THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 SPECIMENS 
 
 OF 
 
 „KING ALFREDS PROVERBS", 
 
 WITH 
 
 A SWEDISH TRANSLATION AND A GLOSSARY. 
 
 Academical dissertation which, with the permission of tlie 
 
 Celebrated Philosophical Faculty in the University of Lund. 
 
 will be publicly defended in English 
 
 by 
 L. G. NILSSON, M. A. 
 
 JnditoriuiD Ihe Isl : Saturilaj ibe 21lh uf Seplember 18.10, at len o'clock. 1.11.. 
 
 COPENHAGEN. 
 
 PRINTED BY THIELE. 
 
 MDCCCLIX. 
 
   . » • I . 
 
 * » t > > » % ' » > 

 
 « 1 • c » c
 
 SPECIMENS 
 
 OF 
 
 .KING ALFRED'S PROVERBS' 
 
 WITH 
 
 A SWEDISH TRANSLATION AND A GLOSSARY. 
 
 BY 
 
 L. G. NILSSON, M. A. 
 
 PART I. 
 
 COPENHAGEN. 
 
 PRINTED BY THIELE. 
 
 MDCCCLIX.
 
 CQ 
 
 O. 
 
 g 
 
 Z/17 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 Ihe purpose of this dissertation is to put the Swedish 
 Student of Early -English in possession of specimens of 
 what are called "King Alfred's Proverbs « , accompanied 
 by a Swedish translation and a glossary. 
 
 These Proverbs are doubly remarkable. They give 
 us the popular wisdom of an earlier time, and they go 
 under the name of one of the greatest men who ever 
 wielded a sceptre. Two manuscripts of them are pre- 
 served. The first is in the library of Lincoln College, 
 Oxford; and the second and best is in Trinity College, 
 Cambridge, and is the one used by Mr. Kemble in his 
 = "Anglo-Saxon Dialogues of Salomon and Saturn % from 
 which the present extracts have been printed. A third 
 MS., now lost, was in the Cottonian library; but a 
 transcript of it is in the Bodleian. 
 
 Confining ourselves to the text edited by Mr. Kemble, 
 we see at a glance that the language is not the English 
 of the nintli century, and consequently not that of King 
 Alfred. Most undoubtedly it is an Early-English dialect 
 from the beginning, or perhaps from the middle, of the 
 thirteenth century, and it resembles very much that in 
 which the celebrated Poem of the priest Layamon is written. 
 The metre, as our readers will perceive, is the Old- 
 Northern stave -rhyme, common to most English poetry 
 
 1 
 
 '^<nt79^'-
 
 2 
 
 down to the close of the middle -age. Of course, as 
 tlie text is late in date, its metrical construction is some- 
 times irregular, compared witli tliat of the grand poems 
 of the Old - English period. 
 
 Tt is true that King Alfred was the writer or trans- 
 lator of several most valuable works, which have come 
 down to the present day, and cover him with glory; they 
 are executed with much talent, and in point of style may 
 be ranked among the purest specimens we possess of 
 Old -English literature. So the Old -English version of 
 Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation, the 
 charming translation of the remarkable treatise of Boe- 
 thius "De Consolatione Philosophia?" , and that of the 
 historical work of Orosius entitled the "Chronicle of the 
 World"; all these, besides his Laws, are most certainly 
 written by him, as is doubted Ijy no one. 
 
 But some old historians and bibliographers have 
 enumerated other works under the name of Alfred, for 
 which there is no certain authority; and we know that, 
 at a later period of the middle-age, many literate pro- 
 ductions were ascribed to this illustrious king, which we 
 must deny to lie his. Thus we are told, that the trans- 
 lation of "Esop's Fables", the metrical Old-English ver- 
 sion of the "Metres of Boethius", and many other works, 
 are from his hand ; but several reasons combine in mak- 
 ing us believe that they were not written by him. 
 
 Whether King Alfred be the author of these Maxims, 
 or wise Sayings, in their original form , I will not pre- 
 tend to determine. But if he be not, they still have 
 a great interest both from their inward character and 
 from having so long gone under his name. Under 
 this point of view, the Swedish translation may perhaps 
 claim the attention of otlicr i-eadei's besides the linguist-
 
 ical Student; for which reason I have rendered it rhyth- 
 mical. 
 
 The glossary I have tried to draw up carefully. 
 I have given an exposition of the most essential forms 
 of each word, from Old-English down to New-English. 
 Thus every word in the glossary begins with the oldest 
 form, and ends A\ith the latest; and each Early-Eng- 
 lish word stands siio loco, and its place in the text is 
 always indicated. Only a few words I have nut been 
 able to bring under this system, in as much as their 
 root is lost, or rather not found in the old literature; 
 such words, however, I have marked as having no cer- 
 tain root in Old-English. 
 
 As it may undoubtedly interest the Swedish Scholar 
 to see the near connection between the dialects of our 
 Scandinavia and the old vernacular speech of England, 
 I have added to the Swedish translation of each word, the 
 Icelandic and Danish synonyms where the affinity is 
 evident. 
 
 1*
 
 PROVERBS OF ALFRED. 
 
 I. 
 
 At Siforde 
 
 setin kinhis monie, 
 
 fele biscopis 
 
 and fele booclerede, 
 5. lierles prude 
 
 and cnites egleclie. 
 
 I'er was erl Alfred , 
 
 of l^e lawe sui[)e wis, 
 
 and heke Alfred, 
 10. Eng'lene herde, 
 
 Englene derling, 
 
 in Enkelonde he was king. 
 
 '5 
 
 Hem he gon lerin, 
 
 so we mugen iherin, 
 15. wiiu we gure lif 
 
 lede sulin. 
 
 Alfred he was in Enkelonde a king, 
 
 wel swi|)e strong and hissum Inng; 
 
 he was king and cleric, 
 2u. ful wel he louede Godes were; 
 
 he was wis on his word 
 
 and war on his werke; 
 
 he was \te wisiste mon 
 
 {)ad was in Engelonde on.
 
 ALFREDS ORDSPRAK. 
 
 I. 
 
 Siitto i ShifTord 
 
 hofdingar manga, 
 
 biskopar manga, 
 
 manga bokliirda , 
 5. och stolta jarlar, 
 
 och riddersmiui. 
 
 Der var Alfred, jarlen, 
 
 den mycket lagvise, 
 
 och der var Alfred, 
 10. Englands lierde, 
 
 Englands iilskling, 
 
 Englands kung, 
 
 Denne dem larde , 
 
 som vi ma hOra, 
 15. hur vi var lefnad 
 
 fOra skola. 
 
 Alfred var i England kung, 
 
 sa magtig och huld; 
 
 han var kung och klerk, 
 20. guds verk han iilskade; 
 
 han var vis i sltt ord 
 
 och klok i sin liandling; 
 
 var den visaste man, 
 
 som i England fanns.
 
 6 
 VI. 
 
 Pus quad llelfred: 
 
 Wid widutin wisdom 
 
 is wele f'ul unwrd ; 
 
 for jiau o nuin lijanelde 
 5. huntseuinti acreis, 
 
 and lie al lieged * * sagin 
 
 mid rede goide, 
 
 and \ie golde grue 
 
 so gres deit on pe reitie, 
 10. ne were hi * * wele 
 
 nout 1)6 wr{)ere , 
 
 bote he him Iremede 
 
 frend ywerche ; 
 
 for wad is g[old] bute ston, 
 15. bute it habbe wis mon? 
 
 XI. 
 
 Pus quad Alfret: 
 
 Leue |)u [^e nout to swi{)e 
 
 up \)e seflod; 
 
 gif \>u hawest madmes monie 
 5. and moch gold and siluir, 
 
 it soUen wurj^en to nout, 
 
 to duste it sullen driuen ; 
 
 Dristin sal liuin eure. 
 
 Moni mon for is gold 
 10. liauid Godis eire; 
 
 and purucli is siluer 
 
 is sauUe he forlesed; 
 
 betere him were 
 
 iborin [)at he nere.
 
 Vl. 
 
 Sa qvad Alfred : 
 vett utan visdom 
 jir vett utan varde , 
 ty liade en man 
 
 5. sjuttio plogland, 
 och alia besadda 
 med rodan guld; 
 ja! vaxle ock guldet 
 som graset pa marken; 
 
 10. sa blefve ban likval 
 ett grand ej rikare, 
 om ej ban friimmande 
 vanner forviirfvade; 
 ty guld ar blolt sten, 
 
 15. nilr ej vis man bar det. 
 
 XI. 
 
 Sa qvad Alfred: 
 
 ej lita for mycket 
 
 pa stigande flod. 
 
 Har du manga skalter, 
 .5. mycket silfver ocb guld: 
 
 de varda till Intel, 
 
 de varda till aska. 
 
 Herran lefver alllid ! 
 
 Mangen for sitt guld 
 10. sig Uimlens vrede asamkar, 
 
 ocb for sitt silfver 
 
 forspiller sin sjal. — 
 
 Battre bononi varit 
 
 ,'itt liau aldrig blifvit fodd.
 
 8 
 XIII. 
 
 iHis quad Alfred : 
 
 Gif \m liauist sorwe, 
 
 ne, say |m liit |>in arege; 
 
 seit t>in sadilbovve 
 5. and rid l)e singende; 
 
 [lanne sail {jo mon 
 
 jiat t.i wise ne can, 
 
 jjad \>e |)ine wise 
 
 wel l>e likit. 
 10. Sorege gif Ini liauist 
 
 and ten arege hil sed, 
 
 biforen he |)e bimenid, 
 
 bihindin he l^e scarned. 
 
 Ihi hit mist seien swich mon 
 15. ^ad it 1)6 fnhvel on; 
 
 swich men l)u maist seien \n sor 
 
 he wolde Imd jni henedest mor. 
 
 Foiiii hit in |)in hirte one 
 
 forhele hit wid fin arege, 
 20. let l)u neuere t)in arege witin 
 
 al |)er l)in herte J)enket. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 Pus quad Alfred: 
 Wurl^u neuere 
 swo wod ne so drunken 
 |mt euere sai \>u t)i wif 
 5. al \>a.t \)i wille be; 
 
 for hif hue sege Ipe biforen 
 
 |)ine fomen alle, 
 
 and J)U hire mit worde
 
 9 
 XIII. 
 
 Sa qvad Alfred: 
 
 har dii en sorg, 
 
 ej for din fiende niimn den. 
 
 Sitt fast i sadel-bagen, 
 5. och sjungande rid ; 
 
 sa sager den man, 
 
 som din stiillning ej kanner, 
 
 att din stiillning 
 
 dig val behagar. 
 10. Har du en sorg 
 
 och for din fiend' den namner, 
 
 i anletet omkar ban dig, 
 
 pa ryggen beler ban dig. 
 
 Du Ran yppa den for en sadan, 
 15. som i alio unnar dig den ; 
 
 du kan yppa den for en sadan, 
 
 som onskar du hade fler'. 
 
 Derfor i bjertats djup 
 
 dolj sorgen for din fiende; 
 20. lat honom ej veta 
 
 allt hvad ditt hjerta tanker. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 Sa qvad Alfred: 
 
 aldrig du blifve 
 
 sa galen , sa drucken , 
 
 att dilt vif du fortaljer 
 
 allt hvad du vill; 
 
 ty sage bou in for dig 
 
 dina fiendcr alia, 
 
 och du henne med ord
 
 10 
 
 wraged hauedest, 
 10. he ne, sold il letin 
 
 for l)inke liuihindfi , 
 
 pat he nc sokle |jc upbreidin 
 
 of l)ine balesil)es. 
 
 Wimon is wordwod 
 15. and hauit tunke to swist, 
 
 Inuic he hire sekie wel wolde 
 
 ne mai he it nowit welden. 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 I'lis quad Ahired: 
 Wur|ni neuere so wod, 
 ne so desi of \n mod, 
 (3ad euere sige l)i frend 
 
 5. al [)at 1)6 likit, 
 ne alle jie lionches 
 l)at \m l)0ch haiiisl; 
 for ofte sibbie men 
 foken hem bituenen, 
 
 10. and ef it so bihinpit 
 lo[ol)]e pat ge wurl^en, 
 [mnne wot jii fend 
 |)ad her wiste l)i frend. 
 Betere l)e bicome 
 
 15. [n word were helden, 
 for l»anne mud mamelit 
 more lianne hit solde 
 Jianne sculen his heren 
 ef it iheren.
 
 11 
 
 fortornat hade : 
 10. sa skulle hon ej undga, 
 
 for allt J verlden , 
 
 att banna dig 
 
 for dina darskaper. 
 
 Qvinnan iir triitgirig, 
 15. hon har tungan for olnindig; 
 
 fast gerna hon vill, 
 
 kan hon den ej styra. 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 Sa qvad Alfred: 
 
 bUf aldrig sa galen, 
 
 ej sa besinningslos , 
 
 att for viinnen du yppar 
 5. hvad heist dig behagar, 
 
 ej heller hvar tanke , 
 
 som du har; 
 
 ty frander ofta 
 
 inbordes tvistat, 
 10. och om sa sker 
 
 att ni osams bli'n, 
 
 sa vet din oviin 
 
 hvad viinnen visste. 
 
 Uattre dig varit 
 15- att dina ord du behallit; 
 
 ty niir nnumen pladdrar 
 
 mer an den skall, 
 
 da far orat 
 
 hora af det.
 
 12 
 XIX. 
 
 l>iis quad Aliired: 
 
 Mani man wenit, 
 
 |)at he wenin ne jiarf, 
 
 frend {)ad lie habbe, 
 5. t)ei' mon him faire bihait, 
 
 seiet lum faire biforen, 
 
 fokel athenden. 
 
 So mon mai \\el{>e 
 
 lengest heiden, 
 10. giu \)u neiiere leiien 
 
 alls monnis speclien, 
 
 ne alle pe {)inke 
 
 l^at J)u herest sinken ; 
 
 for moni mon haiiit fikil mod, 
 15. and he is monne cu6 ; 
 
 ne saltu neuere knewen 
 
 wanne he \)e wole bipechen. 
 
