** "^^^ 
 
 ^
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 #At
 
 _/
 
 George Horive, D.D. 
 
 ]'/,/,//>/ N^,-riJ. ,y,t3.fiy (r.<r..<-./. /,\,/,,.fr,, /A,;,..^/rr 7{: _
 
 MEMOIRS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 LIFE, STUDIES, and WRITINGS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 RIGHT REVEREND 
 
 GEORGE HORNE, D. D. 
 
 LATE LORD BISHOP OF NORWICH. 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDEO 
 
 HIS LORDSHIP'S OWNi:OLLECTION OF HIS 
 
 THOUGHTS 
 
 ON A VARIETY OF 
 
 GREAT AND INTERESTING SUBJECTS. 
 
 By WILLIAM JONES, M.A. F. R, S. 
 
 ONE OF HIS LORDSHIP'S CHAPLAINS. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PRINTED FOR G. G. AND J. ROBINSON, F. AND C. RIVINGTON, 
 
 T. CADELL, JUN. AND W. DAVIES 3 J. COOKE, OXFORD j 
 
 AND W. KEYMER, JUN. COLCHESTER. 
 
 1795.
 
 3X 
 S/23 
 
 CONTENTS OP, THE LIFE, &c. 
 
 Prefatory Epjiu to mwam stevms, E/q^ 
 
 p. I. Dr. Home, his Birth, 15. Character of his 
 Father, ibid, et 17. Letter on the Death of his 
 younger Brother, 16. His Tuition under his Father, 
 1 7 is placed at Maidjione School, ibid. his uncom- 
 mon Proficiency in School-Learning, 18. Anecdote of 
 a near Relation, ibid. Ts elected Scholar of Univerjity 
 College, 1 9 takes his Bachelor s Degree, and is chofen 
 Fellow of Magdalen College, lo-^is ordained, 76. 
 Tejlimony to his CharaBer as a Preacher, 77. His 
 Opinion concerning the Duties of a Preacher, 136. 
 His Ohfervations on the Compofttion of Sermons, ibid. 
 His Plan of Preaching, 133. His Studies, 19, 20, 2,1, 
 3O5 58, 73, 175. His Friends, 19, 22, 40, 165. His 
 CharaBer at College, and in the Univerjity, 1, 10, 78, 
 164. His charitable Vi/its to a condemned Criminal, 
 78. His Cotitroverjy with Dr, Kennicott, 95 their 
 Friend/hip for each other, 97. His Opinion of Dr, 
 Kemticotfs Work, 98. Impofition of Dumay, 10 1. 
 Dumays extraordinary CharaBer, 102. Is eleBed 
 ProBor, 164. Tejlimony to his CharaBer on laying 
 4own his Office, ibid. is chofen Vice-Chancellor, 122, 
 166 is appointed Prejident of Magdalen College, 16^ 
 Dean of Canterbury, 166 BiJJj op of Norwich, 169. 
 Mr. John IVeJley^s Circuit in the Diocefe of Norwich, 
 1 54 fome Account of him, 1 6o.rDr. H.'s IFiJhfor the 
 Succefs of the Application to Parliament from the B'Jljops 
 of the Church of Scotlandy 146 his Sentiments concern- 
 
 853aiiB
 
 CONTENTS OF the LIFE, &c. 
 
 ivg the B'ljhops of that Church, i^o concerning the 
 Ctmrch itfeJf 1 46, 1 5 1 . j^ccount of that Churchy 
 147. His Marriage^ 166 Family , 15 ct feq. 166, 
 His Letters, 17, 192, 194. Account of his Writ- 
 ings, viz. Corfideratio7is on the Life of St. John the 
 Bapti/l, 4, 1 1 6. Sermon on Fc?naJe CharaBer, 4. On 
 Second Advent, 77. Apology, 87 et feq. State of 
 the Cafe, 39 et feq. Letter to Adam Smith, 123, 
 132. Letter to Dr, Fricftley, 132. His Opinion con- 
 cerning Dr. Frieflky as a Scholar, 143. His Letters 
 071 Irftdelity, 124, 128, 132. His Servians on the < 
 sXtlr to the Hebrews, 119. His Commentary oti the 
 PfaJms, 109, III, 120, III. Character of that 
 JFork, 1 22. His Ferfon, 1 62 his Difpofition, 11, 17, 
 61, 167 his Beneficence, 167. Vindication of his 
 Char a tier againfl the Charge of Enthufiafm, 182. 
 Vie^LV of his Fhihfophy, 175. LTis Death, 172. In- 
 fcription to his Memory, iy2>' Mrs. Salmoris Letter 
 on his Death, 197. Llis Foetry, Specimens of, 111 { 
 feq. His Cautions to the Readers of Mr. Law, 198.- 
 Letter to a Lady on Jacob Behmens Writings, 205. 
 His Thoughts on feveral great and inter efting Subjects y 
 Q.'^^ et feq. Chronological Cat ahgue of his Writings^ 
 414 et feq. 
 
 A PRE-
 
 PREFATORY EPISTLE 
 
 T O 
 
 WILLIAM STEVENS, Efq. 
 
 MY DEAR FRIEND, 
 
 X HE works of the late Bifliop Home are m 
 many hands, and will be in many more. No 
 reader of any judgment can proceed far into 
 them, without difcovering, that the author was 
 a perfon of eminence for his learning, eloquence, 
 and piety ; with as much wit, and force of ex- 
 preflion, as were confiftent with a temper fo much 
 corrected and fweetened by devotion. 
 
 To all thofe who are pleafed and edified by his 
 writings, fome account of his life and converfation 
 will be interefting. They will naturally wifh to 
 hear what pafled between fuch a man and the 
 world in which he lived. You and I, who knew 
 him fo well and loved him fo much, may be 
 A fufpeded
 
 ( li ) 
 
 fufpeded of partiality to his memory ; but we 
 have unexceptionable teftimony to the greatnefs 
 and importance of his charad:er. While we were 
 under the firft impreflions of our grief for the lofs 
 of him, a perfon of high diftind:ion, who was 
 intimate with him for many years, declared to 
 you and to mc, that he verily believed him to 
 have been the bejl man he ever knew. Soon after 
 the late Earl of Guildford was made Chancellor of 
 the Univerfity of Oxford, another great man, 
 who was allowed to be an excellent judge of the 
 weight and wit of converfation, recommended Dr. 
 Home, who was then vice-chancellor, to him in 
 the following terms : " My Lord, I queflion 
 whether you know your vice-chancellor fo well 
 as you ought. When you are next at Oxford, 
 go and dine with him ; and when you have 
 done this once, I need not afk you to do it again ; 
 you will find him the pleafanteft man you ever 
 met with." And fo his lordfhip feemed to think 
 (who was himfelf as pleafant a man as moft in 
 the kingdom) from the attention he paid to him 
 ever after. I have heard it obferved of him by 
 another gentleman, who never was fufpeded of 
 a want of judgment, that if fome friend had fol- 
 lowed him about with k pen and ink, to note 
 down his fayings and obfervations, they might 
 
 have
 
 ( i" ) 
 
 have furniflied out a colledion like that which 
 Mr. Bofwell has given to the public ; but fre- 
 quently of a fuperlor quality ; becaufe the fubjeds 
 which fell in his way were occafionally of an 
 higher nature, out of which more improvement 
 would arife to thofe that heard him : and it is 
 now much to be lamented, that fo many of them 
 have run to wafte*. 
 
 An allufion to the life of Dr. Johnfon, reminds 
 me how much it was wdlhed, and by Dr. Home 
 in particular, who well knew and highly valued 
 him, that Johnfon would have diredled the force 
 of his underftanding againft that modern paper- 
 building of philofophical infidelity, which is 
 founded in pride and ignorance, and fupported 
 by fenfuality and ridicule. A great perfonage 
 was of opinion, that Johnfon fo employed would 
 have borne them down with the w^eight of his 
 language : and he is reported to have exprefled 
 the fentiment with fmgular felicity to a certain 
 perfon, when, the mifchievous writings of Vol- 
 taire were brought into queftion ; " 1 wifh John- 
 fon would mount his dray-horfe, and ride over 
 fome of thofe fellows." Againft thofe fellows 
 
 A colledion of his thoughts on various fubjeds is preferved 
 in a-xnanufcript, written with his own hand. 
 
 A 2 Dr*
 
 ( !^ ) 
 
 Dr. Home employed much of his time, and fome 
 of the moft ufeful of his talents : not mounted 
 upon a dray-horfe, to overbear them ; but upon 
 a light courier, to hunt them fairly down ; with 
 fuch eafy arguments, and pleafant reflexions, as 
 render them completely abfurd and ridiculous : 
 an account of which will come before us in the 
 proper place. His Conftderat'ions on the Life 
 mid Death of Johfi the Baptijl^ and his fermon, 
 preached in St. Sepulchre's church at London, 
 for the benefit of a charity fchool for girls, on 
 the Female CharaEler^ feem to me, above all the 
 reft of his compofitions, to mark the peculiar 
 temper of his mind, and the direction of his 
 thoughts. When I read his book on fohn the 
 Baptiji^ I am perfuaded, there was no other man 
 of his time, whofe fancy as a writer was bright 
 enough, whofe fkill as an interpreter was deep 
 enough, and whofe heart, as a moralift, was pure 
 enough, to have made him the author of that 
 little work. His Female Chara&cr, as it ftands 
 in the fermon above-mentioned, now printed in 
 his fourth volume, difplays fo much judgment in 
 difcriminating, fuch gentle benevolence of heart, 
 and fo much of the elegance of a poliflied under- 
 ftandlng, in defcribing and doing juftice to the 
 fex J that every fenfible and virtuous woman, 
 
 who
 
 ( V ) 
 
 \vho fliall read and confider that fingular dif- 
 courfe, will blefs his memory to the end of the 
 world. 
 
 While we fpeak of thofe WTitings which are 
 known to the public, you and I cannot forget 
 his readinefs and excellence in %vriting letters ; 
 in which employment he always took delight 
 from his earlieft youth ; and never failed to en- 
 tertain or inftru6t his correfpondents. His mind 
 had fo much to communicate, and his words 
 were fo natural and lively, that I rank fome of 
 his letters among the moft valuable produdions 
 of the kind. I have therefore reafon to rejoice, 
 that amidft all my interruptions and removals, 
 I have preferved more than a hundred of them ; 
 in reviewing of which, I find many obfervations 
 on fubjedls of Religion, Learning, Politics, Man- 
 ners, &c. w^hich are equally inftrudtive and en- 
 tertaining ; and would certainly be fo erteemed 
 if they were communicated to the world ; at 
 leaft, to the better part of it : for there were very 
 few occurrences or tranfad:ions of any importance, 
 either in the church, or the Rate, or the literary 
 world, that efcaped his obfervation ; and in 
 feveral of them he took an adive .part. But in 
 familiar letters, not intended for the public eye 
 (as none of his ever were), and fuggefted by the 
 
 A 3 incidents
 
 ( vi ) 
 
 incidents of the time , fome of them trivial and 
 domeftic, there will be of courfe many paiTages 
 of lefs dignity than will entitle them to publication. 
 Yet, upon the whole, I am fatisfied that a very 
 Vifeful feledion might be made out of them ; and 
 I will not defpair of making it myfelf at fomq 
 future opportunityt. 
 
 From an early acquaintance with Grck and 
 Latin authors, and the gift of a lively imagina- 
 tion, he addided himfelf to Poetry ; and fome 
 of his produdions have been defervedly admired. 
 But his ftudies were fo foon turned from the 
 treafures of claffical wit to the fources of chriftian 
 wifdom, that all his Poetry is either upon facred 
 fubjeds, or upon a common fubjed; applied to 
 fome facred ufe : fo that a pious reader will be 
 fure to gain fomething by every poetical effort 
 of his mind. And let me not omit another re- 
 markable trait of his charader. You can be a, 
 witnefs with me, and fo could many others who 
 were ufed to his company, that few fouls were 
 
 f In the Gentleman's Magazine for Auguft 1703, p. 688, 
 I threw out a letter of Bifliop Home, as a fpecimen both of 
 the flyle and of the ufual fubjedls of his epiftolary writings. 
 It was the firfl that came to hand on opening a large parcel 
 of them : and I may leave every reader to judge whether that 
 letter be not curious and important. Compared with the 
 prefent times, it fcems prophetical. 
 
 ever
 
 ( vii ) 
 
 ever more fufceptlble than his of the charms of 
 mufic, efpecially the facred mufic of the church ; 
 at the hearing of whicli, his countenance was 
 illuminated ; as if he had been favoured with 
 impreffions beyond thofe of other men ; as if 
 heavenly vifion had been fupcradded to earthly 
 devotion. He therefore accounted it a peculiar 
 happinefs of his life, that from the age of twenty 
 years, he was conftantly gratified with the fervice 
 of a choir; at Magdalen fcollege, at Canterbury, 
 and at Norwich. His lot was caft by providence 
 amidft the fweets of cloyftered retirement, and the 
 daily ufe of divine harmony ; for the enjoyment 
 of both which he was framed by nature, and 
 formed by a religious education. Upon the 
 whole, I never knew a perfon, in whom thofe 
 beautiful lines of Milton"^, of which he was a 
 great admirer, were more exadly verified : 
 
 But let my due feet never fail 
 To walk the fludious cloyfter's pale ; 
 And love the high embowered roof 
 With antique pillars mafly proof; 
 And ftoried windows richly <light, 
 Cafting a dim religious light. 
 There let the pealing organ blow, 
 To the full voiced quire below ; 
 
 * In the ;/ Pctiferojh. 
 
 A 4 In
 
 ( ^iii ) 
 
 In fervlce high, and anthems clear, "* 
 
 As may, with fvveetnefs through mine ear, 
 Diflblve me into extacies. 
 And bring all hea.ven before my eyes. 
 
 You who are fo perfedly acquainted with the 
 difcourfe delivered at Canterbury, 1784, when 
 the new organ was opened in the great church, 
 may guefs how refined his raptures were : by 
 what he has there faid, it may be known what 
 he felt. And I can aflfure you farther, he was fo 
 earned in this fubjed, that he took the pains to 
 extrad:, in his own hand writing, all the matter 
 that is moft obfervable and ufeful in the five 
 quarto volumes of Sir John Hawkins upon mu- 
 fic. I find among his papers this curious abridg- 
 ment, which is made with critical tafte and dif- 
 cernment. 
 
 But his greateft afFedion being to the fcience 
 of divinity, he would there of confequence make 
 the greateft improvements ; and there the world 
 will find themfelves moft obliged to him. No 
 confiderable progrefs, no improvement in any 
 fcience, can be expeiSted, unlefs it be beloved 
 for its own fake. How this can happen in di- 
 vinity, all men may not be able to fee : but it is 
 pofilble for the eye of the underftanding to be as 
 truly delighted with a fight of the divine wifdom
 
 ( ) 
 
 in the great oeconomy of redemption and reve- 
 lation ; as for the eye of the aftronomer to take 
 pleafure in obferving the lights of heaven, or the 
 naturalift in exploring and colleding, perhaps at 
 the hazard of his life, the treafures of the na- 
 tural creation. What I here fay will be beft un- 
 derftood by thofe, who know what affe(ftion, 
 what animation, is found in the firft writers of 
 the chriftian church ; with what delight they 
 dwell upon the wonders of the chriftian plan^ 
 and comment upon the peculiar wifdom of the 
 word of God. To the beft writers of the beft 
 ages he put himfelf to fchool very early, and 
 profited by them fo much, that I hope no in- 
 juftice will be done to their memory, if I think 
 he has in fome refpe<Sts improved upon his teach- 
 ers. 
 
 A man with fuch talents and fuch a temper, 
 muft have been generally beloved and admired ; 
 which he was almoft univerfally ; the exceptions 
 being fo few, as would barely fuffice to exempt 
 him from that woe of the Gofpel, which is pro- 
 nounced againft the favourites of the world. But 
 his undifguifed attachment to the dolrines of 
 the Church of England, which are ftill, and, we 
 hope, ever will be, of the Qldfajh'wn^ would ne- 
 
 ceflarily
 
 ( '^ ) 
 
 ceflarily cxpofe him to the unmannerly cenfures 
 of fome, and the frigid- commendations of others j ' 
 which are fometimes of worfe effecSt than opea 
 fcandal. But he never appeared to be hurt by 
 any thing of this fort that happened to him. An 
 anonymous pamphlet, which the public gave to 
 the late Dr. Kennicott, attacked him very feverely; 
 and foon received an anfwer from him ; which, 
 though very clofe and ftrong, was the anfwer 
 of a wife and temperate man. He alfo, in his 
 turn, not forefeeing fo much benefit to the 
 Scriptures, as fome others did, from Dr. Kenni- 
 cott's plan for colkting Hebrew manufcripts, and 
 correding the Hebrew text, wrote againft that 
 undertaking ; expreffing his objections and fuf- 
 picions, and giving his name to the world, with- 
 out any fear or referve. But fo it came to pafs, 
 from the moderation and farther experience of 
 both the parties, that though their acquaintance 
 began in hoftility, they at length contraded a 
 friendfhip for each other, which brought on an 
 interchange of every kind office between them, 
 and lafted to the end of their lives, and is now 
 fubfifting between their families. To all men 
 of learning, who mean well to the caufc of Truth 
 and Piety, while they are warmly oppofmg one 
 
 another,
 
 ( xl ) 
 
 another, may their example be a lafting admo- 
 nition ; but let not this obfervation be carried 
 farther than it will go ; 
 
 -Non ut 
 
 Serpentes avibus geminentur, tlgribus agni. 
 
 In his intercourfe with his own family, while 
 the treafures of his mind afforded them fome 
 daily opportunities of improvement, the fweet- 
 nefs of his humour was a perennial fountain of 
 entertainment to them. He had the rare and 
 happy talent of difarming all the little vexatious 
 incidents of life of their power to moleft, by 
 giving fome unexpeded turn to them. And 
 occurrences of a more ferious nature, even fome 
 of a frightful afped, were treated by him with 
 the like eafe and pleafantry; of which I could 
 give fome remarkable inftances. 
 
 Surely, the life of fuch a man as this ought 
 not to be forgotten. You and I, who faw and 
 heard fo much of it, fliall, I truft, never recolle(3: 
 it without being the better for it : and if we 
 can fucceed in fliewing it fo truly to the world, 
 that they alfo may be the better for it, we Ihall 
 do them an acceptable fervice. I have heard it 
 faid, and I was a little difcouraged by it, that 
 
 Dr.
 
 ( xn ) 
 
 Dr. Home was a perfon, whofe life was not pro- 
 dudlve of events confiderable enough to fur- 
 ni{h matter for a hiftory. But they who judge 
 thus, have taken but a fuperficial view of human 
 life ; and do not rightly meafure the importance 
 of the different events which happen to differ- 
 ent fons of men. Dr. Home, I mufl allow, was 
 no circumnavigator: he failed neither with 
 Drake, Anfon, nor Cooke ; but he was a man, 
 "whofe mind furveyed the intelledual world, and 
 brought home from thence many excellent ob- 
 fervations for the benefit of his native country. 
 He was no military commander ; he took no 
 cities ; he conquered no countries ; but he fpent 
 liis life in fubduing his paflions, and in teaching 
 us how to do the fame. He fought no battles 
 by land or by fea ; but he oppofed the enemies 
 of God and his Truth, and obtained fome vic- 
 tories which are wonhy to be recorded. He 
 was no prime Minifter to any earthly potentate; 
 but he was a Minifler to the King of Heaven 
 and Earth : an office at leaft as ufeful to man- 
 kind, and in the adminiftration of which no 
 Minifter to any earthly King ever exceeded 
 him in zeal and fidelity. He made no fplen- 
 did difcoveries in natural hiflor}'; but he did 
 
 what
 
 ( xlii ) 
 
 what was better : he applied univerfal nature 
 to the improvement of the mind, and the il- 
 luftration of heavenly doctrines, I call thefe 
 events : not fuch as make a great noife and fig- 
 nify little; but fuch as are little celebrated, and 
 of great fignification. The fame difference is 
 found between Dr. Home and fome other men 
 who have been the fubjed: of hLftory, as between 
 the life of the bee, and that of the wafp or hor- 
 net. The latter may boaft of their encroach- 
 ments and depredations, and value themfelves 
 on being a plague and a terror to mankind. 
 But let it rather be my amufement to follow and 
 obferve the motions of the bee. Her journeys 
 are always pleafant ; the objeds of her attention 
 are beautiful to the eye, and fhe paffes none of 
 them over without examining what is to be ex- 
 tracted from them : her workmanfhip is admir- 
 able ; her oeconomy is a lefTon of wifdom to the 
 world : fhe may be accounted little among them 
 that Jly\ but the fruit of her labour is the chief 
 offweet things 
 
 You know, fir, what interruptions my life 
 has been fubjet to for thirty years paft, and 
 there is fome tender ground before us, on which 
 I am to tread as lightly as truth, will permit ; 
 
 you
 
 ( Xl^ ) 
 
 you will pardon me therefore if my progrefs 
 hath not been fo quick as you could have 
 wifhed ; and believe me to be, as I have long 
 been, 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Your moft affedionate and 
 
 Obliged humble fervant, 
 
 WILLIAM JONES. 
 
 BOOK
 
 THE 
 
 LIFE AND WRITINGS 
 
 OF 
 
 Dr, HORNE, &c. 
 
 DOCTOR George Home, late Bifhop of Nor- 
 wich, and for feveral years Prelident of Mag- 
 dalen College in Oxford, and Dean of Canterbury, 
 was born at Otham, a fmall village near Maidflone 
 in Kent, on the firll of November, in the year 1730. 
 His father was the Reverend Samuel Home, M. A. 
 re6lor of Otham, a very learned and refpe6^able cler- 
 gyman, who for fome years had been a tutor at Ox- 
 ford. This gentleman had fo determined with him- 
 felf, to preferve the integrity of his mind againll all 
 temptations from worldly advantage, that he was 
 heard to fay, and ufed often to repeat it, he had 
 rather be a toad-eater to a mountebank, than flatter 
 any great man againll his confcience. To this he 
 
 adhered
 
 i6 THE LIFE 1^ 
 
 adhered through the whole courfe of liis life ; a confi- 
 derablepart of which wasfpent in the education of his 
 children, and in a regular pei'formancc of all the duties 
 of his parifh. He married a daughter of Bowyef 
 Hendley, Efq. by whoni he had feven children, four 
 fous and three daughters. The eldeft fon died very 
 3'oung. The late Bifhop was the next. His younger 
 brother, Samuel, was a Fellow of Univerfity College ; 
 where he died, greatly refpecled and lamented. He 
 inherited the integrity of his father, and was an IJraelite 
 hideed, who never did or wifhed harm to any mortal. 
 Yet his character was by no means of the infipid kind: 
 He had much of the humour and fpirit of his elder 
 brother; had a like talent for preaching; and was 
 well attended to as often as he appeared in the Uni- 
 verfity pulpit. His death was announced to an 
 intimate friend by his elder brother in the following 
 fhort and pathetic letter : 
 
 My dear Friend, No date. 
 
 Lafl night, about half an hour palt eight, it pleafed 
 Grod to take from us by a violent fit of the flone in 
 the gall-bladder, my dear brother Sam. He received 
 the bleffcd facrament, with my mother and myfelf, 
 from the hands of Dr. Wethercll*; and full of faith, 
 with the mofl perfect refignation, departed in peace 
 with God, the world, and himfelf It is a heavy flroke 
 to my poor mother ; but Ihc and my fiflers bear up 
 
 * The prefent Mafter of Univerfity College, and Dean of Here- 
 ford, &c. 
 
 with
 
 Dr. HORNE* 17 
 
 with great fortitude. I have loll a very dear friend, 
 and pleafant companion ! Pray for us All join, in 
 every affedlionatc wifh for the happinefs of you and 
 yours, with G. H. 
 
 The youngelt brother, the Reverend William 
 Home, was educated at Magdalen Colledge in Ox- 
 ford, and is the prefent worthy re6lor of Otham, in 
 which hfc fucceeded his lather, as alfo in the more 
 valuable re6lor)^ of Brede in the county of Suilcx. 
 
 Mr/ Home, the father of the family, was of fo 
 mild and quiet a temper, that he ftudioufly avoided 
 giving trouble upon any occafion. This he carried 
 fo far, that when his fon George was an infant, 
 he ufed to awake him with playing upon a flute; 
 that the change from flceping to awaking might 
 be gradual and pleafant, and not produce an outcry ; 
 which frequently happens when children are awaken- 
 ed fuddenly. What imprcffion this early cuflom 
 of his father might make upon his temper, we can- 
 not fay : bu* certainly, he was remarkable, as he grew 
 up, for a tender feeling ofmulic, efpecially that of the 
 church. 
 
 Under his father's tuition, he led a pleafant life, 
 and made a rapid progrefs in Greek and Latin. But 
 Ibme well meaning friend, fearing he might be fpoilcd 
 by flaying fo long at home, advifed the fending of 
 him to fchool. To this his good father, who never 
 was given to make much refiftance, readily confented: 
 and h was accordingly placed in the fchool at Maid- 
 
 B Uone,
 
 i8 THELIFEOF 
 
 ftone, under the care of the Reverend Deodatus Bye, 
 a man of good principles, and well learned in Latin, 
 Greek and Hebrew ; who, when he had received his 
 new Icholar and examined him at the age of thirteen^, 
 was fo furprifed at his proficiency, that he allvcd hiro' 
 why he came to fchool, when he was rather fit to go- 
 from fchool ? With this gentleman he continued two- 
 years ; during which, he added much to his ftock of 
 learning, and among other things a little elementary 
 knowledge of the Hebrew, on the plan of Buxtorf^ 
 which was of great advantage to him afterwards. I 
 am a witnefs to the high refpc6l with which he 
 always fpoke of his mafter ; whom he had newly left, 
 when my acquaintance firfl commenced with him at 
 Univerfity College, to which he was fent when he was 
 but little more than fifteen years of age. When fer- 
 vants fpeak well of a mailer or miftrefs, we are fure 
 they are good fervants : and when a fcholar fpeaks 
 W'ell of his teacher, we may be as certain he is, in 
 every fenfe of the word, a good fcholar. 
 
 I cannot help recounting, upon this occafion, that 
 there was under the faid Deodatus Bye another fcholar 
 vcrj' nearly related to Mr. Home, of whom the mafter 
 was heard to fay, that he never did any thing which 
 he wiflied him not to have done. But when the lad 
 ^as told of this, he very honeftly obferved upon it, 
 that he had done many things which his mafter fie^'sr 
 beard of. He is now in an office of great refponfi- 
 bihly. They who placed him in it, fuppofcd him 
 
 fliU
 
 Dr. HORN E. i^ 
 
 frill to retain the honefty he brought with him from 
 Maidflone fchool ; and I never heai'd tliat he had 
 difappointed them. 
 
 While Mr. Home was at fchool, a Maidflone 
 fcholarfliip in Univeriity College became vacant ; in 
 his application for which he fuccecded, and, young a? 
 he was, the mailer recommended his going dire6lly 
 to College. 
 
 Soon after he was fettled at Univerfity College, 
 Mr. Hobfon, a good and learned tutor of the houfe, 
 gave out an cxercife, for a trial of fkill, to Mr. Home 
 and the prefent writer of his life, who was alfo in his 
 firft year. They were ordered to take a favourite Latin 
 ode of Boetius, and prefent it to the tutor in a different 
 Latin metre. This they both did as well as they 
 could : and the conteft, inftead of dividing, united 
 them ever after, and had alfo the efFc6l of infpiring 
 them with a love of the Lyric Poetry of that author; 
 which feems not to be fufficiently known among 
 fcholars, though beautiful in its kind. The whole 
 work was once in fuch efleem, that King Alfred, 
 the founder of Univerfity College, and of the Englilh 
 Conftitution, tranflated it. 
 
 His fludies, for a time, were in general the fame 
 with thofe of other ingenious young men ; and the 
 vivacity of his mind, wbich never was exceeded, and 
 made his converfation very defirable, introduced him 
 to many gentlemen of his own ftanding, who re- 
 fembled him in their 'learning and their manners, 
 particularly to Mr. Jcnkinfon (no v/ Lord Hawkeibury), 
 
 Ba Mr.
 
 to T H E L I F E O F 
 
 Mr. Moore (now Archbifhop of Canterbur}), Mr. 
 Cracherode, Mr. Benfon, the Honourable Hamilton 
 Boyle, fon of Lord Orrery, the kte Reverend Jafper 
 Selwin, and many others. Mr. Denny Martin (now 
 Dr. Fairfax, of Leeds Caftle, in Kent) was from the 
 fame fchool with Mr. Home ; and has always been 
 very nearly connetSted with htm, as a companion of 
 his (Indies, a lover of his virtues, and an admirer of 
 his writings. 
 
 To fhew how high Mr. Hornets character ftood with 
 all the members of his College, old and young, I need 
 only n^entron the following fa6l. It happened about 
 the time when he took his Bachelor's Degree, that a 
 Kentifh Fellowfhip became vacant at Magdalen Col- 
 lege ; and there was, at that time, no IchoTar of the 
 houfe who was upon the county. The Senior Fel- 
 low of Univerfity College, having heard of this, faid 
 nothing of it to Mr. Home, but went down to Mag- 
 dalen College, told them what an extraordinar}' young 
 man they might find in Univerfity College, and gave 
 him fuch a recommendation as difpofed the fbciety 
 to accept of him. When the day of eIec9:ion came, 
 they fcjund him (iich a*^ he had been rcprefcntcd, and 
 much more, and accordingly made him a Fellow of 
 Magdalen College. 
 
 If we look back upon our pad lives, it will generally 
 be found, that the leading fa6ts, which gave a direc- 
 tion to all thiit followetl, were not according to our 
 own choice or knowledge, but from the hand of an 
 over-ruling providence;, which a(^ts without confulting 
 
 us ;
 
 Dr. HORNE. i 
 
 us ; putting us into (ituations, which are either bell 
 for ourfelves, or bcfl for the world, or beft for both ; 
 and leading us, as it led the Patriarch Abraham ; of 
 whom we are told, that he hnnv not "uohither be ivas 
 going. This was plainly the calc in Mr. Home's 
 elciftion to Magdalen College. A perfon took up 
 the matter, unfolicited and in fecret : he fucceeded. 
 When Fellow, his character and conduct gave him 
 favour with the fociety, and when Dr. Jenner died, 
 they eledled him Preiident : the hcadfliip of the 
 College introduced him to the office of Vice-chan- 
 cellor : which at length made him as well known to 
 Lord North, as to Lord Hawkefbury : this led to the 
 Peanry of Canterbury, and that to the Bifhopric of 
 Norwich. 
 
 If we return uo\y to the account of his lludies, we 
 jQiall there find fomething elfe falling in his way which 
 he never fought after, and attended with a train of 
 very important confequenccs. While he was deeply 
 engaged in purfuit of Oratory, Poetry, Philofophy, 
 Hiltory, and was making himfelfwcll acquainted with 
 the Greek Tragedians, of which he was become a 
 great admirer, an accident, of which I fliall relate the 
 account as plainly and faithfully as I can, without dif- 
 guifiug or diminithing, drew him into a new fituation 
 in refpecl of his mind, and gave a new turn to his 
 fludies, before he had anived at his Bachelor's degree. 
 I may indeed fay of this, that it certainly gave much 
 of the colour which bis chara(5ler aflumed from that 
 timej and opened the way to mofl of his undertakings 
 
 B 3 and
 
 ist THE LIFE OF 
 
 and publications ; as he himfelf would witnefs if he 
 were now alive. 
 
 It is known to the public, that he came very early 
 upon the llage as an author, though an anonymous 
 one, and brought himfelf into fomc difficulty under 
 the denomination of an Hutchinfonian ; for this was 
 the name given to thofe gentlemen who Hudicd He- 
 brev/ and examined the writings of John Hutchinfon 
 Efq. the famous Mofaic Philofopher, and became 
 inclined to favour his opinions in Theology and Phi- 
 lofophy. 
 
 About the time I am fpeaking of, there were many 
 good and learned m-: ; of both Univerfities, but chiefly 
 in and of the Univcriity of Oxford, who, from the 
 reprefentation given to the public, fome years before, 
 by the Right Honourable Duncan Forbes, then Lord 
 Prefident of the Court of Seffion in Scotland ; and 
 from a new and more promiling method of fludying 
 the Hebrew language, independent of Jewifh error ; 
 and from a flattering profpedl alfo of many other ad- 
 \'antages to the general interefls of religion and learn- 
 ing, were become zealous advocates in favour of the 
 riew fcheme of Mr. Hutchinfon. Mr. Home was led 
 into this enquiry, partly by an accident which had 
 happened to myfelf. 
 
 An attachment to fome friends, then well known 
 in the Univerfity for their iibilities in mufic, of whom, 
 the principal were, Mr. Phocion Henley of Wadham 
 College, Mr. Pixel of Queen's, and Mr. Short of 
 Worcelier,drew mc ofcen to Wadham College; which 
 
 I focicty
 
 Dr. HORNE. a? 
 
 Ibciety has two Hebrew fcholai-lhlps, on one of which 
 there was a gentleman, a Mr. Catcott of Briftol, 
 whofe father, as I afterwards underftoocl, was one of 
 thofc authors who firfl: difthigiiiflied theitifclves as 
 writers on the fide of Mr. Hutchinfon, who poflefTed 
 a very eurious collection of foffils, fome of which he 
 had digged and fcratched out of the earth with his own 
 hands at the hazard of his life ; a pit near Wadham 
 College, which would have buried him, having fallen 
 in very foon after he was out of it. This collection* 
 
 * It is now depofited in llie public library at Briftol, to the cor- 
 poration of which city he left that and his MSS. on a principle of 
 gratitude for the prefernient they had given him ; and there I faw it 
 in the year 1790, with many large and valuable additions. 
 
 Of the colleftor it may be truly faid, that he was not only an 
 Hebraan in his learning, but an Ifraeliie in life and manners ; to 
 whofe induftry we owe a Treatife on the Deluge, which, when com- 
 pared with many others, will be found to give the befl. and moft 
 curious information upon the fubjecl. This good and innocent 
 man, whofe heart was well affeftcd to all mankind, died before his 
 time; and the manner of his death, if it has been truly reported, 
 will raife the indignation of every fenfible and charitable mind. He 
 kept his bed with a bad fever ; and when reft was neceffai-y, he was 
 diiturbed by the continual barking of a dog that was chained up near 
 at hand. When his friends fent a civil meflage defiring the dog 
 might be removed till the patient was better, it was refufed ; and 
 in the event, he was fairly barked to death. If this faci be true, 
 how cheap are the lives and fufferings of fome men in the eftimation 
 of others ! Hercuk! hom'w'i plur'tma ex kom'mefunt mala I for the dog 
 intended no harm. Of this gentleman himfelf, we are informed by 
 one of his intimate friends, that when he fettled his account at the 
 vear's end, he confidered all the money that remained after his own 
 debts were paid as the property not of himfelf but of the poor, ta 
 whofe ufe he never failed to apply it. 
 
 B 4 I was
 
 a4 THELIFEOF 
 
 I was invited to fee, and readily accepted the in- 
 vitation, out of a general ciiriofity, without any par^- 
 ticular knowledge of the fubjc6l. This gentleman, 
 perceiving my attention to be much engaged by the 
 novelty and curiolity of what he exhibited, threw out 
 fo manyhints about things of which I had never heard, 
 that I requefted the favour of fome farther converfation 
 with him on a future occafion. One conference 
 followed another, till I favv a new field of learning 
 opened, particularly in the department of Natural 
 Hiftory, which promifed me fo much information and 
 entertainment, that I fell very foon into the fame way 
 of reading. Dr. Woodward the phyfician, who had 
 been a fellow labourer with Ilutchinfon, and followed 
 very nearly the fame principles, had made the Natural 
 Hiflory of the Earth, and the diluvium origination of 
 extraneous foffils, fo agreeable and fo intelligible, that 
 I was captivated by his writings : and from them I 
 went to others ; taking what I found^ with a tafte and 
 appetite, which could not, at that time, make fuch 
 diftindlions as I may have been able to make fince. In 
 the (implicity of my heart, I communicated fome of 
 the novelties, with which my mind was now filled, 
 to my dear and conftant companion Mr. Home, from 
 whom I fcldom concealed any thing ; but found him 
 very little inclined toconfidcr them; and I had the 
 mortification to fee, that I was rather lofing ground 
 in his eftimation. Our ColIcge-Le6lurcs on Geome- 
 try and Natural Philofophy (which were not very deep) 
 wc had gone through with fome attention, and thought 
 
 ourfelves
 
 pR. HORNE. 25 
 
 ourfelves qualified to fpeak up for the Philofopliy of 
 Newton. It was therefore fliocking to hear, that 
 attraction was no phyjical pinciple, and that a vacuum 
 never had been, and never would be, detnonjlrated. 
 Here therefore Mr. Home inliiled, that if Sir I. 
 Newton's Philofophy fhould be falfe in thefe principles, 
 no Philofophy would ever be true. How it was ob- 
 jedled to, and how it was defended, I do not now ex- 
 actly remember ; I fear, not with any profound Ikill 
 on either fide ; but this I well recolle6i, that our dif- 
 putes, which happened at a pleafant feafon of the year, 
 kept us walking to and fro in the Quadrangle till pall 
 midnight. As I got more information for myfelf, I 
 gained more upon my companion : but I have no 
 title to the merit of forming him into what he after- 
 wards proved to be. 
 
 In the lame College with us, there lived a very 
 extraordinary perfon. He was a clallical fcholar of 
 the firft rate, from a public fchool, remarkable for an 
 unufual degree of tafte and judgment in Poetry and 
 Oratory ; his pei-fon was elegant and ftriking, and 
 his countenance exprcfle<:l at once both the gentlenels 
 of his temper and the quicknefs of his underflanding. 
 His manners and addrefs were thofe of a perfect gen- 
 tleman : his common talk, though eafy and fluent, 
 had the corredlnefs of fludied compofition : his be- 
 nevolence was fo great, that all the beggars in Oxford 
 knew the way to his chamber-door : upon the whole, 
 his character was fo fpotlefs, and his condu6l fo ex- 
 emplary, that, mild and gentle as he was in his car- 
 riage
 
 jfr THE LIFE OF 
 
 riage toward them-, no young man dared to be rude in* 
 his company. By many of the firfl people in the 
 Univerfity he was known and admired : and it being 
 my fortune to Hve in the fame ftaircafc with him, he 
 was very kind and attentive to mc, though I was much 
 his junior : he often allowed me the pleafure of his 
 converfation, and fometimes gave me the benefit of 
 his advice, of which I knew the meaning to be 
 fo good, that I always heard it with refpedt, and fol- 
 lowed it as well as I could. This gentleman, with 
 all his other qualifications, was a Hebrew fcholar, 
 and a favourer of Mr. Hutchinfon's Philofophy ; but 
 had kept it to himfelf, in the fpirit of Nicodemus ; and 
 when I alked him the reafon of it afterwards, and 
 complained of the referve with which he had fo long 
 treated me in thisrefpeCt ; " Why," faid he, " tlicfe 
 things are in no repute ; the world docs not receive 
 <hem ; and you being a young man, whomuft keep 
 what friends you have, and make your fortune in the 
 world, I thought it better to let you go on in your 
 own way, than bring you into that embaiTallincnt 
 which might be producSlive of more harm than good, 
 and embitter the future courfc of vour life : bciidcs, 
 it was far from being clear to me, how you would re- 
 ceive them : and then I might have loft your friend- 
 ihip." It was now too late for fuch a rcmonftrance 
 to have any effect ; I therefore, on the contrary, 
 j)revailed upon him to become mv matter in Hebrew, 
 which I was very dclirous to Icarn : and in this he 
 acquitted himfelf with {o much Ikill and kindattention^ 
 
 writing
 
 Dr. HORNE. 27 
 
 writing out for me wnth his mvn hand fuch gram- 
 matical rules and diredtions as he judged neceflary, 
 that in a very fhort time I could go on without my 
 guide. T remember however, that I had nearly worked 
 myfclf to death, by determining, like Duns Seotus in 
 the Piclure-Gallery, to go throiigh a whole chapter 
 in the Hebrew before night. 
 
 To this gentleman, whofe name was George Watlbn, 
 I recommended Mr. Home at my departure from Ox- 
 ford ; and they were fo well pleafed v,ith each other, 
 that Mr. Home, inftead of going home to his friends 
 in the vacation, flayed for the advantage of following 
 his fl:udies at Oxford, under the dire6lion of his new 
 teacher : and in the autumn of the year 1 749, he be^ 
 gan a Series of Letters to his Father, which fill above 
 thirty pages in large quarto, very clofely written ; 
 from the whole tenor of which, it is pleafant to fee, 
 how entire a friendfhip and confidence there was be- 
 tween a grave and learned father, and a ton, not yet 
 twenty years of age ! Of thefe Letters, though they 
 are by no means corre(?t enough, either for ftyle or 
 judgment, to ftand the tcfl of feverc criticifm, it is 
 highly proper I fhould give fome account ; to fhew 
 what thofe opinions were, which had now got poflef^ 
 lion of his mind ; intermixing with my abflra6l fuch 
 notes and explanations as fliall feem requifite for a 
 better underftanding of it. 
 
 Having lirit apologized to his father, for not vifiting 
 him in the vacation, he gives him an account of his 
 teacher. " I am obliged for the happinefs I have 
 
 enjoyed
 
 8 THELIfEOF 
 
 enjoyed Qf late to a gentleman of this fociety, and Ihall 
 xilways blefs God that his providence ever brought me 
 acquainted with him. He is a Fellow of our houfe; 
 and though but lix-and-twcnty, as complete afchobr 
 in the whole circle of learning, as great a divine, as 
 good a man, and as polite a gentleman, astheprefent 
 age can boaft of" Thefc words of Mr. Home I in- 
 troduce with peculiar fatisfa6lion ; becaufe they afford 
 fo ftrong a concurring teflimony to the truth of what 
 I have already ventured to fay of Mr. Watfon, Thjs 
 excellent man never publilhed any large work, and 
 will be known to pofterity only by fome occafional 
 pieces which he printed in his life-time. His Sermon 
 on the 19th Pfalm, which he preached before the 
 Univerfity, and afterwards left the printing of it to 
 my care, fo delighted Mr. Home (as it appears from 
 .thefe Letters to his fidher) that it probably railpd in 
 his mind the lirft dciire of undertaking that Com- 
 mentary on the whole book of Pfalms, which he af- 
 terwards brought to fueh perfe6lion*- Mr. Watfon 
 publifhcd another Sermon on the Divine Appearance 
 in Gen. 18; which was turiouflv rtiot at bv thebulli- 
 lighters of that time in their Monthly Review ; in- 
 fomuch that the author thought it might be of fome 
 fervice to take up his pen and write them a letter ; 
 111 which their infolcncc is reproved with fuch fupe- 
 rlor dignity of mind and fcrenity of temper, and their 
 ignorance and error fo learnedly cxpofcd, that if I were 
 
 * This is the gentleman who is fpoken of in a Note to the Com- 
 ment on Pf. 19. 
 
 defirous
 
 Dr. HORN E. 29 
 
 dcfirous of fhcwing to any reader what Mr. Watfbil 
 was, and what thjr were, I would by all means put that 
 letter into his hand ; of which I fuppofe no copies are 
 now to be found, but in the pofTeffion of fome of his 
 furviving friends. It is however made mention of with 
 due honour by Dr. Delany, the celebrated Dean of 
 Down in Ireland, who was once the intimate friend 
 of Swift, and has given us the befl: account of his life 
 and charadter in his Obfcrvations in anfwer to Lord 
 Orrery. In a Preface to the third volume of hrs 
 Revelation examined with Candour, which he printed 
 at London very late in life, he fpeaks of a malignant 
 flyle of criticifm, in pra6lice at that time with the ob- 
 fcure and unknown authors of a Monthly Review; and 
 obferves upon the cafe, that " he muft feem at firfl fight 
 a rafh as well as a bold man, who would venture to wage 
 war at once with Billingfgate and Banditti. And 
 yet in truth," adds he, " fuch a war (defcnfive only) 
 hath been waged with them to great advantage, by a 
 gentleman, whofc mind and manners arc as remote 
 from illiberal fcurrility and abufe, as his adverfaries 
 appear to be from Icaming, from candour, and from 
 every charadler of true criticifm. Mr. Watfon, the 
 defendant here mentioned, hath, in return to their 
 fcurrility, anfwered and expofed them with flrong, 
 clear and irrefiftible reafbning, and fuch a meek calm 
 and Chrillian fpirit, as hath done honour to his own 
 chara6ler, and uncommon jullice to the Chriflian 
 caufe ; fuch as were fufficient to filence any thing 
 but effrontery, hardened in ignorance, to the end of 
 
 the
 
 so THELIFEOF* 
 
 the world." Mr. Watfon alfo printed a Sermon^ 
 preached before the Univerfity on the 29th of May, 
 which he callsan Admonition totheChurchof England. 
 In a long Preface to this Sermon, he has thrown out 
 fuch valuable obfervations, that an excellent Manual 
 might be formed out of them, for preferving the 
 members of the Church of England Heady in their 
 profeflion ; by (hewing to them, fo plainly as is here 
 done, the principal dangers to which they are now 
 expofed. Having faid thus much of his teacher (and 
 1 could with pleafure have faid much more), I muft 
 now fhew what he learned under him. 
 
 From the general account he gives of his ftudies, 
 he appears, in confequence of his intercourfe with Mr. 
 Watfon, to have been perfuaded, that the Syflem of 
 Divinity in the Holy Scripture is explained and at- 
 tefted by the fcriptural account of created nature ; 
 and that this account, including the Mofaic Cofmo- 
 gony, is true fo far as it goes : and that the Bible in 
 virtue of its originality is fitter to explain all the books 
 in the world than they are to explain it. That much 
 of the learning of the age was either unprofitable in 
 itfelf, or dangerous in its efFeft ; and that Literature, 
 fo far as it was a fafhion, was in general unfavourable 
 to Chriftianity, and to a right underflanding of the 
 Scripture. That the Jews had done much hurt in 
 the Hebrew ; not to the text by corrupting it, but by 
 leading us into their falfe way of interpreting and un- 
 derftanding it ; and that their Rabbinical writers were 
 therefore not to be taken as teachers by Chriftian 
 
 fcholars.
 
 Dr* HORNE. |t 
 
 fcliolars. That a fiction lately conceived of tlie Ma- 
 faic Law, as a mere civil or fecular inftitution, without 
 the do<5trincs of Hfc and iinniortality in it, was of per- 
 nicious tendency ; contrary to the fenle of all the pri- 
 mitive writers, and the avowed doctrine of the ChurcJi 
 of England. That the fciences of Metaphyfics and 
 Ethics had a near alliance to Deifm ; and that in con- 
 fequence of the authority they had obtained, the doc- 
 trine of our pulpits was in general fallen Ijclow the 
 Chriftian llandard ; and that the Saviour and the Re- 
 demption, without which our religion is nothings 
 were in a manner forgotten ; which had given toa 
 much occafion to the irregular teaching of the Taber- 
 nacle. That the fin of modern Dcifm is the fame in 
 kind with the fin of Paradife, which brought death 
 into the world ; becaufe it afpircs to divine wifdom, 
 that is, to the knowledge of divine things, and the dif- 
 tindlion between good and evil, independent of God. 
 
 He had learned farther, that the Hebrew language, 
 and the Hebrew antiquities, lead to a fuperior way of 
 imderftanding the mythology and writings of the 
 Heathen claiHcal authors : and that the Hebrew is a 
 language of ideas ; whofe terms for invifible and fpi- 
 ritual tilings are taken with great advantage from the 
 objects of nature ; and that there can be no other way 
 of conceiving fuch things, becaufe all our ideas enter 
 by the fenfes : whereas in all other languages, theae 
 are arbitrary founds without ideas. 
 
 It appeared to him farther, that unbelief and blaf- 
 phemy were gaining ground upon us, in virtue of 
 
 fome
 
 33t THE LIFE OF 
 
 fome popular miftakes in Natural Philofophy, Arid 
 threatened to banifh all religion out of the world. 
 Voltaire began very early to make his ufe of Philofophy, 
 and corrupt the world with it. He never was tit to 
 mount it ; but he walked by the fide of it, and ufcd 
 it as a llalking-horfe. It is therefore of great confe- 
 quence to fcholars to know, that as the heavens and 
 the elements of the world had been fet up by the 
 Heathens, as having power in themfelves ; and that 
 as the Heathens, building on this falfe foundation, 
 had loft the knowledge of God ; the modern do6lrine, 
 which gives innate powers to matter, as the followers 
 of Democritus and Epicurus did, would probably end 
 in Atheifm*. That the forces, which the modern 
 Philofophy ufes, are not the forces of nature; but that 
 the world is carried on by the action of the elements 
 on one another, and all under God. That it is no 
 better than raving, to give a6live powers to matter, 
 fuppofing it capable of a6ling where it is not, and to 
 affirm, at the fame time, that all matter is inert, that 
 is ina6Hve, and that even the Deity cannot a6l but 
 where he is pfcfcnt, bccaufe his power cannot be but 
 where hisfuhjiance is. 
 
 He was alfo convinced, that infinite mifchief had 
 been done, not only by the tribe of Deifts and Phi- 
 lofophcrs, but by fome of our moft celebrated divines, 
 in extolling the dignity of human nature and the wif- 
 dom of human rcafon ; l^olh of which the fcripture 
 
 * This hath now aftually come to pafs. 
 
 delivers
 
 D R. H O R N E* 33 
 
 aeliVefs to us under a very different character; which 
 the experience of the world is daily confirming. That 
 infidels and profligates fhould wifh to eftablifh their 
 own opinions upon the ruins of revelation, was not to 
 be wondered at ; but that they, whofe offtce it was 
 to drefs and defend the facred vineyard, (liould fall 
 in with them, and join with the wild boar out of the 
 w^ood to root it up, was a matter of grief and furprife. 
 A diflemper muft indeed be epidemical^ when the 
 Phyficians themfelves are feized with it. This malady, 
 when traced to its fountain head, appears to have 
 arifen from a general negle6l in fchools and feminaries 
 of the fludy of the Scriptures in their original lan- 
 guages ; where they attend fo much to the works of 
 Heathens, and fo little to the book of light, life and 
 immortality. While the heads of boys are filled with 
 falesofjupiter, Juno, Mars, Bacchus, and Venus, the 
 Bible is little heard of; and fo the Heathen creed be- 
 comes not only the firfl, but the whole fiudy. Jews, 
 miftaken as they are, are ftill diligent in teaching the 
 Scripture to their children in their own way ; while 
 we are teaching what even Jews are wife enough to 
 abominate. PoffefTed by this opinion, that all polite 
 knowledge is in Heathen authors, and the Bible but 
 a dull heavy book, which inflcad of promoting rather 
 .:fiands in the way of improvement, a lad is fent from 
 fchool to the Univerfity. Here is a very alarming 
 crifis. If he happen to be of a fprightly wit, he fhlls 
 into loofe company, and, for want of religious prin - 
 ciples, is led into all manaer of wickednefs. Shoa,ild 
 
 C he
 
 34 THE LIFE OF 
 
 he ftudy, he obtains logic under the form of a fcholaitiC 
 jargon, which in. its limpHcity* is of excellent ule. 
 Then he learns a fyftem of Ethics, which teaches 
 itiorals without religious data, as the Heathens did. 
 After which, he probably goes on toWolIafton, Shaftf- 
 bur}', and others ; and is at length fixed in the opinion, 
 that rcafon is flifiicicnt for man without revelation. Our 
 young philofopher, having proceeded thus far, wants 
 nothing but Mctaphylics to complete him ; by fetting 
 him to reafon w^hhout principles, to judge without 
 evidence, and to comprehend without ideas. He 
 learns to deduce the being and attributes of God a 
 priori \ in confequence of which he difcovers, that 
 God is not a Trinity, but a lingle perfon. When a 
 gentleman thus equipped takes the Bible into his 
 hand and commences divine, what muft become ofi/, 
 and o( him! Thus it appears, that, as things go tk)w, 
 a man may be a mafter of what is called human learn- 
 ing, and yet ignorant to the laft degree of what only 
 is worth knowing. 
 
 The foregoing abflrac^:, which I have taken as 
 faithfully as I could, is fufficient to (hiew what great 
 and important fubje6ls his mind Was employed upon 
 at this early period of his life. In the conrfe of this^ 
 coiTcfpondence, there are fcveral flrokes of humour 
 which ous:ht not to be forTOtten, The Hebrew Con- 
 
 * The rcioxt fiinple the better; but the old logic f even with ail its 
 jargon, is a better guard to trut]i, than the new which has fiipcr- 
 I'cded it ; and is four.d by naanj- who have confidcrcd the difference, 
 Ta to be. 
 
 cordancc
 
 Or. HORN E. j| 
 
 tordance of Mariiis de Calafio had lately been re- 
 publiihed by the Rev. Mr. Romaine, and was an 
 ' expenfive work, fo high as ten guineas at that time, 
 though now at a price very much reduced. Mr. 
 Home had fet his heart upon this work, as thinking it 
 neceflary to his prefent Itudies ; but knew not how to 
 purchafe it out of his allowance, or to afk his father in 
 plain terms to make him a prefent of it ; fo he told 
 him a Itory, and left the moral of it to fpeak for itfelf. 
 
 In the lafl age, when Bifhop Walton*s Polyglott 
 Was firft publifhed, there was at Cambridge a Mr. 
 Edwardsj paffionately fond of oriental learning; who 
 afterwards went by the name of Rabbi Edv/ards : a 
 good man, and a good fchclar : but being then rather 
 young in the Univerfity, and not very rich, Walton's 
 great work was far above his pocket. Neverthelefs, 
 not being able to fleep well without it, he fold his bed, 
 and fome of his furniture, and made the purchaic. 
 tn confequence of v/hich, he was obliged to fleep in 
 a large cheft, originally made to hold his ' clothes. 
 But getting into his cheft one night rather incau- 
 tiouily, the lid of it, which had a bolt with a fpring, 
 fell down upon him and locked hi rn in pafl recovery ; 
 and there he lay well nigh fmothered to death. In 
 the morning, Edv/ards, v'ho was always an exa6t man. 
 not appearing, it was wondered what was become of 
 him : till at lad his bed-maker, or the perfon who in 
 better times had been his bed-maker, befng alarmed, 
 went to his chambers time enough to releafe him : 
 and the accident, getting air, came to the ears of hi? 
 
 C 2 friends,
 
 36 TliELlFEOF 
 
 friends, who foon redeemed his bed for him. Thii 
 ilory Mr. Home told his father ; and it had the de- 
 fired eftedl:. His father immediately fent him the 
 jnoney ; for which he returns him abundant thanks, 
 promifing to repay him in the only poilible way, viz. 
 that of ufinf^ the books to the beft advantage. They 
 were without cjueftion diligently turned over while he 
 worked at his Commentary on thePfalms, and yielded 
 him no fmall affiflance. 
 
 The ufe of Hebrew to divines was well underftood 
 by Bifhop Bull, who did not content himfclf with a 
 flight and fupcrficial knowledge of it; and judged it^ 
 fo neccllary in dirinity, that it was ufual with him to 
 recommend thcHudy of it to the candidates for orders, 
 as a foundation for their future theological perform- 
 ances. Without this knowledge in Mr. Home, we 
 ihould never have fecn his Commentary upon the 
 Pfalms. 
 
 When a Undent hath once perfuadcd himfelf that 
 he fees truth in the principles of Mr. Hutchinfon, a 
 great revolution fuccccds in his ideas of the natural 
 world and its oeconomy. Qi/alities in matter, with a 
 vacnmm for them to adl in, are no longer venerable j 
 and the authority of Newton's name, which goes with 
 them, lofcs fome of its influence. Nor is this in the 
 prcfcnt cafe fo much to be wondered at : for Mr. 
 Hutchinfon had conceived an opinion, which poiietled 
 his mind very ftron^-lv, that Sir I. Newton and Dr. 
 Clarke had formed a dcfign, by introducing certain 
 fpeculations founded on tlieir nt^w modcof philofophi-
 
 Dr. HORNE. 37 
 
 zn\^, to undermine and overthrow the theology of the 
 Scripture, and to bring in the Heathen Jupiter or 
 Stoical amnia mundi into the place of the true God 
 whom we Chriftiaas believe and worf!iip. This will 
 feem lets extravagant, wlicii it is confidered Mr. 
 Boyle* had alio exprefied his fufpicions, many years 
 before, that Heathenifm was alx)ut to rife again out 
 of tome new fpeculations, and reputedly grand dil- 
 coveries, in Natural Philofophy. Yet I am not willing 
 to believe, that the eminent perfbns above mentioned 
 had a61ually formed any fuch detign. What advantage 
 unbehcvcrs havCjlincc their time, taken of their fpecu-r 
 lations in divinity and philofophy, and of the high 
 repute which has attended them, and of the exclutive 
 honours given to mathematical learning and mathe- 
 matical reafoning, is another queflion ; and it calls 
 for a ferious examination at this time, when the 
 moral world is in great difordcr, from caufes not wcU 
 pnderftood. 
 
 However thefe things may be, the prejudice fo 
 ftrongly infufed by Mr. Hutchinfon againft an evil 
 delign in Clarke and Newton, took pofleffion of Mr. 
 Hqrr^e's mind at the age of nineteen ; and w'as far- 
 ther confirmed by reports which he had heard of a 
 private good underfl^anding betwixt them and the 
 Sceptics of the day, fuch as Collins, Toland, Tindal, 
 &c. more than the world generally knew of. It i$ 
 ^n undoubted fa(5l, that there was an attempt to in- 
 
 * The paflage from Mr. Boyle is quoted in The Scholar Armed, 
 jiatelv publifhed for Rivingtons, vol. ii. p. ?83, 
 
 C 3 troduce
 
 38 THE LIFE OF 
 
 troduce Atheifm, or Materialifm, which is the fame 
 thing, here in England, toward the beginning of this 
 century ; of whicli the l^antheift'icon oi Janus Junnis 
 Roganeftns, a technical name for John Toland, is a 
 fufHcient proof: and Hutchinfon, who knew all the 
 parties concerned, and the dcfigns going forward^ 
 dropped fuch hints in his Treatifeon Power* EfTential 
 and Mechanical, as gave a ferious alarm to many per- 
 fons well difpofed. But our young fchol^r, viewing 
 the whole matter at firil on the ridiculous fide, and 
 coniidering it not only as a dangerous attempt upon 
 religion, but a palpable offence againit truth and rea- 
 fon 5 drew a parallel between the Heathen do6lrines 
 in the Somtilum Sciplonis of Cicero, and the Newtonian 
 plan of the Cofmotheoreal Syftem ; of which parallel 
 I fhall not undertake to juftify the particulars. I fee 
 its faulty flights and wanderings, from a want of more 
 mature judgment and experience. It provoked feveral 
 remarks, fome in print, and Ibme in manufcript, of 
 which remarks the judgment was not greater, and the 
 levity not lefs, The queftion \yas in reality too deep 
 for thofe who attempted to fathom it at that time. 
 Mr. Home foon faw the impropriety of the ftyle and 
 manner, which as a young man he had afTumed for 
 merriment in that little piece: thefe were by no means 
 agreeable to the conllitution of his mind and temper. 
 He therefore obferved a very different jnanner after- 
 wards ; and, as foon as he had taken time to bethink 
 
 * Seep. 243, &c. of theoldcdhion; beginning with the account 
 of Woodward's condiidl. 
 
 himfclf^
 
 Dr. HORNE. s.^ 
 
 Iiimfclf, he rcfumed and reconfidered the fubjedl ; 
 publifhing his fentiments in a mild and ferious pam- 
 phlet, which he called A fair, candid, and impartial 
 State of the Cafe between Sir I. Newton and Mr. 
 Hutchinfon : allowing to Sir Ifaac the great merit of 
 having fettled laws and rules in Natural Philofophy ; 
 but at the fame time claiming for Mr. Hutchinfon the 
 difcovery of the true phyiiological caufes, by which, 
 under the power of the Creator, the natural world is 
 moved and direcSled. The piece certainly is what it 
 calls itfclf,yi//r, candid^ and impariu/l ; and the merits 
 of the caufe are very judicioufly ftatcd between the 
 two parties : in confcquence of which, a reader will 
 diftinguiih, that Newton may be of fovereign fkill 
 in meafuring forces as a Mathematician ; and yet, 
 that Hutchinfon may be right in affigning caufes, as 
 a Phyfiologifl. It would carry me out too far, if I 
 were to (liew by what arguments and evidence Mr. 
 Home has fupported this diftind:ion. For thefe I 
 muft refer to the pamphlet itfelf, which being now 
 very fcarce, will probably be reprinted with Ibme 
 others of his works : and I will venture to fay thus 
 much in its behalf, that whatever becomes of the 
 firgunient, the manaer in which it is handled fhews 
 Mr. Home to have been, at the age when he w rote 
 it, a very extraordinaiy young man. 
 
 New ftudies and new principles will never fail to 
 bring a man into new company ; all mankind being 
 paturally difpofed to aflbciatc with thofe who agree 
 \qXx with themfelves. Of thefe his new friends it will 
 
 C^ be
 
 40 THE LIFE OF 
 
 be juft and proper to give fome fhort account. The 
 chief of thefc was Mr. Watfon, whom I have already 
 mentioned. Another of them was Dr. Hodges, the 
 Provoft of Oriel College ; who compofcd a work to 
 \vhich he gave the title of Elihu ; the chief fubjccl of 
 it being the charadler of Elihu in the book of Job. 
 Theftyleofit has great dignity and ftatelinefs, with- 
 out being formal ; and is at the fame time clear, and 
 oaf)- to be underftood. Dr. Hodges w'as undoubtedly 
 a very great maftcr of his pen ; but having declared 
 himfelf without refcrve in favour of Mr. Hutchin- 
 fon's do6irines, his work was virulently aflaulted and 
 grolTly mifrepi-efented. Of this he complained ; as 
 he might well do : and what did he get by it ? He 
 was told in return, that a writer upon the Book of 
 Job fliould take every thing with patience ! His book, 
 however, went into a fecond edition. He was a man 
 of a venerable appearance, with an addrefs and de- 
 livery which made him very popular as a preacher in 
 the Univerlity, 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Hollowny, Rector of Middlcton- 
 Stoney in Oxfordihire, had been a private tutor to 
 Lord Spencer, in the houfe of thq Hon. John Spencer 
 his father ; who, with all his extravagances, never 
 failed to prcferve due refped* to Mr. Holloway, and 
 
 liflened 
 
 * A military gentleman, who was fometimcs of the party, re 
 marked to a friend, that the ftrideft decorum was always ob- 
 fervcd, whenever Mr. Holloway, who fiipported the dignity of his 
 profcflion, was prefent ; while another clergyman, who thought to 
 
 recommend
 
 Dr. HORN E. 4T 
 
 liltcncd to him with attention, when he convericd 
 freely with the company at his table. This gentleman 
 had been perfonally acquainted with Mr. Hutchinfon, 
 and had publifhed an elementary piece in favour of 
 his philofophical principles. But he was better known 
 in the Univerfity of Oxford by three excellent dif- 
 courfes on the Do<5lrine of Repentance, with a Sup- 
 plement in anfwer to the perverfe Glofies of Tindal 
 the Freethinker. The Vice-chancellor of that time 
 took a pique againft him for dropping a hint, in his 
 Supplement againft Tindal, that the perfon of Mel- 
 chizcdec was an exhibition of Chrifl before his In- 
 carnation. This was no novel opinion ; it had been 
 advanced by others, bcfoi'c and after the Reformation; 
 and in them the doftrine had given no offence. But 
 Mr. Holloway, being a man fufpe6led and profcribed 
 on fome other accounts, met with fome hard and un- 
 worthy treatment upon the occafion : yet to avoid a 
 mifunderftanding with the whole Univei-fity, when 
 only fome individuals were concerned, he fupprefled 
 what he had written in his own defence. His fchemc 
 for an Analyfis of the Hebrew Language, though it 
 comprehends a vaft compafs of learning, is partly fan- 
 ciful, and would bear a long difpute, into which I 
 iliall not enter : but this muft be faid in refpe^t to 
 Mr. Home, that when he firft commenced his theolo- 
 
 recommend himfelf by laying afide the clerical charaftcr, was treated 
 with little ceremony and held in fovereign contempt ; from which 
 he naturally inferred, that the clergy would not fail to meet with 
 proper refpeft, if it was not their gwn fault. 
 
 gical
 
 42 THELIFEOF 
 
 gical (Indies, he derived many real advantages from 
 his acquaintance with this gentleman ; and I ccnild 
 name one of his moft fhining and ufefiil difcourfes, 
 which, in the main argument of it, was taken from 
 ibme loofe papers of Remarks on Warburton's Divine 
 Legation ; to the principles of which this learned 
 gentleman, for many good reafons, which he fpared 
 not to give, was a zealous adverfary. To fay the 
 truth, there was little cordiality on either tide between 
 xht renowned writer of the Divine Legation and the 
 readers of Mr. Hutchinfon. On moft fubjecls of 
 religion and learning, their opinions were irreconcile- 
 able. He defpifed their doctrines and interpretations; 
 and railed at them as Cahhuri/i'icaJ, and they defpifed 
 his Empirical Divinity ; while, at the fame time, they 
 dreaded the ill cfFe6l of it, from the boldnefs of the 
 man, and the popularity of his books; which have a 
 great flalh of learning; but with little Iblidity, and lefs 
 piety. To the purity of Chriftian Literature they have 
 certainly done, and are ftill doing, much hurt. When 
 the firft volume of the Divine Legation was (hewn 
 to Dr. Bentley (as his fbn-in-law the late Bifhop Cum- 
 berland told me), he looked it over, and then obferved 
 of the author to his friend This man has a 7nonjirous 
 aj>petltey ivith a very bad digejilon*. In juftice to 
 
 Mr, 
 
 * This was written before I had a fight of the learned Bifhop_ 
 Hurd's Life of Dr. Warburtcn, lately publifned, in which fiich fub- 
 Kmc praifes are beftowed on the Alliance, the Divine Legation, and 
 pthcr works of that fanciful but very ingenious projedor of unfoun^
 
 Dr. HORN E. 43 
 
 Mr. Holloway, whatever might be fuid agairift hirfiii 
 it mud be faid for bini, that he was a found claffical 
 fcholar, who had gone farther than mod men into the 
 myfteries of the Greek Philofophy ; and to an attentive 
 ftudy of the Chriftian Fathers had added great fkill 
 in the Hebrew and Arabic languages ; fuch as qua- 
 lified him to take up and maintain the caufe of the 
 flehmv Primavity againft its opponents. Confined 
 as he was to the folitude of a country parifh, if he 
 found himfelf out of pradlice in the writing of Latin, 
 he ufcd to renew it occafionally by readmg over the 
 Moria Encomium of Erafmus, which never failed to 
 rcinfi:ate him : and I am perfuaded the anecdote may 
 be of ufe to other fcholars when in danger of lofing 
 their Latinity. 
 
 Mr. Holloway was firft induced to take notice of 
 Mr. Home, on occafion of fome verfes which he had 
 addrefled to his friend Mr, Watfon. They expreflcd 
 
 Cd theories. Though I honour the charafter of Bifhop Hurd, and 
 
 admire every thing he writes, my opinion of the ufefulnefs of the 
 works of Dr. Warburton is very little changed by what I have feen. 
 I am ftill perfuaded, that neither religion nor learning will ever de- 
 rive much benefit, nor the Chriftian world any confiderable edijicat'ion^ 
 from the works of that famous writer : neither will they probably 
 derive any great harm ; becaufe it is apprehended, the reading of 
 Bifhop Warburton's books will hereafter be much lefs than it hath 
 been. The Methodifts defpifed him for a part of his Chriftian cha- 
 pter, as much as he defpifed them for a part of their character; and 
 both had equal reafon. His learning is alraoft as much unlike ta 
 Chxiftianity, as their Chriftianity is unlike to learning. I forbear 
 to indulge any farther reflexions on fo critical a fubject. 
 
 the
 
 44 THE LIFE OF 
 
 the ardor of his gratitude^ and difcovcred a poetical 
 grnius.* 
 
 The Rev, Mr. Wclbourne of Wendelbury near Bi- 
 cefter in Oxfordfliire, whom from the monadic fpirit of 
 a fingle life, and a remarkal)]e attachment to the ftiidv 
 of Antiquity/ Mr. Home delighted to call by the 
 name of Roherttis Wendelhunenfis^ was very much 
 refpe(51ed and beloved, and often vifited by Mr. 
 Home fo long as he lived. Educated at Wefiminfler 
 and Chriftchurch, he was a fcholar of the politer clafs; 
 and with it a deep and fkilful ftndcnt in the Scn))turc, 
 of\yhich he gave a fpecimen in an interpretation of 
 the laft words of David from the Hebrew. He went 
 farther in this, and with better fuccefs, than the 
 learned and ingenious Dr. Grey, the verlifier of thq 
 Book of Job, after the manner of Bifhop Hare's Pfahns, 
 with whom he had been acquainted. He wrote well 
 in Englifh and Latin, and compofed feveral learned 
 works, which had their exceptionable paflagcs, from 
 a vifible inclination toward fome of the peculiarities of 
 the Church of Rome. He had lived feverai years in 
 llricfl friendfhip with Dr. Frewcn the Phyfician, in 
 whofe houfe he always refided when he made a vifit to 
 Oxford ; alfo with the Reverend Sir John Dolben of 
 Finedon in Northamptonfhire, the learned, accom- 
 plifhed, devout, and charitable father of the prefent 
 
 It was rather officious to give them to the world, as fomebody 
 hath done fince Dr. Home's death. Our opinion of a great and 
 good man, who has finilhed his courfe, ought not to be gathered 
 from the hafty and ardent produAions of his youth. 
 
 woirthy
 
 Dr. HORNE. 45 
 
 Worthy SirWilliam Dolbcn, member for the Univerfity 
 of Oxford ; and alfo Mr. Counfellor Gilpin ; to the 
 laft of whom he left his collection of Grecian and 
 Roman coins ; which, if I am rightly informed, is now 
 in the new library at Ch rill-church*. 
 
 Another excellent friend of Mr. Home was the 
 late Dr. Patten, of Corpus Chrifti College ; a gen- 
 tleman of the purcll manners and unqueftionable 
 erudition. On re-confidering the llate of the queftion 
 between Chrillians and Infidels, and feeing how ab- 
 folutcly neccfiary it was to fpeak a plain language in a 
 cafe of fuch importance to the world, he gave to the 
 Univerfity of Oxford a difcourfe which he called the 
 Chriflian Apology ; and which the Vice-chancellor 
 and Heads of Houfes requefted him to publifh. It 
 went upon true and indifputable principles ; but it 
 was not reliflicd by the rath reafoners of the Warbur- 
 tonian fchool ; and a Mr. Hcathcote, a very intem- 
 perate and unmanly writer, who was at that time an 
 afliftant-preacher to Dr. Warburton at Lincoln's Inn, 
 publifhcd a pamphlet againll it ; laying himfelf open, 
 both in the matter and the manner of it, to the criti- 
 cifms of Dr. Patten ; who will appear to have been 
 greatly his fuperior as a fcholar and a divine, to any 
 candid reader who fliail review that controverfv. Dr. 
 Patten could not with any propriety be faid to have 
 
 * The cornplexion of this good man's charaiSler may be diftin- 
 giiiflied in the laft letter I received from him, about two months 
 before his death, of which I had an account from Dr. Home. I 
 Ihall givs both the letters in the Appendix. 
 
 written
 
 46 THELIFEOF 
 
 written on the Hutchinfonian plan ; but Mr. HeatH^ 
 cote found it convenient to charge him with it, and 
 fuggeft to the pubHc that he was an Hutchinfonian j 
 tvhich gave Dr. Patten an opportunity of fpcaking his 
 private fentimcnts, and doing juftice to thofe gentle- 
 men in the Univerfity of Oxford, who were then under* 
 the reproach of being followers of Hutchinfon*. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Wetherell, now Dean of Hereford, 
 tvas then a youngs man in the College of which he is 
 ftoW the worth V Mailer t and fuch was his zeal at that 
 time in favour of Hebrew literature, that Mr. Home, 
 and Mr. Wetherell, and Mr. Martin (now Dr. 
 Fairfax), and a fourth perfon intimately connedled 
 with them all, fat down for one whole winter, to ex- 
 amine and fettle as far as they were able^ all the 
 Thcmata of the Hebrew language ; writing dowa 
 their remarks daily, and collecting from Marias, and 
 Buxtorf, and Pagninus and others, what might be af 
 uf6 for compiling a new Lexicon. How much judg- 
 ment they had, at this early period, to render their 
 papers valuable, we dare not fay : but fuch as they 
 were, the fruits of a faithful and laborious fertitiny, at 
 copy of them was handed to the learned Mr. Park- 
 hurfl:, late ofthe Univerfity of Cambridge, an eminent 
 labourer in the fame vineyard, to whom the public 
 
 * On occafion of this paragraph, I have reconfidcrcd Dr. Palten's 
 Difcourfe, and the Defence of ft; and am perfuaded it might be of 
 much fervlcc, if every young man were to read them both, before 
 he takes holy orders. His pifture of fafhionable Chriftianity is 
 very alarming, and I fear it is not exaggerated. 
 
 have
 
 Dr. HORNE. 47 
 
 havefihce been greatly indebted for three editions of 
 his Hebrew Lexicon ; which contains fuch variety of 
 curious and ufeful information, that, contrary to ihe 
 nature of other Dictionaries (properly fo called), it may 
 be turned over for entertainment as a Commentary on 
 the Scripture, and a Magazine of Biblical Erudition. 
 His two fcriptural Lexicons, the one Greek, the other 
 Hebrew, are both fo excellent in their v.'ay, that they 
 will laft as long as the world ; unlefs the new Goths of 
 infidelity fhould break in upon us and deftroy, as they 
 certainly with to do, all the monuments of Chriftian 
 learnino;*. 
 
 Do61;or George Berkeley, of late years a Prebendary 
 of the church of Canterbury and Chancellor of Breck- 
 nock, was then Mr. George Berkeley, a lludent of 
 Chrill-clTurch, a fon of that celebrated pattern of 
 virtue, fcience, and apoftolical zeal. Dr. Berkeley, 
 Bifliop of Cloy ne in the kingdom of Ireland ; who 
 chofc to fpcnd the latter days of his life in retirement 
 at Oxford, while his fon was a member of the Univer- 
 fity. Between this gentleman and Mr. Home a very 
 early intimacy commenced, and much of their time 
 was fpent in each other's company. Under the train- 
 ing, and with the example of fo excellent a father, 
 Mr. Berkeley grew up into a tirm believer of the 
 Chriftian religion, and difcovered an affectionate re- 
 
 * The third edition of Mr. Parkhurft's Hebrew Lexicon was 
 promoted by Billiop Home, whofe name ftands firft 'aniong the 
 patrons to whom it is infcribed j though Biftiop Home did not h've 
 till it was publifhed. 
 
 gard
 
 4S TliE LIFE OF 
 
 gard to ever}^ man of letters, who was ready, like hirtl- 
 (elf, to explain and defend it. He was confequently 
 a very zealous admirer of Mr. Home ; and the one 
 had the happinefs of belonging to the Chapter, while 
 the other for fcveral years was Dean of Canterbury i 
 and when his friend was removed to the See of Nor- 
 wich, Dr. Berkeley preached his Confecration Sermorl 
 at Lambeth ; an a6l of refpe6l for which he had 
 referved himfelf, having been under a perfuafion^ 
 f(3r fome years before, that he Ihould fee Mr. Home 
 become a Bifhop. His difcourfe on that occaiion 
 fhewed him to be a ti*ue fon, and an able miniiler 
 of the Church of England : and another difcourfe, 
 originally delivered on a 30th of January, and re- 
 printed fince with large and curious annotations, has 
 diftinguilTied him for as firm and loyal afubje6l to his 
 king and the laws of his country. Dr. Berkeley was 
 very greatly efteemed by his patron the late Arch- 
 bilbop Seeker, with whom he had much influence} 
 and he never ceafed to take adv^antage of it, till he 
 had obtained preferment from him for one of his old 
 friends, who had no other profpedl. The father of 
 Dr. Berkeley has been made Igiown to the world by a 
 few happy words of Mr. Pope : but the following 
 anecdote, which is prcferved among the priv^ate notes 
 of Bifhop Home, will give us a more exa6l idea of 
 his character. Bifliop Atterbury, having heard much 
 of Mr. Berkeley, widicd to fee him. Accordingly, 
 he was one day introduced to him by the Earl of 
 Berkeley. After fome time. Mr. Berkeley left the 
 
 room:
 
 Dr. HORN E. 49 
 
 rooirf : dn which Lord Berkeley faid to the Blfhop, 
 " Does my coufin anfvver your Lordlliip's expe6la- 
 tions ?" The Bifhop, Hfting up his hands in aftonrilli- 
 ment, rephed, " So much underltanding, fo much 
 knowledge, fo much innocence, and fiich humiHty, 
 I did not think had been the portion of any but an- 
 gels, till I fiiw this gentleman i" The paflage is taken 
 from Hughes's Letters. IL 2.* 
 
 Mr. Samuel Glaile, a ftudent of Chrift-churcb, who 
 had the repute he merited of being one of the heft 
 fcholars from Weftminfter fchool, was another of 
 Mr. Home's intimate friends, and continued to love 
 and admire him through the whole courfe of his life. 
 The world need not be told what Dr. Glafle has been 
 doing Unce he left the Univerfity, as a divine, as a 
 magiflratc, as a teacher and tutor of the firfl; eminence; 
 of whofe ufeful labours, the gofpel, the law, the 
 church, the bar, the fchools of learning, the rich and 
 the poor, have long felt and confefled the benefit: and 
 may they long continue fo to do 1 although it may be 
 faid, without any fufpicion of flattery, in the words 
 of the Poet non deficit alter aureus a ton whofe 
 learning, abilities and good principles have already 
 entitled him to the tlranks of his country, and will 
 fecure his fame with pofterity. 
 
 This gentleman, the fon of Dr. G. diitinguifhed 
 himfelf very early in life by his uncommon proficiency 
 
 * Dr. Berkeley, the excellent fon of an excellent father, changed 
 this world (in which he had feen much trouble) for a better, on 
 the day of Epiphany 1795, before this work went to theprcfs. 
 
 D ill
 
 so THE LIFE OF 
 
 in Hebrew literature, which procured him the favour 
 of Dr. Kennicott, and a fludentfhip of Chrift-chiirch. 
 He has fincc ac(:juired a great addition of fame as a 
 claffical fcholar, by his elegant tranflation into Greek 
 Iambics of Mafbn's Caraclacus, and Milton's Samfon 
 .Agoniflcs, adapted in form, and ftyle, and manner, 
 to the ancient Greek drama*. And he has recently 
 fhewn himfelf an elegant Englifh writer, as well as a 
 pious and well informed divine, by his publication of 
 the Contemplations of Bifhop Hall, in a form very 
 much improved. He had prepared a Dedication of 
 that excellent work to Bifhop Home ; but the Bifhop 
 dying, while the work was depending, an advertife- 
 ment is prefixed, which does great honour to his 
 memory. 
 
