
 
 <ril3DNVS01^ 
 
 "^AasAiNii-awv^ 
 
 
 ■< 
 O 
 
 ^'(yOJUVDJO"^ "^(I/OJIIV 
 
 C3 
 
 .^WEUNIVERy/A 
 
 <Q13DNVS01^ 
 
 ^lOSANCElfX^ 
 
 .^.OFCAIIFO% 
 
 "^/saaAiNn^wv %!ivaani^ 
 
 
 CO 
 =9 
 
 :^ 
 
 
 
 ^OFCAIIFO%. 
 
 
 -^llIBRARYQ<^ 
 
 ^OF-CAl!FO% 
 
 Cc: i 
 
 
 ^WEUNIVERi/A 
 
 <rji33NVsm^ 
 
 ,5.WEU[JIVER5/A 
 
 1^ '=^?; 
 
 ^ 
 
 g 
 
 <rii30NVS01^ 
 
 U- 
 
 3 
 
 T>i 1 
 
 ^lOSAK'C 
 
 ^WEUNIVERJ/A 
 
 ^lOSANCElfjv. 
 
 . .. , oa 
 
 ^tUBRARYQc 
 
 -^IIIBRA 
 
 ^HDNVSOl^ %il3AlNI1-3WV^ %0JnV3-JO^ 
 
 %ojn\ 
 
 C5 
 
 .^ 
 
 09 
 
 SO 
 
 oa - — 
 
 ^lOSANCElfx^ 
 
 O^HONVSOl^ "^/^aMINd-lVlV 
 
 ^tUBRARYO^^ 5^tllBRARY0^ 
 
 i? 
 
 .^;OFCAl!FO% 
 
 ^.OFCAl; 
 
 "^^AbvaaiH^ 
 
 ^5,WEUNIVER%_ 

 
 o 
 
 -^P^ ^g 
 
 
 
 ^^WEl)NIVER% ^vVOSANCElfj^^ ^OfCALIFOM^ ^^-OFCAllFOff^j. 
 
 
 '<rji3DNVS0i^'^ '^/5i)3AiNii-3WV^ ^<?Aavaan-i^ "^^AHvaaiH^ 
 
 -^lllBRARYG^ 
 
 %ojnv3JO'^ 
 
 <>^H1BRARYQa 
 
 so 
 
 ^\WEUKIVER% 
 '^i'JlJDNVSOl^ 
 
 ^vWSANCElfX^ 
 
 oa 
 
 > 
 so 
 
 %a3AINrt3\\V^ 
 
 .^.OF•CAllF0% 
 
 OS 
 
 C-3 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
 %avaani^ ^oAbvaan-^ 
 
 .^WEUNIVER5/A 
 
 ^lOSANCElfj-^ 
 
 o 
 
 "^/sa^AiNn-awv 
 
 .^WEUNIVERJ/A 
 
 % 
 
 A):lOSANCElfx> 
 
 o 
 
 ?3 
 
 '^TilJDNVSm^ 
 
 .^WEUN1VER%. 
 
 an - 
 
 •^^^ 
 
 O 
 
 ^TJiaDNVSOl^ 
 
 %a3AINa3WV^ 
 
 ^lOS-ANCElfj^. 
 
 5 
 
 ■^/sa^AiNnmv^ 
 
 ^tl!BRARY<?/- 
 
 ^.^OJIIVDJO'^ 
 
 ^OFCAllFOff;!^ 
 
 %ava8iH^ 
 
 -5^HIBRARYQc>, 
 
 ^OFCAIIFO/?;^ 
 
 "^^AHvaaiH^ 
 
 
 ^IIIBRARY(9a ^HIBRARYO^ ^5i\EUNIVER% a>:10SAKCEI^^
 
 THE 
 
 PPIILIPPICS 
 
 OF 
 
 demosthe:^es 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 FRANK BIGELOW TARBELL 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 
 
 ', ' 1 J ■••• •••• »>, »• 
 
 » » ■* , *» » o . ■• 
 
 GINN AND COMPANY 
 
 BOSTON • NEW YORK ■ CHICAGO • LONDON 
 ATLANTA • DALLAS • COLUMBUS • SAN FRANCISCO 
 
 

 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1880, by 
 
 FRANK B. TARBELL 
 in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington 
 
 916.5 
 
 GINN AND COMPANY- I'RO- 
 PRIETORS • BOSTON • U.S.A.
 
 !^^ PEEFACE. 
 
 i CO 
 
 n^HE present edition of the Philippic Orations of 
 ^ Demosthenes aims to meet the wants of the 
 
 ^ American student. The text is that of the Ziirich 
 »^do edition (in Baiter and Saiippe's Oratores Attici)^ from 
 which, except in matters of orthography and punctua- 
 tion not affecting the sense, only 'a single departure 
 has been admitted ; to this, wliieh occurs in Phil. II, 
 "^^ 12, attention is called in the Notes. The Introduc- 
 tion follows in its main features, and occasionally in 
 its phraseology, the Introduction given by Rehdantz, 
 in his edition of the Philippics ; for the most part, 
 however, it has been re-written, in especial reliance 
 upon Schaefer's Demosthenes und seine Zeit. The liis- 
 torical portions are designed to furnish the student 
 who is already familiar with the outlines of Greek 
 History with such additional information as will 
 enable him to understand the historical allusions in 
 the accompanying orations. Sections 61-2, based upon 
 Blass's Attische Beredtsamkeit, Bd. Ill, call attention to 
 certain pomts which are not brought out in ordinary 
 accounts of Demosthenes. Anything in the way of 
 a general sketch of Greek oratory, or of a special
 
 IV PREFACE. 
 
 characterization of Demosthenes, seems unnecessary 
 in a work like the present, in view of the accessi- 
 bility of Jebb's Primer of Greek Literature. In the 
 preparation of the Notes, the freest use has been made 
 of all available helps, especially the annotations of 
 Sauppe, Franke, Westermann, Rehdantz, and Heslop. 
 The Analyses are, in the main, taken from Blass's 
 Attisehe Beredtsamkeit. 
 
 The Editor will be grateful for suggestions or correc- 
 tions of any sort. 
 
 FRANK B. TARBELL. 
 
 New Haven, Conn., May, 1880. 
 
 The references in the Notes to lexicon and grammars have 
 been changed so as to conform to the latest editions ; a few 
 other corrections have been introduced. 
 
 F. B. TARBELL. 
 
 Chicago, III., November, 1899.
 
 INTRODUCTION.
 
 II^TRODUOTIO]^. 
 
 The Spartan Hegemony. 
 
 THE Athenian Hegemony, established in 477-476 B.C., 
 and upheld and strengthened until the outbreak of the 
 Peloponnesian War in 431, had, at the conclusion of that war 
 in 404, fallen to pieces (ix. 23). The long struggle with 
 Sparta had reduced Athens to abject weakness. Without 
 allies, without ships, without Long Walls, her treasury and 
 her citizens impoverished, Athens became for several years a 
 cipher in the general politics of Greece. Sparta, on the other 
 hand, now entered on a career of su]5remacy. Her control 
 over the coasts and islands of the ^gean was secured by 
 overthrowing the existing governments of the cities, and cre- 
 ating in each an oligarchy of ten citizens, called a dekarchy 
 or dekadarchj', subservient to the Spartan policy, and sup- 
 ported b}' a Spartan harmost and garrison. With these tools 
 at her disposal, Sparta exercised over the Greek world an op- 
 pression which was soon felt to be intolerable. 
 
 Effective resistance to this oppression began at Thebes. 
 In 395 this state became involved in hostilities with Sparta, 
 and Athens, now somewhat revived, was easily induced 
 to join the struggle against her hated conqueror. At the 
 instance of the Thebans she sent into BcEOtia a force of 
 hoplites and cavahy, which, to be sure, arrived at Haliartus 
 just after the Thebans had won a decided victory over one 
 Spartan arm}', but which did material servdce to the cause 
 by completing the discouragement of the remaining Spartan 
 troops, and so causing theh' hasty retreat into the Pelox)onne-
 
 Viii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 sus (iv. 17). Encouraged by the success of these eiforts, 
 Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos now combined against 
 Sparta in a war, which, from being carried on mainly in Co- 
 rinthian territory, was called the Corinthian War. Of the 
 Athenian generals who figured in this contest, Polystratus, 
 Iphikrates, Chabrias, and others, Iphikrates was the most 
 prominent, distinguishing himself by the state of efficiency to 
 which he brought his arm}' of Athenians and mercenaries, and 
 especiall}^ b}' his exploit, long remembered by the Athenians 
 with extreme pride, of annihilating a Spartan mora, or divi- 
 sion of 600 men, at Lechffium (iv. 23-4) . 
 
 3 The Corinthian "War dragged along indecisively for several 
 3'ears, until, in 387, the Spartan Antalkidas succeeded in in- 
 ducing the King of Persia to impose peace upon the Greek 
 world. The Peace of Antalkidas nominally secured auton- 
 om}' to every Greek State, except that the islands of Lemnos, 
 Imbros, and Sk^Tos, which had been acquired b^* Athens about 
 a century before, were suffered to remain as portions of Athe- 
 nian territory (iv. 27, 32, 34) ; but actually the Spartans, 
 who were entrusted with the execution of the terms of the 
 Peace, made use of it to maintain their own ascendenc3^ 
 Their despotic hold upon the Greek cities was not relaxed un- 
 til, in 379, the expulsion by the Thebans of the Spartan gar- 
 rison which had for three years occupied their citadel, gave the 
 
 4 sigrnal for a general revolt. Athens at once exerted herself 
 to establish a new maritime confederacy, having for its object 
 resistance to the hated oppression of Sparta. She renounced 
 all interference with the domestic affairs of her allies, even 
 promising that her citizens should not be permitted to acquire 
 property in the territory of any member of the confederation ; 
 the allies were all to stand on an equal footing, and their com- 
 mon interests to be cared for b}' a Federal Diet sitting in Ath- 
 ens ; finally, the pecuniar}^ contributions needed were fixed at 
 a moderate figure, and called by a new name, — syntaxis in- 
 stead of phoros, — in order to avoid the associations which had
 
 INTRODUCTION. IX 
 
 gathered around the latter word in the Confederacj' of Delos. 
 Founded on these just and mutually satisfactory terms, the 
 new confederacy came, by the year 373, to number upwards of 
 seventy cities, chiefly on the coasts and islands of the ^gean, 
 ])ut including also Thebes. The strength of the league was 
 turned against Sparta in the so-called Boeotian War, and the 
 naval victory of Naxos, won by the Athenian commander, 
 Chabrias, over the Spartans in 376, may be regarded as mark- 
 ing the downfall of the Spartan Hegemony (ix. 23). It was, 
 however, reserved for the Thebans, now dissociated from the 
 Athenian confederacy, to inflict upon the Spartans at Leuktra, 
 in 371, that crushing defeat Avhich reduced them thenceforth 
 to the third place among the states of Greece. 
 
 Greece at Philip's Accession. 
 
 In Boeotia, the Peace of Antalkidas, so long as it was ob- 5 
 served, had maintained the several communities in independ- 
 ence of one another, but within a few years after the uprising 
 in 379, Thebes had succeeded, by dint of destroying cities 
 hostile to herself, as Platsea and Thespiae, in uniting the 
 whole district under her own headship. The victory at Leuk- 
 tra raised this unified Boeotia to the rank of a widely influen- 
 tial state (ix. 23). Under the guidance of the great general 
 and statesman Epaminondas, the Thebans extended their 
 authority over the adjacent districts, — Phokis, Lokris, Malis, 
 Euboea, most of Thessaly, etc. They even pushed their in- 
 fluence into the Peloponnesus. Here the Arcadians, who had 
 long been submissive allies of Sparta, were organized into an 
 anti-Spartan confederacy', dependent upon Thebes. Messenia 
 was torn from Laconia, and made an independent state. 
 Other Peloponnesian states made common cause with Thebes. 
 And though with the death of Epannnondas, in 362, Thebes 
 declined in influence, she remained without dispute the strong- 
 est continental power in Greece.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Athens, too, maintained and extended her maritime power 
 between 371 and 357. Duiing this period Samos was suc- 
 cessfully besieged, treated as an Athenian possession, and 
 occupied bj' Athenian kleruchs ; the region round the Ther- 
 maic Gulf, including the important towns of Pydna, Potidjea, 
 and Methone, was captured (iv. 4), and to Potid^ea Athenian 
 kleruchs were sent (vi. 20) ; and other acquisitions were 
 made. And, in 357, when some of the Euboean cities (see 
 § 5) got into difficulties with Thebes, and applied to Athens 
 for help, the Athenians, with a promptitude and energy rare 
 for that generation, sent thither a force which rescued the 
 threatened cities, and brought the whole island under Atlienian 
 control (iv. 17). 
 
 But though, at the moment of Philip's accession, Athens 
 presented an outward show of pi'osperity and power, events 
 soon showed that she was unfit to grapple with a strong and 
 determined enemy. In comparison with the Age of Pericles, 
 the Age of Demosthenes was an age of decline in political 
 wisdom and pi'udence, in patriotism, in \'igor, — a decline 
 not peculiar to Athens among tlie states of Greece, but most 
 strilving there, because of the gi'eater prominence of the city 
 and the greater things expected of her. Thus, whereas in the 
 fifth century, B.C., the Athenians had been forward to risk 
 their lives in militar}^ ser\ace, in the fourth century the}' were 
 extremely reluctant to undergo its hardships, and put forth its 
 efforts. Hence the employment of mercenaries (^cVoi) be- 
 came more and more common. "There arose (as in the four- 
 teenth and fifteenth centui'ies in modern Europe) Condottieri 
 like Charidemus and others, — generals having mercenary 
 bands under their command, and hiring themselves out to 
 any prince or potentate who would employ and pay them. 
 Of these anned rovers, — poor, brave, desperate, and held by 
 no civic ties, — Isocrates makes repeated complaint, as one 
 of the most serious misfortunes of Greece." (Grote, Hist. 
 Greece, vol. xi., p. 393.) And whereas at the beginning of
 
 INTRODUCTION. 3a 
 
 the century the mercenaries employed by Athenf? in the Co- 
 rinthian War had been only an adjunct to the citizen force 
 (see § 2), it had become common by the middle of the cen- 
 tury to entrust military exi^editions entirely to mercenaries , 
 (iv. 24), while the citizens remained at home. Even the i 
 generals and other army-officers shared the prevailing aver- 
 sion to taking the field, and all but one of the number 
 habitually staid in Athens, content with figuring there in 
 festival-day processions (iv. 26). 
 
 Not only, however, were the military undertakings of Ath- 8 
 ens entrusted to mercenaries, but these mercenaries were only i 
 irregularly and insufficiently paid. As the Thedric Fund 
 (see § 51) absorbed all the money of the pubhc treasury not 
 needed for other peace expenses, and as the Athenians were 
 unwilling to relinquish or reduce this Fund, the necessary 
 means for paying an army could be raised only by the un- 
 popular method of a direct property-tax. To this method 
 they were slow to resort ; and the general in command, not 
 recei^dng from Athens the wages-money due and promised to 
 his soldiers, might neglect the object for which he had been 
 sent out, and cruise about the iEgean, forcing contributions 
 from helpless aUies (iv. 24, 45); or he might even enter tem- 
 porarily into the service of some foreign power which promised 
 to reward him well ; as, in the midst of the Social War (see 
 § 10), the Athenian general Chares, without authorization 
 from home, entered into the service of Artabazos, the re- 
 volted satrap of Daskyhum (iv. 24) . It is no great wonder 
 that, in such a state of things as this, the generals came to 
 feel estranged from their city, or that, on the other hand, 
 politicians at home, ignorant of military affahs, brought 
 frequent and often wholly undeserved charges of high treason 
 against the generals (iv. 47) . 
 
 It would, indeed, be a mistake to represent the Athens 9 
 of the Age of Demosthenes as making only small sacrifices in 
 war. Her total outlay in men and money was great. But :y''
 
 Xii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 her efforts were fitful, tardy, inefficient. Again and again, 
 owing to lack of previous preparation and of proper energy, 
 \ costly expeditions arrived at their destinations too late to do 
 ' any thing (see §§17, 18, 21). And it was only in exceptional 
 crises (see §§ 6, 22) that the Athenians could throw off their 
 apathy and act in a manner worthy of their forefathers. 
 
 The Social War. 
 
 10 The Athenian confederacy became in twenty years un- 
 popular, for Athens did not long maintain the spirit of justice 
 in which she had organized that league. Her aUies became 
 alarmed at her self-aggrandizing schemes, exhibited in the 
 acquisition of territory for her private advantage (see § 6), 
 and they became indignant at the treatment which they re- 
 ceived from her generals (see § 8). On these grounds all 
 the larger members of the confederacy except Euboea and 
 
 , Lesbos, viz., Chios, Kos, Rhodes, and Byzantium, revolted 
 in 357. Thus began the Social War, in which Athens made 
 feeble efforts to bring back the seceding states, and which 
 ended in 355 with the recognition of their independence. 
 Not only, therefore, was the attention of Athens partly di- 
 verted from Philip during the first years of his aggressions, 
 but the public treasury was reduced by the loss of a consid- 
 erable part of the contributions from allies. Thus doubly 
 did the Social War favor the cause of Macedon. 
 
 Progress of Philip from 359 to 351. 
 
 11 Down to the tune of Philip, Macedonia was a state of 
 small political importance. The mass of its people, though 
 seemingly of a race akin to the Greeks, had had throughout 
 the historic period no community of development with the 
 Greeks. Rude and fierce, they were accounted barbarians by 
 tne Greeks, and despised accordingly. Not so the Macedo*
 
 INTRODUCTION. XIU 
 
 nian kings. These, according to a generally accredited tra- 
 dition, were genuine Hellenes. It was believed, and perhaps 
 it was true, that in pre-historic times, say in the eighth cen- 
 tury, B.C., an Argive famil}' had settled in Macedonia, and 
 acquired sovereignty there ; and that from this family the 
 subsequent line of kings was descended. 
 
 These kings gi-adually extended their frontiers, and some 12 
 of them made eftbrts to introduce Greek culture ; but, until 
 the time of Philip, they did not succeed in building up a strong 
 nation. The country was a prey to intestine feuds, especially 
 on the occasion of the death of a king ; for, in the absence 
 of any recognized law of royal succession, such an occasion 
 was the signal for bloody struggles between the several claim- 
 ants to the throne. So it was at the death of Perdikkas III, 13 
 in 359. Among the various competitors at the time, one was 
 PerdOvkas's brother Philip, then in the twenty-third year of 
 his age. He had spent some years at Thebes as a hostage, 
 where he had had opportunity to familiarize himself with 
 Gi'eek culture, and to study the arts of government and war. • 
 During the last few years of his brother's reign he had held 
 vice-regal command over a province of the kingdom, and had 
 thus acquired a military force of some importance. On the 
 throne's becoming vacant, he promptly asserted his claims, 
 and, by virtue of his superior sagacity and vigor, rapidly dis- 
 posed of his rivals. Once fairly established at home, he pro- 
 ceeded to deal with the Pagonian and Illp'ian tribes that 
 harassed his northern and north-western borders. The Pae- 
 onians were reduced to a state of quiescence and submission, 
 and the Ulyrians, who had pushed into north-western Mace- 
 donia in considerable numbers, were driven back bej'ond Mt. 
 Pindus. 
 
 Macedonia was still without a seaboard. The cities about 14 
 
 — '1 
 
 the Thermaic Gulf owned allegiance to Athens (see § 6).' 
 
 The Chalkidian peninsula was dotted with upwards of thirty 
 
 Greek cities, now united into a confederacy of which Ol^nthus
 
 Xiv INTRODUCTION. 
 
 was the head. Farther east, near the mouth of the river 
 Str^Tiion, stood the city of Amphipolis, which, founded by the 
 Athenians in 437, and prized as an invaluable possession on 
 account of its commanding position and rapidly acquired 
 strength, had been lost to them twelve years later, and, spite 
 of constant hopes and repeated efforts, never recovered. 
 Athens, then, the Olj-nthian confederacy, and Amphipolis 
 shut Philip in from the sea. 
 
 15" It was in connection with Amphipolis that the -trick}' and 
 -ambitious polic}A of Philip first became manifest. At the out- 
 set of his reign, in making overtures to the Athenians for an 
 alliance, he renounced all pretensions to the possession of 
 that city, to which, however, after ha\ang secured his northern 
 and western frontiers, he laid siege, in 357. The Amphipoli- 
 tans then sent envoj's to Athens to implore aid. Compliance 
 with this suit would, in all probability, have enabled Athens, 
 with little effort and in the most amicable wa}', to regain her 
 much-coveted colony. But simultaneously with the envoys 
 came a letter from Philip, in which he recognized the justice 
 of the Athenian claims to Amphipolis, and promised to 
 surrender it to Athens on its capture. These delusive assur- 
 ances were listened to. Philip prosecuted the siege unhin- 
 dered, and effected the reduction of the place in the same 
 year, partly through the aid of traitors within the walls. 
 Thus he acquired a town of gi-eat value as a seaport, as com- 
 manding the pass over the lower Str^nnon into Thrace, and 
 as opening the way to the rich gold and silver mines of Mt. 
 Pangseum. To relinquish to Athens a position of such im- 
 portance was far from being in Philip's plans. 
 
 16 The fate of Amphipolis alarmed the neighboring 01}Tithians, 
 wl!b, during or immediately after the siege just mentioned, 
 sent envoj^s to Athens to conclude an alliance against PhUip. 
 Such an alliance might have proved the salvation of Greece, 
 but the Athenians rejected it. They were still disposed to 
 maintain friendly relations with Philip, and secret negotia-
 
 INTRODUCTION. XV 
 
 tions were now on foot, looking to the exchange of Aniphipolis 
 for Pydna. Instead, however, of making this exchange, Philip 
 proceeded to take P3-dna, in 357, b}- force of arms. Here, 
 as at Amphipolis, he had the co-operation of a party of trai- 
 tors, who threw open to him then- gates. From this time 
 until 346 Athens and King Philip were in a state of mutual 
 hostiUty. 
 
 The Olynthians ha-sdng been repulsed b}' Athens in their 17 
 offer of alliance, Philip found it possible and convenient to 
 secure for a time then* friendship. This he piu'chased b}^ the 
 cession of Anthemus (vi. 20), whose position made it a de- 
 sirable member of the Ol^nthian confederac}' ; and also by 
 promising to recover for them the neighboring town of Poti- 
 daea, which had been taken from them a few j'ears before by 
 Athens (see § 6) . This promise was promptly made good. 
 Potidsea was attacked in 356, and though the Athenians sent 
 aid, it aiTived too late (iv. 35) o The Athenian kleruchs in 
 the place were allowed to return to Athens ; the other inhabi- 
 tants were sold into slaver}^ ; the city was destro^'ed, and its 
 teiTitory incorporated with that of Ol3nthus (vi. 20). 
 
 During the following two years or so, Philip's activity was 18 
 mainl}' spent in successful sti'uggles with the Thracians, Pae- 
 onians, and IlhTians, among the last named of whom he is 
 said to have founded strongholds for his own use (iv. 48) . 
 But in 353 he attacked Methone, the last remaining posses- 
 sion of Athens on the Thermaic Gulf. Again, as in the case 
 of Potidaea, the armament sent out by the Athenians aiTived 
 too late (iv. 35), With the captm-e of Methone, Philip had 
 excluded Athens forever from the Macedonian coast. With 
 the exception of the Chalkidian peninsula, the whole country 
 from Mt. Ol^Tnpus to the river Nestus was now under Mace- 
 donian rule, and the king was ready for aggressive interfer- 
 ence in the midst of Greece itself. 
 
 An opportunity soon presented itself. The 3'ear 355, which 19 
 had witnessed the conclusion of the Social War, had Avitnessed
 
 XVI INTRODUCTION. 
 
 the outbreak in Greece of another intestine feud, the so-called 
 (Second) Sacred War. The parties to the Sacred War were, 
 on the one hand, Phokis, which, since the battle of Leuktra, 
 had been pa3ing unwilling aUegiance to Thebes (see § 5) , and 
 on the other, Thebes, with the remainder of her allies. The 
 Phokians secured the nominal alliance of Athens and Sparta, 
 but the}' received little material aid from abroad. Their main 
 strength came from the temple of Delphi, whose vast treasures 
 the}^ appropriated, at first with the intention of making ulti- 
 mate restitution, but afterwards as unblushing spoilers. This 
 wealth enabled them to collect a mercenary force formidable 
 enough to give them the advantage over their enemies. In 
 353 they occupied Thermop3lae, a strategic position of im- 
 mense unportance, as the sole and impregnable pass between 
 
 20 Northern and Central Greece. They even extended their in- 
 fluence into Thessaly. Here the two joint tyrants of Pherae 
 were struggling, like their predecessors for fifty years back, to 
 gain undisputed mastery over all Thessaly. With these t}'- 
 rants the Phokians allied themselves, while the anti-Phera?an 
 party called in the assistance of Philip. At first the Pho- 
 kians proved more than a match for the king, defeating him 
 in 353 in two battles ; but on his return in the spring of 352 
 they were themselves overwhelmingly defeated, and lost all 
 footing in Thessaly. The t3Tant3 of Pherae had to fl}' from 
 
 21 before Philip (vi. 22). Pagasse, the port of Pherae, on the 
 Pagasaean Gulf, was then besieged by him. The siege was 
 long enough to admit of sending to Athens for aid, and an ex- 
 pedition for the purpose was actually' despatched by Athens, 
 but was once again too late (iv. 35). Philip appropriated 
 this valuable harbor, as also the district of Magnesia, and be- 
 came, in fact, virtual master of all Thessaly. The famous 
 Thessalian cavalry was now at his service ; his revenues were 
 augmented by Thessalian customs duties ; and the possession 
 of another seaport with its shipping greatty increased his ca- 
 pacity for doing mischief on sea. It is now that we begin to
 
 INTRODUCTION. ivii 
 
 hear of his cruisers as plundering the commerce of the Athe- 
 nian allies, and as committing depredations at Lcmnos and 
 Imbros, at Gerajstus, and even at Marathon itself (i\\ 3-1). 
 Worst of all, his proximity to Euboea made it convenient for 
 him to foment b}'' written communications dissatisfaction iu 
 that island (iv. 37). 
 
 After securing his position in Thessal}-, Philip marched 22 
 towards Thermop3l;i3, which was still held by the Phokians. 
 This was a movement most threatening to Athens, and the 
 Athenians wei-e not insensiljle to their danger. With a 
 promptitude worthy of their best daj's, they despatched by 
 sea a force, chiefly or wholly citizens, which put the pass in 
 such a state of defense that Philip thought it prudent to retire 
 (iv. 17). For the present, Thermop3lae remained the safe- 
 guard of Central Greece. 
 
 Repulsed iu this quarter, Philip suddenly appeared, in the 23 
 autumn of the same 3'ear (352) , in the neighborhood of the 
 Thracian Chersonese, an Athenian possession of great value. 
 He allied himself with Perinthus and Byzantium (ix. 34), 
 gained influence among the Thracian tribes, and laid siege to 
 Herffion Teichos, near the Chersonese. In alarm for the 
 safety of the peninsula, the Athenians voted to raise sixty 
 talents of mone}', and to despatch at once forty triremes, 
 manned with Athenian citizens (iv. 41) . But Philip presently 
 fell sick, and rumors of this, and even of his death (iv. 11), 
 arriving at Athens before the expedition could be got under 
 way, the Athenians subsided into inactivity. Such was the 
 state of aftairs when, in the spring of 351, Demosthenes de- 
 livered his First Phihppic. 
 
 Life of Demosthenes from 383 to 351. 
 
 The story of Demosthenes's early life is a stor}^ of wrongs 24 
 suffered and avenged. Born in 383, the son of a wealth}' 
 manufacturer, named also Demosthenes, the future orator be-
 
 XViii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 came an orj^lian at the age of seven. The elder Demosthenes 
 left behind hun a propertj', large for those tunes, of about 
 fourteen talents, the bulk of which was entrusted to three 
 guardians for his son. But instead of doubling this property 
 b}- careful management, as the}' might well have done, the 
 guardians, in spite of protestations and appeals, criminally 
 squandered it, so that, on becoming of age at the beginning 
 of his eighteenth 3'ear, the son and heir received little more 
 than a talent of his inheritance. Shy in manners, and far 
 from robust in health, the young Demosthenes was animated 
 by an intense sense of his wrongs, and with unbounded energy 
 and perseverance sought to redress them. Having fitted him- 
 self for his task by a course of instmctioji under Isaeus,^ the 
 most eminent lawyer of his day, he spent more than fivejfears 
 — such were the opportunities for shifts and evasions afforded 
 to rogues b}^ the Attic courts — in prosecuting the guardians ; 
 and thousrh he seems never to have recovered more than a 
 small part of the money which was his due, he succeeded in 
 aljundantly vindicating the justice of his cause. 
 25 This experience left a lasting impress upon his life, not only 
 by intensifying his hatred of wi'ong and desire to right it, but 
 also by determining the career upon which he should enter. 
 He became a logographos, or composer of speeches for the 
 use of litigants in the dikasteries. And though this profes- 
 sion had been brought into disrepute by the unscrupulousness 
 of many who followed it, there is nothing to show that it ever 
 induced Demosthenes to stoop to any thing dishonorable. At 
 first he devoted himself to civil cases only, but in a few years 
 he began to take up public cases, or cases conducted in the 
 interest of the state. These introduced him into the field of 
 politics. Four speeches in public suits, viz., those Against 
 Androtion, Against Leptines, Against Timokrates, and 
 Against Aristokrates, of which only the one Against Lep- 
 tines was delivered by the author himself, belong to the 
 years 355-352.
 
 INTRODUCTION. XIX 
 
 During this period Demosthenes also made his appearance 26 
 as a parliamentary orator. He addressed the ecclesia for 
 the fii'st time in 354, in an oration On the Symmories, and 
 again in 353, in an oration For the Megalopolitans. The 
 First Philippic probably belongs to the spring of the year 
 351. There was at the time no special emergency tfLbejnet, 
 but the general subject of the war with Macedonia coming up 
 for discussion, as it had often done before, Demosthenes came 
 forward to advise the adoption of measures more efficient than 
 those which had been previously employed. His main recom- 
 mendation was that a standing force, consisting not of mer- 
 cenaries only, but of mercenaries and citizens, should be 
 organized and kept in the neighborhood of the Macedonian 
 coast, for the purpose of harassing Philip. This recommen- 
 dation he urged with arguments and appeals, and with a scorn 
 for the languid policy of his countrymen which in after years 
 he learned to express with somewhat more of modei'ation (iv. 
 51). The First Philippic "is not merely a splendid piece of 
 " orator}', emphatic and forcible in its appeal to the emotions ; 1 5^ 
 " bringing the audience by many different roads to the main 
 " conviction which the orator seeks to impress; profoundly 
 " animated with genuine Pan-hellenic patriotism, and with the ^ 
 
 " dignit}^ of that free Grecian world now threatened by a 
 "monarch flom without. . . . "We find Demosthenes, yet 
 ' ' oul}' thirt_)''[-three] 3-ears old — 3'oung in political life — 
 " and thirteen j^ears before the battle of Chaeroneia — taking 
 " accurate measure of the political relations between Athens 
 ' ' and Philip ; examining those relations during the past, 
 " pointing out how the}' had become every year more unfavor- 
 " able, and foretelling the dangerous contingencies of the 
 " future, unless better precautions were taken ; ex]30sing with i 
 " courageous frankness not only the past mismanagement of ' 
 " public men, but also those defective dispositions of the peo- 
 " pie themselves wherein such management had its root; 
 "lastly, after fault found, adventuring on his own responsi-
 
 XX INTRODUCTION. 
 
 " bility to propose specific measures of correction, and urging 
 " upon reluctant citizens a painful imposition of personal 
 "hardship as well as of taxation." (Grote, Hist. Greece, 
 vol. xi, pp. 442-443). 
 
 27 We are not informed whether the motion of Demosthenes 
 on this occasion was carried or not. In all probability that 
 feature, at any rate, upon which he justly laid most stress, — 
 the personal participation of the citizens in a permanent expe- 
 dition, — was not adopted. The habitual listlessness of the 
 Athenians, the insensibility of many to the threatening nature 
 
 / of Philip's aggressions, the craven feeling in others of inability 
 to cope with him, perhaps, too, the influence of citizens acting 
 
 ^ in the interests of Macedon, of whom we now hear for the first 
 time (iv. 18), conspired to neutralize the effect of the orator's 
 magnificent harangue. Yet his words may not have been 
 wholly thrown away, but, apart from the increase of reputa- 
 tion which they must have brought him, may have led to the 
 blockade of the Macedonian coast of which we hear shortly- 
 after, and to other measures of which no traces are preserved. 
 
