FROM THE GUN ROOM 
 
 TO THE THRONE 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2008 with funding from 
 
 Microsoft Corporation 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/fromgunroomtothrOOkirkrich 
 
FROM THE 
 GUN ROOM TO THE THRONE 
 
PHILIP DAUVERGNE, 
 DUKE OF BOUILLON. 
 
FROM THE 
 
 Gun Room to the Throne 
 
 'Being the Life of 
 
 Vice-admiral H.S.H. Tbilip T>'Au)>ergne 
 
 "Duke of Bouillon 
 
 BY 
 
 HENRY KIRKE, M.A., B.C.L. 
 
 Author of " The First English Conquest of Canada " 
 Twenty-five Years in British Guiana," etc. etc 
 
 LONDON 
 
 SWAN, SONNENSCHEIN & CO., Lim 
 
 1904 
 
V I 
 
 J V 
 
To my Wife, 
 
 a Great-grand-daughter 
 
 of Philip D'Auvergne, 
 
 Duke of Bouillon, 
 
 This Book is 
 
 Dedicated 
 
 !72 
 
PREFACE 
 
 This is not a Romance. It is the true life-story of a 
 man whose career was marked by greater vicissitudes 
 of fortune than fall to the lot of many amongst mortals. 
 
 The Life of Philip D'Auvergne, so full of romantic 
 incidents and strange adventures, has furnished 
 materials for the novelist, the historian, and the 
 essayist : but no one, so far as I know, has ever at- 
 tempted to give a full and truthful narrative of his 
 distinguished services and varied fortunes. His days 
 were cast in a time of strife and turmoil, when men's 
 passions and ambitions wore raised to the highest pitch. 
 Partisan feeling ran so strong that it seemed impossible 
 for any one to credit his adversary with even human 
 traits. D'Auvergne, being strenuous and active in the 
 pursuit of what he thought right, could not escape the 
 malignity of his opponents, so he was made the victim 
 of anonymous and scurrilous assailants. His name was 
 blackened, his motives impugned ; he was even accused 
 of dishonesty and treachery. But, although at the time 
 these attacks caused him much annoyance, he was able 
 to confound his enemies, and retained to the last the' 
 respect of all right-thinking men and the confidence of 
 his Sovereign. 
 
 An ingenious writer, Sir Bernard Burke, seized upon 
 D'Auvergne's adventurous career as a text upon which 
 to hang one of his series of biographical essays, entitled 
 "Vicissitudes of Families." The object of the writer 
 was no doubt attained, but the sketch itself is incom- 
 plete and inaccurate. To heighten the effect of light 
 and shade the Duke's death is attributed to suicide, 
 following on the adverse decision of the Congress of 
 Vienna. This is entirely incorrect. One who was 
 present at his death-bed informed the writer that the 
 
viii. PREFACE 
 
 unfortunate Duke, broken-hearted, ruined both in health 
 and purse, died from what must be called natural 
 causes — mental worry, protracted anxiety, and ill- 
 health of long standing. He had no desire to live, so 
 death kindly put an end to his mental and bodily 
 sufferings. 
 
 A fascinating writer and bright novelist has taken 
 Philip D'Auvergne's fortunes as fit subject for a 
 romance. "The Battle of the Strong" is a powerful 
 book full of thrilling incidents, but the character of 
 Philip D'Avranches bears but little resemblance to 
 that of his prototype. 
 
 In so far as the facts can be ascertained, the public 
 life of Philip D'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon, is accur- 
 ately and truthfully depicted in these pages : of his 
 private life little is known. With the exception of a 
 few letters preserved amongst the papers presented by 
 the Comte de Puissaye to the British Museum, all his 
 private papers have been lost or destroyed. 
 
 From the lips of one who knew him well I have been 
 told that he was a man of a genial disposition ; warm- 
 hearted, compassionate, loving and loveworthy. Hand- 
 some in person, fascinating in manner, he made friends 
 amongst all classes. His firmness in action, hopefulness 
 in adversity, and modesty in prosperity are fully set 
 forth in this story of his life. 
 
 The materials for this short biography have been 
 gleaned from many sources which it were tedious to 
 enumerate ; but I must here express my thanks to 
 Sir Gilbert Parker for valuable advice and assistance, 
 freely rendered. 
 
 The portrait which acts as frontispiece is taken from 
 a miniature, painted in France by order of Duke 
 Godfrey, at the time when Philip D'Auvergne was 
 acknowledged by him as Prince Successor to his 
 Duchy. Philip was then about thirty-six years of age. 
 
 H. K. 
 
 Oxford, January, 1004- 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Preface ----- 
 
 I'AGE 
 
 vii. 
 
 PART I 
 In the Gun Room - 11 
 
 PART II 
 In the Ward Room - - - - - - 39 
 
 PART III 
 
 On the Steps of the Throne - - - - 59 
 
 PART IV 
 
 In Troubled Waters - - - - - 101 
 
 PART V 
 The Grasp of the Sceptke - 145 
 
 Appendix - 161 
 
PART I 
 
 3it tbe (Bun IRoom 
 
PAET I 
 
 IN THE GUN ROOM 
 
 In that monumental work, the Dictionary of National 
 Biography, are inserted the life stories of thousands of 
 British worthies. Each of these has a character of its 
 own, and might be classified under different heads. 
 Some are like ponderous tomes of theology, dry and 
 argumentative, others might rank as books of history, 
 full of fact and incident; many are as memoirs, 
 sparkling with wit and lively anecdote, and a few read 
 like the fairy stories of our infancy, beginning with the 
 familiar " Once upon a time " and ending in the felicity 
 of the good and brave, with confusion to ogres, tyrants 
 and such wild fowl. 
 
 Under the last head might rank the memoir now 
 about to be unfolded to our reader?. It reads like a 
 fairy legend, recalls to our minds a well-known and 
 well-loved story of our infancy : of the young man, 
 who, disinherited under his father's will, had nothing 
 with which to face a cruel world but his faithful cat. 
 
12 In the Gun Room 
 
 which, by crude wiles and transparent stratagem, 
 transformed her master into a Marquis of Carrabbas, 
 endowing him with castles and wealth and the hand of 
 a princess of the blood. Although in our story, there 
 is no mention of a cat, either booted or bare-footed, we 
 tell of a youth who was sent out into the world almost 
 as slenderly equipped, and who, through many 
 adventures by flood and field, through shipwreck, 
 imprisonment and disaster, reached the highest rank in 
 the British Navy, and was, as it were by some fairy 
 god-mother, created a Prince with castles, domains and 
 money galore. And yet this is no fairy legend to 
 tickle the ears of infancy ; but for young and old, the 
 history of a brave, loyal and generous man, who met 
 both the smiles and buffets of fortune with an 
 untroubled mind. 
 
 On the small islet which lies like a breakwater across 
 the bay of St. Aubin, stands Elizabeth Castle 
 (Chateau de I'Islet), occupying the site of an ancient 
 monastery of Augustinian monks who said masses for 
 the soul of the blessed St. Helier, martyred by impious 
 Pagan hands. St. Helier (by no means to be con- 
 founded with St Hilary) was a holy man, famous for 
 the piety and austerity of his life, who to secure 
 himself from the temptations of the world, fixed his 
 abode in the cleft of the rock on which the castle 
 stands, and aforetime known to the world as the 
 Hermitage. This was in the days when to be a hermit 
 was fashionable, and it was in the mode to isolate 
 oneself in penury and solitude ; the adulation of devout 
 worshippers being compensation for the world, the flesh, 
 and the devil renounced. 
 
/// tJic Gun Room 13 
 
 When the barbarian rovers from the North invaded 
 St. Helier's peaceful isle, he was naturally put to death 
 as a useless member of society, and gained his martyr's 
 crown by passive suffering. But in time the Church 
 again became triumphant, and the hardy rovers them- 
 selves yielded to the magic of the Gross, and St. 
 Helier gained at last his charter of martyrdom, as set 
 forth in the Calendar of the diocese of Coutances, and 
 the 16th of July was dedicated to his cult and 
 commemoration. There was a natural rivalry amongst 
 the broad dioceses as to the number of martyrs of 
 which each could boast, and by a strange reaction of 
 events, a Norman nobleman, a descendant of the very 
 rovers who had taken the hermit's life, founded and 
 endowed a fair abbey in our hermit's honour, called 
 L'Abbaye de St. Helier. Affiliated to the order of 
 Augustinians, the abbey flourished under their auspices, 
 enlarged its borders and became a power in the land, 
 sheltering Matilda of England, when that fugitive 
 Empress lied before the usurper Stephen. But the 
 glory of this foundation soon waned, a grander arose at 
 Cherbourg, to which .the Abbot of St. Helier was 
 transferred and the old monastery sank to the condition 
 of a dependent priory, and as it was held by alien 
 hands, fell under the ban of the hero of Agincourt. 
 Deprived of its revenues, the old abbey mouldered away 
 until nothing was left but the choir of the church, 
 serving at last as a chapel for the castle which was 
 erected on the ruins of the ancient monastery. 
 Founded by Edward VI., built by the virgin Queen 
 whose name it bears, enlarged by the first Charles, and 
 captured later by his rebellious subjects, Elizabeth 
 
14 In the Gun Room 
 
 Castle has always been one of the landmarks of Jersey 
 chiefest if not fairest of the Channel Isles. 
 
 Within sight of the ancient fortress, on the 22nd of 
 November, in the year of grace 1754, he of whom we 
 write was born, and in good time was baptized in the 
 old chapel of the castle, as became the son of a Norman 
 gentleman. 
 
 This was the time when Europe and its monarchs 
 were making history in haste and not always with 
 discretion. George II. was consoling himself for the loss 
 of his wife, and fulfilling the promise he had made at 
 her deathbed — " J'aurai des Mattresses." Louis XV., 
 without waiting for the death of his wife, was subject 
 to the charms of de Pompadour and Dubarry, and the 
 umbrageous amenities of the Pare aux Ceifs. William 
 Pitt, the great Earl of Chatham, was about to take the 
 reins of power into his hands, and by a Seven Years' 
 war, raise his country from a second to a first-rate 
 power in both hemispheres. Augustus, " the physically 
 strong," was Elector of Saxony ; Elizabeth of Eussia 
 was making herself and her Empire known in Europe ; 
 and Ahmed Shah, as Emperor of Delhi, was founding 
 that Mogul Empire which was finally conquered for 
 England by the swords of Nicholson, Hodson, and 
 other heroes. In America the blustering Braddock 
 had been overthrown by the French and their Indian 
 allies, scarcely atoning for his humiliating defeat by 
 his own death on the field; and our future conqueror, 
 Major Washington, was laying the foundation of his 
 military career by the defeat of a considerable French 
 force, while in command of a small body of local 
 militia. 
 
In the Gun Room i 5 
 
 As the oldest part of the British Empire, Jersey and 
 the neighbouring Isles de la Manehe, the Faithful 
 Islands, were deeply interested in these stirring events. 
 Jersey, the Csesarea of the Romans, part of the old 
 Duchy of Normandy, has always retained its own 
 language and laws. Far from being dependencies of 
 England, if a colony may inherit the right of a 
 Sovereign State, the Channel Islands might perhaps be 
 regarded as the legal owners of Great Britian. Their 
 inhabitants with reasonable pride might call them- 
 selves the conquerors of England. Staunch, true, and 
 loyal to their Norman lords and their legal successors, 
 they have lain like watchdogs for England at the 
 mouth of the Channel ; and neither the racial affinities 
 nor the spiritual domination of their great neighbour 
 has made them swerve for a moment from their allegi- 
 ance. Eollo, the great barbarian rover made them 
 Norman ; Norman they remain, and the islands still 
 reverence Eollo's name and memory, his laws, and his 
 spirit of justice; and they act upon them to this day. 
 
 Not in vain do they cry upon the name of their 
 great conqueror and ruler. The shout of Haro! Haro! 
 a ruble man Prince on me fait tort! is an appeal to 
 justice to this day, which may as little be neglected 
 now as when, at the burial of the great Duke "William, 
 Conqueror of England himself, in the face of Henry 
 Beauclerk and his nobles, a poor citizen of Caen, who 
 had been injured by the dead monarch, made the cry 
 of Haro! and justice was given to him before the 
 King's burial could be completed. Permanent and 
 continuous, as the Norman laws of Jersey, are the 
 people and language. Norman-French by descent, the 
 
1 6 In the Gun Room 
 
 ancient families of Jersey have resided for hundreds of 
 years in the ancient seigneuries, which gave their names 
 to their proud possessors; so that the Carterets were 
 Seigneurs de St. Ouen — or simply St. Ouen, the 
 Bandinels Seigneurs de Melesches, the D'Auvergnes 
 Seigneurs de Thiebault, the Pipons, Seigneurs de Noir- 
 mont, and so on. The offices of Bailly and Jurats, by 
 which are administered the laws of the Island, were in- 
 stituted by King John ; the old Norman courts with 
 their antique phraseology still exist, and the French 
 language is still spoken in the States and the Royal 
 Court, as it is still the language of the country folk. 
 
 Attracted by its fertility and remoteness from the 
 turmoil of civil strife, many cadets of old French 
 families acquired grants of land in the island of Jersey 
 and founded families which exist to-day. The revoca- 
 tion of the edict of Nantes, the religious wars of the 
 xvi th century, proscription and exile, swelled the number 
 of its inhabitants ; yet, even at the latter end of the 
 xviii th century, it was still but sparsely populated. 
 St. Heliers, the capital and principal town, could 
 only boast four hundred houses — as a French writer 
 describes it at the time of the Revolution, "Je la trou- 
 vera dans Vetat, ou elle etait du temps meme de Cromivcll." 
 Amongst the French families who had settled in the 
 island, the D'Auvergnes, of whom the subject of this 
 memoir is the one great historical figure, held an 
 honourable place. Sprung from those dome-like hills 
 of Auvergne, grass-grown to their summits, crowned 
 with mighty walnut trees, a cadet of the ancient 
 Counts of Auvergne, acquired a seigneury in the Island, 
 and his descendants lived there for four hundred years, 
 
/;/ the Git it Room \y 
 
 acquiring wealth and position ; but the Civil War 
 which ruined so many a fine estate in England spared 
 not the fair Channel Islands, and the D'Auvergnes at 
 length found themselves impoverished and compelled 
 to part with their ancient heritage. 
 
 In the beginning of the xviii<-h century, this ancient 
 house was represented by Charles D'Auvergne who by 
 his marriage with Elizabeth Corbet had two sons, 
 Charles and James. Descendants of a martial race 
 which in the former century had produced the great 
 Turenne, despoiled of their patrimony, and possessors 
 of little but an honourable name, these youths, as was 
 to be expected, chose a military profession. They were 
 sent to the Military Academy at Greenwich, and after 
 passing through the usual curriculum, obtained com- 
 missions in the army of His Britannic Majesty. Charles 
 being gazetted to the 7th Regiment of foot, and James 
 to the corps then known as Frampton's. 
 
 From his youth the elder of the D'Auvergne brothers 
 had been in delicate health, and as time went on, the 
 toil and stress, inseparable from the military profession, 
 severely taxed his constitution so that at an early age 
 he was compelled to abandon the career which he had 
 chosen. But he was no carpet knight, for he had seen 
 service under the Duke of Marlborough as one of his 
 aides-de-camp in his expedition to the French coast in 
 1758 : one of those numerous buccaneering descents 
 which added no glory to our arms, and caused but 
 small damage to the enemy. This was the campaign 
 in which, as all readers of "The Virginians" will 
 remember, Harry Esmond Warrington took part : 
 where, after landing in Cancolle Bay, <! they saw a few 
 
1 8 In the Gun Room 
 
 dragoons on a hill who rode away from us without en- 
 gaging. We slept under canvas. We marched to St. 
 Malo, and burned ever so many privateers there, and 
 we went on board ship again without ever crossing 
 swords with an enemy, or meeting any except a few 
 poor devils whom the troops plundered. Better luck 
 next time, this hasn't been very much, nor 'particularly 
 glorious." So wrote Harry Esmond, disappointed both 
 in love and war, and his estimate of this exploit is that 
 arrived at by all historians. 
 
 It was in this expedition that Charles D'Auvergne 
 made the acquaintance and gained the affection of Lord 
 Howe, who remained his staunch friend through life, 
 and extended to his children the affection given to him- 
 self. As Lord Howe was afterwards a Lord of the 
 Admiralty and of important influence in Naval matters, 
 it is not surprising with such a friend at Court that 
 D'Auvergne's youngest boy was hopefully trained for 
 the Navy. 
 
 Forced to leave the active ranks of the army, owing 
 to the state of his health, Captain Charles D'Auvergne 
 obtained through the influence of the Duke of Marl- 
 borough, a nominal appointment in the Ordnance de- 
 partment, which freed him from that compulsory service 
 to which all men in the Channel Islands were at that 
 time subject; for, situated so near to the coast of France, 
 in self-defence the Islands were compelled to enrol in 
 their Militia all able-bodied citizens, and no one could 
 plead exemption, unless he were already attached to 
 some part of the King's Naval or Military Forces. 
 
 James D'Auvergne, the younger brother, served with 
 distinction in the Army, and obtained the rank of Lieut.- 
 
/;/ the Gun Room 19 
 
 Colonel of the first Regiment of the Life Guards. 
 When the lusty George, afterwards by the Grace of 
 God the third king of that name, was being trained in 
 all knightly duties, Colonel D'Auvergne was selected 
 as his equerry, and under his instructions the young 
 prince acquired the art of horsemanship, in their daily 
 rides though Hyde Park and the neighbouring Green 
 Park. Colonel James D'Auvergne finally retired with 
 the rank of Major-General in his Majesty's Army, and 
 fixed his residence at Southampton, where he filled 
 many responsible positions, amongst others that of Mayor 
 of that ancient corporation. Here, as we shall see, he 
 assisted his celebrated nephew in later days as the 
 trusted agent of the Pioyalist party in France, and by 
 his means the money, arms and provisions furnished by 
 the English Government were forwarded to their desti- 
 nation. He died at Southampton, universally respected, 
 and regretted in 1799.* 
 
 Early in his career, Charles D'Auvergne married 
 Elizabeth Le Geyt, daughter of Philip Le Geyt, the 
 representative of one of the oldest and most respected 
 families in Jersey, who was chief Civil Magistrate of 
 the Poyal Court and President of the States. Four 
 sons were issue of this marriage, of which Philip, of this 
 memoir, was the youngest, but his elder brothers dying 
 at an early age, he was left sole male representative of 
 the union. f 
 
 *Thpre is still preserved in the family a double-headed key 
 with which Colonel D'Auvergne obtained access to the Hyde 
 and Green Parks, at that time closed to the public. 
 
 t On the death of his first wife, Charles D'Auvergne wedded 
 Miss Bauuinell, daughter of the Seigneur de Melesches, one 
 
2o In the Gun Room 
 
 Born of a valiant and martial race, reared amongst 
 an imaginative and superstitious people, young Philip 
 D'Auvergne's mind was early filled with traditions of 
 knightly deeds and tales of wonder and awe. The 
 D'Auvergnes were poor and proud. Dim legends of 
 byegone greatness, treasured now as almost the sole 
 possession of their ancient house, were no doubt poured 
 into Philip's attentive ears; and from his earliest youth 
 there seems to have been firmly implanted in his mind 
 a conviction that a great career and princely honours 
 were some day awaiting him. 
 
 Jersey, the lovely green isle, the home of his ancestors, 
 was a fitting nurse for the child of adventure. Encircled 
 by fearsome rocks, each with its weird tale of sorrow 
 and suffering, sharpened by the turbulent and malicious 
 onslaught of the Atlantic main, its treacherous coast 
 has proved destructive to many a fine ship and daunt- 
 less crew. But the towering steadfast rocks as they 
 defied the fury of the sea which fell back from their 
 slippery sides in spume and foam, taught a daily lesson 
 of endurance and fortitude. The Jersiases, amongst 
 whom Philip lived, love the sea, despite the treachery 
 of its currents and the insiduous vagrancy of its tides, 
 and have learned to baffle its wiles and combat its 
 terrors. They are a nation of sailors ; the boldest 
 pilots of the Channel are Jersey men. Amidst such an 
 environment Philip must needs grow up strong and 
 
 of the nobility of the Island, connected by marriage with 
 the de Carteret and Lempriere families, and through them 
 with several noble English houses. Philip had a sister 
 named Elizabeth (Aunt Betsy), who lived to a good old age, 
 and died in 1840. 
 
In the Gun Room 21 
 
 self-reliant, independent and imaginative ; proud also, 
 and maybe vain, and with a boy's self-consciousness and 
 love of approbation. 
 
 From the heights behind his father's house, Philip 
 could see the rich plains of the Cotentin (land of 
 legend and story) stretched out before him, and on a 
 fine day the towers of Coutances, formerly the 
 Cathedral Church of the Islands, stood out bathed in 
 sunlight. The shores of Normandy sloped away to 
 the right, losing themselves in the blue mists of the 
 horizon, blue mists which hid from his eyes, though he 
 knew it not, much of his future destiny. A lordly 
 chateau — a vast forest domain — a princely coronet, and 
 wealth unspeakable, all to be, as it were, in his grasp, 
 and then to melt away like the sea-clouds which 
 shrouded his native isle. 
 
 Philip, the true child of Jersey, loved the sea. He was 
 never so happy as when sailing along the coast with the 
 old boatmen who knew every rock and bay, every tide 
 and race, and the multiform caprices of that treacherous 
 coast ; so that, as he grew up, strong, bold, and self- 
 reliant, the Royal Navy was naturally his choice of pro- 
 fession. His father, with worldly wisdom, approved of 
 his aspirations, as did Lord Howe, the father's friend 
 and omnipotent at the Admiralty. There was no 
 Britannia in those days, no examination in Great George 
 Street, no Naval College at Greenwich, and Whale 
 Island was a sandy waste : the education of a sailor 
 was acquired on board ship. So having satisfied the 
 Admiralty that he had received the ordinary educa- 
 tion of boys of his class and degree, Philip D'Au- 
 vergne, being then fifteen years of age, was gazetted 
 
22 hi the Gun Room 
 
 in 1770 to the Royal Yacht, commanded by Admiral 
 Campbell. 
 
 The Royal Navy in those days was a rough school. 
 In most cases captains were brutal and tyrannical, the 
 blue jackets were the scum of the sea ports, the sweep- 
 ings of gaols. One, Tobias Smollett, has given us his 
 experience at sea, and if the " Adventures of Roderick 
 Random " are to be trusted, a man-of-war was a sort of 
 floating hell. 
 
 Thus D'Auvergne was fortunate at the outset, by 
 being placed in the Royal Yacht, where only picked 
 men were admitted. Captain Campbell was a brave 
 and gallant sailor, but rather a rough dog. He had 
 greatly distinguished himself in the action against the 
 Marquis de Conflans, and was selected, together with 
 Lord Anson, to bear the news to the King. As they 
 approached their Royal Master, Lord Anson remarked 
 to Captain Campbell, " If you would like the honour, 
 the King will knight you." 
 
 " Troth me, Lord," replied Campbell, " I ken nae use 
 that ull be to me." 
 
 " But no doubt your wife would be pleased at being 
 my Lady." 
 
 "Weel then," replied the Captain, "His Majesty 
 may knight her if he pleases." 
 
 So the worthy Captain remained unknighted, and 
 no doubt got a good wigging from his spouse in 
 consequence. 
 
 Service in a Royal Yacht counted as sea-going time, 
 and under exceptional advantages young D'Auvergne 
 could pursue his studies with ease and regularity. 
 Having passed his examination, on Lord Howe's 
 
/;/ the Guti Room 23 
 
 nomination, Philip was appointed a midshipman to the 
 Flora frigate, commanded by Sir George Collier ; and 
 there in the gun-room mess he began the career which 
 was to lead him through fire and sword, shipwreck and 
 captivity, to such high honours and grievous reverses 
 as seldom fall to the lot of man. 
 
 The Flora made several foreign voyages of no 
 particular interest, save one when, during a cruise in 
 the Baltic, she visited Cronstadt, and the new Russian 
 capital, St. Petersburg. Here, together with his brother 
 officers, D'Auvergne was introduced to the English 
 Ambassador, Lord Cathcart, and was by him presented 
 to the Zenobia of the North, the Empress Catherine II. 
 Her Imperial Majesty was residing at her palace of 
 Peterhoff and received the British officers with kind- 
 ness, talking familiarly with them ; and it is said in 
 the marginal notes that she had such satisfaction in 
 D'Auvergne's bold bearing and ready answers, not to 
 mention his good looks (for Catherine had an eye for 
 the comely man) that she wished to attach him to her 
 service. But the midshipman's patriotism and love 
 of his profession, which throughout his life were dis- 
 tinguished traits of his character, made it easy for him 
 to decline the proffered honour. 
 
 Goethe compared life to a game of whist, where the 
 cards are dealt out by destiny, and the rules of the 
 game being fixed, the players are left to win or lose 
 according to their skill or the want of it. It is a trite 
 saying, but it is no less true, that an apparently chance 
 encounter, a word lightly spoken, a trivial incident, 
 may influence a man's career through life, if he has 
 the genius and promptitude to avail himself of the 
 
24 In the Gun Room 
 
 opportunities which fortune places within his grasp. 
 By a happy fatality, on her return from St. Petersburg 
 the Flora cast anchor at Copenhagen in close proximity 
 to the French frigate, La FIou, and during their stay in 
 the Danish capital the officers of both ships became 
 acquainted. The French ship had on board several 
 members of the Academie des Sciences at Paris, making 
 observations on the time-keepers of Le Ptoy and Bertrand. 
 With his thorough knowledge of their language Philip 
 was able to converse frequently with the French savants, 
 and the information which he gained from them, gave 
 him a taste for the more scientific branches of his 
 profession, which he afterwards pursued with intense 
 eagerness, his studies proving an important factor in 
 his subsequent advancement in the Navy. Bold and 
 daring our sailors ever were, but there was not at that 
 time amongst them much love for scientific pursuits. 
 It was a fortunate thing for him that such a rencontre 
 should in his early years have developed a latent 
 tendency, and called forth the exertion of his best 
 powers. So absorbed was he with the delight of his 
 new studies that on his return to London he prosecuted 
 them with the utmost vigour, taking lessons from a 
 celebrated professor of mathematics. This devotion to 
 study, so different from the usual habit of a middy 
 ashore, was soon to reap its reward. 
 
 That mysterious region lying hidden within the ice- 
 bound tract of the North Pole, defying its Columbus 
 for so many centuries, has always had a strange fascina- 
 tion for Englishmen. Expedition after expedition has 
 been sent out, higher and higher latitudes have been 
 reached, but all have returned baffled and disappointed, 
 
/;/ the Gun Room 25 
 
 many alas ! never returning at all, whilst rotting ships 
 and frozen crews have been offered up in vain, cold 
 sacrifices of warm life to the Moloch of the Arctic 
 World. 
 
 Soon after D'Auvergne returned from the Baltic, 
 the Koyal Society of England approached the Earl of 
 Sandwich, then first Lord of the Admiralty, to urge the 
 despatch of an expedition to make scientific observations 
 in the Arctic regions. Falling in with their wishes, the 
 first Lord in an interview with King George III., 
 recommended that two of His Majesty's ships should 
 be sent to try how far navigation towards the North 
 Pole was possible, and to take such scientific observa- 
 tions as were practicable in the circumstances. The 
 King's assent being obtained and his encouragement 
 secured, Captain the Honourable Constantine John 
 Phipps (afterwards Lord Mulgrave) was selected to 
 command the expedition, and at his suggestion the 
 Bacchorse and Carcass, bomb-vessels, were lent by the 
 Admiralty and specially fitted out for this particular 
 service. Each vessel was provided with a crew of 
 ninety men. The officers were carefully selected, and 
 all, both officers and men, were of the most suitable age 
 and physique. To this rule, however, there were two 
 remarkable exceptions. By the favour of Lord Howe, 
 and on account of his own scientific and mathematical 
 knowledge, young D'Auvergne was appointed to the 
 Racehorse, and in the Carcass was shipped a boy of 
 fifteen named Horatio Nelson, a name that was to 
 make some pother in the world in years to come. Two 
 masters of Greenlandmen were taken on board as pilots, 
 a distilling apparatus, which had recently been invented 
 
26 In the Gun Room 
 
 by M. Poissonniere was provided ; the Board of Longitude 
 sent Mr. Israel Lyons to make astronomical observations, 
 and Mr. Banks and Mr. d'Alembert of the Royal Society 
 and other learned persons placed their services at 
 Captain Phipps's disposal. 
 
 The Racehorse was commissioned by Captain Phipps 
 on the 19th of April, 1773, and fitted out by the 22nd 
 of May, when she was inspected by the Earl of 
 Sandwich. She dropped down to the Nore, where she 
 was joined by her consort the Carcass, Captain 
 Lutwidge. On the 2nd of June both ships weighed 
 their anchors and stood out northwards on their 
 adventurous voyage. 
 
 The instructions given to the captain commanding 
 are somewhat amusing to us who enjoy the knowledge 
 gained by the many brave men, who since Phipps' 
 expedition have navigated the Arctic seas. " I was 
 told," he says, " to make the best of my way to the 
 Northward and proceed up to the North Pole, or as 
 far towards it as possible, and as nearly upon a 
 meridian as the ice and other obstructions might admit : 
 and during the course of the voyage to make such 
 observations of every kind as might be useful to 
 navigation, or tend to the promotion of natural 
 knowledge : in case of arriving at the Pole, and even 
 finding free navigation on the opposite meridian not 
 to proceed any further ; and at all events to secure my 
 return to the Nore before the winter should set in." 
 
 This warning not to proceed any further on arriving 
 at the Pole, read in the light of the knowledge which 
 has come to us from the exploits of Franklin, Kane, 
 Back, McClintock, Nansen and many others, seems 
 
In the Gun Room 27 
 
 somewhat ludicrous and, as the event proved, unnecessary. 
 But our acquaintance with the Arctic World was at 
 that time limited. That way, however, imagination 
 had long run, for as far back as 1527 a passage to the 
 East Indies, via the North Pole had been suggested by 
 one Robert Thome, a merchant of Bristol, in a petition 
 presented to bluff King Hal. This suggestion of his, 
 Thorne seems to think a great secret, and of much 
 importance. " I know," he writes, " it is my bounden 
 duty to manifest this secret to your Grace which 
 hitherto I suppose has been hid." He expatiates not 
 only on the glory and reputation to be acquired by the 
 discovery of this passage, but on the great benefit to the 
 subjects of this country which would accrue. So early 
 as this was the ignis-fatuus lighted which has existed 
 for more than three hundred years and has lured so 
 many brave men to a dark doom. 
 
 Old Thorne seems to have been as intimate with the 
 North Bole as if he had been in the habit of spending 
 his summer holidays there. For although he asserts 
 that for two or three leagues before you reach the Pole 
 the seas are dangerous, after the Pole was once passed, 
 " from thenceforth the seas and lands are as temperate 
 as in these parts." How did lie get this information, 
 which he asserts as a well known fact, and which is 
 also repeated by Borne in his " Regiments of the Sea ? " 
 As all the world knows, the great navigator, Henry 
 Hudson, actually sailed for the Arctic seas in 1607, and 
 attained an altitude of 80° 23', while several abortive 
 attempts were made in the same century by those stout 
 mariners — Boffin, Fotherby, and Poole. All honour to 
 these hardy sailors who encountered dangers with the 
 
28 In the Gun Room 
 
 greatest fortitude and perseverance, who showed a 
 degree of diligence and skill which might have done 
 honour to modern seamen with all the later improve- 
 ments at their command. As has been well said the 
 hardy spirit fostered in our mariners by these arduous 
 quests laid the foundation of our future Naval 
 supremacy. There the mystery remained, unsolved and 
 unattacked for a hundred years. 
 