 XX. 
 
 pus quad Alured: 
 
 Moni appel is widuten grene, 
 
 brit on leme, 
 
 and bitlere widinnen; 
 
 5. so his moni wimmon 
 in hire faire bure , 
 schene under schete, 
 and pocke hie is [schendful] 
 in an stondes wile ; 
 
 10. swo is moni gadeling 
 godelike on horse,
 
 10. 
 
 13 
 XIX. 
 
 Sa qvad Alfred: 
 
 mangen just tror 
 
 — hvad lian ej bor tro — 
 
 att den iir bans viin, 
 5. som fagert lofvar, 
 
 synes trofast infOr honom, 
 
 men iir tvetydig bakoni bonom. 
 
 Dock , din viilgang 
 
 racker langst, 
 
 om ej dii tror 
 
 alll bvad folket siiger, 
 
 ej beller allt 
 
 soni dii bor det sjiinga; 
 
 ty mangens sinn' ar flyktigt, 
 !> mangens, som iir fortrogen med andra: 
 
 aldrig du vet 
 
 nar man dig vill forrada. 
 
 XX. 
 
 Sa qvad Alfred: 
 
 vackert iir manget iipple utviindigt, 
 
 skont uppa grenen, 
 
 dock inuti bittert. 
 
 Sii mangen en qvinna 
 
 i bur sk fager 
 
 iir diiglig i biidden, 
 
 men dock obofvisk 
 
 inoni CM tiniina. 
 
 Sii iir mangen stallbroder 
 
 pa biistryggen priiktig,
 
 14 
 
 wlanc on werge*), 
 and uiiwurp on wike. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 I*us qnad Alfrtuierd: 
 
 Gif \ni trend bigete 
 
 mid \n IVe bigete, 
 
 loke l)at \m bini jjeine 
 5. mid alle |jeuues [jines; 
 
 lolve |mt he \>e, he mide 
 
 biforen and bibiiiden, 
 
 [>e bet he sal \)e reden 
 
 at alle jnne neden; 
 Id. and on him [ju niaist |je tresten 
 
 pit" is trogl^e degh. 
 
 Ac gif \m hauist a frend to day 
 
 and to morenin driuist him auei, 
 
 [jenne bes pu one 
 15. al so {)u her were 
 
 and j)anne is [)i fe forloren 
 
 and fji frend bopen; 
 
 betere pe bicome 
 
 frend l^at J)U newedest. 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 Pus quad Alfred : 
 
 He jju neuere to bold 
 
 to chiden agen oni scold, 
 
 ') merge ?
 
 15 
 
 pa gangaren stolt, 
 men i karnpen oduglig. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 Sa qvad Alfred: 
 
 om en van dii vinner 
 
 med sjelfforvarfd gfit'\a, 
 
 SB till alt du tjenar honoin 
 5. i allt livad du kau, 
 
 se till att ban ilr med dig, 
 
 bakom dig ocb framfor dig; 
 
 dess battre skall Iwm lada dig 
 
 i all din nod. 
 10. Pii. bonom fortrosta, 
 
 om bans bug ilr redlig. 
 
 Men bar i dag du en van 
 
 ocli drlfver i morgon borl bonom , 
 
 sa blir du ensam , 
 15. som forr du var, 
 
 ocb dii ar din gafva 
 
 ocb viinnen forlorade ; 
 
 battre det vore, 
 
 att viin du ej iigt. 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 Sii qvad Alfred : 
 
 blif ej for djerf att triita 
 
 med griilig (jvinna,
 
 10 
 
 ne mid mani tales 
 5. to cliiden agen alle dwales; 
 
 ne neuere \>u. biginne 
 
 to tellin newe tidinges 
 
 at neuere nones nioanis bord; 
 
 no hawe \)u to fele word. 
 10. I*e wise mon mid fewe word 
 
 can fele biluken, 
 
 and sottis bold is sone iscoten; 
 
 lorjii ich telle bim for a dote 
 
 jjat sail al is ywille, 
 15. [janne be suldc ben stille; 
 
 lor olle tunke brekit bon, 
 
 and nauid hire selvve non. 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 Pus quad Alfred: 
 
 Elde cumid to tune 
 
 mid fele unkefje costes , 
 
 and doj) \)e man to belden 
 5. |)at him selvve ne mai be liim nocb welden; 
 
 hit makit him wel vnmeke , 
 
 and binimit bim is miste. 
 
 Gif it swo betided 
 
 {jat |hi her so longe abidist, 
 10 and JHi in [Mne helde 
 
 werldes wel|je weldest, 
 
 |ji diigetie gin l)u delen 
 
 [)ine dere frend , 
 
 bwile l)ine dages dugen, 
 15. and \m \)e selwen line mowe. 
 
 Haue Ini none leue to ^e 
 
 jnid after {)e bileued,
 
 17 
 
 eller i mycket tal 
 5. med darar tvista; 
 
 ej heller begynn 
 
 att nya tidender talja 
 
 vid nagon mans bord. 
 
 For mycket ej orda; 
 10. vis man i fa ord 
 
 kan mycket lagga; 
 
 darens pil ar snart afskjuten. 
 
 Derfor syn's den mig en narr, 
 
 som sager allt hvad ban vill , 
 15. nar tiga ban sknlle ; — 
 
 ofta tnngan bryter ben, 
 
 fast ben den ei bar. 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 Sa qvad Alfred: 
 
 alder hemsoker 
 
 med mang' okilnda krampor, 
 
 ocb bojer mannen, 
 5. sa att ban sig sjelf kan ej leda. 
 
 Den gOr bonom gralsjnk, 
 
 bans kraft den borttager. 
 
 Om sa det sker 
 
 att du lange hilr bidar, 
 10. och pa din alderdom 
 
 verlds-skatter bar, 
 
 sa dela ditt gods 
 
 bland de dyra viinner, 
 
 medan dina dagar aro 
 15. och du sjelf an lefver. 
 
 Haf ej tillit till dem 
 
 som efter dig bli,
 
 18 
 
 to sone ne to doulcr, 
 ne to none of \nne foster; 
 ?o. for fcwe frond we scultMi findcn 
 |)inni(! \vc liennc fnnden ; 
 f(jr lie |ial is ute Mloken 
 lie is inne sone forgeten. 
 
 \\1\. 
 
 I*ns quad Ahired: 
 
 We rides \vel|)e 
 
 to wnrines seal \vurj)ien, 
 
 and alle cunne niadmes 
 5. to nocht suien nielten , 
 
 and jjure lif sal 
 
 Intel lasten. 
 
 For \m mon weldest 
 
 al ])\s middelert, 
 10. and alle })e weljje 
 
 [)ad |te inne wonit, 
 
 ne mist \>u \n lif lengen 
 
 none wile , 
 
 bote al \m it salt leten 
 15. one Intele slnnde , 
 
 and al In blisse 
 
 to bale sal iwnrjjen , 
 
 bote jiif \m wnrche 
 
 wille to Criste. 
 20. For I)i|)engl5e we inns ns selwen 
 
 to leden nre lif, 
 
 so God ns ginnid leten; 
 
 [jeime mnge we wenen 
 
 |iad he ns wile w nrjjen ; 
 25. fur swu saide Salomon,
 
 19 
 
 ej till son, ej till dotter 
 ej till nagon du fostrat, 
 20. ty fa vilnner ha vi 
 
 niir vi skills liildan; — 
 den som iir ?//pstangd, 
 cir snart deri/me glomd. 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 Sa qvad Alfred: 
 verldens rikedom 
 till maskar skall varda, 
 och alia slags skatter 
 5. till intet forsmillta, 
 och menniskolifvet 
 skall riicka blott kort. 
 Fastan du beherrskar 
 Jordan all, 
 
 10. och alia de ting 
 
 som flnnas iippa den; 
 sa kan du ej forliinga 
 ditt lif en stund. 
 Men allt skall du lemna 
 
 15. uti ett ogonblick; 
 och all din frujd 
 till sorg skall viindas , 
 om ej du villigt 
 verkar for Christns. 
 
 20. Ty vi ma betimka 
 att fora var lefnad 
 som Gud OSS bjudit; 
 sa mand' vi forviinta, 
 att han oss belOnar. 
 
 25. I'y sa qvad Salomo,
 
 20 
 
 |.o wisR Salomon, 
 wis is l^ad wcl (lo[) 
 Invilo he is in |)is werld bol), 
 eiiero at jien onde he comid 
 30. |)er he hit lindit. 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 I»us qnad Ahired: 
 
 Sone min so dere, 
 
 do so ich K lere; 
 
 be l)n wis on \)'\ word, 
 5. and war ojiine speche, 
 
 jienne snlh^n lie lowien 
 
 leden alle. 
 
 Pe gnnge men do [jn lawe , 
 
 ])ad helde lat is lond hawen. 
 lu. Drnnken mon jjif \m mestes 
 
 in weis ol^er in strctes , 
 \>u gef him [le weie reme 
 and let him ford ghden; 
 |3enne mist Iju \n lond 
 ]5. mid frendchipe helden. 
 Sone \ii\ best bus fe 
 sot of bismare word 
 and bet him siwen l^er mide 
 liad him ginne to smerten. 
 20. And haren ich \)e bidde 
 t)if jju on benche sitthest, 
 and \m l^en beuir hore sixst 
 l^e biforen stonden , 
 buch \)e from \n sette 
 2.5. and bide him sone [)er to, 
 Jeanne wclle he sawin
 
 21 
 
 den vise Salomo: 
 vis ar den, som gor ratt, 
 nar han ar i verlden; — 
 sist kommer han (lit, 
 30. der han far sanna det. 
 
 Sa qvad Alfred: 
 Son min, sa dyr, 
 gor som jag liir dig ! 
 Var vis i ditt ord, 
 
 5. i ditt tal var varsam ; 
 sa skall folket 
 allt dig illska. 
 At de unga gif lagar, 
 lat de gamlc ha jord sin. 
 
 10. Om en drucken dn moter 
 pa viig eller stig, 
 gif honom rymlig plats, 
 och lat honom ga forhi; 
 sa skall du ditt land 
 
 15. i vansiimja styra. 
 
 20. Barn, jag dig beder, 
 sitter dn pa bank 
 och ser granad (man) 
 frarhfOr dig standa; 
 res dig da bngande 
 
 25. och hjnd honom platsen, 
 sa skall han saga
 
 22 
 
 soiic one Ins wordc, 
 
 Wei woiije \>e wkl , 
 
 [)ail 1)0 lirsl taile. 
 :w. Sete l)anne sei|»in 
 
 bisidcii hem soliieii, 
 
 for of liim |)n mist hn'cii 
 
 lislis and felo jjeues, 
 
 1)6 baldure l)u mist ben; 
 35. [ne] forlere l)u his reidcs; 
 
 for l>c helder man mc mai ofriden 
 
 beterc [tenne ofreden.
 
 23 
 
 snart (let ordet : 
 
 viil gange det dig, 
 
 och den dig forst liirde! 
 30. Siitt dig sedan 
 
 invid hans sida, 
 
 ty fran honom kan dii hemla 
 
 vett och visdom, 
 
 sa blir du mer manlig. 
 35. Forgat ej hans rad — 
 
 ty val kail du kilckare /vV/a, 
 
 men den gamle kan biitlre idda.
 
 24 
 
 N T E S. 
 
 I. V. 1. At Siforde. Tlic Old -English name of this place is 
 Scifford (pronounced Shi/J'ord), and not, as John Spelman says, 
 Scafford. It means »Sheep-ford«, not Sea- ford, and is in the parish 
 of Bampton. Here king Alfred seems to have held a general as- 
 sembly of the clergy, nobles, and others, about the government of the 
 people. 
 
 1. V. 9—12. And lie/ie Alfred, 
 Englene herde, 
 ErKjh'jic derling , 
 in Enkclonde lie was king. 
 Alfred was born hi Berkshire in 848, or as Mr. Giles says, in 
 849. His parents were Ethelwolf and Osburgha. At the death of Ethel- 
 red, his brother, the sovereignty over the West- Saxons fell to him 
 in 871. He died in the year 901 , as ruler over the whole English 
 nation, except that part which was under the dominion of the Danes. 
 XXXI. V. 2. Sone min so dere 
 do so ich Jie lere. 
 The king here addresses his son Edward the Elder, who was 
 elected by the nobles in the year 901, and died in 924.
 
 GLOSSARY. 
 
 A. 
 
 A-bi(lan,a-biden,a-bide, «-6«de, vb. 
 
 XXVII, 9. abidist, sgl. prs. Icel. 
 
 bi'da. Sw. old, bil)a; now, bida, 
 
 vanta , droja. D. bie. 
 Ac, oc, (fnitj, pitl. XXll, 12. ac. 
 
 Sw. men. 
 .^cer, acer, acre, sbt. VI, 5. 
 
 acreis, pi. Icel. akr. Sw. old, 
 
 aker; now, kker; plogland. D. 
 
 ager. 
 
 ^>fre, aefer, euer, ever, prtl. XI, 8. 
 eure; XVII, 4. XVIII, 4. XXIX, 29. 
 eiiere. Sw. alltid; nSgonsin, n&gon 
 g^ng. 
 
 iEflcr, after, after, pril. XXVII, 
 17. after. Icel. eptir, efUr. Sw. 
 old, iltir, cftir; noiv , eftcr; D. 
 efter. 
 
 JEm-cd, Alfred, sbt. 1 , 7, 9 Al- 
 fred; XI, 1. Alfret: VI, 1. Wfi/- 
 ^red; XXII, 1. Alfreverd; XIX, 
 l.XXIX, 1. Alured. Icel. Alfia()r; 
 Sw. Alfred. 
 
