omp/imenfs of See Page kW^ "EXAB. X AV\^ lBBe *V*xJ ,,AuroV /GaiAA-aketo,. */\O Cutter & Co. , Agents Missouri Steam Washer. . 134 iv INDEX. D PAGE Dallas Iron Works, Phelan & Co., Props ............................................... 91 Dallas Paint and Color Works .......................................................... 86 Dallas Paper and Bag Warehouse, H. Elsas & Co ...................................... 99 Dallas Steam Coffee and Spice Mills, Babcock, Foot & Brown, Props .................. 69 Dallas Wire Works, H. Holdersback ................................................... 54 De Stephano Bros., Foreign and Domestic Fruits and Produce ........................ 79 Drs. Davis & Sons, Homoeopathic Physicians .......................................... 65 Douglas Bros., Merchant Tailors ....................................................... 59 Douglas & Danover, Eeal Estate Agents ............................................. 132 Dougherty, J. S , General Land Agent ...................................... ........... 70 Downs, J. S., Staple and Fancy Groceries ........................ ..................... 83 Doyle, Geo. L., Corn, Oats, Hay, Barley, Etc .......................................... 70 Ducourt, E., Upholsterer .......................................................... 122 E. Eckford, Chas. G., Carpets, Oil Cloths, Etc ............................................ 89 Eclipse Lumber Yard, R. M. Page, Prop ........................... , ................... 106 Edwards, C. H., Pianos, Organs, Etc ................................................... 103 Elliott & Clark, Phoenix Planing Mill ................................ ' .................. 71 Emerson, Talcott & Co., Agricultural Implements, Kockford, 111., J. M. Wendellken, Manager for Texas ................................................................. 97 Erb, Paul F., Bookseller and Stationer ................................................. 128 Exchange Bank ........................................................................ Ill Flanders, J. E., Architect ..... ' ......................................................... 131 Fox, A. W. , Manufacturer of Candy ........................ .......................... 134 Frees & Son, Pianos, Organs and Musical Merchandise ................................ 109 Garlington, M. D., Commission Merchant. Grain, Fruit, Etc .......................... 58 Gluck, Jos., Cigars, Tobacco, Etc ...................................................... 132 Goldsmith Bros., Jobbers in General Merchandise ..................................... 56 Goslin, D., China Hall ................................................................. 73 Griffiths & Cowser, Lumber ............................................................ 67 Hamilton & Young, Wall Paper, Glass, Paints, Oils, Varnishes, Etc .................. 57 Hancock, W. T., Staple and Fancy Groceries .......................................... 125 Hanway, S. B., Dealer in Marble ...................................................... 129 Harry Brothers, Wholesale and Retail Stoves, Tinware, Etc ........................... 85 Hawes, J. K. , Furniture, Crockery, Glassware, Stoves, Etc ........................... 128 Henry & Guber, Props. Trinity Cigar Factory ........................................ 94 Hewett, Dr. O. B., Dentist ............................................................. 131 Hinckley & Son, Stoves, Tinware, Etc ................................................. 83 House, J. M. , Druggist and Pharmacist ............................................... 107 Howell, W. H., & Bro., Wholesale and Retail Druggists ............................... 106 Huey & Philp, Hardware, Iron, Stoves, Etc ........................................... 95 Hughes Brothers & Co., Baking Powder, Cider, Ginger Ale, Etc ...................... 104 INDEX. J PAGE Jones, F. T., Commission Merchant and Dealer in Grain 87 Kanady, C. D., Tinware, General Hardware and Builders' Supplies ................... 125 Kuehlthau, C. E., City Steam Laundry ................................................ 117 L. Land & Thompson, Real Estate and Land Agency ................................... 137 Lammers, H. T., & Co., Manufacturers' Agents and Commission Merchants .......... 56 Larmour & McCombs, Architects and Civil Engineers ................................. 124 Lawrence's Commercial College ................. ................................... .... 98 Leeper Brothers, Livery, Feed and Sale Stables ....................................... 123 Lehman Bottling Co., Mineral Waters, Ciders and Champagnes ....................... 129 Linskie, P. W. , Funeral Director ....................................................... 107 Live Oak Grocery, T. F. Loughlin, Prop ............................................... 72 Loeb, H., Grocer, Cotton Factor, Grain, Etc ........................................... 93 Louden, G. W., Second-hand Goods .................................................... 81 M Marsalis, T. L. , & Co. , Wholesale Grocers .............................................. 113 Matthews, H. S., Lumber Dealer ....................................................... 116 Mayer's Establishment, Restaurant and Saloon ........................................ 121 McCullough & Coff man, Livery Stable ................................................. 127 McEnnis & Co., Flour and Woolen Mill Agents, Etc .................................. 123 McKeand, Jas., Hay, Corn, Oats, Barley, Bran, Etc .................................. 133 McWhirk, A., Plumbing, Steam and Gas Fitting ..................................... 59 Meisterhaus, C., Beer and Ice .......................................................... 86 Metzler, A., Commission Merchant, Dealer in Grain and Produce ..................... 96 Meyer, Chas. A., Staple and Fancy Groceries .......................................... 136 Miller, A. C. D., Artistic Photographer ................................................ 72 Moflett & Lack's Steam Dye Works .................................................... 65 Momand, C. E., &Bro., Grocers ....................................................... 53 Moore, S. G., Doors, Sash, Blinds, Mouldings, Etc .................................... 118 Murphy & Bolanz, Real Estate and Collecting Agents ................................. 55 N Newman, Dr. S. , Dentist ............................... ............................... 71 / Noland & McRosky Hardware Co ...................................................... 120 Novelty Iron and Boiler Works ....................................................... 94 O Oliver Brothers, Shirt Makers .......................................................... 121 Patterson & Co., Fruits, Nuts and Candies ............................................. 115 Payne & Sheets, Manufacturers of Carriages and Wagons ............................. 62 Ploeger & Hoppe, Staple and Fancy Groceries ......................................... 122 Powell, E. M., Dealer in Texas Lands and Ranches .................................... 76 Prather, Ardrey & Ewing, Fire and Marine Insurance Agency ........................ 90 Vi INDEX. PAGE Rainwater & Stearns, Grain ....................... .................................... 84 Rick, Geo., Furniture .................................................................. 135 Robinson & Hart, Emporium of Art, Needlework ...................................... 105 S Sanger Bros., Wholesale and Retail Dry Goods, Boots and Shoes, Millinery, Etc ..... 67 Seixas, H. D., Stoves, House Furnishing Goods, Tinware, Etc ......................... 82 Shields, K., Window Glass, Paints, Oils, Etc .......................................... 77 Simon, F., Second-hand Goods of All Kinds ............................................ 104 Sinker, Davis & Co., Engines, Boilers, Steam Pumps, Saw Mills, Etc .................. 120 Smith, Ed. C., Undertaker ............................................................. 58 Southwestern Stoneware and Pipe Co . ................................................. 109 T Texas Mut. Aid and Endowment Association. Allen M. Hall, Sec'y ................... 92 Texas Newspaper Union, H. C. Jones, Prop ........................................... 79 The Bradstreet Mercantile Agency, Sidney Tabor, Sup't ............................. 100 The Dallas Rubber Stamp and Stencil Works and Texas Almanac Job Printing House 130 The Grand Windsor Hotel, W. C. Howard, Prop ...................................... 64 The G. W. Borland Publishing Co. , J . K. Churchill, Manager ......................... 95 The Howe Machine Co. , L. A. Wilson, State Agent .................................... 78 The Hunstable Boot and Shoe Co., Wholesale Boots and Shoes ....................... 118 The J. B. Watkins Land Mortgage Co .................................................. 81 The Mercantile Agency of R. G. Dun & Co., Geo. Osmond, Manager .................. 89 The New Home Sewing Machine Co., W. D. Knowles, Manager ....................... 101 The Texas Land and Mortgage Co. (Limited), of London, England, C. E, Wellesley, General Manager ....................... . ........................................... 80 V Vering, S. H., Alden Compressed Yeast .............................................. 60 Webster, Geo. A., Sewing Machines ................................................... 85 Weir Plow Company, Agricultural Implements, Buggies, Wagons, Engines, Etc. ..... 63 Williams, J. L., & Co., Druggists, Dealers in Photographic Stock. . ............... ____ 132 Wilson & Tozer , Architects ........................................................... 73 Witwer, John S., Wagons, Carriages, Buggies, Plows, Etc ............................. 100 Wolf, F., Saddles, Harness, Bridles, Etc ......................................... '.,.... 84 Worden, A. E., Guns, Rifles, Revolvers, Etc .............................. . 82 Peoria, Decatur & Evansville SHORT LINE QUICKEST in TIME ro ACL. POINTS- JIOBTH, WEST AM) HOBTHTOST. WHHMronMB ONLY LINE RUNNING SOLID THAIHS EYAHSYILLE, MATTOON, Decatur and Peoria At Evansville connection for both Passenger and Freight with this line is made, and thus taps the whole Northern Railroad System, giving it THROUGH CONNECTIONS AND FACILITIES -TO- PEORIA, ROCK ISLAND, ST. PAUL MINNEAPOLIS, CHICAGO ALL POINTS NORTH AND NORTHWEST, As well as all points in Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Dakota and Montana. The road is thoroughly equipped with the latest improved and best rolling stock, the track laid with STEEL, HAILS. Safety appliances on Passenger Trains, and courteous and attentive train officials. Take a trip over this line and you will be convinced of it. GEO. L. BRADBURY, H. C. PARKER, S. M. MILLER, Vice Prei. ui Sen. Mn;. Traffic Manager. Den. Pass, and Tkt. Agt. OFFICES, FKOFIIA, ILL. LAND & THOMPSON, REAL ESTATE DEALERS AND GENERAL LAND AGENCY OFFICE, WILL Attend to the Sale, Purchase, Exchange, and Lease of Lands; Locating of Lands; Paying of Taxes, and Protection of Lands ; Redemption of Lands from Tax Sales; Inspection of Lands and Perfecting of Titles; Make Investments for Capitalists, and Make Loans on Lands, and all other matters in any way connected with the General Land Office Business, in a Prompt, Reliable and Satisfactory manner. Farm Lands! Stock Lands! MINERAL LANDS i j Buying and Selling of Farms, Ranches and Stock. , OVER ONE MILLION ACRES OF THE FINEST GRAZING AND FARMING LANDS IN TEXAS For Sale at LOW RATES TO ACTUAL SETTLERS. Buy and Sell City Property; Rent and Collect Rents; Place Fire Insurance, Pay Taxes and Keep Up Improvements and Conduct a General Real Estate Business in all Branches. Being personally acquainted with the Prominent Land Operators and Real Estate Men of St. Louis, Chicago, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Baltimore and other Principal Cities, and possessing all other necessary facilities, we are enabled to place Property entrusted to us with a rare Promptness and upon such Advantageous Terms as but few Land Agents in Texas can Duplicate. Our Terms are Liberal, as the New Era of Low Prices Demand they Should Be. ^Correspondence Solicited, and References furnished on application. See Page 137. DALLAS: HER TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. INTRODUCTORY. The growth of the " Lone Star State" has been the wonder and admiration of the whole civilized world. While we stand in ecstacy and gaze upon her fine prairies and upon her broad rivers and lakes and the numerous cities, towns and villages that stud the State from border to border, we pause to take one long and lingering glance at Dallas, and with our feeble pen paint the picture of her birth, life and being; of her wonderful trade and commerce, her religious and social in- stitutions; to examine into the cause and effect, and, if possible, discover and show to the world what has tended to make Dallas the second city in commercial importance in this great State; to demonstrate to the people residing here that their work has only just begun and that the future of this city is brighter than pen can picture or artist portray. Forty-four years ago Mr. John Neely Bryan occupied a cabin on the spot where now stands the city of Dallas. Standing in his cabin door, as far as the eye could reach, no human habitation was visible and the stillness of the night un- broken, save by the hooting of the owl or the savage bay of the prowling wolf, or the rippling of the waters on the fair bosom of the beautiful Trinity, which in its onward course to the Gulf seemed to linger and laugh as it passed by the spot, where in after years was to be built a great metropolis. Now we stand upon the same spot in the center of a populous city, surrounded by all the refinements of wealth and cultivation, a city numbering with its suburbs nearly 35,000 souls, and embracing a vast amount of the industry, the energy and the excitement of business. Situated in the midst of a great agricultural region, with natural avenues and artificial roads tending to it in every direction, it is un- surpassed for the markets of husbandry. A writer speaking of Dallas has this to say : " There is no poetry in the history of Dallas. She did not awake one morn- ing to find herself a city; she grew not in a night, or in a day or year. Hers has been a long and continued struggle for supremacy, which, having gained, her people may well be proud of, and for which they deserve praise and admiration. Other cities in the State have sprung into existence in an incredibly short period of time, heralded their greatness and glory for a time to the world, and then, hav- ing over-reached the mark or builded beyond the requirements of the times, country and surroundings, fell backward to wait for progress; while Dallas, inch 10 DALLAS HER by inch, and year by year, slowly and surely grew, grew with a solidity that can never be impaired, until to-day she stands the most prosperous and one of the largest of Texan cities." If we are successful in showing that the prosperity of Dallas has resulted from the enterprise of individuals, it will be readily seen that we owe it chiefly to the commercial classes. Not that we would claim for them the sole honor, or deny the merits of others, for this would be as unreasonable as the fabulous dispute between the body and the limbs. We only place them in the foremost rank of an active, hardy, adventurous population, because, by controlling the wealth, the business and the resources of the country, they have been the chief agents in its rapid aggrandizement. The reader will bear with us a moment and excuse a pen prone to wander, while we touch for a moment upon a very important point as connected with this discussion. It is one of paramount importance, and should receive a much more attentive consideration than we can give it incidentally at this time. We refer to COMMERCIAL CHARACTER. What should be the character of those who act so important a part in the business of the country, who control its resources, direct its energies, and in a great degree form the moral standard which regulates the transactions of the whole people ? The mercantile mind of our country is sufficiently keen. The pursuit of wealth, attracting as it does intellects of every grade, includes among its votaries many of the most aspiring and most capable minds, and gives to them that constant and healthy exercise, which is calculated to sharpen the faculties, and, if united with reading and reflection, produces a high degree of refinement. The merchant should cultivate his mind and acquire knowledge, as an element of power. Dealing in the products of various climes, and of all the arts, and engaged in an intercourse, personally or by correspondence, which extends to all the marts of traffic throughout the world, he should be well acquainted with the geography of the globe, and with the productions, resources, habits, financial systems and com- mercial usages of all nations. He should know thoroughly the composition and history, the mode of production, cost, and all other incidents connected with every article with which he deals, and should be versed especially in the moneys and measures, the exchanges, the commercial laws and regulations of the various places to which his business relations extend. This much we insist upon, as actually necessary to the respectability of the mercantile character, and to enable the mer- chant to wield his capital to advantage. But the intelligent merchant should aspire to more than this. His position in society demands that he should place himself upon an equality with the most cultivated of his fellow-citizens. As a class, the merchants are the most wealthy men of our country. In social inter- course they mingle with the most refined, with those who are the highest in intel- lectual standing and official position. There is no place in society, no post in the government, from which the merchant is excluded. On the contrary his command of money, and the facilities afforded- by his relations of business, place him in a prominent position, give him the control of the various commercial and moneyed TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 11 institutions and render him the fit and active director and agent in the whole circle of public charities, and in the numberless endowments for literary and liberal purposes. Having thus opened to him a wide sphere of usefulness, he should enter upon it with a consciousness of its dignity and importance, and qualify him- self for the discharge of its duties by an assiduous and liberal cultivation of his mind and morals. The merchant should be a patron of the arts, a promoter of education, a friend to literature and science, an active agent in all public improve- ments; because his habits of business, his wealth, his connection with moneyed institutions, and with fiscal concerns, enable him to render efficient aid to enter- prises of patriotism and benevolence. He should be forward in every good word and work, also, as a means of blunting that vulgar prejudice, which supposes that the men who possess or control wealth enjoy exclusive privileges; and should show a willingness to pay liberally for the advantages of his position, whether real or imaginary, by using those advantages freely for the public good. There is another point in regard to commercial character, of greater delicacy, but which we do not feel at liberty to pass untouched, as it is the most essential to the honor and prosperity of the mercantile class, as well as of the community to which they belong. The most precious possession of the merchant is his credit. And here allow us to draw a distinction. The credit of the merchant does not con- sist simply in his wealth, or in his ability to borrow money by meana of his con- nections, or of the securities he may be able to offer. It is a gross fallacy to sup- pose that what is termed an "undoubted standing," requires nothing for its support but the possession of facilities for raising money. The credit of a merchant de- pends mainly on his character for integrity, capacity and industry. The true merchant is a man whose morality is as inflexible as the rules of arithmetic; his honesty is as invariable as the result of a correct balance-sheet. He should be not only honest, but strictly honorable, so that the confidence reposed in him should be unlimited. Such a man is trusted, not merely on account of his wealth, but in consideration of his personal character. The commercial virtues are so essential to the well-being of society, that their cultivation should be an object of sedulous care to the whole mercantile body, who should exercise a conservative influence by frowning upon every infraction of the laws of fair trading. Punctuality should be insisted upon as an indispensable requisite, and no man should be trusted or tolerated, who would forfeit his word, or violate his engagements. Society has a right to demand of all its members the observance of good faith, and it is only by insisting on this right that a wholesome public opinion is established. Especially should the merchants of a city like Dallas endeavor to establish a high tone of commercial character. They should set up a standard of strict and elevated morality, which every regular dealer and fair merchant would acknowl- edge to be just, and to which all should be required to adhere. They should patronize those virtues which adorn the individual character, which promote suc- cess in business, while they render its transactions safe and agreeable, and which are as beneficial as they are honorable to the community in which they flourish 12 DALLAS HER industry, honesty, temperance, and prudent economy while by inflexible rules and strict observances, they should discountenance fraud, deception, trickery and bad faith. When we speak of the rapid advancement of our country to its present high state of prosperity, we are easily led by national vanity into the employment of high sounding words which do not always lead us to satisfactory conclusions. Patriotism, public spirit, benevolence, liberty, education, the freedom of the press, our liberal institution^ the benign and pacific policy of our government, are re- ferred to as causes of our national growth and aggrandizement. We shall not dispute the happy influences of all these principles. But there is one element in the national character, one principle of action animating the entire mass of our people, which is greater than any other; nay, we will be bold enough to assert, more powerful than all others united. Whether it be called avarice, or the love of money, or the desire of gain, or the lust of wealth, or whether it be softened to the ear under the more guarded terms, prudence, natural affection, diligence in business, or the conscientious improvement of time and talents, it is still money-making, which constitutes the great business of the majority of our people; it is the use of money which controls and regulates everything. Whether the propensity for money -getting is beneficial or otherwise, depends upon circumstances. Industry is an admirable quality, its exercise is directly useful to the public as well as to individual interests, and it is accompanied by temperance, prudence, morality, and other virtues. But the desire of wealth, for its own sake, is far from .being a virtue. When money is greedily sought, without regard to the means of acquisition, the passion which directs its pursuit is base and sordid. The miser is a wretched man, a worthless citizen, a dishonor to the dignity of human nature. We are happy to believe that the acquisition of wealth does not necessarily, nor as we hope, usually, blunt the sensibilities nor destroy the manliness of a generous character; that it is not always a selfish and a mercenary occupation. If money be sought with moderation, by honorable means, and with a due regard to the public good, no employment conduces to nobler or higher powers of the mind and heart. And such should be the character of the merchant in a city that desires to keep pace with the advancement of civilization. He should guard his heart against the seductive influence of money; he should carefully shield his mind against the narrow precepts of avarice. Money should be regarded as the agent and represent- ative of the good it can be made to perform it should be sought as the instru- ment of self-defense against the evils of poverty ; of parental love, enabling us to provide for those dependent upon us; of public spirit, in affording the means of promoting the public good. Dallas has earned a high name for its energy and enterprise, and the public spirit and commercial honor of her merchants, and the city is now far upon the road to greatness. Let us now pass to and examine the claims and adaptabilities of the city of Dallas to the position we confidently and unhesitatingly ascribe to her. We believe TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 13 our true function to lie in that direction, and we trust a proper performance of duty and self-elected task will be the crowning result. As a city advances in wealth and numbers, and as its commercial affairs multiply, and the arms of its trade are stretching, reaching in every direction, it becomes an anxious and an interested public to know the importance of its demands, as well as the causes that have given it such prominent claims upon their patronage and attention. Trade watches with lynx-eyed vigilance, and with the keenest and closest scrutiny the manipula- tions of those who seek to secure its benefits, none the less than it does the points best fitted by natural means and artificial efforts, as the proper fountain head of supplies, or the channel through which its commodities must flow in the clearest, purest, least obstructed and least contaminated way. Actuated, then, by a desire to present to the world this statistical and descrip- tive work, systematically arranged and correctly reported, demonstrating the city of Dallas in all its varied phases, its trade and commerce, its importance, advant- ages and resources, we have undertaken the labor. Our purpose has not been solely to advertise the parties whose names appear individually, but to advertise the city itself; the benefit, if any to result, to be general. Our people have often refrained from scattering broadcast, as they ought to have done, information rela- tive to the mercantile and manufacturing advantages of this city; practical in their views, they have seemingly sometimes forgotten that man does not live by bread alone, and straightforward in their own general dealings, and governed exclusively in their transactions by economical or commercial reasons, they do not suppose it possible that such trifles as "ancient and fish-like smells" in market houses can keep one customer away from where he ought to go; or that such vanities as pagean- try, puffery and matters of that ilk can attract one tradesman when it is not his decided intent to buy. And yet, despite numerous prostrations of trade and com- merce, of financial shocks and failures all around, they present, to-day, a sounder and more solvent record than any competitive market, have preserved their commer- cial honor and mercantile respect intact, brought their city to a dignified promi- nence in the world of trade, and thereby commanded the respect, the attention and the admiration that such conditions have legitimately entitled her to. The varied features of the city's wealth and prosperity we propose describing, embracing almost innumerable branches of commerce, of mechanical arts and sciences, manip- ulated and carried on by a live, progressive and go-ahead-ative class of merchants and manufacturers who are aided in their transactions and labors by countless auxiliaries such as ready capital, cheap transportation, steam, concentrated labor, and the inexhaustible natural resources that a beneficent Heaven has placed in almost prodigal liberality at their disposal. These, guided by experience and a thorough knowledge of the people, and with indomitable foreign and domestic labor, energy, industry and skill, are fast transforming this young and thrifty city into a most formidable rival of any in this great and growing State. We do not propose, nor do we feel competent in the undertaking, to acquaint our readers with a minutely detailed account of all the commodities dealt in, their qualities and defects, the countries whence derived and the many items regarding 14 DALLAS HER them, that doubtless would prove interesting to the generality of people. The excellence of a business publication written on business subjects and " meaning business", oftentimes depends as much upon what it does not contain as upon what it does contain; and so many details, although in themselves useful, unnecessarily encumber a work designed to unfold the information we contemplate disclosing in this. A seriatum report of all the multifarious branches follow, supported by such indisputable facts and figures that gainsaying the truth will be folly, and which may convince the skeptical if any such there be, as to the importance of the city of Dallas. Therefore, choosing rather to let the eloquence of arithmetical calculation speak for us what grandiloquent phraseology and fancifully wrought speculation might fail to accomplish, we are not fearful as to the result. Some time has been spent in this investigation, and the reports are submitted as illustrative of the present status of commercial and manufacturing industry in Dallas. They are not exclusively of our own observation and knowledge, but that of others, and may be considered the opinions of one or more of the leading men in each branch of business; for large indebtedness is due to this source, both for original suggestions and confirmation of points otherwise doubtful. We do not claim for them exact- ness to the cent; to ascertain that would require the purse of Fortunatus, and inquisitorial powers far greater than we possess, but simply to state facts that have come within our range; facts which might be noticed by almost any person of ordinary intelligence, meeting with them as they do, on every thoroughfare of the metropolis, with convincing proof that Dallas is already a great commercial and manufacturing city. If the result of our labors, then, demonstrates to the merchants and business men trading with Dallas, or trading elsewhere, that under a system of liberality and progression our people have stimulated industry by rewarding ingenuity and by using most efficaciously the powers bestowed by nature upon them, that they have distributed their labor and capital most judiciously, diffusing general benefit to the country having intercourse with them, and built up for themselves a trade that is increasing and expanding, and is bound to result in a brilliant mercantile future for them, then, indeed, are we satisfied with the work, and " love's labor " has been rewarded. D^ LLAS TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. One of the most important considerations in the buikling up of a great city are the facilities for transportation, and one of the first enquiries made by the capitalist when seeking a location to embark in a manufacturing or commercial enterprise is, "what are the facilities for receiving and shipping goods ?" Viewing Dallas with respect to situation we may truthfully remark that she possesses almost unrivaled means of communication with all points in the State and directly or in- directly with all points of prominence in the United States. By glancing at a map of the country it will be observed that Dallas is the geographical center of that grand section of favored territory composed of Central Texas, Indian Territory, Louisiana and Arkansas a section of country, perhaps, the richest on the face of TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 15 the globe, and fast becoming populated by a thrifty class of people. Its peculiar situation in this respect and its singular advantages as a point for the interchange of manufactured commodities and raw materials, or for the exchange of the great products of this wonderful section, dignifying the place at once as the identical spot for the building up of the greatest internal market of the State. Its position therefore would naturally point it out as the established city through which the most direct lines of communication between the Northwest and the Gulf Coast cities would naturally pass, as would those striking the most available points for exchange of products between the Southern States and the Pacific Coast. Already we see the gathering strength of Dallas in this respect, and the possibilities are not only grand, but they are dazzling in their influence, and time time alone is needed to bring out immeasurable results. The pioneer enterprise in the system of rail- roads now centering at Dallas is the HOUSTON AND TEXAS CENTRAL RAILROAD. This road is of incalculable advantage to the city and intersects all the leading roads of the State. It traverses the State from north to south, extending from Houston to Denison, a distance of 338 miles. Passing directly through this city, it opens up the trade both north and south of Dallas to the Dallas merchant and makes this city the trading point for a large farming population on either side of the city north or south. At Houston it connects with the Morgan- Louisiana System of roads for the east and the Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio (the Southern Pacific System) from the west. At Hempstead it connects with a branch running to Austin, the State Capital. At Hearne it forms a junction with the International, connecting with Austin, San Antonio and Laredo on the west, and Palestine, Tyler and Long view on the east. At Corsicana it forms a junction with the Texas and St. Louis Narrow Gauge, connecting with Waco, Gatesville and other places of less note on the west, and Athens, Tyler, Pittsburg, Texarkana and a through narrow gauge system to Cairo, St. Louis and the East, making Kosse, Groesbeeck, Corsicana and many other smaller towns good feeders for Dallas on the south. At McKinney it connects with the East Line, a branch of the Missouri Pacific, that extends east to Greenville, Sulphur Springs and Jefferson. At Sherman it forms a junction with the Transcontinental, a branch of the Missouri Pacific, connecting with Bonharn, Paris and Texarkana on the east, and Whitesboro, Gainesville and Denton on the west; and at Denison, on the extreme northern border of the State, is the terminus, where it connects with the Missouri, Kansas and Texas, now under the Missouri Pacific's management. The management of this road has been ener- getic, conservative and unswervingly honest, and its achievements have placed it in the front rank of American railways and justly entitles it to the exalted position it occupies in the esteem of the traveling public, the merchant, the manufacturer and the shipper, admirably fitting it for being singled out as a prominent representa- tive of Dallas' greatness. TEXAS AND PACIFIC RAILWAY. This road is one of the many divisions of the great Missouri Pacific system, and is an important factor in the growth of this city. This system now embraces 16 DALLAS HER in all its divisions 6,029 miles of splendid track. Of this, the Texas and Pacific has 1,487 miles, the main stem running from Texarkana to Sierra Blaiica, ninety miles east of El Paso. This road, however, runs through trains to El Paso, arrange- ments being perfected by which their entire trains are run over the Southern Pacific track. At Texarkana connections are made with the Iron Mountain Road to St. Louis. This grand division of the Missouri Pacific grasps in its iron arms nearly all the principal cities in Northern and Northwestern Texas. The road-bed is in a splendid condition and the track laid with the best Bessemer steel rails. The en- tire equipment is first-class in every respect, and the employes attentive and polite to the traveling public. The results of this road to Texas and to Dallas are not to be measured by the impetus the enterprise has given to agricultural pursuits and the many other improvements it has wrought in the territory contiguous to its lines, important though the general outcome has been, and steadily enhancing in value as it is. The benefits are to be seen in the additional means of communi- cation with St. Louis in the Northwest and the Pacific Coast, in enabling the gulf port cities to grasp the hands of those on the Pacific Coast, in giving to the people a route to the Golden Gate, that is snowless from January to December, where roses bloom at all seasons of the year, and the hills are fragrant the year round with blossoms. The general offices of this road are in St. Louis. THE DALLAS AND WICHITA RAILROAD is strictly a Dallas road, but is now owned and controlled by the Gould system. It extends from this city to Denton, where connection is made with the main line of the Missouri Pacific from Denison to Taylor, and thence southward over the Inter- national to Austin, San Antonio and Laredo. CHICAGO, TEXAS AND MEXICAN CENTRAL. This road was built and finished in 1882, and is now called the Dallas Branch of the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe, or Texas Midland Route. The road has been projected north from Dallas, and when completed will give this city direct com- munication with Chicago, the great metropolis of the Northwest. TEXAS TRUNK LINE. This line extends from Dallas to Kauffman, a distance of about thirty-five miles. The objective point of this line is the Sabine Pass, a distance of two hundred and fifty miles. The general offices of the road are in this city. S. J. Adams, President; H. R. Irvine, Superintendent; A. Davis, Treasurer; W. A. Nason, General Freight and Ticket Agent. The road is in the hands of live, progressive men, and no doubt will soon be completed to its objective point. The foregoing will show the power of Dallas as a railway center. Her lines reach in every direction from the city, and connect her with all of the trade centers of the North and South. The value of such a system of railroads needs no com- ment at our hands, but suggests at once a greatness for Dallas outswelling the most ambitious dreams of her citizens. TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 17 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE OF DALLAS. In taking up this department of our labors we propose demonstrating so far as in our powers lie, the amount of business done in the different branches in this city. Our mammoth establishments for the sale of dry goods, groceries, hardware, queensware, drugs and all the articles that go to make up a general merchandise trade, contain immense stocks of every description and are conducted by merchants of acknowledged probity, energy, intelligence and wealth, some of whom were engaged in business here previous to the war, while a host of new houses have sprung up, increasing competition and imparting new vigor to the sinews of trade, which were impaired by the terrible convulsions of civic strife. They have thus confidently entered the lists of commercial rivalry with the merchants of larger and older cities. The very fact then, that they are able to compete with older markets, cities of greater wealth and population as well as established reputation, certainly demonstrates the possession of some