 Captain Phipps seems to have taken every precaution 
 then known to science in prosecuting his bold under- 
 taking; but some of his regulations seem somewhat 
 obscure in meaning. " I ordered," says he, " the 
 allowance of liquid to be altered, serving the ship's 
 company a quarter of their allowance in beer, and the 
 other three-quarters in brandy, by which means the beer 
 was made to last the whole voyage and the water 
 considerably saved." Jack no doubt had little objection 
 to save water by drinking beer and brandy instead. 
 The Captain had apparently but little faith in the 
 distilling apparatus. 
 
 Spitzbergen was made on the 28th of June, and here 
 the ships cruised about, now beset with ice, and now in 
 open water. A careful log was kept, numerous 
 observations were taken, plants and animals collected, 
 and the usual incidents of Arctic travel enjoyed. 
 
 With their old-fashioned flint muskets, so different 
 from the Express rifles of modern days, these hardy 
 seamen shot polar bears, reindeer and walruses. These 
 later, which they called sea-horses, gave them a fright. 
 As D'Auvergne and another officer, were pulling in a 
 boat they firefl at and wounded a sea-horse which 
 immediately dived under water only to return with 
 
In tJie Gun Room 29 
 
 fighting reinforcements which attacked the boat, 
 wrested an oar from one of the sailors and were only 
 prevented from staving in and up33ti:ing their craft by 
 the timely arrival of assistance. 
 
 In addition to his other accomplishments, D'Auvergne 
 was no mean artist, and to him Captain Phipps was 
 indebted for the interesting sketches which adorn his 
 narrative. He describes in his diary an iceberg, " of 
 which Mr. D'Auvergne made an accurate sketch ; the 
 black mountains, white snow and beautiful colour of the 
 ice make a romantic picture." 
 
 Uneventful as was the voyage, the navigators had 
 however one narrow escape. In latitude 80° 21 v N. both 
 ships were suddenly enclosed within a belt of ice, and 
 were driven by a strong current into a bay, which 
 was immediately blocked up by the drifting ice. Having 
 no dogs or sledges they ran great risks of being im- 
 prisoned for the winter, but fortunately for them the 
 wind shifted, the ice began to drift carrying the ships with 
 it, and before many hours had passed they were again 
 in the open water and made the harbour of Fairhaven. 
 Leaving Fairhaven they steered south at the end of 
 August, and were off Shetland by the 7th of September. 
 
 Although the expedition failed in its immediate 
 object, it was not without valuable results. Besides 
 the official log, a meteorological journal was kept, a 
 catalogue of the natural productions of the country 
 visited was compiled, several polar bears were killed, 
 the largest of which was seven feet one inch in length, 
 four feet three inches in height and weighed six hundred 
 and ten lbs., after it had been deprived of its head ami 
 pelt. 
 
30 In the Gtin Room 
 
 It was during this voyage that Nelson essayed alone 
 one moonlight night to slay a bear and take his skin * 
 a well-known story which is graphically told in Captain 
 Mahan's " Life of Nelson." Bear killing appears to 
 have been one of the real excitements of the expedition, 
 for we are told that Lieutenant Graves of the Racehorse 
 (afterwards Sir Thomas Graves) had a dispute with a 
 brother officer over the carcass of a bear, which each 
 claimed as his prize. The difference reached such a pitch, 
 that it was agreed to settle it by a duel a routrance, 
 each combatant to be armed with a musket, when, if 
 the exchange of shots proved ineffectual, both parties 
 were to charge with the bayonet. It was only by the 
 peremptory command of Captain Phipps that the 
 combat was abandoned. 
 
 There can be no doubt that young D'Auvergne (he 
 was only eighteen) carried off most of the honours of 
 the expedition. He kept the meteorological register, 
 took the astronomical observations, drew charts and 
 made sketches. His conduct was particularly noticed 
 and approved by his commanding officer, who from that 
 time until his death, honoured him with the most 
 distinguished patronage and cordial friendship. By the 
 King's command, Captain Phipps published an account 
 of his voyage in IV 74, illustrated by sketches and 
 charts, most of which were drawn by D'Auvergne. f 
 
 *It was told by Southey, long before Mahan, and much 
 more graphically. 
 
 t The engravings which accompany Captain Phipps' voyage 
 are — A chart showing the track of H.M.S. Racehorse and 
 Carcass during the expedition to the North Pole : View of 
 the land from Cloven Cliff to Hackluit's Headland taken 
 
In the Gun Room 31 
 
 D'Auvergne landed at the end of September, 1773. 
 He remained on shore unemployed, except with his 
 mathematical studies and the completion of the charts 
 and tables from his surveys and observations in the 
 Arctic voyage. But he was not long to remain on 
 shore. Two months after his return the celebrated tea 
 incident took place at Boston, when an excited populace 
 wasted several hundred chests of good tea by hurling it 
 into the sea. As the rebellious colonists refused to 
 make any political reparation for this domestic waste, a 
 squadron of men-of-war was sent across the Atlantic in 
 the summer of 1774. Amongst these sailed the Asia, 
 Captain Vandeput, to which Philip D'Auvergne had 
 been appointed. 
 
 The Asia joined the fleet under Admiral Graves, and 
 for four years Philip was actively engaged with the 
 English troops against the Americans. The story of the 
 War of Independence has been told over and over again. 
 Washington and the exploits of his troops have proved 
 a never-failing source of inspiration for American 
 writers ; and although the fortune of war went against 
 us, we can now afford to look back upon the painful 
 past with equanimity. The affair at Lexington, where 
 the first blood of war was shed, excited the colonists to 
 
 July 18th, at 10 p ra. View of the Racehorse and Carcass, 
 July 31st. Five views of the land round Seven Islands' Bay 
 taken August Gth, at 10 p.m. View of the Racehorse and 
 Carcass forcing through the ice, August 10th. View of an 
 iceberg. Plan of Fairhaven with the islands adjoint on 
 the N.W. coast of Spitsbergen from an actual survey taken 
 1773. Chart showing the different courses steered by H.M.S. 
 Racehorse, from July 3rd to August 22nd ; with some mathe- 
 matical plates and sketches from Xatural History. 
 
32 In the Gun Room 
 
 madness. A small body of English, about eight 
 hundred men, under Lieutenant-Colonel Smith and Major 
 Pitman were opposed by a large body of Militia, who 
 obliged them to retire with considerable loss; their 
 retreat became a rout, the whole country was up 
 against them, every tree, every fence sheltered a 
 marksman who picked off the soldiers like rabbits. 
 D'Auvergne and some other young officers from the 
 fleet, wishing to see the grim game, had strolled along 
 with the troops, and in the retreat narrowly escaped 
 being made prisoners by the victorious Americans. 
 They reached their ship in safety, however, and shortly 
 afterwards D'Auvergne was made acting-Lieutenant of 
 the Kingfisher, and from thence transferred to the 
 Preston, Admiral Graves's flag-ship. 
 
 It is true that we defeated the Americans at Bunker's 
 Hill, as true as that we beat the French at Waterloo, 
 but the loss of life which we suffered in storming the 
 entrenchments made the English generals respect 
 American defences ever afterwards. This respect 
 indeed went to such a length that the mere appearance 
 of a barricade frightened them, even when, as at White 
 Plains, it was found to consist only of corn-stalks and 
 straw. 
 
 D'Auvergne was always to the front when any 
 fighting was going on. Being sent in command of one 
 of the boats which went to the assistance of the troops 
 he obtained permission to join in the assault, and 
 fortunately came back with a whole skin, although the 
 English loss was two hundred and twenty-five men 
 killed, and eight hundred and thirty wounded. He was 
 engaged continuously in the arduous duties entailed by 
 
In the Gun Room 33 
 
 the siege of Boston, was at the destruction of the town 
 of Falmouth, and was wounded at the bombardment. 
 
 There was no act of the war that excited greater 
 indignation than the destruction of this thriving town. 
 The behaviour of the King's troops had already en- 
 gendered a bad feeling amongst the Colonists. The 
 Hessians and other Germans in the King's pay were 
 loathed as bloody mercenaries, and the conflict on both 
 sides assumed a bitter and unrelenting aspect. Fortu- 
 nately for D'Auvergne he had nothing to do but to 
 obey orders to the best of his ability. His behaviour at 
 Falmouth when he helped to bring off the routed 
 marines and blue jackets under a heavy fire met with 
 the marked approval of the Admiral, who transferred 
 him to the Chatham, of fifty guns, flag ship of Admiral 
 Shuldham in command on the American station. 
 
 Driven out of Boston, General Howe had withdrawn 
 his troops to Halifax and awaited reinforcements from 
 England. When they arrived, under the command of 
 Admiral Howe, the General landed on Long Island 
 with an army of thirty thousand men, defeated the 
 enemy, leaving the remnant of their army huddled up 
 in an entrenched camp. We need not recapitulate the 
 well known story, how the Americans were allowed to 
 escape, how New York was occupied, and how if a 
 Marlborough or a Wolfe had been in command the fate 
 of the American Colonies might have been different. 
 But General Howe was not of the same calibre as those 
 heroes : brave, amiable, and good tempered he seems to 
 have looked upon the campaign as a sort of military 
 picnic. When the American armies were upon their 
 last legs, when Washington himself was in despair, our 
 
34 In the Gun Room 
 
 worthy General with his army was amusing himself at 
 Philadelphia, fiddling, dancing, gambling. Triumphal 
 arches were erected in honour of the capturer of New 
 York ; mimic tournaments were held ; the King's 
 health and confusion to his enemies was drunk in in- 
 numerable bumpers, whilst precious time was wasted, 
 and the disorganised American forces again became an 
 army. 
 
 In all the principal affairs that followed the capture 
 of New York D'Auvergne was present : he was at the 
 storming of Fort Washington, the skirmishes of New 
 Rochelle and Kingsbridge ; and stood before the sham 
 barricades at White Plains. Except for the wound 
 received at Falmouth, which was not severe enough to 
 incapacitate him from duty, he apparently escaped all 
 injury. The Navy was well to the front in all the 
 operations of war. " The conduct of the officers of the 
 Navy did them much credit," writes Lord Howe in his 
 official despatches, " and the behaviour of the seamen 
 belonging to the ships of war was highly meritorious." 
 
 Sir Peter Parker having failed in his attack on 
 Charlestown, had rejoined the fleet, and when the 
 attack upon Ehode Island was made D'Auvergne was 
 serving in the Chatham under his flag. He was selected 
 by the Admiral to conduct some difficult negotiations 
 between the American provisional Government and the 
 English General and Admiral, a position of great 
 delicacy and difficulty owing to the bitter hatred be- 
 tween the belligerents. However D'Auvergne suc- 
 ceeded so well that Lord Howe expressed his high 
 appreciation of his services, and sent him his com- 
 mission as Lieutenant in command of the Alarm, which 
 
hi the Gun Room 35 
 
 had been specially fitted up for service in the con- 
 tinental rivers. 
 
 D'Auvergne was twenty years of age when he 
 obtained his first command, having been continually 
 employed for seven years. A new enemy had appeared 
 on the scene. M. d'Estaing had arrived with a French 
 fleet to support the Americans, and the Alarm with 
 two other small craft was cut off from the rest of the 
 English fleet by a French squadron. To prevent her 
 from falling into the enemy's hands D'Auvergne ran 
 his ship ashore and burnt her, landing the crew on 
 Rhode Island where they served in the batteries as part 
 of the Naval Brigade during the siege. He remained 
 with his men, who were working the guns with the 
 regular artillery, and to give him command over the 
 latter he was appointed in August, Brigade-Major to the 
 Brigade of seamen and Marines doing duty in the 
 garrison. 
 
 M. d'Estaing's fleet being routed and driven south- 
 wards, the commander of the Alarm was summoned 
 before a Court Martial to explain his desperate conduct 
 in burning his ship. He was honourably acquitted 
 from all blame, but he seems to have grown weary of a 
 war where but few laurels were to be gained and where 
 his high and generous nature was disgusted by the 
 incapacity of the commanders, whose plans were formed 
 without intelligence, and executed without energy, and 
 the vindictiveness of the warfare. 
 
 Was it chance or premonition that brought him back 
 to Europe to enter upon a larger career ? Probably the 
 war with France, precipitated by the assistance that that 
 country had given to the revolted provinces in America, 
 
36 In the Gun Room 
 
 may have hastened his determination. The loss of his 
 ship, his first independent command, which had heen 
 forced upon him by the action of the French Admiral, 
 may have made him anxious to pay off the score in 
 other waters. 
 
 He obtained leave, and sailed for England in the 
 Leviathan, arriving to find his country in consternation 
 at the death of the great Earl Chatham, whose master 
 mind had carried the nation to unlooked for heights of 
 glory and success, and who died whilst bitterly de- 
 nouncing the war in which D'Auvergne had been 
 engaged. There was good opportunity for a young 
 naval lieutenant. The naval war was well begun ; 
 Admiral Keppel had defeated a French squadron off 
 Ushant, but our enemies were strong in the Channel, 
 and we were over-matched both in ships and men. 
 
 The reports which d'Auvergne brought home must 
 have served him well with the Admiralty, for soon 
 after his arrival he was appointed to be first Lieutenant 
 of the Arethum, a smart frigate of thirty-two guns, the 
 " Saucy Arethusa " of song and legend. She was 
 attached to the Channel squadron, which was being 
 driven slowly back by the French, who had sixty-eight 
 line of battle-ships to our thirty-eight. In addition, 
 the Spaniards, who had been interfering between us 
 and the Colonists in America, were soon to declare 
 war against us, and thus our Naval authorities had 
 their hands full. We were entering upon a naval 
 conflict which has seen no equal in our annals, and 
 which, while affording ample employment to our gallant 
 sailors, raised England to the position of mistress of the 
 seas and arbitress of Europe. 
 
PART II 
 
 3n tbc Mnvb TRoom 
 
PAET II 
 
 IN THE WARD ROOM 
 
 Had Lieutenant D'Auvergne lived in these days, the 
 Lev in than would have been boarded off Spithead by 
 the omnipresent newspaper correspondent, and we 
 should have read in a fourth special edition, the 
 opinions of the last arrival from the seat of war — his 
 impressions of America, especially New York and 
 Boston, the prospects of the campaign, and what he 
 thought of the French fleet ; coupled with a minute 
 description of his personal appearance and manner of 
 speaking. But no such record unfortunately is at our 
 command. However, the young Lieutenant had no 
 reason to be dissatisfied with the results of his Ameri- 
 can campaign, as the reports which he brought home 
 secured him the only reward which appears to have 
 been open to junior officers in those days. 
 
 At a time when orders and medals abound, when 
 hardly a year passes without some new Order being 
 founded, or new medal struck, when medal- 
 
40 In the Ward Room 
 
 hunters are as well-known as stamp-collectors, it is 
 strange to look back to a time when British valour 
 and seamanship had reached its highest point, but the 
 breasts of our bravest soldiers and sailors were innocent 
 of any decoration. C.B.'s, C.M.G.'s, D.S.O.'s, V.C.'s, were 
 unknown. It is true that after a great naval victory 
 admirals were knighted, or received the order of the 
 Bath, and were sometimes exalted to baronetcies and 
 peerages ; although on the other hand for an error of 
 judgment, we hanged one of our admirals, probably as 
 Voltaire said Pour encourager les mitres. But for the 
 blue-jackets and junior officers there was nothing to 
 hope for but promotion, which was very slow, and 
 acquired in most cases by interest rather than merit. 
 One advantage the old service had over the new, and 
 that was in the matter of prize-money. This was in 
 many cases a substantial reward for our brave sailors. 
 Many an admiral having a lucky command has acquired 
 before he struck his flag from £10,000 to £30,000 in 
 prize money, and although he obtained the lion's share, 
 yet his officers and men benefitted proportionately. 
 Lord Anson in his celebrated voyage in the Centurion, 
 captured treasure to the amount of £400,000, besides 
 sinking and destroying ships and merchandise to the 
 amount of £600,000 more. Captain Digby accumulated 
 £63,000 in prize money before he was thirty-six years 
 old. By the capture of the Hermione the officers of 
 H.M.S. Active and Favourite divided nearly half a 
 million pounds sterling. Many a pretty cottage and 
 tidy farm were purchased out of their prize money by 
 British sailors for their wives and children, where 
 they themselves if they survived the great war, could 
 
In the Ward Room 41 
 
 sit at their ease, smoke their pipes and spin their 
 yarns. 
 
 Promoted from gun-room rank after eight years 
 service, D'Auvergne now found himself first Lieutenant 
 of a crack frigate. His merit must have been great, 
 and no doubt he had some influence at the Admiralty, 
 for although he had enjoyed an acting commission as 
 Lieutenant in two flag-ships, and had been in sole com- 
 mand for a few months of a gun-vessel, it was a big 
 jump for him in the service. 
 
 No doubt the hope of prize money had enticed the 
 majority of naval officers into the service ; they had no 
 other inducement to enter it. It is difficult for us in 
 these days to realise the life on board our men-of-war 
 during the greater part of the eighteenth century. 
 Accustomed as we are to the discipline, cleanliness and 
 good character of our blue-jackets, to the high educa- 
 tion, competency, and courtly manners of their officers, 
 we hesitate to believe the descriptions which have come 
 down to us of the misery and vice which existed on 
 board H.M. ships in the good old days — days we must 
 remember in which the British navy achieved some of 
 its greatest exploits. 
 
 The fare both of officers and men was of the roughest ; 
 salt beef and pork, pease pudding and mouldy biscuits 
 eaten by the light of a farthing dip and washed down 
 by water, bad and sometimes putrid. Air and space 
 limited, as all the ships were overcrowded ; sanitation 
 was entirely neglected, the sick bay a horror. Naval 
 officers were seldom gentlemen, and if they were so on 
 joining, they soon became brutalized by their associates 
 and surroundings. Even an admiral of birth and 
 
 3 
 
42 In the Ward Room 
 
 fortune in those days is described to us as a coarse, 
 rough, rude sea-monster. The junior officers were held 
 in a state of vassalage, bullied and ill-treated by their 
 captains. Some of them were good sailors and brave 
 men, but rude and uncouth : others were drunken 
 reprobates full of ignorance and impertinence. The 
 chaplains were tame cats without influence or authority ; 
 the captains were gallant sailors, but many of them 
 brutal, tyrannical and capricious. The crews were the 
 off-scouring of the earth, the collected filth of gaols. 
 Every vice and crime committed on shore was practised 
 on board ; the scenes of horror and infamy on board a 
 man-of-war in those days were disgusting and incredible. 
 Mutiny was only prevented by the sternest discipline 
 and cruel punishments. Keelhauling, floggings round 
 the fleet, and other horrors were frequently inflicted. 
 When the enemy was encountered and the lust of 
 battle was raging in their veins the men fought like 
 demons ; like demons of another sort they behaved 
 when out of action and in hours of idleness. On a 
 ship in a foreign or colonial port, leave was seldom 
 given from fear of desertion, but hundreds of women 
 invaded the decks, and officers and men abandoned 
 themselves to open and shameless licentiousness. 
 
 The Arcthusa was commanded by Captain Elliot, and 
 funned part of the Channel squadron, doing good 
 services until February, 1779, when she was engaged in 
 a deadly duel with the French frigate L 'Aigrette. 
 After an indecisive action the vessels separated, but 
 the Arethusa crippled by shot and shell was caught in 
 a fierce gale and wrecked off Ushant. The officers and 
 cr^w who were saved from the wreck, of whom 
 
/;/ the Ward Room 43 
 
 Lieutenant D'Auvergne was one, were made prisoners 
 by the French authorities, and marched off to a 
 fortress in the interior, where they were confined as 
 prisoners of war. 
 
 Into such a pitiable position did the fortune of war 
 plunge the youth of promise. A friendless naval 
 lieutenant, his ship lost, his career nipped in the bud. 
 himself a captive in a foreign dungeon, possibly to be 
 detained till the war was ended, who could foresee that 
 the very misfortunes which he suffered were to be 
 potent factors in raising him from the depths of despair 
 to a career full of the brightest possibilities. So far 
 in his profession D'Auvergne had shown exceptional 
 talents : fearlessness and promptitude in action he 
 shared indeed with others, but his love of learning, his 
 determination to acquire a thorough knowledge of the 
 scientific elements of his calling, marked him as one 
 fitted to rise, if he were given the chance, to the highest 
 position. His learning and capabilities had been 
 severely tested in the Arctic expedition whilst still only 
 a boy of eighteen, and his self-control and judgment had 
 later on gained for him the confidence of the General 
 and Admiral on the American Station. 
 
 Hitherto Lieutenant D'Auvergne's career brilliant and 
 successful though it had been, was little more than the 
 ordinary fate of hundreds of brave men who were at the 
 time upholding the honour of the English flag all over 
 the world: but strange as it may seem the loss of his 
 ship and his subsequent imprisonment were to prove 
 the first steps on the ladder, which was to raise the 
 hapless naval officer, languishing in a French dungeon to 
 the throne of one of the oldest Principalities in Europe. 
 
44 I n the Ward Room 
 
 Philip D'Auvergne was not long detained in prison. 
 Unforseen events tended 4o shorten his captivity ; he 
 obtained his exchange and returned to England. 
 
 His gallantry and sufferings were rewarded by the 
 command of the Lark, a large armed cutter, which had 
 been purchased to be converted into a sloop of war. 
 He made a voyage in her to the Baltic, and later on to 
 the coast of Scotland in charge of a convoy ; and in 
 January, 1781, he was commanded to fit out the ship 
 for foreign service. England, at this time at war with 
 Holland, was casting longing eyes on the Dutch Colony 
 at the Cape of Good Hope ; so an expedition was 
 fitted out under the command of Commodore George 
 Johnstone, who hoisted his flag on board the Hero, and 
 with a strong squadron of men-of-war consisting of one 
 seventy-four, one sixty-four, and three fifties with 
 numerous smaller vessels convoying a large fleet of 
 transports and East Indiamen, sailed from Spithead on 
 the 13th of March, 1781. H.M.S. Lark ; Lt. Commander 
 D'Auvergne, was included in his command.* 
 
 A successful and uneventful voyage brought the 
 fleet to the Portuguese island of St. Jago where the 
 Commodore put into Port Praya for water. Although 
 aware that a French squadron under the command of 
 M. de Suffren, the ablest of the French Admirals, was 
 on its way to the Cape to forestall the English attack, 
 Johnstone seems to have taken no special precautions, 
 but although aware that a French fleet was on his 
 track, anchored his fleet in a manner, which made him 
 subsequently the object of bitter censure. When on 
 
 *ln Clowes' Naval History it is stated that D'Auvergne 
 was in command of the Tapageur, 14 guns. 
 
//* the Ward Room 45 
 
 the 16th of April, the French ships came in sight, his 
 own ships were lying in a confused order, and fifteen 
 hundred sailors were on shore engaged in watering, 
 fishing, embarking cattle and amusing themselves ; 
 none of which escaped the eagle eye of M. de Suffren, 
 who immediately stood into the bay to attack the 
 British ships. If he had been seconded by his sub- 
 ordinates, there is little doubt that the English would 
 have suffered a great naval disaster : but not accustomed 
 to such bold measures, or mistaking his orders, the 
 French Captains failed their Commander in his hour of 
 need. So M. de Suffren found himself in his flag-ship, 
 Heros, followed by the Annibal alone, opposed to the 
 whole British squadron. After some random broad- 
 sides the Frenchmen cut their cables, and drifted out 
 to sea, taking with them a captured merchantman.* 
 
 The English Commodore was so much astonished at 
 this sudden attack, that he lost much precious time 
 before he could make up his mind to pursue his bold 
 antagonists; and even when he came up to them and 
 recovered the captured merchantman, he lay to, waiting 
 for the Isis of fifty guns which had been partially dis- 
 masted by de Sulfren's fire. This delay allowed the 
 Frenchmen to make good their escape, and was the 
 main cause of the failure of the expedition. 
 
 The fleet, after the delay of a fortnight in Praya 
 harbour, proceeded on its voyage. H.M.S. Lark being 
 in the advance squadron under Captain Piggott, H.M.S. 
 Jason. 
 
 These detached ships fell in with and captured a 
 
 * It is curious to observe that the Hag-ship on each side 
 bore the same name. 
 
46 In the Ward Room 
 
 Dutch East Indiaraan called the Hclwoltemade, bound 
 for Ceylon, having on bo.ird stores and provisions and 
 £40,000 in money. D'Auvergne was put in charge of 
 the prize, and by his knowledge of their language drew 
 from the passengers a correct statement of all the 
 shipping which had been left in the Bay of Saldanha, 
 from which port the prize had sailed. 
 
 In the meanwhile M. de Suffren had arrived safely 
 with all his force in False Bay and landed the rein- 
 forcements. Commodore Johnstone feeling that all 
 attempts to carry the Colony by a coup-de-main would 
 be in vain, resolved not to return home empty handed ; 
 so summoning Lieutenant D'Auvergne on board the 
 flagship, he obtained from him such particulars as he 
 had gathered from the captured passengers, and in- 
 structed him to lead the attack upon the Dutch shipping 
 in the Bay of Saldanha. This was ably and successfully 
 carried out. 
 
 On the 21st of July, the English fleet rapidly and 
 silently entered the Bay, led by D'Auvergne in the Lark. 
 The Dutch ships were entirely surprised and could 
 only loose their fore topsails, cut their cables, run their 
 ships ashore, and set them on fire. The Commander 
 ordered out the boats, and the English sailors, with 
 their usual celerity, boarded the merchantmen, ex- 
 tinguished the flames, and saved and captured four 
 large ships of over one thousand tons each. On one 
 only, the Middleburgh, the Hames burnt so fiercely that 
 it was found impossible to save her. In fact the English 
 sailors had to retire precipitately from her decks to 
 save themselves from the imminent explosion which 
 blew the vessel into fragments. 
 
hi the Ward Room 47 
 
 Having secured their prizes ami abandoned all 
 attempts upon the Cape Colony, a detachment consisting 
 of the Jupiter, Lark and two other men-of-war was 
 detailed to convey the transports and Indiamen round 
 the Cape, and see them well on their way to Madras. 
 Their return was a difficult and stormy one, and it was 
 with considerable satisfaction that D'Auvergne on the 
 20th of August joined the rest of the fleet at St. Helena, 
 where the Commodore had ordered the rendezvous. 
 
 Here he was greeted with the pleasing intelligence 
 of his promotion to the rank of Master and Commander. 
 Despatches were to be sent to the Admiralty describing 
 the movements and actions of the fleet, and Commodore 
 Johnstone selected the Lark to carry the letters home. 
 
 D'Auvergne not wishing to be the messenger of 
 failure and bad news, and knowing in such circum- 
 stances that he would have a painful interview with 
 his patron Lord Howe, used all his influence with the 
 Commodore to effect an exchange. In this he was 
 successful and the Commodore ordered Commander 
 Clements of the Rattlesnake to exchange commands 
 with him and take home the despatches. At the same 
 time the Rattlesnake was ordered to accompany the 
 Jupiter Captain Pasley, and the Mercury Captain 
 Prescott,* on a cruise along the east coast of South 
 America, and in passing to inspect the island of Trinidad, 
 off {lip, with a view to its fitness for an establishment 
 to recruit and repair the shipping in those seas. 
 
 * Captain Isaac Prescott commanding the Mercury frigate, 
 was the father of Captain, afterwards Admiral, Sir Henry 
 Prescott, G.C.B., who in 1815 married a daughter of 
 DAuvergne. 
 
48 In the Ward Room 
 
 It is difficult to imagine by what reports the Com- 
 modore could have been persuaded to send these ships 
 on such a wild-goose chase. Trinidad, which lies about 
 six hundred miles to the east of Rio de Janeiro, is a 
 black and precipitous islet about two miles long, with- 
 out harbours or any shelter for ships, with the South 
 Atlantic rollers breaking on its inhospitable shores. 
 Totally uninhabited, surrounded by reefs, it is entirely 
 unsuited for any Naval purposes. 
 
 In the year 1700, the great astronomer, Edmund 
 Halley, during his celebrated scientific cruise on board 
 the strangely named sloop, The Paramour Pink, thought 
 it worth his while to hoist the British flag there, when 
 he visited the island ; and he is said to have left some 
 pigs and sheep behind him, which after an unsuccessful 
 struggle for existence succumbed to starvation, or were 
 eaten by the large land crabs which abound on the 
 island, for there were no signs of them when D'Auvergne 
 sojourned there. So the flag was blown to tatters by 
 the winds of Heaven, and no attempt was made to 
 utilize this barren spot, until some wiseacres at home 
 must have stumbled upon an account of Halley's voyage, 
 and roused the interest of the Admiralty in the matter. 
 
 Whilst engaged in prospecting this valuable island, 
 the detachment was visited by a violent storm, the 
 Rattlesnake was driven from her moorings, went ashore 
 and became a total wreck, but the ship's company were 
 fortunately all saved, and encamped on the island. 
 
 The squadron was soon afterwards joined by Com- 
 modore Johnstone, who had shifted his flag on to the 
 Diana frigate. In a singular fit of enthusiasm the 
 Commodore professed to see in Trinidad a valuable 
 
In the Ward Room 49 
 
 possession, in fact, in his despatches to the Admiralty, 
 he describes it as "a jewel fit to adorn the British 
 Crown," and he ordered TVAuvergne and part of his 
 crew to stay there in possession. His conduct at Praya, 
 where without rhyme or reason, he placed Captain 
 Sutton of the Isis under arrest, his vacillation at the 
 Cape, and his strange infatuation about Trinidad, make 
 one suspect that Johnstone was not quite in his right 
 mind. On his return to England his conduct was made 
 the subject of an enquiry, and he was tried by Court 
 Martial. Captain Sutton also brought an action against 
 him for false imprisonment. 
 
 Commodore Johnstone and his squadron sailed away 
 for England leaving D'Auvergne and his ship's company 
 on the Island. It was impossible to disregard the 
 commands of his superior officer, so our unlucky Com- 
 mander could only obey. Was ever officer in more un- 
 fortunate case ? His ship lost and himself abandoned 
 on a desert island ! But he was not the man to be cast 
 down by adversity. Ever sustained by indomitable 
 pluck and self-reliance, he had an intuitive feeling that 
 his star of destiny would lead him to the brilliant 
 future he imagined for himself. The island produced 
 nothing but fuel and water; but from the wreckage of 
 the ill-fated Rattlesnake, temporary shelters were 
 erected for the men, one of the spars was utilized as a 
 flagstaff, and everything was done to secure the comfort 
 of the crew. The strictest disicpline was maintained, 
 and D'Auvergne, both by precept and example, checked 
 the murmurings and dissatisfaction of his men. But 
 weeks and then months rolled by and no relief ap- 
 peared. 
 