 Fall of Olynthus. 
 
 28 The powerful city of Olynthus, standing at the head of the 
 Chalkidic confederation, remained for some years in alliance 
 with Philip (see § 17). But his self-aggrandizing policy pro- 
 bably at last aroused the Ol3nthians' alarm ; and in 352, while 
 he was engaged in Thessaly, the phil- Athenian party among 
 them (ix. 56) brought the cit}^ in disregard of Macedon, to 
 conclude peace (not alliance) with Athens. In consequence 
 of the state of feeling indicated b}' this move, the relations be- 
 tween Philip and Olynthus became so far from amicable that 
 the former, on his return in 351 from his Thracian expedition 
 (see § 23), made some threatening movement towards the 
 Chalkidian territory (iv. 17). A temporary accommodation 
 was, however, patched up, and during the short term of nom-
 
 INTRODUCTION. Xxl 
 
 inal friendship which followed, Philip seems to have been at 
 work to win over partisans in the various Chalkidic cities ; his 
 success in Olynthus itself is shown by the banishment from 
 that city of the an ti- Macedonian leader, ApoUonides (ix. 56, 
 G6) . When as much as possible had been done in the way of 29 
 secret intrigue, he proceeded in 349 to overt hostilities ; which, 
 to be sure, until he was within five miles of Olynthus, he de- 
 clared were not directed against that city itself (ix. 11) . The 
 Olynthians, not deceived by this flimsy pretense, appealed, in 
 theii- extremit}', to Athens to conclude an offensive and defen- ' 
 sive alliance. Demosthenes, in his thi'ee Olynthiac Orations, 
 seconded the appeal, and with success. The alliance was ac- 
 cepted and aid sent in three successive expeditions, but all to y 
 no purpose. One after another the cities of the peninsula fell 
 before the arms of Philip, until, at last, in 348, the treason of 
 the two cavalry commanders, Lasthenes and Euthykrates, 
 consigned Olynthus to a like fate (vi. 21 ; ix. 56, 66). Such 
 of the inhabitants as had not perished in battle or made then- 
 escape from the district, were sold into slavery, and their 
 cities, thirty -two in number, were razed to the ground (ix. 26). 
 
 The Conclusion of the Peace of Philokrates. 
 
 The destruction of the Chalkidic cities was in itself enough ^ 
 to spread horror and alarm throughout Greece, but the effect ' 
 of these disasters upon Athens was made ten-fold greater by 
 the fact that numerous Athenian citizens, serving in Olynthus, 
 had been taken captive by Philip. Add to this that since the 
 accession of Philip, the Athenian confederacy had been stead- 
 ily dwindling, so as now to include onl}' the smaller mari- 
 time states, such as Thasos, Skiathos (iv. 32), Peparethus, 
 Prokonnesus, Tenedos, etc., and that the military efforts of 
 Athens, tardy and ineffectual as they had been, had yet made 
 a heavy drain upon the resources of the state, and one can- 
 not wonder that a cessation of hostilities came to be eagerly
 
 XXll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 31 desired. Even before the foil of Olynthus the Athenian actors, 
 Aristodemus and Neoptolemus, whose profession secured their 
 safety in a hostile countr}', had brought from Philip assur- 
 ances of his readiness for peace with Athens. So had also 
 Ktesiphon, who had gone to Macedonia on an embassy in the 
 midst of the war {vi. 28). On the renewal of these assur- 
 ances through Aristodemus after the destruction of Ol^^nthus, 
 a certain Philokrates proposed in the Athenian assembly that 
 an embassy often men be sent to Philip to treat for peace. 
 The motion was passed, and among the envoi's appointed 
 were the mover, Philokrates, and the orators, ^schines and 
 Demosthenes. On most of these men Philip made a very 
 favorable impression, which, in several cases, he probably 
 strengthened by means of bribes (vi. 34) . They returned to 
 Athens early in the spring of 346, and were followed shortly' 
 after by Macedonian plenipotentiaries. Hereuj^on Philokra- 
 tes, who was almost certainl}' in the pa}' of Philip, moved 
 that peace and alliance be concluded between Philip and his 
 allies on the one hand, and Athens and her allies, but with 
 
 (^ the exception of the Phokians, on the other, on the terms 
 proposed by the king ; viz., that each part}^ retain its present 
 
 32 possessions. The proposal to exclude the Phokians from the 
 treat}^ was one both dishonorable and dangerous to Athens ; 
 dishonorable, because they were allies of Athens (see §19), and 
 dangerous, because, if they were left alone to withstand Philip, 
 he was likely to effect the passage of Thermopylae, and so 
 have unhindered access into Central Greece. To this_exclu4- 
 ing clause, therefore, strong opposition was^made by Demos- 
 
 i thenes and other patriots ; but the Macedonian plenipotentia- 
 " ries were firm in insisting upon it, and philippizing Athenian 
 orators, such as Philokrates and ^schines, represented that 
 the refusal to admit Phokis to the treaty by no means indicated 
 hostile designs on the part of Philip against that state, but 
 was due to his unwillingness to offend the enemies of Phokis, 
 the Thebans and Thessalians, with whom he was on friendly
 
 INTRODUCTION, XXIU 
 
 terms. The Athenians, in their desire for an end of the war, 
 sutfcred themselves to be persuaded, and, insisting only on 
 the omission of the excluding clause from the letter of the 
 convention, tacitly complied with its requirements by swear- 
 ing in the presence of the Macedonian envoys the customary 
 ratifying oaths, together with the representatives of their 
 allies generally, but not of the Phokians. The ten Athenian 33 
 ambassadors were then du-ected by the people to make a 
 second journey to receive the oaths of Philip and his allies 
 (vi. 29). Now Philip was engaged at the time in pushing 
 his conquests in Thrace, to the injury of Athens ; and as he 
 was hkely to interpret his agreement with Athens so freely as 
 to retain everything he could get up to the moment of com- 
 pleting by his oath the ratification of the treat}^, it was 
 important to check his operations as soon as possible. But 
 in spite of the remonstrances of Demosthenes, the embassy 
 lingered in Athens, loitered on the wa}^, and finally refused 
 to go to Philip in Thrace, but waited for him at Pella, his > 
 capital. Fifty days after their departure from Athens, Philip 
 returned home, having in the interval captured stronghold 
 after stronghold on the Thracian coast, of which some, as 
 Serrhium and Hieron Oros, had been occupied by Athenian 
 garrisons shortly before peace negotiations began (ix. 15). 
 
 At Pella, embassies from Sparta, Thebes, Phokis, aiid other 34 
 Greek states, as well as that from Athens, awaited him. 
 With these in his train, he marched on into Thessaly, all the 
 while leading the Phokians to believe that he meant them no 
 harm (ix. 11), and holding out hopes of advantage to every- 
 body. Finally, on reaching Pherre, he swore the Peace of 
 Philokrates, and the Athenian envoys took their departure,! 
 arriving at Athens about the middle of the summer of 346, i 
 after an absence of seventy da^s. Demosthenes was now 35 
 thoroughly alarmed at the position of affairs, and at a meet- 
 ing of the senate (/SovAtj), of which he was a member, he 
 coujm'ed the city not to abandon Therinop^daj and the Pho-|
 
 xxiv INTRODUCTION. 
 
 kians. But in the assemblj- (eKK/V/^o-ta) of the following day, 
 ^schines still held out his encouraging assurances : I'liilip 
 meant no harm to the Phokians, but would humljlc Thebes 
 and rebuild the cities of Thespian and Platjea (see § 5) ; he 
 ' would hand over Eubcjea (see § 41) to Athens as a price for 
 Amphipolis (see § 15), to which the Athenians still fondh' 
 cherished their claims ; he would even, so ^schines hinted, 
 re-attach to Attica the frontier town of Oropus, which, twenty 
 years before, had passed into the hands of Thebes (vi. 29, 30 ; 
 ix. 11 ) . In vain did Demosthenes protest. The people pre- 
 ferred agreeable falsehoods to disagi-eeable truths, and laughed 
 approvingly when Philokrates cried out, " No wonder, men of 
 Athens, that Demosthenes and I do not think alike ; for he 
 drinks water, but I, wine " (vi. 30) . A vote of the people ex- 
 tended the peace to the descendants of the contracting parties 
 (vi. 31), and demanded of the Phokians the surrender of the 
 
 f temple at Delphi to its immemorial defenders, the Amphik- 
 t^'ons. Deserted thus b}' Athens, the Phokian arm}- capitu- 
 lated, and Philip, l>eing now unhindered at Thermopjlse (vi. 
 7, 35), entered at once into Central Greece. 
 
 36 He concealed his designs no longer. At a meeting of the 
 Amphiktyonic Assemljl^', held soon after, not only were the 
 Phokians forever excluded from the Amphiktjonic League, 
 and their votes transferred to Philip and his successors, but 
 the annihilation of the Phokian nation was decreed. This de- 
 cree was speedily executed. The cities of Phokis were de- 
 stro3'ed, and their inhabitants scattered into villages (ix. 19, 
 23) . Many fled the country, which became a scene of deso- 
 lation and misery. The Thebans and Thessalians, on the 
 other hand, whose forces had joined Philip (vi. 14), received 
 substantial benefits. In the interests of the Thebans the 
 walls of Orchomenus, Koroneia, and Korsise, three Boeotian 
 towns which had sided with Phokis, were razed, and all Boe- 
 otia was again united under Thebes (vi. 13) ; while the Thes- 
 salians, besides recovering the IJuAaia, or leading place in the
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXV 
 
 Amphiktj'onic Asscmbl}- and in the a(lministra,tion of the Tem- 
 ple of Delphi, were presented with the fortress of NikiEa near 
 Thermopylffi, and had the district of Magnesia (see § 21) 
 restored to them (vi. 22). Finally, to Philip himself, to- 
 gether with the Thebans and Thessalians, the Amphiktyonic 
 Assembly assigned the presidency of the Pythian games (ix. 
 32). Philip, in fact, had forced his way into the circle of 
 Hellenic nations, and became henceforth the generally recog-" 
 nized champion of the ancient Amphiktyonic League. 
 
 The Years of Nominal Peace (346-340). 
 
 Rudel}- as the expectations of the Athenians had been dis- 37 
 a[)pointed, the city could not do better than accept the state 
 of things which her own foil}' had brought about. Philip, on 
 his side, was disposed to abide for a time b}' the terms of the 
 Peace, at least to the extent of alistaining from direct aggi'es- 
 sions upon Athens, though he was far from construing that 
 convention, as Demosthenes does (ix. 17), to requh-e him to 
 suliside into inactivit}'. On the contrary, he was constantly 
 bus}' in strengthening and extending his power. After an 
 expedition against the lUjTians and Dardanians, he tightened 
 his hold upon Thessal}' by occup3'ing with a Macedonian 
 garrison rebellious Pheroe (ix. 12), by re-appropriating the 
 harbor-revenues (see § 21), and by putting the whole country 
 under the control of a board of ten of his partisans (vi. 22) . 
 In the Peloponnesus, likewise, he made himself felt. Here, 38 
 Sparta was, as usual, in a state of hostility toward Argos and 
 INIessene, the latter of which states she was seemingly trying 
 to recover (see § 5) ; but Philip demanded the recognition by 
 Sparta of Messenian independence (\'i. 13), and sent mer- 
 cenaries to Argos and Messene, whom he promised to follow 
 speedily in person (vi. 9, 1")). With a view to counteracting 
 his efforts in this quarter, the Athenians sent an embassy into 
 the Peloponnesus, on which Demosthenes served. But the
 
 xxn INTRODUCTION. 
 
 warnings which the orator addressed to the Argives and 
 Messenians against trusting Philip (vi. 2(3-25), tliough well 
 
 39 received at the time, worked no lasting eftect (vi. 2(j). Ae- 
 cordingl}', a little later, at some time in the ^ear 344, envoi's 
 from these states came to Athens to complain of the Athenian 
 adhesion to Sparta. It is presumable that this embassy was 
 instigated b^- Philip, and indeed, according to one account, 
 envoi's from Macedon, arriving at the same time, joined their 
 voices with those of the Peloponnesians. Thus the assembty 
 which met to hear the message of the ambassadors, and, in 
 then' presence (vi. 28), to vote a repty, had reall}^ to con- 
 sider, under one of its aspects, the reigning question of the 
 time, the question how to deal with Philip. It was on tliis 
 occasion that Demosthenes delivered the Second Philippic, 
 an oration which merel}' sen'cd to introduce the reading of a 
 paper proposed by the orator as a suitalile reph' to the envoys. 
 The harangue urges the Athenians to be watchful against the 
 king, and denounces the philippizing part}' in the cit}'. As 
 for the repl}' itself, its tenor can onh' be guessed, for the 
 document is lost. ' ' The tone of the speech leads us to sup- 
 ' ' pose that the repty made no material concession ; . . . yet 
 " it so far satisfied Philip and his allies as to avoid an open 
 "rupture." (Thirlwall, Hist. Greece, ch. xlv.) 
 
 40 Other Peloponnesian states besides Argos and Messene 
 passed under Phihp's control. The Arcadians were devoted 
 to him ; and in Elis a philippizing part}^ overthrew the exist- 
 ing government and attached the state to the interests of 
 Macedon (ix. 27). North of the Isthmus, in Megara, a 
 similar attempt was made, but this failed, apparentl}' through 
 the exertions of Athens (ix. 17, 27). Again, the island of 
 Euboea, whose alliance the Athenians had secured in 357 
 (see § 6), had earty become an object of Philip's intrigues 
 (see § 21) . In 350, discords, seemingly fomented by him, had 
 broken out there, the Athenians had taken sides with Plutarch, 
 tyrant, of Eretria, who, after betraying them, had quitted the
 
 INTRODUCTION. xxvii 
 
 island with his mercenaries (ix. 57) , and all Euboea had been 
 added to the list of Philip's allies. Still, in the principal cities, 41 
 phil-Athenian parties maintained themselves or revived. In 
 Chalkis, such a party succeeded in 343-2 in effecting an 
 alliance with Athens, while in Eretria and Oreos the philip- 
 pizers carried the day. Thus in Eretria the Macedonian 
 faction, headed by Klitarchus, was strong enough to cause 
 the dismissal of an Athenian embassy (ix. 66), and finally 
 to expel their opponents (ix. 57), who took refuge in the 
 port of Porthmus. Philip then sent mercenaries under Hip- 
 ponikus, razed the fortifications of Porthmus (ix. 33), in- 
 stalled Klitarchus and two others as tyrants of Eretria, aiid 
 frustrated two attempts of the banished citizens to reinstate 
 themselves (ix. 58). Similarly, in Oreos, the resistance of- 
 fered b}' Euphrffius to the philippizing party was of no avail. 
 He was thrown into prison, where he committed suicide, and 
 Macedonian troops assured the possession of the city to its 
 tyrants (ix. 12, 33, 59-62). 
 
 An expedition in the winter of 343-2 against Arj-bbas, 42 
 king of the Molossians in Epirus, afforded Pliilip an oppor- 
 tunity to threaten Ambrakia and Leukas, Corinthian posses- 
 sions, to conclude an alliance with the ^tolians, under the 
 promise of seizing for them Naupalvtus, occupied at the time 
 b}' an Achtean garrison (ix. 27, 34), and in other ways to 
 strengthen himself in that quarter. Fears were aroused that 
 he would in person cross over into the Peloponnesus. The 
 Athenians now bestirred themselves, sent an embassy, con- 
 sisting of Demosthenes and other patriots, through the Pelo- 
 ponnesus, to stir up resistance to Philip's schemes ; and by 
 deeds, as well as words, presented so determined a front that 
 his movements were arrested (ix. 72). 
 
 On his return march, the king, in order still further to take 43 
 from Thessaly the power of dissension and resistance, estab- 
 lished tetrarchs, one over each of the four districts, Thessa- 
 liotis, Phthiotis, Pelasgiotis, and Hestiseotis (ix. 26) . These
 
 xxviii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 tetrarchs, though Thessahans, were creatures of his, and he 
 directed the admiuistration of the countrj' (ix. 33).. At the 
 same time he occupied with Macedouian troops Nikaea, near 
 Thermopylae (see § 36), and Echinus in soutliern Phthiotis, 
 though the latter city, Boeotian b}* origin, was claimed by 
 Thebes (ix. 34). These measures accomplished, he abstained 
 for a while from further aggressions in Greece, and opened a 
 new campaign in Thrace, with the determination now to com- 
 pletel}" subdue that region (ix, 27), Not until the winter of 
 339-8 did Philip appear again south of Mt. Olympus. 
 
 The Rene-wal of Hostilities and Subjugation of 
 
 Greece. 
 
 44 During the period in which the Peace of Philokrates con- 
 tinued to be nominalh^ observed, the patriotic party in Athens, 
 headed by Demosthenes, had been steadil}' gaining ground. 
 Shortly after the conclusion of that convention, Philokrates, 
 its chief author, was impeached, and, on his flight from the 
 cit}', was condemned to death in his absence. And later, 
 when ^schines was brought to trial by Demosthenes for un- 
 faithfulness in the discharge of his duties as ambassador to 
 Macedonia (see §§ 33 ff,), a large minority of the dikasts 
 gave their votes for condemnation, 
 
 45 In the closing scenes of the struggle for independence, 
 Demosthenes stands forth conspicuously as the leader, not 
 only of his own cit}', but of all the independence and patriot- 
 ism that remained in Greece. It was events in Thrace which 
 drew Athens anew into open conflict with Philip. The 
 Athenians had acquired, in 357, a precarious hold upon the 
 Thraciiin Chersonese, with the exception of the important 
 town of Kardia on the isthmus, which ultimately allied itself 
 with Philip (ix. 35) ; and, by way of securing their posses- 
 sion more eflfectually, a body of kleruchs was sent thither, in 
 843, under the command of a certain Diopeithes (ix. 15).
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXIX 
 
 These settlers got into a quarrel with the Kardians, and when 46 
 Philip supported the latter with troops (ix. 16), Diopeithes 
 retaliated by collecting a force and making a raid into Thrace. 
 Philip then sent to Athens a letter, remonstrating and threat- 
 emng (ix. 16, 27) ; but, though in the assembly which met 
 to consider this communication, the policy of peace at any 
 price was urged by many, Demosthenes, in his oration On the 
 Chersonese, defended Diopeithes so vigorously that he was 
 allowed to retain his command, and no concession was made 
 to the king. Not long after, say in the summer of 3 41^ the- 
 Third Philippic was delivered. It would seem that the de- 
 bate of which this speech is a product was occasioned by a 
 request for help from the settlers in the Chersonese (ix. 73), 
 and that the earlier speakers confined themselves to the dis- 
 cussion of Thracian affairs (ix. 19) ; but to the view of 
 Demosthenes the question of the hour was one of far wider 
 scope. It was a question of peace or war, a question which 
 touched the honor and the very existence of all Hellas. All 
 the energy of the orator's nature, all his power of kindling , / 
 emotions in an audience, all his rare pan-Hellenic patriotism, 
 found expression in the Third Philippic. This, the latest of 
 Demosthenes's parliamentary harangues, is also the most elo- 
 quent and the noblest, i 
 
 The prosecution of Pliihp's plans of conquest in Thrace 47 
 had soon brought him into collision with his allies (see § 23) , 
 the Perinthians and Byzantines, whom he had accordingly ' ^ 
 prepared to attack (ix. 34). But before the siege of these 
 towns had actually begun, the Athenians, acting on the advice 
 urged by Demosthenes m the Third Philippic X§§_71 ff.;, 
 strained every nerve to brmg about a general alliance against 
 the aggressor. In this the}^ had no small success. Euboea 
 was liberated of its tyrants and joined hands with Athens. 
 Better still, the wisdom and the eloquence of Demosthenes 
 effected a reconciliation between Athens and the cities of 
 Perinthus and Byzantium (cf. § 10) , which, on being attacked
 
 XXX INTRODUCTION. 
 
 by Philip, in 340, were so effectively supported by their 
 friends, that the king was baffled and withdrew. At the 
 call of Athens, which had now openly- annulled the Peace of 
 Philoki'ates, Megara, Achsea, Corinth, Leukas, and Kerkyra 
 ralhed round the standard of libert3\ More than all, Thebes, 
 the long-standing foe of Athens and friend of Philip, was 
 induced, through the efforts of Demosthenes, to change its 
 front and co-operate vigorously in the work of defence. 
 48 At this moment the resistance which Demosthenes had been 
 making for years with such keen foresight, such burning zeal, 
 such unsullied and catholic patriotism, to the stead}- advance 
 of conquest, seemed about to be successful. But the task 
 was too great. The opposing armies met for a decisive con- 
 flict at Chaeroneia (338 b.c.) and the overwhelming victory 
 ")f Philip annihilated forever the independence of Greece. 
 For some years Demosthenes lived in honor in his own city, 
 and the speech On the Crown, delivered in 330, was at once 
 his greatest oratorical effort and the successful vindication of 
 his whole puljlic career. Yet even this measure of good for- 
 tune was not to last. The hatred of his enemies at home and 
 abroad gathered strength, and his exile from Athens and the 
 self-infiicted death by which he escaped a more ignominious 
 de.ith at the hands of the Macedonians (322 b.c.) closed 
 with a c rtain tragic fitness the history of his heroic, unavail- 
 ing contest. 
 
 Athenian Financial and Military Systems. 
 
 4^ The principal ordinary sources of the Athenian revenue 
 were these: (1) the rent of public property, especially the 
 silver-mines ; (2) the taxes paid by resident aliens (/teVotKoi) ; 
 (3) export and import duties and market dues ; (4) judicial 
 fees and fines ; (5) the contributions (o-uFra^'eis) of members 
 of the confederacy. It is to be observed that there was, in 
 general, no direct tax imposed upon th^^ citizens. There was.
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXXl 
 
 however, something not wholly dissimilar in that peculiar 
 arrangement of the Athenian constitution which required 
 wealthy citizens from time to time to discharge for the public 
 good certain services, called liturgies. These were of two 
 kinds: (1) Enc3'clic or ordinarj' litiu'gies, having to do with 
 the celebration of religious festivals, and recurring, therefore, 
 at stated intervals. Of this class the most costty were the 
 cJioregia and the gymnasiarchy, consisting respectively in the 
 formation, maintenance, and training of a chorus for a dra- 
 matic or musical performance, and in the oversight and sup- 
 port of athletes preparing to compete in a gymnastic contest 
 (iv. 36) . (2) Extraordinarj^ liturgies, necessary only in time 
 of war. Here belongs especially the trierarchy, which in- 
 volved heavier pecuniary sacrifices than any of the preceding 
 class. In the fifth century, b.c, each trierarch received from 
 the state a war-ship, of which he had to take charge for one 
 year ; and, though the state supplied pay for the crew, the 
 trierarch, if patriotic, often expended, in putting and keeping 
 his vessel in a sea-going condition, in securing, by payment 
 of bounties, the most competent seamen possible, and so on, 
 from forty minse to a talent ($720-$ 1,080). But in the 
 fourth century, a number of men usually combined to perform 
 a single trierarch}'. As to the details of the method by which 50 
 the various liturgical obligations were apportioned on any 
 given occasion among members of the wealthy classes, we are 
 imperfectly informed. But we know that when an appointee 
 considered himself less bound to undertake the burden as- 
 signed him than some one else who had been passed over, he 
 could demand of such person to make a complete exchange of 
 property with himself (dvTtSoo-ts) , or else assume the liturgy. 
 If the demand was refused and both parties persisted, the ques- 
 tion would be brought to trial before the proper magistrates, 
 who, in case the}' decided against the defendant, would give 
 him the option of the alternatives proposed by the plaintiff. 
 Suits of this kind (ui/tiSoo-ci?) were especially common in the
 
 XXxii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 time of Demosthenes, when men resorted to all means for 
 escaping from sacrifices for the public good, and they must 
 evidently have done serious evil in delajdng naval prepara- 
 tions in times of need (iv. 36). 
 
 51 The revenue, whose sources have been enumerated above, 
 was more than sufficient to carry on the government in tune 
 of peace. There was, therefore, an annual surplus, most of 
 which, in the fifth centirry, was habitually laid bj^ as a war- 
 fund. Pericles, however, had introduced the custom of dis- 
 tributing to poor citizens, at those Dion3-siac festivals which 
 were celebrated with dramatic representations, the sum of two 
 obols apiece, to pay the price of admission to the theatre. 
 The moneys thus distributed were called ^cwpt/ca (sight-seeing 
 moneys), and afterward, when it became the practice to 
 make similar distributions on the occasion of other than the 
 Dionysiac festivals, the same name was made to cover all 
 these. After the Peloponnesian War a separate The6ric 
 Fund was established, which soon came to absorb the entire 
 surplus revenue. From this Fund some expenses incuiTcd 
 by the state in the celebration of religious festivals, e.g., for 
 sacrifices, seem to have been defrayed, but the bulk of it was 
 apparentl}' spent in multiplied distributions at the festivals, 
 no longer now to the poor alone, but to rich and poor alike. 
 How much the Thedric Fund usually amounted to, it is, un- 
 fortunatel}', impossible to determine ; but there seems no 
 room for doubt that the uses to which it was put were in 
 great part inexcusable and pernicious. Hence we find De- 
 mosthenes repeatedly urging the application of this money 
 to war pui-poses, which measure, however, he did not suc- 
 ceed in carrying through until just before the battle of 
 Cha^roneia. 
 
 52 The highest military officers in Athens were the ten gen- 
 erals (o-rpaTTyyot) , who had supreme command of the army 
 and navy in time of war, and who also exercised sundry ad- 
 minis^jative and judicial functions at home. Subordinate to
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXX1H 
 
 the generals were, for the infantry, the ten taxiarehs, or com- 
 manders of battalions, and, for the cavalry, the two hipparchs 
 and their sub-ofRcers, the ten ph^larchs. These officers were 
 annually elected, no matter what the state of the country 
 might be, but, with the exception of the thousand knights 
 (tTTTTfts), who were annuall}' chosen from the two highest 
 propert3'-classes, and were liable to military service in time 
 of war, nothing like a standing army was ever maintained in 
 Attica. 
 
 In like manner the fleet, in which the strength of Athens 53 
 always lay, was not kept, in time of peace, in readiness for 
 active service. In the fourth century, B.C., the Athenian | 
 navy, though less well cared for than before, was still superior 
 to that of any other state, numbering as it did from three 
 to four hundred triremes. Of these, some were used only 
 as transports for infantry (rpiT^pets o-rpaTtaWtScs) or cavalry 
 (rptTypcis iTTTrayojyot) , while others were proper ships of war 
 (rpiT/pets raxerat). There were, besides, ships of burden 
 (TrXota), which carried provisions, equipments, etc., for the 
 use of an expedition. 
 
 The population of Attica may be roughly estimated at 54 
 500,000, among whom only about 90,000 were citizens, the 
 remainder being made up of 45,000 resident aliens or metics, 
 and 365,000 slaves. Of the adult male citizens, whose num- 
 ber may be put at 20,000, those between the ages of 19 and 
 58, inclusive, were hable to be called upon, by a vote of the 
 popular assembly, to perform military service. The metics 
 also were sometimes drafted, and even the slaves were em- 
 ployed in war, especially as oarsmen and sailors. In the 
 time of Demosthenes, however, the Athenians commonly 
 hired mercenaries to conduct then- expeditions (see § 7). 
 
 The usual pay of a foot-soldier was two obols (six cents) 55 
 per day as wages (/xia-Oos) , and the same amount as provision- 
 money {(TLTrjpia-Lov, Tpof^iri) ; that of a cavalry-soldier three 
 times as much. The crew of a ship of war numbered two
 
 XXxiv INTRODUCTION. 
 
 liuiidred men, who received, on the average, as much as in- 
 fantry soldiers, so that the wages and provision-mone}' of 
 one crew would amount at least to forty minae ($720) per 
 month. Mercenaries seem to have been engaged on the same 
 terms as citizens. 
 
 56 Now since, in the Age of Demosthenes, there was no 
 
 reserve-fund on which to draw in time of war (see § 51), 
 
 military and naval expenses could not be properly met except 
 
 b}' imposing a property-tax (cio-^opa) on the citizens. Such 
 
 a tax was regarded as a species of extraordinary litm'g}', and 
 
 was submitted to with great reluctance. As far as possible, 
 
 it was evaded, and in the consequent failure of Athens to 
 
 pa}' her troops lay another cause of her inefficiency in war 
 
 (see§ 8). 
 
 Athenian Legislative Bodies. 
 
 57 The Athenians had two legislative bodies, the ^ovXij and 
 the iKKX.7](TLa. Of these, the former was composed of five 
 hundred men, fifty ft-om each tril)e, annually chosen by lot. 
 Thus the Boule fell into ten tribal groups, and these took 
 turns, each for a tenth part of the 3'ear, in assuming the chief 
 responsibilities of the entire bod3% During this period of pre- 
 cedence the members of the group were called prytcmes, 
 whence their term of office went by the name of p't'ytany. 
 Out of the number of the prytanes a president {eTn(TTa.Ty]<i) 
 was dail}' chosen, who, in earlier times, acted as chairman in 
 the meetings of the Boule and the Ecclesia ; but, in the fourth 
 century, this epistates chose nine proedri from the nine tribes 
 other than his own, and from among the proedri, finally, 
 another epistates was chosen, who presided in both houses. 
 
 68 Besides being charged with various administrative func- 
 tions connected especially with the department of finance, 
 the Boul6 had for its business to initiate the discussions of 
 the Ekklesia. No subject could constitutionally come before 
 the latter body, until it had been first taken up by the former, 
 and a recommendation in regard to it had been there voted
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXXV 
 
 nnd embodied in the form of a 7rpo/?f»i'Acu/Aa, or preliminai'v 
 decree. As a legislative bod}-, the Boul6 could do no more 
 than this. 
 
 The all-powerful agenc}^ in the Athenian constitution was 59 
 the popular assembly or iKKX-rjaM. All adult male citizens 
 were entitled to be present at the meetings of the Ekklesia, but 
 although there were about 20,000 of these, the number actually 
 present was probably seldom more than 6,000 or 8,000. The 
 usual place of meeting was the so-called Pnyx, whose precise 
 location is a matter of controvers}'. Regular sessions of the 
 Ecclesia were held four times in each prj-tan}', and extra ses- 
 sions, if pecessary, could be summoned by the prj'tanes, or 
 by the generals through the prytanes. 
 
 The meeting was opened with sacrifice and prayer. The 60 
 epistates then proposed (TrpoTiOevai) the subject of debate, 
 and read the probouleuma. The people then voted whether 
 to concur in this recommendation, or to deliberate (o-KOTrav or 
 f^ovXeveaOat) further on the matter. In the latter case, a crier 
 called upon whoever would to give his advice (o-u/xySovAcueti/). 
 Any citizen, except such as were under deprivation of civil 
 rights (dri/Ata) for certain crimes and misdemeanors, was at 
 liberty to speak, though naturally there were only a few whose 
 talents and training fitted them to address so large and tur- 
 bulent a gathering. These few were called the customary 
 speakers (ol ctw^dres) , or simply the orators (ot Aeyoi/res) , or 
 those coming forward (oi Traptovres). He who wished to 
 speak rose from his seat (avaa-njvai) , went forward {-n-apuvai) 
 to the orator's platform, and gave his opinion {yvwfxrju or a 
 ytyi/wo-Kci diroffj-^vacrOai) , accompanying his speech, if he chose, 
 with a written motion (ypa^etv) , either modifying or opposing 
 the rejected probouleuma. When the discussion was ended, 
 the various motions were set before the people, who voted in 
 general hy show of hands (x^ipoTovelv, i-m^iipoToveiv, if/rjcfiL^ea-- 
 dai) . The decision (a eSo^e) of the majority was declared hy 
 the epistates, and was then recorded and deposited with the 
 public archives.
 
 xxxvi INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Some Features of the Style of Demosthenes. 
 