 Jf.n, an, on, one, (alone), num. & 
 indef. art. 1,17, XXII, 12. a: VI, 
 4, o: XX, 9, aw; Xill, 18. XXII, 
 
 14. XXIX, 15. one. Icel. einn. 
 Sw. en, ensam,allena. D. een(en). 
 
 /Enig, anig, any, prn. XXVI, 3, ont,- 
 Sw. n&gon , livarje. 
 
 ^pel, ffippel, appel, apple, ,sbt. 
 XX, 2. appel, sgl. Icel. cpli. 
 Sw. old, aepli ; nou?, apple ; D. 
 seble. 
 
 yEr, er, ere, {before), prtl. XVIII, 
 13. XXII, 15. her. Sw fOrr, 
 fiirut. 
 
 iEt, at, atl, a/, prtl. I, 1. XXII, 
 9. XXVI, 8. XXIX, 29. at. Icel. 
 at, Sw. old, at; now, ht, \, vid, 
 hos. D. ad. 
 
 A-gen, (against), prtl. XXVI, 3. 5. 
 
 agen. Icel. i gegn. Sw. [old, 
 
 1 gen); mot, emot. 
 And, and, prtl. I, 4. &c. &c. and. 
 
 Sw. och. 
 At-henden, E. E., behind, prtl. XIX, 
 
 7 athenden. Sw. bakom, bak. 
 A-weg, a-nei, awag, pril. XXII, 
 
 13. anei. Sw. (iir viigen), nn- 
 
 dan , bort.
 
 -26 
 
 B. 
 
 liiin, bon, hone, sbt. XXVI, 16. 
 
 boti, sgl. Icel. bein. S\\. ben. 1). 
 
 ben. 
 Ba-twa, bal)e, bope, both, prn. 
 
 XXII, 17. bu\u'n. Icel. badir. 
 
 .S\v. old, bajjir; ?io«', bi'iila, hada 
 
 tv.'i ; baiige. 
 Beakl, bald, hold, adj. XXVI. 
 
 2. bold, sgl. ; XXXI, 3i. baldure, 
 
 ctinip. sgl. Icel. ballr. Sw. old, 
 
 balditr, noiv, bSld. D. bold. 
 Bealii, beaid, bale, bale, sbt. 
 
 XXiX, 17. hate, sgl. Icel. bol. 
 
 Sw. olycka, elande, .sovg. 
 Bealu-sl|), (injur)/), sbt. XVII, 1,'}. 
 
 balesipes, pi. Sw. illgeniing, 
 
 brott, di'irskap. 
 Beam, barn, (child), sbt. XXXI, 
 
 20. bdien, sgl. Icel. barn. Sw. 
 
 bain. I), barn. 
 Bearbt, beorht, berlit, briht, bright, 
 
 adj. XX, 3. brit, sgl. Icel. bjartr. 
 
 Sw. bjert. D. bcrt (old). 
 
 Be-cunian, bi-cunien, (see cuman), 
 become, vb. XVIIl, 14. XXII, 
 18 bicorne, sgl. impf. subj. Sw. 
 (bckonima), liinda till, bllt'va. D. 
 (bekomuie). 
 
 Be-furan, bl-foren, bi-forc, before, 
 
 prtl. XIII, 12. XVII, 6. XIX, G. 
 
 XXII, 7. XXXI, 23, beforen. 
 
 Sw. iulor, I'ramlur; framtill. 
 Be-getan, bi-geten (?), (jet, \b. 
 
 XXII, 2. bifjele, sgl. prs. subj.; 
 
 XXII, 3, biyete, sgl. prt. pass. Icel. 
 
 geta. Sw. old, (gitaj ; noiv, (gltta), 
 
 fh, erlialla, forviirfva. 
 Be-ginnan, bi-ginncnn, bi-ginne, 
 
 beijin, vb. I, 13. (jon, irnpt. sgl. ; 
 
 XXVI, G. biijinne, sgl. prs. subj.; 
 
 XXVII, 12. yin, sgl. impr. Sw. 
 begynna, borja. D. begynde. 
 
 Be-liatan, bc-litelan, bi-baiten, bi- 
 hote, {to promise), vb. XIX, 5. 
 bihait, sgl. prs. Icel. heila. 
 Sw. old, halta; now, lol'va. 
 
 Be-bindan, bi-liinden,bi-Iiinde, be- 
 hind, prtl. XIII, 13. XXII, 7. bi- 
 hinden. Sw. pi'i ryggen ; baktill. 
 
 Be - lil'an , be - lail'en , bi - leliie , 
 bileue, (to be left, to remain), 
 vb. XXVII, 17. bileued, prs. pi. 
 Icel. Ufa, (in tlie sense of being 
 left). Sw. blifva, blifva qvar, 
 blifva efter. 
 
 Be-limpan , bi-limpenn, (io hap- 
 pen), vb. XVIU , 10. bi-Umpit, 
 sgl. prs Sw. Icinpa sig; intraffa, 
 banda. D. (lempe). 
 
 Be-kican, bi-luken, louke, lock, 
 (to shut up), vb. XXVI, 11. bi- 
 luken, prs. inf. ; XXVII, 22, biloken, 
 sgl. prt. pass. Icel. Iiika. Sw. old, 
 luka; now, stiinga. D. lukke. 
 
 Be-nia!nan, bi-menen (?), [mienen, 
 menen, raene] bemoan, vb. XIII, 
 12. fctmemd, sgl prs. Sw. onika; 
 omnia for. 
 
 Bene, bench, bench, sbt. XXXI, 
 21. benche, sgl. Icel. bekkr. Sw. 
 oZd, banker; now, bank. D. bsenk. 
 
 Be-niman, bi-nimen, bi-nime, 
 be-nim, nim, vb. XXVII, 7. 
 binimil, sgl. prs. Icel. nema. Sw. 
 old, nima; now, (-nimma), 
 taga, borttage. D. (nemme). 
 
 Beogan, bugan, bughenn, buwen, 
 bouwe, boiv, vb. XXXI, 24. buck, 
 sgl. impr. Isl. bjiiga. Sw. buga. 
 
 Beon, ben, be, vb. XVII, 5. XXII, G. 
 be , sgl. prs. subj ; XXVI , 2. 
 XXXI, 4. be, sgl. impr.; XXII, 
 14. bes , sgl. prs.; XXVI, 15; 
 XXXI, 34. ben, inf. prs. XXIX, 
 28. bo\), sgl. prs. Sw. vara.
 
 27 
 
 Ue-ptecan, bi-pechen, (to de- 
 ceive), vb. XIX, 17. bipechen, 
 
 inf. prs. Sw. tonada. 
 Lieian, beren, bere, bear, vh. XI, 
 
 14. iboren, sgl. pit. pass. Icel. 
 
 bera. Sw. baia, (IVida). D. bane. 
 Be-sidan, bi-sideii, bi-side, beside, 
 
 pitl. XXXI, 31. bisiden. Sw. 
 
 (vid sidaii af), invid. 
 Be-tidan, bi-tyde, belide, [to hap- 
 
 pett), vb. XXVII, 8. bctided, sgl. 
 
 prs. Sw. tinia, banda, intialla. 
 
 D. (times). 
 Be-tweonum, be-tweonan, be-twy- 
 
 nan, be-twinan, bi-twine, be- 
 tween, prtl. XVIII, 9. bituenen. 
 
 Sw. meilan , emellau. 
 Beuir. XXXI, 22. Mr. Kemble 
 
 translates head. 
 Be-l)cncan, bi-J)enclien, bi-I)enche, 
 
 bethink, (to reflect), vb. XXIX, 20. 
 
 bi-]>eng]ie, inf. prs. Sw. betiinka. 
 
 D. betaenke. 
 Biddan, bidden, bidde, bid, vb. 
 
 XXXI, 20. bidde, sgl. prs.; XXXI, 
 
 25. bide, impr. sgl. Icel. bicija. 
 
 Sw. old, bijJia; now, bedja. D. 
 
 bede. 
 Biter, bitter, bitter, adj. XX, 4. 
 
 bittere, sgl. Icel. bitr. Sw. 
 
 bitter. D. bitter. 
 Blys, blis, bliss, sbt. XXIX, IG. 
 
 blisse, sgl. Sw. sallhet, lycka, 
 
 fronima. 
 Bolt, bolt, sbt. XXVI, 12. bold, 
 
 sgl. Sw. spjut, pil. 
 Booc-lered, E. E., booklearned, 
 
 adj. I, 4. booclerede, pi. prt. pass. 
 
 Icel. biikla:r5r. Sw. boklard, lard ; 
 
 lagkunnig. 
 Bord, board, {tabled, sbt. XXVI, 8. 
 
 bord, sgl. Icel. bord. Sw. old, 
 
 bi)r|); noff, bord. D. bord. 
 
 Brecan , breken , breke, break, vb. 
 XXVI, 16. brekit, sgl. prs. Icel. 
 {sijn. braka, vb.; brek, sbt. n.J. 
 Sw. bracka. D. braikke. 
 
 Bur, bour, bower, sbt. XX, 6. 
 
 bure, sgl. Icel. bur. Sw. bur, 
 
 jungfrubur. D. bur. 
 Butaii, butun, buluu, bulen, bute, 
 
 but, {unless}, prtl. VI, 12. XXIX, 
 
 14. 18 bote;\l, 14.15. bute. Icel. 
 
 utan. Sw. utan. D. uden. 
 Byscop, biscop, bisscliop, bishop, 
 
 sbt. I, 3. biscopis, pi. Icel. 
 
 byskup, biskup. Sw. old, 
 
 b\skupa;r, biskuper; now, biskop. 
 
 D. biskop, bisp. 
 
 c. 
 
 Cidan, chiden, chide, chide, vb. 
 
 XXVI, 3. 5. chiden, inf. prs. Sw. 
 skalla, triita. 
 
 Cleroc, cleric, clcrc, clerk, sbt. I, 
 19. cleric, sgl. Icel. klerkr. Sw. 
 old, klerker; now, klerk. D. klerk. 
 
 Cnawan, i-cnawen, i-cnowc, know, 
 vb. XIX, IG. knewen, inf. prs. 
 Icel. knega. Sw. kanna, veta. 
 
 Cneoht, cnyht, knyht, kniyhl, sbt. I, 
 6. cniles, pi. Sw. knekt; rid- 
 dare. D. (knegt). 
 
 Gosles, E. E. trials, sbt. [In Old- 
 English I have only found costuny, 
 costnung, cosines; perhaps cost- 
 es is an error for cosines]. 
 
 XXVII, 3. castes, pi. Sw. prof, 
 profning. Icel. (kosta, vb.). 
 
 Crist, Christ, sbt. XXIX, 19. criste. 
 
 Icel. Kristr. Sw. Krisl. 
 Cunian, kumen, coinen , come, 
 
 come, vb. XXVIl, 2. cumid, 
 
 sgl. prs.; XXIX, 29. comid, sgl. 
 
 prs. Icel. kunia, konia. Sw. old.
 
 28 
 
 knnia (koma); nou\ knmnia. I). 
 
 komme. 
 C.iinnan, ciiiiiuiiii, cuniie, c(ni,\h. 
 
 XIII, 7. XXVI, 11, ran, sgl. prs. ; 
 
 XIX, 15. cn\), sgl. prt. pass. Icel. 
 
 kiinna. S\v. kiinna, kiinna. D. 
 
 kiinnc. 
 Cwffidan, cweflan, queden(?),(gwo</)), 
 
 VI, 1; XI, 1; Xlll, 1; XVII, 1; 
 
 XVIII, 1; XIX, 1; XX, 1; XXII, 
 
 ]; XXVI, 1; XXVII, 1. XXIX, 
 
 1; XXXI, 1. quad, sgl. inipl'. 
 
 Icol. kvc(\i. 8\v. old, qvaej)a; 
 
 W(W', qvada. D. kvaMlc. 
 Cyiiiiig. oyng, kyng, Idn;], slil. 
 
 I, 12, 17, 19. kw(j, sgl. Icel. 
 
 koniingr. Sw. old, knnungcr, 
 
 konongpr; nmv , konung, kiing. 
 
 D. koiige. 
 Cyiiii , cyn , kyn. kin , sbl. XXIX , 4. 
 
 cunne, pl. Icel. kyn. Sw. old, 
 
 kyn; now, kon, slag. D. kon. 
 fiyiiii, cyn , {a noble race: a prince: 
 
 (I noble], sl)t. I, 2. kirthis, pl. Icel. 
 
 konr. Sw. hofding, prins. 
 
 D. 
 
 Daeg, daey, daei, day, sbt. XXII, 
 12. to day; XXVII, 14. dages, 
 pl. Icel. dagr. Sw. old, dagher, 
 noxo, dag. D. dag. 
 
 Daelan, dalen, delen, deal, vb. 
 XXVII, 12. delen, inf. prs. Icel. 
 deila. Sw. dela. D. dele. 
 
 Deore, dyre, dere, dear, adj. XXXI, 
 2. dere, sgl.; XXVII, 13. dere, 
 pl. Icel. dyrr. Sw. dyr, dyrbar. 
 D. dyr. 
 
 Deorling, dyrling, derling, dar- 
 ling, sbt. 1, 11. derling, sgl. 
 Icel. dyrlingr. Sw. alskling. 
 gunstling. 
 
 Dohlor, dogliler, doytev, dnufer, 
 daughter, sbl,. XXVII, 18. douter, 
 sgl. Icel. ddtllr. Sw. old, 
 doUir; no>c, doKer. I), datter. 
 
 ge-Don, y-don, i-don, do, vb. 
 XXVll, 4. XXIX, 27. do]), sgl. 
 prs.; VI, 9. deit, sgl. prs. XXXI, 
 3. 8. do, sgl. iinpr. Icel. (Ai\!S, 
 sb.). Sw. gora, Ssladkomma. 
 [In Swed. we have only the sbt. 
 dud]. 
 
 Dote, E. E. , {dotard, doter), sbt. 
 
 XXVI, 13. dote, sgl. Sw. narr. 
 Drincan, drinkcn, dringke, drink, 
 
 vb. XVII, 3. XXXI, 10. drunken, 
 sgl. prt. pass. Icel. drekka. Sw. 
 dricka. D. drikke. 
 