wonderful influence or secret, explainabJe only, in our opinion, as commercial advantages. Our commercial agents, in pass- ing through this State and adjoining States, come face to face with drummers from Galveston, New Orleans, and St. Louis. It has been said that when "Greek meets Greek, then comes the tug of war," but we here proudly proclaim that our Greek has proven himself a veteran, and inscribes more victories on his commercial banner, by far, than defeats. He has been enabled not only to advance his lines into the disputed sections, but has established a cordon of friends who, for mutual interest, have fortified the posts and kept up an uninterrupted communication with this, the great basis of supplies. THE DRY GOODS TRADE. The dry goods trade of Dallas has its customers spread over a wide extent of territory. These customers are also, for the most part, merchants of moderate capital and dependent for their means of payment upon the population among which they are located. Any disturbance of the general prosperity, for instance a failure of crops, limits the demand for distribution, or interferes with facilities for collection; and there is no class so helpless, under such circumstances, as the coun- try merchant; consequently, he frequently fails in meeting his notes given to the jobber, and the latter, with so many little streams dried up at once, is still obliged to meet his payments, or he is utterly ruined. A country merchant pays his debts as soon as he can raise the money, or if he be less prompt, as soon as he can spare the money; while his creditor mut pay upon the day his note matures, or be posted as a bankrupt. It is this one-sided arrangement of his business, which leaves the jobber more exposed to embarrassment in his financial arrangements, and gives him less recuperative power, when he finds himself, from some error of judgment, "in a tight place." The jobber, therefore, must have capital, but his business depends less upon the amount of this, perhaps, than upon his personal qualifications. He must be a good judge of goods, for a stock well bought is half sold. There is many a stock of goods made up of items purchased at their fair market value, but altogether comprising an assortment totally unsaleable. It is far IS DALLAS HER better, then, to have a dear stock judiciously selected and well assorted, than to have the cheapest stock of undesirable goods. Whatever maxims may be found in " Poor Richard" which will not bear the test of a sound philosophy, this one at least, is of the genuine stamp " Nothing is cheap that is not wanted." In knowl- edge of the trade, in abundance of. capital and in point of judicious purchases for this section, we claim, then, for the houses doing business in Dallas a standard un- surpassed, if equaled, by any city of the State. Of late years the habit of drum- ming has become almost universal, not only with dry goods but with all branches of trade. Drummers are sent out into the country with their packages of well assorted samples, and drummers are kept stationed in the city, like sentinels, to herald the advent of a visiting customer. The country merchant is booked upon his arrival, is captured by courtesy, and attracted by generous and disinterested appeals to his several tastes and habits. He finds the " drummer" a jolly, good soul and soon he is "hail fellow well met." Sometimes, however, our "country cousin " is annoyed no little, for once gaining the reputation of being a new cus- tomer, he is soon set upon by numerous rivals, as assiduous in their attentions as a life insurance agent in talking up this, that, or the other system of " policy." It may be assumed, in the meanwhile, that it is to the advantage of the country merchant to visit the city more frequently, for here he has larger stocks to select from, and is generally better satisfied than with purchases from mere samples. The amount of stock to be kept on hand, however, is generally determined by each according to his location and the nature of his business, but the smaller the better, where the wholesale market is so near at hand, and the assortment can be readily renewed. Retrospectively, we may say, that ten years ago, the dry goods trade of the city of Dallas was very small and quite insignificant as compared with the trade of to-day. Its customers were then confined to a narrow scope of country, and the sales were limited. After a decade had passed, we again visit its marts. Colossal brick and granite warehouses, rising in their grandeur, story above story, meet the eye. These are filled and teeming with all classes of goods applicable to this trade. A cursory glance through the various departments is hardly sufficient to give a cor- rect idea of the vast stocks and seemingly exhaustless varieties there displayed. Here we meet with innumerable samples, variformed and variegated. Here are the goods from the four quarters of the globe. Here are the goods from almost every nation and clime beneath the skies. Silks, cloths, cassimeres, satinets, ker- seys, jeans, tweeds, linseys, flannels, tickings, cfiecks, plaids, alpacas, dress goods, ginghams, prints, muslins and drills, in short what one would see in a visit to our dry goods houses would fill an interesting volume, for, of themselves alone, they present to the eye a busy map of life to be met with nowhere else outside of a metropolis. And so this trade has increased so much that we now have mammoth houses engaged in wholesaling dry goods and notions, all doing a healthy, remunerative business, and each one flourishing on their own industry and energy; for, having commenced with small means, they have gradually advanced and increased, until TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 19 they now possess ample capital to compete with any market in the South. With the advantages of transportation, possessed by this city, like bold pioneers, they have penetrated far into the sections of the country formerly the customers of other cities; and that they have been vastly successful in directing trade this way, their largely augmented sales sufficiently prove. As further evidence of this statement, let us call attention to the aggregate sales of 1884, which, despite the damaging in- fluence of a Presidential campaign, shortness of crops, and other detriments, amounts in round numbers: Wholesale, $2,000,000; retail, $1,600,000; giving us a grand total of not less than $3,600,000 for the year. OUR RETAIL HOUSES. We have, lastly, among the dealers in dry goods, the retailers. The significa- tion of the terms employed in designating the other classes, is obvious, but the derivation of this name is less generally understood. It is from the French, retailler, and signifies to cut again, to divide; a retailer of dry goods is, therefore, one who sells in small quantities as needed for consumption. In country towns there are few retailers who confine themselves exclusively to the traffic in dry goods; but in the city this trade is not only separated from others, but there is frequently a further division, one merchant retailing silks, another woolens, another laces or trimmings, etc., and the competition is quite as spirited as among the jobbers and importers. There is no situation where popular talents contribute more largely to success than in a retail dry goods store, whose patronage depends solely on the public favor. A merchant gifted with good temper, exemplary patience, ready address and thorough knowledge of human nature, will grow rich next door to a starving cynic. Occasionally a man of sour temper, but possessed of sound judg- ment, and a thorough knowledge of his business, will, by keeping a more perfect assortment than his amiable neighbor, succeed in attracting a larger custom, but this patronage is in spite of his irritability, and will be heartily transferred the moment the same convenient assortment is found accompanied with greater affa- bility. The best foundation for this business is downright thorough-going honesty. We would not advocate honesty, simply because it is the best policy, as this is too groveling a motive for the first principles of morality; nor is it worth while for a dealer with sanctimonious face and " white upturned eyes to wondering mor- tals" to pretend to be honest, if he has not the principle, solely for the sake of se- curing custom. Even country people detect the ring of the false metal, and there- fore it is essential to eminent success in the distribution of goods, where there is so much of detail, that the merchant should stand high for probity; for trickery of any sort, although it may put a few dollars in the pocket at first, will soon wear a reputation threadbare and dry up the sources of lawful gains. With these facts cited, we take especial pride in testifying that for honesty of purpose, and that due consideration of the comfort or welfare of others, which is the foundation of all true politeness, the retail dry goods merchants of Dallas have become popular wherever known. Being shrewd business men, they have gone even farther, and studied the interests as well as the feelings of their customers, and this has enabled them to secure a widespread patronage, stationary and regular. They never per- 20 DALLAS HER suade a reluctant customer to purchase an article that is not likely in the end to suit his taste or convenience, having too much regard for the futurity of their busi- ness and too little respect for that kind of quackery which shows itself in wetting sound goods, that they may be sold as damaged in order to attract custom; or in " selling off at coat" to get an extra profit from simple-minded customers, which may have a brief success like other quackeries, but will be sooner or later exposed. The retail dry goods dealers of the city, with scarcely an exception, are gen- tlemen " born and bred " in the business. They have not chosen the occupation because they consider it less laborious, and not so degrading, as pursuits involving manual labor, for, indeed, that would have been a strange hallucination, judging simply, but frequently, by the care-worn faces, brought on by following a trade that requires constant personal attention from an early morning hour until late at night. Fond parents, who fancy that white hands and a well-tied cravat are the signs of gentility, and who manage to get their sons into a dry goods store, imag- ining that they are on the royal road to fortune and otium cum dignitate, find them- selves soon undeceived, for there is an amount of drudgery and up-hill toil, inci- dent to the proper conduct of the business, that justly entitles those fitted, both by nature and application, to conquer its difficulties, to obtain its just rewards in their broadest sense. Among other requirements, it is absolutely necessary that a proper idea of system, or order, in the arrangement of a stock should be maintained; for not only is a great deal of time wasted in looking for articles which have no defined loca- tion, but the goods become tumbled, and present anything but an attractive appearance. The arrangement of their stocks for effect, therefore, is not beneath the attention of our merchants, who have made their stores models of method, and been materially assisted in their disposal thereby. And with all these points considered, we feel fully justified in ranking the retail dry goods houses of Dallas, not only equal, but superior, to most any city in the Southwestern country. In the varied lines of staple dry goods, they are certainly unsurpassed, in quality, quantity, diversity of goods, or cheapness of price. While in dress goods, of every description, no competitive houses present more favorable bargains. In the finer goods, the display is but little short of wonderful. In all sincerity, it would be an arduous task to properly detail, in a circumscribed sketch, the many inter- esting facts to be gathered here. The trade is certainly one of our most prominent pursuits and metropolitan features. It not only takes in the entire custom of the city, but there is scarcely a day that one does not see whole troops of ladies, who come here from adjacent places, to do their " shopping." From a radius of one hundred miles, and including some of the wealthiest and most fashionable cities, towns and villages in the State, diurnal quotas arrive, and the vicinity of the retail dry goods emporiums is one of bustle, and trade, and commotion. THE GROCERY TRADE WHOLESALE. In its wholesale branch the grocery trade of Dallas engages the attention of more merchants than any other one vocation. In the crowded thoroughfares of TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 21 the city may be found its spacious warehouses, one day being filled, and the next day, as it were, emptied of their immense stocks, for, of all mercantile pursuits, none surpass this branch for vivacity and bustle. On every street and thorough- fare one encounters the throngs of well-laden drays and ponderous transfer wagons, rolling ceaselessly and noisily in their busy career, which, mingled confusedly with the emphatic and sometimes profane ejaculations of the almost innumerable army of teamsters, and draymen, and porters, and laborers, all highly essential features of the trade, present a truthful panorama of a commercial Babel, yet everything moving with the regularity of clockwork. Costly and capacious build- ings, in keeping with the demands of the trade, are being erected in the leading marts. New sections of country, rich in resources, are being made tributary, until the business now stands out bold and prominent, symbolizing that eminent quality of go-ahead-ativeness that characterizes the Dallas wholesale grocery trade, either as individual firms, or taken as a fraternity. To meet this gratifying growth and wide-spread enlargement, how are our merchants prepared ? Go into the ware- house, and if an appearance of quantity and variety please the eye, it is here in per- fection. Coffee from the West Indies and Brazil, and tea from China, stacked along- side with sugars from Cuba and sugars and molasses from Louisiana, and rice from the Carolina plantations. There, too, are huge piles of salt and pepper, and all the condiments from " where the spicy breezes blow soft o'er Ceylon's isle," and which to alter the old adage, make up the " variety of life." There are all manner of canned goods the "crustaceous bivalve" and the lively sardine fish, fruits, soaps, candles, cheese, preserves, jellies, candies, and the thousand and one articles inci- dent to the trade, arranged in order, and standing pyramidical in their huge accu- mulations. Since the war this trade has been constantly extended until to-day it covers a larger scope of country than at any time before or subsequent to the cessation of hostilities. Our merchants, however, have surmounted and conquered many diffi- culties, and the trade is to-day in a healthy condition. The annual jobbing trade will amount to $5,200,000, while the retail transactions are certainly not less than $2,000,000, giving us a grand total of approximated value seven million two hundred thousand dollars. The handsome figures shown in the retail sales evidences the marked growth of the city, and a flattering increase in the resident population. Dallas merchants have invariably, since her earliest days, stood high for their energetic undertakings, their clear-sightedness, integrity in transactions, as well as for that controlling lever of success plenteous capital to push their interests to the very verge, nay, within the very precincts occupied by older markets. We assert, proudly, too, that but few cities in the Union can exhibit the same records as to solvency. Examine your mercantile directories, or inquire of your banker, and both will sustain us, that if failures have ever occurred, they have been decidedly few, none of them involving large sums of money, since our trade assumed any- thing like its present proportions. The leading firms are Armstrong Brothers, on Commerce street, and T. L. Marsalis & Co., corner Commerce and Murphy streets. DALLAS HER THE BOOT AND SHOE TRADE. Among the various ramifications of trade in our midst, that have been pushed forward to a position of prominence and magnitude within the past few years, we know of none that ranks in better condition than our wholesale and retail boot and shoe interests. Standing next in importance to dry goods and groceries in the aggregate value of merchandise sales in this city, it affords a pleasing illustration of what a few enterprising and liberal merchants can accomplish, both for the trade and themselves. But a few years ago the entire trade in boots and shoes would not reach $100,000; but coming into the hands of an active and resolute class of merchants, who had unlimited confidence in the marked and superior advantages possessed by Dallas, as a point for wholesale distribution, they have been con- stantly increasing their stocks, maintaining a very close margin of profits, advertis- ing their business extensively, and in this manner successfully cultivating a trade which was accustomed to seek other cities. And still, not satisfied with the re- stricted area heretofore tributary to this market, they have sought for, and obtained, new customers at places which could be easily reached and controlled from this point. To indulge our erratic pen for a few moments, we are led to consider the an- tiquity of pedal casings, and to present some curious facts connected with their his- tory. We believe, the first mention of shoes, in Biblical literature, occurs in Exo- dus, iii c. 5 v., when the Angel of the Lord appeared unto Moses in a flame of fire, out of the midst of a bush, addressing him thus: " And he said, draw not nigh hither; put thy shoes from off thy feet, for the place whereon thou standest is holy ground." Again, in Deuteronomy, xxxix c. 5 v., wherein Moses, speaking of the covenant of the Lord with the children of Israel, after their escape from the land of Egypt and the hosts of Pharoah, the following language is employed : " And I have led you forty years in the wilderness; your clothes are not waxen old upon you, and thy shoe is not waxen old upon thy foot," which evidences great perfec- tion in the manufacture of shoes in those days. But the oldest form of the shoe, it appears, was that of the sandal, a sole to be worn under the foot, and secured to it by thongs. The ancient Egyptians made sandals of leather, and Others, for the priests, of palm leaves and papyrus. The Hebrews made use of similar protections for the feet, sometimes formed of linen and wood, while those of soldiers were of iron and brass. Among the ancient Greeks and Romans, the use of shoes was not general. Mercury, the " Messenger of the Gods," and the Deity who presided over commerce and eloquence, was usually represented with a winged hat on his head) and winged shoes, called talaria, on his feet. In Homer's Odyssey we find him thus portrayed: " The God who mounts the winged winds, Fast to his feet the golden pinions bind, That high through fields of air his flight sustain, O'er the wide earth, and o'er the boundless main, He grasps the hand that causes sleep to fly, Or in soft slumber seals the wakeful eye: Then shoots from heaven to high Pieria's steep, And stoops incumbent on the rolling deep." TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 23 The Spartan youths were trained to go barefoot, and the heroes of the Iliad are usually described as without shoes when armed for battle. Socrates, Phocion, and Cato, it is said, frequently went barefoot though the females usually wore shoes, and their use finally became universal. Shoemakers have their tutilary saints in Crispin and Crispinian, who were put to death about A. D. 287. The tradition is, that they were brothers, belonging to a noble Roman family; that be- coming converts to Christianity, they took refuge in Gaul, from the persecutions under Diocletian, and that they preached the gospel at Soissons by day and exer- cised the trade of shoemakers by night. They converted multitudes before their martyrdom under Maximain. The societies of shoemakers known as St. Crispin are named in their honor. Shoes have also had a varied history in England. In the reign of William Rufus, a famous beau, Robert, surnamed the Horned, intro- duced shoes with long pointed toes, twisted like a ram's horn. Though inveighed against, the style became fashionable, and in the reign of Richard II., the points had increased to such extent that they reached the knee, to which they were se- cured by chains of silver and gold. The upper parts were cut to imitate the win- dows of a church, and the whole was made extravagant and conspicuous. For three centuries, it is said, the clergy, popes, and public officers, sought in vain, by decla- mations, bulls and orders, to break up the fashion, and finally, by act of Parliament, shoemakers were prohibited making for the " unprivileged classes any shoes with points more than two inches long." Boots were first known about the fifteenth century, and were originally so-called from their resemblance to a sort of leathern bottle for carrying liquors, called in Spanish bota, and in old French bouts. Hence, when reference now-a-days is made to " snakes in the boots," the natural inference points to an undue amount of the revivifying liquid in the internal possession of the wearer. But changes have taken place in the past few years, even in the local boot and shoe trade, for, like everything else made for wear, they are ruled by the stern fiats and fanciful whims of fashion, and what is in season one year, is oftentimes obsolete and considered quite " out of style " in the next. But these changes have generally been for the better; and to cite an instance familiar to many of us, we will state that now-a-days a negro will not wear a " Brogan Shoe," as in the days of yore, but instead must have a pair of "Star Boots," or an "Oxford Tie," or some other encasement for his delicate and diminutive pedal extremities, with an equally euphonious name, and made of material equally as soft and pliable. And so, too ; with the females of that " previous condition of servitude"; they now no more think of wearing anything short of cloth gaiters which, par parenthesis, usually range in sizes from Nos. 6 to 9 than would our most fashionable belles condescend to hide their dainty feet in the casings of "Ancient Africa." The result of all these revolutions, however, has been to force dealers to buy nothing but the most stylish and best articles, and in these respects Dallas dealers are distanced by none. After these preliminary remarks, perhaps, we are privileged to enumerate a few of the many inducetnents for custom that are held out by our jobbers. Stand- ing, as they do, "A No. 1," in Eastern markets, and being gentlemen of capital, 24 DALLAS HER energy and promptness, they have made the wants and specialties of their tribu- tary trade the objects of their undivided study. The business is conducted on as liberal terms as in any market in the country, and consequently goods can be, and are, sold much lower than in markets that strain a point to sell on long time and charge up a ravenous profit to their customers. Large and well assorted stocks are kept here the year round, and retail merchants, living in the adjoining counties, are not necessarily compelled to buy more than a few weeks' supply at one time, thereby always keeping only fresh goods, and just such as their cus- tomers want, avoiding the chances of old and unseasonable goods that Eastern jobbers frequently palm off on inexperienced dealers, and in addition, reducing their liabilities. They also save time, and traveling and freight expenses. The difference in house rent, clerk hire, cost of living, all in favor of Dallas, are argu- ments of weight, also. Operated then on a liberal basis, we have close, prompt buyers, while the " slow pay " goes East, buys on credit, pays more exhorbitant prices, loses time, and violates the custom of patronizing home merchants that very custom that puts bread into his own mouth. Another fact which stamps the superior advantages of Dallas, as a wholesale boot and shoe market, is this: Dallas jobbers buy their goods exclusively from first bands, and in many cases having the goods made for their express orders, and on as favorable terms as any jobbing house of New York, Philadelphia or Boston, can sell as cheap as any of them, only adding transportation charges. Another fact, wholesale dealers, being more extensive buyers than retailers, control the manufacturers, and whenever they are found working against their interests, as is their right, often withdraw their patronage. Therefore, 'the choice lays between the jobbers of Dallas and those of other cities, not between the retailer and manu- facturer. HATS, CAPS AND STRAW GOODS. In some form or other, man appears to have made use of a hat to protect his head from the cold of winter, the burning rays of the sun, or against the blows of battle, from the most remote periods. As a part of defensive armor, the hat was the helmet, which still retains its primitive shape; as a protection from the weather, it was the cap, such as we see in the ancient figures representing the Goddess of Liberty. Among the Romans a cap was regarded a symbol of liberty, and slaves were presented with a cap on receiving their freedom. Hats, as a piece of dress, seem to have been introduced as a distinction among the Ecclesi- astics in the twelfth century, though it was not till the year 1400 that they were generally adopted by respectable laymen. But in nearly all ages, the hat being the most conspicuous article of dress and surmounting all the rest, it was natural to give to it special care and attention, to place in it showy plumes and jewels, and surround it with bands of gold and silver. According to an old ballad, descrip- tive of the different kinds of covering for the head : " Any cap, whate'er it may be, Is still the sign of some degree." TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 25 The rank of persons being determined by the shape of the hat, we find that the King donned the crown as a badge of his royalty; the Cardinal wore a red hat, indicative of his willingness to shed his blood for Jesus Christ; and the Court Jester adorned his conical-shaped head covering with a diminutive tintinnabulat- ing bell. So, too, even at this date, we frequently measure a man's importance by the appearance of his chapeau, and there are " none so poor to do him reverence," who persists in wearing "a shocking bad hat", or a miserable "little old hat." From general statistics, we learn that it has been estimated that a capital of about $12,000,000 is invested in the trade in the TJjiited States; that about 36,000 persons, male and female, are employed in it, and about 22,000,000 hats and caps are annually made, of the value of $36,000,000. The local hatting trade, though unquestionably entitled to rank as a leading pursuit in Dallas, from the aggregate value of its merchandise sales as well as manufactures, has so few salient points, and has been so little indebted to the labors of the inventor, that a few words respecting it must suffice; yet, as an evidence of the further subdivision of trade, and as an evidence of its great increase, year by year, very much may be said. Virtually, the same rules governing the wholesale departments of trade, in the way of dry goods and notions, and boots and shoes, in Dallas, will apply to those houses engaged in the sale of hats, caps and straw goods. The same care in the selection of goods for this locality, and the same arguments that may be advanced concerning their advantageous condition may be applied here. In an economical point of view, the most gratifying feature that we have to note in this pursuit is the progressive and indomitable spirit of enterprise mani- fested by the hat dealers of Dallas, and their establishments may be stated as entirely independent of the vaunted " leaders and introducers of fashions for gen- tlemen's hats" of the North; for by uniform excellence in purchase of articles adapted to the home market, they have attained a very desirable and enviable reputation. It has been their aim, also, to introduce the most novel and original styles; and as a means to this end have established connections with the best manu- facturers of the country whereby they are in receipt of all new goods and new styles as soon as they make their appearance in the great emporiums, bringing us to the standard of a first-class market, and quite as much in " fashion" as any of them. They have thus brought the taste of wearers to the very doors of their patrons, and been more uniformly successful in introducing beautiful designs than the svi-disant "leaders" botchers, who, frequently ignoring the cultivated taste of our Southern and Western customers, substitute and try to palm off the crude vag- aries of their own imaginations. For artistic beauty and excellence of quality, as well as for the favorable prices asked, we claim, then, for the wares sold in Dallas, inducements co-equal with those offered in any, of the largest and most celebrated jobbing markets in America. Before closing this article we should state that these houses also deal heavily in straw goods. The total trade in this branch of business will aggregate $200,000 annually. 26 DALLAS HER CLOTHING AND THE CLOTHING TRADE. If it lay within our province to give a detailed history of man's garments, by diligent labor and research, a very considerable volume could be made of this sub- ject, but as we can only glance at some of the most important points connected therewith, we shall not trespass on ground beyond our boundaries, and speak only of the more prominent features. Very few persons at the present day care to think of the time when men were clothed in the skins of wild animals, or take time to admire the ingenuity and taste employed in the production of the articles of their dress. Because garments are common, we are apt to regard them as natural, as if they grew and were not made, arriving at their present perfection at one spring, instead of being the slow growth of not only centuries but thousands of years. We do not read of any woven fabrics until the time of Noah, when reference is made to garments in a language which leaves the mind impressed with the idea that they were of a manufactured substance. One of the peculiar characteristics in dress with all, or nearly all Eastern nations, is the habit of wearing flowing robes. The Turks, Arabs, Hindoos, Chinese and Japanese, have adhered, for centuries, to loose garments. Their style of dress differs in some respects, according to the nation, but the great fact, that the apparel of all these is loose and free, is too well established to be refuted. Fashion has few votaries in those lands, so far as dress is concerned. The same peculiarity also marks the costume of nearly all ancient nations, as the representations left us amply testify. The Romans and Greeks did not wear pantaloons, and Demos- thenes or Cicero would greatly degenerate were we to clothe them in " swallow-tail coats and white kids," and send them forth to lecture in the forum like George Francis Train, or Henry Ward Beecher, for instance. Broadcloth takes the poetry out of all ancient costumes. It would be a difficult matter to imagine " Othello," or either of the " Two Gentlemen of Verona," or any of the heroes of medieval ages, decked out in modern coat, vest and pants; about as difficult as it would be to fancy the foremost man of all the world, the Great Julius, dying with any proper degree of dignity at the base of Pompey's statue, in a fashionable suit made by a modern tailor. It might be well enough for the curious student to take the history of dress in England, to illustrate the improvements in modern clothing, for the simple reason that nearly all fashions have been in vogue among that people. The ancient Britons, when Caesar visited the island, wore skins in winter, and went nearly naked in more favorable weather. Caractacus, when carried before the Emperor Claudius Caesar, was for the most part nude, having an iron chain around his neck, and a second around his middle, and as he was a monarch, -we may reasonably sup- pose that the costume of his subjects was exceedingly meagre. Boadicea, the war- like Queen of the Britons, and who is a conspicuous character in early history, is described by the Romans as wearing a loose robe of changeable colors, over a thick-plaited kirtle. The costume of the ancient Saxon women was composed of linen robes, interlaced and timmed with purple, without sleeves, their arms bare, and their bosoms uncovered. The Anglo-Saxons, it is said, were the first inhabit- TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 27 ants of England to adopt close-fitting coats. In their time the dress of kings and nobles was often trimmed with gold; ornamental elegance in dress, thus making its advent among them. The Normans and Flemings, who accompanied William the Conqueror into England, were remarkable for their ostentation and love of finery. Personal deco- ration was their chief study, and new fashions were continually introduced. Indeed, they seem to have been the fashion makers of their times, as the Parisian artists are reputed to be of ours. The Monk of Malmesbury, in his life of Edward the Second, complains that such waa the pride of dress, that the Squire endeavored to outshine the Knight in the richness of his apparel; the Knight the Baron, the Baron the Earl, and the Earl the King himself. It was not until after the Crusades that those articles of dress, indispensable to us moderns, such as the shirt and vest or waistcoat, came into use. About the time of Henry VIII., something approach- ing present garments became general in use. In Cromwell's day this was further advanced, and partook strongly of the sour character of the times. In the reign of Charles II., a thorough revolution pervaded all costumes, and the style of drees, particularly that of the females, was as graceful and as loose as their morals. The costumes of the gentler sex, as given in the pictures of that day, were truly natural and elegant, at once imparting beauty and attraction to the form. The stiff stom- acher, the horrible ruff, and the more savage farthingale were repudiated by nearly all. The ruff, by the way, illustrates the trifling origin of many strange things in dress. It was invented in the time of Edward VI., by a Spanish or Italian lady of quality to hide a wen on her neck. The cravat has a similar history. It was first worn by some royal gentleman to conceal the ulcerous effects of the scrofula in the throat. Fashion, it seems, has often proceeded from a desire to increase personal attraction, but still more frequently from mere caprice or design on the part of professional modistes for gain ,or trade. That healthy ease, grace and natural motion are often sacrificed to it, needs no elucidation, and it is a curious fact that men who revolt at dictation from all other sources, obey fashion, and submit to torture because their tailor cuts their coats in the mode. The only country in the world, it is given out, which does not yield implicit obedience to this tyrant's sway, is Spain. Paris does not prescribe the style of dress for Madrid, but in republican America we loyally acknowledge her suprem- acy. In every age there has been one or more persons who may be styled the im- personation of fashion, and the monarch of dress. Among those of this class most celebrated, we might refer to Beau Brummell, whose influence in controlling trade was so great that his patronage was a tailor's fortune, and his name has long since been adopted as a synonym for " dressiness." He was the patron of Schweitzer & Davidson, of Cork street, London, who not only supplied his clothing gratuitously, but are said to have furnished him with pocket money, when his fortunes were on the wane, by delicately inserting in the vest pocket a 100 note on sending a suit home. Beau Nash, his illustrious prototype, was another arbiter of fashion; both were constantly in debt, and both died in extreme poverty, wanting the necessities of life. These were samples of their class the dandies, or dudes a class, how- 28 DALLAS HER ever, which has never been held in high esteem by either men or women of sense. Among races, the one in which a love of gay dress and tawdy finery may be most extensively observed, is the negro. Savage or civilized, they always affect gay colors, and are the natural dandies of the human species. The fashions of this THE HERALD BUILDING. country are admitted to be generally derived from France, although it is evident that many of them, and those of the best, are of our own invention. The plates published in New York and Philadelphia, are valuable to the fashion arbiters of Paris, who frequently use these hints without " rendering unto Caesar" etc. Change TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 29 in dress is effected quickly with us, and striking alterations have taken place within the past few years. About forty or fifty years ago it was customary to wear coat collars large enough for a horse, and not very unlike a horse collar, as portraits of the dear, blessed old bald-headed gentlemen with their smoothly shaved and kindly faces we see hanging up in parlors here and there will show. About 1830, a refor- mation occurred, and now the most elegant of such garments the world produces, as regards shape, fit or collar, are those of American manufacture. There are thirty-four firms in this city who deal directly and indirectly in clothing. Among these we include the merchant tailors and all those dealing in ready-made clothing. The aggregate yearly sales in all the branches will foot up a round million of dollars yearly. The dealers are liberal and the stocks of ready- made clothing large and fine, while our merchant tailors are up with the times in all things, employing none but the best cutters and tailors. Our merchant tailors do not depend alone on Dallas for their trade, but do a large business all over the northern part of the State, Indian Territory and Louisiana. DRUGS, CHEMICALS, ETC. The importation, manufacture and dispensing of drugs, medicines and chem- icals, at the present day, may justly be ranked among the most important and lucrative branches of business in our city, and there are circumstances connected with the progress and present condition of the several departments which are well worthy the attention of the mercantile public. The original apothecary in primi- tive times, was the practising physician, who imported his own supply of drugs and dispensed them himself. A corner of the principal store in the town was allotted to the few medicines which were in common use, and which all knew how to apply, such as Glauber salts, cream of tartar, flower of sulphur, castor oil, etc., and to the most famous patent medicines of the day Turlington's balsam, God- frey's cordial, British oil, Bateman's drops, and opodeldoc. Indeed, but little dignity seems to have been imparted to the business for centuries back, for we read in Shakespeare's " Romeo and Juliet " this unflattering description of a " drug store," which must have been indicative of those in existence in those dis- tant