 Gl A speech b}- a great Athenian orator was, in general, writ- 
 ten out beforehand, and delivered from memory ; and if the 
 exigencies of the public occasion made additions or alterations 
 necessary, these extemporized passages were, in the final 
 reA'ision of the speech b}' the hand of its author, so elaborated 
 and assimilated to the context as not to be distinguishable by 
 any marks of style. Now one of the most characteristic fea- 
 tures of Greek oratory, both as addressed to present audi- 
 ences, and, still more, as bequeathed in written form to 
 posterity, was an extreme care in tjie fhoir^p nnd irrirtgfmmnt 
 iVfjirordF'; — a care wliieh. at the present day, is to be f ound 
 "^-onl y in poetr3 \ The speeches of Demosthenes, constituting, 
 as they do, the highest achieyeuient of Greek oratorical art, 
 exhibit this exquisite finish of style in a degre^-^vhich only 
 Greek ears could adequately appreciate, but which is still 
 magical for our own. The presence of this quality makes 
 itself felt by even a cursory reader, and becomes more and 
 more striking on attentive study. Especiall}' noteworth}" is 
 Demosthenes's observance (Of tw^ stringent rules designed to 
 secure smoothness and dignity of style, one of which rales 
 had been imposed upon oratorical prose b}' the influential 
 rhetorician Isokrates, while the other was seeniin^^orlginal 
 with Demosthenes himself. They werei to avoid Jdatus^and 
 to avoid a succession of more than two sJwrt syllaWM: Excep- 
 tions to the former rule were permitted by our orator onl}' 
 after the article, the relative pronoun, and a few common 
 particles ; to the latter, only in the middle of single words, 
 like yei/oyu-evos, or in close combinations, like o ttoAc/ao?, and 
 then onl}^ rarely. It is to be observed, however, that as in 
 poetr}^ the final syllable of a verse is unrestricted as to quan- 
 tity, and hiatus is permitted between the end of one verse 
 and the beginning of the next, so, in the practice of Demos- 
 thenes, the two rules above given do not apply where a pause 
 
 I 
 
 (il
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXXvU 
 
 occurs in the delivery ; also, that in most texts, the present 
 one included, many elisions, erases, and aphsereses which 
 were made in speaking are left unindicated, so as to produce 
 apparent, but onl}' apparent, cases of hiatus ; and that slight 
 orthographical eiTors, such as the mistaken insertion of the v 
 movable, have introduced apparent violations of the rhythmi- 
 cal law. Thus, to illustrate these remarks, the first words 
 of the First Philippic were pronounced, Ei fjikv ir^pl kulvovI U-i 
 
 Ttvos Trpay/Aaros TrpovTiOiT wi'opes A.6y]valoi Ac'yetv, while in thcV 
 
 second section of the same oration the hiatus after €;^et is/ 
 justified by the pause, and that after rot is one of the sorb 
 which, as above stated, Demosthenes did not scruple t0 
 allow himself. The eveKa of § 3 ought probably to be written; 
 ctVcKo, and it is not until we reach the word (fyofSepov in the 
 same section that we encounter an umnistakable case of tlu'ee 
 short syllables in succession. Contrast this with the style of 
 such writers as Plato or Xenophon, and the difference wUU 
 immediately become evident. 
 
 ^lu^ the structure of his_ sentences^ JDemQstlienes-exhiljrts-6'2 
 everygrad atio n from s implicity tO -£Oxaplex-rty. Contrast, for 
 instance, the extended but artistic and lucid period^ into 
 which the prooemia of the accompanying orations are cast, 
 with the short, nervous ^ sent ences of impassioned passages 
 like Phil. I, 10. (^)Fmetaphor7^and rhetorical ornament gen- 
 erall3S we find onty^[s]3afing use. ^ One favorite means em- 
 plo^'ed by the orator for emphasizing an idea deserves to be ^/^ 
 noticed, that, namely<ijof coupling synonymous words. The /^ 
 
 -^l8rJTe Kol Oedorrjo-Oe ~'of Phil. I, 3, q s a typic gl^example, and 
 others may be found on nearly every page. Often, as in the 
 case quoted, there seems to be no intentional discrimination 
 of meanings ; often^ however, the second of the two words is 
 a more special and precise term than the first, and is most 
 
 ~appi-opriately rendered into English by an adverbial word 
 or phrase, e.g. Phil. II, 1, irpaTju kol /3ta^erai; and often, '^-^ 
 finall}^, one of the two is a figurative, and the other a usual,
 
 XSXViii DfTRODUCTION. 
 
 expression for the same idea, e.g. Phil. Ill, 28, KaKws Sta- 
 
 a»=^^^€i/ji£^a Kttt oiopwpvy/xeOa, Phil. Ill, 12, vocroiicrt Koi crTacnd^ovcriv. 
 
 It is not because of the cogency of their logic, or the riches 
 
 of their thought, that so high a rank is assigned to the speeches 
 
 of Demosthenes. Their _ chains of reasouing_are simple, and 
 
 not always convincing ; there is in them no profound political 
 
 wisdom ; they share, in one word, that inferiority in variety 
 
 ' ' and value of subject-matter which characterizes all ancient 
 
 literature in comparison with modern. BuLiu their power to 
 
 stir the fee]iiigs, — a power ever controlled by a perfect tuste^ 
 
 — ^^thej' stand as models for all time. And it is by reading 
 
 the original Greek, without translating, that this eloquence 
 
 can be best appreciated. 
 
 The following works are recommended to the student : — 
 
 Grote, History of Greece, Chaps. LXVI-XC, XCV. 
 
 Curtius, History of Greece, Vol. V. 
 
 Thirlwall, History of Greece, Chaps. XLI-XLVI, LVI. 
 
 Brodribli, Demosthenes (in the series of Ancierit Classics for 
 English Readers) . 
 
 Lord Brougham, Dissertation on the Eloquence of the An- 
 cients, and Inaugural Address. 
 
 Jebb, Attic Orators, Introduction, and Vol. II, pp. 397-416. 
 
 Jebb, Primer of Greek Literature. 
 
 Miiller and Donaldson, History of Greek Literature, Chap. 
 XLI.
 
 A H M O S e E N H 2.
 
 AHMOSeENHS. 
 
 IV. 
 
 KATA <l>IAinnOT A. 
 
 W^ PnH. 
 Et /aev irepi Katvov tlvo<; TrpdyixaTO'^ irpovTideTOi ] 
 
 b> duhpe's ^ AdrjualoL, \4yeiv, eincr^cov dv ea>9 ol TrXet- 
 
 (TTOi T(ov eloidoTOiv yi^cofxyju d7r€(f>y]uavTo, ei fMei/ rjpi- 
 
 (TKe tC fxoL r(i)v vno tovtcou prjOei^rcou, riov^iav dv 
 
 5 rjyov, el Se /xyj, tot dv avro? iTreLpaifirjv a yLyvaxxKco 
 \eyeiv • iireihr) Se virep Sxv TToWdKi<^ elptJKacTLv 
 ovTOL TrpoTepov cru/x/3atVet /cat vvvl (TKOTrelv, rjyov- 
 fxaL Koi 7Tpa>To<; ai/acrrct? et/corw? av crvyyvoifjir)'; 
 Tvy')(aifew. el yap Ik tov irapekrjkvOoTO'^ xpovov 
 
 10 Tct SeovTa ovtol crvvefiovXevcrav, ovSev dv v/x.a9 vvv 
 eSet fBovXevecrd at. 
 
 TlpoJTOv (J,€v ovv ovK dOvjxrjTeov, a) dvope<? 'A0r)- 2 
 valoc, Tot's irapovcTi TrpdyfxacTLv, ovS' et ndw (^auXw? 
 e^etv So/cet. o yap ecTTi -)(eipi(TT0v avTcov eK tov 
 
 15 TTapeXrjXvOoTos ;)(/)ot'ou, tovto tt/jo? to, [xeXXovTa] 
 ^eXTLCTTOv virdp^ei. tC ovv ecrrt touto ; ort ovSev, 
 a) dvBpe<s ' A.Oiqva'ioL, to)v heovTOiv ttolovvtcov vp.(i)v 
 KaK(x)<; Ta irpdyixaTa e^ei, eTrei tol el Trdv9' a trpocr- 
 rJKe TrpaTTOvTcov ,'ovT(i)'s ei)(e^', ovS' az^ eXmg '^i' avra 
 
 20 fieXTLO) yevecrBat. eireiTa evdvfxrjTeov /cat Trap aX- 3
 
 IV AHMOSeENOYS 
 
 ^^ 
 
 Xcov aKovovci KoX TOt5 etSocru/ avrot? avajUfJivrjcrKO' 
 lJi€uoi<;, TjkiKiqv TTOT e^ovTOiv hvuajxiv AaKeSaiixovicov, 
 i^ ov ^6vo<i ov 7roX.v9, w? KctX-w? /cat Trpoar^KovTOi'i 
 ovSev avd^iov v/xet? iirpd^aTe Trjs TrdXewg, dXX' 
 VTre/^eu/are vTrep Tw^' St/catwv rov vrpos eKeivov<^^ no- ? 
 Xeixov. TU'0'5 ovu eve/ca raGra Xeyw ; tV etSi^re, a) 
 dvBpe<; ^AOrjvaloL, /cat OedarjaOe on ovheu ovt€. 
 (jyvXaTTOjJiei'OL'^ vplv icm (fyo^epof ovt , av oXiycjprjTe, 
 TOLOVTOP olof av u/xet? /SovXoLorde, Trapahevyixacn 
 '^(oixevoi rrj tote patixrj to)v Aa/ceSat/xortcoz^, ^9 w 
 eKpaTeire e/c rov Trpocye^eiv ro1<i TrpdyfiacTL rov vovv, 
 KCLi Trj vvv v/3peL TovTov, 8t' r)v TapaTTOfxeOa Ik tov 
 
 4 fxr)S€i> (f)poPTL[,eLv o)v eyjyrjv. el 8e rt? vixoiv, oi dv- 
 Spe? ^AdrjpoLOL, hvcnroXejxrjTOv oterat roi^ ^'iknnrov 
 elvai, (TKOTTOiv TO re TrXrjOo<; r^? vTrap^ovcrr)'; avT(o is 
 Swdixecoq /cat to to. -^copca irdura drroXoiXivai rfj 
 TToXeL, 6pdo)<i puev oterat, XoyicrdaOoi fxeuToi tov9\ 
 on et^o/xez^ ttotc y]fxei<i, w dphpe^ ^ AOrjvaloi, Wvhvav 
 /cat noriSataz/ /cat, yieOoivrjv /cat Trdvra tov tottov 
 TOVTOV oLKeLOV ktjkXco, /Cat TToXXa TWi' yxer eKeCvov 20 
 ^'St' ovTcov idvcov avTovofiovjxeva /cat iXevOepa 
 VTrrjp)(e /cat fxdXXov rjplv i^ovXeT e^eiv ot/cetw? -^ 
 
 5 keCvo). el Toivvv 6 ^tXtTTTTo? TOTC TavTTjv eo^e Tr)V 
 yvcojXTjv, o)? )(aXeTrov iroXeixelv ecTTLv ^A6rivaioL<s 
 e^oucrt TocravTa €7rtretvto-/u,aTa 71^9 avTov X'^pap ai 
 
 ^ epyjfxov ovTa o"v/x/za^£ui^J ovSet* az^ ojz^ t'wt TreTroiT)- 
 Kev ewpa^ev, ovhe TocravTrjv eKTrjcraTO SvvajXLV. 
 dXX' etSez^, ft) dvSpe^ ^ hOiqvaioL, tovto /caXaj<? eKelvo^, 
 OTL ravra /zeV ecniv airavTa tol )((opia ddXa tov
 
 RATA <i>IAinnOT A. g 
 
 TToXefJLOv fcet/xeva iv yLEcro), ^vcrei S* VTrdp^ei to7<; 
 napovcn'^a to)v airovTOiv Kctl tol? iOeXovcn novelp 
 Kttt KLPOvuevELv TO, T(t)v ajxekovvTOiv. Kol yap tol 6 
 TavTT) ^T^cra/xevo? tt) yuojixrj iravra KorecrrpaTTTai 
 
 5 /cat e^et, ra yuto^ &)? ctz/ eXwi' rt? e^ot TroXe/xoj, to, Se 
 (TVjJLfia^a /cat (^tXa TTOirjcrdp.evo^ • Kat yap cru/^jaa- 
 ^eti^ /cat TTpocre^eiv tov vovv tovtoi^ ideXovcrtu 
 airavTe^, ov? a^* opCxji Trapecr/cevacTjaeVovs Kat Trpdr- 
 TELV iOiXovTa'; a XPV' ^^ Toivvv, a> dvSpe<s ^AOt}- 
 
 10 vaioL, Kat v/xet9 eVt T19? roLavTrj^ iOeXtjcrrjTe yeviardai " 
 yvM^x-qq vyv, iireiSy] Trep ov irpOTepov, Kat eKao-ros 7 
 vp,0)v, ov Set Kat Suz^atr' w Trajoacr^eu' mjTov XPV' 
 (TLixop Tjj TToXeL, TTacTav d(f)el<5 TTjv etpclJ^'eta^'^€TOtjLtos 
 TTpdrTeiv vTrdp^rj, 6 fxev ^p^jixar e^oiv elacftepeiv, 6 
 
 15 o' et* rjXiKLa (rrparevecrOai, — crvt'eXwrt 8' aTrX-w? 
 rjv^pixoiv avTOiv iOeXTJoryjTe yevicrOai Kat Travarjcrde 
 auT09 /xei' ovSez/ eKacrTo<; TToi-qcreiv iXm^cop, rov Se 
 TrXrjcTLov nduO' vnep avrov irpd^eiv, Kat ra vixirep 
 avTcou KoixLelaOe, av Oeo<; BeXrj, kol to, Kareppadv- 
 
 ?o iJLy]jX€va irdXiv duaXtjxjjecrOe, KOLKelvov TtixcjpTJcrecrde. 
 fxr) yap o)? 0e^ vofjLv^eT eKetvo) rot irapovTa ireinqyi- 8 
 t'at irpdyfiara dOdvara, dXXd kox jatcret rts eKeivov 
 Kat oeoiev, oj avope<; AorjvaiOL, Kat ^oovei, Kat tcop 
 irdw vvv hoKovvTOiv otKetw? ^^.iv • Kat diTavB' oVa 
 
 25 Trep Kat et* aXXoi^ Ticriv dvOpcoiroLS €Pi, Tama Kay 
 Tol<; fxer iKeCvov ^(pr) voixit^civ ivelvai. KaTeirTrj^e 
 [xeuTOi irdvra ravra rvvv, ovk €)(oyT diroo'Tpocfyr^v 
 Sta Trjv vfxerepow /SpaovTrJTa Kat paBvyiiav, rju diro- 
 decrOai (fyyjixl Sett* yj^rj. 6 pare ydp, S) ai^Spe? 'Adrj- 9
 
 g IV. AHM02eEN0T2 
 
 vaioL, TO npayfxa, ot irpoek'iqK.vOei/ do'eXyeta? auupo)' 
 7ro§, 69 ovS' alpecnv vplv StScocrt rov TrpdrreLv rj 
 ayeiv rjcrv)(Cav, dW dneLKel /cat \0y0v9 vneprjcfya- 
 VOV9, CU9 cfyacL, Xeyet, /cat ov^ oto? icTTiv €)(Oiv a 
 KaricTpaTrTai [xevetv em tovtmp, aXX aet Tt irpocr- 5 
 TTepi^dWerai /cat /cv/cXw vavTa^rj /xeXXoi/ra9 ')7/xa5 
 
 10 Kttt KaOr}fjLevov<; 7repi(TT0V)(it^eTai. ttot ovv, &> az^- 
 Sjoe? ^ KOrjvaioi, nore a XPV Trpd^ere ; eTrethdv tC 
 yevrjiuL ; eVetSav ptj At' avdyKt) 7). ^'w 8e rt ;)(pi7 
 rd ytyvofxeva rfyelcrOai, ; eyat [xev yap oiofxat rot? w 
 iXevOepoL<; pieylcrTiqv dvdyKiqv rrjv virep tmv irpay- 
 [jbdrcov ala^vvqv elvat. r) /^ovXeaOe, eiTre jxol, Trepu-' 
 toi^res avTCtiv irvvOdveaO ai • " Xeyerat rt Kaivov ; 
 yivoiTO yap dv tl Kaivorepov rj Ma/ceSw^' dvrjp 'A0rj- i -.^ 
 vatov^ KaranoXeixcov /cat rd tcov 'EXXijuayu OLOiKa>v ; is 
 
 il " Te6ur]Ke ^tXtTTTTOS ; " " ov /act At', dXX' da-Oeveir 
 TL 8' u/u.ti/ hia^ipei ; /cat ydp cti^ oSro? rt TrdOr), 
 ra^eoj? u/xet? erepov ^iXiinrov TTOLijcreTe, av irep 
 oijTCti irpocre^Te rot? Trpdy fxaai tov vovv ovoe ydp ^ ^ 
 ovTO's Trapd ttji/ avTov pcoixrjv ToaovTov eTrrjv^rjTaL 20 
 
 12 oorov Trapd ttjv rjfxeTepav d/xeXetav. /catrot /cat 
 TovTo • et rt TrdOov /cat rd rrj? TV)(r)<? r)ixiv, tj irep 
 del j^eXriov rj T^jitet? rjficou avTOiv emfxeXovpeOa, /cat 
 TovT eqepyacraiTO, la-u OTL{7rX7)(riov p.evoi'Te<;,\a7rQ^-t^^u^jf^ 
 criv dv Tol<; npdyixaa-L Terapayixevoi^ i7ncrTdvT€<; m ' 
 1 0770)9 jSovXecrOe iSL0LK7](TaLcr$e; &)? Se ^-w e^i^ere, ovSe 
 otoo^'TW^' raj^* Kaipuiv ' A/xc^tTToXtz^ Se^acrOaL SvpataO' 
 av, dTTrjpTTjfMevoL /cat rats irapacrKeva'v; Kai rats 
 yi'w/xat?.
 
 KATA <i>IAiniIOT A. 7 
 
 n? fjL€u ovv Set TO. irpocri^Kovra iroieiv ideXouraq 13 
 VTrap^eiv arravra^i erot/AO)?, w? iyucoKorcou vjjlwv kol 
 TreireKT fxevoiv, Travofxat Xiyoiv ' top 8e Tpoirov Tr]<s 
 7rapa(rKev7]<; rjv dTraWd^ac dv T(i)v ToiovTOiv irpay- 
 6 fjidrcov r]ixd<i OLojxai, Kal to n\.rjOo<; ocrov, kol 7T6pov<; ■ \ 
 ovaTLua<s ^-qixdroiv, koX raXka cu? dv fJLOt ySeXrto-ra 
 Koi Ta)(i(JTa So/cet napacTKevacrdrjuaL, Koi Sr) ij-etpd- 
 aofiai Xeyetv, Ser)Oelq u/xoii/, w dvhpes ^AOrjualoL, to- 
 crovTOV • eTreiSdv diravra aKovcryjTe, Kpivare, ixr) 14 
 
 10 TTpoTepov TrpoXajx/^dueTe ' fxrjS^ dv i^,dp^rj<; Bok(o 
 TLvv KaLvr)v napacTKevrjv Xiyeiv) dva^dXXieLV jxe rd 
 irpdyixara rjyeicrdo). ov ydp pi " rayy " kol " ttj- 
 fxepov eL7rovTe<i fjidXiCTTa et9 SeW X/yovcrtv {ov ydp 
 dv rd ye -qSr) yeyevrjixevaTrj vw\ 0oiq6eia:KOiXv(fai. 
 
 15 Svvr)deLy)ix€v), dXX' 09 dv Set^rj tl(; TTopiaOeicra na- 15 
 paaKevTj Kat irocrrj /cat irodev Sia/xeu/at hwrjo-eTat, 
 ea>9 av rj OLaXvcrMfxeOa TreicrdevTeq rov TroXejxov rj 
 TreptyevwfxeOa t(ov i^OpSiv • ovto) ydp ovk€tl tov 
 XoLTTov 7racr)(OLfX€v av fcafcoi?. oljxat tolwv iyo) 
 
 20 Tavra Xiyeiv e^eiv, pjr) KOiXvoiv ^ et Tt9 dXA.09 iiray- 
 yeXXerat rt. 17 p.€v ovv v7r6cr^e(Ti<; ovrco jxeydXr), 
 TO oe Trpdyjxa yj^rj tov eXey)(ov Bcoaet • KpiToX 8* 
 v/xet? eo-e(T$€. 
 
 UpcjTov [xev TOLWV, &) dvBpeq * AOrjvaLoi, Tpirjpeiq 16 
 
 26 irevTrfKovTa napacTKevdaaaOat (fyrj/xL Selv, etr' av- 
 Tov<; OVTO) ra? yv(Ofjia<; e)(€Lv o)?, idv tl Serj, nXeU'^ 
 (TTeov et? raura? avrot? ifxjSdcnv. rrpoq Se tovtol^ 
 (rot? r)ixLcr€(TL tojv Imrecov tTTTraycuyov? rptT^pet?) koX 
 wXoLa LKOva eytpemcraL KeXevco. Taura fiev otjaat 17
 
 3 TV ATTMOSOENOYS 
 
 Selv virdp^etu eirl ra^ i^ol^i'r)<i ravra? 0.770 x'^? ot- 
 Aceta? ^(opa<; Uvtov (TT/Dareta? et? llvAa? /cat Aeppo- 
 vrjcrov koI "0\vv6ov /cat oVot jSovXeTac • Set yayo 
 e/cetV&> Tovro e^ r^ yucofjiy} Trapda-rrjvai, w? v/xet9'e/c 
 T7J9 d/xeXeta? ravri^? t']^? ayav) axnrep €t5 F^vfioiav s^a^) 
 l^al Trporepov jrore ^acriv et? 'AXtapToi{)/cat|Ta reXev- '' p'*' 
 
 18 TaiqJTrp^r)p €t9 IIt>Xa9, tcrw? av op/xT^cratre. ourot 
 V TravreXoi? ovS* et /u-t) TTOirjcraiT av tovto, a>9 eycoye 
 
 .^jUU ^T^jat Seu^, €VKaTd(l)p6vr)T6v icTTLv', or "^ ota tw <^o-^ 
 ^ot* etSft)? evrpeTreLS v/xa? (etcrerat yap d/cpt^cu?* lo 
 etcrt ydp, etcrtv ot ttolvt i^ayyeWovref; eKeivo) Trap J 
 7]fjL0)v avTOiv TTAetov? Tov oeoz^To?) lycrv^tai^ ^?7' ''? 
 TTapiScov Tavra a(f)vXaKTO<; A.r)(f)0y, /xT^oew? ovto<; i.tdC 
 
 19 Kaipov. ravra jxev icTiv a iracn oeod^^at ^i^/xt is 
 Seu^ /cat trapecTKevdcrOai vpocnJKeLv ot/xat • VpoS Se 
 TOVTOiv ^vvayiiv riva, a) dvope^ KOr^ycuoi, (ji'rjixi npo- 
 ^eipicracruai oeiv v/xa?, 7^ crui^e^oj? TToAe/xTycret /cat 
 KaKO)^ eKeivov iroiiqcreL, jxtj /xot ixvptov? fjL7]0€ otcr- 
 fxvpLov^ ^€POv^, /xT^Se ' rd? enLcxTokLfjLaCovs raura? 20 
 Svi^d/xet"?, dXX '^ T779 TToXew? ear at, [kou v/xet9 ei/a 
 
 Kav ttXelovs Kau Tov oeiva Kav ovrivovv 'vetpoTovrj- ut' ii 
 (T'r]Te (TTparriyov, TovTU) Treiaerai /cat aKokovoiqcreir' » ^c"^ 
 
 20 '<^a't rpo^Tjv ravirj Tropicrai /ceXei^w. ecrrat 8' auxT^ 
 Tt? T^ Swayat? Kat Trocrr), Koi Trodev ttjv rpo(f)r)v e^et, 25 
 Kat TTOJ? ravr eOeXrqcrei TTOielv ; iyo) (^pacrco, /ca^' 
 eKacTTOv rovTOiv hie^tayv ^wpt?. ^ivov<^ fxei^ Xeycj — 
 /cat OTTftJ? /X77 TTOiTjaeTe ^ o TToXXct/ct? v/xct? e/BXa^eu • 
 TTOLVT iXaTTCo voixlt,ovTe<5 elvat tov Seouro's, /cat rd
 
 RATA <i)IAinnOT A. 9 
 
 fxeyicrr h^ rot? xjjrjcfiLcrixacnv alpovixeuoi, eTrt T(p 
 vpoLTTeLV ovSe TOi fjLLKpa TTOtetre • dXXa ret fxLKpa 
 770117 crat're? J /cat Troptcrai^re? , tovtol<; Trpocnidere, av 
 iXaTTCo (jyaLurjTai. \iyoi Srj rov? TrdpTa^ (Trpartwra? 21 
 
 5 St(T^tXtov9, TovTcov Se ^ Adr)vaLov9 ^iqixi heiv elvai 
 vefTaKOcriovs, i^ rj'i av Tivo<^ vpA,v -qXiKLas Ka\(o<s 
 €)(eLV SoKTJ, ^ovov TaKTOv (TTpaTevofJievovs, p-r) pa- 
 Kpov rovTov, dXX' ocrov av Sokyj KaXw? e^eiv, eK 
 StaSo^"^? dXXi^Xoi? • Toij^ 8' ak\ov<; ^evov^ elvav 
 
 10 KeXevoj. Kal pera rovTOiv LTnrea^ StaKocrtov?, Kat 
 
 TOVTCOV TTCVTiJKovTa ' AOrjvatov? TovXa-^LCTTOV, ojanep 
 
 ^Tov<; TTC^ov?, Tov avTov TpoTTov (TTpoLTevopevov; ' Kat 
 
 tTTTrdycoyoi'? tovtol<?. elev • t'l Trpo? tovtol^ en ; 22 
 
 ra^Y^ta? TpLy]peL<; Se'/ca • Set yctp, e)(ovTO<i eKetvov 
 
 15 i/avrtAcw, Krai Ta^eioiv Tptrjpcov rjplv, orroi^ acr^aXw? 
 
 Tf Swa/x,i? TrXerj. noOev Stj totjtol<? rj Tpocf)rj yevrj- 
 
 (rerat ; eya> /cat rovro (fypacrco /cat oetgw, ineLoav, 
 
 '' StoTt TiqXiKavTiqv ano^^prjv oipai ttjv O'vvapLv Kat 
 
 TToXtra? TOV? cTTpaTevopevov; elvat KeXevo), OLoago). ''^ 
 
 20 TocravTrjv ^:UJL> ^ avSpes 'AOrjvaXoL, otct raura, ort 23 
 
 ou/c €vt i^w T^/z-t^' TTopicracrOai oiJvapLv ttjv eKetvco 
 
 napaTa^opevqv, aXXa XrjcrTeveLv avayKiq /cat tovtoj 
 
 tS Tponcp tov TToXepov xprjaOai ttjv TrpcoTrjv • ov 
 
 '*'^^ TOLvvv vTTepoyKov qvTTJv {ov yap ecxTi piaOo'^ ovoe 
 
 25 Tpocfiiq) ovSe iravTeXax; TaTreivrjv elvai Set. TToXtra? 
 S_e napelvai /cat crvpirXeLv Std ravra /ceXeuw, ort /cat 
 
 TrpOTepOV TTOT aKOVCi) ^eVLKOV Tpe(f)eLV iv 1^0pLVUQ)> 
 
 TTjv ttoXlv, OV HoXvcTTpaTo^ TjyeLTO Kat \^iKpaTr]<; 
 Kat Xa,8pta9 /cat dXXot rtve?, Kat avTov^ vfta? (nj-
 
 10 IV. AHMOSGENOTS 
 
 24 (TTpctTevecrd at • /cat otSa olkovcjv otl AaKeoaifxoviov? 
 TraparaTTOfJiei'OL fxeB" vjxoiv ivLKcou ovtol ol ^ivoi /cat 
 VfX€L<; ixer eKeuxov. eq ov o avra tcau avra ra 
 ^ei/iKCL vfuu (TTpareveTai, tov'^ <^tXov9 i^t^a /cat tov<; 
 crup.p.(X)(ov<;, ol 8' i^Opol /xet^ovs roO Seo^'ro9 yeyo- 5 
 vacTiv. /cat irapaKv^avTa evrt ro^' r^? 7rdX.eaj9 TrdXe- 
 ftot', 77/009 ^ KpTa^atpv /cat iravTa^oi fxaXkov ot^erat 
 irkeovTa, 6 Se ctt pariqyo'^ aKoXovdei, et/cdrco?* ou yap 
 
 25 ecrrtf ap^eiv (jltj StSwra [xlctOov. rt ow /ceXevcu; ra? 
 7rpo(f)dcreL<; d^eXett' /cat rov crrpaT'iqyov Kat t&ji^ w 
 CTTparioiT^v, jXLcrOov iroptaavTa^ Kat (XTpaTioiTaq 
 ot/cetov? wcnrep i7r67rTa<; rdv o-rp<xTt]yov\xivoyv Trapa- 
 KaracTTiqcravTa^, iirel vvv ye ye\a»? ecr^' cu? -^cofieOa 
 rot? TrpdryixacTiv. et yaya epono rt? v/^ct?, " elprjviqv 
 ayere, &> avope<^ KoiqvaioL ; , [xa At ov^ T^jLtet? i5 
 
 26 ye." eiTToir au, " aXXa <I>tA.t7r7rw Tro\ep,ovp.€i>. ovk 
 i)(eLpoTovetTe Se e^ vficov avTcov 8e/ca ra^tap^ov? /cat 
 (rTpaT7)yov<; Kat ^vXap^ov? /cat lTnrap^ov<^ Svo ; rt 
 oSt' ovTot TTOtovcrti/ ; ttXt);/ ez^o? di^Spd?, 6i/ at' eKTrefx- 
 xfir)Te iirl rov noXeixou, ol Xolttol ra? Tro/xTra? TrejXTrov- .20 
 (Ttv v/xtf /zero, tojv lepoiroicDV • axnrep yoLp ot TrXar- 
 Toi^re? rov? TrrjXLvov^, et? tt7v ayopav -^eipoToveire 
 Tov? ra^tctp^ov? /cat rov? (fyvXdp^ov?, ovk im toj/ 
 
 27 TToXefxop. ov yap i^rjv, w di>^pe<; ^ AdrfvaloL, ra^idp- 
 ^ov? Trap' vp-oiv, iTnrap^ov Trap vjxoiv, ap^ovTa<i 25 
 oiKelov^ eivai, Iv rjv &><? akrjOco^ t^9 TrdXeoj? t^ owa- 
 /xt9 ; dXX' et9 p-ei/ Arj/xvov rov Trap vfxoiv nnrap^ov 
 Set TrXetz/, rwv S' vvrep rwi/ 7^9 7rdXe&J9 Kriqp.dT(iiv 
 ayojo/itpixii/oiv Mevekaov LTTirap^eLV ; /cat ov toi/
 
 RATA *IAinnOT A. "H 
 
 i^ 
 
 dvBpa fjie[JL(f)6iJL€i'o<; Tavra Xeyco, dXX' v(^* v/xcou eSet 
 Ke^eipoTovTjjxevov eivat tovtov, oVrt? av y. 
 
 I(Tws oe TavTa fxeu 6pdco<; rjyeLcrOe XeyecrOat, to 28 
 ^- ~^ Se Tcov -)(prjiJidT(ou, nocra koI noOei/ ecrrat, fj-dkicrTa 
 5 TTOuelre d/covcrat. tovto Srj /cat irepaiuco. -^prjp.ara 
 roivvv ' ecTTL fxeu r) Tpo(f)TJ, crinqpeaiov jxauov rfj Sv- 
 vafxei ravTT), raXaura iu€UT]K0UTa /cat [xiKpou rt Trpo?, 
 oe/ca p-ef vavQ-l ra^etat? TerrapaKovTa rakavTa, €lko- 
 (Tiv et? TT^z^ vaw pval tov piqvo^ eKdcTTov, crrpaTid)- 
 
 10 rat? oe otcr^tXtot? TocravB* erepa, Iva Se'/ca roi) pr^vo'^ 
 6 (TTpaTiMTr)<; Spa^pd<; (riTrjpeo-Lov XapjSdvr), rot? 
 o LTTTTevori ota/cocrtot? ovcrtv, idv jpidKovTa opa-^pd^ 
 eKacTTO'^ Xap^dvTj tov piqvo'^, SwSe/ca TdXavTa. el 29 
 oe Tt9 oterat piKpdv di^opprju elvai, criTrjpicnov rot? 
 
 15 a-TpaTevop€UOL<i vrrdp^eiv, ovk opOo)^ eyucoKcv • eyo) , 
 yap oloa (ra(f)co^ ort, tovt dv yewqTai, Trpocnropiei 
 ra XotTra avro to crTpdTevpa dno tov iroXepov, ov- 
 oeva. Tcov '^FiXXrjvoiv dSt/cow ovoe tmv crvppdj^oiv. 
 cocTT ■€)(eiv picroov evTehrj. eyo) crvpiT Aecuv eoekov- 
 
 20 T^'i Trdcr^eiv OTioxnr eTotpo^, idv prj TavO^ ovt(d<; 
 ^XV- T^odei/ ovu 6 TTopo? Tojz/ -)(pr)pdTcoi', d nap^ 
 vpdiv KeXevix) yevecrOai, tovt rjhy) Xe^co. 
 
 nopor AnoAEisrs, 
 
 *A ph^ rjpeL<;, o) dvSp€<; ' AOrjvaLOL, heSvvtjpeOa 30 
 evpcLv, TavTd iaTiv • ineiSdv 8' iTTL^etpoTovrJTe Td<; 
 25 yv(iipa<;, av vpa> dpecTKy, ^eipoTovrjcreTe, iva prj 
 povov iu rot? xfjr)(f)Lcrpaai /cat iu rat? e7rto"ToXat? 
 TToXeprJTe <l>tXt777r6j, dXXd /cat rot? epyoLS.
 