 Dryl'an, drifan, drifenn , driuen , 
 driuc, drive, vb. XI, 7. drinen, 
 inf. prs.; XXII, 13, driuist , sgl. 
 prs. Icel. dri'fa. Sw. drifva. D. 
 drive. 
 
 Dryhten , drihten , drihte, driht, 
 drit, (Lord), sbt. XI, 8. dristin, 
 sgl. Icel. drottinn. Sw. old, 
 drotin; now, drott. D. drot. 
 
 Dugan, dugen (?), (to profit, to 
 last^, vb. XXII, 11. degh, sgl. prs. ; 
 
 XXVII, 14. dugen, pl. prs. subj. 
 leel. duga. Sw. oW, dogha; now, 
 duga, racka till. 
 
 Duguj), duge}), [virtuv , riches, 
 heuMi), sbt. XXVII, 12. duge^e, 
 sgl. Icel. [dyggd). Sw. hvad 
 soni dnger: dygd, makt, egen- 
 dom. D. (dyd). 
 
 Dust, dust, sbt. XI, 7. dnste. Icel. 
 dust. Sw. dust, stoft. 
 
 Dwal, dwol, dol, didl, (foolish), adj. 
 XXVI, 5. dwales pl. Sw. dfiraktig, 
 galen, forryckt. [This adjective 
 may perhaps have some affinity 
 to the Swedish substantive dvala,
 
 29 
 
 which means the state of a person 
 when half asleep, or having no 
 consciousness. 
 Dysip:, disig, ihsi, dizzi/, (foolish), 
 adj XVIIl , 3. desi. Sw. daraktig. 
 
 E. 
 
 Eac, eke, {also), prtl. heke, 1, 9. 
 
 Sw. ock, jcmval. Icel. auk. 
 Eald, aid, old, adj. XXXI, 9. 
 
 helde, sgl. XXXI, 36. helder, 
 
 sgl. comp. Icel. aldinn. Sw. 
 
 a/(/rig. 
 Eall, eal, al, all, prn. XIII, 21; 
 
 XVII, 5. XVIII, 5. XXII, 15. 
 
 XXVI, 14. XXIX. 9. 14. 16. al, 
 
 sgl.; XXIX, 10. alle, sgl.; VI, 
 
 6. al, pi.; XVII, 7. XVIII, 6. 
 
 XIX, 11. 12. XXII, 5. 9. XXVI, 
 
 5. XXIX, 4. XXXI, 7. alle, pi. 
 
 Icel. allr. Sw. old, al})er; now, 
 
 all, hcl, hvarje. D. al. 
 Bare, ear, ear, sbt. XVIII, 18. 
 
 heren , pi. Icel. eyra. Sw. ora. 
 
 D. ore. 
 Earg, areg, (atiyry), adj. XIII, 3. 
 
 11. 19. 20. arege, sgl. Icel. argr. 
 
 Sw. aig , fiendtlig. 
 Endc, end, sbt. XXIX, 29- ende, 
 
 sgl. Icel. endir. Sw. anda, ande. 
 
 D. ende. 
 Engla-land, engeland, England, 
 
 sbt. I, 12.17. enJielonde; I, 24. 
 
 engelonde. Icel. England. Sw. 
 
 England. 
 Engle, Angles, sbt. pi. I, 10. 11. 
 
 englene. Icel. Englar, (pi.). Sw. 
 
 Angler, (pi.) 
 Eorl , erl , earl, sbt. 1 , 7. erl, sgl. 
 
 I, 5. herles, pi. Icel. jarl. Sw. 
 
 jarl. D. jarl. 
 Eorre, yrre, irre, eire, ire, sbt. XI, 
 
 10. eire, sgl. Sw. vrede. 
 
 P. 
 
 Faeger, feiyer, feyr, fayr, fair, adj. 
 
 XIX, 6. XX, 6. faire, sgl. Icel. 
 
 fagr. Sw. fager. D. fager (faver). 
 Fsegere, faire, /at>, {f airly :,a.d\. XIX, 
 
 5. faire. Isl. fagrliga. Sw. fagert, 
 
 vackert. 
 Fah-mon, fo-man, foeman, sbt. 
 
 XVII, 7. fomen,])\. Icel. fja (vb.). 
 Sw. flende. 
 
 Feala, fcole, fele, (many, mvch), 
 
 prn. 1,3.4. XXVI, 9. 11. XXVII. 
 
 3. XXXI, 33. fele. Icel. fjol. 
 
 Sw. mang, niangen. 
 Feawe, fewe, few, prn. XXVI, 
 
 10. XXVII, 20. fewe. Icel. far. 
 
 Sw. old, fair; noiv, f&. D. faa. 
 Feoh, feo, fee, sbt. XXII, 16. fe 
 
 Icel. fe. Sw. fa, boskap; egen- 
 
 dom , gods. D. fa;. 
 Feohtaii, faehten, fehten, fight, vb. 
 
 XVIII, 9. foken, pi. impf. Sw. 
 fiikta. D. faegte. 
 
 Feond, fend, feend, fiend, sbl. 
 
 XVIII, 12. fend, sgl. Icel. 
 
 fjandi. Sw. old, fiandi; now, 
 
 fiende. D. fjende. 
 Ficol, fikil, fiHie, adj. XIX. 14. 
 
 filiil, sgl. XIX, 7. foket, sgl. icel. 
 
 (lika, vb.). Sw. flyktig, ostadig, 
 
 tvetydig. 
 Freond, trend, friend, sbt. XVIII, 
 
 4. 13. XIX, 4. XXII. 2.12.17.19. 
 
 frend, sgl. ; VI, 13. XXVII, 13. 20. 
 
 frend, pi. Icel. (fraendi). Sw. old, 
 
 (fraendi); now, (frande), van. D. 
 
 (fra3ndc). 
 Freondscipe, frendchipe, friendship, 
 
 sbt. XXXI, 15. frendchipe. Sw. 
 
 (friindskap), vanskap. 
 For, for, prtl. XI, 9. XVII, 11. 
 
 for. Icel. for. Sw. for D. 
 
 for.
 
 30 
 
 For-golaii, (/">'«»( gytaii, pitan, gctan), 
 foi-i;eten {?), forget, \h. XXVIl, 
 2.'>. forjielen, prt. pass. sgl. Sw. 
 for;j;ata. 
 
 For-lu>laii , holian, [from helan]|, 
 foiiiclen, liele. [lo hide, to 
 conceal), \it. Mil, 1!). forhele, 
 iiupr. St;]. Icci. Iivlja. S\\. old, 
 (iiylia); 7ioh\ (iiolja), forlidlja , 
 (lolja. D. hylic. 
 
 For-lcosan, [Icoran], i'or-lcoscn , 
 loose, (to destroij), vb. XI, 12. 
 forlesed, sgl. prs. XXXI, 35. for- 
 lere, sgl. iiiipr. ; XXII, 16. for- 
 loren, sgl. prt. pass. S\v. forlina; 
 borlkasta, forspilla, forstoia; 
 glomnia boil. 
 
 Foster, E. E., a fosterling, sbt. 
 XXVII, 19. foster, pi. Icel. 
 ft'istr. S\v. (foster), fosterbarn. 
 D. (foster), fin Old-English the 
 word foster signifies food or 
 7wiirislimenl: and such a Swed. 
 word as foslerhtim was al- 
 ways e.vpressed by fosterling, 
 foster-beam. Neither Lye, nor 
 Ettniiiller, nor Hosworth, has 
 the word foster in the same 
 sense as tiiat in which it is 
 employed in King Alfred's Pro- 
 verbs, and commonly in Early- 
 English]. 
 
 For}), forth, prtl. XXXI, 13. ford. 
 Sw. fort, bort. 
 
 For-j)am, for-pan, for-I)on, for, -/or, 
 (hecanse), prtl. VI, 4, 14. XVII, 
 G. XVIII, 8. IG. XIX, 14. XXVI, 
 IG. XXVII, 20. 22. XXIX, 8. 
 20. 25. XXXI, 3G. for. Sw. 
 forty, ty. D. for. 
 
 For-l)y, ^therefore), prtl. XIII, 18; 
 XXVI, 13. for-\)y. Sw. dcrfor. 
 Iccl. fyr j)vi. 
 
 Fram , from, from, prtl. \XXI, 
 
 24. from. Icel. fra. Sw. old, 
 
 him; noic, friin. D. fra. 
 Frenied, frcmd, (foreign, strange), 
 
 adj. VI, 12. frernede. pi. Sw. 
 
 friimmande. D. fremmcd. 
 Freo, fri, free, adj. XXII, 3. fre. 
 
 sgl. Sw. fri. n. fri. 
 Fill, lull, full, pril. I, 20. VI, 3. 
 
 XIII, 15. fid. Icel. (fnllr, adj.). 
 
 Sw. fnllt, tillfyilest. D. fnldt. 
 Fyndan, findan, linden, linde, find, 
 
 vb. XXVII, 20. finden, inf. prs. ; 
 
 XXIX, 30. findit, sgl. prs. ; XXVIl, 
 
 21. funden, pi. prt. pass. Icel. 
 
 finna. Sw. finna. D. linde. 
 Fyrst, first, first, prtl. XXXI, 29. 
 
 first. I si. fyrst. Sw. old, fyrst, 
 
 now f('irst. D. forst. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gaedeling, gadeling, (a comrade'), 
 sbt. XX, 10. gadeling, sgl. Sw. 
 stallbroder, kamrat. 
 
 Ge-lice, eg-leche; (likeivise), prtl. 
 I, 6. egleche. Sw. liksa, iifven, 
 derjemte. 
 
 Geong, giing, gunng, yung, young, 
 adj. XXXI, 8. gunge, sgl. Icel. 
 ungr. Sw. old, unger; now, ung. 
 D. ung. 
 
 Gif. yif, if, prtl. XI, 4. XIII, 2, 10. 
 XXII, 2, 12. XXVII, 8. gif: 
 XVIII, 10. ef; XIX, 10, giu; 
 XXII, 11. XXIX, 18. XXXI, 10, 
 21. W, XVII, 6. hif Icel. ef. 
 Sw. old, ef; noiv, ora. 
 
 Gifan, yifen, giuen, giue, give, 
 vb.XXXI, 12. gef. sgl. impr. Icel. 
 gefa. Sw. gifva. D. give. 
 
 Glidan, gliden, glide, glide, (to slip 
 away), vb. XXXI, 13. gliden,
 
 31 
 
 inf. prs. Isl. (Ii3a). Sw. glkia; 
 
 koninia undan. D. glide. 
 God, God, sbt. XX!X, 22. god, 
 
 sgl; I, 20. (jodes, sgl. ; XI, 10. 
 
 (jodis, sgl. Icel. gnd. Sw. 
 
 old, gup; now, gud. D. gud. 
 Godlic, godliche, godeiike, goodly, 
 
 adj. XX, 11. godeiike, sgl. Icel. 
 
 goligr. Sw. praktig. 
 Gold, gold, sbt. VI, 14. XI, 5.9. gold; 
 
 VI, 7. 8. ffoMe. Icel. gull, goll. 
 
 Sw. old, gull; wott), guld. D. guld. 
 Grses, gras, grass, sbt. VI, 9. gres, 
 
 sgl. Icel. gras. Sw. old, graess; 
 
 now, gras. D. graes. 
 Grene, green, (flourishing), adj. XX, 
 
 2. grene, sgl. Icel. grcenn. Sw. 
 
 gron , blomstiande. D. gron. 
 Growan , groiv, \h. VI, 8. gnie, 
 
 sgl. impf. subj. Icel. gioa. Sw. 
 
 old, groa; noic, gro. D. gro. 
 
 H. 
 
 Habban, liabben, habbe, hawen, 
 have, vb. XXXI, 9. hawen, inf. prs. ; 
 XI, 4. hawest, sgl. pis.; Xlll, 2. 
 10. XVllI, 7. XXII, 12. hauisl, 
 sgl. prs.; XI, 10. hanid, sgl. 
 prs.; XVII, 15. XIX, 14. hauit, 
 sgl. prs.; VI, 15. XIX, 4. /*fl^6e, 
 sgl. prs. subj.; XVII, 9. hauedest, 
 sgl. impf.; Xlll, 17. heuedest, 
 sgl. impf.; VI, 4. hauede, sgl. 
 impf. subj.; XXVI, 9. hawe, sgl. 
 impr. ; XXVIl, IG, haue, sgl. impr. 
 Icel. hafa. Sw. hafva. D. have. 
 
 Hffigian, hegian, hegen (?), hedge, 
 vb. VI, 6. heged. sgl. impf. subj. 
 Icel. hegna. Sw. hagna; inhagna. 
 D. hegne. 
 
 Har, hor, hoar, adj. XXXI, 22. 
 hore, sgl. Icci. jiarr. Sw. gra. 
 
 He, lieo, hit, prn. fNew-Englisli he, 
 it; but she is derived from 
 seo.] I, 12, 13, 17, 19, 20, 21, 
 23. VI, 12. XI, 12. 14. XIII, 12, 
 13. 17. XVII, 10. 12. 16. 17. 
 Xl\, 3. 4. 15. 17. XXII, 6. 8. 
 XXVIl, 23. XXIX, 30. he, sgl.; 
 XX, 8. hie, sgl.; XVII, 6. 
 hue, sgl; Xlll, 3. 14. 18. 19. 
 XVlll, 17; XXVII, (3; XXIX, 
 
 30. hit, sgl.; VI, 15. XI, 6. XIII, 
 15. XVll, 10. 17. XVlll, 10. 19. 
 XXVII, 8. XXIX, 14. it, sgl.; 
 I, 21. 22. XVIII, 18. his, sgl.; 
 XI, 9. 11. 12. XXII, 11. 
 XXVI, 14. XXVIl, 7. XXXI, 9, 
 is, sgl.; XVII, 8, IG. XX, 6. 
 XXVl, 17. hire, sgl.; VI, 12. 
 XI, 13. XIX, 5. XXII, 4. 10. 13. 
 XXVI, 13. XXVII, 5.6.7. XXXI, 
 12.13. 25. 32. him, sgl.; XXXi, 
 
 31, hem, sgl.; I, 13. XVlll, 9. 
 hem, pi. Sw. han, (hon, det). 
 