50 /;/ the Ward Room 
 
 Trinidad is as uninviting and uncanny a spot as ever 
 shipwrecked sailor was cast upon. A precipitous mass 
 of black, barren rocks, shaken, burnt, and broken to 
 pieces by volcanic fires ; at one time covered by a magni- 
 ficent forest growth, now reduced to dead wood — long 
 since dead, rotten, brittle, which made excellent fire- 
 wood for our unfortunate sailors. In the yellow sands 
 of the beach, lay half buried the rotting timbers of 
 many a gallant ship which had met the same fate as 
 the unlucky Rattlesnake. Fresh water was abundant, 
 but the provisions left by the Commodore were being 
 exhausted, and the castaways were driven to subsist on 
 fish, seafowl, and land crabs. These last were disgust- 
 ing objects ; huge, yellow-faced, voracious, they made 
 life a perpetual nightmare. With an audacity inspired 
 by their size and numbers, they devoured everything 
 they could reach, the provisions, clothes, boots of the 
 sailors, even the very sailors themselves as they slept, 
 unless sentinels had been placed night and day to drive 
 them away. 
 
 We can imagine the weary hours our sailor spent 
 pacing the tropic sands, washed by the melancholy, 
 ever beating surf, watching the curious long-necked 
 frigate birds with their forked tails, whose black bodies, 
 shot with metallic green, glistened in the sunshine as 
 they wheeled round and round over his head. How 
 day after day he ascended to the highest point in the 
 island to scan the horizon, looking for the relief which 
 never came, eating his heart out from the forced in- 
 action and the weary routine of his life. 
 
 In the West Indies, under liodney and Hood, in the 
 East under Sir Edward Hughes, and in Europe under 
 
In the Ward Room 5 I 
 
 Parker, Kempenfeldfc, and oilier gallant Admirals, 
 British sailors were covering themselves with glory in 
 perhaps the most famous period in England's Naval 
 History, whilst apparently forgotten and abandoned, he 
 was left alone on an unknown isle. Months rolled on, 
 and the unfortunate castaways were like to be starved 
 to death. Indeed, the privations D'Auvergne under- 
 went these bitter times undermined his health and laid 
 the foundations of disease. 
 
 On his return home, Commodore Johnstone was so 
 taken up with his own affairs, defending himself from 
 the attacks made upon him for his conduct in Port 
 Praya, and in the action brought against him by 
 Captain Sutton, that he appears to have forgotten the 
 miserable sailors whom he had deserted. Apparently 
 no effort was made to relieve them, and they would 
 have perished but for a lucky accident. H.M.S. 
 Bristol of fifty guns convoying a fleet of Indiamen, and 
 proceeding to reinforce the East Indian Fleet, made the 
 island on her outward voyage on the 28th of December, 
 1782, and the captain, at D'Auvergne's urgent request 
 embarked him and the survivors of his crew, and 
 carried them along to India. 
 
 On his arrival at Madras, D'Auvergne reported him- 
 self to Sir Edward Hughes, the Admiral then in com- 
 mand in the East Indies, who ordered an enquiry to be 
 held into the wreck of the Rattlesnake, and the occupa- 
 tion of Trinidad. Out of this ordeal D'Auvergne came 
 with Hying colours. He was held blameless for the 
 toss of the .ship, and his subsequent conduct was highly 
 approved by his superior officers. His dignified 
 obedience to the unnatural demands of his Commodore, 
 
52 /;/ the* Ward Room 
 
 was regarded as a striking example of discipline in a 
 British officer, and the temper and discretion he showed 
 in persuading the men under him to submit to terrible 
 rigours and privations won admiration for his character 
 as a man. 
 
 The report to the Admiralty was so favourable to 
 D'Auvergne that he received the marked approbation of 
 the King. He was promoted to the rank of Post Captain. 
 
 After D'Auvergne's compulsory sojourn in the island, 
 Trinidad sank back into the obscurity to which it be- 
 longed, but was again dragged into public notice a few 
 years ago by a singular incident. 
 
 The Anglo-Brazilian Telegraph Company were desir- 
 ous of utiliziug the island for a telegraph station, as it 
 lies almost in the direct line between this country and 
 Rio. In January, 1895, the island was visited by 
 H.M.S. Barracouta, when the Union Jack was hoisted, 
 and possession taken in the name of the Queen. A 
 small garrison was left under the command of the 
 gunner, who was temporarily made Governor. At this 
 time our unfortunate dispute with the United States 
 over the Venezuelan Boundary was raging, and the 
 American people pretended to see in our occupation of 
 Trinidad, another instance of our intention to extend 
 our Empire at the expense of the weaker Republics. The 
 Brazilians were also roused by the fancied encroach- 
 ment on to their territory, and amidst much excitement 
 in the House of Representatives, one orator declared 
 that the Brazilians were ready to shed the last drop of 
 their blood, to tear the paw of the British lion from its 
 grasp on the territory of their Republic. We held on, 
 nevertheless. 
 
In the Ward Room 53 
 
 Commander D'Auvergne arrived in India on board 
 the Bristol early in the year 1783, and after his honour- 
 able acquittal by the Court Martial he was a witness of 
 the end of the great duel waged in the East with such 
 varying success between Sir Edward Hughes and M. 
 de Suffren, who was perhaps the greatest sea Captain 
 that France ever produced. Peace was declared 
 between England and France in January, 1783, (but 
 the last Naval action was fought five mouths afterwards 
 in ignorance of that fact) and Admiral de Suffren 
 returned home, to be dismissed unrewarded by his un- 
 grateful country. Despatches describing the final opera- 
 tions of the English fleet were entrusted to DAuvergne 
 to be conveyed to the Board of Admiralty, and he sailed 
 from India in company with the Honourable Colonel 
 Cathcart, bearer of General Stewart's despatches to the 
 East India Company. On their way home they touched 
 at the Cape of Good Hope, where they had the good or 
 ill foi tune to meet the notorious Barras, at that time a 
 Lieutenant in the regiment of Poudicherry. Barras 
 had accompanied his regiment to the Cape : in his 
 memoirs he describes the town as " bancked in by in- 
 accessible rocks, the retreat of all kinds of monkeys," 
 and tells us also how during his stay he made the 
 acquaintance of the celebrated navigator, Captain Cook, 
 who welcomed him in a kindly fashion, and almost per- 
 suaded him to abandon his military career and join 
 him in the exploration of Austral lands. If he had 
 yielded, what a different career had been his ! Barras 
 was even at this time of a restless and insubordinate 
 nature, and gave much trouble to his Colonel, Comte 
 Conway. 
 
54 In the Ward Room 
 
 On his arrival in London in January, 1784, 
 D'Auvergne received his commission as a Post 
 Captain, being then twenty-nine years of age. His 
 advancement in his career had been rapid but well 
 deserved. Doubtless the favour and patronage of 
 Lord Howe had, in days when interest was all power- 
 ful in the Navy, helped him upwards, but by his 
 talents and scientific knowledge lie was evidently 
 far in advance of the majority of Naval officers. 
 Time could not diminish nor discipline smother, a 
 certain spark of a particular sort of energy in him, a 
 feverish desire to get on, such as torments humanity 
 now-a-days. 
 
 All the notices regarding him give one the impression 
 that he was a singularly attractive man. His handsome 
 open countenance, fair hair and blue eyes formed a pass- 
 port to everyone's favour, whilst his intrepidity in 
 action, his resourcefulness in difficulty, and his scien- 
 tific knowledge made him a model amongst his naval 
 compeers. The friendships which he formed during his 
 Naval Service were strong and lasting, and although, 
 like all other successful men, he had to face detraction 
 and calumny, these seemed only to arouse amongst his 
 many friends still greater tokens of esteem and confi- 
 dence. 
 
 After the conclusion of a successful war waged under 
 the auspices of the great Lord Chatham, England was 
 now at peace, having laid the foundation of her present 
 Colonial and Indian Empires, so there was no oppor- 
 tunity for our young Captain to secure further laurels. 
 His health, which had never been strong, had been 
 much impaired by the privations which he had endured 
 
/;/ the Ward Room 55 
 
 on the barren island of Trinidad, so he was advised by 
 his medical attendant to seek change of air and scene 
 on the Continent of Europe. 
 
PART III 
 
 the Steps of tbc ttbronc 
 
PART III 
 
 ON THE STEPS OF THE THRONE 
 
 The Ancient Duchy of Bouillon in the Belgian part 
 of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, lies to the South 
 West of Flanders, just beyond the territory of France. 
 It consists of a well wooded and hilly district in the 
 Ardennes, about one hundred and fifty seven square 
 miles in extent. It was ruled in the olden times by the 
 Holy Bishop of Liege, one of the witnesses to the will 
 of Karl the Great, and afterwards by Godfrey de 
 Bouillon, the great crusader, who, by a series of romantic 
 adventures, became King of Jerusalem. Later on it 
 fell into the hands of the Princes de la Marck, the 
 " "Wild Boars of the Ardennes." It was conquered by 
 France in 1672, and bestowed by Louis XIV, in 1678, 
 upon his Grand Chamberlain, La Tour D'Auvergne. 
 The principal town is Bouillon, situated between the 
 steep hills on the river Semois, dominated by a strong 
 castle on a rock, formerly the residence of the old Dukes 
 of Bouillon. 
 
60 On the Steps of the Throne 
 
 This ancient castle was at one time a place of refuge 
 for Cardinal Mazarin when he had made Paris too hot 
 to hold him, and also a safe retreat for his lovely niece , 
 Marie de Mancini*, where she received her Royal lover 
 as he stole incognito from his camp at d'Aiglemont. 
 Under its sombre shadow Rousseau, poet, romancer, 
 and metaphysician, meditated over his immortal Con- 
 fessions ; Voltaire sharpened his epigrams, and amused 
 himself by watching the drunken revelries of the young 
 Pretender who " donne des coups dcpied cm col a toutes les 
 femmes qu'il rencontre." In latter days this historic 
 fortress was degraded by the first Napoleon to the base 
 uses of a prison. 
 
 The history of the family of La Tour D'Auvergne 
 would be a history of France : its members filled the 
 highest posts in the realm, both military and civil, and 
 the genius of the family culminated in the person of the 
 great Marshal Turenne. Closely allied with the equally 
 noble family of De Rohan, the De La Tour D'Auvergnes 
 represented the highest nobility of Europe : but like so 
 many old families their blood became vitiated and 
 enfeebled by intermarriage and wild living, and in the 
 middle of the 18th century they were gradually dying 
 out from inanition. The family was then represented 
 by Duke Charles Godfrey de la Tour D'Auvergne, who 
 had been blessed with two sons ; but the elder, le Prince 
 de Turenne, the only hope of the family, had been 
 
 *She afterwards married Godfrey Maurice de la Tour, 
 Duke of Bouillon, who built the new Chateau de Navarre. 
 .She was a proud and haughty woman, treating her husband 
 with contempt, and keeping her children and all her 
 relations in absolute subjectiou. 
 
On the Steps of the Throne 6 1 
 
 accidentally killed when only eighteen years old * and 
 the younger, James Leopold, had from his birth been 
 afllicted with a physical infirmity that rendered him 
 little better than a Insus naturae, a burden to himself 
 and his friends. Despite his position, he was early in 
 life most cruelly and unjustifiably married to the 
 Princess Charlotte of Hesse Rein f els, a sensible and 
 accomplished lady : but this inauspicious union ended 
 in mutual dislike and separation, without hope of issue. 
 
 By the death of his son, and the desertion of his wife, 
 the proud Gabrielle de Lorraine, Duke Godfrey found 
 himself alone. To his title, estates, and vast wealth 
 there was no successor except the feeble and imbecile 
 James Leopold. For his personal loneliness he found 
 alleviation in the charms of Madame de Banastre, but 
 his Duchy and people had claims upon him which he 
 must satisfy. In this difficulty the Duke de Bouillon 
 cast his eyes around to discover someone whom, accord- 
 ing to the customs and traditions of his family, he 
 could adopt as his son and successor to his title and 
 immense wealth. 
 
 Adoption was a well-known practice in ancient times. 
 The Caesars, failing their own offspring, transmitted 
 
 * He was buried in the family vault at the entrance of the 
 choir of the Church of St. Taurin. His mother was incon- 
 solable for his loss, aud she erected a monument near his 
 burial place. The mother is there represented in tears, her 
 head resting on a funeral urn, and bearing this inscription, 
 "A la piete filiate." This monument was removed when in 
 1793 St. Taurin was turned into a powder factory, but was 
 restored by the Prince de Rohan in the chapel of the now 
 hospital at Evreux. 
 
62 On the Steps of the Throne 
 
 their thrones in most cases to adopted children : and 
 by a legal fiction the children were presumed to belong 
 to the family which adopted them. A similar custom 
 had been in effect among the Hindoos for hundreds of 
 years, and many of the great families of Europe, in 
 countries where their legal customs have been founded 
 upon Roman law, adoption in default of male issue had 
 been the rule. 
 
 The family of La Tour D'Auvergne had already in 
 former days invoked the aid of this legal fiction to 
 continue its noble line, and the Duke was in the right 
 when he appealed to the customs and traditions of his 
 family as his authority for such a proceeding as he 
 contemplated. Desiring, however, to confine the 
 selection of his successor to one of his own family, he 
 employed a number of learned persons to search 
 amongst the Archives and Records of his ancestors, and 
 also to visit the different localities associated with the 
 history of his house, in the hope that some descendant 
 of the ancient Counts of Auvergne, from whom he him- 
 self claimed descent, might be discovered. He found a 
 zealous co-adjutor in his old tutor the Abbe* Coyer, a 
 learned and industrious scholar, to whom the histories 
 and genealogies of the house in which he had lived had 
 been a life-long study. The Abbe called to his aid a 
 number of Benedictine monks, fit representatives of 
 that learned order, and visited the different towns and 
 chateaux in the provinces whence the family drew its 
 origin, and of which its heads had been feudal sovereigns 
 before the union of the great fiefs to the crown of 
 Prance under Philip Augustus. Libraries were 
 ransacked, records inspected. All that indefatigable 
 
On the Steps of the Throne 63 
 
 industry, and unlimited wealth could achieve was done 
 — not without results. 
 
 Wearied by frequent disappointments, feeling that 
 old age was creeping upon him, and the great question 
 of the succession to his Dukedom and wealth still 
 unsettled, Duke Charles Godfrey de la Tour D'Auvergne, 
 Duke de Bouillon, Comte D'Evreux and of many a 
 grand chateau and fair domain besides, wandered about 
 the great halls of Navarre — disconsolate, waiting for 
 news which never came, for the heir who was apparently 
 for ever denied to him. His anxieties about the 
 succession, and the exhaustive enquiries which he had 
 caused to be made were well-known to the French 
 government who were anxious to help the great noble 
 by any means in their power. 
 
 As we have seen, the saucy Arcthusa on February, 
 1779, after her gallant and indecisive action with the 
 frigate V Aigrette, had been wrecked on the coast of 
 France, and Lieutenant D'Auvergne and his shipmates 
 had been made prisoners of war and locked up in a 
 fortress. The Arethusa had acquired a terrible reputa- 
 tion in French naval circles ; so M. de Sartine, Minister 
 of Marine, was well pleased when he heard of the 
 disaster which had befallen her, and scanned with 
 complaisance the list of British officers and men who 
 had fallen into his hand. Suddenly his eye was 
 arrested by the name of D'Auvergne. Strange coinci- 
 dence! The name was the same as that of the old 
 Duke de Bouillon. So he wrote at once to Navarre 
 informing the Duke of the fact. Excited and interested 
 by the intelligence the Duke requested that he might 
 have an immediate interview with the prisoner 
 
64 On the Steps of the Throne 
 
 D'Auvergne. His request was granted, the young 
 lieutenant was released on his parole, until he could be 
 exchanged in due course, and was permitted to visit 
 the Duke at the Chateau de Navarre, near to Evreux, 
 where he was received as an honoured and welcome 
 guest. 
 
 The Duke informed Philip of the enquiries he had 
 instituted with the view to the discovery of an heir to 
 his title and estates. The Abbe Coyer was summoned 
 to Navarre. His researches had been minute and pro- 
 found, and he submitted to his patron the following 
 results of his discoveries in the genealogy of the ancient 
 Counts of Auvergne from whom Duke Godfrey was 
 descended and to whom he looked as the ancestors of 
 his successor. 
 
 The Counts of Auvergne had been great feudal 
 nobles at ihe time when modern France was split up 
 into numerous lordships or fiefs under the nominal 
 suzerainty of the French king : when Henry of England 
 owned nearly half the kingdom and was a greater man 
 on French soil than the king himself. 
 
 But a great change was impending; Richard I. of 
 England was too busy fighting the Saracens in the 
 Holy Land to attend to his own affairs ; the feeble John, 
 hated by his subjects and excommunicated by the Pope, 
 could offer but futile resistance to the onslaughts of 
 Philip Augustus. The French Crown began to recover 
 its former lustre. Normandy, Anjou and Maine were 
 over-run and conquered ; Poitou and Guienne resisted 
 longer, but the conquest of the first was completed by 
 Louis VIII., and the subjection of the second was 
 only delayed by the crusade against the unfortunate 
 
On the Steps of the Throne 65 
 
 Albigenses. These people, whose religious tenets it is 
 now impossible to define, were denounced by the Pope 
 as enemies to religion and the Church. They were living 
 in the territory and under the protection of the Comte 
 de Toulouse, but Louis called upon his great feudal 
 nobles to assist him in the Crusade, and the first barons 
 of France, amongst them the Counts of Champagne and 
 Auvergne flocked to his standard. 
 
 The Albigenses with their protector, the Count of 
 Toulouse, were wiped out, and Guienne was annexed to 
 the French Crown ; then, too late, the great French 
 barons discovered that the Royal power was in the 
 ascendant, and that if they were not to be swamped by 
 it, they must combine for mutual defence. A great 
 rebellion followed, but repeated humiliations convinced 
 the most refractory barons that the throne was no 
 longer to be shaken. 
 
 The Counts of Auvergne closely allied to the great 
 house of Champagne took their share in the struggle, 
 but fell back crippled and impoverished. At this time, 
 it is said, there was a cadet of Auvergne who in knightly 
 fashion had borne himself gallantly against the heretics, 
 and later on the side of the barons against the king ; 
 in similar knightly guise he had fallen in love with and 
 married a young lady, daughter of the Sieur de Boutet 
 of Aquitaine, a worthy man no doubt, but not of a race 
 whose daughters could mate with the proud Counts of 
 Auvergne. 
 
 Disowned and discarded by his own family on account 
 of his marriage, the young d'Auvergne found a sym- 
 pathising friend in Guillaume des Roches, whom the 
 king of England had created Bishop of Winchester, and 
 
66 On the Steps of the Throne 
 
 who in olden days had been a friend and tutor in the 
 Boutet family. 
 
 The loss of Guienne and Aquitaine drove all the 
 English nobles and ecclesiastics across the channel, and 
 Robert d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Clermont as he was 
 called, exiled from his father's home carried off his 
 young bride, and with his friend the Bishop of Win- 
 chester crossed over to England in the train of the 
 unfortunate English king. 
 
 The Channel islands form part of the diocese of 
 Winchester, and with the good Bishop's assistance 
 Robert de Clermont in 1232 obtained a grant of land 
 in the Island of Jersey, on which he built a chateau 
 and settled therein with his young wife, calling himself 
 by his family name of D'Auvergne. By Mademoiselle 
 de Boutet he had a son whom he christened Thiebault 
 after his maternal uncle Thiebault Count of Champagne, 
 under whose banners he had fought in the Crusade 
 against the Albigenses, and he called his Seigneurie La 
 Thiebault for the same reason. 
 
 From this Robert D'Auvergne and his young wife, 
 Philip D'Auvergne of H.B.M. Navy was said to be 
 the legitimate descendant. Such was the story the 
 Abbe Coyer unfolded. He seems to have believed it 
 himself, so did the Benedictine monks his assessors, so 
 believed Duke Godfrey. After so many years of weary 
 search and fruitless exploration, perhaps they were too 
 ready to be persuaded. 
 
 It would be difficult to imagine the feelings of 
 D'Auvergne at the sudden change in his apparent 
 destiny. He was, as we shall see, always of a sanguine 
 and cheerful disposition ; but even he must have been 
 
On the Steps of the Throne 67 
 
 amazed to find himself transported, as it were in a 
 moment, from the hapless position of a prisoner of war, 
 to the protection and friendship of one of the most 
 powerful nobles of France, lodged in a magnificent 
 chateau, and treated as if he had been a Prince of 
 the Blood. 
 
 There was much about him that would make him 
 acceptable to his new protector. Handsome in feature, 
 young and active in figure, with manners combining 
 the vivacity of a Frenchman with the fearlessness and 
 open bearing of an Englishman ; speaking French with 
 the fluency of a native, he at once won the heart of 
 the Duke, to whose childless, or worse than childless, 
 old age he seemed as if by a miracle to have been sent. 
 No doubt the charm of his appearance and manners, 
 and the fatal adaptability, which was at once his 
 greatest weapon in life and his greatest danger, helped 
 to confirm the researches of the learned Abbe and his 
 colleagues, and convinced Duke Godfrey that he had 
 found at last a worthy successor to his titles and wealth. 
 
 It was asserted in later days by his enemies that, by 
 the charm of his appearance, manners and conversation, 
 D'Auvergne cajoled the old Duke and obtained adoption 
 as his heir ; but it must be remembered that up to 
 this time, the Lieutenant had been entirely ignorant of 
 the researches which were being made for the missing 
 heir. Indeed it was not until 1786, six years later, 
 when the Duke's commissioners made their final 
 report, that the chain of evidence was considered 
 complete, and Philip's adoption fully accomplished. 
 
 The Duke de Bouillon was not only a prince of high 
 position and lineage, but he was a man of vast wealth. 
 
68 On the Steps of the Tlwone 
 
 His Chateau of Navarre was situated near the ancient 
 city of Evreux, and surrounded by the great forest of 
 the same name. The ancient family of the Comtes 
 d'Evreux (of which the English noble race of Devereux 
 was an offshoot) had become extinct in 1584, when their 
 fief had reverted to the Crown. It remained in Itoyal 
 hands until 1652, when Louis XIV granted it to the 
 Due de Bouillon, in exchange for the principality of 
 Sedan, so the succeeding princes became Counts of 
 Evreux, instead of Dukes of Sedan. 
 
 The old Chateau had originally been a Royal residence, 
 having been built in the middle of the thirteenth 
 century by Jeaune heiress of Navarre, and of the 
 ancient Counts of Champagne, ancestors of the Dukes 
 of Bouillon, and wife of Philip le Bel, King of France. 
 In remembrance of her dearly beloved country, she 
 gave the name of Navarre to the castle that she built 
 in the valley of the I ton, amidst the cider orchards of 
 fair Normandy. The courtyard of the old castle ofttime 
 resounded under the tread of war horses and mailed 
 warriors during the reigns of the French Kings, succes- 
 sors of the original Chatelaine. Here Charles VII held 
 high festival, accompanied by the lovely Agnes Sorel 
 and the gallant Dunois, and historic legends tell us that 
 the ill-fated Jeanne d'Arc passed a night within its 
 walls. 
 
 When the lordship of Evreux changed hands, and 
 the Due de Bouillon became possessor of the domain, 
 the old castle was levelled to the ground, and the 
 foundations of the present edifice, on the same site, were 
 laid in 1079. Here successive Dukes of Bouillon, 
 Counts of Evreux lived and reumed, until the time of 
 
On the Steps of the Throne 69 
 
 the lie volution, when Dukes and Counts were declared 
 enemies of the French Nation, when aristocratic heads 
 were falling like autumn leaves under the sharp edge of 
 Dr. Guillotine's national razor, and ancient seigneuries 
 which had been in their possessors' hands since the 
 Crusades were confiscated as national property * 
 
 By a curious incident the Chateau of Navarre was 
 granted by Napoleon, when he represented the French 
 nation, to his wife Josephine, after her divorce ; so a 
 parvenue Empress, the Creole widow Beauharnais, held 
 her rowdy Court in the halls which had resounded to 
 the tread of Turenne, and on the same spot where proud 
 Jeanne of France and Navarre had ruled and smiled. 
 
 The Chateau erected by the celebrated Mansard was 
 an immense house of no great architectural beauty. 
 Built of stone, with large windows and surmounted by 
 an ill-shaped dome, its great height in proportion to its 
 length, gave it an awkward and top-heavy appearance. 
 It was placed in the centre of the domain ; commanding 
 lovely views over the valley of the Iton, whose crystal 
 waters fed the numerous lakes which surrounded the 
 Chateau. 
 
 The great square massive building arose from a 
 terrace of stone, eight or ten feet above the level of the 
 esplanade. Four entrances corresponding to the four 
 cardinal points were reached by flights of stone steps. 
 Each doorway led into a vestibule, supported by four 
 columns ; paved with marble, adorned with statuary 
 
 * It was whilst he was at Navarre as guest of the Due de 
 Bouillon that Charles Edward, the Pretender, wrote to his 
 father apprising him of his intention to embark for Scotland. 
 This letter is dated June 12th, 1745. 
 
jo On the Steps of the Throne 
 
 and mirrors. Each vestibule led into the great central 
 hall surmounted by the vast dome — the Hall of the 
 Guards — rich in painting and sculpture ; paved with 
 marble, enriched with busts of the twelve Ceasars, and 
 mosaic tables, and hung with tapestry, flags, and por- 
 traits. Under the great dome ran a cornice, bravely 
 painted with the escutcheons of the great house of La 
 Tour D'Auvergne, and other devices of great beauty. 
 All was vast, cold, and stately. 
 
 Numerous rooms spread from vestibule to vestibule, 
 each more splendid than the other with Gobelin tapestry, 
 lustres of crystal, silk brocades, Venetian mirrors, 
 Japanese porcelain. To the west of the great Chateau 
 spread in a vast quadrangle the coach-houses and stables, 
 the aviaries and menagerie, the orangery and gardens. 
 
 With princely magnificence and insouciance the 
 Duke de Bouillon had absorbed the little village of 
 St. Germain de Navarre into his grounds, surrounding it 
 with the Elysium which he created and called It * 
 Jar din d'Hcbe; where great hot-houses arose filled with 
 rare exotics, surrounded by ornamental waters filled 
 with gold aud silver fish. In the midst of the garden 
 stood a pavilion furnished and decorated with Oriental 
 splendour, and hung with bright and lascivious paint- 
 ings. The genus loci was represented by a lovely 
 marble statue of the Goddess of Youth, a masterpiece, 
 
 * Lejardin d Hebe was divided into groups of trees, green 
 alleys, and marble basins of water, fed by cascades, in the 
 midst of which rose the pavilion. In different parts of the 
 garden were placed statues in white marble. Adam and Eve, 
 Mercury, Hebe herself and Bacchus. (Le 2^'oces verbal aux 
 archives de VEure.) 
 
On the Steps of the Throne yi 
 
 whose white beauties, gleaming amidst the green 
 foliage, had often startled the young peasants, like the 
 fauns of old, discovering a nymph of the woods stepping 
 into her bath. 
 
 On the extreme left of the terrace stood the Little 
 Chateau which was erected by the Duke de Bouillon 
 to accommodate Louis XV, his old schoolfellow, and 
 Madame de Pompadour on their visit to Navarre. It 
 is said to have been built, decorated, and furnished in 
 fifty days, which if true was certainly a tour deforce. 
 Here, in 1749, His Majesty accompanied, according to 
 the ancient custom of the Kings of France, by his 
 mistresses, the Marquises de Pompadour, d'Estrades and 
 de Livry, spent days of feasting and revelry. The 
 haughty Marie Charlotte de Sobieski, Duchess of 
 Bouillon, disdained to preside over such a licentious 
 court, at which the ladies of the county of Evreux 
 were only allowed by their husbands to appear disguised 
 and masked. 
 
 It were tedious to describe the many attractions and 
 surprises which met the visitor at every turn — the 
 Chinese kiosk — the Ilocaille bridge — the artificial rocks 
 and waterfalls, the serpentine valley. All have now 
 vanished — destroyed by the burning waves issuing from 
 the volcano of revolution. 
 
 The great charm of the Chateau as a residence lay in 
 its situation and surroundings. The forest of Evreux 
 which served as a park to the Mansion was of vast 
 extent, nearly one hundred thousand acres of woodland 
 and stream, rich in venerable oaks, beeches, and dark 
 green pines, and abounding with game of every 
 description. Numerous drives and rides intersected the 
 
72 On the Steps of the Throne 
 
 lordly forest, so that its proud possessor could traverse 
 it for miles and miles without outstepping his own 
 domain. Through its bosky dells the brilliant Court of 
 the Yalois had in olden days swept in pursuit of the 
 fugitive stag; and perchance, under the shade of its 
 trees the fair Marguerite of Navarre, near the Chateau 
 of her name, had meditated her immortal Heptameron, 
 that collection of amusing and licentious adventures. 
 
 Although the Chateau itself was not architecturally 
 beautiful, it was impressive from its very bulk and the 
 dignity of its environs. Long avenues and noble trees, 
 great lakes haunted by shy aquatic birds, beautiful 
 cascades formed by fine clear water running in canals 
 added to its attractions. The streams of water had 
 been diverted and combined by Le Notre for the 
 purpose of producing a charming meandering river in 
 the private park, immediately surrounding the Chateau, 
 and an island in its course was called l'isle d'amour* 
 On this island, in the midst of the stream, had been 
 erected a temple of a splendid but rather incongruous 
 architecture, decorated internally with a quaint but 
 
 * When Francis I, with a brilliant entourage, was hunting 
 at Navarre, one of the ladies of the Court fatigued by the 
 chase dismounted and reposed upon a grassy bank, where 
 an ami of the Iton formed a sort of islet shaded by enormous 
 trees. On a sudden a hind pursued by the hunters leaped 
 the river and fell exhausted at the feet of the fair huntress, 
 as if envoking her protection. And not in vain : the hounds 
 were whipped of, and the poor timid creature saved by the 
 lady's intercession. The fair huntress was Francoise de Foix, 
 Countess of Chateau briant, chief mistress for the time being 
 of the King, who finding this spot a charming place for an 
 amorous rendezvous, named it L' Isle dAraour. 
 
On the Steps of the Throne 73 
 
 gorgeous splendour ; great hollow pillars of blue crystal, 
 in which countless lights weie introduced, exhibited 
 the most fanciful and pleasing effect; paintings in 
 fresco by the most celebrated masters, and splendid 
 statues heightened its beauties, and rendered the spot 
 worthy of the god to whom it was dedicated. 
 
 The immediate approach to the Grand Chateau was 
 by a succession of terraces encumbered, rather than 
 adorned, by groups of statuary ; huge gates of hammered 
 iron surmounted by ancient lanterns admitted the visitor 
 to the courtyard ; and the whole aspect of the domain 
 was pleasing, majestic and baronial. 
 
 An amusing description of Navarre is to be found in 
 the letters of Maria Josepha Holroyd who visited the 
 Chateau some years after D'Auvergne's first visit, and 
 when he was residing with the Duke as his adopted 
 son. Writing from Navarre she says : 
 
 Chateau de Navarre, 
 June, 1791. 
 