days: " I do remember an apothecary, And hereabouts he dwells, whom late I noted In tattered weeds, with overwhelming brows, Culling of simples; meagre were his looks, Sharp misery had worn him to the bones; And in his needy shop a tortoise hung, An alligator stuffed, and other skins Of ill-shap'd fishes; and about his shelves A beggarly account of empty boxes, Green earthen pots, bladders and musty seeds, Remnants of packthread, and old cakes of roses, Were thinly scattered to make up a show." Nor has it been many years since the legitimate druggist was first known even in the United States, for Bishop, in his " History of American Manufactures," 30 DALLAS HER says: u The war of 1812, and the commercial restrictions which preceded it, caused such a scarcity and dearness of chemicals, that numbers attempted the prepara- tion of the more prominent articles, and the complete establishment of the manu- facturing business in this country dates from that period. Many of these works were undertaken by foreigners, who had learned something of chemical manipu- lations in German, French or English factories, or by capitalists among our own druggists, who made use of foreign skill, or pretentions to skill, in getting their works into operation. It was in this way that factories for the making of Prus- sian blue, Scheele's green, and other pigments and chemicals were from time to time started." But the druggist having entered the field, he soon relieved the physician from " compounding prescriptions," and thus separated the apothecary from the mere shop-keeper, and elevated the business to a professional rank. Then, by adding paints, window glass, oils, dye-stuffs, and oftentimes garden seeds, to his drug stock, in order to make the two ends of his account meet, with the progress of wealth and population this new division of labor grew to its present enlarged and important status. And inasmuch as the business touches on the one hand the science of medicine, and on the other that of chemistry, it may be forcibly added, he who is the best educated, who combines with worldly common sense and pru- dence in the management of his business, the greatest scientific skill in his calling, is generally the one destined to be most successful in the pursuit of wealth. The drug trade in our city is conducted by three classes of traders : the im- porter and jobber, the manufacturer and the retailer or the apothecary. These limits, however, are not strictly maintained except by a few, for the retail drug- gist generally supplies orders from the country from country physicians, and the jobber is very often his own importer. The countries from whence drugs are im- ported are almost as numerous as the varieties of articles, but to detail them all, however, would be an endless task. The best antimony is imported from Hun- gary; assafcetida is the fetid concrete juice of a plant that grows in Persia, and is used in its fresh state in that country as a condiment; camphor comes from the East Indies and Japan; cassia from the West. Indies; jalap is a Mexican plant, found near the city of Xalapa, after which it is named; the best opium is the juice of the white poppy that grows in Turkey, Egypt and the East Indies; hellebore is a native of the mountains of Switzerland and Germany; sarsaparilla is imported from South America, Honduras and Quito; and senna and scamony from Arabia. In truth, one might well designate a well-stocked drug house, a museum of valu- able curiosities from all quarters of the globe. It may be remarked, too, that the drug business covers so large a field, and embraces such a variety of distinct articles and products, that almost every prominent house in the trade may be said to be a representative of some particular department. The trade with the city apothecaries, with the larger druggists in other cities, with interior apothecaries and druggists in the country towns and villages, may be said to be distinct and have their proper representatives in particular houses. For the use of country stores, many of the medicines most in use are frequently put up in small and TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 31 neatly labeled vials and sold in dozen packages. As the only guarantee of the purity of the medicines thus sold lies in the integrity of the druggist, it is of the greatest importance to the physician and the country druggist, that they deal with houses of established reputation in this particular, no less than of competent skill in their profession. To aid such customers in making a fortunate selection in this essential matter, and also to illustrate the different departments into which the drug business is divided, we submit to their consideration sketches of a few leading wholesale drug houses. By way of general remark, we may say that as a wholesale drug and chemical market, Dallas, it is claimed, compares favorably with any importing market in the State, both in the amount of business as well as its advantages, while the abundant capital employed enables our dealers, at all seasons, to be well supplied with the amplest and most varied stocks to be met with in the South, and that they are fully prepared to, and, we believe, do undersell any competing market that is not extensively engaged in the manufacture of standard articles. As a class of merchants, they enjoy the most enviable reputation for liberality, fairness, and re- liability, while extended experience has not only been a good schoolmaster to them in the way of teaching them to select none but goods of the purest, freshest, and most exact natures, but has given them decided knowledge of the wants and de- mands of the Southern trade. That they are uniformly conscientious in their fig- ures, a steady and influential trade wedded to these, their idols fully attests, and that they sell as low as can be sold from manufacturer's first prices, is undeni- able. Their stocks, as before stated, are always ample and well assorted, and em- brace almost innumerable articles included under the general heads of drugs, chem- icals, medicines, paints, oils, dye stuffs, perfumery, fancy articles, etc., etc., many of which are as familiar in the mouths of the u initiated : ' as household words. It is said abroad, and, perhaps, with equal truth as wit, that perfumery of some kind is sold everywhere in the United States, except on 'Change and at an under- taker's." A New York journal, referring to this aphoristic saying, remarks: "How- ever that may be of all other cities of the American Union, of the famous ' fourth city of the world,' as New York is proudly appellated, the above apothegm might be further amended to read: 'in fact, everywhere but at a perfumer's.' For per- fumers per se a fact not generally known the great metropolis of New York has none. Perfumers, with the exception of a few of well diversified excellence, mo- nopolized mainly by the three cities of Philadelphia, New Orleans and Boston, the entire United States has none of any name or fame extraordinarj-, either cis or trans- Atlantic. And as yet no new Richmond signalizes the faintest public desire to enter the most poorly-paying and worst-promising field of perfumery." This explanation permits us to say, that, in fact, the druggist here, as in a measure else- where in America, is the perfumer as well. He manufactures his own colognes, and, as a rule, is almost invariably reticent about giving the recipes; but he also imports the finest " Farinas," both German and French, as well as all the other favorite and most costly essences, bouquets, and esprits of the day. In Paris every- thing is perfumed, in the language of the immortal Flora, " that a lady can wear, 32 DALLAS HER from the crown of her head to the sole of her foot, or that can be pinned on, or stitched on, or placed, or put on with a tie." As in the days of Madame de Pom- padour, amid the marvelous luxury of the time of Le Grand Monarque, the fashion is revived for gallants in lieu of the favorite colors, to float the special odeurs chosen by their beautiful mistresses. In this country, however, the various perfumeries are generally named from some new-fangled notion or sensation, and almost every city can produce its specialties. But returning to the subject more especially under discussion, to- wit: the wholesale drug trade of Dallas, we may say the best evidence of its general pros- perity is in the fact that it steadily increases each year. There are three houses in Dallas wholesaling drugs, and a host of stores that do a retail business. The annual sales of these houses, for the year 1884, will ag- gregate $650,000. THE WHOLESALE LIQUOR TRADE. - The consumption of spirituous liquors, both as a luxury and in the works of art, are so vast and widespread, that the traffic in our city necessarily involves con- siderations of great commercial importance, and the revenue derived from the vari- ous branches of the pursuit swells the business of Dallas up among the millions. The kinds of liquors sold by our wholesale houses are from the widely celebrated distilleries of Kentucky and Tennessee. The quality of the liquors made in Bourbon, Nelson and Anderson counties, Kentucky, and Robertson county, Tenn., are too well known wherever a civilized drinker lives, moves, and has his being, to need extolling at our hands. Nor do we propose to be led into a discussion as to the relative merits of " Sweet Mash " or " Sour Mash," or to attempt any scientific explanation of the various systems of fermentation, either natural or unnatural. This much we, however, say, that whiskies manufactured on the Bourbon plan, and known as sweet-mash liquors, require both time and artificial process to fer- ment properly, and inasmuch as " age " in liquors is mostly sought after, where purity is desired, it needs no additional light on the subject, for a word to the wise is at all times sufficient. Therefore, no words of praise are expected at our hands to convince dealers and bibbers, and we would be undertaking a work of supere- rogation to bring forward more proof, or to state wherein superiority lies. It has been quite difficult, in the meantime, for us to arrive at clear conclusions as to the annual financial value of this great business in our city, inasmuch as it is so widely scattered, or rather so universally dealt in. But from the most reliable data we could obtain, we unhesitatingly state that the trade is not less than $1,200,000 for the year 1884. The wholesale liquor dealers of Dallas, as a class, are men of means, thoroughly conversant with the business, and well prepared to offer the very best inducements to customers from this and adjoining States. WALL PAPER, WINDOW SHADES, ETC. Here is another department of trade that has, of late, grown with remarkable rapidity in our city, and is fast assuming proportions that cannot be overlooked or omitted. Indeed, almost within remembrance of new corners, has it increased from TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. mere obscure corners on the shelves of bookstores to large transactions, and is now carried on by firms making it and kindred branches their sole business. This in- crease is almost a clear gain for the commerce of the city of Dallas; and when we place the business in this line at fully $150,000 per annum, the difference in our favor will be much more readily apparent. All classes, qualities and designs for the interior decoration of buildings, public and private, are kept by them, from the finer grades of velvet, velvet and gold, satin-surfaced, and French papers, elegant, costly, and beautiful, obtained from the largest American, English, French, and German manufactories, down to the lowest-priced articles in use, and to suit all shades, colors, complexions and conditions. THE HARDWARE TRADE. The past few years, and especially those which have succeeded the war, has made many changes in the hardware trade, a great improvement being noticeable in the quality of goods sold, which is owing, in part, to the fact that the colored population in the State that depend on Dallas for their supplies have become direct purchasers as well as customers. The low grades of pocket and table cutlery are rapidly disappearing from the shelves of hardware dealers, and cotton cards are almost obsolete. That interesting implement known as the "Jim Crow card," has passed into the relic of the " olden days and golden;" for a darkey now either " shingles " his knotted and combined locks, or permits them in unkempt ringlets to straggle out ragged and unoiled to coyishly dally with the breezes of heaven. Axes, too, have undergone a change, and in place of those weighing six or six and a half pounds, the call is almost invariably for those weighing from four to five pounds, and in a great many instances even lighter. Then again, before the war, probably, there were not more than a hundred kegs of horse-shoes sold in Dallas in an entire year, while to-day the sales of this article will reach many thousands of kegs. This last instance is due to the fact, that formerly, almost every farmer in the South had about his plantation a negro blacksmith, who made all such articles for home consumption; but, with his new found freedom, the "man and brother " has forever turned his back on such pursuits, and consumers are forced to obtain their supplies from importers and jobbers. Another feature of its transmogrification we might mention in this connection: We allude to the trade in plows and various other agricultural implements, formerly dealt in by hardware men, but which is now, for the most part, confined to regular agricultural imple- ment warehouses, where it legitimately belongs. A great many more instances in this connection might be mentioned if it were deemed necessary, but we will now pass to a consideration of the advantages Dallas possesses for prompt and cheap distribution of goods purchased of her merchants. Beyond the question of rents, cost of living, clerk hire, etc., between Dallas, as compared with other large cities, which, by the way, are circumstances most decidedly in our favor, there is another important advantage which is well worthy the consideration of country dealers, and which is the incontrovertible fact that Dallas merchants operating on ample capital are enabled to pay cash for their stocks, thereby obtaining larger discounts from the manufacturers of this country 34 DALLAS HER and of Europe, which extra discount will put the goods in their houses, so that if the Dallas merchant does sell goods at the same price as his Eastern rival, he makes more clear money on them. But the foregoing are not, by any means, all the proofs that could be adduced to show the favorable circumstances that surround Dallas as a wholesale hardware market, but we will, for the present, desist and point to our irrefragable argument in defense of the assertions we have advanced. It is this: In almost every city, town and hamlet of the vast stretch of country obtain- ing supplies in the Dallas market, there are merchants who buy all of their hard- ware here, selling alongside of those who trade in Galveston or New Orleans. Our customers are able to sell just as cheap, they get their goods in less time, can recu- perate their broken stocks at any time wi'thin a very few days, which he who buys in markets further away cannot do in less than from two to three weeks. Stocks in this market will be discovered as large and as well selected and assorted as in any city of the South. The houses are imposing, conveniently arranged, and we may well pride ourselves on having some of the most perfect specimens of hardware houses in America. The trade for the past year has advanced fully fifteen per cent, over and above that of the previous one, and will amount to $2,127,500. More German and Eng- lish hardware including pocket and table cutlery, has been imported this year than ever before known. Our importers and jobbers being thoroughly conversant with the trade, offer purchasers all the facilities and advantages that they could possibly meet elsewhere. LEATHER, SHOE FINDINGS AND SADDLERY. Considerable difficulty has been experienced by the writer in properly defin- ing and estimating the trade coming under the above caption. In some places we found dealers in saddlery also manufacturers, and to separate the sales of these concerns would be impossible. One thing, we did discover, however, and that is, that the trade is in a most satisfactory and growing condition, and that the Herald was right in saying: " The wholesale men in this line send travelers as far west as Colorado, as far south as Central America, and actually enter Galveston as com- petitors." One important feature worthy of investigation is the fact that the dealers throw down the gauntlet and agree to duplicate any legitimate bill Galves- ton or New Orleans can get up. The annual trade will approximate nearly $1,500.000. AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. The oldest born of the father of mankind was a " tiller of the ground," and Abel, his brother, was the "keeper of the sheep." After the flood, " Noah became a husbandman and planted a vineyard." Abraham, we are told, was " very rich in cattle," and Lot had " flocks and herds and tents." The munificent present of Jacob to his brother Esau, consisted of " two hundred she-goats and twenty he- goats, two hundred ewes and twenty rams, thirty milk camels with their colts, forty kine and ten bulls, twenty she-asses and ten foals." Such was the employment for ages of the kings, prophets and judges of Israel Saul, David, Gideon, Elisha, TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 35 and the thousands whose names and memories are all forgotten. The history of Boaz, the "mighty man of wealth, "and of the sweet maiden of Moab, who "gleaned in the fields after the reapers," will be remembered and wept over long alter the pyra- mids have crumbled to decay, while the wealth and luxury of Job, after his pov- erty and humiliation, still glows in our imagination like the most dazzling tale of fiction. And agriculture has been a stable pursuit, for the cheering promise of Revelation has said: "While the earth remaineth, seed time and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter, and day and night shall not cease." But throughout the long centuries that have gone, agriculture has lacked the aid of its handmaiden mechanic art. Its low condition may be inferred from the fact, that wherever the human family have been found, whether civilized or barbarian, it was in nearly an equal state of advancement and progress, whether on the fields of Europe, along the marshes of the Nile, among the children of the Sun, or the worshippers of Bramah. The Spanish conquerors found, on the plains of Mexico and Peru, an agriculture equal to their own, fields of waving corn which reminded them of the luxuriance of Castile, and irrigated plains of unrivaled verdure stretching from the mountains to the sands upon the shores of the Pacific. In the first quarter of the present century, inventive genius came to the aid of manufactures. In the second quarter, commerce was the object of its especial favor. In the third quarter, agriculture has been the great recipient of its boun- ties. The fourth and culminating quarter, no doubt, will witness the grand per- fection of all, so that the world will enter upon the Twentieth Century of the Christian Era in grander array than century ever dawned upon the globe. For what changes have we not witnessed in the last twenty -five years in the imple- ments of agriculture and the results of labor ? What wonders do we now behold upon the field, which were not foreshadowed, not even dreamed of, so short a time as a quarter of a century ago then? Well might we exclaim with the dusky Moor, were it not for that enlightened intelligence which modifies the forms of industry and directs labor into new channels, " Othello's occupation 's gone !" Nay, in a land less blessed than ours in the privileges of education and comforts of home, among a people not so gifted as our own in that aptitude which adapts itself to changed circumstances, and makes them tributary to its possessor's advan- tage who now so ignorant as not to see, or who [so prejudiced as not to acknowl- edge, that these various inventions have lightened the burdens of toil and become so many instrumentalities of civilization and refinement. Agriculture, according to the census returns, affords occupation to nearly three-fourths of the inhabitants of the United States, and gives employment to more capital than all the other pursuits combined. In no other department of human industry are statistics of greater importance; and all wise governments have considered it their duty to collect them. From them we learn not only the progress of agriculture, but the advance of the republic in wealth, civilization and power. On the success of the farmer hinges the great question of cheap bread and the happiness and intelligence of the nation. If productiveness of crops can only be secured by unremitt ed and severe labor, we must despair of a general spread of intelligence ; and if the natural 36 DALLAS HER resources of the soil be not renewed our posterity must be heirs to a barren and desolate land. Farming, then, can be said to approximate perfection when great productiveness is secured without severe manual labor and without detri- ment to the soil, and the only means to obtain this end is explained in the use only of improved labor-saving machines, soil fertilizers and seeds of undoubted purity and worth. In the purchase of agricultural implements, it is especially desirable that farmers do not incur more expense than what is absolutely necessary for the right management of the farm, but in no other thing will the oft-repeated assertion that the " best is the cheapest," be found more true. Farmers, however, are not the only persons interested in this matter, but country merchants who desire the prosperity of their neighborhoods, and in fact, all merchants should give it especial attention. For the benefit of all, then, we shall treat it ^with a view to the two practical considerations of what agricultural implements to buy and where they can be bought. It is superfluous to remark that the plow is the implement of first importance and consideration in the trade, and among those most important for general ue are the hillside plow and the sub-soil plow. Governor Randolph, the son-in-law of Thomas Jefferson, has the credit of being the inventor of the former, and the latter is said to have been invented in Scotland and first imported into this coun- try about 1840. Be that as it may, it is gratifying to observe that the demand for plows of a heavier grade is rapidly on the increase. The ruinous plan practiced by a majorit}' of farmers and planters, for years past, of merely [scratching the sur- face of the ground three or four inches deep, year after year, until all the substance that could be drawn from the overtaxed soil had been carried off by its products, and some of the finest tillage lands of the country turned out as old sedge fields not worth working, while underneath lay a rich sub-soil, which to the thinking, progressive farmer, would prove a mine of wealth, has given way to the more enlightened system and common sense plan of feeding the hungry soil by giving it sustenance from its own bosom the natural source from whence, with proper cultivation, it might all be drawn. Large plows are being extensively used, and many of the best farmers of our country are breaking the ground from eight to ten inches deep, with the most gratifying and profitable results. Deep plowing is now the motto, and with the present feeling, we may hope soon to see all our waste lands reclaimed and made as valuable as formerly. After the soil has been turned over by the plow, an implement is required to pulverize it and disengage from it the roots and lower stems of weeds and thoroughly intermix its component parts. This service is usually derived from the harrow, an implement nearly, or quite, as ancient as the plow, but which has not undergone as many improvements and which may yet be regarded as not only very simple, but essentially imperfect. We cannot undertake a history of the harrow, but remember to have seen it refer- red to by Shakespeare, who allows the ghost of Hamlet's father to " unfold a tale " to that unfortunate Prince concerning his sudden taking off that would " harrow up his soul. " Seed sowers are the next implements needed; then follows the culti- TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 37 vator, a labor-saving contrivance that will be found exceedingly useful for stirring the earth between the rows of cotton, corn, tobacco and other crops. It is gener- ally quite light, easily arranged and of easy draught for one horse or mule, a thorough pulverizer of the surface soil and exterminator of weeds and grass. Next in order of use come haying and harvesting implements, the most ancient of which we have any knowledge is the sickle or reaping hook. This was succeeded by the scythe and the cradle, which continue to be the principal instruments in use for the cutting of hay or grain. Both of these, however, demand great muscular action, and humane genius has been exercised for more than a century in trying to supeseue them by machinery. Recently success has not only established and witnessed valuable improvements in this branch, so that amidst so many rival and conflicting claimants for popularity and preference, it is difficult to decide upon their relative merit. Of machines for threshing, the only one universally known and now in general use is the flail. Within the present century, however, a portable machine propelled by horse power, and known as the threshing machine, has met with very considerable favor. In this city, may be found, on sale, thresh- ing machines manufactured in different parts of the country, and by different establishments, each claiming peculiar advantages. But we might go on in an almost exhaustless sketch of the various kinds of implements offered, for all kinds are to be met with in our different warehouses, embracing in part threshing, mowing and reaping machines, improved cider mills, hay rakes, cultivators, plows, harrows, cutting boxes, farm pumps, horse powers, seed sowers, corn and cane mills, clover hullers, sugar evaporators, hay presses, cotton gins, corn planters and all the other leading improved implements needed for the successful cultivation of the land of the country. There are about twenty firms in Dallas engaged in the sale of agricultural and farm implements. These firms do an annual business of nearly $6,000,000. BOOKS, STATIONERY, ETC. "A sound mind in a sound body" is the classic description given us by Horace of a perfect man. We have, in preceding chapters, considered departments of trade and commerce whose grand improvements and excellencies afford susten- ance for the body in all its appetites, internal and external; the present we will devote to " food for the mind." The pen of Solomon must have been dipped in prophetic fire when he wrote: " Of making many books there is no end," for the statement is fully verified in our own day. Thousands of weak brains and strong brains are gathering thoughts; thousands of slow fingers and swift fingers are penning lines that are destined to run out into lengthy manuscripts; thousands of printers are setting type; thousands of books are issuing from thousands of presses, and being borne by rapid posts to all parts of civilization; books aglow with poetic fire; books of abstruse ethics, passionless as an Arctic iceberg; books of sober truth; books of ideal fancy; books that tell of earth around and earth beneath, books that describe sublime journeys of mind through fields of space, portraying the lovely flowers that bloom forever in the paradise of God; books 38 DALLAS HER of immortal wisdom and books of loathsome stupidity; books made to sell and books that never will sell; " yellow covered " stuff, trashy fiction, poisonous lit- erature, pregnant with fierce loves and fierce hates; books wherein delineations of crime are often drawn with masterly skill, and falsehood, intrigue, theft and murder robbed of their blackness, when committed by some fascinating heroine or killingly handsome bandit. It is said that two-thirds of the books published at the present day are novels. These find purchasers in every family and readers at every fireside. Universally read, they contribute very materially to the mental elevation or degradation of the race. Does it not, then, behoove every writer, great or small, to contribute his opinion in favor of worth, and to the condemna- tion of that which tends to weaken the will to all purposes of good, that which vitiates the taste, perverts the judgment, arouses evil passions, and destroys all just views of life? Indeed, a little good strong English used in calling sin sin would frequently remove the glamour from deluded eyes and purify and ennoble. But food should not be despised because men are gluttons, nor wine because some get drunk. It is most true that novels have done much towards impairing the mental and moral strength of our people, but many, very many, of them, by adhering to elegance of style, by inculcating noble lessons of truth and by show- ing triumphs of virtue over vice, have done much towards advancing our race in mind and morals, have accomplished a work scarcely inferior to the ministry itself. Fictitious narratives are not evils in themselves. There is fullest authority for their use in the word of God. The beautiful fiction of the talking trees occurs in the book of Judges, and the inimitable parable of the man of Uz and his friends, in the book of Job; while the prophets, in their transcendental descrip- tions of the hereafter, employ ideal scenes to represent coming events; and, turn- ing to the New Testament, it is recorded of Him who " spake as never man spoke before," that "without a parable spake He not unto them." "A parable is a moral lesson inculcated by the invention of characters which never existed; or, if they ever existed, are made to converse in forms of speech suggested entirely by the imagination." Without an invented story, Jesus seldom taught the people. The stories of Dives and Lazarus, the Pharasee and Publican, and the fifty-one other parables of Jesus, are just as much works of fiction as are the romances of Cooper and Bulwer. He discarded the dogmas of -the Rabbis of Jerusalem and talked to the people in their own vernacular. Inventing stories that bore upon their everyday life, the Master brought His truths into the homes, into the busi- ness, into the habits, into the religion of his countrymen. When we go to the Bible for advice as to Christian conduct, we invariably seek one of these parables. Jesus, then, impressed by practice the sacredness of employing the unreal to repre- sent the real. "The servant is not above the Master." That which Jesus did others may surely imitate. Those who teach morals would do well to sit at His feet and learn of Him the best way to reach the hearts of their hearers. But we must stop this train of thought, fearing our readers will say we have wandered very far away from our legitimate duty. And yet, " what is writ is writ, would 'twere worthier." Our first proposition in this book was to exclude TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 39 nothing, come from what source it should, that could leastways advance or eluci- date the subjects under discussion, and while we fully intend that "no pent-up Utica " shall contract our powers, we shall indulge a vein of excusable vanity or conceited obstinacy, " as you like it," and publish this chapter more for the infor- mation of readers than to fulfill Lord Byron's couplet "'Tis pleasant, sure, to see one's name in print, A book's a book, although there's nothing in't." Taste and judgment, then, being confined to mere professional critics, but characterizing at least one-half of the reading public, we think the history of let- ters, the peculiarities of authors, and the modus operandi of book making must prove interesting to a large class of persons. We present, then, some facts inde- pendent of the local trade gathered together by very considerable labor, but fol- lowing Freedley's style in most of our notes. HISTORY OF LETTERS. It is a strange and yet a well-authenticated fact, that there is no continuous narrative extant of the rise and advancement of writing, learning and author- ship, and yet these have molded thought and delighted and refined man for cen- turies. Writing was an art of exceedingly slow growth. At first it was pictorial, then modified according to necessity, for as records became voluminous, the scribes were obliged to abridge the representations. The transition from pictures to signs of sounds was very gradual. This is confirmed by travelers of all ages, and we find that pictorial writing or hieroglyphics, is peculiar to all tribes in a savage or semi-civilized state. The Egyptians carried this art to great perfection and reduced it to a complete system, and hence they are generally, but errone- ously, supposed to have been the inventors of letters. So obscure is the history of this noble science, that many learned men have recorded their belief in its divine origin, asserting that God communicated it to Moses ; and Plato, Diadorus, Siculus, and even the great Cicero, were of the opinion that letters emanated from the gods. We can smile at these conjectures, and yet not be surprised at their existence. Aristotle was in advance of his contemporaries in more than one of his views, and he shrewdly tells us that the alphabet wae invented to record sounds. " Letters," says he, " are marks of words, and as words are sounds, significant letters are marks of such sounds." He was correct, and the origina- tors of the system were of his opinion. But to carry this no further, it may be said with confidence that the Phoenicians are entitled to the honor of inventing letters, and to them we owe the imperishable and invaluable art. Books were known to the ancients, but in their form and character they bore no resemblance to ours. Authorship appears to have been as slow in its growth as the development of letters, and the difficulties that beset writers were such as we never can realize. Several kinds of materials have been used to make books at different times, not known in the trade now. Plates of lead and copper, the bark of trees, bricks, stone and wood, were the substances formerly employed to engrave such things upon, as men were willing to have transmitted to posterity. Josephus speaks of two columns, one of wood, the other of stone, on which the children of 40 DALLAS HER Seth wrote their inventions and astronomical, discoveries. Hesiod's works were originally written on tablets of lead, the ten commandments delivered to Moses were on stone, and the laws of Solon were inscribed on planks of wood. Tables of wood, box and ivory were common among the ancients, but when of wood they were latterly covered with wax, and the letters traced in the soft of the coating so as to be easily obliterated. The leaves of the palm were afterwards used instead of planks, and also the finest and thinnest parts of the barks of such trees as the lime, the ash, the maple, and the elm ; whence comes liber, which literally signi- fies the bark of a tree. These were rolled up in order to be removed with ease, and hence called volumen a volume a name now used to designate a book. The tilia or phillyrea, was also used, and Egyptian papyrus, out of which a paper was made. By degrees wax was used, then leather, especially the skins of goats and sheep, of which at length parchment was produced. The first books were in the form of blocks and tablets ; but when flexible matter came into use it was found, convenient to make books into rolls, which were composed of several sheets fast- ened to each other and rolled on a stick, the whole forming a cylindrical column, with a handle at one end. The title was stuck on the outside, and the volume, when extended, might be a yard in width and fifty in length. The square form so common now, was known to the ancients, but not much used. Notwithstanding the immense labor required to produce a book in those early days, we are told that the library at Alexandria supplied the four thousand baths of that city with fuel for six months, the volumes having been thus destroyed by order of Caliph Omar, A. D. 642. Having thus traced the history of letters to a time when literature was estab- lished upon an endurable basis, our object shall now be to sketch the history and condition of the book trade as at present conducted. The trade comprises three important classes of persons, all of whom are essential to its successful prosecu- tion. These are AUTHORS, BOOK MANUFACTURERS AND BOOKSELLERS. I. Authors. The author is properly placed at the head of the list, as he is first in importance, first in fame, and first "in the hearts of his countrymen." What a host of undying names throng the memory at the sound of the word! In ancient times we recall Homer, the sun-bright intellect ; Plutarch, the unrivalled biographer; Tacitus, the prince of historians; and in latter days Shakespeare, the monarch of all, and in his train follows a retinue whose names and words are as deathless as the stars. Authorship, as a profession, cannot be said to have taken root in England un- til the days of " Good Queen Bess." A stern, healthy system of thought character- izes the writers of her day, and probably no age produced so many talented men, or gave birth to so many books that are truly valuable. But, alas! if we examine the private lives of those whose works we venerate, how little happiness, how much misery, irritability, extreme sensitiveness, indifference to money, and unfitness for business, have been the bane and characteristics of nearly all. Disraeli has writ- TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 41 ten a volume on the peculiarities and calamities of celebrated authors, and the rec- ord is a sad one. There is Dr. Johnson, the literary giant, walking many a night with Savage, the poet, around St. James' Square, for want of the means to obtain a bed; or dining at his publisher's, separated from the rest of the company by a screen, to hide his shabby appearance. There is Goldsmith, pawning his coat for bread. There are Spencer, Butler, and Boyce, starving to death, and Chatterton, committing suicide at an early age, after being four days without food. If we go back to an earlier period, we find that Sophocles, the poet, was brought to trial by his children as a lunatic; Socrates, the sage, was put to death as a corrupter of youth; Plato, accused of lying, avarice, robbery, incontinence and impiety; Bacon, the Oxford Monk, inventor of the telescope, etc., abhorred as a magician; Virgilius, the Bishop of Saltzburg, burned for having written that Antipodes existed; Galileo, imprisoned and compelled to disavow his sentiments; Cornelius Agrippa, obliged to fly his country for having displayed a few philosophical instruments; Petrarch, continually in danger of his life from the priests; and Descartes, horribly perse- cuted in Holland, and threatened with the stake by Voetius, the bigot. In short, authorship, it seems, in