 From Weftminfiier fchool there came, at an earlier 
 period, a Mr. John Hamilton of Univerfity College, 
 xvhofe father was a Member of the Irifh Parliament, 
 and his mother a Lady of high rank. This amiable 
 
 * Though I fpeak with refpc6l of this, as a work of great fcholar- 
 Ihip, and even wonderful in a young man, I have my doubts, whether 
 any Englifhman can exhibit unexceptionable Greek verfification, in 
 which a Critic cannot, with a microfcope in his hand, and a little jea- 
 loufy in his eye, difcover flaws and pinholes ; and, that a Greek ver- 
 fion of a fine Englifh Poem, whoever produces it, will at laft be but a 
 bad likenefs of a good thing: which may be faid without impeaching 
 the parts or the diligence of any tranflator. When a man writes in a 
 dead language, he does it at a great hazard : and 1 have heard this 
 matter carried to fuch a.-nicety by an eminent fcholar, as to fuppofe 
 it dangerous, even in Latin compofition, to put a noun and a verb 
 togclhcr, unlefs you can find that noun and that verb aAually ftand- 
 ing together xn fome natire Latin wntcrof allowed authority. 
 
 young
 
 Dr. HORN E. 51 
 
 young man, for the politencfs of his behaviour, his 
 high accompHfhmcnts as a clafflcal fcholar, his vivacity 
 of temper and readinefs of wit, was a companioa 
 equally rcfpeclable and defirable ; fo nearly alHed in 
 difpofition and abilities to the two chara<^ers of Mr. 
 Watfon and Mr. Home, that afln<5lfnendfliipgrew 
 up between them. The example of fbme feducing 
 companions from Wcftminiier fchool, had rendered 
 him for a while diffipated and thoughtlefs : but when 
 the time approached, in which he was required to pre- 
 pare himfclf for holy orders, he determined to become 
 a clergyman in good earneft ; gave himfelf up to lludy 
 and retirement ; and was known to rife frequently at 
 four o'clock in a fummer's morning, to read the works 
 of St. Auttin. With this difpofition, it is no wonder 
 he was ready to embrace every opportunity of deriving 
 Inore light to his Chriftian ftudies. He therefore foon 
 became a Hebrew ftudent in common with his friends, 
 and made a rapid progrefs in divinity. For a time he 
 took upon himfelf the curacy of Bedington in Surrey: 
 but he was foon advanced to the archdeaconry of 
 Raphoe in Ireland, having firit obtained a prefcntatiorl 
 to the valuable living of Taboyne ; where, to the 
 iofs of the world, and the unfpeakable grief of the au- 
 thor of thefe papers, to whom he was a moft affec- 
 tionate and valuable friend, he foon aftenvards died. 
 In the beginning of his indifpofition, he had been 
 almoft miraculoufly rcftored at Briftol in the fpring of 
 the year 1 754, juft at the time when the living was 
 given to him by Lord Abercorn his relation, and the 
 D 2 dignity
 
 51 THELIFEOF 
 
 dignity fuperadded by the Bifhop of the diocefe. Ir^ 
 land was a ftage, on which his learning and principles^ 
 his adHve zeal, his polite manners and great abilitiesi, 
 were much wanted. They have at this time but a 
 mean opinion of that kind of learning which this young 
 archdeacon fo much valued andafFe61ed. Had he lived, 
 he might have done much good in bringing over many 
 confiderable perfons to an attentive fludy of the fcrip- 
 ture, which had produced fo happy an eifeift upon him- 
 felf. But alas 1 inftead of this, it is now reported, that 
 the country has been confiderably hurt in its principles 
 by fbme modern writings, which have lately come 
 into vogue ; of which it is not my bufinefs in this 
 place to (peak more particularly. 
 
 It has given me great pleafurc, thus to take a re- 
 view, hafty as it has been, of fome ofthofe excellent 
 perfons, with whom Mr. Home was conne6led in the 
 days of his youth. A reader who is a ftranger to all 
 the parties, may fufpect that I have turned my pen 
 to the making of extraordinary chara(5\ers ; but, I 
 truft, he will take my word for it, that I have only 
 made them fuch as I found them ; and fuch as the 
 fcite good Bifliop their friend would have reprelented 
 them, had he been alive and called upon to do them 
 juftice. I am convinced, his own pen would have 
 given more to fome, not lefs to any : and that hft 
 would have mentioned others of whom I have not 
 fpoken ; tor certainly I might have added many to 
 the collection ; fuch as, the Rev. John Auchmuty, 
 whofe father wzs Dean of Armagh, and who ufed to 
 
 aniufc
 
 D R. H O R N E. 5j 
 
 aTHiife us with an account ofhis adventures atTetuan 
 in Africa, during his chaplaindiip under Admiral 
 Forbes : Mr. James Stiliingfleet, a grandfon to the 
 celebrated and learned Biftiop of that name ; firlt one 
 of the Hebrew Exhibitioners at Wadham College ; 
 afterwards Fellow of Merton, and now Prebendary of 
 Worccltcr : Mr. George Downing, another Hebrew 
 Exhibitioner at Wadham College, and now a Pre- 
 bendary of Ely, whom Mr. Home admired and re- 
 fpcdted for thofe virtues and qualifications, which 
 have endeared him to all his acquaintance. To thefe 
 I might add Mr. Edward Stillingfleet, a Gentleman 
 Commoner of Wadham : the Reverend John Whit- 
 akcr, now fo well known by his Icai'ned and valuable 
 writings ; with others of like charaS:er and literature, 
 to none of whom do I mean ai?y difrefpc6l if I have 
 omitted them. There was odc very learned gentle- 
 man in particular, Mr. Forfter of Corpus Chrifti 
 College, who publillied a beautitul quarto edition of 
 the Hebrew Bible, and had the reputation of being 
 & profound fcholar. This learned man introduced 
 himfelf to Mr. Home's acquairjtance, only for the 
 opportunity of conferring with him on fome principles 
 which he had newly adopted in Philofophy and Divi- 
 nity. How far Mr. Home and Mr. Forlter proceeded 
 in the argument, I cannot exacily fay; but this I well 
 remember, that when the confuhJlaTitiaTity of the ele- 
 ments came into queftion, Mr. Foi-fter did not (eem 
 to think that do(51rinc improbable, which later en- 
 quiries have rendered much Icfs fo : and allowed, 
 
 D 3 that
 
 54 THE LIFE OF 
 
 that if the public were once fatisfied in that parti- 
 cular, he believed very few obje6tions wpuld be ma,de 
 to the philofophical fob erne of Mr, Hutchinfon*. 
 
 I am now to conclude with a charadler, which I 
 introduce with fome relu6lance ; but it is too re^ 
 markable to be omitted in an account of Mr. Home's 
 literary connedtions ; and fome ufeful moral attends 
 it in every circumftance : the character I mean is 
 that of the late Dr. Dodd. Humanity fliould fpcak 
 as tenderly of him, as truth will permit, in conlidera-r 
 tion of his too fcvere and lamentable fate, 
 
 A limilitude in their ftudics and their principles 
 produced an acquaintance between Mr. Hornc and 
 Mr. Dodd : for when Mr. Dodd began the world, 
 ht \Vas a zealous favourer of Hebrew learning, and 
 diftinguifhed himfelf as a preacher; in which capacity 
 he undoubtedly excelled (to a certain. degree), and 
 itt his time did much good. Alter Mr. Dodd had 
 been noticed in the Univerlity of Cambridge for fomo 
 of his exercifes, he m^lde himfelf known to the public 
 by an Englifh poetical tranllation of Callimachus, in 
 which he difcoVered a poetical genius. Of the Pre- 
 fdee to the tranflation of Callimachus, which gives 
 the l>eft general account, that was ever given in fo 
 iliort a compafs, of the Heathen Mythology, the 
 greater part was WTitten for him by Mr. Home. It 
 is'fuppofed with good rcafon that Mr. Dodd was 
 6bliged to othei-s of his friends for fevcral ufeful notes 
 
 * See J^r. Home's Apology (hereafter to be fj>,oken of) p. 35, 
 3'6 ; where this crorrfa:?ncc with Mr. Fcfrfter is alluikd to. 
 
 on
 
 Dr. HORN E. || 
 
 on the text of Callimachus. He makes a particular 
 acknowledgment to the Rev. Mr. Parkhurlt, " fronof 
 whole found judglnentj enlarged undcrftanding, unn 
 wearied application, and generous opcnnefs of heart,- 
 the world has great and valuable fruits to expert." 
 Archbifhop Seeker conceived a favourable opiniork 
 of Mr. Dodd, from his performances in the pulpit ; 
 and it was probably owing to the influence of thc^ 
 Archbifhop, that he was appointed to preach the fer- 
 mons at Lady Moyer's Lectures. But this unhappy, 
 gentleman, having a ftrong delire to make a figure 
 in the world, with a turn to an expenfive w^ay of 
 living ; and finding that his friends, who unhappily 
 were fuffering under the damnatory title of Hutehin- 
 fonians, would never be permitted (as the report thea 
 was) to rife to any eminence in the Church ; Mr. 
 Dodd thought it more prudent to leave them to their 
 fate, with the hope of fucceeding better in fome other 
 way : and, to purge himfelf in the eye of the world, he 
 wrote exprellly againft them ; laving many grievous 
 things to their charge ; fome of which were true,, 
 when applied to particular pcrfons ; fome greatly 
 exaggerated ; and fome utterly falfe ; as it may well 
 be imagined, when it is confidered, that the author 
 was writing to ferve an intereft*. 
 
 There 
 
 * When it was under deliberation whether any anfwer (hould be 
 given to this book of Mr. Dodd, Mr. Home objedled to it in the 
 following terms, which difcover his great prudence and judgment. 
 ** Whoever fhall anfwer It, will be under the neceffity of appearing 
 
 D 4 as
 
 56 THE LIFE OF 
 
 There could be no better judge than Mr. Dodd 
 himfelf of the motives on which he had afllimed a new 
 chara(9:er. He certainly did himfelf fome good, in 
 the opinion of thofe, who thought he was grown wifer: 
 but being fenfible, how far he had carried fome things, 
 and how much he had loft himfelf, in the efteem of 
 his old friends, he was anxious to know what fome of 
 them faid about him. He therefore applied himfelf 
 one day to a lady of great underftanding and piety, 
 who knew him well, and who alfo knew moll of them ; 
 defiring her to tell him, what Mr. fuch an one foid 
 of him f He fays of you, anfwered flic- Dcvias hath 
 forfaken us, having loved this prefent world : with 
 which he appeared to be much afFc6led. Not that 
 the thing had adlually been faid, fo far as I know, by 
 the perfon in queflion ; but fhe, knowing the pro-^ 
 priety with which it mi^hthave, been faid, gave him 
 the credit of it. There was a general appearance of 
 vanity about Mr. Dodd, which was particularly dif- 
 gufting to Mr. Home, who had none of it himfelf; 
 and the levity, with which he had totally caft off his 
 fonner fludies, being added to it, both together de- 
 termined him to drop the acquaintance with little. 
 
 2S a Partizan, which in thefe tixnes ftipiJ^ be avoided as much as pof- 
 ^hle. I had much rather the name of Hutchinfon were dropped, 
 and the ufcful things in him recommended to the world, with their 
 evidence, in another manner than they have been. Mankind are 
 tired and fick (I am fure I am for one) with the fruitlefs fquabbles 
 and altercations about etymologies and particularities. In the mean 
 time, the great plan of Philofophy and Theology, that mufl Inftruft 
 ana edify, lies dormant,'* 
 
 hcfitation.
 
 Dr. HORN E. 57 
 
 hefitation. He not only avoided his company, but 
 conceiving a dillike, as well to his moral as to his 
 literary chara6ler, is fuppofed to have given fuch an 
 account of him in one of the public papers, as made 
 him very ridiculous, under the name of Tojn Dingle: 
 Not long aftenvards Mr. Foote brought him upon the 
 flage for a tranfa6tion which refle<5ied great difhonour 
 upon a clergyman, and for which the King ordered 
 him to be ftnick off the lift of his chaplains. 
 
 The revolt of Mr. Dodd, if he meant toraife him- 
 felf in the world by it, did by no means anfwer his 
 purpofe. Tt brought him into favour with Lord 
 Chefterfield ; but that did much more hurt to hi<s 
 mind, than good to his fortune. The farther he ad- 
 vanced in life, the more he became cmbarrafled : 
 and his moral conduct was commonly known to be lb 
 far depraved, that a gentleman of Clapham, who was 
 privy to it, is faid to have predicted fome years before, 
 that he would come to an untimely end. How un- 
 fearchable is the wifdom and juftice of divine Provi- 
 dence ! The worldly policy of Dr. Dodd loft him 
 the fricndfhip of fome wife and good men, particularly 
 of Mr. Home, but procured for him the favour of 
 Lord Chefterfield ; and that favour tempted him to 
 another ftep of policy, \\hich brought him to his 
 death. The memory of Dr. Johnfon is much to be 
 honoured for the tender part he took in behalf of Dr. 
 Dodd during the time of his afRiclion. And let it be 
 remembered, in juftice to his former friends, that few 
 perfons were more deeply affecled by his lamentable 
 
 end
 
 58 TH 5 LIFE OF 
 
 end than (bme of thoTc who had been imclcr the ne- 
 ceflity of dropping his acquaintance. I have it on 
 the beft authority, that one of them kept a folemn 
 fad till night on the day of his execution, and after-, 
 wards moralized very ferioufly upon his fate in one 
 of the newfpapers of the time. 
 
 Every good man will with quietnefs fubmit to the 
 laws of his coiuitry, and without fome real pbjeclion 
 will be pleafed with them : but the law which puts a 
 man to death (and the application of that law which 
 put a clergyman to death, without being firft divefted 
 of bis clerical chara<5^er) for a fimple fraud, which 
 threatened no man's life, nor endangered any man\^ 
 perfon or reputation, except that of the party who 
 was guilty, muft ha\'c fome cogent reafons to prove 
 the juftice of it ; into which it is not my province to 
 inquire. 
 
 From this account of Mr, Horne*s friends and ac- 
 quaintance I return now to the hillory of his lludies. 
 When a young man of a vigorous mind determines, 
 in thefc latter days of the church, to make himfelf a 
 fcholar; he is in great danger, from the books he may 
 read, and the company he may fall into ; notwith- 
 ftanding the integrity of his mind, and the purity of 
 his intention?. If he joins himfelf to a party, he will 
 be under the influence of an afFe6lion, which is very 
 properly called part'mUty ; and which inclines him to 
 favour the meafures of his party indifcriminately ; and 
 therefore does great hurt to the judgment. He is apt 
 to praife and cenfure, to love and hate, not with his 
 
 own
 
 Dr. HORNE. ^ 
 
 own fpirit, but with the fpirit of his party. With 
 their fingulari ties, whatever they may be,Mie will find 
 little fault ; and if they have errors, they are fuch as 
 he will not ihon difcover. To this danger Mr. Home 
 w as expofed, as a reader of Hutchinfon ; I fliall there- 
 fore defcribe it more particularly, and fhew how and 
 by what means he efcaped it in all its parts, and pre- 
 fenced the independency of his underftanding : in 
 doing which, if I can do it faithfully, I {hall certainly 
 make myfelf of fome ufe to the public. 
 
 Mr. Hutchinfon fell into a new and uncommon 
 train of thinking in Philofophy, Theology, and Hea- 
 then Antiquity ; and appears to have learned much 
 of it from the Hebrew, which he iludied in a way 
 of his own : but as he laid too great a ftrels in many 
 inftances on the evidence of Hebrew etymolog}% 
 his admirers w^ould naturally do the fame ; and fome 
 of them carried the matter fo far, that nothing elfe 
 would go down with them ; till by degrees they 
 adopted a mode of fpeaking, which had a nearer re- 
 femblance to cant and jargon, than to found and 
 fober learning. To this w eaknefs, thofe perfons were 
 mod liable, who had received the feweft advantages 
 from a learned education. This was the cafe with 
 fome fenfible tradefmen and mechanics, who by 
 ftudying Hebrcw, with the affiftance of Englifh 
 only, grew conceited of their learning, and carried 
 too much fail with too little ballaft. Of this Mr. 
 Home was very foon aware ; and he was in fo little 
 danger of following the example, that I ufed to hear 
 
 I him
 
 69 THE LIFE Of 
 
 him difplay the foibles of fueh perfons with that mirth 
 and good^ hbinour which he had ready at hand upon 
 all occafions. With the like difcretion and candour, 
 he allowed to the Reverend Dr. Sharp of Durham all 
 that could reafonably be allowed, when he attacked 
 the followers of Hutchinfon upon the etymological 
 quarter, where they feemed mofl vulnerable, or, 
 where they might at Icaft be annoyed with moft ap^ 
 pearance of advantage : and he never, through the 
 whole courfe of his life, was a friend to the etymolo^ 
 gical part of the controvert}' ; as it appears from his 
 writings ; in which Hebrew etymology, however he 
 might apply to li for himfelf, is rarely if ever infifted 
 upon. In fome of his private letters, one of which 
 has been already referred to in a note, he declared 
 his mind very freely on the inexpediency of Iquabbling 
 about words, when there were fo many th'mgs to be 
 brought forward, which were of greater importance, 
 and would admit of lefs difpute. 
 
 A farther danger arofe from that cuftom, in which 
 Ibme of the followers of Hutchinfon had too freely 
 indulged themfelves, of treating their opponents with 
 too great afperity and contempt. Hutchinfon him- 
 felf was very reprehenfible in this refpedl, as well in 
 his converfation as in his writings ; and thereby loft 
 much of that intluence with men of learning, which 
 he might have preferved, had he confidered it as a 
 duty to be more temperatdand flexible in his manner 
 of addrefling the public. But he was a man of a warm 
 and hafty fpirit, like Martin Luther ; who, to certain 
 
 modern
 
 Dr. HORNE. 6i 
 
 modern fpeculations in Philofophy and Theology, 
 could preferve no more rerpc(5t than Luther did io 
 the errors of Popery. How far the eircumftances 
 they both were under, the zeal by which they were 
 a(5luated, and the provocations they met with from 
 the world, will jultify them in the ufe of intemperate 
 language, can be known only to God to whom they 
 mufl give an account. But whatever excufes may be 
 made for the principals, we do not fee bow they can 
 be extended to thofe who fucceeded. Some of thefe 
 however did claim for themfelves the like privilege, 
 and gave gi*eat offence to perfons of cooler judgment. 
 The world will not fufFer things to be forced upoa 
 them. When men are angry, it is always fuppofed 
 they have but little to fay, and aj-e provoked by a 
 fenfe of the infufficiency of themfelves and their caufc. 
 It was a wife faying of Lord Coke, the famous lawyer, 
 " Whatever grief a man hath, ill words work no good, 
 and learned counfel never ufe them." To this wife 
 and excellent maxim the followers of Mr. Hutchinfon 
 did not in general attend as they ought to have done. 
 It filled them with indignation, to fee how little they 
 prevailed againfl: the perverfe treatment of fome ill 
 difpofed adverfaries : and if they had found fuch 
 principles as they thought of ufe to themfelves, it was 
 a mortification to fee them overlooked and difdained 
 by others. But there was fo much fweetnefs in the 
 natural temper of Mr. Home, that no bitter weed 
 could take root there; and the intemperance of others 
 only ferved to put him the more upon his guard ; of 
 
 which
 
 62 THE LIFE OF 
 
 which we have a happy example in his State of thfe 
 Cafe between Sir Ifaac Newton and Mr. Hutchinfoni 
 This was one of his eariiefl compofitions ; in which 
 the argument is conclu6led throughout with perfect 
 modefty, civiHty, and a proper refpe6l to all partiesj 
 I have heard him admire greatly that calmnefs for 
 which the Chinefe are lb remarkable, although it bor- 
 ders in fome degree upon cunning or ilupidity. " The 
 only way for a man to gain the favour of the Chinefe, 
 is to fet forth his reafons in the cooleft manner ; that 
 people being of fuch a difpoiition, as to defpife the 
 mofl rational arguments, if delivered with anger.'* 
 The fame, faid he, is true of mankind in general. 
 
 The learning which difj)ofes us to affedl a fuperiority 
 over other men, is too generally attended by a forget- 
 fulnefs of God : and it has therefore been well ob-* 
 ferved, that knowledge, though a good thing in itfelf^ 
 as light is when compared with darknefs, is apt to 
 fuff 7is tip: while charity, which is nn humble and 
 fubmiffive virtue, edifieth ; that is, builds us up in 
 the way of grace, and makes us better Chriltians. So 
 Ihr as knowledge, though of the pureft fort, infufes 
 pride, juft fo far it cxtinguifhcs devotion. It wa3 
 therefore objcded to the new Hebrew ftudcnts, that 
 they were a carnal fort of people, fo full of fcripturd 
 learning, as to be much wanting in a due regard to 
 fcriptural piety. The intelligent reader will ealily 
 guefs from what quarter luch an accufation would 
 arilc. It came from thofe who are apt to offend in 
 another way; who fuppofe that an appearance of 
 
 godly
 
 Dr. HORNE. 63 
 
 godly zeal; and a pafiion to fave fouls, will fupply the 
 <iere<5lsx?fChrirtian knowledge: but without it, there 
 will not be ChrifTian prudeiice ; and fuch pctibn?, 
 negle^ling to infortn thcmfelve?, fuffer under the 
 want of judgment, and are carried into dclulion, of 
 which they do not fee the confeqiicnces. Ignorant 
 piety, like ignorant ingenuity, muil go to fchool, 
 before it will be able to work furely and with good 
 effedl : It muft \t(i\f be taught before it can be fit to 
 teach others. The great Lord Bacon oblervcd of 
 the firfl: puritans, that they rcafoned powerfully on 
 the neceffity of a ferious piety; and brought men well 
 to the queftion, tv/jaf vmji I do to he Jaiiedf But 
 when they had done this, they were at a lofs how to 
 give them an anfwer. There is danger to man on 
 every fide : learning is tempted to overlook piety ; 
 and piety thinks there is no ufe of learning. Happy 
 is he who prefenxs himfclf from both thefe errors : 
 who while he fecks wifdom, applies it firfl: to the re- 
 formation of his own life, and then to the lives of 
 other men. This appears to have been the pcrfuafion 
 of Mr. Home; in whofe earlieft writings we find fuch 
 a tindlurc of devotion, that fome of his readers, who 
 valued themfelves upon their difccrnment, thought 
 his warmth difcovcred a degree of enthufiafm ; that 
 he was devout overmuch ; and conlequently we have 
 the teftimony of fuch perfons, that he was not wanting 
 in Chriflian piety. Thus much at leafl: may be af- 
 firmed, that he was in no danger of an outward formal 
 religion, deflitute of the vital fpirit of Chriflianity. 
 
 There
 
 d4 THE LIFE OP 
 
 There was yet another danger to be apprehende(?, 
 and that of no fmall concern to a member of the 
 Church of England. It happened, that among the 
 admirers of Mr. Hutchinfon, there were many dif- 
 {enters ; who, with all the information they had ac- 
 quired, did not appear (as might reafbnably have been 
 expedled) to be much foftened in their prejudices 
 againft the conftitution of this Church. With fome 
 of thefe, Mr. Home frequently fell into company ; 
 of which it was not an improbable confequcnce (and 
 he afterwards was aware of it) that he might come by 
 degrees to be lefs aftecled, than he ought to be, to the 
 Church of which he was a member : efpecially as 
 there was Ibme jealouly already in the minds of Mr. 
 Hutchinfon's readers againft their fuperiors both in 
 Church and State, on account of the unfair and 
 jmgry treatment (I may fay, perfecution) fome of 
 them had fuffered, and the diflike and averfion which 
 their principles had met with from perfons of eftablifh- 
 ed reputation. The modeft and civil Letter to a 
 Bifhop, from the Lord Prciidcnt of the Court of Sef- 
 lion in Scotland, the Honourable Duncan Forbes, had 
 met with little or no attention ; which, with many 
 other flights and provocations, contributed to keep 
 them in no ver}' good humour : fo that it was to be 
 feared they would be too ready to hear, what others 
 might be too ready to fuggelt. With fome of our 
 diffenters, it is too much the cuftom to turn the 
 clergy of the Church and their profeffion into ridicule; 
 a fort of behaviour which fliould alwavs be avoided 
 
 'by
 
 1)r. HORNE; "^s 
 
 oy religions men, when religion is the rubje(5l. A 
 piece was handed about, which calls itfelf a Dialogue 
 upon- Bifhops ; a fly and malignant invedlive, in a 
 ftrain of irony, and by no means deftitute of wit> 
 againft the prelates of this church; The thing is 
 written in the fame fpirit with the Martin Mar- 
 Prelate of the old Puritans, though in a fuperior 
 ftrain of irony and had for its author a man whofe 
 tiame was Biron, a Diflcnting Teacher of eminence ; 
 ^vhofe works are colle6led together, and publifhed, 
 under the terrific title of The Pillars of Prieftcraft 
 Shaken. The Church of England^ whofe religion 
 is here intended by the word prieficraft, never had 
 a morb willing adverfary than this man ; unlefs it 
 were Gkirdoh, the author of the Independent Whig; 
 whofe writings, plentifully difperfed there, contributed 
 not a little to. the revolt of America, by rendering 
 them more difaffe<5led to the religion of the mother 
 country. 
 
 So Ibng as a connexion remained with the non- 
 conforming readers of Mr. Plutchinfon, it was ex- 
 pedled by thenij that all church-differences would be 
 laid afide, as matters o( no fgn'if cation ; and that both 
 parties would join hands againft the common enemies 
 of Chriftianity. Things being thus difpofed, an oc- 
 currence intervened, to which Mr. Home, as it appears 
 from fome of his lettei-s, imputed the breach which 
 afterwards took place, and his ov;n deliverance, in 
 confequence of it, from all danger of fanatical in- 
 fection. 
 
 E Dr.
 
 G6 THE LIFE OF 
 
 Dr. Crayton, then Bifhop of Clogher in IrekncI, 
 in the year 1750, publiflied his Eflay on Spirit, with 
 clefign to recommend the Arian doctrine, and to pre- 
 pare the way for fuitablc alterations in the Liturgy. 
 The favourers of hercfy are feldom found to be the 
 enemies of fchifm : this author therefore, to ftrengthen 
 his party, diftinguifhed himfelf as a warm friend to 
 the caufc of the Sectaries ; intimidating the Church 
 with the profpecl of deflru6Hon, unlefs the fafety of 
 it were provided for by a timely compliance with the 
 demands of its adverfaries. This Eflay being reported 
 to come from a perfon of fuch eminence in the Church, 
 alarmed her friends and animated her enemies. It 
 carried with it a (hew of learning, and fome fubtilty 
 of ai-gument : an anfwer to it was therefore expedteci 
 and withed for. 
 
 It happened at this time, that I was fettled at 
 Tinedon in Noilhamptonfliire, as Curate to the 
 Reverend Sir John Dolben ; which I have reafon to 
 remember as a moft happy circumftance in the early 
 part of my life. In this lituation I was frequently 
 vifited by my friend and fellow-ftudent Mr. Home. 
 He came to me, poflefled with a defire of feeing an 
 Anfwer to this Ellay on Spirit ; and perfuaded me 
 to undertake it. All circumftances being favourable^ 
 110 objection was made ; and accordingly down we 
 fat together for a whole month to the bufmefe. The 
 ^oufe of my patron Sir John Dolben had an excellent 
 library ; a conlidcrablc part of which had defcendcd 
 from Archbithop Dolben ; and it was furniflied witJi 
 
 books.
 
 D R. H O R N E. ey 
 
 books in every branch of reading, as well antient as 
 modern, but particularly in divinity and ecclefiaftical 
 hiftory. In a country parifh, without fuch an ad- 
 vantage, our attempt had been wild and hopelefs : but 
 with it, we had no fear of being at a lofs concerning 
 any point of learning that might arife; What Bifnop 
 Clayton (fuppofing him to be the author of an Eiiay 
 on Spirit) had offered in favour of the non-conformifts^ 
 obliged us to lobk into the controverf}- between them 
 and the church, which as yet we had never confidered; 
 and to cohfult fuch hiftorians as had given a faithful 
 account of it. This inquiry brought many things to 
 our view, of which we had never heard ; and con- 
 tributed very much to confirm us in the profenion to 
 which we had been educated : but, at the fame time, 
 it raifed in bur minds fbme new fufpicions againil our 
 non-conforming friends ; and the occafion called up- 
 on us to fay fome things which it could not be very 
 agreeable to them to hear, fo long as they perfiiled 
 in their feparation. In every controverf)', there will 
 be fome rough places, over which the tender-footed 
 will not be able to pafs without being hurt ; and v,hen 
 this happens, they will probably lay upon others that 
 fault which is to be found only in themfelves. It 
 happened asmight be expe6^cd. When the Anfwer 
 was publifhed, great offence was taken ; and they 
 who had argued for us, as Chrif^ians, in a coiTimon 
 caufe, began now to fhew themfelves as enemies to 
 the Church of England. They addrefTed themfelves 
 io us in fuch a ftrain, to the one by letter, to the 
 
 E a other
 
 68 THELIFEOF 
 
 other in converfation, as had no tendency to foften 
 or conciliate ; for it breathed nothing but contempt 
 and defiance. It had therefore the good effe6l of 
 obHging us to go on Hill farther in our inquiries, that 
 we might be able to ftand our ground. To this oc- 
 currence it was firft owing, that Mr. Home became 
 lb well learned in the controverfy between the Church 
 and the Se6laries, and was confirmed for life in his 
 attachment to ,thc Church of England*. It was 
 
 * The following extraft from a long letter, will (hew how his 
 mind was employed at the time when it was written : " I have 
 been reading fome of the works of Dr, George Hickes againft the 
 Romanifts. He is a found and acute reafoner, and differs from 
 L,eflie in this, that whereas Leflie's method was, to fingle out one 
 point which he calls the jugalum cauftty and Hick to that ; Hickes 
 follows them through all their objeclions ; unravels their fophiftr)', 
 and confirms all he fays with exadl and elaborate proofs. He fhews 
 the greateft knowledge of primitive antiquity, of fathers, councils, 
 and the conilituticn and difcipline of the church in the firlt and 
 pureft ages of it. This kind of learning is of much greater value 
 and confcquence than many now apprehend. What, next after the 
 Bible, can demand a Chriftiau's attention before the hiftorj' of the 
 church, purchafed by the blood of Chrift, founded by infpired 
 apoftles, and aftuattd by a fpirit of love and unity, which made a 
 heaven upon earth even in the rr.idll of perfecution, and enabled 
 them to lay down their lives for the truth's fake ? Much I am furc 
 fs done by tliat cementing bond of the fpirit, which unites Chriftians 
 to "their head and to one another, and makes them confidcr them- 
 felves as members of the fame body, that is as a church, as di fold of 
 iheep, not as flraggling individuals. What I fee of this in a certain 
 clafs of writers, determiiies me to look into that affair." Such a 
 man as this, fo far advanced in the days of his youth, would pay 
 but little regard to fliallow reafonings and hafty language from the 
 enemies of uniformity, 
 
 another
 
 Dr. HORN E. 69 
 
 another happy circumilance, that in the ifllie, by 
 
 perfons of more impartiality, the A nfwer to the Eflay 
 
 on Spirit, on which we had beitowed fo much labour, 
 
 was very favourably received ; efpecially in Ireland, 
 
 where it was moft wanted. The work v/as rendered 
 
 more ufeful by the opportunity it gave us of explaining 
 
 fomc abftrufe articles in the learning of antiquity ; 
 
 particularly, the Hermetic, Pythagorean and Platonic 
 
 Trinities ; which the writer of the Effay had prefled 
 
 into his fervicc, to diftra6t the minds of his readers, 
 
 without pretending to know the fenfe of them. We 
 
 had the advantage of the author in this fubjedt, from 
 
 having been permitted to look into fome manufcript 
 
 papers of a learned gentleman, who hadfpent feveral 
 
 years of his life in ftudying the myfteries of the antient 
 
 Greek Philofophy ; which, at the bottom, always 
 
 proved to be Materialifm. In this the fpcculations 
 
 of Heathen Philolophers naturally ended; and fo do 
 
 the fpcculations of thofe modems who follow them in 
 
 their ways of reafoning. 
 
 From our frequent intercourfe with the library 
 above mentione_d, we had the good fortune to meet 
 with the works of the Rev. Charles Leflie in two vols, 
 fol. which may be confidered as alibrar}' in themfelves 
 fo any voungftudentofthc Church of England ; and 
 no fuch perfon, who takes a fancy to what he there 
 finds, can ever fall into Socinianifm, Fanaticifm, 
 Popery, or any other of thofe more modern corrup-* 
 fions which infcft this church and nation. Every 
 treatife comprehended in that collcdtion is incom- 
 
 E 3 parable
 
 70 THELIFEOF 
 
 parable in its way : and I fhall never forget hovr Mr. 
 Home expreiTed his afionifliment, when he had pe- 
 rufed what Mr. Leflie calls the Hiltory of Sin and 
 Herefy ; which, from the hints that are found in the 
 Scriptures, gives an account how they (Sin and He- 
 refv) were generated among the angels before the 
 beginning of the world : " It is," faid he, " as if the 
 man had looked into heaven, to fee what pafTed there, 
 on occalion of Lucifer's rebellion." 
 
 In reading IMr. Lellie's Socinian controverfy, he 
 was highly amufed vvith a curiolity, which the author 
 by good fortune, though with great difficulty, had 
 procured and prefented to the public in an Englifh 
 tranllation from the Arabic. It is a Letter addrefled to 
 the Morocco AmbafTador, by two of the Socinian 
 fraternity in England, who called themfelves Two 
 lingle Philofophers, and propofed a religious com- 
 prehenfion with the Turks : the faid Socinians having 
 difcovered, that the Turks and themfelves were {o 
 nearly of one opinion, that very little was wanting 
 on either fide to unite them in the fame communion. 
 The prefent learned Bifhop of Rochefter, Dr. Horfley, 
 lighted upon the fame thing many years afterwards, 
 and was fo much ilruck with its fmgularity, that he 
 has referred to it in his works, to fhew how naturally 
 the religion of the S.ocinians ends in the enthufiafm 
 of Mahomet. 
 
 The fight of Mr. Leflie's two Theological folios 
 prepared Mr. Home for the reading fuch of his Poli- 
 tical works as fnould afterwards fall in his way : and 
 
 it
 
 Dr. HORNE. 71 
 
 ^t was not long before he met with a periodical paper, 
 under the title of The Rehcai*fals, which the author 
 had pubHflicd in the time of Queen Ann/when the 
 Infidels and Diflenters were moftbufy ; and had con- 
 ceived ftrong hopes (as they faid themfelves) of de- 
 stroying the eftabliflied Church. This paper boldly 
 encountered all their arguments ; diflc6led Sidney 
 and Locke ; confuted the republican principles_, and 
 cxpofed all the dcfigns of the party. That party, 
 however, had, at that time, intercft enough to get 
 the paper, which bore fo hard upon them, fupprefled 
 by authority : but not till the writer had done the 
 bell of his 'work; which made him boaft, notwith- 
 Itanding w^hat had happened, that he had fownthefe 
 feeds of orthodoxy and loyalty in this kingdom, w^hich 
 a/l the devils m hell 'would never he able to root out of it. 
 This lingular work, then lately re-printed in fix vo- 
 lumes (1750), fell into the hands of Mr. Home at 
 Oxford, and was examined with equal curiofity and 
 attention. According to his own account, he had 
 profited greatly by the reading of it : and the work, 
 which gave to one man of genius and difcemment lb 
 much fatisfa^tion, mufi; have had its efFe^l on many 
 others ; infomuch that it is iiighly probable, the loy- 
 alty found amonglt us at this day, and by which the 
 nation has of late been fo happily preferved, may have 
 grown up from fome of the feeds then fown by Mr. 
 Lcflie : and I have fome authority for what I fay*. 
 
 * No farther proof of this will be wanting to thpfe intelligent |er- 
 fons who read the learned Mr. Whitaker's Real Origin of Govern- 
 iftent, one of the greatell and beft pieces the times have produced. 
 
 E4 This
 
 iz THE LIFE OF 
 
 This I know, that the reading of that work begat \r\ 
 the mind of Mr. Home an early and ftrid attention 
 to thofe political differences, and the grounds of them, 
 which have at fundry times agitated this coun^iy, and 
 difturbed public affairs. In the year when Xhe, Jew- 
 Bill was depending, and after it had paffed the Houfe, 
 he frequently employed himfelf in fending to an 
 evening paper of the time certain communications, 
 which were much noticed; while the author was 
 totally unknown, except to fome of his neareft ac- 
 quaintance. By the favour of a great Lady, it was my 
 fortune (though then very young) to be at a table, 
 where fome perfons of the firft quality were alTembled ; 
 and I heard one of them* very earneft on the matter 
 and ftyle of fome of thefe papers, of which I knew the 
 fecret hiftor}^ ; and was not a little diverted when I 
 heard what paiTed about them. To the author of 
 thofe papers the Jew-Bill gave fo much offence (and 
 the Marriage-Bill not much lefs) that he refufcd to 
 dine at the table of a neighbouring gentleman, where 
 he was much admired, only becaufe the fon-in-law of 
 Mr. pel ham was to be there. He was therefore highly 
 gratified by the part taken in that perilous bufinefs by 
 the Reverend William Romaine ; who oppofed the 
 Confiderations difperfcd about the kingdom in defence 
 of the Jew-Bill, with a degree of fpirit and fuccefs, 
 which reminded us of Swift's oppoiitipn to Wood's 
 Llalf pence in his Drapier's Letters. 
 
 ** Lord Temple. 
 
 Mr.
 
 Dr. HORN E, 73 
 
 Mr. Hornc having entered upon his fii-ft Hebrew 
 iludies, not without an ardent piety, he was ready tg 
 lay hold of every thing that might advance him in the 
 knowledge and pra6lice of the Chriftian life. He 
 accordingly made himfelf well acquainted with the 
 ferious pra6tical writings of the Reverend William 
 Law, which, I believe, were firft recommended to 
 him by Mr. Hamilton, afterwards Archdeacon of Ra-- 
 phoe in Ireland, or by the Reverend Doctor Patten 
 of Corpus Chrifli College. He conformed himfelf 
 in many refpedls to the fi:ri6lnefs of Mr. Law's rules 
 of devotion ; but without any danger of falling, a$ 
 fo many did, after Mr. Law's example, into the ftu- 
 pendous reveries of Jacob Behmcn the German 
 Theofophift. From this he was efFedlually fecured 
 by his attachment to the do6lrines and forms of the 
 primitive Church, in which he- was well grounded by 
 the writings of Leflic, and alfo of the primitive Fa- 
 thers, fome of which were become familiar to him^ 
 and very highly efteemed. But being fenlible how 
 eafy it was for many of thofe who took their piety 
 from Mr. Law, to take his errors along with it, he 
 drew up a very ufeful paper, for the fecurity of fuch 
 pcrfons as might not have judgment enough to dif- 
 tinguifh properly, under the title of Cautions to the 
 Readers of Mr. Law : and excellent they are for the 
 purpofe intended. They fhew the goodnefs of his 
 heart, and the foundncfs of his judgment. 
 
 Some worthy ladies, who were in the habit of read- 
 ing Mr. Law, had from thence filled their heads with. 
 9 feveral
 
 f-^ THE LIFE OF 
 
 feverai of the. wild notions of Jacob Benmcn ; and 
 -were zealous in making profelytes. A lady of fafliion 
 ,in Ireland, of the firft rate for beauty, elegance and 
 acconfiplifhment, was going apace into this way, at 
 4he inftance of a profelyting acquaintance. Her 
 Situation was known and lamented ; and it was 
 earneftly wifhed that fomebody would undertake to 
 open her eyes before fhe was too far gone. Mr. 
 Home, though much intereited in the fuccefs of fuch 
 an attempt, did not take the office upon himfelf, but 
 committed it to a friend ; and the paper produced the 
 deiired effect. 
 
 When the-writings of Lcflic, or Law, or Hutchin- 
 fon, were before Mr. Home, he ufed them with judg- 
 ment and moderation, to qualify and temper each 
 jfjther : he took what was excellent from all, without 
 admitting what was exceptionable from any. To his 
 academical Greek and Latin he had added a familiar 
 acquaintance with the Hebrew ; and having found 
 his way to the Chriftian Fathers, I confider him now 
 as a perlbn furnithed with every light, and fecured 
 from every danger, which could poffibly occur to him 
 as a member of the Church of England ; and con- 
 fequently well prepared for any fervice the times 
 might require of him. In Englifli divinity he had 
 alfo greatly improved himfelf by tlie writings of Dr. 
 Jackfon, and Dr. Jeremy Taylor : from the latter of 
 which, I fuppofe him to have derived much of that 
 ijfiildnefs and devotion, for which he was afterwards 
 
 fo
 
 D R. H O R N E. j 
 
 if) conspicuous*. The former^ Dr. Jackfon, is a 
 magazine of theological learning, every where penned 
 with great elegance and dignity, fo that his ftyle is a 
 pattern of perfe6lion. His writings, once thought 
 ineftimable by eveiy body but the Calvinifts, had been 
 greatly negle6led, and would probably have continu- 
 ed fo, but for the praifes bellowed upon them by the 
 celebrated Mr. Merrick of Trinity College in Oxford, 
 who brought them once more into repute with many 
 learned readers. The early extracts of Mr. Hornc, 
 which are now remaining, Ihevv how much informa- 
 tion he derived from this excellent writer; who de- 
 fei-yes to be numbered with the Englifli Fathers of the 
 Church. That there cannot be in the Church of 
 England a ufeful fcholar, unlefs he is precife in fol- 
 lowing the fame track of learning, I vvmII not prefume 
 to fay : but this I (hall always think, that if we are 
 ever to fee another Mr. Hornc ; a commentator lb 
 Ikilful, a preacher fo eloquent, a companion fo plea- 
 fant, a Chriftian fo exemplary ; he mult come out 
 of the fame fchool. 
 
 With his mind thus furniftied, the time drew near 
 when he was to take holy orders. This was a fcrious 
 
 * From many pafiages which might be prod^iced from his pi-;vate 
 letters and his printed works, no Engh'fli writer feems to have taken 
 his fancy, and fallen in fo exactly with his own difpofition as Dr. 
 Taylor ; tirft in his Lifeof Chrift, then in his DuftorDubitantium 
 or Rule of Confcicnce, and afterwards in his Rule and Exercife of 
 Holy Dying, which he calls a Golden Traft, and the author of It 
 the inimitable Bilhop Jeremy Taylor. See his Commentary on 
 Pfalm cxix. v. yi. 
 
 affair
 
 y6 THELIFEOF 
 
 flffair to him : and he entered upon it, as every can- 
 didate ought to do, with a refolution to apply the 
 itudies he had followed to the pra61ice of his miniflry ; 
 and, above all the refi, his fludy of the Holy Scripture, 
 3oon after he had been ordained on Trinity Sunday 
 1753 by the Biihop of Oxford, he related the cir- 
 cumftance by letter to an intimate friend, not without 
 adding the following petition, which is well worth 
 preferving : " May he who ordered Peter three times 
 io feed his lamhs^ give me grace, knowledge and fkill 
 to watch and attci^d to the flock, which he purchafed 
 upon the crofs, and to give reft to thofe who are under 
 the burden of tin or foiTOw. It hath pleafed God to 
 call me to the miniftry in very troublefome times in^ 
 deed; when a lion arid a bear have broken into the fold, 
 and are making havock among the fheep. With a 
 firm, though humble confidence, do I purppfe to go 
 forth ; not in my own llrength, but in the ftrength 
 of the Lord God ; and may he profiler the work of 
 my hands !" He came to me, then refident upon the 
 curacy of Finedon in Northamptonfhire, to preach 
 his firft fermon : to which, as it might be expelled, 
 I liftened w'ith no fmall attention ; under an aflurance, 
 that his docirine would be good, and that he was 
 capable of adorning it to a high degree v/ith beautiful 
 language and a graceful delivery. The difcourfc he 
 then preached, though excellent in its kind, is not 
 printed among his other works. Scrupulous critics, 
 ^e thought, might be of opinion, that he had given 
 too great fcope to his imagination : and that the ic^t, 
 
 in
 
 Dr. HORNE. 77 
 
 in the fenfe he took it, was not a foundation Iblid 
 enough to build fo much upon. This was his fcn- 
 timent when his judgment was more mature; and he 
 feems to mc to have judged rightly. Yet the difcourfe' 
 v/as admirable in refpcft of its compofition and its 
 moral tendency. Give me an audience of well dif- 
 pofed ChriftianSj among whom there are no dry moral- 
 ills, no faflidious critics ; and I would ftake. my life 
 upon the hazard of pleating them all by the preaching 
 of that fcrmon. With farther preparation, and a 
 little more experience, he preached in a more public 
 pulpit, before one of the largcft and moll polite con- 
 gregations at London. The preacher, whole place 
 lie fupplied, but who attended in the church on pur- 
 pofe to hear him, was fo much affected by what he 
 had heard, and the manner in which it was delivered,, 
 that when he vilited me fhortlv after in the country, 
 he was fo full of this fermon, that he gave me the 
 matter and the method of it by heart ; pronouncing 
 at the end of it, what a writer oi his life ought never 
 to forget, that " George Home was, without ex- 
 ception, the belt preacher in England." Which 
 tefrimony was the more valuable, becaufe it came 
 f]'om a perfon, who had, with m.any people, the re- 
 putation of being fuch himfelf. This fermon is pre- 
 ferved ; and if the reader fhould be a judge, and will 
 take the pains to examine it, he will think it merits, 
 what is here laid of it. The fubjc<5l is the fecond 
 advent of Chrift to judgment. The text is from Rev. 
 1, "], Behold he, comcih 'j:ith cloids, and eveiy eye 
 
 Jhall
 
 7? THE LIFE OF 
 
 jfmll fee hhn, and they alfo which per ced him ; afrdaH 
 hndreds of the earth Jb all wail he^aufe' of him. Even 
 fo. Amen.* 
 
 Belides his talent for preaching, which from the 
 beginning proraifed (and has now produced) great 
 things ; Mr. Home had obtained fo high a charadler 
 at Oxford, for his humanity, condefccnfion and piety, 
 that his reputation caitie to the ears of a criminal in 
 the Caftle, under fentence of dca:th for dne of the 
 many high-way robberies he Iiad coniimittcd. The 
 name of this man was Dumas ; he was an Irifhman 
 by birth ; and his appearance and addrefs had fo much 
 of the gentleman, that he was a perfon of the tirlt 
 rank in his profcffion. This man having heard of 
 Mr. Home, as a perfon remarkable for his fenfe and 
 goodnefs, requeiled the favour of his attendance ; to 
 which, on a principle of confcience, he confented j 
 though the otiice was fuch as would probably put the 
 tcndernefs of his mind to a very fcvere trial. And fb 
 it proved in the event ; his health being confiderably 
 affccled for fome time afterwards. I do not find 
 among his papers any minutes of this affair prefcrved 
 in writing:}: : and though he gave me a large account 
 of it, to which I could not but liflcn with great atten- 
 tion, I cannot recollect fo much of it as I with to 
 do, at this diftance of time. This I know, that he 
 M.i^ to think anxioufly with himfclf day and nighty 
 
 See Scrm. vol. I. Di'fc. 6. 
 
 + Bat the prayers he compofcd for the occafion afe in One of 
 bisMSS.-
 
 Hr. hornf. 
 
 19 
 
 m what manner be fhould addrefs this unhappy riian/ 
 and what kind^ of fpiritual counlrl would be moft 
 likely to fucceed with him ; for be found him, though 
 readv and feniible enough in all common things, de- 
 plorably deftitutc of all religious knowdcdge. To the 
 beft of my remembrance he always chofe to be quite 
 alone with him when he attended ; and by repeated 
 applications, and conflant prayer, rccommendeel by 
 his mild and engaging manner, thought he had made 
 fome confidcrable impreflion upon his mind. In the 
 kift conference before his execution, he thanked Mr.- 
 Home very heartily for his goodnefsto him, and ufed 
 thefe very remarkable words : " Sir, you may perhaps 
 wonder at what I am about to tell you ; but, I do 
 allure you, I feci at this moment no more fcnfc of 
 fear, than I tbould do if I were going a commori 
 journey." To this Mr. Home anfwered, that he was 
 indeed very much furprifed ; but he hoped it was- 
 upon aright principle. And fb XoX us hope : thougii 
 the criminal was fcarcely explicit enough to give due 
 fetisfa61ion, whether this indifference proceeded from* 
 Chriltian hope, or conititutional hardnei]?. Thecon- 
 verfation between tha ordinary and the prifoner the 
 evening before he fuffered (as Mr. Hcrne related it,, 
 Vk'ho was prelent at the interview) contifted chiefly 
 in an cxacl defcription of all the particulars of the 
 ceremonial, which the prifoner w^as to go through in 
 the way to his death ; and of courfe had very little 
 either of comfort or inilru6lion in it. The feelings 
 of that gentleman, who had attended the executions 
 
 for
 
 te THELIFEOF 
 
 for fcveral years, were very different from thofe of liiii 
 alliflant ; and he fpoke of the approaching execution 
 with as little emotion, as if Mr. Dumas had taken it* 
 place for the next morning in an Oxford coach : fuch 
 is the cfFedlof cuftom upon fome minds. 
 
 Thus was Mr. Home initiated early into the mod 
 difficult duty of the paftoral charge, the vilitation of 
 the lick and dying : a work of extreme charity ; but 
 for which all men are not equally fit ; fomc be- 
 caufe they have too little tendernefs, others becaufe 
 they have too much. It is a blefiing that there are 
 many helps and directions for thofe who wifh to im- 
 prove themfelvcs. The office in the Liturgy is ex- 
 cellent in its kind, but it doth not come up to all cafes. 
 Among the pofthumous papers of Bifliop Home, I find 
 an inellimable manufcript, which it is probable he 
 might begin to compile for his own ufe about this 
 time, and partly for the occafion of which I have been 
 ipeaking. He was by no means unacquainted with 
 the matter and the language of prayer ; having fhewn 
 to me, as we were upon a walk one fummer's evening 
 in the country, when he was a very young man^ that 
 precious compofition of Biffiop Andrews, the firft 
 copy of which occurred to him in the library of Mag- 
 dalen College; on which he fet fo great a value 
 during the reft of his life, that while he was Dean of 
 Canterbury, he publiflicdj after the example of the 
 excellent Dean Stanhope his predeceflbr, a handfome 
 Englilb edition of it. The original is in Greek and 
 Latin j and it happened fomc time after Mr. Hornci 
 
 had
 
 Dr. HORNE. St 
 
 liad firft brought the work into reqiieft, that a good 
 number of copies of the Greek and Latin edition were 
 difcovered in a warehoufc at Oxford, where they had 
 lain undiflurbed in fhcets for many years. In the 
 copy publifhed after Dean Stanhope's form, the Ma- 
 nual for the Sick, though the beft thing extant upon 
 its fubje6l, is wholly omitted: but in the pofthumous 
 manufcript I fpeak of, the whole is put together, with 
 improvements by the compiler ; and I wifli all the 
 parochial clergy in the nation were potfefled of it. 
 
 We are now coming to a more bufy period of Mr^ 
 Home's life, when he was called upon (in the year 
 1756) to be an apologift for himfelf and fbme of his 
 friends, againft the attack of a literary adverlary. 
 
 In the controverfy about Hebrew names, and their 
 ^doubtful interpretations, in which the learned Dr. 
 Shaip of Durham was prevailed upon (as it is reported 
 much againft his will) to engage, Mr. Home never 
 interfered ; as being of opinion, that if all that part 
 of Mr. HutchinfOn's fyftem were left to its fate, the 
 inofl ulcful and valuable parts of it would flill remain, 
 with their evidences from the Scripture, the natural 
 world, and the teftimony of facred and profane anti* 
 tjuity. He was likewife of opinion, that where ^jjords 
 ure the fubjexft, words may be multiplied without 
 -end : and the witnefles of the difpute, at leafl the 
 majority of them, having no competent knowledge 
 of fo uncommon a fubjecft, would be fure to go as 
 fafliion and the current of the times fhould direct. 
 That a zealous reader of the Hebrew, captivated by 
 
 F the
 
 82 THELIFEOF 
 
 the cunofity of its etymologies^ fhoultl purfuc thcirif 
 beyond the bounds of prudence, is not to be wonderecf 
 at. Many Hebrew etymologies are fo well founded^ 
 and give fo much light into the learning cf antiquity, 
 and the origin of languages, that no man can be a 
 complete Philologift without a proper knowledge of 
 
 . them^ The learned well know how ufeful Mr. Bry- 
 ant has endeavoured to make himfelf of late years by 
 following them : and yet, it mull be confefled that, 
 with all his learning, he has many fancFcs and pecu- 
 liarities of his own, which he would find it difficirit 
 to maintain. If Hutchinlon and his followers have 
 been fometimes vifionary in their criticifms, and car- 
 ried things too far, it does not appeal* tjiat the worfU 
 
 . of their interpretations are fo bad as thofe of fome 
 learned critics in the lafl century, who from the 
 allowed primaevity of their favourite language applied 
 it without difcretion to every tiling. All the names 
 in Homer's Iliad and Odyfley were hebraized, and 
 all his fables were derived from fbme hi'ftory or other 
 in the Bible i and this to fueh a degree, as was utterly 
 improbable, and even childrlTi and ridiculous*. Such- 
 are the weakncfTcs to which great fcholars arc fubjedly 
 in common with other men ;. fometimes for want of 
 
 . light, and fometimes for want of difcretion : and the 
 greatefi fcholars of this- age are not without them. 
 
 * If the curfous reader can meet with a book under the title of 
 Oi/.rrf^EQfui(uy, he will fee this plan, of deriving all things from the 
 Hebrew, carried to extremity. He may alfo find other examples^ 
 but not b extravagant, in Gale's Court of the Gentiles.
 
 Dn. HORNE. 3 
 
 ,J)r. Hornej I have reafbn to think, did To much juftice 
 to the criticifms of Dr. Sharp, as to read them care-^ 
 fully : which is more than I dare fay of myfelf ; and I 
 may plead in my behalf the example of my learned 
 and refpe6lable friend, Granville Sharp, Efq. the fori 
 of the Archdeacon ; who very ingenuoufly owned to 
 me, that he had never read his father's books in the 
 Hutchinfonian controverfy : perhaps, becaufe he is 
 <as little inclined to logomachy as I am. However^ 
 I have fcen enough to difcover from the general 
 tenor of them, that it leems to have been the defign 
 of that learned author, to raife difficulties, and throw 
 things into the fliade : in which he has apparently 
 fucceedcd. When I look into a writer of the Hut- 
 chinlbnian perfuafion, thougii I may fufpedl his critic 
 cifms, and diflike his manner, I am animated by his 
 zeal, and generally learn fomething ufeful : but when 
 I look into the criticifms of Dr. Sharp, I learn nothings 
 feel cold and difJatisfied with all languages and all 
 fcience ; as if the Scripture itfelf were out of tune, 
 and divinity merely a difpute. It is therefore my 
 perfnafion, that his writings have done little fervice to 
 Theology or Philology, but that they have operated 
 rather as a difcouragemcnt ; for who will labour, if 
 there be no proipecSl of coming to any determination 
 one way or the other ? That I am not taking a part 
 ^gahifi Dr. Sharp, but that Dr. Shafp did in this 
 refpeiSl take a part againfl himfelf, is evident from 
 his own words ; which do plainly declare, that his 
 obje6l in writing againft the followers of Hutchinfon 
 
 F a was.
 
 24 THELIFEOF 
 
 was, to pro've the uncertainty of fomefh'ing affirmed to 
 he certain. I know of Tome, who took the contrary 
 part ; endeavouring to prove the certainty offomething 
 affirmed to he uncertain ; and I think they were more 
 hopefully employed : for where uncertainty is the prize^ 
 what encouragement is there to llrive for it ? Mr. 
 Home, who knew the value of his time, had no in- 
 clination to wafle any of it in this endlefs chace of 
 verbal critieifm : and I have rcafon to think, that if 
 there was any ftudy in particular to which he took a 
 complete averfion, it was the Hutehinfonian con- 
 troverfy about a few Hebrew words : I therefore fee 
 no reafon to give any farther account of it. 
 
 Another difpute foon arofe_, after that of Dr. Sharp, 
 which was of much greater concern ; and fo Mr. 
 Home thought, from the part he took in it. How 
 he acquitted himfclf, the reader muft judge when 
 he has heard the particulars. 
 
 With many young fcholars in the Univerlity of 
 Oxford, the principles of Hutchinfon began to be in 
 fuch efteem, that fome member of the Univeriity, 
 who was in the oppofite intereft, or had no fancy to 
 that way, made a very fevere attack upon them in an 
 anonymous pamphlet, intitled, A Word to the Hut- 
 chinfonians ; and Mr. Hornc being perfonally flruck 
 at, as the principal obje6l of the author's animadvcr- 
 lions, was obliged to take up the pen in defence of 
 himfclf and his friends. The public in general, and 
 Mr. Home in particular, by fome verj' broad hints, 
 gave the thing to Mr. Kennicott of Exeter College, 
 
 a mao.
 
 Dr. HORN E. 85 
 
 a man of parts, and a clear agreeable writer, who had 
 very juflly acquired fome fame for his Ikill in the 
 Hebrew language. His two Diflcrtations, one on 
 the Tree of Life, and the other on the Sacrifices of 
 Cain and Abel, were in many hands, and fo well 
 approved, that fome farther and better fruit of his. 
 ftudies might rcafonably be expe(9:ed. As to the 
 author of this anonymous pamphlet, I can affirm 
 nothing pofitively from my own knowledge : I can 
 only relate what was told me by Dr. Golding of New 
 College, who was afterwards Warden of Winchcfter. 
 From this gentleman I heard what had happened to 
 himfelf in regard to the publication above mentioned, 
 and what his own fentiments were. Soon after it 
 appeared, Mr, Kennicott accofted him in a book- 
 feller's fhop, " Dr. Golding, I give you joy, on being 
 the author of a very ingenious pamphlet called A 
 Word to the Hutchinfonians." " Indeed, faid Dr. 
 Golding, I was not the author of it, but I believe you 
 know who was." When an anfwer had appeared, 
 with the name of Mr. Home to it. Dr. Golding, 
 meeting Mr. Kennicott in the ftreet, faid, " Well, 
 Mr. Kennicott, and who is the author of the Word 
 to the Hutchinfonians noi^ f Which queftion was 
 only anfwered bj' a laugh. The Dr. Golding of 
 whom I am fpeaking, had been a preacher much ap- 
 proved in the pulpit of the Univerfity, and had con- 
 tended with fome zeal for the principles of Hutchin- 
 fon : but had now the reputation of having fbrfaken 
 them all; which report might pollibly give oqgs&ovi 
 
 ^ to
 
 86 THELIFEOF 
 
 to Mr. Kennicott's compliment ; it being not im- 
 probable that aperfon who could forfake them, would 
 make it his next ftcp (as Dr. Dodd aftenvards did) to 
 write againfl them. He had been an intimate friend 
 to the above mentioned Mr. Watfon of Univerfity 
 College, who had recommended him to travel as a' 
 tutor with the Earl of Dartmouth and Mr. North, 
 afterwards Lord North and Lord Guildford, with 
 whom he fpent fome time abroad. He was undoubt- 
 edly a man of learning and ability : but being under, 
 the repute of having renounced fome principles he 
 had once received, I was very defirous to knov/ hqw 
 that matter might be : and Dr. Golding, at my re- 
 queft, waS'fo obliging as to do me the honour of a 
 viiit, while I lived at a private houfe in Oxford. I 
 told him plainly, that there were fome opinions of 
 Hutchinfon in Natural Philofophy, which, when pro- 
 perly diflinguifhed, did appear to me to be true, and, 
 as fuch, worth recommending to the \yorld : and that 
 as I had fome intention of taking the office upon my- 
 l*elf, I fhould efteem it as a great favour, if he, being 
 a perfon of more years and experience, would com- 
 municate to me fairly thofe objecflions, which had 
 taken efftt upon his own mind ; that if I fhould be 
 ilaggered with them, my defign might be laid afidc. 
 The Do6lor was full of pleafantry and good humour; 
 gave me the "whole ftory about the pamphlet, as above 
 related ; fpoke with great refpe6l of Mr. Home . but 
 as to the particular object of my enquiry, his philofo- 
 phical reajons, I could not fuccecd in drawing any one 
 
 of
 
 D R. H O R N E. Sy 
 
 t3fthem out of him, and am to this hour in the dark 
 upon the fubjedl. I fhall not therefore indulge my- 
 felf in, Speculations and conjectures, for which I have 
 no authority ; but only remark in general, what all 
 men of difeernment know to be true ; that as a mane's 
 opinions have an influence upon his expcdlations in 
 this world (as I have felt to my coll) fo, his expecta- 
 tions in this, world may have an influence upon his 
 opinions. Hoping that I fhall be pardoned for a 
 fmall digreflion, not quite foreign to the fubjeCl in 
 hand, I return now to Mr. Home and his Apology*, 
 of which I fhall give a fliort view ; but it is a work 
 which cannot without injury be abridged ; as com- 
 prehending a great variety- of lubjeCls in a Irnall com- 
 pafs. 
 
 The temper of it appears in the firfl: page. TIic 
 excellent Hooker had replied to a petulant adverfary 
 in the following very fignificant words : " Your next 
 argument confllts of railing and reafons. To vour 
 railing I fay nothing : to your rcafohs I fay what 
 follows." " This fentence, fays the apologill, I am 
 obliged to adopt, as the rule of my owrl conducl : the 
 author I am now concerned with having mixed with 
 his arguments a great deal ofbitternefs and abufe, 
 wliich mufh do as little credit to himfelf as fervice 
 to his caufe. He is in full expectation of being 
 heartily abufed in return : but I have no occaflon for 
 that fort of artillery ; and have learned befldes, that 
 
 * The title is An Apology for certain Gentlemen in the Univer- 
 fity of Oxford, afperfed in a late anonymous Pamphlet. 
 
 P 4 the
 
 88 THE LIFE OF 
 
 the wrath ofmanworketh not the right eoufnefi of GotL 
 Therefore, in the words of the excellent Hoo^Ler, to 
 bis railing I fay nothings to his reafons 1 fay iiohat 
 follows.^'' 
 
 To the charge of being an Hutch infon ran, a name 
 fo invidioufly applied, as a feclarian appellation, to 
 himfelf and other readers of Hiitchinfon's writings, 
 he anfwers, that, as Chriftians, they acknowledge no 
 Mafier but one^ that is Chrift : that they were mem- 
 bers only of The Church : and that as all their reading 
 had not formed them into a Se(^, they ought not to 
 have a mark fet upon them, " Is it not hard meafure, 
 fays he, that when a clergyman only preaches the 
 do6lrines and enforces the duties of Chriftianity from 
 the Scriptures, his character fhall be blafted, and 
 himfelf rendered odious by the force of a name, 
 which, in fuch cafes, always iignifies w^hat the im- 
 pofers pleafe to mean, and the people to hate ? There 
 are many names of this kind now in vogue. If a mau 
 preaches Chriil, that he is the end of the law, and 
 thefulnefs of the gofpel- ' You need not mind him; 
 he is a Hutchinfonian.' If he mentions the ailiftance 
 and direction of the Holy Spirit, with the neceffity of 
 prayer, mortification, and the taking up of the crofs 
 ' O, he is a Methodift !' If he talks of the divine 
 right of Epifcopacy, with a word concerning the 
 danger of Schifm ' Juft going over to Popery 1* 
 And if he preaches ohedience to King George ' You 
 may depend upon it, he is a Pretender's man.' Many 
 things may be ridiculed under their falfe titles, which 
 
 it
 
 DRt HORNE. S9 
 
 it would not he fo decent to laugh at under their 
 true ones." 
 
 A3 to their being a fedl or combination of Sepa- 
 ratifts from the Church-of-England Chriftians, " Wc 
 do, fays he, mod: fincerely difavovv the name and the 
 thing. In the communion of the Church of England 
 we intend to die. To every zealous friend and pro- 
 moter of the intereft of Chrifiianity, the Scriptures, 
 and the Church, we are ready cheerfully to give the 
 right hand of fellowfhip, whether he be a reader of 
 Mr. Hutch infon or not, &c. ' They tell men' (faid 
 their accufcr) ' that they, and they only, are the 
 fervants of the moft high God, who fhew forth the 
 way of falvation :' ^ they labour to difcredit all other 
 preachers.' " By no means" (fays the anfwerer) 
 " they labour to difcredit all falfe doclrines, preached 
 by many who should preach the gofpcl. It is the 
 complaint of hundreds of fcrious and pious Chriflians, 
 who never read or heard of Mr. Hutchinfon, that 
 there is at prefent a lamentable falling off from the 
 OLD way of preaching and expounding the word of" 
 God. And if there befuch a defeetion from the pri- 
 mitive manner of preaching, the proper place wherein 
 to fpeak of it is an Univerfity, where preachers arc 
 educated. If offence fhould be taken at this, I can 
 only fay, that if any one will tell me how truth may 
 be fpokcn, in fuch cafes as thefc, without offending 
 fome, I will fpare no labour to learn the art of it." 
 
 If any perfon withes to know all the particular 
 charges brought forward by this author, and how 
 
 they
 
 ^ THE LIFE OF 
 
 tirey are anAvered, he will find the pamphlet at large 
 a very curious piece, and to that I would refer him : 
 but fbme of thefe anfwers carry fo much inftrLi6lion, 
 that I cannot refrain from extracting a few of them. 
 To the charge of their infuUing and tramplhig upon 
 reafon, under pretence of glorifying revelat'1071, Mr. 
 Home anfwers : " The almfe, not the ufe, of reafon, 
 IS what we argue againft. Reafon, we lay, was made 
 to learn, not to tah. What the eye is to the body, 
 reafon or underftanding is to the foul ; as faith the 
 apoftte, Eph. i. 18, having \hQ eyes of your under- 
 Jtand'wg enlightened. The eye is framed in fuch a 
 manner as to be capable oi feeing-, reafon in fuch a 
 manner as to be capahle of knozving. But the eye, 
 though ever fo good, cannot fee without light: reafon, 
 though ever fo perfedl, cannot know without inftruc- 
 tron. Therefore the phrafe, light of reafon, is im- 
 proper; becaufe it is as abfurd to make reafon its 
 own informer, as to make the eye the fource of its 
 own light : whereas reafon can be no more than the 
 organ which, receives inftru<5lion, as the eye admits 
 the light of heaven. A man may as well take a view 
 of things upon earth in a dark night by the light of his 
 own eye, as difcover the things of heaven, during the 
 night of nature, by the light of his own reafon,'' &c. 
 
 To another limilar objection, often made againft 
 them, that they decry natural religion, it is anfwcred, 
 *' To be furc, we do ; becaufe, at the beft, it is a 
 religion without the knowledge of the true God, or 
 the hope of falvation ; which is Deifm t and it is a 
 
 matter
 
 Dr. HORN E. 91 
 
 matter of fa6l, that from Adam to this day, there 
 never was, or could he, a man left to h'lmfelf, to make 
 a religion of nature. It is, we know, a received 
 notion, that man, by a due and proper' ufe of his 
 reafoning facnhies, may do great things : and fo, by 
 a due and proper ufe of the organs of vifion, he may 
 know much of the obje6ls around him. But ftill, the 
 pinching queilion returns : is it not Tight that enables 
 him to make a due and proper ufe of the one, and 
 ^ hiftru6lion of the other ? Shew us the eye that fees 
 without light, and the underftanding that reafons 
 upon religion without inftru61:ion, and we will allow 
 they both do it by the light of nature. Till then, let 
 us hear no more of natural religion. And let me, 
 on the fubje6ls of reafon and nature, recommend 
 two books : the firft, Mr. Leflie's Short and Eafy 
 Method with the Deifts ; where the debate between 
 them and the Chriftians upon the evidence of revela- 
 tion is brought to a lingle point, and their caufe 
 overthrown for ever. This moft excellent piece, 
 with the other Tra6ls of the fame author ufually 
 bound with it, have, I thank God, entirely removed 
 every doubt from my mind : and,- in my poor opinion, 
 they render the metafhyfical performances upon the 
 fubjedl entirely ufelefs. The fecond book I would 
 recommend, isDr. Ellis's Knowledge of DivineThings 
 from Revelation, not from Reafon or Nature. In 
 this book natural religion is fairly demolifhed." 
 
 Mr. Ilorne and his friends were farther charged 
 with " a great contempt for learning^'' " But that," 
 
 favs
 
 92, THELIFEOF 
 
 fays he, '^ depends upon the nature and kifid of iht 
 learning. Becaufe fometimes a man is called a leartied 
 man, who, after a courfe of feveral yearV hard ftudy> 
 caa tell you, within a trifle, how many degrees of the 
 npn-entity of nothing muft be annihilated, before it 
 comes to be fomething. See King's Origin of Evil, 
 ch. iii. p. 129, with the note. That fuch kind of 
 learning as that book is filled with, and the prefent 
 age is much given to admire, has done no fervice to 
 the caufe of truth, but on the contrary that it has 
 done infinite differvice, and almofl reduced us from 
 the unity of Chriftian faith to the wrangling ofphi- 
 lofophic fcepticifm, is the opinion of many bcfides 
 ourfelves, and too furcly founded on fatal exferience''' 
 " As to thofe who are engaged in the ftudy of 
 ufeful Arts and Sciences, Languages, Hiftory, An- 
 tiquities, Phyfics, &c. &c. with a view to make them 
 handmaids to divine knowledge ; we honour their 
 employment, we deilre to emulate their induflry, and 
 moft fincercly wifh them good luck in the name of 
 the Lord." The Mctaphyfical Syftem alluded to 
 above, was a book in great requefl at Cambridge, 
 between the years 1740 and 1750 ; and was extolled 
 by fome young men who ftudied it, as a grand repo- 
 iitory of human wifdom. The notes were written by 
 Dr. Edmund Law, aflerwards Bifhop of Carliflc. 
 Having heai'd fo high a character of it, I once fat down 
 to read it, with a prejudice in its favour. I afterwards 
 (hewed it Mr. Home : and when he had confidercd 
 it, we could not but lament in fccrct, what he at 
 
 length
 
 Dr. HORN E. ^3 
 
 length complained of in public, that a work fo un- 
 founded and fo unprofitable fhould have engaged the 
 attention, and excited the adinirction, of fcholars in- ' 
 tended for the preaching of the Gofpel. The account 
 here given of it has fomelhing of the caricature; but 
 the leading principle of the book is in fubftance as 
 the apologift has defcribed it. 
 
 Whoever the author of the pamphlet was, he feems 
 to have entered upon his work with a perfuafion, that 
 the gentlemen of Oxfoixl to whom he gives the name 
 of Hulchinfonians, were in fuch difelteem with the 
 world, fo little known by fome, and fo much difliked 
 by others, that any bold attack upon their chai'a(5lcrs 
 would be fufficient to run them down : and imagining 
 that his book muft have that effed:, he foretells them 
 how they muft fubmit, in confequenceof it, \odefcend 
 <ind jiiik into the deepeji humiliation, &c. This is not 
 criticifm, but unmerciful outrage ; apd the author 
 has fo much of it, that the apologift having colletSled 
 it together, concludes with a very pathetic remon- 
 ftrance : " Thefe, lir, are hard fpeeches againft men, 
 of whom, their enemies themfelves, being judges, 
 muft own, that they are found in thz faith, fteady ta 
 the church, and regular in their duties Upon a 
 impartial furvey of all that has been laid or wTitten 
 againft us I mtift declare, that neither againji the lazv^ 
 neither againji the temfle, neither againji Ccejar, is it 
 proved that we have ojfendedany thing at all,'"' &c. &c. 
 The reader may perhaps obfen^e upon what I have 
 \ prefented to him, and he would fee it more plainly 
 A 5 if
 
 ^^ THE Life of 
 
 if he were to read the whole book, as I would advlfc 
 him to do, that the difpute relates chiefly to tho 
 foundations of religion. Oniutchinfon we hear but 
 little ; his name was the match that gave fire to the 
 train : but the queftion feans really to have been this;, 
 whether Chrifiianity, in the truth and fpirit of it, 
 might to be preferved ; or whether a fpiritlefs thing, 
 called by the name of Chriftianity, would anf.ver the 
 purpolc better : in other words, whether the religion 
 of Man's Philofophy, or the religion of God's Reve- 
 lation, fliould prevail. If this was the queftion, a 
 more important one was never agitated fince the be- 
 ginning of the Reformation ; and ever)' tnie Chriftian 
 bath an intcreft in the ifllie of it. The temper with 
 which Mr. Home conducted himfclf, though under 
 very great provocation, is much to be admired. 
 There never was a piece of inveciive more and 
 completely taken down than in the Apology ; the 
 matter of it is both inftrudlive and curious: feveral 
 points of divinity, more than my fliort abftracSl would 
 admit, are truly and clearly ftated : and as to the 
 chara<5fers of the writer himfelf and his friends, we 
 lee the crimes of which they were accufed, and the 
 defence they were able to make ; of which defence 
 thofe perfons could form no judgment, who had 
 taken their opinion of the parties from the Reviews 
 and other difaffecfed publications of the time ; unlefs 
 they were wife enough to collect by inference, that 
 where bad things were lb much applauded, that which 
 was difpraifcd and outraged muft have fome good in 
 
 it.
 
 Dr. HORN E. 95 
 
 it. As to myfclf, I freely confcfs, I am to this hour 
 tleligh.tcd and edified by that Apology ; and after ib 
 many years, I fee no reafon to depart from any one 
 of its doctrines ; but fhould be thankful to God, if 
 all the young clergy of this chureh were almoft and 
 altogether fuch as Mr. Home was when he wrote it; 
 and I heartily wifh it may be repiiblifhed with his 
 works, that they may have an opportunity of reading 
 it. And I would advife, if it were poflible, they 
 fliould fee what the learned Dr. Patten wrote in the 
 fame year ; who was author of another Apology ; 
 which, with its defence againft the Reverend Mr, 
 Ralph Heathcotc, difplays the meeknefs of great 
 learning againfl the vain blultcrings of great alHir- 
 iince * : and, to ihew how the Reviews of this country 
 impofc upon the ignorant and the credulous, Mr. 
 Hcathcote was highly commended, and the character 
 , of Dr. Patten was taken from the rcprefentation of 
 his advcrfary, without reading his book-|-. But I muil 
 now proceed to another caufc, which made more 
 noife in the world, and is in itfelf of fuch import- 
 ance that it ought never to be forgotten. 
 
 After his Apology, Mr. Home took a part in the 
 controversy with Mr. Kennicott on the TcKt of the 
 
 Hebrcvy 
 
 * WHiat David Hume calls the Illiberal Petulance, Arrogance, 
 and Scurrility cf the Warburtonian School. See his Life, p^ 2 r. 
 
 f Vellra folum legitis, veftra amatis : csetcros caufa incognita 
 
 conderTinatis. See the Crit. Rev. for April 1756. In the year 
 
 1759 Dr. Patten preached another fermon before the Univerfitj-, 
 
 which he printed. In this the fubjecl of his two former pieces is 
 
 . continued, and the argument carried on farther, and well fupported.
 
 SG THELIFEOF 
 
 Hebrew Bible ; in which he and his friends To deeply 
 interefted thcmfelves, on a principle ofconfcienceas 
 tvell as of hterary evidence, that it is impoflible for 
 me to proceed in the tafk I have undertaken, without 
 giving a phiin and impartial account of what paflecl 
 upon that occafion ; and it will afford me an oppor- 
 tunity of bringing to light an extraordinary chara6ler 
 of whom the worM never heard. 
 
 Mr. Kennieott having diftinguiflied himfelf as 3 
 perfon learned in the Hebrew ; a propofal was fet on 
 foot by himfelf and his friends for collating the Text 
 of the Hebrew Bible with fuch manufcripts as could 
 7Z0W be procured ; in order to reform the Text, and 
 prepare it for a new tranflation to be made from it 
 into the Englif^i language. Mr. Kennieott explained 
 at large the nature of this delign, and attempted to 
 prove the neceffity of fuch a meafure, in Ibme learned 
 diflertations on the Hate of the printed Hebrew Bibles, 
 The defign came at length to maturity ; Mr. Ken- 
 nieott himfelf was appointed as the fole condudlor of* 
 it ; and fuch powerful intcreft Vv-as made in its behalf^ 
 that perfons of the firft honour and eminence fupported 
 it by an annual fubfcription to a very great amount, 
 Manufcripts were collected from all parts of the world ; 
 and a company of collators were employed under the 
 eye of Mr. Kennieott at Oxford ; who gave an annual 
 account, attefted by Dr. Hunt the Hebrew profefibr, 
 of the flate of the collation. The fubfcription was 
 continued, and the work went on for feveral years. 
 A oew Hebrew Bible was at length printed in folio ; 
 
 acc^y
 
 Dr; HORNE. Qf 
 
 ft copy of the firft volume of which came to the library 
 bf the Sorbonne while I was at Paris in the year 1 776, 
 and was fhewn to me by Mr. Affeline the Hebrew 
 prbfeflbr of that time*. 
 
 Far be it from me to fpeak \vith difrefpc6l of an 
 undertaking, which had the encouragement of fo 
 many great, lb many good, and fo many learned per- 
 fons ; who muft be fuppofed to have a6lcd with the 
 bell intention, in confequence of fuch reports as were 
 laid before them ; for many of them certainly had no 
 judgment of their ow?i upon the fubje61:. But Mr. 
 Home, and fome other readers of Hebrew, never 
 approved of the delign from the beginning ; and Dr. 
 Rutherforth of Cambridge, a man of no fmall erudi- 
 tion, wrote profefledly, and with fome afperity, againft 
 it ; or, at leaft, againft the way in which he thought 
 it would be executed. Some of the conliderations 
 they went upon were thefe following : 
 
 I . That the delign was dangerous, and had a bad 
 afpe6li A new tranllation of the Bible into Englifh 
 had been ftrcnuoufly recommended fome years before 
 by fufpe6led perfons with an ill intention-j^. That 
 
 fuch 
 
 * After tKe Revolution of 1789 this gentleman was made Bifliop 
 of Bolognc by the King ; but by reafon of the increafing troubles, 
 he went to Bruffcls, and afterwards into Germany. He is univer- 
 fally fpoken of as a perfon of great worth and learning. 
 
 f It appears from a Life of Dr. Sykes, p. 334, that the Socini- 
 ans had great hopes from a new Englifli Verfion of the Bible, by 
 which all our prefent learned illujlratiotii of the S, S, ivere to he fuper- 
 
 G . fed(d
 
 9S THE tiFE OF 
 
 fuch perfons being not well affe^led to the Churcli of 
 England or its do61:rines, would probably interfere 
 with' all their heart and intereft^ to turn the defigrt 
 to their own purpofes. For rt was evident by the in- 
 tention of Dr. Kennieott at firjl, that there fhould be 
 both a New Hebrew Text, and a New Englifh Ver- 
 lion : and I am rather of opinion, that Mr. Hornc 
 ^nd his friends, by their remonftrances, however ap- 
 parently unnoticed, nnight have fome little fhare of 
 merit in preventing it. 
 
 1. It hurt and alarmed them, to fee a learned gerr- 
 tleman plead afid argue, as if he had a vidory to ob- 
 tain by proving the corruption of the Hebrew Text, 
 and it were th^^ame he was hunting after ; for this 
 did not fook as if the glor}' of God was the object in- 
 Tiew, but rather his own emolument as a collator > 
 ''C'^ii to crv^(pc^ov. sx.st TO svcreCs-^.' 
 
 3. They were of opinion, that the attempt was 
 fuperfluous ; becaufe the exadlnefs of the Maforetical 
 Jews had guarded and fecured the Text of their Bible 
 in fuch a manner, that no other book irt the world had 
 ever been to guarded and lecured : that tberefoi*e 
 -there could not be room for any great alarm upon the 
 fubjedl. 
 
 feded'^nll things wcrj to become ne-wthe difclphs tvere to lecome 
 one fold., and the abfolute unity of the peerkfs mnjejly of God tuas to h 
 vialntained by the ivhole community of hri/fians. Socmianifm aloiifc 
 was to introduce Paradife and the Millennium. The Socinians of 
 Poland had a tranflation made ; but it did not anfwer their purpofe. 
 See Moflieim's lii&. of Socinianifm, 
 
 4. That
 
 Dr. HORNE. 99 
 
 - 4. That Cardinal Xitnenes and his affiflants, about 
 two hundred years before, had carefully collated the 
 Hebrew Text with mauufcripts, older and better than 
 were now to be met with in the world ; and had ex- 
 hibited a printed Hebrew Text, as perfe6l as could be 
 expecled or need he chfired: becaufe, by Mn Kenni- 
 cott's own confeffion, no fuch errors occurred in the 
 Text as aiFeeled any point of do6lrine ; the various 
 readings being chiefly to be found in dates arid num- 
 bers, which areof lefs importance and more uncertain 
 notation. That therefore, what Cardinal Ximenes 
 had done in a better manner and with greater advan- 
 tages, would now be done With more difficulty, and 
 probably to lefs efFedt. 
 
 5. They apprehended, that the difpute about the 
 Hebrew Text, the Samaritan Pentateuch, &c. had 
 been fuffieiently agitated and judicioufly ftated by 
 Carpzov of Leipfic in his writings againfl Whiflon ; 
 fo far at leafl ,as to fhew, that no great things were 
 fo be expe6led from any adventurer, who fhould af- 
 fei*wards take the fame ground. Carpzov's book was 
 thought fo ufeful and fatisfadory, that Mofes Marcus 
 a converted Jew had tranilated it into Englifh. 
 
 6. A confideration which had great weight \vitli 
 Mr. Home was that of the probable confequence 
 of an undertaking fo condudled as this was likely to 
 be. Unl^clievers, Sceptics, and Heretics, of this 
 country, who had affedled fuperior learning, had 
 always been buf}'^ in finding imaginary corruptions 
 in the Text of Scripture : and would in future be 
 
 G a more
 
 too THE LIFE OF 
 
 more bold and bufy than ever ;. as the \vork of con^ 
 founding the Text by ufir6ufid criticifm would bo 
 carried on with the fandlion of public authorky, ant! 
 the Bible left open to the experiments f evil-minded 
 critics and cavillers. For befitks the collating of 
 manufcripts, the collator, m hi Diflertations, had 
 opened tfiree other fountains of criticifm, by which 
 the waters of the San6luary were to be healed r the 
 Ancient Vcrlions, the Samaritan Pentateuch, and 
 Sound Criticifni. Having confidcrcd thefc in their 
 cwder, Mr. Hornc fets before his readers above twenty 
 inftances from Mr. Kcnnicott'& own books, as a fpc- 
 cimen of his manner of proceeding ; to fliew " what 
 an inundation of licentious criticifm w^as breaking in 
 upon the Sacred Text." Thefe inftanees are fuch 
 as fully juftify his reflexions ; which the reader may 
 find at p. 12, &c. of his View of Mr. Kennicott's 
 Method, Sec. 
 