 We were told at Rouen that the Chateau de Navarre was 
 the most magnificent place in France, and that the Prince 
 de Bouillon was remarkably fond of the English, and would 
 be very ready to let us see it. We thought it a desirable 
 thing to see a French country house inhabited, but did not 
 know to what a degree hospitality was carried in his chateau. 
 We arrived here at eight o'clock last night, and sent in to 
 know if it was permit to see the house. We were announced 
 to the Duke, and he came out to us, and insisted on our 
 coming in, though we would have made our retreat, on 
 finding that he was in his Salon, with a great deal of 
 company. Figure to yourself the dismay we were in at 
 being shown into the room, introduced to Madame de 
 Bouillon, and obliged to figure across with everybody 
 
 5 
 
74 On the Steps of the Throne 
 
 standing up and in our travelling dresses. The Duke is a 
 fine venerable old man, who for his sins has been married 
 two years to a very pretty young woman, who is now only 
 sixteen. It is January and May to the life. Her mother lives 
 in the house and takes the lead. 
 
 The Duke insisted on our staying all night. He lives in a 
 princely style — indeed he is a Prince ; but that is not always 
 the rule. The Forest D'Evreux, close to his house, belongs 
 to him and contains 80,000 acres, and is the finest wood I 
 have seen yet : we drove about in it to-day for three hours. 
 There was before the Revolution great plenty of game of all 
 kinds which since the Nation has become free, have all been 
 destroyed by the common people. Even the swans upon the 
 water in front of the house have been killed : much wood in 
 the forest cut down, and a great many trees have the bark 
 cut round, out of pure malice and are entirely dead. Evreux 
 belongs to the Duke ; it was given in exchange for Sedan. 
 He has but one son, and he is an imbecile, so he has adopted 
 one of a different branch of his family le Corate D'Auvergne. 
 He is a complete Englishman, and is in the English Service. 
 It is impossible to be more hospitable than the Duke is, and 
 he is universally beloved all round the country. I have not 
 time to enter into details of their manner of living, the only 
 very striking difference from English manners is the break- 
 fast ; roast fowls, beefsteaks, spinage and soup. This was 
 our breakfast and though we poor English were allowed tea, 
 the smell of hot victuals was intolerable. We dined at four 
 o'clock ; twenty-three people at dinner, twenty-four footmen 
 and ten men cooks. Servants take vails and have no wages. 
 
 Paris, July 5th, 1791. 
 
 We left the Chateau de Navarre yesterday morning, much 
 pleased with our reception. The Duke's manners are quit e 
 of the Vielle Cow, and very engaging. We were taken out 
 on Sunday morning to the Forest, which has rides cut in 
 it several leagues in length, in two carriages they call 
 "Une Caleche," open all round, covered at top, and drawn 
 by six of the most beautiful black horses I ever saw, one set 
 
On the Steps of the Throne 75 
 
 with long tails, the others without. We left Navarre at 9 
 o'clock, dined at Nantes, drank tea at St. Germaines, and 
 arrived at Paris at 9. 
 
 Paris, July, 1791. 
 
 We wound up our expedition by visiting the Hotel de 
 P»ouillon. The good old Duke wrote to his steward to show 
 us the house, and I supposed told hiui not to take anything, 
 for he refused two crowns which papa offered him over and 
 over again. The Duke has not been in Paris for several 
 years, but part of his family sometimes come there. He has 
 several fine pictures and some very rare : Agnes Soiel, the 
 only original picture of her, painted after her death. She 
 would not suffer herself to be painted during her lifetime. 
 An original of the great Turenne, which the Duke will not 
 allow to be moved, two fine Claude Lorraines, and some 
 Teniers. They showed us the cup that Henri IV used to 
 drink the health of "La belle Gabrielle " out of, a set of 
 breakfast china belonging to Madam de Pompadour, two 
 china cups set in silver, given to Louis XIV by the Senate 
 of Venice, and that Madame de Pompadour begged of him. 
 After her death, Bouillon's father bought them of her heirs.' 
 
 The young lady who welcomed Miss Holroyd to 
 Navarre was the youthful wife whom the old Duke, 
 perhaps with some wild idea of obtaining an heir to 
 his title and estates, had married in 1789. Marie 
 Francoise Henriette de Banastre was the daughter of 
 Madame de Banastre the old Duke's mistress. Despite 
 the opposition of the Bishop and Chapter of Evreux, 
 and the natural reluctance of the young and lovely girl 
 herself, this ill-assorted couple were united in the 
 private chapel at Navarre by a priest from Rouen. 
 The bride was fourteen, and the bridegroom sixty-one 
 years of age. 
 
 During his stay at Navarre, the Duke questioned the 
 
y6 On the Steps of the Throne 
 
 young Lieutenant with regard to his family, and 
 listened to his replies with intense interest. The 
 old peer gazed wistfully at the young man before 
 him, thinking sadly of his own gallant hoy, the Prince 
 du Turenne, who had come to such a premature end, 
 and of his other offspring, ill-formed in mind and body, 
 through whom there could be no hope of succession, 
 and he writhed when he thought that the possessions 
 of his house should descend to the de Eohans or de 
 Tremouilles whom he hated. His heart yearned 
 towards the young sailor. He treated him with 
 paternal solicitude. D'Auvergne was deeply impressed 
 by his kindness, and the respect which all the retainers 
 at Navarre, taking their cue, no doubt, from the Duke, 
 showed to hiui. 
 
 After so many years of vain researcb, an heir had at 
 last been found. The old Duke, stimulated by his dis- 
 covery, was up and doing; to obtain further informa- 
 tion about his newly found relative, he crossed the 
 Channel and travelled post haste to London. 
 
 In his letter of thanks to the French Government, 
 and the efforts which he made for the relief and exchange 
 of Lieutenant D'Auvergne, the Duke revealed his belief 
 that he had discovered the heir for whom he had been 
 so long in search, and so enlightened the King and the 
 Court of France as to the brilliant prospects which 
 were opening before the young Englishman. Under 
 such circumstances, the French Government made the 
 most tempting offers to D'Auvergne to induce him to 
 abandon the service of his country and enrol himself 
 under the French flag. He was, however, true to his 
 salt : his loyalty and devotion to his profession again 
 
On the Steps of the Throne 77 
 
 prevailed with him, and he firmly refused all offers 
 made to him. Proud of being an Englishman, an 
 Englishman he would remain, nay if the possession of 
 the whole Duchy of Bouillon depended upon expatria- 
 tion, he would refuse the sacrifice. He preferred the 
 hard life of an English naval officer, and, as we have 
 seen, as the reward of duty, endured hard fighting, 
 shipwreck, and privation. 
 
 When he returned to England from India, in 
 January, 1784, he met the old Duke de Bouillon, who 
 had been anxiously awaiting his arrival in London, 
 having satisfied himself after long and careful research 
 that in Captain D'Auvergne he had found the kinsman 
 whom he could adopt as his son and successor. By 
 a formal act of adoption, executed in 1784, Philip 
 D'Auvergne, Captain in His Majesty's Navy, was 
 acknowledged by the Duke as his adopted son, and a 
 memorandum of the fact was, by his orders, engraved 
 on the plinth of a bronze bust of the great Turenne 
 which he presented to his new relation. 
 
 The inscription read as follows : 
 
 Turenne 
 Donne a Philippe D'Auvergne C.D.V.A.S.D.L.G.B. 
 
 Par Godfrey, Due de Bouillon 
 Chef de la maison en temoij<nage de sa tendre amitie 
 Pour sou fils adoptive 
 MDCCLXXX1V. 
 
 The Duke joined to this present a MS. Bible of the 
 greatest beauty, which was the work of the Benedictine 
 monks in the 14th century. This MS. had been 
 given by King John of France to his son the Due de 
 Berri, Count of Boulogne and D'Auvergne in 1361. 
 
78 On the Steps of the Throne 
 
 The paintings in the volume were of the most perfect 
 type of French miniature art of the first half of the 
 14th century, and were executed for Bonne de 
 Luxembourg, wife of King John. The arms of the 
 Queen impaling those of France were illuminated at 
 the bottom of each page. This precious book was 
 stolen some years afterwards from D'Auvergne's library 
 during his residence in Jersey. 
 
 The Duke showed a parental and affectionate interest 
 in Captain D'Auvergne's impaired health, begged him 
 to follow him to the Continent, and offered him a 
 father's care ; but circumstances prevented the accept- 
 ance of this offer until the following year. However, 
 in the autumn of 1784, D'Auvergne crossed the Channel 
 and travelled about some time in search of health and 
 amusement. But his love of study never waned ; he 
 took advantage of every opportunity for mental im- 
 provement ; attended lectures at more than one German 
 University, and obtained the degree of LL.D. in the 
 following year. After a year's travel and study in 
 France and Germany he passed over into Normandy 
 and visited his adopted father, with whom he spent the 
 winter at the Chateau de Navarre, where he was treated 
 with the greatest honour and affection as the expected 
 successor of the Dukedom. 
 
 On his return from India in January, 1784, Captain 
 D'Auvergne was acknowledged as we have seen, by the 
 Due de Bouillon as his cousin and was adopted as his 
 son and eventual heir. The Commissioners under the 
 Abbe Coyer having handed in their report, in 1786 
 letters patent under the Great Seal of the Duchy of 
 Bouillon and the Duke's personal signature were issued 
 
On the Steps of the Throne ?Q 
 
 on the 30th of August of that year, acknowledging the 
 descent of Charles D'Auvergne, Esq. and Major General 
 D'Auvergne, his younger brother, father and uncle of 
 Captain D'Auvergne, from the ancient Counts of 
 Auvergne — theirs and the Dukes common ancestors ; 
 also confirming to them their common armorial bearings, 
 and acknowledging them as cousins. 
 
 A man cannot have two fathers, so before the gallant 
 Captain could be adopted by the Duke, it was necessary 
 that his own father should renounce all authority over 
 him and surrender his patria potestas. So a formal act 
 of renunciation was drawn up, the execution of which, 
 according to the old feudal laws must be witnessed by 
 six knights or gentlemen entitled to bear coat armour, 
 and transmitted to Charles D'Auvergne, Esq., who 
 collecting together the six greatest notables of Jersey, 
 doubtless armigeri if not knights, in their presence 
 signed the document which made him childless in the 
 eyes of the law. 
 
 The Duke addressed a respectful letter to his "cousin," 
 the King of England, declaring his intentions with regard 
 to Captain D'Auvergne. The King replied through 
 Lord Sidney, one of the Secretaries of State, that what- 
 ever the Duke might do for Captain D'Auvergne would 
 meet with His Majesty's gracious assent and approval, 
 which gracious assent was published in the London 
 Gazette, January, 1797, and also registered in the 
 College of Arms in the same month. By the King's 
 command the Earl Marshal of England, through the 
 College of Arms, had granted permission to Philip 
 D'Auvergne, to bear the arms of De la Tour D'Auvergne, 
 Prince de Bouillon. In the azure shield of France, 
 
8o On the Steps of the Throne 
 
 sown with fleurs-de-lys, firm stands the white tower of 
 Auvergne, the ancient stronghold of his race — the men 
 of the Tower (de la Tour) who made a name for them- 
 selves amongst their fellows, a name which was to 
 resound through the fair field of France on which it 
 rested ; quartering the red gonfalon tagged with green 
 of Auvergne to distinguish the province in which the 
 tower was situated. On a white shield of pretence, 
 borne in pride of place, named the broad red fesse of 
 Bouillon, and encircling the whole blazon the proud 
 motto and war cry of his race " Nous ne changeons 
 jamais." Firm as our argent Tower, true to the fair 
 field of France we never change : some may desert their 
 King, others may be faithless to their salt, but we 
 remain the same ; landmarks may be swept away, 
 revolutions and rebellions may come and go but nous 
 ne changeons jamais. It needed no kingly grant, no 
 herald's college to impress those words upon Philip's 
 heart ; they were the natural embodiment of his loyal 
 spirit. 
 
 Monseigneur, His Highness Philippe D'Auvergne, 
 Prince Successor, surrounded by obsequious courtiers 
 and bowing lackeys, must have recalled with a some- 
 what grim amusement his recent experiences in Praya 
 roads, and on the desert strand of Trinidad ; but pomp 
 and grandeur never seemed to turn his head, and it 
 was in reality a relief to him to escape from his semi- 
 royal surroundings, and pace again his own little quarter 
 deck, in the stern position of a British naval captain. 
 
 During his frequent visits to Navarre he was intro- 
 duced to many of the great nobles and illustrious 
 savants of France. Amongst others to the Due 
 
On the Steps of the Throne 8 1 
 
 d'Orleans, who afterwards became so conspicuous in the 
 French Revolution. Both by birth, predilection, and 
 profession Captain D'Auvergne was an enemy to all 
 extremes and revolutionary sentiment, so the ideas and 
 aspirations of d'Oi leans and his fraternity only filled 
 him with contempt and disgust and precluded either 
 esteem or intimacy. 
 
 After enjoying the Duke's princely hospitality for 
 some months, he returned to England early in 1786, 
 but being invited by Lord Sydney, recently ambassador 
 to France, to accompany him in a tour through the 
 western provinces of that country, he left England 
 again in the spring of the same year. Many months 
 were passed by Lord Sydney and his young friend in 
 pleasant travel : many interesting places were visited, 
 and our hero had the honour of being presented at 
 Fontainbleau to Louis XVI and the lovely Marie 
 Antoinette. Little could D'Auvergne imagine, as he 
 made his obeisance before that radiant Queen, that in a 
 few short years, she would see from the window of her 
 prison the bleeding head of her dearest companion, the 
 ill-fated Princess de Lamballe, borne past on the end of 
 a pike, and her husband and king carried out to a 
 shameful death : or that he himself would, later on, 
 gaze out of the same windows in the same prison, a 
 victim of French tyranny and oppression. From 
 Fontainbleau he journeyed with Lord Sydney across 
 the Low Countries to Brussels, the home of his ancestors, 
 from whence Godfrey de Bouillon had set out to 
 conquer Jerusalem. They spent most of the winter in 
 the gay Belgian capital, and returned to England in 
 1787. 
 
82 On the Steps of the Throne 
 
 On the 18th of May, 1786, during his absence in 
 Europe, Captain D'Auvergne had been elected a fellow 
 of the Royal Society. His certificates describe him as 
 " Philip D'Auvergne, Captain of the Royal Navy, a 
 gentleman distinguished for his knowledge of many 
 branches of science, particularly mathematics." His 
 scientific knowledge which was thus publicly 
 acknowledged was repeatedly exercised for the benefit 
 of his profession. His letters on the improvement of 
 sea compasses were published in a pamphlet, London, 
 1789. A letter of his dated, "Narcissus, 13th of May, 
 1788," says he ordered a set of compasses to be con- 
 structed for H.R.H. Prince William Henry,* which were 
 received a few days before his leaving the Prince at 
 Plymouth, and that H.R.H. had approved highly of them ; 
 and he makes certain suggestions to McCullock, the 
 maker, for their improvement. He had been appointed 
 to the command of the Narcissus frigate, which he had 
 accepted for the purpose as he reports to the Admirality: 
 " Of improving myself and several young officers who 
 embarked with me in professional knowledge, and I 
 made the resolution to prove as far as in my power all 
 such experiments as should be communicated to me, 
 whose results, if favourable, would tend to throw light, 
 or add any improvement to marine service." 
 
 With this end in view he got a complete set of 
 McCullock's improved compass i.e. an azimuth compass, 
 a steering compass, and two lesser ones. " The steering 
 compass," he says, " has been kept in one of the binnacles 
 on the quarter-deck of the Narcissus and compared with 
 the others ; its practical superiority has been manifested 
 * Afterwards King William IV. 
 
On the Steps of the Throne 83 
 
 to the satisfaction of all the officers of the ship on all 
 general occasions, and on many particular ones ; one of 
 which I shall mention here : sailing through the Eace 
 of Alderuey in a storm of N.E. wind in December, 1787, 
 against the flood tide, the ship sailing at the rate of 
 eleven miles 011 the surface, and scarcely making any 
 headway by the land, the sea as will be readily con- 
 cluded by naval judgments was of an awful height, and 
 so extremely irregular that the motion is indescribable. 
 None of the compasses of Mr. Adam's or Dr. Knight's 
 construction would stand (in the sea phrase), but 
 vacillated more than four points on each side of the 
 pole; at this time Mr. McCullock's steering compass 
 readily recovered the vacillations communicated to 
 it by the motion of the ship, and the shocks of the sea, 
 pointing with very little variation to its pole, in a 
 manner to command the admiration of ail that were 
 within reach to observe it, and to win the confidence of 
 the most timorous. 
 
 "I acknowledge myself that I would have put the 
 highest trust in it, had a fog or thick weather come 
 on in the critical situation we were in ; whilst the 
 compasses supplied from His Majesty's stores were 
 only fit to convey alarm, and inspire anxiety and 
 doubt." He concluded by saying that the only objec- 
 tion to the compass was, that in almost calm weather 
 it rather wanted susceptibility to return to its pole 
 when the ship yawed about. An objection to be removed, 
 by charging the bar with a little more magnetism. 
 
 Ever greedy for the acquisition of useful knowledge, 
 he took advantage of his position to visit the principal 
 French ports in Normandy and Brittany. At this 
 
84 On the Steps of the Throne 
 
 time the French Government were expending vast 
 sums in improving and fortifying the harbour of Cher- 
 bourg ; but in his reports to the Admiralty D'Auvergne 
 expressed himself as doubtful of the stability of the 
 work ; an opinion which was quickly verified, as in the 
 following year the works which were being carried out 
 were entirely destroyed by a violent gale of wind, and 
 the whole project was abandoned. In 1790 he was 
 compelled by ill health to resigu the command of his 
 ship, and in response to the most urgent appeal from 
 the Duke de Bouillon, who was much alarmed at the pro- 
 gress of revolutionary ideas in France, he went across 
 to Normandy and took up his abode at Navarre with 
 the Duke. 
 
 It became evident to D'Auvergne that the country 
 was becoming too hot to hold him. The Duke, himself, 
 one of the greatest nobles of France, was impotent to 
 protect him. The beautiful forest of Evreux was 
 entered by bands of marauding sansculottes who shot 
 his deer and hares, cut down his trees and burnt his 
 underwood. His orchards were pillaged and the very 
 swans and rare water-fowl on the ornamental lakes 
 were destroyed and eaten by these ruffians. The 
 aqueducts were broken so that the water spread around 
 the house, turning the beautiful park into a pestilential 
 morass. To be an aristocrat was to be a suspect, 
 suspicion led quickly to arrest, and from the prison it 
 was only a step to the guillotiue. 
 
 Owing to its contiguity to the French frontier, 
 Bouillon had for some time been favoured by the atten- 
 tion of the French Jacobins. Emissaries had been 
 actively at work undermining the loyal sentiments of 
 
On the Steps of the Throne 85 
 
 the people, and trying to detach them from their peaceful 
 submission to their ancient dukes. Revolutionary 
 doctrines were spreading, the Council became alarmed, 
 and knowing that the reigning duke was an old man, 
 and his only son an incurable imbecile, they urged upon 
 their sovereign the necessity for taking some immediate 
 steps to settle the succession to his throne upon a firm 
 basis, before the storm which they apprehended burst 
 upon them. Alarmed for his country's safety the 
 Chancellor of the Duchy on the 18th of February, 1791, 
 summoned the Assemble Generate to meet in the old 
 hall of the Castle of Bouillon, and unfolded to them the 
 serious state of affairs and the necessity for immediate 
 action. After much consultation the Assembly 
 " Considering that His Highness, Monseigneur the 
 Prince, son of His Serene Highness, actually reigning 
 and his successor in the sovereignty has no issue, and 
 partaking of a desire formed unanimously by all classes 
 in the Duchy to settle the uncertainty which might 
 arise as to the order of succession in the sovereignty, 
 and to avert the troubles and misfortune which might 
 be occasioned thereby," decreed amongst other things 
 that " in the present circumstances, knowing nil that is 
 owned of respect, love, gratitude and confidence to His 
 Serene Highness the Duke, prays him to determine at 
 this time and without regard to degree, to which branch 
 of his house hi! intends to convey the sovereignty in 
 case of the decease of the Prince, his son, without 
 legitimate offspring," and asking him at once 10 choose 
 and designate a Prince "of the same benevolent 
 sentiments as himself." 
 
 These articles were sanctioned by the Duke .and 
 
86 On the Steps of the Throne 
 
 became a Constitutional Decree. In reply to this the 
 Duke from his Chateau of Navarre issued his declaration 
 on the 25th of June, 1791. "Godfrey, by the Grace of 
 God, Duke of Bouillon, to the inhabitants of the Dnchy 
 of Bouillon, Greeting, Liberty, Protection, and Happi- 
 ness." This was evidently a counterblast to the 
 Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity of the French 
 Republicans. Desirous of settling the uncertainty of 
 the succession, the Duke declares in formal style " that 
 His Highness, Monseigneur Philip D'Auvergne, Captain 
 of ships of the first rank in the service of His Britannic 
 Majesty, Member of the Royal Society of London, lawful 
 son of their Highnesses Charles D'Auvergne our well 
 beloved cousin, recognized by our diploma of the 30th 
 of August, 1786, as being descended equally with 
 ourselves from the Royal house of Auvergne, and 
 of Dame Elizabeth Le Geyt his first wife, is he whom 
 our heart in accordance with our reason has chosen to 
 be Prince Successor in our Sovereignty of the Duchy 
 of Bouillon, in the moment when we were most strongly 
 wrought upon by the desire to settle forever the 
 welfare of the people confided to our trust. 
 
 " Declaring that their permanent happiness is the 
 sole end we have before us, we believe in calling to 
 the Sovereignty His Highness Monseigneur Philip 
 DAuvergnethat we are offering it to the most worthy ; 
 that we have been less affected by the merit of his 
 military exploits which endear him to his country and 
 worthy of belonging to the blood of Turenne, than by 
 the honesty of his soul and the purity of his principles; and 
 less decided by the attainments and brilliant gifts of his 
 mind, than by the sterling virtues that ennoble his heart. 
 
On the Stcf>s of the Throne 87 
 
 " We declare that filled fur a long time past by the 
 deepest esteem for him and a well reasoned affection, 
 we hasten to still farther strengthen the tie already 
 formed by blood by reviving in his favour the ancient 
 usage of Adoption by means of which he becomes and 
 takes the rank of our adopted son." 
 
 In continuation he then settles the succession on his 
 son James Leopold and his heirs male, and failing them 
 on His Highness Monseigneur Philip D'Auvergne and 
 his heirs male, of whom he says, " Penetrated by the 
 principles of a Constitution which makes men free and 
 renders them happy, animated by the same sentiments 
 of justice, benevolence and humanity of which we 
 ourselves have made profession, enriched by a wealth 
 of knowledge gained by study and reflection, I expect 
 from the uprightness of the principles of his said 
 Highness, Monseigneur Philip D'Auvergne, as from his 
 personal friendship that he will direct all his efforts 
 towards the end we have in view, in calling him to 
 reign, or rather in conferring happiness on a small 
 nation well worthy to enjoy it." 
 
 The Prince Hereditaire, by a Declaration dated Paris, 
 5th July, 1791, approves and ratifies the disposition and 
 nomination of his father. 
 
 These declarations were sent to Bouillon and on the 
 4th of August a solemn meeting of the Assembly was 
 held in the hall of the Castle, that hall which had 
 seen so many and romantic proceedings; which the 
 ghosts of the old rulers of the province might be 
 thought to haunt — Old Godfrey, the Crusader King, the 
 wild Princes de la Marck, savage as the wolves of the 
 Ardennes — surrounded by those relies of feudalism 
 
88 On the Steps of the Throne 
 
 which were so soon to pass into limbo. The children 
 of the Re volution were knocking at the door and could 
 not he denied entrance, whilst the confirmation of the 
 succession of the last Duke of Bouillon of the old blood 
 of Auvergne was being decreed. All must perish ; for 
 the last time were those senators assembled for such a 
 purpose — The Dukedom, the throne, the very castle, 
 the halls of justice, the ancient archives were soon to 
 perish in flames of fire, and nothing survive but an 
 empty title and the traditions of a great name. 
 
 The roll of Senators was completed, the Decrees and 
 Declarations had been read, when M. Pirson rose to 
 address the house. Speaking of the new Prince 
 Successor, with a fortunate ignorance of what was soon 
 to happen to his unhappy country, he said, " He it is who 
 will head the line of Dukes who will reign over our 
 country. May this branch never prove unworthy of 
 the trunk which produced it. All indicates to the 
 contrary, Messieurs, that the trunk may be proud of 
 having begotten it, and that we shall all have to 
 congratulate ourselves on finding ourselves under its 
 shade. On two days at Navarre I saw Prince Philip 
 D'Auvergne ; it is not in two days that one knows 
 princes : but the choice of His Serene Highness whose 
 sentiments and opinions we know worthy of all praise 
 speaks sufficiently. However, Messieurs, I cannot deny 
 myself the pleasure of reading to you a letter which I 
 have received from the hands of His Highness several 
 months after your decree of the 18th February last. 
 Here is the letter: 
 
 " ' I have known, Monsieur, of the part which you 
 have had in an event which must interest me, since I 
 
On the Steps of the Throne 89 
 
 hope that it will provide me with opportunities for 
 contributing to the happiness of a people whom I love 
 by anticipation. In prospect of the situation to which 
 the Prince, my Adoptive Father, appears disposed to 
 call me, it is a desire which I shall not cease to feel to 
 imitate him in all the generous emotions which have 
 won for him the invaluable title of Father of his Country. 
 I am drawing in advance upon the affections which will 
 attach me to my new country of Bouillon, and rest 
 assured Monsieur, that I shall never have any interest 
 so near to my heart as this, to merit and to justify by my 
 conduct the choice of me which has been made by the 
 Prince and the confidence and approbation of the good 
 people of Bouillon.' 
 
 " You do not observe, Messieurs, in this letter, those 
 terms which against their will escape from the mouths 
 of ambitious enemies of the public Liberty. On the 
 contrary, you find in adopting the Duchy of Bouillon for 
 his new country, the sole desire of Prince Philip 
 D'Auvergne is .to be a good citizen: but we all know, 
 Messieurs, that he will be the first Citizen of our 
 Country, and that under the social convention that 
 unites us we must respect him as one of the tutelary 
 deities of the nations. The sentiments expressed by 
 Prince Philip D'Auvergne in this letter three months 
 ago are wholly in keeping with a portrait drawn of him 
 by a person known to you all — the President Dorival. 
 I had asked him about the personality of Prince Philip 
 whom I had only seen for a minute last year and I shall 
 read his letter : 
 
 " ' If, as I do not doubt Prince Philip D'Auvergne 
 resembles the portrait we may expect all things, hope 
 
 6 
 
90 On the Steps of the Throne 
 
 for all, from his excellent qualities, and above all from 
 his attitude in desiring to enrich the country by his 
 presence and his many proofs of encouragement.' 
 
 " I believe further that in the present circumstances, 
 when a great revolution working in a great people may 
 produce violent emotions which we shall all feel, and 
 when rumours of war are heard on every hand, we ought 
 to consider ourselves happy in gaining a new protector, 
 interested as ourselves in our welfare; who by his 
 deeds, his talents and his political attitude may con- 
 jointly with His Serene Highness, and His Highness 
 the Hereditary Prince support us strongly, and prevent 
 our little country from ever being dismembered abroad 
 or annexed." 
 
 These remarks were received with acclamations, and 
 at the bidding of the President all the Deputies took 
 the oath of fidelity to the Duke and the Princes, his 
 ordained successors. By special decree it was ordered 
 that the Duke's Declaration should be printed, regis- 
 tered, and published in all the towns, villages and 
 hamlets of Bouillon, and that a Te Deum should be 
 sung on the day of its publication in all parishes, ec- 
 clesiastical charges and chapels throughout the country. 
 These decrees were signed by M. Gerard as President 
 and by the hundred and forty-six deputies present. 
 
 By another Declaration, the Duke commanded and 
 ordained the Governor of the Town and Duchy of 
 Bouillon, Officers of the Sovereign Court, Municipal- 
 ities, General Councils of Commoners and petty Judges 
 and all of them to conform to this decree. 
 
 All legal formalities were accomplished, but one more 
 scene in the drama was to be played. On the 4th of 
 
On the Steps of the Throne 91 
 
 August. 1791, a goodly company were gathered together 
 in the Hall of the Guards at Navarre, under the great 
 dome. The summer sun shone upon the armour and 
 weapons which glittered upon its walls, and lit up the 
 stern countenances of former Dukes and Counts of the 
 great race of Auvergne which adorned the vast chamber ; 
 the summer breeze through the open doors, stirred the 
 ancient banners in the corridor beneath the dome — 
 banners which had been borne by the heroes of their 
 race on many a stricken field ; a crowd of servants and 
 retainers in state liveries hung round the doorways. 
 On a dais, in his chair of state, sat the old Duke of 
 Bouillon, Count of Evreux, Lord of many a goodly 
 domain besides, and by his side stood His Highness 
 Monseigneur Philip D'Auvergne, Prince Successor to 
 the Duchy of Bouillon, erstwhile Lieutenant D'Auvergne, 
 B.X., shipwrecked mariner and prisoner of war. The 
 Hall of the Guards, great as it appeared, was nearly 
 rilled with Nobles and gentlemen of the province, by 
 the tenants and gentlemen of the Duke's entourage, by 
 the Chancellor and Attorney General of Bouillon, and 
 a deputation of senators from the Assemble Generate 
 of that ancient fief. 
 
 Upon a gesture from the Duke, the Chancellor of 
 the Duchy stepped forward and read the various Decrees, 
 Declarations and Letters Patent relating to the suc- 
 cession. When the last sonorous words of the Chan- 
 cellor's voice had died away in the dome, the aged Duke, 
 lising with difficulty from his chair, took the Prince 
 by the hand and presented him to his friends, de- 
 pendents and servants as his adopted son and eventual 
 successor. Amidst the Mare of trumpets and the shouts 
 
92 On the Steps of the Throne 
 
 of the excited crowd, the Prince knelt on one knee and 
 kissed the hand of his adopted father, then turning 
 round made a low how to the excited spectators. A 
 page of honour approached bearing on a cushion the 
 be-jewelled sword of the great Marshall Turenne, which 
 had been preserved as an heirloom in the family, and 
 bending on his knee, presented it to the Duke. The 
 aged Sovereign took the glittering weapon, and with 
 his own hands girded the Piince with it, exhorting him 
 at the same time, in all knightly fashion, to be brave, 
 to be courteous, and to be a true knight, like the great 
 owner himself. Then folding his arms round his 
 adopted son, so dear to him for his own sake, embraced 
 him warmly, kissing him on both cheeks. All the 
 Officials of the Duchy, the great tenants, the gentlemen 
 of the Court pressed round him, kissing his hands and 
 renewing their oaths of fidelity, and the noblemen and 
 gentlemen of the neighbourhood tendered their warmest 
 congratulations.* 
 
 On the Steps of the Throne indeed. Nothing 
 between our poor naval captain and a reigning Duke- 
 
 * By Duke Godfrey's will the sword of Turenne was be- 
 queathed to Philip in these words : — 
 
 "I bequeath to Philip D'Auvergne, Captain of the Navy 
 of Great Britain, and leave to him iu his position as my 
 adopted sou and friend of my house, loving and esteeming 
 him as if I had the happiness to be his real father, and as 
 being worthy of it by his birth and the noble way in which 
 he grasped it, the sword of M. de Turenne, to be preserved 
 in that branch of my house so long as there be male issue. 
 A. Navarre, 9 Nov. 1788." 
 