 X2 IV. AHMOSGENOYS 
 
 31 AoAcetre Se /xot ttoXv /bVXrtoj' ai^ Trepi tov TroXe/xov 
 /cat 0X17? Try? Trapa(TKevrj<; ^ovkev a acrd at, el tov to- 
 TTOV, o) aV8pe9 " K6r)vaZoi, Trj<g ^a^pas, tt/do? r)^ ttoXc- 
 /ACtre, evdvixrjdelrjTe, /cat XoyiaaLcrOe on rot? irvevixa- 
 o"t /cat rats wpat? rov erov? ra TroXka 'irpoXafx^avajiv 5 
 StaTT/aarrerat <I>tXt7r7ro9, Kat <f)vkd^a<; Tov<i eTiqcria^ 
 
 ri TOV ^eifJLwva eTn^eipei, rjvLK av r)fxeL<; jjlt] SvpaifxeOa 
 
 32 e/cetcre acf)LKe<rdai. Set Toivvv TavT iudvixovix€i>ov<; 
 fXTj /SorjOeLaL'i TroXeyueiv {vcrTepiovixev yap airavTOiv) 
 aWa napacTKevfi (Tvpe^el /cat Svz^a/xet. virdp^ei S' 10 
 u/xtv ^etjU,aStaj jitev ^(pyjcrOaL [Trj SwafxeLj AtJjjlpcp /cat 
 ©acra» /cat %Kiddai /cat rat? e^ rovrcu tco tottw i^ri- 
 orot?, e^ at? /cat Xt/xeVe? /cat crtro? /cat a ^^17 crrpa- 
 TevjxaTL ndvB' vndp^eL • r^gi^ S' wpa// rou eTov^,(pTe 
 /cat 7r/309 T^ yT^ yeveadai pdhiov koI to toxv Tivevfid- is 
 Tcoi/ acr^aXeV, 7rpo9 aur^ T/^ X^P^f ^^^^ 7rpo<; rots rwv 
 ijxTTopLcov cTTOfxaaL /aaStw? ecrrat. ^ /<^ d<j:^ 
 
 33 '^A jLie^ ow -^rjcreTaL Koi ttotc Ty ^wdfxei, napa 
 
 TOV KaipOV 6 TOVTCOP KVpLO<; KaTaCTTOL'? V(j) VfXa)l\) 
 
 ^ovkevcreTai • a S' virdp^at Set Trap' vjjLoyv, tclvt 20 
 icTTiv a eyo) yeypa(j)a. av TavTa, o) avSpe? ' AOrjvaioi, 
 TTopiarjTe to, ^i^jLtara irpoiTov a Xeyco, etra Kat rdXXa 
 7Tapa(TKevdcrapT€<;, tov<; crTpaTia)Ta<;, ra? Tpirfpei^, 
 Tov<; tTTTrea?, euTekrj Trdcrav ttjv h-uvajxiv, vojjlo) Kara- 1^ 
 /cXetcrryre evrt rw TroXe/xo) fxiveiv, tcov jxev ^T^/xarwi^ 25 
 avrot ra/xtat /cat TTopLcrToi yiyvofxevoi, t(ov ok Trpd- 
 ^e(ov napd tov crTpaTrjyov tov Xoyov t,r}T0vvTe<;, 
 rravcrecrO^ del irepi tu>v avTa)v ^ovXevofxevoL /cat 
 
 34 irXeov ovhev Trotovvre?, /cat ert tt/do? tovto) irpcoTov
 
 10 
 
 KATA <I>IAinnOY A. 13 
 
 /xev, 0) dvope<; * KOiqvaioi, rov jxeytcrTov tmu eKetvov 
 TTopoiv a^aipiqcrea-Oe. ecm 8' ovto'? tC<; ; oltto tojv 
 vfxeTepoiv vfXLv TroXe/xet (Tvixp^d^cov, dyoiv /cat (jiipoiv 
 TOv<; TT\eovTa<; ttjp OakarTav. eTretra rt tt/do? tovto) ; 
 
 5 '^v Trdcr^ew avrol Kaiio)^ e^oj yeurjcrecrOe, ov^ oicr- 
 irep Tov TTapekOovTa ^ovov et? Arjfipoi' /cat 'ip^^pov 
 iyi^akwv at^/xaXwrov? TroXtra? vjxeT€pov<; w^er' 
 e)(cov, 77/309 T&> TepaiCTTa) to, nXola (rvXka/Boji' dfxv- 
 0r)Ta ^rjixaT e|eXe^e, ret reXevrata et? Mapadu)ua 
 airefir] /cat rryi' tepaz^ 0,770 ttjs X(opa<5 io^er e)(oiv 
 Tpirjpy), u/xet? 8' ovre ravra Swacr^e KOikveiv ovt 
 et? Tou? xpovovf;, ov? cti/ irpodrjcrde, ^oiqOeiv. /cat- 35 
 rot Tt 017 TTore, w dvSpe<; ' AOrjvaLoi, vofjii^ere rrju 
 fxeif TUiv UavaOrjuaicov kopTTjv /cat ttjv to)v Alovv- 
 
 15 crtcoi^ dec tov Ka6rJKOvTO<i ^ovov yiyveaOat, dv re 
 eivoi A.a'^aicrLV av re totwrat ot tovtov eKarepoiv 
 €77'tjLteXov/xev6t, et? a rocravr' di/aXtcr/cerat ^py^p^ara 
 bcra ovo et? o'a rwi/ dirocTTokoiv, /cat rocrovrov 
 o^Xoz^ /cat 7rapa(TKevr)i> ocrrji/ ovk olo et n to)v 
 dTrdvTOiv €^et, rov? o drrocTTokov^ TTdvTa<; vpiu 
 vcrrepit^eiv tcou Kaipotv, tov et? Medcovrju, tov et? 
 ITayacra?, tov et? IIoTtSatav ; ort e/ceu^a /xe?^ dircw- 36 
 ra vopci) rera/crat, /cat irpoocSev eKao-ro? vputv e/c 
 7roXXov rt? ^oprjyo'^ rj yv^vaaiap^o^; Trj<; (^vX^?, 
 7roTe /cat napd tov koI tivol Xa^ovTa tl. Set noielv, 
 ovSev dve^eTacTTov ovS' dopccTTOv ev tovtol'^ rjpeXy]- 
 rat, iv Se rot? 7re/9t rov jroXep^ov koL tjJ tovtov 
 TrapacTKevrj ara/cra dStopdcoTa dopicTTa anavTa. 
 TOLyapovv a/xa dKrjKoapev tl Kai Tpirjpap^ovs /ca- 
 
 20
 
 14 IV. AHMOSGENOrS 
 
 BlcTTaixev Kcii tovtol<; ai^rtSocret? rroLovixeOa Koi irepl 
 ^TjixaTOiv TTopov cTKOTTOvixeu, Kttt yu,era ravra eju,- 
 /BaCveLu Tov<; jxeToiKovi eSo^e /cat tou? X^P^^ oIkovu- 
 
 37 Ttt?, etr' avTov<? ttoXw, elr dpTeix/3i/3a[,eLP, elr Iv 
 ocrco ravTa /xeXKeTai, TrpoanoXcoXe to i(f> o au e/c- 5 
 TTAecofxei' ' Tov yap tov irparTeiv ^ovou et? ro irapa- 
 (TKevat^ecrO ai avaXicTKOfxev, ol Se tojv Trpayp^aroiv ov 
 jxeuov(TL Kaipoi rrjv r^fxerepap ^paSvTrjra koI elpoi- 
 veiav. a? he rov fiera^v ^ovov hvvdixei'^ olofjieO' 
 rjjxiv vTrdp^eiv, ovoev olai re ovcraL ttolelu in avruiv m 
 T(i)v KaipMv i^ekey^ovTai. 6 8' et? tovO' v^peoj<; 
 iXyjXvdei' ojctt' iincrTeWeiv YLv/Soevcnp rorj TOiavTa<; 
 eVtcrroXct?. 
 
 EnilTOAAI. 
 
 38 TovTcov, o) dpope<? ^ A.6rjvaxoi, tcjv dpeypcocrixepcov 
 dXyjOrj fxei' icrri rd noXXd, o)? ovk eSet, ov fxrjv dXX' ^' 
 tcra>? ov)(^ r]oea dKO'uew. dXX' el jxep, ocra ap ri? 
 vjrep/3rj tco Xoyw, ipa [jlt) Xvirrjcrrj, /cat ret irpdy ^ara 
 vTrep^TjcreTaL, Set tt/oo? rjSoprjp SrjjxrjyopeiP ' el h' r] 
 t6l)p Xoycop -^apL<?, ap y fxyj TrpocrrjKovcra, epyoi tprj^ia 
 yiyperai, alcr^^ov ecrrw, a> aVope? ^ A.6rjpaioi, (pepa- 20 
 Kil^eLP eavTov<;, koX dirapT dpajSaXXojxepov^ d ap y 
 
 39 hv(T)(eprj irdvTOiP vcrTepit^etp tcop epycop, /cat jxrjhe 
 TovTo SvpacrOai fxaOeip, otl oet tov<; 6p6co<; TroXep.co 
 -^poj/xepov; ovk dKoXovOecp rot? Trpayy^acrip, dXX 
 avrov? ejXTrpoa-Oep eipai tcop TrpayfxdTCJp, /cat top 25 
 avTov TpoTTOP axTTTep TCOP o-TpaTevfjidT(i)v d^iotaeii 
 Tt9 av TOP (TTpaTrjyop riyelcrdai, ovt(o /cat tcop npay-
 
 RATA <MAinnOT A. 15 
 
 jxarcou tov<? ^ovkevoixevov;, Xv a av e/ceti^ot? So/c^, 
 ravra TrpaTrrjTaL /cat fxr) to. avfJc/SdiuTa avayKat,o)v- 
 rat oi(i)KeLV. v//,et<? oe, a> ctVSpe? 'AOr^valoi, TrXeicr- 411 
 TT7I/ ovvafjiLP airoMTOJv e^oi^re?, rptt^pet?, OTrXtra?, itt- 
 
 5 77ea9, ^r)ixdT(x)v npocroSop, rovroiv [xeu l^^XP'' '^V'^ 
 TTJfJiepou r]ix€pa<; ovSeul ncoTroTe et? Seoi' tl Ke)(prj(T0e, 
 ovSeu o' wrrokeiTTere, oicnrep ol (^dp^apoi nvKTev- 
 ovcTLv, ovToi TToXefxelu ^PlXlttttco. Kol yoip eKeivoiv 6 
 TrX'qyeL^ aet rrjs 7rXy]yrj<i e^erat, kolu erepcocre na- 
 
 10 Ta^rf^, iKelcre elcnv at ^elpe^ • Trpo/SaXXeaOaL 8' rj 
 /3XeVetj/ ivavTiov ovt otoev ovr' iOeXeu. /cat v/^tet?, 41 
 eat^ ei^ ^eppovrjcrco irvOiqcrOe ^ikLTnrov, iKelcre fior)- 
 Oelv xjj-qcfiLS^ecrde, edp eu IlvXat?, iKelcre, idv akXoOi 
 TTOV, crvfxwapaOelTe dpco kolto), /cat cnparrjyelcrde 
 
 15 fxev vn e/cetVou, ^ef^ovXevaOe S' ovSez^ avTol (rvfi- 
 (jiepou Trepl tov TroXefxov, ovhe irpo tcou TTpayfiaTOiv 
 TT poo pare ovSeu, irpiv av r) yeyeinqp^evov r yiyvo- 
 fxevov Tl TT-uOrjorOe. ravTa 8' tcrws irpoTepov fxep 
 eprjp • uvu 8e eV avTTjv rjKei ttji/ a.Kfx'qu, wcrr ovKer 
 
 20 ey)((t)pel. So/cet 8e' />tot ^ec3^' rt?, w ai^Spe? ^Adrj- 42 
 valoi, T0L<^ yLyvoixeuoL<i vnep r^? TToXeco? atcr^vi'o- 
 p.evo'i Ty]v <^iXoTTpayp.ocrvvr]v Tavrrju ijx^aXeiv ^i- 
 XiTTTTco. el yap er^oiv 6 KarecrrpaTTTai /cat TrpoeiXiq- 
 (f)eu y^cTv^iav ^)(€.iv yjOeXe Kal fxrjoei/ eirparTep ert, 
 
 25 diro^rjv iuioL^ vfxcov du /tot 8o/c€t, e^ oii/ aia^vvqv 
 KoX dvavhpiav /cat irdvra rd atcr^tcrra dj<f)Xr)KOTe<; 
 av rjfxev Sr^/^tocrta • I'Oi^ 8' iTn\eip(x)v det rti^t Kat row 
 TrXetovo? opeyofxevo^ tcrw? at* iKKoXecraw v/xa?, 
 eiTTep ixrj TrauTdiracTLU direyucoKaTe. dav^xat/j) o 43
 
 J5 IV. AHMOSeENOTS 
 
 eyoiye, el jutTySeW vfxcov [jliiJt evSvixelrai ixtjt opyc^e- 
 rat, opoiVy u) aVSpe? " Xdiqvaioi, ttju fxev apy^-qv rov 
 TroXefxov yeyeviqixev'iqv nepl tov TiixoiprjcracrOai ^i- 
 Xnrrrov, rr]v Se TeXevTrjv ovcrav rjhr] virep tov fxr) 
 TraOelv /ca/c&j? vrro ^lXlttttov. dXXa jxtju on ye ov 5 
 cmfcreTat, SrjXou, el [xij Ti<i KOjXvcrei. elra tovt 
 avajxevovixa^, Kat rpviqpei<i Kevd<^ Kai ret? napa tov 
 Belvo^ iXTTiSaq lav aTTOCTTeiXrjTe, ttovt e^eiv oiecrde 
 
 44 /caXoi? ; ovk ejx^iqcroixeOa ; ovk e^Lfxeu avTot piipei 
 ye Tivi (TTpoLTHoTOiv oiKeicxiv vvv, el koL [xt] irpoTepov ; u 
 OVK CTfl Tr]v eKeivov TrXevcroixeda ; TloZ ovv npocrop- 
 IxLovfJieOa ; yjpeTO rts. evprjcrei to. craOpd, w av- 
 Spes "AdrjpaloL, tcov eKeivov TrpayixaTcou avTo<; 6 
 TToXe/xo?, av e7rL)(eipa)jxev • av fxevTot KadcofieOa 
 oiKOL, XoiSopovfJievcov dKovovTe<; kcI alTLcofievcuv is 
 aXXTi]Xov<; twv Xeyovrcav, ovSeiroT ov^ev rjfjuv ov fXTj 
 
 45 yevrjTai twv heovTov. oTroi,,,p,€v yoLp av, ot/xat, /xe- 
 po<? Ti Trj<; TToXeoj? crvvaTTocrTaXy, kolv ixtj nacra, *cat 
 TO Tcov 6e(x)v evp.eve'i koI to rrj? rv^r^? crvvayo)vit,e- 
 rai • OTTOt 8' dv CTTpaTrjyov kol r/zT^c^tcr/^ta Kevov /cat ao 
 Td<; diro tov /ByjfidTO^ eXTn'Sa? eKTrefixjjyjTe, ovSev 
 vpHv T(ov SeovTcov yiyveTai, dXX' ol fiev ey(6po\ Kora- 
 yeXoioriv, oi he (XVjJifxa^oL TeOvdcn ra> Sect Tov<i tol- 
 
 46 ovTov<; aTTOcrroXov?. ov yap ecrTiv, ovk ecTTLv eva 
 dvSpa SvvrjdyjvaC ttotc TavO* v/xlv irpd^ai TrdvO* ocra 25 
 /3ovXecr6e' virocr^eaOai i^ivToi Kat (ftrjcraL /cat tov 
 Selva oiTidcracrOai /cat tov heZva , ecTTiv. ra Se 
 TTpdyixaTa e/c tovtcov dTToXcoXev otov yap rjyrJTat 
 jxev 6 crrparT^yog ddXiwv diroixlaOoiv ^evo)v, ol o
 
 KATA <MAliniOT A. 17 
 
 VTrep o)v av iK€Luo<; Trpd^r) irpos Uyaa? xjjevSofxeuoL 
 paoi(o<; evuao ojcrw, u/xet? o eg div av aKovcrrjTe o 
 Ti av TV)(r]Te xfjirjipil^'qcrOe, tl /cat ^rj npoaSoKap ; 
 Hois ovv ravra vavcreTat ; oTav v/xets, S) dvSpe^ 4^ 
 
 5 AOrjvaloL, tov<; avTov<; dTTO^et^rjTe crrpartajras koX 
 p.apTvpa<; tcov cnpaTriyovixivoiv /cat St/cacrra? ot/caS' 
 iX06vTa<; tcov evOvvcov, wcrre /air) aKOvetv fjLOvov v/xa? 
 ra vfjierep avrojv, dXkd Kal Trapovraq bpdv. vvv S* 
 ets TovO' TjKei rd wpdyixaTa atcr^wr^i?, cocTTe twi/ 
 
 10 (TTparr)y(ov e/cao"T09 8t? Kat rpt? Kpiverai Trap vfjuv 
 Trepu vavarov, Trpo? oe rov? e^upov<^ ovoet? ofoe 
 aira^ avTiov dycovicracr 6 at irepl Oavdrov ToXfjid, 
 aXXd rov tcov dvopaTrooiCTTCov Kal Xcottoovtcov ddva- 
 Tov fjioXXov alpovvf ai tov irpocT'qKovTO'i • KaKovp- 
 
 15 yov jxev ydp icm KpidevT dirodavelv, crrpaTqyov Se 
 fxa^ofxevov rot? 7roA.€//,tct?. rffiaJv S' ot jxev irepuov- 48 
 re? ^era AaKeS aLixoviayv (fiacrl 't^iXcTn LOV TrpdrreLv 
 Trjv ®yjf3aL0)v KardXvcnv koI ra? TroXtreta? hiacnrdv, 
 oi 8' o)? Trpea/SeL^ 7^e770/x(^e^' w? ^acriXea, ol 8' a/ 
 
 20 'iXXvptots TToXef; rei^it,eiv, ol Se — Xdyows nXaTTov- 
 re? eKacTTo^ Treptep^o/xe^a. eyw o' olfJLat [jl€v, at 49 
 dvSpe<; ^Ad7]va7oi, vrj tov<; deovs eKelvov jxeOveiv rw 
 fxeyeOec tcov Trenpayixevajv Kal iroXXa rotaura oi^et- 
 poTToXelv iv TTj yvcJoixT), Tr)v t eprfixiav TOiv kojXv- 
 
 25 crovTcov opcovra koX toI'^ 7reTTpay[X€voi<; eTrrjpp.evov, 
 ov fjLevTOi ye /xa At' ovtco irpoaipeZcrOaL Trparreiv, 
 Oicne Tovs dvorjTOTdTov^ tojv Trap' rjixlv etoevai ti 
 fieXXet TTOieZv iKe?vo<; • dvorjTOTaTOL yap eicriv ol 
 XoyoTTOLovvTC'^. dXX' idv d<^eWts" tuvt eKelvo etSoi- 50
 
 18 IV. AHMOSGENOYS KATA *IAinnOT A. 
 
 jttev, OTL i^dpo<i av6p(07ro<s kul ra-rjixerepa r][jLa<s 
 aTTOcrTepel koX ^ovov ttoXvv vppcKe, koI airavd* 
 ocra TTcoTTOT rj\.'n£g;ap.a^ Tiva Trpd ^etp vnep r)[x(ov 
 
 t-^ Kad' r)fx(ov evpy]Tai, kcu tol Xoltto. ii^_avjaL^_J^lj/ t^*-"^ 
 icTTL, KOiv jxrj vvv iOeXcofiev e/cet TroXefieiv avrw, 5 
 evOdS' tcro)? dvayKacrOrjaoixeOa tovto iroieiv, — au 
 ravTa etSaiynev, koI to, SeWra icrojxeOa iyvoiKore^ 
 Koi Xoycov ixaraioiv aTn^XXcty/xeVot • ov yct-p cltto. 
 TTOT ecrrat Set cTKOTrelv, laXXyort , ^avXy , av fxr) irpocr- 
 ^X'lTe rot? rrpdryixacri top vovv Kai to. TrpoariKovTa 10 
 TToteLV eoekiqr , sev etoeuav* 
 
 51 Eyo) p.€u ovvdm^oiXkoTe TrconoTe Trpo? ^dpiv 
 eiKoixTjv Xiyeiv, o tl av fXTj Kai crvvoicrew TreTreLcrfie- 
 uo'? w, i>vu re a yiyvoiCKOi irdvd' arrXcoq, ovSev vno- 
 crretXa/xet'o?, TTe7rappiqcria.(Tp.ai. i^ovXofxrjv 8* dv, 15 
 axnrep otl vyuv cru/x<^epet tol ^eXTiCTTa aKoveiv otSa, 
 ovTOJS eloiuai crvvoZcrov Koix tco to. ySeXrtcrra ehrovTi • 
 TTokkco yap av tjolov enrov. vvv o err aorjKoL^ overt 
 rot? ttTTO TovTcov ifxavTO) yevrjcrofxevoLS, ojx(o<5 iiri Tca 
 (Tvvoi(Teiv, idv irpd^rjTe, TavTa TreireicrOai Xiyeiv ao 
 axpovp.ai. vLKcfrj 8' o tl Tracriv vp2v jieXXcL cruvoC-
 
 VI. 
 
 KATA c&IAinnOT B. 
 
 Otov, d) dfopef; ' A0r)vaLOL, Xoyot yiyvoiVTai nepi 1 
 6)V 4>tXt7r7ro? Trpctrret koL ^idt^eTai napd ttju elprj- 
 vqv, aet tov^ virep -r^p^chv \6yov<^ koX StAcaiov? /cat 
 ^iKavO pMTTOv; opco (jyaLvofxepoVi, koL Xeyecv fxeu 
 
 5 dTTavTa<i aet rd Seovra SoKovvra^ tov^ KaTTjyopovv- 
 ras <I>tXt7r7rov, yiyi>6ix€vov S' ouSei/ o)? cTros elirelp 
 Tbiv heovTOiu ovS' wi^ eveKa TavT aKoveiv a^tot') "^^ 
 dXX' ets TovTO 1787^ Trporjyfieua rvy^dvei uduTa rd 2 
 Trpdyixara Trj TToXet, ctj<T^' oo"^ ''"'•? ct^ ixdWou koL 
 
 10 (jiavepcoTepou i^e\ey)(rj ^lXlttttov /cat t^v Trpo? u/xag 
 elpiqviqv Trapa/SaCi/ouTa Acat TTcicrt rot? EXX')70■t^' evrt- 
 jBovXevovTa, TocrovTO) to tC )(p7] iroieiv (rvfjiftovXev- 
 crat ^okeTrdiTepov. airiov oe tovto)v, otl 7rdvTe<;, oi 3 
 di>Spe<; ' AOrjvaioi, TOv<i vXeoveKTeLV ^r]Tovi^Ta<s epyo) 
 
 15 K(oXv€LV KOL TTpd^eCTlV, OV^L XoyOt? ScOf, TTpWTOV 
 
 fieu r)fJLeL^ oi Traptoi^re? to'utoju p.€v d<^e(TTajxev, koI 
 ypd<f)eLV KoX crvix/BovXeveLu, ttjv Trpo<s v/xa? dire'^^Oeiav 
 OKuovvTe<i, oTa TTOtet Se, w? oetra /cat yaXeird, ravra 
 Sie^ep^OfxeOa • cTreiB* v/xet? ot KaOrjpiei'oi, &»? ^ei' ai/ 
 80 etnoLTe St/catovs Xo-yov? Kat Xeyo^'To? aXXov crvpeLTjTe, 
 afxeivou ^lXlttttov TrapecrKevacrOe, &)? oe /cwXvo-atr' 
 ai' eKelvov irpdrreiv ravra iff) ojv ecrn vvv, 7^a^'reXc^)? 
 
 19
 
 20 VI. AHMO20ENOY2 
 
 4 apy(t)<; e)(€Te. orvixjSaiveh Srj irpayixa avayKoioVy v 
 oifJLaL, /cat l(T(os eiKO?' iv of? eKarepoi oLarpL/BeTe 
 KOL wepl a cTTTouSa^ere, ravT a^xeivov e/caTepot? 
 e^eLv, €Keivo} fxeu at Trpa^ets, vfilu S' ot Xdyot. et 
 jxeu ovv Kol vvv \iyeiv ot/catorepa v/i-ti^ igapKet, ^-y 
 pa^iov, KoX TTOvos ovSet? TrpocrecrTi rw TrpdyjxaTL • 
 
 5 €t S' oVoj? ra rrapovT inavopOojOijo-eTaL Set cr/co- 
 Treti^, Kat /xt7 npoeXOopTa ert iroppoiripoi XijaeL 
 TTcivTaq rjixa^, /xTyS' eVtcTTTycreTat fxeyeOos Svi^a/xew? 
 
 Vtv*^^ 7rpo9 •^z^ ovS' avrapai hvviqcrojxeOa, ov^ 6 avro? M 
 
 rpoTTO'^ ocnrep vporepou tov ^ovkevecrOai, dXXct 
 Kat rot? \eyovcnv dnacn koX rot? a/cououcrti^ v/xtz/ 
 TO. ySeXr terra /cat ra crcxicrovTa t(ou pdcnoiv /cat twj/ 
 7]hiaT<iiv Trpoaiperiov. 
 
 6 IIpwToi' /xez^, et rt?, c5 dvhpe^ ' AOrji/OLOL, dappet 15>*^ 
 oyawz/ r)\iKo<i 7]Srj /cat ocrwv /cvpto? ecrrt ^tX-tTTTTO?, 
 /cat fxr)^ei>a oterat Kivhvvov <^ipeiv tovto ttj irokei 
 P'TT)^' icj)' vfJLa^; irdvTa TtapaaKevdt^ecrdai, Oavfxd/^a), 
 Kol oerjOrjuaL irdvTOiv b^oioi^ vp.o)v ySouXo/xat rov^ 
 XoyLcrixov<; aKovcrai, fjLov Sta fipa-^eoju, St' ov? rd- 20 
 vavrla iixol 7rapecrT7]K€ npocrooKav koL St' wt* e^- 
 6pov rjyovixaL ^Cknnrov, iv idv jxev iyoj ookoj 
 jSeXxLov irpoopdv, ip-ol neLo-OrJTe, idv S' ot dap- 
 povvTa Koi 7r€7ncrTevK6Te<? avTco, totjtol<; TrpocrOnj- 
 
 7 (T€(r0€. iyo) toivvv, o) dvhpe^ ^ XOr^vaioi, XoyC^Ofxai - 23 
 rivoiv 6 <I>tXt7r7ro9 Kvpio? npcoTov [xerd rrju elpTJurju 
 KarecTTr) ; UvXmi' Kat tcov iv ^w/ceOcrt Trpayixarcov. 
 
 Tt ovv ; TT(o<? TovTOL<; e^rycraro ; a ©Ty^atot? crv/x- 
 (^epet /cat ov;)^ d r^ vroXet, vpdTTeiv TrpoeiXeTO. tl
 
 KATA <!'IAinnOT B. 21 
 
 St] TTOTe ; o7t 7rpo9 irXeove^tav, ot/xac, Kai to ttolvO' 
 v(f) iavT(p TTOL'qcraa'OaL tov<; Xoytcr/xot"? i^eTa^cou, 
 KoX ov TT/Jo? elptjvrju ovS^ rjcrv^iav ovSe St/catoi^ 
 ovSep, etSe tovto opdo)^, otl ttj ^xev ■qfierepa noXet 8 
 
 5 Kal rot? rjOecri toIs rjixeTepoc^ ovhei' av euhei^ano 
 TocrovTOv ovSe TroLTjaeiev, v^ ov ireiaOivTe^ v/xet9 ' 
 Trj<? tSta? epcK w^eXeta? tcov dXkcojKTLi'a'; j'^EXXijucou 
 e/cetVo) vpoeLcrOe, akXa Koi tov ot/catou Xoyov ttolov- 
 jxei'OL, Koi Ty]v rrpocrovarav dSo^iav rw TrpdyjxarL 
 
 10 (pevyovTe'?, koI irdvO' a irpocrrjKei npoopcoixeuoL, 
 ofJLOLOj'^ ivavTioicreade, av tl tolovtou imx^tpfj 
 TrpaTTeiv, (oicnrep dv elj TToXefxovvTes Tv^otre. tov'; 9 
 Se Syj/Saiov? rj-yecTo, onep (TvvejSrj, dvTi twu eavrot? 
 yiyvoixivoiv Ta Xonrd edcreiv ottw? ^ovXerai irpdr- 
 
 15 retu eavTou, /cat ov)(^ ottcd^; )dvrnrpd^eiv kox Sta/c&)-v^ 
 XvcreLV, dKXd koL crvcrTpaTevcreiv, av avTOv^ KeXevj). 
 Kal vvv Tov<; M.ecrcrrjvLov'i Kai rov<^ Apyetov; Tavra 
 vTT€iXrj<^oi<i ev evrotet. o Kal jxeyLcrTOP ecrrt /ca^' 
 v[x(op iyK(iip.iov, M dpSpe<; ^ XOiqvaioi • KEKpicOe yap 10 
 
 20 €K TovTOiv TOiv cpycop fiovoL T(x>v TTOPTOiv fjirjoepos dp 
 /cepSov? rd KOLpd St/cata t(op 'FiXXyjpcjp irpoiaOai, 
 jxrjK dpTaXXd^acrOai /xi^Se/Ata? ^dpiTO<i p/q^^ ox^e- 
 Xeta? rr]P et? rov? 'EXXT^z^a? evpouap. Kai javT eiKO- 
 TO)^ Kal irepi vpwp ovt(o<^ uTretXi^^e /cat /car KpyeioiP 
 
 25 /cat &r)fiaLOJP' w? erepcoy ov popop et? to, napopra 
 opoip, dXXd Koi ret Trpo rovrcov XoyL^opepo<?. evpc- 1] 
 (T/cet yap, oi/xai, /cat aKouet tov? /xe^' vperipov^ 
 irpoyopoVi, i^op aurot? rwt' Xolttcop ap^etp FaXXi/jpcop 
 ato'T avTovs viraKoveiy /SacrtXet, \ou p.6pov ovk ai'a-
 
 22 VI. AHMOSGENOYS 
 
 cr^oixevov? tov \6yov tovtov, rjviK rjXOeu 'AXe^av- 
 S/305 6 TovTcou Trpoyovo'i irepl tovtoju Krjpv^, dXXa 
 /cat rrjv ^copau iKkiTTeiv TrpoeXofxevov'? /cat iradelu 
 OTiovv vTTO/xetVaj^ra?, , /cat yaera ravra 7rpd^avTa<i 
 ravd' a 77■a^'Te? del yXi^ovrai Xeyeiv, d^toj? 8' ovSet? 5 
 elireiv SeSwrjTat, OLonep Kayoj TrapaXeixpa) St/catw? 
 {ecTTi yap jxeit^ova jaKeivoiv epya rj w? tio Xoyco rt? 
 av eiTTOi), Tov<i oe Srf/Baicop koL ' ApyeCoji^ npoyovov^ 
 TOV'? jxev (TvcrTpaT€vcrapTa<? rw ^ap/3dpa), tov<; S' 
 
 12 ovK ivavTi(ii6ivTa<;. oihev ovv dp.<^oTepov<i tSta to i" 
 XvcriTeXovv dya7n]crouTa<;, ou^ 6 tl (rvvoicrei KOLurj 
 rot? EXXi^crt (TKexpoixevov?. rjyecT ovv, el jxeu v/ao,? 
 eXoLTO (f>iXovs, CTTt rot? St/catot? alprjcrecrOai, el 8' 
 eKeivoi^ TrpocrOelTo, crvvepyov'; e^eiv Trj<; avTov irXe- 
 oue^ia<?. did tuvt" eKeivov? dv9^ vjjlcop /cat TOTe Koi is 
 vvp atpetrat. ov ydp ^rj TpLijpeL<i ye opa TrXeiov; 
 aurot? rj vfxiv ovcra? • ovo^ ev fxeu ttj fxecroyeia tlu 
 dp^v evpr)Ke, rrj? 8' eVt ttj OaXdTTjj koX to)v ifXTro- 
 picju d(f)e(TTr] Keu • ovS' dfiprjiJLOi'el TOv<i Xoyovs ovSe 
 ret? vTTocry^ecrei^, e(^ at? T179 elprjV7)<; eTv\ev. 20 
 
 13 'AXXct vr] At', et770t rt? dz^ w? irdvTa TavT etSw9)/6 1*^^' 
 ov irXeove^ia^ eVe/cev ouS' cbi/ eyw KaTTjyopw rore 
 rai/r' eirpa^eu, dXXct rw oiKaioTepa tov<; Hrj/Baiov? 
 