all ages, has appeared a sort of martyrdom, and the gloat- ing bigots of ignorance can boast of as many victims as the fires of persecution ever sacrificed Christians. Fortune has rarely consented to become the companion of genius. Modern literature furnishes some sad examples of this fact, and the past is not destitute of instances. Xylander sold his notes on Don Cassius, for a dinner; Cervantes, the author ot " Don Quixote," wanted bread; Cameons, the great epic poet of Portugal, perished in the streets; Tasso was so poor that he was obliged to borrow a crown to subsist on for a week; Ariosto was in extreme poverty; Du Kyer, a French poet of celebrity, wrote for 100 sous the hundred lines; Corneille died wanting a little sus- taining broth; Dry den sold ten thousand verses to Towson for less than 8500; Stowe, the entertaining chronicler of London, quitted the tailor's board to devote himself to letters, but was glad to go back to the shears; Rush worth, the author of " Historical Collections," died in jail; Bunyan wrote his great work in prison, while supporting himself and family by making stay-laces; Savage sold his u Wanderer " for 10, and Milton disposed of his immortal poem for the same sum, being too poor to undertake the printing himself; De Foe, the author of " Robinson Crusoe," was often in prison, and wrote his "Jure Divino " in Newgate; Paulo Burghese, an Italian poet, almost as good as Tasso, knew fourteen different trades, and yet died because he could not get employment in any of them; Bacon, the " wisest, greatest, mean- est of mankind," lived a life of poverty and distress; Sir Walter Raleigh died on the scaffold; and Spenser, "charming Spenser," died forsaken and in want. And to the long list of the gaunt victims of starvation and neglect may be added Otway, Collins, Fielding, and last, tho' not least, the blind old poet of " Scio's Rocky Isle," the immortal author of the Iliad. We are happy, however, to be able to turn to a brighter page. Within the last century the profits of successful authorship have certainly improved, and in some instances the pay has been munificent. But, unfortunately, saving habits do not 42 DALLAS HEE appear to belong to literary men. They, as a class, seem to be reckless in expendi- ture, and regardless of consequences. Improvidence is their besetting sin, and when fortune favors them, they too often squander her gems most lavishly, and die in poverty. Sir Walter Scott, at one time, was in receipt of $60,000 per annum for the sale of his works, and yet he died a bankrupt. Dickens' annual income, just previous to his death, was estimated at $100,000, but few of us remember that, only a few years before, he was compelled to fly to the Continent to escape the too urgent demands of his wine merchant. In the infancy of English authorship it was the custom of writers to publish by subscription, but this begging plan rarely afforded much return. The system of dedicating works to great people was also much in use, being a polite way of hand- ing a man down to posterity for the sake of a little present aid; arid many of the " favored gentilitie " figured nowhere else than on dedicatory leaves, and are en- titled to their authors for what little renown they may have. This habit, however, has been long discontinued, as a rule, and works come forth under different and, perhaps, less groveling auspices. To illustrate the increased profits of authorship within the last century, we give a few instances: Gay received $2,000 for the " Beggar's Opera," and $5 ,000 for his poems. Broome, the translator of the Odyssey got $3,000 for that work. Fen- ton was paid $1,500 for four books of the same poem. Pope received $1,000 for editing an edition of Shakespeare. Thomas Halcroft was paid $6,000 for his translation for the king of Prussia's works. Colman, the elder, got $1,500 for the "Poor Gentleman," and ''Who Wants a Guinea." Theodore Hook's "Sayings and Doings " yielded him $15,000, and $3,000 were paid him for " Births, Mar- riages and Deaths." In addition to these very large sums he received $2,000 a year as editor of Colburn's " New Monthly." James Smith got $5,000 for four plays from C. Mathews for his entertainments, and Murray, the publisher, paid Lord Byron, for a part of his works 15,455 or about $77,200. Tom Moore was quite as liberally paid, having received $15,000 from the Longmans for " Lalla Rookh," and nearly as much from Murray for his " Life and Letters of Lord Byron." This publisher is said to have given $10,000 for Washington Irving's "Columbus," and Cooper's novels paid him handsomely. Prescott, the historian, Longfellow, the poet, Augusta Evans and some other American authors have made money by their works, but the majority have not. In fact, it will be found, on close investigation, that but few authors reap either money or fame. Compared with other profes- sions, the successful ones are astonishingly scarce. The examples of fortune given are extreme cases, and it must be remembered that, of the millions and there have been millions who have made authorship a calling, there are some hund- reds only, or at best thousands, who are distinguished or widely known. When writers were not numerous and readers rare, the successful author fell into oblivion much sooner than now. With the advance in pecuniary compensation, and the increase of intelligence among the people, the profession has, however, proportionately risen in favor. Authorship is now honored in all lands. The fame of her writers is the fame of TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 43 a nation. The author who leaves on record the impress of a powerful mind, never dies. From the grave he holds silent converse with his race for good or for evil, often effecting as much by the sentiments he inspires in us as by the ideas he expresses. Among the thousands who have devoted themselves to literature within the last few years, there is a chiss of growing importance called compilers. Their call- ing is to delve among musty folios and obscure manuscripts, and, by consulting, transcribing and investigating the works of old and sacred authors, thus reveal to light in a new dress forgotten but valuable works. The treasures of knowledge revealed to them obtain a wider circulation by this manner of publication, and those toilers through old volumes are not plagiarists, but belong to a race of authors whose books have the charm of originality, while at the same time they put into the hands of the people works before known only to the wealthy, to vast libraries or to that class of bibliomanists whose enormous heaps of books, col- lected without intelligent curiosity, were properly called the " mad-houses of the human mind," or " tombs of books." II. Printing. Printing from the movable types is now generally conceded to have been the invention of John Guttenburg, or Guttemburg, as it is sometimes written, a native and citizen of Mayence or Mentz. This event took place in 1438; and although there has been much controversy on the subject, and the honor has been claimed for others, it is now allowed that the credit belongs to John Guttenberg, originator, John Faust, patron and encourager, and Peter Schoeffer, improver of the art. The Chinese undoubtedly practiced printing from solid blocks as early as the 930th year of the Christian era, and with the lights we now possess we are satisfied that this art was brought to Europe by the Venetians, for we find that playing cards were so produced from solid blocks at Nuremburg, in 1441, and even before that period at Venice. The mystery of movable types was a secret until 1462, when, at the sacking of Mentz by Archbishop Adolphus, the workmen were dispersed and the art publicly divulged. When once revealed the invention spread rapidly, not only in Central and Northern Europe, but throughout the world. The original printers had brought their art to wonderful per- fection, and many of the books printed by Guttenburg, Faust and Schoeffer, in respect to beauty, style and accuracy, greatly surpass many works in our day. The great variety and symmetry of the types are matters of astonishment to modern printers, some of the fonts being equal to our latest designs. Types are pieces of metal, as almost every reader knows, each containing a separate letter, which, by being arranged into words can be subjected to pressure, and, by the aid of ink, leave on paper a fac simile of their surface. They are, in fact, letters, and the printer uses them in what is called composition, or type set. ting, just as the writer, when he spells, uses the letters of the alphabet with which his memory is stored. This arrangement was a masterly scheme, and the first printers stand forth as intellectual giants, when we reflect that they almost per- fected the system of cutting, moulding, casting and setting types in a very few years, at farthest not more than six. 44 DALLAS HER William Caxton was the first to introduce the art in England, his first effort being in 1471, during the reign of Edward IV. Caxton learned the secret while on a visit to Cologne the year previous, where he printed a book entitled, " The Recule of the History of Troy." His first English production was entitled the " Game and Play of Chess," interspersed with wood cuts, which would appear uncouth enough to us, but were at the time considered as admirable specimens of printing. So rapid was the knowledge of printing, as practiced by Europeans, spread, that presses were established in China, the Phillipine Islands, the Azores, Ceylon, Armenia, Macedonia, Iceland, North America and even Japan, more than two and a half centuries ago. The art of typography was exercised in Mexico before it was in Ireland, and in Peru as early as 1570. It had been carried to Mexico in 1566, about three-quarters of a century before it was practiced in " these American Colonies." The first book printed in the United States was the " Bay Psalter Book," published at Cambridge, Mass., 1640. It enjoyed a wider and more last- ing reputation abroad, than any American work since, having gone through seventy editions, the last appearing in 1759. The first Bible printed in America, was the famous Indian Bible, of Eliot the Apostle. Fifteen hundred copies were printed, but they are quite rare and valuable, the Indians who spoke the language being extinct, and the language unknown. This work was executed in 1663. In 1686 or 1687, William Bradford, a native of Leicester, Eng., set up a press near Philadelphia, his being the second in the British North American Colonies. Benjamin Franklin was a rival of one Bradford, probably a son of the above, and finally superseded him in the business in that city. There are still many more facts of interest connected with the progress of printing in the United States that we would make use of but for fear of being con- sidered too voluminous, or rather through fear of being charged with touching upon subjects that are not strictly local. The progress of improvement in the mechani- ical construction of the printing press, history proves us to have been as tardy as that of the "art preservative of all arts" itself. The printing machines years ago were of the rudest description. The earliest were something 'on the order of the cheese press, with a contrivance for running the form of types under the screw after the ink was applied. This mode was extremely slow, and yet the press was not much improved on until the middle of the last century. A Dutch mechanic, named Blaew, was the first to introduce any marked improvement, and after him came Clymer, the American, with his highly ornamented "Columbian," a press at this day more generally used in England than any other worked by hand, whereas it is almost unknown to the rising generation of printers in the United States. The earliest presses were made of wood, and worked by hand. The latest are grand inventions and bear but little, if any, resemblance to their predecessors. Ten tokens or about twenty-five hundred impressions, was a good day's work on a hand press for two men forty years ago, now a single Adams or Cottrill power-press turns off that number in an hour, the sheets oftentimes being four times as large as those printed on the hand-press. And for rapidity, Hoe's grand ten-cylinder, a ponder- ous machine for newspaper printing, capable of executing 12,000 to 20,000 an hour, TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 45 wag thought to be the acme of perfection, but even it has given place to the Bullock which from an endless roll of paper, feeds, prints, cuts and counts 20,000 news- papers per hour on both sides, and almost endowed with intelligence, stands before all competitors suited to the purpose for which it was expressly designed. The general processes of printing are nearly the same in all offices, and the art of composition or " type-setting," as it is familiarly yclept by members of the craft, needs no supererogating description at our hands. The typography of differ- ent printers, however, is almost as marked as their countenances, and seems to be distinguished as readily by close observers familiar with the style. We may say, then, in general, that the printing houses of Dallas are well stocked with plain and ornamental type, and an abundance of other facilities known only to modern printing offices of the most complete description. These are well capable of exe- cuting all orders in book and magazine printing, while their job work embraces all kinds of plain and fancy typography, etc. III. Booksellers. Our task will be completed with some brief mention of the bookselling establishments of the city. We may say, then, in their favor, that the character and standing of these houses is well and favorably known through- out this section, and their enterprise and liberality to the trade has kept abreast of our great advancement. The shelves of our dealers are at all times replete with the latest and best published works, from the most ephemeral to the most substantial, and embracing an almost inconceivable collec- tion of differently-priced and differently-bound and executed styles, from the finest workmanship to the commonest, or from the plainest and cheapest paper- back Primer to the costliest Bible done in antique morocco, illustrated, and with gilt edges. Full assortments of law, medical, theological, school, statistical and miscellaneous works, printed in English, German, French, Italian and Spanish, as well as complete editions of the works of ancient Greek, Latin and Hebrew writers, both in the original and translated print, in fact, everything that can be obtained in Eastern cities, is kept constantly on hand, or is soon procured on order. They have also accumulated a vast stock of office, counting-room, schoolroom and fancy stationery, blank-books and articles of kindred character. Dallas deal- ers are giving strictly Eastern prices, so that it is evident that retail purchasers, as well as teachers of schools, seminaries and colleges, will find it to their remun- erative advantage to at least call and examine the stocks and prices offered in Dallas, before purchasing elsewhere. The trade is fairly on the increase, and before many seasons the fortunes as well as the fame of our booksellers will be of most enviable standard. The annual trade in this branch will reach $135,000. MISCELLANEOUS. It is impossible to review, separately, all of the various lines of trade repre- sented in the city, by reason of the disadvantages arising from the combining of several lines in one house and the mingling of the wholesale and retail operations, and yet there is no branch that is found at any wholesale center in the country, but what is vigorously prosecuted here. In the line of furniture, carpets, and 46 DALLAS HER kindred goods, no city in the South can boast of stocks superior in style, variety, durability, finish and price. Some of the dealers do a business of near $100,000 per annum, and enjoy a trade from all the surrounding States. Paints, oils, sash, doors and blinds, and builders' supplies generally hard- ware included are in some instances carried collectively by dealers. Drug dealers also handle paints, oils and other supplies of like character. But in all these lines, trade is active and pushed with the most commendable zeal and enterprise by the dealers. Music and musical instruments, jewelry, watches, etc., are well represented by energetic, pushing business houses, which prove that they are fully up to the requirements of the progressive age, by the superior character of goods handled, displaying the choicest lines that can be secured in the great marts of the world. In short, Dallas, as a wholesale market, possesses excellent advantages for the buyer, and is yearly improving. No city in the South presents superior induce- ments to trade capital, for unquestionably the city is destined in the future to be one of the most prominent interior wholesale centers in the Southern States. It has all the necessary elements to make it such. In the center of what is most as- suredly the future great State of the South, with a most promising outlook as a manufacturing center itself, with numerous and extensive facilities for transporta- tion, and surrounded by an immense country, which can be almost entirely con- trolled from this point, Dallas only requires an augmentation of capital to make it in a few years the boast and pride of the Southland. THE RETAIL TRADE. From the character of the circumstances under which the retail trade, as a gen- eral rule, is conducted in Dallas and which has been duly explained a detailed statement or analysis of its various lines and divisions will not be expected by the readers of this work, nor is there any necessity for it. Any business man of ordi- nary intelligence can, with the general mass of information contained in these pages spread before him, readily estimate with tolerable accuracy the value of the retail trade, and perceive the important inducements held out by the city to those desir- ous to establish a retail business of any description. Every line of business, com- mon to a live, progressive, mercantile and manufacturing point, is represented here, and represented in a manner eminently worthy of the magnificent attractions which have drawn them hither. Whether in the amount of stock carried, the character of goods, or the variety constantly kept on hand, no city in the Union, of equal population, surpasses Dallas. As a class, the retail merchants are distin- guished as live, energetic business men, courteous and accommodating, and thor- oughly reliable in all dealings with the public. And they are not less worthy of special mention for their enterprise in keeping in the very front rank of trade in their own lines, than for the public spirit they always manifest in warmly and earnestly seconding every movement designed to advance the general business and material interests of the city at large. To the progressive retail merchants, as much as to any other class of its citizens, does Dallas owe, not only the many public im- TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 47 provements that now honor and adorn the city, but many of the most important public enterprises that had the effect to draw trade here from a distance, such as railroads, etc., and to which public spirited works the proud distinction of the Queen City is in the main largely to be ascribed. Inasmuch, however, as Dallas is rapidly increasing in population and wealth, and developing its magnificent advantages for commerce and manufactures, there is perhaps no point in the entire South, where real live business men can find bet- ter openings in either wholesale or retail trade lines than here. No branch of busi- ness seems to be overdone, from the fact that all are found to be in an eminently prosperous condition. Merchants abroad, contemplating a change of location, will certainly consult their own interest by inspecting the field here, and seeing for themselves the advantages it possesses, and availing themselves of the general invi- tation thus extended; they may rest assured of being cordially received by the business men of every class and the entire public, for no other city in the South more fully appreciates the truth conveyed in the words, " There is room enough for all." THE MANUFACTURES OF DALLAS. That Dallas is eminently qualified to become a great manufacturing center, has been clearly demonstrated by the review of the advantages it possesses in raw materials the abundance, the variety and the contiguity of supply. While several important factors are admitted to be absolutely necessary in establishing a center for manufactures, precedence must be given to the proximity of raw material. Possessed of this advantage, the remaining element necessary to make manufactur- ing industries lucrative, can readily be acquired by genuine enterprise, practical knowledge, and capital. COTTON-SEED OIL MANUFACTURES. This is comparatively a new industry which has been developed since the war, and the numerous advantages which have accrued to mankind therefrom, are still more forcible evidence of the grand wealth of benefits which nature has chosen to shower upon this world through the medium of the prolific cotton plant. The latest discoveries of the useful properties contained in it, also suggest to scientific minds the strong probability that the possibilities of this rare product are by no means exhausted, consequently still more surprising developments of its capabil- ities may be looked for. The mass of intelligent readers are pretty thoroughly acquainted with the na- ture 6f the purposes to which cotton seed have in recent years been put, but for the enlightenment of any who may not have had the opportunity to post them- selves on the subject, we will briefly state the useful properties that the world is enjoying partly through the energetic enterprise of the Dallas cotton-seed oil mills. The seed after being hulled are ground into meal and put through a steaming process, and then subjected to the pressure of powerful machinery, which produces a crude oil. This is refined and used for a multitude of purposes. Purified by chemicals it is called " white oil", valued as an illuminating agent under any cir- 48 DALLAS HER cumstances, and especially in mines where it remains in a liquid state at a much lower temperature than will lard oil. It is also valuable for its lubricating proper- ties and is extensively used for such purposes. Cleansed with soda it is designated cotton-butter oil, or olive butter in North- ern markets. It is used extensively for cooking purposes, is cheaper than lard and being equally as pure, is used in the adulteration of lard. It is used for preserv- ing sardines, and in salad dressing under its legitimate name and title, and, also, after its return from a European tour during which absence from its native clime it gets into attractive made bottles embellished with pretty labels which indicate the contents to be "pure olive oil." The meal after the oil is expressed is worth $20 per ton as stock-feed, and is also converted into fertilizing substances. The refuse from purifying the oil is val- uable as soap-stock, while the hulls make excellent fuel, and from its ashes a first- rate quality of potash is made. Such in brief are the benefits going out to the world from this invaluable in- dustry, in which there is one company engaged in this city, the statistics of which were not obtainable. FLOUR AND GRIST MILLS. The fact that Texas is fast becoming a great wheat growing State, also that the quality of the wheat grown in this State ranks equal to any grown in the North or West, it is not strange that Dallas should aspire to fame as a grinder of wheat. There are two mills in this city. This most laudable enterprise is a striking illus- tration of the favorable advantages for manufactures in general at this point, and shows also that there is the true spirit of progression in the city, which, appreciat- ing its powers, is determined to develop them to the highest conditions of useful- ness. The mills, which are capable of turning out 350 barrels of flour per day, are conducted upon the most improved system for reducing the grain to flour^ having adopted the roller process and being provided with the latest approved appliances for producing the highest standard of goods. No better evidence is required of the superior qualities of the flour manufactured by Dallas mills than is furnished by the popularity of the product turned out and which is constantly growing as shown by the trade, having reached to over half a million dollars last year. The grist mills of the city are equally as prosperous and are rapidly assuming the front rank in this important line of industry in the South by the excellence of goods turned out, and which in every respect competes with Western products. ICE MANUFACTURING. To procure and keep natural formed ice in the South is attended by such grave difficulties as to make the business extremely hazardous and one in which there is but little inducement for capital to embark, from the fact that however necessary it may be to the human family, its cost has made it a luxury that the masses could not afford. As a consequence the profits so illy recompensed the outlay in hand- ling that until within very recent years what little business there was in this line in the South was confined to a very few hands, and those few not infrequently TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 49 were in despair over the heavy losses through wastage, and falling off in consump- tion by necessitated increase of prices. Under the stress of circumstances, how- ever, modern ingenuity has made a radical change in those disagreeable features, and now the entire South can enjoy the whole year round the luxury of pure ice in abundance, and ice even cheaper than as a rule can be furnished to consum- ers in the North. And to such a high state of perfection has the manufacture of ice by chemical process been brought that, notwithstanding it may still be said to be in its infancy, the artificial article will upon its merits alone compete so success- fully with the natural product that it will eventually prove a formidable rival in the coldest climates, while in the South its supremacy has been thoroughly estab- lished since, we might truthfully say, the first hour of its inception. The manu- facture of the article has been successfully carried on in this city for several years, the company having so popularized its product by improving its excellence of purity to the highest standard, and its cost to the lowest minimum as to be com- pelled to annually enlarge its capacity. SOAP MANUFACTURING. Another remarkable evidence of the broad-gauge character of Dallas' advantages for manufactures, is to be seen in the extensive soap works established here, and which rank among the very largest in the South, and among the most thoroughly appointed in improved facilities for manufacturing first-class goods in the country. The output of these works now aggregates about two million pounds per annum, embracing every grade of soap from standard laundry to the most superior quality for toilet use. The assertion that these works can compete with and even discount Northern manufacturers is certainly attested to by the popularity of the goods turned out and the increasing prosperity of the trade. BRICK MANUFACTURING. The manufacture of brick is an industry of very recent establishment in Dallas, the supply of such building material having been imported principally from the North. But the clay suitable for making brick, which cannot possibly be excelled in quality, is in abundance in the vicinity of this city, and the rapid progression of late years has developed the energy and enterprise for utilizing this raw stuff and building up an industry which is creditable and profitable to those engaged in it, and of incalculable benefit to the city. There is now no necessity for sending abroad for brick of any description, as every grade of building brick, from common to the most elaborate ornamental make, and also the most excellent qualities of fire brick, can be and are made here at home, by the most im- proved methods known to the craft, and by the assistance of the most skillful labor that is procurable. Moreover the supply of raw material is inexhaustible, and therefore, the supply of the finished product can be increased to meet the demands of all future time. Already has the superiority of Dallas-made brick extended throughout this State, Mississippi, Georgia and Florida, bring- 50 DALLAS HER ing prosperity to the manufacturers, and the growth of the trade is of such a rapid nature as to well indicate its future greatness and encourage capital to seek this point for investment in like industrial pursuits. WOOD-WORKING ESTABLISHMENTS. Under this general heading we embrace all manufacturers and workers in wood, including carpentering and building. It covers a host of industries, which as a mass, are thriving enterprises, conducted with such energy and skill and are surrounded by such promising circumstances, as to readily indicate to an observer that there is a future filled with the brightest prosperity for these industrious and persevering workers. Under this head we have ten cabinet-makers, two cooper shops, one barrel factory, and a wooden- ware factory. While all are worthy of the highest praise as honorable and useful lines, which have been developed by indefatigable industry to a condition in which the success is commensurate with the amount of labor and capital invested, they still are entitled to nothing more than mediocre distinction. From a first glance at this condition of things one is disposed to think it strange that it should be so, with the wealth of advantages at this point for estab- lishing and maintaining with the highest possible success an almost innumerable array of wood manufacturing interests, which should compare in vastness of oper- ations with any in the country. A little reflection, however, soon dispels such thoughts. Dallas has not yet reached the state of perfection by any means. It is only just now in the first stages of development. It is only of late years ihat its own people have begun to realize the true extent of its advantages and powers. These grand opportunities, these mighty levers which will eventually uplift the city to its destined position among the most exalted, cannot be seized upon and made to wield their mightiest efforts in a space of time which, comparatively, is no greater than the breadth of the human hand. All the circumstances necessary to insure a proper development must first be made favorable for perfect action, and to accomplish this alone requires much time and constant labor. It is upon this part of the work that the people of Dallas are now industriously engaged. They are putting in, so to speak, the substructure of the grand fabric they intend to rear. They are mindful of the important fact that if this foundation be strong and perfect, the work of elevating the superstructure in all the completeness of design and fullness of architectural beauty, will be a light and much more agree- able task. THE POSSIBILITIES OF THE FUTURE for manufactures in Dallas are indeed eminently grand. Every class can and will be made to flourish. The advantages are not for the few, but for the many, with- out distinction of kind. The opportunities are unsurpassed, and capital seeking investment can find no point that will guarantee a higher percentage of divi- dends than the Queen City of Texas. We will enumerate just a few manufactur- TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 51 ing lines in which capital could be safely and profitably employed in Dallas to- day, upon an extensive scale. Wood-working concerns of every description furniture factories, box facto- ries, carriage and wagon manufactories, wood novelty works, sash, blind and door factories, and many others that would readily suggest themselves to a person con- versant with the resources of wood as a material of manufacture. In miscellaneous manufacture, the host is innumerable, for instance, boot and shoe manufactory, cloth- ing manufactory, tannery, bagging factory, bag factory, paper box factory, paper mill, pottery and porcelain ware making but enough. The opportunities are here. The resources are here. The capital is wanted here. There is a broad and open spirit controlling the city, which has opened wide its portals to the progressive capitalists and the skilled mechanics of all climes, cordially inviting them to come and par- take of Texas' storehouse of riches. This generous bidding has not been made for an especial occasion. It is a carte-blanche that may be taken advantage of at any time, with an assurance of meeting a hearty welcome. And it is pleasing to note that its liberal tone has inspired so many with confidence, but what is still more satisfying is the fact that every new factor which becomes incorporated with the local autonomy, zealously enters into the work of advancing Dallas' interests. The effect of this is so positively beneficial to the city, that none would dare question the wisdom of the methods employed to bring it about. Every new shop or fac- tory brings new people, who are tenants for new houses and customers of new merchants, who in turn demand new stores. Are there any who would have it otherwise ? On manufactories alone depend everything, and to properly and fully develop them more new men are wanted, new capital must be enlisted, and new energy be gathered within the city's gates. This cannot be more effectually accom- plished than by going to the outside world, and showing what has been done and what can be done. CONCLUSIONS. In our brief review of Dallas as a center for commerce and manufactures, we have endeavored to demonstrate its advantages in every respect, showing not only what can be done, but what has been accomplished by the pioneers, in order to pave the way for others. We have seen the character of the work done, and know that from its proportions it must be immensely valuable, financially speaking. For various reasons we have been able to fix the sum total for every branch of trade in this city. In some departments we were unable to obtain the desired information unless it were founded on surmises of the vaguest nature, for the man has yet to be born, and, besides, be vouchsafed prying qualities and inquisitiveness supernatural, to enable him to form any correct idea of trades, where large dealers have a horror of tax-gatherers, and small dealers a penchant for making their business appear as large as possible, and oftentimes swelling their volumes beyond such reason that even a newspaper reporter would be put to blush. However, after laborious and painstaking examination, we present below a statement, the result partly of our own conclusions, partly on information furnished by merchants and manufacturers as 52 DALLAS HER to their own business, and partly from a mean of estimates of those having some knowledge as to the business of reticent firms : Wholesale and Jobbing Trade $15,000,000 Manufactures 6,000,000 Cotton (estimated) 2,000,000 Ketail Trade 3,000,000 Commission, except import 1,580,000 Total $27,580,000 If to the above figures be added the transactions in real estate, operations of builders, and the many branches of business not ascertainable it will advance the total annual business conducted in Dallas to nearly THIRTY MILLION OF DOLLARS. In view of this result, a result as unexpected by the writer as it will probably be surprising to the reader, a result in which the constituents are given with such particularity as to enable any one of ordinary intelligence, who doubts its correct- ness, to test the general accuracy thereof by personal investigation, in view of this result then, may we not truthfully assert that Dallas is already a great commer- cial and manufacturing city. -THE- UNITED STATES MILLER, E. HARRISON CAWKER, PUBLISHER, MILWAUKEE, WIS. THE UNITED STATES MILLEB is a paper published in the interest of the Flour and Grain Trade, which has been established nine years, and is recognized as an authority on Flour Milling matters throughout the world. It reaches every Flour Mill, great and small, and every mill-furnishing establishment in tlie United States and Canada. It is on file with Secretaries of American and European Boards of Trade, and United States Consuls everywhere. Address, UNITED STATES MILLER, MILWAUKEE, WIS. TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 53 REPRESENTATIVE HOUSES. C. E. MOMAND & BRO. GROCERS, 1102, 1104 AND 1106 ELM STREET. Probably no city on the continent offers more inducements than Dallas to the man of nerve and enterprise who desires to go into business with small capital. Remarkable instances of great growth and increase in business have occurred in the city, but we do not know of a more startling instance than that of the house whose name heads this article. These gentlemen began business here three years ago on a capital of $1,000. To-day they carry a stock valued at $8,000, and their sales aggregate $80,000 annually. Besides the great increase shown in these fig- ures, they have also established a branch house at Decatur, with a stock worth $8,000 and which does $75,000 worth of business annually. This seems almost incredible, but it is easily accounted for. These gentlemen, when they went into business here, were experienced men, having been engaged in the grocery trade for many years. It took them but a short time to find out that the people of Dallas were quick to recognize and appreciate enterprise, and always willing to support it. They therefore made a study of the wants of the people and went to work to pro- cure the goods that would meet and satisfy those wants. They bought the best brands of goods known to the market, they put their money only in articles that they knew would sell, and did not pack their shelves with a lot of things to grow stale and be sold at a sacrifice. They brought many articles to the city which had not been kept by the old-line grocers, and the consequence was that people soon began going to them for things they could not get elsewhere, and finding there such attractions in the way of fine goods, low prices and variety, they concluded that this was the place they had been looking for, and so staid. The Messrs. Momand keep the best brands of teas, coffees, sugars, syrups, spices, dried and canned goods that can be procured in any market, and sell them at the lowest prices. They employ ample help and each and all customers receive the utmost kindness and courtesy. They occupy a room which 'covers an area of 60x75 feet, is well located and conveniently arranged for their business. Honest, reliable and progressive in all their business undertakings, courteous, affable and polite in their manners, these gentlemen have succeeded on their merits alone, and are well en- titled to the creditable and lucrative business which they now enjoy. It gives us pleasure to recommend so worthy an establishment to the confidence of our readers. W. H. ABRAMS LAND COMMISSIONER OF THE TEXAS PACIFIC RAILWAY Co., 411 MAIN STREET. Coming within the scope of a volume such as this, covering the salient points of commercial and industrial interest of a city of