 Healdan , halden , holde, hold, 
 (to last), vb. WX,d. hehlen,\nL 
 prs. XVlll, 15. helden, sgl. prt. 
 pass. Icel. halda. Sw. old, halda ; 
 now, halla D. hoble. 
 
 Healdan, hyldan , heldan , helden, 
 heel, {to bend, lolean), vb. XXVIl, 
 4. helden, inf. fut. Icel. halla. 
 Sw. halla, luta. D. ha-lde. 
 
 Heonan,heonnen,hcnnen(e),liinene, 
 hinnes, hence, adv. XXVIl, 21, 
 henne. Icel. (he6an). Sw. old, 
 haepan; now, hadan. D. hcden. 
 
 Heorde, liyrde, herde, (shep-herd), 
 sbt. 1, 10. herde, sgl. Icel. hiri^ir. 
 o/(/, hirj)i; 7?o»', herde. I), hyrde. 
 
 Ileorte, herte, heart, sbt. Xlll, 18. 
 hirte, sgl.; Mil, 21. herte, sgl. 
 Icel. hjarta. Sw. old, liiarta; now, 
 iijcrla. I), hjerte.
 
 
 11.M-, here, iiilv. XXVIl, 9, her. Icel. 
 
 li('r. Sw. hiir. D. her. 
 Hois, horse, sbt. XX, 11. /(OJ-se, 
 
 sgl. Isl, hors, (hross). Sw. old, 
 
 hors; »oir, liiist. 1). hors. 
 Hn, hoii, /(oir, adv. I, 15. rvhn. 
 
 led. (hvii). Sw. hum, hur. 
 Hunt - seofonlig , hunt. - scMicntig , 
 
 -seuinti, sevenli/ , num. VI, 
 
 5, hiirilseninti. Iccl. sjauti'u. 
 
 Sw ()/(/, sjiitifii; now, sjutio, 
 
 sjutlio. D. (syvti). 
 Hwa (hwaet), who, what, prn. VI, 
 
 \i.wad. Icel. livcrr,hvat. Sw.old, 
 
 hua, (liuat); nou\ hvem, hvnil. 
 HwaMine , tchen , prt. XIX , 17, 
 
 wamie. Sw. niir. 
 Hwile, hwil, while, (space of time], 
 
 sbt. XX, 9. XXIX, 13. wile, sgl; 
 
 Icel. (hM'la). Sw. (hvila), obest. 
 
 lldsutdragt. D. (hvile). 
 Hwilum, liwilon, whilen, hwile, 
 
 wile, hwile, prtl. XXVII, 14. 
 
 XXIX , 28. hwile. Sw. medan 
 
 [This word is originally the dative 
 
 pi. of the substantive hwile]. 
 ge-Hyran, heran, i-hcren, i-here, 
 
 hear. vh. 1,14. i-herin, inf. prs; 
 
 XVIII, 19. i-heren, inf. prs. XIX, 
 
 13. herest, sgl. prs. Icel. heyra. 
 
 Sw. bora. D. bore. 
 
 I. 
 
 Ic, ice, ich, /, prn. XXVI, 13. 
 
 XXXI, 3, 20. ich, sgl; 1, 14. 
 
 15. XXVII, 20. 21. XXIX, 20. 
 
 23. we, pi; XXIX, 20. 22. 24. 
 
 lis, pi. Icel. ek. Sw. old, ia3k, 
 
 jak; now, jag. D. jeg. 
 in, in, prtl. I, 12.17-24. XIII, 18. 
 
 XX, 6. 9. XXIX, 28; XXXI, 11. 
 
 in. Icel. I. Sw. i, uli. D. i. 
 
 Innan, innnn, inne, (irifhin), prtl. 
 XXVH, 23. XXIX, ll.iwne. Icel. 
 inni. Sw. derinne, inne D. inde. 
 
 L. 
 
 Landau , ledan , leden , lede , 
 
 lead, vb. I, IG. lede, inf. prs.; 
 
 XXIX, 21. leden, inf. prs.; XXIX, 
 
 22, leten, inf. prs. Icel. Iel3a. 
 
 Sw. 0?/, lel)a; r*ou\ leria. D. lede 
 Lasran , leran , leren , lerin , (to 
 
 teach), \b. XXXI, 32. leren, inf. 
 
 prs.; I, 13. lerin, inf. prs. ; XXXI, 
 
 3. lere, sgl. prs. Icel. Ia3ra. 
 
 Sw. lara. D. laere 
 Lsestan, lastan, lasten, last, vb. 
 
 XXIX, 7. lasten, inf. prs. Sw. 
 
 riicka, vara. 
 Laetan, leten, lete, let, {to leave), 
 
 a. XIII, 20. XXXI, 13. let, 
 
 sgl. impr,; XXXI, 9. lat , sgl. 
 
 impr.; /?. XVH , 10. letin , inf. 
 
 prs.; XXIX, 14. lelen, inf. 
 
 prs. Icel. lata. Sw. old, lata; 
 
 now, lata. a. tillftta; /3. forl&ta, 
 
 (lemna); underlSta. 0. lade. 
 Lagu, laghe, lawe, law, sbt. I, 8. 
 
 XXXI, 8. lawe, sgl. Icel. log. 
 
 Svi.old, lagh; now, lag. D. lov. 
 Land, land, sbt. XXXI, 9. 14. 
 
 lond, sgl. Icel. land. Sw. 
 
 land, jord, egendom. D. land. 
 Lange, longe, long, prtl. XXVH, 
 
 9. longe, XIX, 9. lengest, sup. 
 
 Icel. lengi. Sw. old, IcBngi ; now, 
 
 lange. D. la;nge. 
 Langian, laengian, lencgan, lengen, 
 
 (to lengthen), vb. XXIX, 12. len- 
 gen, inf. prs. Icel. lengja. Sw. 
 
 forlanga. D. forlajnge. 
 La(), lotX loth, (loathsome, loathed), 
 
 adj. XVIII, 11, lo(\))e, pi. Icel. 
 
 leii^r. Sw. led. D. led.
 
 33 
 
 ge-Leafa, leue, {irvst), shl. XWII, ! 
 
 16, leue. Sw. lit, tillit, tio, for- 
 
 trostan. 
 ge-Leaian, ge-lyfan, lifan, i-leuen, 
 
 i-leue, believe, vb. XIX, 10, 
 
 leuen, sgl. prs. subj.; XI, 2, leue, 
 
 impr. sgl. Sw. tro. 
 Leode, pi., lede, (people, nation), 
 
 sbt. XXXI, 7. leden. Icel. 
 
 IjoSr, lydr. Sw. old, 1yd, now, 
 
 folk, nation. 
 Leome , lime , limb , ( branch , 
 
 bough), sbt. XX, 3. leme, sgl. 
 
 icel. limr. Sw. oM, limber; now, 
 
 lem; gren. D. lem. 
 ge-Lice, eg-leche, i-liche, (also), prtl. 
 
 I, 6. egleche. Icel. (iSgh'kr, adj.). 
 Sw. likaledes , desslikes. 
 
 Licigean, lician, likie, like, vb. 
 
 XIII, 9. XVIII, 5. likit, sgl prs. 
 
 Icel. Ilka. Sw. old, lika; now, 
 
 tycka cm; behaga. 
 Liflgan, lifian, libban, libben, libbe, 
 
 Hue, live, vb. XI, 8. liuin, inf. 
 
 prs. ; XXVII,15. Hue, inf.prs. ; XVII, 
 
 II, liuihinde, pi. prtl. act. Icel. 
 lifa. Sw. old, liva; 7iow, lefva. 
 D. leve. 
 
 List, list, [wisdom, art), sbt. XXXI, 
 
 33 listis, pi. Icel. list. Sw. (list, 
 
 slughet), insigt, forstand, vis- 
 
 dom. D. (list). 
 Locian, lokien, lokie, loke look, 
 
 vb. XXII, 4. 6. loke, sgl. impr. 
 
 Sw. se, se till. 
 Lufian, lowien, louie, love, love, 
 
 vb. XXXI, G. lowien, inf. 
 
 prs.; I, 20. louede, sgl. impf. 
 
 Icel. (Ijiifr, adj.). Sw. (old, liuver; 
 
 now, Ijuf; adj.) alska. 
 Lufsum, luvsum, lovesom. adj. I, 
 
 18. lussum, sgl. Sw. alskvard 
 
 Lyf, lir, life, sbt. I, 15. XXIX, 6. 
 
 12. 21, lif. Icel. liT. Sw. lif, lefnad. 
 
 D. liv. 
 Lytel, litel, little, adj. XXIX, 15, 
 
 lutele, sgl. Icel. litill. Sw. old, 
 
 litil; now, liten. D. liden. 
 Lytle, little, prtl. XXIX, 7. lutel 
 
 Icel. litt. Sw. litet. D. lidt. 
 
 m. 
 
 Macian, makian, makien, makie, 
 
 make, vb. XXVII, 6. makit, sgl. 
 
 prs. Sw. (maka), gora. D. (mage). 
 Magan, mayen, mseyen, mteie, maei, 
 
 may, vb. XIII, 14. XXIX, 12. 
 
 XXXi, 14. 32. 34. mist, sgl. prs.; 
 
 XIII, 16. XXII, 10. maist, sgl. 
 
 prs.; XVII, 17. XIX, 8. XXVIl, 
 
 5. XXXI, 36. mai, sgl. prs.; 
 
 I, 14. mugen. pi. prs.; 
 
 XXVII, 15. mowe, prs. subj. sgl.; 
 
 XXIX, 23. muge, pi. prs. Icel. 
 
 mega. Sw. old, magha; now, 
 
 ma. D. maa. 
 Mamelit, E. E., he mumbles, vb. 
 
 XVIII, 16. Icel. mu5la. Sw. 
 mumla, pladdra. 
 
 Man, mann, man, sbt. VI, 4. XIX, 2. 
 XXVII, 4. XXXI, 36. man, sgl , 
 I, 23. VI, 15. XI, 9. XIII, 6. 14. 
 
 XIX, 5. 8. 14. XXIX, 8. XXXI, 
 10. mon, sgl. XIII, 16. XXXI, 
 8. men, sgl.; XIX, 11. XXVI, 8. 
 monnis, sgl.; XIX, 15. monne, 
 sgl.; XVIII, 8. men, pi. Icel.maflr. 
 Sw. old, maQer; now, man. D. 
 mand. 
 
 Manig, ma^nig, monig, mony, many, 
 prn. XI, 9. XIX, 14. -VX, 2. 5. 10. 
 moni. sgl; XIX, 2, mani, sgl. XXVI, 
 4. mani,[>\.; 1. 2. XI, 4. monie.
 
 34 
 
 pi. led. margr. S\v. old, iiiaighir 
 
 (pi.); tiow, mSngcn. D. mangen. 
 MaOni , {ireasttre], sbt. XI, 4 XXIX, 
 
 4. iiindmi's, pi. Ifol. inoic^m. Sw. 
 
 skatl, cgotlelar, kladcr. 
 Me, E. E. {men, theij; one] XXXI, 
 
 36. we. Sw. man. 
 Mearli, (incarg), niear, mare, sbt. 
 
 XX, 12, merge {tverge}, sgl. Icel. 
 
 merr. Sw. old, maer; now,mi\yv, 
 
 sto. D. ma;r. 
 Melaii, i-meten, i-mete, mete, 
 
 meet, vb. XXXI, 10. mesles, 
 
 sgl. prs. Icel. riKFta Sw. mota. 
 
 D. mode. 
 Mid, mit, ml)), (wilh), prtl. XVII, 
 
 8. mit; XXII, 6. mide: VI, 7. 
 
 XXII, 3. 5. XXVI. 4. 10. XXVII, 
 
 3. XXXI, I.''), mid. Icel. med. 
 
 Sw. oW, ma?)), mcj); now, med. 
 
 D. med. 
 Middan-geard, middaii-eard, mid- 
 
 del-serd, middel-ert, {the earth), 
 
 sbt. XXIX, 9. middelert. Icel. 
 
 mi(igai()r. Sw. midg^rd; verlden. 
 
 D. midgaard. 
 Mlht, might, sbt. XXVII, 7. miste, 
 
 sgl. Icel. mekt. Sw. makt. D. 
 
 magt. 
 
 Min, ml, mine, my, prn. XXXI, 
 2. min, sgl. Icel. minn. Sw. 
 min. D. min. 
 
 Mod , mood, [mind), sbt. XVIII, 3. 
 
 XIX, 14. mod. Icel. m6(5r. Sw. 
 
 mod, sinne, sjiil. D. (mod). 
 Morgen , moryen , morewe , mor- 
 row, sbt. XXII, 13. (to) moreidn. 
 
 Icel. morginn. Sw. old, morghun; 
 
 now, morgon. D. morgen. 
 Mot, must, vb. XXIX, 20, miis 
 
 pi. prs. Sw. mSste. 
 Mu3, mon9, month, sbt. XVIII , 16. 
 
 mud, sgl. Icel. mu3r, munnr. 
 
 Sw. old, munder; now, mund, 
 
 mun. D. mund. 
 Mycel, muchel, muchc, moche, 
 
 mnch, adj. XI, 5 moch, sgl.; 
 
 XHI, 17. mor , pi. comp. Icel. 
 
 mikill. Sw. old, mykil, mikil; 
 
 now, mycken. D. megen. 
 Mycle, (much), pril. XVllI, 17. 
 
 more, comp. Icel. mjok. Sw. 
 
 old, mykit, mikit; now, mycket. 
 