 'q vyu-ct? d^tow. dXXd tovtou koI p^ovov irdvTOiv Tiov 
 Xoycou OVK ei^ecTT avTco vvu elireiv • 6 ydp Mecrcnjurjv 25 
 Aa/ceSat/xovtovs d^teVat /ceXevwi' ttoj? ai^ 'Op^op.evov 
 /cat }Lop(xiveLav TOTe ©Ty^atot? irapaSov<; t(o St/cata 
 voyiit^eiv TavT elvat TreTroLrjKeuai crKTQxjjatTO ; 
 
 14 'AXX' e/ScdcrOr) vtj Ata (rovro yd/a ecr^ uttoXoi-
 
 KATA <i)IAIlinOY B. 23 
 
 TTOu) Kai TTapa yfcojxyjp, t(ou BerraXajt' iTnrewi^ /cat 
 T(t)v ^Tj^aiuiv oTrXiTOiv iv fJ'-^crco Xrj(f)0eL<;, avve^o)- 
 p-qare ravra. /caXwg. ovkovp (fjacn fxeu fxeXkeiv 
 
 V Trpo<; Tov<; Sr)/3aiov<; avrov viroTTTOi^; €.^^iv, kul Ko- 
 
 5 yoTTOiovcrL TT€pu6vTe<; Tt^'€? ct)9 EXaretav ret^tet • 6 15 
 he ravra fxep /xeXXet Kal ixeXXijcrei, o)? iyoj Kpivw, 
 rot? Mecrcn^i^tot? 8e /cat rot? 'Ayayetot? em rov^ 
 Aa/ceSat/xovtou? crvfJi/SakXeLi' ov fxeXXec, aXXa /cat 
 ^epov^ elcnrefJiTreL /cat '^tjfxar diroareXXei /cat Sv- 
 
 10 va^xLv fjLeydX-rjv e^oiv avro? ecrrt 7r/9o<T8d/ct^o9. rou9 
 ^ei^ 6vra<i i^dpov<; 07^/3atcoi/ Aa/ceSat/xoi'tou? avaipel, 
 ov<i S' aTTajXecrev avro? nporepou <I>w/cea9 i^vi/ (Tco^ei ; 
 Kal Tt? ai' ravra Tricrrevcreiei/ ; iyo) fxeu yap ow 16 
 ai/ Tfyovixai ^iXiTnTOv, ovr et ra rrpiora jSiaadelf; 
 
 15 a/c&ji/ eTTpa^ei/ ovr av el vvv OLTreyiyi/cocrKe ©T7y8atov9, 
 rot? eKeivoiv e^6poL<; avue^co's evavriovaOai, dXX' 
 ci^' ait' t'vt' TTotet, KaKeiva e/c TT/ooatpeVew? SryXd? 
 ecrrt TTOi'rj(Ta<;. e/c iravroiv o', av rt? 6p0(o<i Oecoprj, 
 irdvra it pay fxar ever at Kara rrj? TrdXew? crvvrdrrcjv. 
 
 20 ^cat rovr' e^ dvdyKr)<i rpoTrov riv avrw t-w ye S']7 17 
 <jvp.^awei. XoyiQecrde yap. apyew jBovXer ai, rov- 
 rov 8' dt'raywi^tcrra? jxovov^ vireiXr^^ep v[xd<i. aSt/cet 
 TToXvi/ rjSr) -^opov, Kal rovro avro? apLcrra crvuoLoev 
 eavrio • ot? yap ovctlv v/xerepof? e^et, rovrot? iravra 
 
 25 rdXXa da(f)aX(x)<i KeKrrjrac • et yap AjxcJuttoXlv /cat 
 IlortSatav rrpoelro, ovS' ar ot/cot fxeueiv ^e^atw? 
 i^yetro. dfxcf)6repa ovu otSe, /cat eavrov vpav eVt- 18 
 ^ovXevovra koX v/ao,? alaOapo/JLeuov? • eu cfypouelu 
 h' v/xa9 vnoXafx^di>o)i> St/catcu? oj^* avrov fxtcrelv
 
 24 VI. AHM02GEN0Y2 
 
 vofXil^OL, /cat irapco^vvTai, TreCcrecrOai rt npocrho- 
 K(iiv, av Kaipov \d/3r}Te, iav jxr) (f)6dcrr) Trotifcra? 
 npoTepo^;. 3ta ravr i.yprjyopev,}e(j)i(TTrjKa^, im ry 
 TToX^L Oepairevei Tivd<i, &r]fiaiov<; Kai XleXoTTOvurj- 
 
 19 (TLOiv Tov'? ravTO. l^ov\op,evov<i TOVTOi<i, ou? ota pieu 5 
 Tr\eove^i<xv to, irapovTa dyamjcreiv oierai, hid Se 
 cTKaioTiqTCL rpoTTOiv T(op perd ravT ouSev irpooxjje- 
 crOaL. KaiToi (TOi(j)povovcri ye /cat peTpCco<; euapyfj 
 irapa^eiypaT ecmv tSeiv, a /cat Trpo? M.ea(Tiqviov^ 
 KOL 7rpo<; 'Apyetov? epoiy enreiv crvve/3r), jSeXnov S' i' 
 icro)<; /cat Trpo? v/xa? ecTTiv elpyjcrOaL. 
 
 20 " n&i? yap oiecrO^r ^4>y)v, " a) dvSpe^ MetronjvLOL, 
 " Svcr^epo)? aKoveiv 'OXvpOlov;, et rt? rt XeyoL /caret 
 " ^tXtTTTTov, /car' e/ceii^ov? rov? )(p6i'ov<i, or 'AvOe- 
 
 " povPTa pep avTo2<; d(f)Lei, yj^ 7rdpTe<; ol irporepov '^^ 
 " Ma/ceSoz/ta? ySacrtXft? dpTenotovPTo) TlortSatav 8' 
 " eStSou rov9 ' AOrjpaLOjp dTroLKovs eK^dXXoiP, /cat 
 " r-i^v /xei^ e^Opav ttjp rrpoq r)pd<; auro? dprjprjTo, 
 " '^W X^P^^ ^' ^/cetVot? eSeSoj/cet KapnovcrOaL ; dpa 
 " TrpocrSoKav avrovq rotaOra ireiaecrOai, rj XeyoPTo<^ 20 
 
 21 " ai/ rti^o? TTicTTevcrai oLecrOe ; dXA.' o/xw9," e^')^^' 
 eyw, " piKpop ^povop ttjp aXXorpiap KapncoadpepoL 
 " TToXvp rrj? eavTOJP vrr eKeivov crrepoPTai, atcr^oj? 
 " eKTrecrwre?, ov KpaTrjOepre'? popop, dXXd /cat Trpo- 
 
 " SoOePTe'i VTT dXXijXcop /cat 7rpa6ePTe<; • ou yap 28 
 " dcr^aXet? rat? TroXtretat? at Trpo? rovs Tvpdi/pov<; 
 
 22 " avrat Xtai/ bpiXlai. rt 8' ot ©erraXot ; dp* iM^^ 
 
 oiecru , ecpyjp, ot avrot? tov^ rvpappov; ege- 
 " ^aXXe /cat irdXip NtKauap /cat MayprjcrLap eStoov,
 
 KATA <I>IAinnOT B. 25 
 
 " irpocTOOKav Trjv KaOecTTwcrav vvv ^eKahap^iav 
 " ecrecT 0ai wap' avrot? ; ^ rov rrjv Tivkaiav oltto- 
 " oouTa, TOVTOu ra? tSta? avrdv Trpocrohov; napat- 
 " p-qcrecrOaL ; ovk ecrrt ravra. dXXa (jltju yiyove 
 5 '* ravra /cat iracriv ecTTLP elhevat. v/xet? 8'," ecjyyjv 23 
 iyco, " StSwra fiev koI vino-^ovixeuov Oeoipelre 
 " ^ikiinrov, i^rjTTaTrjKOTa 8' '^877 /cat irapaKeKpov- 
 " jjiivov aTTev-^ecrOe, el aox^poveire ^tj, tSeu/. ecrrt 
 " roivvv vrj At'," €(^171/ eyw, " Trai^roSaTra evpr}fxei>a 
 
 10 " rat5 TToXecTi Trpo? cfivXaKrjv /cat croiTrjpiav, oXov 
 " -^apaKcofJiaTa /cat Tei^rj /cat Tatfypoi /cat raXXa ocra 
 " Toiavra, /cat raCra /xev iarriv airavTa ^eipoTroiy]- 24 
 " ra, /cat oaTTavrj^iTrpooSeiTaL^ ev Se rt koivov t) 
 " (f)V(rL<; T(t)v ev ^povovvTOJv eu iavrrj /ce/cr^^rat ^v- 
 
 15 " XaKTTjpcov, o TTOLcn /xcV ecTTiv ayaOov koX ctcdtiJ- 
 " piov, ixaXiCTTa oe rot? TrXiqOecn 7rpo<; tov^ rvpdv- 
 " vov;. TL ovv ecrrt tovto ; dmcTTia. ravrrjv 
 " (fyvXaTTcre, ravri^? duTe^ecrOe • ecti^ ravTrjv aco- 
 " ^'qTe, ovSey [xri Seii^ov ndOrjTe. ri tjjTeiTe ; " 25 
 
 20 e(f)r]v. " iXevOepuap. elr ov^ opdre ^iXnnrov 
 " aXXorptcurara? ravTTj /cat ra? Trpocrrjyopta'; e^ov- 
 " Ta ; ;8acrtXev9 yoLp koI Tvpawo^ avra? i^Opoq 
 " iXevuepCa /cat i>6fxoL<i euavTio^. ov (f^vXd^ecrd' 
 " OTTft)?, e^Tjv, " /JLT) TToXefjiov ^'r)TovvT€<; dnaXXayrj- 
 
 25 " ^'at 8ecr77'or')7v evprjre ; " 
 
 TaSr d/covcrai/res eKetvoi, /cat 6opv/3ovuTe<; o)? 26 
 6p6co<; Xeyerat, /cat ttoXXovs irepov; X6yov<; napd 
 T(i)u TTpicrfieoiv /cat irapovTO^ ifJLov koI irdXiv varepov 
 aKovaavTe'i, cos eoLKeu, ovSei' ixdXXou dTToa^^rjcrovTat
 
 26 VI. AHM02eEN0Y2 
 
 TTJ'i ^lXlttttov (^tXta? ovS' a)v eTrayyeXXerat. koX ov 
 
 TOVTO icTTlV aTOTTOV, €1 MeCTCnjPLOL Kol HeXoTTOWTj- 
 
 (TLcov TLi/€<5 Trap a r(o XoyLcrixo) /SeXTLcrO' opcoaC tl 
 
 27 Trpd^ovcTLU' dXX' v/>tet9 ol koX (tvvl€vt€<; avToi koI 
 Tiov XeyovT(ov dKo-uouTe<? rjixuiv o)<; iTn/^ovXevecrOe, o)? 5 
 TTepiTei\tl,ecr6e, locrTe fxrjSeu '^Srj 7roL'r]craL XijcreO^ o)? 
 ijxol ooKCL, irdvTCL vTrofxeivavT€<i' ovro)? rj napavrC'^ 
 TjBoi'rj /cat pacTTcovT] ixell^ov la^vei tov Troff" varepov 
 (Tvvoicreiv }x4XXovto^. 
 
 28 Tiepl fiev Srj roiv vfXLV TrpaKrioiV KaO' vixd<; av- ic 
 Tov<; varepov /BovXevcrecrOe, dp (xcocjipopyJTe • d Se 
 uvu diroKpivdixevoi rd Seovr du elr^T ixjjrjffyLcrixepOL, 
 ravTa or) Aegw. rjv jxev ovp oiKaiop, o) apope^ Kutj- 
 paloL, Tov<; ipeyKOPTa'^ ra? v7roo"^ecret<?, iff) at? inei- 
 
 29 crOrjre Troti^o-acr^at ttjp elpiqpiqp, KaXelp • ovre ydp is 
 avToq ap rrore vTrifxeiva irpecr^eveLP, ovt ap v/xet? 
 otS' ort eTTavcraaOe TroXefxovPTe^, el rotavra irpd^eip 
 Tv^opTa elpyjpyjq ^lXlttttop (oecrOe' dXX tjp ttoXv 
 TOTJTcop dffyecTTrjKOTa ra tote Xeyofxepa. /cat iraXtp 
 
 y kripov<^ KaXelp • rtVa? ; tov'^ 6t iyco yeyovuta? 20 
 yjSyj Trj<; elpijprj^ 0,770 ri^? vcrrepa? 'r]K(op TrpecrjSeLa's 
 Trj<; em tov<; opKov?, alcr66ixepo<^ (^epaKit,oiJi€i>iqv>T'Y)v 
 ttoXlp, TrpovXeyop /cat oieyLapTvpo^xrqp /cat ovk eloip 
 
 30 wpoecrOaL UvXaq ovhe <I>&>/cea?, Xeyopra^ w? eyco fiep 
 
 vSojp TTlPOiP eLKOTCOq SvCTTpOTTO^ Kol SvCT/CoXo? elfJLi 25 
 
 Tt5 dp0p(t)7ro<;, cE>tXt7r7ros 8', onep ev^aiaO* dp v/xet?, 
 eai^ TTapeXOrj, irpd^ei, /cat BecTTTta? jLto^ /cat IlXa- 
 rata? ret^tet, (dr)/3aLov<; Se Traucret rrj? vftpeax;, Xep- 
 povqaov Se rot? aurov re'Xecrt Stopv^et, EvySotai/ Se
 
 10 
 
 KATA ^TAinnoT B. 27 
 
 Kat Tou flpcoTTOP avT AfX(f)i7r6\eo)<; vjx7v aTToSwcret • 
 ravra yo-p airauTa em rov y8T7/xaro<? evravOa fxvrjixo- 
 veveT otS' ort pr)9ePTa, KauTrep ovtc<^ ov hewol tov<; 
 dSiKovPTa^ pLeixvYjcrO ai. koI to rravTOiv ala^iCTTOv, 31 
 
 6 Koi Toi<; e/cyot'ot? upo? ra? eXTTiSa? Tr]v avTrju elptjprjv 
 eluau TavTTju ixjjrjfftiaacrOe • ovtco reXeoj? v7nj)(0r]Te. 
 TL Sr) ravTa vvv \eyoi koX Kokew ^r^pl helv tovtov^; 
 iyo) VTj Tov<; $eov'; TakrjOri jxeTo. Trapprjcria^; ipo) 
 Trpo? v/Act? /cat ovk aTroKpv\^ojxai. ov^ tV et? XotSo- 32 
 ptai/ i finecr oju ifxavTM fxeu i^ Icrov Xoyov Trap* vynv 
 TTOirj(joi, TOL^ 8' e/xot irpocrKpovcracriv i^ dp^rj<; /cat- 
 1^17^ TTapd(T)(a) irpoffiao-iv tov ttoXlv tl Xafielu napd 
 ^tXtTTTTOv • ovS' tVa 0)9 aXXco? dSoXecr^o). aXX* ot/xat 
 TTO^ v/Acc? \vTTrj(TeLv d <I>tXt7r7ro? irpdrTei p.dWov rj 
 
 15 ra wi^t • TO yap Trpdyfia opco Tvpo/BaLuov, /cat ov^t 33 
 jSovXoifxrjv dv eiKat^eiv 6p6(i)<^, <^o^ov p.ai ok firj \iav 
 eyyu? rf tovt rjoyj. orav ovv fxrjKeu vp-tv ap^ekeiv 
 i^dvcTta ytyvTqrai tmv crvp/3aLv6vTO)v, p-^)^* dKovrjO^ 
 ort TavT e<^' vpd<; icTiv ipov p^rjSe tov Setz^og, dXX' 
 
 20 avTol TrdvTe<i opdre /cat eS elhrJTe, 6pyikov<^ /cat 
 rpa^et? u/xct? eaeorOai uopt^oj. ^oySov/xat 817 /X17 34 
 Twv Trpecr/Secov creo'ioiTT'TqKOTaiv, i(f) ol<5 aurot? crw- 
 icracTi SeSojpoSoKrjKOo-L, rot? eiravopOovv tl ireipo)- 
 jLtevot? TaJi^ 8td TOVTOV9 a.TroXojXoTwt' t>7 Trap vpoju 
 
 25 opyfi Trepnrecreiv crvp/Sfj • opco yap a»9 to. woWa y 
 ivLov<; OVK et9 tov<; atrtov?, dXX et? tov<; vtto X^'-P^ 
 p.d\i(TTa TTjv opyrjv d^te^ra?. ect)? .ow ert peXhei 35 
 /cat crvuLCTTaTaL Ta wpdypaTa /cat KoraKovopev 
 dWrjfKoiv, €Ka(TTOv vp^iov, /catVep a/cpt^oi? etSora,
 
 28 VI. AHMOSeENOYS RATA <l>TAinnOT B. 
 
 o/xfo? hravaixLixTrqcTKecrOai PovXofxai, tl<; 6 ^(oK€a<? 
 TTCtcra? /cat H^Xa? TTOiiqcra<; TrpoiaOai, an/ /caracrra? 
 iKeLuo<; Kvptos Trj<; eTTt ttjv 'Attlkt^v oSov koX ttJ? 
 ets HeXoTTOPmrjcroi' Kvpio^ yiyove, koX TreTToir)^ vfXLv 
 fir) Trepl TOiv SiKaLoyv fJ-rj^' vnep roiv e^oi TrpayfxdTcov 5 
 eti/at T7]u /BovXtjv, dW inrep ro)v iu ry X^P^" '^^^ 
 Tov Trpos Tfjv Attlktjv TToXejxov, 6? XvTnjaeL fxev 
 eKacTTov, ineiBav Traprj, yeyove 8' ei/ eKeiinrj rrj 
 
 36 rjixepa. el yap firj irapeKpovaOrjTe t69 vjxei,^, 
 ovSep av rjv rfj iroXei Trpayjxa • ovre yap vavcrl i" 
 oijuov Kparrjaa^; ets Tr]v ^ATTLKrjv rjXda/ av iroTe 
 aToXoi (^CXltttto^, ovre Tre^fj ^aZit,oiv vnep ra? Tlv- 
 Xa? Kal (i>ajKea<;, dXX' rj to. St/cat' av eTToiei koX ttjv 
 elpi^viqv ayoiv ricrvyiav el^ev, rj 7rapa)(prjix' av rjv 
 ev ofJiOLco TToXefxco St' ov Tore Trj<; elprjvr)^ iTreOvixrj- ^5 
 
 37 crev. ravT ovv &)? jxev vTrofivrjcraL, vvv iKavo}^ 
 eip-qTai, w? 8' av e^eTaaOeir) p.dXL(TT dKpi^u)<;, jxt) 
 yevoiTo, oi Travre'; deoC • ov^eva yap ^ovXoijx'qv 
 eyoiye dv, ovS' et St/cato? ear d-rroXajXevai, jxerd 
 TOV irdvTOiv Kivhvvov Koi Trj<; ^r^^tas hiKrjv vtto- -i'- 
 <r)(eLV.
 
 KATA ^lAinnoT r. 
 
 IToXXwi/, oj avope'? 'AdrjuaiOL, Xoycov yLyuofxevon' 1 
 oXtyov Seiu Ka6' iKacrnqv eKKk-qaiav irepi mv <I>iXt7r- 
 7ro9, a^' ov TTjv elpiqvqv iTrotrjaaTo, ov fjLOvou v/xas, 
 aXXo, Kol T0V9 aXXou? aoc/cet, /cat ttolptcov oto' ort 
 
 5 (fy-qcrdpTcoi' y av, el Kai jxr] ttolovctl tovto, Kai \iyeiv 
 ^elv Kai TTpajTreiv 07r(t)<; e/ceti^o? TravcreTai r7J<; v/3pea)(; 
 KOL SiKTjv Swcret, et? rovO' v-rrr^yixeva iravTa to. 
 irpdyixara Koi irpoeifjiepa opco, (ocrre oeooLKa fxy] 
 /3Xo.(T(f)r)ixop fiep elneLV, d\r]6€<; S' >) * ^l Koi \eyeiv 
 
 10 dnapTe^ i/SovXouTo ol iraptovTe'; Kai ^^eLpoTouelp 
 v/jtet? eg wv w? cpavAOTaT efiekke ra Trpayixao egetp, 
 ovK av rjyovfJiaL ovuacrOaL ^eipov rj vvv oiareOrjuaL. 
 TToXkd fji€u ovv tcrci)? icrriv aiTia tovtojv, Kai ov Trap i 
 €P ovSe hvo ei? tovto to. TrpdyixaTa d(fnKTai, fxaXi- 
 
 15 crra 8', dv Trep i^€Tdl,r)Te 6p0o)<;, evpyjcreTe Sid tov^; 
 ^apit^eaOai jxdWov tj ret jSeXTicrTa \eyeiv npoaipov- 
 lx€Pov<;, oiv Tive<; fiep, c5 duSpe'? 'Adrjvaioi, Iv ol<; ev- 
 So/ct/xoOcrtv avTol Kai SvvavTai, TavTa (f)v\dTrouTe<; 
 ovhe^jLiav nepl TOiv ^eWovTOiv npovoiav e^ovaiv, 
 
 20 erepoi Se tov^ evrt rot? Trpdyfxaaiu ovTa<; aiTKofxevoi 
 Kai Sial3d\XovT6<; ov^ev aXXo rroiovaiv rj oiTbi<; rj 
 TToXt? nap" avTy]<; hiKrjp XmheTai koI irepi tovt ecr-
 
 30 IX. AHMO20ENOT2 
 
 rat, ^ikiTTTTco o i^ecTTai koL \eyeiv koX TrpdrreLv 6 
 
 3 Tt ySouXerat. at Se rotavrat TroXtretat avvrjOei^; fxev 
 elcnv vfjup, alriai Se roiiv KaKcov. a^ioi S', w aVSpe? 
 
 Aurji/aioL, iav tl roiv aXrjOwv fxeTa 7Tappr}crCa<; 
 \eyco, fxyjSefXLai' /xot Sta rovro Trap' vfxOiv 6pyy)v ye- s 
 veaOai. cTKOTreiTe yap wSt. vp.u<; ttjv Trapprjcriav 
 im fieu T(i)v aXXwi^ ovrcu koivtjv olecrde helv eluat 
 Tracrt rot? ev rrj ttoXci, oicrre kox toI% £0^019 /cat rot? 
 oouXot? avTrj<i /LteraSeSw/care, Kat ttoXXov? az^ rt? 
 olK€Ta<? toot Trap' T^yLttt' jotera ttK-Ciovo^ i^ovcrCa^ o tl m 
 ^ovikovTai Xeyovra? 7^ TroXtra? ez^ ez^tat? tw^' aXXcot* 
 TToXewi', e/c 8e rov avpi^ovkevetv iravTOLTracriv i^eXr)- 
 
 4 Xa/care. ew' v/x«^ crvpijBef^rjKev Ik tovtov iu fiei' 
 rat? eKKkrjcnaLS rpvipav /cat Ko\aKevecr9ai TrdvTa 
 Trpo9 rjSovrjv oiKovovcnv, ev Se Totg irpdyixaai /cat is 
 rot? yiyvoixevoi<; nepl t(ov ia^oLTOiv rjSr) KLi'SvpeijeLP. 
 
 el fxev ovv /cat ^'^}^' ovrw Sta/ceto'^e, ov/c e^cu rt Xeyw • 
 et 8' a (TVfKJiepeL ^opls /coXa/ceta? eOekrjcreTe clkov- 
 eiv, eTOLfjLo<; Xeyetv. Kat yctp et Travv ^avXw? ra 
 TrpayjxaTa e^et /cat ttoXXo, Trpoetrat, o/xw? ecTTiv, edv 20 
 v/xet9 TO, SeovTa Troielv ^oijXrjcrd^, ert rrdvTa ravra. 
 
 5 eTravopuaxTacruaL. /cat irapdoogov fxep l(tco<; icrrXv 
 o ixeXkco Xeyeiv, d\r)Oe<; 8e* to ^ipiaTov ev rot? 
 TrapeXrjXvOoat, tovto 7rpo<; rd [xeXXovra ^iXriarov 
 vnap^eL. n ovv icm tovto ; ort ovre fxiKpov ovTe ac 
 fjLeya ovoeu tcou oeouTcou ttolovptcov vpLon' KaKW? ret 
 TrpayfxaTa e^et, cTret rot, et navO" a npoarJKe irpaT- 
 TOVTOiv ovTOi oieKeiTo, ovo av eXTTt? •^^' avra yeve- 
 ddai /SeXxtw. i/vi/ 8e n^s /aei/ paQvp^lasi t7]S v/xe-
 
 KATA *iAinnoY r. 31 
 
 Tepa<; koll t^9 d/xeXeta? KeKpariqke <E>tXi7r7ro9, r^? 
 7rdA.ew9 o ov KeKpaTrjKeu • ouS' TJTTrjcrOe v/xei'?, dXX' 
 ovSe KeKLvrjaOe. 
 
 Et /xei' GUI' e^ecTTLU elpyjvrjv ayeuv rfj vroXet /cat 8 
 
 5 e^* i7/x«/ ecrrt rouro, tV ii^revOeu ap^o)p.ai, (ftrjfxl 
 eycoye ojyeiv r][xa<; OELf, koI top ravra Xeyovra ypoi- 
 (f>eLv /cat TrpoLTreiv koI jxr] <^€i^a/ct^eti^ d^tw • et S* eVe- 
 po9 rd oVXa e^' ratg ^epalv e^cof /cat SwapiLv ttoWtju 
 irepi avTov Tovpofia peu to Trj<? elpT/jfr)'? vfjuu rrpo- 
 
 10 jSdXXei, rot? 8* epyoL^ avTos rot? row TToXe/tou XP^' 
 rat, rt Xolttou aXXo TrXr)v dfxvvecrdaL ; (pdcTKeiv Se 
 elprjviqv dyeiv, el jSovXecrde, iocnrep iKei,vo<i, ov Sta- 
 (j^epofxai. el 8e rt? Tavrrju elpTJvrjv viroXap^dvei, 9 
 eg- 17? e/ceti/o? iravra rakka kapojv e<p 7)/xa9 'r]gei, 
 
 15 irpMTov fxeu /xatj/erat, eiretTa eKeivco irap vjjiMV, ov^ 
 Vjottf Trap' eKeivov rr]v elprjvrjv Xiyei • tovto S* ecTTiv 
 o roiv dvaXi(rKop.evo)V ^prjixdrcDV TrdvTOiv <I>tXt7r7ro$ 
 oiveiTai, avTO'i [xev TroXefieLu vfuv, vcf)' vfxojv Se imt} 
 TToXefJielcrdaL. 
 
 30 Kat fXTfu el /jte^pt tovtov TrepL/Jiei^ovfJiei/, eco^ az/ 10 
 Tjixlu ofjioXoyiqcrrj 7^oXe/xet^', iravTOiv ecrixeu evrjOecrra- 
 Tot • ou8e ydp av eirt T171' 'Arrt/c^t' avr'qv ^ahitprj 
 /cat Toi^ Iletpatd, tout' epe2, et Trep ot? 77/309 tov? 
 dXXov^ 7re7roi7)Ke Set t eK jxai peer 6 ai. tovto pev yap 1] 
 
 25 'OXwOioi^ TeTTapdKovT dire^oiv Trj<; noXeo)^ crrdoia 
 etTTCz^ oTt oet ovoiv uaTepov, rj eKetvovs ev Ukvvtfq) 
 pr] ot/cetf '^ avTov iv Ma/ceSot'ta, irdvTa tov aXXoz/ 
 ^ovov, et Tt9 avTov avridcraiTO ti tolovtou, aya- 
 vaKTOiP /cat TTpecr/BeLs irepniou tovs diroXoyrjcrope-
 
 32 IX. AHM02GEN0T2 
 
 vov?' TovTo 8' et9 <I>aj/ce'a9 w? 7rpo5 crufxixd^ov? 
 iiropeveTo, koI TrpecrySet? <J>&j/<reW rjcrap dt iraprjKo- 
 \ov6ovv avrS Tropevojxevto, Kai Trap rjfxiv rfpitpv 
 oi TToXXol Sr]/3aiOL<; ov \vaLT€krjcreiv ttjv eKeiuov 
 
 12 TrdpoSop. Kol jxrjv Kat (&epa? Trpcorju w? ^lXo9 /cat s 
 cru/x/x.a^09 et? ©erraA-tai^ ekOwv ej^et KaTaXa/^anf, 
 Koi TO, TeXevTa'ia rot? xaA.atTrojpot? 'Opetrat? rou- 
 rotcrt iTncTKeylfoyudvov; e(f)7] tov'^ crTpartajra? TreTTOjx- 
 cfyevaL /car' evvoiav • rrvvOdvecrO ai yap avTov^ a)s 
 i/ocrovcrt Kat aTacndtpvaiv, (TVjxixd^oji' S' et^'at /cat i« 
 (j)iXo)v dXiqOivoiv Iv Toi<; tolovtol<; Kaipol^ irapelvai. 
 
 13 etr' oU(T0^ avTOv, o% iTroirjcrav fxev ovSev av /ca/cov, 
 p.r] TTaueiv o €<pvAagavT av tcrw?, tovtov<; [xev ega- 
 vrarai' aipeiaOai fxdXXov rj irpoXeyoura ^idt^ecrOat, 
 vijup o' eK TTpopprj<TiO)<; TToXefxrjoreiv, koI ray 9^ ecu? la 
 
 14 av eK6vTe<s i^anaTaaOe ; ovk ecrrt ravra • /cat yap 
 av dfieXT€p(oTaTO<; eiiq irdvTOiv dvOpM-rrcov, el tcov 
 dSLKOvfJLevMV vjxcjv fjLrjhev ijKaXovvTOiv avT(p, dXX^ 
 vfjicov avTOJv Tiva<^ alTiM^xivciiv, e/cett'o? e/cXvcra? rr^v 
 7rpo<; dXXijXov^ epcv vixatv Kat (f)LXoveLKiav iff eavrov 20 
 TrpoeLTTOL rpeveo-daL, Kat tcov Trap' eavTov fXLcrdocjio- 
 povvTOiv TOv<; Xoyov^ d(f)eXoiTO, oi<; dva/BdXXovcnv 
 vixd<;, XeyovT€<; o)? eKelvos ye ov TToXefjLel rff iroXei. 
 