such rapid growth as Dallas, there is no kind of business of so much general interest to the public, and upon 54 DALLAS HER which so much of the prosperity of the city depends, as that of the real estate agent. The tide of immigration is set towards this city and section from the East, and thousands are coming here annually to find homes for their families and a field for their capital or their skill and industry, whichever it may be, upon which they depend for sustenanca and support. That section of country which has the greatest inducements to offer will get the largest share of the settlers, and will prosper and build up accordingly, and the exponent of the city or section in hold- ing out these inducements is the real estate agent; the man who makes it his business to let the outside world know the advantages which he can offer in the way of cheap and good lands, etc. Prominent among the many enterprising land agents of Dallas, who have aided in great degree in bringing immigrants to the city and State, is W. H. Abrams, land commissioner Texas Pacific Railway. Mr. Abrams has control of a large quantity of land, embracing some of the finest farming and grazing lands in the State of Texas, which he sells at remarkably low prices and on terms to suit the purchasers. He controls land in the following counties, in the quantities stated: Bowie 21,575, Red River 6,456, Lamar 795, Col- lin 89, Denton 2,663, Wise 959, Tarrant 625, Van Zandt 1,686, Rains 2,452, Parker 7,960, Palo Pinto 2,338, Jack 1,280, Stephens 18,535, Baylor 2,040, Callahan 48,589, Taylor 27,850, Jones 11,576, Dimmitt 14,720, Edwards 10,180, Crockett 4,540, Nolan 50,040, Fisher 20,908, Stonewall 6,260, Mitchell 81,163, Scurry 5,10f5, Kent 1,965, Howard 196,061, Wilbarger 13,320, Borden 170,OS9, Martin 196,552, Dawson 106,176, Andrews 42,373, Tom Green 1,106,411, Pecos 553,150, Presidio 368,114, El Paso 1,303,380, Clay 14,080, Cooke 1,280, Brown 3,180, Eastland 3,640, Comanche 380. The title to all these lands is perfect, having come by patent from the State of Texas to the Texas Pacific Railway, and there is no possible litigation for purchasers to fear. Mr. Abrams is a wide-awake, active, energetic man, honest, upright and liberal in business, pleasant, affable and courteous in manner, a man with whom it is a pleasure to have any business transaction. Send to him for maps, circulars and price lists. DALLAS WIRE WORKS H. HOLDERSBACH, MANUFACTURER OF PLAIN AND ORNA- MENTAL WIRE AND IRON WORK, 945 ELM STREET. Among the many industrial and manufacturing establishments of the city, there is none of more general merit, or of greater interest to the community, than the one mentioned above. Although only having been in business here since August, 1884, still, such was the demand for a manufacturing establishment of that character, and such the excellence of the wares manufactured, that already this establishment occupies a leading place among the manufacturing institutions of Dallas. The building occupied is a two-story brick, 25x45 feet in size, and fitted up with all the necessary machinery and conveniences for manufacturing wire of all kinds, of the best grade and at the lowest price. This house will make to order, in the most approved style and of the best material, plain or ornamental wire and iron work of any description for gardens, parks, parlors, stores, churches, cemeteries, banks, markets, butcher shops, stables, hot-houses and other purposes, TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 55 such as frames, summer houses, arbors, arches, trellises, bordering, fencing, railing, tree guards, chairs, settees, flower stands, baskets, store fixtures, brackets, milliners' stands, wire figures, crosses, anchors, wreaths, house guards, sponge baskets, win- dow guards, fenders, spark guards, wire shutters and gates, office and bar railing, iron bedsteads, wire signs and cages of every size. Mr. Holdersbach is a practical workman himself, understanding his business thoroughly in every department and, therefore, he allows no work to leave his establishment that is not done in the most workmanlike manner. It is for this reason that his house has, in so short a time, acquired a reputation for reliability and substantial work, which gives it precedence among the manufacturing establishments of the city. The proprietor looks carefully after every detail of his business, confident, as he is, that the way to achieve success is to merit it. His trade has already assumed gratifying pro- portions, and under his skillful guidance and the well-known honesty and integrity of the principles upon which he conducts his business, it is increasing daily. This house is earnestly recommended to the confidence and patronage of a generous public. MURPHY & BOLANZ (SUCCESSORS TO JONES & MURPHY), REAL ESTATE AND COL- LECTING AGENTS, 709 MAIN STREET. First among the many reliable and popular real estate firms in the city, is the well-known and reliable firm of Murphy & Bolanz. This house has been doing business here for ten years and enjoys a larger share of the public patronage than LAND AGENTS. / >" DALLAS.TE>C^ any of its contemporaries in the city. They deal principally in city property, buying, selling, renting and leasing, furnishing abstracts of title, negotiating loans, and also attend to the business of non-resident property owners, paying taxes and collecting rents, and all matters entrusted to them receive their careful and con- scentious consideration and attention. These gentlemen are about erecting, for 56 DALLAS HER their own use, a handsome three-story brick business house, which will be, when completed, one of the finest in the city, and will contain all the modern conveni- ences appropriate to a building of that kind. The members of this firm are well- known in this city and throughout the surrounding country as men of energy and progressiveness, and are among the most public spirited citizens of Dallas. They are thoroughly honest and reliable and fully merit the popularity which they en- joy, and the success which they have achieved. H. F. LAMMERS & CO. MANUFACTURERS' AGENTS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 403 MAIN STREET. Among the sketches of industries carried on in this busy city of Dallas, none are of more importance to the State than the house heading this article, and although the firm is a new one they have the vigor of youth and experience with the house of H. F. Lammers to whose business they succeed. The individual members of the firm are E. S. Lammers and W. A. Heityeberg. They start out as commission merchants and manufacturers' agents and will handle flour, produce, and all such goods as are raised or needed in this growing State. They are enabled as manufacturers' agents to sell goods at manufacturers' prices, and their patrons may feel proud in being favored by doing business with a firm able to offer so many inducements, while consignors of goods will find these men are making ready sales and at fair prices. All the transactions of the house are conducted upon fair and honorable business principles, making their establishment one of the first-class houses of Dallas and one where business transactions will prove pleasant as well as profitable. GOLDSMITH BROS. JOBBERS IN GENERAL MERCHANDISE, 714 ELM STREET; NEW YORK OFFICE, 423 BROADWAY. Among the many large and handsome establishments to which the denizens of the " Queen City of Texas " can " point with pride," none presents a more attractive display than that of Goldsmith Bros., jobbers in dry goods, millinery goods, notions, etc., 714 Elm street. This house was established ten years ago, and has procured a strong hold upon the confidence and trade of the city, county, and indeed the entire northern portion of Texas, for their trade extends over it all. They are well located on the busiest part of one of the main thoroughfares of the city, and they occupy two stories of a building which covers an area of 30x100 feet, completely filling it with their $50,000 stock. Their stock consists of a large and complete assortment of dry goods, with a special line of handsome dress goods, silks, satins, velvets, etc. Their millinery department is filled with everything in that line that the human mind can devise, or the feminine heart desire, their stock of ribbons, crepes, feathers, laces, ornaments, ruchings and veilings being especially fine in quantity, quality and variety. The personnel of the firm is Isidor Goldsmith and Max Goldsmith, gentlemen who enjoy the confidence of their associates in busi- ness, and are also highly esteemed in private and social circles. In fact the estab- lishment is looked upon as one that stands quite alone in its line, as the firm who TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 57 own and control it stand among the first in the city as substantial and representa- tive business men. The Messrs. Goldsmith also have an office* in New York city, at 423 Broadway, which enables them to buy the most fashionable goods at the lowest market prices, and to keep their stock replenished with the freshest designs and latest patterns. This firm we cheerfully recommend to the public as worthy a liberal patronage and our readers who are doing business in the towns of Texas will find it to their interest to examine their large and choice stock of goods when in Dallas and we feel assured they will never regret it. W. S. BRYANT'S TEXAS LOAN OFFICE--No. 711 MAIN STREET. This is a new institution, having been in business only since June 1884, but if its success up to the present time may be taken as an earnest of that which it shall accomplish in the future, it is destined to a prosperous career. Mr. Bryant, the proprietor of this establishment, is a native of Illinois, but has been living in Texas ten years, during which time he has become well and favorably known to many of our citizens, as a man of uprightness and honesty. His business he con- ducts on principles of the highest mercantile integrity and the utmost reliance may be placed in his word. At this house money is loaned upon jewelry, or any other article of value and of general use. The advances made upon articles at this in- stitution are most liberal and the rates of interest charged entirely reasonable. Mr. Bryant's well-known high character for honesty and fair dealing, coupled with his liberality and enterprising spirit, entitle his establishment to the kind consideration of the public. A large line of Waltham, Elgin and Springfield watches and jew- elry of every description is kept in stock, and rent being unusually low, he is pre- pared to offer goods at very low prices. HAMILTON & YOUNG WHOLESALE DEALERS AND MANUFACTURERS' AGENTS, WALL PAPER, WINDOW GLASS, PAINTS, OILS, VARNISHES, ARTISTS' MATER- IALS, PICTURE FRAMES, MOULDINGS, AND WINDOW SHADES, 826 ELM STREET. At No. 826 Elm street, Messrs. Hamilton & Young have arranged the latest and most beautiful designs in wall paper and inside house decorations, besides a large and well selected stock of window shades, picture frames, mouldings, artists' supplies, paints, oils, varnishes, window glass, etc. This house aptly illustrates the perfection to which the paper hanging business has been brought in this city. It was established in 1873 and has had a career of unbroken prosperity from that time to the present. The building occupied is a two-story brick structure, with an area of 25x90 feet, and the store room is neat and attractive, the stock being ar- ranged with an eye to the artistic effect. The average amount of stock carried is $25,000, and eight assistants find employment in attending to the wants of their immense trade, which amounts to about $100,000 a year and extends throughout the entire State. This firm makes a specialty of manufacturing picture frames, carrying a large stock of the handsomest mouldings, and keeping skilled workmen constantly employed for that purpose. They are the agents of the manufacturers of many of the articles in which they deal, thus having the inside on prices. Be- 58 DALLAS HER sides, they buy in large quantities, getting their goods at the very lowest ruling figures, and they offer customers special inducements in the way of prices that are not duplicated by any competing house in the city. They lead with all the latest fashions and designs in the way of wall paper and decorations, and give their patrons the benefit of choosing from the handsomest the market offers in pattern and material. They are as honest and as liberal in the management of their busi- ness as they are enterprising and progressive, and the people of the community, recognizing their merits, have given them a liberal patronage and support. Any of our readers who may open business relations with this firm will find it a pleas- ant and profitable one with which to deal. The trade in paints and window glass at wholesale is quite extensive and they are prepared to fill orders to any amount that are sent to the house. ED. C. SMITH UNDERTAKER, 1031 MAIN STREET. Prominent among the undertaking establishments of the city is that of Ed. C. Smith, 1031 Main street. This establishment was started by Mr. Smith, in 1877, on very small capital, the increase of which, and the growth of his business have been gratifying in the extreme. Mr. Smith occupies a two-story brick building 75x80 feet in area, in which he carries a full assortment of wood and metal burial caskets, in all styles and designs. He furnishes coffins, shrouds, gloves, crapes, etc., also hearses and carriages, for all of which his charges are extremely low. Three assistants are employed here, all skilled in the business, and those patronizing this institution cannot but be satisfied. Mr. Smith has lived in Dallas for twenty-four years, and is known to the people of the city as an honest, conscientious man, as well as a thoroughly enterprising and progressive one, and his success is as creditable to the city, whose people are so quick to recognize and reward merit, as it is gratify- ing to him. Mr. Smith keeps up with all the improvements made in his line, keeping his house in advance of cotemperaneous establishments in the city, and he is justly entitled to the splendid success he has gained by energy, enterprise and thrift, and his adherence to the policy of handling the best goods known to the trade. M. D. GARLINGTON GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANT, AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN GRAIN, FRUITS AND WESTERN PRODUCE. In reviewing Dallas and its present enterprises, we find some houses being con- ducted by the old citizens of Dallas and worthy of prominent mention; among these is the house of M. D. Garlington, one of the most reliable and honorably conducted houses in the city. He is a wholesale dealer in grain, fruits and Western produce, and here can generally be found as good a selection and at as liberaJ prices as can be had in the city. His long acquaintance and standing, coupled with his knowledge of the business, makes his services desirable to shippers of goods to this market. He was formerly connected with the grocery trade under the name of Garlington & Marsalis and Garlington & Field. He has invested his capi- TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 59 tal largely in real estate in Dallas, and thus advanced the interests of the city. He is a public spirited man and is interested in whatever promotes the city's good; with a record in business that stands high for commercial honor and probity, he is entitled to the esteem he holds among his fellow merchants in Dallas, as well as among those outside with whom his business relations have always proven correct and pleasant. Mr. Garlington is an active member of the Merchants' Exchange, and one of its Directors, besides occupying other offices of trust and honor in the city. A. McWHIRK (SUCCESSOR TO C. E. HOSMER and a g re S ates $30,000 per annum. This ^^ J/\^ ' firm manufacture some of the best brands of cigars now in the market, and their goods enjoy a widespread popularity among lovers of the weed throughout the State. They work the best stock and keep up the popularity of their goods by maintaining their quality. In addition to the man- ufacture of cigars they also deal in tobaccos, both chewing and smoking, and carry a fine line of smokers' articles, embracing fine meerschaum pipes, cigar holders etc., which they sell cheap. The firm is composed of S. W. Henry and A. W. Guber, the latter being the practical man of the firm, and the one who conducts the business. Mr. Guber was a member of the firm of Betterton & Co., and has been raised in the cigar business, never having been in any other. He is a young man of sound discretion and rare good judgment, and he conducts the affairs of the house upon principles of the broadest liberality and integrity. Every one who enters this house will receive the kindest and most courteous treatment, and ' it is recommended as one of the most pleasant in the city with which to deal. NOVELTY IRON AND BOILER WORKS J. WESTER, PRES'T AND TREAS. ; W. WESTER, SEC'Y; CORNER AUSTIN STREET AND Ross AVENUE. In a history of the advance and development of Dallas, with reference to com- mercial affairs, the Novelty Iron and Boiler Works occupy a very prominent posi- tion, as conducing in no small degree to the present mercantile and manufacturing importance of this community. These works are situated at the corner of Ross TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 95 Avenue and Austin Street, and in addition to repairing engines and manufacture of boilers and tanks of all kinds, keep a large stock of brass goods, rubber hose, sheet-lead, gas fixtures, bath tubs, etc., and do plumbing and gas, steam and water fitting. A specialty is made of lard, oil and water tanks, and sheet-iron work of all descriptions. The trade is increasing from year to year, and reaches out into adjoining counties. The company are prepared to make estimates on work in all parts of the country and sends practical and competent workmen to execute all work given them. In the steam and gas fitting line this enterprise is recognized as being the headquarters for efficient and practical work, and the term's areas low as perfect and satisfactory work can be done at. Mr. J. Wester is the President and Treasurer of the company; Mr. W. Wester, Secretary. The policy of the management of these works from the first, has been a liberal and a just one, the natural result being that no similar enterprise in the city is regarded with greater favor or respect. THE G. W. BORLAND PUBLISHING CO. J. K. CHURCHILL, MANAGER, 906 ELM STREET. The home office of this house is at Chicago, but it has branch establishments all over the country, and its fame and popularity are as wide as the continent. The works published are popular subscription books, which are sold by agents in every State and Territory in the Union, and which comprise the works of some of the most popular standard authors. The Dallas branch was established in 1883, and is headquarters for Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, East Missouri and Southern Illinois, New and Old Mexico. Mr. J. K. Churchill, the manager, is an able and experienced business man, and the sales of the house throughout the territory under his jurisdiction have been phenomenal. He has an able coadjutor in Col. D. Hackett, who appoints agents throughout the territory and has the gen- eral supervision of their work. He is an energetic and upright business man, using sound judgment in all transactions. Ten thousand books were sold through the Dallas house during the last year, and the future gives promise of still greater suc- cess. Those desiring an agency from the house should correspond with the man- ager, Mr. J. K. Churchill. They are contemplating the removal of the general office from Dallas to St. Louis, the better to handle the large field now occupied. No less work will be done in Texas, however, and an office will be continued here. HUEY & PHILP WHOLESALE DEALERS IN HARDWARE, IRON, STOVES, TINWARE, CORNICE WORK, WOODEN WARE, CROCKERY, GLASSWARE, ETC., 647 AND 649 ELM STREET. Occupying a foremost place among the large wholesale establishments which have made Dallas the greatest commercial center in the State of Texas, is the well- known house of Huey & Philp, at 647 and 649 Elm street. It would be a work of supererogation for us to tell the people of this city and State the history of a firm whose name is to them a familiar household word, but the size and character of the establishment and the nature and importance of the business they do, makes it incumbent upon us, in writing of the mercantile and manufacturing houses of Dallas to give it more than a mere passing notice. The personnel of the firm is 96 DALLAS HER Mr. J. Huey, of Corsicana, and Mr. S. Philp, of Dallas. These gentlemen have been doing business here for twelve years, and during all that time have main- tained a reputation for honesty, liberality and business probity, scarcely equaled by houses anywhere, and surpassed by none. They carry a full line of hardware, iron, wood work, wooden ware, stoves, tinners' stock, crockery and glassware, and they manufacture galvanized iron cornices, and all kinds of tin and sheet iron work. Among their stock of stoves are to be found the latest improved cooking stoves and heaters, and the handsomest articles in this line that are manufactured at the present day. They are proprietors of the celebrated " Excelsior Stove," of which they sell a great number and are agents for the " Charter Oak Stoves" also. They also make a specialty of wire fencing, being the agents for Scutt's Barbed Wire. Their stock is the largest in North Texas, being valued at $60,000 and their trade extends throughout the entire State. They are located in the heart of the business part of the city, and occupy two stories of a building which covers an area of 50x180 feet, also a basement 25x80 feet, thus giving them a storing capa- city of 18,000 square feet. Personally these gentlemen are well-known and well- liked for their pleasant, genial manners, and many kind and generous acts. They are among the most public spirited citizens of Texas and richly deserve the popu- larity and success which they enjoy. MRS. M. A. CURTIS DRESSMAKER, OVER THE POSTOFFICE. We should be remiss in our duty did we publish this work without having in it a representative of those institutions which have for their object the adornment of the female figure. " Beauty unadorned is adorned the most," is a very pretty sentiment in novels but the eye of the nineteenth century finds more delight in beauty adorned in handsome and stylish, well-fitting garments. First among the dressmakers of the city, both by reason of popularity and artistic worth, is Mrs. M. A. Curtis, over the postoffice. Mrs. Curtis is a most skillful and accomplished artist, and her establishment enjoys an enviable reputation for making stylish and neatly fitting garments. She makes a study of the newest styles and patterns, and keeps up with all the latest fashions. She employs none but the most reliable and trustworthy assistants, and all the work she does is well done. She enjoys a large and lucrative patronage, which is, however, no larger than she deserves, and her establishment is cordially recommended to our readers. A. METZLER COMMISSION MERCHANT AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN GRAIN AND PRODUCE, 906 ELM STREET. In recording the various business interests of any community, we always take pleasure in giving particular notice to those men and those firms who have by their active energy and progressive enterprise made places for themselves among the leading commercial houses in a short space of time. Therefore, following our inclination in this regard, we desire to make mention with somewhat more than usual particularity, of the grain, produce and commission house of A. Metzler, 906 Elm street. Although he has only been in business since May 1884, Mr. Metzler has already established an extended reputation for his house and built up a trade TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 97 that extends all over Texas and into Arkansas, Louisiana, Kansas, Missouri and Michigan. Particular attention is given to the sale of cotton, grain and country produce. Transacting a commission business in its strictest sense, this house has no personal interests that can conflict with those of its consignees, all of whom receive the full benefit of its vast opportunities for knowing and dealing with the best market. Mr. Metzler is a native of Prussia, but has lived in Dallas for a number of years, and is a gentleman of unimpeachable integrity, stands deservedly high in the esteem and confidence of the community, and is justly entitled to a prominent position among the representative business men of the city. He makes liberal advances on consignments and prompt returns in all transactions. He solic- its correspondence, and those who desire reference he begs to refer to Oliver & Griggs, bankers; Sanger Bros., wholesale dry goods; Schneider & Davis, wholesale grocers, all of Dallas. This house is cordially recommended to the confidence and patronage of our readers. EMERSON, TALCOTT & CO. MANUFACTURERS OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, ROCKFORD, ILL.; J. M. WENDELLKEN, MANAGER FOR TEXAS, 837 AND 839 MAIN STREET. Prominent among the firms of the United States that manufacture agricultural implements is that of Emerson, Talcott & Co. The factory of this company is located at Rockford, 111., where many hands are employed and a large number of implements turned out annually, to be sold to the farmers, not only of America, but many of them also going abroad to fill the demand made for them in foreign countries. Texas, with its great expanse of agricultural territory, presented an excellent field for the sale of implements such as this firm manufacture, and so a branch house was established in Dallas, with J. M. Wendellken manager. The building occupied by Mr. Wendellken is a three-story brick structure, 50x100 feet 98 DALLAS HER in area, and the whole space of the three stories is used for the purpose of storing away the immense number of implements carried in stock. Mr. Wendellken, who is a thoroughly live, energetic business man, has pushed the trade of the house until now they sell machines all over Texas and far into Mexico. The machinery handled consists of threshing machines, mowers, reapers, grain drills, cultivators, etc. The "Standard Cultivator," which they manufacture, with all its attach- ments, especially the attachment for planting corn and cotton, is the most perfect piece of machinery of the kind ever made, and the farmers and planters show their appreciation of a good ihing by purchasing the " Standard " in large quan- tities. Six assistants are employed by Mr. Wendellken to aid him in attending to the wants of his trade, in receiving and shipping goods. The advantages of an establishment of this kind to a community so largely agricultural as this are inestimable. It enables every farmer and planter to procure labor-saving machin- ery at factory prices, thus saving them thousands of dollars annually, and keeping a great deal of money in the community that otherwise would be sent away to add to the profits of retail dealers in other cities. Mr. Wendellken conducts his business upon advanced principles of enterprise and liberality, and merits the large trade he enjoys, not only because of the undoubted excellence of the machin- ery he sells, but also because of his genial manner and courteous bearing toward his patrons. LAWRENCE'S COMMERCIAL COLLEGE CORNER ELM AND SYCAME STREETS. This college was established in 1874, by Prof. E. B. Lawrence, and now occu- pies front rank among the educational institutions of the city. The Lawrence College is especially adapted to preparing young men for entering upon commer- cial pursuits, teaching those branches only which are of practical benefit in busi- ness, and wasting no time upon impractical theories or the study of abstruse questions. It has the power to confer degrees, and some of the most successful business men of Dallas bear diplomas of graduation from its halls. Mr. Lawrence, the President of the institution, is a man of great learning and rare ability, and possessed, to an eminent degree, of the faculty of imparting knowledge to others, a faculty without which no teacher can ever become great. The school is well con- ducted, as is evidenced by the fact that it is steadily increasing in patronage and popularity, and bids fair to become one of the greatest educational institutions in the South. Parents desiring to send their children to a good school should send to Prof. Lawrence for catalogues, which will be sent to any address free. The school offers inducements unequaled by any similar institution in the country. T. BILLINGTON FURNITURE, 639 AND 641 ELM STREET. Within the last decade the manufacture of furniture and cabinet making has greatly advanced, both in extent of production and improved facilities, while in point of taste the progress has been fully as great. Formerly the plainest furni- ture was good enough for our new State, but at present public opinion expresses a desire for as fine goods as are made, and hence men of enterprise and ability have entered upon this branch of trade. A leading house in Dallas is that of T. Billington, TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 99 located as above noted, as the place where all styles of furniture can be found, from the plainest to the most artistic. The house was established nine years ago, has stood at the head of the trade and provided our people with first-class goods and new styles as they have come into the market. An immense store, 50x200 feet, buiJt in a most substantial manner, is occupied, two floors of which are used to store their stock, the value of which cannot be less than $40,000. Mr. Billington is a large and extensive dealer, with a trade reaching out over the entire State, and it is yearly increasing. Much credit is due him for the vigor manifested in keeping pace with the increased demand of the trade. The stock is noted for elegant de- signs and finish, having the elements of durability combined with attractive ap- pearance and usefulness. Those desiring first-class furniture and artistic decora- tions will find their interests greatly conserved by formings busines relations with Mr. T. Billington, whom they will find a fair and honorable dealer, as well as a liberal one to his patrons. MRS. J, E. BURNETT MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN ALL KINDS OF PUMP?, GAS AND STEAM FITTINGS; H. C. REED, MANAGER, 811 AND 813 MAIN STREET. This house was established in 1875, and is one of the most widely known in the city. The stock is large and complete, embracing all kinds of pumps, plumb- ing, gas, water and steam fittings, copper lightning rods, etc., many of which artic'es are manufactured at this establishment. A competent force of skillful plumbers and fitters are employed here, and all kinds of work in that line are done in the best style and at the lowest prices. Mr. H. C. Reed, the manager, is a practical workman, of great experience, and understands the business thoroughly in all its departments. The business of the concern is conducted upon principles of the most advanced enterprise and liberality, and the success with which it meets is but a proper testimonial to its merits. This house is cordially recommended to our readers as entirely worthy their full confidence and most generous support. DALLAS PAPER AND BAG WAREHOUSE H. ELSAS & Co., WHOLESALE DEALERS IN PRINTED AND UNPRINTED MANILLA WRAPPING PAPER, PAPER BAGS, TWINES, STATIONERY, FLOUR AND GRAIN SACKS, STRAW AND GRAY RAG PAPER, BUTTER TRAYS, ETC., 737 ELM STREET. These gentlemen have only been in business in this city six months, but so well-known have they become to the people throughout the State, that they scarcely need a word of introduction at our hands. Short as has been their stay among the people of Dallas, yet so great has been their activity, so outreaching their enterprise, that their reputation as wholesale dealers is not confined to the city or the county, but reaches throughout the State. They occupy a two-story brick building, covering an area of 25x75 feet, and they have it well stocked with a full and complete assortment of all grades of manilla wrapping paper, which they furnish either printed or unprinted, paper bags, twines, stationery, flour and grain sacks, straw and gray rag paper, butter trays, in short, every conceivable arti- cle carried by houses in their line. They make a specialty of the best quality of 100 DALLAS HER machine-made satchel bottom bags for grocers, which they have in all sizes and sell at the lowest figures. They carry a stock valued at $10,000, and they and their three assistants are kept busily employed selling, packing and shipping goods. The members of the firm are Messrs. Herman Elsas and Rudolph Liebman, who came to Dallas from Atlanta, Georgia. Personally, as well as in a business way, these gentlemen are pleasant, affable and upright and persons desiring anything in their line will find it pleasant as well as profitable to deal with them. Their short ,stay here has been long enough to prove them earnest, active and reliable, and if their success in the past is any index of what the future holds in store for them, they will not only reap bountiful success, but will make a place for their house in the front rank of the business establishments of the city and State. JOHN S. WITWER GENERAL AGENT AND DEALER IN STUDEBAKER BROTHERS' FREIGHT, FARM AND SPRING WAGONS, CARRIAGES, BUGGIES, ETC.; AGENT FOR BUFORD'S PLOWS; 711 ELM STREET. The Studebaker wagons stand preeminently high in every State of the Union for their adaptability to business as well as for the superior and careful workman- ship that has been put upon them. No wagons are sent without careful inspection and in a perfect condition, so that any man may feel safe, wherever he buys, of getting a wagonthat cannot fail to suit. Mr. John S. Witwer is the general agent and dealer at Dallas. He handles the freight, farm and spring wagons, carriages, buggies and all vehicles that may be desired. He is an old and well-tried agent in Dallas, and has been found, after twelve years' trial, to be a man of his word, and one who sells goods oh fair and honorable representations. He also deals in other implements; corn-shellers, plows and wrought iron fencing and crestings. He occupies the two-story building at 711 Elm street, and there can be found at all times a stock of from $10,000 to $15,000 in value, from which to select, embracing all the varieties demanded by the Texas trade. Little need be said of this establishment, as the universal reputation of the goods handled by Mr. Witwer is sufficient guarantee that he aims to sell only the best, and being agent, can and does sell at the very lowest rates to be procured. In conclusion, it is but just to remark that, with the numerous advantages possessed by him, Mr. Witwer is prepared to com- pete with any of his contemporaries in the country in the terms and inducements offered to buyers as well as in the quality of goods sold. THE BRADSTREET MERCANTILE AGENCY (CENTRAL OFFICE FOR NORTH- ERN TEXAS); SIDNEY TABOR, SUPERINTENDENT, 735 MAIN STREET. The value of commercial agencies by which those engaged in mercantile pur- suits can obtain reliable information in regard to the financial standing of the houses and firms with whom they deal, is of incalculable benefit. They aid in establishing the credit of worthy and reliable houses, and in pointing out and exposing fraudulent and swindling firms of all kinds. The leading agency of this TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 101 kind in America is the Bradstreet, which was established in 1849, and which now has offices in all the principal cities of the United States and Canada, in London, England, and also correspondents throughout Europe, Australia, and in almost every town and village in America. The Bradstreet is the most complete agency of the kind in existence to-day, and the almost perfect facilities which it has for the collection of data makes the information which it imparts to its subscribers entirely reliable in every particular. The Dallas branch of the Bradstreet Mer- cantile Agency was established some years ago, and has made rapid advances, until now it has a large list of subscribers, numbering among them some of the best firms and business houses in the city, and ten assistants are required to aid the man- ager in doing the work. Mr. Sidney Tabor, the manager, has been with the Brad- street Agency a considerable period, having had thorough training in the business while employed in the Baltimore office. He took control of the office here in Sep- tember, 1884, and has since managed the affairs of the agency with consummate skill and ability. He is a man of great energy and activity in business, and of genial manner and courteous bearing in private life, and all those who come in contact with him will receive at his hands the kindest and most considerate treat- ment. THE NEW HOME SEWING MACHINE CO. W. D. KNOWLES, MANAGER; DALLAS BRANCH OFFICE, 755 ELM STREET. The hum of the sewing machine is heard all over the land. There is no voice in which there is more music than in its delicate click, click, click, for it means a cessation of labor for weary woman, a folding of tired hands and a closing of heavy eyelids which, before the coming of the sewing machine to make the tiresome seams with almost lightning-like rapidity, must have labored wearily on long after the hours for rest had come. Among the most popular of the many machines that are day by day, all over the country, cheerily singing " The Song of the Shirt," is the New Home, and its popularity is rapidly increasing, owing to the fact that it is founded on the solid rock of merit, and therefore able to withstand the storms and shocks of rivalry, prejudice and misrepresentation which beat upon it. The Gold Medal Sewing Machine Company was organized as a corporation in 1867, with a capital of $230,000. It did business under that name until 1882, when it was re-organized under the name of the New Home Sewing Machine Co., and the capi- tal stock increased to $500,000. The factories of the Company are located at Orange, Mass., the immense buildings covering five acres of flooring. Five hundred and fifty men are employed at the factories, and are kept busily engaged at all seasons of the year in manufacturing machines to meet the large and growing demand. The New Home is the result of twenty-five years' practical experience in the man- ufacture of sewing machines, and contains more points of excellence than can be found in any 'other machine. In its construction, special reference has been had to the views of practical operators and men of scientific attainments. In its pro- duction are successfully combined simplicity, durability, reliability, speed, strength and beauty, and it is uaequaled for ease of management and capacity for 102 DALLAS HER wide range of work. It uses a straight self-setting needle, and makes the double thread '* lock-stitch." It is the perfection of mechanism for