 I), meget. 
 Myltan , miltan , meltan , melten , 
 
 melt, vb. XXIX, 5. melten, inf. 
 
 prs. Icel. melta. Sw. smalta, 
 
 forsmalta, bortsmalta. 
 
 N. 
 
 Nabban, nabbe, (not have), vb. 
 
 XXVI, 17. woj/jd, sgl. prs. ; XXII, 
 19. newedesl, sgl. impf. Sw. 
 icke hafva, ej hafva. 
 
 Nffifre, [ne aefre], neuere, never, 
 prtl. XIII, 20. XVII, 2. XVIII, 
 2. XIX, 10. 16. XXVI, 2. 6. 8. 
 
 neuere. Sw. aldrig. 
 
 Nffin, [ne an,aen], nan, non, none, 
 prn. XXVI, 17. non, sgl.; XXVI, 
 8. nones, sgl.; XXVII. 16. 19. 
 XXIX, 13. none, sgl. Icel. neiun. 
 Sw. ingen. 
 
 Nawiht , nowiht , nowit, nout, 
 nought, prn.; not, prtl. [It may 
 be observed, as Rask has remark- 
 ed, that the adv. probably is 
 derived from the same root as 
 the prn.] VI, 11. XI, 2, nout; 
 XI, 6. nout; XVII, 17, nowit; 
 
 XXVII, .5, noch; XXIX, 5, nocht. 
 Ne, inot), prtl. XIII, .3. 7. XVII, 
 
 17. XVIII, 3. 6. XIX, 3. 12. 
 16. XXVI, 4. 6. 9. XXVII, 5. 
 
 18. 19. XXIX, 12. ne. Icel. n6. Sw. 
 ej ; hvarken , eller ; ej heller.
 
 35 
 
 Nead , neod, nyrl, need. sbt. 
 
 XXII, 9. neden, pi. Icel. 
 
 naudr. S\v. nod, brist, behof. 
 
 D. nod. 
 Neowe, neiiwe, newe, new, adj. 
 
 XXVI, 7, newe, pi. Icel. n\'r. 
 S\v. ny. D. ny. 
 
 0. 
 
 0(, of, -prll. I. 8 XVII, 13. Will, 3. 
 
 XXVII, 19- XXXI, 32. of; XVlll, 
 19. ef. Icel. at'. S%v. af. D. af. 
 
 Of-rffidan, [see raedan, vb.], (to oul- 
 cotinsel , to excel in counsel) , 
 XXXI, 37. ofieden, inf. pis. 
 Sw. rSda battre. 
 
 Of-ridan, [see ridan, vb.1, (lo ride 
 past), vb. XXXI, 36. ofriden, 
 inf. prs. Sw. lida forbi. 
 
 Oft, ofte, oft, often, prtl. XVIII, 
 
 8. XXVI, 16. ofte. Icel. opt. 
 Sw. old, oft, opta ; note, ofta. 
 D. ofte. 
 
 On, on, (of), prtl. I, 21, 22. VI, 
 
 9. XX, 3. 11. 12. 13. XXII, 
 
 10. XXXI, 4. 5 (?), 21. on; 
 XXXI, 27, one. Icel. a. Sw. 
 old, a; now, a, pa, i, uti. 
 D. aa, (old). 
 
 Ouder, awder, prtl.; ojjer, (adj.); 
 o|)er, or, prtl. XXXI, 11. oder. 
 Icel. edr. Sw. eller. 
 
 P. 
 
 Prut, prud, prout, proud, adj. I, 
 5. prude, pi. Isl. priic^r. Sw. 
 old, prud; now, praktig , stolt , 
 hog. D. pnid. 
 
 Raed, red, rede, (counsel, advice), 
 sbt. XXXI, 35, reides, pi. Icel. 
 rafl. Sw. old, raj); now, rSd. 
 D. raad. 
 
 Rcedan , raeden , reden . rede, {to 
 counsel], vb. XXII' 8. reden, inf. 
 prs. Icel. raiia. Sw. old, rat)a; 
 710 w, rada. D. raade. 
 
 Read, red, red, adj. VI, 7, rede, 
 scl. Icel. rau5r. Sw. o/d, roper ; 
 noiv, rod. D. rod. 
 
 Rei|)e, VI, 9. Mr. Kemble trans- 
 lates soil. The MS. of Line. 
 Coll. Oxf. has eorthe. 
 
 Ridan, riden, ride, \\>. XIII, 5. 
 rid, sgl. impr. Icel. ri'fla. Sw. 
 old, rijia; notv, rida. D. ride. 
 [In the phrase rid pe sinyende 
 the pronoun pe is reflective, as 
 is often the case after verbs of 
 motion. So in Swed. (jnnga sig], 
 
 ge-Runi, rum, roomy, adj. XXXI, 
 12. reme, sgl. Icel. riimr. Sw. 
 old, rumer; now, rymlig. D. 
 rum. 
 
 s. 
 
 Sadol-boga, [sadul, sadol, sadil, 
 sadel; boga , bowa , bowej , 
 saddle-bow. sbt. XIII, 4. sadil- 
 horve, sgl. Icel. soSulbogi. Sw. 
 sadelbSge. D. sadelbue. 
 
 SiE-llod, se-flod, (flood, flowing, 
 high ivater), sbt. XI, 3. seflod, 
 sgl. Icel. flod. Sw. old, floj); 
 now, flod. D. flod. 
 
 Sawan, sowe, sow, vb. VI, 6. sagin, 
 pi. prt. pass. Icel. sa. Sw. old 
 sa; now, sa. D. saa. 
 
 Sawul, sawol, sawl, sowl, soid, 
 sbt. XI, 12. saulle , sgl. Icel. 
 sal. Sw. old, sal; now, sjal. 
 D. sjael. 
 
 Scarned, E. ¥.. XIII, 13, he scorns, 
 he backbites. [In Old - English 
 we find only the subst. scearn. 
 The verb scearnian, seaman
 
 36 
 
 ni;\.\ have existed, lhoiiii;h it 
 is not used in the literature]. 
 Sw. hackla, tadla, liaktahi. 
 Sceal, shall, \b. MX, 16. 
 sal-tii, sgl. prs. ; WIX, 14. 
 salt, sgl. prs.; XI, 8. XXII, 
 8. XXIX, 6. 17. sell, si;l. prs.; 
 XXIX, 3. seal, sgl. prs.: 
 XXIX, 5. siilen, pi. prs.; I, 
 16. sulin, pi. prs.; XVIII, 18. 
 XXVII, 20. snden, pl. prs.; 
 XI, 6. sollen, pl. prs.; XI, 7. 
 XXXI, 6. sullen, pl. prs.; XVII, 
 10. sold, sgl. impf.; XVII, 12. 
 XVIII, 17. solde, sgl. impf.; 
 XXVI, 15. stdde, sgl. impf. Icel. 
 skal. Sw. skall. D. skal. 
 
 ge-Sceotan, sceoten, sceote, shoot, 
 vb. XXVI, 12. \-scuien, sgl. 
 prt. pass. Icel. skjota. Sw. 
 skjuta. D. skyde. 
 
 Schendful, E. E. shameful, {dis- 
 graceful], adj. XX, 8. [Wanting 
 in the MS., supplied by JMr. 
 Kemble]. Sw. skamlig, oliofvisk. 
 D. skaendig. 
 
 Scold, E. E., scold, sbt. XXVI, 3. 
 Sw. tratgirig qvinna. [This word 
 seems to be connected with the 
 Sw. vb. skalla; its Old-English 
 root, however, is not found]. 
 
 Scyne, scione, scene, schene, 
 sheen, beautiful, adj. XX, 7. 
 schene, sgl. Sw. skon. D. skon. 
 
 Scyte, scite, sheet, sbt. XX, 7, 
 schete, sgl. Sw. lakan. 
 
 Se, seo, })a!t; ]ie (pat), l)a (l)e), 
 |)aet (l)at); the, that, prn. & 
 def. art. 1, 8. 23. VI, 8. 9. 
 XI, 3. XIII, 6. XXVI, 10. 
 XXVII, 4. XXIX, 10. 11. 26. 
 XXXI, 8, 12, 36, l)e, sgl.; I, 24. 
 XIII, 15. XVIII, 13. XXIX, 11. 
 
 XXXI, 9. 29. \>ad, sgl.; XIII, 7. 
 XVII, 5. XIX, 3. XVIII, 5. 
 
 XXVI, 14. XXVII, 22. ])at, sgl.; 
 XXVlI,17,l)«t/,pl.; XVI1I,7. XIX, 
 13. \mt, pl.; XIX, 12. XVlll, 6. 
 
 XXVII, 16. l)e, pl.; XIII, 21. 
 XXXI, 25. l)er, sgl.; XXIX, 29. 
 j)e?j, sgl. Icel. sa, sii, (sja), t)at. 
 Sw. sa, \)c, ])x[. D. den, det. 
 
 Secgan , secgen , seien , sayen , 
 sai/, vb. \l]l,3. saij, sgl. impr. ; 
 Xlll,6. XXVI, 14. sail, sgl. prs.; 
 XIII, 11. sed, .sgl prs.; XVII, 4, 
 sai, sgl. prs. subj.; XXIX, 25. 
 saide, sgl. impf.; Xlll, 14. 16. 
 seien, inf. prs.; XVIII, 4. sige, 
 sgl. prs. subj.; XXXI, 26. sawin, 
 inf. prs. Icel. segja. Sw. old, 
 sa^ghia, sighia; now, saga. D. 
 sige. 
 
 Seiet, E. E., vb. XIX, 6. [I am 
 doubtful of the meaning of this 
 word, and neither Madden's glos- 
 sary to iiLayamon's Brut« , nor 
 Weber's "Metrical Romances" 
 lends any assistance in this 
 point. Mr. Kemble translates 
 seems.] 
 
 Seolf, sylf, silf, self, self, prn. 
 XVII, 16. seine, sgl.; XXVI, 
 17. XXVII, 5. se/u'e, sgl.; XXVII, 
 15. selwen, sgl.; XXXI, 31. sel- 
 uen, sgl.; XXIX, 20. selwen, pl. 
 Icel. sjalfr. Sw. old, sialver, 
 siaelver; now, sjelf. D. selv. 
 
 Seolfer, seolver, sylfer, silfer, sil- 
 ver , sbt. XI, 5. siluir; XI, 11. 
 siluer. Icel. silfr. Sw. old, 
 sylwer; tioto, silfver. D. selv. 
 
 Seon, i-sean, i-scn, i-see, see, vb. 
 XXXI, 22. sixst, sgl. prs.; XVII, 
 6. sege, sgl. impf. subj. Icel. sja. 
 Sw. old, sea; now, se. D. se.
 
 37 
 
 ge-vSeot, ge-set sett (?), seat, sbt. 
 XX\I, 24. sette, sgl. Sw. sate. 
 
 Sibbie , (related , kindred J. [In 
 Old-English we have no adj. sibb- 
 ide or sibbie, but only ge-sibb, 
 and ge - sibbian (vb.). The 
 Early-English sibbie may there- 
 fore be regarded either as the 
 contracted part. pass, (je-sibbode 
 (ge-sibbede), or perhaps as the 
 adj. ge-sibbe]. XVIIl, 8. sibbie 
 (men), pi. Icel. sifmenn. Sw. 
 sliigtingar. 
 
 Sittan, sitten, sit, vb. XXXI, 21. 
 
 silthest, sgl. prs. ; XIII, 4. seit, sgl. 
 
 inipr. ; XXXI, 30. sete, sgl impr. ; 
 
 I, 2. setin, pi. inipf. Icel. sitja. 
 
 Sw. old, sltia; tiow, sitta. D. 
 
 sidde. 
 Sona, sone, soon, prtl. XXVI, 12. 
 
 XXVI1,23. XXXI, 25.27. sone. 
 
 Sw. snart. 
 Sorh, sorhje, sorwe, sor- 
 
 row, sbt. XIII, 2. sorwe, sgl.; 
 
 XIII, 10. sorege, sgl.; XIII, 16. 
 
 sor, sgl. Icel. sorg. Sw. sorg. 
 
 D. sorg. 
 Sott, E. E. (sbt.), sot, {fool), XXVI, 
 
 12. sottis, sgl. Sw. Akre. [Pro- 
 
 baljly of Norman-French origin]. 
 Spaec, speche, spiche, speech, sbt. 
 
 XXXI, 5. speche, sgl.; XIX, 11. 
 
 spechen , pi. Icel. spekja. Sw. 
 
 sprak; tal. 
 Stan, ston, stone, sbt. VI, 14, ston. 
 
 sgl. Icel. sleinn. Sw. sten. D. 
 
 sten. 
 Standan, stonden, i-stonde, stand, 
 
 XXXI, 23. stonden, inf. prs. 
 
 Icel. standa. Sw. old, standa ; 
 
 now, stinda, stS. D. stande, 
 
 staa. 
 
 Stille, still, adj. XXVI, 1.5. sgl 
 
 Icel. istilla, vb.). Sw. stilla, tyst. 
 
 D. stille. 
 Straet, stret, street, sbt. XXXI, 11. 
 
 stretes, pi. Icel. slriBti. Sw. 
 
 (Ostg. Lag, straete), strat. 
 Strang, straeng, strong, adj. I, 18. 
 
 strong, sgl. Icel. strangr. Sw. 
 
 (Strang), stark, kraftfull. D. 
 
 (straeng). 
 Stund, stond, stound, (hoiir, time), 
 
 sbt. XX, 9. stondes, S'^l.; XXIX, 
 
 15. stunde, sgl. Icel. stund. Sw. 
 
 stund. D. stund. 
 Sunu, sune, sone, son, sbt. XXVII, 
 
 18. XXXI, 2. sone, sgl Icel. 
 
 sunr. Sw. old, sun; now, son. 
 
 D. son. 
 
 Swa, swo, so, prtl. I, 14. VI, 9. 
 
 XVII, 3. XVIII, 2, 3. 10. XIX. 8. 
 