 Such were the confidefatiori-s on which Mr. Home 
 und his friends oppofed Mr. K's. undertaking ; and, 
 it is hoped, nothing has appeared to their difadvantagc. 
 In the progrefs of the controverly, fome other con- 
 fidcratfons ai'ofe, which fcrved to confirm them in the 
 part they li<id taken. They ob fcrved that Mr. Ken- 
 nicott changed his ground j firfl urging the neccflity 
 of a ?ie'iv Text for the pnrpofe of a new Englifh Ver- 
 lion ', and aflcnvards giving it p, without alligning 
 his reafc^ns. Another fadl arofe, which was palpably 
 contrary to his own principles. When the dcfiga 
 was to come forward, he had obje<fted to the kbours 
 
 o of
 
 Dr. HORNE. toi 
 
 f Cardinal Ximencs, as being ineffe^Slive, becaufe 
 ^le admitted raaniilcripts furniflied by Jews : but 
 when the work was to be carried on, he himfclf 
 made Jews his agents, to collect manufcripts for 
 him in foreign parts, and admitted them, fo fjir as 
 we know, without referve : and with this remarkable 
 difference, that the Jews of the Cardinal were turned 
 Chriftians ; whereas the Jews of Mr. Kennicott were 
 Itill in their unbelief except one ; and he was of 
 a chara6lcr fo extraordinary, that the reader cannot 
 be difplealed if I give fome account of him ; with- 
 out which, fo great a curiofity would, in all pro- 
 bability, be loft to the world. While the work 
 of collation was going forwiird, it fo happened, that 
 Mr. Kennicott and his work, and Mr. Home, and 
 fome of the friends to both, fell into difficulty and 
 danger, from a man whoie name was Dumay ; a 
 perfon, who having been encouraged upon benevolent 
 motives in the beginning, proved in the iffiie to be 
 jiot much better than the Dumas, who had been at- 
 tended in the Caftle at Oxford ; and of whom it is 
 full uncertain, whether he did not come to the fame 
 iintimcly end. It was my fortune to be the firft per- 
 son in the Unixxirfity of Oxford that took notice of 
 him, and the laft that received any intelligence about 
 jiim after he l-eft this country ; and it is doubtful to 
 me whether any body is better acquainted with his 
 charadler and hiftory than myfelf He was a P>ench 
 Jew, born upon the borders of Lorrain, and had re- 
 ceived fuch an education as enabled him to underftand 
 
 G 3 Hebrew^
 
 i6i THE LIFE OV 
 
 Hebrew, and to WTite it with confummate ex^cellence. 
 He could turn his hand to drawing, and any other 
 work of art : he had the ingratiating addrefs of a 
 Frenchman, w^ith an appearance of tincerity ; but 
 with the unprincipled mind of a Jew ; fo that there 
 was no depending upon him. Before he was twenty 
 years of age, he appeared at Oxford as a petty Jew^ 
 merchant, whofe whole flock confifted of a few feals, 
 pencils, and other trinkets. His civility drew my 
 attention, and I took him to my chambers, to inquire 
 what he had learned, I foon found his qualifications 
 coniiderabie, and, for his excellence in writing He-^ 
 brew, fet him to work, with defign to preferve his 
 performances as curiolities; and I have feveral of them 
 by me at this time. His ingenuity foon procured 
 him more friends, of whom Mr. Home was one of 
 the moil confiderable ; by means of which he gained 
 a moderate livelihood ; and fome pains were taken 
 with him occafxonally, with the hope of bringing over 
 a perfon of fo much Jewifh knowledge to fbme fenfe 
 of Chriftianity. After he had led this fcart of life for 
 fome time, he returned to vifit his relations in France; 
 having firll prevailed on me to WTite him a teftimonial 
 of his late behaviour, to procure him a favourable 
 reception ; from which it feoms probable, that he had 
 left his friends in confequence of fome mifdemcanor. 
 While he was abroad, h^ turned Chriflian, and re- 
 ceived baptifm from a prieil of the Church of Rome, 
 under the name of Ignatius. Then he went into 
 the j^rmy of the King of France ; promoted defcition 
 among
 
 D^. H R N E. 103 
 
 among his comrades, qiiarrclled with his officer, aijd 
 ran him through the body, but without kiUing him, 
 Juft at this jun(?l:ure, the army in whieh he fervcd 
 came to an engagement with Prince Ferdinand, and 
 he was taken prifoner. But the Prince having heard 
 fomething of his hiftorj^ and underltanding it would 
 be certain deltruclion to him if he were fent back 
 to his own party, gave him a pafTport to England, 
 with a recommendation to Mr. De Reiche, the Hano- 
 yerian Secretary^ at St. James's; a very worthy friendly 
 gentleman, who had been a confiderable benefa6lor 
 to Dumay, till he found him at length a dead weight 
 upon his hands, and grew tired of him. In the year 
 J 76 1, after the famous transit of Venus, he prefented 
 himfelf to Mr. Home at Magdalen College with 
 tembly fore eyes ; and being ailced what was the 
 matter, he anfwered, that he had fuffered in his eye- 
 fight by looking at the fun : for having omitted to 
 furnifh himfelf as other people did for the oecafion, 
 he had made all his obfervations through a crack in 
 his fingers, and had nearly put his eyes oiit. I da 
 not recolledl at what time he entered into his em- 
 ployment under Mr. Kennicott, w^ho certainly found 
 him very well qualified for his purpofe in point of 
 ability and induflry, but high -fpiri ted, turbulent, 
 ^nd difcontented ; fo that after he had been a year or 
 two at tlje work of collating Hebrew manufcripts, he 
 quarrelled with his employer, threw himfelf out of 
 his work, and came w^ith his complaints to me in the 
 country, defiring to {hew me fome extracts he had 
 
 G 4 juade
 
 1C4. THELIFEOP 
 
 made from the collations, that I miglit be a witneft 
 with him to the futility of the undertakings. The 
 fpecimen he produced was not to the advantage of it; 
 but it was not eafy to judge, how far the fidelity of 
 a perfon in an ill humour was to be depended upon. 
 None but the collator himfelf could determine with 
 precifion, I advifed him by all means to return to 
 Mr. Kennicott, make his peace with him, and go oi\ 
 quietly with his bufinefs. Which he d[id ; but after 
 a perfidious manner ; playing a falfe game between 
 two parties ; and carrying fiories from the one to 
 the other as it fuited his purpofe, till all his friend$ 
 found reafon to be ^fraid of him, and Mr. Kennicott 
 (now Dr. Kennicott) was under the necefiity of dif-. 
 miffing him. So he left the occupation of a collator^ 
 formed a plan for forging Hebrew manufcripts, witlj 
 all the appearances of antiquity, and putting them off 
 for genuine, to (liew how the world might be impofed 
 upon. Somebody in compaffion to his diftrefs re- 
 commended him as an affifl:ant to a charitable gen-r 
 tleman at a fchool in Bedfordfhire, for which employ- 
 ment he was well qualified ; but there alfo, after he 
 had given much trouble, he mifcairied. At length 
 he got into fome place of truft, which gave him an 
 opportunity of making oft' with a fum of money : for, 
 with all his ingenuity apd induftry, and without any 
 one expenfive vice, yet as if fome daemon had purfued 
 him, he fo ordered his affairs, that, having now ^ 
 wife and child to maintain, he was very fcldom far 
 from beggary : whence one would hope he did fome 
 
 things
 
 Dr. HORNE. |0| 
 
 things rather from diftrefs than malignity ; though 
 it mufl be owned, that upon the plea of his own 
 wants, he could juftify himfelfto his own confeience 
 in any a6l of pci-fidy againfi the beft of hisbencfxi6\ors; 
 his conduct being cxa6tly the fame to his friends and 
 his enemies, if his affairs required it. With what he 
 had thus got he went over to Paris ; where, by means 
 of his own Hebrew papers, and fome others which he 
 had carried away with him, he had the addrefs to 
 introduce himfeif to a fociety of Hebrew fcholars 
 among the Capuchin Friars of St. Honore ; and 
 amongfl them all they fabricated a work, in the French 
 language, which came over into England under the 
 title of Lettrcs 3e M, VAhVe de * * ** Ex-prof ejfeur 
 71 Hebreu en V Untverftie rf'i^ * * * , au Sr. Kennicoli 
 Anghh. It has Rome in the title, as if it had been 
 there printed, but it was fold at Paris ; and its date is 
 1 77 1 . This pamphlet is ieverc, both in its reflexions 
 and its examples, on the work of collation, fo cele- 
 brated in England, that people would hear nothing 
 againft it ; and I was told, that the bookfellcr who 
 traded in foreign books refufcd to take this into his 
 fhop : and yet fome of its adcrtions are but to the 
 fame effect with thofe of Mr. Horne in his View; the 
 fubftance of which the reader may fee from the quo- 
 tation i^ the ii)argin*. This piec^ was afterward^ 
 
 tranflated 
 
 * II ne reilera pas un feul mot dans la Bible Hebraaque dent, oa 
 puiffe garantir la finceritc. Sentcz done les fuites de votre entrc- 
 nrife : zl n'en rcfultera qu'un ouvrage mal con^u, peu conform^
 
 io5 THE LIFE OF 
 
 tranflated into Englifh by a worthy gentleman, who 
 was ftruck by its fadls and arguments ; and a fmalj 
 anonymous pamphlet was publifhed foon after its apir 
 pcarance, apologizing for the filciiceof Dr. Kennicott, 
 nd alleging that he had tio time to anfwer it. 
 
 While I was at Paris, I inquired of Mr. Afleline, the 
 Hebrew profeflbr at the Sorbonne, whether he had 
 ^ver feen fueh a perlbn as I defcribed Dumay to be ? 
 He anfwered that he had feen him, but that he was 
 gone off {roxn Paris, and he fuppofcd nobody knew 
 what was become of him. When I inquired farther, 
 who had been his friends, he confefled that the 0,^- 
 puchins of St. Honorc were fufpeifled to have been 
 the compilers and editors of his book. Now the 
 reader has heard my (lory, let him confidcr, whether 
 Jie can recoile6l a more extraordinary charadler, thaa 
 that of this Jew, Chriftian, Papift, Proteftant, Soldier, 
 Scrivener, French, Englifhman ! If it fo happened 
 that he furvived his fourhrles, he may have proved 
 to be a ferviccablc hand, and have adled fome ufcfuj 
 part upon the ftagc of the French Revolution*. 
 
 Neither 
 
 aux regies deh faine critiqup, totalement inutile, t plus propre & 
 jeblouir par un \&m ctalagc de pretendues corre&jons, <ju'a inftruire 
 par des raifonnemens folides. P. 12. 
 
 * This man is frequently fpoken of in Dr. Home's Letters j 
 from on of which, of March 1770, I take what follows : * The 
 SieuF Dunaay is a curious rogyp indeed. The fubje^ is fo preg- 
 nant, that I could with pleafure put out my candles, to pafs the 
 evening in meditation upon him and his proceedings, fince we had 
 firftthelionour of knowing him, when he talked fo much of Titus 
 aRd the copper fly. If the bcft wveu are mofl iaipofed upon (as 
 
 fome
 
 D a. H O R N E. loy 
 
 Neither Mr. Home nor his friends could ever be 
 perfuadcd, that;, under the prefent ftMe of the printed 
 Hebrew Text, the labours of an Hebrew collator 
 were at this time ii^anted by the Chriftian world ; or 
 that the exp^iment, from the face with which it 
 made its appearance, would not be attended with 
 fome danger : and it might be owing (as I have faid) 
 to their preffing remonftranccs, that the plan'of a 
 new Text, and newEnglifh Tranfiation,was laidatide. 
 How far they were right in apprehending evil from it 
 to the Chriftian caufe, doth not appear from any con- 
 fequences which have yet followed, and we hope it 
 never will. The edition makes a very fine book^ 
 which will do honour to the memory of the editor, 
 and, with its various readings, may be a very innocent 
 one, if ufcd with difcretion. My learned and worthy 
 friend the Jlev. Mr. Parkhurfi; (the laft edition of 
 whofe Hebrew^ Lexicon was patronized by Dr. Home 
 ^fter he was made a bifhop) fpcaks of it with due 
 refpe6l : his words arethefe- " The principal -varmis 
 readings in Dr. Kennicott's Hebrew Bible have been 
 carefully noted, and are fubmittcd to the reader's 
 conlideration and judgment. And it is hoped that 
 the ufe which is here made of that elaborate work 
 cannot fail of being acceptable to every ferious and 
 
 fome fay they are), we may, I think, without vanity, efteem our- 
 felves to be a tolerably good fort of people." N. B. The Jews 
 have a foolifh legend, that when Titus had deflroyed Jcrufalcm, 
 God Almighty, to be revenged on the enemy of his people, fent 
 a copper fly for his puniflimcnt, which crept up his nofe, and fed 
 vpon hi brainj till it had killed hl^u 
 
 intelligent
 
 ict THE LIFE OF 
 
 and intelligGiit inquirer into the fenfe of the Hebrew 
 Scriptures." Sec the advertircjnent to the third edi 
 tion. 
 
 Of the friendly way in which Dr. Kennicott 
 and Dr. Home Hved together, forgetting all their 
 former difputes, yet without changing thdr opinions 
 n cither iide, fo far as I have been able to difcover, 
 I have already fpoken : but the caufc of learning and 
 religion is ftill, and ever will be, (b deeply concerned 
 in the argument between them, that it well defer\"cs 
 to be remembered and underflood ; and for this reafoii 
 Only I have IJjent f<) many words upon it. I may 
 therefoi-e hope to be pardoned, if I ftiil go on to do 
 es much juftice as I can to Dr. Hornets fide of the 
 queftion, by adding one weighty reafon, which he 
 had (though he did not fay much about it) for his 
 ilifpicions in regard to the good effi:6i of the col^ 
 iating fvftem*. He thought it would be of diffcrvicc 
 to turn the minds of th^ learned ?}wre toward the 
 Jeffer of the Bible, when they were already too much 
 turned away from Xhc fpirit of it. The bell fruits 
 of divine wildom may be gathered from the word of 
 God, in any language, and in p,ny edition. To what 
 the Scripture itfclf calls the fpirit of the Scripture, 
 the learned of late days were become much more 
 inattentive than in paft ages. The Puritans of the 
 Jaft century fct a proper value upon it, and fome of 
 them did well in difplaying it : but whpR their formal 
 
 * In BIfhop Hard's iate Life of Dr. Warburton, Dr. Lowth is 
 reflecled upon for his -cxpeftations from the labours of Dr. Ken* 
 nicott. 
 
 manners^
 
 Dr. HORNE. 
 
 manners, with their long prayers, and their lon^ 
 graces, were rejedled, their interpretations of th 
 Scripture, and with them all founder interpretations 
 of the kind, fell into difrepute ; for men are fuch 
 hafty reformers, that if they caft out evil, they call 
 out fome good along with it. When tares are pluck.- 
 ed up, the wheat is always in danger. 
 
 To this caufo another may be added. The pcrfons^ 
 who lincc that time have rifen into chief repute for 
 parts and learning, had nothing of this in their coiii- 
 pofitions; fuch as Clarke, Hoadley, Hare, Middleton, 
 Warburton, Sherlock, South, William Law, Edmund 
 Law, and many others, w^ho have flouriihed lince the 
 Reftoration : they either did not know it, or did not 
 relifli it, and fell totally into other ways of fludying 
 and reafoning: after which it was naturally to be 
 expected in their difciples, that the fpirit of the 
 Scripture fKouldbe lefs regarded. This actually did 
 happen, and to fuch a degree, that many did not 
 even know what was meant by it. Somebody was 
 wanting to revive the knowledge that was loft : but 
 alas ! when this was attempted, the door was (hut. 
 This fort of learning, the beft and the grcateft of 
 which the mind of man is capable in this life, had 
 been fo long aflcep, that it feemed likely never 
 more to awake. Accordingly, when Mr. Home fat 
 down to write his Commentary on the Pfalms, which 
 proceeds throughout upon the true principle, he was 
 under great anxiety of mind about the reception of 
 it by the world ; and exprefled his fears in the Preface 
 
 to
 
 to the work', felling his reacfers " he is not infenfible 
 that many learned and good men, whom he does not 
 therefore value and refpedl the lefs, have conceived 
 ftrong prejudices againft the fcheme of interpretation 
 here purfued ; and he knows how little the generality 
 of modern Chriilians arc accuftomed to fpeculations 
 of this kind. In the firft age of the Church, when 
 the apoftolical method of citing and expounding wa^ 
 frcfh upon the minds of their followers, the authcrr 
 cannot but be confident, that his Commentary, if it 
 had then made its appearance, would have been uni- 
 verfally received and approved as to the general defign 
 of it, by the whole Chriflian world," &c. &c. How 
 unfortunate it is ih^i{\ich Jlrong prejudices fhould be 
 conceived agahift that mode of interpretation, in which 
 Chriftians differ from Jews ! But fo it is ; and fa 
 long as it is the cuftom for learned men to employ 
 their time and talents, as the Maforitcs did, and more 
 reputation is to be obtained by picking and fifting of 
 letters, than by the apoftolical method of opening 
 the fenfe and fpirit of them, the evil will be rather 
 ina'eafing than diminifliing. When fafhion invites, 
 vanity will always follow ; critic will fucceed to critic, 
 and he that is the boldefl will think himfelf the great-- 
 eft, till all due veneration for the Bible is loft, and 
 the Text is cut and flaihcd, as if it were no longer a 
 living body, but the fubjcc^ of a Lecture in Surgeons' 
 Hall. While the rage o^ edh'mg prevails, and the: 
 ftate of the copy is the grand objedl, we have then too 
 much reafon to apprehend, that the fpirit of life, 
 y which
 
 Dr. HORN E, til 
 
 which IS flill to be found, even in the worfl copies 
 and pooreft editions, will be lefs regarded and under- 
 ftood. We fhoLild have but a mean opinion of the' 
 gardener, who fhould always be clearing and raking 
 his borders, but never railing any thing from them to 
 fupport the life of man. Thus, if collating ends in 
 collation, the tendency of it may be bad, though 
 it be ever fo well executed ; and I believe this was, 
 at the bottom, the chief objedlion againft it in the 
 mind of Mr. Home. He was fhy of fpeaking too 
 plain j through a fear of giving offence ; but the time 
 has now many greater dangers than that of offending 
 fome few modern critics and editors. 
 
 I relate it as a fingular occurrence, that wh^li the 
 mind of Mr. Home Was firft filled with the defign of 
 commenting upon the Pfalms, he fhould meet with a 
 traveller in a f^age-coacb, who was in principle the 
 very reverfe of himfelf. The man gave his judgment 
 with all freedom on all fubje6\s of divinity, and among 
 the reft on the ufe of the Pfalms in the fervice of 
 the Church. The Pfalms of David, he faid, were 
 nothing to us, and he thought othr com^ofitions might 
 be fubltituted, which were much more to the purpofe 
 than David's Pfalms. He happened to be fpeaking ' 
 to a perfon, who could fee deeper than moft men 
 into the ignorance and folly of his difcourfe, but 
 was wife enough to hear him with patience, and leave 
 him to proceed in his own way. Yet this poor man 
 was but the pattern of too many more, who want 
 to be taught again, that David was a Prophet, and 
 
 fpeaks
 
 tit THELIFEOI^ 
 
 fpeaksr qf the Meffiah Avbcre he fcems to be fpcakln^ 
 of himfclf; as the apofile St. Peter taught the Jews, 
 ill the fecoiid chapter ot^ the A6ls, and thereby con- 
 veiled three thouiand of them at once to the beHef 
 of Chrift's rcfurre(^ion. 
 
 There is another modern way of criticifing iipoii 
 Ihe Scripture, to which Mr. Home had no great 
 afFc6lion, as thinking it could never be of much fer- 
 vice: 1 mean that cuftom, which has prevailed fmce 
 the days of Grotiu?, of juftifying and illuftrating 
 the things revealed to us in the Scripture from heatlwi 
 authorities. I had feen too much of this among fome 
 of my acquaintance, wlio were no mean fcholars ; 
 but who inflead of employing themfelves in the more 
 fuccefsful labour of com])aring fpiritual things with 
 fpiritual, in order to underftand them, were diligent 
 in collecting parallel paflhges from Fleathcn authors, 
 to compare them with the Scripture j as if the fun 
 wanted the affiftance of a candle ; or tha word of 
 God was not worthy to be received, but lb far only 
 as we are able to reconcile it with the wifdom of 
 Greek and Roman authors. He was rather of opinion 
 with a certain writer, that the Bible will explain all 
 the books in the world, but wants not them to explain 
 it. St. Paul did not think it improper, on certain 
 occations, to refer to Heathen authorities"^, and make 
 liis ufe of th'em for the confirmation of his own doc- 
 trine ; but this was done \a hen he was arguing with 
 
 * See Af^s xviL v. 23. iZ, 
 
 lleafhens^
 
 Dr. HORNE. 113 
 
 Hedtheris, not with Chr'iji'ians. Ther^ is not the 
 faitie propriety, when his fubhrne chapter on the re- 
 furredion is compared (as I have feen it) with Plato's 
 dodlrine of generation and corruption. Take the 
 Heathen dodlrine of the origination of mankind, 
 and compare it with the facred hiflory of Adam in 
 Paradife, and it will foon appear how little the one 
 wants the help of the other. 
 
 Quum prorepferunt primis animalia tcrrls 
 Bruttim et tiirpe pecus, glandcm atque cubilia propter 
 Unguibus et pugnis, dein fuftibus, atque ita porro 
 Pugnabant armis, quae poft fabricaverat ufus ; 
 Donee verba, quibus voces fenfufque notarent, 
 Nominaque invenere HoRi 
 
 It was a d66lrli:ie of the Heathen poets, that men, 
 v.hcn firft made, were without fpeech, creeping oa 
 all four like beafts, living upon acorns, and lodging 
 like fwine in a foreft : whereas, when we confult the 
 Bible, we find the firft man converling with his 
 Maker, placed under a (late of inftru6lion and pro- 
 bation, and in a condition but little lower than art 
 angel. What muft tlie confequence be, when an 
 Attempt is made to reconcile thjeie two accounts, and 
 melt them down together ? Yet was this actually 
 done by the learned Dr. Shuckford, as it may be 
 feen in the laft-written j^eface to his Connexion ; 
 where the hiftory of Adam, and o^^y^^ and of Para* 
 dife, and the Intercourfe of Man with his Creator^ 
 is commented upon and ill nitrated from Ovid and 
 Tully, and Mr. Pope's poetical ijftem of Deifm, 
 
 U called
 
 114 THE LIFE Of 
 
 called an Eliay on Man; till the whole is involvexf 
 fn obrcurily, and becomes even childifh and inlig-* 
 niiicant ;- as if it had befen the dcfign of the critic to 
 expofc the facred hifton^ to the contempt of blaf- 
 phemers and infidels. This abfc of learning Mr, 
 Home could not fee without a mixture of grief and 
 indignation : he is therefore fuppofed to be the per- 
 fbn who, in a little anonymous pamphlet, made his 
 remarks on this unworthy manner of handling thc^ 
 Scripture. While he was young, his zeal was ardent^ 
 and his flri enures were unreferved. Yet I can never 
 perfuade myfelf, that it was the intention of Dr. 
 Shuckford to put a flight upon his Bible ; though he- 
 certainly has made the Mofaic account as ridiculous-" 
 m fimpltcity,. as Dr. Middleton did in malice. T 
 father think he was betrayed into the miftake by a 
 prevailing cuftom of the age.- When the learned' 
 are lets ftudious of the Scripture, and become vain of 
 other learning, it may ealily be tbrefeen how the 
 Scripture muift fnffer under their expofitions ; and 
 if they do not ibrefee it, we would refer them for 
 evidence to the? Supplemental Difcourfe on the Crea- 
 hoo and Fall of Man, by Dr. Shuckford."' The re- 
 former, who dares to cenfure a coiTupt practice, caft' 
 never be well received by the parties who are in fault. 
 This wa.i the lot of Mr. Home and his friends. The 
 candle which they had lighted at the Scripture, and 
 held up to (hew fome dangers and abfurdities in- 
 modern learning, was blown out, and they themfelves 
 were .accufed'as pcrfbns of great zeal, and little un- 
 
 * dcrftanding./
 
 Dr. HORN E. 115 
 
 Herflanding. How often do we fee, that when mea 
 Jbould be reformed, and are not, they are only pro- 
 voked pad remedy ! This being, upon the whole^ 
 out an linpleafant fubje6l, I fliall proceed to oile 
 that will entertain us better. 
 
 A lettfer of July the i5th, 1755, informed me that 
 Mr. Horrie, according to an eftablilhed cuftom at 
 Magdalen College in Oxfoi*d, had begun to preach 
 before the Univerfity, on the day of St. John the 
 Baptift. For the preaching of this annual fermon a 
 permanent pulpit of lione is iiilerted into a corner of 
 the firft Quadrangle ; ^nd fo long as th ftone pulpit 
 was in uf6 (of which I have been a witnefs) the Qua- 
 drangle w^as furnifhed round the fides with a large 
 fence of green boughs, that the preaching might more 
 hearly refemble that of John thfe Eaptift in the wil- 
 dernefs ; and a pleafant fight it was ; but for many 
 years the cuftom hath been difcontinued, and the 
 aflcmbly have thbiight it fafer to take fheltcr under 
 the roof cff the chapd. Our fore-fathers, it feems, 
 ivere not fo much afraid of being injured by the falling 
 of a little rain, or the blowing of the wind, or the 
 iliining of the fan upon their he^ds. The preacher 
 of 1 755 pleafed the audience ver^ much by his man- 
 her and ftyle, and all agreed he had a very fine imagi- 
 hatlon : hilt he was not very well pleafed with the 
 compliment. As a Christian teacher, he was much 
 more defirdus that his hearers fhould teceive and un- 
 derltand, and enter into the fpirit of the do(5lrines he 
 had delivered j but in this, he found them j(lower 
 
 H a than
 
 xi'<^ TKE LIFE of 
 
 than he wiihcd, and laments it heavily ill a priVati* 
 letter. Two fermons on the fiibjedt of John the' 
 Baptift were printed, and many others fucc^cded 
 which were not printed : for the author at lalt, on a: 
 review of what lie had done, thoug'ht it more advifable' 
 to throw the matter out of that form, and caft an 
 abridgment of the whole into the form of conliclera-* 
 tions :- on which performance I have already fpoken 
 my mind, and, I believe, the mind of every compe- 
 tent judge, in the beginning of this work. I can 
 only fay here, that if there be any Ghriftian- reader^ 
 who withes to know what a faint- is, and afpires to be 
 one himfclf,.Ict him keep before hi eyes that beautiful^ 
 and finifhed pi6ture of John- the Baptift,. t the ex- 
 ecuting of which but one perform of the age was equal. 
 But behold how this v/as defcribed by the Critical 
 Reviewers of the time : " In the Gonfklerations," 
 they fay, " there are fome judicious and folid remarks 
 relative to practice, but noth'mg to engage the attention 
 of a curious^ mquifitive, or critical reader.^'' They might 
 have faid jiril the fame of the Sermon on the Mount. 
 Jt looks as if they would have been better pleafed 
 with a dillertationai'pon the manner in which the wild 
 homy was made and colledled for John to eat% pro- 
 perly 
 
 * Many examples might be given, to illuftrate the diflindion 
 between Chrijlian Divinity, by which men are edified, and curious 
 Divinity, by which they are only amufed and entertained. Wc 
 rfcad in ths gofpel, Luke xix. 4. That Zaccheus climbed up into 
 fycamore tree, to fee Jefus paft by, and was kd by that circum- 
 
 ilanee
 
 D^. HORNE. 1J7 
 
 iperly interfperfed with quotations from Athcngeus 
 and ofher authors, to iliew the learning of 'the writer, 
 -and that, perhaps, but ^impertinently introduced. 
 When there is a party always ready, and always upon 
 ^he watch, to'hinder thcpfueeefs of every good attemjjt, 
 and miflead the ignorant on fubjeets of the finl im- 
 portance, fuch a writer as the author of thofe Confl- 
 ilerations had little chance of efcaping. Their artifices 
 iiad been fo well obferved and underflood by him, 
 that he was ableito predi6l their proceedings. When 
 
 ftance -to yepentance and falvatfion. When this cafe is confidered 
 by the Chr'ijlian Divine, he dwells upon the circumftancc of Zac- 
 phcus's deliring to fee the Saviour, of the world, and.the ineftimable 
 blefling of being called by him^ as ^accheus ,was, to,a .ftatc of fal- 
 vation. But when the curious Divine bears that Zaccheus climbs 
 up into a tree, he climbs up after him ; not to fee what he faw, 
 but to examine the >nature-ofthe tree, and ciicertain to \vhatfpecie6 
 of jjknts, botanlcally confidered, it psopcrly beloags. 
 
 Is thi* example we have two very different jtnodea of .treating the 
 -Scripture. No jnan that loves learning will condemn the critical 
 dlfquifitor J 'let him purfue his inquiries ; there is no harm in them : 
 but when he prefumes, as from an upper region, to difdain the 
 Chn'llian Divine, as unworthy of all commendation, he pays too 
 great a compliment to his own importance, and raifes a verj' jult 
 (ufpicion againft his own religious principles. The cafe of Zaccheus 
 is confidered in the Chrijlian way by Birtiop Hall (fee Mr. Glaffe's 
 edition, voLlii. p. ^19) and matter enough fur the critical waj 
 may be found in the Voyages of Frederick HafTclquift, p. 129, .ct 
 iilib. The lamt 7y^/rT'c perfon was, ashetelbus, very foticitous 
 to difcover what hind of tree in particular David had .his .eye upon 
 in \\\tjirj} PJalm': which never cart be difccvered, if his expreffions, 
 68 they feem, have an alluiion to the Tret of Life. See our author's 
 ^Commentary oii the Firft Pfalm ; who incline* to this opinion.
 
 U^ THE LIFE OF 
 
 I had printed a difcourfe on the Mofaic Diftindlion 
 of Animals in the Book of Leviticus, which had coft 
 yne much refearch and nieditation, under the title of 
 Zoologia Ethica, in which I had traced the moral 
 intentioti of that curious inftitution, he foretold me 
 Jiow it would be reprefented to the public; that the 
 critics would felect fome part of the work, which was 
 either ambiguous in itfelf, or might be made fo by 
 their manner pf exhibiting it, and give that as a fpe- 
 cimen of the plan, to difcqurage the examination of 
 it. ** The paflage (faid he), at page 19, &c. about 
 the camel and the fw'me will probably be feledled by 
 the Reviewers, given to the reader without q fyllable 
 of the evidence, and then the whole book difmifled 
 with a fneer." In a few months after, his predi6lion 
 was fo exa(9:ly verified, that one vyould have fLifpe(5led 
 him to have been in the fecret, " If you look into 
 the Critical Review, you will be tempted to think I 
 wrote the article on the ^oologia, to verify my own 
 predidlion. Without givipg the leaft account of 
 your plan, and the arguments by which it is i^o irrc- 
 
 fragably fupported and demonftrated, the 
 
 give the very paflage about the fvvinc and the camel, 
 and conclude the whole fcheme to be vifionary, and 
 problematical, as they phrafc it*." Thus is a malig- 
 
 * The date of the Ittter from which this extradl is taken, is Feb. 
 12, 1772. The work, thus unfairly treated, 1 fent to the learned 
 Bifhop Newton, a writer of profound Ikill in the language of the 
 Scripture ; who allowed that I had proved the moral inteitUon of 
 tiiat law which is the fubjc-d; of it. . 
 
 nant
 
 Dn. H O R N E. Ml) 
 
 fHHit party gratified, the public is beguiled" by flilie 
 ticcounts, and the deception may continue for' a. 
 time; but truth and jullicc generally take placft at 
 laft. 
 
 There is a portion of the New Teilamient, very 
 intcreiting and full of matter, on which the authot 
 of the Canfidcrations, foon alter he was in holy ofders^ 
 beftowed much thought and lalioui*; I mean the 
 -eleventh chapter of St. Pad's piftle t-o the Hebrew% 
 On this he compofed at leaft twenty fermons ; which 
 are all exct^lent ; but being more agreeable to the 
 fpirit of the iirft ages than of the prefeut, he was n<^ 
 forward, though frequently iblicited^ to give them to 
 the world. He objected, that tliey wanted to be 
 reviewed with a more critical eye, and even to be re* 
 compofed ; and that this would be a work of time. 
 Toward the latter end of his life, however, he fet 
 about it, but got no farther than through the third 
 difcourfe. The firli is on the Character of Abe^^ 
 the fecond on Enoch, the third on Noah ; of thefe 
 I have the copy, and hope it will be publifhed. 
 Whoever looks at them, w'ili vvifli he had lived to 
 fatisfy his mind about all the reft. They would 
 certainly have been improved by fuch a revifion ; 
 yet, perhaps, not fo much as he fuppoled. Firfl 
 thoughts, upon a favourite fubje(5l, are warm and 
 lively ; and the language they bring with them is 
 (Irong and natural ; but prudence is apt to be cold 
 and timorous ; and, while it adds a polifli, takes away 
 ^mething from the fpirit of a compolition, 
 
 P4 But
 
 I20 THE LIFE or 
 
 But the greateft work of his life, of which he now 
 tegan to form the defign, was a Commentary on the 
 whole book pf Pfalms. In the year 1758, he told 
 me how he had been meditating on the Book of 
 pfalms, and had finished thofe for the firft day of the 
 month, upon the follovying plan* : i. An analylis of 
 the Pfalm, by way of argument, a. A paraphratc 
 on each verfe. 3. The fubftance digefted into a 
 prayer. " The work (faid he) delights me greatly, 
 and feems, fo far as I can judge of my own turn and 
 talents, to fuit me tjie beft of any I can think of. 
 May he, who hath the hys of David, profper it in 
 my hand ; granting me the knowledge and utterance 
 Ijeceflary to make it fej-viceable to the Church !" Let 
 any perfon of judgment peruf? the work, and he wilj 
 fee how well the author has fuccccded, and kept up 
 the fpirit of it to the end. His application of the boojc 
 of Pfalms is agreeable to the teftimony fo repeatedly 
 given to it, and the ufe made of it, in the ffew 
 Teftament. This queftion is ftated and fettled be- 
 yond a doubt, in a learned preface to the work. The 
 flyle is that of an accompliflied writer ; and its orna- 
 ments diftinguifh the vigour of his imagination. 
 That all readers fhould admire it as I do, is not to be 
 expecSted ; yet it has certainly met with great ad- 
 jniration ; and I have feen letters to him, from per- 
 fpns pf the firft judgment, on the publication of the 
 jjjook. ' Jt will never be negle<5ted, if the church and 
 
 * This plan he afterwards thought proper to alter, and, as it is 
 Judged, for the better. 
 
 it9
 
 Dr. HORNE. WJ 
 
 its religion fhould continue; for which he prayed 
 fervently every day of his life. When it firft cams 
 from the prefsj Mr. Daniel Prince, his bookfeller at 
 Oxford, WAS walking to or from Magdalen College 
 with a copy of it under his arm. " What have you 
 there^ Mr. Prince?" faid a gentleman who met him. 
 " This, fir, is a copy of Dr. Home's Pfalms, jaft now 
 fii>i{hcd. Xhe Prefident, fir, began to write n)ery 
 young : but this is the work in which he will always 
 iive." In this Mr. Prince judged very rightly: he 
 will certainly live in this work ; but there are many 
 others of his works, in which he will not die, till all 
 learning and piety fhall die with him. 
 
 His Commentary on the Pfalms was under his 
 hand about twenty years. The labour, to which 
 he fubmitted in the courfe of the work, was prodi- 
 gious : his reading for many years was allotted chiefly 
 to this fubje6l ; and his ftudy and meditation together 
 produced as fmc a work, and as finely written, as 
 moft in the Englifli language. There are good and 
 learned men, who cannot but fpeak well of the work, 
 and yet are forward to let us know, that they do not 
 follow Dr. Home as an interpreter. I believe them ; 
 but this is one of the things we have to lament : and 
 while they may think this an honour to their judg- 
 ment, I am afraid it is a fymptom that we are re- 
 trograde in theological learning. The author was 
 fenfible, that after the plcafure he had received in 
 itudying for the work, and the labour of compofing 
 and corre6ling, he was to off^er what the age was 
 
 ill
 
 1^23 THE LIFE OF 
 
 jll prepared to receive. This put him upon his guard; 
 and the work is in fome rclpecis the better for it, 
 in others not fo good ; it is more cautioufly and 
 corredlly written, but perhaps not fo richly furnilhed 
 with matter as it might have been. Had he been 
 compofing a novel, he would have been under none 
 ofthefe fears f his imagination might then have taken 
 its courfe, without a bridle, and the world would 
 jhave followed as fait as he could wifh. 
 , The firfl edition in quarto was publifhed in the 
 .year 1776 when the author was vice-chancellor; 
 and it happened, foon after its publication, that I 
 was at Paris. There was then a Chriftian Univcrfity 
 in the place! and I had an opportunity of recom- 
 jnending it to ^m& learned gentlemen who were 
 members of it, and undcrftood the Englifh language 
 sreli, I took the liberty to tell them, our church had 
 Jately been enriched by a Commentary on the Pfalms; 
 :thc beft, in our opinion, that had ever appeared ; 
 and fuch as St, Aufiin would have perufed with 
 .delight, if he had lived to fee it. At my return the 
 author was ib obliging as to fiirnifh me with a copy 
 to fend over to them, as a prefent ; and I was highly 
 gratified by tlie approbation with which it was re- 
 ceived. With thofe who could read Englifh, it was 
 fo much, in rcqueli, tiiat I was told the book was 
 never out. of haiid ; and I apprehend more copies 
 were fent for. Every intelligent Chriftian, who once 
 knows the value of it, will keep it, to the end of his 
 life, as the companion of his retirement : and I cai^ 
 ;.. ibarcely
 
 Dr. HORNE. 
 
 f23 
 
 Scarcely wifli a greater bleffing to the age, than that 
 jt may daily be better known and more approved. 
 
 About the time when it was publifheci, that fyftCr 
 jnatical infidel, David Hume, ^fq. died. It had 
 jbcen the aim of his life, to invent a foil of Philofophy, 
 that fliould efFe6t the overthrow of Chriftianity. For 
 this he lived ; and his ambition was to die, or be 
 thought to\ die, hard and impenitent, yea, and even 
 cheerful and happy ; to fhew the world the power 
 of his own principles: which however were weakly 
 founded, and {o inconfiftent with common fenfe, 
 that Dr. Beattie attacked and demojifhed them in the 
 life-time of the author. Special pains were, taken 
 ]by Hume himfelf, and by his friends after him, to 
 pcrfuade the world, that his life, at the laft ii-age of 
 it, was perfectly tranquil and compofed : and the 
 part is fp laboured and pvcr-a<5led, tliat there is juit 
 caufe of fufpicion, even before the dete6tion appears. 
 Pr. Hornc, whofe mind was ever in action for fome 
 good end, could not fit ftill, and fee the public fo 
 jmpofed upon. He addreflcd an anonymous letter 
 to Dr. Adam Smith from the Clarendon Prefs ; of 
 which the argument is fo clear, and the humour fo 
 eafy and natural, that no honefl man can keep his 
 countenance while he reads it, and none but an 
 infidel can be angry. While Dr. Adam Smith affects 
 ^o be very ferious and fblemn in the caufe of his 
 friend Hume, the author of the Letter plays them 
 both ofFwith wonderful effedl. He alludes to certain 
 auecdotes concerning Mr. Hume, which are verj^ 
 
 inconfiftent
 
 ^di4 T'HE LIFE OF 
 
 -anconliftent with the account given in his life : for 
 at the very period, when he is reported not to have 
 fuffered a moment's abatement of his fpir'ils, none of his 
 friends dared to mention the name of a certain author 
 in his prefencc, left it-fliould throw him info a tranf- 
 'Port of paion -aiid fii- earing : a certain indication that 
 iiis mind, had t)een greatly hurt; and nobody will 
 ;think it was without reafon, if he will read the Eflay 
 -on Truth by Dr. Bcattie ; which is not only a con- 
 futation of Hiime*s Philofophy ; it is much more ; 
 it is an extirpation of his principles, a-nd delivers them 
 to be fcattercd like ftubble by the win<3s. 
 
 The Letter to Pr. Adam Smith, like the Effay of 
 Dr. Beattie, has a great deal of truth, recommended 
 hy a great -deal of -wit : and if the reader has not feen 
 it, he :has {omo. pleafur in Itore. We allow to the 
 memory of Dr. Adam Smith, that he was a perfon o^ 
 jquick underftandiug and dihgent refearch, in things 
 relating merely to this worlds of which, his Inquiry 
 into the Caufes of the Wealth <of Nations will be a 
 lafting monument ; and it is a work of great ufe to 
 thofe who would obtain ji comprd:ienlivc view of 
 bufinefs and commerce : hk\t when fee fet up Mr. 
 Hume as a pattern of per^<?lion, and judged of all 
 /eligioja by the priinciplcs of thajt philofophcr, he was 
 very much out of his line. 
 
 The Letter was followed in counc of time, by 
 Letters on Infidelity ; which arc very inflru6live and 
 (entertaining, and highly proper for the preventing 
 C>r l^flening that rcfpe6t yvhich young people may 
 
 conc4^ive
 
 Dr. ffORNfi. 12^ 
 
 conceive unawares for unbelieving philofophers. It 
 has been obje6lecl by Ibme readers of a more fevere 
 temper, that thefe Letters arc occafionally too light*: 
 and I muft confcfs, I fliould have been as well pleafed, 
 if the Itory of Dr. Radeliffc and his man had been 
 omitted : but there is this to be faid, that thefe are 
 not fermons, but familiar letters ; that Dr. Home 
 confidercd the profciiion of infidelity, as a thing nKire 
 ridiculous and infignificant in itfelf, than fome of his 
 Jcarned readers might do; that, as it appeared in. 
 fome perfons, it was really too abfiird to be treated 
 with ferioufncfs ; and as Voltaire had treated religion 
 with ridicule inflead of argument, and had done 
 infinite mifchief by it, juilice required that he and 
 his friends fhould be treated a little in their own 
 wav'l". Bcfides, as infidels have nothing to fupport 
 them but their vanity, let them once ap|>ear as 
 ridiculous as they are impious, and they cannot live. 
 They can never approve themfclves, but fo far only 
 
 * In his preface to thefe Letters, the author has endeavoured ta j 
 obviate this ob}e6tion ; and we think he has done it very fuflicicntly. 
 
 f- One of the fevercft reflexions that ever came froiti the pen of 
 Dr. Home, was ainfied, as I fuppofe, at this Mr. David Hume ; 
 yet it is all very fair. This philofopher had obferved, that all the 
 devfTut perfons he had ever met with were melancholy : which is thui 
 anfwered : ** This might very probably be ; for, in the firft place, 
 it is moft likely, that he faw very few, his friends and acquaintance 
 being of another fort; and, fecondly, the fight oi htm would make 
 a devout perfon melancholy, at any time." Serm. vol. ifi. p. 96. 
 iTicfe Letters are a demondratian, that all devout perfons are nof 
 melancholy. 
 
 as
 
 ll^ THE LIFE bF 
 
 as they are upheld and approved by other people; 
 
 To treat them with ferioiifnefs (as W has 
 
 treated G-^ ) is to make therri important ; which 
 is all they want. The opinions of Mr. Hume, as 
 they are difplayed in thefe Letters, are many of them 
 ridiculous from their palpable abfurdity : but, it muft 
 be owned, they are fometimes horrible and fhocking; 
 ftich as^ that man is not an accountable but a necefTary 
 stg^nt ; confequently, that there is no fuch thing as 
 lin, or that God is the author of it : that the life of 
 a man, and the life of an oyfter, are of equal value,* i 
 that it may be as Criminal to a6l for the prefervation 
 of life, as for its de{tru<5lion : that as life is fo infig- 
 
 * It 18 a fundamental do6itrIne in the Creed of MaterlaUfmy that 
 nature conlifts of matter and a Uvlhg fuhjlauce of which all living 
 creatures equally partake ; and which, when it dies in a carcafe, is 
 continued in the reptiles that feed upon it. The origin of individual 
 life, in every form, is from the general animation of the world ; on 
 Trfhich the philofophers of antiquity fpeculated ; and fome inconf- 
 llderate Chrifiians have taken it up on their authority. You have 
 It in Vitgil, 
 
 Principio eoelum, ac terras, campofque Hqucntes, 
 Lucentemque globum Lunas, Titaniaque aftra 
 SPIRITUS intus alit : totamque infufaper artu 
 MENS agitat molem, ct magno fe corpore mifcet. 
 INDE hominum pecudumque gejius, VIT^QUE volanturtt'.' 
 And in Mr. Pope's Effay on Man, 
 
 All are but parts of one ftupendous whole, 
 Whofe body Nature is and God the foul, &C. 
 
 Ep. i. 261^ &c; 
 What follows is in exaA conformity vi'ith the principle of Virgi!/ 
 and of out philoTophicdl Deiftsv 
 
 ni'ficant
 
 Dr. H O R N E. 1^27 
 
 nificant and vague, there can be no harm in difpofing 
 of it as we plcaie : that there can be o more crime 
 in turning" a few oimccs of blood ont of their courle 
 (that is, in cutting one's throat) than in turning 
 the Vv'aters of a river out of their channef. What is 
 murder ? It is nothing more than turning d little Mood 
 ut of its ivny. And fo the Irifliman faid, by the 
 feme figure of rhetoric, that ferjriry was nothing 
 more than kiffing a book, or, as he worded li^fmacking 
 the cdvejkm. TIms is the fage Mr. Hume ! whom 
 Dr. Adam Smith delivers to th-e world, after hl 
 death, as a perfect chamber; while a man of plairj 
 i^VL^Q^ who taltes thin-gs as they are, would think it 
 impolfible that any perfon, \!f ho is not out of his mind^ 
 fhould argue at this rate. Mr. Hume feems to mc 
 to have borrowed from the fchool of the old Pyrrho- 
 nifts much of that fjltem which he is fuppofed to have 
 invented. They made all things Indifferent, anci 
 doubled of every thing, that there might be nothing 
 it-ue or real left to dljhirb them. The chief good 
 they aimed at in every thing, was what they called' 
 ^x^cc^cix, a liate of undl/hirbanee or tranqidlUty, in 
 which the mind cares for nothing : and it was the- 
 ambition of Mr. Hume to be thought to harve lived 
 and died in this flatc ; but by all accounts his ocjoc^a^ioc 
 was not quite perfc^*. His objeel was undoubtedly 
 
 the 
 
 ~ * Pliny the Natural Hiftorian has rightly obferved, that PLilo- 
 
 fbphers, through the afFedlation of apai/.>j, divefted themfelves of all 
 
 hsian affe&ionu That tUis was the safe v?ith Diogenes the Cynic, 
 
 ' Pyrrho,
 
 128 THE LIFE OT 
 
 the fame with that of the Pyrrhonifls, and he purfu'ei' 
 it by a like way of reafoning. The fpeculalions of 
 thefe men were fo copious, that there is matter enough 
 left for another Mr. Hume to fet himfelf up with, 
 and pafs for an origi-nal. Of all the fedls of antiquity 
 this was the moil unreafonable ; and yet pretended 
 to more wifdom than all the reft. That which was 
 .but folly under Heathenifm, turns into defperation 
 ^nd madnefs under the light and truth of Chriftianity. 
 Where all was blind tradition, or wild conje(5lure, 
 there might be fome excufe for fixing to nothing ; 
 but to affc(5l undi/hifbance, after what is now revealed, 
 concerning death and judgment, and heaven and 
 hell, is to try how far a man can argue himfelf out of 
 his ienfes. What angels may think of fuch a perfon-, 
 I do not inquire : but how muft evil fpirits look upon 
 that man, who fleeps or laughs over the things at 
 which they tremble ; and then calls himfelf a Phi- 
 lofopher ? 
 
 Of the Letters on Infidelity, the fii-ft half is em- 
 ployed on Mr. David Hume ; the latter half on a 
 more modern adventurer ; who, to be revenged on 
 the Bifhops of this Church, put together a mifccllany 
 of objections againft the Scripture and the Chriftian 
 religion. The Right Reverend Bench had pro 
 
 Pyrrho, Hcraclitus, and Timon of Athens ; the lad of whom 
 actually funk into a profefTed hatred of all mankind. xit hie antmi 
 tenor al'tquando In rtgorem quemdam, torvitatemque nature durum et 
 inflexib'thm ; adfudufqite humanos adimlt, quales apathes Graci vacant, 
 niukos ejus generis experti, Nat. HfH. lib., vii. c. 19. 
 
 cured
 
 Dr. HORN E. 129 
 
 Ciired an Act of Parliament againft the Sunday- 
 Clubs, which met together on the evening of the 
 fabbath-day, to indulge themfelves, and corrupt an 
 audience, ^vith certain blafphemous difquilitions and 
 difputations. For thus cruelly dilturbing the amufe- 
 ments of infidelity, the Bifhops are reprefented as 
 the vileft of perfeeutors : whips, tortures, racks, 
 and all the implements of the Holy Office, are intro- 
 duced to confirm the accufation ; from all which a 
 llranger to the cafe might fuppofe it a common thing 
 with the Prelates of this country, to break the bones 
 of Infidels, or roaft them alive : and all this is for 
 nothing elfe, but that they had feafonably and wifely 
 provided, that the Chriftian religion, in a Chriflian 
 country, fhould not be trampled under foot, upon the 
 fabbath-day. 
 
 The obje6lions this man hath brought together 
 are very well taken off: but if Chriftians are bound 
 to anfwer, fo long as infidels will object, who never 
 with to be fatisfied, and are probably incapable of 
 being fo, their lot would be rather hard, and much 
 of their time unprofitably fpent. The Gentlemen of 
 the Long Robe attend the court, not to anfwer the 
 fcruplcs felons may entertain about the principles 
 of juftice, but to adminifter the law; otherwife their 
 work would never be done : and it is the bufincfs of 
 the clergy to preach the Gofpel to the people : it was 
 the part of God, who gave the word, to prove it to 
 the world by prophecies and miracles. The prophe- 
 cies are as ftrong as ever ; . fome of them more fb than 
 
 I formerly ;
 
 I3(J THELIFEOF 
 
 formerly : and miracles are not to be repeated for 
 proof, after the world hath once been pcrfuaded. 
 All is then left to teftimony and education. Before 
 Mofes gave the law, he fliewed figns and wondci-s : 
 but when the law was once received, parents were to 
 tell their children, and conlirm the truth by the 
 memorials that were left of it. It therefore lies upon 
 our adverfarics to flicw, how it came to pafs, on any 
 of their principles, that men like themfclves, as 
 much difpofed to make objections, fhould receive 
 the Scripture as the word of God in the feveral 
 nations of the world, and receive it at the peril of 
 their lives : a fact which they cannot deny. Let 
 them alfo try to account for it, on their own prin- 
 ciples, how the Jews have been ftrolling about the 
 world for feventeen hundred years, as witnefles to 
 the Scripture, and to the fcntence therein paflcd 
 upon thcmielves ? Till they can do thefe things, it 
 is nothing but an evafion to cavil about words imd 
 paflages ; a certain mark of prejudice and perverfc- 
 nefs. They know they cannot deny the whole ; but 
 as they muft appear to be doing fomething, they 
 flatter their own pride by keeping up a ikirmifh, and 
 perplex weak people, by railing difficulties about the 
 parts. This was the expedient on which Mr. Vol- 
 taire beftowed ib much labour. It does not appear 
 to me that he really thought the fa<5ls of Chriftianity 
 to be falfe ; but that his vanity and perverfenefs 
 tempted him to ridicule the Bible, without denying 
 in his mind that God was the author of it : in fadl, 
 
 that
 
 Dr. HORNE. 131 
 
 tliiat he was a Theomach'ift, who hated the truth, 
 knowing it to be fuch, and braved the authority of* 
 Heaven itfelf i or, in the words of Herbert, that he 
 ivas a man. 
 
 Who makes flat '.var Vrith God, dnd doth defy 
 With his poor clod of earth the fpacious flcy. 
 
 If a rehgions, to Which the nature of man isfo hoftile, 
 did actually make its way without force, and againft 
 the utmoll cruelty and difcouragcment from the 
 world ; that fa(ft was a miracle, including wuthin 
 itfelf a thoufand other miracles. 
 
 See,on the o*:her hand, howPaganifm,Mahometifm, 
 and modern Athcifiti, were and are fupported and 
 propagated : the Pagan Idols by ten bloody perfecu- 
 tions, with every a61: of outrageous mockery and 
 infult, for want of reafons and miracles t the religion 
 of Mahomet (a fort of Chriftian Herefy) by rewards 
 of fenfuality and the power of the fword ; that is, by 
 force and temptation 1 the Atheifm of France by 
 farcical repfcfentation and ridicule of truthi, affifted 
 in the rear by imprifonments, murders, and confifca- 
 tions. Thefe be thy gods, O Infidelity, by the pow^r 
 of which thy kingdom is eftablifhed in the world ! 
 Thefe violent efforts fhew the weaknefs offalfe reafon, 
 and the ftrength of that which is true ; and demon- 
 ftrate, that men were prevailed upon by true evidence, 
 and rational perfuafion, to receive the Chriftian faith. 
 Here lie the merits of the caufe in a fmall compafs : 
 and let all the infidels upon earth lay their heads 
 
 I a together.
 
 i3i THE LIFE OF 
 
 together, and give a clire6l anfwer. Swift aflures 
 us from his own obfcrvations, and I believe very truly, 
 that a man was ahvays vicious before be hecume an 
 unheJie-ver ; and tjiat reajoniug imll never make a man 
 correi an opinion^ which by rcajonmg he never acquired. 
 Some fcrvice, however, is done to the caufe of piety, 
 and dcfcnfivc weapons are put into the hands of thofe 
 whofc minds are as yet uncorrupted, w^hcn the maHc6 
 or ignorance of an infidel is cxpofcd by an examina- 
 tion of his objcclions : the corruption of his mind is 
 thereby difplayed in fiich a manner, that e\^en a child 
 may fee it : and therefore we are much obliged to 
 l)r. Home, for anfwcring the doubts of infidels, and 
 for fcafbning his anfwer with fuch W'it and fpirif, 
 that the work, in fomc parts of it, has the force of a 
 comedy : it fliould therefore be piit into the hands 
 of young people, that they may fee how foolifh fbme 
 ineii arc, when the)' pretend to be over-wife. The 
 Letter to Dr. Pricfdcy from an Under- graduate, 
 and the Leiicr to Dr. Adam Smith on the Character 
 of David Hume, and thefe Letters on Infidelity, are 
 three choice pieces upon the fame argument, which 
 IhouM always go together. But fuppofc infidelity 
 is anfwcrcd, the buiincfs is not all done : we have 
 ftill the believing zinbeliever to contend with, of whom 
 there is but little hope. The Chrifiian evidence can 
 certainly have no cUcfi on thole that deny it : but 
 that it fhould have i'o little cflecl on fome that believe 
 it, and even argue and difpute well for it, this is the 
 "grcatcft V, onticr of all . but fo the matter ftands. 
 
 8 There
 
 Dr. HORN E. 133 
 
 There is a fort of people amongft us, who believe 
 Ghriftianity as a/^?t7, while they deny it as a truth : 
 and fuch perfons may do more harm, and be them- 
 felves as far from the kingdom of heaven, as the open 
 unbeliever : the gofpel aiiures us, that he and the 
 hypocrite will have their portion together. Prieflley 
 averts the/^^^ of Ghriftianity againft the Philofophers 
 of France, while he believes no more of its truth 
 than the Sadducces of Jcrufalem did, who yet never 
 denied that God had fpoken unto Mofes. That 
 men profcffing Ghriftianity fliould be under tempta- 
 tions to vice, we can ealily underftand : but that 
 their minds fhould believe and deny, at the fame 
 time, concerning the fame thing, there is the dif- 
 ficulty. May it be faid, that the mind has antece 
 dently admitted n principle, which militates againft 
 the truth while it docs not militate againft ihtt fucJP 
 Qod knows how the matter is : but I lee too much 
 qf it in the world. 
 
 Though the imagination of Dr. Home was fome- 
 times at play, when the Specidimi of Infidelity was 
 in his hand, his heart was always ferious : whence it 
 cfiiVcie. to pafs, that the compofition of fermons was a 
 work never out of his mind ; and it was the defire 
 and the pleafarc of his life to make himfelf uleful 
 in the pulpit wherever he went. The plaa. which he 
 commonly propofed to himfelf in preaching, upon a 
 pafiage of the Scripture, was that of giving, i. The 
 literal fenfe of it : then, 2. The;, interpretation or ipirit 
 ^fif; and 3. The practical or moral ufc of it, in an 
 
 1 3 application
 
 134 THELIFEOF 
 
 application to the audience i and he was of opinion, 
 that one difcourfe, compofed upon this plan, was 
 worth twenty immethodical eiiays ; as being more 
 inftrudlive in the matter, more intelUgible in the 
 delivery, and more eafily retained in the memory. 
 Yet, after long practice, he came to a determination, 
 that no method was more excellent, than that of 
 taking fome narrative of the Scripture, and railing 
 moral obfervations on the feveral circumftances of it 
 in their order. His Sermon on Lot in Sodom, vol. 
 II. difcourfe i. and on Daniel in Babylon, vol. II. 
 viii. are of this kind. The Noble Convert, or Hiftory 
 of Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch, vol. II. iii. is 
 another. The Paralytic, and the Woman taken in 
 Adultery, belong to the fame clafs. One of the 
 mod fkilful and excellent preachers this Church 
 could ever boaft, was the late Dr. Heylyn, a Preben- 
 dary of Weftminfter. His difcourfe on the Canaanit 
 was confidered by Dr. Home as a mod perfe6l and 
 elegant model of a fcrmon, on a miracle, or any 
 other portion of the Scripture : he pronounced it to 
 be fuceindl, clear, forcible, with nothing in it fu- 
 perfluous or tirefomc : and it came into his mind, 
 on reading it, that another after the fame model 
 might be compofed on the Samaritan Woman and 
 the difcourfe our Saviour held with her. This he 
 lived to execute. It is tl:ill among his unpublilhcd 
 difcourfes, and is itfelf worthy to be printed, as a 
 fpecimen oft bis manner, 
 
 Thcro
 
 Dr. HORNE. 135 
 
 There arc certainly different modes of preaching, 
 all of which are good in their way : ibme arc moil 
 proper for one fubje(5l, fome for another. One of 
 thcfc is that of Jcfus Chrift himfcif ; who from pre- 
 fent occafions, and circiimftances of time and place, 
 made ufe of the opportunity to raife fuch dodlrincs 
 as were wanting for the inftru6lion of his hearers: 
 the mind being under the bed preparation for the 
 conceiving of truth, when that truth is raifed from 
 the objects of its prefent attcfuion. We fee our 
 Saviour at a well of water (a precious object in hot 
 countries) difcourfing on the waters of life, to a 
 perfon who came, in the heat of the day, to draw the 
 water of the well. After this example did Dr. Home, 
 vhen he was by the fca-lidc at Brighthelmfi:one, 
 take the Sea for the fubjed: of a lermon ; one of the 
 moft ingenious he ever compofed ; and, without 
 queftion, peculiarly Itriking to the audience, who 
 had the objccft before their eyes*. This naturally 
 reminds me of a reflexion he made, when, with 
 other young people of the Univerfity, he attended a 
 courfe of Chemical Le6tures at Oxford. It w'as the 
 cuftom of Dr. xMcock to carry his pupils over fuch 
 ground, as rendered the fcience of great tervice to 
 every perfon of a learned profeifion. The laft ledlure 
 was upon poifons : and the fubje(5t required, that 
 fnakes fhculd be produced upon the table, and made 
 to bite poor harmlefs animals to death ; whofe cries, 
 
 See vol. III. dJfc. ir. 
 
 1 4 and
 
 136 THELIFEOF 
 
 and bowlings, and convullions, after the wounds 
 given, were extremely afFe6ling, and made feme of 
 the fpe6lators ready to faint. On which he obferved 
 afterwards " that would have been the moment, to 
 have delivered a theological le61ure on the Old Ser- 
 pent of the Scripture that hath the j^ourr of death 
 and firft brought it, with all its fatal fymptoms and 
 miferies, into the world !" And he judged right ; 
 it would have been better underftood, and more felt, 
 at that time, than at "any other ; fbr it is not to b^ 
 calculated, how much the mind is affilled in its 
 contemplations by the fenfes of the body, giving 
 life to its ideas, and working irreliltibly upon the 
 paffions. 
 
 His opinion concerning the duties of a preacher, 
 is to be found in the Preface to the firft volume of 
 his Sermons, exprefled in the words of Fenelon. 
 He confidered alfo, but never printed, the faults 
 and abufes which every preacher fhould fludy to 
 avoid : and as it may be of much fervice to fome 
 readers, I fhall take the liberty of mentioning then^ 
 in this place : 
 
 X>et thofe teach others, who themfelves excel. 
 And cenfure freely who have written well. 
 
 " A preacher fhould avoid rambling w^on general ar 
 trivial fubje(^s ; fuch as are not to the purpofe ; not 
 adapted to the wants and occalfions of the audience, 
 which are always to be confidered. 
 
 *vHe
 
 Dr. HORNE. 137 
 
 " He fhould beware of polemical and wrangling' 
 compofitions. 
 
 " He (hoiild not mix things /acred and profune to- 
 gether, from an oftentation of learning. Such learn- 
 ing is quite out of place. Alfoadifcourle, confiding 
 of m//Vtf/rcmarks, is fitter for an editor than 2i preacher, 
 ^ee Hcylyn L 155. with the Preface to Maffillon's 
 Petit Careme ; and the note in Ofwald's Common 
 Senfc, vol. I. for fome very ufeful obfervations on 
 this part of the fubjcdl. 
 
 " To be always dwelling on the expedience, necejfity, 
 and evidence of revelation, is to fuppqfc that the 
 audience conlifts of Dei/is : for fuch difcourfes have 
 no efFed: on any but Deifts, and rarely upon them. 
 
 " There may be a fault alfo, in dwelling too much^ 
 on the elenwitary and catechetical do6i:rines, and 
 not (as the apoftle exprelies it) going on unto pev" 
 feBion. 
 
 " It is aUvays bad to treat religious fubjedls in a 
 dull, dry way ; neglecting the imagery^ energy, and 
 ferfmi/ive elocution of the Scriptures. 
 
 ^' Nor is it better to difcourfeon morality in a rigid, 
 legal, and comfortlefs manner, without firft warming 
 and animating the mind to the practice of it by mo- 
 tives o( faith and love. St. Paul, in I. Cor. XV. diA 
 courfes, for fifty-feven verfes together, on the ani- 
 mating doClrine of the Refurre6lion of Chrift, and 
 in one fingle verfe, the laft in the chapter, conveys 
 the moral of the whole. 
 
 *^ Much time and labour are frequently loft In 
 
 proving
 
 fjS THELIFEOF 
 
 proving what all the hearers allow : as for example, 
 the obligation they arc under to do their duty, inftc^d 
 of Viewing and expofijig the various modes of felf- 
 deceit, by which they contrive to elude the obligation, 
 and live in contradi(ition to their principles. Pleas 
 and pretences of this fort fhould be collected, ftated, 
 and anfvvered in a clofe lively manner, till the hypo- 
 crite is completely unmalked, driven out of his ftrong 
 holds, and obliged to furrender at diferetion. Maf- 
 fillon is admirable at this, and it makes the general 
 plan of his fermons. 
 
 " The word of God isabufed by preachers, when 
 jt is accommodated and made fubfervient to the cor- 
 ruptions of the time. It is then an inflrument for. 
 the gratifying of their vanity, or procuring wealth and 
 promotion. Such a traffic with the world is like 
 that of Judas, when he fold Chrift for money. 
 
 " All aifedled elegance, and trifling conceits, are 
 to be avoided, as having a bad efFe6l upon the audi- 
 ence, who are tempted to forget the errand they 
 came upon, and to fuppofc that the preacher, ap- 
 pearing to have no fenfe of the greatnefs of his fub- 
 jet\, is not in carneft. 
 
 " Too great flimiliarity of expreffion, with coarfc 
 images, taken from low fubjec^s, are fulfome. Dr. 
 South has fome excellent obfervations, in vol. IV* 
 p. 40, on the words. Every fcrihe injlruted into iJje 
 kingdom of God, &c. 
 
 " In what is called an appJimlion, at the end of 
 
 g fermon, the preacher makes a tranlition by the 
 
 6 Ihortcft
 
 Dr. HORN E. 139 
 
 fliorteft way, from the fubjedl to the audience, and 
 fhews them their duty from what has been faid. A 
 writer, ftrong in his expreffions, affirms, that a fer- 
 mon without an application does no more good than 
 the Jinging of a Jkylark : it may teach, but it does 
 not impel ; and though the preacher may be under 
 concern for his audience, he does not fliew it, till he 
 turns the fubje6t to their immediate advantage." 
 
 Thefe obfervations, upon the compofition of fer- 
 mons, are fo much the more valuable, becaule we 
 have them from a moil excellent preacher, who had 
 formed himfelf upon the rules he has given for others. 
 He is a good farmer, who raifes a good crop ; but he 
 is a better, who teaches others alfo to do the fame ; 
 and the public are more obliged to him. If thefe 
 precepts were jjroperly attended to, the people would 
 foon know how to dillinguilh between a found teacher 
 and an unlearned enthufiaft ; the Methodifts would 
 decreafe, and the Church would be edified. If 
 fomething had been added againft errors in the pro- 
 nunciation offermons, I fhould have been glad to 
 communicate it : but as I find nothing to this purpofe, 
 I fhall venture but a fingle remark upon the fubje^l. 
 Every preacher wifhes to be underjiood as well as 
 heard ; but many are deficient in this refpe6t, for 
 want of a difiincSl articulation ; which might eafily 
 be acquired, if they would attend to a fimple rule, 
 without the obfervation of which no man's deliveiy 
 can be perfc6l. It is well known, tliat a piece of 
 writing may be underflood, if all the vowels are 
 
 omitted;
 
 146 THE LIFE OF 
 
 omitted ; but if the vowels are fet dawn, and the 
 confonants omitted, nothing can be made of it. 
 Make the experiment upon any fentencc : for ex- 
 ample ; judge 7iot that ye he yiot judged. Take out thtd 
 vowels, and it will fland thus jdg nt thiy h tit jdgd : 
 This may readily be made out : but take away the 
 confonants, and nothing can pollibly be made of it - 
 veoa e eo tie. It is the lame in fpeaking as in writing : 
 the vowels make a noilc, and thence they have their 
 name, but they difcriminate nothings Many fpcakers 
 think they are heard, if they bellow them out : and 
 fo they are ; but they are not imderftcod ; bcraiife 
 the difcrimination of words depends upon a diftincSt 
 articulation of their confonants : for want of cour 
 lidering which, many fpeakers fpend their, breatia 
 to little effecl. The late Biibop of Pctcrboroiigh, Dr 
 Hinchcliffe, was one of the moft pleafmg preacher* 
 of his time. His melodious voice was the gift of nap 
 turCj^ and he fpake with the accent of a man of lenfc 
 (fuch as he really was in a fuperior degree) but it 
 was remarkable, and, to thofe who did not know the 
 caufc, myfterious, that there was not a corner of the 
 church, in which he could not be heard diftinc^ly. 
 I noted this myfelf with great fatisfadlion ; and by 
 watching him attentively, I perceived it was an in- 
 variable rule with him, to do jullice to every confo^ 
 nant, knowing that the vowels will be fure to fpeak 
 for them.felves. And thus he became the furcfi and 
 cleareft of fpeakers ; his elocution was perfect, apd 
 never difappointed his audience. In this refpect, 
 
 moll
 
 Dr. HORNE. 141 
 
 tnoft preacliers have it In their power to follow him : 
 his fcnfc, and his matter, and the fweetnefs of his 
 tone, were fuch as few will attain to. He was a 
 prelate, to whom I owed much refpe6l ; and I am 
 happy in giving this teflimony to his excellence. 
 
 The laft literary work which Dr. Home propofed 
 to execute, while Dean of Canterbury, was a formal 
 Defence of the Divinity of Chrift againft the Objec- 
 tions of Dr. Pricflley ; in which it was his intention 
 to fhew, how that writer had millaken and perverted 
 the Scripture and the Liturgy. 
 
 I have often wondered fecretly, why this good man 
 Ihould have felt as if he was called upon to encounter 
 a writer of Dr. Priefdey's difpolition, who had already 
 pafled under the ftrong hand of Dr. Horflcy, and 
 ^^ould have been humbled for the time to come, had 
 he been blcficd with any feeling. That Dr. Pricftley 
 is a man of parts, a verfatile genius, and of great faga- 
 city in philofophical experiments, is well known and 
 univcrfally allowed : but let" any perfon follow him 
 clofely, and he will fee, that if ever there was a 
 wife man, of whom it might be faid, that the more he 
 harnt, the lefs he underftood, it will be found true of 
 Dr. Prieftley. His vanity made him believe, that 
 he was wife enough to enlighten, and powerful 
 enough to difturb, the world : he was therefore for 
 ever bufy at one ofthefe or the other; a Volcano, 
 conflantly throwing out matter for the increafe of 
 berefy, fchifm, or fedition, and never to be quenched 
 by difputing. It is the way of the worlds to make 
 
 their
 
 142 TMELIFEOr 
 
 their eftlmate of a man from his parts and al3ilitics * 
 but it is more wife and juft to meafure him from the 
 life he makes of them, to the henejit or the hurt of" 
 mankind ; as the beams of the fun arc ufed to warm 
 and animate, while the brightnefs of hghtning \% 
 to terrify and confume. So long as Dr. Priefilcy 
 felt nothing {oy feemed to feel nothing) it had a bad 
 cfte(St upon him, and made him more troublcfome, 
 that fuch perfons as Dr. Horiley and Dr. Home 
 Ihould enter the lifts againft him : it made him ap- 
 pear more formidable in the eye of the public, and fo 
 it tended to gratify the prevailing paflion of his 
 mind. So far indeed as he deceived and difturbcd 
 others, a companionate regard to them might be the 
 motive with thofe who difputed with him. 
 
 In the year 1786 Dr. Home preached a fermon 
 at th(^ Primary Vilitation of the Archbifhop at Can* 
 terbury, on the duty of contending earnejih for the 
 faith ; and when this was printed, together with 
 another difcourfe on the Trinity, he fabjoined an 
 advertifement, declaring his intention to anfwer the 
 objcdlions againft the Divinity of Chrift, which had 
 been urged of late. " Indulgence, faid he, is re- 
 qucfted as to the article of time : I cannot write ib 
 faft as Dr. Prieftley does ; and I wifh to execute the 
 iKOxY with care and attention ; after which it Ihall 
 be left to the judgment of the learned, the pious, and 
 the candid, of all denominations.'* At the clofe of 
 this year, he alludes to the advertifement, in a letter 
 from Canteji^ury : " You fee the talk I have under- 
 taken."
 
 Dr. HORN E. 14J 
 
 falLcn.'* And here nobody will wonder, tliat as he 
 had given me his affiftancc in the firft work I pub- 
 liOied, and its chief merit had been owing to that 
 circumftance, he fhould demand of me in return 
 any fervice be thought it in my power to execute : 
 he therefore goes on, " It is undertaken in confi- 
 dence of your friendly aid ; and I fhould be happy, 
 <is we began together with Clayton, if we might end 
 together with Pricftley." For the fake of Dr. Home, 
 I was ready to work under him, in any capacity he 
 fhould prefcribe : but it always appeared to me, that 
 Prieflley was a perfon of too coarfe a mind to be the 
 proper objedl of a ferious argument. That he had 
 borrozved mod of his obje6lions, 1 had very little 
 doubt ; and that his remarks on Jews, Gnoftics, 
 Ebionites, Plato, Philo, and Juftin Martyr, were not 
 original ; there being a magazine in ftore, to which 
 the orthodox of this country do but rarely apply thcm- 
 fclves. If this could have been pointed out, it would 
 have done more toward the curing of his readers, 
 and given more mortification to himfelf, than the 
 moft laboured confutation of the matter in the four 
 volumes of his Objections. 
 
 Dr. Home, I am very fure, had a mean opinion 
 of Prieftley's originality as a fcholar : he fpeaks of 
 him under the cbara6ter of a man, "jcho is defying all 
 the world y and canufJ conjtrue a conuiwn pece of Greek 
 <fi- Latin*. I find another note concerning him, 
 
 Letter, Aug. 22, 1786, 
 
 with
 
 144 THE LIFE OF 
 
 with the date of 1788 affixed to it, takeh fr6m Dn 
 Johnibn, who fpokc his opinion of Priellley to Mr. 
 Badcock in thefe Words ; " You have proved him 
 as deficient in probity as he is in learning." Mr. 
 Badcock had en I led him an hidex-fcholar : btit John- 
 fbn was not willing to allow him even that merit ; 
 faying, that he borrowed from thofe who had been 
 bon-owcrs themfelves, and did not know that the 
 miftakes he adopted had been anfvvered by others*. 
 There was an expe6tation about this time, that a 
 controverfy would break out between Pricftley and 
 Gibbon ; of which an arch Quaker fpokc thus, '* Let 
 thofe who deny, and thofe who corrupt, the true re- 
 ligion of Jefus Chrift, fight it out together ; and 
 let his faithful followers enjoy their mutual over- 
 throw -f-.'* 
 
 In the eyes of all reafbnable men, the Church of 
 England could want but little defence, in a literary 
 way, againft an adverfary fo enflamed with political 
 hatred againft it, and openly avowing a defign to 
 undermine and blow up its foundations, as with an 
 explofion of ^Mw^oW^?":}:. When it comes to this, 
 the difputc is no longer literary : the perfon who 
 carries it on in this way, fhould be conlidered (if a 
 
 * See the Gentleman's Magazine for July 1785, p. 596. 
 
 f Ibid. p. 600. 
 
 + It was an obfei vation of Dr. Home, upon the curious fcrmon. 
 on Free Inquiry, that the author fpokc of tkis Powdcr-plot againft 
 the Church of f ngland with as much certainty, as if he had held 
 fit lantern. , 
 
 gentleman)
 
 JDr. fiORNE. 14J 
 
 gentleman) as a perfon of an unfound mind ; if of 
 a gentleman, then as an object of the penal laws of 
 his country, if it fhould have any againft fuch offend- 
 ers. One, who is fo wild and dangerous in his politics, 
 mult be a counterfeit in his Chriftianity ; who being 
 detailed, is thereby fufficiently anfwered. 
 
 On thefe confiderations, without any view to the 
 fparing of my own trouble, I was as well plealed to 
 fee, that the delign of writing farther againft Priellley 
 was not profecuted with vigour. How much had 
 been colle6led for this purpofe, I do not find ; yet I 
 know that the fubje6l had been long and often in the 
 mind of Dr. Home ; who told me when at Nayland 
 in the year 1789, he had fatisfied himfelf in refpedl 
 to ever}^ objedlion from the Liturgy, except one ; 
 and that was from an expreflion in the Athanafian 
 Creed, which founded like Trltheifm ; the Creed 
 affirming each perfbn hy himjelf to he God and Lord* 
 I ventured to afliire him, that the pafiage gave me 
 no trouble, becaufe I did not confider it as a meta-- 
 phyfical aflcrtion, but as a plain reference to the 
 words of the Scripture ; which to each perfon of the 
 Godhead, diftin6lly taken by himjelf, fo far as that 
 can be done, does certainly give the titles both of 
 Gtf^and Lord*. In this, therefore, inflead of de- 
 pending on the Creed, we only depend, as that does, 
 upon the words of the Scripture. With this he was 
 
 * See John, xx. 28, Ads, v. 4. and xxviii. 25; and many other 
 like paflages, 
 
 K fatisfied.
 
 146 THE LIFE OF 
 
 fatisfied, and allowed that fuch an intention in the 
 Creed removed the difficulty. 
 
 The laft conlidcrable affair in which he concerned 
 himfelf while Dean of Canterbury, was an application 
 from the Bifhops of the Epifcopal Church of Scotland ; 
 three of whom, in the year 1 789, came up to London, 
 to petition Parliament for relief from the hard penal- 
 ties under which they had long fuffered. This they 
 ventured to do, in conlideration of the loyalty and 
 attachment they had lately profelTed toward the King 
 and the Conftitution. 
 
 It was my lot likewife not to be an unconcerned 
 fpe6lator in this buiinef^. Through an intimacy 
 which had long fubfifted between myfelf and a gen- 
 tleman of great worth and learning in the county 
 of Kent (the Reverend Nicholas Brett, of Spring- 
 Grove) I became acquainted with the Bifhop of 
 Edinburgh, Dr. Abernethy Drummond of Hawthorn- 
 den, and had frequently correfponded with him. As 
 foon as he came to London with his colleagues on 
 the buiinefs aforefaid, he wrote me word of his arrival, 
 and explained the caufe of the journey they had 
 undertaken. Being myfelf of too inconfiderable a 
 ftation to be of any immediate fervace to them in 
 a matter of fuch importance, I thought it the 
 moft prudent ftep I could take, to forward the letter 
 to a great perfon : who, with his ufual goodnefs and 
 difcretion, undertook to be an advocate for them ; 
 together with many other perfons of high refpeda- 
 
 bility ;
 
 t)R. HORNE. i47 
 
 ibility ; and their petition was at length brought to 
 fuch an ifllie, as excited great thankfulnefs in the 
 petitioners, though it did not exadlly come up to the 
 wifhes they had formed at fetting out. 
 
 There was no fmall difficulty in making fome per- 
 fons underftand, w^ho and what thefe poor petitioners 
 were: and the calc, notwithflanding all that has 
 pafled, may ftill be the fame with many at this day. 
 I therefore hope to be excufedj if I enlarge a little in 
 this place on their hiftory and character, as they 
 appeared, and were known, to Dr. Home; whofe 
 good opinion will be remembered as an honour, and 
 may be of fome ufe to them hereafter. 
 
 He had confidered, that there is fuch a thing as 
 a pure and primitive Conftitution of the Church of 
 Chrift, when viewed apart from thofe outward ap- 
 pendages of worldly power, and worldly protedlion, 
 which are -fometimes miftaken, as if they were as 
 eflential to the being of the Church, as they are ufeful 
 to its fuftentation. The hiftory of the Chriftian 
 Church, in its early ages^ is a proof of the contrary ; 
 when it underwent various hardfhips and fufFerings 
 from the flu6luating policy of earthly kingdoms. 
 And the fame happened to the Epifcopal Church of 
 Scotland, at the Revolution in 1688 ; when Epifco- 
 pacy was abolifhed by the State, and the Prefbyterian 
 form of Church-Government eftablifhed*. By this 
 
 eftabliflmient 
 
 * It is notorious, that the violence of the adverfe party againft 
 
 K 2 th
 
 148 THELIFEOF 
 
 eftablidiment the Bidiops were depriv^ed of their 
 Jiirifdi(5lion, and of all Right to the Temporalities 
 of their Sees. But in this forlorn ftate they Hill con- 
 tinued to exift, and to exercife the fpiritual fundlions 
 of their epifcopal character : by means of \\hieh, 
 a regular fucceflion of Bifhops, and Epifcopally- 
 ordaincd Clergymen, has been kept up in Scotland, 
 under all the difadvantages ariling from a fufpicion of 
 their being difaffedled to the Crown, and attached to 
 the intereft of an exiled family. While attempts 
 were making in behalf of that family, a variety of 
 circumllances rendered it impoflible for them to re- 
 move this fufpicion, notwithftanding the many in- 
 conveniences and hardfliips to which it expofed them. 
 All they could do was to condu6l themfelves in fuch 
 a quiet manner, as might at length convince the 
 Government, they had nothing to fear from a Scotch 
 Epifcopal Church, and confequently that there was 
 no neceffity for the execution of thofe fevere laws, 
 "which on different occafions had been enadled 
 againft it. 
 