 During the troubles that followed the Duke's death the 
 swoid disappeared and never reached the legatee. 
 
On the Steps of the Throne 93 
 
 dom, great titles, splendid domains and immense wealth, 
 except an old man with one foot in the grave, and a 
 feeble invalid whose days were numbered. It were 
 strange indeed if Philip's head were not turned by the 
 miraculous change which a few short years had made 
 in his life. Handsome, young (he was only thirty-six 
 years old) surrounded by adulation and servility, with 
 everything that he could desire apparently in his grasp, 
 he still seems to have retained the same clear-headed 
 common sense, which had stood him in such good stead 
 amidst shot and shell, fire and tempest, shipwreck and 
 starvation. 
 
 Whilst this interesting pageant was being performed 
 at Navarre, a Te Deuni was ascending from all the 
 churches and chapels in Bouillon. Universal rejoicing, 
 bonfires, fireworks and banquets were celebrated on all 
 sides. But all these rejoicings and happy forecasts 
 were doomed to disappointment. In the same month 
 in which the strains of the Te Deum resounded through 
 the ancient churches of Bouillon, a more important 
 document than that relating to the Bouillon succession 
 was promulgated, which arrayed all France in arms 
 against Europe and Monarchy, and began the cataclysm 
 into which the unfortunate little Duchy was pre- 
 cipitated. 
 
 By the Convention of Pilnitz the Emperor, and the 
 King of Prussia with certain minor potentates, ex- 
 pressed their determination to intervene by effectual 
 methods in the affairs of France, which threatened 
 universal interference with monarchical principles and 
 rights. A document embodying this resolution was 
 transmitted to Paris, where it was received with violent 
 
94 On the Steps of the Throne 
 
 indignation, and roused up a blaze of fury which was 
 not quenched for twenty-five years, and involved 
 Bouillon in the general conflagration. 
 
 The old Duke de Bouillon was now satisfied that he 
 had settled the succession to his Dukedom in his own 
 family ; but feeling that his own death could not be 
 long delayed, on the 20th of August, 1791, he executed 
 a formal deed or gift in favour of Philip D'Auvergne 
 of the whole of his possessions in the ancient province 
 and county of Auvergne and other places, which pro- 
 duced an income of 500,000 livres per annum, as an 
 appanage during the life of the Prince James Leopold, 
 which deed of gift he transmitted to the custody of 
 Major General D'Auvergne, the Captain's Uncle in 
 Jersey, as a safer place than France, under the existing 
 state of confusion. The Duke also made his will 
 with a holograph codicil, dealing with the eventual 
 succession in case of the Prince Successor dying with- 
 out male issue; which will and codicil were enclosed 
 in a box and deposited in the Record Office of the 
 Supreme Court of Bouillon. Copies of the will and 
 codicil were also sent to Major General D'Auvergne. 
 This box had three keys which were given respectively 
 to the President of the General Assembly in the Duchy, 
 the Governor General and Captain D'Auvergne. In 
 his private intimation the Captain was enjoined in the 
 event of the Duke's death to proceed at once to Bouillon, 
 or to appoint a sufficient Deputy, and to be present at 
 the opening of the box and the reading and promulga- 
 tion of the will. 
 
 There is something intensely pathetic in the 
 elaborate care which the poor old Duke had taken to 
 
On the Steps of the Throne 95 
 
 secure the object of his desires, little foreseeing the 
 reign of anarchy which was to upset all law and all 
 order ; the general boulevcrsement of everything, that 
 huge insurrectionary movement that swept away 
 Iioyalty, Aristocracy and Feudalism. What availed 
 elaborate precautions, three keys and such like, when 
 the whole territory of Bouillon and all the extensive 
 domains of the house of Auvergne were engulphed in 
 the volcanic lava flood of Eevolution ? 
 
 Like many other nobles, the Duke de Bouillon 
 pretended to have embraced with ardour the principles 
 of the reformers, and welcomed the formation of the 
 Constituent Assembly. He called himself with 
 pleasantry le citoyen prince regnant de Bouillon. He had 
 presided at a banquet held in the hall of the guards 
 at Navarre on the 14th of July, 1789, when all the 
 nobles of the county of Evreux were harangued by 
 their Lt. General M. de Girardin. 
 
 But despite the principles of equality which he 
 affected, M. de Bouillon preserved unto his death his 
 allures princicres. He never drove into Evreux without 
 four horses and outriders. When he visited the theatre 
 he was preceded to his private box by valets carrying 
 torches. 
 
 Philip DAuvergne resided at Navarre frequently 
 during the years 1790-1 a passive spectator of the 
 strange events which were taking place in his adopted 
 country. Unlike so many other chateaux throughout 
 fair France which had been given to the flames, Navarre, 
 perhaps owing to its owner's professed constitutional 
 ideas, was spared. The Duke continued to pose as a 
 reformer. He commanded the National Guards at the 
 
g6 On the Steps of the Throne 
 
 fete held to celebrate the anniversary of the fall of the 
 Bastille and invited its officers to dine at the Chateau. 
 
 But events marched too fast for our Constitutional 
 Duke. His doctrines of Equality were put to a 
 practical test. The masses of the people invaded his 
 privacy, at first by his invitation, but afterwards 
 without asking leave or license. 
 
 The revolution marched on with giant strides. On 
 the 16th September, 1792, it was not only the Garde 
 Rationale that the Duke of Bouillon invited to his 
 table, but all the authorities of the district : and such 
 authorities the scum of the populace ! 
 
 The Elections for the National Assembly had taken 
 place, and a banquet was held at Navarre to celebrate 
 the event. It was preceded by a patriotic fete, held 
 in the Cathedral of Evreux, which was transformed 
 into a temple of Beason. A young girl of great beauty 
 crowned by a Bhrygian cap, but otherwise almost naked, 
 was seated on the high altar. At her feet lay the negro 
 servant of M. de Bouillon, loaded with chains — a 
 tableau to represent liberty victorious over slavery. 
 As a proof of the existing liberty, all citizens and their 
 wives were compelled to attend this blasphemous and 
 indecent service by threats of death if they refused. 
 
 After this shameless parody of a religious service, five 
 hundred guests sat down in the hall of the Guards at 
 Navarre. Three cobblers, two hairdressers, and a con- 
 fectioner, decorated with scarlet sashes, occupied the 
 dais of honour, having displaced the aged and infirm 
 Duke, who sat ill at ease amongst the rabble that had 
 invaded his ancestral home. But to have refused their 
 society would have cost him his head. 
 
On the Steps of the Throne 97 
 
 In the middle of the repast one of the cobblers 
 addressing the Duke with insolent familiarity, ex- 
 claimed, 
 
 " Parbleu, Bouillon, your dinner is superb. What a 
 benefit is a Ee volution ! it is a marvellous event." 
 
 "Municipal citizen, you forget that my name is no 
 longer Bouillon, but La Tour." 
 
 " Pardon, citizen, I had no intention of insulting you. 
 Your good health ! " and the brute tossed off a bumper 
 of Lachryara Christi. 
 
 " You have done well, citizen," said the hairdresser, 
 " to give up the name of Bouillon. It smacks of the 
 feudal system. I have done as you — I no longer call 
 myself La Trousse, but Tarquin. And thou, Brise- 
 peigne, what is your name now ? " 
 
 " Mutius Sccevola, citizen colleague at your service/ 
 
 " Apropos to that braves sansculottes, have you heard 
 the news ? The old saints have been put out of circula- 
 tion and we are to have a new calendar. That makes 
 me smile. What do you think, neighbour?" and to 
 give effect to his words, he clapped Madame de Laurier 
 on the shoulder, who, hiding her terror, replied, 
 
 " I think all that the Eevolution has done is 
 admirable." 
 
 " Well said, citoyenne, well said." 
 
 To what a pass had his liberal sentiments brought 
 the descendant of Turenne. Better to have died a 
 manly death like so many of his caste, on the scaffold ! 
 

PART IV 
 
 3n Groublcfc Matere 
 
PART IV 
 
 IN TROUBLED WATERS 
 
 Duke Godfrey U bicnfaitcur des pauvres died on the 
 3rd of December, 1792. He was buried by his own 
 express wish amongst the poor in the cemetery of 
 the hospital of Evreux without pomp or ceremony.* 
 He was spared the knowledge of the shameful death of 
 his King and Suzerain : brought to a mock trial on the 
 14th of December, 1792, and guillotined on the 21st of 
 January, 1793. By his last wishes the Duke had 
 
 * In 1825 it was decided to pull down the old hospital of 
 Evreux. Search was made for the remains of the Duke de 
 Bouillon. Some old men who had watched his funeral 
 pointed out the place of his burial, which was at the front 
 of the cross in an alley now traversed by the Rue du Meilet- 
 His coffin, made of sycamore, and with an inscription plate 
 was found in good preservation, and was transferred with 
 some ceremony to the chapel of the new hospital, and over 
 his remains the Prince de Rohan erected a suitable monu- 
 ment. 
 
102 In Troubled Waters 
 
 advised Captain D'Auvergne to hasten to Bouillon on 
 the news of his death and take immediate steps to 
 secure his own succession. But hostilities between 
 France and England having broken out it was im- 
 possible for any naval officer to ask for or obtain leave 
 of absence. 
 
 Duke Godfrey was succeeded by his son James 
 Leopold, who had appointed the Marquis de Lambeton 
 des Essarts to act as his agent. Prince Philip instructed 
 the same gentleman to act for him also at the opening 
 of the box which had been deposited in the Eecord 
 Office by the Supreme Court at Bouillon, and which 
 contained the will and codicil of Duke Godfrey. 
 
 The Marquis de Lambeton des Essarts, a gentleman 
 of Normandy, who had the reversion of the Governor- 
 Generalship of the Duchy, attended at Bouillon as 
 representative for Duke James Leopold and for Philip 
 D'Auvergne the Prince Successor. The box was opened 
 with the key which D'Auvergne had forwarded, and 
 the will and codicil were read. Thereupon all the 
 authorities of the Duchy, and the inhabitants of the 
 several districts and communities took and subscribed 
 the oath of allegiance to their new Duke, and renewed 
 those of fidelity to his successor, as presented by the 
 will of Duke Godfrey. This sacred testament, together 
 with all the other public papers of the Duchy, were 
 soon afterwards irrevocably lost. Instigated by French 
 emmissaries the llevolutionary party committed them 
 to the flames. 
 
 This was in 1793, when the Terror was at its height 
 The unfortunate and innocent Duke James, imprisoned 
 a s an aristocrat in his own house in Paris, was obliged 
 
/;/ Troubled Waters 103 
 
 to pay and maintain the ruffians who wore placed on 
 guard over him. Declared an enemy to the Republic, 
 all his property was confiscated ; the Hotel Bouillon 
 and all its priceless treasures were sold and dispersed ; 
 all his insignia, coats of arms, deeds, books and papers 
 were burnt — sacrificed on what the Reds called " Autel 
 de la Patrie." All vanished — the only portrait of 
 Agnes Sorel, the Lorraines and the Teniers ; Turenne's 
 services to his country could not save his portrait from 
 destruction, the loving cup of Henry IV and La Belle 
 Gabrielle, the rare china of La Pompadour were 
 smashed ; several of the Duke's faithful servants were 
 slain ; and a Jacobin Club usurped the Government of 
 the Duchy and declared an independent Republic at 
 Bouillon. 
 
 Duke James Leopold had proved unequal to cope 
 with the difficulties of his position. His intellectual 
 capacity was on a par with his physical weakness. By 
 a misplaced confidence he had abandoned the care of 
 his interests to the steward of his late father. This 
 gentleman, who had been wholly trusted by Duke 
 Godfrey, gaining his confidence to such an extent as to 
 be left his testamentary executor and trustee, proved 
 utterly unworthy of the trust reposed in him. He im- 
 bibed the most violent tenets of the Revolutionary 
 Creed, and like most perverts showed exemplary zeal 
 in emphasizing his new beliefs. The interests of his 
 master and benefactor were sacrificed, the claims of 
 the Prince Successor were derided. Indeed, knowing 
 Philip's loyal and patriotic sentiments, he vowed a 
 bitter hatred against him, and did everything in his 
 power to thwart his old master's desires with regard to 
 
104 In Troubled Waters 
 
 the Succession. A man's foes are those of his own 
 household. 
 
 Duke James, or rather le citoycn La Tour as he was 
 called, had on the death of his father taken up his resi- 
 dence at Navarre — but under the mismanagement and 
 disloyalty of his steward came disorder and confusion t 
 The property of the house of Bouillon was squandered 
 and dispersed. The unfortunate Prince, dragged about 
 the grounds of his Chateau in a wheeled litter, ac- 
 companied by Madame de Banastre and her daughter, 
 the youthful widow of the Duke Godfrey, was impotent 
 to stop the waste and extravagance. The Prince Suc- 
 cessor was tied down to his duties in the British Navy, 
 and could render no assistance. No check was put 
 upon the encroachments of the Jacobins, in fact they 
 were encouraged by the disloyal steward in their 
 rapacity. But he who raised the fire was devoured in 
 the flames, for, failing to satisfy the demands of his 
 new allies, he was himself denounced by them as a 
 traitor and an aristocrat, and to save himself from a 
 worse fate, blew out his own brains, abandoning his 
 unfortunate master to a hungry crowd of intriguing 
 parasites. 
 
 After the declaration of war against France, the 
 Austrian troops had occupied all Luxembourg, includ- 
 ing Bouillon. They were welcomed by the Prince Suc- 
 cessor, who, looking after the interests of the reigning 
 Duke as well as his own, placed the Duchy under 
 their protection, recommending the inhabitants to the 
 humanity of Generals Clairfait and Beaulieu who com- 
 manded the Austrian detachment. This displeased the 
 Revolutionary party, who were numerous and in- 
 
/;/ Troubled Waters 105 
 
 fluential, so that by every means in their power, they 
 provoked and irritated the Austrian troops, until, 
 goaded into fury, General Beaulieu ordered the Town 
 and Castle of Bouillon to be attacked and cleared of all 
 the Revolutionary scum. The Austrian light troops in 
 obedience to these orders attacked the place, which, for 
 many hours was given over to sack and pillage. 
 Women were outraged and the wretched citizens 
 butchered on their own doorsteps. The Eeds made a 
 desperate resistance, and in the scrimmage, the vener- 
 able Count de St. Germain, the Governor General, a 
 respected and honourable veteran, with many other 
 innocent persons, was murdered. After holding the 
 place for sixteen hours, the Austrians retired before 
 the advance of the Republican troops from Sedan, who 
 in turn, occupied the town and subjected the un- 
 fortunate inhabitants to greater horrors than they had 
 experienced from the Austrian attack. As a pretext 
 for their fury, they asserted that the inhabitants had 
 invited the Austrians ; pillage was added to massacre, 
 and the destruction of the unfortunate town was com- 
 plete. A few faithful servants of the Duke did their 
 best to save the wreck of his property, but to no avail ; 
 the Castle, the Courts of Justice were given to the 
 flames ; the independence of the Duchy was abolished, 
 the Duke's estate and property were declared domains 
 nationaux, and committed to the departmental adminis- 
 tration of Les Ardennes and les Fords, all the domains 
 except the forest called Les Bois de Bouillon, and the 
 Castle of Carlsburg were sold, and by a Decree of the 
 Directory the whole territory was united to France. 
 The ruin of his prospective inheritance fell like a 
 
 7 
 
106 In Troubled Waters 
 
 thunderbolt upon the Prince Successor. Unable to 
 raise an arm in its defence ; powerless to assist his un- 
 fortunate adopted brother, he could only contemplate 
 from afar the fall of his fortunes, the destruction of his 
 high hopes. But the enemies of his house were also 
 the enemies of his country, and with eagerness he 
 turned to the active duties of his profession, in which 
 he might avenge both his public and private wrongs. 
 He applied at once to the Admiralty for the command 
 of a ship, and was soon appointed to the Nonsuch with 
 the command of a flotilla of eight gunboats which had 
 been hastily formed for the defence of the Channel 
 Islands. 
 
 "We have traced the history of Philip D'Auvergne 
 from his cradle, through all the vicissitudes of his 
 career: on the one hand as a midshipman in the 
 Gun room, a lieutenant in the Ward room, as 
 Commander and then Captain on his own quarter deck, 
 as the adopted son of the Duke de Bouillon invested 
 with all the titles and honours of Prince Successor to 
 the Duchy ; on the other hand as a shipwrecked sailor, 
 a castaway, on a desert island, and as a prisoner of war. 
 He was equal to either fortune : neither the buffets of 
 adversity, nor the smiles of fortune had power to change 
 his indomitable nature. Loyal to his flag and his 
 country, no seductions of the foreigner could move his 
 allegiance : devoted as he was to the Bourbons and his 
 adopted country he never swerved in his love and 
 admiration for the British Navy and His Britannic 
 Majesty. His feelings on this subject are well 
 expressed in his letters to General le Comte de Puisaye. 
 In one dated 28th October, 179G, he says: 
 
In Troubled Waters 
 
 107 
 
 " It will take something extraordinary to seduce one 
 who is a born Englishman, in whose veins the blood of 
 Turenne circulates, and who carries that warrior's 
 sword as his own, to deviate from his honour and duty 
 to his Britannic Majesty. For him I hold the most 
 loyal sentiments, although attached to the interests of 
 his most august ally the most Christian Sovereign of 
 France, for whom my life would be but a trifling 
 sacrifice, but which I would give willingly. Behold my 
 confidence and faith combined with the frankness of a 
 Knight, who would fain be like Bayard sans reproche." 
 And again in a letter written to the same : 
 
 " I have certainly the most profound and respectful 
 veneration for the Princes of the house of Bourbon, but 
 I cannot help them but by means of the authority 
 of my Sovereign, whose confidence / will never 
 betray." 
 
 Under the Tioyal flag of France and the protection of 
 the great house of La Tour D'Auvergne he had been 
 offered the most brilliant prospects, if he would 
 renounce his allegiance to King George and his 
 Commission in the British Navy ; later on, as we shall 
 see, he was tempted by Napoleon to enter his service, 
 with promises of the recovery of his titles and estates, 
 but neither position nor money could tempt him to 
 abandon the path of duty and patriotism. His honour 
 and loyalty to the English flag came first, but he was 
 ready and willing to risk everything else in the service 
 of his adopted country and her exiled kings. From 
 1793 to 1807 we find him, except during the short 
 interval of the peace concluded at Amiens, working 
 heart and soul in the Royalist Cause, the Cause of the 
 
108 In Troubled Waters 
 
 Altar and the Throne, as it was called in those days, in 
 defence of which his life, as he says, would be but a 
 trifling sacrifice to give. 
 
 The Channel Islands close to the French Coast, 
 and inhabited by a kindred race, speaking the same 
 language, were crowded with aristocrats and priests, 
 fleeing from the vengeance of the Revolutionary 
 tribunals : the same propinquity made them a rendez- 
 vous for all the officers of the Royalist party who were 
 seeking to retrieve the fortunes of their King in the 
 West of France. The French emigrants were so 
 numerous in Jersey that the inhabitants began at 
 length to have serious apprehensions lest they should 
 seize upon the Island. There were as many French as 
 Jersiais in the Island — perhaps more. 
 
 The emigres had in many cases escaped from France 
 with nothing but the clothes on their backs ; delicately 
 nurtured women and children were in poverty and 
 rags. Moved by compassion for their sufferings the 
 English Government voted a sum of money for their 
 assistance, which in the first instance was entrusted to 
 the French Bishops for distribution. They practising 
 the Apostolic maxim that Charily begins at home, 
 disappeared with most of the funds. The English 
 Government obliged to find another agent, chose Lord 
 Balcarras, who however shortly resigned. Philip 
 D'Auvergne Prince de Bouillon was appointed in his 
 stead. 
 
 It may well be imagined that such a position was 
 not a bed of roses. Jealousy, recriminations, and 
 insinuations of the vilest description arose amongst the 
 emigres male and female. Appeals from all classes 
 
Tn Troubled Waters 109 
 
 poured in upon the overworked Prince: those who 
 were relieved wanted more, those passed over accused 
 him of malappropriation and theft. He was charged 
 by anonymous scribblers with embezzlement of money 
 subscribed from public funds. A London journal did 
 not scruple to publish a so-called Life of the Prince, 
 wherein he was accused of enriching himself at the 
 public expense. Let us finish at once with this 
 unsavoury business. In the accounts which he 
 forwarded to the Government, now to be seen in the 
 Public Record Office, all the money, amounting to about 
 £100,000 per annum, passing through the Prince's 
 hands, is satisfactorily accounted for; and at the end of 
 his administration he was a much poorer man than at 
 the beginning. 
 
 Roused by the calumnies and insults which were 
 heaped upon him, the most notable and respected 
 recipients of the bounty, prepared and signed an address 
 to the Prince declaring the fairness and delicacy with 
 which he had performed his eleemosynary duties. 
 
 But the airs and graces which distinguished the 
 foreign exiles made them in many instances detested by 
 the islanders. Forgetful of the fact, that they were 
 refugees living on the bounty of the English Govern- 
 ment, they swaggered about as if they were at 
 Versailles or Fontainbleau, and treated the people of 
 the soil as canaille. There is an amusing story told of 
 one of the aristocratic emigres which shows the conceit 
 of the tribe. The Abbe de St. Eonan, an illegitimate 
 son of Louis XV, was taking the air one day with a 
 lady upon his arm, when he met a poor priest upon the 
 road. The priest, not making way quick enough to 
 
no In Troubled Waters 
 
 please his Lordship, received a smart blow with the 
 cane to teach him better manners. 
 
 The next day the same parties met on the same road. 
 This time the poor priest hastened to efface himself by 
 squeezing up against a tree. The Abbe smiled, and 
 ran after the priest, who seeing him coming expected 
 another thrashing; but as he was hurrying away, the 
 Abbe seized him by the ear and said, 
 
 " Good man ! I will make you a Canon," and a Canon 
 he was made. The Chapter of Laon, on the Abbe's 
 recommendation, appointed the poor priest to the first 
 vacancy, and as a Canon he lived and died in the odour 
 of sanctity. At the Restoration the Abbe himself was 
 made a Bishop. 
 
 To create a diversion in the enemy's camp, the 
 English Government decided to open communications 
 with the Royalist party in France. Aware of his 
 personal acquaintance with many of its leaders and 
 also with the French language, Pitt and Windham 
 selected Prince Philip as their agent to carry on 
 negotiations with the Royalists in Normandy and 
 Brittany. Driven back from the Rhine the Royal 
 troops had made a diversion in the West, defeated the 
 Republican troops and established the war, which is 
 known in history as La Vendee. They were openly 
 assisted by the English Government ; the Channel 
 Islands were made the entrepot, and the Prince de 
 Bouillon the distributor of the arms and provisions 
 supplied to the troops. It would be impossible and un- 
 profitable to give in detail all the various descents which 
 the French troops, aided and abetted by the Jersey flotilla 
 under the Prince's orders, made upon the French coast, 
 
In Troubled Waters in 
 
 nor the jealousies and disputes which arose between 
 the various leaders in the Royalist forces, where all 
 wanted to lead and none to serve — are they not written 
 at large in the histories of the war in La Vendee ? 
 General le Comte de Puisaye, the then accredited agent 
 of the Royal party in England, has alone bequeathed 
 one hundred and sixteen volumes of letters and papers 
 received by him. These are now in the British 
 Museum, and may be inspected by the curious. 
 
 In all these affairs the Prince, although an active 
 partizan, was ever loyal and upright; but his energy 
 on behalf of the Royalists raised up a violent hatred 
 against him in the Republican centres in Paris, which, 
 as we shall see, bore bitter fruit. 
 
 The Prince was responsible to the British Govern- 
 ment for the safety of the Islands : the flotilla of gun- 
 boats was stationed at Gorey, and the coast under his 
 auspices was strongly fortified. Numerous small forts 
 were erected on every suitable place, one of which is 
 called to this day Fort D'Auvergne. 
 
 In order to watch the movements of the Republican 
 Navy, and to be warned more rapidly of any hostile 
 movement, the Prince organised a system of signals 
 by which he could quickly communicate with all the 
 stations in the islands, and with all the vessels in his 
 command. At first he lived on board his flag ship, but 
 finding that inconvenient, he fixed his head quarters on 
 shore. 
 
 La Hogue Bie is a picturesque spot placed on a high 
 artificial mound facing the Norman coast, There was 
 an old tradition relating to this mound and to the 
 chapel above it, which tells how in the old, old days in a 
 
H2 In Troubled Waters 
 
 marsh in the parish of St. Laurance there lived a great 
 serpent, which did great slaughter amongst the islanders. 
 But a valiant knight of Normandy, Lord of Hambaye, 
 hearing of this plague, crossed over to Jersey and slew 
 this serpent, and cut off its head, thereby gaining great 
 glory and renown. His esquire, who accompanied him, 
 filled with envy and malice and all uncharitableness, 
 slew and buried his master, the noble lord, and return- 
 ing to Hambaye, told his lady that her lord had been 
 slain by the serpent, which he himself had killed to 
 avenge his death. He also falsely persuaded the lady 
 that with his dying breath, and because of the gallant 
 way he had killed the serpent to avenge his master, his 
 lord had expressed a wish that his widow should marry 
 the squire. The lady consented ; but the wicked 
 servant now become the lord, could not rest in his 
 slumbers, tossed about and cried aloud, " Oh me 
 miserum ! me miserum ! I have slain my good lord." 
 His lady hearing these repeated exclamations, suspected 
 him of being a parricide. Calling in her friends she 
 hailed him before the tribunals, where, in cross-ex- 
 amination, he admitted the murder. Tilled with 
 sorrow, the lady erected a lofty monument over her 
 lord's corpse, so that from her window in Normandy, 
 she might at all hours have a sight of the place where 
 her gallant knight was interred. 
 
 A chapel erected on the top added to the height of 
 the monument, and served not only to bring the beloved 
 object nearer to her, but also for masses to be said 
 therein for the soul of the deceased. But the widow 
 died, careless successors failed to pay the priest for his 
 prayers, and the chapel fell into ruins. So it was 
 
/// Troubled Waters 113 
 
 when it was bought by the Prince, who made the spot 
 into a charming residence, surrounding it with shrubs 
 and trees. The ancient tower of the castle was used 
 by him as a post of observation, and is known to this 
 day as La Tour de Prince. In the fashion of the day, 
 he called his new home La Bagatelle and it was his 
 place of residence during the long period that he re- 
 mained in the Island.* 
 
 As chief naval officer in the Islands, the Prince was 
 made Constable of Mont Orgueil Castle, which he used 
 as a storehouse for the arms and provisions forwarded 
 to the Eoyalist army ; in fact the correspondence 
 between the English Government and the Royalists 
 could not have been carried on in any other way ; it 
 was the Prince de Bouillon who held the threads. He 
 received the Government despatches through his uncle 
 Major General D'Auvergne, who lived at Southampton, 
 to whom he also confided his own letters. 
 
 To show the energy and loyalty which the Prince 
 threw into his work, we may be permitted to quote from 
 some of his letters to General le Comte de Puisaye. 
 General Puisaye, who was one of the leading spirits 
 amongst the emigres, is not a very heroic figure iu 
 
 * In order to watch the movements of the Republican 
 Navy, and to be warned more rapidly the Prince had organ- 
 ized a telegraphic service binding together all the stations 
 in the Island and communicating with all the vessels under 
 his command. He had bought an ancient chapel built upon 
 a most picturesque spot called La Ifogue Bie, from whence 
 one could overlook the greater part of the Island and neigh- 
 bouring coast of France. Following the taste of the times, 
 he baptised the poetic ruins with the name La Bagatelle and 
 rttit Hermitage." See also Payne's xlrmorial of Jersey, 18G5. 
 
H4 In Troubled Waters 
 
 history. He was one of the leaders of Girondins when 
 their troops held the old Chateau of Brecourt. The 
 Mountain National forces advancing to attack them, 
 both parties put on a bold front, beat drums, shrieked 
 at the top of their voices, and so frightened each other 
 that they both incontinently ran away without loss 
 except of breath, to either side. Puisaye, who was 
 lying snug in his bed inside the Castle of Brecourt, was 
 awakened by the hubbub. Frightened out of his wits 
 he hurried out, mounted his horse forgetting, like 
 President Steyn in like case, to put on his boots and 
 fled away in mad terror. Brittany was crossed — Jersey 
 was reached — but only when he was established in 
 London did Puisaye feel himself in safety. Here under 
 the alias of the Marquis de Menilles he resided as the 
 agent of the lioyalist party, writing innumerable letters, 
 plotting numerous unsuccessful enterprises, and getting 
 as much money as he could out of Pitt and Wyndham. 
 The correspondence between Puisaye and the Prince de 
 Bouillon was continued for some years, but as it chiefly 
 referred to the details in the conveyance of troops, pro- 
 visions and ammunition from England to France, it is 
 not of much interest. 
 
 Writing on the 19th of October, 1794, the Prince 
 announces the arrival of Generals Tinteniac, de Saint 
 Giles, de Busnet and a priest who are all anxious to 
 embark for the French coast as soon as weather will 
 permit: complains bitterly of the indiscretion of the 
 Officers in the Eoyalist regiments who spent their 
 time in gossiping in St. Helliers. " I sleep," he says, 
 " in a bit of a house in the village to be ostensibly near 
 my gunboats, but really to watch over our secret 
 
/// Troubled Waters 115 
 
 transactions. I have also arranged in case of a friend 
 passing through, who may want a bed near me, to have 
 a cottage at the foot of the Castle so that he may not 
 be compelled to sleep in the open air. 
 
 " Your Chouans are in despair, but I flatter myself 
 that all will end well ; but in the name of God and 
 justice obtain arms. Engage Mr. Wyndham to give us 
 the means to act to some purpose, and I will answer 
 for the result : don't say that I boast, the thing is 
 evident. If we act with intelligence and firmness we 
 shall attain our end. France will be saved — Europe 
 tranquil, and we shall have the glory of having contri- 
 buted to that end. In the name of God let us be 
 up and doing ! Let us save Europe ! Her fate is in 
 your hands, you can depend upon my devoted assist- 
 ance." 
 
 In all his letters we see that mixture of boldness and 
 prudence which ever characterised his conduct. In the 
 midst of the most difficult circumstances his good 
 temper was never failing, recommencing to-morrow the 
 futile work of to-day without bitterness, and without 
 regret. In a letter to General le Marquis de Menilles 
 (Puisaye's 110111 de plume) le Comte de Boisberthelot 
 writes : 
 
 " But what embarrasses us most at this period are 
 the obstacles which M. Falle, Lieutenant Governor of 
 the island, places in the way of the ideas, full of wisdom, 
 of the amiable Prince de Bouillon. We cannot say 
 enough for the latter, whose zeal, talents and activity 
 are above all that can be said without tasteless adula- 
 tion. He is essentially the right man in the right 
 place, and do not cease I beseech you from regarding 
 
1 1 6 In Troubled Waters 
 
 him as such, and persuading his Majesty's Ministers of 
 the same fact." 
 