hemming, felling, trimming, binding, cording, braiding, seaming, hem-stitching, quilting, tucking, darning, fringing, ruffling, gathering, embroidering, etc., and is adapted to all kinds of sewing, from the lightest muslins to the heaviest cloths. The wood work is very unique and attractive in style, substantially and carefully made from well- seasoned and carefully selected stock, elegantly finished and in perfect harmony with the excellent workmanship of the machine. All wearing parts of this ma- chine are made of steel, case-hardened, and every machine is warranted perfect in all its parts. The price of the New Home is lower than that of any other first- class machine in the market, and sales are made upon such terms as put it in the reach of all. Dallas is one of the five distributing points of the Company, and the office here is headquarters for all the agencies in Texas, New Mexico and Ari- zona. Mr. W. D. Knowles, the manager of the Dallas office, is a man of twenty years' experience in the business, and is one of the most enterprising and active men doing business for the Company. He occupies spacious and pleasant quarters at 755 Elm street, the room covering an area of 30x90 feet. He has agents in every available community in the territory under his jurisdiction, and his busi- ness for the Sate of Texas alone, during the last year, aggregated $125,000. He is polite, courteous and accommodating, and those who have dealings with him will always be treated with the utmost kindness and consideration. The gentlemanly qualities of the agent, together with the general excellence of the machine, make a combination with which rival establishments have found it hard to compete, and impossible to surpass. B. E. ANDREWS & CO. DALLAS CITY LUMBER YARD; YARD AND OFFICE AT CROSSING OF McKiNNEY ROAD AND DALLAS BRANCH. When people are contemplating where and how to build, a very important item is as to where they can procure the necessary goods at the lowest prices, and made in the most modern styles and best workmanship. In the line of doors, sash, blinds, mouldings and lumber, etc., Messrs. R. E. Andrews & Co. have a rep- utation second to none in the city. Ten large saw-mills are owned by this firm on the line of the Texas & Pacific Railroad, and they are thus enabled to keep a full stock of native pine lumber on hand, and the goods manufactured are guaranteed to be first-class and most desirable. They have marked advantages not enjoyed by many competitors, and their prices are as low as the lowest in this section. As they ship large quantities of lumber and building materials by rail, they are enabled to obtain special rates on freight, which is an item of no small size to be considered by builders. A specialty is made of sawing bills to order, also in sawing extra sizes of lumber. In addition to the manufacture of sash, doors, blinds and mouldings, they make and have constantly on hand a large and splendid line of flooring, siding and dressed lumber, besides a large stock "of rough lumber, lath and shingles. The trade is extensive and growing. They have a house at Longview, conducted by Messrs. I. H. Crutcher and Geo. D. Harrison. Orders left TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 103 either here or at Longview, will receive that prompt attention for which the firm have long been noted. The members of the firm are practical men who conduct business upon that broad plane of commercial integrity which brings them a yearly increasing trade, and with such facilities as they enjoy are prepared to compete with any similar concern in offering substantial advantages to jobbers in lumber and building material. Parties in or out of the city will find it to their advantage to examine the stock of this establishment before making purchases, particularly those who are engaged in building, either by contract or in their own behalf. C. H. EDWARDS DEALER IN PIANOS, ORGANS AND GENERAL MUSICAL MER- CHANDISE, 733 AND 735 MAIN STREET. Music, as a practice, if not as an art, must have been cultivated in the earliest periods of human history. Moses records that Jubal was the father of all such as handle the harp and the organ. That the musical instruments of those early days were rude and primitive may readily be supposed; but the record suffices to demon- strate the fact that instrumental music is of very ancient origin. Great improve- ments have been made in reed, string and metallic instruments, and the highest attainments of art, skill and science have been brought to bear on their construc- tion. Vary few persons not directly interested have any idea of the vast amount of capital invested in the manufacture of the various kind of pianos and organs re- quired by the amateur and professional musicians of the present day, or of the 104 DALLAS HER skill required to bring them to the highest state of perfection in purity and rich- ness of tone, beauty and finish. The manu'acture of musical instrument-* is a trade, and at the same time a profession separated and apart from all others, and one requiring the highest degree of mechanical ingenuity and delicacy of touch. In Dallas there is an establishment which is the headquarters for musical instru- ments for all Northern Texas. This is the well known house of C. H. Edwards, 733 and 735 Main street, where may be found at all times a full assortment of the most celebrated pianos ever offered to the public. Among the most prominent may be mentioned the world renowned Chickering piano, which has been before the public many years, and which, for richness and purity of tone, durability and general excellence, stands first of all the pianos made. They aLo -sell Mathusek and C. H. Edwards pianos, and many other kinds of more or less celebrity. They have also a full line of Mason & Hamlin and Western Cottage organs, which they sell at the lowest possible figures. Besides the articles mentioned they also carry a large assortment of musical instruments of all kinds and a general supply of music books and sheet music. Eight assistants are employed in this establishment and are kept busy attending to the wants of customers. The room occupied is 50x90 feet, centrally located, and specially adapted to the business for which it is used. Mr. Edwards has been in business here eight years, during which he has built up an immense trade, from which he reaps a large income. He is justly en- titled to the prominent position he holds among the representative business men of the city, who by their enterprise have contributed their full quota in establishing for this city the pre-eminence which she now enjoys as the leading commercial metropolis of Texas. HUGHES BROTHERS & CO. MANUFACTURERS OF BAKING POWDER, CHAMPAGNE CIDER, GINGER ALE, MINERAL WATKR, SODA, FLAVORING EXTRACTS, BLUING, SAUCES, ETC., CORNER HUGHES AND ERVAY STREETS. Probably no establishment in the city has a reputation so widespread as the house of Hughes Brothers & Co. This firm began the manufacture of baking powder here about four years ago, working on small capital and doing a limited business. Owing to the excellence of the baking powder produced, there was soon a large demand for it, and they found themselves obliged to extend their business and increase the capacity of their house. As their business grew and prospered, they added other articles of manufacture, until to-day they have one of the largest manufacturing houses in the State, and the largest of its kind in the South. In addition to the celebrated " Grape B tking Powder/' which brought them their first celebrity, and to whose excellence they owe a great deal of their prosperity, they also manufacture champagne cider, ginger ale, mineral waters, soda, flavoring extracts, bluing and sauces of various kinds. Fifty hands are employed in their manufacturing department, and five traveling salesmen are continually on the road selling their goods all over Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, and gradually intro- ducing them into others of the surrounding States and Territories. The business of this firm has increased more than one hundred per cent, each year, and the TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 105 promises for the future are still greater. The manufactory is a large two-story building with cellar, covering an area of 65x100 feet, well fitted up with all the conveniences and appurtenances for carrying on their immense business. This firm also have a broom factory which does a large amount of business and is a source of profit to its proprietors. The personnel of the firm is three brothers, J. V., G. V. and F. V. Hughes, all gentlemen of great enterprise and rare business qualifications. They are practical men in their business, knowing it thoroughly in all departments, and much of their success is due to their indomitable will and untiring energy. They are also extensive advertisers, and for a retail dealer in the Southwest not to know the firm of Hughes Brothers & Co. is to " argue him- self unknown." Their house is an honor to themselves, a credit to the city, and fully deserves the magnificent success which it has achieved. E. F. C A MUSE WAGON AND CARRIAGE MAKER, CORNER ELM AND JEFFERSON STREETS. This is one of the best known and popular establishments of its kind in Dallas Mr. Camuse, the proprietor, is a skillful workman in his line, and never lets a piece of work go out of his shop that is not well done. He manufactures buggies, car- riages and wagons, using in their construction carefully selected and well seasoned timber, and all his vehicles are warranted first-class and guaranteed to give satis- faction. He also does a general repairing business, renewing the broken parts of wagons and carriages, and fixing them up in first-class order. He employs none but competent blacksmiths and wagon makers, and the goods he turns out will stand the test of the hardest usage. His work possesses also another popular quality, that of being cheap, and farmers, cattle men and planters coming to town, who have work in his line to be done, can have a first-class job done at this shop at the very lowest possible figures. ROBINSON & HART EMPORIUM OF ART NEEDLEWORK, 739 ELM STREET. The most novel and interesting establishment in Dallas, as well as one of the handsomest and most attractive, is that of Robinson & Hart, manufacturers of and dealers in fancy decorative art needlework, in crewel, silk and floss, 739 Elm street. This is a comparatively new line of business, and one which, to carry on successfully, requires not only a great degree of artistic skill and taste, but also an immense amount of energy, activity and general business progressiveness. Few per- , sons possess the nerve required to invest their capital in the manufacture of articles so entirely outside the beaten track of commercial industry, and such nerve, coup- led with the requisite amount of artistic skill, as well as a proper proportion of business ability and activity to make such an enterprise successful, form a combi- nation, rare indeed, and one which deserves the hearty support and patronage of the community. Messrs. Robinson & Hart have demonstrated the fact that it is not alone those who deal in the necessaries of life and in articles that are required by the grosser of the human senses, that can succeed in business here, but that there is also success to be achieved by those who cater to the finer sensibilities and 106 DALLAS HER more artistic tastes. In short, their success fully demonstrates the fact that the people of this city and community are interested in those things, classed as lux- uries, which beautify and ornament home, as well as in those more common pur- suits which are necessary to the progress and growth of a city or State. The establishment of Messrs. Robinson & Hart is located in the business portion of the city, and in a building well suited to the proper display of their goods. The stock is most artistically and handsomely arranged, and embraces a large variety of novelties in decorative needlework, embroideries, applique patterns, Honiton and point lace, braids, etc., etc. Besides articles of this class there is also to be found at this establishment a large assortment of five cent sheet music, embracing all the most popular songs, ballads and instrumental pieces of the day. The regular price of this music is from twenty-five to seventy-five cents. These gentlemen have been in business here three years, and have built up a trade which not only pays them handsomely, but is also creditable to the refined taste of the people of the city. They fully merit all the success they have achieved, and are clearly entitled to the rank they hold among the most enterprising firms of Dallas. W. H. HOWELL & BRO. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DRUGGISTS, 607 ELM STRF.ET. This firm is well and centrally located in the business center of the city, and have for the past ten years enjoyed a large and growing wholesale and retail trade. They carry a complete stock of drugs, medicines, paints, oils and dye stuffs; also a fine line of toilet and fancy goods and druggists' sundries, and are also agents for D. M. Terry's celebrated garden and flower seeds. The business of this firm is conducted by Dr. W. H. Hovvell, who is a graduate of the Philadelphia School of Medicine, and adding to this knowledge an experience of almost twenty years in the drug trade, he hopes in every particular to give satisfaction to his friends and cus- tomers. To buy, to sell, to fill all the ends and demands upon a wholesale and retail druggist requires not only a business qualification, but the knowledge of the practical druggist and chemist. Everything entrusted to this firm, whether it be a wholesale order of smallest or largest character to the simplest compound of a drug, may be expected in the most thorough and approved style. " Thoroughness and entire satisfaction " is their motto. ECLIPSE DUMBER YARD R. M. PAGE, PROPRIETOR, ELM STREET, BETWEEN PHOENIX MILLS AND UNION DEPOT. The lumber business is an important interest in every city, and especially is it so in one which is making such rapid strides, and in which so much building is being done as in Dallas. Occupying a leading position among the establishments in this city which deal in lumber of all kinds is the Eclipse Lumber Yard. R. M. Page, the proprietor of this yard, buys direct from the pineries. He gives his atten- tion to the lumber trade, and his branch establishment here is under the manage- ment of Mr. A. Fielder, an experienced lumberman, and one who understands the business in all its details. He keeps on hand at all times a large stock of rough and dressed lumber, doors, sash, blinds, shingles, mouldings, rafters, and building materials of all kinds. The stock is principally white and yellow pine and hard- TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 107 wood, and is the largest and of greatest variety in the city. The yard is well located, being near the Union Depot, is ample in size, and fitted up with all the conveni- ences for handling lumber with facility. The stock of lumber at present in the yard is valued at 835,000, and the annual sales aggregate a large amount. This establishment began operations here in 1880, and has during the time that has elapsed since achieved a high reputation for the energy, enterprise and honesty of those in charge of it, and for the general excellence and reliability of the stock handled. Mr. Page has peculiar advantages in his business, not enjoyed by many firms, as he is constantly in the lumber districts, and takes advantage of all forced sales; and understanding the business thoroughly in every department, he is enabled to deal liberally with his patrons. The facility with which the stock can be handled at the yard enables him to offer his wares to the public at prices that are unrivaled by any of his compeers, and to insure every article sold to be exactly as represented. This is one of the most extensive and best known establishments in the city, and the high estimation in which it is held has been secured by the energy, enterprise and reliability of its proprietor. P. \V. LINSKIE FUNERAL DIRECTOR, 1135 MAIN STREET, CORNER HARWOOD. In a detailed review of Dallas and her enterprises, which is designed to furnish our readers with facts concerning the various industries carried on in this growing city, we would call attention to the elegant line of metallic and wooden coffins and caskets that are found in the stock of Mr. P. M. Linskie, at No. 1135 Main street. The stock is most complete, moderate prices are charged, and he is liberal in his terms. He is a man of experience, and well adapted to take charge and conduct funeral services in a manner calculated to assuage the sorrow of the bereaved ones, and to make the last sad rite as soothing as possible. He is a man of reliability, and fills all orders, by mail or otherwise, in his line with promptness and despatch. When desired, he takes entire charge of funerals, furnishing hearse and carriages as may be requested, and relieves the family from all undue anxiety and care. His telephone number is 85. The building is a two-story brick, 50x80, and well adapted to store the large stock he carries. He has had eleven years experience at the busi- ness, and fully comprehends its proper conduct. Mr. Linskie is agent for The Me- tallic Burial Case Co. of New York, and as this is their distributing point, he offers to the TRADE the goods at manufacturers' prices. A full supply is kept constantly on hand. J. M. HOUSE DRUGGIST AND PHARMACIST, 715 MAIN STREET. One of the neatest and most attractive drug stores in Dallas is that of J. M. House, 715 Main street. Conveniently situated and handsomely fitted up, it is a credit to its proprietor and to the city. The stock carried is unusually full and varied. It comprises all the finest drugs and chemicals, imported and domestic, patent and proprietory medicines, fancy goods, toilet articles, soaps and perfumery, and, in fact, everything generally found in a first-class establishment of the kind. The trade is large, extending over the city and throughout the surrounding coun- try, and is continually increasing. Mr. House, the proprietor, is a gentleman of 108 DALLAS HER large experience and thorough training in his profession, and occupies a high posi- tion among the pharmacists of the city. He is a man of high character, honest and reliable in all his dealings, active and enterprising in conducting his business, courteous and polite in manner, and is highly esteemed by all who know him. His establishment is one of the most reliable in the city and we cordially recom- mend it to our readers. BARTRAM, ROBINSON & CO. MANUFACTURERS' AGENTS FOR AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, 211 MAIN STREET. This house opened its doors to the public on the first of October, 1884. Its proprietors are men of activity and energy, and already are making the influence of their establishment felt in commercial circles. They are the sole agents for Texas, the Indian Territory, and Old and New Mexico, for the following articles: Wheeler & Melick Co.'s improved railway and lever powers, vibrator threshers, steam engines, etc.; Johnston Harvester Co.'s mowers, reapers and self-binders; J. W. Book waiter & Co.'s hand and self-dump standard hay rakes and lawn mowers; Jones of Binghamton scales; Evans & Foos Manufacturing Co.'s corn planters, check rowers and harrows; Superior Drill Co.'s new adjustable force feed grain drill; Foos Manufacturing Co.'s grinding mills, portable forges, etc.; Ertel Clipper hay presses; McLaughlin, Sheldon & Co.'s grinding mills; Parlin & Oren- dorff Co.'s plows, harrows and stalk cutters; Rose rotary disc harrows: John Burg wagons, and Davis stump pullers. These goods are sold by sample and shipped direct from the factory to the purchaser, thus avoiding the expense of repeated handling and re-shipment, and the patrons of this establishment enjoy all the advantages they could possibly have if dealing directly with the manufacturers. The managers of this concern are men of large experience in this branch of busi- ness, having been engaged in it for many years, and are thoroughly conversant with all its demands and requirements. They are enterprising and progressive in business, conducting all the transactions of their house on principles of the most TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 109 advanced liberality, as well as the strictest integrity, and will, no doubt, secure a large share of the public patronage. They are affable and polite in manner, mak- ing dealings with them as pleasant as profitable, and a customer once gained is converted at once into a permanent patron. This house is cordially recommended to our readers as in every way worthy their confidence and support. SOUTHWESTERN STONEWARE AND PIPE COMPANY Nos. 110 AND 112 MAIN STREET ; F. G. MOORE, MANAGER; MANUFACTURERS OF CEMENT CHIM- NEY FLUES, CULVERT, DRAIN AND WELL PIPE. Skillful physicians assert that fully one-half of all diseases are the direct or indirect result of imperfect drainage. How important then the proper construc- tion of drains and sewers. The first question to be considered is the kind of mate- rial to use. Brick material will not answer. Filth collects on their bottoms and sides, generating gases that destroy the mortar and open a way for their escape into the air, thus producing disease. These difficulties are entirely overcome by the use of the Southwestern Stoneware and Pipe Company's goods. This pipe has a smooth, even surface, and if the size is proportional to the amount of work it has to perform, it is self-cleansing and is impervious to the action of acids and gases. The drain, well and culvert pipes, chimney flues and cement made here with all their goods are of a superior kind and adapted to the uses for which they are designed. Mr. F. G. Moore, the sash, door and blinds man of Dallas, is the effic- ient manager of this company, and is prompt in his attention to all orders by mail and specially careful in preparing goods for shipment. The business is fairly and honorably conducted, and those buying or ordering goods here will have their interests well guarded and receive liberal treatment. FREES & SON DEALERS IN PIANOS AND ORGANS, AND IMPORTERS OF MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, 812 AND 814 MAIN STREET. The leading and most extensive house in the city dealing in pianos, organs and musical supplies generally, is that of Frees & Son. 812 and 814 Main street. This house was established in 1881, and soon rose to a high place in the confidence and respect of the people. The sales-room of this establishment is large and conveni- ently located, and the ware-rooms extend through the second story of almost an entire block of buildings. The stock carried is valued at $35,000, and embraces a full line of pianos, organs, musical instruments, and sheet music of all kinds. Prominent among the pianos handled by this house are the Hardman, New Eng- land, Marshall & Wendell, and Kurtzman, all instruments of standard make, su- perior in finish, and of excellent tone. Among the organs are found the Standard and the New England, both of which are well known for their handsome finish, their excellent qualities of sound, and their proverbial durability. Besides these they keep violins, guitars, banjos, flutes, clarionets and. band outfits of the finest quality and most approved make. Of sheet music they carry a large stock, em- bracing the latest and most popular songs, ballads and instrumental pieces, also the scores of all the current operas. Fifteen agents and assistants are employed by this firm, and are constantly engaged in attending to the demands of their trade, which I 110 DALLAS HER extends throughout the entire State of Texas, and aggregates $80,000 annually. Messrs. W. J. and J. Frees, the members of this firm, are both gentlemen of large experience in the business in which they are engaged, thoroughly understanding it in all its details, and fully appreciating all its demands. They are men of honesty and probity in business, and their recommendation of an instrument is at all times worthy the confidence of the purchaser. Their business is conducted on principles of the highest integrity, and the reputation of their house for liberality and fair dealing is co-extensive with the State boundaries. They have, by their indomi- table will and untiring energy, built up an extensive trade in the face of great op- position, and they rightly deserve the great success that has attended their efforts. They are recommended to our readers everywhere as a firm with whom to transact business will always be found both pleasant and profitable. BLOCK BROS. PROPRIETORS PALACE SHOE STORE, 110 LAMAR STREET. Among the many establishments in the city which deal in boots and shoes, this house occupies a first place. It was established in 1883, to meet a want long felt by the people of Dallas for a house that would carry a finer line of goods than those handled by the stores in this city prior to that time. The Messrs. Block carry none but fine goods, and of these they have a large and select stock, being made especially for their trade and bearing their own brand. Ladies find here the finest, neatest fitting and most comfortable kid and moroc'co shoes that can be obtained in the market, and of the latest styles. Of men's fine footwear they also carry a full line, both of boots and shoes, making a specialty of the genuine Eng- lish Waukenphast, the easiest, best and most sensible custom-made shoe known to the trade. In short they carry the most complete assortment of fine goods in their line to be found in the city, and they sell them all at prices that defy competition. Messrs. J. E. and Sam Block, who compose the personnel of the firm, are young men of energy, activity and business ability, and the large patronage which they enjoy is due in a great part to their indomitable will and perseverance. They conduct their business upon principles of the most advanced liberality and enter- prise, and they merit all the success they have achieved. This house is cordially recommended to our readers as one with which business relations will be found both pleasant and profitable. ANHEUSER-BUSCH BREWING ASSOCIATION L. REICHENSTEIN, GENERAL AGENT, No. 708 MAIN STREET. Almost every large city in the Union lays claim to the distinction of brewing the best lager beer to be found in America, and every one of them is able to advance arguments, supported by figures, to back its claims. But throughout this section of country there is but little discussion regarding the comparative merits of the beer brewed in different cities. Texans have found that St. Louis beer is good enough for them, and they do not waste their time or risk their stomachs in experimenting with the products of rival cities. But having settled upon the place which furnished the best beer, they had another question to determine, and that was the particular brewery which produced it. St. Louis has so many com- TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. Ill panics that brew first-class beer, that this last question was rendered somewhat dif- ficult of determination, and many " schooners " were consumed before a conclu- sion was reached. The question is settled, however, and from the decision there is no appeal, and the beer made by the Anheuser-Busch Brewing Co. stands to-day, and is likely to remain, the prime favorite among Texas beer drinkers. It is need- less for us to enter into an extended discussion of the merits of this noted bever- age; it is too well-known to make a recommendation from us necessary. L. Reich- enstein, general agent, No. 708 Main street, has been in the business here for eleven years, and is highly popular among the business men of the city. He is active, enterprising and energetic in business, and the Anheuser-Busch Co. are fortunate in having acquired the services of so faithful a representative. He supplies beer to retailers in any quantity they may desire, and at the very closest possible figures. Saloon-keepers will find this a most agreeable house with which to deal, and the beer it handles is popular wherever introduced. A. S. ALSTON LIVERY, FEED AND SALE STABLE, 926 ELM STREET. The above mentioned stables rank high among the most important in the city, for the reception, care and sale of stock, as well as for general livery business. Mr. Alston keeps a fine line of buggies, carriages and hacks, together with the freshest and best kept stock in the city, and is prepared to furnish good turnouts on short notice. He makes a specialty of fast stock, and in his stables are to be found some of the best goers in the city, both in harness and under the saddle. His experience and knowledge of horseflesh is of rare value in this line, and the stock he handles is, therefore, generally of the best. He has several well skilled assistants, who are conversant with the proper care of stock, so that, altogether, there are no better stables in Dallas. There is also a boarding department connected with these sta- bles, in which horses are kept by the day, week, or month, at reasonable rates, and where they receive the best of care and attention. Mr. Alston is a native of Daven- port, Iowa, but has lived in this city since 1876. He is quite a young man, full of enterprise and activity, and a determination to succeed. His stable is 50x100 feet in H/C, with a good sized horse-lot adjoined, which gives ample room for the ac- commodation of a large number of horses. Mr. Alston is a gentleman with whom it is a pleasure to transact business, and the excellent patronage he receives is no more than his merits deserve. EXCHANGE BANK OFFICERS: WM. E. HUGHES, PRESIDENT; JNO. N. SIMPSON, VJCK-PRESIDENT; ROYAL A. FERRIS, CASHIER; JOHN H. GASTON, ASSISTANT CASHIER. In the standing of her banking institutions Dallas need not fear comparison with any city in the country; and among them one of the most prominent and ably conducted \v the one whose name heads this article. The Exchange Bunk of Dallas was organi/ed in l, and from its inception took a leading posi- tion. Its policy has always been strictly conservative, and the prudential charac- ter of its investments has gained it the confidence of all classes. Owing to its splendid facilities for making collections throughout the State, all items received 112 DALLAS HER from their corresponding banks are credited at par, a few small and unimportant points only excepted on which the cost of collecting only is charged. Among the principal stockholders are Messrs. Wm. E. Hughes, W. H. Gaston, John N. Simpson, and Royal A. Ferris. The officers of the bank are all gentlemen well known in and out of business circles, and in their hands its interests are well and carefully guarded. We append the nineteenth semi-annual statement of the bank, a glance at which will convince anyone that its affairs are in a perfectly solvent and satisfac- tory condition : RESOURCES. Loans and Discounts $346,254.66 Overdrafts 2,702.71 Furniture and Fixtures 5,373.11 Expenses paid x 625.00 Cash on hand $ 96,015.25 Due from Banks subject to our sight drafts 108,909'91 204,924.96 $559,880.44 LIABILITIES. Capital and surplus $111,332.43 Profits, net, six months 10,449.56 Individual deposits $294,306.42 Demand Certificates 4,578.18 Due Banks and Bankers 139,213.85 438,098.45 $559,880.44 BIRD, ANDERSON & CO. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN ROUGH AND DRESSED LUMBER, SHINGLES, SASH, DOORS AND MOULDINGS, CORNER ELM AND ST. PAUL STREETS. Prominent among the commercial interests of every city is that of the lumber dealer. Several firms, representing a large amount of capital, are engaged in that very important branch of trade in this city, among which we note that of Bird, Anderson & Co. as occupying a leading position. This establishment is one of large proportions, perfect in all its details and arrangements, and occupies a prom- inent position among the successful business enterprises of Dallas. The business has been carried on for two years with no interruption to its success, enlarging its capacity and widening the scope of its operations from time to time. The office is at the corner of Elm and St. Paul streets, and the yard extends along St. Paul from Elm to Main, facing on both the latter streets 200 feet, thus giving an area of 40,000 square feet for the storage of the large stock of lumber carried by the firm. The stock consists of all kinds, sizes and qualities of white and yellow pine lum- ber, rough and dressed, joists, flooring, shingles, lath, sash, doors, blinds, mould- ings, etc., and is valued at $30,000. The trade of this house is principally in the city, but it does, also, a large business throughout the surrounding country. This establishment is a desirable one with which to establish business relations, and can 113 be relied on under all circumstances for square, honorable dealing. Its trade aggregates $60,000 per annum, and six men find constant employment in attend- ing to the wants of its customers, receiving and shipping lumber. Liberal, ener- getic and straight-forward in their policy, the proprietors of this establishment have been successful in legitimate business, always occupying a high position for mer- cantile honor and integrity. Carpenters, contractors and builders will find it to their advantage to learn the prices at this establishment before buying their lumber and building materials elsewhere. Buying, as they do, in large quantities, and having every facility for handling lumber cheaply, they are able to give their patrons the benefit of every circumstance which can conduce to low prices, making their establishment one of the most advantageous in the city with which to open business relations. T. L. MARSALIS &_CO. WHOLESALE GROCERS, COMMERCE, MURPHY AND JACKSON STREET*. Mr. T. L. Marsalis commenced the grocery business at Dallas in 1872, he being then 18 years of age. At the same time he made several investments in real estate. Since then he has lent his energies towards the development of Dallas in her every interest and he has done as much as any man to bring the city of Dallas to what she is to-day. As the commercial interests of Dallas developed he realized handsome profits on his real estate investments, and his business rapidly increased. He has built several of the largest business buildings in the city. In 1883 he associated with him Mr. J. T. Elliott, a successful and wealthy lumber merchant of Dallas. They now occupy a building they have just completed, 125 feet front and 200 feet long, three stories high with cellar arranged to run cars into the build- ing for unloading and loading five cars at one time. They do as large, if not the largest, wholesale grocery business done by any house in the State, their trade extending throughout Texas and part of New Mexico, Arizona and the Indian Territory. In every way T. L. Marsalis & Co. are a part of the history of Dallas since it was a town of 2,500 inhabitants, and in all their transactions have exhib- 114 DALLAS HER ited a high order of executive ability, remarkable enterprise, and to an eminent degree that fine sense of business honor which appeals directly to the confidence and esteem of the public. They are representative men of the modern age, and their business establishment is a credit to their commercial talents and an honor to this progressive city. FRED SIMON DEALER IN SECOND-HAND GOODS OF ALL KINDS; FURNITURE A SPECIALTY; 721 ELM STREET. To all those persons desirous of purchasing goods of any description, and who wish to buy where they can get the most and the best for the least money, we cordially recommend the establishment of Fred. Simon, 721 Elm street. Mr. Simon occupies a two-story brick building, 25x85 feet, and he has it full of second-hand goods of every kind, shape and make, which he sells at surpris- ingly low prices. Mr. Simon has been in business here for fifteen years, and has established a reputation for probity and honesty that insures fair treatment to his customers. He carries a stock which invoices $4,000, and as all these goods are bought second-hand, or at forced sales, he is able to sell them at prices which defy competition and startle the purchaser they are so low. If there is any article wanted in the way of furniture, or household utensils of any kind, Mr. Simon's is the place to get it. He makes a specialty of furniture, of which he carries a good stock bought low and for sale cheap, and he also exchanges goods in this line. He enjoys a large and growing trade in the city and surrounding country, and is fully deserving of the success he wins. CARTER & GIBSON PRINTING CO. JOB PRINTERS, STATIONERS AND BLANK BOOK MANUFACTURERS, 413 ELM STREET. This is one of the most thoroughly equipped printing houses in the State, and the large patronage which it enjoys is easily accounted for by the excellent char- acter of the work done. This establishment was founded in 1874 by Messrs. Geo. B. Carter and H. K. Gibson, and run by them until 1882, when they organized the Carter & Gibson Printing Co. as a corporation under the general corporation laws of the State of Texas. The capital stock of the corporation is $10,000, most of which they have invested in their office outfit, which is the largest and most com- plete in the city. They have four job presses, one of them being a Hoe cylinder, all of which are kept going steadily, to keep up with the immense amount of work which they have to do. The motive power is furnished by the Otto gas engine, and the press-work of the establishment is done in the highest style of the press- man's art. Fifteen hands are employed here, among them being some of the best known and most thoroughly competent workmen in the city, and no work is allowed to leave the office that is not well done. They have a large assortment of plain, fancy and ornamental job type, embracing all the latest and most popular styles, and any style of work desired can be done by them. They make a specialty of printing in colors, the perfect machinery which they use, and the high class of workmanship which they employ, enabling them to compete in this line of work with that done in the largest cities. The book binding department is fitted up TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 115 with everything needful in the way of machinery, and they are prepared to do this class of work satisfactorily and cheaply. They do hook binding of all kinds, and manufacture blank hooks of every description and, of a superior grade. Messrs. Carter and Gibson, the originators of the concern, and its managers and directors, arc men of large practical experience in the printing business, and are thorough masters of every detail of the art. They give the business their close personal attention and supervision, accepting no work from their employes that is not satis- factory to their patrons and creditable to the house. This house is recommended to our readers as one whose work is sure to give satisfaction. PATTERSON & CO. DEALERS IN FRUITS, NUTS AND CANDIES, 850 ELM STREET. The establishment which is the subject of this sketch is one which is not only a source of pride to the proprietors, but is also a credit to the city. It is located in the midst of the business portion of the city, occupying a building which covers an area of 15x40 feet, and