 At lall the happy period came, which was to re- 
 lieve them from this embarraffing fituation. The. 
 wifdom and clemency of his prefent Majefly's Go- 
 vernment encouraged them to hope, that an offfer of 
 
 the Epifcopal Church in Scotland began hfore the Government 
 under King William was fettled : when it could not be known by 
 experience whether they would join with it or not. Before the 
 Convention met, their Clergy were forcibly driven from their 
 churches^ and their poiTeffions fcizcd. 
 
 their
 
 Dr. HORN E. 149 
 
 their allegiance would not be reje^lcd : and as foon 
 as they could make that offer in a confcientious 
 manner, they had the fatisfa^lion to find by the King's 
 anfwer to their addrefs that it was gracioufly accepted : 
 in Gonfequence of which, they could not but hope, 
 that the Britifli Legiflature would take their cafe 
 into confideration, and fee the expediency of re- 
 lieving both Clergy and Laity of the Epifcopal Com- 
 munion in Scotland from the penalties to which they 
 were expofed in the exercife of their religion. 
 
 With this hope, three of their Bifhops, as I have 
 faid, came to London in the year 1789; and notwith- 
 llanding the ample recommendations they brought 
 with them from their own country, they found it a 
 work of time to make themfelves and their application 
 properly underftood. It would have been barbarous, 
 after the die was caft, to have thrown any difcourage- 
 ments in their way : but I was of opinion, from the 
 beginning, that they were come too foon : more pre- 
 paration was requifite than they wxre aware of. 
 The penal laws had reduced the Scotch Epifcopal 
 Church to a condition fo deprefled and obfcure, that 
 it could fcarcely be known to exifl, but by fuch 
 perfons as were previoufly acquainted w4th its hiltory. 
 Among thefe, none entered more willingly and 
 warmly than tlie then good Dean oi Canterbury, 
 As foon as he heard of the arrival of the Scotch 
 Bifhops at London, he was anxious to let them know 
 how heartily he approved of the object of their 
 journey, and kindly offered every afliftance in his 
 
 K 3 power
 
 J50 THE LIFE OF 
 
 power to bring the matter to a happy conclulion. 
 He paid them every mark of attention both at London 
 and Oxford ; and when they fet out on their return 
 to Scotland, without having attained their obje6t, 
 be exprefTed, in very affecSlionate terms, his concern 
 at their difappointment, and told them at parting not 
 to be difcouraged ; for, faid he, " your caufe is good, 
 and your rcquell fo reafonable, that it cannot long be 
 denied," 
 
 In February 1791, after having taken his feat in 
 the Houfc of Lords as Bifhop of Norwich, he wrote 
 a friendly letter to Bifhop Skinner of Aberdeen, 
 afTuring him and the other members of the Committee 
 for, managing the bulinefs of the Epifcopal Church 
 of Scotland, that any help in his power fhould be at 
 their fervice : and fpeaking of their applying anew 
 to both Houfes of Parliament, he faid, " It grieved 
 him to think they had fo much heavy work to do 
 over again ; but l^ufinefs of that fort required patience 
 and perfeverance." 
 
 It was faid about this time, that the Lord Chan^ 
 cellor Thurlow withheld his confent to the Scotch 
 Epifcopal Bill, till he fhould be fatisfied by fome of 
 the Englifh Prelates, that there really were Bifliops 
 in Scotland. When Bifhop Home was waited upon 
 with this view by the Committee of the Scotch Church, 
 and one of them obfcrved, that his Lordfhip could 
 afTure the Chancellor they were good Bijbop, he 
 anfwered with his ufual affability and good humour, 
 * Yes, lir, much better bifhops than I am." 
 
 A cler-i
 
 Dr. H O R N E. 151 
 
 A c!erg}^man of Scotland, who had received En- 
 glifh ordination, appHed to him, wiftiingto be con- 
 sidered as under the jurifdidlion of Ibme Englifh 
 Bifhop ; that is, to be, in efFe6l, independent of the 
 Bifhops of Scotland in their own country : but he 
 gave no countenance to the propofal, and advifod 
 the pecfcn who made it quietly to acknowledge 
 the Biftiop of the d iocefe in which he lived, who, 
 he knew, would be ready to receive him into com- 
 munion, and require nothing of him, but what 
 was nccefiary to maintain the order and unity of a 
 Chriftian Church ; afliiring him at the fame time, 
 that if he were a private clergyman himfelf, he fhould 
 be glad to be under the authority of fuch a Bifhop. 
 One anecdote more upon this fubjedt, and I h^ve 
 done. 
 
 From the prefent circumftances of its primitive 
 orthodoxy, piety, poverty, and deprefled ftate, he 
 had fuch an opinion of this Church, as to think, that 
 if the great Apoftle of the Gentiles were upon earth, 
 ' and it were put to his choice with what denomination 
 of Chriftians he would communicate, the preference 
 would probably be given to the Epifcopallans of Scot- 
 land, as mod like to the people he had been ufed 
 to. This remarkable paflage happened, as I perfe6lly 
 recollect, while we were talking together on the 
 fubje6l of the Scotch Petition, on one of the hills 
 near the city of Canterbury, higher than the pinnacles 
 of the Cathedral, where there was no witnefs to our 
 difcourfe but the fky that was over our heads; and 
 
 K 4 yet.
 
 152 THE LIFE OF 
 
 yet, when all things are duly confidered, I think 
 no good man would have been angry, if he had 
 overheard us. 
 
 If the reader fhould wifh to know more of the 
 people of this communion, let him confult an Eccle- 
 liaftical Hiftory of the Church of Scotland, by Mr. 
 Skinner, father to the prefent worthy Bifhop of 
 Aberdeen ; a hiftory comprehending a plain and un- 
 afFedled detail of fa(^s very intcrefting and amufing : 
 and I hope he will alfo be convinced by the narrative 
 I have here given, npt only that the Bifhops of Scot- 
 land are true Chriilian Bifhops, but that the Bifliops 
 of England, from the part they kindly took in the 
 affair, do little deferve the clamour which fome have 
 raifed againfl them, as if they were fo dazzled by 
 their temporalities, as to lofe fight of their fpiritual 
 chara6ler, and bury the Chriftian Bifliop in the Peer 
 of Parliament. 
 
 The year 1789 was the fatal period, when French 
 infidelity, with all the enthufiaftic fury of fanaticifm, 
 which it had affedled to abhor, rofe up to dcfiroy all 
 regal authority, to extirpate all religion, to filence 
 with the halter or the axe all that were not with them; 
 and, in confequence of their fuccefs at home, under- 
 took to fhake, and diffblve if pofliblc, all the king- 
 doms of the world. When this tremendous form of 
 wickednefs firft appeared, it happened that I was at 
 Canterbury, on a vjfit to the Dean ; and being called 
 upon to preach in the Cathedral, I took the fubjec^l 
 qf the time, and freely delivered my own fenfe of it ; 
 . ' which
 
 Dr. HORNE. 153 
 
 which is now, I believe, the univerfal fenfe of all that 
 are true friends to this country. But fome perfons, 
 to whofe affairs a limilar Revolution in England 
 would have been of great fervice, were very much 
 offended ; and one of them abufed me groflly for it 
 in a Nevvfpaper. Not many weeks after, the Dean 
 himfelf, on a Court holiday, took the fame fubje6l 
 in the fame pulpit; in confequence of which, the 
 fame pcrfon that had reviled me was heard to declare, 
 that his fermon ought to be burned ly the hangman. 
 When he informed me by letter of this accident, 
 he obfened upon it in his ealy way, that as our 
 doelrines, in bad times, would certainly bring us 
 both to the lamp-pofl, it might then be faid of us 
 *' in their death they were not divided." The cha- 
 racter of the man, who had treated us with all this 
 infolence, was to vulnerable from its infamy, that 
 fome other pcrfon, who was intimately acquainted 
 with his exploits, paid off our fcores to the lafl far- 
 thing, by expofing them to the public in a paper 
 of the time. In fo doing, he verified a wife obfer- 
 vation, which I once received from a traveller in 
 France, who had i^tw and knew more of the world 
 than any I ever met with : " The man, faid he, who 
 injures me without provocation, will never be able 
 to contain himfelf without injuring others in like 
 manner ; Ibme of whom will be fure to pay off my 
 fcores, and fave me the trouble : and in the courfe 
 of my life, I never yet found, but that fomebody or 
 other, io due time, revenged my quarrel, far beyond 
 
 its
 
 iS4r THELIFEOF 
 
 its value, upon that man whofe ill manners and in- 
 folence I had patiently ncgle<5led*/' 
 
 The: life of Dr. Home, during his epifcopate, 
 affords but few incidents confiderable enough to be 
 here related : but there was one, which became the 
 ibbjett of much converfation between him and fome 
 of his friends. In the fummer of the year 1790, 
 lie was upon a vifit at the feat of a gentleman in 
 Korfolk, for whom he had a great regard. I met 
 his Lord (hip there, by his appointment ; and it fo 
 happened, that during our vifit Mr. John Wefley 
 was upon his circuit about the counties of Norfolk 
 and Suffolk, and came to a market-town very near 
 us. Here he had many followers ; and being de- 
 lirous of preaching to a large congregation, he fent 
 feme of his friends to the miniftcr of the place, la 
 afk for the ufe of the parifh church for the forenoon 
 of the next day. The clergyman was under fome 
 difficulty how to condu6t himfelf ; but recolle<5ling 
 that the Bifhop of the diocefe was near at hand, he 
 advifed them to go and alk his permiffion. The 
 mcfiengers accordingly went ; and the Bilhop, always 
 . more ready to encourage than to hinder any good 
 work, fent them back to the clergyman with this 
 anfwer ; that if the minifter of the parifli made no 
 objection, he fhould make none. So it was deter- 
 mined that Mr. Wefley fhould preach in the church 
 
 ''"' The two difcourfes here fpokcn of are to be found in Biihop 
 Home* Sermons, yol. IV Difc. xvi. Jones's Sermons, vol. II. 
 Bifc. i. 
 
 the
 
 Dr. HORNE. jss 
 
 the next day. As I never had an interview with that 
 extraordinary man, and had often defired to meet 
 him, I would have taken this opportunity ; efpccially 
 as there was a matter of no fmall importance, con- 
 cerning which I had a queftion to afk him. But 
 being at this time an attendant upon the Bifhop of 
 the diocefe, we did not know how it might appear, 
 and were unwilling to run the hazard of fuch reports 
 as might have been raifed upon the occafion. But 
 our friend, at whole houfe we then were, being of the 
 Laity, was under none of our difficulties ; and a more 
 intelligent perfon for the purpofe was no where to be 
 found. I therefore requefled him to get to the fpeech 
 of Mr. Wefley in private, after the fermon fhould be 
 over, and to afk him in my name the following queA 
 tion ; " Whether it was true, as I had been afTured, 
 that he had invefted two gentlemen with the Epfcopal 
 chara6ler, and had fent them, in that capacity, over 
 to America ?" With tome difficulty our friend ob- 
 tained a private audience ; and after fome fhort 
 civilities had pafied, he put his queftion. At firft, 
 Mr. Wefley was not diredl in his anfwer ; but by 
 degrees he owned the fac^, and gave the following 
 reafon for it ; that as foon as Vv e had made peace 
 with America, and allowed them their independence, 
 all religious connexion, between this country and 
 the independent colonies, was at an end ; in confe- 
 quence of which, the Sedlaries fell to work to increafe 
 their feveral parties, and the Anahapiijis in particular 
 were carrying all before them. Something therefore 
 5 w^
 
 ts6 THELIFEOF 
 
 was to be done, without lofs of time, for \\\?, poor people 
 (as he called them) in America : and that he had 
 therefore taken the ftep in qucflion, with the hope of 
 preventing farther diforders. The fa6l being not 
 denied, the gentleman, who, for a layman, is as able 
 a church-cafuift as moil of his own or any other order, 
 began to inquire a little farther into the cafe, with 
 the defire to know, how Mr. Wefley had falisfied 
 his own mind in this matter, and what grounds he 
 had gone upon ? But as they were proceeding, fome 
 of his friends, cither being impatient of any delay, 
 or fufpedling that fome mifchicf might be going for- 
 ward, came abruptly into the room, and reminded 
 Mr. Weiley that he had no more time to fpare. 
 Thus the conference was ended, and our friend was 
 obliged to take his leave. Some time afterwards (for 
 we had left his houfc that morning) he gave us this 
 account, as nearly as I can recolle6l ; and having 
 been prefent at Mr. Wcfley's fermon, was fo well 
 pleafed, that he wiihed half the clergy of the Church 
 of England had preached the fame doctrines, with 
 the fame zeal and devotion*. 
 
 In this preaching of Mr. Wefley, and the fubje(51: of 
 the conference, when compared together, we have 
 the character of Methodifm complete : it is Chriftian 
 godlinefs without Chriftian order. It is pity we 
 could not obtain Mr. Wcfley's own fenfe of the 
 commifilon with which his Bifliops were fent out ; 
 
 Let us hope, that the other half do preach them. 
 
 but
 
 Dr. HORNE. 157 
 
 tut as we were difappointed in that, we muft inquire 
 for ourfelves, and anfwer as well as we can, without 
 his help. The cafe obliges us to aik thefe two que(^ 
 tions: i. With what view this was done? and 1. 
 By what authority ? By Mr. Wcfley's own account, 
 this was his expedient for the preventing of confufion: 
 w hence we may gather, that he fuppofed confusion 
 was not to be prevented among Chriftians, but by 
 retaining the order of Bifliops : and farther that unity 
 ha<l, in his opinion, been prcferved among his own 
 pco})le by their relation to the Epifcopacy of the 
 Church of England, from which neither he nor they 
 did ever profefs themfelves to be in a liate of fepara- 
 tion. Of this many proofs might be given. Their 
 prefcnt application to the Bifhop of the diocefe, was 
 a confeliion of his authority, and lignified a deiire of 
 ailing under it: and Mr. Wefley had prefented 
 himiclf at the communion in the Cathedral Church 
 at Norwich, and had received it from the hands of 
 Bifhop Bagot, as the Bifhop himfelf informed me. 
 Mr. Wefley might perhaps have confidcred farther, 
 that if Bifhops were wanting in America for the pre- 
 fervation of unity among his people, and he himfelf 
 did not fend them, nobody elfe ev^er would : for as 
 the Britifh Government did not fend them, when it 
 had power fo to do, it was little to be expe(5led they 
 would attempt it when they had none. I cannot fay 
 what ufe he might make of the difpute between Dr. 
 Mayhew, an American DifTcnter, and Archbifhop 
 Seeker, about the feijding of Bifhops from hence to 
 
 America ;
 
 tsft THE. Life ot* 
 
 America ; which I have always confidered as theJ 
 beginning and caufe of the revolt that foon followed} 
 this, I fay, I do not know, and it would be vain to 
 fpeculate : therefore, let us now alk the fecond quef- 
 tioH, by what authority he fent Bifhopsto America ? 
 
 There are but two poffible w^ays of putting men 
 truly into the miniftry : the one is hy fuccejfi on ; the 
 other by immediate revelation or appointment from 
 God himfelf. Paul received his commiffion to preach, 
 not of man nor hy man, but of God ; who put him 
 into the mmftry. Other minifters of the Gofpel re- 
 ceive their commiffion by impofition of hands, from 
 thofe who had received it before. In this latter way 
 of fucceffion, no man can poffibly give that which 
 lie hath not received. Mr. Wefley being himfelf 
 but a prefbyter, could no more make a bifhop, than 
 a member of the I|oufe of Commons can make a 
 member of the Houfe of Lords, who is made by 
 creation from the King : the lefs is hleffed of the 
 greater, not the greater of the lefs. And as this 
 could not be done by Mr. Wefley in virtue of what 
 he was, it mufl have been done in virtue of what he 
 thought himfelf to be ; a vicar-general of heaven, 
 who w\ns above all human rules, and could give a 
 commiffion, by a fuperior right vefled in his own 
 perfon. If he a6led of himfelf, as John Wefley, a 
 prefbyter of the Church of England, he adted againfi: 
 all fenfe and order ; and by taking upon himfelf 
 what no man can take, he would introduce in the 
 ifllie more confufion than he would prevent. The 
 
 end
 
 Dr. H0RN. 1^^ 
 
 end will never be profperous, when we do evil that 
 good may come ; and if it doth not pleafe God to 
 uphold his own work in his own way, no man can 
 do it for him. He may feem to do fomething, but 
 it will not laft : he works upon a principle, the ten- 
 dency of which is not to edification but to dijfolutioru 
 ^ If Mr. Wefley did not a6t as of himfelf, but as by 
 immediate revelation from God, and by the primary 
 authority of Jcfus Chrift in his Church, then he was 
 iin Enthifiajt, in the flri6left and fulleft fenfe of the 
 word ; and any other perfon, or any hundred perfons, 
 might a6l as he did, if they could think of themfclves 
 as bethought of himfelf. But all fuch confufion was 
 forefeen and prevented, by the rules and orders of 
 a Church, vifibly appointed and viiibly continued. 
 When any people, whoever they are, think they 
 can a(5l with God againfl the rules of God, they are 
 either become Rationalijisy who do all by human au- 
 thority, and deny all fpiritual communication between 
 God and man ; or Enthuftajis, who think the Infpira- 
 tion or Spirit of the Gofpel has fet them above the 
 forms of the Church ; which perfualion terminates 
 in Spiritual Repuhlicanifnu In the Chriflian fociety*, 
 two things are to be kept up with all diligence ; thefe 
 arc, unity dinA piety. The man who fhould fuppofc, 
 that unity without piety will be fufficient to carry him 
 to heaven, would be under a great miftake, and he 
 would be juftly condemned and defpifed for it. But 
 is not he, who fuppofes that piety without unity will 
 carry him to heaven, under as great (and, if he believes 
 
 the
 
 i6o THE LIFE Ot 
 
 the Apoftle, as dangerous) a miltake*? The fubjcel 
 merits great confideratioii : but I fay no more of it 
 in this place. It reminds me of an anecdote I heard 
 feveral years ago, and I believe Bifhop Home was 
 my author. When John and Charles Wefley began 
 their new miniflry, one of them went to confultwith 
 Mr. William Law, as a perfon of profound judgment 
 in fpiritual matters; and when the cafe had been 
 opened, and the intention explained, Mr. Law made 
 anfwer : " Mr. Wefley, if you with to reform the 
 world and fpread the Gofpel, you mull undertake the 
 work in the fame fpirit as you would take a Curacy 
 in the Peak of Derby fhire ; but if you pretend to a 
 new commiflion, and go forth in the fpirit and power 
 of an Apoltle, your fcheme will end in Bedlam.'* 
 
 John Wefley was a wonderful man in his way r 
 his labours were abundant and almoft incredible -j- : 
 
 in 
 
 * See and confider the xii'Ui and xliith chapters of i Cor. the 
 xiiith as a continuation of the xuth. Some excellent hints will be 
 &und on this fubjeft In the Cautions to the Readers of Mr. Law, 
 printed in the Appendix. 
 
 \ Among his own people, he fcemed to do more than he did. 
 Of this I was informed by a bookfeller, who like others had been 
 injured in his trade by the encroachments of Mr. Wefley in the 
 way of book-making : and I was witnefs to fome inftances of this 
 myfelf. He put his name to a Tranflation of Thomas a Kempi* 
 as if the Tranflation had been his own : but a friend fliewed me an 
 old Tranflation, with which it agreed, fo far as we could fee, in 
 every word. He put his name to a Compendium of Philofophy, 
 though he tells us, curioufly in the Preface, it was taken from the 
 work of a Profeflbr at Jena In Germany : yet he muft be allowed 
 
 great
 
 Dr. HORNE. i6i 
 
 m mnny refpcdls he did good ; he made thoiifands 
 bf people fober and godly : and while he was doing 
 good, he avoided evil ; he avoided (at leafl in ap- 
 ipearancc) the (iil of fchifm 1 he tbok the Chriftian 
 fide, in dating the ohgin of power, againft the Re- 
 publicans of America ; for which he Was abufcd as 
 an old fox, who only wanted to be made a bifhopi 
 But with all this, he raifed a fociety on fuch principles 
 as cannot prefcrve its unity \ and thencCj in efFe(5l) 
 its exiftence. I now underftand, that partly from 
 the lofs of their leader, and partly from the confufion 
 of the times, they have embraced fbme bad opinions; 
 in confcquence of which, with little or no relation 
 to the Churthj thdy will not much longer be dif- 
 tinguifhed from other diflentcrs, and may in time hd. 
 as bad as the worft of them; When the lamp is 
 broken, the fnufF may lie burning for a time ; but 
 the fupply of oil being gone, the light can be of no 
 long continuance. If thfe Methodifts would keep 
 what they have gotj, and prevent their own ruin^ 
 they muft do as Mn Wefley did ; and they mult 
 preferve fbme relation to the Church, fo long as any 
 Church Iball remain to which they may be related. 
 
 great merit in ahiplifying tlie work. He fold a work of tnirte, as 
 if it had been an original work, partly copied, and partly put into 
 Englifh verfe, without afking the confent, or making a word of 
 acknowledgment, in the Title or a Preface, to the authoi*. He was 
 free to produce any polllble good from any labour of mine, without 
 being envied i but fuch proceedings have too much the appearance 
 cf party-craft to confift well with honeft unafFeded piety. 
 
 L Abou
 
 lit THELIFEOF 
 
 About a year after the accident of the Sermon and 
 the Conference, a Life of Mr. Wefley was publiftied 
 by a Mr. Hampfon, in which the fa6l offending out 
 bifhops is confcf^cd. This book Bifhop Home had 
 procured ; and taking it out of his pocket as we were 
 walking together in his garden at Norwich, he turned 
 to the paflhge and fliewed it me ; and afterwards he 
 put it into his Charge*, which was the lail work he 
 printed before his death : and this brings me to the 
 end of his literaiy life. 
 
 For the fake of thofe who admire his works, and 
 were not acquainted with his perfon, it may be proper, 
 before I conclude, to fay :fomething of his jiahiral 
 Jife. When he firft came to the Univerlity of Oxford, 
 he was quite a boy ; but being at a time of life when 
 boys alter very faft, he foon grew up into a perfon 
 fo agreeable, that at the opening of the RadelifFe Li- 
 brary, when all were atTcmbled and made their befl 
 appearance, I heard it faid of him, that there was not 
 then a handfomer young man in the Theatre. But 
 he was not of a ilrong and mufcular conftitution ; 
 and from the difadvanlage of being very near-fighted 
 (quite helplefs without the ufe of a glafs) he did not 
 render himfelf more robuft by the pradlice of any 
 athletic exercife. Amufements of that fort gave him 
 more trouble than they were worth, and he never 
 purfued them with any alacrity. It is related of 
 Bifliop Ball, that he was not addidledto any innocent 
 pleafure, which is often necellary to unbend the mind, 
 
 * See p. 23, 
 
 and
 
 S^a prefcrve the body in health and vigour. The 
 only diverfion (if it may be called a divcrlion) to 
 which this great man was addicted, was the enjoyment 
 of agreeable convcrfation : arid the fame was th6 
 favourite amufemcnt of Dr. Hofne to the end of his 
 life. I wifli every young man, who is intended for a 
 Icholar, had fome good or fome heceflary reafon for 
 hot being led a\Vay by any fort of recreation. It was 
 of fervice to his mind, that he was no fifherman, nO 
 fliooter, no hunter, no horfeman : the cultivation of his 
 bnderflanding was therefore carried on with lefs inter- 
 hiption, and his improvements were rapid* While on 
 horfeback he feemed to be in more danger than other 
 young men : iind he had a friend, who Was fo miich 
 concerned for his fafety, that he fometimes rode aftef 
 him, to watch over him, without letting him know 
 of it. But fo it happened, notwithftanding his vigi- 
 lance^ that he faw him fuffer one bad fall^ upon a 
 dirty road, into a deep flouf^h, arid another upon very 
 hard ground in the middle of the fummer. His 
 horfe was then upon a gallops ond the fall pitched 
 him Upon his forehead ; but, by the prote6lion of a 
 good Providence, the blow only gave him a head-ach^ 
 which foon went off without any otlier ill efFe6l. 
 When he came at laft to be a Bifliop, the friend, who 
 had formerly been hj^ attendant, reminded him of 
 thefe accidents, and obferved upon them, " My 
 Lord, i faw you fall twice, I have fcen you rife three 
 times :" meaning, that he had firfi; rifen to be Prefi- 
 dent of Magdalen College, then to be Dean of Can- 
 
 L 2 terbury,
 
 i64 THE LIFE OF 
 
 terbury, and afterwards Bidiop of Norwich. Th<3 
 } ear after he came to Oxford, he fell lick of the fmall- 
 pox, which proved very favourable, and he was re- 
 moved to a houfe upon the hill at Headington for an 
 airing ; where his recovery had raifed his fpirits to 
 fuch a pitch, that his friends could not but obfervc 
 the growing vigour of his mind, and augurate that 
 his wits were intended for fonie very a6live part upon 
 the ftage of human life, as it afterwards proved. His 
 health continued tolerably good, till the time of his 
 protlodliip : and here it ought in jufticc to be re- 
 membered, that he made one of the beft Prodlors ever 
 known in the Univerfity of Oxford. He was ftridl 
 in the exercife of his office ; but his firidlnefs was 
 aecompanied by fomuch mild^cfs and goodnefs, that 
 he was ecjually beloved and feared. His duty called 
 upon him to vilit and infpc(?i: the houfes of poor and 
 diforderly people ; in one of which he took the meaflcs, 
 and fuffcred much by that diftcmpcr. The time at 
 which this accident happened, was in one rcfpedt 
 rather unfortunate ; for he was confined at the time 
 when he fliould have refigncd his office by a perfonal 
 attendance in the Theatre. Dr. Thurlow, the late 
 Bifhop of Durham, being appointed his fucceffor, 
 delivered the Latin fpcech, at the clofe of which he 
 fpoke to this cffed : " As to the late Prodor, I fhall 
 fpcak of him but in few words, for the truth of which 
 I can appeal to all that arc here prcfent. If ever 
 virtue itfelf was vifiblc and dwelt upon earth, it was 
 in the perfon who this day lays down his office.'* 
 
 Which
 
 Dr. HQRNE. 165 
 
 'Which words were followed by an iiniverfal clapping. 
 It was fortunate in one rcfjx.'6l that he was not pre- 
 fent ; for thus it came to pafs, that full juftice was 
 done to his chara(5icr. 
 
 After he became Prelidcnt of Mao-dalcn Colleire, 
 he adhered to the interefi: of Mr. Jenkinfon (now 
 Lord Hawkelbury) a little to the dillurbance of his 
 academical peace. Mr. Jenkinfon had been one of 
 his contcmjx)rarics at Univcrlity College: a gentle- 
 man, who, from his firft appearance in the Univci-fity, 
 always promifcd to do fomething, and to he fomcthing, 
 beyond other men of his time. It was not pofiibic 
 that two fuch young men as he and Mr. Home could 
 be near neighbours without being fond of each other's 
 company. The friendihip once formed was ever 
 atter preferved : and when Mr. Jenkinfon, though 
 well known to be of what was then called the Court 
 party, offered himfelf to reprefent the Univcrlity 
 in Parliament, his two friends, the Prelident of 
 Magdalen, and the IVIafier of Univerfity College, 
 voted for him without fuccefs. Their departure on 
 this occalion from what was then thought the old and 
 proper intcreft of the Univcrlity, brought upon them 
 Ibme animadvcrlions from a few of the warmeft ad- 
 vocates on the other lide ; and little fcurrilous witti- 
 cifms flew about againft them both in the news-papers; 
 which, fo far as their own perfons were concerned, 
 had little cflecl upon either, but that of exciting their 
 laughter ; and they have often been heard to make 
 themfelves merry with feveral pafiages of that time. 
 
 L 3 Soon
 
 i66 THELIFEOP 
 
 ' Soon after he was advanced to the Prefidentfliip o^ 
 Magdalen College, he took to wife the only daughter 
 of Philip Burton, Efq. a lady for whom he always 
 prefervcd the moft inviolate affedlion. By her he 
 had three daughters ; of whom the eldcft is mamcd 
 to the Rev. Mr. Selby Helc, and the two you-ngcrj 
 who are Ungle, rclide in llertfordfhire with Mrs, 
 Horne^ The former refidence of this family near 
 Windfcr introduced him to the acquaintance of 
 feveral great and refpe6iable characters in that neigh^r 
 bourhood, particularly Sir George Howard, who re- 
 ceived, and may probably have prefervcd, many of 
 his letters*. 
 
 His^ vice^chancellorOrfp introduced him to the ac- 
 iquaintance of Lord North, then Chancellor of the 
 tJniverlity ; a nobleman, who to a fine temper, and 
 pleaftint Wit, had added fuch good principles and 
 tifeful learning, that he found in Dr. Home a perfon 
 (6xa6tly fuited to his own mind : and I fuppofe it 
 owitig to the united intereft of Lord Noi-th and Lord 
 Hawkelbur}', that he was made Dean of Canterbury, 
 When this happened, he would willingly have quitted 
 
 * I recoUedl iiv thft place an. accident wluch happened to one of 
 Ills letters. Jie correfponded formerly with Mr. Price of Epfom, 
 v.-hofe lady was the filler of Andrew Stone, Efq. By a millake one 
 of thefe letters fell into the hands of Mr. Stone ; and it happened 
 to contain fome free remarks upon the lives and charafters of 
 courtiers. V/hen this was lamented as an unfortunate circumflance, 
 *' No, rio," faid Mr. Price, *' no misfortune at all very proper 
 thofe bufy gentlemen in high life iliould fee what learned men think 
 f'f tliem and their ficuatioii." 
 
 his
 
 Dr. HORNE. 167 
 
 bis cares at Oxford, and taken up his rcfidence in 
 Kent, his native county ; but that a friend, to whofe 
 judgment he owed refpecl, would not agree to the 
 prudence of fuch a ftep. As for the Dean himfelf, 
 worldly advantage was no object with him ; he lived 
 as he ought ; and if he was no lofcr at the year's end, 
 he was pcrfedlly fatisfied. This I know, becaufc 
 I have it under his own hand, that he laid up nothing 
 from his preferments in the Church. What he gave 
 away was with fuch fecrecy, that it was fuppofed by 
 fome perfons to be little : but after his death, when 
 the penlioners, to whoni he had been a conftant bene- 
 factor, rofe up, to look about them for fome other 
 fupport, then it began to be known who and how 
 many they were. He complained to one of his moft 
 intimate friends, how much it was out of his way to 
 difcover fuch objects as were worthy and pro])cr, 
 becaufe he defcended fo little into commerce with 
 the world j yet, faid he", let any body fhew me, in 
 any cafe, what ought to be done, and they will always 
 find me ready to do it. So far as he knew, he did 
 good ; and often attempted it, when he could not 
 know ; which is more or lefs the cafe with every 
 charitable man. The difcernment of oljjedts is the 
 privilege of God alone ; who yet doeth good unto 
 all, where we know it not. 
 
 As often as he was at Canterbury, his time paflcd 
 very pleafantly : he was in his native country : the 
 families of the place and the neighbourhood fhewcd 
 him the greateft refpec^, and were delighted v/ith 
 
 L 4 his
 
 i68 THELIFEOF 
 
 his company and converfation : If he could have m^ 
 dulged himfclf, with prudence, as he wi(hcd to do^ 
 he would have fixed liimfeh^ there for the remainder 
 of his hfe : but he ftill fubmitted to the unfetlled Hfc 
 of a pilgrim, between the two fituations of his Collego 
 and his Deanry : with every thing that lay between 
 Oxford and Canterbury he was acquainted, and with 
 little belidcs. In the year 1788 his conftitutional 
 infirmities began to inereafe upon him : " I have 
 been more than ever harafled (faid he) this year, 
 for four months paft, with defluxions on my head 
 and breafl ; they have driven me to take the benefit 
 of the Headington air, this charming feafon*, which 
 by God's blefhng will enable me to get clear for the 
 fummer, I believe. But, as I grow older, I fhall 
 dread the return of winter. Do you know what 
 could be done in the way of prcfervativ'e ? My good 
 friends of the Church wifli me to continue here, and 
 engage to do thebulinefsof the Midfumraer Chapter, 
 without me. I am urged to get once more upon a 
 /jorfe as much like an afs as poflible. Long difufb 
 hath now been added to an original awkwardncfs : 
 however, by keeping to a gentle pace, I fliall avoid 
 j^oin^ off, as you remember it was my hap once to 
 do, like a frog from a board." The viiiting of fomn 
 watering-place, Brighthelmftone, or Ramfgate, for 
 the benefit of fea-bathing, had often been of great 
 ler\-ice to him. But notwithftanding all that could 
 
 * I'he letter is dated Majr 20, 1788, 
 
 be
 
 Dr. HORNE. f69 
 
 he (lone, lie grew old faiter than his 3'cars would 
 accoimt for, being now only in his fifty-feventh year; 
 lb that when a dcfign was formed of mrfking him a 
 bifhop, he felt himfelf by no means inelined to un-. 
 dertake the charge of fo weighty an office; and it 
 was not till after much reafoning with himfelf, that 
 he was prevailed upon to accept it. I do not re- 
 member, that I ever took upon me, while this affair 
 was depending, to throw in one word of advice, for 
 it or againft it ; but rather that I left all things to 
 work, as Providence fhould dire6l*. It was a linccre 
 afflicTtion to me, v/hcn I attended him at Norwich, 
 to fee how his limbs began to fail him. The Palace 
 there is entered by a large flight pf ftcps ; on which 
 he obferved one day, *' Alas, I am copie to thefc ileps, 
 at a time of life, when I can neither go up them nor 
 (down them with fafety." However, he reflfted his in- 
 ^rmities with a degree of refoiution. He accuftomed 
 Jiiinfelf to walk early in the garden by my perfuafion ; 
 find aticnted to it^ in his pleafant way, with thefc 
 
 * Very foon after the nomination of Dean Home to the See oF 
 l!^oi-wich, a clergyman of that city calling upon a clergyman of the 
 city of London, faid to him, Report tells us that the Dean of Can- 
 terbury is to be our Bifhop. Yes, faid the London clergyman, fol 
 
 Jiear, and I am glad of it, for he'll make a truly Chriftian Bifliop 
 
 Indeed ! replied the other: 'vyell, I don't know him myfelf, being 
 a Cambridge man ; but, 'tis currently reported at Norwich that 
 he's a MethodilL The fame clergyman, when he became ac- 
 quainted with his Bifhop, was much delighted with him ; and 
 afterwards lamented his death as a great lofs to the Chriftian Chui ch 
 in general, and to the Pioccfe of Norwich ip particular. 
 
 words :
 
 i7 THELIFEOF 
 
 words : " Mr. William (for fo it had been his cuftom 
 to call me for many years) I have heard you fay, that 
 the air of the morning is a dram to the mind : I will 
 rife to-morrow and take a dranu' That the faculties 
 of his mind did not fail, in the way it was imagined, 
 fo long as he remained at Norwich, I could fhew by 
 the contents of the laft letter he wrote to me, within 
 a few weeks of his death ; in which there is the fame 
 humour and fpirit as had diftinguifhed him in the 
 prime of his life. That he was not fubjeft to fits of 
 weaknefs in his mind, I do not fay : he could not 
 perfevere in a train of thought, as he ufed to do, but 
 applied himfelf by (hort intervals, as his ability would 
 permit ; and in that way he could execute more than 
 we fhould have expected from him, under his bodily 
 infirmities. From two vifits to Bath he had received 
 fcnfibic benefit, and was meditating a third, when I 
 left him in the autumn of 1791, which be had been 
 requefi:cd not to defer too long. At my departure 
 from Norwich, he carried nre in his coach about ten 
 miles ; and we converfed by the way on the fubje6i: 
 of his charge, of which his mind was full, and which 
 he was then beginning to print. When I had made 
 him a promifc to meet him during his next vifit t 
 Bath, -he ^ti me down at Lodden, and I betook my- 
 felf to my horfcs. That moment will for ever dwell,, 
 like a black fpot, upon the mind, in which we had 
 the laft fight of a beloved friend. After this parting 
 I never faw him more. His company I can now feek 
 only in his writings; which are almofi: my daily 
 
 delight.
 
 Dr. HORNE. 171 
 
 jfelight. His journey to Bath, contrary to the per- 
 fualion of his friends, was clefeiTed too long. Yet 
 he had ftill fach remaining vigour in his mind, that 
 he did not intend to make his vifit to Bath an idle 
 one ; but {elected from his manufcript Sermons a 
 fufficicnt number to oompole a volume, and took 
 them with him, intending to employ a printer at Bath 
 Vpon them. To this he was partly encouraged by 
 an ohfcrvation his good and affeclionatc lady had 
 made upon him, from the experience of leveral years, 
 that he never feemed to be ib well as when he bad 
 printers about him ; of which flie had even then feen 
 ji ftriking example at Norwich. But, alas, while he 
 was upon the road, he fuffercd a paralytic liroke, and, 
 though very ill, fiuifhed his journey. Mrs. Home 
 after this wrote rae a letter full of hope, that as the 
 ^ifliop cQuld walk to the pump-room daih^, he would 
 ftill reco\'er : in confequence of which, I went with 
 Jomeeourag-e to ; London, intending to go on from 
 thence to Bath; but was informed as foon as I arrived 
 in town, that he was net expecled to continue many 
 days : and the next day brought us the melancholy 
 news of his death. 
 
 My w^orthy friend and pleafant companion, the 
 Reverend Charles Millard his chaplain, \vas with him 
 at Bath, and was witnel^ to many affecting patlages 
 which hap]3cncd toward his latter end. Bad as he 
 was, if Mrs. Hornc entered the room, he Ipoke to 
 her with his ufual chcerfulncfs ; although a ftupor 
 commonly oppre^ed him^ under which his mind 
 
 wandered,
 
 172 THE LIFE OF 
 
 wandered, and his fpeech was confufed : but from 
 what could be undcrftood, his thoughts were always 
 at work upon fome heavenly fubje6t. When it 
 was propofed that the Holy Communion ihould 
 be adminiflered to him by his chaplain, " By all 
 means, faid he, you cannot do a better thing." In 
 this fervicc he joined with great devotion, and 
 when it was ended, " Now," faid he, " I am bIclTcd 
 indeed*.'* 
 
 On the Friday before his death, while his houfe- 
 kecper was in waiting by his bed-tide, he afkcd her, 
 on what day of the week the fcvcnteenth day of the 
 month would fall ? She anfwered, on Tuefdav. 
 Make a note of that, faid he, in a book : which, to 
 fatisfy him, the pretended to do. This proved to be 
 the day on which he died- as quietly as he had lived. 
 From this occurrence, a rumour got abroad, as if he 
 had received fome forc-warning of the time of his 
 death. To this I can Jay nothing ; but I can think, 
 without any danger of being millaken, that if ever 
 there was a man in thefe latter days, that was worthy 
 to receive from above any unufual teftimony due to 
 fuperior piety, he was that man. 
 
 The atiiiction of his family was much relieved at 
 this time by the friendly and charitable vifits of the 
 celebrated Mrs. Hannah More, who was then at 
 Bath, and well knew how much was due to the 
 memory of the departed Bithop. 
 
 * The letter of Mrs. Elizabeth Salmon, defcriblng this fcene, 
 is well worth reading, ai;d will be given in the Appendix. 
 
 One
 
 Dr. Horn E* 173 
 
 One of his Lorddiip's chaplains attended him to 
 his grave, and then returned in forrow to Norwich : 
 liis other chaphiin paid the tribute due to his memory 
 in a plain monumental infcription. Both of them 
 can unite in declaring, as they do with pleafure, that 
 the lofs to the Diocefe of Norwich, and to themfelvcs 
 in particular, hath been repaired far beyond their ex- 
 pectations, in the pcrfon of their prefent Dioccian, 
 the refpeclable and amiable fucceflbr of Dr. Home. 
 May his days be as long and as happy, in his prefent 
 fituation, as thofc of his predccelibr were few and 
 evil ! 
 
 The infcription is upon the tomb where he was 
 buried, in the church-yard at Eltham in Kent, the 
 refidence of his father-in-law Mr. Burton ; and the 
 fame is repeated upon a Tablet of Marble affixed to 
 a pillar on the north fide of the choir of the Cathe- 
 dral Church at Norwich ; of which the following iB 
 a copy : 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of 
 
 The Right Reverend George Home, D. D. 
 
 Many Years Prefident of Magdalen College in Oxford, 
 
 Dean of Canterbury, 
 
 And late Biftiop of this Diocefe : 
 
 In whofe Charafter 
 
 Depth of Learning, Brightncfs of Imagination, 
 
 Sanftity of Manners, and Sweetnefs of Temper 
 
 Were united beyond the ufual Lot of Mortality. 
 
 With his Difcourfes from the Pulpit, his Hearers, 
 
 Whether of the Univerfity, the City, or the Country PariHi, 
 
 Were edified and delighted. 
 
 His Commentary on the Pfalms wiiJ continue to be 
 
 A Com-
 
 174 THt LlFk OP 
 
 A Companion to tlie Clofet, 
 
 Till the Devolion of Earth fhall end in the Hallehjjahs of Heaveii; 
 
 His Soul, having patiently fuffered under fuch Infirmities, 
 
 As feemed not due to his Years, 
 
 Took Its -flight from this Vale of Mifer^', 
 
 To the unfpeakablc Lofs of the Church of England^ 
 
 And his furviving Friends and Admirerr,, 
 
 January 17, 1792, in the 6zd Yoar of his Age. 
 
 Thus have I brought this good man to his enA^ 
 through the labours and ftudies of his life ; in all 
 which, his cxnmplc may be attended with Ibme happy 
 eitcdl on thole who fliall make thcmfelvcs acquainted 
 with his hiftory. In writing it I have not permitted 
 inyfelf to cdnfidef,- what fuppreffions or alterations 
 would have rendered it more agreeable to fome people 
 into whofe hands it may fall. As truth will generally 
 fucceed beft in the end, I have made the ftory fuch 
 as I found it. I have concealed nothing out of fear ; 
 I have added nothing out of malice ; and muft now 
 commit what I have written to that variety of judg-i 
 ment, which all my other writings Live met with, r* 
 
 Some flight reports have been thrown out, which, 
 without fuch an explanation as I have in readinelsj 
 might be underftood to the difadvantage of his me- 
 niory. A iliort life of him was written in the year 
 1793, by the Reverend Mr. Todd, a clergyman of 
 the Church of Canterbury, who has fpdken \Try 
 highly of him, but not above his character in any- 
 one refpe6l. Yet fome writer in a periodical pub- 
 lication could not content himfelf without making 
 invidious comparifons, and inlinuating to the public 
 
 that
 
 Dr. HORN E. tj^ 
 
 tliat Mr. Todd had been guilty o^ cxaggerailon ; but 
 I may appeal to the feelings of the reader, whether it 
 be not a worfe miftuke, in fiich a cafe as the prefent, 
 to depreciate with an ill delign than to exaggerate 
 with a good one ; even fiippoling Mr. Todd to have 
 done fo, which to me doth not appear. I take Mr. 
 Todd to be a man that loves the Bifhop's writings ; 
 and I take his cenfor to be a man that loves them 
 not : and though I have enlarged on many things 
 much farther from my own knowledge, than it was 
 poffible or proper for Mr. Todd to do, I would 
 neverthelefs adviie my readers to confult his account, 
 which I believe to be very accurate in refpedl of its 
 dates, and in the titles, and the particular circum- 
 ilanccs which gave occalion to the feveral pieces, 
 which were written by Dr. Home, at the different 
 ftages of his life. 
 
 It has been hinted to me that Dr. Home had em- 
 braced a tort of philofophy in the early part of his life, 
 which he found reafon to give up toward the latter 
 end of it. Before it can be judged how far this may 
 be true, a neceflary diilin^lion is to be made. I do 
 not rccolledl, that his writings any where difcover a 
 profefled attachment to the Hebrew criticifms of Mr. 
 Hutchinfon ; and I could prove abundantly from his 
 private letters to myfclf that he was no friend to the 
 ufeoffuch evidence either in philofophy or divinity. 
 But that he ever renounced or difDclieved that Philo- 
 fophy, v.'hich aflcrts the true agency of nature, and 
 the refpe6live ufes of the elements , or that he did not 
 o always
 
 i^fi- THE LIFE OF 
 
 always aclinirc, antl ih far as lie thought it prudent 
 inlilt upon it and recommend it, is not true. And 
 I need not Iiere appeal to any of his private letters, 
 bccaufe fonie of his nioft fclious and premeditated 
 fompolitions aflert this in terms fjufficicntly j)]ain and 
 ftroiig. In his Commentary on the laft Pfiilm he 
 ihews us what idea he had formed of the natural 
 Rorld. On the words, Praije him hi the fiiimimejit 
 of his ^foroer^ he has the following comment : " which 
 *' power is more cfpccially difplaycd in the formation 
 ** of the firmament, or expaniion of the materia! 
 *' heavens, and their inceflknt operations by means 
 ' of the light and the air, of which they are compoled, 
 " upon the earth and all things therein. Thcfc are 
 " the appointed wjlnmients of life and motion in the 
 " natural world, and they afford us fome idea of that 
 " po'-jccr of God unto falvation, \yhich is manifelled 
 *' in the Church by the effects produced on the fouls 
 *' of men, through the gracious influences of the 
 ' light divine, and the fpirit of holinefs, conftituting 
 ** the firmament of God's power in the new creation^"* 
 In this paliage it is the author's do(ftrine, that the( 
 firmament iigiiifiesthey///y?tfwr^of the material heaven; 
 and that this fubiiance is compofcd of light and air^ 
 And farther, that thcfc are the appointed infi rumen ts 
 of Ife and motion in the natural world : that they give 
 us an idea of the power of God, who a<5ls in the 
 ceconomy of grace by the drSme light ami fpirit, thcf 
 Son and Holy Gholi, as he atts in nature by the 
 operation of the air and light upon all things ; ami 
 
 that
 
 Dr. HORN E. 177 
 
 that thus the two kingdoms of grace and nature are 
 fimilar in their conllitution, and confirm one another. 
 In this doctrine, the do6lrine of a philofophy which 
 the world does not generally receive, the author of 
 the Commentary perfevered to the lafl day of his life. 
 And why fliould he not, when it is palpably true ? 
 Whoever aflerts the agency of nature, and the offices 
 of the elements as here defcribed, need be afraid of 
 no contradiction : hefiands upon a rock, and has all 
 nature to fupport him ; and the long experience of" 
 mankind, however it may lofe itfclf in the endlefs 
 mazes of chemiftry, and leave what is ufeful, to hunt 
 after what is new, does yet all tend to confirm this 
 univerfal principle, that matter ads upon matter, 
 and that the world and all things therein are moved, 
 fuftained, and animated, by the agency of the heavens 
 tipon the earth. The perfuafion was once almoft 
 univerfal in this countrv, that matter is invefled with 
 attraction, repulfion, and gravitation, as hnmater'ial 
 principles : but this perfuafion hath very much abated 
 of late years ; and it fhould never be forgotten, that 
 Newton himfelf left the quefiion open. It v/as in- 
 deed once thought that the motion of a fecondary 
 planet, or fatellitc, v.-as a cafe which demonftrated 
 the neceffity of attraction : but fince that time, the 
 phenomena of eleCtriclty have taught us, that aether 
 can aCl from an opake body as from a luminous one ; 
 and therefore, that the fame element may move both 
 the primary and fecondary : of which difcovery phi- 
 lofophers had no conception when gravity firft came 
 
 M into
 
 n% THE LIFE OF 
 
 into fufhlon. Our Royal Society have therefore c:?- 
 prcflcd a chrjx)fition to admit fuch a caufe of motioi^, 
 if it can be rcafonably apphed to the cafe. Sir John 
 Pringle recommended it to be examined whether 
 there be not a cerla'm fluid a6ling as the caiije of. 
 gravity, and of the various attraBmis, and of the 
 animal and ijltal tnotions : and it has been argued by 
 other members of the fociety concerning the folar 
 l}'ftem, as if it were ow more apparent than hereto- 
 fore, that aji aether is difperfed through all fpace, 
 which gives to bodies a tendency from its dcnfer to 
 its rarer parts. In this the followers of Ne^vton and 
 Hutch infon are now fo nearly agi'eed, that it is pity 
 fcicnce fhould fuffer by any of their difputes, or that 
 the name of any perfon fhould be held Ir contempt 
 upon that account, particularly of fo excellent a per- 
 fon as Dr. Home. Why this good man fliould be 
 reported to have renour>ced what Newton himfelf, if 
 he had fcen what we have feen, woukl probably have 
 adopted and carried on in his fciperior way, 1 cannot 
 underiland. Therefore I diftinguifh on.ee more, that 
 the philofophy which Dr. Home profefled, did not 
 depend on doubtful interpretations of the fcripture, 
 but was confirmed by reafon and experience, as it 
 was argued in his flate of the cafe between Newton 
 and Hutchinfon ; from which he never departed, 
 and from which no fcnfiblc maa could depart.. Ift 
 philofophy, thus defined and Ihnitedy he and I were 
 always of a mind. Of myfelf I will fay but little; 
 and that little iliould have been omitted, if I had 
 
 BOt.
 
 Dr. H R N E. t;9 
 
 not been forced upon an explanation, which I did 
 not expedl. For the proof of fuch a fyflem of nature 
 as Newton was not ayerfq to, I publifhed a large 
 qiiarto volume, above feyen hvindretl copies of which 
 arc difpcrfed about the world ; and there mufl be 
 learned and ingenious men to whom the thing is not 
 unknown. Ag.ainft fpme particulars there may be 
 weighty objections ^ b^t agai|\ft the. general pJaUj I 
 i^evpf yet faw one, tfx^t >vquld trouble me for five 
 minutes to anfwer it. Yet it does not follow, that 
 people will fee as w^ do. Where things have a new 
 appearance, the world mud have time ; and the 
 author v/ho prcpofes them muft wait with patience, 
 qn4 bejjr with every kind of oppoiltion -and defama- 
 tion ; the latter of which i never to be underftood 
 gs an unpromiling f}'mptom : for it fhews that an 
 adverfary is in diflrefs, when he anfss'ers any thing, 
 in fuch words, as vrill equally anfwer every thing. 
 From the books of Foreigners I learn, that attradlion 
 and repulfion are not in fuch cflimation as they were 
 fifty years ago. And at home, the ingenious Mr. 
 George Adams, who has been a fiiudent and pra6li- 
 tioner in Natural Philofbphy for more than twenty 
 years, has found it ncccdliry to adopt the new agency 
 of nature, and has made his ufe of it through the 
 whole courle of a large work, which may be con- 
 fidered as an Encyclopaedia in Natural Philofophy, 
 taking a larger circuit than has yet been attempted 
 by any writer upon the fcience. Other ingenious 
 men may in time (as I am confident they will) follow 
 
 M 2 \i:%
 
 ISO THE LIFE OF 
 
 his example ; till it fhall be no longer thought art 
 honour to Dr. Home that he renounced \h\s> Philo- 
 ibphy* hut that he did not renounce it. 
 
 If the reader will not be difpleafed with me I will 
 tell him a fccret, which he may ufc as a key to de- 
 ryphcr fbme things not commonly underftood. Be- 
 tween that philolbphy which maintains the agency 
 of the heavens upon the earth, and the religion re- 
 vealed to us in the Bible, there is a relatioti, which 
 renders them hoth more credible. By a perfon with 
 the Chriftian religion in his niind, this philofophy is 
 more cafily received ; and if any one fees that this 
 philofophy is true in nature, he will not long retain 
 his obje6\ions againft Chriftianity : but here is the 
 difficulty ; he will never begin, who refolves never 
 to go on. But of any reafonable perfon, whofe mind 
 is ftlll at liberty, let us afk, why it fhould be thought 
 a thing incredible, that the creation of God fhould 
 Confirm the revelation of God ? By which I would 
 be undei-ftood to mean that the world which we 
 fee fliould be a counterpart to the world of which 
 wc have heard, and in which we beljeve. Many in 
 this age fee the force of that great argument in favour 
 of Chriftianity, which is drawn from the analogy 
 between the kingdom of Nature and the kingdom of 
 Grace, and admire it above all other things. Dr. 
 Home in particular had fuch an opinion of it, and 
 conceived fuch hopes from it, that he ufcd to fay, 
 if Prieftley tliould ever become a believer in the doc- 
 trine of the Trinity, it would be from the Hutchin- 
 
 fonian
 
 Dr. HORNE. ii 
 
 Ionian philofophy. To fuch a declaration as thi^, 
 which the reader may depend upon, I can add nothing- 
 better, or more to the purpole, than a paf^agc, from 
 one of his manufcripts, concerning the religious ufc 
 that may be made of Mr. Hutchinfon's writings ; 
 and I 3m perfuaded he perfevered to the day of his 
 death, in the opinion there deHvered, The paflage 
 is as follows : 
 
 " Cardinal Bellarmine wrote a fmall trcatifc, in- 
 titled, Dg afcenftone mentis in Deum per fcalas rerum 
 creatarurUi which he valued more than any of his 
 works, and read it over continually with great plea- 
 fure, as he fays in the preface to it. A work of that 
 |j:ind may be done in a far better and more complete 
 manner, by the key Mr. Hutchinfon has given, than 
 has ever yet been done, and the natural and fpiritual 
 world made to tally in all particulars. Such a work 
 would be of Handing ufc and fer\ice to the Church, 
 and be a key to Nature and the S S. teaching all men 
 to draw the intended inftru6lion from both. For 
 this purpofe, the S S. fhould be read over, and the 
 texts clafled under their refpe^tive heads; and in 
 reading other books, all juil applications of natural 
 images Ihould be extradted from them, particularly 
 where there are any good divilions of an image into 
 its parts and heads, as much will depend on methotl 
 and regularity. For the blefling of God on fu^h an 
 undertaking, without which all vvill be in vain, the 
 Fountain of all wifdom and Father of lights is humbly 
 and fervently to be implored, to enlighten the under- 
 M 3 frandingj
 
 V8"2 THE LIFE OF 
 
 landing, and puri'fy the heart, that it may be eounted 
 worthy, through the merits of the <lear Redeemer, 
 to underftand the myfteries of the new creation 
 fliadowed by the old, and exjjlained in the S S. of 
 eternal truth, and be enabled to declare it to tli'e 
 people unadulterated with any private imaginations, 
 to the. glory of God, the edification of the church, 
 and his own falvation." 
 
 On the other hand, therfe are in this age philofo- 
 phical opinion?, in which infideHty triumphs : and 
 certain it is they haVe too plain an affinity to the 
 atheiftical do6lrines of Epicurus and Democritus, 
 if they are not the fame thing; And therefore fuch an 
 evil-minded wit as Voltaire catched at them with 
 eagernefs. He forefaw how, with a little of his 
 management, they might be turned againft all religion, 
 and lead to the abolition of all divine worfhip : he 
 therefore drained every nerve to magnify and re- 
 commend them : his induftry in this refpedl was 
 wonderful; and we find, by fatal experience, how far it 
 has anfvvei'ed his purpofe. The Philofophers ofFrande 
 have now fetttcd themfelves upon tHe doud^, from 
 whence they look down with contempt upon every de- 
 gree of Chriftian belief: confidcring even Newton 
 himfelfas an example of the ivealirtefs ofhiman nature 
 for belie\'ing the Scripture ! Where will this end ? 
 
 There is another report again ft the name g^ dxir 
 good Bifhop, ivhich wants explaiiation. The learned 
 adverfary of the amiable Bifhop iHurd, and of the 
 KevcrendMr. Curtis of Binninglrairi, hrid the friend 
 
 of
 
 t)R. HORNE, i3 
 
 'tof Dr. Pricftlcy, a judge ofalimcn and of all things, 
 took occasion, foon after the death of Biflicp Hornc, 
 to give us fiis chara^Sler of him, in a note to a book he 
 W41S then puhhfliing ; in which note many things are 
 iaid wd], and like a fcholar : but there is one thing 
 -^vhich^ though- weil faid, is not juft to the Bifliop's 
 ^fnemory ; who is there reported to Imve d'lffufed a 
 oi(Mring of elegance over the zvild, hit not unlovely^ 
 Kujiom of mlJmfmfm*^ Where could the gentleman 
 
 find 
 
 * Tlie Socmian notion of ent'hufiafm being a cariofity which de- 
 ierves to he known, I (hall give it to the reader in this place. I 
 Slave a book' before me, pubiifhed by a Mr. E ^ n in the year 
 :772 : a masi \vho feems-Ji natuial fool, but has made himfclf much 
 worfe than ne through a conceit of fiipcricr Chriitian wifdom. 
 He dehvers it to us as a doctriue of the ortbadoi, that *' if our 
 belief were not attended with fame dif.ciilt-ies to our rtafon^ there 
 . would be no rrierit in our believing ;" and then adus, " fuch men 
 I {hall not fcruple to call enthufiafts ; and to argue the cafe with 
 them, would be liTce trying taeonviace the :poorftraw-a-owned mo- 
 iarch of Bethlehem ^who ic- aking, hecaufe heiwoew he is a king." 
 This gentleman tells us his mind fairly and plainly, for wliich we 
 are obliged to him : but now let us try by his rule the faith of our 
 Father Abraham. He believed in his old age, tiiat his feed {hould 
 be as the liars of heaven, from a wife thai was barren ; .and this ia 
 "the belief which was accounted to him for righteoufnefs. Here the 
 reafon and expeiicnce of all mankind were contrary : againfl hope 
 he believed in hope : here wore not only dlfficulfle: to reafon, but an 
 adlual impoffibility to reafon. The promife might have been given 
 licfore, while Abraham was young : but it pleafcd "God to defer it 
 till he was old, when reafon could not receive it j and from this 
 circumftance only his faith was meritorious. No, fays the Socinian ; 
 this man, by my rule, was au enthufiajl^ no more to be argued 
 V'ith than the monarch ofledlam, &e. 
 
 M 4 What
 
 i84 THELIFEGF 
 
 find thefe irUdviftotis ? In the ftate of the cafe between 
 Newton and Hutchinfon, the author argues from the 
 words of each, and confirms what he fays by fa6t and 
 reafon. The whole is written with the utmoft cool- 
 nefs of temper, and without once appeaHng to any 
 ambiguous evidence. In his fermons, his fenfe is 
 llrong, his language fwcet and clear, his devotion 
 warm, but never inflated nor afFe(5led : and from the 
 editions through which they pafs, it is plain the world 
 does fee, and will probably fee better every day, that 
 they are not the difcourfes of a varnifher of viiions. 
 In his Commentary on the Pfalms, he has followed 
 the plan of the writers of the New Teftament, and of 
 the Primitive Church, in applying them as prophecies 
 and dehneations of the perfon of Chrift and of the 
 Chriftian ceconomy. If he is judged to have betrayed 
 any enthufiafm in fo doing, it is only becaufe he 
 happened to write in the eighteenth century ; when 
 Chrillian learning, under the notion of improving it, 
 is greatly corrupted ; the Fathers of the Church but 
 little known *, and lefs reliflied ; and the zeal and 
 
 piety 
 
 What the mind of that man can be made of, who receives the Scrip- 
 ture as the word of God, and denies that farth has men't in admitting 
 what is attended with dificulties to reafon, it is as hard for me to un- 
 derftand, as it is for him to receive the Articles of the Church of 
 England ; and yet, if he has fpokcn of himfelf truly, I cannot deny 
 the faft : and as this man is but a pattern of other Socinians, I Ao 
 fuppofe it to be the opinion of them all, that the proper acl of 
 faith in a Chrlftian is an aft of enthufiafm. 
 
 * I was therefore pleafed with a ieafonablc attempt to revive the 
 
 reading
 
 Br. HORNE. 185 
 
 piety of the Reformation very much abated. Erafmus 
 was juft fuch another enthuliaft in his divinity as Dr. 
 Home ; and is frequently found to have diffufed vl 
 like colouring of elegance ov^er like interpretations of 
 the Scripture : in which, however, he is not alvvaya 
 cither fo elegant, or fo fuccefsful, as the late Bifhop 
 his follower : yet for this, in the days of better divi- 
 nity, when faith and piety were more in fafhion, 
 Erafmus was never reputed an enthuliaft. A little 
 W'armth of devotion is very excufable in a Chriflian 
 writer ; and, we apprehend, that a very ftrong con- 
 viction of the wifdom and excellence of Chriltianity 
 is neceiiary to the making of a good divine Op lu 
 
 When 3 man of learning cenfures without jnftlce, 
 he opens a door for the free remarks of others upon 
 himfelf : but I fcarch not into the gentleman's wri- 
 tings, for any examples of foverity, fcurrility, adula- 
 tion, perplexity pf principle, fmoke and fmother, 
 pedantry and bombaft ; let others look for fuch things, 
 who take delight in finding them. For my own 
 part, I would rather wifh that my learned friend, 
 when he is throwing his fine words about, would 
 ponfider a httle beforehand, how unworthy it may 
 
 reading of the Chriftian Fathers, by the Rev. Mr. Kett, in the 
 Notes and Authorities fubjoined to the fecond edition of his very 
 ufeful and learned Bampton Leftures, p. iii. where he recommends 
 to the Ecclefiaftical Student a Seleftion from the writings of the 
 Greek and Latin Fathers. I could add other names and other 
 pieces ; but thofe he has naentioncd are very fufficicnt. 
 
 be
 
 i^ T*rE LllFE OF 
 
 be ibiincT, tb attempt ^o "kfien in tny (^rcfc t!rc gooci 
 '^tWL ol' fell & charatSler as that of !>r. H'ortie iipcm 
 tbeOirifiiao wofM, in its pi-efent -dfeclining CDirditioti 
 anfd claiigcrcHis- fitiiiAtioft : md how much more it 
 XTjosid be for liis h^CHOur to ufe the eloquence he is 
 jRaafter of^ i'at!ier m pminoting than in hindering its 
 iiHi&iCc-e- He khtfws %0o much of the worM to fee 
 J^ioii^et-, that m thfe a^-e^, whe^n fo m^any counterfeits 
 jsare affetroa^,, \\4ieni fotoie ^te ft) ^iW, tmd trthers fo 
 fl'^^ati^,, ii^ woinfid is fo cruel wpcfa a religious 
 Ti^n, as the irhptTtation of a wild cnthufiaflic fancy : 
 ^feat is wantonly impnted by the v'lcmis and the io- 
 mf-mit, to wBxceptionabIe perfbns, only bccaufc they 
 have a little more religion than themfelves^ and if 
 5fedh petfons hav^ ifnade it their buiinefs Sib be deep 
 m fhe Scripture, ^hey -^-il! alvi-'ays be in danger fi-om 
 illdfe who are not in. Heathens accufed the firft 
 Chril^ians of ^theifm and facrilege, becaiife they 
 wouM not worihip idols ; and abufed them as haiets 
 'cflitankind, only bec-aufe they avoided e-v'il conmnmi- 
 ifajjom.y and -refiifed to be conformed to this KvorU, 
 VoIt*rire h^d no name for the Chrifiian faith ^ but 
 "tlial oi fnperflifion or farmticifm. There is a very 
 iifefui and judicious diifeiftion oi etrthif.afm^ by Dr. 
 Home hijnfclf, tlie beft I ever met with, juft pub- 
 Irftied in a 'compilation by a Society for a refor-nuHion 
 'vf principles, which if gentlemen will eondcfcend to 
 examine, they may Idc better able to diftinguifli 
 properly betwixt thofe who ^r^? enthutiails and thofe 
 who are calktJ fo. . 
 
 All
 
 Dr. H O R N E. 187 
 
 All good men are walking by the fame way to 
 the fame end. If there are any individuals, who by 
 the fhining of their light render the path more plain 
 and pleafant, let us agree to make the mofi we can 
 of them, and be folJoivers of them tvho through faith 
 and patience inherit the p-omifes. 
 
 THE END.
 
 APPENDIX;
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 The Icifl Letter of the Reverend Rohert Wdhoiimej 
 Re6tor of Weiidhhury in Oxfordjblre. 
 
 [Referred t9 p 45-} 
 
 Deaf Jgmes, 
 
 Y. 
 
 OU make it a cloubt, vvhcthcr I am ^ 
 letter in your debt, or you in mine. This is a gentle 
 rebuke for my filence ; for To I muft take it, confcioijij 
 as I am of my (mw default ; and yet excufablc, if fre- 
 quent returns of pain and fieknefs may plead in my 
 behalf. In thcfe circumftances I have been as it were 
 cihl'itiis rneorum for fome months, and am therefore 
 the more obliged to you for not applying to me the 
 latter part of the fentcnce. In the month of July, 
 had I not been prevented by a very bad fit of the 
 
 ftone, I was engaged to have been at ^ not 
 
 without fome hopes of feeing you : but it was not to- 
 be fo : they now tell me I muft, and I find it ncecffary 
 to keep as quiet as I can. Arrived as I am at the ag<j 
 of man, I do not prefume upon much time to come,^ 
 My chief concern now is to make fuch an exit as my 
 3 friends
 
 if)4 A P P E N i) I Jt. 
 
 friends would wlfh mc ; which, by the grace of God, 
 and their prayers, and my own, I hope to do. The 
 manufcript you fpcak of, as you feem to fet a value 
 upon it more than it deferves, I thought to have re- ' 
 deemed with a fair copy ; but as I am now not likely 
 to do fb, you may keep or dcdroy it as you pleafe^ 
 The heavy expcnce of your late removal mull I think 
 difable you from proceeding to your degree, fo foon 
 as you intended. If his Grace of Canterbury con- 
 fiders his own bounty as the impediment, he cannot 
 do lefs than grant you a faculty from Lambeth. If I 
 fhould fee our Archdeacon Potte^i as I hope to do in 
 Odlobcr, I fhall give him a broad hint to tJiat pu!r- 
 pofe. Wifhing you health and profperity, with my 
 fceft refpe6ls to Mrs. J. t am, delr fit, 
 
 Moft affectionately yours, 
 
 Wendlebury, Sept. 7, RoBEkT WlLBOURX^E. 
 
 1764. 
 
 This was followed, in the month of December 
 afterwards^ by a letter from Mr. Home, which 
 gives a very affecting account of this good 
 man's death. 
 
 ** Our good old friend, Robertus Wendle- 
 burienfis, took his leave of this world about five weeks 
 ago. His diforder was in the bowels, through which 
 he had no pafiage for ten days. But it was efFccled 
 by putting him into a warm bath, and he was brought 
 back from the gates of death ; at which he expreflcd 
 fome regret, as having hoped that his pains and fbr- 
 
 *' rows
 
 APPENDIX. ^93 
 
 rou^ were at an end. Bat a relapfe foon carried his 
 weather-beaten velfcl to its defired haven of rell and 
 peace. He died in ftrong faith, lively hope, and 
 perfe(5l charity, haying received the Eucharift from 
 the hands of the Mafter of Univerfity College, who 
 adminiftered to him in extremis, and during his 
 whole ficknefs. He defired that a little water might 
 be mixed with the wine in the facramental cup: and 
 this was the only particularity. Large bundles of 
 papers, bound up by himfclf for that purpofe, were 
 burnt, according to his order, A few Sermons were 
 left to his Nephew, who was executor. He bequeathed 
 his gold and filver medals to Mr. Gilpin, and fome 
 copper ones to Chrift-Church. It is obferv^ablc, that 
 he had kept a moft exa6l account of his expences 
 from the time when he was eighteen years of age. 
 
 He once lent loool. to Dr. , which, as he took 
 
 no fccurity for it, he loft by the Do6lor's death, both 
 principal and intereft. He ordered fcarves, rings, hat- 
 bands and gloves, for the proper perfons who attended 
 his funeral. Thus we muft leave the body of our 
 friend in the dufl, and his fpirit in the bofom of faithful 
 Abraham, waiting for the happy day of their re- 
 union and glorification." 
 
 The manner in which Dr. Home treats this me- 
 lancholy fubjedl is fo tender and afFe6ting, 
 that I fhall here add another letter, which he 
 MTotc to another intimate friend, upon a like 
 occafion. 
 
 N To
 
 194 APPENDIX. 
 
 To TV, S. 
 
 12 th Pet. 178O/ 
 
 We are all much afFe6led by the melancholy 
 tidings communicated in your letter. They are in- 
 deed fuch as I have expected to hear many times ; 
 but when they come, it feems as if one had never 
 expe(^ed them in earned. And yet, when the firft 
 feelings are over," we eannot be concerned for the 
 perfon departed^ but for ourfelves or^ly. Her fufFer- 
 higs were long and heavy, and, therefore, we cannot 
 ifn reality be forry to find fhe is relcafcd fi'om them. 
 For many years fhe was in the furnace, and it was 
 more than ufually heated. Melted down at length, 
 and purged from drofs, fhe is formed anew^ a veflel 
 for the heavehly temple, and does not now wifli io 
 have fufFercd Icfs in the day of trial and probation. 
 Let lis eopy her patience and rcfignation, which were 
 truly exemplary, and prepare to follow in God*sgoocf 
 time. Having paid \\k. tribute of grief that is due, 
 let" us- return, with fi*efh vigour, to the duties of life, 
 arid prepare to anfwer thofe calls, which our faith 
 and our country, our church and our king will (hortly, 
 I'think, make Upon us all. 
 
 Another letter to the fame, on amfherfuhje6l. 
 To fV.S. 
 
 2J Jnly, 1788* 
 
 In reading Gibbon, I was rlftoniflied to meet 
 
 tvith fo mrueh grofs and \-ulgar obfccnity, from the 
 
 pj:n of a rcfmcd and elegant hijhrian and fh'ihfoj^her j 
 
 \'^ and
 
 APPENDIX. 195 
 
 and had thoughts of bringing the paflages together, 
 ^nd prcfenting them to the public. I did not much 
 like the dirty work, aind am therefore glad to be 
 prevented by fome one, who has done it with great 
 gravity, in the Gentleman's Magazine for June, 
 under the ftyle of " Seledlion from Mr. Gibbon's 
 learned and enter Unning Notes," &c. ^Who the late 
 prelate was, that ufed to talk hawdry in Greek, I 
 
 know not, but think it mull have been ; for 
 
 they do not always go together. In the xlviith chap- 
 ter (the laft of the fourth volume) Gibbon has difplayed 
 . all his fkill to expofe church-polemics and church- 
 ttjen, on the fubjedl of the incarnation, and the dif- 
 ferent opinions and councils holden concerning it. 
 He has taken great pains to inveftigate and ftate all 
 the niceties and minutiae of the difpute (as indeed 
 he had done before in the cafe of the Logos and the 
 Trinity) and fets off, as if moll fcrioufly interefled 
 in the caufe ; his ftyle more flowing than ufual, and 
 fometimes riling to a degree of fublimity, as if infpired 
 by the fubjc^l. It would be worth your while, when 
 you have two or three hours upon your hands, to 
 read over the two chapters, as they ftand by them- 
 felves, detached from the civil hiftory, and form a 
 fort oi whole on thofe great and much debated points 
 of theology. The ftory of the degenerate Greeks, the 
 foolifh emperors and profligate emprefles, is tedious 
 and tormenting to read ; but the chapters on Arabia, 
 Mahomet, the Saracens, Caliphs, Crufades, Tartars 
 and Turks, are very cyrioua.and informing; though 
 
 N 2 fhocking
 
 1^6 APPENDIX. 
 
 fhockingto the imagination are the repeated carnage 
 of tlie human race, and devaftations of the globe^ 
 fiiTt by one fct of favagcs and then by another. When; 
 to thefe you add the inteftine quarrels and bitter 
 animolities between the Greeks and L-atins, till, at 
 the lalt fiege of Conliantinoplc by the Turks, one 
 of the Greeks in high ftation declared he had rather 
 fee a Tiiik's tiirhan the?e tlian a Cardinal's cap one 
 really (huts the book, almoft ready,- with Charlotte 
 Smith, to writ-c an Ode to Defpair. 
 
 As to Lindfey, as a writer, he is a poor creeping 
 foul, I think I (hall put down fome ll:ricl:ures ; but 
 the worft is, one fliall be involved by degre-es in fo 
 many different controverfies nature and degree of 
 mfplratmij do^irine o^ fatisfa6iioTi, our own eftahlljh- 
 mentf Juhfcnption to ai'ticles, &c, liturgy , epifcopacy^ 
 &c. for they arc all lugged in ^and now, betides the 
 cafe of the demoniacs^ the exiftencc of any devil or 
 Satan at all, which Lindfey denies plump. Another 
 difficulty is that of obviating the fayings and ex- 
 amples of many latitudinarian proteftants (thro^vn in- 
 cur teeth) men otherwife of great note, ami univerfally 
 almoft eftccnied fome of our own church, that were 
 r are Bifliops, who have wiOicd for a change of 
 forms, &c. But however, the lK>ld ftrokes of Prieflr 
 ley, Lindfey, &c. will let them fee every day, more 
 and more, the danger of innovation, and cure them, 
 perhaps, of their difordor. 
 
 Copy
 
 APPENDIX. 97 
 
 Copy of Mrs, Salmons Leiier to her Sifter, on the 
 Death of Bifbop Home. 
 
 [Referred to p. 17 2. J 
 My dear Sifta-, 
 
 This morning, at 20 minutes paft two o'clock^ 
 our dear Loi'd departed this life. He died, as he 
 iiyed, a faint indeed. He had not been able for 
 fome days to exprefs himfelf elearly ; but yeflerday, 
 when Mr. Sclby read prayers, he joined with him, 
 and repeated the Lord's prayer with as much com- 
 pofure as ever he did in his life. After that he re- 
 .ceiv'cd the facrament with my miftrefs and the ladies, 
 Mr. Millard, Mr. Selby, Gilbert, and myfelf. And, 
 when that was over, he tjiid, " Now lam blefled in- 
 deed."- All was peace and joy and comfort within. 
 He blefled us all fevcrally, and thanked us for all 
 we had done. Had you fcen him bolftered up, 
 blefiing his children, and fpcaking comfort to his 
 wife, in the hope and trufl of their meeting again, 
 you would never have forgot it. I am fure I never 
 fhall ; nor do I wifli it. We have reafon to think 
 that he did not fuffer at lail, as he went off without 
 a groan, and has ftill a fmile upon his face, as if he 
 was alive. He is to be buried at Eltham. I can 
 write no more, though I have more to fay. Your 
 good Mafter may like to hear how he departed. I 
 hope you will read this tp him, though it is fcarcely 
 to be underftood. I cannot fay more. 
 
 Yours alfedtionately, 
 
 E. Salmon, 
 N3
 
 198 APPENDIX. 
 
 CAUTIONS 
 
 TO THE 
 
 READERS of Mr. LJf^. 
 
 [Referred to p. 73 and 160.3 
 
 First. Either J. Behmen*s fcbemc is 
 new revelation, or an explanation of the old. If the 
 latter, why is it wrapt up in fuch myfi'ic jargon, never 
 heard of in the Chriftian church before, and not given 
 us in Scripture language, which is the only explainer 
 of itfclf ? If the fonnr, it is an imfo^ure and dehfion ; 
 for extraordinary mfj)irat'ions are not to be credited, 
 unlefs vouched by miracles, which God ahccays fent 
 to atteft his extraordinary commtjfions: and if they 
 are pretended to come from him, and do not, then it 
 is a demonftration that they come from the devil, 
 transformed into an angel of light. To equal the 
 imaginations of men to the holy Scriptures of God, and 
 think them as much the ivfpiration of God, as what 
 was dictated as fuch to the holy Prophets and Apofiles, 
 is ftri(5tly and properly enthusiasm. This Mr. 
 Law has done ; for he fays, he looks upon the writings 
 of J. Behmen to be no more human than St. John's 
 Revelation. 
 
 II. Mr. Law by creation will have nothing farther 
 meant than the formation of the world out of pre- 
 exijient matter, contiaiy to the fenfe always put upon 
 it by the Chriflian church. The formation is de- 
 
 fcribed
 
 APPENDIX. 1^9 
 
 fcribed ftep hy ftcp ; but ihcyfreafion in Gen. i. vcrfe 
 I . miifl relate to the prochi^ion of, or givirig being to, 
 the matter, in its dark and inform ftate. The con- 
 fcquence of Mr. Law's opinion mud be, either that 
 matter, though diftincii from, is co-eternal with, God, 
 which cannot be ; or elfe, that it is an emanation, 
 generated from his Juhftance or effence, which is the 
 abomination of Platoni/m brought into Chriftianity. 
 The confounding Go^l and created vatme together 
 is the elTence of Paganifm, and the foundation of all 
 the errors in the Heathen and Chrijiian world. The 
 Scriptijres arc confiantly guarding againft it, and dif- 
 tinguifhing Jehovah from what is only the work of 
 his hands. Eternal nature is a hlafphemous contradiclion ; 
 for God only is eternal ; he only has being i?i hinifelf, 
 ?L\\<\ gives it to every thing elfe. Nature maybe a 
 vianifejlation, or reprefentation of God, as a picture is 
 of a i?ian ; but has no more connexion with h\s,fub^ 
 Jiance or ejfencet than that hath with its original, or 
 the painter that drew it. 
 
 III. Mr. Law denies the wrath of God againft fin. 
 Now, that ivrath in God is the fame weak and infirm 
 paffton that is in mart, no body will fuppofe. But 
 that it produces effeffs, which the image of wrath ex- 
 ecuted by man is taken to give us an idea of, is a tnith 
 the Scriptures are full of from Genefis to Revelation. 
 And it is defcribed under all the i??mcres that are dread- 
 
 o 
 
 ful in nature; chiefly by that molt dreadful of all, 
 fire. Our God is a confuming fire. No one will fup- 
 pofe from this text, that God is really material fire ; 
 
 N4 but
 
 2op APPENDIX. 
 
 but that his jii^ice, "jengeance, iirath, or whatever you 
 pleafe to call it, will have an effei upon finners, that 
 is piurcd by the ^ffeiis oijirc upon natural bodies. 
 
 Nor can all the wit and invention of man o-et rid 
 of thofe innumerable Scriptures that fpeak of the 
 wrath of God to be executed upon a Jinful worldy 
 under the lively figure and reprefeiitation of it^ fire ; 
 i^s any one may fee, that will turn to the Concordance. 
 Sure I am, that if thefe can be conflrued to mean, a 
 dark^ fiery, whirling anguiJJj rifing vp and opening its 
 birth in the inward depth and ground of the foid, there 
 can be no certainty in words. The lake of fire or 
 hell is not within but without the fi?mer ; for he is to 
 be cafi into it. That inward remorfe, anguifh and 
 defpair make a part there is no quell ion ; but they 
 ^re not the whole. 
 
 IV. But there is a confequence that follows this notion 
 of no wrath of God againfifin, and ftrongly infilted 
 upon by Mr. Law, which fhakes the foundation of 
 Chriftianity, viz. that Chrift did not die to propitiate 
 or appeafe that wrath : that he did not die as afacri- 
 .fice in 02ir fiead. This demolifhes the do6lrine of a 
 vicarious fatisfa3ion for fin, made outwardly upon the 
 crofs, by the blood of him, who being God could give 
 it infinite merit, to fatisfy infinite jufiice ; and being 
 man could make the fatisfaciion in the fame nature 
 in which the^w that required it was committed. 
 
 Mr. I^w fays, God is love. Tnie. But is he not 
 
 jufiice and tridh as well as lo%>ef Had not Truth 
 
 faid. The foul that finneth, itfijall die? And did not 
 
 2 Jufiice
 
 APPENDIX. 20I 
 
 Jvjilce require the execution of that fentence f God is 
 not only Jnjf, hutju^iceitfcK; and jit^ice cannot remit 
 the kq/l farthhig ; elfe it were not juji'ice. God's 
 attributes mult uoi Jight ivith or conquer and fuhdue 
 pne another. On the contrary, they magnify and exalt 
 one another. Thus his jujiice is magnified, in that 
 it exadts full aixl adequate Jat'isfaLlwn ; his wifdom is 
 ynagnified, in Jiuditig out fuch 7tieans to make it ; his 
 viercy and lovt, in a jf or ding thofe meam and fidjiUhig 
 all \\\^ fromifts in him, in whom mercy and truth thus 
 met together, right eoufncjs ^nd peace kijjtd ,ach other. 
 The mvcard application of Xhisfatisfaii'ion made out- 
 wardly by the blood of Chrid, flied upon the crofs, 
 to the heart of every believer, by the hand o( faith 
 for \\.% jufiification, with Xhcfatidijication that accom- 
 panies it, by the tvater flowing with the Hood, to a 
 new birth and lifeoirighteoufnefs from iho. death o(fm, 
 is doubticfs the great end and ititent of Chrifl'ianity \ 
 fis much as taking a medichie is the ^w// and iw/^w/ of 
 its being given. But the Gofpel preached and r^^//, 
 ;ind \\\Q facraments adminijiered in the Church, are the 
 hiftruments appointed to work all this, by the power of 
 ihcfpirit that goes with them as charmeh into the /'^//r^ 
 of ever}' believer. But if, before he has received the 
 ^;v7-^ of Chrift by thefe which are the only appointed 
 means of receiving it; or \(, inftead of going on with 
 humility and diligence in fearching the Scriptures of 
 Qod, a perfon is to fhut himfelf up and fearch the 
 inward depth and ground of his heart, ^\ hat will he 
 fiXifX there but the devil, ready to take advantage of 
 
 his
 
 202 APPENDIX, 
 
 his having left his only grade, and transforming h'tmJeJf 
 mfo an angel of light, under the difguilc of gi exit flights 
 of devotion and illuj/miatlon, to inftil his diabolical 
 fiiggcflions, and lead the delvded foul, hl'mdfold, and 
 thinking berfelf fafc in the hands of (lie jpirit of God, 
 to deny and write againft Xhcfatisfa^ion and atonement 
 made for her fins by the blood of her Redeemer f For 
 by thefe verv means liave we leen one of the brightefl 
 liars in the firmament of the Chureh (Oh ! lamentable 
 and heart-breaking light !) fnlHng from the hea-ven of 
 Chrijiianity into the link and comphcation of Pagan- 
 ifm, Qiiakerifm, and Socinianifm, mixed up with chy^ 
 mijiry and ajifoiogy, by a pofj'eft cobler : and alas, when 
 a man conies Xo fur fake the Bible, and write againfl 
 its doctrines, what matters it whether it is done by 
 the light of nature, the light vcithin, or the infpoken 
 word ? BeUe-ve no^t, therefore, goo<:l people, every 
 fprit, whil]jering to your ibii] in a lit of quietifm, 
 hut try the fpirits, by the Bible, zi'hether they are of 
 God, Keep to that, and let your faith, hope, love 
 and devotion rife as high as they will. The higher the 
 hetter. 
 