 Le Vicomte de rontbellanger, writing to General de 
 Puisaye, says : 
 
 " The Prince de Bouillon begs you to subscribe to the 
 Courrier de Londres, and wishes to get that journal as 
 soon as possible. He is at this moment writing to the 
 Minister, which prevents him from writing to you 
 himself. He sends a thousand messages and hopes to 
 see you soon. I am living with him and overwhelmed 
 with his favours." 
 
 Writing to General Puisaye on 14th of April, 1795, 
 the Prince informs him of the departure for France of 
 General le Vieuvielle with a hundred gentlemen well 
 furnished and provided. " We are unfortunate, my dear 
 General, and if we don't change the state of affairs 
 down there I shall despair. Come then, we await you 
 with impatience. Always devoted to the cause, which 
 is not lost till you come, but which is hopeless without 
 you. Vale ! Bouillon." 
 
 To assist him in his voluminous correspondence, and 
 the various schemes he had on foot, the Prince had 
 appointed two aides-de-champ, Le Chevalier de Cintre 
 and Le Chevalier de la Fruglaye. Even when the hopes 
 of the Royalists were at their lowest point he never 
 despairs. The right must conquer in the end. Writing 
 to de Puisaye, 23rd of November, 1796, he says : 
 
 " I hope you will be quite easy in your mind with 
 regard to all matters that depend upon me, ;ind believe 
 that my own sentiments change not an atom in my 
 inviolable attachment to the cause to which I am 
 e 1 1 lively devoted. Vale ! " 
 
In Troubled Waters wj 
 
 Again to the same he writes: "Let us despise the 
 
 calumniators and intriguants — nihil desperandum is 
 always my motto. Vogue la galore ! the Government 
 have given me thirty thousand pounds a month, half 
 for you and the other half to be divided into three parts 
 between Generals Charette, Stofflet and de Seepeau." 
 But it required all his loyalty and devotion to with- 
 stand the disquiet engendered by the foolish jealousies 
 and petitions of the emigre-. Often in his letters he 
 expresses a fervent wish that he were rid of them all. 
 
 His labours for the cause were frankly acknowledged 
 by the Royalist Leaders, from whom he received the 
 following letter : — 
 
 Sir- 
 Trie Council General, both Civil and Military, of the Royal 
 armies in Brittany, authorized thereto by Monsieur brother 
 of the King, Lieutenant General of the Kingdom, in virtue 
 of the power granted to him by his Majesty have the honour 
 to convey to you their thanks for all the care and trouble 
 you have taken to furnish them with provisions and 
 ammunitions of which they had need aud beg you to con- 
 tinue your good offices. 
 
 Signed by the Comto de Puisaye, le General Cornte de 
 Vauban, le Marquis de Parege and many others. 
 
 Despite his efforts on behalf of the French Royalists 
 he never neglected his duty to his own Sovereign ; by 
 his watchfulness aud wise precautions he preserved the 
 Islands from the attacks of the Republican forces, nor 
 did any of the inhabitants suiter in any way during the 
 whole war. The Government placed entire dependence 
 on his ability, and his relations with the Commanding 
 Officers in the Channel Squadron were most amiable. 
 
1 1 8 In Troubled Waters 
 
 " My dear Prince," writes Admiral Sir Borlase 
 Warren. " I shall be happy at all times to aid and 
 assist you if Hoche and his propagandists should attack 
 Jersey, as I make no doubt he has contrived to intro- 
 duce some of his disciples into your island with cash 
 and propositions and Clubs with the Devil and all his 
 imps." 
 
 With the care and protection of the islands on hishands, 
 a dozen men-of-war under his command, the distribution 
 of Government stores to the emigres, a voluminous 
 correspondence, a general direction of the transport of 
 all the Royalist regiments, stores, provisions, and am- 
 munition, we should have thought that the Prince's 
 time was fully occupied ; but he never neglected 
 an opportunity for increasing his knowledge in the 
 scientific branches of his profession. He was one of the 
 first associates of the Society for the improvement of 
 Naval architecture. On the 20th of February, 1793, he 
 was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquities when 
 he was described as " Philip D'Auvergne Prince de 
 Bouillon, Captain in the Royal Navy, F.R.S." His 
 testimonials being signed by the Duke of Leinster, the 
 Bishop of Salisbury, Sir J. Banks and otheis ; and sub- 
 sequently on the 8th of May in the same year he was 
 elected a member of the Society of Arts. His services 
 were recognized by the Admiralty, and he was advanced 
 to the rank of Commodore and hoisted his broad 
 pennant on the Guard ship in Jersey in the year 1798. 
 
 The disaster of Quiberon and other reverses isolated 
 the unhappy Vendeans, who were extirpated in a bloody 
 and relentless campaign. All the Prince's efforts were 
 unavailing, the Royalist cause in France was lost. The 
 
In Troubled Waters 119 
 
 Altar and the Throne were alike overturned. The 
 conquering genius of Napoleon had dazzled the eyes of 
 Frenchmen ; even those who were his deadly enemies, 
 were proud of the eminence France had gained under 
 his auspices. Many of the ci-devant aristocrats had 
 placed their swords at his disposal, and some of the old 
 nobility accepted posts in the Imperial household. All 
 local opposition was quelled, and intoxicated France 
 participated in the triumphs of the Modern Caesar. 
 
 Neglected and despised, robbed of his patrimony and 
 despoiled of his goods the wretched Duke James Leopold 
 had escaped the guillotine,* but he died in poverty and 
 misery early in the year 1802, and by virtue of the act 
 of adoption and Duke Godfrey's Will, Commodore 
 D'Auvergne became Duke of Bouillon and Count of 
 Evreux, but his Duchy and all his estates were in the 
 hands of the French Government, to whom, by his 
 conduct during the war, he had made himself peculiarly 
 obnoxious. 
 
 The peace of Amiens, signed in 1802, found the Duke 
 still in Jersey. As England and France were now at 
 peace he was counselled by his friends and some of our 
 most distinguished lawyers to apply to the Government 
 of France for the restitution of the alienated domains 
 
 'His young step-mother, Madame de Bouillon, had tasted 
 all the bitterness of death. Imprisoned for some time at 
 Rouen, thence transferred to Paris, she at last traversed the 
 silent streets in the fatal tumbril. She had mounted the 
 scaffold, her fair tresses had fallen between the shears of the 
 executioner, and the rope which held the bloody axe alone 
 separated her from eternity, when the fall of Robespierre 
 saved her and many other innoceut victims. 
 
120 In Troubled Waters 
 
 and feudal rights of the Dukes of Bouillon. His 
 presence, he was told, was absolutely necessary in 
 Paris. There alone could he hope to get legal advice — 
 there alone could he claim the late Duke's estates, that 
 inheritance which had been so solemnly entailed upon 
 him. 
 
 He obtained leave of absence from the Admiralty ; 
 passports were secured from the Foreign Office, which 
 were countersigned by M. Otto, the Charge d'Affaires 
 for the French Republic then accredited to the English 
 Government; and in August, 1802, he set out on his 
 mission. He had in his possession a letter of intro- 
 duction to Mr. Merry, the English Charge d Affaires in 
 Paris from Lord Hawkesbury's office. So accompanied 
 by Major Dumaresq, of the 31st Regiment of Jersey 
 Militia, and two servants, he landed in Normandy, and 
 proceeded to Paris arriving in that city on the 27th of 
 August. France was at this time in a state of unrest and 
 excitement : Napoleon had a few weeks before been 
 created Consul for life by the Republic, and was aiming 
 at sole and absolute power in the state. His spies 
 and emissaries swarmed everywhere; the ex-abbe' 
 Talleyrand was foreign Minister, and ex-priest Fouche 
 Minister of Police. 
 
 Aware of this dangerous state of affairs and also of 
 the hatred felt and expressed by all classes of French- 
 men against their countrymen, Commodore D'Auvergne 
 and his companion behaved with the utmost prudence 
 and circumspection, especially as they knew that 
 D'Auvergne's services with regard to the emigres and 
 the Royalist party generally laid him open to suspicion 
 and reprisal. He was known to have been the 
 
Iu Troubled Waters 121 
 
 trusted agent of Pitt — that name most detested by all 
 Frenchmen — and to whose machinations they were 
 pleased to ascribe all their difficulties. 
 
 The two friends took up their quarters at the Hotel 
 de Rome in the Faubourg St. Germain, and proceeded 
 to view the sights of Paris, that city which had been 
 for years closed to Englishmen. Paris was gorged with 
 the spoils of Europe ; the Louvre and other museums 
 were crowded with pictures, statuary and other works 
 of art, which the triumphant armies of France had 
 brought home in their train : but the unfortunate Duke 
 would seek in vain for the inestimable treasures which 
 once adorned the Hotel de Bouillon, and which now, 
 but for the Ilevolution and its results, would have been 
 in his possession. 
 
 The Tuilleries, where the gallant Swiss Guard had 
 been massacred in defence of their Eoyal Master, was 
 now the residence of the first Consul, although he pre- 
 ferred the quiet retreat of Malmaison. On the second 
 of September (Quintidi) the Victor of Areola held his 
 customary parade of troops in front of the palace. 
 Anxious to see the military forces of which he and all 
 Europe had heard so much, the Duke attended in the 
 uniform of a British Naval Officer, but was content 
 with remaining amongst the crowd, and sought no 
 opportunity of disclosing his name and rank, nor 
 presentation to the Consul. This he afterwards heard 
 was considered to be an act of disrespect towards his 
 person, which Napoleon resented. That strange man, 
 with a view to the Imperial position to which he 
 already aspired, was anxious to attract to his person 
 and Court, such members of the old nobility, as were 
 
122 In Troubled Waters 
 
 willing to acknowledge him as de jure as well as de facto 
 ruler of France. 
 
 From information subsequently obtained, there can 
 be little doubt that if the Duke had sought an inter- 
 view with the Consul, renounced his allegiance to the 
 British Crown, and entered the service of France, he 
 might have obtained the restitution of his Duchy and 
 estates, and a high position in the Court of the future 
 Emperor. 
 
 From the 2nd to the 6th of September the Duke 
 pursued the object he had in mind in going to Paris ; 
 he obtained legal assistance, and busied himself in 
 drawing up a statement of his claims, to be submitted 
 to the French Government. He called upon Mr. 
 Merry whose hotel was only two doors from his own, 
 and presented his letters and passport. 
 
 On the 7th of September, at 7 a.m., the Duke was 
 rudely awakened in his bed at the Hotel de Home, by 
 the entry into his room of a number of ferocious look- 
 ing ruffians, who declared that they were sbirri or 
 agents of police. They were accompanied by a com- 
 missary and two exempts, who proceeded to ransack his 
 apartments, turned out all his trunks and cupboards, 
 emptied the pockets of his clothes collecting and re- 
 moving every scrap of paper on which they could lay 
 hands. When they had satisfied themselves there was 
 nothing hidden which they had not discovered, they 
 told the Duke that he was wanted immediately at the 
 Bureau of the Minister of Police, and scarcely allowed 
 him time to hurry on his clothes and order horses to 
 be put into his carriage before he was hustled down 
 the staircase into the street. He had barely time to 
 
In Troubled Waters 123 
 
 order his servant to hurry to Mr. Merry and toll him 
 what had happened, when ho was pushed into his 
 
 carriage, one of the exempts seating himself by his 
 side; the sbirri formed an escort round the vehicle, and 
 the commissary with all the papers which he had 
 collected in his search followed behind. In this 
 ignominious fashion the Duke was conveyed through 
 the streets of Paris to the Bureau de Police Generale. 
 Here he was conducted to a sort of garret, the waiting 
 room of a number of the vilest runners, the scum of 
 the police force, who were continually passing in and 
 out of the room. After a detention in this hole for 
 about an hour he was conducted into a temporary 
 office, where he was confronted with M. Desmarets, 
 Secretary to the Minister Fouche, who proceeded to 
 question him. The Duke interrupted and demanded 
 by what right the laws of hospitality had been violated 
 by this forcible arrest and detention of his person. 
 Desmarets declined to give him any answer except 
 that l he Minister Fouchd had a prejudice against him, 
 owing to the part he had taken in the late war : that 
 he knew that the Duke had been the trusted confidant 
 of Pitt and Wyndhain and that he had unlawfully made 
 use of his name and position as future Duke of 
 Bouillon, to stir up the Western provinces against the 
 liepublic, which he had done his utmost to ruin. 
 
 The Duke declined to enter into any question relat- 
 ing to his behaviour during the war: there was peace 
 now between England and France, and he was only 
 answerable to the English Government for his conduct. 
 He repelled with scorn the insults and vile epithets 
 heaped upon Pitt and Wyndham, and hinted that the 
 
124 I n Troubled Waters 
 
 so-called prejudice formed against him, could not be 
 the real reason of his arrest. 
 
 He was detained by M. Desmarets for an hour, and 
 then reconducted to the wretched place which he had 
 quitted, which was if possible viler than before. He 
 obtained leave to address a letter to Mr. Merry but he 
 afterwards learnt that it never reached its destination. 
 He had been informed by M. Desmarets that he would 
 be brought before the Magistrate du Quartier. At 
 2 p.m. therefrom he was ushered into the presence of 
 M. Faridel, another ex-priest, passing on his course 
 through the public hall of the Police Office. This was 
 done that he might be identified by two emigres 
 brought thither for the purpose, who had been 
 recipients, by his hand, of the bounty of the English 
 Government in Jersey, when he was in command of the 
 Channel Island flotilla, and so knew him well. 
 
 Here the Duke experienced a similar examination to 
 that before M. Desmarets which he met in a similar way. 
 It appeared to him, that though M. Faridel asked him 
 a series of question, which he read from the paper before 
 him, he himself seemed to be at a loss to account for 
 the Duke's detention, not seeing in the prejudice of 
 M. Fouche sufficient reason for an act which was sure 
 to be resented by the English Government. He was 
 again removed to his filthy place of detention amongst 
 the ruffians of the police ; but after much iusistance he 
 obtained a hearing from a Commissary, who informed 
 him that great importance was attached to his arrest, 
 and that the Minister Fouche had gone to Malmaison 
 to consult the Consul as to the course to be pursued 
 towards him. 
 
In Troubled Waters 125 
 
 At length a message arrived from Mr. Merry but no 
 order for his release as lie had hoped; but only to 
 enquire to what prison in case of his removal he would 
 be sent. The Duke had been arrested and hurried away 
 before he could break his fast in the morning, and 
 although the long day was now drawing to a close had 
 obtained nothing to eat, but now he was allowed to 
 send for a cup of coffee, the first and only refreshment 
 he had that day. 
 
 M. Fouche was in and out of the office several times 
 during the day, but did not condescend to take any 
 notice of the- Duke, either intentionally or because he 
 had not yet resolved on his course of action. It was 
 not true that Fouche had gone toMalmaison; he went 
 to dine with Cambaceres, and after dinner to the Opera 
 Francaise, leaving an English officer under illegal 
 arrest to kick his heels in a police cell. There M. de 
 Bouillon remained until ten o'clock p.m. when a Com- 
 missary with a squad of police came in and told him he 
 must prepare to go to the Temple for the night. In 
 vain he protested ; he was hurried off to the courtyard, 
 where a fiacre was summoned, and escorted by the 
 Sbirri and accompanied by the Commissary, he was 
 driven to the Temple. 
 
 The Temple, like the Bastille, has disappeared forever 
 from the eyes of men. That sombre edifice, of which 
 the very stones cried out (lapides clamabunt) a living 
 witness to the undeserved sufferings of martyred royalty, 
 displeased the giant of modern warfare ; Napoleon 
 could tolerate no relics to arouse sympathy with a fallen 
 dynasty; nor was it advisable that a fickle people 
 should be continually reminded how the rulers of France 
 
126 In Troubled Waters 
 
 could be imprisoned and plain. So an Imperial decree 
 ordered its destruction, and the Temple ceased to exist 
 in Paris. But history cannot be destroyed by the 
 workman's pick, and as long as the world lasts the 
 sombre incidents associated with the donjon of the 
 Temple will cause its memory to dwell in the hearts 
 of men. Itself an accumulation of buildings of 
 divers periods and of various uses ; it was in the two 
 towers which dominated its main entrance that our 
 interest is concentrated, and which merit some descrip- 
 tion. 
 
 The grand tower, one hundred and fifiy feet in height, 
 and with walls nine feet thick, was flanked by four round 
 turrets with sharp pointed roofs, which also dominated 
 the gables, equally pointed, of the donjon. The small 
 tower built against the great one was neither so large 
 nor so high. It formed a long square, flanked by two 
 turrets which were surmounted by steep conical roofs. 
 The little tower, the prison of the unfortunate Louis 
 and his family, consisted of three stories and a ground 
 floor. On entering you ascended by four steps to the 
 front door, which opened on a landing whence 
 staited a spiral staircase. On the ground floor was a 
 large room used as an entrepot for the archives of the 
 Knights of Malta, and an apartment formerly used as a 
 kitchen. On the first story an antechamber, a dining- 
 room, and a library. The stair- ase widened from the 
 landing to the first story but contracted again on rising 
 to the second, which was occupied by an antechamber, 
 two bedrooms and two smaller rooms. In these latter 
 lodged the Queen, her two children and Madame 
 Elizabeth. The chamber of Marie Antoinette was 
 
In Troubled Waters 127 
 
 more cheerful than the others, as it looked out upon 
 the garden, and there the Royal family spent most of 
 their day. 
 
 The third story — where the King lodged — resembled 
 the second. The little room in the turret was used as 
 a reading-room by the King. A portion of the Palace 
 and all the adjacent buildings were levelled with the 
 ground, so that the tower was quite isolated. The 
 garden reserved for the daily exercise of the Royal family 
 was enclosed within lofty walls. Every casement in 
 the prison was protected by thick iron bars; the staircase, 
 which led to the King's apartment was defended by 
 six wickets so low and narrow that it was necessary 
 to squeeze through them in a stooping posture. There 
 was eight solid iron barriers betwixt the King and his 
 friends and freedom. 
 
 The tragic events connected with the Temple were so 
 recent, that the Duke de Bouillon must have been 
 strangely moved when he was ushered beneath its 
 sombre portal. Those awful and bloodstained doors 
 associated with the worst outbreaks of the reign of 
 Terror, must have struck a chill to the stoutest heart. 
 Few who had entered therein had ever left, except for 
 the tumbril which led to the guillotine. 
 
 It was eleven o'clock at night, and. after a careful 
 inspection of his person, the prisoner was registered 
 and then conducted to the dungeon on the ground floor, 
 where he was startled by the sight of a half-naked 
 figure, rolled up in a blanket and lying on a straw bag. 
 Roused by the grating of the iron door on its hinges, 
 this hideous apparition, pale and wan with hunger and 
 ferocious with suffering, reared itself up, and exclaimed 
 
128 In Troubled Waters 
 
 in a hollow voice, " Quoi done, une autre victime, est-ce-que 
 cela ne finir a jamais ? " 
 
 Such a dreadful sight excited his horror, and the Duke 
 hurried through the dismal dungeon, up the spiral stair- 
 case to a room on the second story into which he was 
 conducted, and which had been formerly occupied by 
 the Princess Elizabeth. Here he was now left, a prey 
 to the saddest memories and reflections ; but to a 
 staunch Eoyalist the place where he stood was indeed 
 sacred ; the floor had bean pressed by the feet of a 
 martyred queen, from the narrow window she had seen 
 horrors unspeakable, and bidden a voiceless farewell to 
 her blameless husband. Awed and saddened by such 
 memories as these, the Duke was ashamed of any selfish 
 reflections, and prepared to pass the night as best he 
 could. Fortunately his purse had not been taken from 
 him, so he was able to bribe the turnkey, to provide 
 him with some simple refreshment. A friendly voice 
 in the Bureau de Police had warned him to be careful 
 what he ate, as troublesome prisoners had often been 
 got rid of by poison, so he would touch nothing but the 
 simplest food, which could not easily be tampered with. 
 
 Tempted by the liberality of his new guest, the 
 chamberlain, as the turnkey was called, returned with 
 a cold fowl and some bread, and an unopened bottle of 
 wine, which was a grateful and necessary refreshment 
 for a man who during the whole day had only partaken 
 of a cup of coffee. A bag of straw and a filthy blanket 
 were all the bedding provided for him. As the turnkey 
 was retiring, the Duke asked him who was the luckless 
 wretch whom he had observed in the dungeon below. 
 
 " C'est tin inouton" replied the man in a whisper, 
 
hi Troubled Waters 129 
 
 "fermez lien votre porte." Pondering over the meaning 
 of these words, the unfortunate prisoner was left to his 
 own meditations, which were none of the pleasantest. 
 
 It was impossible to use the dirty bedding, so the 
 night was passed in pacing to and fro in his narrow 
 chamber, or leaning over a small stove which stood in 
 its centre. He racked his brain to account for his 
 arrest, for except that he was one of the hated English 
 he could see no reason for such treatment. But he was 
 wrong. Fouche\ by his spies, had been well aware of 
 the part that the Duke played during the Vendean 
 insurrection. He was a marked man in the police 
 records. He had put his head into the lion's mouth, a 
 perilous position when its anger is aroused. 
 
 He was confident that his detention would be of short 
 duration, as he felt sure that His Majesty's Ministers 
 would demand his release, and rescue him from his 
 desperate plight. So the night passed away. On the 
 morning of the 8th of September he was allowed to 
 walk in the little garden, where the Eoyal family had 
 been accustomed to take their daily stroll. Here he 
 met with some other prisoners, fellow-sufferers with 
 himself, and amongst them M. Fanche, the celebrated 
 bookseller of Neufchatel, with whom he had some 
 previous acquaintance. 
 
 Puzzled by the incidents of the previous night, he 
 questioned M. Fanche on the subject. What was a 
 " Mouton," and why did the turnkey warn him to be 
 careful in his intercourse with the wretched being whom 
 he had seen ? 
 
 M Fanche enlighted him. A mouton was a miserable 
 being in the pay of the police. Clothed in rags, filthy, 
 
130 In Troubled Waters 
 
 pale and emaciated, he excited the sympathy of his 
 fellow-prisoners. By these means he wormed himself 
 into their confidence and entrapped them into indiscreet 
 expressions of indignation against the ruling power. 
 These he sedulously repeated to the police to he used as 
 instruments for the destruction of the too confiding 
 detenues. 
 
 The Duke was disgusted at these disclosures. Such 
 abandoned wickedness excited his wrath, and with 
 much indignation he demanded of the Concierge that 
 this wretched man should he removed, and that he 
 himself should be treated with greater consideration. 
 His determined attitude and open purse had some 
 influence with his gaolers, for he was provided with 
 some clean bedding and decent refreshment, and the 
 next day his servant was allowed to come to him with 
 necessary clothes and linen, on condition that he also 
 remained in prison with his master. His legal adviser 
 was also permitted to visit him, with whom he discussed 
 the means for putting an end to his state of misery. 
 On the same afternoon, the third day of his imprison- 
 ment, the wickets were opened and he thought the order 
 for his release had come, but alas ! they only opened to 
 admit his friend and fellow-traveller, Major Dumaresq, 
 who came there equally ignorant with himself of the 
 cause of their arrest. So far as the Duke could 
 ascertain from the inquiries his agent was making 
 outside, Mr. Merry had made a formal application to 
 Talleyrand, Minister of Foreign Affairs, for his release, 
 but that astute official had not yet deigned to make 
 any reply. It was equally in vain that they endea- 
 voured to learn for what cause they had been arrested 
 
/;/ Troubled Waters 131 
 
 and imprisoned. The days and nights passed in anxious 
 expectation, but no order for their release arrived. 
 
 On the 12th of September, the order for their restor- 
 ation to freedom at last reached the prison, with 
 instructions for them to present themselves at the 
 Bureau de Police to obtain their papers. Here the 
 Duke had another interview with M. Desmarets, who 
 urged upon him to write to Talleyrand and disclose all 
 the diabolical plots which Pitt and Wyndham had 
 hatched against the French Republic ; plots which 
 existed only in the distorted imagination of the First 
 Consul and his advisers. 
 
 M. Desmarets informed him that they were all aware 
 why lie had visited France, and promised him that if he 
 would repeat all he knew about the schemes of the 
 English Government he would find it to his advantage, 
 hinting that the restoration of his Dukedom and Estates 
 might by that means be facilitated. 
 
 There was something to be said for the Secretary's 
 view of the matter. D'Auvergne had, it is true, been 
 born under the British flag, and had served for thirty 
 years in the English Navy, but he had been adopted 
 into a French family, and was at this time claiming to 
 be one of the principal nobles in France. 
 
 There was peace between his native and adopted 
 country. He could without disgrace, therefore, have 
 resigned his captain's commission in the British Navy, 
 and like many other Frenchmen of noble birth accepted 
 the rulers de-facto in France as the chosen of the people, 
 and whatever his private opinions may have been^ 
 submitted to the inevitable. But he decided otherwise. 
 Brought up as a loyal subject of the English Crown, 
 
132 In Troubled Waters 
 
 imbued by his Naval training with the strongest respect 
 for order and discipline, filled with hereditary loyalty 
 for the King of Prance and his fair Queen, he could 
 make no terms with assassins and rebels, who had 
 stepped to power over the corpse of the King they had 
 murdered. He regarded the existing rulers in France 
 not as legitimate successors to King Louis, but as 
 usurpers and tyrants : vox populi suprema lex was a 
 legal maxim which found no echo in his heart. The 
 motto of his house was the law of his life. Nous ne 
 changeons jamais! The D'Auvergnes had ever been 
 loyal to their kings, to their kings they would remain 
 loyal. So he indignantly refused to enter into any 
 communication, either with M. Fouche" or Minister 
 Talleyrand, and having gathered up his papers, retreated 
 with Major Dumaresq to his hotel. 
 
 The next day they received a note from M. Dubois, 
 Prefect of the Seine, to present themselves at the Bureau 
 de la Prefecture Generale de la Police, where they were 
 furnished with passports of such an equivocal nature as 
 to subject them to every mortification and hindrance 
 and were ordered to quit the French territory within 
 twenty-four hours. Considering the state of the roads, 
 and the insufficiency of the posting arrangements, 
 this was a physical impossibility. However the Duke 
 proceeded to M. Merry's house, where he obtained pass- 
 ports to replace those he had received from Lord 
 Hawkesbury, and of which he had been dispossessed. 
 Ordering post horses, with his companion he hurried 
 homeward as quickly as he could. 
 
 His aims in visiting Paris had been entirely frustrated. 
 He trusted that under the treaty of peace then existing, 
 
In Troubled Waters 133 
 
 he would be enabled to secure the inheritance which 
 had devolved upon him by the death of Duke James 
 Leopold. But he deceived himself. Instead of 
 receiving protection, he was treated as an enemy and 
 a spy.* He was arrested, insulted, and imprisoned. 
 His remonstrances and claims for justice were derided, 
 and finally he was expelled as an outcast from the 
 country. 
 
 The travellers arrived safely in England, and the 
 Duke proceeded at once to the Foreign Office, and gave 
 in detail to the Secretary of State an account of the 
 gross treatment to which he had been subjected in 
 Paris. His narrative fell upon sympathetic ears, and 
 the English public, when the facts were known, were 
 naturally indignaut that a British officer should have 
 been so treated. Questions were asked in the House of 
 Commons, when the Secretary of War's statement 
 of military expenditure was being discussed, on the 
 subject of Commodore D'Auvergne's arrest. 
 
 Dr. Lawrence animadverted on the acts of the French 
 Government in imprisoning and afterwards arbitrarily 
 sending out of the country a British officer. 
 
 The Chancellor of the Exchequer said as soon as the 
 British Minister in Paris heard of Commodore 
 D'Auvergne's imprisonment he made a demand for his 
 
 * la the Record Office (Government Search Room) there are 
 some despatches from Mr. Merry relating to the arrest of 
 the Due de Bouillon by order of Talleyrand and the 1st 
 Consul. In these Mr. Merry sets forth the hardship of the 
 Duke's case, saying the writer could vouch that he had 
 done nothing to warrant the arrest. Extracts from French 
 newspapers of the time are inclosed. 
 
134 I n Troubled Waters 
 
 release, which was immediately obtained. (This as we 
 have seen was not correct). Mr. Fox said if the national 
 honour had been really wounded in the person of a 
 British officer, there would be a much more justifiable 
 ground for war, than the conduct of France with regard 
 to Switzerland. In the House of Loids the arrest was 
 also the subject of a conversation amongst the Peers, 
 and Lord Pelham, on behalf of the Government, said 
 that in this instance the French Government had 
 released Count D'Auvergne as soon as application had 
 been made for that purpose by the British Minister. 
 
 It was evident from these debates, that the British 
 Government were not anxious for a breach with the 
 French at that time, so they extenuated as far as was 
 possible, the circumstances of arrest and subsequent 
 imprisonment ; nor could the Duke succeed in persuad- 
 ing them to take up his cause and demand reparation. 
 
 The Duke de Bouillon was at this time in a most 
 painful position. By the death of Duke James Leopold 
 he was by the act of adoption and will of Duke Godfrey, 
 by the decrees of the Assemble Generale of Bouillon, the 
 legal sovereign of that Duchy, but that province had 
 been united to France, and its independence destroyed. 
 By the deed of gift of his adopted father he had 
 inherited large estates in France and personal property 
 of great value, but the former had been confiscated and 
 declared domains nationaux and the latter sold or 
 destroyed. His only means of support was his pay as 
 a naval officer, which was inadequate even to maintain 
 his position as Commodore in the Channel Islands. 
 
 The great events which were taking place in Europe, 
 the deatli struggle into which our Government was 
 
In Troubled Waters 135 
 
 soon to outer with the gigantic forces of Napoleon, 
 the threatened invasion of our shores, swallowed up all 
 such minor considerations, as the succession of a subject 
 to a principality however ancient and notable. 
 
 D'Auvergne was indeed officially recognized as 1 Hike 
 de Bouillon by both George III and Louis XVIII but 
 they were powerless to help him. His was a forlorn 
 situation and he applied to himself the touching and 
 appropriate words of Bolingbroke in Shakespeare's 
 King Eichard II : — 
 
 I am denied to sue my livery here, 
 
 And yet my letters patent give me leave, 
 
 My father's goods are all distrained and sold, 
 
 And these, and all, are all amiss employed. 
 
 What would you have me do 1 
 
 Sigh my English breath in foreign climes 
 
 Eating the bitter bread of banishment ; 
 
 Whilst you have fed upon my seigneuries, 
 
 Disparked my parks, and felled my forest woods, 
 
 From my own windows torn my household coal, 
 
 Raz'd out my impress, leaving me no sign, 
 
 Save men's opinion, and my living blood. 
 
 To show the world I am a gentleman. 
 
 By virtue of his name and position D'Auvergne was 
 admitted into the highest rank of English society, but 
 his poor health and his poverty prevented him from 
 enjoying it. Soon after the Duke's expulsion from 
 France, the restless ambition of Napoleon broke the 
 truce lately concluded in Amiens. All Europe was 
 acrain in arms, and the Duke de Bouillon returned 
 to his old command in Jersey. In 1803 he hoisted his 
 broad pennant on the Severn, 44 guns, and with a 
 flotilla of gunboats and other vessels watched the 
 
136 In Troubled Waters 
 
 French coast, and guarded the Islands from attack. 
 But there was little to fear, no serious attempt was 
 made, and by the bright victory of Trafalgar the 
 naval power of France was crushed ; England was 
 supreme on the high seas, and all fear of an invasion 
 was at an end. 
 