one in which the stock is as nicely arranged and as neatly kept as that of any house in the city. Although only having been in busings here for a few months, the gentlemen composing this firm have made a reputation for their house, and acquired a custom that is both lucrative and creditable. Their stock is valued at $3,000, and embraces a full line of fine chocolate creams, marsh- mallows, apricot delicious, sherbert roll, cream walnuts, Parisian delight, Princess Nongathines, Opera cachons, Jordan B. alrnonds, angel food, Orange C' caramels, cherries and creams, mixed candies, gums, and prize candies in great variety. They a 1 so carry a large assortment of domestic and foreign fruits, nuts, grapes, etc. They make a specialty of carrying the fine goods of Maillard & Co., New York, and Blank Bros., St. Louis, of which they are continually receiving fresh supplies. They handle none but the purest candies, and take especial pride in keeping their stock fresh. Their efforts to cater to the public in this line have already met with liberal patronage, and they are enjoying a large and growing trade. Goods in this line cannot be bought at better advantage anywhere in the city than of Patterson & Co., 850 Elm street. ARMSTRONG BROS. WHOLESALE DEALERS IN GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS, 724 AND 726 COMMERCE STREET. This house, which is a branch of the well known Louisville establishment of H. C. & J. S. Armstrong, opened its doors to the public on November 1, 1884. Messrs. H. C. and J. S. Armstrong, the proprietors, are men who have received thor- ough training in the grocery business, having been engaged in it "from their youth," and they thoroughly understand it in all its details. The house in which they are located is a two-story brick, with dry basement, and covers an area of 50x200 feet, thus giving them a storage capacity of 30,000 square feet. Their stock is a large one, and specially selected with a view to meet the wants of the trade with which they have to deal. It includes Hour, meats and provisions of all kinds, teas, coffees, syrups, sugars, spices, canned goods of every kind, tobaccos, cigars, in short, a full assortment of all such goods as are handled by houses of the charac- ter of theirs. Their family groceries teas, coffees, sugars, etc., embrace some of 116 DALLAS HER the finest goods known to the trade, and among their cigars and tobaccos are many of the most widely celebrated and popular brands. They also deal in country pro- duce and merchants from the surrounding country towns and villages will find here not only a most advantageous place at which to buy their supplies, but also one at which they can get the highest ruling market prices for anything in the way of produce which they may have to sell. Although this house has been established here but a few months, yet its business is conducted upon such advanced princi- ples of liberality and enterprise, that it has already become widely and favorably known as one of the most progressive establishments in the city, and is making rapid strides towards the position of first among the wholesale houses of Dallas. Seventeen assistants are employed, some attending to the business of the firm in the city, others engaged in extending their trade through the surrounding counties, states and territories. The stock they carry is valued at $100,000, and, owing to their large trade, is being continually replenished by the receipt of new goods, thus keeping their stock always fresh. The location of this house is a good one, being on one of the principal business thoroughfares of the city, and in close proximity to the depot of the Santa Fe Railway. Buying in unusually large quantities, owing to the fact of their having two establishments, here and in Louisville, and with the judgment and discretion which are attained only by long experience, these gentlemen take advantage of every favorable circumstance whereby goods may be bought cheaply, and this, with their unexcelled facilities for handling goods cheaply, enables them to offer inducements to customers in the way of low prices with which rival concerns find it hard to compete. Honorable, reliable and progressive in business, pleasant, affable and courteous in their treatment of their fellow men, these gentlemen are worthy the greatest success which can possibly reward honest effort, and we cordially commend their house to our readers as one with which any business relations they may establish will be certain to prove both agreeable and advantageous. H. S. MATTHEWS LUMBER DEALER. Ross AVENUE AND CAMP STREET. As owning the leading establishment in Dallas manufacturing lumber, lath> shingles and mouldings and dealing in doors, sash, blinds, etc., H. S. Matthews is deserving of special mention in this volume, and a few leading points in reference to his facilities for handling lumber, and the extent of his operations will not be out of place. Mr. Matthews established his lumber yard here two years ago. His mills, at which he saws all the lumber he handles, and manufactures the mould- ings, laths, shingles, etc., are located in Bowie County, near Texarkana, and con- nected with the immense pineries owned by him by a narrow gauge railroad, thus giving him cheap transportation and enabling him to fill large orders promptly. Connected with the mills are his Chicago Patent Dry Kilns, in which the lumber used for ceiling, siding, flooring, etc., is dried. The mills are under the personal supervision of Mr. Matthews himself, as are also the dry kilns, and he guarantees all his lumber, sold as such, to be perfectly dry in all seasons of the year regard- less of weather. His yards in this city are conveniently located, covering an area of 200x300 feet, and fitted up with all the convenient appliances for handling lum- TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 117 her with facility. Here is kept a large stock of lumber, rough and dressed, sheet- ing, rafters, joists, shingles, lath, doors, blinds, sash, mouldings, pickets, etc., and all for sale at the lowest current prices. Carload lots a specialty. The goods are under the management of Mr. S. G. Roberts, a man experienced in handling lumber and understanding the business in all its details. The stock carried in the yard runs from $30,000 to $50,000, and the sales aggregate $150.000 annually. The reputation of this establishment for enterprise and liberality is not excelled by any of its contemporaries, while the excellent quality of the goods it handles makes it a most desirable one with which to establish business relations, which are sure in every instance to prove pleasant and profitable. In all -respects this establish- ment may be commended as worthy the confidence and consideration of the trade it so largely enjoys. Contractors and others desiring goods in this line should not fail to examine the stock and learn the prices at these yards. Price list furnished upon application. C. E. KUEHLTHAU CITY STEAM LAUNDRY, 706 COMMERCE STREET. One of the most important enterprises of Dallas and one of the most complete establishments in all respects, is the " City Steam Laundry" which the enterprise and business capacity of Mr. C. E. Kuehlthau has built up. Commencing in 1877 as a small hand laundry, and in spite of opposition from many quarters, Mr. Kuehlthau has the credit of owning and conducting the first steam laundry in Texas, and one whose work is in all respects equal to the best Northern and West- ern work. His establish- ment is thoroughly fitted out with the best and most im- proved machinery necessary in the business, and he is constantly adding all the new improvements, thus keeping up with the times. The machinery is run by an engine of ten horse power, and ten hands are employed at liberal wages. The business, which is rap- idly increasing so much so that Mr. Kuehlthau contemplates moving into new quarters, much larger than his present ones extends all over the city and State. Mr. Kuehlthau possesses facilities for doing the best work on short notice, which no other laundry in the city has, and clothing sent him to be washed from any part of the State, is delivered on the next train. All work done by his laundry is equal 118 DALLAS HER to any and surpassed by none, and he fears no competition from any source. Mr. Kuehlthau is a native of Germany, but has lived in America since boyhood, and is well-known in Dallas as one of her most enterprising and respected citizens. Commencing with no capital, he has built up a business of which any man may be proud, although many obstacles were thrown in his way by jealous rivals. Price lists may be obtained upon application. We may add, in conclusion, that the greater part of the. washing of Dallas, and the surrounding country, is done at his laundry. F. G. MOORE (SUCCESSOR TO E. P. COWEN & Co.) DEALER IN DOORS. SASH, BLINDS, MOULDINGS, STAIR WORK, SHINGLES, LATH, LIME, CEMENT, PLASTER, ETC., MIXED PAINTS AND BROOM MAKERS' SUPPLIES, MANUFACTURER OF STONE FLUES AND SEWER PIPE, 709 AND 711 ELM STREET. The rapid growth of Texas and particularly Dallas has made the demand for 'building material simply enormous and has brought some of the most active and enterprising men into this branch of trade. Among them we find in gathering statistics of the city that Mr. F. G. Moore, who succeeded to the business of E. P. Co wen & Co., occupies a conspicuous place. In his large and well selected stock, which occupies three floors of his double store, 50x200 feet, can be found all kinds of doors, sash, blinds, moulding, stair work and builders' finishing material generally ; also shingles, lath, lime, cement, plaster, hair, mixed paints, and all his wood material is guaranteed to be made from select and well seasoned lumber. Buying this class of goods by the carload as he does, he is able and does make very liberal prices, which has resulted in a widespread trade, reaching over a large part of the State, and increasing annually as he becomes better known. It is not going too far to assert that no house in the State can offer more inducements and very few can afford like advantages to their patrons. The entire business of this house is conducted upon sound principles, and the aim of Mr. Moore is to protect the interests of his customers by supplying them with the best lumber material at the most reasonable rates. THE HUNSTABLE BOOT AND SHOE COMPANY WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN BOOTS AMD SHOES, 712 ELM STREET. We should be remiss in our duty to the public, should we pretend to write' up a history of the commercial and manufacturing establishments of Dallas, and leave out the Hunstable Boot and Shoe Company. Although this company has been in business here only since June, yet in that time it has firmly established a place for itself among the firmest enterprises of Dallas. It is located in a two-story brick building which covers an area of 30x80 feet, and they carry a stock of $10,000 in value. In the manufacturing department is made the already famous u Hunsta- ble Boot," an article that is especially adapted to the Texas trade, and which is rapidly becoming popular with dealers all over the State, as a boot that sells rap- idly and gives entire satisfaction. Besides this brand of boot they manufacture other boots and shoes. The articles of their own manufacture are all made of the best material and are warranted to give satisfaction. They also carry a large stock TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 119 of gents', youths', ladies', misses' and children's fotowear, embracing the finest goods in the market, of which they make a specialty. Eight assistants find constant em- ployment in this establishment, being busily employed all the time in attending to the demands of the growing trade, which is gradually and surely assuming large proportions throughout the entire State. The gentlemen composing this company are men of affable and pleasant manners as well as of great business ability, and their business bids fair to rival, at no distant day, that of any similar institution jn the country. PRICE CHEANEY, D. D. S. DALLAS DENTAL PARLORS, 709 ELM STREET. Of all professions, none is of more importance or requires more skill than that of dentistry, and a well conducted dental parlor like the subject of this sketch, supplied with all the complete and perfect contrivances for the proper treatment of the teeth should be properly set forth in this work. Doctor Cheaney came here from Kentucky about four years ago, fully alive to the progress of the times, and has kept himself well posted with regard to the improvements of the profession. The treatment of the teeth in all their various forms is the study of this enter- prise and the facilities of the house to meet the most exacting in this line are com- plete. Dr. Cheaney, the proprietor, is a graduate of the oldest dental college in the world and makes a specialty of fine operations on the natural teeth. His opera- tions are second to those of no dentist in the South. The various work in dentistry in all its branches is conducted in the most perfect man- ner and in the most approved modern style. The doctor has made this his study and no work leaves his rooms without being carefully examined and meeting his approval, hence parties having work done here can rest assured of its being equal in every particular to any dental work done in this or other cities. It is enough to say, that to visit the establishment will be to satisfy every one of the competency of this enterprise to meet the demands that may be made upon it. B. M. BOND & BRO. GROCERIES AND CIGARS, 409 ELM STREET. As pursuing a very important branch of trade bearing upon the general pros- perity and commercial thrift of the community, the house of B. M. Bond & Bro. may not be overlooked in a publication whose special object will be attained in the proper display of the natural resources and acquired advantages of Dallas as a great center of commerce and of productive trade. These gentlemen came to this city from Passchristian, Miss., and started in business nine years ago, and such has been their enterprise and liberality in business that we feel warranted in saying that there is not to-day in the limits of the city an establishment which enjoys a greater degree of popularity. They occupy a room 30x80 feet in size, and located in the very heart of the business portion of the city, and they keep it well stocked with a full line of fine family groceries, such as coffees, teas, sugars, syrups, spices, jellies, preserves and canned goods of all kinds. They keep their room in good order, and their goods nicely arranged for show, and have altogether one of the most attractive grocery stores in the city. They also make a specialty of fine cigars, of which they carry a large assortment, embracing all the best brands both 120 DALLAS HER imported and domestic. Three assistants are kept busy attending to the wants of customers. The stock carried is valued at $8,000, and the trade of the house is an extensive one, reaching far past the city limits, and into the surrounding country. The business ol this establishment in all its departments is conducted upon prin- ciples of pure mercantile integrity, and it is on these merits that the credit, reputa- tion and confidence of the house rests. The Messrs. Bond are as well-known and as highly appreciated for their personal worth as they are for their business capa- city and probity, and we recommend them to our readers as worthy their fullest confidence and patronage. NOLAND & McROSKY HARDWARE COMPANY Nos. 834 AND 836 ELM STREET, 833 AND 835 MAIN STREET. In writing a review of the business interests and commercial industries of Dal- las, there is no branch of trade which presents more striking characteristics than that of the dealer in hardware, iron, stoves, tinware, etc. Of the establishments in this city, dealing in this class of goods, the Noland & McRosky Hardware Company occupies the front rank. This is an incorporated company, having been chartered and doing busi- ness under the general corporation laws of the State of Texas. Its officers are B. M. McRosky, President; J. H. Henry, Vice-President; S. S. Kirk, Secretary; and A. F. Kirkpatrick, Treas- urer, and their capital stock is $100,000. This company occupies spacious rooms, fronting on both Elm and Main streets, and covering an area of 50x200 feet, and have both stories well fdled with a full line of heavy and shelf hardware, embracing the finest brands of cutlery in the market, stoves and tinware. Their stock of stoves includes many of the finest and most popular cooking and heating stoves manufactured. Connected with their sales-room is a tin-shop, in which is manufactured every kind of article made of tin and sheet iron, the shop being in charge of the most skillful and experienced workmen. The value of their stock is from $85,000 to $100,000, and fifteen assistants are kept busily employed in attending to the demands of their extensive trade, which extends throughout the whole of Eastern and Western Texas. Although this company has only been doing business here three years, yet its operations have been characterized by such activity, energy and business enterprise, that it has made a reputation for itself in business circles that is at once its pride and the envy of all rival establishments. Buying, as this company does, in large quantities, it gets the advantage of every inducement offered to large purchasers, and having every facility for handling goods cheaply, they are enabled to sell at prices which defy competition. This establishment is centrally located, fronting on two of the principal streets. An examination of goods and prices will convince any of our readers that we have done this company but simple justice. This is one of the most worthy institu- tions of which mention is made in these pages, and fully merits the hearty sup- TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 121 port and patronage of the public. The gentlemen at the head of this company are well known to the public, and need no laudation at our hands; their business career in Dallas, though short, has been highly successful, and has gained them an honored name and a business commensurate with the many advantages and in- ducements which they offer to their patrons. OLIVER BROTHERS SHIRT MAKERS, 727 MAIN STREET. Holding a prominent place among the manufacturing establishments of the city are the Oliver Brothers, shirt makers, at 727 Main street. These gentlemen have only been in business here eighteen months, but in that time they have made such rapid strides in the march of progress, that they have outstripped slower rivals, and now stand first of their kind in Dallas. Three male and six female assistants are employed, and the work turned out is of the very best quality. The Messrs. Oliver give the work their close personal attention, and being practical men, they know good work when they see it, and will accept no other kind. The ma- terial used is the best the market affords, and all kinds of shirts are made to order, from the coarsest to the finest, and a perfect fit guaranteed in every case. They have a good location, and the building they occupy is a two-story brick, covering an area of 20x80 feet. It is well arranged for their business, and the stock in it is as well kept and as artistically arranged as that of any house in the city. Their trade is large and growing, and is not confined to the city, but extends far into the surrounding country. A laundry connected with the establishment does up linen in the best style. Our readers will find any dealings which they may have with this house both pleasant and profitable. MAYER'S ESTABLISHMENT RESTAURANT AND SALOON, WITH FURNISHED ROOMS ATTACHED, 931 AND 933 ELM STREET. Surely the class of citizens who deserve most at the hands of their fellows are those who spend their lives in catering to the human taste and in furnishing food and nourishment. Of these there are two great classes, i. e., those who cater to the appetite of the body, and those who cater to the appetite of the mind. The restaurateur may be taken as the exponent of the first class. He makes a study of the cravings and the necessities of the stomach, that organ which is the seat of human action, and the birth-place of a large majority of the ills " that flesh is heir to." The chief apostle of the second is the man who spends his time in devising food for the mental organs, something that will draw the mind away from business cares and give it at the same time rest and nourishment. Each .of these, we say, deserves the heartfelt gratitude of his fellowmen. But when we find the two com- bined in one, the words of anyone person fail to express the encomiums his merits deserve, and the whole world should " rise up and call him blessed." Dallas is the happy possessor of a man in whom both these qualities combine. That man is Mr. S. Mayer, and his establishment is at 931 and 933 Elm street. Mr. Mayer has here a magnificent brick building, covering an area of 50x80 feet, three stories high, with a large summer garden attached. In his bar can be found anything in the way of drink that man can possibly want; in the restaurant department all the 122 DALLAS HER solids and substantiate as well as all the delicacies and viands that the market af- fords are served to order, and cooked in the highest style of the cuisine art, while the garden is surrounded by cages containing many rare and curious birds and ani- mals. In the garden is also an aquarium where different kinds of fish, reptiles and water fowl disport themselves the whole day. The garden is also furnished with a stage, upon which the popular ballads and the latest minstrelsy is furnished during the warm evenings to cheer the crowds who visit the garden to rest and enjoy a cool glass of beer. Mr. Mayer has been in the restaurant business for ten years and his customers say he understands it. Beside the edibles, drinkable^ and amusement furnished, the upper part of Mr. Mayer's building is divided into sleeping apart- ments, which are nicely furnished, and where the weary human frame can find "sweet repose" after the "heat and battle of the day." Mr. Mayer gives his busi- ness his close personal attention, and deserves the popularity and success which he has achieved. Our readers visiting Dallas should not fail to visit Mr. Mayer's establishment. EMILE DUCOURT UPHOLSTERER, MANUFACTURER OF MATTRESSES AND BED- DING, 727 ELM STREET. Among the many manufacturing establishments which add to the wealth of Dallas and the prosperity of her citizens, the house of Emile Ducourt is entitled to a place in the front rank. His is a work that adds greatly to the beauty and charm of a house, and to the ease and comfort of its inmates. He manufactures and keeps on hand for sale a large stock of mattresses, bedding, etc., made after 'the most improved modern designs and of the best material. He makes a specialty of fine upholstery, and being a practical workman himself, he not only knows how work should be done, but he superintends every department of his business him- self, to see that those in his employ slight no piece or part of their work. The building occupied by Mr. Ducourt is a handsome stone structure, large and roomy, and his sales reach the amount of $15,000 per annum. His business is a large and growing one, reaching out past the limits of the city and embracing the surround- ing country. Mr. Ducourt is a native of France, where he was born February 8. 1848. He has been in business in this city for nine years, and his success is owing to pluck, energy and business enterprise, which he possesses to a remarkable degree, and to honesty and upright dealing which make him worthy all the success he has or can achieve. PLOEGER & HOPPE DEALERS IN STAPLE AND FANCY GROCERIES, CORNER ELM AND PRESTON STREETS. This is one of the nicest and best kept grocery stores in the city, as well as one of the most popular. The stock carried consists of staple and fancy groceries, flour, meats, sugars, teas, coffees, syrups, spices, dried and canned goods, candies, etc., embracing some of the finest brands of articles for home and table use known to the market. The large s^les made by this firm necessitate the frequent receipt of new supplies, and the stock is thereby kept replenished with fresh goods at all times. The building occupied is a two-story brick, well located for both city and TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 123 country trade, and their room covers an area of 35x60 feet. Their trade is large, aggregating $30,000 annually, and is rapidly increasing. The personnel of the firm is composed of Max Ploeger & Paul Hoppe, both men of experience and ability in business, and of great energy, activity and enterprise. They are firm believers in the progressive maxim of "quick sales and small profits," and the low prices at which they offer their goods are well calculated to recommend their estab- lishment to the patronage of a discriminating public. They are polite and atten- tive in waiting on their patrons, a quality that adds in no small degree to their popularity. This house is cheerfully recommended to our readers as one in every way worthy their support. LEEPER BROTHERS LIVERY, FEED AND SALE STABLES, Nos. 941 AND 943 ELM STREET. No city in the country has better livery accommodations than Dallas, and nowhere are the people more appreciative of them or more liberal of their patron- age than here. Among the many popular and reliable livery establishments of the city none occupies a more conspicuous position than that of the Leeper Bros. These gentlemen have lately started business, and the entire outfit is entirely new and first- class, presenting a fine appearance. Lately they have erected a new brick building, at Nos. 941 and 943 Elm street, which they now occupy. This building was constructed for use as a livery stable, and is, therefore, a model of its kind, having all the equipments, facilities and conveniences possible for the handling of stock. Messrs. Leeper keep some of the finest horses in the city, both for driving and for use under the saddle, and the excellent care which they take of them, and the discriminating judgment which they exercise in regard to hiring them out, enable them to keep their stock in first class condition. Their harness and vehicles are new and handsome, and always kept in the best order, and we are safe in say- ing that nowhere in the city can better buggies, carriages and hacks be obtained. A boarding department is one of the features of this stable, in which horses are kept by the day, week or month, receiving the best attention and for the lowest prices. They also have a sales department, receiving stock for sale at all times, and insuring in every case the higheet market price. It gives us pleasure to recommend this estab- lishment to our readers. McENNIS & CO. FLOUR AND WOOLEN MILL AGENTS, GRAIN DEALERS AND COM- MISSION MERCHANTS, No. 204 COMMERCE STREET. Among the best known and most substantial firms of Dallas we must undoubt- edly enumerate the .one whose name heads this sketch. Established in 1879, by the energy and ability of its members it has already attained a position second to none and equaled by but few. The firm occupy several commodious stores and grain warehouses which are fitted out with every convenience for the rapid and successful conduct of their business, and their trade, which extends all over Texas 124 DALLAS HER and into Louisiana and Arkansas, reaches a large and rapidly increasing annual sum total. Messrs. McEnnis & Co. handle the flour of the celebrated Carthage City Mills, of Carthage, Mo. ; Globe Mills, of Carthage, Mo. ; the Galesburg Mills, of Galesburg, Mo., and others, and are agents for the Carthage City, Mo., Woolen Mills, which manufacture the celebrated doeskin jeans. The different brands of flour for which they are agents include the Hills Roller, Globe Roller, Ivory Patent, Cyclone, Summit, Aurora, Palisade and others, and are known as among the best offered for sale in the entire State. The long and varied experience and ample facilities of the firm enable them to offer inducements to purchasers such as few can duplicate. They also receive consignments of sugar and molasses direct from plantations, and with their thorough knowledge of the market, correspondents and traveling salesmen, can always obtain the very best prices for their consignors. They have superb advantages for handling grain, supply a large territory and are enabled to successfully compete in prices with all others. Messrs. T. F. and J. M. McEnnis, who compose the firm, are both natives of St. Louis, but have lived in Texas about ten years, and in Dallas four years, and have thoroughly identified themselves with the city and State of their adoption. Both gentlemen are well known in and out of business circles, and having a large acquaintance with ship- pers at country points in Northern Texas, are prepared to fill all orders for grain promptly and satisfactorily. Mr. T. F. McEnnis holds the position of President of the Merchants' Exchange, and is regarded as one of the most far-seeing and capable men in Dallas. Mr. J. M. McEnnis, his son, is also well known and respected. With their present facilities there is practically no limit to the future success of this enterprising firm. LARMOUR & McCOMBS ARCHITECTS AND CIVIL ENGINEERS, 711 ELM STREET. In writing a history such as this it gives us pleasure to mention those men whose occupations and enterprises add to the beauty of the city as well as its ma- terial interests. And of these there are no more conspicuous examples than those who make a profession of architecture, studying the art of erecting buildings in such a way as to combine in their construction beauty, convenience, durability and cheapness. Among the architects doing business in this thrifty and growing city the firm of Larmour & McCombs occupy a prominent place. Mr. J. Larmour, the senior member of the firm, is a gentleman of great experience in his profession, having been for many years State Architect, during which time he made the plans and superintended the construction of many of the public buildings of this State, conspicuous among them being the new penitentiary building at Huntsville, the courthouse at Austin and the Agricultural and Mechanical College at Bryan. He is a native of New York, but has resided in Texas for many years, and is known all over its wide area as a man of ability in his profession, and of courteous and affable manner in his private relations. Mr. Paul McCombs, the junior member, is a native of Dallas, and a young man of rare ability in his profession. These gen- tlemen have been doing business together since 1883, and have designed many of the handsomest buildings which have been erected in this city since that time. TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 125 This firm will, upon application, furnish plans and designs for any and all kinds of public and private buildings, stores and dwellings; county or city bridges, of wood, iron or combination truss, brick or stone arches; large span roofs; ditches and canals for irrigation. They also do civil engineers' and surveyors' work of all kinds, furnishing maps, plats, etc. They also give, when desired, their personal superintendence to the construction of buildings. They do all the work in their line in the highest style of architectural art, and having made it the study of their lives and understanding it thoroughly in all its details, persons who desire plans and designs for erecting buildings, and other structures, should not fail to give this firm a call. They will not only find the work of the firm satisfactory in every par- ticular, but they will also receive the most polite and considerate treatment at the hands of its individual members. W. T. HANCOCK DEALER IN STAPLE AND FANCY GROCERIES, 932 ELM STREET. At the above location will be found W. T. Hancock, who has long been known as one of the leading grocers and produce dealers in the city. He occupies a building 25x50 feet in size, centrally located, and well suited to his line of business. He carries a large stock of family groceries, embracing a fine line of articles for home and table use, teas, coffees, sugars, syrups, spices, canned goods, flour, meal, etc. He also keeps country produce of all kinds, butter, eggs, chickens, and all other articles for the trade in their proper season. Mr. Hancock is an experienced groceryman. having been in the business many years, and knows fully the wants of the trade. He, therefore, keeps the articles that his patrons want, and does not encumber his store with a large stock of unsaleable goods. His large trade neces- sitates the frequent replenishing of his stock, thus keeping his stock fresh and in good order. Two assistants are employed by Mr. Hancock, and are kept busy waiting on his numerous customers. Mr. Hancock is a gentleman of sound judg- ment and discretion, and conducts his business upon the most advanced principles of liberality and enterprise. He learns the wants of his patrons and then strives to meet them, thus being able to hold all customers whom he once gains. Persons desiring to purchase either staple or fancy groceries will find the best standard brands at Mr. Hancock's, all fresh and nice, and farmers bringing their produce to town will find here a market where they can get the highest ruling prices for first- class articles. To both these classes this house is recommended as worthy their confidence and patronage. C. D. KANADY MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN TINWARE, GENERAL HARDWARE AND BUILDERS' SUPPLIES, 1205 ELM STREET. In this day of general progress in commerce, manufacturing and the fine arts, the representative of any particular branch of trade must needs be ever on the alert or else he and his business will be left far in the rear of those industries whose proprietors, ever watchful of their interests, are taking advantage of this age of progress and keeping fully abreast of the times' advance. Marching in the front line of the progressive line of industries is the stove and tinware trade, and its representatives having made many improvements in their line during the last 126 DALLAS HER decade, are still forging ahead, battling with brave hearts and willing hands to hold the position they have achieved, and to make gains, if possible. Prominent among the enterprising houses in this city interested in this progressive line of business is that of C. D. Kanady, 1205 Elm street. Mr. Kanady carries a fine stock of stoves, hardware and building supplies, and makes to order in the best style and of the best materials all kinds of tin and sheetiron ware. He makes a specialty of cor- nice work and roofing, for doing which he has all the latest and most approved machinery, and employs the best mechanics he can procure. The building occu- pied is a two-story brick structure, 25x70 feet in area, centrally located and con- veniently fitted up, and the goods are handsomely displayed. Mr. Kanady is an old citizen of Dallas, having been here since it started, and to the people among whom he has so long lived and done business needs no word of introduction or recommendation from us. They know him to be honest, enterprising, and indus- trious, a skillful workman, and one who, slighting no work himself, will allow none of his employes to slight it. During the eighteen months he has been in business here the people in the city and in the surrounding country have shown their appre- ciation of his merits by patronizing him liberally, and if the business he now has increases, the indications are at present that it will increase, it will be but a short time until the establishment of Mr. Kanady is second in importance to none in Dallas. SINKER, DAVIS & CO. CORNER MARKET STREET AND PACIFIC AVENUE; JOHN S. HETHERINGTON, MANAGER; MANUFACTURERS OF ENGINES, BOILERS, STEAM PUMPS, SAW MILLS, SAWS, HEAD BLOCKS, SHAFTING, PULLEYS, COUPLINGS, BOXES, CORN AND WHEAT MILLS. Foremost among the houses in this city dealing in milling machinery is the branch establishment of Sinker, Davis & Co., corner Market street and Pacific ave- nue. The manufacturing establishment of this well-known firm is located at Indianapolis, Indiana, where two hundred men find employment in their immense factory. They manufacture engines, boilers, steam pumps, saw mills, head blocks, shafting, pulleys, couplings, boxes, corn and wheat mills. They make the famous band-saw mills complete, the best known machine for sawing large or valuable timber, the saw kerf being but one-eighth of :m inch, thus saving one thousand feet of lumber in every five thousand feet sawed. This firm make these mills with a solid iron column for the pulleys to work upon, thus making it much more substantial and lasting than the old style wooden column. They make a specialty of building flouring mills, which they make of all sizes, furnished complete and ready for grinding, and have practical mill- wrights to put in the machinery. The branch TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 127 house in Dallas was established in 1880 and is under the management of Mr. John S. Hetherington, a member of the company, and a gentleman who understands the business thoroughly in every department. The building occupied at the present time is but a temporary one, the one formerly used having been destroyed by fire. It is located at the corner of Market street and Pacific avenue, on the Texas Pacific R. R., is 100 feet square, and well fitted up for the convenient handling of heavy machinery. The business of this branch of the estab- lishment extends all over Texas and aggregates $100,000 annually. This company's machinery is noted for speed, power and lasting qualities, be- ing all made of the best material, and every mill that they furnish or piece of machinery that they sell is war- ranted to give satisfaction in every particular. The branch house here sells all machinery at the lowest fig- ures, and those who patronize it will have all the advantages that they could obtain by dealing directly with the factory. To those who contemplate the erection of either saw mills or flouring mills, or the purchase of mill- ing machinery of any kind, this house is cordially recommended as one where they will not only be able to buy machinery at the lowest prices, but where they will also receive the kind- est and most courteous treatment at the hands of the manager and the em- ployes. McCULLOUGH & COFFMAN LIVERY STABLE, 953 AND 955 ELM STREET. Among the new establishments in the city which have recently opened their doors to the public and are bidding for patronage, is the livery stable of McCul- lough & Coffman, 953 and 955 Elm street. These gentlemen opened up on the first day of November, 1884, with an entirely new outfit, fresh horses, new buggies, new carriages, new hacks, new harness everything new and first-class. They 128 DALLAS HER occupy a good stand, in the central portion of the city, and have a building well adapted to their business, covering an area of 50x160 feet. These gentlemen have between $5,000 and $6,000 invested in their business, and have some of the hand- somest turnouts in the city, their two hacks being especially handsome. They will give the business their personal attention, and will endeavor to give satisfac- tion to all their customers. All they ask is a trial, confident that those who pat- ronize them once will stay with them. This establishment is recommended to the citizens of Dallas, who always stand ready to assist those just starting in business, as one of more than ordinary merit and deserving their kindest consideration. J. K. HA WES DEALER IN NEW AND SECOND-HAND FURNITURE, CROCKERY AND GLASSWARE, STOVES, ETC., 725 AND 727 ELM STREET. No establishment in the city meets a more pressing need, or meets it better than the establishment of Mr. Hawes. It occupies a two-story brick building, fifty feet wide by ninety feet in depth, and the stock carried is valued at $15,000, the annual sales amounting to $30,000. Mr. Hawes was born and raised in Coosa county, Ala., and has been in business in Dallas for six years. His trade extends not only to the city and county, but also throughout Northern Texas. He gives his personal supervision to his business, and fully merits the success which he is reaping. His stock is a large and varied one, and purchasers would all do well to give him a call, certain as they are of courteous and kind treatment, and of getting one hundred cents' worth of goods for every dollar expended. He buys many of his wares at forced sale, and is therefore able to sell them at prices that defy com- petition from those who deal only in goods bought in the regular course of trade. Furniture of all kinds he keeps; parlor sets, bedroom sets, dining room sets, and anything that may be needed in the way of household and domestic utensils will be found among his stock. Housekeepers cannot afford to miss seeing his stock and hearing his prices before purchasing elsewhere. PAUL F. ERB BOOKSELLER AND STATIONER; SCHOOL FURNITURE A SPECIALTY; 712 MAIN STREET. One of the most attractive and best arranged business houses of Dallas, is that of Mr. Paul F. Erb, whose name heads this arti^e. The building occupied is 25x40 feet in dimensions, three stories in height, and is fitted out with every Con- venience for the prompt and successful conduct of the business. The yearly sales, which reach a large arid increasing sum total, extend all over the city and to every town and village within a radius of 200 miles; and the superior quality of goods sold by Mr. Erb, and his prompt attention to all orders, will doubtless extend them much farther. Mr. Erb carries one of the most complete lines of books and stationery and school furniture to be found in Texas. His books include works of standard authors, English and American, school magazines, periodicals, etc.; and his stationery department is as fine as can be found in the State. He also carries a most elegant line of Christmas gifts: cards, albums, dressing cases, souvenirs, and numberless other articles in endless profusion. His specialty, however, is school TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 129 furniture, and his stock in this line cannot be excelled. Everything included in the term "school furniture" is kept here, and sold at prices which few can duplicate. Buying direct from the factories, and enjoying ample facilities, Mr. Erb- sells in direct competition with Northern and Eastern houses, and a glance at his price- list will substantiate our statement. Parties in this and adjoining States will find it to their advantage to call on or correspond with him. Mr. Erb is a native of Galveston, but established himself here in 1880, and has since then enjoyed a gratifying success in his business. All information asked is cheerfully given, and visitors to bis store are welcomed, whatever be their business. LEHMAN BOTTLING CO. MANUFACTURING DEALERS IN CRATED AND MINERAL WATERS, CIDER AND CHAMPAGNES, 1111 ELM STREET. This house occupies a conspicuous position among the establishments in the city dealing in those beverages " which cheer but not inebriate," and though it has been doing business but a short time, enjoys a large and growing patronage, extending over the entire State of Texas. The building occupied is a large and commodious one, located near the Union Depot, and fitted up with all the appli- ances for bottling drinks of every description. The stock carried is large, and consists of a full line of soda, sarsaparilla, ginger ale, mineral water, champagne cider, birch beer and English ginger beer. The mineral waters are manufactured by the firm and are pure and healthful; the other goods handled are of the best brands, and warranted to give satisfaction. Retail dealers, who handle " soft drinks " of any kind, will find this company a most advantageous one with which to deal, both as regards prices and the quality of the goods which they keep. Mr. W. E. Butler, who is at the head of the establishment, is an experienced busi- ness man, energetic and enterprising, and the trade of the house is rapidly increas- ing under his skillful direction. 