 15 A.XX ecTTiv, 0) Trpo? tov Ato9, octti^ ev (fypovcov 
 eK TCOV ovofxarcov fxdXXov tj tcov Trpayp-dTcov tov 25 
 ayovT eLprfVTjV rj iroXe^ovvO^ eavTco crKei//atr' av ; 
 ovoet? OTjTTOv. 6 TOLvvv ^lXlttttos 6^ dp^7]<;, dpTL 
 Tr)<; eipr)vr)<; yeyovvia^, ovtroi AiOTreCOovs aTpaTTj- 
 yovvTos ovoe tcov ovtcov ev ^eppovrjcrco vvv aTre-
 
 KATA <i)iAinnoY r. 33 
 
 aTaXfxeucoi', Sippiov Kai AopicTKOv iXdjx/3au€ /cat 
 Tov<i Ik Seppiov reiy^ov^ /cat '\epov opov; crrpartwTa? 
 i^e/3aXkei', ov? 6 vixerepo^ crTpaTiqyo^ KarecTTyjaev. 
 KaiToi raura irpaTTcou tl eTTOiei ; elpTJmrji' fxeu yocp 
 5 o/xaiixoKeL. /cat /xi^Set? eiirr), tC 8e ravT^ icTTiu, rj rt 16 
 Tovrcou jxeXeL Trj TroXei ; el fxev yo.p fiLKpa ravra ^ 
 [XTjoev vfxli^ avTiuv e/xeXez^, a'XXo? av e.i'q \6yo's 
 ovTO'i ' TO 8' evcre^e? /cat to 8t/catoi^ af r' eVt yu,t/c- 
 pov Ttg az/ r' cttI ^eitfivo<; Trapa^alvrj, ttjv avrrju 
 
 M e^ei Swaixiu. ^epe Sr) vvv, tjulk els ^.eppoprjcrov, 
 Tjv y8ao"tXev9 Kat Tratreg ot EAA.r^t'e'? v{xeTepav eyvco- 
 KacTLv eli'aL, ^euov; elcnreixTrei /cat fiorjOelu ofxokoye? 
 /cat eTTiCTTeWei ravra, rt TTotet ; (^179 ^xev yap ou 17 
 TroXefxeli', iyco 8e rocrovrow 8ew ravra Troiovvra 
 
 15 eKelvov ayeiv o^ioKoyeiv rrjv 7rpo<; u/xa? eipt^vrfv, 
 (licrre /cat Meyapoij^ amrop.evov Kai ev EvySota rvpav- 
 i/tSa KaraijKevatpvra /cat vuv eTTt %paKy]v rrapiovra 
 Kai ra ei^ TTeXoTroi^t'T/crw (TKevcopovixeuof Kai TravO' , 
 ocra TTpdrrei fxerd rr}<? ovvd^eoi<;, iroiovvra \veiv 
 
 20 (^T^^t ri7z^ elpijprjv Kai TroXeixelu vyuv, et p.y] Kai rovs 
 rd iJiiq^avrjixara e(f>L(Trdura<; elprjurju ayeiv (jirjcrere, 
 ew? av avrd roL<; rei^eaiv rj^r) Trpocrdyoicriv. aXX 
 ov (f)'r](rere • 6 ydp, ot? dv iyoj XrjcfiOeLrji', ravra 
 irpdrroiv Kai /caracr/ceva^o^e/^o?, ovros efioL iroXe- 
 
 25 jLtet, Kav jjLTJTro) l3dXXrj fxrjSe ro^evy. ricriv ovu v/xet? 18 
 /ct^'8vz^evo■atr' dv, et rt yevoiro ; rut rov EXX77- 
 (TTTOvrov dXXorpLcodrjpat, ra> Meydpcou Kai rrj<; 
 EvySota? rov noXeixovvO' vfjuv yevecrdai Kvpiov, ro) 
 UeXoTTOvvrjcriov'; raKeivov (f)povrjaai. eira rov
 
 34 IX. AHMOSGENOTS 
 
 TovTO TO fXTj'^dur) ixa inl T-qv iroKiv icrravTa, rovrov 
 
 19 elpijurju ayeiv eyco (f)co 7rpo<; v/xa? ; ttoWov ye /cat 
 Set, dXA.' d^' 7]<; i^/xepa? dvecXe f&oj/cea?, dno TavTY)<5 
 eyoiy avTou TToXe/xetv opitpyiai. u/xctg oe, edv djxv- 
 vr](T06 'qSr], (7a)(f)pou'r](TeLV (^t^/xl, idu Se idcnqre, ovSe s 
 Tou^' oxai/ fiovXrjcrde SvvijcrecrOc Troirjcrai. kox 
 rocrovTOv ye d(j)ecrTrjKa twv dWcou, o) dv^pe^ ^ Kdiq- 
 valoi, roiv CTvp.^ov\ev6v70iv , oycrre ovhe hoKeZ jxol 
 nepl Heppovrjcrov vvv aKoirelv ovSe Bu^avnou, 
 
 20 dXX.' iirajxyvai jxev To{)Toi<i, /cat SiaTr^prjcraL fxij tl i« 
 Trdd(i}(TL, ^ovXeveadai fxeuTot irepi Trdvroiv to)v 
 "^^Xkiqvoiv 0)9 ev klpSvuo) [xeydXco KadecrTcoTOJu. 
 ^ovXojxai S' eiTTeZv irpo^ v/xd? e^ wv vnep tcov 
 Trpayixdroju ovtco (fio/BovjJLai, Iv el fxev 6p0a)<; Xoyi- 
 tpixai, [xeTa(j)(r)Te TOiv XoyKJixoiv /cat Trpovoidv tlu is 
 viMwu y avTcof, el fxr) /cat tcov dXXcov dpa (3ovXeaO€, 
 TToirjcriqcrde, dv Se Xrjpelp /cat TeTV(f)(i)<T0aL So/cw, 
 fjiy]Te vvv fJiy]T av^t? w? vyiaivovri jxoi irpocre^Te. 
 
 21 'On fxev Sr) iJLeya<; e/c fXiKpov /cat raireLvov to 
 Kar ap^a? (I>tA.t7r7ro9 rjv^yjTat, /cat dmcrraj? /cat 20 
 crracrtacrTt/cct;? e^ovcri irpo'^ avrov? ot ''EXXi^i/e?, /cat 
 ort TToXXoj TTapaoogoTepov rjv toctovtov avrov e^ 
 eKeivov yevecrdai r] vvv, oO* ovto) TToXXd irpoeiXiqi^e, 
 /cat TO, Xoiira vcf)* avTut noL'qcTacrdaL, koL irdvO' ocra 
 
 22 ToiavT dv e^ot/xt Sce^eXOelv, TrapaXeLxjjco. dXX' 25 
 opo) crvyKe^cjprjKOTa'? dnavTa^ dv6pa)7rovs, d(j) 
 vjxwv dp^ajxevov?, avTco, virep ov tov dXXov diravTa 
 ^ovov TTdvTe<; at voXefxai yeyovacnv ol 'EXXtjvlkol. 
 
 Tl ovv icTTi TOVTO ; TO TTOielv 6 TL jBovXeTau, KCU
 
 10 
 
 KATA *iAinnoT r. 35 
 
 Kau eva ovroicrX TreptKouTeLv koX Xmuo^vtelu t(op 
 EXk-r^uwu, Kai KaTahov\ova6 ai to.^ TrdXet? eiriovTa. 
 KaiToi Trpoa-TaTat [xev u/xet? k^'^ofxrjKovTa err) /cat 23 
 rpCa T(x)v '^EjWrjvoiv eyivecrOe, TrpocTTdrai 8e rptct- 
 5 KovTa €uo<; SeovTct Aa/ceSat/xwtot • la^vcrav Se rt 
 Kai Syj^oLOi TovTovcrl tov^ reXevraiovg ^6vov<^ 
 fiera ttjp iv AevKTpois ixdxrjv. aXX' o/iw? ou^' 
 vfjuv ovT€ @r)^aiOL<; ovre Aa/ceSat/xo^'tot? ouScttw- 
 TTore, ft) dvSpe<; ^ A.OiqvaloL, a-vve^ayprjOiq tov0' vtto 
 T(i)v 'EXXiji^oji^, TTOLeii' o TL ^ovXoLcrBe, ovSe ttoXXov 
 Set, aXXa tovto fxeu vp^iv, ixaXkov 8e rot? tot oixriv 24 
 'AOrjuaioLS, eTreiSij rioriv ov /xerptws iSoKovv Trpoa- 
 <f)€peo'uai, irdvTe'i atovTo heiv, koX 01 [xrjSeu iyKaXelv 
 e)(0VTes avTot?, fxerd tcop rjSiK-qfjievcov TroXefJieLU, kol 
 
 15 rrdXiv KaKeoaiixovioi^ dp^acn kol TrapeXBoixjiv et? 
 Tr)v avTTjV ovvacTTeiav vjxlv, CTretSr) irXeovd^eLV CTre^et- 
 povv KOL nepa rov p^erpiov tol KaOecrTrjKOTa Iki- 
 vovv, TrdvTe^ et? noXefxov KarecrTrjcrau, koI ot fxrjSev 
 iyKaXovuTe<s avrot?. /cat rt Set tov^; dXXov? Xe- 23 
 
 20 yeuv ; dXX* i^/xet? avTol /cat Aa/ceSat^wtot, ovSev ai' 
 enreiv e)(ovT€^ eg cLpxV'^ o t'' yjOLKov/xeu vtt akkr)- 
 Xcov, ofxaif; virep o)v tovs dXXovs dBiKovfJLei'ov<; 
 icopwixa^, TToXefxeLu coofxeOa Selu. /catrot irdvB' oora 
 i^rjixdpTTjTai /cat Aa/ceSat/x-ovtot? ei^ rot? TpidKovT 
 
 25 e/c€tj^oi9 erecrt /cat rot? rjjjLeTepoL'; 7rpoy6uoi<5 iv to2<; 
 i/38ofXT]KovTa, iXdrTovd icmv, at dvSpe<; 'Adrji/aloL, 
 oiv <3J>tXt7r7ro9 kv TpLoi koI Se'/ca ov^ oXot? eTecTLU oi<s 
 eTTtTToXct^et rj^LKr)Ke tov'5 "EXXrjua';, jxdXXov Se ovSe 
 TreixTrTou //.eyaog rourcut' e/ceti^a. OXvvdov fxku hr) 26
 
 36 IX. AHMOSGENOYZ 
 
 /cat M.e0(ourji/ /cat AnoWcovLav /cat Svo /cat rptct- 
 Koura TToXets evrt (S)paK7y9 ew, a? aTracras ovrou? 
 a»/xa>? avjiprjKev, cocrre jxrjS' el iroiTTOT (oKujOrjcrav 
 TTpocreXOopT eluai paoiov elrreiv • /cat to ^oiKeoiv 
 e0vo<; TocrovTov avrjpy^ixevov cricjirco. aXXa ©er- 5 
 raXta ttw? ej^et ; ov)(i ras TToXtreta? /cat ra? TrdXet? 
 avTcou Trapjipiqrai /cat Terpap^ia^ KaTearrjcreu, iva 
 jXT) jxovov Kara 73"oX.ets dA.Xa /cat /car' e^t'i^ SovXeu- 
 
 27 wcrtt' ; at 8' ei' Eu/3ota vroXetg ov/c t^St^ Tvpawovv- 
 rat, Kat ravra o^ vyja-co irkiqcnov ^iq^iov /cat it 
 'AOtjvcou ; ov ^Lapp-qSrjv els ras eTTtcrroXa? ypd(f)ei,, 
 
 " epoL o ecTTiv elprjvrj irpos tovs aKoveiv epov /Sov- 
 Xopeuovs ' ; Kat ov 'ypdif^eb ph^ raVTa, rots 8' 
 epyoLs ov TTotet, dXX e^' 'EXXi^crTrot'TOj' or^erat, 
 irpoTepov 7]Kev eir Ap/BpaKLav, 'HXtt' e)(et nqkiKav- is 
 Tiyt' TToXti^ ej/ ITeXoTrovz/T^croj, Meyctyoot? eire^ovXevcre 
 vpcoyju, ovO^ Tj 'EXXd? ov6' rj /SdpjSapos rrjv rrkeo- 
 
 28 ve^Lap ^copel rdpOpcoTrov. Kat ravO" opoiVTes ol 
 "YXk-qves arravTes Kat aKovoz^res ov TrepTTopeu 
 TT/aecr^et? Trept tovtcjv Trpo? dXXT^Xov? Kat dyai/aK- 20 
 Tovpev, ovTO) oe KaKW? ZiaKetpeda kol Siopcopvy- 
 pe0a Kara TroXet?, cjar ciyjn ttJs Tiqpepov rjpepas 
 ovSep ovTe rcov crvp<l)ep6vT0)v ovre tcov SeouTcou npa- 
 ^ac Svvdpeda, ovSe crvaTrjvai, ovSe Koivoivlav 
 
 29 j3or)6eias kol ^tXta? ovSepiav TTOiTjcrao-Oai, dXXd 21 
 peitjLti yiyvopeuov tov avOpcoTTOv Trepiopwpev, rov 
 ■^ovov KepSavai tovtov ov dWos aTToXXvrat 
 eKacrro? eyucoKc^s, w? y' epov SoKet, ov^ OTTCog 
 croidijcreTaL ra toju ^XXijvcov aKoncov ovhe Trpdr-
 
 KATA 'I'lAinnoT r. 37 
 
 Tcov, inel on ye o)cnrep irepio^o^; rj /cara/^oXr) 
 irvperov rj tlvo<; dXXov KaKov koL ra» Trauv Troppco 
 SoKowTL vvv a(j)e(TTdvai 7rpoaep)(eTaL, ovoeU dy- 
 j/oel. Kol jXTjv KOLKeluo ye tcrre, otl ocra jxeu vrro 3(1 
 
 5 AaKeSaLjxouLCJU rj v(j) y^jxojv €7ra(T)(ou ol KWrjves, 
 dXA.' ow VTTO yprjcrioiu ye outcjv ttJs 'EXXclSo? -qSl- 
 KOVVTO, KoX rov avTov rpoTTOV dp rt? vireka^e tovO , 
 oicnrep dv el vlo<i eu ovcr'ia ttoXXtJ yeyovw'^ yvrjaio^ 
 Stwfcet rt p,r) icaXoJS p^r]^^ op^wg, KaT avTO peu 
 
 10 TOVTO d^Lov pep^eoi<; eivai Koi KaTiqyopia^;, 0*9 o ov 
 TTpodrjKOiv rj w? ov K\ripov6po<^ tovtcov cop ravra 
 hroiei, ovk ipelpat Xeyetp. el 8e ye SovXo? ^ vtto- 31 
 jSoXipalos ret p-q TrpocrrjKOPTa dn^Wve /cat eXvpai- 
 vero, 'lipdKXeL<;, ocra» pdXXop SeLVOP Kai 6pyrj<; 
 
 15 d^Lou ndpTe^ dp e(f)ri(Tap elpac ! aXX ov)(^ virep 
 <I>tXt7r7rov /cat u)p eKelpo<; irpdrTei pvp, ov^ ovToyq 
 e)(ovcrLP, ov popop ov^ "EXXr)vo<; 6mo<; ovSe npoaij- 
 KOPTO^ ovSep rot? "EXXiqarLP, aXX' ovSe /Bap^dpov 
 ePTevdev odep KaXov elneTp, dXX' oXedpov Ma/ceSo- 
 
 20 po<;, o0ep ovS' dpSpdnohop (nrovSoLOP ovSep rjp 
 Trporepov. 
 
 Katrot Tt ttJ? i(rxdTr)<; v/3pe(o<; diroXeiTrei ; ov 32 
 TTOo? T(o TToXet? dpTjpujKepaL Tidrjcn pep ra Ilv^ta, 
 TOP Koipop roip 'EXXtjpojp dycopa, Kap auro? pr) 
 
 25 Trapfj, Tov<? SovXov^ dy(i)vo6eTy](JoPTa<; vepTrei ; 
 ypdfjieL Se ©erraXot? op xPV Tponop TToXiTevecrO ai ; 33 
 nepnei 8e ^epov^ rov<^ pep eU Uopdpop, top Syjpop 
 e/cySaXowra? top 'EpeTpteojp, tov<; S' eV 'flpeop, 
 Tvpaivop ^iXL(TTihy]P /caracrT-ncroi/ra? ; dXX opo)S 
 
 5 4 820
 
 38 IX. AHMOSGENOTS 
 
 TavO* opcxiVTE^ OL Fi\Xr)ve<; ave^ovrai, /cat rov avTov 
 rpoTTOV cocnrep Tr)u ^dXa^av e^oiye Sokovctl Oeco- 
 peiv, ev^ofxeuoi jxr) Kad eavrov? eKacrroi ya/iaOai, 
 
 34 Kdikveiv oe ovoei<s eiri^eipoyv. ov p.ovov o ecp 019 
 
 7) 'EXXa? vfBpit^eTai vtt avTov, ovSet? d/xwerat, 5 
 aXX* ovS' vrrep wv avTo<; eKacrro'S dStKetrat • tovto 
 yoip tJSt] Tovcr^aTOP icTTtv. ov l^opivOicov iir* 
 'Ajx^paKLav iXijXvde kol Aev/cctSa ; ovk 'A^atw 
 NavnaKTOP oixMjxoKev AtrwXot? TTapaoaxrew ; ov^l 
 %ri^aioiv 'E^^^^o^' d(f)rjp7]TaL ; /cat vvv eTri Bv^av- u 
 
 35 TLOv<; TTOpeverai crv;a/>td^ov? ovra^ ; ov^ vfxcov, ecu 
 rdXXa, aXXa ^eppovqcrov ttjv p.eyi(TTy)v e^eu ttoXlp 
 KapStaz/ ; TavTa tolvvv ird(T)(ovTe<^ aTravre^ fxeXXo- 
 ixeu Kai fxaXaKii^OjxeOa Kai irpos tov<; irXrjcriov 
 /BXeTTOixev, aTTLcrTOWTe^ dXXrjXoL^, ov tco iravra^ is 
 T^/xd? aZiKovvTi. KaiTOi rov diraaiv dcreXya><; ovto) 
 )(jia)[jL€i'ov TL olecOe, iTreuSdv /ca^' eva r)fji(i)v eKdcr- 
 Tov Kvpio'i yeuTjTai, tl TTOirjaeiv ; 
 
 36 Tt ovu aiTiov tovtojul ; ov ydp avev Xoyov /cat 
 StKata? atrta? ovre toO' ovTO)<i ely(ov erot/xw? TTyoo? 21 
 iXevOepiav ol '^'EXXyjve'?, ovre vvv irpo^ to SovXeveiv. 
 rjv Tt TOT , rjv, o) dVSpe? '' AOrjvaLOL, ev rat? roiv ttoX- 
 Xoiv 8tavotat9, 6 vvv ovk ecmv, o Kai rov Ilepcrcov 
 eKpdriqce irXovrov koL iXevOepav rjye rrjv 'EXXctSa 
 Kat ovre vavfjca^ia^ ovre ttc^tJ? jact^T^? ovSe/atd? r)r- 2» 
 retro, vvv S' aTToXcuXo? dnavra XeXvfxavrai /cat dvo) 
 
 37 /cat Kctroj 776770117 /ce ndvra rd Trpdyfxara. tl ovv rjv 
 Tovro ; roifs rrapd rcov dp^ew ^ovXojxevoiv rj Sta- 
 
 lelpeiv TY]v 'EXXdSa ^17/xara Xaix/Bdvovra^ dwav-
 
 RATA *iAinnoT r. 39 
 
 re? ijxicrovv, Kai ^okcirMTaTOv rjv to Sw/JoSo/cowra 
 i^eXey)(9r]uai, /cat Tifxaypia fxeytaTr) tovtov cko- 
 Xa^ou. Tov ovv Kaipov eKoiaTov tcou irpayixdrajv, 38 
 ov T] TV)(r) TToWaKLq TTapacTKevdl^ei, ovk rju npCa- 
 
 5 (rOai napd roiv \ey6vTwv ovSe r(i)v arpanqyovvTOiv, 
 ovSe Trjv 7rpo<; aXXi^Xov? opiovoiav, ovSe tyjp 77/509 
 TOV'? Tvpdwovi Kai tov? ^ap^dpov; dTricrTiav, ovS' 
 6\(ti? TOLOvTov ovoev. vvv 8' dnauO^ axnrep i^ dyo- 39 
 pd? eKTreTTpaTa.1 ravra, duTetcrrJKTaL 8e dvTL TOVTWiv, 
 
 no v^ MV dwoXcoXe Kai vei'ocrrjKeu -q 'EXXctg. ravra 8' 
 ecrrt rt ; l,rj\o?, ei rt? eikiq^i tl ' yeXw?, av o/xo- 
 Xoyfj ' fxlcro?, av tovtol? tl? iTTLTiixd • rdXXa irdvO^ 
 oaa e/c tov hojpoSoKeii> rjpTiqTai. iirei Tpiiqpei? ye ao 
 KoX aoiixdTOiv TrkrjOo? Kai '^rjfxdTcou Kai Trj? aWrj? 
 
 15 KaTaaKevrj? d(j)9oi'ia, Kai rdXXa 01? av ti? icr)(veiv 
 Ta? TToXet? Kpivoi, vvv anacri Kai TrXeico Kai p.eit^oi 
 ecTTi TO)v TOTe TToXXw. dXX' arravTa tovt a^prjaTa, 
 dnpaKTa, dvovrjTa, vtto tcov ttcoXovvtcov yiyverai. 
 
 "Oti 8' ovTOi TavT e^et, Ta fxev vvv opaTe orjirov 41 
 
 20 /cat ovSev i/xov npooSeio-Oe fxdpTvpo? • ra 8' e^ rot? 
 dvcoOev ')(p6voi? oTi TovavTia ei^ev, iy oj SrjXcocrcL}, ov 
 Xoyov? ifxavTov XeycDv, dXXd ypd^ifxaTa tcjv npoyo- 
 v(x)v T(x)v vfJieTepcov, d ^Keivoi KaTeOevTo el? crTrjXiqv 
 ^aXKrjV ypdxfjavTe? el? aKpoTToXiv. " ApOfxio?, 43 
 
 25 (firjcriv, " 6 TlvOa)vaKTO? ZeXeiTrj? aTifxo? Kai noXe- 
 [Jiio? TOV Syjixov TOV ' A6r)vai(ov Kai to)v avixp^a^oiv, 
 avTO? Kai yevo?" eW r) airta yeypaiTTai, 01 rjv 
 TavT iyeveTO • " ort tov ^vcrov tov e/c Mijocov et? 
 HeXoTTOvvrjo-ov r^yayevT TavT efrrt ra ypap-fxaTa,
 
 40 I^ AHM0SOEN0Y2. 
 
 43 XoyC^eo'Oe Srj 7rpo<; Oewv, rt? rjv ttoO* tj Siavota Ttav 
 *Adr)vaL(t)u t(ov tote raura ttolo-uvtcou, ^ ri to d^i-^ 
 (Ojxa. eKelvoL ZeXeLTTju riva ApdixLov SovXop ySacrt- 
 Xeiw? (jj yap ZeXeta ecrrt rrj? Aorta?), otl rw 
 SecriroTr) SiaKoucou ^vcriov rjyayev €t5 Tlekorrovvq- 5 
 (Tov, ovK ^ K6rjvat,e, e^Opov ovtmv dueypaxjjau koL c&cor 
 
 44 Toiu (Tvixixd^oiv, avTov /cat yeuos, Koi dTiiLov;. tov- 
 To 8' icrTiv ovx W ^^ '^^'^ ovto)(tI (jiijcreiev dTLfxiau • 
 TL yap TO) ZekeiTT), rcop 'AOrjpaiMV kolv(ov et jxrj 
 fxeOe^eiv efxeXKei/ ; aXX' iv rot? (f)ovLKOL<5 yeypairTai n 
 voiJLOL^, vTTep 0}v dv fjLT] StSoj StKa? (fiouov StKctcra- 
 crOai, " Kal art/Ao?," ^lycrt' " reBuaToi." tovto S17 
 Xeyet, KaOapov rov tovtojv rivd aTroKTeivavra eiuau. 
 
 45 ovKovv ivofiL^ov eKeivoi Tyj<; ndpTOJu roiv EWt^z/wz/ 
 crcoTr)pia<; avrot? eTrt/xeXi^reov eti/at • ou yap ai^ au - 15 
 rot? efJLeXeu, et rt? e^' UeXoTTOi/vyjcrq) riva<; oiveirai 
 Kal hia<^6eipeL, fxr] rovO vTToXajji/Sduova-Li' • eKoXa- 
 t,ov 8' ovTOi /cat iTifxcopovi'To ou? aidOoivTO, (ocrre 
 /cat crTr)XCTa<5 Troieiv. e/c 8e rourwv et/corw? ra rwi/ 
 'EXXt^vcoz/ 77V to) fBapf^dpoy (f)ol3epd, ovx 6 ^ap/3a- 28 
 
 46 /309 Tot5 'EXXi^crtz^. aXX* ov vvv • ov yap ovto)<; 
 e)(e^' u/xet? oure Trpo? ra rotaura oure 77/309 rdXXa, 
 dXXa TTW? ; etTTw ; KcXevere /cat ov/c opyietade ; 
 
 47 Ecrrt rotvvu rt? ev'rj07j<; X6yo<^ irapd tcjv irapa- 
 fjLvOelcrOaL ^ovXofxeuc^v tyju ttoXli/, o)? apa oviro) 2E 
 ^tXtTTTTO? icTTLv otot ttot' '^cTaf Aa/ce8atjawtot, ot ^a- 
 XaTTT]^ fJL€i> rjpxov /cat y:^? aTrdcnq^, jSacnXea oe (xvp.- 
 fiaxov ^\ov, v(f)C(TTaTO 8' ovSej^ avrovs • dXX o/xw5 
 i^ftwaro /cd/cetVovs 17 TToXts /cat ov/c dvqpTrdcTurj.
 
 KATA <I'TATnnOT F. 41 
 
 eyo) Se airduTCJv a»9 eTTO? etTre?!^ voWrji' €l\r)<f)6TCiJV 
 Ret: imoocni', /cat ovoei' ojxolcjv ovto)v tojv vvv rot? vrpo- 
 repou, ovoev rjyovixai nXeov rj to. tov TroXefj-ov 
 KCKLurjcrdaL kol eTTtSeScuAcevat. rrpcxirov [xev yap 48 
 
 5 OLKOvo) AaKeoaiixouiovs Tore kol Travra? tov<; aX\ov<; 
 T€TTapa^ fxrjva^ rj TreWe, ttjp oipaiav avTiju, ifxfia- 
 Xouras av Kai KaK(ocravTa<s rr]v ^copav oTrXtratg koI 
 TToXtTtKot? (TTparevjxacTLv dua^copetp in olkov nd- 
 Xtf • ovTco S' dp^aia)<; el^ov, fMaXXov Se TToXtrt/cwg, 
 
 »o axTTe ovSe ^r)p.dTOiv wvelcrOai irap' ov^evo<; ovSeu, 
 dXX" eluat vojxljxov nva kol Trpo(j)ai>rj tov iroXefJcov. 
 uvul o opdre fxep oiJttov tol TrXetcrra tov<; TT^oSora? 49 
 aTToXajXe/cora?, ovSeif S' e/c Trapard^eoi^ ov^k /xd^rj'^ 
 yiyuoixepou • aKovere Se ^lXlttttop ov^t rw (f)dXayya 
 
 u> ottXltojv dyew f^ahttflvO* oVot jSovXerai, dXXd tm 
 i/ztXovs, tTTTrea?, ro^ora?, ^evov<;, tolovtov i^rjpTrj- 
 crdaL (TTpaTOTTeSov. ineihav S' em rovrot? Trpo? 50 
 pocrovvTas iv aurots npocnrecrrj kol [jLr}Sel<; vnep rrj'; 
 ^wpa? St' dTTLCTTiap e^tT/, ix-q^avrjfxar eTncTTiqcraq 
 
 20 TToXtop/cet. Acat (TLCOTTCJ 6epo<i /cat ^eLfxcova, d)<s ov- 
 
 ei/ OLacpepei, ovo ecrriv egaipero^ (opa rt?, 1^1/ 
 
 StaXetVet. raura fjievTOL rrdvTas etSora? Kat Xoyt- ,51 
 
 tpyLevov^ ov Set irpoaecrOaL tov TroXejxov et? T171' 
 
 ^Mpav, ovS' et? T^v evyjOeiav Tr]v tov tote Trpos 
 
 85 Aa/ceSat/xot'tov? TroXe/xou ^XenovTaq iKTpa^rjXicrOrj- 
 vau, dXX' 0)9 e/c irXeicrTov ^vXctrrecr^at roig Trpdy- 
 /xacri /cat rat? 7rapa(TKevaL<;, 07rco<; oiKoOev fiyj 
 KivrjcreTaL crK07rovvTa<;, ov^l crv/xTrXa/cevra? Stayw- 
 vil,€.adaLi. TTyoo? /xe^ yap TroXejxou noXXa (^vcrei 52
 
 42 IX- AHMO20ENOYS 
 
 irXeoveKTijixaO* y)yuv virdp^ei, du irep, &> avope^ 
 ' AOrjvoiOL, TTOieLV eOeXcoixa^ d Set, tj <^vcri^ ttj^; e/cet- 
 vov ^w/Da?, '^? dyeiv /cat <^ipeiv ecrrt ttoWiqv fcai 
 KaKa)<; Troielv, ctXXa p^vpia • et? 8e dycot'a dfieivov 
 rjixwi/ eKelvo<i yjcTKyjTat. 5 
 
 53 Ov fxovov Se Set ravra yLyvcoaKetv, ovSe rot? e)o • 
 yot? eKeivov dfjivuecrdat rot? rov TToikefJiov, dWa /cat 
 Tw XoyiCTfJia) /cat tt} Staz^ota rov? Trap v/z-tt' vTrep 
 auTov XeyoPTa<; jxicrrjaaL, evOvyiOvix&ov^ ort ovk 
 ez^ecTTt Twj' ttJ? TToXew? i^Opcov KpaTrjaai, irpiv av lo 
 T0U9 et* avTT^ ttJ 7roA.et KoXdcrrjTe v7rr)peT0VPTa<; e/cet- 
 
 54 i^ot?. 6 jLta Tou Ata /cat tou? aWou? Oeov's ov 
 hwiqaeade vfteis Trotrjcrai, a\X* et<? tovto d(fn^0e 
 jxcDpCaq rj 7rapavoia<^ rj ovk e)((o ri Xeyco (TroWa/cts 
 yap ejJiOLy' ineX-qXvBe Koi tovto (j^o/SelorOai, jxt] tl 15 
 SaufjLoi'Lov Ta Trpdyixara iXavprj), coaTe XoiSoyota?, 
 cf)66vov, cTKcofiixaTO'?, rj<i tivo^ av tv^te eveK atrta?, 
 dv6 p(i)7T0v<i ixi(T6o)Tov<i, 0)v ovS' av dpvqOeiev evioi 
 o)? OVK etcrt toiovtoi, Xiyeiv KeXeveTe, /cat yeXare, 
 
 55 dv TiCTL XoLSopr)9(oaiv. Koi ov)(l ttoj tovto Setvov, 2C 
 KaiTTep ov heivov • dXXa /cat /xerct TrXeiovo's dcrcfya- 
 Xeta? TToXiTeveadai SeSw/care tovtol<; rj rot? virep 
 vfXMv Xiyovcriv. KaiToi Oedcracrde otra? (Tvp.^o- 
 pd<; irapaaKevdljei to t(ov tolovtcov iOiXeiv dKpo- / 
 daOat. Xi^oi S' epya a Trdi^re? elcreaOe. 25 
 
 56 'Hcrav a^ ^OXvvOo} tcjv iv rots rrpdyixacn TLve<; 
 [X€v (^LXiinrov /cat irdvO' vTrrjpeTovvTe^ e/cetv&>, rtt'e? 
 Se ot Tov ^eXtlo-tov /cat oVw? /jti7 SovXevcroucrtt' ot 
 TToXtrat TrpdTTovT€<;. iroTepoi S17 ti^i' TrarptSa e^-
 
 RATA <i>iAinnoT r. 43 
 
 (oXecrav ; 17 iroTepoi tov<; tTTTrea.? TrpovSocrau, cju 
 TrpoooOiuTcov OkvuOo^ aTrcoXero ; ol to. ^tXiTnrov 
 (fypouovure^ /cat or rjv r) ttoXis tov<; to, /^eXrtcrra 
 Xeyoj^ras (TVKO(^avTovvTe'^ koX Sia^aXXot're? ovtoj?, 
 T) ctjcrre tov y 'AnoXXcjvLSyjv kol e/cySaXeiz/ 6 S^/xos 6 
 Toii^ ^O\vvdio)v iireicrOrj. 
 
 Ov Toivvv irapa tovtol<; p.6vov to €0o<; tovto 51 
 TToivTa KaKa elpydcraTO, dWodi 8' ovSafjiov • dXX' 
 ei^ 'Eperpta, evretSr) aTraXXayeVro? nXovrctp^ou /cat 
 
 10 Twi/ ^eVaji^ 6 S-^/xo? et;)(e 717^' ttoXiz/ /cat toi' HopOfMou, 
 ol jxeu i(j) vfid<; rjyov to. TTpdyjxara, 01 S' em <l>tXt7r- 
 TTOv. dKovoyTe<i 8e rovrwy rd noWd fj.aKXov ol 
 rakaiTTOipoi /cat Svcrru^et? 'Eperptet? reXevrajfre? 
 eTreiadrjarau tov<; virep avTwv Xeyovra? eK/BaXelv. 
 
 15 /cat yap rot 7re/>ti/;a9 'ImrouLKou o'vpip.a^o<; avrot? 58 
 t^tXtTTTTO? /cat ^eVovs ^tXtov9, TO. T6i)(r} nepLelXe tov 
 UopOfMov /cat rpet? KaTeaTrjcre Tvpdvvov;, "linrap- 
 ^ov, AvTOfieSovTa, KXetrap^ov • /cat jLtera ravr' 
 i^eXrjXaKev e/c rr)? ^wpa? Stg 1787^ /3ovXojxevov^ 
 
 20 (Tco^ecrOaL. 
 