 The Duke was a Knight of St. John of Jerusalem, 
 and by right of his birth and services became a member 
 of two celebrated Equestrian orders on the Continent. 
 In November, 1803, he was made at the Chapter of the 
 Order summoned by the Prince of Leiningen, Grand 
 Master, a Grand Cross and a Grand Commander of the 
 Equestrian Order of St. Joachim. A similar honour had 
 been paid in the previous year to Baron Nelson of the 
 Nile, who had been granted a Grand Cross of the same 
 order in July 13th, 1802. Thus the two Midshipmen 
 who in 1773 had shared the rigours of an Arctic voyage 
 in Captain Phipps's expedition, were now as Lord Nelson 
 and Duke de Bouillon united in the brotherhood of this 
 distinguished order. 
 
 The Duke was welcomed back to Jersey with open 
 arms. Proud as they were of their native country and 
 its people, all the islanders were flattered by the dis- 
 tinction and high position achieved by one of their sons. 
 He took up his residence at his beautiful home La 
 Bagatelle, and his place as the leading man in the island. 
 So great was his popularity, that the States of Jersey 
 passed a liberal vote for bounties for all seamen who 
 would volunteer to serve under his command, and by 
 this means one hundred of them were promptly raised 
 in the island. 
 
 It can well be imagined that the Duke de Bouillon 
 
In Troubled Waters 137 
 
 entertained some bitter feelings against the French 
 authorities and their tool Fouche. The indignities 
 heaped upon him, the physical suffering he had endured, 
 might not easily fade from his memory. He had reason 
 to suppose that during his detention in the Temple, 
 his life was in actual danger, and this opinion must have 
 been confirmed by an event which took place in the 
 year following his own imprisonment. Captain Wright, 
 E.N., commanding H.M.S. Vinceyo, having run ashore 
 on the French coast, was captured by the enemy, and 
 was sent to Paris by General Jullien, on the pretended 
 charge of being connected with a conspiracy against 
 Napoleon, and was confined in the Temple prison. 
 Here he was mysteriously and barbarously murdered, 
 by whose orders and for what reason must remain 
 alike unknown. This atrocity, so contrary to all the 
 rules of civilized warfare, filled Europe with horror ; 
 and so strong was the universal feeling against the 
 French Government of the time, that Napoleon thought 
 it necessary, when dictating his memoirs at St. Helena, 
 to deny all personal knowledge of the crime. Such a 
 fate might have befallen the Duke de Bouillon. 
 
 For these reasons he was anxious to obtain a ship on 
 a foreign station, and range her broadsides against the 
 tyrants, who were draining the life blood of his adopted 
 country, and avenge his own wrongs at the same time ; 
 but the English Government, well aware of the popu- 
 larity he enjoyed in the Channel Islands, sent him back 
 to his old command and kept him there till the cessation 
 of the war. 
 
 The Duke at once devoted himself to elaborating a 
 scheme for the defence of the island in case of invasion, 
 
 9 
 
138 In Troubled Waters 
 
 and for that purpose utilized an old MS. plan, previously 
 drawn up by Philip Dumaresq (an ancestor of the Major 
 Dumaresq who had been his fellow-prisoner in the 
 Temple) and by him presented to King James IL 
 
 Commodore D'Auvergne had the misfortune to lose 
 his flagship, the Severn, which was wrecked in Granville 
 Bay, on the 26th of October, 1804. She was driven on 
 the rocks by a violent gale, despite all the efforts of the 
 crew. All the military who were in the Barracks at 
 Granville turned out to rescue the crew, and by the 
 greatest exertions, men of the 18th and 64th Regiments 
 dragged boats along the sands, and forced them into 
 the sea. Officers and men were seen up to their waists 
 in water, striving to reach the ship, but in vain. For- 
 tunately boats from the Alcmene, which had weathered 
 the storm, reached the Severn, ropes were got to shore, 
 and the whole crew (about three hundred men) were 
 landed in safety, and all the stores and material saved. 
 
 The unhappy Duke was at this time a prey to ennui 
 and disappointment. Active service as a naval officer 
 was denied him ; the French dared not meet the British 
 ships on the high seas but sulked in their harbours. 
 The Revolution and its consequences had dashed the 
 cup of joy from his very lips. His rich inheritance was 
 lost to him, his dukedom absorbed into the French 
 Empire. Under such trials it is no wonder that even 
 his dauntless spirit was broken, and that he became 
 querulous and discontented. 
 
 In a letter to the Comte de Puisaye, dated October 
 4th, 1807, he says : 
 
 " I hope the Government will come at last to my 
 assistance. You, M. le Comte know well, better than 
 
In Troubled Waters 139 
 
 anyone in England, what a punishment it is for the 
 legal owner of Navarre to be condemned to vegetate in 
 a sordid way in an obscure hermitage, for no cause 
 except his devotion to his country. Look at my position. 
 I cannot conceal from myself, from the time of my 
 imprisonment in the Temple, that the services which I 
 had rendered to Jersey, were the only obstacles which 
 prevented my representations from obtaining for me 
 the legal estate and privileges of the sovereignty of 
 Bouillon, the establishment of which had been recog- 
 nised by the different treaties with the Empire." 
 
 His health, which had been seriously undermined 
 during his naval service in the East and West Indies, 
 was still very indifferent. He was a frequent sufferer. 
 In a letter to the Count de Puisaye, dated 5th of August, 
 1807, he writes : 
 
 " In your last you speak of my Chateau of Mont 
 Orgueil, which to-day is almost in ruins. I lead an 
 absolutely retired life, such as my health and my finances 
 compel." And again on the 5th of February, 1808 : 
 " I have been suffering torments since my last letter." 
 
 The Comte de Puisaye talked about the Chateau de 
 Mont Orgueil as the Duke's residence, but it was only 
 a picturesque ruin and quite uninhabitable. Part of it 
 had been fitted up as a store house, where arms and 
 provisions for the Royalist descents on France had 
 been laid up. 
 
 Mont Orgueil Castle is one of the most picturesque 
 ruins in the Channel Islands, from its lofty situation 
 and noble appearance. It stands on a rocky promontory, 
 and proudly overlooks the neighbouring coasts of 
 Normandy. It was anciently called (Jowray; but the 
 
140 hi Troubled Waters 
 
 Duke of Clarence, brother of Edward IV. lying at 
 Coutances, marked its stately beauty, which had defied 
 the attacks of the great du Guesclin, Constable of 
 France, and gave it the honourable name which it 
 bears. So jealous were the islanders of its super- 
 eminence, that no Frenchman was suffered to pass its 
 gates without being previously blind- folded. 
 
 The castle was at one time the residence of the 
 fugitive Charles II, and the prison of the astute William 
 Prynne, being sentenced by the Star Chamber as a 
 "scandalous, seditious and infamous person," to lose his 
 ears in the pillory, and to be imprisoned during his 
 Majesty's pleasure. He was accordingly sent to Mount 
 Orgueil, where he was kept in durance vile for two years. 
 Prynne, who was described by Clarendon as " not 
 unlearned in the profession of the law, so far as learning 
 is acquired by the mere reading of books," appears to 
 have been a better lawyer than poet. He solaced the 
 weary hours of imprisonment by writing a poem on the 
 place of his detention : 
 
 Mont Orgueil Castle is a lofty pile 
 Within the Eastern parts of Jersey Isle, 
 Seated upon a rock full large and high 
 Close by the sea shore next to Normandy. 
 All built of stone in which there mounted lie 
 Fifteen cast pieces of artillery 
 With sundry murdering chambers planted so 
 As best may fence itself and hurt a' foe : 
 A guard of soldiers (strong enough till warre 
 Begins to thunder) in it lodged are, 
 Who watch and ward it only night and day 
 For which the King allows them monthly pay — 
 and so on ad nauseam. 
 
 We know but little of the Duke's private life during 
 
/// Troubled Waters 14 1 
 
 his residence in Jersey which extended with short 
 intervals of absence from 1793 to 1814. He occasion- 
 ally visited London, where he resided at No 3 Spring 
 Gardens. It appears strange that Duke Godfrey, who 
 was so anxious to settle the succession to his Duchy 
 upon a firm basis, should not have arranged a marriage 
 between the Prince Successor and some noble lady by 
 whom he might have had issue. But whatever was 
 thought or done in the matter there is nothing now 
 extant to show that Philip D'Auvergne was ever 
 married. There is no mention of a wife either in the 
 decrees or declarations of the old Duke, or in the letters 
 of his Successors. 
 
 During his residence in Jersey the Prince formed a 
 connection with a French lady, and by her had children 
 whom he acknowledged, and brought up in his own 
 house. His only son, named Philip after his father, a 
 midshipman in the Royal Navy, died on board H.M.S. 
 Africaine on the East India Station, on the 18th of 
 March, 1815, in his seventeenth year, and was buried at 
 Colombo. A daughter, Mary Anne Charlotte, who was 
 born on the 14th of November, 1794, was married at 
 Jersey in July, 1815, to Captain Prescott, Koyal Navy 
 (afterwards Admiral Sir Henry Prescott, G.C.B.) 
 
 Commodore D'Auvergne's long and valuble services 
 were recognised by the Admiralty, and he was promoted 
 to the rank of Pear Admiral of the Blue on the 9th of 
 November, 1805, then to be Pear Admiral of the AVhite : 
 and on July 30th, 1810, he was created Vice-Admiral of 
 the Blue, transferred to the White Squadron on the 4th 
 October, 1813, and subsequently made Vice Admiral of 
 the Bed. 
 
PART V 
 
 Cbe (Brasp of tbe Sceptre 
 
PAET V 
 
 THE GRASP OF THE SCEPTRE 
 
 Duke James Leopold was, as we have seen, a blighted 
 branch of a tree hitherto celebrated for brilliant off- 
 shoots. His absolute nonentity saved his head from 
 the guillotine, but could not save his estates from 
 spoliation. 
 
 During ten miserable years he struggled against the 
 rapacity of his assailants, with a tenacity and courage 
 unexpected in a man of his temperament. The 
 extravagances of Duke Godfrey and his immediate 
 predecessors had deeply embarrassed the family 
 property. A revenue of 750,000 livres per annum had 
 been reduced to 300,000. The debts on the estates 
 amounted to 2,000,000. Weighed down under these 
 liabilities, Duke James accepted an offer from M. Eoy, 
 Minister of Finance ; and an arrangement was made by 
 which in return for a certain sum paid down and an 
 annuity, all the estates of the House of Bouillon were 
 mortgaged to the Minister. M. Eoy took up his abode 
 
146 The Grasp" of the Sceptre 
 
 at Navarre, where he maintained a certain kind of 
 state. 
 
 On the death of Duke James Leopold, in 1802, M. 
 Roy and his associates attempted to appropriate the 
 estates to the prejudice of Philip D'Auvergne and the 
 other heirs. But the lion appeared who scattered all 
 these jackals. The Emperor Napoleon decreed that 
 the estates of M. de Bouillon were national properties : 
 and subsequently in a treaty signed at Bayonne, in 1808, 
 Navarre was given to the Prince of Asturias in exchange 
 for the Kingdom of Spain and the Indies. This treaty 
 was never carried out. The Prince of Asturias, in 
 exchange for his Royalties, acquired only a prison cell at 
 Valancy. Napoleon had other projects for Navarre. 
 
 After her divorce, Navarre was selected by Napoleon 
 as the residence of the Empress Josephine. Here, sad 
 and neglected, she maintained a melancholy state, 
 waited on by a grumbling retinue, who found the great 
 halls cold and cheerless, the despoiled gardens and 
 forest damp and dreary * 
 
 * Social etiquette is more worshipped in the servants' hall 
 than in the Salon. The cooks would not dine at the same 
 table as the under-cooks and kitchen-maids, the frotteurs 
 with the feutriers, the chamber-maids with the house-maids. 
 It was necessary at Navarre to have twenty-two separate 
 tables at dinner, but these being found too expensive were 
 reduced to sixteen. With all this the footmen and grooms 
 were boarded out. 
 
 Josephine wished to put an end to the stiff etiquette of a 
 Court which bored her. She mingled with her people and 
 was accessible to all. This displeased the Emperor, who 
 wrote to the Countess d'Arberg, that the strict ceremony o 
 the Tuilleries must be retained at Navarre. He directed 
 
The Grasp of the Sceptre 147 
 
 Josephine tried to relieve the ennui of her life by 
 impromptu dances and fetes to which were invited the 
 bourgeoise of Evreux and its neighbourhood, and the 
 officers from the barracks, a rowdy crowd of parvenus 
 and soldiers of fortune. The portraits of the old Dukes 
 of Bouillon and Marshalls of France frowned down upon 
 the antics of this motley throng, which skipped across 
 the Hall of the Guards, and picniced under the old 
 beeches and oaks which aforetime had sheltered the fair 
 Margaret de Yalois. 
 
 In the arrogance of his undisputed power, Napoleon 
 created a Duke of Navarre in the person of the son of 
 Prince Eugene Napoleon, and endowed the title with 
 the revenues of the ancient Duchy of Bouillon and the 
 Auvergne estates. 
 
 From the Tour du Prince His Serene Highness Philip 
 D'Auvergne, by the Grace of God and the will of his 
 people Duke de Bouillon, but by an evil fortune and the 
 power of Napoleon an exile, without throne or dominions, 
 could look across the fair fields of Normandy, to where 
 his own Chateau of Navarre was made the sport of 
 kings and adventurers. There seemed no hope of any 
 change ; all Europe lay prostrate at the feet of Napoleon; 
 in little sea-girt Britain alone the lamp of liberty 
 remained steadily alight. Austerlitz was answered by 
 Trafalgar. 
 
 The Royalist cause was quite discredited in Europe ; 
 and in France it would have been easy for Napoleon, 
 
 that the household of the ex-Empress should wear a uniform 
 of green with collar and cuffs of black velvet, with a tracing 
 of thin gold lace. Her women also were to wear robes of 
 bright green. 
 
148 The Grasp of the Sceptre 
 
 after the treaty of Tilsit, to have consolidated his 
 dynasty on the throne ; but aiming at universal 
 sovereignty he measured himself against the Colossus 
 of the North, and fell back, discomfited by fire, cold and 
 famine, more powerful than armies. Like wolves, the 
 nations of Europe fell upon his retreating forces ; 
 disaster followed upon disaster till the final scene at 
 Fontainbleau, and the abdication of the Emperor; 
 but foreign armies occupied the sacred soil of France, the 
 Russian Imperial Guard encamped at Navarre, and the 
 officers of the Czar slept in the Chateau of Turenne. 
 
 The Duke de Bouillon was compelled to remain a 
 passive spectator of these great and stirring events. 
 As by Van Tromp's broom the narrow seas had been 
 swept clear of all enemies by our dauntless navies, no 
 fear of invasion disturbed the sleep of the fair Jersiaises. 
 The Royalist descents on France had long since ceased, 
 and many of the ci-devant aristocrats were serving in 
 the armies of Napoleon, or strutting about the galleries 
 of Versailles and the Tuilleries. 
 
 Vice Admiral D'Auvergne remained in Jersey until 
 1813, when he was appointed to succeed Admiral Har- 
 good in command at Guernsey. The inhabitants of the 
 island moved by the same friendly sentiments towards 
 the Prince, as those held by the Jersiaia welcomed him 
 with an address as follows : — 
 
 " Guernsey, 
 
 20th of May, 1813. 
 Sir,— 
 
 We the members of the Committee appointed by 
 the principal merchants and other inhabitants of this island, 
 to carry into effect their resolutions of the 15th December, 
 
The Grasp of the Sceptre 149 
 
 1811, have now the honour of presenting to Your Serene 
 Highness, through the medium of Harry Dobree, Esq, our 
 Chairman, the piece of plate which they unanimously voted 
 as a faint token of their respect and esteem for your Serene 
 Highness, and of their grateful sentiments for the effectual 
 protection afforded to their trade, during the period of Your 
 Serene Highness' s Command on the Station. 
 
 Your Serene Highness will permit us on this occasion to 
 express the pleasure we experience at having been deputed 
 by our fellow citizens to communicate sentiments in which 
 we as individuals so sincerely participate. 
 
 We have the honour to be 
 
 Your most obedient and humble servants, 
 
 Harry Dobree, Chairman, and many others." 
 
 To which the Duke replied : — 
 
 "Gentlemen, 
 
 I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of 
 the letter of the 20th instant that you did me the honour to 
 address and convey to me by Mr. Harry Dobree, and of 
 repeating to you, Gentlemen, the high sense I must ever 
 entertain of the sentiments it expresses on my humble 
 endeavours to conciliate due attention to the interests of the 
 Islands, with the pursuit of my professional duties, when in 
 the Chief Command in the Naval Station. The vote and 
 the declaration of your unanimous suffrages in such flattering 
 terms very highly honours me ; as if I could only be certain 
 of my disposition to merit them, they amply compensate for 
 the anxieties naturally attending the important trust con- 
 fided to me of protecting your commerce, and observing the 
 movements of a vigilant and insidious foe, so much within 
 reach of insulting and depredating on your property. 
 
 The elegant testimonial of esteem and regard that you 
 have been pleased to convey to me by the friendly hand of 
 Mr. Dobree, your Chairman, I have received with the same 
 sentiments, it will remain an heirloom in my family, that 
 will recall to my successors in the Service the libera! support 
 
1 50 The Grasp of the Sceptre 
 
 granted to professional exertions in your Island, thegenerosity 
 of its inhabitants and my personal gratitude. 
 
 I beseech you, gentlemen, to accept with kindness, what is 
 preferred with sincerity my cordial and grateful thanks to 
 those who with you, and through your friendly good offices 
 have thus honoured ine with their c msideration ; and that 
 the Chairman and Gentlemen of the Committee will further 
 do me the favour collectively and individually, to receive 
 the assurances of the sincere respect and regard with which 
 I have the honour to be, Gentlemen, 
 
 Your obliged and very obedient servant, 
 
 D'AUVERGNE AND BOUILLON, 
 
 Vice- Admiral." 
 
 The Duke remained in charge of the Squadron 
 protecting the Channel Islands until the spring of 
 1814. He took an active part in all matters connected 
 with Jersey. La Bagatelle was always open to the 
 many French and English friends who made the 
 Island a sort of half-way-house between the two 
 countries : amongst others to Monseigneur le Due de 
 Berri, who took up his residence in Jersey for some 
 months. 
 
 The rising in La Vendee had long since been sup- 
 pressed. The Royalist cause was dead. M. de Puisaye 
 had abandoned all hope of success in his endeavours to 
 lestore the exiled Royalists, and had crossed the 
 Atlantic to see if any place for the emigres could be 
 found amongst their ancient compatriots in Lower 
 Canada. 
 
 The return of the Bourbons raised the hopes of the 
 dispossessed Duke de Bouillon. Now at last his 
 troubles were over — the long expected inheritance was 
 to be his, his services and sacrifices for the Royalist 
 
The Grasp of the Sceptre 1 5 1 
 
 cause were to meet with an adequate reward. Hasten- 
 ing to Paris with the Duke de Berri he was received 
 by Louis XVIII with the consideration and respect to 
 which his rank and eminent services entitled him. His 
 succession to the Duchy of Bouillon was recognized and 
 his claim to the estates and property under the deed 
 of gift of Duke Godfrey was admitted. But how was 
 the property to be recovered — the estates had been 
 sold or granted to others ! The priceless pictures and 
 works of art destroyed or dispersed, a mere wreck 
 of the great fortune of the old Dukes remained. 
 
 After paying his devoirs to his Suzerain, the Duke 
 de Bouillon hastened to his Duchy, where he was 
 favourably received by the inhabitants. The duplicate 
 decrees, declarations, will, etc., which had, with wise 
 foresight, been deposited in England by the old Duke, 
 were produced and read before the Council of State and 
 the Assemhlee Generate ; the Duke was accepted by 
 them as their lawful Sovereign, the oaths of fidelity 
 were taken, proclamations issued, and he was seated 
 on the throne as reigning Sovereign of the Duchy. 
 
 After so many tedious years of waiting the Duke 
 had at last GRASPED THE SCEPTRE, the goal had 
 been reached. Through all the vicissitudes of his 
 career Philip D'Auvergne's ambition had helped him 
 on — he had faith in himself, never missed an oppor- 
 tunity for mental improvement, did his duty as a man 
 and an officer, and raised himself by his own exertions 
 to the top of his profession. In his relations to Duke 
 Godfrey he had never changed. Grateful as he was for 
 the Duke's generosity and parental kindness and the 
 brilliant future which was opened before him, he bad 
 
152 The Grasp of the Sceptre 
 
 never wavered from his loyalty to the English flag 
 and his devotion to his profession. When he might 
 have spent his days in inglorious ease at the Chateau 
 de Navarre, he had in obedience to the call of duty 
 preferred to risk his life in the arduous duties of a 
 Naval officer. 
 
 The Duke, who was now in his 60th year, devoted 
 himself heart and soul to the welfare of his new sub- 
 jects; but how changed was the Bouillon he had known 
 of old ! Attacked alternately by Austrians and French, 
 a shuttlecock between two contending armies, torn by 
 intestine troubles and civil warfare, the old town had 
 been nearly destroyed; the Courts of Justice contain- 
 ing the ancient records had been burnt down ; the 
 Castle sacked and pillaged, the ancient halls, which 
 had been the home of the old Duke dismantled, his 
 people impoverished, his property wasted. There was 
 much to occupy his anxious attention. 
 
 The events of 1814 did not detach Bouillon from the 
 French Monarchy, and it was replaced in the same 
 position that it held before the Revolution, as a 
 Sovereign Duchy under the protection of France, the 
 fort being garrisoned by French soldiers. When Duke 
 Philip ascended the throne the Supreme Court of 
 Bouillon resumed its judicial functions. It was re- 
 opened with great pomp, and all its ancient privileges 
 as a final Court of Appeal, and the right of its members 
 to sit in Court with swords at their hips, were acknow- 
 ledged and restored by the Duke. 
 
 The Lilliputian army of Bouillon again rallied round 
 the representative of its old Dukes ; clad in white with 
 black facings they followed the white flag of the Bour- 
 
The Grasp of the Sceptre 153 
 
 bons charged with the red escutcheon of Bouillon. 
 The princes of the house of La Tour D'Auvergne, just 
 and humane, were always beloved by their subjects. 
 The Ordinances they passed for the administration of 
 their Duchy, remain for ever a monument to the natural 
 goodness of their hearts, and the honesty of their in- 
 tentions. 
 
 Duke Philip, from our knowledge of his previous 
 career, would no doubt have proved a wise and 
 generous ruler, but alas ! little time was allowed him 
 to show the stuff of which he was made. He had not 
 been settled upon the throne for a year, when Napoleon 
 escaped from Elba. France was in arms, and the Duke 
 felt himself compelled during the Hundred Days to 
 withdraw from his new inheritance. 
 
 The battle of Waterloo was fought. France was 
 again invaded — Napoleon a prisoner. Prussian Hussars 
 stabled their horses in the vast Courtyard of Navarre, 
 and established their head-quarters in its salons. 
 They left sad tokens of their occupation ! The marble 
 walls were covered by gross designs in charcoal; the 
 rich ornaments of the ceilings and cornices were hacked 
 to pieces by their swords ; the damask furniture ripped 
 up; the gobelin tapestry cut into shreds — everything 
 befouled by filth and ordure. 
 
 This new bouleversement restored Duke Philip once 
 more to the peaceful enjoyment of his right as a 
 sovereign Prince, and of such of his hereditary property 
 as he might possibly recover, until the Congress of 
 Vienna met to re-adjust the map of Europe which had 
 been torn in pieces by the Corsican Usurper. 
 
 Before this august tribunal the Duke laid his claim 
 
154 The Grasp of the Sceptre 
 
 to the Duchy of Bouillon founded upon the letters of 
 Adoption by Duke Godfrey, the Constitutional Decrees 
 of the Assembled Generale of Bouillon, the Declarations, 
 Will, and Codicil of the Duke, the oaths of fidelity to 
 the succession and to himself personally, taken by the, 
 officials and inhabitants of Bouillon. 
 
 A Commission was appointed by the Congress, con- 
 sisting of the Courts of Austria, Prussia and Sardinia 
 to arbitrate on the claim, which was opposed by the 
 Prince de Rohan, Duke de Montbazon, who founded 
 his claims on his nearer relationship to the ancient 
 Dukes of Bouillon, even allowing the pedigree of the 
 Prince D'Auvergne to be authentic, which was denied. 
 
 From a legal point of view the reigning Duke's claim 
 was good. The right of adoption was admitted and 
 had been exercised in many instances in France — Duke 
 Godfrey's Will was perfectly valid — the present Duke 
 had been recognised as the Sovereign by the Estates of 
 the Duchy, by the Kings of France and England, 
 so it seems difficult to imagine on what grounds the 
 Arbitrators based their decision. 
 
 Sir John Sewell appeared for the Duke de Bouillon, 
 and urged his claims with energy and ingenuity, but to 
 no avail. The Arbitrators gave their decision in favour 
 of the Duke de Montbazon on the grounds of public 
 interest. It was a cruel and unjust verdict. There was 
 no pretence that the legal right was not virtually clear 
 and virtually unopposed, and the Duke never depended 
 for his rights upon his legitimate heirship by blood, but 
 upon his adoption, and the legal rights which he had 
 acquired under the various documents executed. 
 Duke Godfrey had consulted the best authorities and 
 
The Grasp of the Sceptre 155 
 
 was persuaded that he had done everything to secure 
 the throne to the Prince Successor, and no doubt he had, 
 but forpolitical reasons, and in defiance of law and justice, 
 the Arbitrators gave their decision in favour of the Duke 
 ile Montbazon, invested him with the title of Duke de 
 Bouillon, which his descendants now bear, and with 
 the possession of part of the estates. The territory of 
 Bouillon was incorporated with the Grand Duchy of 
 Luxembourg. 
 
 There can be no doubt that the fact of the Admiral 
 being an English subject militated against his cause, as, 
 despite the great services rendered by the English 
 Government and people in the wars against Napoleon, 
 there was great jealousy at our ascendency in European 
 politics; and the Powers looked with displeasure at the 
 idea of placing an Englishman on the throne of even 
 such a small Duchy as that of Bouillon. 
 
 The decision was not arrived at until July, 1816, so 
 the unfortunate Admiral was kept in long and troubled 
 suspense. 
 
 Always poor and in debt, this long and costly 
 litigation completed his ruin. His half pay as a vice- 
 Admiral was his only means of subsistence, as all the 
 jewels and other valuables, acquired through the 
 generosity of Duke Godfrey had been swallowed up in 
 legal expenses. Creditors were threatening, his wealthy 
 and aristocratic friends deserted him, the French King 
 and the lioyalist Party for whom lie had worked so 
 faithfully for so many years, moved not hand nor 
 tongue in his behalf. Friendless and forlorn, broken 
 down in health and spirits, lie sank and died at Bolmes 
 Hotel in Parliament Street, on the IGth of September, 
 
156 The Grasp of the Sceptre 
 
 1816, in the 62ud year of his age, and was buried on the 
 22nd of the same month at St Margaret's Church, 
 Westminster. What a pitiable end to all his aspirations, 
 to all his achievements ! In a hired room, on a hired 
 bed, in a second-rate London hotel lay dead Monseigneur 
 His Serene Highness Philip d'Auvergne by the Grace of 
 God and the will of his people Due de Bouillon Vicomte 
 de Turenne, Due d'Albert and de Chateau Thierry, 
 Comte d'Auvergne, Comte d'Evreux et du bas 
 Armagnac, Baron de la Tour, Oliergues, Maringues, and 
 Mont-gacon, pair de France — dead with only one friend 
 and relation to close his faded eyes. 
 
 A popular writer, perhaps to deepen the shadows in 
 his narrative, has asserted that the Duke committed 
 suicide, when he heard of the ruin of his fortunes. This 
 was not so. His health, which had never been strong, 
 and which had been grievously strained by the 
 vicissitudes of his Naval career, broke down altogether 
 beneath the accumulated anxieties of the past two years. 
 There was no need to resort to violence. Death, the 
 friend of man, the antidote for sorrow, came to him in his 
 hour of need, and gently released him from all suffering. 
 
 After his life of heroic endeavour and unremitting 
 toil the Duke was laid to rest in the little church under 
 the shadow of the great Abbey, his funeral expenses and 
 most pressing debts being defrayed by his son-in-law, 
 Captain Prescott, K.N., who also erected in the church 
 a small marble table to his memory. 
 
 Philip, Duke de Bouillon, was in person of middle 
 height; with broad shoulders and a well-knit figure. 
 He was a handsome man with fair hair and blue eyes, 
 the expression of his face was amiable, and he had a 
 
The Grasp of the Sceptre 157 
 
 winning smile. Brave he was, of course, but so were 
 thousands of gallant sailors, his compatriots, but there 
 were few who to physical gallantry added the mental 
 qualities, which distinguished him from the majority. 
 Specially selected at the age of nineteen for his 
 mathematical studies to accompany the Polar expedition, 
 chosen by Lord Howe to conduct a delicate negotiation 
 with the American commanders, he must in early life 
 have been distinguished amongst his fellow officers for 
 ability and prudence. 
 
 Far from seeking, as his detractors alleged, to impose 
 on a credulous old man, d'Auvergne seemed almost to 
 avoid the honours and wealth thurst upon him. Instead 
 of waiting in inglorious ease until his inheritance 
 should fall to him by lapse of time, he was always at 
 the front, risking his life all over the world in the 
 service of his country. To himself might be applied the 
 words which he inscribed upon his father's monument — 
 
 "He passed a virtuous life with the general and 
 particular esteem of all classes of his fellow citizens to 
 which he was justly entitled, for he feared God and 
 honoured the King." 
 
 The eight years during which he was alms-giver for 
 the British Government, and when about £100,000 per 
 annum passed through his hands, left him poorer than 
 before, and despite the epithets of spy and traitor 
 heaped upon him, he retained the confidence of the 
 British Ministry and the approbation of the British 
 Monarch. "We have seen in what warm terms he was 
 spoken of by the French Royalists, and he seems to 
 have acquired the respect and admiration of all with 
 whom he was brought into contact. 
 
158 The Grasp of the Sceptre 
 
 Few men have experienced greater vicissitudes of 
 fortune, yet throughout he maintained a remarkable 
 equanimity of temper, and he only repined when he 
 was excluded, as he thought unjustly, from fighting in 
 the front line of battle against the King's enemies. 
 But as Lord Howe had once told him, the Government 
 was the best judge as to the position he was best 
 qualified to fill, and that it was not the rate of the ship 
 nor the apparent situation of the officer that gave 
 importance to his services. 
 
 The decision of the Congress of Vienna was we repeat 
 a cruel and unjust one. It was based, as the judgment 
 itself admitted, on " Considerations of General Policy" 
 in defiance of private rights. There was no appeal 
 against its decisions. An insignificant Duchy — the 
 claims of an English Admiral however legal — what were 
 they to a tribunal which was deciding the fate of 
 Empires and Kingdoms. 
 