8. B. HANWAY DEALER IN MARBLE, 1137 AND 1139 ELM STREET. Among those branches of business which partake partly of the character of a trade and partly of that of an art, none occupies a more conspicuous position than that of the marble cutter. Of the several establishments in this city which deal largely in marble, that of S. B. Han way, 1137 and 1139 Elm street, takes the acknowledged precedence. Mr. Hanway has been in business here six years, and during that time has established a reputation for thoroughly fine and artistic work, and for the general excellent quality of materials used, which is co-extensive with the State boundaries. He handles the finest marbles, granites, etc., and can furnish any kind of tombstones, monuments or other kind of article that is made of stone. Six men are employed at this establishment, embracing in their number some of the most skillful and artistic workmen in the country. Mr. Hanway makes a specialty of fine work, and some of the handsomest monuments that adorn the "silent cities of the dead" throughout the State are from his shop. He is a thorough business man himself, and will accept no work at the hands of his employes, but that which is well done. He has $10,000 invested in his business, and his annual sales aggregate a large amount. His location is a good one, and 130 DALLAS HER the building he occupies is well fitted for his work. He carries in stock some very handsome monuments and other work, besides which he will make to order, and by any design chosen, anything in his line that may be desired. His trade is not confined to Dallas, or to the country adjacent, but extends all over the State of Texas. Those desiring artistic work in his line will do well to give Mr. Hanway a call. He also deals in iron fencing for cemetery lots and residences and does as good work and at as low prices as can be afforded. Full information can be obtained by writing Mr. Hanway who has a full line of designs to exhibit. F. AUSTIN DEALER IN DIAMONDS, CLOCKS, WATCHES AND JEWELRV, No. 612 MAIN STREET.* Of the jewelers and watchmakers of Dallas, there is no establishment which bears a higher character ,among the people of the city for honest, fair dealing and first-class workmanship, than that of F. Austin, 612 Main Street. Mr. Austin, who is a native of Philadelphia, and learned the watchmaker's business in that city, came to Dallas and opened up an establishment in 1870. Being a thorough skillful workman, his house soon became well known not only in the city, but throughout the adjoining country for the excellence of the work turned out. Mr. Austin employs assistants who are first-class workmen, and every piece of work that leaves his shop, is warranted to give satisfaction. Mr. Austin also carries a handsome line of watches, clocks, diamonds, silverware and jewelry, which he sells at the lowest figures. The room occupied by his establishment is 12x80 feet in area, and is located in the central business portion of the city. The stock car- ried is valued at $12,000, and the business transacted by the house aggregates $20,- 000 annually. Those who have watches or clocks which they wish to have repaired will find no house in this city or elsewhere at which they can have it done more satisfactorily. Marking and engraving are also done by Mr. Austin in the highest style of the art. This house is cordially recommended to our readers as one in which they will not only find every article sold to be exactly as represented but one also in which they will meet with the kindest and most courteous treat- ment at the hands of the proprietor and his assistants. THE DALLAS RUBBER STAMP AND STENCIL WORKS AND TEXAS ALMANAC JOB PRINTING HOUSE. Among the Dallas institutions that deserve special mention, is the Texas Rubber Stamp and Stencil Manufactory and Texas Almanac Job Printing House, under the conduct and management of W. N. Bryant. Rubber stamps and stencils are coming more and more into general use throughout the country, and as labor- savers they are gaining recognition in all well-regulated mercantile, professional and scientific institutions, where time and system are desideratums to progress, superseding the slower processes in the manifold uses to which they are adapted. Mr. Bryant, as manufacturers' agent of all the patent improved office and mercan- tile rubber stamp paraphernalia, has one of the most complete concerns of the kind to be found in the South, and which Dallas should be proud to foster and encourage. Among the many features of work prepared and to be found at this TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 131 establishment, may be mentioned seal presses for notaries and justices, secret and social organizations, cotton and shipping brands for merchants, saloon checks, barbers', milk and bakers' checks, railroad and hotel baggage checks, door checks, house numbers and door plates, self-inking bank and office stamps and daters, steel stamps for marking on wood or iron, monograms, autographs, wood engraving, etc., etc., and in fact any and everything coming within the purview of a well- appointed stamp and stencil works. The Texas Almanac Job Printing Office con- tains all new material, and any and every kind of mercantile job printing is turned out in good shape, promptly, and at prices gauged with reference to the hard times and scarcity of money; so says Bryant. Remember, "the proof of the pudding," etc., and give him a trial. DR. 0. B. HEWETT DENTIST. AWKJT| $jQX**Q BahCTOft LlbfWy Dr. 0. B. Hewett, dentist, has resided and practiced in Dallas little over one and a half years, and in that short time has attained a celebrity wholly without precedent in the previous history of the city. Owing to ill health in his family, he was compelled to leave a very large and successful practice of nearly twenty years standing in Chicago, and seek a warmer clime. Coming with the very highest testimonials, both as to his skill and integrity, he entered at once a large and lucrative practice, which has steadily increased each day since, until he now has the largest patronage of any dentist in Texas, and undoubtedly the largest in the South, numbering among his patients all the elite and wealthy citizens of Dallas and the surrounding towns, and working constantly and steadily, is wholly un- able to meet the constant demands on his time and skill. Nor need we wonder, when it is admitted by all that his skill in restoring aching, diseased and badly de- cayed teeth is truly phenomenal. Those who see the elegance and artistic beauty of his work will be satisfied with no other. In durability, beauty of contour and finish, his gold fillings are equaled by only a very few of the celebrated dentists of Chicago, New York and Boston. His wife, also a practical dentist, as well as a highly educated, accomplished and refined woman, works constantly b} r his side. They have fitted up a suite of rooms in most elegant style, so their office has the air of a comfortable and beautiful home, which it really is, where refined ladies and delicate children may come and receive most courteous attention, as well as the services of one of the most highly skillful dentists of the age. We predict he will be ere many years THE dentist of the South, as he now is of Dallas. J. E. FLANDERS ARCHITECT, 709 MAIN STREET; CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. Among the architects of Dallas, whose taste and skill have added so much to the architectural beauty of the city, the gentleman whose name heads this article holds a conspicuous place. Mr. Flanders is a man who is thoroughly learned in his profession, having studied it both as a science and as an art, and those who con- template building will do well to obtain the benefit of his skill and judgment. He 132 DALLAS HER furnishes designs, plans and specifications for business houses, public buildings and private dwellings, giving his personal supervision, when desired, to their con- struction, and guaranteeing satisfaction in every case. He has acquired a high reputation throughout the city and surrounding country, and many of the hand- somest buildings in and around Dallas have been designed and constructed by him, and silently attest his skill and proficiency. Among these are the following: Merchants' Exchange building, J. E. Schneider, residence, A. Davis, residence, F. Collier, residence, Geo. Atkins, residence, W. H. Flippen, residence, Flippen, Adoue & Lobit's Bank, Dallas National Bank, Schneider & Davis, building, and others. Of the numerous buildings designed and constructed by Mr. Flanders in the State may be mentioned the Shackleford County Courthouse, Eastland County Court- house, Stephens County Courthouse, Baylor County Courthouse, Rock wall County Courthouse, Dallas County Courthouse, Kaufman County Jail, Ellis County Record Building, Dallas County Record Building, and others. Mr. Flanders is active and energetic in business, polite and courteous in manner, and those who have dealings with him will receive at his hands the most polite and considerate treatment. DOUGLAS & DANOVER REAL ESTATE AGENTS, 114 SYCAMORE STREET. Among the many firms pursuing this important branch of business, none en- joys a greater reputation for energy, enterprise and promptness in attending to business than Messrs. Douglas & Danover. They do a general real estate business, dealing in city and county property, farms, ranches and timber lands, and have on hand at all times some of the most desirable property in the market. They also act as agents for non-resident land-owners, paying taxes, collecting rents, and attending to their interests generally. They are thoroughly reliable and trustworthy, and any information which they may give is worthy the fullest confidence and belief. Persons desiring to sell or purchase real estate will do well to correspond with these gentlemen, giving a full statement of their wants. J. L. WILLIAMS & CO. DRUGGISTS; MANUFACTURERS OF TEXAS TOLU CHEWING GUM, AND DEALERS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC STOCK, 409 MAIN STREET. In order to give a full and complete statistical account of the industries of Dallas such as this volume is intended to afford, it is necessary to include all the industrial arts and professions as well as the commercial and manufacturing interests of the city, and there can be no question as to the validity of the claim of the profession of pharmacy to be specially represented in this work. The pro- fession of the druggist is one that operates effectively in time of need in arresting and alleviating the most acute pains and other ailments of the human body. The firm heading this sketch is one of the oldest in the city, having been established about 1868. Their store is 25x80 feet, two stories high, and contains one of the most complete and varied stocks of pure drugs, chemicals, patent medicines, toilet articles, and a general stock of those goods usually carried in a well-kept drug store. A specialty of the house is photographic supplies, where the art galleries of the State can order just what they need, and find first-class supplies to meet their wants. They also manufacture the celebrated Texas Tolu Chewing Gum, that has TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 133 become so popular throughout the State. Great care is taken in compounding carefully all prescriptions left with them. For honorable and fair transactions the house is second to none in the State, and their increasing trade is due largely to the liberality shown to the patrons of the house. We are glad to give space in our work to so progressive and prominent an industry, that our readers may make their business acquaintance when visiting Dallas. Messrs. J. L. Williams and S. L. May compose the firm, both well known throughout the city and fully conver- sant with their line of business. JOS. GLUCK DEALER IN IMPORTED AND DOMESTIC CIGARS, CHEWING TOBACCO, CIGARETTES AND SMOKERS' ARTICLES, 719 ELM STREET. Nowhere in the world is a man of ambition, thrift and business ability able to achieve success in a shorter length of time than right here in Dallas. It is but a just compliment to the people of this city to say that they are swift to recognize and quick to reward merit, and if a man is honest and diligent he is sure of speedy success. Among the houses in this city which have achieved a reputation and es- tablished a good business in a short time, none occupies a higher position than the establishment of Mr. J. Gluck, 719 Elm street. Mr. Gluck came here from New York and started in business about a year ago, and by strict attention to business, a proper appreciation of the wants of his customers and a determination to gratify those wants, he has established a trade of which a much older concern might well be proud. He carries a full line of the choicest brands of cigars, both foreign and domestic, chewing and smoking tobaccos, embracing the leading staple articles, and he has every make of cigarette known to the trade. His specialty is smokers' articles, and he has a large and complete assortment of pipes, cigar holders, cigar- ette holders, cigar cases, match boxes everything in fact that the most critical lover of " the weed " could desire. He occupies a large room, covering an area of 25x72 feet, and he has in it a stock valued at $3,000. He has a large city and country trade and his business is rapidly and steadily increasing, but he will not and cannot meet with success sufficient to outweigh his merits. As a manufac- turer he is able to compete in prices, and his cigars being his own make, he can assure his patrons that they will prove as represented. Any orders by mail will receive prompt attention and be carefully selected by himself. JAS. McKEAND DEALER IN HAY, CORN, OATS, BARLEY, BRAN, ETC., CORNER ELM AND PRESTON STREETS. Prominent among the different branches of commercial pursuits carried on in this city is that of the dealer in feed, grain, etc., and occupying a conspicuous place among the houses which deal in this line of goods is the well known estab- lishment of Jas. McKeand, corner Elm and Preston streets. Mr. McKeand began business here seven years ago with very small capital, which he has, by energetic and active devotion to business, gradually increased, until now he is able to carry as large a stock as the demands of the market require. His place of business is at the corner of Elm and Preston streets, where he occupies a building which covers an area of 25x100 feet. He also has a wareroom on Harwood and Eakins 134 DALLAS HER streets, 25x40 feet in size, where he keeps grain stored until he wants to use it. He keeps constantly on hand a large stock of hay, corn, oats, barley, bran and all kinds of feed, which he sells at the lowest market price. He has a large trade in the city, which is constantly being augmented by the patronage of new customers. drawn to his establishment by its reputation for honesty and square dealing. Mr. McKeand conducts his business on principles of the most rigid honor and business integrity, and to this, together with his popular manners and affable address, does he owe his success. Those who once come into contact with him in business never leave him, and a customer once gained is always held. This house is entirely worthy the confidence and support of the general public. A. W. FOX MANUFACTURER OF CANDY, AT No. 212 MARKET STREET; SALESROOM, No. 411 MAIN STREET. This is one of the prominent enterprises of Dallas which has been in success- ful operation for seven years. With an experience of over forty years, the proprietor has a thorough knowledge of the business, and has perfected the estab- lishment in the production of pure and first-class confectionery, which is guaranteed to be made from pure sugars and strictly pure fruit extracts as flavor- ings, avoiding all of the adulterations so often used in the manufacture of these goods. The facilities are first-class in every particular, and the capital employed is ample to give advantages in the purchase of material. Buying for cash and selling goods only at a slight advance on cost of production, has increased their trade, which now reaches not only over our own State, but outside also. We can assure the readers of the business history of Dallas, that when they form business relations with the Fox Candy Factory of Dallas, they are consulting their own interests and making the acquaintance of a firm whose business transactions have ever been marked- by high and honorable commercial integrity. Liberality to their patrons is yearly extending their trade and making permanent customers. CUTTER & CO. GENERAL AGENTS FOR TEXAS FOR THE MISSOURI STEAM WASHER 113 SYCAMORE STREET. In no department of industry has there been more marked progress during the last decade than in the invention and manufacture of improved labor-saving ma- chinery. Much time and much labor, together with a great deal of money, have been expended in the attempt to invent some kind of machine that would wash clothes satisfactorily, and that would remove the horror of that bete noir of every poor house- wife's life wash day. Many machines have been made, each possessing a greater or less de- gree of merit, but each had some fault, and none gave entire satisfaction until the " Mis- souri Steam Washer " was invented and made, when all who saw it work recognized the fact that the acme of perfection had been reached, and that inventive force need be ex- pended no more in this direction. Following are some of the reasons why this TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 135 machine takes precedence overall others: 1. It will do an ordinary washing in an hour that it would require a day to accomplish by hand, or other so called wash- ing machines. 2. It is so easily operated that a child of ten years can do the washing. 3. It washes, steams and bleaches the finest laces, cambrics and embroid- eries; also the heaviest blankets, quilts and spreads without injury. 4. It saves labor, time, soap, clothes, mending, and last, but not least, health and life. 5. It will positively clean the clothes without rubbing, and the clothes will last much longer when washed on this machine. Such confidence have these gentlemen in the merits of their machine, that if anyone living in the city or country who desires to buy a washing machine will call at their office, or write them a card, giving his address, they will send a machine to his house and let it be thoroughly tested. If he does not like it after a fair and impartial trial they will take it back at their own cost. Messrs. Cutter & Co. are gentlemen of energy and snap, and just the right kind of men to push an enterprise of this kind. The personnel of the firm is composed of Charles Cutter, Geo. L. Leachman and T. J. Shuck, all gentlemen of enterprise and ability. They are establishing agencies all over the State, and seem determined that our people shall at least have an opportunity of securing the best washing-machine made. They are also agents for the celebrated No. 99 Improved Wringer. They want an agent in every county in Texas. GEORGE RICK MANUFACTURER AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN ALL KINDS OF FURNITURE, 747 AND 749 ELM STREET. It is the manufacturing establishments of a city that mark its real wealth and prosperity. Pick up almost any manufactured article and compare its cost with that of the raw material of which it is made, and you will find that a large per cent, of the cost of the article goes to pay for the labor of making it. It is paid to the artisan and the mechanic of the city in which the article was manufactured, and is spent among the merchants of that city, adding to its wealth and prosperity, instead of going to help build up a rival. Manufacturing establishments should, therefore, above all others, be encouraged and upheld. Among the manufacturers of this city, Mr. George Rick occupies a prominent place, and is worthy of the support of all her citizens, not only in a general way, because all manufacturers should be supported, but also for the special reason that the furniture of his make is all of the best quality and most approved pattern. He occupies a large two- story brick building, fronting fifty feet on Elm street and running back one hun- dred and eighty feet, and he carrj.es in it a stock of furniture valued from $20,000 to $35,000, which he sells at prices to suit the times. Mr. Rick has been in business here ten years, and has established a well-merited reputation for honesty, integrity and upright dealing. He also carries in stock bed-room sets, parlor suits, baby carriages, mirrors, and a full and complete line of all goods usually found in a well-ordered and first-class furniture store, and our readers from abroad who visit Dallas will find as liberal treatment and as good a stock to select from as can be found elsewhere. 136 DALLAS HER A. E. BOUCHE DEALER IN STAPLE AND FANCY GROCERIES, FRUIT, PRODUCE, ETC., 828 MAIN STREET. There is no better illustration of what a man without capital to start with can accomplish, if he but have the necessary industry and application to business, than can be found in the grocery house of A. E. Bouche, 828 Main street. In 1884, Mr. Bouche set up a little grocery establishment, in which he had stock to the amount of $150. By his enterprise, industry and a careful husbanding of his resources, he has gradually built up his stock and his trade from that small begin- ning to one of the best equipped and most liberally patronized retail grocery houses in the city. The building occupied by this establishment is well located, in the central part of the city, and covers an area of 25x80 feet. The stock carried embraces coffees, teas, sugars, syrups, spices, canned goods, fruits of all kinds, country produce, etc. There is no store in the city at which the housekeeper can buy more choice groceries for table use than at Mr. Bouche's, for he makes a specialty of carrying the best in his line. Country merchants and farmers, bring- ing their produce to the city, will always find at this house ready sale and the highest prices for first-class articles. Mr. Bouche is a native of Louisiana, and besides being energetic, enterprising and progressive in business, he is also genial, pleasant and courteous in his personal walk and conversation. The success he enjoys he has merited, and his house is cheerfully recommended as one in every way worthy the largest patronage and greatest success which it is possible for it to attain. CHARLES A. MEYER DEALER IN STAPLE AND FANCY GROCERIES, 947 ELM STREET. Of the retail grocers in this city there is no establishment which stands higher in the estimation of the public than that of Charles A. Meyer, 947 Elm street. Mr. Meyer began business here two years ago, and has since that time, by his enterprise and his determination to keep the kind of goods that the people want, gained a large and lucrative trade. He keeps a full assortment of the best brands of teas, coffees, sugars, syrups, spices, canned goods, and in fact, everything in the grocery line, staple and fancy. His large sales make it necessary for him to replenish his stock frequently, so that the goods he has are always fresh and desirable. Those who desire the best goods the market affords for home and table use will find the estab- lishment of Mr. Meyer a desirable one with which to deal. Mr. Meyer has a good location in the main business part of the city, and occupies a two-story building, covering an area of 25x50 feet, well arranged for his business, and he keeps his stock in nice order and good condition. He is a thorough business man, under- standing the grocery trade "from the ground up," and is, therefore, fully acquainted with the kind and quality of goods that his customers want. His experience teaches him how to buy to the best advantage, and his progressive enterprise causes him to sell cheap. He has a free delivery, and every article purchased at his store is sent to any part of the city without charge. He has a large and grow- ing trade in this city, and one which his abilities fully deserve. TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 137 LAND & THOMPSON REAL ESTATE AND LAND AGENCY, FOR THE SALE, PUR- CHASE, EXCHANGE AND LEASE OF IMPROVED AND UNIMPROVED PROPERTY; ALSO FIRE INSURANCE AGENTS; DALLAS, TEXAS. The importance of the commission agent in the business affairs of this life is thoroughly understood by every intelligent, wide-awake man of the nineteenth century. No other medium is so capable for establishing the most intimate rela- tions between the seller and buyer, no matter how utter strangers all parties may be, or how widely separated by distance, and no other medium labors so assidu- ously to promote their respective interests by confering upon either party alike special advantages and otherwise unattainable benefits. He is the mutual friend and adviser, or go-between, -that may be relied upon implicitly, and in no branch of business has his services been sought to a greater extent, and with more grati- fying results, than in matters pertaining to real estate. The firm of Land & Thompson, Dallas, Texas, are one of the many engaged in this occupation that can be commended to the public at large as eminently qualified and thoroughly reliable, having been closely connected with the business for the past twenty years. Their experience, comprehensive knowledge of the real estate and land business in every detail, and extensive facilities for safely conducting it in all its various branches, together with their wide acquaintance with capitalists, large land operators, manu- facturers, and others interested in land properties, gives them very decided advan- tages over the majority of Texas land agents, and enables the firm to guarantee the most perfect satisfaction in the transacting of all business entrusted to their charge. They buy, sell, exchange, lease and rent farms, ranches and improved and unim- proved lands of all descriptions. They pay taxes on property, and keep up im- provements and insurance policies. They make a specialty of looking after non- resident property owners' interests with the same watchful care they exercise over their own property, and invite correspondence from either holders of Texas prop- erty at home or abroad on the subject of this department of their business. They are also prepared to locate scrip on choice lands, perfect titles, value lands, make divisions of property, make loans on choice farms or valuable lands of any descrip- tion, and make investments for capitalists. In their department devoted to city business they give the same careful and experienced attention to the buying and selling or exchange of real estate, renting and collection of rents, keeping property in repair, insuring, paying of taxes, and the general care of estates belonging to residents or non-residents. The firm also places fire risks upon all classes of port- able property and improved real estate in the staunchest insurance companies in the country. In this connection they are prepared to represent any fire insurance company of merit that desires to enter the State of Texas, and will entertain pro- posals from corporations to that end. The firm make a leading specialty of hand- ling lands suitable for agricultural and stock purposes, and invite the particular attention of stockmen and farmers to their extensive facilities and superior induce- ments. They control over One Million Acres of the finest farming and grazing lands in the State, and which they are now placing on the market, to be sold at unusu- ally low rates to actual settlers. Messrs. Land and Thompson are capable, energetic 138 DALLAS HER TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. business men, of firm integrity, sound judgment, and conservative management, possessed of unquestionable executive ability and financial talents of a high order, who are liberally endorsed by the best citizens of Texas and the South, as well as of the Western and Eastern cities. Enterprising, skillful operators, keeping fully abreast with the progressive age, and possessing a complete knowledge of the mag- nificent resources of Texas for agriculture, stock-raising, mining, manufactures, commerce and capital, and moreover laboring with a keen interest in the develop- ment of that grand destiny which every penetrative mind recognizes as its future position of the State, the firm of Land & Thompson commends itself to the public as one from whom the most liberal treatment may be expected, and who may be relied upon to the fullest extent for the judicious handling of all interests placed in their charge, and with the highest possible advantages to their patrons. CHICAGO OR MILWAUKEE -LTO]- Menasha, Neenah, Appleton, Depere, GREEN BAY, FT. HOWARD, R.I3STDBTTE3, T7s7"IS., a,n.d. IL^EIrTOIxxI3iTEE, IMI IS VIA THE C., M. & ST. PAUL R'Y FROM CHICAGO, AND THE MILWAUKEE & NORTHERN R. R. MILWAUKEE All Trains Arrive at and Depart from Union Depots. "THE APOSTLE ISLANDS AND LAKE SUPERIOR," A handsome and valuable book, for Tourists, describing and illustrating the counrtry around Lake Superior of which so much has been written and said during the last few years. ASHLAND, LAKE SUPERIOR, Where it is, and how to get there. The great "Hotel Chequamegon," the largest Summer Hotel in the country. The Wisconsin Central Line "The Route" for Tourists. A THROUGH PALACE SLEEPER FROffl CHICAGO TO LAKE SUPERIOR. Send for a copy of the above mentioned book, which is sent free of charge to any address. P. N. PINNEY, Gen'l Manager. JAS. BARKER, Gen'l Pass. Agt. MILWAUKEE, WIS. H. C. FULLER, Gen'l Agent, 55 Clark St., Chicago, 111. Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway * THROUGH TEXAS.*? Tbe only Solid Through Line between North Texas and the Gulf TRAVERSING NINETEEN COUNTIES. THE MOST FEETILE AHD PRODUCTIVE IN THE STATE, PRINCIPAL CITIES AND TOWNS ARE: Galveston, Houston, Richmond, Rosenberg, Brenham, Somerville, Navasota, Montgomery, Caldwell, Milano, Temple, Belton, Lampasas S, McGregor, Meridan, Clebnrne, Alvarado, Fort Worth, Dallas, The Eldorado i Farmer! The Elysium i Stockman! THE PARADISE OF THE IMMIGRANT ! Direct Connection with all Trunk Lines and Water Routes. SUPERIOR ADVANTAGES FOR HANDLIN6 PASSENGERS OR FREIGHT. TO Through Tickets, Through Baggage Checks, Through Bills of Lading, to and from all points. WEBSTER SNYDER, General Manager. OSCAR G. MURRAY, Gen'l FrelRht and Pass. .Agt, COTTON BELT ROUTE. TEXAS AND ST. LOUIS R'Y THE NB.W THROUGH LINE! FROM ARKANSAS4ND*TEXAS BY WAY OF CAIRO TO ST. LOUIS AND CHICAGO, Connecting in Union Depots with Through Trains for all points in Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and all Points NORTH and EAST Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars, Pullman Parlor Cars and Elegant Day Coaches run through to St. Louis WITHOUT CHANGE. Only one change to Chicago, Memphis, Chattanooga, Atlanta, Louisville and Cin- cinnati. Don't buy a ticket to any point North or East until you have found out what you can get one for via the New Line. Specially good accommodations for all classes of travel. For maps, time tables, rates, etc., apply to any agent of the TEXAS & ST. Louis R'Y COMPANY, or to W. R. WOODARD, A. C. SHELDON, Receiver and Geri*l Manager. Oen'l Passenger Agent. 25 S, FOURTH ST., ST. LOUIS, MO. D. I. Osborne & Co., Manufacturers Harvesting Machinery, AUBURN, NEW YORK. T. iO Manager for Texas, Indian Territory, Mexico and New Mexico. COR. MAIN AND BROADWAY. Wherever in the civilized world there is grass to mow or grain to reap, the OSBORNE HARVESTING MACHINERY is known From Russia to India, from France to Australia its fame is spread, and the people i.f these countries unite with the inhabitants of the American continent in proclaiming it first of its kind. 'Ihe factories of the Company are located at Auburn, New York, where sixteen hundred men are employed, :< a monthly cost of $40,000, in manufacturing the machinery which figures largely in gathering the hat ve-ts of four continents, and more than seven hundred trave'ing agents are employed in selling the wares of this Company to the farmers in tl e different states kingdoms and prii cipalities of the world. In 1875 this Company e-tab- lished a Branch House in Dallas, making it headquarters for Texas, Indian Territory, Old and Xe* Mexico, with J. B Hatch, Manager. M r. Hatch is a man of great experience in the business, having been with this Compai y eig+lteen years, and under his skillful direction the trade of the company has as- sumed large propprtians in his territory, aggregating $500,000 per annum, and requiring the services and attention of from twelve to thirty men '1 his Com- pany manufacture Mowers, Reapers and Binders of every description, all of which are known to be first class in every respect. Most pronrnent among these many excellent machines, is the "No. n Osborne Self- Binding Harvester", a machine which combines all the many excellent qualities of its numer- ous predecessors In its con- struction, special reference has been had to the views of prac tic,it of the universe. Among the other machines which they manufacture, the d ]';{ I I " Osborne No. 6 Combined l V- ff Reaperand Mower", the "No. i 'rT ''t' () 'borne Independent Mower", the "Osborne No. ^ Reaper", the "Osborne Light Reapi 8," have been well known and popular among farmers for many years. Every machine sold by this Company is warranted to be perfect in every respect, all wear- ing parts being made of steel, case hardened, und as free as possible from defects. 'I he Dallas Branch House is situated at the corner of Main and Broadway Streets, and oc- cupies a four story stone build- Ing, covering an area of 50x100 feet. Mr. Hatch is a man of great energy and enterprise in business, and of pleasing manner and courteous address. The machines he sells are sold at manufacturers' prices, and pur- chasers from him enjoy all the advantages ot those who deal with the factory direct. This house is cordially recommended as a most satisfactory one with which to deal. 0. B. & MARY S. HEWETT, EXTRACTED WITHOUT PAIN OR DANGER. GOLD + FILLINGS EQUAL TO THE BEST DONE IN CHICAGO, NEW YORK or BOSTON. See Pasre 131. J. H. GIBBS, M. D., hysician and 6culist, u NO. 6O7 ELM STREET, WITH W. H. HOWBLL & BRO., WHOLESALE DRUGGIST. -^pLIPPEN, ^DOUE & BAKKERS. DALLAS, - TEXAS. a General Banking Business, make Collections, and Sell Exchange for Principal Cities of the U. S. and Europe.