 XX, 5. XXII, 15. XXIX, 22. 
 
 XXXI, 2. 3. so; XXVII, 8. XX, 
 
 10. XXIX, 25. swo. Icel. sva. 
 
 Sw. sk; s&som, liksom. D. 
 
 saa. 
 Swylc, swilc, swich, soch, such, 
 
 prn. XIII, 14. 16. swich, sgl. Sw. 
 
 shk, dylik. 
 Swy3, swid, (strong), adj. XVII, 
 
 15. swist, sgl. Icel. svidr, 
 
 svinnr. Sw. stark, skarp, obiindig. 
 Swyl)e, s\\\\)e, suijie, (very, much), 
 
 adv. I, 8. sui)^e; I, 18. XI, 2. 
 
 sivi^^e. Sw. mycket. 
 
 Syngan, singen, singe, sing, vb. 
 XIII, 5. singende, sgl. prt. act.; 
 XIX, 13. sinken, inf. prs. Icel. 
 syngva. Sw. old, singa; tiow, 
 sjunga. D. synge. 
 
 Syfifian, si36an, se6i^en, since, 
 prll. XXXI, 30. sei]^in. Icel. 
 sidan. Sw. sedan. D. siden. 
 
 *KlV79n
 
 38 
 
 T. 
 
 Taecan, tachen, teclie, teach, vb. 
 XXM, 29. tnite, inipf. sgl. Icel. 
 takna (?). S\v. iteckna) beteckna; 
 undervisa, lara. 
 
 Tain, lale sbl. \XV1,4. tales, pi. 
 Icel. tala. S\\. tal, piat, shuldor. 
 D. tale. 
 
 Tellan, tellen, lelliii, telle, tell, 
 vb. X\VI,-13. telle, Siil. prs. ; 
 XXVI, 7. telliri, inf. pis. Icel. 
 telja. Sw. talja, lortalja. I), taelle. 
 
 Tidinges, E. E., tidhujs, sbt. XXVI, 
 7. tidintjes. Icel. titVndi. Sw. 
 tidender; tidningar, undenattel- 
 ser. D. tidende [This substan- 
 tive, not found in Old -English, 
 may perhaps be derived from 
 the prt. prs. of the verb lidan, 
 to happen]. 
 
 To, 10, prtl. Xl, 2. 6. 7. XXII, 
 12. 13. XVII, 15. XXVI, 2. 3. 
 5. 7. 9. XXVII, 2. 4. 16. 18. 
 19. XXIX, 3. 5. 17. 21. XXXI, 
 25. Sw. till, till att, att; alltfor. 
 
 Treowian, trywian, tresten, trust, 
 vb. XXII, 10. tresten, inf. prs. 
 Icel. treysta. Sw. trosta pa, for- 
 trosta pS. 
 
 Treowdo, trywd, treojj, trujie, 
 truth, troth, sbt. XXII, 11. 
 trogpe, sgl. Icel. tru. Sw. 
 tro. D. tro. 
 
 Tun, toun, town, sbt. XXVII, 2. 
 tune, sgl. Icel. tun. Sw. (tun), 
 gSrd, by, stad. [This word is 
 found in several names of old 
 Swedish towns or villages, as in 
 Eskils^wna, S'lgtuna, Tunhem]. 
 
 Tunga, tunge, tonge (?), tongue. 
 sbt. XVII, 15. XXVI, 16. tunke, 
 
 sgl. Icel. tunga. Sw. tunga. 
 D. tunge. 
 
 u. 
 
 Un-cuJ), uncouth, [unknown), adj 
 XXVll. 3. unkr])e, pi. Icel. uku(^r, 
 vikunnr. Sw. okand , obekant, 
 oforutsedd [See cu\>]. 
 
 Under, under, prtl. X\, 7. under. 
 Icel undir. Sw under. D. under. 
 
 Un-mek, E. E. , [impatient), adj. 
 XXVII, 6, vnmeke, sgl. [In Old- 
 English the root of this adj. 
 was probably in existence, but 
 it is not found in the literature]. 
 Icel. limjiikr. Sw. (o-mjuk, 
 omildl, onSdig, straf, Strang, 
 arg, svirsint. 
 
 ge-Unnan, i-unnen, (to grant), yh. 
 XIII, 15. on, sgl. prs.; XXIX, 
 22. ginnid [may be an error 
 for gean-hit, gean-id]. Icel 
 unna. Sw. unna, tillSta. D. 
 unde. 
 
 Un-wurJ), {unworthy}, adj. VI, 3. 
 unwrd, sgl.; XX, 13 unwur^, 
 sgl. Icel. uverdr. Sw. ovardig. 
 D. uvserdig. 
 
 Up-ge-bredan, up-breiden, up-breid- 
 in, up-breyde, upbraid, vb. XVII, 
 12. upbreidin , inf. prs. Icel. 
 bregda. Sw. banna. D. bebreide. 
 
 Upp-an, upp-on, upon, upon, prtl. 
 XI, 3, up. Icel. upp a. Sw. 
 old, up a; now, uppa. D. paa. 
 
 Ure, oure, our, prn. I, 15. gure, 
 sgl.; XXIX, 6. |)(/re, sgl.; XXIX, 
 21. ure, sgl. Icel. varr. Sw. 
 old, var; now, \k\\ D. vor. 
 
 Ute, ut, out, prtl., XXVII, 22, ute. 
 Icel. uti. Sw. ute. D. ude.
 
 39 
 
 W. 
 
 Waer, war, wary, adj. I, 22. 
 
 XXXI, 5. war, sgl. Icel. vair. 
 
 Svv. old, war; now, varsam. D. 
 
 var. 
 Wealdan, wyldan, welden, welde, 
 
 wield, (to govern, 10 rule), vb. XVII, 
 
 17. XXVII, 5. welden, inf. prs. ; 
 XXVII, 11. XXIX, 8. weldest, 
 sgl. prs. Icel. valda. Sw. old, 
 valda; now, (vSlla); hafva i sitt 
 vSId; styra, behenska. regera. D. 
 (volde). 
 
 Weg, wei, waji , tvaij, sbt. XXXI, 
 12. weie, sgl.; XXXI, 11. iveis , 
 pi. Icel. vegr. Sw. oM, waegher; 
 now, vag. D. vej. 
 
 Wei, well, well, prtl. VI, 3. 10. 
 wele: 1,18,20. XIII, 9. 15. XVII, 
 16. XXVII, 6. XXIX, 27. XXXI, 
 28. wet; XJ, 13. XVIII, 14. XXII, 
 
 18. XXXI, 37- belere, comp. ; 
 XXII, 8. bet, comp. Icel. vel. Sw. 
 val; till fyllest. D. vel. 
 
 Wenan, wenen, wenian, i-wenen, 
 i-wene, wene, ween, [to fancy, 
 to imagines, vb. XIX, 3. wenin, 
 inf. prs.; XXIX, 23. wenen, 
 inf. prs.; XIX, 2. wenit, sgl. 
 prs. Icel. (vsena). Sw. old, 
 wana; now, tro , Iialla fore, 
 inbilla sig. 
 
 Weola, wiola, wcla, wael, weal, 
 (wealth), sbt. XIX, 8. XXVII, 11. 
 XXIX, 2. 10. wel\ie, sgl. Sw. 
 val, valgSng; makt, rikedoni, 
 gods. 
 
 Wcorc, wore, ivork , sbt. I. 20. 
 were, sgl.; I, 22. werke, sgl. 
 Icel. verk. Sw. verk. D. vaerk. 
 
 Weorcan,wyrcan,wurchen,weorche, 
 ■weorke, worft, vb. VI, 13, y-werche, 
 sgl. prs. subj.; XXIX, 18. 
 
 iinirche, sgl. prs. subj. Icel. yrkja. 
 
 Sw. (oM, yrkia), yrka; verka. D. 
 
 virke. 
 Weorold, woruld, woreld, world, 
 
 sbt. XXVII, 11. XXIX, 2. werl- 
 
 des, sgl.; XXIX, 28. werld, S2,l 
 
 Icel. verold. Sw. old, vseruld; 
 
 now, verld. D. verden. 
 Weord, weord, ivorth, (worthy), 
 
 adj. VI, 11. wr\tere, sgl. comp. 
 
 Icel. verdr. Sw. vard. D. vaerd. 
 Weorfian, worfian, wurfien, worth, 
 
 (to be, to become], vb. XI, 6. 
 
 wur\>en, inf. prs.; XXIX, 17. 
 
 i-wur\ien, inf. prs.; XXI\, 3. 
 
 ivu7\)ien, inf. prs.; XVII, 2. XVIII, 
 
 2. M)?xr})w, sgl. impr. ; XXXI, 28. 
 
 worlJe, prs. subj. sgl. XVIII, 11 
 
 wur\)en, pi. prs. subj. Icel. verda. 
 
 Sw. old, varlm; now, varda, 
 
 blifva. D. vorde. 
 WeorSian, wurdian , wur{)ien, i- 
 
 wurl)en, (to honor, to reward), 
 
 vb. XXIX, 24. wur\)en, inf. 
 
 prs. Icel. virda. Sw. vorda, 
 
 akta ; gifva akt pS. 
 Werge. XX, 12. [see Mearg]. 
 Wesan , (to be), vb. VI, 3. 14. XVII. 
 
 14. XIX, 15. XX, 2. 8. 10. 
 XXVI, 12. XXVII, 22. 23. XXIX, 
 27. 28. is, sgl. prs.; XX. 
 5. his, sgl. prs. I, 7. 12. 17. 
 19. 21. 23. 24. was, sgl. 
 impf.; VI, 10. XI, 13. XVIII, 
 
 15. XXII, 15. were, sgl. impf. 
 subj.; XI, 14. nere (ne were), 
 impf. sgl. subj. Icel. vesa (vera). 
 Sw. old, vsera; now, vara. D. 
 vaere. 
 
 NVif, wife, sbt. XVII, 4, wif, sgl. 
 1 Icel. vif. Sw. vif, hustru. D. 
 viv.
 
 40 
 
 Wirmaiiii, wiraiaii, wil'iium, wim- 
 mmi , wiinon , >Yiman , ivuniQn, 
 slit. Wll, 14. ior»(0», sgl. ; XX, 
 o, wiiuino7i, sgl. led. (kvenn- 
 mai'^r). Sw. vif, huslru. 
 
 Wig, wik, (6ar//(', siruygle), sbt. 
 \X,13. JOf'Ae, sgl. led. \ig. Sw. 
 [old, vigil), envig, stiid, kamp. 
 
 Willes, wille, [willingl!/), adv. XXIX, 
 19. wille. Sw. villigt. 
 
 Wis, wise, adj. 1, 8. VI, 15. XXIX, 
 
 27. XXXI, 4 wis, sgl.; XXVI, 
 10 XXIX, 2G- tvise, sgl.; 1, 
 23. wisisle, sgl. sup. Icel. vi'ss. 
 Sw. vis. D. vis. 
 
 Wisdom, wisdom, sbt. VI, 2. it'i's- 
 
 doin. led. visddmr. Sw. visdom. 
 
 D. visdom. 
 Wise, ivise, [manner, condition, 
 
 position), sbt. XllI, 7. wise, sgl. 
 
 led. vi'sa. Sw. vis, stallning, be- 
 
 lagenhet. D. vis. 
 Wit, Witt, wit, [iindevstanding'), 
 
 sbt. VI, 2. wid, sgl. Icel. vit. 
 
 Sw. o/d, vit; noio, vett, kunskap. 
 
 D. vid 
 
 Witaii, witen, witin, wite, iLwt, 
 wit, [to know), vb. XlII, 20. 
 wilin, inf. prs.; XVIII, 12. wot, 
 sgl. prs.; XVIII, 13. wiste, sgl. 
 impf. Icel. vita. Sw. old, vita; 
 now, veta, kunna, erfara. D. vide. 
 
 Wil), with, prtl. XllI, 19. XXXI, 
 
 28. wid. Icel. vid. Sw. vid, 
 med, mot. D. ved. 
 
 Wip-innan, wid-innen, wijjine, 
 within, prtl. XX, 4. wid-innen. 
 
 Sw. iiiuli, ini. 
 
 Wil)-utan, wil)-uton, wil)-utcn , 
 wil)-outen, wil)-oute, without, 
 prtl. VI , 2. widutin ; XX , 2. 
 widuten, Sw. utan; ute. 
 
 Wlanc, wlonc, [proud, stout), adj. 
 
 XX, 12. wlanc, sgl. Sw. stoll, 
 
 hog, priiktig. 
 Wod, wood, [mad, foolish), adj. 
 
 XVII, 3. XVlll, 2. wod, sgl. 
 
 Icel. 6()r. Sw. narraktig, oklok, 
 
 galen. 
 Word, word, sbt. I, 21. XVIII, 15. 
 
 XXXI, 4. tvord, sgl.; XXXI, 
 
 27. worde, sgl. XXVI, 9. 10. 
 
 word, pi.; XVII, 8. worde, pi. 
 
 Icel. ortV Sw. old, orj); no«J, 
 
 ord. D. ord. 
 Word-wod, word-mad, adj. XVII, 
 
 14. wordwod, sgl. Sw. triitgirig. 
 Wregean, wrcgan, [to accuse; to 
 
 exasperate], vb. XVII, 9. wrayed, 
 
 sgl. prt. pass. Icel. roegja. Sw. 
 
 anklaga, skymfa; uppreta, for- 
 
 tonia. 
 Wunian, wunien, wonien, wonie, 
 
 won, [to inhabite, to dwelt), vb. 
 
 XXIX, 11. tvonit, sgl. prs. Sw. 
 
 (hafva veiling); bo.bebo, bebygga. 
 Wylla, wlUa, wille, will, sbt. XVII, 5. 
 
 wille, sgl.; XXVI, 14. y-wille, 
 
 sgl. Icel. vili. Sw. old, vili ; now, 
 
 vilja, vilje, onskan. D. villie. 
 Wyllan, willan, i-wille, will, vb. 
 