 Kat Tt Set ra ttoXXo, Xiyeiv ; dXX' et* ^flpeai 4>tXt- 59 
 (TTiSrj<; jxkv enpaTTe ^lXittttcp koL MeVtTTTTO? /cat 
 SoiKpdTTj^ Koi 0oa9 /cat 'AyaTrato?, olirep vvv 
 e^oucrt Ti^i^ 77oXti^ (/cat Tavr' i^Secrai^ ctTraz^re?), 
 
 25 Ev(^pato9 8e rt9, dv9poiTTO<i /cat Trap ')7/xt^' ttot ei^- 
 ^d8e olKrj(Ta<^, o7rfo><? iXevdepoL /cat fjLrjSevo'; SovXot 
 ecrovTai. ovto<; Ta fxev dXXa o)? v^pit/ETO /cat TTpo- 60 
 CTn^Xa/ct^ero vtto tou Bijixov, woXXd av eirj Xeyeiv • 
 iviavTco Se trpoTepov Trj^; dX&jcre&j? ivthei^ev w? Trpo-
 
 44 IX- ATIMOE0ENOT2 
 
 ooTy)^ Tov ^ikiaiiZiqv /cat rov<; jxer avrov, alcrOo- 
 fxei/o^i a TTpaTTOvcriv. (TVcrTpa(f)evTe<; 8e avOpoirroi 
 TToXXot Kai -^oprjyop €)(0VTe<s ^iXLTTirov Kai npvTa- 
 vevo^xeuoi, dirdyova-L tov Rv(f)patov el<; to SeajxcoTij- 
 61 pLou W9 crvvTapaTTOVTa Trjv ttoXlv. opcou 8e TavO' 5 
 6 Sr]iJLo<; 6 TOiv 'D,peLT(ov, olptI tov tco fjieu /SorjOelv, 
 Tov<; o' dTTOTv^JLTravicraL, to2<; fjtev ovk oypyit^eTo, tov 
 o €7TLTT]06LOv TavTa TTaOeiv e(f)r) Kai ine^aipev. 
 fieTOL TavO* ol fxev in e^ovcrta? oirocrr)^ rjjSovXovTO 
 enpaTTOv ottco? rj vroXt? Xiq^OrjcreTai, kcu Karecr/ceu- lo 
 at^ovTO TTjv irpd^iv • TOiv Se TroKkoiv et tls aladoiTo, 
 icFLya Koi KaTeTreTrXrjKTo, tov liLvcfipaLOV, ota eira- 
 6e, jxeixvyjixevoL. ovto) 8' d^Xi'co? SceKeLVTo, cjaTe 
 ov irpoTepov iToXfxyjaev ovSei? tolotjtov Ka/cou 
 7rpo(TL6vTO<; prj^o.1 (jicovijv, nplv hiacTKevaadixevoi is 
 TTyoo? ra T€L^r] Trpocryecrav ol TToXijxioi • TiqviKavTa 
 
 net ^' e\5/ «ov 'C>'0 '^C^ 
 
 o-a o Ol fxev iQixvvovTO, OL oe Trpovotooaav. tt]^ oe 
 TToXew? ovTO)<; dXovcr7]<; atcr^oji? Kat KaK(i)<s ol p.kv 
 ap^ovcTi Koi TvpawovcTL, Tov<; TOTe cr(ol^ovTa<; av- 
 Tov^ Kai TOV Kv(f)paiov eTOLfxov^ otlovv TTOieiv ovTa<; 20 
 TOV9 fxev iK^aXovTe^, tov^ 8e dTTOKT€ivavTe<;, 6 8' 
 Eu^pato? eKelvo^ dnea^a^ev eavTOv, cpyo) jxapTv- 
 pTjcra^ OTL Koi StKatoj? kol KaOapC)^ inrep twv ttoXl- 
 
 TCiiV dvd€L(TTT]K€L ^tXlTTTTW. 
 
 63 Tt ovv TTOT aiTiov, Oavpidt^eT tcr&j?, to /cat tov<s 25 
 
 OXvvOiov; KOL TOv<i 'Eperptet? /cat Tov<i 'flpeLTa<s 
 
 '^Slov 7rpo9 Tov<i vTrep ^lXlttttov XeyovTa<; ^xeiv rj 
 
 Tov<; vTvep kavTOiv ; oirep /cat Trap^ vjxlv, otl tol<s 
 
 fLev VTrep tov /^eXTuaTOv Xeyovcnv ovSe /BovXofxe-
 
 KATA 'I'TATnnOT T 45 
 
 uoi<; evecTTiv ^viore 7rpo<; ^dpiv ovSeu eliTeiv • ra yap 
 npayixar avayKTj aKorrelv ott&j? crio9rj(TeTai • ot 8* 
 iv avTol<; ot? ^aptlpvTaL ^tXtTTTTOj avixrrpdTTOvaiv. 
 €l(T(f)epeLv eKekevov, ol S' ovSo* Setz^ e<f)aaau • noke- 64 
 s /xet^' /cat ^0117 Trtcrevett', ot 8' dyetv elprjviqv, €(o<; 
 iyKaT€kT]<f>Or)(Tap. rakka top avTOV rpoirov ot/xat 
 Trai/f; , ii^a /xt; /<at7 CK-acrra keyco • ot /xei/, €9 ot? 
 ^apiovvTai, TavT ekeyov, ot S', e|^ wi^ efxekkov croi- 
 6rj(Te(T$ai. irokkd Se /cat ra reXevrata ov^ ovTcoq 
 
 10 ouoe 7rpo9 ^dpiv ovBe St' dyvoioM ol TTokkot npocTL- 
 euTO, dW v7roKaTaKkiv6[X€i>oL, evretS^ rot? oXot? 
 rjTTacrOaL ii/ofju^ou. o vrj top Ata /cat roi/ 'AttoXXoj r.f) 
 
 eooLKa eyoj p.rj naorjTe v/u,et9, eireioav eiorjTe e/c- 
 Xoyt^ojaej^ot fx'qoei' iv vfiLv evov. /catrot /at) yei'otro 
 
 I'* /xeV, CO dpope<; \\6r)vaL0L, to. npdyfxaT ev tovtm • 
 TeOvdvai oe ixvpLdKi<; KpecTTOv rj KokaKeia tl ttoltJ- 
 crat fi>Lki7r7rov. Kok'rjv y ot TroXXot vvv d7reLkrj(f)a- Gf! 
 
 O^tl^ ^flpeLTMU ^dpiV, OTL Tol<; OtXtTTTTOV ^tXot? 
 
 ineTpexfjau aurov?, roi' S' FjV(f)paiov iotdovu • Kakrjv 
 y 6 Srjfxo<; 6 'Kperpiecov, on tov<; fieu v^eTepov^ 
 7r/3e(T/5et9 aTnjkacre, KXetrap^o) S' eve^o)K€u avTOv • 
 oouXeuovo't ye p-aaTiyovixevoi /cat affyarrofxevoL. 
 Kakojq 'OkyuOiMP itpeicraTo twv tov fxeu AaaOeur) 
 iTTTTap^ov ^etporovqadpTOiv, top Se 'AttoXXoj^'iS-i^z/ 
 iKf3ak6vTcop. jxojpLa /cat /ca/cta ra rotavra ikml^eLv, 6/ 
 /cat /caKw? /Sovkevofxepov; /cat fxyjoei' oiv npocryJKeL 
 TToieiv idekoPTaq, " aXXa tw^' vvrep rw?/ i^dpoiv 
 keyovTGiv aKpooifxevov^, TrjkLKavTrju rjyeLcrOaL nokiu 
 OLKCLP TO jxey€0o<;, ajore p-yjoi' av otlo'vv f* heivov 
 
 20
 
 46 IX. AHM02eEN0T2 
 
 68 TreCcrecrOaL. Kai ixrju /cdfce«/o ye ala")(pou, vcrrepou 
 TTOT ehrelv, " tl<; yap av <}>yj0y) ravra yeveaOai ; vr) 
 Tov Ata, eSet yap to /cat to TTOLrjo'aL, Kal to jxt) ttoi- 
 Tjaat. TToAAa au enreiv e^otez^ (javvolol vvv, a 
 TOT el jrpoeihovTo, ovk av ancoXovTO • ttoXX' av s 
 'npetrat, noXXa Ooi/cet?, iroWa Ta)v aTToXcoXoTcov 
 
 69 eKacTTOL. dXXa tl tovtosv 6(f)eXo<i aurots ; eo)? az' 
 a'(x)t,y)Tai to (TKd(f)0<;, av re /u-e^{o^' aV t' eXaTTOv fj, 
 TOTe )(pr) Kol vavTTjv Kal Kv/^epvqTrjv Kal ttovt av- 
 Spa e^rj^ 7rpo6vixov<; elvat, Kal 6Va>9 fJLrjB' eKOiv (xrJT* M 
 aKcov [Jir)Sel<i dvaTpexjjeL, tovto (TKOTrelaOai • eTreihdv 
 
 70 he rj BdXaTTa vTrepa^Q), p.dTaLo<^ rj cnrovhrj. Kal 
 T^/xet? TOivvv, o) dvSpe^i ^ XO-qvaioi, ew? ecrfjcev crwot^ 
 ttoXlv fJLeytcTTrjv e^ovTe<i, d(f)op[JLd<; TrXetcrra?, d^icoixa 
 KdXXicTTov, — Tl TroLcojxev; irdXai rt? T^Sew? av Ceroid w 
 epojTrjaojv KdOrjTat. iyo) vr) A" epw, Kal ypdxjjco 
 he, axTTe av ^ovXr^crOe ^eipoTovqaeTe. avTol irpw- 
 Tov dixwofxevQi, Kal TrapacTKevat^oixevoi, Tpvijpecn 
 Kal '^ij[jLacn Kal crTpaTL(oTaL<; Xeyoi • (/cat yap av 
 diravTe^ S-^ttov hovXeveiv CTvy^oiprj(T(t)cnv ol dXXoL, 20 
 
 71 TjixLv y vtrep Trj<; iXevOepia^ dyoiviaTeov •) TavTa Srj 
 TTOvTa avTOi TrapecTKevaa'ixevoi /cat 7roL7](ravTe<; (f)a- 
 vepd Tov<; dXXov<; '^hyj irapaKoXoiy^^ev, Kal Tov<i TovTa 
 StSa^oi'Ta? e/cTre/xTTw/xei^ 7rpeV/3et9, Iv idv fxev irei- 
 (TTfTe, KOLV(ji)vov<; e)(r)Te Kal tmv klvSvvcov Kal tmv 25 
 dvaXoifxdTOiV, av tl her), el he [xtj, ^p6vov<; ye efXTroi- 
 
 72 rJTe rot? Trpdyixacnv. eTreihrj ydp ecrrt Trpo? dvhpa 
 
 Kal OU^t (TVVeCTT 00(77}'? TToXeCO? llT)(VV 6 TToXejXOf;, 
 
 ovhe TOVT d^y)(TTOv, ovS' at irepvai rrpea^eiai
 
 10 
 
 KATA 4>IAinnOY T. 47 
 
 nepi TTjv HeXoTTOi/urjcTov eKeivai /cat Kanqyopiai, as 
 iyui /cai noXvev/cro? 6 ^eXTicTTO'; eKeivocrt koI 'Hyq- 
 (rtTTTTOs /cat ot aXXot Tr/aeV/Set? TrepLTJXOofxeu, koI 
 inoLijcrafMev eTricr^eiv eKelvov /cat /otr^r' ctt' ^A/x^pa- 
 Kiav iXdelu /jltJt' es HeXoTro^'z^cro^' opfxrja-aL. ov 73 
 fxivToi Xiyoi fxirjoeu avTov<i vnep avTOiv avayKoiov 
 e6iXovTa<i iroieiv rov<^ dXXovi TrapaKaXecv • /cat yap 
 evr)0e<; ra ot/ceta avrov? 7rpoejjL€i'ov<; ruiv aXXoTpicov 
 (f)dcr!<€LJ/ KrjoecrOai, /cat to, rrapovra Treptopoji'Tas 
 vnep TOiv fxeXXouTcov Tov<i dXXov<; (f)o/3etv. ov Xiyoi 
 ravra, dXXa rot? fiev ii/ 'Keppovtjcra) ^(pTJixaT diro- 
 (TTeXXuv (jiYjixi Set^' /cat rdXXa ocra d^tovcrt Troteu^, 
 avTov<i Se TrapacTKeydt^eadai, tov^ S' aXXov? "EXXt^- 
 ^'a9 cTf y/caXetf , avvdyeiv, StSctc/cet^', vovOereLv * ravr' 
 
 15 ecrrt TroXeoj? d^loifxa i^ovarjs rjXiKov vixlv vTrdp^ei. 
 el 8' oleaOe XaX/ctSe'a? ri^i^ 'EXXaSa crdiaeLu ^ 74 
 Meyayoea?, v/xet? S' diroSpdcrecrOaL Ta Trpdyfxara, 
 ovK 6p6a)<g oUcrOe • dyair'qTov ydp, av avTol crco- 
 i,(ouTaL TOVTOiv eKacTTOL. dXX' vfjiLu TOVTO TrpaK- 
 
 20 Teop • vpXv ot vpoyouoL tovto to yepa? eKTrjaavTo 
 Koi KaTeXiTTOv [xerd ttoXXcot/ /cat jxeydXcDV kluSvucov. 
 ct 8' o IBovXerai tjjTOiv e/cacrro? /ca^eSetrat, Kat 75 
 OTTW? ixTjSeu avT09 TTOLTJcreL (TKOTTOiv, rrpwTov ph/ 
 ovSe p.ij TTod' evpy Tov'i Trotr^croi^ra?, eireLTa SeSot/ca 
 
 25 oVw? ^']7 TrdvO" dpa, oaa ov /3ovX6p,e6a, iroieiv 
 Tjixiv dvdyKT) yeurjcreTai. 
 
 'Eya> p.ev Srj ravra Xeyco, raOra ypdcfjo) • /cat ot- 76 
 o/i-at /cat fw ert eTrauopdcDOrjuaL av rd irpdypara 
 rovTOiv yvyvop^evoiv • el he rt? e^ei, tovtcjp jSeXriou,
 
 48 IX. AHM02eEN0T2 KATA •I'lAinnOY T. 
 
 Xeyerco kol avfx/BovXeveTO). o tl S' vjjlli^ So^et, 
 TOVTt ui irduTes deoi, avviveyKoi.
 
 NOTES
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 
 I. 
 
 
 H. 
 
 
 G. 
 
 
 M. 
 
 L. 
 
 &S. 
 
 , VI, 
 
 , IX. 
 
 Introduction. 
 
 Hadley and Allen's Greek Grammar. 
 
 Goodwin's Greek Grammar (Revised Edition). 
 
 ■ Goodwin's Greek Moods and Tenses (1890). 
 
 ■ Liddell and Scott's Greek-English Lexicon (Seventh 
 
 Edition). 
 Philippics A, B, r.
 
 NOTES. 
 
 IV. 
 
 ANALYSIS. 
 
 Part I. — Preparatory Warnings and Encouragements, §§ 1-12. 
 
 Part II. — Practical Recommendations, §§ 13-30. 
 
 Part III. — Supplementary Arguments and Appeals, §§ 31-51. 
 
 I. — a. Exordium: The orator apologizes for talcing precedence of older 
 speakers, § 1. 
 /*. The situation of Athens, though disgraceful, is not hopeless, § 2. 
 
 c. The heroic achievements of the city in the past are au encouragement 
 
 for the future ; while, on the other hand, Philip has shown himself 
 an enemy too dangerous to be neglected, § 3. 
 
 d. Philip was not daunted at the outset of liis career by his inferiority in 
 
 strength to Athens. Athens, by imitating his example, will meet 
 with a success like his, §§ 4-8. 
 
 e. But the consequences of continued neglect will be fatal, §§ 9-12. 
 
 II. — a. Prothesis : Statement of siibjects to be discussed, and request for a 
 deliberate hearing, §§ 13-15. 
 6. Such preparations ought to be made that, when necessity arises, a 
 sudden expedition may be made against Philip, §§ lG-18. 
 
 c. Above all, a small, permanent force ought to be organized, — one- 
 
 fourth to be Athenians, three-fourths mercenaries, §§ 19-22. 
 
 d. Justification of the smallness of the force, and of its composition, 
 
 §§ 23-27. 
 
 e. Estimate of expenses, and statement of ways and means, §§ 28-30. 
 
 III. —a. Geographical considerations which reinforce the demand for a per- 
 manent force to hover near the Macedonian coast, §§ 31-32. 
 
 b. The good results which will flow from the adoption of the measures 
 
 recommended, §§ 33-34. 
 
 c. The folly of waiting till the hour of need before making military 
 
 preparations, §§ 35-41. 
 
 d. Philip's restless activity is a sign of divine favor toward the Atheni- 
 
 ans, § 42. 
 
 e. Who are again conjured to participate personally in military affairs, 
 
 §§ 43-46. 
 /. Only so can justice be done to the generals, and the habit of idle 
 
 gossip be put down, §§ 47-50. 
 ff. Peroration : The orator has spoken plainly, in the hope of doing 
 
 good, § 51. 
 
 61
 
 52 NOTES. 
 
 1. — For the technical terms used in this section, see I. § 60. — Et 
 . . . \€7€iv, 7/, me)i of Athens, some new matter were the subject of de- 
 hate. ei.irpovTideTo implies ov irpoTideTai. The action of the presiding 
 officer denoted by irpoTidivai is here thought of as continuing during 
 the discussion. If it had been thought of as consisting merely in 
 the annomicement of the subject, et irpoiiTiOr) would have been used. 
 With the conception here adopted, cf. Isok. viii, 15 : irape\rikv6a 
 diro(pavoijp,ei'os a rvyxO'Vw yiyvdicTKiov irepi tou ol trpVTdi'eLs irpoTidia<nv. — 
 tiricrxwv, having loalted. The following cLv is repeated with ijyov and 
 eireipup.rju. H. 864 ; G. 1312 (not H. 987 ; G. 1308). — twv tiaQorav : 
 SC. yvuixrjv dTrocpaiveadai. — d,ir€(j)ifjvavTO. H. 915 ; G. 1465 ; cf. the 
 construction in final clauses, H. 884. — viirtp cSv = inrep tovtuv vwip 
 <Sv, and virip = vepl. H. 807 C ; G. 1218 (c). — iroWdKis irporepov. 
 The assembly had had to take measui'es in regard to Philip repeatedly. 
 I. 15-18, 21-23. — Kai irptoTos dvao-rds, though I have risen first. For 
 /cat, see H. 979 ; G. 1573. — «... \p6vov. See below, § 2. — av 
 i'Sci. The expression edei dv {xRV" ^'') f'""' implies ov 8ei (xpi) thai, 
 while eSet {xpV") f^^'tt' generally implies oi/k eVrtv, but is sometimes used 
 in the sense of eSet dv {xpv" Siv) elvat. H. 897 and a ; G. 1400-1401. — 
 The foregoing exordium is modelled freely upon that of Isokrates's 
 Archidamus. Thus not uufrequently the Greek orators borrowed 
 from one another or from earlier orations of their own. D.'s apology 
 for opening the debate may imply that some lingering respect was 
 still j)aid to the ancient rule, attributed to Solon, according to which 
 citizens over fifty years of age had precedence in the Ekklesia over 
 their juniors. 
 
 2. — o5v : here, as often, not inferential but transitional. Trans- 
 late by then or now. ■ — Sokci : SC. rd wapovra Trpdy/xaTa. — o . . . ■^(vi- 
 o-Oai. Nearly the same words recur in IX, 5. The meaning of « 
 . . . xp^""^ appears from the phrase if rots wapeXrfKvdbai. there substi- 
 tuted. See L. & S. e/c II, 3, and cf. the Latin expressions, de nocte, 
 by night, de die, by day, etc. — ti ovv . . . YeveVOai. What then is 
 this ? It is the fact that affairs are in a wretched plight on account of 
 your doing no part of your duty, since certainly, if they were so in spite 
 of your doing everything which you ought, there would not be even a 
 hope of their being improved. That is to say : the most disgraceful 
 thing in our recent history is that we have suffered great losses 
 through otir own apathy and neglect ; but in this very fact there is 
 encouragement for the future, for if inaction has ruined, energy may 
 repair, our fortunes. ttoloiji'tuv v/xQu expre.sses cause, TrparTovTwv, 
 coucessiou. With a TrpoaijKe understand irpdmii'. The tense of
 
 NOTES. 5 
 
 Q 
 
 irpocrrjKe may be expkiiuud by II. 8o4, G. 1400, but better, in this 
 instance, by the principle of attraction. Cf. G. 1440 ; M. 559. yev^- 
 (T^ot depends upon Attis. H. 952 ; G. 1521. Fur its tense, see M. 100. 
 
 3. — i'lrtixa. After elra or iireLra, following TrpcDrov /ueV, 54 is com- 
 monly omitted. Cf. §§ 10, 04. — €v6vjjiiit£ov . . . dva(ii|AVTjo-KO|A«voi.s. 
 The expression here lacks concinnity. If completed as begun, it 
 would read, evdviirjTiov (sc. vixiv) koL Trap dWtjjv aKovovai /cat avTots dva- 
 /j,ifj.i'r]<rKOix4poLS, where Trap dWoiv aKovovai. and avrois dvafxiiJ.urjffKOfx^i'ois 
 would be parallel expressions, applicable respectively to the younger 
 and older members of the audience. But rols dSbaiv is inserted as if 
 there had preceded to?s eib6<n vap' fiXXwc dKo6ovcn or simj)ly ro?% Trap' 
 dWuv dKo^ov<7i, and dvaixifivrjcrKoixivoLi becomes a circumstantial parti- 
 ciple with eld6(XLv, making an expression comparable to the o'lda d/coiycoi/ 
 of § 24. Translate : In the second place, it ought to be considered, 
 both as you hear it from utJiers, and by those of you who know it from 
 personal recollection. — t|\iktiv — ws. As two or more interrogatives, 
 so two or more relatives, may, in Greek, be combined without a 
 copula in dependent questions and exclamations. Cf. § 30, Trore . . . 
 Ti del iroieiv, and H. 1012, 1013. Translate : how great power the Luce- 
 dcBmonians once had, not long ago, and yet how nobly, etc. — i^ . . . 
 iroXvs (sc. eo-Tt) : an adverbial formula, used in the sense of oii wpb 
 TToXXoO. — Twv SiKaiwv, t he rlghL — tov iroXeiiov refers to the Corin- 
 thian or Boiotian War, or both. I. 2, 4. — ctSiiTe Kal 0edorT|o-0€. I. 02. 
 — <j>vX.aTTO|A€vois = dv (pvXdTTTjade. — toiovtov . . . poviXoio-Ge, such as 
 you would wish, in a satisfactory condition. The expression is ui the 
 same construction as (po^epbv. — irapaSeiYftao-i : in pred. agreement 
 with TTi pw/xT) and tt; v^pei. H. 777 a. The relations of Athens with 
 Sparta and with Philip illustrate or exemplify the statements just 
 made as universally true. — ck . . . voi3v, in consequence of giving heed 
 to affairs. — tovtov : Philip. — €k . . . exP'H'' = ^'^ "'""^ fi-qSev (ppovTl^etv 
 To'uTwv wv (ppovTi'geiv ixpv^- fJiV^^" is cogn. ace. 
 
 4. — TO . . . ditoXwXe'vai, thpfict. thiif. nil thp. fnrtifip.d tmmvi (i.e., those 
 about to be named) h ave bee n lost. — jjievToi : a more emphatic adversa- 
 tive than 5^. — IlvSvav . . . tovtov. I. 0, 16, 17, 18. — oIkciov kvkXw. 
 The natui-al order would be KVKXip oiKeiov, but this would give a hiatus. 
 I. 61. oUeiov = as our own , kv kXw =j r»ind. (ihntit.^ i.e., aromid the 
 Thermaic Gulf. — iroXXd . . . 'Ktivo): applicable to the Pa;onians, 
 Illyrians, and Thessalians. I. 13, 18, 21. — (a€t' €K€ivov, on his side, 
 ranged loith him. So below, § 8. 
 
 5. — ti TavTT]v €<rxe ttiv yvwhtiv, if he had conceived this idea, d eixe 
 would mean, if he held or if he had held. — lmTn.\l<r\i.a.Ta. . . . x^pas,
 
 \ 
 
 54 NOTES. 
 
 strongholds commanding his country, referring to Pydiia, Potidfea, 
 and Methone. x^pas is objective gen. — av belongs both to firpa^ev 
 and to e/cTTjo-aro. G. 1314 ; M. 226. — wv. H. 996 a ; G. 1032. — 
 Tavra . . . u£(rw. Cf. Xen. Anab. 3, 1, 21 ; iv fiecru) yap r]5ri Keirai. ravra 
 TO, dyada dOXa, otrdrepoi &v TjfiCjv dvdpes dp.eLvoves (Ixnv. Similarly Arrian, 
 Anab. 5, 26, 7. The metaphor is taken from the ancient custom of 
 giving prizes of intrinsic value for success in the games, and exposuig 
 these to view near the contestants. See Horn. H. 18, 507 : kuto 5' dp' 
 iv ixiacrouri. bvu} xpvcroXo rdXavra ; Virg. ^n. 5, 292 ff. 
 
 6. — Kal -ydp tow, and so, a common collocation of particles in D., 
 similar to roLydproi in meaning. Cf. IX, 58. — xpiio-diAevos, having 
 adopted, by adopting ; how different from xp^f^^^o^ ? — to, \uv — to, St : 
 unsymmetrical construction, ra fx^v is in partitive apposition with 
 irdvTa, rd di is object of Tron]ad/jL€vos. — to 8€. To this category the 
 Olynthians and Thessalians belonged. I. 17, 20-21. — eOeX'/jo-iiTt. 
 ede\7J<Tai differs from eOiXetv nearly as to resolve from to wish. — -ytvt- 
 a-Qai €irl, to take your stand upon. 
 
 ^7. — Kal €Ka(rTos . . ■ o-TpaT€v€(r0ai, and each one of you, abandoning 
 all evasion, shall become ready to act where he is needed and where he 
 could make himself of service to the city, the man of property to pay 
 taxes, and the man of military age to serve in the army, elpwvda is 
 dissimulation of one's abilities in order to escape onerous duties. On 
 d<T(t>ip€iv, consult Diet. Antiq., EISPHORA, and I. 56. On the mili- 
 tary age at Athens, see I. 54. — o-weXovTi dirXcos, briefly and simply, 
 in one word (lit. for one comprehending the matter in a simple state- 
 ment). With ffvvekbvTL, elTreTv is generally iised. H. 771 b ; G. 1172, 2. 
 — vjiwv avTuv -yevco-Gai, to rely upon yourselves. vp.Cov is pred. gen. of 
 possession. H. 732 a ; G. 1094, 1. The same idea is expanded in 
 what follows, Trai(Ty)ffOe . . . irpd^eiv. — ovSev. An infinitive dependent 
 upon iXirigu) is commonly negatived by /xt?, but sometimes by ov. In 
 this sentence the mood of wavcnqade might at first be thovight to require 
 the use of iJ.-r]Uv (H. 1027 ; G. 1610), but ovbkv is admissible, because 
 the hope here referred to is one actually existing. — Kal Td v|AeT«p' 
 avTwv begins the apodosis. On aiirubv, see II. 092, 2 ; G. 1003. — The 
 argument of §§ 4-7, though stirring and hence satisfactory for the 
 purposes of oratory, is not logically cogent ; for the success of an 
 energetic Philip over an inactive Athens affords no ground for expect- 
 ing the success of an energetic Athens over an energetic Philip. Only 
 on the supposition of Philip's sinking into apathy at the same time 
 that Athens aroused herself, would the two compared cases be at all 
 correspondent.
 
 NOTES. 55 
 
 8. — iTtini^ivai dOdvara, are fixed for ever. The pred. adj. dOdvara 
 is proleptic, i.e., expresses the result of the verb. — tis, many a one. 
 The remark, /xurei . . . <pdovei, is applicable^ to the Pseoiiians, Illyrians, 
 and Thessalians. — Kal t«v . . . exeiv, even of those, etc. — irdw : sep- 
 arated, to avoid hiatus, from otVeiws, which it modifies. — Kal diravO' 
 . . . Ivctvai, and all those passions ivhich exist in an// other men, we 
 must suppose to exist also in his folloiuers. For evt, see H. 78.5 a ; G. 
 116, 2. Kai, also, is often used, as here, in both the demonstrative 
 and the relative clause. H. 1042. — KOiTiiTrr\xe. II. 849 ; G. 126-3. — 
 irdvra ravra, all these feelings or passions, like airavra in the prec. 
 sentence. — diroo-Tpo<|)T)v : virtually equivalent to KaTa<f>vyT)v. The 
 idea is that, if Athens takes vigorous measures against Philip, the 
 various forms of dissatisfaction in his empire, which do not now dare 
 to show their heads, will rally about her. 
 
 9. — TO irpdYfjia, the state of the case, explained by what follows. — 
 aa-tXydas : gen. partitive. H. 757 ; G. 1088. — <os <j>a(j-i throws the 
 responsibility for the statement upon common report. — Kal ovx, . • . 
 irepio-Toixt^trai, and is not the man to rest in possession of ivhat he has 
 conquered (lit. holding the thi'ngs which he has conquered to rest upon 
 these), but is ever compassing something more and drawing his nets 
 about us on all sides, while we delay and sit at ease, /xiveiv depends 
 upon olos. H. 1000 ; G. 1520. wpocr- in TvpoairepifidWeraL signifies in 
 addition; for the rest of the word see L. & S. irepLlBdWw. In -rrepi- 
 aroixi'^eTa.i we have a metaphor from hunting. See L. & S. arolxos II. 
 
 10. — €ir€iSdv Ti yivr]Tai. H. 1012. — £ir€i8dv ...■§: a fictitious 
 answer, professing to state what is in the minds of the audience, vi] 
 Ala and the corresponding negative fid Aia were common colloquial- 
 isms, amounting to hardly more than intensive particles, vij Ala may 
 here, as often, be translated forsooth, the sentence being spoken in 
 a tone implying dissent or contempt on the part of the orator. ■ — tC. 
 H. 726 ; G. 1077. ■ — t-yw \i.kv ^dp, For I, for my part, yap introduces 
 the reason for the implied answer {xpv rd yiyvd/xeva dvdyK-qv ijyeTadai) 
 to the preceding question. fj.iv is used here, as often, without a cor- 
 relative 5^, serving to give special prominence to iyw as against pos- 
 sible dissentients. Cf. VI, 16. — dwi : used interjectionally, like dye 
 and (p^pe, without regard to the number of persons addressed. — 
 ir€pii6vT«s, sauntering about, lounging about. Cf. § 48 ; VI, 14. — 
 avTwv = dWiqXuv. H. 686 a and b ; G. 995, 996. — Xc-ycraC ti kuivov ; 
 Cf. Acts of the Apostles, xvii, 21. — -YevoiTO ^dp dv, why, could there 
 be f yap is often thus used in animated (luestious, and this use is 
 probably not to be derived from its value as a causal conjunction,
 
 56 NOTES. 
 
 but to be regarded as one of the relics of its original value as an 
 intensive particle. 
 
 11. — T€6vTjK€ . . . aa-dtvtl. The orator repeats dramatically a ques- 
 tion and answer, supposed to be exchanged by two Athenians. For 
 the allusion, see I. 23. — ov ti irdOTj. L. & S. wda-x^ II, 3, b. So 
 below, § 12. — ovTw : i.e., as you have been doing. — ovSe "ydp ovtos, 
 for not even this man, i.e., the existing Philip, in opposition to the 
 future Philip, whom Athenian negligence might be expected to raise 
 up. — irapd, on account of. Cf. IX, 2. 
 
 12. — KaCroi Kttl TovTO, But still further. H. 612. — tA rfjs tvxtis : 
 hardly different in meaning from i] t^xv- D- is fond of such peri- 
 phrases. Cf. § 32, TO tQv Trvev/jLaTiav ; § 45, to ttjs t^xi]^ SXid rb tQv 
 dedv ; IX, 45, rh tQv 'EWrivuv. H. 621 b ; G. 953, end. — ri iKp . . . 
 CTri^eXoviJLeGa = t) irep ael ^iXriov tj/jluv eTri^ieXetVat tj rjfj.€?s rifiwv aiiT&v. 
 In our sentence the verb is omitted in the first and expressed in the 
 second member of the comparison, a construction contrary to the 
 constant English, and the prevailing Greek custom. Cf. § 34, oix 
 ua-rrep k.t.\. — Kai roiir' : i.e., his death, implied in et n. iridoi. — 
 Ho-O' : probably imperative, while in IX, 30, KaKetvo ye la-re, the form 
 is indicative. — ovres = «' etijre. — i-iricrTavTes, l^utting yourselves at the 
 head of. — SiSovtwv twv Kaipwv = el oi Kaipol 8i5o?ev. On didduruv, see 
 H. 825 ; G. 1255. — 'Ap,<|)i"iroXiv. I. 14, 15. — a.-jn]pri\\i€vo{,, far removed, 
 the opposite of irXiqa-lov ovres. awr\pTrifx.4voi . . . yvdip.ais explains cJs vvv 
 exere. 
 