 V. As to the angelical world, glajjy fea, &c. it is 
 a mere romance without the Icaft countenance from 
 holy Scripture ; nor docs he, I think, produce above 
 a text or two, by way of proof. The holy Scriptures 
 tcl} us, the world "was gooc^ at the fini^iing of it, but 
 by the devil came Jm, the parent of all evil, natural 
 and fpiritual that Chrift came to redeem ws from it 
 /^Ij- \o fatisfy for our ^^.'W, to raife our ibuls to r/-/'/f- 
 
 oufnefy
 
 APPENDIX. 703 
 
 4)uftiefs, by his fpirit here, and to glorify us, body and 
 fouly hereafter. This fcheme is complete, without 
 fearching after the ftate of the chaos, before it was 
 in being, or fancying this world to be the ruins of the 
 migelicaJ, as William Whifion did it was the tail of 
 a Comet. The fame is to be faid of the notion of 
 Adam cafed up in fpiriiual materialities, one over 
 another, like the coats of an onion. How many of 
 thefe he had, Mr. Law does not fccm fiire, giving 
 different accounts in different books. Inftead of 
 inventing hypothefes concerning the nature o( pmadife^ 
 let us fi:udy the way that led ih^ penitent thief mio it, 
 repentance and faith iq a Saviour on the crofs, King 
 of Kings, and Lord of Lords. 
 
 VL Mr. Law is very lax and laiitiidinarian with 
 regard to the government and difcipTme of the Church, 
 which though (as he fays) it will notj^uf a man, yet, 
 is abfolutely necejfary, to preferve thofe do^rines, that 
 w/7/. A hedge round a vineyard is, in ttfelf a poor 
 paltry thing ; but hreak it down, and all they that go 
 by, will pluck off her grapes. And no fin has been 
 punifhed with heavier punilliments, for that reafon, 
 than throwing down fences and making it indifferent, 
 whether a Chriftian be of any church or none, fo he 
 be but a Chriftian, an4 have the birth of the infpoken 
 word, which is a Pope in every man's heart. But 
 if Chrifi left a Church upon earth, and ordered fub- 
 miffion to the appointed governors of it, fo far as a 
 man rejtjts or undervalues this ordinance of Chrifi^ fo 
 far he a(5ls not like a Chriftian, let his inzvard light 
 
 be
 
 24 APPENDIX. 
 
 be what it will. In the fame manner, I think, he is 
 injudicious in condemning all hmuan wr;*^'ngs, com- 
 mentators, &c. becaufe people arc divided through 
 the multiplicity of them. All human learning, that 
 tends not to the knowledge of God, dcferves the 
 cenfure he beftows in a very maiterly manner. But 
 how are we to undcrftand the holy Scriptures, and 
 be able to teach and explain them to others, without 
 a knowledge of the languages in which they arc 
 written ? And towards this, the labours of tlx^ faithful 
 fcrvants of God, who have gone before us, catmot 
 but be of great fcrvicc. And therefore, I fee not 
 why time is not as well fpcnt, in the writings of 
 the noble army o{fuints, and marlyrs, and confejfors, as 
 in thofeof J. Behmen, and much better than in fearch- 
 ing tor truth in the inirard depth and growui of the 
 heart, which is indeed, we fee, deceitful above a^l 
 things. IVbo can kni/iv it f 
 
 Cop
 
 APPENDIX. 20J 
 
 Copy of a Letter to a Lacfy on the fuhje3 of Jacob 
 Behjnens JVritings. 
 
 [Sec p. 74.3 
 
 Madam, April Sth, 1758. 
 
 Though your letter djd not give me all 
 the fatisfaclion I had hoped for, yet I find in it fcvcral 
 hints, for which you arc much to be honoured ; and 
 (to fay the truth) I never met with a perfon, who, 
 after diving into thofe matters with which you are 
 at prefcnt engaged, did yet policfs fuch a fpirit c^ 
 humility, and remain fo open to conviction. Being 
 therefore perfuaded you have no difpolition to rejedl 
 the truth, provided I can make it appear to you, and 
 I have no temptation (God is my witnefs) to offer 
 you any thing, clfc inftead of it, I have refblved to 
 addrefs myfclf more cjofely to the fubje6l in queftion; 
 for till we dcfeend to particulars, but little good 
 can be cxpedled from general objections, eafily ob- 
 viated by as general anfvvers ; and perhaps after all, 
 the real merits of the caufe have not been brought 
 into confideration. 
 
 , I am ready to join ilTue with you, that if J. Behmen 
 .was not infpired, he muft cither have been a hypocr'itr 
 or a madman ; and that his writings are utterly to 
 be rejeded by every fober Chriftian. You have fhewn 
 your judgment, Madam, in thus bringing the whole 
 matter to a tingle point : for now there is only one 
 <|ueftipn to be fettled ; and as you fulpect me of 
 Itaking up with fulfe reports of your author, I fhall
 
 $66 A P P N D t X. 
 
 not be content with any report at all ; but fei down 
 bis own words or refer to their place where I have 
 occafion to fpeak of his do(5lrines. 
 
 You argue for the probability of his infpiration 
 from thofe words of St. Peter, A&s ii. 17. which, 
 if you examine the place, will appear to have been 
 applied^ not to any future infpirations at fomediftance 
 of time, near to the diflblution of the world; but 
 to the prefent event then brought to pafs : " These, 
 fays he, are not drunken, asyefuppofe; but t"his is 
 t/jaS ivh'ich ivas fpoken by the prophet Joel ; it Jhall come 
 to pafs in the laji days^ &c." where it is plain St. Peter 
 applies thefe words of the Prophet to the miraculous 
 gifts of the fpirit at the time then prefent. He does 
 not indeed confine the gifts ofthe fpirit to that time 
 and feafon only ; yet his words give us no ground to 
 expedt any extraordinary effufions towards the corr- 
 clufion of the world. How this affair is, and what 
 we are really to look for, muil be learnt from fome 
 other paflages. 
 
 The error,I prefume, arifes from amifunderllanding 
 of that phrafe, the lajl days, which are taken for theje 
 days and this age, when things are drawing apace td 
 their latter end. But, Madam, the Scripture has 
 divided the ages of the world into three grand periods ; 
 the firil of which is called the Beghmlng, whofe date 
 begins at the creation, and takes in all the generations 
 till the eftablifhmcnt of the law of Mofes: as where 
 Chrift fays, " From the heginiiir.g it was not {o.'"' 
 Matt. xix. 3. Mark, x. 6. The fecond is cdled the 
 
 Old
 
 APPENDIX. 207 
 
 Old T'mie, Of the Time of the Laiv, when the people 
 of God were under the elements of the world, and 
 the oldnejs of the letter. The third and laft period is 
 the time of the Mejftah, whtn the law was fulfilled, 
 and all ihings became new ; and this period from its^ 
 firft commencement to its eonelnlion is meant by the 
 hitter days, the laji time, &c. 
 
 After this rule the bleflcd Apoftle thus exprcfleth 
 himfelf, Heb. ix. 26. But now once In the end of ths 
 ivorld hath He (Chrili) appeared to put aivayjin hy ihi 
 facr'ijice of himfelf . If vvc fliould here attend only to 
 the found of an expreflion, without comparing the 
 Scripture with itfelf to attain its fenfe, we might as 
 well expe6l that Chrifl fhould appear again in thef^- 
 days to put away fin, as to expert another miraculous' 
 effufion of the fj)irit from thofc words alleged by St. 
 Peter, wherein the. laji days are fpoken of: for, as it 
 is here f-iid, " In the end of the world he hath ap- 
 peared," fo is it in the other place He hath ihed 
 fbi-th this which ye lee and hear. x\nd this abundantly 
 confirms what I have advanced, that the words in' 
 quef^ion belonged to an event not 7wiz' to be expe6iedj 
 but theri accotnplifhed. 
 
 If we are dcfirous to knov>', in what pofture the 
 Chrillian Church fhould be toward the end of the 
 world (in the fenfe in which we commonly undcr- 
 fiand that phrafe) that is, ' toward the fecond advent 
 oi Chrifl, we fhall difcover a face of things very differ- 
 ent from what thofe words of the prophet Joelh^iVQ 
 defcribed to us : ' for thefc days, Madam, are not to 
 
 be
 
 dog APPENDIX. 
 
 be diflinguifhed by the wifdom or hoHnefs of thofc 
 who Hve in them, but, on the contrary, by their abomi- 
 nable ignorance and vvick^dnefs. The hght of Goi> 
 is to be almoll extinguifhed and his lamp going out 
 in the Temple at that midnight wherein the bride- 
 groom cometh ; and falfe delulive lights are to rife 
 up inilead of it. Why elfc is it faid, 2 ThelT. ii. 3. 
 That day Jball not come, except there come a falling 
 2i\\ixy Jirji F And again, that when the Son of Man 
 cometh, he Jhould not find faith on earth ; for that 
 falfe Chrifls 'dwd. falfe p'ophets, called in another place 
 (i Tim. iv. I .) feducingfpir'tts, [peaking lies in hypocrify, 
 fliould arifc with fuch fecming pretcnlions as fhould 
 be fufiicicnt almoft to deceive the very eleB : and that 
 thefe deceivers fhould multiply fo abundantly, that, 
 for the fakeof fome few, God in mercy would cut 
 fhort the days, left a total corruption fhould take 
 place ? 
 
 Our bleffcd Saviour is particularly earned with us 
 on this fubje^l, bidding us beware, for that he has 
 told us before, that fome fhould be enticing us into 
 the fields and deferts, others into the fecret chambers, 
 &c. fo that ignorance cannot be our excufe if we are 
 led away with the error of the wicked, and fall from 
 our own fteadfaftnefs. 
 
 So little encouragement is there to expe(9: new 
 lights and revelations in thefe times, that, on the con- 
 trary, if any man now pretends to he fome great oj^h^ 
 fent from God to enlighten the world, we are to l^uC- 
 pc6t him for one of thefe Impofiors : and as J. Bch- 
 
 men
 
 APPENDIX. 209 
 
 iticn has afliimcd fuch a characSlcr, the probability 
 lies ftmngly agaiiift him, even before we examine his 
 credentials. 
 
 There is another thing you will readily grant : 
 that, luppofmg any fuch deceiver Ihould arife, with 
 his books written at the inftigation of Satan ; I fay 
 fuppoftng fuch a, thing, there would be all the reafon 
 in the world to expecl a confiderable mixture of 
 fandity, temperance, humility, abfiradlion from the 
 >vorld, and other the like virtues : his writings would 
 elfe Itand no chance to deceive the ele3 ; who arc not 
 to be enfnared by open vice and bare-faced immo- 
 rality, but only with high pretences to tlic contrary. 
 Hence it is, that the minifters of Satan never appear 
 with their proper colours, but tramformed as the 
 min'tjiers 0/ righteousxess (2 Cor. xi. 15.) even 
 as their matter himfelf was into an angel of light -, 
 and in this fhape, as a great and good man has ob- 
 ferved, the Devil is moji a Devil^ hecaufe he can moji 
 deceive. The fa6l has always been as I am repre- 
 fenting it ; for if any Heretic ftarted up in the Pri- 
 rnitive Church, it was ever with fomc pretences to 
 fuperior holinefs, mortification, git'tednefs, fpiritr- 
 ality, &c. that his perfonal chara6lcr might raife -the 
 admiration of unwary men, and fo make way for the 
 mofl pernicious and diabolical errors in points of faith. 
 The Scriptures give us ibme inftances, fuch as ah- 
 Jlaining from meats, and. forbidding to many; to which 
 others might be added from eccleliaftical hiftory. 
 The impollor is never content either with the ordinary 
 ^ O knotvledgCy
 
 210 APPENDIX. 
 
 JincTivJedge, or the ordinary fruits of the Grofpef t 
 but would flir exceed them, and outftrip the prac- 
 tical attainments of all other Chriftians; the beft 
 of whom he will condemn, as Sodomites, fatted Sivhie, 
 Shepherds of Bahel, Mouth Apes, which, with innu- 
 merable others of the fame caft, are the lamb-like 
 phrafes of Jacob Behmen. So that if you fhould find 
 a contempt for the vanity of the world, humility, 
 charity, and other great and fhining virtues flrongly 
 recommended, this is by no means to be allowed as 
 a tell either of the divinity of his commiffion, or the 
 tmth of his preaching. For thefe are the feigned 
 words (2 Pet. ii. 3.) with which he makes mer- 
 chandize of unliable fouls, turning their ears from 
 the truth, that they may be turned unto fables : 
 and if many were led away with fuch devices, even 
 in thofc early days, when the love of Chriftians did 
 even aflonifh infidels, when a fpirit of martyrdom 
 flourifhcd, and the preaching of the apoftles yet found* 
 ed in the Church ; what wonder is it, if many fhould 
 be enfnared by them in thefe dregs of time, when the 
 love of many is waxed cold, and the truth of God is 
 in general evil fpoken o/" throughout the world ? 
 
 Thefe reflexions I have fet down as preliminaries : 
 they are intended as a fprinkling of water to lay any 
 little duft that may have been raifed for the deceiving 
 your eye-fight ; and they are offered to a perfon vvhofe 
 good fcnfc and difcernment will immediately fee, 
 and I have rcafon to think as readily acknowledge, the 
 truth of them. 
 
 The
 
 APPENDIX. 2ir 
 
 The probability then, it feems, as to the affair of 
 infpiration, is againft the writings of J. B. Such 
 things are not nozv to be expelled, but the contrary. 
 How the fa6l is in itfelf, we are in the next place to 
 confider ; and there is but one method of doing it to 
 any purpofe, which is this : There is a word of re- 
 velation before us, and we all agree that it was given 
 hy infpiration of God. Whatever therefore is falfe, this 
 mud be true ; fo true, that it is the tell and llandard 
 of all truth upon earth. Every thing that oppofes 
 this word of truth muft be a /ie; and he that delivers 
 is a liar. If he pretend to have received it of God, 
 is fo nnuch the worfe; for then it is not only a 
 lie but a hlafphemy, and he himfelf is a blafphemer, 
 becaufe he makes the fpirit of truth the author of 
 his lies. What J. B. has written muft be judged of by 
 this rule, and received or rejexSted as it fhali be found 
 to agree with it. 
 
 And firft let us take a view of his ftyle and method 
 in general, which is not at all like that of the Scripture, 
 but the reverfe of it ; for the Scripture is clear and 
 uniform in its language, as coming all of it from the 
 fame author, and addreffing itfelf to the capacity of 
 all mankind. Even where it is moft obfcure, as in 
 the vifions of Ezekiel, and the Revelation of St. John, 
 it borrows ideas from the things that are before us, 
 and takes the vifible obje^ls of the natural creation 
 to exprefs and delineate what is unknown or invilible: 
 that if you have obtained its meaning in one cafe, 
 you will be able to unriddle it in every other cafe of 
 
 O 2 the
 
 2ia APPENDIX. 
 
 the fame fort : whence arifes the great ufcfubiefs and 
 neceility o{ crmipar'mg fp'ir'itiial ihings ivith fpiritual, 
 that is, the Bible with itfelf, in order to comprehend 
 them. But how different from all this is the ftylc of 
 J. B. ! His ideas are rarely taken from natm*e, but 
 in general from the dark fcicnee of Alchemy, in 
 which he had dabbled till his brain was turned : hence 
 it is that we find fo much about ether, fptrit, matrix, 
 genitr IX, ejfence, quint ejfence, ejfence of ejfcnces, t'mclures, 
 extra^s, harJ]mefs,JourneJs, hltternefs, attraiioii, jire- 
 hreaths, Jugar 'of- hell., fait, fulphur, mercury, and 
 pthers of the like fort, fo abhorrent from the Scrip- 
 ture, that the very found of them is fufficicnt to 
 frighten ai^iy man but a blackfmith out of his fenfes. 
 If I guefs right, Paracelfus was the father of this jar- 
 gon : he held it no crime to deal with the devil for 
 the ad'v^ncement of medicine and chymiftr}-;. and the 
 chymical writers of fucceeding times, after his ex- 
 ample, have intermixed with their writings fomeof the 
 bighcfl myfteries of the Chriflian faith, veiled under 
 the occult terms of their own wonderful fcicnee, to be 
 underftood only by adepts (fuch as Jacob calls the 
 children of the lily) who, they pretended, were to be 
 holy and pure from all fpot of iniquity : fo that your 
 author, Madam, with all his myfteries is very far 
 from being an original ; and in his Hyle and method 
 is fo oppolite to facred Scripture, that his language 
 mull: not be imputed to the fame author by any per- 
 fon who has rightly confidered hoth. But you tell 
 me, " The wonls are his own, he-.fays : the ferfe only 
 
 was
 
 APPENDIX. 213 
 
 "was infpiredy And if he fays this, he is not to be 
 believed any way : for, in tlie firft place, his infpired 
 writings will tlien be like no other ; the prophets and 
 apoftles having spoken (not thought only) as the 
 Jpr'it gave them utterance : and the whole facred 
 Scripture is not called the fenfe but the word of 
 God ; becaufe Chrilt and the Holy Ghoii /pake it 
 by the prophets, whofe ufual introduction is. Thus 
 SAiTH the Lord. Hence it is that the prophet Z)/:zx7V/, 
 fpcaking of his own infpiralion, favs, 1 Sam. xxiii. 2. 
 " His word ivas in my tougue;" and ag-ain, in the xlvth 
 Pfalm, " My tongue is the pen of a ready ivritery 
 Whence it is manifefl, that the infpiration from the 
 fpirit of God did, in fa<^, always extend to the tongue , 
 and the exprejfions whether Jpoken or ivritten : and 
 there are weighty reatbns why it cannot be otherwife; 
 but I bav^e no room for them. 
 
 Secondly. If Jacob fays this, he forgets himfclf, 
 and is in two ftories ; for, in his fecond book, con- 
 cerning the three principles^ chap. xxv. 51, be fays, 
 " We fj)cak not our ozvn ivords, but we /peak in our 
 knowledge and driving in the fpirit that which is 
 llicvvn us of God." Again, chap. xxv. 100, he tells 
 us of '* the fpirit that driveth his peyi-^ and his peii 
 could not be driven to thought^ but only to utterance 
 or exprejjion. So that if what you have obfcrved be 
 true, that the ivords are his oivn, he fays, then he 
 has con tradi (fled himfclf in terms, and that with re- 
 gard to the firft and great point of which he ought 
 to latisfy us, viz. the reality of his iufpiration, v.hich 
 
 O 3 can
 
 214 APPENDIX. 
 
 can receive but little honour from fuch inconfillencics. 
 But the worfi; is, that he hath not only contracli6lcd 
 himfclf but the Scriptures ; and that in many more 
 inftances than I can enumerate within the compals 
 of a letter. You fay, Madam, he has not axldcd to 
 the bock, but only explained it ; whereas it appears 
 to me (from fome things which perhaps have not 
 yet fallen in your way) that he contradicts it, and has 
 added many things to it ; for he has fet up do6lrines 
 expreflly condemned by it, and has denied feveral 
 of its moil pofitive aflertions. 
 
 In the piece aJDove mentioned, which is the fum 
 of all his dotftrines, he preaches up " the regiment 
 (rule or dominion) of the^^^rj arid elements that dr'iveth 
 the hody and foul of man, chap, xviii. 25. Eat to 
 make the foul of man fubje6t to be driven by the in- 
 fluence oftheilars, is no other than Idolatiy and 
 Paganifm : it was this notion that introduced the 
 vain fcience of afirology, and led the Heathen to 
 worfhip the ftars, as gods endued with the po\\'er of 
 over-ruling the affairs of this lower world. But God 
 warned his people againfl this docirine ; Jer. x. 2. 
 Learn not the way of the Heathen, and he not dfmayed 
 at the figns of heaven : the fame is repeated more 
 than once in the law of Mofcs. And the contrary is 
 again repeated by Jacob, chap. xx. 87. "0 Cain, 
 thy potent kingdom cometh not from God, but halh 
 its influence from theflarry heaven :\ and again, ilnd. 
 *' The mle and government of this world, all ac- 
 cording^ to the hiflacnce of theflar^^ not ordained of the 
 
 Deityr
 
 APPENDIX. 215 
 
 Deity y Which is doubly falfe : (or iho. government 
 eilabhflied in the world is not from ihcj^ars, as he 
 affirms ; but t^e powers that be, whether good or 
 bad (for this was fpoken of Nero J are ordained of God. 
 As for his explaining the book, let us take the fol- 
 lowing inftance ; whence it will follow, that if he 
 was infpired, St. John, who wrote the Revelation, 
 certainly was n-ot. The, /even golden candhjtichs^ as 
 Chriji expounded their meaning in vifion to Saint 
 John, did lignify \}cie.fei>en clmrches of Alia ; and the 
 fevenjlars^ the ungels (that is, the bifliops or chief 
 rulers) of thofc churches. But Jacob, taking the 
 matter into his hands, expounds them afrefli, and 
 fays, chap. xx. 42, " ThQ feve?i golden candlvjlichs 
 are his hmnanity, Xhcfeven Jlars are his d^ity :" which 
 two expofitions, as they can no way be reconciled 
 with each other, we need on!y compare, to detc6l 
 the ignorance and impudence of this Impoftor. From 
 another paflage wjc fhall have the fame conclufion, 
 either againft him, or againtt Mofes and St. Paid. 
 Chap. xi. 40, he fays, " Adam looked upon the tree 
 of knowledg-e, became infc(?ted bv hid and ivas 
 undone: and then, faid the heart of God, // is n^t good 
 for him to he alone T This throws the temptation of 
 Adam quite into another order, and makes it arife 
 from other caufes than what God bath revealed to 
 lis; for Adam gives this as the reaibn of hi-j fall 
 The woman whom thou gaveft to he -zvith me^ fhe ga-V 
 me of the tree, and I did eat. Gen. iii. 12. ^To which 
 . St. Paul feferririg afliires n- (i Tim. ii, ^4.) that 
 
 O 4 Adam
 
 2x6 APPENDIX. 
 
 Adam was not deceived, but that tie iionuw, heing de- 
 ceived, ivas in the tranfgrejjion. This makes the 
 woman to have hctr\ f}-Jt in the order of the tranf- 
 greffion, and alfo the immediate caiilc of Adams 
 falHng after her example. But here Jacob puts in 
 his negative. Adam, according to him, ivas decerned : 
 and the zvoma?i wasfo far from being firft in the order 
 of the tranfgreffion, that the angcHc man fell and 
 was undone, before the woman was taken out of him : 
 fo that unlcfs Adam was deceived and fjot deceived^ 
 and unlefs he was both fii-ft and lad in the order of 
 the trantgreflion, then it muft be allowed that Jacob 
 Behmcn was not infpired, or that Mofes and St. Paid 
 were not ; for their do6lrines cannot ftand together : 
 and here we are to remember, as it was obferved 
 above, that if this man was not infpired, and yet 
 affirms that he is, while he is fo often giving the lie 
 to the fpirit of God, he is not only a liar of the worft 
 fort but a hJafphemer. 
 
 You tell me. Madam, he has given no ne%v revela- 
 tion. So .he fays, indeed, that he zvrites no nav thing: 
 but what is that account of a limbus, or matrix of pre- 
 cxifting matter, out of which the world wd?> generated, 
 horn, and at length created? Chap. iv. What is that 
 heavenly flejh, that quint ejfenve ofthejlars, of which 
 wiiVCiS'l'ody was made, chap. x. lo, though God 
 hath revealed to us, that he formed man of the dujl 
 of the ground? To which alfo St. Paul alluding 
 tays, Thejjrfl man is of the earth, earthy. What, again, 
 but a new revelation, is that ftrange ftory, that Adam' 
 
 Jhoitid
 
 APPENDIX. 217 
 
 JhoTfhi have propagated an atigelical hoji out of his own 
 iv'iU^ without pain, by a'u:akenmg in hhnfelf the para- 
 difiacal centre ? Chap. x. ii. What is this centre J 
 Have Mofes or the prophets fpokcn of it ? And arc 
 we not told that God faidto Adam and Eve in their 
 ftatc of innocence. Be fruitful and multiply and re~ 
 plcnifh the earth? Again, did he learn that Adam 
 had no entrails, Itomach, or guts? Ch,ap. x. 19. Yet 
 in the perfect ftatc of Adam, God bade him eat of the 
 treesof the garden. Therefore, fays Jacob, he mufl 
 liavc taken it into his mouth, and not into the hody. 
 Surely, Madam, this is not to explain the book of 
 God, but to deny it, and to reveal to us fuch wonder- 
 ful fluff inftead of it, as is not fit to be repeated or 
 thouglit of. Yet thcfc things, according to the au- 
 thor, are the root and gromid of the depth ; without 
 allowing which he affirms wc can know nothing at 
 all. But if there arc any depths here, I will be bold 
 to fay, they arc the depths of Satan, without fearing 
 any mifchief from that profufion of threatenings and 
 imprecations which this man hath beflowed, through- 
 out his works, on all thofc who dare to gainfay his" 
 do(9:rines. 
 
 I might here add fomcthing upon his Light of 
 Nature ; which, as he has defcribed it at large, is the 
 great myflery of pagan enthufiafm, and the root of 
 modern infidelity. His ahominahle pride, where he 
 liiys, v:e, meaning himfclf and the fpirit of Gon ; 
 with his frequent boaftings of high and unutterable 
 hiovdedgc, meaning fuch ftuft as I havejuft now re- 
 , pcatcd ; -
 
 aii APPENDIX. 
 
 peatecl; the foul venom of his tongue, in railing at 
 the authority of the Church, and all Chriftian divines 
 from the days of the apoftles down to his own, with- 
 out excepting any that I can yet find, unlefs it ha 
 ibme of the^ primitive Heretics, who were juft fuch 
 taints as himfelf; his r'ulicuktts and mih-Jcriftural 
 isierpretatiGn ef toords'y for when the Gofpel hath 
 given us the important \cn(t and interpretation of the 
 name Jefus, *' For he fhall save his people from 
 their fins,'* he goes to his deep language of nature, 
 and declares with much pomp, that " Je is his hum- 
 hllng, and the iyllable Sits prefleth aloft through all.'* 
 Chap. xxii. 76. ^Thefe and many other things I might 
 cxpofc at large : but as I am afTured from your own 
 words, and am fatisfied from the whole fpirit of your 
 "writing, that you have humility enough to confefs an 
 error, tvhen you are convinced of It, I Tvill not weary 
 your patience with any farther obfervations on the 
 writings of Jacob Behmcn ; but fhall here conclude 
 them, with heartily recommending you and my own 
 poor endeavours to the grace and bleffing of Almighty 
 God, 
 
 You fecm to take it ill that I apprehended fome dan- 
 ger for you \ which indeed I did more than I do at 
 prefent : yet I rejoice, Madam, that any occurrence 
 or any inftrument, be it who or what it will, has 
 taught you to defpife the world, and ftirred up in you 
 a thirft after the wifdom of God. In this, go on 
 and profper : I heartily bid you God fpeed : and if 
 you defire to learn the knowledge of divine mylleries 
 
 for
 
 APPENDIX. ai9 
 
 for your edification and comfort in this vale of mifery, 
 there are ways and means, though the "uoell is deep, 
 by which, through God s blefling on your induftry, 
 much living water may be drawn out of it ; and that 
 without letting down into it the vellel of J.Behmen. 
 If any myitcrics of the Scriptures are rightly ex- 
 plained by him, (and it would be hard indeed, if with 
 all his pretences he had not hit upon fomething) the 
 fame have alfo been explained by more fober men, 
 and in a far better manner. An EngUJh reader need 
 not be at a lofs for the interpretation of the Scripture, 
 fo long as the writings of Bifhop Andrews, Hall, 
 Brownrig, and Leflie, and many others are current a- 
 mongft us. Thefe are fome of the books I would hum- 
 bly recomniend to your reading. Andrews is a noble 
 and profitable expofitor : one of his feiTnons on the 
 Pajfion is the grcatefl human compofition extant on 
 the fubje6t : his difcourfes on Repentance and Hu- 
 miliation, on the neceflity of receiving the Holy Spirit, 
 with the Way to diftinguifh his genuine FruitF, are all 
 adrnkable. His Devotions breathe a mofl exalted 
 fpirit of piety, while they contain a complete body 
 af the Chriftian myftcries. There are fome Englifh 
 editions : but the bell is from a Greek and Latin 
 copy found among his papers after his death, all 
 blotted and foiled with his tears. Brownrig has, 
 mnong other excellent difcourfes, eight fermons on 
 the Transfiguration, wherein the great myftcries of 
 that part of our Saviour's hillory are unfolded with 
 equal ikilfulnefs and piety. Leflie, in his Hiftory of 
 3 Sin
 
 220 A P P E N D I X. 
 
 Sin and Hcrefy, will lay open to you the whole 7nyjlery 
 ef iiilqiiity, traced from the flill of Lucifer out of 
 heaven, down to the modern herclies and blafphcmies : 
 and if you would fee every falfe pretence to infpiration 
 dete6led and expofed beyond a poffibility of a reply, 
 you may look into his pieces againft the Qimkers, 
 with his preface on Antonietta Bourignon. His 
 works are in two folios, ealily to be met with. For 
 the Jpir'itual Jifpojitlons no author exceeds Kempis in 
 his Imitation of Jefus Chrift. Dr, Cave's Lives of the 
 Primitive Fathers is a book very ufeful and en- 
 tertaining, neceflary to give fome notion of the pri- 
 mitive times, with that knowledge, fpirit and dif- 
 cipline, which are now departed from amongft us. 
 
 There is one book more which I believe may be 
 very acceptable ; and as you are already in pofleflioa 
 of Bifhop Hall, 'tis the lafl I lliall mention ; that is 
 QuefneFs Moral Reflexions on the New Tefta- 
 ment : he has a great talent in fpeaking to the heart, 
 and applying the hiftory of the Gofpel, fo as to ad- 
 vance us in the fpirit and practice of the Chriflian 
 life. I had almoft forgotten Mr. Wogan, the laft able 
 expofitor which this Church has produced ; whofe 
 four volumes on the Proper Leflbns are in the hands 
 of many pious people, and are greatly recommended 
 by thofe who make the Bible their ftudy. 
 
 After all that can be faid, the Holy Ghoft himfelf 
 is the bed interpreter of his own writings ; and to 
 boundlcfs is the treafure therein contained, that the 
 Scripture compared with itfclf will frequently open 
 
 fomc
 
 APPENDIX. 221 
 
 fome things to the faithful enquirer, which no com- 
 tnentator will infoiTn us of. But neverthclefs, our 
 weaknefs is obliged to call in the help of our brethren 
 on feveral occaiions ; and though the Scripture be 
 itfclf the ivord of life y yet it is profitably held forth to 
 us by the hand oiman, and placed on a candleftick, 
 that they, which are in the hqufe may fee the light, 
 and partake of its influences. 
 
 That this may ever be the fruit of all jo?^r reading, 
 and that the light of God's Revelation may clear up 
 all your doubts, and guide your feet through the paths 
 of found and wholefome doctrine into the way of 
 eternal peace, is the fincere-wifh and prayer of. 
 
 Madam, 
 
 Your moft obliged, &c. 8cc. &c. 
 
 Having
 
 222 APPENDIX. 
 
 Having mentioned (p. 6 nnd 43 ) Dr. Home's turn for poetical 
 compofitjon, the editor thinks the reader will not be dif- 
 pleafed, if a few of his Poems are added for a fpecimen. 
 
 THE FRIEND. 
 
 The fafteft ftiend the world affords 
 Is quickly from me gone ; 
 
 Faithlcfs behold him turn his back. 
 And leave me all alone 1 
 
 ir. 
 
 " My friend, fincerely yours till death ;*' 
 The world no farther goes ; 
 
 Perhaps, while earth to earth is laid, 
 A tear of pity flows. 
 
 III. 
 
 Be thou, my Saviour y then my friend. 
 In thee my foul fhall truft. 
 
 Who falfe wilt never prove in death, 
 Jlor leave me in the duft. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Home while my other friends return, 
 
 All folemn, filent, fad, 
 "With thee my flefh fhall reft in hope, 
 
 And all n^y bones be glad. 
 
 THK
 
 APPENDIX. -fltt^ 
 
 THE LEAF. 
 
 WE Ahh CO FADE AS A LSAF- 
 
 Ifa. Ixh'. 6- 
 
 I. 
 
 O E E the leaves around us falling. 
 
 Dry and wither'd to the ground ; 
 Thus to thoughtlefs mortals calling* 
 
 In a fad and folemn found : 
 
 II. 
 
 Sons of Adam, once in Eden 
 
 Blighted when like us he feU, 
 Hear the iefture we are reading, 
 
 'Tis, alas ! the truth we teli. 
 
 Ill, 
 
 Virgins, much, too much, prefuming 
 
 On your boafted white and red. 
 View us, late in beauty blooming. 
 
 Numbered now among the dead. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Griping mifers, nightly waking. 
 
 See the end of all your care ; 
 Fled on wings of our own making, 
 
 We have left our owners bare., 
 
 'V. 
 
 Sons of honour, fed on praifes, 
 
 Flutt'ring high in fancied worth, 
 Lo ! the fickle air, that raifes. 
 
 Brings us down to parent earth* 
 
 VI. Lcarne4
 
 224 APPENDIX. 
 
 VI. 
 
 Learned fophs. In fyftems jaded, 
 "Who for new ones daily call, 
 
 Ceafe, at length, by us perfuaded, 
 Ev'ry leaf muft have its fall 1 
 
 VII. 
 
 Youths, tho* yet no lofles grieve you. 
 Gay in health and manly grace. 
 
 Let not cloudlefs fkies deceive you. 
 Summer gives to Autumn place. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 Venerable fires, grown hoary,! 
 
 Hither turn th' unwilling eye. 
 Think, amidft your falling glory. 
 
 Autumn tells a winter nigh. 
 
 IX. 
 
 Yearly in our courfc returning 
 Meflengers of fliorteft flay, 
 
 Thus we preach this truth concerning, 
 ** Heav'n and earth (hall pafs away.'* 
 
 X. 
 
 On the Tree of Life eternal, 
 Man, let all thy hope be ftald, 
 
 "Which alone, for ever vernal. 
 Bears a Leaf that Ihall not fade. 
 
 AN
 
 APPENDIX. z2$ 
 
 AN ODE, 
 
 T>HE SENT4MENT FROM THE J31VINE H-ERBERT. 
 
 f. 
 
 Sweet day, fo cool, fo calm, fo bright. 
 
 Bridal of earth and flcy. 
 The dew fliall weep ihy fall to-night ; 
 
 For thou, alas ! muft die. 
 
 II. 
 
 Sweet rofe, in air whofe odours wwc, 
 
 And colour charms the eye, 
 Tliy root is ever in its grave. 
 
 And thou, alas ! muft die. 
 
 III. 
 
 Sweet fpring, of days and rofes made, 
 Whofe charms for beauty vie, 
 
 Thy days depart, thy rofes fade. 
 Thou too, alas ! muft die. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Be wife then, Chriftian, while you may, 
 
 For fwiftly time is flying ; 
 The thoughtlefs man, that laughs to-day, 
 
 To-morrow will be dying. 
 
 THE
 
 i.26 APPENDIX 
 
 THE FLOWERS^ 
 
 THE HELIOTROPE. 
 
 Through all the changes of the day 
 
 I turn me to the sun : 
 In clear or cloudy Ikies I fay 
 
 Alike Ti^y will be done ! 
 
 THE VIOLET. 
 
 A LOWLY flow'r, in fecret bow'r, 
 
 Invifible I dwell ; 
 For blefllng made, without parade. 
 
 Known only by my fmell. 
 
 THE LILY. 
 
 Emblem of him, in whom no ftain 
 The eye of Heav'n could fee, 
 
 In all their glory, monarchs vain 
 Are not array'd like me. 
 
 THE ROSE. 
 
 With ravifli'd heart that crimfon hail, 
 "Which in my bofom glows : 
 
 Think how the lily of the vale 
 BecameHike Sharon's rofe. 
 
 THE
 
 APPENDIX. 227 
 
 THE PRIMROSE. 
 
 When Time's dark winter fhall be o'er. 
 
 His ftorms and tempefts laid, 
 Like me you'll rife, a fragrant flow'r. 
 
 But not, like me, to fade. 
 
 THE GARDEN. 
 
 The bow'r of innocence and blifs 
 
 Sin caus'd to difappear : 
 Repent, and walk in faith and love 
 
 You'll find an Eden here. 
 
 A MORNING HYMN ON 
 
 EASrj^R-DAT, 
 
 h 
 
 H ARK ! the fhrill herald of the morn 
 JJegins the fons of men to warn, 
 
 And bids them all arife. 
 To ceJebrate jiis great renown. 
 Who fends the light refulgent down. 
 
 To blefs our ionging eyest 
 
 II. 
 At this the fainting fhadows die. 
 The pow'rs of darknefs fwiftly fly 
 
 Before the morning flar ; 
 Pale trembling murder dares not ftay. 
 And fiends, abafh'd at fight of day. 
 
 Back to their devi repair. 
 
 P 2 III. 'Tis
 
 228 APPENDIX. 
 
 III. 
 
 *Tis this the weary failor cheers, 
 Who now no more the tempeft hears. 
 
 Which morning bids to ceafe : 
 O come that day-fpring from on high. 
 When difcord (hall with darknefs fly. 
 
 And all be light and peace ! 
 
 IV. 
 
 *Twas this that drew repentant tears 
 From Peter, led by worldly fears 
 
 His mafter to difown j 
 Warn'd by the monitor of day, 
 ^e call the works of night away. 
 
 And fought th' abjured fun. 
 
 v 
 
 Whene'er the bird of dawning crows. 
 He tells us all how Peter rofe. 
 
 And mark'd us out the road ; 
 That each difciple might begin, 
 Awake, like him, from fleep and fin. 
 
 To think betimes on God. 
 
 VI. 
 
 Smote by the eye that looks on all, 
 Let us, obedient to the call, 
 
 Arife to weep and pray ; 
 Till mournful, as on fin we mufe. 
 Faith, like an angel, tells the news> 
 
 " The Lord is ris'n to-day." 
 
 ON
 
 APPENDIX. 229 
 
 6 N 
 
 DAVID GARRICK's tUNERAL 
 PROCESSION. 
 
 JL HRO* weeping London*s crowded ftrects. 
 
 As Garrick's fun'ral pafs'd. 
 Contending wits and nobles ftrove, 
 
 Who fhould forfake him laft. 
 
 Not fo the world behav'd to hiittf 
 
 Who came that world to fave^ 
 By folitary Jofeph borne 
 
 Unheeded to his grave. 
 
 If what 19 done by mortals here 
 
 Departed fpirits know, 
 Confus'd and blufliing, Garriek views 
 
 This grand parade of woe. 
 
 Tho* much to be admir'd by man. 
 
 He had yet, gracious Heaven ! 
 Much, very much he had, indeed. 
 
 By thee to be forgiv'n. 
 
 But thou art good ! And fince he died, 
 
 Compos'd without a groan. 
 Repentant David, let us hope. 
 
 May live through David's Son, 
 
 P 3 WRITTEN
 
 236 APPENDIX. 
 
 WRITTEN AT AN INN. 
 
 ii 
 
 From much-lovM friends whene'er I pari^ 
 A penfive fadnefs fills my heart j 
 Pall fcenes my fancy wanders o'er. 
 And fighs to think they are no more. 
 
 II. 
 
 Along the road I rauGng go, 
 0*er many a deep and miry flough ; 
 The fhrouded moon withdraws her light/ 
 And leaves me to the gloomy night* 
 
 III. 
 
 An inn receives me, where unknown, 
 
 I folitary fit me down : 
 
 Many I hear, and fome I fee, 
 
 I nought to them, they nought to me. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Thus in thefe regions of the dead 
 A pilgrim's wand'ring life I lead. 
 And ftill at every ftep declare, 
 I've no abiding city here : 
 
 V. 
 
 For very far from hence I dwell, 
 And therefore bid the world farewell^ 
 Finding of all the joys it gives 
 A fad remembrance only lives. 
 
 8 VI. Rougli
 
 APPENDIX, 231 
 
 VI. 
 
 Rough ftumbling-ftones my fteps o'erthrow, 
 And lay a wand'ring (inner low ; 
 Yet Hill my courfe to heav'n I fteer, 
 Tho' neither moon nor ftars appear^! 
 
 VII. 
 
 The world is like an inn j for there 
 Men call, and ftorm, and drink, and fwear i 
 While undifturb'd a Chriftian waits. 
 And reads, and writes, and meditates. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 Tho' In the dark oft-times I ftray. 
 The Lord fhall light me on my way. 
 And to the city of the Sun 
 Condu(St me, when my journey's done. 
 
 IX. 
 
 There by thefe eyes fhall he be feen. 
 Who fojourn'd for me in an inn ; 
 On Sion's hill I thofe fhall hail. 
 From whom I parted in the vale. 
 
 X. 
 
 Why am I heavy then and fad, 
 When thoughts like thefe fhould make me glad ? 
 Mufe then no more on things below j 
 Arife, my foul, and let us go. 
 
 f 4 TK
 
 a^2 A ^ P E N D I XL 
 
 THE MONKISH LATIN HYMN, 
 
 USED AS A GRACE AFTER MEAT AT MAGDALEN COLLEGE, OXFORDjw 
 
 I. 
 
 1 E Deum patrem colimusy 
 Te laudibus profequimur. 
 Qui corpus cibo reficis, 
 Goclefti mentem gratia* 
 
 Te adoramus, O Jefu> 
 Te, Fill unlgenite, 
 Tc, xjui non dedignatus es 
 Subire clauftra virginis. 
 
 HI. 
 
 Ailu8 in crucem falus es 
 Irato Deo vidlima j 
 Per te, Salvator unice. 
 Vitas fpes nobis rediit. 
 
 IV. 
 
 TibI, Seterne Spiritus, 
 Cujus afBatu peperit 
 Infantem Deum Maria^ 
 iEternura benediciraus. 
 
 V. 
 
 Triune Deus, hominum 
 Salutis autor cptime, 
 Immenfum hoc myfterium 
 Ovanti lingua canimusr 
 
 TRANS-
 
 APPENDIX. i33 
 
 TRANSLATION. 
 
 I. 
 
 1 HEE, mighty Father, we adore^ 
 And praife thy name for evermore ; 
 "VVhofe bounty feeds all Adam's race. 
 And cheers the hungry foul with grace. 
 
 II. 
 
 Great co-eternal Son, to thee. 
 
 With one confent, we bow the knee. 
 
 For our falvation man become. 
 
 Thou didft not fcorn the virgin^s wombw 
 
 III. 
 
 The Pafchal Lamb, foreihewn of old, 
 In thee, fweet Jefu ! we behold, 
 And pardon thro' thy blood receive. 
 While on thy crofs we look and live. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Thee too, all hallowed myftic Dove, 
 We ever blefs, and ever love : 
 Thy wonders how fhall we declare ? 
 The Lord was born, the virgin bare? 
 
 V. 
 
 Almighty, everlafting Three, 
 No other God we have but thee; 
 Thy glorious works, immortal King, 
 In triumph thus we daily fing.
 
 ESSAYS AND THOUGHTS 
 
 ON 
 
 VARIOUS SUBJECTS, 
 
 AND FROM 
 
 VARIOUS AUTHORS, &c. 
 
 BY THE RIGHT REVEREND 
 
 GEORGE HORNE, D. D, 
 
 LATE BISHOP OF NORWICH. 
 /
 
 ESSAYS AND THOUGHTS 
 
 V' 
 
 ON 
 
 VARIOUS SUBJECTS, &c 
 
 ABBEY LANDS. 
 
 Sir Benjamin Rudyard in a fpeech (prefei-ved 
 by Nalfbn, ii. 300) mentions it as the principal 
 parliamentary motive for feizing the abbey lands by 
 Henry VIII. that they would fo enrich the crown, 
 as that the people fhould never he put to pay fiih-^ 
 Jidies again ; and an army of 40,000 men for the de- 
 fence of the kingdom fhould be maintained with 
 the overplus. How did the matter turn out ? Sir 
 Benjamin tells us, " God's part, religion, by his 
 bleffing, had been tolerably well preferved; but it 
 hath been faved as by fire ; for the reft is confumed 
 and vanifhed. The people have paid^ fubfidies eve^ 
 lince, and we are now in no very good cafe to pay an 
 army." [A more exa6l account of this delign and 
 its confequences may be found in Sir Henry SpeK 
 Plan's Hiftory of Sacrilege^ chap, vii.] 
 
 a ABE-
 
 J9t^ A P^P E N D I X 
 
 ABELARD, 
 
 The bad tendency of Mr. Pope's Eloifa to Aber 
 iard is remarked by Sir John Hawkins, in his Hif- 
 tory of Mufic, vol. ii. p. 23, as depreciating^ 
 matrimony, and juftifying concubinage. This is 
 founded on a falfe ^t; Abelard 'was married. 
 The original letters are finer than even Pope's : they 
 were publifhed ann. 1718, by Rawlinfon, from a 
 MS. in the Bodleian library. Sir John Hawkins, 
 fpeaking of Abelard's fkill in fcholaftical theology, 
 and profligacy of manners, makes the following 
 fenfible obfervation : " To fay the truth, the theo- 
 Igy of the fehools, as taught in Abelard's time, was 
 merely fcientific, and had as little tendency to re- 
 gulate the manners of thofe who ftudied it, as geo- 
 metry, or any other of the mathematical fciences.'^ 
 The obferv^ation may be extended to otber mode^. 
 of fiudying divinity. 
 
 ADVERSITY. 
 
 The fiery trials of adverlity have the fame kindly 
 cfFedl on a Chriftian mind, which Virgil afcribes to 
 burning land. They purge away the bad proper- 
 ties, and remove obftru6tions to the operations of 
 heaven. 
 
 Sive ilHs omne per ignem 
 
 Excoquitur vitium, atque exfudat inutilis humor, 
 
 Seu
 
 APPENDIX. 213^ 
 
 Seu plures calor ille vlas et caeca relax at 
 Spiramcnta, novas veniat qua fuccus in herbas. 
 
 Georg. i. 87^ 
 
 Or when the latent vice is cur'd by fire, 
 Redundant humours through the pores expire ; 
 Or that the warmth diftends the chinks, and makes 
 New breathings, whence new nourifhment (he takes; 
 Or that the heat the gaping ground conft rains. 
 New knits the furface, and iiew firings the veins. 
 
 Drypen, 1 28, 
 
 ALCORAN. 
 
 Extravagant praifes are bellowed by Sale and 
 bis difciples on the Koran, which equal the enthu- 
 liafm of Mahomet and his followers ; going every 
 length but that of faying, it was didlated by the Spi- 
 rit of God. Wonderful and horrible 1 This not much 
 noticed not mentioned, I think, in White's lectures, 
 as it fhould have been, and expofed. [But if any 
 reader wants fatisfa6lion on the fubjedl of Mahome- 
 tifm, he will find it in Dr. Prideaux's Life of Ma- 
 homet .J 
 
 AMBITION. 
 
 The ambitious man employs his time, his pains, 
 and his abilities, to climb to a fummit, on which, 
 at laft, he Hands with anxiety and fear, and from 
 which if he fall, it muft be with infamy and ruin. 
 A man of like turn in the time of Charles II. had, 
 by like unwearied application, attained a like fituation, 
 on the top of Salilbury fpire. Every fober thinking 
 
 man
 
 4Q APPENDIX. 
 
 man will fay in one cafe what the merry monnrch 
 faid in the other ; " Make the fellow oyt a patent, 
 ihixi no one may iland there but himfclf." 
 
 ANGELS. 
 
 Man (a minifler of Chrift in particular) (hould 
 refemble them in reconciling duty with devotion. 
 They vimljier to the heirs of faJvation ; yet akvays he- 
 boid iho-face of their Father in heaven. 
 
 AFRICAN ANTS. 
 
 These infeds fet forward fometimes in fuch mul- 
 titudes, that the whole earth fcems to be in motion. 
 A corps of them attacked and covered an elephant 
 quietly feeding in a pafture. In eight hours, nothing 
 was to be feen on the fpot, but the Ikeleton of that 
 enormous animal, neatly and completely picked. r 
 The bufinefs wiis done, and the enemy marched on 
 after frefh prey. Such power have the fmallefl 
 creatures a6ling in concert. 
 
 APOPHTHEGMS. 
 
 It is faid, I think, of Bi(hop Sanderibn, that 
 by frequently oonverfing with his fon, and fcattcring 
 ^ort apophthegms, with little pleafant fiories, and 
 making ufeful applications of them, the youth was, 
 jn his infancy, taught to abhor vanity and vice as 
 monftcrs. 
 
 ASSES,
 
 APPENDIX. 241 
 
 ASSES. 
 
 ^KERE are wild afies in South America. They 
 have three properties which bear a moral application. 
 1. Though exceedingly Iwift, fierce and untrac- 
 table, after carrying Xhcjitft loadj their celerity leaves 
 them, their dangerous ferocity is lofl, and they foon 
 coiltra6l the Itupid look and dulnefs of the afinine 
 fp'ecies : one of them becomes like another afs. 1. 
 If that more noble animal a horfe happens to ftray 
 into the places where they feed, they all fall upon 
 him; and, without giving him the liberty of flying 
 from them, they bite and kick him, till they leave 
 him dead upoli the fpot. 3. They are very trouble- 
 fome neighbours, making a moll honid noife ; for 
 whenever one or two of them begin to bray, they are 
 anfwered in the fame vociferous manner by all within 
 reach of the Ibund, which is greatly increafed and 
 prolonged by the repercuflions of the vallies, and 
 breaches of the mountains. Ulloa, i. 248. [An 
 Englifh gentleman, relident in the Eaft, kept one 
 of the af!cs of the country for his ufe, who was 
 fo troublefome with his noife, that he ordered a 
 flave to ftrike him on the nofe with a cane when 
 he began to vociferate ; in confequence of which, 
 the creature in a few days fell from his appetite, 
 and would adlually have pined away and died, 
 for want of the liberty of making his own frightful 
 noife.] 
 
 Q ATHA-
 
 iit APPENDIX. 
 
 ATHANA.SIAN CREED. 
 
 THE.doclrinCiS in the public femce (as a noble 
 author has fuppbfcd) arc not the true caufe why 
 people of rank, &c. ablent thctnfelvesj but downright 
 ungodlincfs, amufements, racing, hunting, gambling, 
 viliting and intriguing fctting out for Newmarket 
 on a Sunday, &c. Would the gentlemen of the turf 
 come the more to church if the Athanafian Creed 
 were ftruck out, Stc^ ? 
 
 It is not true that thcfe doctrines '^ are acknow- 
 ledged to be ill founded and unfcriptural by every 
 clergyman of learning and candour ;" or that " na 
 man of fenfe and learning can maintain them." There 
 have been and arc many inflances both of laity and 
 clergy that hold them to be fcriptural, and maintaiu 
 them as fuch. The abettors of herel}' and infidelity 
 are not the only j/ien of fettfe in the nation [in 
 good mamiers they certainly do not abound]. Dr. 
 Middleton, when he had apoftatizcd, by men of 
 fenfe meant mfdeJs. [This article was occafioned 
 by a pamphlet ilyled Hints, &c. afcribed to the 
 aofG.] 
 
 AVARICE. 
 
 w A canine appetite inclines perfons to take dowr^ 
 their food in fuch quantities, that they vertjit it up 
 again \\kQ. dogs. So Job of the rapacious greedy op-- 
 j^reiibr ; " He hath Iwallowed down riches, and he 
 
 .6 " lliall
 
 A P 1^ E 1^ t> 1 5t; a4j 
 
 " Hiall vomit them up again." Chap. xx. 15. What 
 is croaricey but fuch an appetite of the mind ? 
 
 1. He, who flatters himfelf, that he refolves to em- 
 ploy his fortune wellj though he fhould acquire it ill^ 
 ought to take this-with him, that fuch a compenfa- 
 tion of evil by good may be allowed after the fa6l, but 
 is defervedly condemned in that purpofe. And it may 
 be obferved, that a refolution of this kind, taken 
 beforehand, is feldom carried into adl afterwards. 
 Nemo unquam hnperium flagit'iis qucejitum bonis ar~ 
 
 tihns exermit. -Tacit. Hifl. i. No one ever ex- 
 
 crcifed with virtue pov/er obtained by crimes. 
 
 3. The eagernefs with which fome men feek after 
 gold would lead one to imagine it had the power 
 to remove all uneafinefs, and make its ftofiefibrs com- 
 pletely happy ; as the Spaniards pretended to the 
 Mexicans, that it cured them of a pain at the hearty 
 to which they were fubjedl. 
 
 Riches, will make a man juft as happy as the em- 
 peror of Siam's white elephant, who is ridden by no- 
 body, lives at his cafe, is ferved in plate, and treated 
 like a monarch. 
 
 4. It is worthy obfervatidn, that Perfeus, who loft 
 the Macedonian empire, was infamous for his avarice; 
 and Paulus Emilius, his conqueror, ^o entirely the 
 reverfe, that he ordered all the gold and filver, that 
 was taken, into the public treafury, without feeing it; 
 nor ever was one farthing the richer for his vi6lories, 
 though always generous, of his own, to others. 
 
 Q 2 5. At
 
 244 APPENDIX. 
 
 5. At a time when Perfian bribes were very rife p^ 
 Athens, a porter humoroufly propofed, that twelve 
 of the pooreft citizens fliould be annually fent am- 
 bafladors to the Perfian court, to be enriched by 
 the king's prcfents. Ibid. Poor men fliould be 
 made minifters of fiate in England, for the fame 
 purpofci 
 
 BEARS. 
 
 Their fagacity is very great. The Kamtfchadalei 
 are obliged to them for what little advancement they 
 ha\x hitherto made, either in the fcicnces or ihepoJifi 
 arts. From them they learned the value of fimplcs 
 ibr internal ufe and external application. They ac- 
 knowledge the bears likewife for their dancing-majiers : 
 what they call the bear-dance is an exadl counterpart 
 of every attitude and gefturc peculiar to this animal, 
 through its fcVeral functions : and this is the founda- 
 tion and ground-work of all their other dances, and 
 what they value themftlves moft upon. King, iii. 
 308, chap. V. 
 
 BENTLEY. 
 
 Bextley is a model for poletnical preaching, on 
 account of the concifenefs, perfpicuity and fairnefs 
 vyith which objections are ftated, and the clear, full 
 and regular manner in which they are anfwered. 
 
 BIGOTRY.
 
 APPENDIX, t^^ 
 
 BIGOTRY, 
 
 Arabes art'mm el lilerdrum omnium adeo riules eranf, 
 vJ id imprimis curajfv piitentTfr, <? Proplictani '/?/?/; iili- 
 teratum (utivid^o atuliit Mahommedes) fcieniid fvpera- 
 <i'ent. Spencer dc Leg. Hcbros. lil). li. cap. i, fee, 3.' 
 The Arabians were fo utterly anfkiUcd in arts and 
 Sciences of every kind, that they fcem to have been 
 anxious-, .above all things, not to liirpafs in know- 
 ledge their prophet Mahomed, generally allowed to 
 bQ illiterate, 
 
 BLIND MAN. 
 
 " I NEVER had tlic happinefs, faid the blind man 
 in the Princefs Palatine's dream, to behold the light 
 "and the glories of the firmament, nor can I form to 
 myfelf the leaft idea of the tranfcendent beauties I 
 have often heard mentioned. Such is my fad con- 
 dition ; and from my fituation all prefumptuous 
 beings may Icarn, that many very excellent and 
 wonderful things exift, which efcape human know- 
 ledge." What ineftimable and divine truths arc there 
 -not in nature, devoutly to be wiilied for, though we 
 cannot imagine nor comprehend them ! ^See Bof- 
 fuct's Fun. Orat. on this Princefs, 
 
 Q 3 BLIND-
 
 ^4^ APPENDIX. 
 
 BLINDNESS OF INFIDELITY, 
 
 JosEPHUS tells us, that, in the laft dreadful ruin 
 of his unhappy countrymen, it was familiar with them 
 *' to make a jeft of divine things, and to deride, as 
 " fo many fenfelefs tales, and juggling impoltures, 
 " the facred oracles of their prophets ;" though they 
 were then fulfilling before their eyes, and even upon 
 themfelves. Jlurd on the Prophecies, p. 434, 
 
 BLONDEL. 
 
 David Blondel*s book is a magazine for the 
 writers againft Epifcopacy. It was drawn up at the 
 earneft rcqueft of the Weftminfter Aflcmblyj parti* 
 cularly the Scots. It clofed with words to this pur-r 
 pofe: " By all that we have faid to aflert the Rights 
 of Prefbytery, we do not intend to invalidate the 
 antient and apcftolical conftitution of Epifcopal pre-: 
 eminence. But we believe that wherefocver it is efia-r 
 blifhcd conformably to the antient canons, it mufl 
 be c^irefully preferved : and wherefoever, by fome 
 heat of contention orotherwife, it hath been put down, 
 or violated, it ought to be reverently reltored." This 
 raifed a great clamour, and the conclufion was fup- 
 prefled. On the report getting about, John Blondel, 
 then refiding in London, wrote to his brother David^ 
 who acknowledged it was true. See Du Moulin's Let- 
 ter to Durel, at the end of Ben net on Joint Prayer. 
 
 BODY
 
 A"1PPENDIX. 1147 
 
 BODY AND SOUL. 
 
 The reciprocal influence of thefe upon each 
 other i fully and clearly fet forth in the fecond 
 volume of a Phihfophical EJfay on ALin. Two infer- 
 ences-' are to be drawn from this conlideration, 
 Firft, that we fhoiild flock the foul with fuch ideas, 
 fentiments-, and afFedlions, as have a benign and falu- 
 tary influence upon the body. Secondly, that we 
 lliould keep the body, by temperance, exercife. Sec. 
 in that ftate which has a like benign and falutary 
 influence on the foul. The common pradticc is ex- 
 actly the reverfe. Men indulge paflions in the 
 foul, which defl:roy the health of the body, and in- 
 troduce diftempers into it, which impair the powers 
 of the foul. Man being a compound creature, his 
 happinefs is not complete till both parts of the com- 
 pofition partake of it. This has been Well fiated by 
 Saurin, diffl xxiii. p. 200, where mention is made 
 of a treatiie of Capcllus on the ftate of the foul after 
 death. 
 
 BOOKS. 
 
 I. It is with books as with animals: thofe live 
 longeft with which their parents go longcft before 
 they produce them. 
 
 1. When we fl:udy the writings of meriy it is well 
 if after much pains and labour we find fome few 
 particles of truth amongfl a great deal of error. 
 When wc read the Scripures, all we meet with is truth. 
 
 Q4 In
 
 24S APPENDIX. 
 
 In tlie former cafe, we are like the Africans on the 
 Diifl Coaft, of whom it is faid, that they dig pits nigh 
 the water-falls of mountains abounding vyith gold, 
 and then, with incredible pains and induftry, walli 
 off the fand, till they efpy at the bottom two qr 
 three fhining grains of the rneta], that pays thern 
 only as labourers. In the latter cafe, we work 
 in a mine fufHcient to enrich ourfelves and all 
 about us. 
 
 3. Of the SpaniHi books, fays Montefquicu, the 
 only one good for any thing is that which w^s' 
 written to fhew that all the reft were good for 
 nothing. 
 
 4. Sir Peter Lely made it a rule, never to look 
 at a bad piclurc, having found by experience., 
 that, whenever he did fo, his pencil took a tint 
 from it. Apply this to bad books and bad company. 
 
 5*. I have faid, and I abide by it, cries Voltaire, 
 that the fault of moll books is their being too long. 
 A writer who has reafon on his fide will always be 
 coricife. 
 
 6. The books which compofed the Alexandrian 
 library were employed to heat the baths in that city, 
 then 4000 in number ; yet were they fix months in 
 confuming. The rcafoning of the Caliph at that 
 'time was. Either thefe books are agreeable to the 
 book of God, or they are not. If they are, the 
 Koran is fufficient without them ; if they are not, 
 they ought to be deftroyed. 
 
 7, The grcatcft and wifcft men have not been 
 
 5 proof
 
 APPENDIX. 2411 
 
 proof againft the errors and fuperftitious conceits of the 
 age ill which they Hvcd. Auguftus Cacfar thought the 
 ikin of a fea-calf to be a prcfervative againft light- 
 ping ; and expected fbme grievous calamity to befall 
 "him in the courfe of the day, if at rifing he hap- 
 pened to put the left flioe upon the right foot. But 
 we are not therefore to fay, that Auguftus Csefar 
 vyas a fool. The very learned and able bifhop Je- 
 remy Taylor, on a certain topic, aflerts what \Yas ra- 
 ther fuited to the notions current in his time, than 
 what \\'as philofbphically true ; but it docs not fol- 
 low, that the Holy Living and Dyi?ig, in which this 
 paflage occurs, is therefore a foolifh book. He would 
 be indeed a foolifli man, who fhould catch at fuch 
 a paftage, and make it a reafon for rejedling all the 
 excejlcnt inflrudtion and counfel contained in that 
 golden treatife. 
 
 8. BofTuct, before he fat down to compofe a fer- 
 mon, read a chapter in the prophet Ifaiah, and ano- 
 ther in Rodriguez's tradl on Chriftian perfc6}ion. 
 The former fired his genius, the latter filled his 
 heart. Dominichino never oiFered to touch his 
 pencil, till he found a kind of enthufiafm or infpi- 
 ration upon him. ^Biograph. Di6t. 
 
 9. Patrons are but too apt to reward their au- 
 thors with compliments, when they want bread. 
 Sorbiere, being treated in this manner by his friend 
 Pope Clement IX., is faid to have complained in 
 the following humorous terms : " Mod Holy Fa,- 
 
 "ther.
 
 2^ . APPENDIX. 
 
 " ther, you give ruffles to a man who is without 
 *^ a ihirt." 
 
 10. Valefius ufed to fay, he learned more from 
 harrowed books, than from his own ; becaufe, not 
 having the fame opportunity of reviewing thenij he 
 read them with more care. 
 
 11. Some books, hke fome fields, afford plenty- of 
 provilion for various creatures while, as to others, 
 
 - - Jejuna quidem clivofi glarea ruris 
 Vix humiles apibus cafias roremque miniflrat : 
 Et tophus fcaber, &; nigris cxefa chclydris 
 Creta, negant alios seque ferpentibus agros 
 Dulcem ferre cibum, & curvas prjebere latebra*. 
 
 Georg. ii. 212. 
 The coarfe lean gravel, on the mountain fides, 
 Scarce dewy bev'rage for the bees provides : 
 Nor chalk, nor crumbling ftones, the food of fnakes, 
 That work in hoUpw earth their winding tracks. 
 
 Dryden, 293. 
 IS. The Blographia Britannica, a work which, not- 
 withftanding its fingular merit, I cannot help calling 
 Vindicatio Britannica, or a defence of e^jery body. 
 Royal and Noble Authors, ii. 68. 
 
 13. Voltaire's Univerfal Hiltory, a charming 
 bird's-eye landfcape, where one views the whole in 
 -pidturefqiie confufion, and imagines the objedts 
 more delightful than they arc in reality, and whch 
 'examined feparately. Ibid. 87. 
 . 14. By the writers of dialogues matters are often 
 contrived, as in the combats of the Emperor Com- 
 ^lodus, in his gladiatorial capacity. The antagonift 
 
 of
 
 APPEND I r 25f 
 
 of his imperial majc^y was allowed only a leaden 
 weapon. 
 
 15. It is faid of Afcham, that ** he loft no time 
 in the perufal of mean and unprofitable books." 
 See the reflexion on it in Biog. Br. ad edit. 
 
 16. Front} nulla fides is a juft maxim- other- 
 wife, one Ihould be prejudiced againlt a book with 
 this title ^Fog, Theologiae Specukitiva? Schema. 
 
 17. " To read while eating was always my fancy, 
 in default of a tete-a-tete. 'Tis the fupplement to 
 fociety I \yant. I alternately devour a page and a 
 piece : 'tis as if my book dined with me." Roufleau, 
 \>. 6. vol. ii. p. 137. 
 
 18. Genuine knowledge fhould be difFufed. 
 Qiad magni faceres, faid archbifhop Warham to 
 J^rafmus, fi uni agrejli '^oj^ello predicdris f Nunc 
 lihris tuis omnes doces paJlGreSy fruBu huge ube^ 
 riort. Cooper's Charge, p. 22. What great work 
 could you have wrought, had your preaching been 
 confined to one fmall and rullic flock ? But now, 
 with much more extenfive benefit, your books in- 
 ilrudl the fhepherds of all other flocks. 
 
 BRACHMANS AND ALEXANDER. 
 
 Great indeed was the flatelinefs of the Brach- 
 mans ! When Alexander exprefied a defire to con- 
 verfe with them, he was told, thefe philofophers 
 made no vilits ; if he wanted to fee them, he mufl 
 go to their houfes. ^The tradition of a fall and 
 reftoration was ftrong among them. 
 
 BRIBERY.
 
 55 APPENDIX, 
 
 BRIBERY. 
 
 The Spartans were the only people that for a whilq 
 feemed to difdain the love of money ; but, the con- 
 tagion ftill fpreading, even they, at laft, yielded to 
 its allurements ; and every man fought private emolu- 
 ments, without attending to the good of his country. 
 ; " That which has been is that which. iliaP;be,l'^ 
 
 OF BUYING BOOKS. 
 
 YouxG rpen fliould not be difcouraged from buy- 
 ing books. Much may depend on it. It is laid of 
 Whifton, that the accidental purchafe of Tacquet's 
 Euclid at an au6lion firfi: occafioncd his application 
 to mathematical ftmiieS;^ Bicg. Dicl. art. Whifton. 
 well. %s\. p. 394. 
 
 CATHARINE I. PF. Russia. 
 
 Shi was not very l^rilliant and quick in her xxnr 
 derftanding, but the reafoi; why the Czar was fo fond 
 of her, was her exceeding good tcmpcK : llic nc\'ei' 
 was ieen peevifli or out of humour ; obliging and 
 crvil to all, and never forget fill of her tbrmcp coivi- 
 dition. Coxe, i. 568, from Gordon. Peter was fub- 
 je6l to occafional horrors, which at times rendered 
 him gloomy and fufpicious, and raifed his paffions to 
 fuch a height, as to produce a temporary madnefs. 
 In thefe dreadful moments Catharine was the only 
 perfon who ventured to approach hrm ; and fuch 
 was the kind of fafcination fhe had acquired ovej* 
 him, that her prefence had an inftantaneous cffuot, 
 
 and
 
 A P ft E N B J X, isi 
 
 iind the flrfl foiihd of her voice Qompofed his mind 
 iand cahned bis agonies. From thefe circumftanceS 
 iflic iberlicd neceHarv, not only to his comfortj but to 
 his very exiltence : the became his infeparablc com- 
 panion on his .joyrnies into foreign countries, and 
 ieven in all his military expeditions. P. 554. 
 
 CHARACTERS AND ACTIONS OF 
 REMARKABLE PERSONS. 
 
 i. It will be hereafter with a wicked man, when ht* 
 is pnnilh"sd fcr his tins, as it was with Apollodo- 
 fus, when he dreamed that he was flayed and boiled 
 by the Scythians, and his l^earf fpakc to him out 
 of the cauldron .-*-'Eyw' rrsi 'J^ricv cujiu, I am the 
 caufe of thelc thy fiifferings. 
 
 2. Lyfimachus, for extreme thirft, offered his king- 
 dom to the Grctoe, to queiich. it. His exclama- 
 tion, when he bad drank, is wonderfully ftrikiiig 
 ^' Ah ! wretcbcd me ! who. lor fuch a momentary gra^ 
 tification, havC loft fo -great a kitigdom! fi>tv ryjg I^y,^ 
 TturSctg, &gi oi '^^o.r,v htm ppxyjiciv, i^zCiYj^ui "QoKriKzlai 
 fviXiKccvTyig^- How applicable this to the cafe of him, 
 w ho, for the momentary pleafures of fin, parts with 
 the kingdom of heaven ! 
 
 3. Horticulture, as it was the primitive employment 
 6f man, lb it is what great gehiufes, after having 
 paflcd through the bnlieft fcenes in the political and 
 military worlds retire to with plcafure towards the 
 clofc of their days, See Sir W. Temple's Gardens 
 
 of Epicurus. 
 
 4. A
 
 454 APPENDIX; 
 
 4. A fruty great genius doth not think it bcneatu 
 him to attend to little thin^. When Paulas 
 Emilius, after his conquefl of Macedon, enter- 
 tained the principal men of Greece, he iliewed that 
 he underftood the ordering and placing of his guefts, 
 and how every man fhould be received according 
 to his rank and quality, to fiich an exadl nicety, 
 that the Greeks were furprifed to tind him fo ex- 
 pert and careful even about trifles, and that a man 
 engaged in fo many weighty aftairs fhould obfervc a 
 decorum in fuch little matters. He told them, the 
 fame fpirit was required in marllialling a banquet, 
 as an army. See Plutarch. 
 
 5. The fame PaulusEmilius, when he had followed 
 to the grave two of the bed: of fons, one a few days 
 beforc his triumph, the other a few days after it, 
 told a convention of the Romans, that, after fuch a 
 tide of fuccefs, he had feared a reverfe. of fortune 
 eitlier to them or himfelf ; that he now felt his mind 
 prfe(5lly at reft, as by the ftroke falling on him 
 and his family he looked upon his country to be 
 fafe. There is a generofity and greatncfs of foul in 
 this behaviour not eafy to be paralleled, as it came 
 from a heart, fays Plutargh, truly lincere, and free 
 from all artifice. 
 
 6. It is finely obfcrvcd by Plutarch, that, " as that 
 ** body is moft llrong and healthful, which can beft 
 ** fupport extreme cold and exceffive heat, in the 
 "change of feafons; and that , mind the ftrongeft 
 " an4 firmcft, which can beft bear profperity and 
 
 " adv^r-
 
 APPENDIX. 255 
 
 *' advcdity, and the. change from one to the other; 
 ** ih the virtue of Emilius was eminently feen, in 
 " that his countenance and carriage were the iame 
 " upon the lofs of two beloved tons, as when he had 
 '^ achieved his- great eft victories and triumphs." How 
 doth this example reproach ^nd fliame the weaknefs 
 and inconflancy of Chriftians ! 
 
 7. The; okl. proverb, Mocking is catchhig, was re- 
 markably exemplified in the great Mr. Boyle, who, 
 when young, by imitating fluttering children, ac- 
 quired himfclf a habit of fluttering, of which he 
 was never after perfe6lly cured. 
 
 8. Lord Orrery (Dr. Bentley's antagonift) was fond 
 of two forts of company. He cither improved him- 
 felf by convcrfing with men of real genius and 
 learning, or elfc diverted himfclf with thofe in 
 whofe compofition there was a mixture of the odd 
 and ridiculous : the foibles of fuch he would touch 
 and play off with a delicacy and tenderness that 
 prevented "any offence from being taken even by 
 the parties themfelves, who enjoyed the humour, 
 and joined in the laugh as heartily as the reft of 
 the company. 
 
 9. The day after Charles V. (one of the wifeft as 
 
 well as moft fortunate of princes) had religned ail 
 
 his kingdoms to his fon Philip, he introduced, and 
 
 recommended to his fervice, his fliithful eounfellor 
 
 and fecretary, with thcfe remarkable words, *' The 
 
 " prefent I make you to-day, is a far more valuable 
 
 " one than that I made you yefter-day." 
 
 10. I
 
 i0 APPENDIX. 
 
 10. I dm ailiamcd to think, that a little bufinef^. 
 arid few cares fliould indifpofc and hinder me in fny 
 religious excrcifes, wheh I read, that Frederic king 
 of Pruflia, at a time when all bis enemies were 
 Tipdn him, and his affairs feemed abfolutcly defperatc, 
 found leifurc to write a kind of philofbphical tcfta- 
 ment in French verfe: Sec Age of Louis XV; 
 ii* 213; 
 
 1 1 . Children fliould be itiarcd as early as poIHble io 
 a6ls of charity and mercy. Conflantine, as foon as 
 l:ii3 Ion could writCj employed Im hand in ligning 
 pardons, and delighted in conveying through Iiis 
 mouth all the favours that he granted r a noble in- 
 trodLi6lion to fovercignty, which is inftituted for the 
 bappinefs of mankind. ^Jortin's Remarks on Eccle- 
 liaftical Hillory. 
 
 12. Cyrus had taken the wife of Tigranes, dnd alked 
 him what he would give, to fave her from fervitude ? 
 He replied, 2VII that he had in the world, and his 
 own life into the bargain. Cyrus, u]:)onthis, very 
 generoufly reftored her, and pardoned what had 
 pafled. All were full of his praifcs upon this occafion, 
 fome commending the accomplithmcnts of hismind^ 
 others thofe of his perfon. Tigranes afkcd his wife* 
 whether fhe did not greatly admire him ? I never- 
 looked at him, faid ilie. Not look at him ! returned 
 he ; upon whom then did you look ? Upon him, 
 replied fhe, who offered his own life to redeem me 
 
 from flavery. This charming example fhould be 
 
 copied into our behaviour in the houfe of God ; 
 
 where
 
 A p p E N D i :5^. 257 
 
 \vhei o we fliould behold and contemplate the" beau- 
 ties pnd perfe^lions of that blefled perlbn alone, who 
 adlually did give his life a ranfoni for Us. -^Xeiioph. 
 Cyropcisd. iii. 14.7. 
 
 13, When Con ftall tine was iriftigated by his cour- 
 tiers to make examples of the Arians, who had infulted 
 his ftatucs, he fileilced them by raifmg his hand to 
 his face, and faying, " For mine own part, I do not 
 " feel myfelf hurt." 
 
 14. Would you fee huilriaii vanity and mifery at 
 the higheft ? Behold the globe of the world carried 
 in proccllion before the corpfe of the Emperor 
 Charles VII. who, during the flidrt courfe of his 
 wretched reign, could not keep pofleflidn df one 
 fmall unfortunate province. 
 
 i^. Viclor Amadcus, tired of bulincfsand of him- 
 felf, capricioufly abdicating his crown, and a year 
 afterwards as capricioufly repenting, and deliring to 
 have it again, difplayed fully the weaknefs of hu- 
 man nature, and how difficult it is to gratify th 
 heart, cither w4th or' without a throne. 
 
 1 6. Claude Lorrain lludied his art in the open fields, 
 where he frequently continued from the rifing to 
 the fetting fun. He fketched whatever he thought 
 beautiful or ftriking, and marked, in fiiiiilar colours, 
 every curious tinge of light on all kinds of objects. 
 Thcfe were afterwards improved into landfcapes, 
 univerfally allowed to be fupcrior to thofe of all other 
 artiits who iiave painted in the fame ityle. In 
 
 R like
 
 25? APPENDIX. 
 
 Jike manner Shakfpeare and Ben Jonfon fravellcrf 
 and aflociatcd with all, forts of people, to mark dif- 
 ferent traits in the charav5lers and tempers of man - 
 kind, which were afterwards worked up into their 
 inimitable pla}'^. Every writer fliould follow thefe 
 examples, and take down thoughts as they occur 
 in reading or converfmg, to be ready, for ufe after- 
 wards, when he fits down to compofe. 
 
 1 7. The late Duke of Grafton^ in hunting, was one 
 day thrown into & diich j at the fiune inftant a horfc- 
 man, calling out, "Lie ilill, my Lord !" leaped over 
 las. Grace, and purfued his fport. When the Duke'sr 
 attendants came up, he erKluired of them who that 
 peifon was : and being told, it was a young curate 
 in the neighbourhood, his Grace replied, " He fljall 
 Iiiive the firft good living that falls ;. had he ftopped 
 \o take care of me, I would never have given him 
 arjy thing as long as he had lived." Of fo much 
 Gonlequence it is to hit the particular turn of a 
 patron, 
 
 18. To the Irafty corre6lors of the facred ic\i may 
 be applied what an ingenious author has obfcn'cd, 
 when fpeaking of the critics on cla/^cal wriitrs. 
 t^.^lm learning of the ancients had been long ago 
 " obliterated, had . every man thought himfelf at 
 " liberty to corrupt the lines which he did not un- 
 *' dcrftand/' Adventurer, xi. 189. No. 58. 
 
 19. Obfcurityot'exprciiion iselegantly called by Mrs. 
 Montague, " that mijl common to the eve and morjr 
 
 " of
 
 APPENDIX; 25^ 
 
 " of literature/' (EfHiy on Shakfpeare, p. 286.) 
 ** which in fa6t proves it is not at its high me* 
 " ridian:" 
 
 20. Some make the clifcbarge of the Chriftian mi- 
 niflry to confift in averting the rights of the church, 
 and the dignity of their fundlion ; others, in 
 a ftrenuous oppolition to the prevailing fed:anes, 
 and a zealous attachment to the eftabliihed church 
 government ; a third fort, in examining the fpecu- 
 lative points and m.yltical parts of religion ; few, 
 in the mean time, confidering either in what the 
 true dignity of the minifterial chara6ler confifts ; 
 Cir the only end for which church government was 
 at all eftablifhed ; or the practical influence, which 
 can alone make fpeculative points worth our at- 
 tentionthe reformation of the lives of men, and 
 the promotion of their truefl: happinefs here and 
 hereafter. Gilpin's Life, p. 160. 
 
 21. It is obferved of King, bifhop of London 
 iri 161 1, that he was fo cbnflant in preaching, after 
 he was a bifliop, that he never milled a Sunday, 
 when his health permitted. Biograph. Didl. from 
 Fuller. 
 
 22. The morning after the mafTacre ofParisj when 
 the ftrects were covered with the bodies of fla lightered 
 tnen, women, and children, before they were thrown 
 into the Seine, the Catholics bethought themfelves 
 of a charitable dt\'\cQ, which was, to ftrip them naked, 
 in order to diftribute their bloody clothes to the peer I 
 Saint Foix, Hifloire de I'Ordre du S, Efprit. 
 
 R 2< 23. To
 
 26q a P P E N D I X. 
 
 23. To the foul confinetl in ibis mateml w<^rk^, 
 but afpiring to another and abetter, apply .the follow- 
 ing: linos : 
 
 '& 
 
 -Pent in his cage 
 
 Th' imprilbn'd eagle fits, and beats his bars : 
 His eye is railed to heav'n. Tho' many a moou 
 Has feen him pine in fad captivity 
 
 ' ^Still he thirds to dip 
 
 His daring pinions in the fount of light. 
 
 Poetical EpijJle to Jiifey^ ofi the Englijh Pcets. 
 
 24. In treating of the human mind, .and the ma- 
 nagement of it, the two great fources of illuftratioik 
 are agriculture and medicine.- Bacon's Advancement 
 of Lenrning, vii. 3. Our Saviour therefore fo fre- 
 quently applied to them (as the prophets had done 
 before) for the illuftration of his doctrine. 
 
 25. Champagne, a celebrated painter, was given to 
 nndcrfland, he might have any thing from .Cardinal 
 Richelieu, if he v/ould leave the fervicer)f the^Qucen 
 
 Mother " Why (faid he) if the .Cardinal could 
 
 'rVmakc me a better painter, the onjy thing I amarft- 
 *^ bitious ot', it would be fomething ^ but fincethat 
 " is impolTible, the only honour I beg of his Emi- 
 ^-nency is the continuance of his good graces." 
 
 ,16. It was a faying of Lord Clarendon's father, that 
 he never knew a tnan arrive to any degree of reputation: 
 in the world, who chofe for his friends and com- 
 [lanions perlbns in their qualities inferior, or in their 
 parts not much fupenor to himfelf. And Huetius, 
 I think, fejls^u^ that as often ag he heard of any one 
 
 - : of
 
 APPENDIX. 26r 
 
 ?>f very eminent charatler in the republic of letters, 
 he never refted, till, by foine means or other, he had 
 obtained an introdu(9;ion to his acquaintance and 
 ihis from his earlieft vouth. 
 