 XXIX, 24. wile, sgl. prs. subj.; 
 
 XXXI, 26. welle, sgl. prs.; XIX, 
 
 17. wole, sgl. prs.; XIII, 17. 
 
 XVII, 16. ivolde, sgl. impf. Icel. 
 
 vilja. Sw. vilja. D. ville. 
 Wyrm, wurm, worm, sbt. XXIX, 
 
 3. wurmes, pi. Icel. ormr. Sw. 
 
 orm; krypdjur; mask. D. orm. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Yldo, ylde, elde , eld, [age), sbt. 
 
 XXVII, 2. elde. XXVII, 10. helde, 
 
 Icel. clli. Sw. aider, Slderdom. 
 D. aelde.
 
 41 
 
 Faer, per, there, (wherever), prtl. I, 
 7. XI\, 5. XXIX, 30. t>er. Icel. 
 })ar ({)er). Sw. oW, paer, per; 
 now, der. D. der. 
 })cjet, l)al, ?/(o/, prtl. XI, 14. XIII, 7. 8. 
 17. XVII, 4, 1-2. XVIII, 4, 11. XIX, 
 4. XXII, 4, 6, 19. XXVII, 5, 9. 
 XXIX, 24. l)a<(l)ad). Icel. (at). 
 Sw. att, &k att. D. at. 
 ge-|)anc, I)onc, {thought^ sbt. XVIII, 
 6- ]fonches, pi. Sw. tanke. D. 
 tanke. 
 Knne, jjonne, {)ann, pan, them, then, 
 prtl. XIII, 6. XVIII, 12. IG. 17. 18. 
 XXII, 16. XXVI, 15. XXVII, 21. 
 XXXI, 26. 30. \)amie; XXXI, 
 22, pen; XXII, 14. XXIX, 23. 
 XXXI, 6. 14. 37. penne. Icel. pa. 
 Sw. sa; da, nar. 
 |>eali, pah, poh, though, prtl. VI, 4. 
 paw; XVII, 16. pane; XVIII, 7. 
 pocA; XX, 8. pocA:e. Icel. pd. 
 Sw. fastiin, ehuru. 
 t>earfan, purl'an, (lo need), \h. XIX, 
 3, parf, sgl. prs. Icel. piiria. 
 Sw. old, porva; ?JOir, tarfva; be- 
 hofva. D. (tarv, sbt.). 
 t>eaw, peau, peue (Q, thew, (ca- 
 pacitij, power), sbt. XXII, 5. 
 peuues, pi; XXXI, 33. peues, 
 pi. Sw. «. tjenst. ^. makt, styrka, 
 kraft, (moral). 
 t>esnian, pegnan, peinen, penen; 
 (lo serve), vb. XXIi, 4. peine, 
 sgl.prs.subj. Icel. pjoiia. Sw.old, 
 piaena; now, tjena. D. tjene. 
 tencaii, penceii, pince, think, vb. 
 XIII, 21. penkel, sgl. prs. Icel. 
 pekkja. Sw. taiika. D. tajnke. 
 {>er-inne, per-ine, therein, prtl. 
 XXIX, 11. inne. Icel. par inni. 
 Sw. deriniie. D. deriiide. 
 
 tincg, ping, thing, sbt. I, 18. 
 
 ping, sgl.; XVII, 11. XIX, 12. 
 
 pinke pi. Icel. ping. Sw. old, 
 
 ping; notv, ting. D. ting. 
 I'll, poll, thou, prn. XI, 2. 4. XIII, 
 
 2. 3. 10. 14. 16. 17. 20 XVII, 
 
 4. 8. XVIII, 7. XIX, 10. 13. 
 
 XXII, 2. 4. 10. 14. XXVI, 2. 6. 
 
 9. XXVII, 9. 10. 12. 15. 16. 
 
 XXXI, 4. 8. 10. 21. 22. pu, sgl.; 
 
 XI, 2. XIII, 5. 8. 9. 12. 13. 15. 
 
 XVII, 6. 12. XVIII, 5. 14. XIX, 
 
 17. XXII, 6. 8. 10. 18. XXVII, 
 
 15. 17. XXXI, 3. 6. 20. 23. 24. 
 
 28. 29. pe, sgl. XVIII, 11. ge, pi. 
 
 Icel. pii. Sw. [old, pu), du. D. du. 
 Puru, purh, purgh, prugh, through, 
 
 prtl. XI, 11. puruch. Sw. ge- 
 
 nom, med. 
 
 Pus, thus, prt. VI, 1. XI, 1. XIII,1. 
 XVII, 1. XVIII, 1. XIX, 1 XX, 
 1. XXII, 1. XXVI, 1. XXVII, 1. 
 XXIX, 1. XXXI, 1, Pus. Sw.&h. 
 
 {•y, pe, the, (originally the abl. or 
 dat. of the prn. pe, but used as a 
 particle). VI, 11. XXII, 8. XXXI, 
 
 34. pe. Sw. desto, dess. 
 
 tyn, pin, pi, thine, (hi/, prn. XIII. 
 7, ti, sgl.; XIII, 11. ten, sgl.; 
 XIII, 16. XVII, .5. XVIII, 3. 4. 
 
 12. 13. XXII, 3 16. 17. XVII, 
 4. XVIII, 15. XXVII, 12. XXIX, 
 16. XXXI, 14. pi, sgl.; XVII, 7. 
 
 13. XXII, 9. XXVII, 13. pine, 
 pi.; XIII, 3. 4. 18. 19. 20. 21. 
 pin, sgl.; XIII, 8. XXXI, 5. 
 pine, sgl.; XXII, 5. pines, pi. 
 Icel. pinn. Sw. old, pin; now, 
 din. D. din. 
 
 tys, pis, this, prn. XXIX, 9, 28. 
 pis, sgl. Icel. pessi. Sw. old, 
 ptenni; now, denne. D. denne.
 
 \ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS IN THE GLOSSARY. 
 
 E. E., after a word, signifies that it is first found in 
 Early-English. 
 
 All New-English words are in Italics. 
 
 All Early-English words are also in Ita/ics, and their 
 place in the text is indicated by ciphers. 
 
 adj. signifies adjective. 
 
 comp. — comparative degree. 
 
 D. — Danish synonyme. 
 
 impf. — imperfect tense. 
 
 impr. — imperative mood. 
 
 inf. prs. — infinitive present. 
 
 Icel. — Icelandic synonyme. 
 
 pi. — plural number. 
 
 prtl. — particle. 
 
 prt. act. — participle active. 
 
 prt. pass. — participle passive. 
 
 prs. — present tense. 
 
 prn. — pronoun. 
 
 sbt. — substantive. 
 
 sgl. — singular number. 
 
 subj. — subjunctive mood. 
 
 Sw. — Swedish synonyme. 
 
 sup. — superlative degree. 
 
 vb. ~ verb.
 
 4;j 
 
 Declensions of Nouns-Substantive. 
 
 Old-English. Early-English. 
 
 Masc. Simple Order. Masc. Simple Order. 
 
 Sgl. n. — a. Sgl. n. — e. 
 
 g. — an. g. — en. 
 
 d. — an. d. — en (e). 
 
 ace. — an. ace. — en (e). 
 
 abl. — an. 
 
 PI. n. — an. PI. n. — en (e). 
 
 g. — ena. g. — ene (en). 
 
 d. — urn. d. — en. 
 
 ace. — an. ace. — en (e). 
 
 abl. — um. 
 
 Masc. Comple.x Order. I. Masc. Complex Order. I. 
 
 Sgl. D. — » (e). 
 
 g. — es. 
 
 d. — e. 
 
 ace. — „ (e). 
 
 abl. — e. 
 
 PI. n. — as. 
 
 g. — a. 
 
 d. — um. 
 
 ace. — as. 
 
 abl. — um. 
 
 Masc. Gompl. Order. II. Masc. Compl Order II. 
 
 Sgl. n. — u. 
 
 sgl. 
 
 n. 
 
 — 
 
 . (e). 
 
 
 
 g- 
 
 — 
 
 es. 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 — 
 
 e (en). 
 
 
 
 ace. 
 
 — 
 
 » e (en). 
 
 
 PI. 
 
 n. 
 
 — 
 
 es, (en, e). 
 
 
 — 
 
 g- 
 
 — 
 
 ene, en, e. 
 
 es. 
 
 — 
 
 d. 
 
 — 
 
 en (es). 
 
 
 
 ace. 
 
 — 
 
 es, (en, e). 
 
 
 g. — a. 
 
 d. — a. 
 
 ace. — u. 
 
 abl. — a. 
 
 difficult 
 to determine. 
 
 PI. n. — a. PI. n. — es (en), 
 
 g. — a (-ena) g. — 
 
 d. — um. d. — en (es). 
 
 ace. — a. ace. — es (en), 
 
 abl. - um.
 
 \ 
 
 44 
 
 Old-Eiigli»li. 
 
 Fern. Simple Order. 
 
 Sgl. n. 
 
 — 
 
 e. 
 
 S- 
 
 — 
 
 an. 
 
 d. 
 
 — 
 
 an. 
 
 ace. 
 
 — 
 
 an. 
 
 abl. 
 
 — 
 
 an. 
 
 PI. n. 
 
 — 
 
 an. 
 
 S- 
 
 — 
 
 ena. 
 
 d. 
 
 — 
 
 11 m. 
 
 ace. 
 
 — 
 
 an. 
 
 abl. 
 
 — 
 
 um. 
 
 Fern. 
 
 G in p 1 e 3 
 
 Sgl. n. 
 
 — 
 
 n 
 
 g- 
 
 — 
 
 e. 
 
 d. 
 
 — 
 
 e. 
 
 ace. 
 
 — 
 
 e. 
 
 abl. 
 
 — 
 
 e. 
 
 PI. n. 
 
 — 
 
 a. 
 
 g' 
 
 — 
 
 a. 
 
 d. 
 
 — 
 
 um. 
 
 ace. 
 
 — 
 
 a. 
 
 abl. 
 
 — 
 
 um. 
 
 Fern. 
 
 Com 
 
 plex 
 
 Sgl. n. 
 
 — 
 
 u. 
 
 g- 
 
 — 
 
 e. 
 
 d. 
 
 — 
 
 6. 
 
 ace. 
 
 — 
 
 e. 
 
 abl. 
 
 — 
 
 e. 
 
 PI. n. 
 
 — 
 
 a. 
 
 g- 
 
 — 
 
 ena. 
 
 d. 
 
 — 
 
 um. 
 
 ace. 
 
 — 
 
 a. 
 
 abl. 
 
 — 
 
 um. 
 
 Early-Eii^li^li. 
 
 Fem. Simple Order. 
 Sgl. n. — e. 
 g- — e. 
 d. — e (en), 
 ace. — e (en). 
 
 n 
 
 — 
 
 en (e) es 
 
 g- 
 
 — 
 
 ene 
 
 d. 
 
 — 
 
 en (e). 
 
 ace. 
 
 — 
 
 en (e) es 
 
 Fem Complex Order. 
 
 Sgl. 
 
 n. 
 
 — 
 
 »» 
 
 
 g- 
 
 — 
 
 e. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 — 
 
 e (en). 
 
 
 ace. 
 
 — 
 
 e. 
 
 PI. 
 
 n. 
 
 — 
 
 e (en) es 
 
 
 g- 
 
 — 
 
 ene. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 — 
 
 en (es). 
 
 
 ace. 
 
 — 
 
 e (en) es 
 
 Neuters. Simple Order. 
 
 Sgl. n. — e. 
 
 g. — an. 
 
 d. — an. 
 
 ace. — e. 
 
 abl. — an. 
 
 Neuters. Simple Order. 
 
 difficult 
 
 to 
 determine.
 
 45 
 
 01d-£iiirli!sh. 
 
 PI. n. — an. 
 
 g. — ena. 
 
 d. — um. 
 
 ace. — an. 
 
 abl. — um. 
 
 PI. 
 
 
 Early 
 
 -EugliHh. 
 
 n. 
 
 — 
 
 e, (n). 
 
 g- 
 
 — 
 
 (ene) en. 
 
 d. 
 
 — 
 
 en (enen) 
 
 ace 
 
 — 
 
 e, (n). 
 
 Neuters. Complex Order. I. Neuters. Complex Order. 
 
 Sgl. n. 
 
 — 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 g- 
 
 — 
 
 es. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 — 
 
 6. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ace. 
 
 — 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 abl. 
 
 — 
 
 e. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PI. n. 
 
 — 
 
 )) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 g- 
 
 — 
 
 a. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 — 
 
 um. 
 
 
 
 Sgl. 
 
 n. 
 
 — 
 
 n 
 
 ace. 
 
 — 
 
 »» 
 
 
 
 
 g- 
 
 — 
 
 es. 
 
 abl. 
 
 — 
 
 um. 
 
 
 
 
 d. 
 ace. 
 
 I 
 
 e. 
 
 „ (e, en). 
 
 Neuters. 
 
 Compl. Oi 
 
 der. 
 
 II. 
 
 PI. 
 
 n. 
 
 — 
 
 „ e, es. 
 
 Sgl. n. 
 
 — 
 
 ,, le). 
 
 
 
 
 g- 
 
 — 
 
 ene, en. 
 
 g- 
 
 — 
 
 es. 
 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 — 
 
 en, es. 
 
 d. 
 
 — 
 
 e. 
 
 
 
 
 ace. 
 
 — 
 
 „ e, es. 
 
 ace. 
 
 — 
 
 . (e). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 abl. 
 
 — 
 
 e. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PI. n. 
 
 ■— 
 
 u. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 g- 
 
 — 
 
 a (ena). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d. 
 
 — 
 
 um. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ace. 
 
 — 
 
 u. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ail. 
 
 — 
 
 um. 
 
 
 , 
 
 
 

 
 /
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 Los Angeles 
 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below.
 
 *y 
 
 AA 000 345 520 1 
 
 PR 
 
 2117 
 
 N59
 
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