the Cathedral Church of Chrift, Canterbury, July 8, 1784. 4to. Oxford. 1784. * The Character of true Wifdom, and the Means of attaining It, Prov. Iv. 7 ; preached in the Cathedral Church of Chrift, Canterbury, before the Society of Gentlemen educated in the King's School, Canterbury, Auguft 26, 1784. 4to. Oxford. 1784. Letters on Infidelity. Duod. Oxford. A fecond Edition, with the fifth Edition of the Letter to Dr. Adam Smith, was printed at Oxford, duod. 1786. 1785. * Sunday Schools recommended, Pfalm xxxlv. ix; preached in the Parifh Church of St. Alphage, Canterbury, DecemberiS, 1785. 4to, Oxford, 1786. 1786. * The Duty of contending for the Faith, Jude, verfe 3 ; preached at the Primary Vifitation of the moft Reverend John Lord Archbifhop of Canterbury, in the Cathedral and Metro- political Church, July i, 1786. To which i*^ fubjoined, a Dif- courfe on the Trinity in Unity, Matt, xxviii. 9 j preached in the Cathedral on Trinity Sunday, 17H6. 410. Oxford. *^* Thefe two Sermons were printed together in duod. 1788, by the Society for promoting Chriftian Knowledge,\ and are in the Catalogue of Books diftributed by that Society. 178". A Letter to the Rev. Dr. Prieftley, by an Undergra- duate. The fecond Edition was printed in the fame Year. 1788. * Charity recommended on its true Motive, 1 John, IV. it; preached at St. George's, Bloomfbury, before the Go- vernors of the benevolent Inftitution for the Delivery of Poor Married Women at their own Habitations, March 3c, 1788. 4to. Oxford. 1790 Obfervatlons on the Cafe of the Proteftant DlfTenters, with Reference to the Corporation and Teft A(ks. 8vo. Oxford. 1791. Charge Intended to have been delivered to the Clergy of Norwich at the Primary Vifitation. Two Editions 4to. Dd I794' 4i8 CHRONOLOGICAL CATALOGUE. 1794.. Difcourfes (Poflhumous) on feveral Subjects and Occafions. Vol. 3d and 4th, 8vo. Oxford. A fecond Edi- tion has been fince printed. The Sixteen Sermons marked * have been collected into one Volume 8vo, and printed at Oxford in the prefent Year (1795)- To this Catalogue may be added, the Letters in the Gentle- man's Magazine for 1752 and 1753, ^g'^^d Ingenuus, in Reply to the Letters of Candidus, on the Controverfy concerning the Cherubim 5 the greater Part of the Preface to Dr. Dodd's Tranilation of Caliimachus, publifhed in 1755 ; the Letters in the vSt. James's Chronicle, commencing January i, 1767, un- der the Title of The Mifcellany, by Nathanael Freebody; the Republication of Dean Stanhope's Edition, of the Tranfla- tion of Bilhop Andrev/s's Devotions, from the Greek, with a. recommendatory Preface by Bifhop Home ; the Academy of Abftralion, a Vifion, in the General Evening Poft, Auguflt 31, 1771 j Remarks on Voltaire's Pupil of Nature, in the fame Paper, September 12, 1771 ; a Letter on the Con- fcjfioiial^ figned Clericus, Auguft 17, 1771 ; another, with the fame Sigriature and on the fame Subjeft, September 19, 1771 ; a Modcil Propofal, humbly offered to the Confideration of the Legiflature, printed on a Folio Sheet without Signature or Date i the Papers figned Z in the Olla Podrida, a periodical ;^'ublication, conduded by Mr. Monro, then A. B. and Demy of Magdalen College, and printed at Oxford in 1787 ; fince reprinted (178B) in an 8vo Volume; and the Cautions to the Readers of Mr. Law, together with the Specimens of Poetry, and Thoughts on various Subjetls, fubjoined to thefe Me- moirs of the Bilhop's Life, Studies, and Writings. This Catalogue is as exad as we can make it ; but we know that the Bilhop publiihed fome other detached Pieces, of which we cannot yet give an accurate Account. FINIS. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. I NUV QllMi 1 NOV 01 1982 i Nov REC U L I WO 5 ;-uRL 1992 : 1S92 5133 I'emoirs of the H78m life^ studies ^ and writings