 Upon our little drama the curtain has fallen. Our 
 tale is ended. Through many trials and adventures 
 our Prince came to his inheritance, only to be robbed, 
 forsaken and betrayed. His bones rest in an unmarked 
 grave; no stately monument records his deeds and 
 character ; his possessions were dispersed ; his name 
 forgotten; the old oaks in his ancient forest of 
 Evreux have been cut down ; the old halls which 
 saw him in his youth and pride, surrounded by obse- 
 quious courtiers and grit with the jewelled sword of 
 Turenne, now empty and dismantled, echo the footstep 
 of the traveller as he paces through these scenes of 
 departed grandeur. 
 
 With Philip d'Auvergne, the last Duke of the great 
 
The Grasp of the Sceptre I 59 
 
 house of La Tour d'Auvergne vanished from the splendid 
 roll of the Peers of France. 
 
 Note.— In St. Helier's Parish Church a monument was 
 erected to Charles d'Auvergne and his second wife, Miss 
 Bandinel. The inscription runs as follows : — 
 
 In Memory of 
 
 Charles d'Auvergne, 
 
 An Honourable native of this Island. 
 
 Descended from an ancient and illustrious 
 
 Race on the Continent 
 
 He passed a long and virtuous life with the General and 
 
 Particular esteem of all Classes of his fellow Citizens 
 
 To which he was justly entitled 
 
 For 
 He feared God and honoured the King, 
 Born in the year 1722 
 He died in the year 1797 
 His venerable remains are deposited 
 
 Under the Family Seat 
 To consecrate which 
 
 His second surviving son 
 Philip, Prince of Bouillon 
 
 Captain in the Royal Navy 
 As a grateful tribute of filial piety 
 Inscribed this tablet 
 
 A.D. MDCCXCIX. 
 
 Here also are deposited the 
 
 Remains of 
 Elizabeth Bandinel 
 
 Wife of Charles d'Auvergne, Esq. 
 Who died on the 28th Sept., 1803. 
 
 In the 64th year of her age 
 To her unostentatious virtues this simple 
 Monument is inscribed 
 
 By her affectionate daughter 
 Ann Le Gros. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 GRANT OF ARMS BY THE HERALDS' COLLEGE 
 
 To all and Singular to whom these presents shall come 
 Sir Isaac Heard, Knight Garter, Principal King of 
 Arms, and Thomas Lock, Esqre., Clarenceux, King of 
 Arms of the South East and West Parts of England 
 from the River Trent Southwards send Greeting. 
 
 Whereas His Majesty by Warrant under his Royal 
 Signet and Sign Manuel bearing date the first day of 
 January last, signified to the Most Noble Charles Duke 
 of Norfolk, Earl Marshal, and hereditary Marshal of 
 England, that he hath been graciously pleased to con- 
 firm unto Major General James D'Auvergne and his 
 Brother Charles D'Auvergne and their Descendants 
 the Family Armorial Ensigns of His Serene Highness 
 Godfrey Charles Henry De la Tour D'Auvergne, Duke 
 de Bouillon, etc., who by an instrument under his 
 Hand and Seal dated the 30th of August, 1786, and 
 registered in the College of Arms hath recognised them 
 as descendants with himself from the ancient Counts 
 D'Auvergne such Arms being first duly exemplified 
 according to the Laws of Arms and recorded in the 
 Herald's Office. And for as much as the said Earl 
 Marshal did by Warrant under his Hand and Seal 
 bearing date the fifteenth Day of January last 
 
1 62 Appendix 
 
 authorize and direct us to exemplify and confirm the 
 said Armorial Ensigns accordingly. Know Ye therefore 
 that We, the said Garter and Clarenceux, in obedience 
 to His Majesty's Command in pursuance of his Grace's 
 Warrant and by virtue of the Letters Patent of our 
 several officers to each of us respectively granted under 
 the Great Seal of Great Britain do by these Presents 
 exemplify and confirm to the said Major General James 
 D'Auvergne and his brother Charles D'Auvergne the 
 Arms following, viz., quarterly, first and fourth Azure 
 semee of Fleurs de Lis or a Tower Argent ; second and 
 third or a Gonfalon Gules fringed Vert; over all in the 
 centre for distinction, a slip of oak proper fructed gold, 
 and for a crest on a wreath of the colours a tower 
 argent distinguished as the Arms, as the same are in 
 the margin hereof more plainly, depicted to be borne 
 and used for ever hereafter by him the said Major- 
 General James D'Auvergne and by his said brother 
 Charles D'Auvergne and their respective descendants 
 with due and proper differences according to the Laws 
 of Arms without the let or interruption of any person 
 or persons whatsoever. 
 
 In witness whereof we the said Garter and Clarenceux 
 Kings of Arms have to these presents subscribed our 
 names and affixed the Seals of our several offices this 
 ninth day of June in the twenty-seventh year of the 
 reign of our Sovereign Lord, George the third, by the 
 Grace of God King of Great Britain, France, and Ire- 
 land, Defender of the Faith, etc., and in the year of our 
 Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven. 
 Isaac Heard Garter, Thomas Lock Clarenceux, 
 Principal King of Arms. King of Arms, 
 
THE KING'S LICENCE AND PERMISSION 
 
 For Philip D'Auvergne, Esq. to accept and enjoy 
 
 the Nomination and Succession 
 
 to 
 
 the Sovereignty of the Duchy of Bouillon, 
 
 &c, &c, &c. 
 
 George Pi. 
 
 George the Third, by the grace of God, King of 
 Great Britain, France (? J. L. P.), and Ireland, Defender 
 of the Faith, &c, to our right trusty and right entirely 
 beloved Cousin, Charles Duke of Norfolk, Karl Marshal, 
 and Our Hereditary Marshal of England, greeting. 
 Whereas Philip D'Auvergne, Esq., a Captain in Our 
 Navy, hath by his Petition humbly represented unto 
 Us, that His Serene Highness, Godfrey, reigning Duke 
 of Bouillon, did in the year 1786 recognise, acknowledge, 
 and reclaim the Petitioner's Family as Descendants 
 from his Ancestors, the ancient Counts D'Auvergne, 
 which recognition We were graciously pleased to order 
 to be recorded in the College of Arms, and at the same 
 time to confirm to the Petitioner's Father and Uncle, 
 and their Descendants, the family Armorial Ensigns ol 
 His Serene Highness. That his said Serene Highness 
 being requested by his Subjects, the inhabitants of the 
 
164 The King's Licence and Permission 
 
 said Duchy of Bouillon, in a General Assembly, to 
 select from some Branch of his illustrious House, a 
 successor in the Sovereignty of Bouillon, in case the 
 present Hereditary Prince, His Serene Highness's only 
 son, should die without lawful issue, hath been 
 graciously pleased, out of his great favour and affection 
 to the Petitioner, to announce to his said Subjects, by 
 a declaration dated 25th June last, that in case 
 of the death of the Prince his Son without issue male, 
 he transmits, at the desire, and with the expressed and 
 formal consent of the Nation, the Sovereignty of his 
 said Duchy of Bouillon to the Petitioner (whom he 
 therein stiles, "Son Altesse Monseigneur Philippe 
 D'Auvergne, Son fils Adopte "), and the heirs male of 
 his body, authorizing him to take the title of Prince- 
 Successor to the Sovereignty of the Duchy of Bouillon, 
 enjoining him to unite those arms with his own, and 
 ordaining that the said title should be given him in all 
 acts, and that he should enjoy all the honours and 
 prerogatives thereunto belonging : that the said declara- 
 tion, adoption and choice of his said Serene Highness, 
 is further confirmed by a Codicil to his last Will and 
 Testament, deposited in the archives of the Sovereign 
 Court of Bouillon, approved and ratified by the Heredi- 
 tary Prince, in a declaration dated at Paris, 5th July last, 
 and unanimously accepted and received by the General 
 Assembly of the Duchy, who have in consequence taken 
 the oath of fidelity, both to the Hereditary Prince, and 
 to the Petitioner, as Prince Successor. That the 
 Petitioner is desirous of testifying his grateful sense of 
 such very distinguishing proofs of the affection of His 
 Serene Highness the Duke of Bouillon, and of his Son, 
 
The King's Licence and Permission 165 
 
 His Serene Highness the Hereditary Prince, as well as 
 of the regard and attachment of the Subjects of the 
 said Duke, manifested in the unanimous declaration of 
 the General Assembly ; at the same time, he humbly 
 begs leave to assure Us of his inviolable attachment 
 and duty to Our Person and Government, and his firm 
 resolution never to abandon the service of his Country, 
 or the line in which he has now the honour of holding 
 a command, trusting that his future faithful exertions 
 may afford him hopes of further promotion and honour ; 
 he therefore most humbly prays, that We will be 
 graciously pleased to grant him Our Royal Licence and 
 Permission to accept and enjoy the said Nomination 
 and Succession, with all honours and privileges belong- 
 ing and inherent thereto and to unite the arms of the 
 said Duchy of Bouillon to his own ; and also, that We 
 will be graciously pleased to command that the several 
 Documents, relative thereto, be recorded in the College 
 of Arms. Know ye, that We, of our princely grace and 
 special favour, have given and granted, and by these 
 Presents do give and grant unto him, the said Philip 
 D'Auvergue, Esq., Our Royal Licence and Permission 
 to accept and enjoy the said Nomination and Succession 
 to the Sovereignty of the said Duchy of Bouillon, and 
 to unite the Arms of the said Duchy to his own, pro- 
 vided that the several Documents relative thereto be 
 recorded in the College of Arms ; otherwise, this Our 
 Licence and Permission to be void and of none effect. 
 Our Will and Pleasure therefore is, that you Charles, 
 Duke of Norfolk, to whom the cognizance of matters of 
 this nature doth properly belong, do require and com- 
 mand that this Our Concession and Declaration be 
 
1 66 The King's Licence and Permission 
 
 registered in Our College of Arras, to the end that Our 
 Officers of Arras, and all others, upon occasion may 
 take full notice and have knowledge thereof. And for 
 so doing, this shall be your Warrant. Given at Our 
 Court at St. James's the 27th day of February, 1792, in 
 the thirty-second years of Our Eeign. 
 
 By His Majesty's Command, 
 
 Henry Dundas. 
 
 Warrant granting the Bank of Grand Commander or 
 Grand Cross of the Order of St. Joachime. 
 
 Supremus 
 
 Secularis Capitularisque Ordinis Equestris 
 Sti Joachimi Magister Electus 
 
 Nos Ferdinandus Carolus Dei 
 Gratia Comes Regnans in Leiningen 
 Doininus in Westerburg, Griinstadt, Schadeck 
 Overbrunn et Forback, etc., etc. S.R.I. Dynasta 
 Semper liber etc., etc. 
 
 Serenissimo Principi ac Domino Philippo ab 
 Alvernia ex antiquis Comitibus ab Alvernia 
 Principi et Duci. 
 
 Bullionii etc., etc. 
 
 Augustissimi ac Potentissimi Regis 
 
 Conjuncti Imperii Magna? Britannke et Hy hernia?, 
 
 Prcefecto Classis bellicce etc., etc. 
 
 Salutem Nostrum et Plenitudiuem omnis boni ! 
 
 Principem et ultimum christian;^ religionis ejus-que 
 doctrime fineni in eo potissime esse positum, ut homines 
 ad rerum cultum Dei ejusque Providential hujus et 
 
TJie Kings Licence and Permission 167 
 
 seterna eorum vitae felicitati Consulentcs perducti sia- 
 cero erga se iuvicem amore inibuantur, in dubiuni 
 vocabit nemo, qui revelataj religionis confessionem vcl 
 cui materno quasi lacte vel ezinstitutione eorum hausit 
 qui ejus euueandi seminisque fidei Christi in animo 
 juvenili spargendi curam habuerunt. 
 
 Quam vis auteni apud omnes gentes quoe verum Uei 
 cultum profitentur omnis cura et sedula diligentia ad- 
 bibeatur ut omnes non tantum pro coucione sed et in 
 Scholio, inorum figendorum ofiicinis, sedulo excitentur 
 ad oppugnaudum pro virili pane vitiorum, deprivationes 
 erroresque vitandos, ne quies ac securitas publica 
 turbetur quin potius nos olim, ubi creatori nostro 
 divinum Spiritual, ab ipso profectum reddituri sum us, 
 unico Eedemptori ac Servatori nostro Jesu Christo 
 juueti in seternis illis beatitatis sedibus sempiterna 
 felicitate frui possimus ; tamem proh pudor ! Omni 
 tempore homines insito congenita pravitatis stimulo 
 acti aliorum felicitatem tantum non semper iniquis 
 oculis suspexerunt, ac invidiam quadam dulcedine se 
 invicem perdere conati sunt; tanta est hominum 
 naturalis reclinatio a semita, qua duce virtute ad veram 
 felicitatem itur. 
 
 Hac vero eademque ex causa inde ab omni state 
 Principes ae illustri loco nati, dignitatibusque atque 
 sapientissimo et benignissimo Numine eo consilio in his 
 terris constituti sunt ut mortaliuni felicitatem in hoc 
 terrarum orbe fundarent, suarum semper partium vel 
 maxime duxerunt, ut subditos suos sincere ductriihL- 
 Christiana; amore incinderent et externa; internoeque 
 securtati publica Bummo Studio invigitarent, quo malum 
 et pernicies ab hominum genere propulsaretur. 
 
1 68 The King's Licence and Permission 
 
 Itaque jam inde ab antiquissimis temporibus multi 
 Principes generosique ac illustres Viri, reipublicos 
 niilitiaeque periti, amore partiae aucti majis magisque 
 connixi sunt ut incredulitatis lue perniciosissima extir- 
 pata amor et benevolentia erga omnes homines, certis- 
 sinum illud amicitise et concordise Vinculum inter 
 omnes hominum ordines quam arctissime contraheretur 
 et ab omnibus hominibus eo adlaboraretur, quo Imper- 
 antes cum subditis, quisque pro conditione, quiete et 
 securitate frui possent. 
 
 Quod vero ad propositum perficiendum certissimam 
 viam rati sunt instituta praecipuaruin societatem fsedere 
 quoe promovendae pietatis ac salutis publico consilium 
 sequerentur. Et cum experieutia edocti scirent, hoc 
 respectu inter tot hujusmodi socialia instituta, quae 
 tanta ilia commoda proastarent, nullum haic omnia 
 omnino Sibi injuncta habere, neque ab omnibus 
 hominibus honore aeque dignum habere, ac societatem 
 ab inculpalis equestris ordinis Viris conflatam ; eadem 
 ex ratione instituerunt, Ordines Equestras, ei maxima 
 rei Sacratos ut membra eorum conjunctio viribus ad 
 Veram Dei Colendi rationem omnem curam adhiberent 
 simulque, sicut arctissimis societatis Vinculis tenentur, 
 ita emcacissimo cultu indissolubilis amicitia; ac sincerse 
 concordiai iuter se eminerent, neque infinitum ilium 
 amorem unquam oblivioni traderent, quo Sanctissimus 
 noster Redemptor Jesus Amplissimo nobis exemplo 
 fuit, quin potius non tantum se invicem in omnibus 
 vitas adversis sustentarent, sed aliorum quoque misero- 
 rum hominum cerumnas levarunt. 
 
 Omnimodum itaque bonum ejusmodi Deo gratorum 
 consiliorum etiaui cunctis ordinibus equestribus inde 
 
The Kings Licence and Permission 169 
 
 a primo eorum existentias tempore legem omnium 
 primam maximeque fundamentalem sanxit, que praeci- 
 pue Ordinis Praefectus, sub titulo Supremi Magistri, ad 
 
 id potissimum incumbere debet, ut suo ex oilicio ante 
 omnia curae cordique habeat, ejusmodi ins titu turn con- 
 servare et propagare, adeo ut Viri tam generosa origine, 
 quam muneribus publicis, maxime vero virtute et proi- 
 tate tanquam vera animi nobilitate corispicui quae 
 aliorum sibi existimationem conciliarunt, subinde 
 equestri huic ordini adsciibantur, receptis ordinis 
 inisgnibus dignissima probatae integritatis remunera- 
 tionem ornandi, eo quidem consilio, ut animo, infinitam 
 Dei magnitudinem illustrandi, et publicam salutem in 
 omnibus gentibus, natiorum ratione, sedulo promovendi, 
 majis magisque confirmentur, et aliis quoque imitandi 
 Stimulus addatur. 
 
 Idem prius plenusque humanitate finis invitavite 
 quoque anno 1755, quosdam Principes aliosque nobili- 
 tate stirpis inclytos Viros ad faciendam equestrem 
 societatem. 
 
 Condebant mimirum die 20 mensi Junii anni 1756 
 sub auspiciis Serenissimi Principis Christiani Francisci, 
 Ducis Saxo-Coburgo-Saalfeldensis praesentem secularem 
 Capitularemque ordinem equestrem Sti Joacbimi, cujus 
 Xos per id tempus Supremi Magistri munere fungimur, 
 pioque potissimum voto se obstrin gebant ad universum 
 divinae Providentiae cultum ubique divulgandum. 
 
 Cui voto ut in omnium satisfacerent, sequanti 
 tempore dies quartus mensis Nbvembis, 1771. Magnus 
 ille dies liberationis potentissimi Regis Poloniae et 
 Magni Ducis Lithuaniae Stanislai Augusti, quippe quo 
 Magistatis violatores buic sacro Capiti Banguinem 
 
 11 
 
170 The King's Licence and Permission 
 
 regium sitientes manum injeceruut, ex quibus vero 
 prsesentissiraa Dei Providentia optimum Eegem non 
 sine miraculo vindicarat, hinc equestri ordini notatu 
 dignissiman aeram fecit. Ansam quippe illi preebuit 
 anno 1773, dictum diem ISTovembris ut evidentis hujus 
 iniraculosre protectionis memoria aeternitati consecra- 
 vetur, perennem Ordinis Solemnitatem annuam 
 definiendi, simulque sanciendi, ut eodem die non solum 
 ardent issima vota et preces, pro conservatione ommium 
 Principum et propulsatione ejusmodi malorum futuro- 
 rum junctim ad almum solium Domini Dominorum 
 sunderentur, sed etiam congregati hujus ordinis con- 
 scripti ad exsequenda ea re equester hie ordo id decus 
 sibi comparavit, ut glorioso nomine, Ordinis protectorum, 
 et cultorum divinre Providential, vel, quod magis ille 
 solemne est, Ordinis in honorem divinae Providential sit 
 insignitus. 
 
 Cum vero huic seculari capitularique ordini equestri 
 vel maxime persuasum sit, memoriam quoque atque 
 exempla optime meritorum hominum acutissimum esse 
 stimulum ad exercendum virtutem et ad cultum 
 praesentissimae Dei Providentiae promovendum, nullum 
 sibi proponere potuit imitatione dignius Sancto Joachimo, 
 beato genitoro Sancte et immaculatae virginis Marise 
 matris Salvatoris nostri Jesu Christi Christiana enim 
 ecclesia inter tot felcissime hujus patris splendidas 
 virtutes in primis indefessum studium jure praedicat, 
 filiam suam Mariam ab insunte aetate ad sinceram 
 pietatem erudiendi, quo ipsi tantum coram Deo gratiam 
 conciliavit ut sola inter tot millia sui sex us virtute ac 
 sapientia caeteris praestans, et vias Divina3 Provodentire 
 submissa veneratione prosequens virgo, ab omnipotente 
 
The King's Licence and Permission 171 
 
 Deo destinaretur dignissima,qiue homineni Redemptorew 
 Jesura Christum, sub casto pectore gestaret et enitaretur 
 Quis itaque est, quin Sti. Joachimi, pii illius patris 
 deiparae virgiuis memoriam recolens, seipsum ad 
 ardentissimum aemulandi studium sit excitaturus ? 
 
 Quis item, vel ipse prole a Deo ditatus, vel curam 
 educationi juveututis iuvigilandi nactus, qui ejus 
 instutiendi, ratiouem 11011 sit imitaturus cum e puerili 
 educatione homiuis felicitas mortalis ac sbteras ejus vitae 
 certissime pendeat ? Eundemque finem, res qute ad 
 educationem pertinent, emendandi, acque hie equester 
 Ordo inter alia, tanquam causam suae existential, sibi 
 proposuit. Celsissimam enim qiuerit laudem suam ex 
 adimpletione horum septem votorum principalium, quae 
 suis membris prajseribit ut scilicet eorum omnium sit. 
 
 1. Veritati maxime consentaneam doctrinam de 
 existentia aeterni Dei triunius supremaeque ejus Pro- 
 videntiae ubique locorum promovere, incredulitatem 
 vero ac deiisionem pietatis detestari. 
 
 2. Tolerantiam et concordiie amorein non solum in 1 . el- 
 se invicem erga eos Ordini participes qui ab aliis 
 Christiana' doctiinne partibus sunt, sed etiani erga omnes 
 homines sibi commendatam habere pro viribua adjuvare; 
 
 •'!. Sumrna fide erga Principes suos elucere: 
 
 4. Omnibus equitibus hujus ordinis qui vulneribus 
 acceptis aut alliis baud evitandi casibus non ampliua 
 idonei sunt militaribus ofiiciis, nee miraus aliis miliium 
 ducibus, qui muneris et subsidii vitae jacturum fecerunt ; 
 praecipere vero. 
 
 5. Cunctis confratribus et sororibus hujus ordinia 
 in omnibus casibus et humanae vitae adversia per Be, 
 et non provocatos opem ferre, et concordiam ac 
 
172 The King's Licence and Permission 
 
 felicitatem ubique loco rum pro eo, ac fieri potest, 
 adjuvare : 
 
 6. Ubi sacro matrimonii vinculo teneantur ineoncussa 
 fide et virtute tanguam fundamento domesticoe felicitatis 
 excellere et deo hominamque societate probos prceditos- 
 que virtute filios et filias educare, vel si conjugii expertes 
 vixerint, liberorum, imprimis nobilis juventatis educat- 
 iorem provirium ratione promovere ; et denique; 
 
 7. Erga inopes et nudos non habita ratione con- 
 ditionis aut religionis, praecipue vero erga viduas 
 et orbatos parentibus beneficentiam et eficacem com- 
 miserationem praestare et cuiquam egenti, qui stipem 
 petit, pro facultatibus consolante cum dementia 
 eleemosynam dare, neque unquam charitatem christ- 
 ianum violare. 
 
 Nos autem, qui per dei gratiam, regimini Secularis 
 Capitularisque Orclinis equestri Sti Joachimi per di 
 tempus praesumus, postquam animo satis perspeximus 
 ad impletionem eorumdem votorum maxime salutare 
 ac certissimum esse instrumentum ad eradicandum 
 incredulitatum et ad colendum triunum Deum optinum 
 maximum, qui unico omnipotentias verbo immensum 
 hoc universum, hominem ipsum ex nihilo prodire jussit, 
 et sine cujus immensa potentia neque oritur nee inteit 
 quicquam, nee non ad emendandum tenellorum ed- 
 ucationem, qua, sensualis hominis natura finem sibi 
 destinatum propius attingere sensim discit, propensis 
 ad malam paulatim infirmatur, et omnes homines ad 
 agnitionem et adorationem divini nostri redemptoris 
 magis magisque perducuntur et denique fundamentum 
 veroe felicitatis ponitus, uti etiam ad mitigandas misero- 
 rum hominum oerumnas. Non possumus quin con- 
 
The Kings Licence and Permission 173 
 
 servationem et propagationeuo hujus Secularis Cap- 
 itnlarisque Ordinia equestris Sti Joachimi Nbatri 
 
 muneris officio, sana* rationi, inimo bono publico maxime 
 gloriosam et utilem judicenius ; quern admodum et 
 Nobis omnino persuasum est, Nostrum esse maxime ut 
 ante omnia indefessam curam ac diligentiam adhibea- 
 mus ad promovandum Ordinia increment 11111 dignis 
 membris eum angendo, idque eo magia, cum semper 
 maximam gratum et invitationem ad aemulandam 
 virtutem in eo positam esse crediderimus si, quemad- 
 moduni et hoc praeatantiaaimum Ordinia inatitutum 
 rationi prsestantisaimum Ordinia institutum ratione 
 praeatandorum votorum nostrorum pro se fert, si 
 inquam viros, qui tarn generosa stripe ac spectabilibua 
 muneribua publicis, quam eruditione et morum 
 honeatate bonam fanam sibi ac quisiuerunt, dignitate 
 et insignibus ornamus, quae ordini adhaerent, eaque re 
 coram omnibus decLiramus. Nos et illustrissinmin 
 Capitulum Generale hujus Ordinia ubique virtutem et 
 bene merita maxime seatimare et quoad in viribua nostris 
 positum est, remunerare. 
 
 Quoe cum ita sint et Nobis satis luculenUe constet, 
 nihil horum Tibi. Serenissimo Principi ac Domino 
 Philippo ab Alvernia, Principi et Duci. 
 
 BULLIOXU. 
 
 Deesse, quas delato Nobis de Tuistum praeclaris meritia 
 et Tua integnitatis prrestantia fide digno te8timonio, Te 
 publico exhibitis commendatum digniasimum reddere 
 queant, ad specialia Privilegia, Prsemia ac Eminentia, 
 quae huicce Seculari Capitularique Ordini Equeatri Sic 
 Joachimi adherent, consequenda, ut e«.) magia magisque 
 
174 The Kings Licence and Permission 
 
 inflammatus honestissimos fines in honorem divinse 
 Provendentiae laudenique revelat:e Eeligionis non minus 
 exercitium Christiana? Charitatis tarn in adjuvando 
 quam in instituendo quod in Nostris Votis habemus, 
 quantum pro viribus poteris, promoveas uti etiam pro- 
 movere possit. 
 
 Hinc ISTos ob eximia virtutem meritu, quibus Per- 
 sonam Tuam oruatam cognoscimus specialis honoris et 
 dignitatis Titulo Equitii Magna? Crucis sen Magni 
 Commendatoris hujus supra laudati Ordinis Te efferre 
 volentesmoiu proprio et auctoritate muneris, qua hoe 
 in parte fungimur, necnon et de consensu illustrissim 1 
 Capituli generalis hujus Secularis Capitularique Ordinis 
 Equestris sti Joachiini Te Sereiiissimum Dominum 
 Phiiippum ab Alvernia Principum et Ducetn Bullionii, 
 Equitem Magna? Crucis seu Magnum Commendatorem 
 dicti ordinis cum omnibus pmerogativis, honoribus, ac 
 pneeminentiis ipsi annexis, elegimus, cream us, et 
 declaramus itemque constituimus, solemniter ordinamus 
 et recipimus, aiqualemque ac parem aliis hujus Ordinis 
 Equiiibus magna Crucis seu Maguis Commendatoribus 
 eorundem que numero et consortio favorabiliter 
 ad.-cribimus atque aggregamus, nee non propterea Tibi, 
 uti Equiti Magme Crucii sen magno Commendatori 
 hujus Ordinis distinctoria, quibus alii hujus modi 
 Ordinis Equites magme Crucis seu magni commend- 
 atores uluntur. conferimus et tradiinus, Teque iisdem, 
 semper eaclem gestando, Te ornandi eademque scuto 
 gentilitio Tuo tanquam vera ornameuta addendi, ac 
 sienti ex illius pictura pnesentibus annexa patet, 
 tanquam prseclarum Familiae et Stemmatis Tui decus 
 publice gerendi et uteudi, iisdem, licentiam et facultatem 
 
The King's Licence and Permission 175 
 
 coiicedimus, et impertimur ; decernentes insuper, ut 
 ubique locorum omnibus et singulis privileges, gratiia 
 honoribus, et prserogativis, quibus reliqui hujua Ordinia 
 
 Equites magna: Crucis sen Magni Comraendatores Nostri 
 creati, diplomatique pnesenti pari legitimati utuntur, 
 potiuntur et gaudent, ac uti potiri et gaudere solent, 
 sen unquam, quomodo libet, poterunt. Tu parifurmiter 
 in futurum et vi priesentium, uti, frui, potiri et gauere 
 possis et debeas. Quera in finem de supra expositis 
 et concessis. Te certiorem facere volentes, Tibi 
 pnesentes hasce Nostras niodo et more vel maximo 
 solemni exhibuimis. 
 
 Quod ego quoque omnibus Nostris delectissimis 
 confrateribus bonis Amicis et Dominis, illustrissimis 
 officilibus ecclesiasticis et secularibus superioribus ; ac 
 trium equitris dignitatis Ordinura deputatis, uti et 
 cceteris magnae Crucis Equitibus, Commendatoribus, 
 et Equitibus, nobilibusque magna; Crucis Matronis et 
 parvam cruceni gerentibus, aLque expectant iam hab- 
 entibus, ac sociis honorariis utruisque sexus, necnon sub 
 officialibus et subordinatishujus Secularis Capitularisque 
 Ordinis Equestris Sti Joachimi notum essr volentes J 
 ut praefatum Serenissum Doninum Philippum ab 
 Alvemia Principem et Ducem Bullionii abbuic pro 
 legitime et indubitate Equite magme Crucis seu B 
 Commendatore hujus Ordinis babeant, honorent ) 
 nominent et agnoscant, uti debent honorare, et i, r noscere 
 hujus Ordinis Nostra ejusmodi inaugurata Membra, nisi 
 in discrimen transgressoris Statutorum Ordinis Venire 
 velint, ordinamus vi auctoritatis Nostra Vigore dig- 
 nitatis Supremi Ordinis Magistri Nobis commifi 
 competentis ; omnibus vero prsesente Nosti lecturia 
 
176 The Kings Licence and Permission 
 
 aut legi audituris ac quorum interest universis et 
 singulis significamus, quatenus, si vasalli et subditi 
 Nostri sint, iisdem, ut pariter huicce Nostra; voluntati 
 respondeant, et ab aliis respondere curent, sub poena 
 Fosrrre indignationis serio mandamus; quod autem 
 attinet ad illos, qui vasalli Nostri non sunt, nee subditi 
 illos decentes requisimus atque plurimum hisce rogamus, 
 ab dictum Serenissimum Dominum Philippum ab 
 Alvernia Principem et Ducem Bullionii equitem 
 Magna? Crucis seu magnum Commendatorum hujus 
 Ordinis in hocce adepto gradu ubivis recipiant, assecur- 
 antes Eosdem rem non tantum Nobis gratissiraam 
 sed vel eximia eorum in Dei pietate dignissimam 
 prajstituros. 
 
 In quorum ficlem et majus robur patentes prresentes 
 literas propria subscripsimus manu, Sigilloque Ordinis 
 majori muniri jussimus. 
 
 Datum uti decretum est in illustrisimo Capitulo 
 Ordinis hujus generali e Palatio Residential et civitatis 
 Nostra? Westerburgii die trigessima Mensii Septembris 
 Anno post Christum natum millessimo octingentessimo 
 terti. 
 
 Fundationis vero Ordinis Anno quadragesimus nono. 
 Ferdinandus Carolus Comes Regnans in Leiningen, 
 Westerbourg, Supremus Ordinis Magister Electus. 
 E Cominissione speciali illustrissimi Capituli Generalis 
 Secularis Capitularisque Ordinis Equestris Sancti 
 Joachimi. 
 
 H. Johannes Carolus, liber Baro ab Eiker et 
 Eikboffen, Cancellarius Ordinis. 
 
 W. IOI.I.Y & .SONS, PRINTERS, ALBANY l'KESS, ABERDEEN. 
 
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