 27. It happened formerly that a Rotterdam produ* 
 ced -an Erafmus. And it happened lately, as the Gene- 
 ral Evening Poft (Mar. 14, 1771) informs us, that 
 a goofe hatched four-and- twenty Canary birds. But 
 theie are events that do not happen every day. 
 
 28. "My Lord," faid a prig of a Sheriff once to Judge 
 Burnet, on the circuit, " there is a white bear in our 
 " town; vourLordfhip, be fure, will go and fee him; 
 "' fliall I have the honour to attend your Lordfhip?'* 
 " Why," replied the Judge, " I am afraid it cannot 
 " be : beeaufe, you know, Mr. Sheriff, the bear and 
 " I both travel with trumpets ; and it has never yet 
 " been fettled, which fliould make the firft vilit." 
 
 29. The fame per(bn:igc, when he was only plain 
 Tom Burnet, took it into his head to write a pamphlet, 
 which did fome execution, againft the miniftry. The 
 great man complained to the Bifhop, who, fending 
 for Tom " What, fays he, could induce you to do 
 " fuch a thing? I make you a very handfomc allow- 
 ' ance. You could not write it for bread." " No, 
 *' fir," faid Tom. " What did you write it for then, 
 " firrah ?" " For drink, fir." 
 
 30. When the Mexican Emperor Gatimozin was 
 put upon the rack by the foldiers of Cortes, one 
 of his nobles, who lay in tortures at the iame time, 
 vomplained piteoufly to his fovereign of the pain he en- 
 
 R 3 dured.
 
 a62 A P P E N D I X. 
 
 dured. " Do you think, faid Gatimozin, that I He upon 
 *^ rofes ?" The nobleman ceafed moaning, and expired 
 infilence. When aChriflian thinks his fuffcrings for 
 fin, in licknefs, pain, &c. intolerable, let him remem- 
 ber thofe oihh Lord, endured patiently on that bed of 
 forrow, the crofs ; and he will think {'^i no longer. 
 
 When Gatimozin, juft taken, was brought into the 
 prefcnce of Cortes, he (Cortes) gaveftricft orders that 
 the Mexican noblemen taken with the Emperor fhould 
 be fecured, and ftridlly looked to, left they fhould 
 efcape. " Your care, faid Gatimozin, is needlefs ; 
 " they will not fly ; they are come to die at the feet 
 " of their fovereign !" Such fhould be the difpofition 
 and refolution of the difciplesand foldiers of Chrift. 
 
 3 1 . Little circumftances convey the moft chara6i'eT- 
 iftic ideas ; but the choice of them may as often paint 
 the genius of the writer, as of the perfon repre- 
 fcnted. ^Well exemplified in the inftance of the 
 Duchefs of Marlborough. See |loyal and Noble 
 Authors, vol. ii. 200. 
 
 32. Infcription (not perfectly Auguftan) on the Earl 
 of Shrewlbury's fword; Sum Talbot i, pro occidere inimi- 
 cos I am Taibof s, for to flay his foes. 
 
 2,^. W^raxall, fpcakingof a cathedral, or abbey, in 
 Livonia, demolifhed by the Ruffians, exprefles him- 
 felf thus " Foftcrity will fee the flandard wave 
 " where the crucifix has ftood, and the matin bell 
 *' will bcfucceeded by the trunfipet." P. 278. 
 
 34. In former times, when Lord Keeper North 
 applied clofe to his ftudies, and fpe^t his days in his 
 
 phambep;
 
 APPENDIX. 263 
 
 chamber, he was fubjcdl to the fpleen, and ap- 
 prchenfive of many imaginary difeafes ; and by way 
 of prevention, he went thick-clad, wore leather 
 Iknll-caps, and inclined much to phyfic. But now, 
 when he was made attorney-general, and bufinefs 
 flowed in upon him, his complaints vaniQied, and 
 liis fkull-caps were deftincd to lie in a drawer, and 
 receive his money. Life of Lord Keeper North. 
 
 35. As men are preferred, their zeal and diligence 
 often remit, infteadof increafing. Urban III. thus in- 
 scribed a letter to Archbifliop Baldwin '* Monacho 
 ferventiJJImo, Abbati ealido, Epifcopo tepdo^ Archie- 
 pifcopo re7niJfoy Moll; fervent as a Monk, warm as 
 an Abbot, lukewarm as a Bifliop, cold as an Arch- 
 bifliop. Life of Baldwin in Biog. Britan. 
 
 36. To injiru^^ and to govern^ are two things ; and a 
 man may do the former well, who does the latter very 
 indifferently. It is part of Dr. Allefliry's character, 
 as drawn in his epitaph, " Epifcopales infulas eadem 
 *^ induftrig. evitavit, qua alii ambiunt ; cui re6tius 
 ^ vifum ecclefiam defetuiere, itijini^re, ornare, quam 
 " regere^ ^He fliunncd the mitre as induftrioufly as 
 others fcek it ; he chofe rather to defend, edify and 
 adorn, than govern the Church. Biog. Brit. 
 
 37. Bifhop Andrews, when a lad at" the XTnivei-fity, 
 ufed every year to vifit his friends in London, and to 
 {lay a month with them. During that month, he 
 conftantly made it a rule to learn, by the help of a 
 mailer, fome language, orart,.to which he was before 
 a ftranger. No time was lofl, 
 
 11.4 When
 
 ?64 A P P E N D I X, 
 
 When the lame eminent perfon firll became Bifhc/p 
 of Winton, a diflant relation, a blackfmith, applied 
 to him, to be made a gentleman, i. c. to be ordained, 
 and provided with a good benefiee. No, faid the 
 ^ifliop, you fliall have the ht^ forge in the county ; 
 \i\xi every 7n(in m Ms oivn order and Jtation. 
 
 38. It was a good rule of Dr. Hammond's, always 
 to have a fubje6t in hand; in which cafe he obfervcd, 
 that, whatever courfe of reading he happened to be 
 in, he never failed of meeting with fom^thing to hia 
 purpofe. For this reafon, no fooner had he finifhcd 
 one (ermon, or tra(5l, but he immediately put an- 
 other upon the ftocks. Thus he was never idle, and 
 all his ftudies turned to prefent account. He never 
 walked out alone without a book, aqd one always 
 lay open in his chamber, from which his fervant read, 
 while he drcflcd or undrefled himfelf His Life by 
 fell, though written in a ftyle far from clear and 
 agreeably, is one of the ipoft improving books I ever 
 read. 
 
 39. Jordano (Luca) the painter was fo engaged in 
 his bulinefs, that he worked at it even on holidays. Be- 
 ing reproached for this by a brother artitt " Why,'* 
 faid he, '"^ if I was to let my pencils reft, they woulc^ 
 *^ grow rebellious, and I fhould not be able to bring 
 *^ thc^u to order, without trampling on them.." This, 
 man had fo happy a memory, that he rccolledted the 
 manner of all the great mafters, and had the art 
 0/ imitating them fo well, as to occalion frequent 
 jnifiakes. 
 
 6 40. Grove,
 
 APPENDIX. 255 
 
 40. Grove, the Prefbyterian, publiOied in 1728 a 
 funeral fermon on the Fear of Death. The fubject 
 was treated in (o maftcrly a manner, that a perfon of 
 confiderable rank in the learned world declared, that, 
 after reading it, he could have laid down and died, 
 with as much readinefs and fatisfadlion, as he had 
 ever done any thing in his life. Biog. Di6l- art. 
 Grove,-rrThe. fermon muft have been a good one to 
 have wrought fuch a perfuafion ; but how the per- 
 fuafion would have kept its ground, had the perfon 
 been taken at his word, and ordered to prepare for 
 inftant death, is another queftion. 
 
 41. Remarkable is the following paflage of Jofe- 
 phus, relative to the wickednefs of his countrymen be- 
 fore Jerufalcm was befieged by the Romans " That 
 " time abounded with all manner of iniquity, fo that 
 ^^ none was left undone. Yea, though one en- 
 *' deavoured to invent ibme new villany, yet could 
 ^' he invent none that was not then pradtifed." 
 
 42. Sauveur, the French mathematician, when he 
 was about to court his mitlrefs, would not fee her, till 
 he .had been with a notary, to have the conditions 
 t)|) which he intended to inlift reduced into a written 
 form ; for fear the light of her fbould not leave him 
 enough mailer of himfclf. Like a true mathema^. 
 tician, he proceeded by rule and line, and made 
 his calculations when his head was cool. 
 
 43 . Alexander fent Phocion 1 00 talents. ^^ Why to 
 "me, more than others r" " Becaufc he looks upon 
 *' you as the only juft and virtuous man." " Then 
 
 <' let
 
 266 APPENDIX. 
 
 " let him fuffer me to continue fo." Philip before 
 had offered him a large fiim. He was prefTcd to 
 take it, if not for himfelf, yet for his children. '^ If my 
 *' children," cried Phocion, " refemble me, the little 
 " fpot of ground with the produce of which I have 
 *' hitherto lived, and^ which has raifed me to the 
 '^ glory you mention, will be fufficient to maintain 
 " them. If it will not, I do not intend to leave 
 '' them wealth, merely to ftimulate and heighten 
 '' their luxury/' 
 
 CHARITY. 
 
 1 . In- the world, no man liveth or worketh for him- 
 felf alone, but every tradefman, mechanic, hufband- 
 man, &c. contributetb his labour and his ikill towards 
 fupplying the different exigencies of the public, and 
 rendering fociety comfortable. So ought it to be 
 among Chriltians in the church, which is a body 
 compofed of many members, and requireth that each 
 jnember fhould perform its proper office for the be- 
 nefit of the whole. 
 
 2. Among the ancient Romans there was a law 
 kept inviolably, that no man fhould make a public 
 fcafl, except he had before provided for all the poor of 
 his neighbourhood. So the Gofpcl Thou, ivhen 
 iioii mahjl a feafl, call the poor, &c. See Rule of 
 Life, 1 66. 
 
 \-^ 3-.- Let him, who has not leifure or ability to penetrate 
 
 the myfleries of the SS. take comfort in this faying 
 
 of Anftin: 111 e tenet ct quod patet et quod latef in 
 
 ^ dh'inis
 
 APPENDIX. ii6f 
 
 ^Ivln'is fermojilhus, qui charltatem tenet in vionhns' 
 He is mailer of all that is plain, and all that is myfte- 
 rious in the Scriptures, who is pollelt of the virtue 
 pf charity. 
 
 4. The end o{ kriowUdge is charity,ov the commu- 
 nication of it for the benefit of ofhers. This tmth 
 jnay bp finely illuftrated by a paflagc in Milton,- 
 P. L, viii. 90 & feq. 
 
 Confider firfl, that great 
 
 Or bright infers not excellence : the earth. 
 Though, in comparifonof heav'n, fo fmall. 
 Nor gUR'ring, may of folid good contain 
 More plenty than the fun that barren fliines j 
 Whoje 'Virtue on itfelfnvorhs no effect ^ 
 But in the fruitful earth ; there firfl received 
 Jiis beams f unaBive elfe, their vigour find. 
 
 5. It is very remarkable, that Cheftcrfield, that man 
 of the world, that man of pleafure, places charity to 
 the dlftrefled at the head of rational pleafures. See 
 the letter on expcnces, vol. ii. 800. 
 
 6. There is no ftate of life which does not furnifh 
 employment for care and induftry : the mean mud 
 ferve the great out of neceffity ; and the great are 
 (equally bound to ferve the mean out of juftice and 
 pharity. Hcylyn, ii. 32,5. 
 
 7. At man's firfl creation, charity was the divine 
 principle implanted in his heart by his Maker. The 
 adverfary, by temptation, difplaced it, and left felf- 
 love in its ropui, which was cherifhed by man, to 
 
 the
 
 26S APPENDIX. 
 
 the deftruction of hnnfelf and his polterlty. llius a 
 certain niifchievous bird repairs ta the ncft of one 
 that is harmlef^^, and having devoured the eggs ot 
 the little innocent owner, lays one of her own iri' 
 their place : this the fond foolifh bird hatches with 
 gi'cat afRduity, and, wh.en excluded, finds no ditfer- 
 ence in the great ill-looking changeling from her own. 
 To fupply this voracious creature, the credulous 
 nurfe toils with unufual labour, no way fenlible that 
 ihe is feeding an enemy to her race, and one of the 
 mofl dcftru6live robbers of her future progeny. Sec 
 Goldfmith, v. 264. 
 
 S, It is not eafy to conceive, how much lin and fcan- 
 dal is occafioned by a fevere quarrdfome temper in 
 the difciples of Chrifl:. It flirs up the corruptions of 
 thole with whom they contend ; and leads others 
 to think meanly of a profeffion which has fo little 
 efficacy to foften and fwceten the tempers of thofc 
 who maintain it. Doddridge, F. E. ii. 186. 
 
 9. Bees never w'ork fingle, but always in companies, 
 that they may afiift each other. An ufeful hint to 
 fcholars and Chriftians, 
 
 lOr An abbe, remarkable for his parfimony, happen- 
 ed to be in company where a charitable fubfcription 
 was going round. The plate was brought to him, and. 
 be contributed his Iguis-d'or. The collc^or, not 
 pbfcrving it, came to him a fccond time. I have put 
 hzy faid he. lf^ouJay'Jo^\ w}ll heJieve you, returned, 
 the cpIkt^tPr^i/M-ig^iy -S^/^'^.J^^ iLrrldid J'ccAt,. 
 
 ci'ic'i
 
 APPENDIX. 2G9 
 
 cried old- Fontenelfc, who was prcient, hut did not 
 heVieve if. 
 
 II. Tliere arc many deceptions concerning charity. 
 1. It may be practifed on fiihe motives, intereft, ciiitom, 
 icar, fhamc, vanitv, popularity, &c. 1. It is amillrake 
 to imagine it will atone for a want of other virtues, 
 or for a life of vice and diffipation. See Dupre, lerm. 
 iii. Crit. Review, April 1782, p. 260. Mr. Law's 
 character of Ncgotius. Voltaire fays, " the effect 
 is the fame whatever be the motive." But furely the 
 ^^orth of every a6iion mui1 be eltimated by the ^/zo/zV^- 
 on which it is performed. He who attends me when 
 I am fick, with a viev/ to the making of my will, 
 m\i\ getting my eftate, is a very different man from 
 Jiini who does it only bccaufe he loves me. Yet the 
 "rffedl may be the fame : I may be equally taken care 
 of in cither cafe. We are to be judged by one who 
 knows the thoughts of our hearts, and will judge us 
 iiccordingly. - Charity made confiflcnt with vice 
 
 Brown's Sermons, 278. See Charity well de- 
 
 frribed under the idea of Gemrofifyy Fitzofborncs 
 liCttcrs, 123. 
 
 12. Micklc, \\\>z tranflator of the Lufiad, inferted In 
 his poena an angry note againll Garrick, who, as he 
 thought, had ufed him ill, bv rejecting a tragedy of 
 his. Some time atterward, the poet, who had never 
 fcen Garrick play, was afked by a friend in town to 
 go to King Lear. He went, and, during the firit 
 three adls, faid not a word. In a fine paflage of the 
 fourth, he fetched a deep iigh, and, turning to his 
 , fficnd.
 
 ijo A P P E N D i X:. 
 
 friend, " I wifh," laid he, " the noie was out otmf 
 *' book r* ^How often, alas, do we fay and write bit- 
 ter things of a man, on a partial and intereiled X'iew 
 of his charadler, which, if we knew it throughout, 
 we {hould wifh unfaid or unwritten I 
 
 THE CHIEF JUSTICE AND THE SHARK. 
 
 " What fifli is that ?" faid Sir Elijah Impcy to tht 
 failors, who had caught a fhark. " An pleafe your 
 " honour,'* anfwered one of them, *' we call it ^ 
 
 *^ fea-Iazzyer,''* 
 
 CHINESE. 
 
 1. It is an odd cireumftance, that wheft a itlah dies, 
 among the Chinefe, the relations and friends wait 
 three days, to fee whether he wiii rife again, before 
 they put the corpfe into the coffin. Voyages and 
 Travels, iv. 92, from Navarette. We are told, fl^oni 
 "the fame author, that many in that country, in their 
 life-time, get their coffin made-, and give a treat to 
 their acquaintance on the day it comes home. It 
 is cuftomary for the Emperor, in particular, to have 
 Iiis coffin fome time with him in the palace. Many 
 keep it in fight for feveral yearSj and now and then 
 go into it. Ibid. 
 
 2. It fhould be in an Univcrfity, as in the empire 
 of China, where *' no hulbandman is ever idle, and 
 *' no land ever lies fuHmv." ibid. 121.- 
 
 3. Accomplifhments of every kind are acquired and 
 
 preferved
 
 APPENDIX. 271 
 
 preferved by ufe and pra6lice ; and the fcholar and 
 Chriflian would do well to reflect upon a piece o{ 
 difcipline in the Chinefe armies, by which a foldicr 
 who fufFers his arms to contrail the leail ru^ is 
 piinithed on the fpot with thirty or forty blows of the 
 batoon. Ibid. 286, from Le Compte, and Duhalde 
 313,261. 
 
 Sulco zttrhus /^lendefcere vomer. 
 
 Georg. i. 46^ 
 
 Worn in the furrow fbines the burnifh'd fhare. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 4. In China, the afpirants, in the literary way, artf 
 examined by the eminent men, for their degreed. 
 The Emperor Kang Hi, finding matters did not go 
 on as they (hould do, took it into his head, one day, 
 to examine the examiners, and fent feveral of the old 
 Dons packing into the provinces, for infufficiency, 
 ** The dread of fuch another examination," fays our 
 author, " keeps thofe chiefs of the Uterati clofe to 
 their fludies." 
 
 CHRISTIANITY. 
 
 1 . With difficulty men are induced to give up their 
 favourite opinions : flill harder is the tafk to draw 
 them from their favourite vices. Could a relicrion be 
 Jcfs than divine, which caufed the Heathen world io 
 quit both ? 
 
 2. " Religion," fay fome, " was invented by priefts 
 ** and politicians, to keep the world in ordei*." It i^ 
 
 a good
 
 Sl^^ APPENDIX; 
 
 a good thing-, then, for that purpofc at Icafl. But 
 the misfortune is, none of the fuppofed impctflors of 
 this kind have ever been named, who hved till afier 
 the general pHnciples of rehgion were found diffemi- 
 nated among mankind, as the learned StiUingflect 
 ihews at large (Orig. Sac. b. i. chap, i.) even from 
 the teftimonies of the Egyptians and Greeks them^ 
 felves. 
 
 3. The difTcrenccs among Chriilians, about lefier 
 matters, prove the truth of thofe great and funda* 
 mental points in which they all agree. 
 
 4. The little effect which Chriflianity hathon the 
 lives of its profeflbrs is frequently made an argument 
 againft it. So with regard to philofophy, the fam6 
 objection is thus put and anfwered in Cicero's Tufci. 
 Qued. lib. ii. feci. 5. A, Nonne 'Vetendum efi igiticf, 
 ne. ^hilofophiam falfd gloria exornes ? ^wd eft enhn 
 majus argiinmitum, nihd earn p'odeffe, quam quojdam. 
 ^erfe^os fh'ilojophos tiirf'iter iHvere? M. Nullum vero 
 id auuhm argumentum eft. Nam ut agrl non omiies 
 frugifcri fufit qui colnntur^ ftc anlmi -non omnes culti 
 frulum ferunt. At que ut agcr qua??ivis fertilis Jina 
 culturd fruduofus ejje non potcfl, fie fine doBrina ani^ 
 mus- : it a eft utraque res fine alt era- dehdis. Sec Lac- 
 tant. De falf. Sap. vol. iv. 226. 
 
 A. Is it not then to be feared, that you afcribe to 
 philofophy a glory that does not belong to it ? For 
 what can afford a ftronger argument of its inefficacy, 
 than tlie vicious lives of fome of its moft learned pro- 
 feflbrs ? M. That argument is not conchifivc. For 
 
 as
 
 APPENDIX. i73 
 
 as agriculture cannot render all foils fruitful, fo nei- 
 ther arc all minds equally improved by inilruclion. 
 Yet neither can any foil, nor any mind, bring forth 
 good fruits by the unaffifted force of its natural fer- 
 tility but both muft remain unprodudive without 
 the aid of cultivation. 
 
 5. In Cbriftantinoplebehdldthe judgments of God' 
 on apoftates from true religion, and corrupters of it : 
 fee Jews and Chriftians perpetrating on each other 
 the moft enormous villanies, as the price of obtaining 
 the fjivoui* of the Tilrks ! At the fame time behold 
 the Greek prelates, even while groaning under the 
 yoke of the oppretlbr, employing their time, their 
 w^ealth, and their intereft, in over-reaching aiid fup- 
 planting each other for a metropolitan fee, or a pa- 
 triarchate, at the court of that oppreflbr ! 
 
 6. Chriftianity has^ in every age, produced good ef- 
 fe6ls on thoufands and tens of thoufands, whofe lives 
 are not recorded in eccleliaitical hiitory ; which, like 
 other hiftory, is for the moft part a regifler of the 
 vices, the follies, and the quarrels of thofe who made 
 a figure and a noife in the world. Socrates, in the 
 clofe of his work, obferves, that, if men were honeft 
 and peaceable, hiftorians would be undone for want 
 of materials. Jortin's Remarks^ b. ii. ad fin. 
 
 7. Theft was unknown among the Caribbces, till 
 Europeans came among them. When they loll any 
 thing, they faid innocently " The Chriftians have 
 ** been here." 
 
 S CHURCH.
 
 274: A ? p E N c I x:. 
 
 CHURCH. 
 
 1 . 'Tnt enemies of the Church are encouraged to 
 proceed in their attacks, by the timidity of hfer 
 fi'icnds ; as Lyfander, at the fiege of Corinth, bade 
 his men be of good courage, when he favv a hare run 
 along upon the walls. 
 
 2. Learned and good men are often deterred from 
 engaging tl>e adverfaries of religion, more through 
 fear of their ribaldry than their arguments ; as An- 
 tipater's cle])hants, which beheld the apparatus of 
 war unmoved, ran away at the granting of the Me- 
 garen-fian hogs. 
 
 3^ To admit all the jarring fe<5ls and opinions into 
 the church by a comprehenfwn, w^ould be, as one 
 well obferves, to jumble together an indigefted heap 
 of contrarieties into the fame mafs, and to make the 
 old chaos the plan of a yiC'W reformation. 
 
 4. Thofe clergymen, who betray the caufe of their 
 mailer, iu order to be promoted in his church, are 
 guilty of the worli kind o{ f.mony^ and pay their fouls 
 for the purehafe of their preferments. 
 
 5. Herefies fcem, like comets, to have their pe- 
 riodical returns. 
 
 6. Some think variety of religions as pleafing to 
 God as variety of flowers. Now there can be but 
 one religion which is true ; and the QfO<S. of truth 
 cannot be pleafed with falfchodd, for the fake of 
 variety. 
 
 * 7. Nothing'
 
 APPENDIX. 2^s 
 
 7 Nothing is more common than for a rehgious or 
 poHtical fedt to difclaim a principle, and then relume 
 it under another form : as the CirconcelUones ufed 
 no f words, becaufe God had forbidden the ufe of 
 one to St. Peter ; but they were armed with cluhsy 
 which they called the cluhs of Ifrael, and with which 
 they could break all the bones in a man's Ikin. 
 See Lc Beau, i. 170. See Jortin's Reniarks on 
 Eccl. Hift. iv. 388. 
 
 8. The heat and acrimony with which fome men 
 write againft revelation remind one of the cruelties 
 pra6^ifed by the abovementioned fanatics, who co- 
 vered the eyes of the Catholics that fell into their 
 hands with lime diluted with vinegar. Ibid. 
 
 9. Apply to quarrels among Chriilians the following 
 lines, addrefied by Adam to Eve, after their mutual 
 accufations and upbraidings: 
 
 But rife : let us no more contend, nor blame 
 Each other, blam'd enough elfewhere ; but ftrive, 
 In offices of love, how we may lighten 
 Each other's burden in our fhare of woe. 
 
 10. Upon viewing many of our places of worfhip 
 in the country, one would be tempted to think the 
 church of England had adopted the maxim laid 
 down in a neighbouring kingdom, '^ That cleanli- 
 " ncfs is not eflential to devotion." A church of Encr- 
 land lady once offered to attend the kirk there, if 
 fhc might be permitted to have the pew fwept and 
 
 S 2 lined.
 
 ^7^ APPENDIX. 
 
 lined. " The pew fvvept and lined !" fald Mels 
 John's wife, " my huiband would think it down- 
 " right popery !" 
 
 11. If the intended reformation of our liturgy goes 
 on, the reformers may hereafter bring us in a bill 
 like that Gvf the Cirencefier painter : 
 
 IMr. Charles Terebee to Jofeph Cook, debtor. 
 
 To mending the Commandments, altering the") /. s. d. 
 B<;lief, and making, a new Lord's Prayer, - - J i i o- 
 
 12. It is a principle advanced by Preiident Montes- 
 quieu, that, where the magiftrate is fatisiied with the 
 eftablifhed religion, he ought to reprefs the direct 
 attempts towards innovation, and only grant a tole- 
 ration to other fe^s. ^B. xxv. cli. lo.^ See Hiune, 
 Tol. vii. p. 40 and 41. 
 
 13. Sir MatlhewHale ufed to fay, Thofe of the 
 ^paration were good men, but they had narrow 
 fouls,, r they would not break the peace of the 
 church about fucli inconfiderable matters, as the 
 points in difference were.^ 
 
 14. Lord Clarendon, fomewhere in his Life, makes' 
 
 this levere reficdlion " That clergymen' underit'and 
 
 '*^ the Ieaft,'and take the word meafurc of human af^ 
 
 ^' faii^, of all mankind that can read- and write." 
 
 "Cited by Temple, \n his Efiky on the Clergy, p. aa* 
 
 *See hrs M chapter, On the fervHce clergymen may 
 
 do their country in- matters civil and temporal. 
 
 The reafon of tljc abovcmcntioned circumftance it 
 
 might be curious to inveftigsrte. 
 
 jj.Thr
 
 APPENDIX. 277 
 
 15. The perfon preiidlng over a church lliould di- 
 ligently mark the very firft flarting of an error, or 
 herefy, and employ a proper hand hnmediately to 
 check and extinguiOi it ; as, by order of the New 
 River Company in London, a watchman is nightly 
 fixed at fuch a height, near the river head, as to be 
 able to overlook the whole town, and, on the mo- 
 mentary appearance of any conflagration, to turn the 
 water full on the mains leading to the refpedlire 
 cjuarter, however remote the lituation : by which 
 wife and commendable meafure, the water gene- 
 rally arrives at the place of deftination before the 
 fleetell mefTengen Morning Chronicle, Jan. 27, 
 J781. 
 
 16. " As I do not check any fufpicions in my own 
 '* mind, I fhall not cafily be reftraitied from utter- 
 *' ing them ; becaufc / hww not hoiv I fiall henefit 
 " wy country i or ajpji her counjeh^ hy filent mediiU' 
 ** tiotis." Pulteney, in Johnfon's Debates, vol. i. p. 5, 
 A friend of the church, who is able to write or 
 fpeak, in thefe .days, ihould make the iamc re- 
 fleclions. 
 
 17. A right good man n^ay be a very unfit ma- 
 giftrate : and for difcharge of a bi (hop's office, to 
 be well minded is not enough, no, not to be 
 well learned alfo. Skill to inftrucl is a thing ue- 
 cellary, fkill to govern much more ijecefliiry in a 
 bifhop. It is not fafe for the church of Chrift, when 
 bifhops learn what belongeth unto government as 
 empirics learn phyfic, by killing <jf the fick. Bifhops 
 
 S 3 were
 
 278 APPENDIX. 
 
 were wont to be men of great learning in the laws 
 both civil and of the church ; and while they were 
 fo, the wifeft nicn in the land for counfel and govern* 
 xnent were bifliops."- Hooker, vii. 24, p. 398. 
 
 COLLINS (Anthony). 
 
 . This perfon, on his death-bed, was under great 
 anxiety, and, juft before he expired, with a deep figh 
 pronounced the following words Loch has ruined 
 vte I His niece, who attended him at the time, related 
 this circumflance to Mr. Wogan, the pious author of 
 an Eflay on the Proper Letlbns; as he atRired a friend 
 of mine, the Rev. Dr. Merrick of St. Ann's, Soho. 
 
 COMPOSITION. 
 
 1. Distension in the bowels is a fign of a bad 
 digeftion. In an author it is a lymptoin of the fame 
 infirmity. 
 
 a. If a man's fludles are dry, his compofitions will 
 be infipid. Diftil a l^one, and you will have a quantity 
 of ijcater. 
 
 3. He, that would write well in any tongue, muit 
 follow this counfel of Ariftotle, to think with the learn- 
 ed, but fpeak with the common people, that thefe may 
 underftand, and thofe approve him. Afcham, p. 57. 
 
 4. Aptmjs, hnoivkcige^ and iije make all things per- 
 it6\. ; but they mufl join forces, or nothing will bo 
 w^ll done. The firfl is the gift of God ; the fecond 
 
 we
 
 APPENDIX. *79 
 
 xvc iTiuft have from others ; the third we attain by 
 our own diligence and hibour. P. 117. 
 
 5. The lame arguments .are quite different in their 
 jeffecls, when drawn up and urged by a' man of 
 genius. They go farther, and pierce deeper, like the 
 ^afts of Hercules', which, Heliod tells us, were wing- 
 ed with englcs' feathers. 
 
 6. He who would excel in ay thiog (oratory e. g.) 
 mult not lervilcly copy any one orator throughout, 
 but from different perfons felec9: the accompHflmients 
 for which they are feverally eminent. 
 
 7. It was Cicero's opinion, that he who would 
 ipcak well, muft write much : 
 
 Caput aiiiem eji, quod (ut vere d'lcam) mm'wie fac'i- 
 mus (eft enhn magni. lahoris^ quern pJerique fug'tmus) 
 quam plur'imum Jcr'ihere. De Orat. But the princi- 
 pal point is one from which moft of us thrink, on 
 account of the labour that attends it ; I mean fre- 
 C[uent and much compofition. 
 
 8. Depth of fentiment, illuftrated by a bright ima- 
 gination, is like the fea when the fun fhines upon it 
 and turns it into an ocean of light. 
 
 9. Illuftrations are peculiarly beautiful, where they 
 are fetched from fomething near akin to the fubjecl 
 which they are employed to adorn, as e. g. Sprat's 
 obfervations on the age of learning among the 
 Arabians^" Methinks that fmall fpot of civil arts, 
 ^' compared to their long courfc of ignorance before 
 ^' 3nd after, bears Ibme refemblance with the coun- 
 
 S 4 try
 
 28o APPENDIX. 
 
 " try itfelf ; where there are fome few little vallies, 
 " and wells, and pleafant (hades of palm trees ; but 
 " thofe lying in the midft of deferts and unpalfable 
 " trails of fand." Hifl. of Roy. Soc. p. 45. 
 
 10. Zeuxis the famous painter, before he fate dow?i 
 to a pidlure, ufed to animate his fancy by reading 
 fome paflage in Homer relative to his fubjecl. - 
 A good hint to thofe who arc about to compofe in 
 profe and verfe. 
 
 11. Every man has a certain manner and characSler 
 in writing and fpeaking", which he fpoils and lofes 
 by a too clofe and fervile imitation of another; 
 as Bifliop Felton, an imitator of Bifhop Andrews, 
 obferved " I had almoft marred my own natural 
 *' trot, by endeavouring to iii^itate his artificial am- 
 ble," AVanley, 647. 
 
 1 2. It was a rule with x\rchbifhop Williams, to give 
 himfelf ibme recreation before he fate down to com- 
 pofe, and that in proportion to the importance of 
 the compofition. See his Life in Lloyd's Wor- 
 thies, p. 379. Dr. H. Mo e, after finifhing one of 
 his moft laborious and painiul works, exclaimed 
 '^ Now, for thefe three months, I will neither think 
 " a wife thought, nor fpeak a wife word, nor do 
 " an ill thing." Life in the Biog. Di6\. 
 
 13. In an oration, one would wifli that the whole 
 fhould be well compofed, and fuitable to the dignity 
 of the fubject. But let the progrels to what is 
 great and brilliant be gentle and gradual. Such is 
 
 the
 
 APPENDIX. 28t 
 
 the rule and method of Nature m all her worlds. 
 At tjie firft dawning of the brighteil day that ever 
 flionc, light and darkiiefs were fcarcely dillinguifh- 
 able. Lawfon, 380. 
 
 14. In comjjofitions, young writers produce the r^*?/?, 
 but old ones tbe heft., as Lord Bacon obfcrves of 
 graces. '^ The vine bearcth more grapes when it is. 
 *' young ; but grapes that make better wine when 
 *^ it is old ; for that the juice is better concodted." 
 
 15. Style fhould refemble the atmofphere of Italy, 
 which " embcllillies all obje6ls by fhewing them 
 " with clcarnefs ; for which reafon, its gulfs^ its 
 " woods, its caicadcSj and its meads, have a grace 
 *' unknown beneath other Ikies." M. Sherlock's 
 Letters, p. 21. 
 
 16. The author of Hudibras had a common-place- 
 book, in which he had repofited, not fuch events 
 or precepts as are gathered by reading ; but fuch 
 remarks, limilitudes, alluiions, aflcmblages, or infer- 
 ences, as occafion prompted, or meditation pro- 
 duced ;. thofe thoughts that were generated in his 
 own mind, and might be ufefully applied to fome 
 future purpofe. Such is the labour of thofe wlio 
 write for immortality. Johnfon, i. 288. 
 
 17. Augufuis loved corredlnefs and accuro;y in all 
 his compoiitions, and never delivered his mind on any 
 ferious matter, even in his own family, without memo- 
 ifials or written notes. Fergufon, Rom.Hift. A me- 
 thod pra6lifcd and recommended by Bolingbroke and 
 
 Chciler-
 
 7.Z2 APPENDIX. 
 
 Cheftcrfield, to attain a habit of eorrectnels in 
 fpcaking. So Biftiop Attcrbury of ivrifin^, " Let 
 " nothing, though of a trifling nature, pafs through 
 *' your pen neghgently/' Letters, i. ii8. 
 
 conscience; 
 
 1. A MAN reproached with a crime of which he 
 knows himicif to be innocent, fhould feel no morxi 
 pneafmefs than if he was faid to be ill when he feit 
 Jiimfelf in peifecft health. 
 
 2. When Cleomenes was on the point of taking a 
 bribe from Ariftagoras, his virtue was preferred by 
 his daughter, a child of 7une rears oU, who ex- 
 claimed, " Fly, father, or this itranger will corrupt 
 *^ you." Confcience would often perform this office 
 for us, if we would attend to its admonitions. 
 
 3. The fame power (confcience) fliould do for us, 
 refpe^ling our paffions and appetites, what an at- 
 tendant was ordered every day at dinner to do for 
 Darius, after the burning of Sardis, refpe<5ling his 
 enemies cry put, Rememher the Athenians, 
 
 CONTENTMENT, 
 
 I. When Chriit bade us limit our cares to the day 
 that is paffing over us, he confultcd our natural 
 quiet no Icfs than our fpiritual welfare; lince the 
 phief fources of moft men's uneafinefs ^ire chagrin 
 
 at
 
 APPENDIX. 28| 
 
 at what is pafr, and forebodings of what is to come. 
 Whereas, " \\'hat is paft ought to give us no un- 
 *' eafinefs, except that of repentance for our faults^^ 
 " and what is to come ought much lefs to affect us, 
 ** becaufc with regard to us and our concerns, it 13 
 *' not, and pcrliaps never will be." 
 
 2. Plutarch, fpcaking of that inviolable friendfhip 
 which fubfifted between Pelopidas and Epaminondas, 
 fays, ** The true and only caufc of this excellent 
 " conduct was their virtue, which kept them, in 
 " all their actions, from aiming at tvealth and 
 " S^^O'-) "^^'hich fatal contentions are always attended 
 " with envy ; but being both equally inflamed with 
 *^ a divine ardour to make their country profper-^ 
 * ous and happy by their adminiftration, they 
 " looked upon each other's fuccefs as their 
 *' own." 
 
 3. In general, as he obferves, among the Grecians, 
 the perfonal enmity borne by great men of the 
 fame city to each other, exceeded that which they 
 bore to the enemies of their country. The fame 
 paflions have operated in the llune manner among 
 Chriftians, of wliich we have a remarkable in- 
 ilance at the fiegc of Conftantinople by Maho- 
 jnet II. when fuch was the animofity fubfifling be- 
 tween the Greeks and Latins, within the city, that 
 pne of the former declared, he had rather fee a 
 Turk's tprbau in Cpnflantinople than a Cardinal's 
 
 4. When
 
 aS4 APPENDIX. 
 
 4. When old Dioclefian was called from his retreat, 
 ^nd invited to refume the purple, which he had laid 
 <]own fonie years before, " Ah ! (faid he) if you 
 *^' could fee thofe fruits and herbs at Salona, which 
 *^ I cultivate with my own bands, yoii would never 
 ^' talk to me of empire." 
 
 conve;rsation and company. 
 
 I. Dr. Arbuthnot, in his book upon Aliment, 
 tells us, (p. 7.) th^t " in general, whatever be the 
 ilate of the tongue, the fame is that of the inward 
 f ' coat of the Jiomach ;" for which reafon phyficians 
 look at one to difcover the foulnefs of the other. 
 Such propriety is there in that axiom of our Lord, 
 *' Opt of the abundar.ee ,of the h^art the mouth 
 *' fpeakcth." 
 
 %. A man's countenance fbouU be well watched by 
 him who would know hjs mind ; for, in fpite of all 
 endeavours, one will very often be the index of the 
 other. Sec Collier on the Afpe6l : Eflays, ii. 121. 
 
 3. A man's real fentiments often difcover them- 
 fclvcs by ivords fpoken on a fudden, in drink, in 
 ajiger, in pride, in grief. 
 
 4. The decpcft defigns are fometimes made manifcft 
 by deeds of kindnefs done, without a vifible caufe, 
 to a man or to his dependents, fecretly to gain him 
 <)r them from him^. 
 
 5. Wife and rcfervcd men are beft expounded by 
 i:nowing the ends they have in view, as fuch work 
 
 uniforiply
 
 A P P E N D t X. ^S^j 
 
 ttfiiforml jr on a preconcerted plan ; but weak anti 
 iimple persons by iheir natures, becaufe they do many 
 things abfurdly, and without reafon ; as one, wh 
 had been a Pope's nuncio in a certain kingdom, 
 when, upon his return, his opinion was aiked with 
 rfegard to a fucceflbr, gave his advice, " That in. any 
 " cafe his HoHnefs (hould not fend one too wife, 
 " becaufe," faid he, " no wife man would ever 
 " imagine what they in that country were like to 
 da." 
 
 6. You win beft learn a man's weaknefles and faults 
 from his enemies, his virtues and abilities from hi^ 
 friends, his hours and cufloms from his fervants, hia 
 fentiments and opinions from hfis confidents. 
 
 7. It is expedient to have an acquaintance with 
 thofe who have looked into the world, who know 
 men, underftand bufincfs, and can give good intel- 
 ligence and good advice when they are wanted. 
 
 8. Knowledge is to be obtained from fbme men by 
 being free and talkative, which provokes them to 
 be fo too; from others by refervednefs and taci- 
 turnity, which induce therm to truft and depolit their 
 fecrets with us. 
 
 9. In all conferences and negotiations a watchful and 
 prefent wit is neceflary, to promote the main matter, 
 and yet obfcrve incidental circumflances ; as Epic- 
 tetus gives it in precept, that every philofopber 
 ihould fay to himfelf, " I will do this alfo, and yet 
 " go on in my courfe." 
 
 T 10. Of
 
 226 APPENDIX. 
 
 10. Of other men's affairs it may be fometimes ufe- 
 ful to know much, but it is always ncceflary to 
 fay little. ^The emptielt of all characters is a buly- 
 body. 
 
 11. It is difficult to account for the choice which 
 ibme men make of their companions. Lycas, the 
 peripatetic, had a goofe that lived with him, walked 
 with him, attended him upon all occalions, and, 
 when it died, was buried as a brother, with burial 
 philofophic. See ^Elian de Animal, lib. vii. c. 36. 
 
 li. Great abilities and fine accomplifliments arc 
 often concealed under the moft unpromiling ap- 
 pearance; as travellers have obferved, that the 
 mountains which contain within them mines of 
 gold, filver, and precious flones, arc generally 
 barren. 
 
 13. Among the Athenians, the grcateft fcftal plca- 
 fure coniifted in a flow of learned, fprightly and 
 polite convcrfation, as agreeable, in a word, as ufeful 
 and interefting. The Banquet of Plato and that of 
 Xenophon give us a model of the ordinary table- 
 talk of the Athenians ; and it was thus that they 
 prevented the two extremes of licentious mirth and 
 irkfomc wcarinefs, which prelide but too often at 
 mofl long meals. Goguet, xi. 225. 
 
 14. Compliments uttered f)ro forma, by thofe that 
 hate one, bring to mind the ceremonies ufed in 
 Spain, where a captain never corredls his foldier 
 
 a without
 
 A P P N D t X. 18^7 
 
 tVi'thotit firfl aiking his leave, and tlic Inqiiifition 
 never burns a Jew without niaking an apology tcjr 
 hifn. 
 
 15. A man fhould be very well eftablifhed in faith 
 and virtue, who attempts to reclaim a witty and 
 agreeable profligate : otherwife, he may become a 
 convert, inftead of making one. Chapelle, a perfon 
 of this charadler, was met one day in the ftrcet 
 by his friend Boileau, who took the opportunity of 
 mentioning to him his habit of drinking, and the 
 confequenccs of it. Unfortunately, they were juft 
 by a tavern. Chapelle only delired they might ftep 
 in there, and promifed he would liften patiently and 
 attentively. Boileau confented ; and the event wa?, 
 that, about one in the morning, they were carried 
 home, dead drunk, and in feparate coaches. 
 
 " 16. 1 am no niggard according to my ability to im- 
 " part what I know; but it is where I find fbme appe- 
 " tite: otherwife my molt familiarfriends,fomeof them, 
 *' are as ignorant of my notions as any ftranger ; for, if 
 ^' they difcover no ftomach, I ufe not to examine them, 
 " no not to ofler them ; and it would be in vain. 
 " Pauci enim inviti difcunt. Few learn againft their 
 *' will." 'Mede, 811. So again, 815 " I am not 
 " unwilling to communicate to you mofl of my tow, 
 *' [material from to'w or hemp, for ropes] bccaufe I 
 *' perceive you make fomc account of them ; for in the 
 " univerfity where I live, I know not a fecond man 
 *' that underftands any thing concerning fuch myf- 
 *' teries, or defn-es to be made acquainted with them." 
 
 17. I have
 
 28S APPENDIX* 
 
 1 7. 1 have fomewhere met with an obfervatbn, that 
 cotiveWation, in the firrt part of the morning, is like 
 a dnan ; it heats, and hurries, and muddles, and in- 
 capacitates for bufineis, which fhould therefore be 
 entered upon,previoufIy to vifiting and chit-chat, with 
 a mind cahn, and cool, and undifturbcd. 1 believe 
 this is true. 
 
 18. Never Jjyeak, but when you have fbmething to 
 Jay " Wherefore fhouldefl thou run, feeing thoa 
 
 " haii no tidings ?" See BiHiop Butler's excellent 
 fbrraon on the Tongiie. 
 
 COUNCIL. 
 
 I. What Gregory Nazianzen fays of ecclefiaftical 
 Synods, in his tra6i de Dlfferentiis Viice^ is remarkable : 
 Mihi certum ejl deliheratumqv.e^ rmnqiuim pofthac aji-i 
 ferum aiit gnmm temere hiler Je pugrunit'mm [jnai'is 
 interejfe. On this point my relblution is fixed, never 
 again to be prefent at fynods of gccfe and cranes', 
 employed folely in fighting with each other. And 
 fo Procopius, Se rndlius fynodl felicem 'vidjjfe exitum ' 
 That he had never feen good confequences refult front 
 a fynod. 
 
 2.. Wife men, when they meet together in num- 
 bers, fomctimes make foohfh determinations. Montef^' 
 quieu, in his Perfian Letters, fpeaking of the quarre! 
 of Ramus, which obhged the Icgiflature of France 
 to interpofe, fays " It looks as if the heads of the 
 " greatcft men idiotizedy when they meet together/* 
 Letter cix. The truth, perhaps, is, that interefl, 
 
 bafbfiU^
 
 APPENDIX. 289 
 
 bafhfiilnefs, indolence, or fome other caufe, occafions 
 men, who could give the beU opinions, to withhold 
 them, and yield to thofe of others more forward and 
 domineering. See Jortin on the Various Motives by 
 which the feveral Members of an Eccleliaftical Coun- 
 cil may happen to be a6luated. Remarks on Eccl. 
 Hid. ii. 185. 
 
 COURAGE OF DIFFERENT SORTS. 
 
 When Pelopidas was cited to be tried, that valour, 
 which was haughty and intrepid in fight, forfook 
 him before his judges. His air and difcourfe, timid 
 and low, denoted a man who was afraid of death. 
 Contrary behaviour of Epaminondas. 
 
 CRITICISM LITERAL. 
 
 I . " I AM almoft tired of it," faid Mr. Br}'ant to me. 
 May 21, 1785. " It is often employed in removing 
 little inequalities on the furface, when I want to have 
 a Jhaft funk, and the rich ore drawn forth from the 
 mine within." He had been mentioning the new 
 editions of Apollodorus, Virgil, &c. by the Germans, 
 Heyne, &c. May not the fame obfervation be ap- 
 plied to fame of the notes by Lowth, Blayney, and 
 Newcome, on the S S. and to the generality of the 
 various readings amailed by Kennicott ? 
 
 2. Critics, by their feverity, infeft authors, as the 
 African ants do the Negroes ; but like them anfwer 
 one good purpofe, by deftroying all the carrion. 
 
 T CUD-
 
 29* APPENDIX. 
 
 CUDWORTH. 
 
 His Colle6lions for the remaining part of his In- 
 telledtual Syftem, and Daniel's Weeks, in 3 vols, 
 folio, after many adventures and mutilations, were 
 lodged in the Britifh Mufeum. See an account of 
 this matter in Crit. Review for May 1783, p. 391. 
 Sold by Lord Mafham, pillaged by Dodd as Locke's, 
 and thrown into a garret by Davis. The fate of 
 pofthumous writings is treated by Johnfon in one of 
 his papers ; whence he deduces an argument for a 
 man's working up his materials, and publifhing them 
 himfelf ; not collecting in infinitum, and then leaving 
 thofe colle6lions to be employed by the cook of his 
 executor in fingeing a goofe. 
 
 DEATH. 
 
 1. There is fomcthing very affedling in the words 
 fpoken by the gallant Sir Philip Sidney to his brother, 
 juft before his death, occafioned by a wound received 
 in battle " Love my memory, cherifh my friends ; 
 " but, above all, govern your will and afFe6lions by the 
 " will and word of the Creator; in me beholding the 
 " end of this world, with all her vanities." 
 
 1. Saint Aldegonde, a proteftant in the Low Coun- 
 tries, when imprifoned under the Duke of Alva, tells 
 us, that " for three months together he recommended 
 " himfelf to God every night, as if that would be his 
 
 " laft ;
 
 APPENDIX. 29i 
 
 '" laft; the Duke having twice ordered him to be put 
 " to death in prifon." Ought not every man to do 
 this, as no man can be certain he fhall awake on the 
 moiTOW ? Gen. Di(5l. 
 
 3. In the journey of Hfe, as in other journies, it is a 
 pleafing reflciSi'ion, that we have friends who arc 
 thinking of us at home, and who will receive us with 
 joy when our journey is at an end. 
 
 4. The learned Grotius, at the approach of death, 
 would gladly have exchanged all his learning and 
 honour for the plain integrity of one Jean Urick, a 
 devout poor man, who fpent eight hours of his time 
 in devotion, eight in labour, eight in fleep and other 
 refrefhments. Piob ! Vitam pefdidi operose nihil- 
 agendoi Alas ! I have wafted my time in being 
 very bufy and doing nothing. See Doddridge, 
 Fam. Expof. fe^. 14. 
 
 5* We often indulge a melancholy pleafure, in 
 thinking that we fhall be remembered, and regretted, 
 after our death. Hov/ little is to be built on fuch ima- 
 ginations, we may learn from the example of Queen 
 Elizabeth, whOj when fhe had clofed a long and glo- 
 rious reign with her life, " was in four days' time as 
 " much forgotten, as if flie had never exifted, by all 
 " the world, and even by her own fervants." See 
 Carte's Hift. iii. 708. 
 
 6. When Gefner found his laft hour approaching, he 
 gave orders to be carried into hisjiudy, that he might 
 meet death in a place which had been moft agreeable 
 to him all his life. 
 
 T 2 7. When
 
 29t APPENDIX. 
 
 7. When Mr. Pafchal obferved any of his friends fa 
 be afflicted at feeing the licknefs and pain he under- 
 went, he would fay " Do not be fo concerned for 
 " mc. Sickncfs is the natural flate of a Chriflian, be- 
 " caufe by it we are what we ought always to be, 
 " in a flate of fufFering evils, mortified to the pleafures 
 " of fenfe, exempt from all thofe paffions which work 
 " upon us as long as we live, free from ambition or 
 " avarice, and in a conftant expectation of death. 
 " And is it not a great happinefs to be by neceffity 
 " in that ftate one ought to be in, and to have 
 " nothing elfc to do, but humbly and peaceably to 
 " fubmit to it ?" ^This is a noble, a juft, a com- 
 fortable fpeculation ! 
 
 8. It was a faying among the Brachmans, that our 
 life ought to be confidered as a ftate o^ conceptiofi, and 
 death as a hirtb to a true and happy life. This thought 
 feems juft, and capable, on the Chriftian plan, of 
 being improved into a curious and ufeful fpeculation. 
 See Biograph. Di6l. art. Gymnofophijis. 
 
 9. When we rife frefh and vigorous in the morning, 
 he world feems frefh too, and we think we fhall never 
 be tired of bulincfs or pleafure. Bat by that time 
 the evening is come, we find ourfclves heartily fo ; 
 .we quit all its enjoyments readily and gladly ; we 
 retire willingly into a little cell ; we lie down in 
 darknefs, and rcfign ourfclves to the arms of fleep, 
 with perfcfft fatiaf action and complacency. Apply 
 this to youth and old age, life and death. 
 
 10. Apply to the death of an afHicled Chriftian the 
 
 9 beautiful
 
 APPENDIX. 293 
 
 beautiful lines of the poet, on the heartfelt pleafure 
 of finding onefelf at home, after a toilfome journey : 
 
 O quid folutis eft beatius cutis ? 
 Quum mens onus reponit, 2iC peregrino 
 Lahore feffi venimus larem ad no^rum, 
 Defideratoque acquiefcimus ieclo. 
 Hoc eft, quod unum eft pro laboribus tantls. 
 
 1 1 . Youngj healthy, and llrong as we may now be, 
 yet a little while, and we fliall become qualified to 
 join the chorus of the Spartan old men ; 
 
 12. When ficknefs and forrow come upon a Chrif- 
 tian, and order him to prepare for death, he fhould be 
 able to fay in the words of ^neas. 
 
 Nulla mihl nova nunc fades Inoplnaque furgit. 
 Omnia pra;cepi, atque animo mecum ante peregl. 
 
 i^N. lib. vi. 104. 
 
 No terror to my view, 
 No frightful face of danger, can be new. 
 Inur'd to fuffer, and refolv'd to dare, 
 The fates, without my pow'r, fhall be without my care, 
 
 Dryden, 155. 
 
 13. Adeon' rem rediific, ut, qui mihi confultum efle 
 optume velit, patrem extimefcanj, ubi in mentem 
 ejus ADVEN^Ti venit ? Quod ni fuifJem incogitans, 
 ita eum expe6larem ut par fuit 1 Phorm. a6l. i. 
 fc. 3. 
 
 T3 Is
 
 294 APPENDIX. 
 
 - Is it come to this ? 
 
 My father,- Phjedria !-^my bed friend ! that I 
 Should tremble, when I think of his return ! 
 When, had I not been inconfiderate, 
 I, as 'tis meet, might hav? expefted him ! 
 
 COLMAN. 
 
 14. Cum tuba magna fonum dederit, cum venerit hora 
 Judicii, inter oves da mihi, Chrifte, locum. 
 Sis mihi, fis Je/uSj ne me maledi6tio tangat ; 
 Dulcis in aure fonet vox, <' Benedile, veni !'* 
 
 DiETERic. ii. 581, 
 
 15. A Chriftian may fay of death, what Oreftcs, 
 in Sophocles, fays of the report of being dead : 
 
 Ti yaf /z Xi/TTEt T89' QT ov "Koyu 6avavy 
 
 Electra, 59, 
 
 Why fhould this grieve me, that in words I die, 
 "When 1 in deeds am faved, and by them r^is'd 
 To glory i Potter. 
 
 16. They, who have done much, pride themfelved, 
 in a diort epitaph ; they, who have done little, in a 
 long one. v 
 
 17. The different ranks and orders of mankihd may 
 be compared to fo many flreams and rivers of nmning 
 w^ter, All proceed from an original finall and ob- 
 fciire ; fome fpread wider, travel Qver more countries 
 and make more noifc in their pafl[agc, than others ; 
 biit all tend alike to an ocean, where (iii^in6tion ceafes, 
 and where the largcfl and moft celebrated rivers are 
 
 equally
 
 APPENDIX. :2y5 
 
 equally loft and abforbed with the fmallcft and moll 
 unknown ftreams. 
 
 1 8. Tmmatura perl } fed tu felicior annos 
 Vive tuos, conjux optime, vivc meos. 
 
 I died untimely ; happier doom be thine ; 
 Live out thy years, dear hufband ! live out mine. 
 
 19. On viewing the Deanry Houfe^ by Dr. Smithy late Dean 
 of Chejier. 
 
 "Within this pile of mould'ring ftones 
 The Dean hath laid his weaned bones ; 
 In hope to end his days in quiet. 
 Exempt from nonfenfe, noife, and riot ; 
 And pafs, nor teas'd by fool nor knave. 
 From this ftill manfion to his grave. 
 Such there, like richer men's, his lot, 
 To be in four days' time forgot. 
 
 See his Poetic TVorhs and Life. 
 
 20. It is an evil difpolition in fome men to revile and 
 publifh the faults of thofe who are no longer alive to 
 anfwer for themfelvcs. It is the difpofition of vul- 
 tares, jackalls and hyaenas, who prey upon carcalles, 
 and root up the dead. 
 
 DESPAIR. 
 
 The moft tremendous circumftance recorded of 
 that moft dreadful fcourge the plague of Athens is, 
 that the inftant a perfon was feized he was ftruck with 
 defpair, which quite difabled him from attempting 
 his cure. 
 
 T 4 DEVO-
 
 29^ APPENDIX. 
 
 DEVOTION. 
 
 1 . He, who feldom thinks of heaven, is not likely to 
 get thither, as the only way to hit the mark is to keep 
 the eye fixed upon it. 
 
 2. The foldier, faith Xenophon, who firft fer\^es 
 God, and then obeys his captain, may confidently 
 hope to overcome his enemy. The cafe is the fame 
 in fpirituals. 
 
 3. The Veftal Virgins were wont to fpend ten 
 years in learning their religion, ten years in prac* 
 tiling it, and ten years in teaching the young 
 
 Veftals. 
 
 4. He, who hath his thoughts about him, can enjoy 
 
 no bodily pleafure while he thinks his foul is in 
 danger of hell fire. But the reflection that all is 
 right with rcfpe6l to another world doubles every 
 joy we can tafle in this. As Livy tells us of Paulus 
 ^milius, who had vanquifhcd Perfeus, but for a 
 while thought he had loft his fon Scipio iV"^ fmcero 
 gaiidiofrueretur, cura de minor e jil'io Jilmulahat , When 
 his fon returned alive and well, Tunc demwn, recepto 
 fofptte jiliOy vi^ioriiC tanta gaiid'mm conjiil fe7ifit. Lib, 
 xliv. fe6l. 44. His anxiety refpedling his youngeft 
 fon prevented his fatisfacSlion from being complete. 
 But when his fon returned alive and well, then at laft 
 the Con ful opened his mind to the full enjoyment of 
 (b great a victory. The pleafures of fenfe are plea- 
 fures only to the virtuous, and the Chriftian, after all, 
 turns out to be the true epicure. 
 
 ^. Bocrhaave,
 
 A P P E N D I 3r, 197 
 
 5. Boerhaave^ through life, confecrated the fii-ft hour 
 after he rofe in the morning to meditation and prayer; 
 declaring, that from thence he derived vigour and 
 aptitude for bufinefs, together with equanimity under 
 provocations, and a perfect conqueft over his irafci--- 
 ]ble paffions. " The fparks of calumny," he would 
 fay, " will be prefently extincl of themfelves, unlefs 
 " you blow them*; and therefore, in return, he chofe 
 " rather to commend the good qualities of his calum- 
 " niators (if they had any) than to dwell upon the 
 '' bad," Life, p. 53. 
 
 6. To our Saviour and his commands may be ap' 
 plied, with propriety, what Hamlet, in Shakfpeare, 
 fays of the injunctions of his father's ghoft 
 
 -^Remember thee ! 
 
 Yea, from the tabic of my memory 
 
 I'll wipe away all trivial fond records, 
 
 All faws of books, all forms, all prefTures pall. 
 
 That youth and obfervation copied there ; 
 
 And thy commandment all alone fliall live 
 
 Within the book and volume of my brain, 
 
 XJnmixt with bafer matter 
 
 7. To one who knows much of religion, and prac- 
 tifes little, may be applied what Milton fays of Satan 
 perched on the tree of life - 
 
 -Nor on the virtue thought 
 
 Of that live-giving plant, but only us'd 
 
 For profpel, what, well ufcd, had been the pledge 
 
 Of immortality ; fo little knows 
 
 * Spretaexokfcuntj fi Irafcare, ignita vidcntur. 
 
 Any,
 
 298 APPENDIX. 
 
 Any, but God alone, to value right _ 
 
 The good before him, but perverts beft things 
 To worft abufe, or to their raeaneft ufe. 
 
 P. L. iv. 196. 
 
 8. Lord Aftley, before he charged, at the battle of 
 Edgehill, made this fhort prayer " O Lord, thou 
 " knoweft how biify I mult be this day. If I forget 
 ** thee, do not thou forget me !" There were cer- 
 tainly, fays Hume, much longer prayers faid in the 
 parliamentary army ; but I doubt if there was fo 
 good an one. Vol. vii. p. 65. 
 
 9. The divine, who fpends all his time in ftudy, and 
 contemplation on objects ever fo fublime and glorious, 
 while his people are left uninftrudled, acts the fame 
 part the eagle would do, that thould fit all day flaring 
 at the fun, while her young ones were ilarving in the 
 peft. 
 
 10. Dr. Ogden's fecrct for rendering the command- 
 ments eafy is Love. The faying of Madam Che- 
 vreufe is true in the hgheft fenfe. '* Without love, 
 " you can never rely on the heart of a perfbn at a 
 " minute's warning ; you can never infpire it with 
 " that fervor and vivacity fo neccflary in whatever 
 ** you wifh to obtain." 
 
 II. Apply to the Bible thefe two lines of Tibullus ; 
 
 Te fpelem, fuprcma mihi cum venerit hora, 
 Tc teneam moriens deficiente manu! 
 and the following of Pythagoras ; 
 
 TawTa "Kom^ tccz/t' */*> era, TOtrrwv x^rj ffav <jty 
 
 12. Aben
 
 APPENDIX, J99 
 
 1 3. Aben Ezra, on Exod. xxxviii. 8. extols the gene-f 
 rofity of thofe women who devoted to the co!iftru6lion 
 of a holy veflel (the laver) thofe utenfils of felf-lovc 
 (their brazen mirrors) for which the perfons of their 
 (ex have fo great an iViclinationj and who flicwed, by 
 fuch a facrifice, that they preferred the fcrvice of God 
 to the pleafures and vanities of the world. Saurin, 
 Difi: 466. 
 
 Thomas Aquinas s Prayer lefore Study. 
 
 Ineffably wife and good Creator, illuflrious origU 
 nal, true fountain of light and wifdom, vouchfafe to 
 infufe into my underftanding fome ray of thy bright-r 
 pefs, thereby removing that two- fold darknefs under 
 which I was born, of fin and ignorance. 
 
 Thou that makefl the tongues of infants eloquent, 
 inflru^l, I pray thee, my tongue likewife ; and pour 
 upon my lips the grace of thy benedi6tion. 
 
 Give me quicknefs to comprehend, and memory 
 to retain : give me happinefs in expounding, a faci- 
 lity in learning, and a copious eloquence in fpeaking. 
 
 Prepare my entrance on the road of fcience, diredl 
 me in my journey, and bring me fafely to the end 
 of it, even happinefs and glory, in thine eternal 
 kingdom, through Jcfus Chrift our Lord. ^See the 
 Latin. 
 
 DISPX^-
 
 joo. APPENDIX. 
 
 DISPUTATION. 
 
 I. Disputation makes us readjr and expert in 
 uling the knowledge we have, ^jlf' fufficeth not for the 
 acquifition of more. It is exerctfe, but not food. 
 Hill, of R. S. p. 1 8. 
 
 a. It is but too much a cuflom to give ill names to 
 thofe who differ from us in opinion. Dr. Hammond 
 mentions, as a humourous inftance of it, that when 
 a Dutchman's horfe does not go as he would have 
 Iiim, he in great rage calls him an Armman. 
 
 DUELLING. 
 
 From the Will of Colonel Thomas, dated London, 
 September 3, 1783. 
 
 *" I AM now called upon, and, by the rules of what 
 *' is called honour, forced into a perfonal interview 
 " with Col. Gordon. God only can know the event; 
 *^ and into his hands I commit my foul, confcious 
 " only of having done my duty. In theiirft place I 
 " commit my foul to Almighty Grod, in hopes of his 
 ^^ mercy and pardon for the irreligious flep I now (in 
 " compliance with the unwarrantable cufloms of this 
 *' wicked world) put myfelf under the neceiiity of 
 " taking.*' 
 
 ECCLE-
 
 APPENDIX. 301 
 
 ECCLESIASTICUS. 
 
 ^Tnv.hte Sir Edward Bering ufed to fay, " He 
 did not pretend to underftand much of the Bible, 
 but he was furc the gentleman who wrote that book 
 knew the world as well as any man that ever lived 
 in it." Sept. 29, 1782. There is more good lenfe, 
 and are better precepts for the condu6l of life, than 
 in all the morality of the heathen. Dr. Campbell, 
 Biog, Brit. iii. 215. (It is pity but a fmall and fair 
 edition of the Greek were printed for the ufe of 
 fcholars and preachers.) 
 
 ECSTASIES. 
 
 There is a fet of Mahometan heretics, who ex- 
 cufe thcmfelves from going the pilgrimage to Mecca, 
 affirming, that the purity of their fouls, their fub- 
 lime contemplations, &c, (hew them Mecca and Ma- 
 homet's tomb, without ftirring out of their cells. 
 They are called Ebrbuharites. 
 
 EDUCATION. 
 
 I . So important a concern did the right education 
 of children appear to Auguftus Csefar, that, wl^en 
 mailer of the world, he himfelf attended to that of 
 his grandchildren. Nepotes et lit eras, et alia riuli- 
 menta, per fe plerumque docuit : ac ?iihil aeqne laho- 
 ravit, quam ut imitarentur chirographum fuum. Neque 
 
 CiCna-vit
 
 302 APPENDIX. 
 
 Cienav'it una, niftiit imo leSJo affiderent : neque Her fecit, 
 n'tftut vehimJo anteirent, ant circa adeqiiitarent. Sueton. 
 AugLift. 64. Erneft. He hiinfelf inftrudled hisgrand- 
 fons in the rudiments of literature and fcience, and 
 was peculiarly afliduous to teach them to imitate 
 his own hand-writing. They always fupped in his 
 compan}', and were placed on the lowefl: couch ; 
 and on all his journies they either preceded him 
 in another carriage, or rode on horfeback by his 
 fide. 
 
 So in the fame place, with refpe^l to the girls 
 PH'uim & tieptes ita injl'ituit, ut etiam la7iificio ajfue- 
 faceret, vetaretque hqtii ant agere qu'idquam^ ni/i pro- 
 palanty 6f qiiod in diurnos commentarios referretur.' 
 His daughter and grand-daughters by his diredlion 
 were carefully taught to fpin ; and they were habi- 
 tuated to fpeak and acl on all occalions fo openly, 
 that every word and deed might be entered in a 
 journal. 
 
 2.. The Neapolitan jockies break in their colts with 
 fo rough a hand, and fuch want of temper, that 
 the animal's fpirit is quite beaten down : I once faw 
 one thrown down by a brutal fellow, and almoft 
 llranglcd. ^Travels in the Sicilies. 
 3. Such is the force of education and habit, that 
 there is hardly a quaker to be found, young or 
 old, who has not the command of the irafcible 
 paflions. Why can it not be fo with others } 
 
 4, " In the fchools of philofophy anciently, fhvs 
 Goldfinith (i. 3^9.) " were taught the gr^t maxims 
 
 of
 
 APPENDIX. 30^ 
 
 of true policy ; the rules of every kind of duty ; the 
 motiv;ps for a true difcharge of them ; what we owe 
 to our country ; the right ufe of authority ; wherein 
 true courage conlifts*; in a word, the qualities that 
 form the good citizen, ftatefman, and great cap- 
 tain ; and in all thefe Epaminondas excelled,"* 
 See his character there drawn eloquence, know- 
 ledge, modelly knew not what it was to be often- 
 tatious. Spintherus faid of him, " he had never met 
 " with a man, who knew more or fpoke lefs." O that 
 our young ftatefmcn and officers would copy him I 
 Agefdaus, himfelf a gi-cat commander, feeing him 
 paffing at the head of his infantry, after having at- 
 tentively confidered and followed him with his eyes> 
 a long time, could not help crying out, in admira- 
 tion of him, the VJonder-worVing mani 
 
 5. Indulgence, when fliewn in too great a degree bv 
 parents to children, generally meets with a bad re- 
 turn. It feems to awaken a ftrangc malignity in 
 human nature tow^ards thofe who have thus dtj- 
 played an injudicious fondnefs. Children delight in 
 vexing fuch parents. There may be two reafons 
 I. It makes them feel foolifh, to be fo cockered ixndi 
 teafed with kindnefs. 2. It difcovers a wcakncfs, 
 over which they can infult and triumph- Bat what- 
 ever may be the caufe, it furniihes an argument to 
 parents, why they fhould never praclife this beha- 
 viour towards their children. (The late miferies of 
 France arofc under the government of a kind and 
 indulgent monarch.) 
 
 6. We
 
 $34 APPENDIX. 
 
 6. Wc arc all in a itate of education for the king- 
 dom of heaven, in fiatu ^ujyillari, upon earth : the 
 education of our immortal fpirits is our fole bulinefs. 
 For this we are formed in the womb, and pafs through 
 the feveral llages of infancy, youth, and manhood. 
 .Studies of the fchool fit us for manhood; fo man- 
 hood, and the feveral occupations confequent upon 
 it, is a flate of preparation for fomething elfe. 
 Faith and pratlice are the end of wifdom and 
 knowledge, and prepare us for the converfation, 
 fociety and intercourfe of angels, as wifdom and 
 knowledge prepare us for the converfation of men. 
 
 7. Milton's plan of education has more of fhew 
 than value. He does not recommend thofe ftudies to 
 boys, which, as Cicero fays, adolejcent'iam alujit . 
 Inftead of laying a ftrefs on fuch authors as open and 
 enlarge a young underftanding, he prefcribes an 
 early acquaintance with geomctiy and phyfics : but 
 thefe will teach no generous- fentiments, nor incul- 
 cate fuch knowledge as is of ufe at all times and 
 on all occafions. Mathematics and aflronomy do 
 not enter into the proper improvement and ge- 
 neral bulinefs of the mind fuch fciences do not 
 apply to the manners, nor operate upon the clia- 
 racler. They are extraneous and technical. They 
 are ufeful ; but ufeful as the knovv ledge of his 
 art is to the artificer. An excellent writer ob- 
 fervcs, we are perpetually moralifts, but we are 
 geometricians only by chance. Our intercourfe 
 with intellcdual nature is neceflary ; our fpecula- 
 
 tions
 
 APPENDIX- 30s 
 
 lions upon matter are voluntary and at leilure. 
 Phylical knowledge is of fuch rare emergence, that 
 one man niay know another half his life, without 
 beins: aly'e to etlimate his Ikill in hydroftatics or 
 aftronomy- but his moral and prudential cbaracler 
 immediately appears. Thofe authors therefore are 
 to be read at fchools, that fupply Kioft axioms of 
 prudence, moft principles of moral truth, and moft 
 materials for convei'fation ; and thefe purpofes 
 are befl ferved by poets, orators, and hiftorians, 
 (Wharton, 117.) Milton afterwards reafoned better 
 jon this fotge<9:, P. L. viii. 191. 
 
 EIDER. 
 
 Tiiis is a bir<l in Iceland. It lays moil eggs in 
 rainy weather : as foon as the young ones are out 
 of the egg, the mother leads them to the fliorc : 
 when they come to the water fide, fbe takes them 
 iipon her back, and fwims with them for the fpace 
 of a few yards, when (he dives, and the young ones, 
 who are left floating on the water, are obliged to 
 take care of themfelves. So the parent carries chil- 
 dren into the world. Jives, and leaves them to com- 
 bat with its waves. ^^'^an TroiFs Letters. 
 
 ELOQUENCE. 
 
 For the difference between Cicero's eloquence and 
 th^t of fome who ftyled themfelves ^/tJc-, dealing in 
 
 U fliort
 
 3o5 APPENDIX. 
 
 iliort fentences and turns, like Pliny afterwards, fee 
 Middleton's Life of Cicero, iii. 332. Is there not 
 at this time a limilar decline in England from the 
 true, nervous flowing eloquence particularly of the 
 pulpit ? Dr. Blair is the Pl'my, 
 
 EMPLOYMENT. 
 
 1. Employment isthebeflcure for^^nV/"; as Ta* 
 citus tells us of Agricola, that, when he had loft his 
 fbn, in lu6hi helium inter remedla erat he reforted to 
 war as a remedy again ft griet'. In Vita, fe6t. 28. 
 
 2. Cheerfulnefs is the daughter oi employment^ and 
 I have known a man come home in high fpirits from 
 a funeral, merely becaule he had had the manage- 
 ment of it. 
 
 3. Anxiety and melancholy are beft difpcHed and 
 kept at a dillance by employment. On the day be- 
 tore the battle of Pharfalia, Plutarch tells us, when 
 dinner was ended in the camp, while others either 
 went to fleep, or were difquieting their minds witl|. 
 apprehenfions concerning the approaching battle, 
 Brutus employed himfelf in writing till the evening, 
 compofing an epitome of Polybius. 
 
 ENEMIES. 
 
 The ufe to be made of their revilings, &c. is 
 ihus fet forth by bifhop Taylor : " Our enemies 
 perform accidentally the office of friends : they ic\\ 
 
 ua.
 
 APPENDIX. 307- 
 
 US bur faults, with all their deformities and aggra- 
 vations: they offer us affronts, which exercife our 
 patience, and reftrain us from fcandalous crimes, 
 left we become a /corn and reproof to them that hate 
 lis. And it is not the leafl of God's mercies, that 
 he permits enmities among men, by means of which 
 our failings are reproved more fharply, and cor- 
 rected with more fcverity and fimplicity than they 
 would othcrwife be. The gentle hand of a friend 
 is more apt to bind our wounds up, than to probe 
 them and make them fmart." See Life of ChnTt, 
 fol. p. 541. 
 
 ENVY, 
 
 Envy pines at the applaufes which virtue receives, 
 as Plutarch tells us, that when Titus Flaminius, by 
 conquering Philip, had reflored the Grecian cities 
 to their freedom, the acclamations of the people 
 affembled at the celebration of the Mhmian games 
 caufed the crows, as they were flying over the ftage, 
 to drop down dead upon it. In Vita Flamin. 
 
 EPAMINONDAS. 
 
 HIS HUMILITY AND PATRIOTISM. 
 
 PIis enemies, jealous of his glory, with a defign 
 
 to affront him, caufed him to be elected the city 
 
 fc^venger. He accepted the place with thanks, and 
 
 4e9lared, thai inftead of deriving honour from his 
 
 y a office.
 
 3o8 APPENDIX. 
 
 office, he would give it dignity in his turn.-^I dare 
 fay kennels never were fo well fcoured before. 
 
 EVIL. 
 
 ORIGIN OF IT, 
 
 I. Ths philofophers ofoldfaw the world overflow- 
 ed by a torrent of corruption, as the Egyptians be^ 
 held their country every year deluged by the Nile, 
 Both were equally to fcek for the fpring-head and 
 caufe of thefe efFetis. 
 
 3. The ancient philofophers fpeak of man's degene-' 
 racy, with its confequenees, in a much better way 
 than many, who pretend to be friends to reafon 
 and to Chrifl, but are fo to neither, while they 
 make it their bufinefs to extenuate the fall of man, 
 and the corruption introduced thereby into human 
 nature. See fome wonderful citations in Orig. 
 Sacr. iii. 3. 
 
 EULER. 
 
 EuLER lived at Petcrfburgh during the adminiflra- 
 iion of Biron, one of the moft tyrannical minifters 
 that ever breathed. On the philofopher's coming tQ 
 Berlin, after the tyrant's death, the late Queen of 
 Prullia, who could hardly get a word out of him, 
 aiked him the reafon of his filence. " Becaufe/' faid 
 he, '^ I come froiT> a place where if a man fays a word 
 he is hanged.'* 
 
 EUR I-
 
 APPENDIX. 39 
 
 EURIPIDES. 
 
 Many of the Athenians, during their captivity at 
 Syracufe, owed the good ufage they met with to 
 the fcenes of Euripides, which they repeated to their 
 captors, who were extremely fond of them. On their 
 return, they went and faluted that poet as their de- 
 liverer, and informed him of the admirable efFeds 
 wrought in their favour by his verfes. Scarce any 
 circumftance could be more pleaiing and flattering 
 than this teftimony. 
 
 EXERCISE. 
 
 The moft common caufe of fatnefs is too great 
 a quantity of food, and too fmall a quantity of 
 motion ; in plain Englifh, gluttony and lazinefs. I 
 am of opinion, that fpare diet and labour will keep 
 conftitutions, where this difpofltion is ftrongeft, from 
 being fat. You may fee in an army forty thoufand 
 foot foldiers, without a fat man amongft them : and 
 I dare affirm, that by plenty and reft tv/enty of the 
 forty (hall grow fat. Arbuthnot. 
 
 FACTION. 
 
 While a fadtion entertain their old principles, it 
 is folly to fuppofe they will not, when opportunity 
 ferves, return to their old pra(5lices. ^uero^ quid 
 faiun fuiffetis f ^an(juam quid faduri fueriiis non 
 
 U 3 dub'item^
 
 510 APP^NDI2S. 
 
 duhitem, cum videam quid feceritis, Cic. pro LigariO, 
 The fine lady will be the cat flie was, when a moufe 
 runs befove her. 
 
 FAltR 
 
 I. In the affairs of this world, as hiifbandry, trade, 
 &c. men know little and believe much. In the affairs of 
 another world, they would know every thing, and 
 beheve nothing. 
 
 \ a. If we are rationally led, upon elear principles' and 
 good evidence, to believe a point, it is no objection 
 that the point is myftcrious and difficult to be ac- 
 counted for. A man in his fcnfcs will not deny the 
 phenomenon of the harvell moon, becaufe he can- 
 jiot foJve it. 
 
 3. When the Jews attribute the miracles of our 
 Saviour to the power of magic, they prove the fa6ts, 
 without difproving the caufe to which we aferibe 
 them. 
 
 4. Enthufiails require aflurancc, and philofophers 
 will be content with nothing lefs than demonji ration. 
 But how is it in the affairs of common life ? The fol- 
 dier does not afk a demonflration, whether, in the dav 
 ofbattlc, he fliall be crowned with vidlory, or covered 
 with difgrace ; but, fearing the worit, and hoping 
 the beft, he minds his duty : the merchant does not 
 v/ant a demonltration concerning the returns of his 
 trade : the hufbandman cannot promife himfelf a 
 plentiful crop, proportioned to his labour and in-. 
 
 . . duflrv-
 
 A I ^ E N D I X. 3ii 
 
 ^uftry. No man can afllire himfelf that he fhall 
 fee another day : but every one minds his bufinefs 
 as if he knew for certain that he fhould : and he 
 would be thought a downright madman that adled 
 othenvife. 
 
 5. Faith is reckoned for a virtue, and rewarded as 
 fuch, becaufe, though it be an aflent of the under- 
 Handing upon proper evidence, the will hath a great 
 Ihare in facilitating or withholding fuch aflent. For 
 the ftrongeft evidence will be nothing to him who 
 does not enquire diligently after it, judge honeftly 
 and impartially of it without paffion or prejudice, 
 and frequently confider and reflect upon it from 
 time to time through life, that it may produce its 
 fruits, and be a principle of a6lion. Thefe are a6ts 
 of the will, in a man's power to perform or not to 
 perform, and therefore rewardable. On the per- 
 formance or non-peiformancc of thcfe, not on the 
 evidence, which is always the fame, it depends, whe- 
 ther a man fliall believe, or not : and here we mufl: 
 look for the true reafons why one man is a Chrifl:ian^ 
 and another an Infldel. 
 
 6. Rational evidence may fatisfy men's minds of the 
 truth of a doctrine, but it is grace which mufl. bring 
 them to obey and adhere to it, by convincing them of 
 its excellence, by fabduing the deflres and afledlions 
 that militate againft it, and fo improving an htftor'ical 
 into a fav'mg faith. 
 
 7. " Experience (faith Mr. Hume) is our only guide 
 
 U 4 " ia
 
 Ztt APiFENDir. 
 
 *f in matters of fad?" Doth he mean our own' experi- 
 cncfe, or that of others ? If our own, we are to believe 
 nothing but what we ourfclves have feen parallel in- 
 fiances of; if that of others^ we depend for that 
 upon teJi'imon\\ which alone informs US;^ there h^ 
 Been in' paft ages an eflablifhed ordier and courfe 
 of nature, and at certain times a violation or fuf- 
 penfion of them. 
 
 8. There arc many people who cannot fee ; there are 
 more, perhaps, who will not. It is remarked of the 
 elder Scaligcr, that, in* his confutation of Gardan, 
 he would not read the feeond edition of the booE 
 de Suhillitaie, in which were made a great num- 
 ber of corrections, left he fliould be deprived of 
 ra^ny occafions of triumphing over his adverfary. 
 Gen. DiCt. Scaliger. See another inftancein JoncsV 
 Effay, p. 191. 
 
 9. Infidelity is ollen puniilied with credulity. The 
 prediction' of a mad life-guard-m^ra was attended 
 to in- London by tI>ofe who never heeded the pro- 
 phecies of Ilaiah, or Jeren>iah ; and an impudent 
 moimtebank fold a large cargo of pills, which, as he 
 told the people, v/ere excellent agawjl earthquakes. 
 
 10. The deift will" not believe in Revelation till 
 every difficulty can be folved. The atheift will not 
 believe in the being of a God, but upon the fame 
 terms. They mult both die in their unbelief They 
 fliould believe upon fufficient evidence, and trufi 
 God for the red. The atheifl e. /; cannot recon- 
 '3 die
 
 APPENDIX. 313 
 
 cile the notion of a God with the exiftence of evil. 
 But there is fufficient evidence for the exiflence of 
 both. Here let us reft: God has his reafons for 
 pernntting evil, or he would not have permitted it. 
 If he has been pleafed to difcover them in his word, 
 or if we can difcover them by a view of things, well : 
 if not, ftillj reafons there arc ; and what we cannot 
 know now, we fhall know hereafter. 
 
 I i . No child can overfliadow a true Chrifi:ian, but 
 his faith will difcern a ra'mhoijo in it. 
 
 12. Firft Tim. iv, 6. NouriJIjed up in the words of 
 faith. " It is one thing fbi' a man to enlighten 
 his underftanding, toiillhis imagination, and to load 
 his memory ; and another to nour'ij}? his heart with 
 it. A man noiir'ijkes himfelf with it, if he lives upon 
 it ; and he lives upon it, if he changes it into his 
 own fubftance, if he praclife it himfelf, if he render 
 it proper and familiar unto himfelf, fo as to make if 
 the food and noiir'ijhment with which he ought to- 
 feed others." Quefnel, in loc. 
 
 FALSE LEARNING. 
 
 1. Some people rate the modern improvements m 
 religious knowledge by the volumes of metaphylicar 
 fubtiltics written upon the fubje(5l ; as the Emperor 
 Heliogabalus formed an eftimate of the greatnefs of 
 Home, from ten thoufand pound weight of cobwebs 
 which had been found in that city. 
 
 Two
 
 tH A P P E N D t X 
 
 a. Two learned phyficians and a plain honefl coiitt* 
 tryman, happening to meet at an inn, fat down to din-^ 
 ner together. A difpute prefently arofe between the 
 two dodlors, oh the nature of aliment, which proceed'* 
 ed to fuch a height, and was carried on with fo much 
 fury, that it fpoilcd their meal, and they parted ex- 
 tremely indifpofed. The countryman, in the mean 
 time, who underflood not the caufe, though he heard 
 the quarrel, fell heartily to his meat, gave God thanks, 
 digelled it well, returned in the ilrength of it to his 
 honcft labour, and at evening received his wages. 
 Is there not fometimes as much difference between 
 the polemical and practical Chriftian ? 
 
 3. Ariilotle, in his Metaphyfics, difputcs againfl: 
 certain philofophers, who, it feems, held, that a thing 
 might he, and not he, at the fame time. 
 
 4. Many parts of what is called learning refcmble the 
 man's horfc, which had but two faults ; he was hard 
 to catch, and good for nothing when he was caught. 
 See Warton's Preface to Theocritus, p. 1 7. 
 
 Fools Ihall be puU'd 
 
 From wifdom's feat ; thofe baleful unclean birds, 
 1 hofe lazy owls, who, perch'd near fortune's top. 
 Sit only watchful with their heavy wings 
 To cufF down ncw-fledg'd virtues, that would rife 
 To nobler heights, and make the grove harmonious. 
 
 Pierre, of lazy Senatcrsy in Venice Prefer ved. 
 
 5. The fcience called Metaphyfics feems never to 
 have been of fenice to true religion, but only to have 
 
 obfcured
 
 A P P E 1^ D i X. 31$ 
 
 -obfcurcd and darkened its truths, which, under that 
 cover, have often been ftolen away by its enemies. 
 May it not be compared to the mtft, ov fog, defcribed 
 by Homer, as fpread on the tops of the hills 
 
 Tioinzviv an ^j?.w, zt^zittv Se ts vvxto^ afitivv. II. y. 11. 
 
 Swift-gliding mifts the duflcy fields invade, 
 
 To thieves more grateful than the midnight fhade. 
 
 Popl's H- b iii. v. 17, 
 
 6. Superftition often leads to Athcifm. Many Turks 
 arc Epicureans ; and in countries where Popery pre- 
 vails, the ph'ilofophers, as they affect to call themfelvcs, 
 are running apace into Materialifm. When a man 
 lias been cheated by a rogue pretending to honelly, 
 he is apt too haftily to conclude, there is no fuch 
 thing as honefty in the world. 
 
 7. Magic was originally nothing more than the ap- 
 plication of natural philoibphy to the production of 
 furprifing but yet natural effects. Chemifts had 
 opportunities of being beft acquainted with the ele- 
 ments and their operations, and were the grcatcft 
 magicians, and reputed conjurers. 
 
 8. Sir Henry Wotton ordered the following iu- 
 fcription to be put on his monument 
 
 Difpiitattdi pruritus ecclcfmrtim fcabies. 
 The itch of difputation is the bane of the church. 
 
 9. The fame pcrfon being afked, if he thoughts 
 Papift could be faved ? " You may be faved/* replied 
 
 he.
 
 3t6 A P P E N D t X. 
 
 he, " without knowing that." An excellent anl\ver 
 to the queftions of impertinent curiofity in religious 
 matters* 
 
 10. Many perfons fpend fomuch time in criticizing 
 and difputing about the Gofpel, that they have none 
 left for praiftifing it. As if two fick men fhould 
 quarrel about the phrafeology of their phylician's 
 prefcription, and forget to take the medicine. 
 
 11. " Geo. Trapezuntius had a good portion )f the 
 fpirit which prevailed among the learned of his times; 
 proud, conceited, dogmatical, impatient of contra- 
 diclion, and quarrelfome, he contributed, as much 
 as any one, to falfify the maxim of Ovid higemias 
 d'ldic'ijfe, &:c." Biog. Di<5l. See inftance of Laurcn- 
 tius Valle, Valefius, Scioppius, Scaliger, Cardan, 
 and others. 
 
 12. Never (fliy the moderns) were the S S. fo much 
 ftudied, and fo thoroughly explained, as at prefent. 
 So, probably, faid the Pharifees, and dodtors of the 
 law, when they crucified Chrift. Refined criticifms 
 on the facred writings made the moft fafliionable 
 branch of learning among the Jews, in comparifon 
 of which, profane literature was held in great con- 
 tempt, and indeed, by many of their zealots, in great 
 abhorrence. See Jofeph. Antiq. lib. xx. cap. ult. 
 ult. Doddridge i. 317. Our Lord " received not 
 glory from men ;" he never foothed the vanity of 
 great and learned men, in order to obtain their 
 favour. The Jews Jearched the SS. but it was 
 in order to find in them their own fond fancies 
 
 conccrninsT
 
 APPENDIX. 317 
 
 concerning temporal greatnefs, wealth and domi-' 
 nion. 
 
 13. Apply to the contrail between the falutary doc- 
 trines and beautiful imagery of Scripture on the one 
 hand, and the noxious tenets and barren fpeculations 
 of metaphyfical fcepticifm on the other, the following 
 lines of Collins in his Oriental Eclogues' 
 
 Here, where no fprings in murmurs break away. 
 Or mofs-crown'd fountains mitigate the day, 
 In vain ye hope the dear delights to know, 
 Which plains more bleft, or verdant vales bellow j 
 Here rocks alone, and taftelefs fands are found, 
 And faint and fickly winds for ever howl ai'ound. 
 
 Eel. ii. Hatlan's addrcfs to his camels travelling 
 through the burning deferts of the Eaft. 
 
 14. Apply to the cafe of a Chriflian what Pacatius 
 fays of Theodofius,and the treatment he received from 
 Fortune Quemfceptro ^i folio de/t'maverat, nunquam in- 
 dulgent er habuit : fed ut fe-veri patres his qiios ddigunt 
 tri/liores funt, it a ilia te plurimis et difficiilimis reipuh- 
 lica temporihus exercuit, diim aptat imperio. Fortune 
 did not treat with kindnefs the man whom fhe had 
 deilined for the fceptre and the throne: but as fevere 
 parents are mofi: harfh to the children whom mofl 
 they love, fo Ihe prepared him for empire by the trials 
 which flie obliged him to fuftain in the moll difficult 
 fcafon of the republic. 
 
 15. Saurin, after mentioning fomeinfignificantcriti- 
 cifm upon which the commentators enlarge, makes the 
 fpllowing very pertinent obfervation " Such is the 
 
 <' fpirit
 
 3i5 APPENDIX. 
 
 <' fpj'rit of mankind, that they often confidcr flightly 
 *' thofe great truths of the SS. upon whicii our whole 
 *' religion is founded, expatiating into difcuffions 
 *^ upon matters of no relation cither to our duty or 
 *' our happinefs." Difl'. xxi. p. i8i. So again 
 * It is ajnazing to find learned men, who would blufh 
 " to employ but a fpw minutes in (ludying the or- 
 " naments that are moft in fafliion in their own time, 
 " and who have yet the patience to devour immenfe 
 " volumes, tp learn with great exaclnefs thofp of the 
 " reiiiotefl age," xx. 194. SceLa\y's Chriil, Perfecl. 
 on this fubje6l. Sec Saurin, 504. 
 
 16. Metaphyfical fpccnlations are lofty, but frigid ; 
 as Limardi, after afcendigg tp an immenfe height in 
 thp atmofphere, came down covered with icjcles. 
 
 17. Many fine books pf religion and iporality ^re 
 already written. We are eager fo^ more. But if we 
 4tily attended to the Gofpel, fhould we want them ? 
 A finglc fliort direction from God himfelf is au^ 
 thoritative and decifive. A text would fave us the 
 trouble of reading many difl!ertations ; and the time 
 which we thus fpend in learning or rather, perhaps, 
 p-e tending to learn, our duty, might hefpent 'inp-a6lifin^ 
 it. 
 
 FAME. 
 
 Places in the Temple of Fame are a tenure, 
 againrt: which, of all others, quo warrantos are fure 
 to be iilucd, 
 
 FLOWERS
 
 A P P E N D I :^. 319 
 
 FLOWERS PROSCRIBED. 
 
 When the Dutch patriots were rampant in 1787, 
 Jloivers of an orange coloar were profcribcd ; and the 
 officers of juftice were for fome time employed in re- 
 moving anemones and ranuncultifcs from the Hague, 
 Their refloration was foon after efFedted by the 
 Pruffian troops, See Bowdler's Letters, p. 43. 
 
 FORTITUDE. 
 
 I. Frederic the famous Duke of Saxony was 
 playing at chefs in his tent with his coulin and fellow- 
 prifoner the Landgrave of Lithcnberg, when a writ 
 was brought him, figned by the Emperor, for his ex- 
 ecution the next morning, in the light of his wife 
 and children, and the whole city of Wittemberg. 
 Having carefully pcrufed it, he laid it down as a 
 paper of no concern, and faying to the Landgrave, 
 " Coulin, take good heed to your game," returned 
 to his play, and gave him a check-mate. 
 
 a. It is a noble chara<5ler which Afcham gives of 
 the above mentioned Duke " He thinketh no- 
 " thing which he dare not fpeak, and fpeaketh no- 
 *^ thing which he will not do." 
 
 3. Polybius relates, that when the battle was be- 
 gun, which was to decide the fate of the Macedonian 
 empire, Perfeus bafely withdrew to the city Pydne, 
 imder pretence of facrificing to Hercules; '^ a god," 
 fays Plutarcbj " that is not wont to regard the of- 
 * " fcrings
 
 320 APPENDIX. 
 
 " ferings of cowards, or grant fuch requclls as arc 
 " unjuft ; it not being rcafonable, that he, who never 
 *' ihoots, Ihoiild carry away the prize ; that he fhouM 
 " triumph, who fneaks from the battle; or he who 
 *' takes no pains, fhould meet with fiiccefs. To 
 *' Emilius's petition the god Hftened ; for he prayed 
 ^* for victory with his fword in his hand, and was 
 ** fighting at the fame time that he implored the divine 
 ^' afliitance." An excellent hint for the Chriftian 
 foldier to obferve, and improve upon. 
 
 4. " To ftand in fear of the people's ccnfure or 
 *' common talk, may argue a harmlefs and peaceable 
 " mind, but never a brave and truly heroic foul.** 
 Plutarch, 94. 
 
 5. The body's wcaknefs often proves to be the fouFs 
 ftrength, and men are better Chriftians in ficknefs 
 than in health : like the ibldier in Antigonus's army,, 
 who, being naturally weak and fickly, was a very 
 hero, till, out of regard for him, the king put him 
 under the care of his phyficians, who made a cure of 
 him; after which, he never appeared fo fond of dan- 
 ger, or daring m battle, being delivered from that 
 mifery which make life a burden, Plut. m Vit. 
 Pel op. 
 
 6. A general in time of peace, a pilot in a calm, and 
 a clergyman when people are in health, are of very 
 Jittle account. War, ftorm, and ficknefs caufc them 
 all to be fought to and confided in. 
 
 7. A Chriftian is a warrior by his profeflion, and has, 
 through life, a fucceflion of enemies to encounter.
 
 APPENDIX. 321 
 
 Luft attacks him in the days of his youth, ambition 
 difquiets his riper years, and avarice infefts his old 
 age. His condition reminds one of that obfervation 
 of Plutarch concerning the Romans of the firfi: ageg, 
 that " if ever God defigned that men fhould fpend 
 *' their lives in war, they were the men. In their 
 "infancy they had the Carthaginians to contend 
 " with for Sicily ; in their middle age the Gauls for 
 *' Italy itfelf ; and in their old age they were obliged 
 " again to contend with the Carthaginians and Han- 
 " nibal." Vit. Marcell. ad init. 
 
 8. When a Chrillian beholds ficknefs (his laft more 
 efpecially) coming towards him, he fhould addrefs it, 
 as St. Andrew did the Crofs, as that which he had 
 long expelled, and which would convey him to his 
 blefled Mafter, by whofe fufferings it had been fanc- 
 tified. Let us alfo bear in mind, that even on the 
 crofs St. Andrew ceafed not to inltru61: and admonifh 
 thofe around him. The words of a preacher, in fuch 
 circLimflances, never fail to make a deep and lafting 
 impreffion. Ilk vero, cum Crucem enihms intueretur, 
 earn falutavit, hortatufque eji, ut dijclpulum cjus^ qui ei 
 fujffixus fulj[fet, exciperet\ earn ded'icatam et confecratam 
 ejfe Chrifti c'orpori, ejufque memhris^ quaji margaritis, 
 xinmtarn ; diu earn defatigarl ipfum expeia?2do, quem- 
 admodum Chr'tfium magijlrwn expeddjfet ; latum fe ad 
 illam venire^ cujus dejiderio jam d'lu teneretur : ifaque 
 orare, utfe exciperet, ac viagijiro redder et ; ut per illam 
 ipfum Chrijlus reciperet, qui per earn ipfum redemijfet. 
 Cumque vmtum ejfet ad Crucem, prirnum Chrijlum ora- 
 
 X vity
 
 322 APPENDIX. 
 
 vit, delude popiiJum horlatus eji, ut in edfde et reltgmie, 
 qiiam tradidiflet, permaneret. In Cruce vero hiduwn 
 I'ixii, cum inter ea nidhmi Jinem docendi popuJi fecit. - 
 Perionius de Geftis- Apoftolorum. 
 
 He faluted the Crofs when he beheld it afar off, and 
 entreated it to receive him as the difeiple of that 
 Mailer who had himfclf been nailed upon it. He 
 declared that it was dedicated and confecrated to the 
 body of Cbriil, and was more adorned with his limbs 
 than if inlaid with pearls ; that it had long expected 
 him, as it had cxpedled hisMafter Chrift before him; 
 that he had long looked forward to it with impatience, 
 and was now arrived at it with pleafure : wherefore 
 he befought it to receive him, and reftore him to his 
 Mailer ; tliat the fame Crofs, by which he had been 
 redeemed, might be the inltrument of conveying him 
 to his Redeemer. When come to the foot of the 
 Crofs, he firlt prayed to Chrill, and then exhorted the 
 people to remain Headfaft in the faith which he had 
 delivered to them. He lived two days upon the 
 Crofs, and during all that time never ceafed to ad- 
 monifh and inftrucl the people. 
 
 PRETFULNESS. 
 
 The argument urged againll it by the Pfalmiit 
 deferves to be well fixed in our minds ; and indeed, 
 iif it were fo, we fliould need no other. " Fret not 
 ** thyfelf againlt the ungodly, &c. for they fhall foou 
 '^ be cut down like the grafs," &c. Who could 
 
 envy
 
 APPENDIX. 32J 
 
 envy a flower, though ever fo gay and beautiful in its 
 colours, when he faw that the next Uroke of the 
 mower would fwcep it away for ever ? 
 
 GREATNESS. 
 
 A MAN wiflies for it, and cannot be eafy without 
 it : no fooner has he attained his .vvdfh, but you 
 hear him lamenting his hard lot, complaining of 
 cares, and troubles, and viiits ; he has no peace, hot 
 an hour to himfelf; his expenditure is greater than 
 his income, &c. &c. All this is wrong ; he onjy 
 expofes his own weaknefs. He wanted honour and 
 exaltation: he has got them, and muft take theft* 
 neceflary appendages with them. If he thinks pro- 
 per to receive the pay, he (hould not find fault 
 with the duty. The troubles of a llation are deligned 
 as an antidote to {he poifon of its temptations. 
 They humble the pofleflbr, and fncw him to him- 
 felf. They fliould be borne with meeknefs and pa- 
 tience, and made this ufe of. See what Fenelort 
 has faid on the Crofs of Profperity, ii. 143. 155. Alfo 
 ia fermon in Maffillon's Petit Canme, where he (hews 
 a court to be the befl fchool for learning mortifica- 
 tion and felf-denial. 
 
 GRIEF. 
 
 Grief is friiitlefs and unavailable in every cafe 
 but one, viz. fm. We take to it kindly in every 
 jnilance but that. 
 
 X a HAP-
 
 iif APPENDIX. 
 
 HAPPINESS 
 
 ON FIFTY-SIX POUNDS PER ANNUM. 
 
 A CLERGYMAN applied to the Dean of Chrifl- 
 church for the httle vicarage of Blerxldington, then 
 vacant, value, {le cJaro, about 40I. per ann. " Sir,'* 
 faid he, " I maintain a wife and fix children on 
 56 1, per ann. Not that I fhould regard the matter, 
 were the income certain. But when a man confi- 
 ders it may be taken from him any day of the week, 
 he cannot be quite fo eafy." " I will get the living 
 for you, if I can,'* anfwered the Dean ; " but I would 
 not have you raife your expe6lations too high ; be- 
 caufe, if any member of the college will take it, by 
 our rules he muft have it." " O Sir," replied the di- 
 vine, " it would make me the happieft man in the 
 world ! but if I mifs it, I fhall not be unhappy. 
 I never knew what it was to be unhappy for on 
 hour, in my whole life." 
 
 HIGH CHURCH. 
 
 A NAME invented^ according to Mr. Lellie, un- 
 der which the church of England might be abufed 
 with greater feeurity. Such are declared by Steele, 
 in his Crifis, to be worfe than Papifts, and the very 
 oppofite to Proteftants. Lellie, in his Letter from Bar- 
 le-duc, fpeaks of rods and tcfts prepared for the church 
 of England by the Whigs, &c. had they fucceeded in 
 
 Sacheverel's
 
 APPENDIX 325 
 
 Sachcverel's trial ; the intention of which was to 
 make her fwallow her own dung, as they fuid, and 
 objure her do6lrines. 
 
 HISTORY. 
 
 I. History, in general, is an account of what men 
 have done to make each other unhappy. In the 
 hiftory of the prefcnt age, it is a ftriking cir- 
 cumftance, that the hiftorian, amidft a feries of 
 murders and calamities, is glad to relieve himfelf 
 and his reader, by dwelling on fo minute an incK 
 <lnt, of a different kind, as that of the feeds fow|i 
 "by Anfon on the defert ille of Fernandcs, which 
 the Spaniards afterwards found to be grown up ; and 
 the goats, with their cars cut, which ferved to verify 
 the adventures of Selkirk, who, being left upon the 
 Hland, had lived there feveral years. See Age of 
 Louis XIV. ii. 109. 
 
 2,. Lord Chefterfield gives a good dirc(5lion in read- 
 ing hiftory, viz. to rc^d fome fhort general hiftory 
 of a country ; to mark the curious and intercfting 
 periods, fuch as revolutions in the government, reli- 
 gion, laws, &c. then to confult the larger hiftories 
 for full information as to them. 
 
 3. It is well obfer\^ed by Hume, that, in reading hif- 
 tory, trivial incidents, which {hew the manners of the 
 age, arc often more inftru6live as well as entertain- 
 ing, than the great tranft6lions of wars and negpcia- 
 
 X 3 tions,
 
 226 APPENDIX. 
 
 'tions, 'Which are nearly ilmilar in all periods, and iu 
 all 'countries of the world. Vol. w ^6. 
 
 4. Pliftor)', while it inftrudls us, flatters our pride 
 by the manner in which that inftru6lion is con- 
 veyed. For what we learn by precept, we are inr 
 debted to the wifdom and authority of another. 
 The learning obtained from example, is obtained by 
 dedudtions and applications of our own. 
 
 HOBBES. 
 
 " Let us do juflice," fays Bifhop Warburton, 
 " to that great man's memory, at a time his 
 writings feem entirely negle6led; whom with all 
 his errors, and thofe of the mofl dangerous nature, 
 we muft allow to be one of the firfl men of 
 his age, for a bright wit, a deep penetration, 
 and a cultivated underftanding : feveral of whofe 
 uncommon fpeculations, while they remained with 
 him, lay unregarded ; but when taken up by others, 
 of whom we defervedly have a better opinion, 
 
 received their due applaufc and approbation. 
 
 Mr. Locke borrowed and improved many e. g, 
 that liberty belongs not to the will the tinell and 
 moft intricate diflertation in his Efiay, as he confefles 
 to Limborch." Warburton's Mifcell. Tranflations 
 in Profe and Verfe, p. 124, printed 1724, for Barker, 
 with a Latin dedication to Sir Robert Sutton. 
 ^Hobbes was a great favourite with Voltaire : " Vir- 
 tuous
 
 APPENDIX. 327 
 
 tiious citizen ! cnterprifing fpirit the forerunner 
 of Spinofa and of Locke ! It is faid in thy law of 
 nature, ' that every man having a right to all things, 
 every one has a right over the lite of his fellow- 
 creatures.' Is not power here confounded with 
 right :" See Voltaire's Ignorant Philofopher, p. ^^.^ 
 
 HONESTY. 
 
 " Honesty," faith Dr. Rees, in his Di6lionary, 
 " is a plant fuppofed to be poflefled of eminent me- 
 dical virtues ; but it hath the misfortune not to be 
 received into the fiopsT The Do6lor is perfectly 
 grave, but the words admit of a humorous fenfe. 
 
 HOPE. 
 
 When the foul grows weary in her Chriflian courfe, 
 and is ready to faint by the way, (he fhould be refrefli- 
 ed and invigorated by a view of thole heavenly joys, 
 which arc to reward her labours. For fo, when the 
 Carthaginian foldiers were well nigh overcome with 
 the difficulty and danger of the paflage over the 
 Alps, their wife general, from the top of thofe ftu- 
 pendous mountains, whence there was a profpc6l 
 of all Italy, fhewed them the fruitful plains watered 
 by the river Po, to which they were almod come ; 
 and therefore, that they had but one effort more to 
 make, before they arrived at them. He reprefented 
 to them, that a battle or two would put a glorious 
 
 X 4 jxiriod
 
 328 APPENDIX. 
 
 period to their toils, and enrich them for ever, by 
 giving them pofleffion of the capital of the Roman 
 empire. This fpeech, filled with fuch pleafmg 
 hopes, and enforced by the fight of Italy, infpired 
 the deje(5led foldiers with frefh vigour and alacrity 
 to purfue their march. 
 
 HOUND AND FOX. 
 
 A FOX, after a fevere run of thirty miles, hard 
 prefTed by the dogs, leaped, for refuge, into an 
 old coal-pit, followed by one of the foremofl hounds. 
 An intrepid collier, on defcending, found the fox 
 and the dog lying very peaceably together: the 
 cafe, finally, of two controverfialifts. So Lowth and 
 Warburton ; only they leaped upward" n^on the 
 bench, inllead of dowwward into the coal-pit. 
 
 HUMAN FRAME. 
 
 I. Chyle is an emuljion, in making which from 
 the food we take in, the teeth and jaws a(5t as 
 the peftle and mortar; the fpittle, bile, pancreatic 
 juice, &c. are the menftruum, inftead of the water 
 which the chymifl employs ; the flomach and intef- 
 tines are the prefs; and the lacteal veffcls the 
 flraincrs, to feparate the pure emulfion from its faeces, 
 Arbuthnot on Aliment, p. 67. 
 
 g. What mechanifm is that, which can attenuate a 
 
 fluici
 
 A P P E ND I X. 32> 
 
 fluid compounded of the ingredients of human ali- 
 ment, as oil, falts, earth, and water, fo as to make 
 it flow freely through the lymphatic veflels, though 
 fome of them are a hundred times fmaller than the 
 arterial capillaries, ten of which are not equal to one 
 hair ! What mechanifm is that, which from one uni- 
 form juice can extradt all the variety of vegetable 
 juices to be found in plants ; which from fuch va- 
 riety of food as enters the flomach of an animal, 
 can make a fluid very nearly uniform, viz. blood ; 
 and again from that uniform fluid can produce the 
 variety of juices in the animal's body ! Yet all thcie 
 operations are as mechanically and regularly per- 
 formed as corn is ground in a mill, or cyder made 
 from apples in a prefs. 
 
 3. The lacleal vefl!els are the roots of an animal, 
 whereby it draws its nourilhment from the food 
 in the inteftines, as a vegetable does from the 
 mould in which it is fet ; only a vegetable has its 
 root planted without, and an animal within itfclf. 
 A foetus in the womb is nourifhed like a plant, 
 but afterwards by a root planted within itfclf. ^ 
 P. 74. 
 
 4. Some infedls have their wind-pipes on the fur- 
 face of their bodies, and are therefore killed by the 
 contact of oil, not as a poifon, but as it excludes 
 th.e air. Arbuthnot on Air^ p. 115. 
 
 IDLE-
 
 330 APPENDIX. 
 
 IDLENESS. 
 
 1 . An indolent, idle man is a car cafe ; and, if he doc3 
 not take care, the birds of prey (the miniflers of venr 
 gcance) will be at him. In Romney Marfli, when 
 the ravens, hovering on high, and keeping a iharp 
 look-out, fee a flieep turned on his back, fo fat and 
 unwieldy that he cannot recover himfelf, they 
 inftantly Ibufe down upon him, pick out his eyes, 
 and then devour the body, carrying it away pieccr 
 meal, ^s they are able. Perfons are then fet to 
 watch on purpofe to prevent this cataftrophe. r 
 Watch YE! King's Morfels of Criticifm. 
 
 2. Adam worked in Paradife; afterwards in the 
 world. " My Father workcth hitherto' (fays our 
 Lord) and I work." There is probably no abtb- 
 lute idlcncfs, but in hell, and in the refemblances of 
 hell. Ditto, p. 126. 
 
 3. The bufy man, fay the Turks, is troubled with 
 one devil, but the idle man is torrnented with a 
 thoufand. 
 
 4. Idlencfs is the m.ofl: painful lituation of the 
 mind, as flanding fiill^ according to Galen, is of the 
 body. See Brown's Vulgar Errors, iii. i. 
 
 5. The irkfomenefs of being idle is humoroufly 
 hit off by Voltaire's old woman in Candide, who 
 puts it to the j)hiIofophers, ** Which is word, 
 
 to
 
 A P P E N D I :^. 331 
 
 to experience all the miferies through which every 
 one of us hath pafled, or, to uemaix here do- 
 
 ING NOTHING ?" 
 
 6. Bilhbp Cumberland being told by fomc of his 
 friends, that he would wear himfelf out by intenlc 
 application, replied ; " It is better to -wear out than 
 to ruj out." 
 
 7. It wjis an obfervation of Swift, that he never 
 knew any man come to greatnefs and eminence, 
 who lay a-bed in a morning. 
 
 3. The niofl lluggifh of creatures, callpd the Potto, 
 or Sloth, is alfo the moll horrible for its ugiinefs 
 to (hew the deformity of idlenefs, and, if poUiblc, to 
 frighten us from it. 
 
 9, In the mind, as well as the body natural and 
 politic, flagnation is followed by putrefaclion. A 
 want of proper motion docs not breed rcfl and 
 liability; but a motion of another kind; a motion 
 unfeen and inteftine, which does not prcfcrve, but 
 deftroy. 
 
 10. Sloth proceeds from want o( faith or courage, or 
 Jove, 2d Peter, i. 8. j4dd to faith virtue, &c. 
 "Thefe things make you, that you he cvx, dc^-/ov<; not 
 idle and unprofitable. See Whitby in loc. 
 
 II. The following is an admirable obfervation of 
 
 Roufleau, in his ConfeJJkns, b. v. vol. ii. p. 89. 
 
 ' In my opinion, idlcnels is no lefs the peft of 
 
 fociely, than of folitudc. Nothing contrails the 
 
 mind.
 
 332 APPENDIX 
 
 mind, nothing engenders trifles, tales, backbiting^ 
 ilander and falfities, fo much as being fhiit up in ^ 
 room, oppolite each other, reduced to no other oc 
 cupation than the necelTity of continual chatter- 
 ing. When every one is employed, they fpeak 
 only when they have fomething to fay ; but if you 
 pre doing nothing, you muft abfolutely talk in^t 
 ceflantly, and this, of all conftraints, is the moft 
 troublcfome, and the molt dangerous. I dare go 
 even farther, and maintain, that, to render a circle 
 truly agreeable, every one mull be not only doing 
 fomething, but fomething which requires a little 
 attention." 
 
 JEWS. 
 
 Lord Chesterfielp once told Lady Fanny Shir- 
 ley, in a ferious difcourfe they had on the Evidences 
 of Chriftianity, that there was one, which he thought 
 to be invincible, not to be got over by the wit of 
 man, viz. the prefent Jiate of the Jc'i^s a fa6t to be 
 accounted for on no human principle. This anec- 
 dote was related to me by a pcrfon who had it from 
 Lady Fanny hcrfelf, 
 
 INTENTION. 
 
 Intention is the fame in the inner man, as the 
 eye is in the outer. While the eye is clear, it illumi- 
 pates the whole body : each member is perfectly en- 
 lightened 
 
 o
 
 APPENDIX. 333 
 
 lightened for the performance of its functions as if 
 itfelf were an eye. If any humours fuffufe the eye, 
 the whole body is inftantly overwhelmed with dark- 
 nefs. So the iyftem of a man's condu6l by a pure or 
 vitiated intention. The intention is the view in which 
 the acSlion is performed, the aim, as we fay, taken 
 before the pei*formance of it. If the h'ght be dark- 
 ncfs, if that which ought to direcl the a(5lion be itfelf 
 perverted and depraved, how great muft be that 
 depravity ! 
 
 KINGS. 
 
 1. " Before an opera is to be performed at Turin, 
 the King himfelf takes the pains to read it over, and 
 to erafe every line that can admit of an indecent 
 or double meaning. This attention is particularly 
 paid to the theatre, on account of the morals of the 
 Royal family." Mrs. Miller's Letters from Italy, 
 
 i. 200. 
 
 2. Kings honour human nature, when they diflinguifli 
 and reward ihofe who do moft honour to it, and while 
 they give encouragement to thofe fuperior gcniufcs, 
 who employ themfelves in perfe6ting our knowledge, 
 and who devote themfelves to the worfliip of truth. 
 Happy are the fovereigns who themfelves cultivate 
 the fciences ; who think with Cicero, that Roman 
 conful, the deliverer of his country and f ither of 
 eloquence : " Literature is the accomplithment of 
 youth, and the charm of old age. It gives a lufti-e 
 
 to
 
 334 APPENDIX. 
 
 to profperity, and a comfort to adveiTity ; at horn^ 
 and abroad, in travel and in retirement, at all time* 
 and in all places, it is the delight of life." A kingj 
 guided by jufiice, has the univerfe for his temple?, 
 and good men are the prieils that faerifice to him. ^ 
 Critical Eflay on Mach. 
 
 3. Though the mafk of diffimulation fhould for fome 
 lime cover the natural dctbrmity of a Prince, he can- 
 not always keep it on. He muft take it oftfomethnes 
 in order to breathe ; and one fingle opportunity is 
 lumcient to fatisfy the curious. Artifice, then, fliall 
 Teat itfclf in vain on the lips of a Prince. We do not 
 form a judgment of men from their words, but by 
 comparing their actions with them, and with each 
 other. Falfehood and diffimulation can never ftand 
 this tcfl. A man can a6l well no part but his own ; 
 and, to appear to advantage, muft appear in his proper 
 character. Ibid. 
 
 4. Be not thou, then, wicked with the wicked, but 
 be thou virtuous and intrepid among them. Thou 
 wilt make thy people virtuous as thyfelf ; thy neigh- 
 bours will imitate theCj and the wicked tremble.^ 
 Ibid. 
 
 5. Inundations which lay countries walte, lightnings 
 which reduce cities to aflies, the poifon of the plague 
 which difpeoples provinces, are not fo fatal to the 
 Avorld, as the dangerous morals and unruly paffions 
 of kings. Calamities from heaven endure but for a 
 time ; they dcftroy but fome countries ; and thofc 
 lofTcs, though grievous, ai*e retrievable ; but the 
 
 crimci
 
 APPENDIX. 335 
 
 -Crinlcs of kings caufe whole nations to fuffer, from 
 generation to generation. Ibid. 
 
 LANGUAGE (figurative) of the SS. 
 
 Respecting the figurative language of the Scrip- 
 tures, there is this curious and important queftion to 
 be determined Whether God adopted it, becaufe 
 it was the flyle of the eaftern nations ; or it became 
 theftyle of the eaftern nations, becaufe God originally 
 conftituted and employed it ? 
 
 LAWS. 
 
 The obfervation, made by a great cafuift on humart 
 laws, holds much ftronger with regard to divine ones - 
 ' The obedience of that man is much too delicate, 
 who infifts upon knov/ing the reafon of all laws, before 
 he will obey them. The lawgiver muft be fuppofcd 
 to have given his fandtion to the law from the reafon 
 of the thing; but where we cannot difcover the reafon 
 of it, the fatiulion is to be the only realbn of our obedi- 
 ence." Bp, Taylor s Du(9:. Dub. b. iii. c. vi. rule 3. 
 
 LEARNING. 
 
 I. There is no kind of knowledge which, in the 
 hands of the diligent and f^ilful, will not turn to 
 account. Honey exudes from all fiowers, the bit- 
 ter not excepted ; and the bee knows how to ex- 
 tra6^ it. 
 
 2. Cicero s
 
 33^ APPENDIX. 
 
 1. Cicero's apology for the great men of Rome 
 who employed their leifure hours in philofophical 
 difquilitions is worthy notice; fome, it feems, 
 thought fuch employment unworthy of them. 
 " Qiiaji 'vero clarorum vlrorum aut tac'itos congrejfus 
 *'. effe oporteat, aut ludicros fermones, aut rerum coU 
 *' loquia Icviorum, - - - _ ]<sec quidquam aliud W- 
 " dendum ejt tiohis, quos populus Romanus hoc in 
 " gradu colJocavit, niji ne quid frivat'is Jtudiis de 
 " eperd puMicd detfahamus. Quod Ji^ quum fungi 
 ** munere deheamus, operam nojiram minquam a popu- 
 " lari ccctu removemus, quis reprehendet nojlrum ot'tum, 
 " qui in eo non modo nofmetipfos hebefcere et lan- 
 " guere fiolumus, fed etiam ut plurhnis profmus mi- 
 ' t'lmurf'' A.cad. Lucall. fe(9:. 6. As if it were 
 proper for eminent men to remain mute in company, 
 or to confine their converfation to drollery and trifles. 
 Placed as we are by the Roman people in this ele- 
 vated ftation, ur only concern is to take care, that 
 private ftudy never withdraws us from a due atten- 
 tion to the public fervice. But if we are ever ready 
 to perform every duty that we owe to our country, 
 who fhali grudge us an application of our leifure, 
 by which v.e not only refcue ourfelves from indo- 
 lence, but endeavour to produce fruits advantageoas 
 to others ? 
 
 3. There are fome who have too mean an opi- 
 nion of their own abilities, and by fancying them 
 felves to be ufelefs, become ^o, and dare not attempt 
 
 many
 
 APPENDIX. 3-37 
 
 many things, in which they are capable of fuc- 
 ceeding, and which they ought to perform. This 
 behaviour arifcs more from indolence or melan- 
 choly, than from humihty. Jortin's Sermons, 
 iv. 24. 
 
 4. Inventors and proje6lors, however wild and 
 vilionary, often afford matter, which a wife man 
 will know how to qualify and turn to ufe, though 
 they did not. See Account of Settlement in Ame- 
 rica, i. 6^. 
 
 5. Mr. Locke always ufed to fay, " I like your 
 " builders ; for, whether they fucceed or not in con- 
 ^^ flrudling the edifice, they bring together mate- 
 ^^ rials very valuable to a more fkilful archite6l." 
 See Sublime and Beautiful, 92. 
 
 6. An original genius refembles the eagle, who 
 difdains to fhare the plunder of another bird ; and 
 will take up with no prey, but that which he has 
 acquired by his own purfuit. 
 
 7. " I pity unlearned gentlemen in a rainy day," 
 was the ufual faying of Lord Falkland. 
 
 LIGHT AND LOVE. 
 
 Light is the great fburce of blefling in the na- 
 tural world, Jove in the moral. The excellencies of 
 both are united in the Divine Nature : God is lights 
 and God is love. A llavifh and fuperftitious fear of 
 
 Y God
 
 33^ APPENDIX. 
 
 God proceeds, therefore, from a mifupprchenfion of 
 him ; as when the difciples faw Jefus walking upon 
 the fca, and knew not who it was, they were feared 
 with the appearance; and therefore our Lord, to 
 take off their fc.ir, only made himfclf better known 
 to them : // is I, fays he, h not afraid. See Nor- 
 ris's Sefmoris, xi. 194. 
 
 LOKMAN, 
 
 I. Tjie famous oriental philofopher Lokniarr, while 
 a flave, being prefented by his mailer with a bitter 
 melon, immediately ate it all. How was it poffible, 
 iaid his mafler, for you to eat to naufeous a fruit ? 
 liokman replied, " I have received fo many favours 
 *^ from you, that it is no wonder I fhould once in my 
 "life eat a- bitter melon from your hand." This 
 generous anfwer of the flave ftruek the mafter to 
 fuch a degree, that he immediately gave him his 
 liberty. ^With fuch fentiments fhould man receive 
 his portion of lufFerings at the hand of God. 
 
 2,. The fame Lokman, being informed by angels (as 
 the legend goes) tliat God would make him a mo- 
 narch, replied " If he would grant me liberty to 
 " choofe my- condition of Hfe, I had rather continue 
 *' in my prefent ftate, and be kept from offending 
 " him : otherwife all the grandeur and fplendor of 
 *' the w^orld would be troublefome to me." 
 
 " Speak the truth ;" (faid the fame philofopher) 
 
 " keep 
 
 5
 
 A P P EN D I X. 339 
 
 *' keep your word ; and intermeddle not in affairs 
 \vhich do not concern you." 
 
 '^ Be a learned man, a difciple of the learned, 
 *' or an auditor of the learned ; at leaft be a lover of 
 *' knowledge, and defirous of improvement." 
 
 LYNCH (Dean.) 
 
 He was a conltant preacher through life, either 
 at the cathedral, one of his livings, or at Grove, 
 his family eftate ; in fhort, wherever he happened 
 to be. Of his charities a judgment may be forme4 
 from the following circumftance. His fon was fent 
 for by the citizens of Canterbury', and ehofen bur- 
 gefs, without a fliilling expence : " Sir," (faid the 
 poorer freemen, litting Ibber in their houfes when he 
 went round to thank them) " you had a right to 
 *' command our votes ; jour father fed us, and your 
 *' mother clothed usT Communicated to me by Dr. 
 Beauvoir, who went round with him. The Dean 
 never forgot any thing once treafured up in his 
 memory. 
 
 MACDONALD (FIugh). 
 
 The world tempts and difappoints; it excites de- 
 fires after happinefs, but fatisfies them not. The cafe 
 of its votaries too much refembles that of the perfidi- 
 ous rebel, Hugh Macdonald, mentioned by Dr. John- 
 fon in his Journey to the Hebrides, p. 167, who was 
 ferved with a plentiful meal of fait meat; and when 
 y a thiift
 
 340 
 
 A P P E N b I 3C. 
 
 thirft made him clamorous for drink, a cup was let 
 down to him in the dungeon, which, on lifting the 
 cover, he found to be empty! 
 
 MACHIAVEL's OBSERVATION. 
 
 It is obfervablc, that Machiavel employs a whole 
 chapter dcfigncdly, to prove, that revolutions in Hates 
 are often prefaged by prodigies, the caufes of which 
 h^ profefleth himfelf unable toaffign; unlefs they may 
 be attributed to fome fpirits and intelligences in the 
 air, which give the world notice of fuch things to 
 come. See Machiav. Difput. 1. i. c. ^6. 
 
 MAHOMET VIEWING DAMASCUS. 
 
 The Arabian falfe prophet, viewing the delicious 
 and pleafurable fituation of Damafcus, would not 
 enter that city, but turned away from it with this ex- 
 clamation, " There is but one paradife for man ; and I 
 am determined to have mine in the other world.*' 
 Mutatis mutandis, how becoming this for a Chriftian 
 in time of temptation ! See Maundrcll, p. 121. 
 
 MARRIAGE. 
 
 1. Vincent LE Blanc, in hisTravels, p. 386, tells 
 us, that in three inftanees, within his own knowledge, 
 in emerald difcovercd the incontinency of its wearer, 
 by breaking, when Vrorn in a ring upon the finger. 
 
 " Such
 
 APPENDIX. 341 
 
 " Such (fays he) is the virtue of this ftone, if it be 
 '^ good and fine, and of the old mine." It is a pity 
 but that there was an emerald of the old m'me in 
 every wedding ring. 
 
 a. When the fubjcdl of catechifing was before the fy- 
 nod of Dort, one of the Svvifs deputies told the fynod, 
 that the cuftom in his country was, for all parties in- 
 tending matrimony to appear before their minifter, 
 who examined them as to their proficiency in their 
 catechifm, having power to defer the marriage till 
 it was fuch as he could approve. " I was much af- 
 " felted to this courfe (fays Hales) when I heard it ; 
 ^' and the fynod ihall be ill advifed, if they make no 
 " life of it." Letters to 3ir P. Carleton, p. 1 1. 
 
 MEMORY. 
 
 One confiderablc' ftep towards remembering things 
 worth remembrance is to forget things which are 
 not fo. 
 
 METHODISTS. 
 
 I. A FRIEND of mine having af)ced a lady of piety 
 and judgment her opinion of a Methodift teacher ; 
 " He will foon (faid fhe) by great humility become the 
 " head of a fe6l, and damn all the reft of the world 
 *' in the very fpirit of charity." 
 
 2,. The fcriptures mention an ajfurance of faith, 
 which our church, in her homilies, calls " a fure truft 
 *' and confidence that our fins are forgiven," &c. The 
 methodiftical afilirance is an internal feeling, an af- 
 
 Y 3 furanoe
 
 342 APPENDIX 
 
 furance offmfe. "Now faith 3,nd fenfe arc quite diffe- 
 rent things. In the one cafe, the alTurance is an in- 
 ference drawn from the divine promifes applied tcp 
 ourfelves ; in the other, it is an immediate ODcration 
 of the fpirit, a kind of revelation made nobody knows 
 how, and of which we have no evidence but the per- 
 son's own allertion. 
 
 3. An ingenious French author (Bourfault), fpeak- 
 ing of the humility ofFriars, and the manner in which 
 it is made to ferve their intereft, fays, they are like 
 pitchers, which ^00^ only in order to get Ji lied. 
 
 MIDDLETON (Dr.) 
 
 *' My attention to the claffics (fays Middleton) h?^ 
 made me very fqueamith in my Chriftian fludies." The 
 Dodlor feems to have been in the cafe of the comet 
 mentioned by Dr. Zach, p. 6 of a paper delivered to 
 'the Univei'fity of Oxford, when he was admitted tt> 
 a degree there, in Feb. 1786. " The retardation of 
 " the comet, compared to its period, may clearly be 
 *' put to the account of the attradlion and perturba- 
 " tion he has undergone in the region of Jupiter and 
 " Saturn." 
 
 Middleton and Hoadley. 
 
 There was a very fcarce book fuppofcd to be 
 written with force againft miracles. Middleton had 
 long fearched for it in vain. Hoadley was in pof- 
 feflion ofacopy, and furnithed him with it. "You 
 *^ are a wicked man (faid he) and will make a bad 
 ** u(c of it. Perhaps /ought not to give it you. But 
 
 there
 
 APPENDIX. 343 
 
 there take it, and do your worft." This anecdote 
 is in the Bodleian library, as I have been informed by 
 a friend. 
 
 MINISTRY. 
 
 1. Some make the difchargc of the Chriftian mini- 
 ilry to confift in aflerting the rights of the church, and 
 the dignity of their function ; others in a ftrenuous 
 oppofition to the prevailing fedlarics, and a zealous 
 attachment to the eftablithed church government ; a 
 third fort in examining the fpeculative points and 
 myftical parts of religion ; few, in the mean time, con- 
 iidcring either in what the true dignity of the mini- 
 fterial charadler confifts ; or the only end for which 
 church government was at all ellablifhcd; or the 
 practical influence, which can alone make fpeculative 
 points worth cvir attention the reformation of the 
 lives of men, and the promotion of their truefl: hap- 
 pinefs here and hereafter. Gilpin's Life, p. i6o. 
 
 2. " I hope my younger brethren in the miniftry 
 will pardon me," fays Dr. Doddridge, " if I entreat 
 their particular attention to this admonition not to 
 give the main part of their time to the cur'iofttles of 
 learning, and only a few fragments of it to their great 
 work, the cure of fouls \ left they fee caufe, in their 
 laft moments, to adopt the words of dying Grotius, 
 perhaps with much greater propriety than he could 
 ufe them Frohl viiam perdldi ope rose nihil agejuio!'* 
 Fam. Expof feci. 14. The Do6lor does not refer to 
 his authority for this anecdote : but his admonition 
 
 Y4 is
 
 344 APPENDIX. 
 
 is moft excellent. See the whole Improvement. See 
 p. 103, where another anecdote is mentioned of 
 Grotius, but the author, from whom I took it, did 
 net cite his authority. On the fubjed of the above 
 admonition of Doddridge, fee Norris's Conduct of 
 Human Life. See Doddridge's Sermons and Trails, 
 i. 264, Quefnel on Tit. iii. 9. a proper text for 
 a fermon on the fubje6l. 
 
 3. It often happens to the teachers of philofophy 
 and religion, as it did to Dr. Solander on the moun- 
 tain. " You muft keep moving," (fays the Do6lor) 
 " at all events. Whoever fits down will fleep, and 
 *^ whoever fleeps will wake no more." Yet he 
 himfelf was the firft who found the incHnation, 
 againft which he had warned others, to be irre- 
 liftible, and infifted upon being fuffcred to take a 
 nap, though he had juft told the company, that to 
 ileep was to perifh. See Hawkefworth, i. 48. 
 
 4. " Reafon ought to diredl us (fays Loixl C), 
 but it feldom does. And he who addrcfles himfelf 
 lingly to another man's reafon, without endeavour- 
 ing to engage his heart in his interefi: alfo, is no 
 more likely to fucceed, than a man who fhould ap- 
 ply only to a king's nominal minifler, and neglc6l 
 his favourite.'''' Thq illuflration is juft and beauti- 
 ful ; and the obfervation deferves the notice of 
 every one, whofc employment it is to win men 
 to faith and righteoufncfs. Dry reafoning, though 
 ever fo folid, Vv'ill not do alone. Sec Letters, II. 
 54. cxxix. 
 
 5. Apply
 
 APPENDIX. 34J 
 
 5. Apply to a faithful and vigilant clergy 
 
 _ * - - Nunquam, cuilodibus illls, 
 No^lurnum ftabulis furem, incurfufque luporum, 
 Aut impacatos a tergo horrebis Iberos. 
 
 Georg. iii. 406. 
 
 _ - - _ Who for the fold's relief 
 Will profecute with cries the nightly thief, 
 Repulfe the prowling wolf, and hold at bay 
 The mountain robbers ruflung to the prey. 
 
 Dryden, 6.5. 
 
 6. Original corruption appears in as many differ- 
 ent fhapes as the fabulous Proteus of the ancients, 
 while it exerts itfelf in the different paffions of finful 
 men, transforming them, for the time, into various 
 kinds ofbcafcs. 
 
 Turn variae illudent fpecles atque ora ferarum, 
 Flet enlm fubito fus horridus, atraque tigris, 
 Squamofu(ique draco, et fulva cervice lesena ; 
 Sed quanto ille magis formas fe vertet in omnes, 
 T.anto, nate, magis contende tenacia vincla. 
 
 Various forms affume, to cheat thy fight, 
 And with vain images of beads affright. 
 With foamy tuflcs will feem a briftly boar, 
 Or imitate the lion's angry roar; 
 J3ut thou, the more he varies forms, beware 
 To ftrain his fetters with a ftrifter cajre. 
 
 Dryden, 587. 
 
 So fpeaks Wifdom to her children, as well as 
 il!yrene to her fpn Arifteus, Gcor^. iv. 411. To 
 
 accomplifh
 
 34<> APPENDIX. 
 
 accomplifh this work happily, celeftial influences arc 
 neceflary, which are conferred in one cafe, no lefs 
 than in the other : 
 
 Haec ait, et liquidum ambrofix diffundit odorem, 
 Quo totum nati corpus perduxit j at illi 
 Dulcis compofitis fpiravit crinibus aura, 
 Atque habilis membris venit vigor. 
 
 This faid, with nelar flie her fon anoints, 
 Infufing vigour through his mortal joints : 
 Down from his head the Uquid odours ran ; 
 He breath'd of heav'n, and look'd above a man. 
 
 Dryden, 599. 
 
 *j. With regard to men's principles, we fhoiiM 
 always put the befl conftru61:ion on dubious cafes, 
 and treat thofe as friends to Chriftianity, who are 
 not avowed and declared enmes. By ^Q> doing, wc 
 may perhaps fave a perfbn from really apoftatiiing ; 
 his doubts and prejudices may be overcome; and 
 what was wanting in him may be perfc6ted. Bat if 
 we fuppofe and treat him as an enemy, we take a 
 ready way to make him one, though he were not 
 fuch before. Befidcs that the addition of a new 
 name, efpccially if it be a name of eminence, to 
 the catalogue of infidels ftrengthens that party, and 
 weakens the faith of many, who build it on autho- 
 rity. " He that is not againfl: us, is on our j)art.'* 
 Mark ix. 40. Sec Doddridge in loc: and fee Life 
 of Sir Thomas Brown, by Johnfon, ad fin. 
 
 8. Happy the miniftcr, whofc days are fpent in 
 
 teaching
 
 APPENDIX. 347 
 
 teaching heavenly truths ; his nights in acquiring 
 the knowledge of them, by ftudy and devotion! 
 
 Et quantum longis carpent armenta diebus, 
 Exigua tantum gelidus ros notte reponlt. 
 
 Georg. li. 20I, 
 
 9. The ncceflity of a kind and gentle manner, 
 in him who inftiu^ls or reproves another, and the 
 fad efFe6l of a contrary temper, are well fet forth by 
 Jerome. Nihil eft fee Jius fr^cce.ptore furiofo, qui, cum 
 deheat ejfe manjueius et hwiiilis ad omnes, diverfo torvo 
 'vultu, trementihus lahi'is, effrejiat'is convifiis, cJamore 
 ^erjlrepitat : erranles no7i tarn ad honum retrahtt, quam 
 adiiialwn fud f^it'id pracip'itat. Cited by Dieterich, 
 i. '>i2)' Nothing is more unfcemly than a paffionate 
 inftrudlor ; who, when he ought to be an example 
 of gentlenefs and humility to all, is diftinguifhed 
 on the contrary by fierce looks, trembling lips, in- 
 temperate noife, and unbridled revilings. Such a 
 man does not by perfuafion recal to righteoufnefs 
 thofe who wander, but by harllmefs precipitates them 
 into evil. 
 
 , 10. A Chriftian (a minifter cfpecially) Ihould live 
 and a6l with that difpohtion for which George 
 Grenville is celebrated by E. Burke. " He took 
 " public bufinefs, not as a duty which he was to 
 *' fulfil, but as a plcafure he was to enjoy ; and 
 *' he feemcd to have no delight out of this houfe, 
 " except in fuch things as fome way related to the 
 " bufinefs that was to be done within it." Speech, 25. 
 The fentence preceding ijs " With a mafculine 
 
 " under-
 
 34^ APPENDIX. 
 
 *' undcrilanding and a ftout and refolute heart, he had 
 " an. application undiffipated and unwearied." 
 
 II. Mrs; Siddons, the famous adtrefs, . receiving 
 many invitations to the hgufes of the great and opu- 
 lent, excufed hcrfelf from accepting any of them, be- 
 caufe her time was due to the pubhc, that flie might 
 prepare herfelf in the moft perfecil manner to appear be- 
 fore them^ for their entertainment. When a clergy- 
 man is invited to fpend his hours at card-plaKing or 
 chit-chat meetings, has he not an apology to make of 
 the fame kind, but of a more important and intereft- 
 ing nature ? And if he be deficient in the duties of 
 }jis profeflion for want of fo cxcufing himfelf, wiM 
 not Mrs. Siddons rife up in jadgment againil him, 
 iand condemn biin \ 
 
 MOULTING. 
 
 The heathen philofophcrs allowed human nature 
 to be fallen from original rectitude, and funk into 
 a weak, drooping, antl fickly ftate, wdiich they called 
 ^T5poppii)?o-/$-, the moulting of the foul's wings. A juft 
 and beautiful image; the old feathers drop off, to 
 make way for a new plumage. 
 
 MUSIC. 
 
 Whe?i Agamemnon fet out for Troy, Hom^r 
 tells us, he committed his wife to the care of a muf\- 
 clan^ as the beft of guardians and preceptors. Nor 
 could the adulterer yEg\fthus fcduce her, till he h^l 
 
 taken
 
 A P P E N D I IC, 34^ 
 
 taken off the mulician, ^vho^e inftru6lion, while he 
 lived, kept the princefs in the path of virtue.^ 
 OdyfT. iii. 267. How different, in thole days, muft 
 the charadler of a mufician, and the ufe of mufici 
 have been, from their chara6ter and life at prcfent I 
 
 NATURE. 
 
 I. Mary Magdalene, like the Heliotrope, followed 
 the fun of righteoufnefs in his diurnal courfe. She 
 attended him to his evening retreat, and met his 
 riling lulire in the morning. 
 
 But one, the lofty follower of the fun. 
 Sad, when he fets, fhuts up her yellow leaves, 
 Drooping all night ; and, when he warm returns. 
 Points her enamour 'd bofom to his ray. 
 
 Thomson K 
 
 1. The mind that has been fubjedl to the fires 
 of wanton nefs, becomes, like wood burnt to char- 
 coal, apt upon every occafion to kindle and burn 
 again. 
 
 3. A bone that is calcined fo as the leaft force will 
 cnimble it, being immerfed in oil, will grow firm 
 again. Thus, in the figurative language of Scrip- 
 ture, the bones which by forrow and affli(9:ion for 
 fin are " burnt up as it were a firebrand," by par- 
 don and grace are reflored to their flrength^ " flou 
 " rifh, and are made fat." 
 
 * JSee Evelyn's Syha, p. 37, which fugge (led the thought. 
 
 4. Some
 
 3SO APPENDIX. 
 
 4. Some pcrfons, who have a great deal of (liarp 
 and pungent latire in their tempers, do not difcover 
 it unlefs they are highly provoked ; as in tl>e evapo- 
 ration of human blood by a gentle fire the fait will 
 not rife. 
 
 5. Eels, for want of exercife, are fat and llimy. 
 For this reafon, perhaps, fifh without fins and fcales 
 wre forbidden the Ifraelites ; and the neceflity of 
 exercife, both for the body and the mind, might be 
 the moral intended. 
 
 6. Stall-fed oxen, crammed fowls, and high-feed- 
 ing Chriftians, are often difeafed in their livers. No 
 animal can be wholelbme food, that does not ufe ex- 
 ercife. See Buchan. 
 
 7. The rule which phyficians lay down for nurfeS 
 had been a good one for the fanatical holdcrs-forth 
 in the laft century, viz. never to give fuck after 
 fafting : the milk, in fuch cafe, having an acef- 
 cency very prejudicial to the conftitution of the 
 recipient. 
 
 8. Had man perfevered in innocence, none of 
 the creatures would have hurt him, and it is pofli- 
 ble all mig-ht have miniflered to him in one vvav 
 Of other ; as, upon occafion, the ravens were made 
 to do to the prophet. 
 
 9. It was the faying of a great general, that 
 there fhould be ibme time between a foldier's dif- 
 miffion and his death ; and it has been obferved 
 of the moft furious polemical writers, as Bellarmine, 
 and others, that they have (pent the latter, part of 
 
 their
 
 APPENDIX. 2S% 
 
 their lives in pious meditation. Thus huntfmen tell 
 lis, that a fox, when efcuped from the dogs, after a 
 hard chace, always walks himfelf cool, before he 
 earths. See Floyer and Baynard on Cold Baths, 
 p. 328. 
 
 10. Providence hath afforded us an unufual and 
 fpecial inftance of the brevity of life in the Ephe- 
 nieron, whofe duration is from fix in the evening 
 till eleven. At the beginning of its life it fheds its 
 coat, apd fpends the reft of its fhort time in frilking 
 over the waters, on which the female drops her eggs, 
 and the male his fperm to impregnate them. Hav- 
 ing thus fcrvcd their generation, and provided for 
 the continuance of the fpecies, they die and are 
 turned again to their duft : and all this in five or 
 iix hours. 
 
 - - - - Here, fond man. 
 Behold thy pidur'd life ! 
 
 Vide SwAMMERDAM, Ephem. Vit. 
 
 11. Noxious creatures, in proportion as they are 
 fo, teach us care, diligence and wit : weafcls, kit;es, 
 &c. induce us to watchfulnefs ; thifdes and moles, 
 to good hufbandry ; lice oblige us to cleanlinefs 
 in our bodies; fpiders, in our houfes; and the moth, 
 in our clothes. Things often become hurtful, not 
 of necefTity, but by accident, through our own negli- 
 gence or miflake. Let this be 'applied, in the moral 
 world, to the concerns of our fouls, and of the 
 
 church. 
 
 1 2. 'There
 
 552 APPENDIX. 
 
 12. There are men whom nothing but hell fire 
 fiafliins: in the'r faces can roufe from fin and fen- 
 fuality ; as I have fecn a fellow driving a fat boar, 
 with a lantern and a bundle of flraWj to burn a 
 W'ifp under his nofe, a? often as he lay down in the 
 mire : when he feels his beard finged, he gets up, 
 and goes forward. 
 
 13. After having compofcd and delivered a fer- 
 mon, I have often thought of, and repciited, the fol- 
 lowing lines of Thomfon-^ 
 
 Be gracious, Heav'n ! for now laborious man 
 
 Has done his part. Ye foft'ring breezes, blow ! 
 
 Ye foftening dews, ye tender fhow'rSj defcend ! 
 
 And temper all, thou worid-reviTing fun. 
 
 Into the perfect year 1 
 
 Spring, ver. 48. 
 
 14. A faithful paftor, when leaving a flock, of 
 whom he had long had the care, might exclaim in 
 thefe words of Eve in Milton, fpoken on being told 
 that flie muft quit Eden 
 
 - . - ^ - O flow'rs. 
 
 My early vifitation and my lafl 
 
 At ev'n, which I bred up with tender hand 
 
 From the firft op'ning bud, and gave you names, 
 
 "Who now fliall rear you to the fun, or rank 
 
 Your tribes, and a ater from th' ambrofial fount ? 
 
 15. The reproaches of an enemy oltcn ferve to 
 quicken a man in his Chriftian courfe, as in Si- 
 beria they join a large dog to a rein deer in their 
 
 4 fledges.
 
 A ^ t E N D I X. 3^3 
 
 Hedges, that the latter may be urged on by the 
 bark of the former. See Travels of the Jcfiiits, 
 by Lokman, ii. p. 15 j. 
 
 16. The manner in which man refe'mbles his 
 Maker is thus defcribed by an ancient Bramin : 
 " Figure t6 yourfelf a million of large vciTels quite 
 filled with watef, on which the fun darts his lumi- 
 nous rays. This beautiful planet, though tingle in 
 its kind, multiplies itfelf in fome meafure, and paints 
 itfelf totally, in a moment, on each of thefe veflels, 
 ^o that a very pcrfe6l rcfcmblance of it is feen in 
 them all. Now our bodies are thefe veflels filled 
 with water ; the fun is the image of the Supreme 
 Being ; and the figure of the fun, painted on each 
 of thefe vcflcls, is a natural reprefentation enough 
 of the human foul, created after the image of God 
 himfelf." Ibid. p. 148. 
 
 17. The paffions, when in thfemoft violent agita- 
 tion, may be allayed by the confideration of hell' 
 torments; as wine, when it ferments, ready to 
 burfl the hoops of its vefTel, is calmed and quieted 
 at once by the application of a match dipped in 
 fdlphnr. 
 
 18. The Chinefe phyficians never prefcribe bleed-^ 
 ing, but allay the heat of the blood by abftinence, 
 diet, and cooling herbs ; faying, that if the pot boil 
 too faft, it is better to fubduCt the fuel, than Jade 
 out the water. 
 
 19. Pcrfecution is contrary to the very nature 
 
 Z and
 
 354 APPENDIX. 
 
 and defign of religion, which is to efFe6l the coit- 
 verfion of the foul without hurting the body ; as 
 lightning injures not the fcabbard, when it melti 
 the fword, 
 
 20. Vicious examples are moft noxious when fet 
 off and reconiiTKincled by the charms of oratory, or 
 poetry ; as fomc poifonous plants growing on a 
 mountain in China are faid to kill only when they 
 are in fio'ujer. 
 
 11 4 Naturalifts tell us of harts and hinds, that, 
 in croffing a piece of water, the hart, as the flrongeft^. 
 fwimmcth firft, to break the force of the ftream,. 
 and the hind, as being weaker, fblfowcth reclining 
 her head on his back. Woman is the weaker veflely 
 and ilandeth in need of man to be her conduclor 
 through life \ that, imder his guidance, fhe may 
 iTem the torrent of the world, and reach, in fafety, 
 the fhore of eternity. " Let her be as the loving 
 ^ hind, and pleafant roe," and let lier welfare and 
 fecnrity be equally attended to by her h-uiband. 
 
 22. Hufbandmen are careful continually to ftir 
 and loofen the earth about the roots of plants.. 
 Otherwife it grows dry and hard, and minifters no 
 nutriment. The mind will do the fame unlcfs 
 exercifed, and will ftarve the virtuous principles 
 planted in it. Our Lord applies this,, in the parable 
 of the fig-tree " I will dig about it." 
 
 . Eft etiam ille labor curandis vitlbus alter, 
 Cui nunquam exhaufti fatis elL Nam que omne quotanni*^ 
 
 Tcrque
 
 APPENDIX. ill 
 
 Terque quaterque folum fcindendum, glebaque verfis 
 
 :^ternum frangenda bidentibus. 
 
 Georg. li. 397* 
 
 To drefs thy vines new labour is requlr'd. 
 Nor muft the paiilfwl hufbandmari be tir'd : 
 For thrice, at lead, in compafs of the year 
 Thy vineyard n:!uft employ the fturdy fteer. 
 To turn the glebe ; befides thy daily pain^ 
 To break the clods, and make the furface plalri. 
 
 Dryden, 548i 
 
 1^3. How fine an application do the following lines 
 
 of the fame poet admit of, to the benefits of adver- 
 
 Jtiy, and the manner in which the divine hufband- 
 
 mart " purges every fruitful branch in his vinEj 
 
 *' that it may bring forth more fruit !'* 
 
 Ac jam olim feras pofuit cum vinea frondes, 
 Frigidus et fylvis Aquilo decuflit honorcm, 
 Jam tum acer curas venientem extetidit in annutii 
 Rufticus, et curvo Saturni dente reliftam 
 Perfequitur vitem attondens, fingitque putandd. 
 
 Georg. 11.463* 
 Ev'n ill the Idweft months, when {iorms have fhed 
 From vines the hairy honours of their head j 
 Not then the drudging hind his labour ends, 
 But to the coming year his care extends : 
 Ev'n then the naked vine he perfecutes j 
 His pruning knife at orice refotms and cuts* 
 
 Dryden, 55 S. 
 
 So again, a few lines after, the care and di- 
 ligence neceflkry to be employed with unremitting 
 Z % affiduity.
 
 356 -APPENDIX. 
 
 afliduity, fa the laft hour, till the grapes arc gatherecT, 
 and the vintage finally fecured 
 
 Jam vln^lae vites ; jam falccm arbufta reponunt : 
 Jam canit extremes efFoctus vinitor antes : 
 Sollicitanda tamen tellus pulvifque movendu9> 
 Et jam maturis metuendus Jupiter uvis. Georc. li. 4i6<r 
 
 The vines now ty'd with many a flrength'ning band. 
 No nK)re the culture of the knife demand ; 
 Glad for his labour paft and long employ, 
 At the laft rank the drefler fmgs for joy : 
 Yet ftill he muft fubdue, ftill turn the mould. 
 And his ripe grapes ftill fear rough ftorms' or piercing cold. 
 
 Warton, 499^ 
 
 Again, the tendernefs with which young fhoots 
 are to be treated a:nd encouraged 
 
 Ac dum prima novis adolefcit frondibns aetas, 
 Parcendum teneris j et dum fe laetus ad auras 
 Palmes agit, laxis per purum immiffus habenis, 
 Ipfa acies nondum falcis tentanda. Georg. ii. 3-62 
 
 But in their tender non-age, while they fpread 
 Their fpringing leaves and lift their infant head. 
 And upward while they flioot in open air. 
 Indulge their childhood,^ and the noirfeling fpare : 
 Nor exercife thy rage on new-born life. 
 But let thy hand fupply the pruning knife. 
 
 Dryden, 497. 
 
 24. The defcription of the growth of plants in ther 
 :^ring to" young and virtuous minds- 
 
 Inque novos fcles audent fe gramina tuto 
 Credere ^ nee metuit furgentes pampinus auftros,. 
 
 A-s.^
 
 APPENDIX. 357 
 
 Atit acliim cckIo magnis aquilonlbus imbrem : 
 Sed trudit gemmas, et frondes explicat omncs. 
 
 Georg. H. 332^ 
 
 The fpringing grafs to truft this feafbn dares j 
 No tender vine the gath'ring tempeft fears 
 By the black north or roaring aufter roll'd. 
 But fpreads her leaves, and bids her gems unfold. 
 
 Warton, 404. 
 
 25. In the work of falvation, as in that of huf- 
 bandry, mari mud do his part, and God witl not 
 fail to do his. 
 
 Multum adeo raftris glebas qui frangit inertes, 
 Vimineafque trahit crates, juvat arva, neque ilium 
 Flava Ceres alto nequicquam fpelat Olympo ; 
 Et qui profciflb quas fufcitat lequore terga 
 Rurfus in obliquum verfo perrumpit aratro, 
 Exercetque frequens tellurem, atque imperat arvis. 
 
 Georg. i. 94. 
 
 Much too he helps his labour'd lands, who breaks 
 The crumbliiTg clods with harrows, drags and rakes ; 
 Who ploughs acrofs, and back, with ccafelefs toil. 
 Subdues to duft and triumphs o'er the foil j 
 Plenty to him, induftrious fwain ! is giv'n, 
 And Ceres fmiles upon his work from heav'n. 
 
 Warton, 114. 
 
 2,6, It is one part of a clergyman's office to de- 
 duce, from the fublime do6irines of the gofpel, ar- 
 guments of confolation, to refrefh and renew the 
 affli6lcd and weary foul. Let the following paflage 
 be applied to him in thefe circumftances : 
 
 Et cum exuftus ager morientibus aeftuat herbis,^ 
 
 Ecce fupercilio clivofi tramitis undam 
 
 Z 3 Elicit:
 
 ^58 APPENDIX, 
 
 EKcIt : ilia cadens raucum per laevia murmur 
 Saxa ciet, fqatebrifque arentia temperat arva. 
 
 Georg. i. 107, 
 
 Thus when the fiery funs tpo fiercely play. 
 And ftirivell'd herbs on Mfith'ring ftems decay. 
 The wary ploughman on the mountain's brow 
 Undams his wnt'ry (lores ; huge torrents flow, 
 And, rattling down the rocks, large moifture yield, 
 Terpp'ring the thirfty fever of the field. 
 
 Dryden, 157. 
 
 27. He, who is entrlifted with the education of 
 ' .youth, fliould, above all things, in the firft place, 
 
 explore and confider well the different tempers, dif- 
 politions, and abilities of his fcholars, that they may 
 be trained to the feveral profclTions, or arts, for the 
 fludy of which they are refpe6lively fitted and qua-, 
 lified by nature. This is the advice given by Virgil 
 fo his farmer, that he fhould find out 
 
 Et quid quaeque ferat regio, et quod qusque recufet. 
 Hie fegetes, illic veniunt felicius uvae : 
 Arborei foetus alibi, atque injufla virefcunt 
 Gramina, &c. Georg. i. 54, 
 
 The culture fuited to the fev'ral kinds 
 
 Of feeds and plants ; and what will thrive and rife. 
 
 And what the genius of the foil denies. 
 
 This ground with Bacchus, that with Ceres fuits, 
 
 That other loads the trees with golden fruits j 
 
 A fourth with grafs unbidden decks the ground. 
 
 Dryden, 78. 
 
 28. When the mind is fatigued with one em- 
 ployment, it may find eafe and refrefhment by ad- 
 
 dreffing
 
 APPENDIX. 35P 
 
 drefHng itrdf to another of a different nature: a3 
 land will receive benefit by change of grain, as much 
 as by lying fallow. 
 
 Sic quoque mutatis requiefcunt foetibus arva. Georc i. 82. 
 Thus change of feeds for meagre foils is beft \ 
 And earth manur'd not idle, the' at reft. 
 
 Dryden, 1 2d. 
 
 ^9. Virgil, fpeaking of the hufbandman's addi- 
 tional labours occalioned by noxious animals and 
 plants, makes a fine refledlion upon the defign of 
 Providence in permitting fuch things. 
 
 --------. Pater ipfe colendi 
 
 Haud facilem efle via'm voluit, primufque per artem 
 Movit agros, curis acuehs mortalia corda ; 
 Nee torperc gravi paffiis fua regna veterno, &c. 
 
 Georg. i. 121.- 
 
 The fire of gods and men, with hard decrees, 
 Forbids our plenty to be bought vi'ith eafe ; 
 And wills that mortal men, inur'd to toil. 
 Should exercife, with p.iins, the grudging foil. 
 Himfelf invented firit the (hining ftiare, 
 And whetted human induftry by care. 
 Himfelf did handicrafts and arts ordain j 
 Nor fuffer'd floth to ruft his adlive reign. 
 
 Dryden, 183. ' 
 
 30. Civet-cats muft be fretted and vexed, before 
 the civet is taken out of the bag ; for the more the 
 animal is enraged, themufk is the better. The only 
 cafe, I think, wherein fretfulnefs and rage turn to 
 accQuntp and im|3rove things. 
 
 2^4 31. Wit
 
 360 APPENDIX. 
 
 3 1 . Wit under the influence of paffion degene- 
 rates into malignity, as fait cxpofed to violent heats 
 will turn Joiir and hitter. 
 
 32. Some particulars in natural hiftory, though 
 confefledly'fabulous, are univerfally retained and em- 
 ployed as allufions ; for which purpofe they ferve as 
 well as if they were true : e. g. the phoenix, as a rarity, 
 and as a beautiful fymbol of the refurredlion ; and the 
 notion of a fv/an becoming vocal and melodious juft 
 before its death. Thus Socrates, as cited by Cicero, 
 " Itaqne commemorate ut cygni, qui non fine caufci 
 " Afolllni d'leati Junt^ Jed quod ab eo dh'mationem 
 " habere "jideantur, qua providentes quid in . morte 
 " boni fit, cum cantu et voluptate moriantur ; 
 " fie omnibus bonis et dodlis efle faciundum.'* 
 Tufcul. Difputat. i. 30. As fwans, inlpired by Apollb 
 with a forefight of the joys of death, die with fatif-. 
 fadlion and fong j fuch.fhould be the condu6l of the 
 wife and good. 
 
 33. " The fun" (faid Mr. Charron) " is my vifi- 
 " ble God, as God is my invifible fun." 
 
 34. To the ' converfation of a Chrifiian may be 
 applied what Dr. Ctidogan fays of a child's breath 
 ** It is not enough that it be not offenfive ; it fhould 
 ** be i'^d.tX. and fragrant, like a nofegay of frefli 
 *' flowers, or a pail of new milk from a young cow 
 ** that feeds upon the fwceteft grafs of the fpring : 
 *' and this as well at firft waking in the morning as 
 ?^ all the day long." ^Eilay on Nurfing Children,. 
 
 p. 46/ 
 
 ^t,. Riches,
 
 APPENDIX. 361 
 
 35. Riches^ honours, and pleafures are the fiveels 
 which deftroy the mind's appetite for its heavenly 
 food ; poverty, difgrace, and pain arc the bitters, 
 which reltore it. 
 
 36. Young trees in a thick foreft are found to in- 
 dine themfeivcs towards that part through which the 
 'light penetrates ; as plants are obferved to do in a 
 darkened chamber towards a ftream of light let in 
 through an orifice, and as the ears of corn do towards 
 the fonth , The roots of plants are known to turn 
 away, with a kind of abhorrence, from whatever they 
 meet with, which is hurtful to them ; and, deferting 
 their ordinary direction, to tend, with a kind of na- 
 tural and irreliftible impulfe, towards collections of 
 ivater placed within their reach. The plants called 
 Heliotrope turn daily round with the fun, and by 
 conftantly prefenting their furfaces to that luminary 
 feem delirous of abforbing a nutriment from its ravs. 
 Surely all thefe afford a Icffbn to man. 
 
 37. Mr. Temple, at More-park, kept an eagle, 
 into whofc cage, among other provifion, a living 
 magpie was one day cafl. The fervants, next 
 morning, were furprjfed to find the magpie flill alive, 
 who lived a great while very comfortably in that Itate. 
 The eagle feemed much pleafed with him, and was 
 often feen to liflen very attentively, and not without 
 fome degree of admiration, to his chattering. So 
 kings formerly reckoned it a piece of Itate to keep 
 g fool. 
 
 38. The
 
 352 APPENDIX. 
 
 ^^. The injun(9:ions given to the Jews, not io 
 cat any creature which died of ilfelf,- leeiii! to have a 
 ilri(9: regard to health ; and ought, on that account, 
 lobe obfervedby Chridiansas well as Jev^s. Bachan's 
 Domeji'ic Medicine. The blood, in thefe cafes, is 
 mixed with the flefh, and foon becomes putrid. 
 
 39. To d'n angry controvertifi:, endeavouring to 
 pnzzTe a caufe, arid to' stvoid convi6tion, apply Virgil'i 
 dcfcription of Cacus :i5i^N. viii. 25 2. 
 
 Faucibus ingentem fumum (mirablle dilu !)' 
 Evomit, involvitque domum caliglne caeca, 
 Profpe6lum eripiens oculis \ glomeratque fub antro 
 Fumlferam notem, commiftis igne tenebris. 
 
 He from his noftrils, and huge mouth, expires 
 Black clouds of fmoke amidll his fadier's fires ; 
 Gath'ring, with each repeated blaft, the night. 
 To make uncertain aim and erring fight. 
 
 Dryden, 335. 
 
 40. To the metaphyfics of Hume, Le Clerc, and 
 
 Bolingbroke 
 
 Ibant obfcuri fola fub nodle per umbras, 
 JPerque domos Ditis vacuas, et inania regna. 
 
 ^N. vi. 264. 
 
 Obfcurc they went, thro' dreary fliades that led 
 
 Along the wafte dominions of the dead. 
 
 Dryden, 378, 
 
 41. To the Arian herefyt 
 
 At fseva e fpeculis tempus dea nata nocendi, 
 Ardua tecla petit ftabuli, et de culmine fummo 
 Pajiorale canit Jigtmm^ cornuqe recurvo 
 Tartaream intendit vocem j qua protenus omne 
 
 Contrcmui.t 
 
 6
 
 } 
 
 APPENDIX. 3| 
 
 Contremuit nemus, t fylvae intonuere profundsfe. 
 Audiit et Triviae longe lacus, audiit amnis, 
 Sulphurea Nar albus aijua, fontefque V^linl; 
 J!t trepidae matres preflere ad peclora natos. 
 
 -/En. vii. 5n, 
 
 And now the goddefs, exercis'd in ill. 
 
 Who watch'd an hour to work her impious will, 
 
 Afcends the roof, and to her crooked horn, 
 
 Such as was then by Latian fhephcrds borne. 
 
 Adds all her breath : the rocks and woods around 
 
 And mountains tremble at th' infernal found. 
 
 The facred lake of Trivia from afar. 
 
 The Veline fountains, and fulphureous Nar 
 
 Shake at the baleful blaft, the fignal of the war. 
 
 Young mothers wildly ftare, with fear pofleft. 
 
 And ftrain their helplefs infants to their bread. 
 
 Dryden, 713, 
 
 42. The eyes of fwlne are turned down towards 
 the earth, fo that they never behold the heavens, 
 till laid upon their backs ; a method fomctimes taken 
 l^y their keepers, to ftill their crying. ^Apply this 
 to the effects produced by afflidlions on worldly-, 
 rninded men. 
 
 43. "April 5, 1772, at midnight, two violent 
 " fliocks of an earthquake were felt at Lilbon. 
 ^ This earthquake was preceded by the bowling of 
 *' dogs, and the melancholy croiv'mg of cocks. Imme- 
 ^' diately was heard a fubten-anean noife, with howU 
 *' ings and ivhi/H'mgs, as in a great florm : this was 
 ^? followed by an horizontal fliock," &c. With 
 
 what
 
 SH APPENDIX. 
 
 what imfpeakable horror do thefe circumftances flrike 
 the imagination ! 
 
 44. In the moral, as in the natural world, many- 
 trees, after all poflible pains have been taken about 
 them, fail in fruit-time. Happy the Chrillian huf- 
 bandman, to whom may be applied what Virgil fays 
 of his old Corycian gardener ; 
 
 Quotque in flore novo pomis fe fertilis arbos 
 Induerat, totidem autumno matura tenebat. 
 
 Georg. iv. 142. 
 
 For ev'ry bloom his trees in fprtng afford 
 - An autumn apple was by tale reftox'd. 
 
 Dryden, 211. 
 
 45. Apply to repentance, a medicine fharp, but 
 ifalutary, Virgil's account of the citron- 
 Media fert tri/ies fuccos, tardutnque faporem 
 
 Felicis mail 5 quo non prsefentius ullura 
 Auxilium venit, et membris agit atra venena. 
 
 Georg. ii. 126, 
 
 Sharp-tafted citrons Median climes produce. 
 Bitter the rind, but gen'rous is the juice : 
 A cordial fruit, a prefent antidote, &c. 
 
 Dryden, 175. 
 
 46. The old fchool maxim, that *' the corrup- 
 ** tion of one thing is the generation of another," 
 is true in fpirituals, as well as in phyfics. The death 
 of the old man is the life of the new; and from af- 
 fections carnal and iccular, wbcn mortified by the 
 
 5 power
 
 APPENDIX 355 
 
 power of religion, fpring up holy and heavenly ones, 
 vigorous and adtive in proportion. 
 
 Nigra fere, et preflb pinguls fub vomere terra, 
 Et cui putre folum, tmmqite hoc imitamur arando. 
 Optima frumentis ; non ullo ex sequore cernes 
 PJura domum tardls decedere plauftra juvencis. 
 
 Georg. ii. 203. 
 
 Fat crumbling earth is fitter for the plough-. 
 Putrid and loofe above, and black below : 
 For ploughing is an imitative toll, 
 Refembling nature in an eafy foil. 
 No land for feed like this, no fields afford 
 So large an income to the village lord : 
 No toiling teams from harveft labour come 
 So late at night, fo heavy laden home. 
 
 Dryden, 7.%o. 
 
 Therefore, as Virgil goes on, ground where wood 
 has grown, and the leaves. Sec, have rotted, though 
 of an unpromifing appearance, proves fruitful when 
 turned up. 
 
 At rudis enituit, impulfo vomere campus. 
 
 While (hines the new-turn'd foil beneath tl/ invading 
 fliare. War ton, 266. 
 
 47. There are minds, as well as lands, of fo harfh 
 and crabbed a difpofition that little can be made of 
 them. 
 
 Salfa autem tellus, et quae perhibetur amara, 
 Frugibus infelix j ea nee manfuefcit arando, 
 
 Nec
 
 1^ AP?ZIJT>1 
 
 Nec^accho genus, aut pomis fua nomina fervat. 
 
 Georg. ii. 23 S.' 
 Salt earth and bitter are not fit to fow. 
 Nor will ^e tam'd o'r mended with the plough. 
 Sweet grapes degen'rate there, and fruits declined 
 From their firft iiav'rous tafte, tenounee their kind. 
 
 Dryden, 323. 
 
 48. A genius forward^ and early ripe^ feldom, in 
 the end, anfwers expecflation. Virgil has obferved 
 the fame thing of land, which throws forth corn toa 
 filrong at firft. ^-^ 
 
 Ah! nimium ne fit mihi fertiJis ilia, 
 
 Neu fe praevalidam primis oftendat ariftis [ 
 
 Georg. ii. 25^^ 
 
 Let not my land fo large a promife boaft, 
 Left the lank ears in length of ftem be loft. 
 
 Dryden, 34 1 j 
 
 49. The character of an univerfal fcholar is apt 
 to dazzle the fight, and io attract ambition. But a 
 greater progrefs is made in literature;, when every 
 man takes his part, and cultivates that part thd- 
 roughly, with all his powers. ^ 
 
 - - - - Laudato ingentia rura y 
 Exiguum colito. 
 
 Georg^ ii. 4^2- 
 To larger vineyards praife and wonder yield ; 
 But cultivate a fmall and manageable field. 
 
 Warton,' 495'.- 
 
 50. Inventors and proje6lors, however wild and 
 Yifionary, oftea afford matter, which a wife nran 
 
 will
 
 APPENDIX. ^6f 
 
 will know bow to qualify aad turn to ufe, though 
 they did not. See Acc9unt of Settlements iu 
 America, i. 6^. 
 
 51, When an hogfhead of fugaf is in the higheft 
 itate of fermentation over the fire, a piece of butter^ 
 no bigger than a nut, will allay and quiet it in a 
 moment. A tea fpoonful of oil quieted the ruffled 
 furface of near half an acre of water in a windy day, 
 and rendered it fmooth as a looking-glafs. See Dr. 
 Franklin's account, Phil. Tranf. Ixiv. pait ii. Like 
 the Divine Spirit, oil a6ts as a bond of peace to the 
 whole mafs which is vmdcr its influence. - 
 
 52. The note of tlie cuckoo, though uniform, 
 always gives pleafure, becaufe it reminds us that 
 fummer is coming. But that pleafure is mixed 
 with melancholy, bccaufc we rclic6t, that wliat is 
 coming will fbon be going agam. This is the con- 
 lideration which embitters every fublunary enjoy- 
 ment ! -Let the delight cf my heart then be in 
 fhee, O Lord and Creator of all things, with whom 
 alone is no variablenefs, neither fhadow of chang- 
 
 ing ! 
 
 53. The world twines itfelf about the foul, as a 
 fcrpent doth about an eagle, to hinder its flight up- 
 ward, and fling it to death* 
 
 54. " The afl?e6led gaiety of a wicked man is like 
 the flowery furface of Mount uEtna, beneath which 
 inaterials arc gathering for an eruption, that will 
 one day reduce all its beauties to ruin and defdation." 
 Irene. 
 
 55. The
 
 36 A t> P E N D I X. 
 
 $$. The Qiriftian traveller, in his journey thfoiigti 
 the defertj hke Hafian, muft be always aivake, and 
 upon the ixatch. 
 
 At that dead hcui- the filcnt afp fhall cteep. 
 If aught of reft I find, upon my fleep ; 
 Or fome fwoln ferpent twift his fcales around. 
 And wake to aTiguifli with a burning wound. 
 
 CoLLiNs's Eel. ii* 
 
 t^^. So manifold are the difcafes to which the 
 body of man is beeome' fubje6t, that, in a treatife of 
 a Di*. Richard Banifter, 1 13 difeafes are mentioned, 
 as incident to the eye.^ and eyelids only. See Biog 
 Brit. Whether the mind'^s eye be liable to fewer, 
 may be queftioned. 
 
 57. The death and refiirreclion of Chrilt re-^ 
 prefent and produce in man a death to fin, and a 
 refiuTcdlion to righteoriihcfs.- When the fun re- 
 cedes from the autumnal equinox, he brings on 
 the fall of the leaf, with a general withering and 
 ieeming extindlion of the vegetable life during the 
 dead of winter; and, when in his annual motion 
 he rifcs again towards our hemifphere, nature 
 feels a kind of rcfurrcclion. Heylyn's IjCcturcs, ii/ 
 
 4-9- 
 
 58. It is with a Chrillian, as with the Sicilian 
 
 vines. " An old proprietor" (fays Swinburne) " in-=' 
 
 " formed me, that the ftrcngth of the liquor de- 
 
 ' pendcd on the clofe pruning of the vine." Tra-* 
 
 vels in the Sicilies, ii. 240. fe6^. 33. 
 
 59. Dr,
 
 APPENDIX. / 3(^9 
 
 59. Dr. Johnfon thus fpeaks of his fituation at 
 Raufay : " Such a feat of hofpitality amidft the winds 
 '' and waters fills the imagination with a delightful 
 " contrariety of images : without is the rough ocean 
 " and the rocky land, the beating billows and the 
 " howling ftorm : within is plenty and elegance, 
 *' beauty and gaiety, the fong and the dance !" 
 Apply this to the ftate of a good man's mind amidft 
 the troubles of the world, " rejoicing in tribula- 
 *' tion." So tings a poet, of confcience 
 
 *Tis the warm blaze in the poor hierdfman*s hut. 
 That, when the ftorm howls o'er his humble thatch, 
 Brightens his clay-built walls, and cheers his foul. 
 
 Count of Narbonne, act iv. fc. 4. 
 
 60. It is difficult for a man to fupprefs a con- 
 ceit which tickles his own fancy, though he be 
 fure to fuffcr by the publication of it. Owen, the 
 epigrammatift, had expe6lations from an uncle, who 
 was a Papifl; but he could not refift the charm of 
 the following fatirical diftich : 
 
 An fuerit Petrtis Romae, fub judice lis eft ; 
 Simonem Rom?e nemo fuifle negat. 
 
 The confequence was, that the book was put into 
 the Index Expurgatorlus, and poor Owen put out 
 of his uncle's will. 
 
 A a PARA-
 
 370 APPENDIX. 
 
 PARADISE. 
 
 How beautiful this of Shakfpeare \ 
 
 Confideration, like an angel came. 
 
 And whipp'd th* offending Adam out of him } 
 
 Leaving his body like a Paradife, 
 
 T' envelop and contain celeftial fpirits. 
 
 PARTY. 
 
 1 . In profelyting men to a party, one convert is em- 
 ployed to. make more from among his old friends 
 and connc(^lions ; fomewhat in the manner in which 
 wild gazelles are caught, by fending into the herd 
 one ah'eady taken and tamed, with a noofe fb faftened 
 to his horns, as to entangle the animal that firft 
 approaches to oppofe him. Goldfmith, iii. 86. 
 
 2. One is apt fometimes to wonder, why the cha- 
 radlers, fayings, and writings of fome men ftand fo 
 high in the opinion and efteem of others. The 
 phenomenon may, perhaps, be partly accounted for 
 by the following obfervation of Dr. Goldfmith : 
 '^ It is probable," (fays he) *' there is not in the 
 " creation an animal of more importance to a 
 *^ goofe, than 2. gander. ^^ 
 
 PATIENCE. 
 
 I. A suRGiEON is never more calm and free from 
 paffion, than when he is about to lance a fwelling, 
 
 or
 
 . A P P E N b i 3^. ^ji 
 
 r to perform an amputation. If he were not fo, 
 he would be likely to mifcarry in the operation, and 
 to kill, inftead of curing, his patient; Let this be 
 applied to the cafe of a clergyman reproving, or in- 
 fliding ecclefiaftical cenfures. Ut^ ad urendum et 
 fecandum, Jic et ad hoc genus cajiigandl raro ifivitiqiie 
 'veniamus. -Ira procul abjjt, cum qua nihil rede fieri ^ 
 nihil confiderate poteji. Cic. Off. i. fee. 38. Like 
 the incifion knife, and the cauliic, let this fpecies 
 of chaflifement be rarely and unwillingly reforted 
 to : in all events let it be iriflidled without anger^ 
 which in all things is abfolutely incorililtent with 
 propriety and deliberation. See Arndd on Ecclus^ 
 
 XX. I. 
 
 1. The portraits of a mari of wealth, a inan of 
 pleafure, and a mari of power, do not excite oiir 
 en\'y. Why then fhould the originals, which are 
 made a^ as corruptible materials, which pafs away 
 like fhadows, and laft not fo long as their pi6lures ? 
 
 3.' Affli6lions, when accompanied with grace, 
 alter their nature, as wormwood, eaten with bread, 
 will lofe its bitternefsi ^See Arbuthnot on Aliment, 
 p. 15. 
 
 4. The bark of a tree contains an oily juice, 
 -which, when it is in greater plenty than can be ex- 
 haled by the fun, renders the plant evergreen. 
 Such is the ftate of the man whofe virtue is proof 
 againll the fCorching heats of temptation and perfe- 
 cution ; he is " likei a green olive tree," in the 
 courts of the temple; " his leaf fhail not wither." 
 
 A a 2 5. Wo-
 
 372 APPENDIX. 
 
 5. Women are generally fuppofcd to be in mirK?, 
 as well as body, of a more delicate frame than men ; 
 yet, in the primitive times, they went unhurt through 
 the hotted flames of perfecution : as the utmoft 
 force of boiling water is not able to dcftroy the 
 llrudture of the tendereft plant, and the linea- 
 ments of a white lily will remain after the llrongcft 
 dccodlion. 
 
 6. An Italian bifliop, who had endured much 
 perfecution with a calm unruffled temper, was afked 
 by a friend how he attained to fuch a maftery 
 of himfelf. " By making a right ufe of my eyes," 
 faid he. " I firfl look up to heaven, as the place whi- 
 ther I am going to live for ever : I next look down 
 upon the earth, and confider how fmall a fpace of 
 it will foon be all that I can occupy or want. I 
 then look round me, and think how many are flir 
 more wretched than I am." 
 
 7. Regncr Lodbrog, imprifoned in a loathfome 
 dungeon, and condemned to be deftroyed by ve- 
 nomous ferpcnts, folaced his dcfpcrate fituation by 
 recollc6ling and reciting the glorious exploits of his 
 pad life. The foul, confined in its prifon, the 
 body, and infefled by deftrudlive pafiions, fhould 
 fupport and comfort itfelf, by recoUedling and ce- 
 lebrating the triumphs of its Redeemer, fet forth in 
 the Pfalms : fo Paul and Silas. See Taylor's Holy 
 Dying, on Patience ^the cafe of the Gladiators. 
 
 8. The crofs which is laid upon us muft be borne: 
 if we are impatient, we lofe the fruit of it. But 
 
 if
 
 A PPE N D IX^ 37^ 
 
 if wc accept it willingly, and bear it with patience 
 and meek refignation, it is regarded as equivalent to 
 a puniihment of our own inflidion. 
 
 PIETY, 
 
 As drawn by Fenelon in a letter to his pu- 
 pil, the Duke of Burgundy of whofe devotion 
 people had faid it was ^'' fomhre, fcnipideufe, & qui 
 " n eft pas ajfez proportionme a fon place'' Melan- 
 choly, full of fcruples, not fufficiently adapted to his 
 lituation " Si vous voulez faire honneur a voire 
 *' piete, vous ne fauriez trop la rendre douce, Jimple, 
 " commode, fociahr If you wifh to do honour 
 to your piety, you cannot be too careful to ren- 
 der it fweet and fimple, affable and fecial. See 
 Maury, 443. 
 
 PLEASURE. 
 
 I. Surrounded with all the gaieties and glo- 
 ries of the court of France, Maintenon and Pom- 
 padour both experienced the depredations of me- 
 lancholy; and declared they were not the happy 
 perlbns they feemed to be, and that '' in all ftates 
 " of life there was a frightful void." The retreats 
 of St. Cyr and Bellevue were the places in which, 
 (if ever) they tafted happinefs. Ann. Regifler, 1766. 
 Memoirs of Mad. Pompadour. See a letter of L,ady 
 M. W. Montague, in which flie extols the fuperior 
 A a 3 felicity
 
 374 APPENDIX. 
 
 felicity of a milkmaid. Thefe teflimonies are curious, 
 ^nd worth noting. 
 
 1, A child is eager to have any toy he fees ; but 
 t:hrows ^t away at the fight of another, and i^ 
 equally eager to have that. We are mofl of ug 
 children, through life j and only change ope toy for 
 another, from the cradle to the grave. 
 
 3. They, who would enjoy health and flrengthj, 
 {hould follow the rule prefcribed by Conftantine, in 
 the education of his fons : Coqfult in your nourifh- 
 ment only the wants of nature, and feek only in 
 the toils of the body the relaxation of the mind, 
 But moft of our amufements now are qf the fedeur 
 tary kind, cards, &c. and journies are performed 
 in the eafieft vehicles. 
 
 4. People vvifh for great eftates, generally, that 
 they may be enabled by them to live a life of induU 
 gence, and follow their diverfions\ which was the 
 very idea formed of this matter by the boy, whq 
 faid, that if he had the Yquire's efiate, he would 
 eat fat hacon and fwing all day upon farmer Hob- 
 fons gate. For the different ideas of people of plea- 
 
 fure, Selden tells of the boy, who faid, if he were a 
 lord, he would have a great whip as cried flajb. 
 
 5. The colliers, in the north of England, pafs 
 ppft of their time under ground. When they 
 enqerge into day-light, the only thing they take any 
 pleafure in is cock-fighting rdiS if the fun and air had 
 t^een made for no other puiT)ofe^ 
 
 6. Le^
 
 APPENDIX. 37S 
 
 6. Let us think of the moft exquifite fpiritual 
 pleafures we ever felt on earth, and refledl, that thofe 
 pleafures will be eternal in heaven ! 
 
 The gentle fprlng, that but falutes us here. 
 Inhabits tbere^ and courts them all the year. 
 
 7. We are fo made as to be always pleafed with 
 Ibmcwhat in profpei, however dillant, or however 
 trivial. Hence the pleafures of planting, fov/ing,- 
 building, railing a family, educating children, &c. 
 The advancement of our minds, in this world, to- 
 \vards that perfedlion, of which they are to be pof- 
 fefTcd in the next, (hould be the grand objecfl of 
 our attention. 
 
 8. The Spartans wifhed to their enemies, that 
 they might be feized with a humour of building, 
 and keep a race of horfes : the Cretans, that they 
 might be delighted with fome evil cuflom. See 
 Wanley, 137. Becaufe he, whom pleafure lays hold 
 of, will foon be impotent and of no cfFedt. 
 
 PLURALITIES. 
 
 An ingenious French author (Bourfault) relates 
 the following llory. An Abbe, who had no prefer- 
 ment, exclaiming one day to Boileau againfl pluralj-' 
 ties "Is it poffible," fays the ecclefiaftic, " that the 
 people you named, who have the reputation of being 
 very learned Inen, and are fuch in reality, fhould be 
 jniltaken in their opinion ? Unlcfa thcfe would ab-. 
 A a 4 folutcly
 
 37^ APPENDIX. 
 
 Iblutely oppofe the dodlrine laid down by the apoftleS, 
 and the directions of councils, muft they not be 
 obliged to confefs, that the holding feveral livings at 
 the fame time is linful ? I myfelf am in holy orders, 
 and, be it faid without vanity, of one of the bcft fa- 
 milies in Touraine. It becomes a man of high birth 
 to make a figure fultable to it, and yet, I proteft to 
 you, that if I can get an abbey, the yearly income of 
 which is only looo crowns, my ambition will be 
 fatisfied ; and be aflured, that nothing iliall tempt me 
 to alter my refolution." Some time after, an abbey 
 of 7000 crowns a year being vacant, his brother de- 
 lired it for him, and was gratified in his rcqucft. 
 The winter following he got another of ftill greater 
 value; and a third being vacant, he folicited very 
 llrongly for this alfo, and obtained it. Boileau, 
 hearing of thcle preferments, went and paid his 
 friend a vifit. " Mr. Abbe," fays he, " where is now 
 that feafon of innocence and candour, in which you 
 declared, that pluralifts hazarded their fouls greatly ?'* 
 " x\h ! good Boileau," replied the Abbe, " did you but 
 know how much pluralities contribute towards living 
 well !" " I am in no doubt of that," replied Boileau; 
 */ but of what fervice are they, good Abbe, towards 
 dying well ?" 
 
 POISONOUS PLANTS. 
 
 Plants have their atmofpheres foi*.ied of par- 
 ticles emitted from them on all lides. Thefe atmo- 
 
 ipheres
 
 APPENDIX* 377 
 
 i^J^eres have . various efFecls on tliofe who Ray in 
 them : fonie refrefh the fpirits, and cnHven a man ; 
 others bring on a fit of the vapours; and a third 
 ibrt lay him afleep. Thus it is cxadlly with w^;z, 
 and with i^ooh. It is reported, that in Brazil tliere 
 are trees, which kill thofc that fit under their fliade 
 in a few hours. Beware of pcftilential authors and 
 their works. 
 
 POMFRET. 
 
 An old woman who fhewed the houfe and pic- 
 tures at Toweefter, exprcfled herfclf in thefe re- 
 markable words : " That is Sir Robert Fanner : he 
 lived in the country, . took care of his eftate, built 
 this houfe, and paid for it; managed well, faved 
 
 money, and died rich. Thif is his fon ; he 
 
 was made a Lord, took a place at court, fpent 
 his cftate, and died a beggar !" A very concife, 
 but full and Itriking account. 
 
 PREACHING. 
 
 1. A CHURCH itockcd with unpreaching divines 
 is like the city of Nibas in the neighbourhood of 
 Theflalonica in Macedonia, where, ^Elian tells us, 
 the cocl?5 were all dumb. Lib. xv. cap. 20. 
 
 2. It is as neceflary for a preacher, in the com- 
 pofition of his fermon, to take into coniideration the 
 paffions and prejudices of his audience, as it is for 
 
 4 a
 
 57^ APPENDIX. 
 
 an archer t6 choofe his an-ows with an eye to the 
 wind and weather. 
 
 3. Preachers would do eminent rer\'icc to religion, 
 if, inftead of labouring to prove plain points, which 
 nobody difputes, fuch as the obligations of duty, 
 they would employ their powers in ftating its mea- 
 flires, difcovering the various ways men have of elud- 
 ing it, and fhewing them their conformity or non- 
 conformity to it. 
 
 4. The art of fine fpeak'mg is one thing, that of 
 ferfuafion another. The prudent and affectionate 
 addrefs of a parent or a friend, however plain and 
 unpoliOicd, will do more towards inclining the 
 will, than all the tropes and figures, the logic and 
 j-hetoric of the fchools. 
 
 5. " Scarce any thing," fays Dr. Trapp, " has of 
 late years been more prejudicial to religion, than the 
 negledl of the theological part of it, properly fo 
 called ; and it is very greatly to be lamented, that 
 fome writers, even of our own church, out of an un- 
 due feiTor in oppofing fome erroneous doctrines of 
 Calvin, have run into the other extreme, and have 
 too little regarded the neceflary do6lrines of religion.'* 
 Pref. to Prefervative, p. 5. 
 
 6. To preach pradical fcrmons, as they are called, 
 /. e. fermons upon virtues and vices, without inculcat- 
 ing thofe great fcripture truths of redemption, grace, 
 &c. which alone can incite and enable us to forfake 
 lin, and follow after righteoufncfs^ what is it but to 
 
 put
 
 APPENDIX, 219 
 
 put together the wheels, and fet the hands of a 
 WAtch, forgetting the fprin^, which is to make them 
 fill go ? 
 
 7. St. Auftin did not think himfelf bound to ab- 
 ftain from all ornaments of ftyle, becaufe St. Paul 
 faid^ that he preached the gofpei not with the enticing 
 ivords of mans wifdom. Non fratermitto ijlos mime^ 
 fos claufularum. -I do not neglect the mufic of my 
 periods. He ftudied to make his language fvveet 
 jmd harmonious. See Donne's Sermons, p. 48. 
 
 8. Tully's cenfure, pafled on immoral philofo- 
 phers, comes home, with a witnefs, to the bufinefs 
 and bolbms of wicked clergymen. Ut enim, Ji gram- 
 maticum fe profejfus quifpiam harhare loquatur ; aui 
 Ji ahfurde canat is, qui fe haheri velit mitjicum, hoc 
 
 turpior fit, quod in eo ipfo peccet, cujus profitetur 
 fcientiam : fie phlofophus in intte ratione peccans, hoc 
 furpior efl, quod in officio, cujus magifier effe 'Volt, 
 lahitur ; artemque *vit^ profeffus, deJinquit in vita. . 
 See the whole paflage Tufc. Quafl. lib. ii. fee. 4. 
 pon procul ab init. Glafg. p. 58. As a grammarian 
 who fhould fpeak barbarous language, or a mufician 
 who fhould ling out of tune, would be the more 
 defpicable for failing in the very art in which he 
 profefled to excel ; fo the philofopher, whofe condu6l 
 js vicious or immoral, becomes an obje6l of greater 
 difgrace, lince, while inculcating the duties of life, 
 he fails in their performance ; and, undertaking to 
 fefonn the lives of others, fins in the regulation of 
 Jijs own. 
 
 9. Terfc
 
 3So APPENDIX. 
 
 : 9. Terfe moral dlliys, oppofed to the overflow- 
 iegs of ungodlinefs, remind one of the Chincfe, 
 who, in tempeftiious weather, throw feathers into 
 the fea, to quiet the ftorm, and drive away the 
 devil. See Travels of the Jefuits, by Lokman, 
 
 ii. 58- 
 
 10. It is much to the honour of the Athenians, 
 that they had a law among them, obliging every 
 man, who found a ftrangcr that had loit his way, to 
 direcl him into it again. A Chriftian is under obli- 
 gation, by the divine law, to do the fame in fpi- 
 rituals. 
 
 .11, .At the critical moment of that night, when 
 Count Leltock, in 1741, was going to conduct the 
 Princefs Elizabeth to the palace, to dethrone the 
 l^egent, and pjLit her in polleffion of the Rullian 
 ciTipire, fear preponderated, and the j)rincefs refufcd 
 to fct out. The Count then drew from his pocket 
 two cards, on one of which, llic was reprefented un- 
 der the tonfure in a convent, and himfelf on a 
 fcaffold : on the other, llic appeared afcending the 
 throne, amidft the acclamations of the people. He 
 laid both before her, and bade her choofe her fitu- 
 ation.- -She chofc the throne, and before morn- 
 ing was Emprefs of all the Ruffias. A preacher 
 fhould take the fame method with his pcoi)le, which 
 the Count took with the Princefs. Before the eves 
 of thofe who halt between God and the world, 
 through fear, or any oth^r motive, thould be placed 
 pictures of the joys of heaven, and the pains of 
 
 hell.
 
 A P P E N D nc. 3tff 
 
 hell. It remains only for them to choofc right, 
 and proceed to adlion. Succefs will be the confe- 
 quence. 
 
 12. When the Romans heard Cicero, fays Fcne- 
 lon, they cried out, le bel oraleur ! O what a 
 fine orator ! But when the Athenians heard Dc^ 
 mofthenes, they called out, AUons, hattons Philippe! 
 Come on, down with Philip ! The difference be- 
 tween the eloquence of the Grecian and that of thfe 
 Roman orator is here cxprcflcd in a manner equally 
 judicious and lively: and this is the triie criterion of 
 a fermon, as well as of an oration. The exclamation 
 of the audience fhould be, not, le hel orateur ! 
 hut, AUons, hatto7is PJjiUppe ! Let us attack fuch a 
 pajfton, fuch an appetite, fuch an error ; let us op- 
 pofe thcTt'o/-/^, thejf?-f/?>, and the devil! Demolthenes 
 therefore is the author who Ihould be fludied and 
 imitated by preachers. 
 
 PREDESTINATION. 
 
 It is much to be wifhed, that Chriflians would 
 apply themfelves to obey the gofpel, ihflead of en- 
 deavouring to difcover the dcfigns of God concern- 
 ing man before man was created, or the precile 
 manner in which he touches the hearts of thofe who 
 are converted. Salvation may be obtained without 
 knowledge of this fort : belides, the wit of man 
 may not be able to folve the difficulties that may be 
 
 llarted
 
 .^82 A P P E N D I i. 
 
 ftartec! on every fide of thcfe queftions ; upoii wliicll^ 
 >bfcure and intricate as they are, if deciiions are 
 made and enforced as articles of faith, fchifms and 
 factions mufl enfue. But the mifcbief is done, and 
 there is no remedy ; divines are therefore obliged to 
 explain their own fentiments, and oppugn thofe of 
 their adverfaries, refpe(5lively, as well as they are able* 
 Thus ftrifes are increafed, time loft, and edification 
 negledted^ 
 
 PRINGLE (Sir John). 
 
 He was particularly fond of Bifnop Pearce ^ 
 Commentary and Notes* He was brought up iri 
 principles of virtue and piety ; he was feduced to* 
 deifm, but brought back again by an attentive con- 
 lideration of the evidence ; and fettled by difcover- 
 ing that the dodtrine of the Trinity made no part of 
 the fcriptures ; that the mercy of God was not 
 confined to a f&w, exclufive of others, and that futufe 
 punifhments were not eternal. See Kippis's account 
 prefixed to his Speeches. This is a way of making 
 matters eafy : a man flrikes out of the gofpel what 
 he does not like, and then is gracioufly pleafed to 
 profefs himfelf a believer of the reft. After this fafhion, 
 the religion certainly bids fair to become univerjal. 
 *' Thus/* fays Kippis, " he added another name to 
 the catalogue of the excellent and judicious perfbns 
 who have gloried in being ratioiml Cbrifliansy 
 
 6 PRO-
 
 APPENDIX. jSj 
 
 PROSPERITY. 
 
 1. Prosperity too often has the lame effe6l on a 
 Chr'ifiian, that a calm at lea hath on a Dutch ma- 
 viner, who frequently, it is faid, in thofe circum- 
 ftances, ties up the rudder, gets drunk, and goes to 
 Ileep, 
 
 2. In defcribing Salluil, at one time the loud ad- 
 vocate of public fpirit, and afterwards fharing in the 
 robberies of Ccefar, Warburton exprefles this varia- 
 tion of chara6ler by the following imagery : 
 
 " No fooner did the warm afpc6l of good fortune 
 " fhine out again, but all thofe exalted ideas of vir- 
 *' tue and honour, raifed, like a beautiful kind of froft 
 " work, in the cold fealbn of adverlity, diflblved 
 *'^ and difappeared." 
 
 PROVIDENCE. 
 
 1. Sometimes it pleafeth God to puniHi-men for 
 frnaller fins in this life ; which would not be, unlefs 
 greater punifhments were prepared for greater lins 
 in the next. There mufl either be a future day of 
 judgment and retribution, or no God who governs 
 the world. 
 
 2. There is a certain part in the great drama, 
 which God intends each of us to a6t, but we often 
 take a fancy to change it for fome other, by which 
 means we become miferable or ridiculous. " It is 
 ^' an uncontrolled truth/' fays Swift, " that no man 
 
 " ever
 
 38^4 APPENDIX. 
 
 " ever made an ill figure who underftood his own 
 " talents, nor a good one who miflook them." Sec 
 Afcham, p. i66. 
 
 3. The fchemes of worldly politicians arefomarty 
 fpider's webs, which, when woven with infinite care 
 and pains, are fwept away at a ilroke, by Providence, 
 with the bejom of deJlruSl'ion. 
 
 Omnia funt hominum tenul pendentia filo, 
 Et fubito cafu, quo valuere, ruunt. 
 
 Ovm, 
 
 Hung on a thread, man's perifhable pride 
 Trembles, and falls as fate and chance decide. 
 
 4. What inextricable confufion mud the work! 
 for ever have been in, but for the variety which we 
 find to obtain in the faces, the voices, and the hand- 
 writings of men ! Nofccurity of perfon, no certainty 
 of poflellion, no juftice between man and man, no 
 diftin6lion between good and bad, friends and foes, 
 father and child, hufband and wife, male and female. 
 All would have been expofed to malice, fraud, for- 
 gery, and lufi:. But now, every man's face can dif- 
 tinguifh him in the light, his voice in the dark, 
 and his hand-writing can fpeak for him though ab- 
 fent, and be his witnefs to all generations. Did 
 this happen by chance, or is it not a manifeft, as 
 well as an admirable, indication of a divine fuperin* 
 tendence ? See Derham, i. 310. 
 
 5. When we pcrufc the hiftory of Ifracl in the 
 Scriptures, we behold the working of Providence in 
 
 every
 
 A P P E N D I X. 38^ 
 
 every event. The hiftory of other nations would 
 appear in the fame light, if the fame perfon were to 
 write it, and unfold in like manner the grounds and 
 reafons of his proceedings with ihem. At prefent we 
 mufl learn as much as we can, by an application of 
 parallel cafes. So with regard to individuals. 
 
 6. We eafily perfuade ourfelves that a caufe is 
 good, when its patrons are victorious, and have the 
 difpofition of things in their hands. Cicero, pleading 
 before ^Casfar, for the life of Ligarius, fays, that, 
 while the civil war was carrying on, Caufa turn diihia, 
 quod erat aliquid in utrdque parte, quod prolan pojjet: 
 nutic mellor certe ea judicanda eft, quam et'iam dil 
 ddjuverint. ^The caufe was then doubtful, fince there 
 was, in each party, fomething to claim our appro- 
 bation : but now undoubtedly that Caufe muft be 
 confidercd as the better, in whofe favour Heaven it- 
 fclf has declared. 
 
 7. " Such a refpccl," fays Plutarch, *' had the Ro- 
 *' maris for religion, that they made all their afiairs 
 *' depend folcly on the pleafure of the gods, ne- 
 " ver fuffering, no not in their greateft profperity, 
 " the lead negle6l or contempt of their ancient rites, 
 " or oracles ; being fully perfuaded, that it was of 
 *^ much greater importance to the public welfare, that 
 " their mao-iflrates and <renerals fhould reverence 
 " and obey the gods, than if they conquered 
 "and fubdued their enemies." In Vita Marcell: 
 lii. 141, 
 
 B b PRO-
 
 3^6. APPENDIX. 
 
 PROVOCATIONS 
 
 TO BE AVOIDED. 
 
 It wa3 well laid by Dr. Whichcot " If I provoke 
 * a man, he is the worfe for my company: if I fulFer 
 *"* myfclf to be provoked by him, I fhall be the. 
 '* worfe for his." 
 
 RECTITUDE. 
 
 Mr. Harris obferves^ from M. Antoninus, that 
 rectitude is afcribed to actions, as denoting the di- 
 redlnefs of their progrcffion right onwardy and quotes 
 from a fonnet of Milton 
 
 Yet I argue not 
 Agalnft Heav'n's hand or will ; nor bate one jot 
 Of heart or hope ; but ftill bear up, and (leer 
 Right onward. 
 
 Three Difcourfes, 306. 
 
 RELIGION. 
 
 * Religion, viewed at a proper point of fight, 
 " hath a very beautiful face. It is innocent, and 
 " very careful not to hurt any body, or, doing it 
 " inadvertently, is uncaly till it hath made him 
 ** amends. It always means well, and does as welt 
 " as ever it can. If it offends, it wants to be re- 
 '* conciled ; confcfies its faults, prays to be forgiven, 
 
 "is
 
 APPENDIX. 387 
 
 ** Is defirous to be informed ; is lefs adventurous ; 
 '^ more circumfpedt ; fenfible of its own frailty ; for-> 
 " gives every body ; abounds in good will ; delights 
 " in good offices ; keeps itfelf clean ; is pleafed with 
 " itfelf : looks cheerful; is cheerful! Why^ then, 
 " will any one be fo indifcreet, as to drefs this 
 " lovely form in fuch a frightful manner, as to ter- 
 " rify the beholder, inltead of inviting him to em- 
 ** brace it ?" Dr. Newton's Sermon on the Mini- 
 ilerial Duty, p. 30, 
 
 RETIREMENT. 
 
 i. The din of politics in all companies makes one 
 ibmetimes envy the Carthufian monks, of whom it 
 is faid " They led a life of tranquillity amidft the 
 " general tumults, which diftra^led the refl of the 
 " world, of which they hardly heard the rumour ; 
 *^ and knew nothing of the mighty, ibvereigns of the 
 " earth, but by name, when they prayed for them." 
 Volt. Hift. iv. 128. 
 
 2. The following limile of the fame writer, upon 
 a fubjedl of the fame kind, is extremely jufl and 
 beautiful. " The artificers and merchants, whofe 
 
 , *' humble ftation had protected them from the am- 
 '' bitious fury of the Great, were like ants, who dug 
 *' themfelves peaceable and fecure habitations, while 
 ** the eagles and vultures of the world were tearing 
 "one another in pieces." iii. 25. 
 
 3. The retired lituation of the old folitary faints, 
 
 V B b 2 and
 
 38g A P ? E N D I X* 
 
 and their moping and mufing way of life, threWi' 
 them frequently into melancholy and enthuliafm, 
 and fometimes into phrenfy and madnefs; and, in- 
 deed, there arc few heads ftrong enough to bear 
 perpetual folitudc, and a confinement to the fame 
 pjace, the fame obje6\s, the fime occupations, and 
 the fame little circle of a6tion ; and when to all 
 this is added want of proper food and proper fleep, 
 it is no wonder if a man lofe his fenfes. Jortin's 
 Sermons, iii. 240. 
 
 4, Retirement is neceilary at times, to relieve 
 from the cares of life; as the Indians, in fome 
 countries, at evening bury themfelves in the fand, 
 to efcape from the mulquettos. Mofely on Tro- 
 pical Difeafes, p. 20. 
 
 A^. B. When a man retreats into the country 
 for health, he fhould go to fome diftance from the 
 ufual fcene of bulinefs, and cut off the communi- 
 cation with care and anxiety. Ibid. 39. 
 
 5. Though retirement is my dear delight, fays 
 Mehnoth, yet upon fome occafions I think I have 
 too much of it ; and I agree with Balzac, " Que la 
 folitude eft certamement une belle chofe ; imis tl y a 
 fJaiftr d'avoir quelqiiun a qui on puijfe dire de tetns 
 en terns, que lafoVitude ejlune belle chofe^ Fitz-ofborn, 
 122. Solitude is certainly a fme thing ; but there is 
 a.pleafure in having Ibme one whom we may telf 
 from time to time, that folitudc is a fine thing. 
 It is the difadvantage of retirement and folitude^ 
 that men fall iuto erroneous and fantaftical opinions 
 
 aad
 
 APPENDIX. 389 
 
 ^nd iyllems, for want of fifting and proving them 
 in converfation and friendly debate. This is well 
 flated in letter Ixxiv. p. 365. W. Law was a re- 
 markable inftance of it. 
 
 6. Converfation (hould certainly be more prac^ifed 
 than it is, on fubjedls of fcience, morality, and reli- 
 gion.- The lefs a man converfes, the lefs he will 
 be able to converfe. Selkirk, who fpent three years 
 alone in the ifland of Juan Fernandcs, had aliroll 
 loft the ufe of fpeech. Thuanus ufed to fay, read- 
 ing was not of that ufe to him as converfing with 
 learned men, which he did daily. Why was the 
 Ityle of Salluft artificial and dark, when that of Caefar 
 and Cicero was natural and plain ? Becanfe the two 
 latter, by being accuftomed to harangue fenates 
 and popular aflcmblics, gave themfelvcs to ufe fuch 
 Ipeech as the meaneji Jhould ivell mulei[ftand^ and the 
 w'tfeji heft allow : whereas Salluft wrote in his ftady, 
 and from books only. Sir John Checke, in Afcham, 
 p. 339. Cited alfo by Lord Monboddo* 
 
 J^ICH TO ASSIST THE POOR. 
 
 Epaminondas, who himfelf had nothing to give, 
 fent a friend in iieceffity to a rich citizen, with or- 
 ders to alk loco crowns in his name. His rcafon 
 being demanded by the citizen " Why,'' faid Epa- 
 minondas, ** it is becaufe this honeft man is poor, 
 and you arc rich." That he tliought was a fuffi- 
 cient rcafon* 
 
 B b 3 SAY-
 
 39d - A P P E N D 15^. 
 
 SAYINGS. 
 
 I. Adrian, the coadjutor of Ximenes in the ga- 
 vernment of Cattile, was much difturbed at the 
 libels which flew about againft them. Ximenes 
 was perfectly eafy. " If/' faid he, " we take the 
 *' hberty to a6it, others will take the liberty to talk, 
 " and write : when they charge us falfely, we may 
 " laugh ; when truly, we muft amend." 
 
 a. Dr. Green of St. John's college, trying to 
 ikate, got a terrible fall backwards. " Why, Do6lor," 
 faid a friend who was with him, " I thought you 
 " had underftood the buflnefs better." *' O," re- 
 plied the Do6lor, " I have the theory perfedlly; 
 " I want nothing but the practice." -How many of 
 us, in matters of a much higher and more important 
 nature, come under the Do6tor's predicament ! 
 
 3. '* You have the word, and we have the fword,'* 
 faid Wefton to the reformed divines in Queen Mary'-s 
 time. 
 
 4. Cardinal Wolfey's reflection, made juft be- 
 fore he expired, fliould be laid to heart by every 
 man, when tempted to beftow upon the world, or 
 any thing in it, that afle6tion and fervice which are 
 due to God. " Had I but ferved God as diligently 
 *' as I have ferved the King, he would not have 
 " given me over in my grey hairs." 
 
 5. To thofe, who would win men to religion by 
 fire and faggot, may be applied the remark of the 
 
 ' " Eai-l
 
 APPENDIX. 39 
 
 Earl of Huntley, when Prote^lor Somerfet marched 
 into Scotland with 1 8,000 men, to efFc6l a marriage 
 between the young queen of that kingdom and 
 Edward VI." That he diflikcd not the match, but 
 *' hated the manner of wooing." 
 
 6. There were at one time, in one college in 
 Oxford, fix phyficians. Of two, the feet and breath 
 were offenfive ; one was remarkably lean ; two were 
 quarrelfome and turbulent; and one very ignorant 
 in his profcffion. They were called, " Plague, 
 " Peflilence, and Famine; Battle, Murder, and 
 " Sudden Death." 
 
 7. A perfon coming into Melandlhon's howfc, 
 found him holding a book with one hand, and' 
 rocking a child with the other. Upon his expreff- 
 ing fome furprife, Melan6lhon made fuch a pious 
 difcourfe to him, about the duty of a father, and 
 the Urate of grace in which children are with God, 
 that this llranger went away, fays Baylc, much more 
 edified than he came. 
 
 8. ^' Shaftefbury," faid Charles, " thou art certainly 
 the greateft rogue in England." " Of a fuhje^, Sir," 
 replied he, " perhaps I am." 
 
 9. When James 11. went to mafs, the Duke 
 of Norfolk carrying the fword of flate, flopped at 
 the chapel door, and let the king pafs. " Your fa- 
 ther," faid James to him, " would'have gone farther." 
 " Your majcfty's father," replied the duke, " would 
 upt have gone lb far." 
 
 3 b 4 10. Very
 
 392 APPENDIX. 
 
 10. Very ftriking is St. Auguflirrc's -reflccftibn, 
 on the effc<5l produced by our Lord's anfwer to 
 thofe who came to apprehend him. ^" I am he, 
 "Eyu iui" Quid judicaturus faciet, qui judicandus 
 hoc fecit! How will he a6l as a judge, who a(5led 
 thus as a criminal ! 
 
 11. Melan6lhon, when he went to the confer* 
 ences at Spire, in 1529, made a little journey to 
 Bretten, to fee his mother. The good woman alked 
 him, what fhe muft believe, amidft fo many difputes, 
 end repeated to him her prayers, which contained 
 nothing fuperftitious : " Go on, mother," (iiid lie, 
 *' to believe and pray, as you have done, and never 
 " trouble yourfelf about controverfies." The ad- 
 vice of a wife and a good man. 
 
 12. Three or four Englilli gentlemen on their 
 travels through Italy, happening to be at St. Ma- 
 rino, on a fifh day, applied to a butcher, to pro- 
 cure for them, if poflible, a joint of veal. The 
 butcher faid he would do any thing to oblige them, 
 but could not kill for them, as nobody would buy 
 but themfelvcs. They continued very importunate, 
 and oiFered to take any quantity. " Well, then, gen- 
 tlemen," faid the fellow, at lafl, " I will venture to 
 kill a calf; and if you will take half of it to-day, 
 I will truft iq th^ repubj^ic for the other half to- 
 morrow." 
 
 13. Bajazet, upon the march, at the head of his 
 mighty army, after the capture of bis favourite city 
 
 Sebal^ia,
 
 APPENDIX. .393 
 
 vSebaltia, by the enemy, hearing a poor fhepherd 
 playing on his pipe on the tide of a hill, exclaimed 
 " Happy iliepherd, who haft no Sebaftia to lofe !** 
 Knolles. 
 
 14. Mahomet II. after he had taken Conftanti- 
 nople, being reproached for fpending all his time 
 with Irene, a captive Greek, forgetting his intended 
 conquefts, and negle6i:ing the concerns of empire, 
 ordered a convention of all his great men ; produced 
 Irene before tliem, aftced them, if they could blame 
 him, when they beheld her, and then, to convince 
 them he could mafter his paflions, feizing her by 
 the hair with his left hand, chopped off" her head 
 with his right, 
 
 15. Very flirewd and fenfible obfcrvations arc 
 often made by perfons difordered in their ienfes. Dr. 
 Heylyn ufed to apply, upon this occafion, an old 
 Spanifh proverb, which fays, that light makes its 
 way into a dark room, through a crack. 
 
 16. Nee vero ego, fays Sadolet, alhid niedlus Jidius 
 Jldtuo ejfe fapimtiam^ quam viemmijfe unumquemquc 
 
 quid fid officii et viuneris Jit, idque cum fide et cam 
 integritate p-afiare. Epift. p. 21. That, that alone 
 I deem to be wifdom, which enables a man to keep 
 prefent to his mind a fenfe of his duty, and with in- 
 tegrity and firmncfs to perform it. 
 
 1 7. Sir William Dawes, Archbifhop of York, was 
 very fond of a pun. His clergy dining with him, 
 for the firft time, after he had loft his lady, he told 
 
 them.
 
 ^ APPENDIX. 
 
 them, he feared they did not find things in lb good 
 order as they iifed to be in the time of poor 
 ^ary ; and, looking extremely forrowful, added, 
 with a deep figh, " She was, indeed. Mare pacificumr 
 -A curate, who pretty well knew what fhe had 
 been, called out, " Aye, my Lord, but fhe was 
 " Mare mortuum firft." Sir WilHam gave him a 
 living of 200/. ^er annum within two months af- 
 ter^vards. 
 
 18. Many of thole fighting heroes, fo celebrated 
 in flory, may be compared, as Mr. Boyle obferves, 
 to Avorthlefs gnats, confiderable only for their no'ife 
 and Jtmgs with which they difturb men's re^. 
 
 1 9. Valeria being afked, why, after the death of 
 her hufband Servius, fhe would not marry again, 
 anfwcred, *^ Ideo hoc facto quia Servhts meus, licet 
 aliis mortuus Jit^ ajyud me I'ivif, vivefque Jenifer y 
 This I do, becaufe my Servius, though dead to 
 others, lives, and will ever live, to me. See Diete- 
 rich. ii. 435. 
 
 10. Dr. Johnfon being afked, what he thought 
 of the Scotch univerfities : " Why, Sir," fnkl he, 
 " they are like a beficgcd town, where every mait 
 '' has a mouthful, and no man has a bellyful.'* 
 
 2.i The fame pcrfon, being afked by fome Scotch 
 philofophers, whether he thought a man would 
 jexift by choice, or ncccffity, rcpHcd " If an Eng- 
 Jifliman, by choice ; if a Scotchman, by ncccffity." 
 
 52. llochefler Ibid, with aftoniHiment, " That
 
 A P P E N D I 3^. 395 
 
 *' he did not know how it was, but Lord Dorfd: 
 ^' might do any thing, and yet was never to blame.** 
 Every botly excufed whom every body loved for thfe 
 tendcrnefs of his nature. Royal and Noble Authors, 
 p. 96. 
 
 23. On Lord Dorfet's promotion, King Charles, 
 having feen Lord Craven (a proverb for officious whif- 
 perers to men in power) pay his ufual tribute to him, 
 aiked the former, what the latter had been faying. 
 The Earl gravely replied,, "Sir, my Lord Craven did 
 *' me the honour to whifper, but I did not think it 
 '*' good manners to liften." ^I'his was cxa611y in the 
 ipirit of Charles's own witticifms. Ibid. p. 97. 
 
 24. When the dime Lord Dorfet was dying, 
 Congreve, who had been to vifit him, being afked 
 how he left him, replied,,," Faith, he flabbers more 
 wit than other people have in their bed health." 
 Ibid. p. 97. 
 
 25. Shaft efbury (author of the Chara6leriilies) 
 attempting to fpeak on the bill for granting coun- 
 fel to prifoners in cafes of high treafon, was con- 
 founded, and for fonie time could not proceed ; but 
 recovering himfelf, he faid, " What now happened 
 ^^ to him, would ferve to fortify the arguments for 
 ^' the bill If he, innocent, and pleading for othei*s, 
 *' w^as daunted at the auguftnefs of fuch an afTembly, 
 f* what mufl a man be who fhould plead before them 
 f'for his life?" Ibid. p. 106. 
 
 26. When the Lieutenant of the Tower offered 
 iStraffbrd a coach, left he flioujd be torn to pieces by 
 
 4 V the
 
 39^ APPENDIX. 
 
 the mob, in paffing to execution ; he replied, *' 1 
 *' die to pleafe the people, and I will die in their 
 * own way." Royal and Noble Authors, p. 163. 
 
 47. Henry Lord Falkland being brought early 
 into the Houfe of Commons, and a grave fenator 
 objedling to his youth, and " to his not looking 
 " as if he had fown his wild oats ;" he replied with 
 great quicknefs, " Then I am come to the properefl: 
 ** place, where arc fo many g&&{e to pick them up.'* 
 Ibid. p. 221, 
 
 28. " My dear Pouilly," fays Bolingbroke, " of 
 ^' all the men I ever knew in my life, there are but 
 ** three fit to take upon them the talk of govern- 
 *' ing nations ^)'ou and I and Pope." Pope had 
 rcfigned his underftanding to Bolingbroke ; who 
 was fo pleafed with the facrifice, that he thought 
 Pope, of all the men in the world, qualified to be a 
 frime mtnifter. This was moft undoubtedly Pope's 
 title; and it is natural for us to fuppofe, that 
 M. Pouilly de Champeaux held his eftate by the 
 fame kind of tenure. The letter containing this 
 very curious paflage was lately publilhed in the 
 preface to an edition of the works of Champeaux, 
 On the fame principle of vanity, Bolingbroke palmed 
 upon his friends a filly miftrefs of his for a wit, be 
 caufe fhc repeated good things which he had faid, 
 and pretended to have forgot. Ah, la fauvre hu-r 
 rnanitd ! 
 
 29. Repentance and renovation confift not in the 
 
 wiHi, or purpofc, but in the a6lual operations of a 
 
 9 good
 
 / 
 
 APPENDIX* 397 
 
 ^00(1 life. As Drydcn obfervcs, that fpeculative 
 painting, without the afliftance of manual operation; 
 can never attain to perfe6lion, but flothfully lan- 
 guifhes ; for it was not with his tongue that Apellea 
 performed his noble works. 
 
 30. The afcent to greatnefs, however fteep and 
 dangerous, may entertain an aclive fpirit with the 
 confcioufnefs and cxercife of its own power; but 
 the pofleflion of a throne could never yet afford a 
 lafting fatisfad:ion to an ambitious mind. This me^' 
 lancholy truth was felt and acknowledged by Scvenis; 
 Fortune and merit had, from an humble ftation, ele- 
 vated hini to the firft place among mankind. " He 
 ** had been all things," as he faid of himfelf, " and 
 " all was of little value." Omma fuit et nihil exp edit . 
 Diftra^ted with the care, not of acquiring, but of pre- 
 ferving an empire, opprcficd with age and infirmi- 
 ties, carelefs of fame, and fatiated with empire, all 
 his profpe6ls of life were e.lofed. Gibbon, i. 130. 
 
 31. " Though I fuffer," faid Auguuinc when 
 i5ck, " yet I am well, becaufc I am as God would 
 " have me to be ; for when we will not what he wills,s 
 " it is we that are in the fault, and not he, who can 
 ** neither do nor permit any thing but what is juft." 
 Letter xxxviii. edit. Benedi61. 
 
 2,1. " It is incomparably better,*' fays he in the 
 fame letter, " to fhut the door of our heart againfl 
 "jull anger, when it offers to come in, than to 
 '* give it entrance ; being uncei'tain, whether it may 
 
 *' Jiot
 
 5^ APPENDIX; 
 
 ^ nof grow too powerful for us to " turn it otit 
 ** again.'* 
 
 33. " Non eft epifcopatus art'ijicmm tranfigendce vif^ 
 ' fallacis. Epifcopacy ought not to^ be looked upon 
 *' as an eftablithment, or a means to procure the 
 " deceitful pleafures of life." Letter Iviii, 
 
 34. Nectarius, an heathen, interceding with Au- 
 gufline for fomc of his fellow-citizens, who had com- 
 mitted fome crime, urges this reafon to prevail 
 with him : " That it is the duty of a bifhop to da 
 *' nothing but good to mankind : not to meddle 
 * with their affairs ; unlefs it be to make them bet- 
 ** ler, and to intercede v/ith God to pardon their 
 faults." Letter xc. 
 
 SERPENTS. 
 
 The effc6ls of their poifon are wonderful ; as of 
 that called the copper-head in South x\merica. A 
 man ftung by otie became like a ferpent : fpots of 
 various colours alternately appeared and vanifhed oil 
 different parts of his body: rage filled his eyes^, 
 "which darted the moft menacing looks on all pre- 
 fent ; he thrufl out his tongue as the fnakes do, and 
 i'tjjed through his teeth with inconceivable force. 
 A ftriking picture of our great adverfary, and the 
 manner in which by his fuggcftions he adis on the 
 human mind, and fills it with his own temper and 
 difpolition. Thcfc effects from the bite of a ferpent 
 
 are
 
 APPENDIX. $9^ 
 
 are not more extraordinary, than the foamlngs and 
 barkings, and dilpofition to bite, which have been 
 obferved in cafes of canine madnefs. See Letters 
 from an American Fanner, by J. He6lor St. John, 
 letter x. Crit. Rev. April 1782, p. 267. See in 
 the fame place the account of a battle between two 
 fnakes, a Wack fnake and a water fnake, each fix 
 feci long, till they both fell into the ditch, where 
 one kept the head of the other under water till he 
 was fufFocated. 
 
 SEVERITY PROFITABLE. 
 
 Childrex are the better for the feverity of their 
 parents, and the reproaches of an enemy ferve oftea. 
 to corre6l and improve the perfon who is the obje<9: of 
 them. The cafe, if we credit Erafmus, is pretty much 
 the fame in the republic of letters. Ufiius Laurentii 
 T-^alLe mordac'itas fion pauJo flus coiidux'it ret Viterar'iie^ 
 qimm phirhnonun hieptus candor ^ omnia omnium Jine ds~ 
 hthi 7nirantium , Jthique invicem plaitdentiiim^ ac mntuum 
 (qiiod atunt) Jcabentium. Epift. iii. 96. The feverity 
 of Laurentius Valla did more fcrvice to the caufe of 
 letters, than the abfurd indulgence of thofe, who, 
 giving indifcriminatc praifc to the works of others, 
 expect the fame for their own, and, to ufe the words 
 Qi the proverb, agree in fcratching one another. 
 
 SIIAKSPEARE's
 
 Upd APPENDIX. 
 
 SHAKSPEARE's GENIUS. 
 
 Shakspeare was perhaps in fome inftanccs lefs in* 
 vcntive than commonly imagined. It appears from 
 JDr. Farmer's pamphlet, that there Was an aftonifliing 
 mafs of materials before him in old tranflations of 
 the claflics, of Italian tales, romances, &c. Some 
 of thefe are flill extant ; but many others, whofc 
 names are preferved, have periflied. From the former 
 be is feen continually borrowing. The celebrated 
 Ipeech of Volumnia to her fon, is a piece of fuch 
 remaining prole, only thrown into blank verfe. In 
 moll cafes however, though the clay pre-exilled, he 
 was the Prometheus who animated it. 
 
 SHYNESS. 
 
 Mr. Loveday ufed to ftyle it the EngTi/Jj madnefs^ 
 If indulged, it may be the caufe of madnefs, by 
 driving men to fliun company, and live in folitude, 
 which few heads are llrong enough to bear none, 
 if it be joined with idlenefs. Or it may be the 
 effect of madnefs, which is mifanthropic and ma- 
 lignant. Some fay p7'ide is always at the bottom 
 You do not like company, vou arc uncaf)^ in it. 
 Why ? You are confcious of fome infirmity which 
 difqualincs you from fliining, and making that figure 
 you wifh to ([o. Others excel you in breeding, con- 
 
 verfation.
 
 A P P E N D I r. 40t 
 
 verfatioti, and the arts of pleafing. You feel felf- 
 abafement and vexation at being thus abalhed and kept 
 under : you fly from the fcene of torment^ hating 
 your tormentors, and abufing them either to yourfelf, 
 or in fociety of an inferior fort, among thofe who 
 will join you, having perhaps fuffered the fame, or 
 worfe ; and fo you relieve and comfort one another. 
 All this, I am afraid, is too true. An Englifhman 
 is upon the refcrve, according to Mrs. Piozzi, by 
 way of fecurity, left he fhould fay fomething Open 
 to the cenfure and ridicule of others, and fo his cha- 
 rader fliould fufFer. This is upon the fame princi- 
 ple : and fo, if he cannot fay fomething fine and 
 witty, and worthy of himfelf, he fits fullen, and fays 
 nothing. Thus a whole company, among us, is 
 often filent for a confiderable time together, till 
 they wifh themfelves and one another j^r/z^^r. The 
 Italians, it feems, talk freely and eafily all that oc- 
 curs, having no fuch thoughts and fears. " A 
 " Frenchman," fays Ganganelli, " is fuperficial and 
 " lively ; an Englishman profound and gloomy." 
 Which is beft ? In a focial light, and as a compa - 
 nion, certainly the former. 
 
 SLAVERY. 
 
 He is a ilave, who cannot do that which he wilbes 
 ;to do, and which his fober reafon and judgment 
 didate to be done. When this is to be the cafe, it 
 
 C c is
 
 402 APPEND! X. 
 
 is rather better that the tyrant fhould be withouf^ 
 than within-, for then he is always at hand to 
 domineer ; and he is harder to be vanquifhed and 
 caft off. 
 
 SOBRIETY. 
 
 The refidcnce of wifdom is faid by one of the 
 ancients to he in dry regions, not in bogs and fens. 
 If the temperature of climate and foil have a great 
 cfFecSl upon the mind, that of the body muft needs 
 have a far greater; and he, who, by drenching 
 himfelf continually with liquor, puts his body into 
 ti*c ilate of Holland, may expcdl to hare the genius 
 of a Dutchman for his pains. 
 
 SOCIAL DUTY. 
 
 1. He, who laments that he has not leifure io pur^ 
 fue his /uidies, when he is called upon to perfoiTn 
 the duties of life, fays Epidletus, is like a champion 
 at the Olympic games, who, when he enters the 
 lifts, fhould fall a crying, becaufe he is not cxercilin|^ 
 without. 
 
 a. A neglc(5l of our duty to our friends and families, 
 or to any perfon who may juftly expc6l it from us, 
 cannot be excufed by allotting thofe hours to me- 
 ditation, to prayer, to religious ftudies, which be- 
 long properly to focicty, and to the exercife of focial 
 virtues. Jortin's Sermons, iii. 238. 
 
 SO CI-
 
 APPENDIX. 40J 
 
 SOCINIANS. 
 
 They projedled a league with the churches of 
 Algiers and Morocco, in the time of Charles II. 
 See their propofal to the ambalTador, in the works of 
 Leflie.-^Adam Ncufer, who was employed to intro- 
 duce Socinianifm into Germany, being difappointed, 
 went into Turkey, and en lifted among the Janifaries. 
 MoQieim, iv. 192. 8vo. where fee an excellent ac- 
 count of the rife and progrefs of Socinianifm and 
 its principles. Socinus thought Chrift was to be 
 worfhipped. (Stillingfieet, 149) Some of his fol-r 
 lowers went farther, and denied that article ; he 
 tried to reclaim them, but in vain.-^Sep Stillingfleet 
 on the Trinity, preface, p. 59. At p. 62 there is 
 a quotation from a Socinian writer, who ftyles the 
 Tartars " the fhield and fword of that way of wor- 
 " fhipping God." Paulus Alciatus is there men- 
 tioned, who from an Unitarian turned a Maho-* 
 metan. 
 
 SUICIDE, 
 
 A SCORPION-, when he finds himfelf inclofed, and 
 no way left him to efcape, will bend his tail round, 
 and fting himfelf through the head. And it is re- 
 markable, that this is the only animal in the cre- 
 ation, man excepted, that can be made to commit 
 fuicide. 
 
 Cc2 SUN,
 
 40^ APPENDIX. 
 
 ;.,suN. 
 
 If the. fun were intelligent, he would fee aftd 
 know all, even to the intimate fubftance of things, a^ 
 his rays penetrate to and affedl every atom of mat- 
 ter. Thus is the Deity intimate to the fpirits and 
 thoughts of men. Cudvvorth adduces the inllance 
 bf the fun, as furnithing an idea how all things may 
 be viewed and governed by the Deity without pain, 
 labour or fatigue, in anfwer to the objedlion of the 
 atheifls againft Providence ; (Bibl. Choif. ix. 64.) 
 and a noble illuftration it is as was ever conceived by 
 man. A curious paflage on the fubje6l of God's 
 omnifcience is cited by Le Clerc, in the fame place, 
 from Xenophon's Mem. c. iv. 17. edit. Oxon. 8vo. 
 God's glory confifts in the communication of his good- 
 nefs to his creatures, as the light difFufed from the 
 fun is the glory of the celeftial luminary. Cud- 
 vvorth, B. C. ix. 69. 
 
 SUNDAY SCHOOLS. 
 
 The different fe6ls may inftrudl each its own 
 children in a fchool of its own ; but I do not fee 
 how the children of different fe6ts can be inflru6led 
 together in one fchool, as their do6lrines, cate- 
 chifms, &c. are different : and the children are to 
 be condudled to feparate places of worfliip : the pa- 
 rents of one fort will not approve of their children 
 
 being
 
 APPENDIX, 405 
 
 being carried to the church or meeting-houfe of ano- 
 ther. How can you bring them all up in a catholic 
 ^ay, unleTs you have one catholic i. e. univerfal, 
 general, common religion in which to bring them up ? 
 To be of a catholic fpirit, is to unite in that one re- 
 ligion ; not to jumble together the errors, incon- 
 liftencies, and herefies of all. This muft end in in- 
 difference. It may bring the people of the church 
 nearer to the fedls ; but the prefent times do not 
 give us any hope, that it will bring the fe(5ls nearer 
 to the church. See Bruce, v. i. p. 519 523. 
 
 TARTARS. 
 
 THEIR CUSTOMS. 
 
 1. In Kardan, a province of Tartary, as foon as 
 a woman is delivered, fhe rifes, walbes, and drefles 
 the child. Then the hufband, getting into bed 
 with the infant, keeps it there forty days, and re- 
 ceives vifits as if he had lain in. It feemcth not 
 eafy to account for this cuftom. Apply this to the 
 cafe of authors who publifh other people's works as 
 their own, and take the credit to themfelves ; or to 
 re6lors, who value themfelves on account of the good 
 done by their curates. 
 
 2. Various have been the difputes, in different ages 
 and nations, about the objett of adoration. In 
 fome parts of Tartary, the inhabitants, to make 
 ihort work of it, worfhip the oldeft man in the 
 
 C c 3 houfe.
 
 4o6 A i P E N D I X. 
 
 lioufe, as the being from whom the reft of the -fa* 
 mily have received life and all things. Apply this 
 to thofe who dote upon antiquity, as fuch. 
 
 TEA. 
 
 The Mogul Tartars, Abbe Grozier tells us, who 
 feed on raw flcfh, are fubje6l to continual indigef- 
 tions whenever they give over the ufe of tea. It 
 may be the fame in fome degree with all who eat 
 fo much animal food as we do. It is true, the work 
 of digeftion is, made eatier by fire, in drelling; but 
 then our ftomachs are weaker than thofe of the 
 Tartars. Tea fnould not be drunk, but when there; 
 is fonicthing for it to feed upon. 
 
 TEMPERANCE. 
 
 J. Carnivorous animals have more courage, 
 and mufcular ftrength, and adlivity, in proportion 
 , to their bulk ; which is evident by comparing the 
 cat-kind, as lions, tigers, and likcwife the dog-kind, 
 with herb-eating animals of the fame bulk. Birds 
 of prey excel granivorous in ftrength and courage. 
 I know more than one inftance of irafcible paffions 
 being much fubdued by a vegetable diet. Ar- 
 buthnot. 
 
 a. Imitation requires judgment to difcern when 
 circumftanccs arc parallel; becaufc, if they are not, 
 jt will be abfurd and ridiculous ; as a goofe, that fees 
 
 another
 
 APPENDIX. 407^ 
 
 anotlier goofe drink, will do the fame though he is 
 Hot thirfty. The cuftom' of drinking for company, 
 when drink is difagreeable and prejudicial, feems to 
 be a cafe of the fame kind, and to put a man 
 (feathers only excepted) upon a footing with a 
 goofe. 
 
 3. The emperor of Abyflinia, at his meals, has 
 always an officer prefent, whofe bulinefs it is, as 
 foon as he perceives in his imperial majefty any ten- 
 dency to intemperance, to tell him of it ; upon which 
 he immediately rifes from table, and retires. See 
 Dr. Poncet's Journey into Ethiopia, in the Jefuits' 
 Travels by Lokman, vol. i. 
 
 4. " You Europeans," fay the Hottentots, *' arc 
 madmen. You build great houfes, though your bodies 
 take up but little fpace '. you have fo great a num- 
 ber of wants, in order for clothing and nourifhing 
 yourfelvcs, that, not contented with things fuffi- 
 cient for yourfelvcs in Europe, you come to this 
 and other countries, in order to dilpoflefs the in- 
 habitants of their clothes and food. With regard 
 to ourfelves, we want neither money nor wares : 
 as we neither eat nor drefs after your manner, there 
 is nothing can oblige us to work and difturb our- 
 felves as you do," 
 
 5. Hippocrates and Cornaro did fo much honour 
 to phylic and temperance, as to infurc their bodies 
 -from the attack of any difeafe ; nor were they mif- 
 
 taken, 
 
 Cc4 6, Por-
 
 4oa APPENDIX. 
 
 6. Porphyry's comparifon is very juft, that a fult 
 meal is like Sifera's banquet, at the end of which there 
 is a nail ftruck into a man's temples. See Arnold on 
 Ecclus. xxxi. 2,0. 
 
 7. A man who is determined, either by choice or 
 neceffity, to drink rum and water, Ihould keep a 
 jealous eye on his meafure ; that once violated, his 
 palate becomes vitioted ; and if reafon is not exerted 
 to prevent, it will feldom be found equal to the 
 talk of corre^ing a habit formed upon the ruins of 
 fortitude. Mofely on Tropical Difeafes, p. 55. An 
 admirable obfervation, deferving well to be regarded 
 by all who drink a mixture oi any Jpr'it with water- 
 or even of wmc and water. 
 
 TIME. 
 
 I . '* No man (faith Lord Bacon) can be fo ftralt-^ 
 cned and opprefled with bulinefs and an adtive courfe 
 of life, but he may have many vacant times of leifure, 
 while he expedls the returns and tides of bufinefs. 
 The queilion is, how thefe fhall be filled up ; with 
 lludy and contemplation, or with fenfuality and plea- 
 fure. A man may be out of his bed for fixteen of 
 the twenty-four hours : what might not be done in 
 that time?" See Rambler, 108. vol. iii. p, 14. 
 
 a. *' Every day is a year to a filk-worm, and has iri 
 " it the four feafons : the morning is fpring, the mid- 
 ** die of the day is fummer, the evening autumn, and'' 
 
 " the
 
 APPENDIX. 409 
 
 ** the night winter." Voyages and Travels, iv. 1 93, 
 from Navarette. To man life is a year, and a year 
 is a day. See the Idler. 
 
 3. Paft fcenes are generally recolledled with a fo- 
 lemn fadnefs, caufed by the thought, that the time 
 is gone which will never more return. Our days 
 muft be well and profitably fpent, if we would re- 
 member them with pleafure. 
 
 4. In our Chnllian courle, it is but too gene- 
 rally and too truly obferved, that as we grow older, 
 wc grow colder; we become more flack, remifs, 
 and weary in well doing. The rcverfe ought to be 
 the cafe, for the reafon affigned by the apoftle, 
 when, ftirring up his converts to vigour, and zeal, 
 and alacrity, he fays " For now is our falva-. 
 *' tion nearer than when we believed." In a race, 
 the pii/b is made at At/?. 
 
 5. What enabled Dr. Birch to go through fuch 
 a variety of undertakings was his being an early 
 rifer. By this method he had executed the bufineS 
 of the morning before numbers of people had be- 
 gun it. And indeed, it is the peculiar advantage 
 of rifing betimes, that it is not in ihe power of any 
 interruptions, avocations, or engagements whatever, 
 to deprive a man of the hours which have already 
 been well employed, or to rob him of the confola- 
 tion of reflecting, that he hath not fpent the day 
 jn vain. Biog. Brit. ii. 323, 
 
 6. There is a traditional anecdote concerning Mr. 
 
 Boyle,
 
 410 APPENDIX. 
 
 Boyle, that he ufed fometimes to have it infcrlbcci 
 over his doer ' Mr. Boyle is not to be fpokcii 
 with to-day." This was very proper in one who 
 was often engaged in procefles of the utmoft im- 
 portance, and which required an unremitted at- 
 tention. Indeed, if literary men, in general, could 
 ^nd a rational method of preventing the interrup- 
 tions of needlefs morning vifitants, it would be of 
 fervice to the profecution of many ufcful defigns. 
 Ibid. 514. 
 
 7. Cardan's motto was, ^* Tempus mea pojjrjjio, 
 *' tempus ager mens. Time . is my eftate, my land 
 that I am to cultivate." Lord, grant me ever to 
 confider this, and fo to cultivate it^ that it may bring 
 forth fruit to life eternal ! Amen, 
 
 TRIUMPH BEFORE VICTOPvY. 
 
 Nothing can be got, but much may be loft, by 
 triumphing before a battle. When Charles V. in- 
 vaded France, he loft his generals and a great part 
 of his army by famine and difeafe; and returned 
 baffled and thoroughly mortified from an entcrprife, 
 which he began with fuch confidence of its happy 
 iffue, that he defired Paul Jovius the hiftorian to 
 make a large provifion of paper fufficient to record 
 the victories which he was going to acquire. 
 
 TYPES,
 
 A P PEN D I X. 4ir 
 
 TYPES. 
 
 The Mofalc types are like triangular prilms, 
 that muft be fet in a due light and pofturc, be- 
 fore they can reprefent that great variety of fpirT- 
 tual myfleries contained in them. The office of 
 the prophets was to do this, and dire61 the people 
 to fee in tliefe glafies the Son of God fully repre 
 fented to their view. Still. Orig. Lee. b. ii. c. 5. 
 
 VAIN CURIOSITY. 
 
 Many people, inftead of minding their own 
 bufinefs, and fecuring their fouls, amufe them- 
 felvcs with enquiring what will be the fate of Hea- 
 thens, Jews, Turks, and other Infidels, till they be- 
 come little better than Infidels themfelves. " Lord, 
 *' and what fhall this man do ?" " What is that to 
 f^ thee ? follow thou me." 
 
 UNIVERSITIES. 
 
 I. It was a cuftom with the Gymnofophitls, every 
 day, at dinner, to examine their difciplcs, how they 
 had fpent the mprning ; and every one was obliged 
 to fhew, that he had difcharged fome good office, 
 pra6lifed fome virtue, or improved in fome part of 
 learning. If nothing of this appeared, he was fent 
 back Avithout his dinner. A mighty good inftitu- 
 
 tion.
 
 4X2 APPENDIX. 
 
 tion, furely ! Pity but it could be revived, and 
 pradtifed in collego halls ! 
 
 2.1 " For one loft by his own paffions/* fays Maty, 
 *' I have known at leaft forty men ruined by not 
 " heing told of their danger.''^ He propofes for re- 
 formation of univerlities 
 
 1. Expulfion of thofe who will not fubmit to rules 
 and orders, and a ftate of pupillage. 
 
 2. A rigorous exaction of the ftated appearances 
 at chapel, and in the hall. 
 
 3. To break, by varied hours of Ie6lure, the pof- 
 libility of long junketings. 
 
 : 4. Some feeling lectures from Plato and Epidtetus 
 OR the dignity and manlinefs of the honi vivere 
 ^arvo ; the dependance and fer\ulity of debt ; the 
 inelegance and future mifchiefs of promifcuous con- 
 cubinage. 
 
 WIT. 
 
 1. He, who facrifices religion to wit, like the people 
 mentioned by^lian, worfhips a fly, and offers up an 
 X to it. 
 
 2. Wit, like fait, fhould excite an appetite, not 
 provoke difguft ; cleanfe wounds, not create them ; 
 be ufed to recommend and preferve that which is 
 found, not be thrown away upon that which is 
 already rotten. 
 
 3. Wit without wifdom is fait without meat, 
 ,4 and
 
 APPENDIX. 41J 
 
 and that Is but a comfortlefs difli to fet a hungry 
 man down to. Wit employed to diiguife and pre- 
 judice truth, is fait thrown into a man's eyes. 
 
 4. Nothing is more abfurd than to divert a man 
 who wants to be comforted ; for fait, though an 
 excellent relifher, is a miferable cordial. 
 
 5. Jocularity fhould not be obtruded upon com- 
 pany when they are not in the humour for it ; as a 
 well bred man would no more force fait than pepper 
 upon his guefts, whofe conllitutions it might not 
 Hiiit '- 
 
 A CHRO-
 
 A 
 CHRON'OLOGICAL CATALOGUE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 WRITINGS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 RIGHT REVEREND GEORGE HORNE, D.D* 
 
 LATE LORD BISHOP OF NORWICH. 
 
 1751.'' I ^HE Theology and Philofophy in Cicero^s Sommunf 
 J_ ScipioJiis explained , or a brief Attempt to demon- 
 ftrate, that the Newtonian Syftem is perfectly agreeable to the 
 Notions of the wifeft Ancients ; and that Mathematical Princi-' 
 pies are the only fure ones. 8vo. London. 
 
 1753. A fair, candid, and impartial State of the Cafe 
 between Sir Ifiiac Newton and Mr. Hutchinfon ; in which 
 is (hewn, how far a Syflem of Phyfics is capable of Ma- 
 thematical Demonfhration ; how far Sir Ifaac's, as fuch a 
 Syftem, has that Demonftration , and, confequently, what 
 Regard Mr. Hutchinfon's Claim may defcrve to have paid it, 
 8vo. Oxford. 
 
 1754. Spicilegium Shuckfordianum ; or, A Nofegay for the 
 Critics. Being fome choice Flowers of modern Theology and 
 Criticifm, gathered out of Dr. Shuckford's Supplemental Dif- 
 courfe on the Creation and Fall of Man ; not forgetting Bi- 
 iliop Garnet's Vatikra. Duod. London. 
 
 1755. Chrifl: and the Holy Ghofl: the Supporters of the Spi- 
 ritual Life, i'rov. xx. 27 ; and Repentance the Forerunner of 
 Faith, Ifai. xl. 3, 4, 5 i two Sermons preached before the 
 "UniYcrfity of Oxford j tlic former at St. Mary's, on Sunday, 
 
 April
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL GATALOG0E. 415 
 
 April 13; the latter In St. Mary Magdalen College Chapel, 
 on St. John Baptill's Day, 1755. Svo. Oxford. 
 
 1756. The Almighty glorified in Judgement, Rev* x'l. 
 13,14 ; ^ Sermon preached before the Univerfity of Oxford, 
 on Sunday, February 15, 1756". Preached alfo before thd 
 Mayor and Corporation of the City of Oxford, and at fcverai 
 other Places, on Occafion of the late Earthquakes and Public 
 Fall. 8vo. Oxford. 
 
 1756. An Apology for certain Gentlemen In the Univerfity 
 of Oxford, afperfed in a late anonymous Pamphlet ; with a 
 fhort Poftfcript concerning another Pamphlet lately publifhed 
 by tlie Rev. Mr. Heathcote. Hvo. Oxford. 
 
 1760. A View of Mr. Kennicott's Method of correfling the 
 Hebrew Text, with Three Queries formed thereupon, and 
 humbly fubmitted to the Chriilian World. 8vo. Oxford. 
 
 1761. * The Cliriftian King, i Pet. 11. 21 j a Sermon 
 preached before the Univerfity of Oxford, at St. Mary's, Ja- 
 nuary 30, 1 761. 8vo. Oxford. 
 
 1 761. * Works wrought through Faith, a Condition of our 
 Juflification, James ii. 24 ; preached before the Univerfity of 
 Oxford, June 7, 1761. 8vo. Oxford. 
 
 1762. * Mercy to thofe who are of the Houfehold of Faith, 
 Lament, v. 3 ; preached before the Sons of the Clergy in the 
 Cathedral Church of St. Paul, INIay 6, 1762. 410 and 8vo. 
 London. 
 
 1772. Confiderations on the Life and Death of St. John 
 the iJaptift. 8vo. Oxford. A fecond Edition in Duod. wa 
 printed at Oxford in 1777. 
 
 1772. Confiderations on the projeled Reformation of the 
 Church of England. In a Letter to the Right Honourable 
 Lord North. By a Clergyman. 4to. London. 
 
 1773. *The Influence of Chriftianity on Civil Society, 
 Tit. ii. ir, 12; preached at St. Mary's in Oxford at the 
 AlTizes, March 4, 1773. 8vo. Oxford. , 
 
 1774. * The Good Steward, Ads xx. 35 ; preached In the 
 
 Chapel
 
 4i5 CHRONOLOGICAL CATALOGUE. 
 
 Chapel of the Afylum for Female Orphans, at the Annivef- 
 fary Meeting of the Guardians of that Charity, May 19, 1774- 
 4to. London. 
 
 1775. * Chrift the Object of Religious Adoration, and 
 therefore very God, Rom. x. 13; preached before the Uni- 
 yerfity of Oxford, at St. Mary's, May 14, 1775. 8vo. Ox- 
 ford. 
 
 1775. The Providence of God manifefted in the Rife and 
 Fall of Empires, I Sam. ii. 30 ; preached at St. Mary's in 
 Oxford, at the Aflizes, July 27, 1775. 8vo. Oxford. 
 
 1776. A Commentary on the Book of Pfalms ; in which 
 their literal and hiftorical Senfe, as they relate to King David 
 and the People n( ifrael, is illuftrated ; and their Application 
 to Meffiah, to the Church, and to Individuals as Members 
 thereof, is pointed cut ; with a View to render the Ufe of the 
 Pfalter pleafmg and profitable to all Orders and Degrees of 
 Chriftians. 2 Vols. 4to. Oxford. A fecond Edition was 
 publilbed at Oxford in 1778, in 2 Vols. 8vo. and three Edi- 
 tions more have fmce been printed. 
 
 1777. A Letter to Adam Smith, LL. D. on the Life, 
 Death, and Philofophy of his Friend David Hume, Efq. By- 
 one of the People called Chriftians. Duod. Oxford. Two 
 Editions of this fmall Piece have been printed. 
 
 1779. Difcourfes on feveral Subjefts and Occafions. 2 Vols. 
 8vo. Oxford- The fifth Edition has been printed in the pre- 
 fent Year (1795). 
 
 17S0. * Faft Sermon, Deut. xxiii. 9} preached before the 
 Honourable Houfe of Commons, at the Church of St. Mar- 
 garet, Weftminlter, February 4, i 780. 4to. Oxford. 
 
 1781. * Faft Sermon, Ifai. xxvi. 9; preached before the 
 Univerfity of Oxford, at St. Mary's, February 21, 1781. 4to. 
 Oxford. 
 
 1783. * The blefled EfFefts of Perfeverance, 2 ThefT. iii. 13 ; 
 preached in the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, before the So-, 
 ciety for promoting Chriftian Knowledge, June 12, 1783. 
 4to. London. 
 
 1784.
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL CATALOGUE. 417 
 
 1784. *The Antiquity, Ufe, and Excellence of Church 
 Mufic, Pfalm Ivii. 8 ; preached at the Opening of a new Or- 
 gan in the Cathedral Church of Chrift, Canterbury, July 8, 
 1784. 4to. Oxford. 
 
 1784. * The Character of true Wifdom, and the Means of 
 attaining It, Prov. Iv. 7 ; preached in the Cathedral Church of 
 Chrift, Canterbury, before the Society of Gentlemen educated 
 in the King's School, Canterbury, Auguft 26, 1784. 4to. 
 Oxford. 
 
 1784. Letters on Infidelity. Duod. Oxford. A fecond 
 Edition, with the fifth Edition of the Letter to Dr. Adam 
 Smith, was printed at Oxford, duod. 1786. 
 
 1785. * Sunday Schools recommended, Pfalm xxxlv. ix; 
 preached in the Parifh Church of St. Alphage, Canterbury, 
 DecemberiS, 1785. 4to, Oxford, 1786. 
 
 1786. * The Duty of contending for the Faith, Jude, verfe 3 ; 
 preached at the Primary Vifitation of the moft Reverend John 
 Lord Archbifhop of Canterbury, in the Cathedral and Metro- 
 political Church, July i, 1786. To which i*^ fubjoined, a Dif- 
 courfe on the Trinity in Unity, Matt, xxviii. 9 j preached in 
 the Cathedral on Trinity Sunday, 17H6. 410. Oxford. 
 
 *^* Thefe two Sermons were printed together in duod. 
 1788, by the Society for promoting Chriftian Knowledge,\ 
 and are in the Catalogue of Books diftributed by that Society. 
 
 178". A Letter to the Rev. Dr. Prieftley, by an Undergra- 
 duate. The fecond Edition was printed in the fame Year. 
 
 1788. * Charity recommended on its true Motive, 1 John, 
 IV. it; preached at St. George's, Bloomfbury, before the Go- 
 vernors of the benevolent Inftitution for the Delivery of 
 Poor Married Women at their own Habitations, March 3c, 
 1788. 4to. Oxford. 
 
 1790 Obfervatlons on the Cafe of the Proteftant DlfTenters, 
 with Reference to the Corporation and Teft A(ks. 8vo. 
 Oxford. 
 
 1791. Charge Intended to have been delivered to the Clergy 
 of Norwich at the Primary Vifitation. Two Editions 4to. 
 
 Dd I794'
 
 4i8 CHRONOLOGICAL CATALOGUE. 
 
 1794.. Difcourfes (Poflhumous) on feveral Subjects and 
 Occafions. Vol. 3d and 4th, 8vo. Oxford. A fecond Edi- 
 tion has been fince printed. 
 
 The Sixteen Sermons marked * have been collected into one 
 Volume 8vo, and printed at Oxford in the prefent Year 
 
 (1795)- 
 
 To this Catalogue may be added, the Letters in the Gentle- 
 man's Magazine for 1752 and 1753, ^g'^^d Ingenuus, in Reply 
 to the Letters of Candidus, on the Controverfy concerning the 
 Cherubim 5 the greater Part of the Preface to Dr. Dodd's 
 Tranilation of Caliimachus, publifhed in 1755 ; the Letters in 
 the vSt. James's Chronicle, commencing January i, 1767, un- 
 der the Title of The Mifcellany, by Nathanael Freebody; 
 the Republication of Dean Stanhope's Edition, of the Tranfla- 
 tion of Bilhop Andrev/s's Devotions, from the Greek, with a. 
 recommendatory Preface by Bifhop Home ; the Academy of 
 Abftralion, a Vifion, in the General Evening Poft, Auguflt 
 31, 1771 j Remarks on Voltaire's Pupil of Nature, in the 
 fame Paper, September 12, 1771 ; a Letter on the Con- 
 fcjfioiial^ figned Clericus, Auguft 17, 1771 ; another, with the 
 fame Sigriature and on the fame Subjeft, September 19, 1771 ; 
 a Modcil Propofal, humbly offered to the Confideration of the 
 Legiflature, printed on a Folio Sheet without Signature or 
 Date i the Papers figned Z in the Olla Podrida, a periodical 
 ;^'ublication, conduded by Mr. Monro, then A. B. and Demy 
 of Magdalen College, and printed at Oxford in 1787 ; fince 
 reprinted (178B) in an 8vo Volume; and the Cautions to the 
 Readers of Mr. Law, together with the Specimens of Poetry, 
 and Thoughts on various Subjetls, fubjoined to thefe Me- 
 moirs of the Bilhop's Life, Studies, and Writings. 
 
 This Catalogue is as exad as we can make it ; but we 
 know that the Bilhop publiihed fome other detached Pieces, 
 of which we cannot yet give an accurate Account. 
 
 FINIS.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 I NUV QllMi 
 
 1 NOV 01 1982 
 i Nov 
 
 REC U L 
 
 I WO 5 
 
 ;-uRL 
 1992 
 
 : 1S92
 
 5133 I'emoirs of the 
 
 H78m life^ studies ^ 
 
 and writings