 13. — 'fls . . . eroi(i(os. Construe: cJs fiev otv Set (y/xas) airavras 
 virapxeiv edeXovras Trotetf eToip-ws to, irpoa-qKovra, and make the clause 
 dependent upon \eyuv. virdpxei-v id^Xovras, a favorite form of expres- 
 sion with D., is hardly different in meaning from edeXeiv. M. 830, end. 
 — cos . . • •7r€'7r€i<rp.€vwv, in the assurance that you know and believe it. 
 H. 978 ; G. 1574. — tov rpoirov rfjs irapao-KCvfis — to irXTiOos — iropovs 
 XpT]|i.aT«v : three tojpics to be treated. The first two are taken up 
 together, §§ 19-27, the last by itself, §§J8-30. See the Analysis. — 
 ocrov — ovcTTivas : SC. aTraXXd^ai civ . . . otopai. — Kal St), at once. — 
 Se-qOels . . . toctoCtov, asking from you, men of Athens, tiothing but 
 this. Toa-ovTov refers to what follows, and is cognate accusative. 
 
 14. — KpivaT€ — -irpoXaiiPaveTe. Notice the change of tense. The 
 former verb denotes an act to take place at the conclusion of the 
 exposition ; the latter, a continued state of mind during the exposi- 
 tion. irpoXap.pdveiv here = to be prejudiced, to prejudge, irpbrepov is 
 pleonastic. — «| dpxfis, at first. — ol elirovTcs, those who say. In such 
 cases as this the aorist participle retains its original meaning, not
 
 NOTES. 57 
 
 denoting past time, and differing from the present participle only in 
 not representing the action as prolonged or repeated. — ets 8€ov, to the 
 purpose. Cf. § 40, ei's 5iov n. 
 
 15. — tCs . . • 8vvifj<r€Tat, ivhat armament being provided, and how 
 great, and from what source, will be able to hold out; i.e., what must 
 be the composition and the size and the means of support of an arma^ 
 inent lohich shall be able to hold out. The clause rei)eats the threefold 
 division of the subject given § i;l — ireio-ec'vTts implies a satisfactory 
 adjustment by treaty. — ovrm : i.e., if the war should be ended in 
 either of the ways just mentioned. — tov Xomtov : how different from 
 rd \onr6v ? H. 759, end ; G. 11.36. — [kr\ : used instead of ouon account 
 of the inf. ex""- H. 1027. — to Be . . . Sdxru., but the case shall at 
 once enter the proof that I have promised what I can perform, wpdyfia 
 is here used, as often, in the sense of a law-suit (cf. Lat. res), and the 
 metaphor from judicial procedure is kept up by Kpiral. 
 
 16. — On the Athenian navy, see I. 53. — irevTrJKovTa : a moderate 
 pi-oportion of the whole number. — ilr. See eVetra, § 3, note. — 
 avTovs — avTois (sc. vfids — v/xiv or iifids — • ijfiiv) : emphatic. The 
 Athenians must act in person, not trust to mercenaries. — «s tr\tv- 
 o-reov : SC Sf. L. & S. oJs C, I, 3, end ; M. 917, 918, 919. The omis- 
 sion of dv occurs occasionally after ws. Cf. M. 911. — lav n Sir\, if 
 there be any need; if , perchance, it be necessary. Cf. IX, 71. — tois 
 T||jii(rc(rt. : dat. of advantage. The gender and number of the word 
 are determined by tQv l-mriuv. On the Athenian iinreh, see I. 52. 
 
 17. — Tavra \iiv : repeated at the beginning of § 19, where the ex- 
 pected 5^ follows. — rds . . . arpareias, those (well-known) sudden 
 expeditions of his, etc. On i^a.l(pvr]s, see H. 600 ; G. 952, 1. For the 
 position of raiJTas and avroO, see H. 673 c ; G. 975. The words els 
 . . . /Soi^Xerat are attributive to a-rpareias. When a noun preceded by 
 the article has several attributives, one of these sometimes follows the 
 noun without the article ; moreover, to a verbal noun, like o-rpare/as, 
 even though it have no attributive before it, attributive prepositional 
 phrases are sometimes annexed without the article. — IlvXas — Xeppo- 
 vTi<rov — "OXvvOov. I. 22, 23, 28. — Ik . . . aYav, avmking from this 
 excessive indolence. — wo-ircp : sc. cipfxricraTe. — Eijpoiav — 'AXCaprov — 
 IltiXas. I. 6, 2, 22. — <)>ao-iv. The Attic orators generally refer to 
 oral tradition rather than to books as the source of historical informa- 
 tion. Cf. §§ 23, 24 ; IX, 48. 
 
 18. — Surely it (i.e., the preparation T recommend) is not altogether 
 to be despised, even if you vjould not do that (i.e., make sudden expe- 
 ditions), as I say you ought; (on the contrary, it is worth while), in
 
 58 NOTES. 
 
 order that he either may know you to he in readiness . . . and keep quiet 
 through fear, or, disregarding these preparations, may he caught off his 
 guard, etc. For av with iroiriaa.i.T , see L. & S. S.v B, III, d ; G. 1421, 3. 
 et'Stis ei)Tpe7rers y/ctas = et'Scis u/xas &VTa.s eiTpeveii. Cf. § 41, eaj' iv Xeppo- 
 v-rjaij} Trvd7]<Tde '^iXnnrov. The omission of the copula is common in such 
 cases in Greek, as in Enghsh. — elcri — eto-lv : not the copula, but the 
 substantive verb. — ol . . . lla-yYs'XXovTes. I. 27. — jiTjSevos : masc. or 
 neut. ; used rather than ovoevbs on account of the mode of Xrjcpdrj. 
 H. 1027. — irXeiv depends upon 6vtos e/xTroocbv. M. 807 a. TrXeif . . . 
 X(j!>pa.v must be distinguished from the sort of expedition referred to 
 at the end of tlie preceding section. D. means to say that even if tlie 
 Athenians do not make sudden expeditions to meet Philip and check 
 his advances, they may descend upon his territory when he is absent 
 or unprepared. — evSS : sc. 6 ^iXi-mros. 
 
 19. — To the comparatively commonplace and unimportant recom- 
 mendations of §§ 16-18, D. does not recur in thecourse of the oration, 
 just as in the introductory passage, §§ 13-15, he does not appear to 
 have had them in view. His main effort is to secure the adoption of 
 the measures set fortli in §§ 19-22. The novel features of his plan 
 (cf. § 14, cLv 5o/cw TLvi Kai.vT)v TrapacTKevrjp Xeyetv) are these : (1) the force 
 to be raised is to be a permanent one ; (2) it is to be composed, to the 
 extent of one fourth part, of Athenians ; (3) after serving for a fixed 
 term, the Athenian members of the force are to be relieved by fellow- 
 citizens. On the whole subject, see I. 52, 54. — ScSox^ai — irapeo-Kcvd- 
 trGai. While the aorist infinitives would denote the performance of 
 the actions, the perfects denote the condition of their having been 
 performed. But, in this connection, there is no more difference of 
 sense than in English between These preparations ought to be adopted 
 and These preparations ought to exist. Cf . M. 109, 1 10. — i*'^ |ioi : 
 sc. Xe'fere or Xeyiru tis. H. 612. — €inCTToXi|Aaiovs 8vvq|1€IS, paper- 
 forces; i.e., forces promised in letters (eina-ToXai) to generals abroad, 
 but not actually sent. Cf. §§ 30, 45. For the meaning and position 
 of Taijras, see § 17, rai^ras, note. — dXX' : SC. dwa/xip riva. — rijs iroXews, 
 under the control of the city. — kov — kciv. These particles, literally 
 meaning hoth if — and if, regularly correspond to our ivhether — or. 
 In this instance we must either take the koI of the first Kb.v as mean- 
 ing and, and suppose that hv — kKv are used in the sense of kAv — Khv, 
 a use for which no i:)arallel has been found ; or we must, with several 
 editors, insert koI into the text after ea-rai. — t6v Seiva, So-and-so. 
 6 SeTva often refers to a particular person, whom one cannot or will 
 not call by name ; here, and regularly in D. , it is used like the
 
 NOTES. 59 
 
 English Mr. A. or Mr. B., where a particular name would be appro- 
 priate, but none is definitely indicated. It thus differs from ns and 
 6(j-Ti<Tovi>, which are wholly indefinite in meaning. — ovrtvovv. L. & S. 
 6<TTis IV, 2, b ; H. 1002 a. — Tpo«(>Tiv = (TiT-rjpiffiov. See I. 55. 
 
 20.^ — co-Ttti . . . €^€1 : the same threefold division as in §§ 13, 15. — 
 ravra •iroieiv : i.e., ireldecrOaL Kai aKoXovdetv. — Ka6* '€Ka<rTOv. This 
 phrase, originally meaning one bij one, came to be sometimes used in 
 the sense of '^Kaaros alone, both in the nominative and the oblique 
 cases. It is here object of Sie^iwi'. Similarly Kad ' gca, IX, 22. See 
 H. 600. — ^e'vovs |i€v X€7», Mercenaries, on the one hand, I propose. 
 The sentence is resumed in a different form at the beginning of the 
 next section. — oirws (itj •iroi'/j<r€T€. 11. 88G ; G. 1352. — €p\a\|;€v : 
 gnomic aor. G. 1203. — lirl t£ irpaTTtiv, at the time of action. 
 
 21. — Stj : resumptive. — tovs • • • 8io-xiX.iovs, foot-soldiers 2,000 m 
 all. L. & S. TTas C, II. — tJs av Tivos = fjaTivos hv. — jitj : iLsed rather 
 than oi5 through the influence of eivai. H. 1027. — «k . . . d\XT)Xois, 
 relieving one another. BiaSoxv, like Sta5e'xe<r'?ai and StdSoxos, may be 
 followed by a dative. • — coo-irep . . . (TTpaTeuojtevoiis = (TTparevo^evovz rbv 
 avTov Tpbirov uxnrep toi>s in'govs. The noun following wcnrep is here, as 
 often, attracted from the nominative to the case of the noun in the 
 former member of the comparison. — i-irira-ywYovs. I. 53. Transports 
 (<TT par i.u)T ides) for the 2,000 foot-soldiers are not mentioned by the 
 orator, but are, of course, understood. 
 
 22. — «l€v, so far, so good. — e'xovTos . . . vavriKov. I. 15, 21. The 
 fact that D. regarded ten Avar ships {raxdas Tpi7}peL%, I. 53) as a suffi- 
 cient convoy for the transports, indicates that Philip's navy was still 
 small. — Kttl . . . TpiTiptov. Notice that Kal belongs with the words 
 raxeiujc Tpirjpwv, not with ■fjp.Tv. — eireiSdv . . . 8iSd|a>, lohen I have 
 shown lohy, etc. — TT]XiKai)TT)v, of such a size, i.e., so small. — iroXCTas 
 . . . keXcvu. The natural translation would be, I urge that those who 
 make the expedition he citizens. But D. has not proposed that all, but 
 only that a fourth part of the force be Athenians. It is necessary, 
 therefore, to take elvat as the substantive verb, having as its subject 
 TToXiras Tom ffTparevopiivovs, which hardly differs from tovs arparevofie- 
 vovs TToXiras, and to translate, I demand the existence of the (just-men- 
 tioned) citizens doing military service. 
 
 23. — TO(ravTT]v (= rrikiKaur-qv) : sc. airoxpliv olfiai. — €vi, it is possi- 
 ble. Cf. § 8, evi, note. — iropio-aaSai. Compare with iropla-avTas, §25, 
 and account for the difference of voice. — tt^v . . . irapaTaloiJie'viiv = 
 TjTis fKeivii) TrapaTa^eTai, Jit to meet him inthe open field. Tlie fut. jiart. 
 with the article is often thus used to describe a person or thing as
 
 60 NOTES. 
 
 intended, fit, or likely to do something. Cf. M. 82G. — tovtu . . . 
 XPTJo-Oai : amplification of XriffT€vei.v. ■ — riiv irpsoTTjv, at first. H. G22 ; 
 G. lOGO. The implication is that by and by it will be possible to cope 
 witli Pliilip in regular warfare. — (jtitrOos — Tpo(|)TJ. I. 55. — dKovico. 
 Cf. § 17, (paiTiv, note ; § 24, oida clkovwv. For tlie tense of clkoiju), see 
 H. 827 ; M. 28. — Tp€<)>€iv — crv<j-TpaTev€<r9ai = Sn erpeipev — awea-rpa- 
 reOeffde. G. 1285, 1 ; M. 119 ; H. 853 a. For the fact, see I. 2. — 
 avTovs vfids. Would vfxds avroi/s be admissible here ? H. 687 b. 
 
 24. — tviKwv. The Athenians gained several successes in the Co- 
 rinthian War, but among these regarded with most pride the exploit 
 of Iphikrates mentioned in the Introduction, § 2, as appears from the 
 repeated references to it in the orators. It seems probable, then, 
 tliat D. has here this victory in mind. The imperfect of vikclcj is 
 often used in speaking of a single occasion. — •«!... erTpaT€V€Tai, 
 But since the mercenary troops have conducted your expeditions by 
 themselves. On et. ov, see H. 999 b ; on aiira, H. 688 a ; on a-rpareijeTai, 
 Madvig's Lat. Gram. 334, Obs. ; H. 826 ; G. 1258. — vikS : used instead 
 of some such word as ddiKei, in order to make a rhetorical antithesis 
 with tlie preceding sentence. See I. 8. — irpos 'Aprdpatov, k.t.X. I. 8. 
 
 — (idWov : sc. ^ €<p' o'ys &v eKirep.(p0ri. — cikotws, and no wonder. D. 
 represents Chares as obliged to yield to the wishes of his soldiers, 
 which view, in the case referred to, is probably too favorable to that 
 general. — |j.t] 8i86vto, H. 1025 ; G. 1612. 
 
 25. — t-iroTTTas = fxaprvpas. Cf. § 47. — twv o-TpaTT|-yov(ji,€va)v, of the 
 conduct of the generals. H. 819 c ; G. 1240, 3. irapaKaTao-TT|o-avTas. 
 Give the meaning of the prepositions in composition. — -yt'Xus = 
 yeXoiov. Cf. the use of dvajKi] in the sense of dmyKahv. Similarly 
 we say in English, It is a shame to do this, using shame in the sense 
 of shameful ; and so on. — d ya.p, k.t.X. yap introduces the justifica^ 
 tion of vvv . . . Trpdyfiaaip. This justification extends through sections 
 26 and 27, which dwell with sarcastic insistence upon the folly of 
 keeping Athenian officers idle at home, and entrusting the military 
 interests of the state to foreigners. 
 
 26. — ovK €X€ipoTov€iT€, Were you not in the habit of electing ? refer- 
 ring to the recent period during which the Athenians had been at war 
 with Philip. We might translate, Did you not elect, and understand 
 the words as referring to the last annual election, but that the follow- 
 ing sentences seem to describe the conduct, not of the officers for that 
 year only, but of such oflBcers generally. x^'-po'''ove'ire would suit the 
 connection much better, but this reading has no manuscript authority. 
 
 — To|idpxous — crTpaTT)-yoi)s — <)>vXdpxovs — iirirdpxous. See I. 52, and
 
 NOTES. 61 
 
 Diet. Antiq. — ras iropnTas. Processions formed <a popular and siilen- 
 did feature of some of the Athenian festivals, as the Panathcnaja. In 
 these processions the cavalry with their officers played an important 
 part ; what the generals and taxiarclis had to do is not known. — 
 UpoTToiuv : ten in number, yearly chosen by lot to superintend the 
 state sacrifices. — ojo-irep . . . iriiXCvous : condensed for oicnrep yap ol 
 ir\dTTovT€s Tovs TTT/XtVoi/s Ta^idpxovs Kal (pvXdpxovs els rijv a/yopav ■troi.oiiariv. 
 The terra-cotta images referred to were used as toys by children. See 
 Becker's Charicles, Excursus to Scene I. — tls ttjv d-yopdv. The agora 
 was a place where, amongst other business operations, small wares 
 were exposed for sale ; it was also, by virtue of its central situation, 
 an important scene for processional displays. The sentence alludes 
 to both these facts. Translate : For like those who mould officers in 
 clay, you elect your iaxiarchs and phylarchs for the market-place, not 
 for the war; i.e., your officers are mere puppets, of no use but to 
 make a show in th(! market-place. 
 
 27. — ov -ydp . . . etvai, WIty, ought there not, men of Athens, to be 
 taxiarchs from among you, a hipparch from among you, in a word, 
 citizen officers ? For yap, see § 10, last note ; for expv''i § 1? eSei, note. 
 Although two hipparchs were annually elected, apparently an estab- 
 lished custom, which D. did not wish to combat, required the presence 
 of one of tliem in Athens, to officiate in tlie religious processions. 
 Hence D. here urges only that one hipparch sliould serve abroad with 
 the army. — 'iv tJv. H. 884; G. 1371. — «os dXi^Ows, in very truth. 
 Cf. VI, 10, oJs er^pois, note. — Atjjjlvov. I. 3. From a fragment of 
 the orator Hypereides, it appears that an Athenian hipparch visited 
 Lemnos each year. Our passage suggests that the object was to assist 
 in some religious celebration. — McvsXaov. Nothing is certainly 
 known about this man, except tlie fact inferable from the context 
 here, tliat he was not an Athenian. Probably he was a Pelagonian 
 (see Corp. Inscript. Att. II 55). Athens in the age of Demo.sthenes 
 often engaged foreign captains in her service, who would be called 
 ffrparriyoi or 'i-n-rrapxoi. according as they commanded foot or horse, 
 but these were in addition to tlie ten generals and the two hip- 
 parchs yearly elected by the city from the number of her own citi- 
 zens. In the appointment of Menelaos there had been, as appears 
 from the next sentence, an extreme irregularity ; he had not received 
 his commission from the Ekklesia, but from some unauthorized per- 
 son ; perhaps, for example, from the mercenary general, Charidemos. 
 — aXK . . . TovTov. This sentence, which bears on an entirely differ- 
 ent abuse from that which the orator has been combating, makes an
 
 62 NOTES. 
 
 ineffective ending to the passage. — cSei : how different from Set, in 
 the preceding sentence ? Cf. exPV^i above. — oo-ns av rj". M. 537. 2. 
 28. — TO Tcov )(^pi\\La.'T<av, the question of funds. — toOto . . . irepaCvto, 
 This subject, then, I proceed to treat (lit. go through with). Kai emplia- 
 sizes irepalvo} : as you desire to hear, so I will also discuss. irepaLvu is 
 a pres. rhetorically used for the fut. — XP''^!*^'''''' = nom., indicating the 
 subject-matter of the following exposition. Cf. the use of the nom. 
 in titles, as below, Il6pov 'Air68et^i.s. — €o-ti (A€v tj Tpo^i\. These words 
 awaken the expectation of a passage, beginning ecm 5' 6 fxurdos, and 
 making computation of the amount needed for wages. Instead of 
 this, the adversative passage {el 8i ns oterai k.t.X.) states that no 
 money need be raised for wages. The meaning of Tpo<pri is made 
 more unmistakable by the appositive ciT-qpiffiov, ration-money. The 
 computations (see I. 55) are for one year, thus : — 
 
 10 ships will cost 20 minse x 10 x 12 = 2,400 minae = 40 talents. 
 
 2,000 foot-soldiers, 
 
 10 (Irachmt© x 2,000 x 12 = 240,000 drachmaj = 2,400 minse = 40 talents. 
 200 cavalry-sokliers, 
 
 30 drachmas x 200 x 12 = 72,000 drachmae = 720 minas = 12 talents. 
 
 Total, 92 talents. 
 
 It will be observed that the orator makes no provision for the support 
 of crews for the transport triremes (cf. § 21). Perhaps he intended 
 that the soldiers, instead of going as passengers, should themselves 
 row the transports. This sometimes occurred ; a case in Thucydides, 
 III, 18. — irpos. H. 785; G. 1222. 1. — tV vavv. H. 657 c. The 
 same use of the article in 6 o-rpartwrr/s and rod ^utjws, below. — To<rav6* 
 cTcpa, as much more, forty talents. The same words sometimes mean 
 as much again, twice as much. 
 
 29. — el . . . e'YvwKev, But if any one thinks the existence of ration- 
 money for the expedition to be an insufficient provision, he is mistaken. 
 (nTT)pi(nov . . . vtrapxeiv is subject of elvai, and a.<popfj.})v is a predicate- 
 nom. — TovT dv. In Greek, emphatic words may precede the con- 
 junctions el, cJs, on, etc. Cf. § 43 ; IX, 16, 44, 68. — irpoeriropwi. The 
 middle form might have been expected, but the reference of the action 
 to the subject is left out of account. The idea is : the army will 
 relieve the state by itself supplying the deficit. — eyw • • • eroifios. 
 The ellipsis of the first and second persons of the copula, as well as 
 of the third, is common with Eroifios. In IX, 4, erot^uos is used alone 
 for eyd} el/ju ^rot/xos. — otiovv. See § 19, outivouv, note. — iroGev : sc. 
 ecrrai. — X.e|«, I will read. At this point a statement of ways and 
 means {U6pov ' Airodei^is) is read by the orator. The document is lost.
 
 NOTES. 63 
 
 30. — T)|i€i5. D- never uses the plural in speaking of himself alone. 
 He must therefore have had assistance in the preparation of his paper, 
 probably from one or more officials connected with the department of 
 finance. — - tireiSdv . . . -yvwuas, but when you are voting upon the 
 propositions or tnotions ; i.e., mine and those of subsequent speakers. 
 
 — dv v(tiv dpe'o-KTj. This is Sauppe's emendation for the difficult 
 manuscript reading, a &v v/xiv dp^aKri. Cf. IX, 70, eyw ur/ Ai' ipQ Kal 
 ypdipcx) di, uare, ftv po6\r]cr6€, xei/c)OToj''^(reTe ; De Symmoriis, 14, ol/xai St; 
 deXv aKoicravTas Vfjids avrrjv, S;* v/mv dpicTK-r], xprjcpi^eaOaL. — X€ipOTOVTJ(r£T€, 
 you will adopt theni, i.e., my measures. — rais eincrToXais. See § 19, 
 iinffToKi.fjia.iovs, note. 
 
 31. — AoKeiT« S€ |xoi — av — Pov\€vo-ao-0ai, But it seems to me that 
 you would deliberate. doKiu is very seldom used impersonally when 
 the personal construction is admissible. H. 944, a. — on . . . <l>i\wr- 
 iros, that by the help of the winds and the seasons of the year Philip gets 
 the start of you, and so accomplishes most of his designs ; lit. accom- 
 plishes most things by getting a prior hold upon them, rd iroWd being 
 object of both irpoXa/x^dvuv and SiaTrpaTTeTai. The meaning of this 
 clause is made more explicit by what follows, (pvXd^as . . . dcpiKiffdai. 
 
 — ({>v\d^as . . . x^'K''^'"''* waiting for the etesian ivinds or the winter. 
 The strong northerly winds which blow in the iEgean Sea during dog- 
 days were called iTrjfflai. They would greatly hinder an Athenian 
 fleet making for Macedon. Again, the Greeks were accustomed to 
 suspend navigation in the stormy season of winter. — t|vik dv jat] 
 SwaifxeOa, when we could not. This is a hypothetical or indefinite 
 relative sentence; hence the use of p.7]. H. 1021 ; G. 1428. 1. The 
 use of the opt. with dv is analogous to that in § 18, el ni) Troi-jjeratr ' dv 
 TovTo. See also M. 557. 
 
 32. — Por^OcCais, extemporized forces, opposed to wapaffKevy ffwexei 
 Kal dvpdfiei. — ■ucrT6pioi3[x£v dirdvTwv : as in the instances cited § 35. — 
 uTrdpx«i • • • 8wvd(j.«i, and it is possible for you to use as winter-quarters 
 for the force. For xetM^Stoj, see § .3, irapaSelyixaffL, note. — Arjjivu) . . . 
 v/jo-ois* I. 3, 30. — d XPT <rTpaT€V|j,aTi : sc. virdpxeiv. — rr\v 8 . . , 
 iarrai, but during the season of the year when it is easy to get to land, 
 and the winds are safe, it (the force) will easily hold a position near 
 the country (Macedonia) itself, and near the entrances to the commercial 
 ports; in order, obviously, to commit depredations on Philip's coast, 
 to prevent exportation and importation, and, in general, to carry out 
 the object (see § 23) for which the force was to be created. On rb 
 tQv irvevfidToiv, sec § 12, to. t7)s tvxiis, note. 
 
 33. — "A xp^^J'tTai, What uses he (sc, 6 tqvtuiv Kupios KaraffTdi) will
 
 64 WOTES. 
 
 make. H. 716 b ; G. 1054. — -irapd t6v Kaipov, as occasion arises. — • 
 6 . . . viAwv, the one apjwinted hij you in charge of these undertakings. 
 K^pios is a pred. adj. with /carao-Tds. H. GG7 b. — -Y6-ypa({>a. Tliis 
 shows that tliis speech was accompanied by a motion embodying its 
 recommendations. For the technical use of 7pd0w, see I. 60. — av 
 . . . Xiyo) = S.I' irpCiTov TropiarjTe, w dvdpes A0r]vaiOL, ravra to, xPVf^o,''''^ a 
 X^7w. The asyndeton is due to the fact that this sentence is a mere 
 summing up of recommendations previously made and referred to m 
 what immediately precedes. — svTcXfj . . . 8vva(iiv, in a word, the 
 whole force complete. bvvap.Lv is in the same construction as the pre- 
 ceding accusatives, and evreXij is used proleptically in agreement with 
 it. Cf. § 8, dddvara, note. The object of KaraKXeiariTe is to be sup- 
 plied from 5vvap.(.v. Some editors, omitting the comma after 8ivap.Lv, 
 construe ivTeXij as in agreement with rdWa, and dvvapLv as object of 
 KaraKXeiarjTe. — Ta|j.Cai Kttl iropicrTal. Of the poristae very little is 
 known ; they were presumably appointed on special occasions to 
 devise ways of raising funds. The tamise were treasurers, who 
 superintended the outlay of the public moneys. See Diet. Antiq. 
 D. demands that the Athenians themselves attend to the provision 
 and expenditure of funds, instead of throwing these responsibilities 
 ujion their generals (cf. I. 8), and that the generals be held account- 
 able only for their conduct of military affairs. — t6v Xo-yov, the 
 account, which generals, like other Athenian oflBcials, were obliged 
 to render at the conclusion of their term of service. See Diet. 
 Antiq., EUTHYNE. 
 
 34. — diro . . . o-v|A|jidxwv : i.e., it is by preying upon the commerce 
 of your own allies that he obtains the means of carrying on war 
 against you (see I. 21). vperdpuiv and v/uv are brought together for 
 emphasis. — d-ywv Kal (f>Ep(i)v, agens et ferens, plundering. — avrol, 
 yourselves, in contrast with your allies. — ovx ua-rrtp k.t.X. The 
 expression is here condensed by omitting the principal verbs, instead 
 of omitting, as is done in English in such cases, the subordinate verbs. 
 The meaning is : ovk olx'^o'iTai ex'^" <^<y"'^ep VX^'''' ^x^v k.t.X. This is 
 the regular ellipsis with oix wcTep. Cf. § 12, ewLpLeXovpLeOa, note. 
 Translate freely : he will not treat you as he did in the past, when, etc. 
 — iroXtras v}i€T€povs : settled as kleruchs in Lemnos and Imbros. 
 I. 3. — 'ix"' 'ix<»v, went off with, carried off. While the present of 
 otxopaL and riKU} is used as a perfect, the imperfect has commonly the 
 meaning of a simple preterite. — FtpaicrTw : a convenient station for 
 merchant-vessels bound from the Pontus or the northern ^gean for 
 Athens. — t|£Xe|€, levied, as ransom. — dirt'Pn, disembarked. — tijv
 
 NOTES. 65 
 
 Upav Tpf^pi]. The Atlicnian state owned a number of sacred triremes, 
 which were used to convey religious embassies from Athens, and on 
 other public business. See Diet. Antiq., SALAMINIA. The pres- 
 ence of one of these vessels (the Paralos) at Marathon is, perhaps, to 
 be explained by a statement of riulochoros, quoted in a scholium to 
 Soph. CEd. Col. 1047, to the effect that the Delian theoria regularly 
 touched at Marathon, to receive the blessing of the priest of Apollo 
 there. — els tovs xpo^ows, at the times. II. 796 b, end. 
 
 35. — KaCroi . . . iroTt, But noxo why in the world ? SiJ and Trore give 
 urgency to the question. — IlavaOTivaiwv — Aiowo-Cwv : the most im- 
 portant and costly of the Athenian festivals. The ranathenasa was 
 celebrated especially by gymnastic and musical contests and a mag- 
 nificent procession (cf. § 2(5) ; the principal Dionysiac festivals, by 
 the X'epresentatiou of dramas in the theatre. See Diet. Antiq. — 
 \p6vow. H. 759 ; G. 1136. — av t€ ... e'Tri|i€\ov|j.evoi, whether experi- 
 enced or inexperienced men arc chosen by lot as tlie superintendents of 
 each of these. With Slv re — dv re, cf . § 19, kSlv — kSlv. For the man- 
 agemenj, of the Panathenaic contests, ten men, called athlothetse, 
 were annually appointed by lot. The First Archon had charge of 
 the Dionysia. — ovS' tis eva : more emphatic than els ovdeva. An idea 
 of the expensiveness of the Athenian festivals may be gained from an 
 inscription of the year 410 b.c, which records that at the Pauathena^a 
 of that year 5,114 drachmae were paid to the sacrificial magistrates 
 for a hecatomb, and 5J- talents to the athlothetse for the contests ; 
 which two items must be understood to make only a small proportion 
 of the whole outlay for the occasion. If, then, we understand D. to 
 mean that the combined expenses of the Panathenaic and Dionysiac 
 festivals in one year exceed the expenses of one exjpedition, the state- 
 ment may not be much exaggerated. — Kal . . . €x«i = Kal ex^' too-ovtov 
 dx^ov Kal TrapacTKevTjv ocTrjv ovk oiS' et tl tQiv dvdvrwv (ex^O- *X^' here 
 serves as the verb for both the antecedent and the relative sentence. 
 H. 1006. In the former, a subject is to be supplied to it from a above. 
 H. 1005 ; G. 1041. n tCHv dirdvTuv = any thing in the world. — 
 MeOwvqv — Ila^aa-ds — IIoTiSaiav. I. 18, 21, 17. 
 
 36. — TrpooiStv Ik itoWov, knows long beforehand. — Xop^Y°5 — "V^H^" 
 vao-iapxos. See I. 49 and Diet. Antiq., LEITUKGIA. — irore . . . 
 iroieiv, what he must get and when and from lohom, and what he must 
 do (lit. when and from whom and what having received, what he must 
 do), Cf. § 3, i]\iK7]p — tJs, note. The idea is : every man knows 
 what part he is to play in the approaching festival, and how he must 
 prepare himself for it. — dve^eTao-Tov — dopio-rov : proleptic. Cf. § 8,
 
 66 NOTES. 
 
 dOdvara, note. — ajAO . . . Ko6i<rTa(i€v. dfia — /cai (lit. = at the same 
 time — and), may be translated, no sooner — than. — ■ rpiTjpdpxous — 
 dvTi86(r€is. I. 49, 50. — fieroiKovs. See I. 54 and Diet. Antiq. — 
 'iSo^i : gnomic aorist. — roiis X'^P'^s olKovvras. These were eitlier a 
 class of slaves, or perhaps rather the freed luen, so called because they 
 lived apart from their masters or former masters. — airovs. Cf. § 16, 
 avToi/s — avTo?s, note. — dvTeiiPipd^eiv, to man the triremes otherwise, 
 meaning, perhaps, to return to the original plan of sending metics 
 and freedmen, or perhaps to adopt a new plan, e.g., to send slaves. 
 
 37.^—iv. . . iitWerai, luhile these delays are occurring. The nom. 
 ravra corresponds to the cognate ace. after an active form of fiiWco. 
 G. 1240, 1. — TO . . . tKirXscofxev, the object of our expedition. The 
 article agrees with the relative clause. H. 655 c. - — ol twv irpa-ypidTwv 
 Kaipol, the opiwrtunitles afforded by circumstances ; cf. Thuc. I, 142, 
 Tov Be ■rro'K^/j.ov oi Katpol ov fxeveroi. Or the phi'ase may be translated, 
 the oppjortunities for deeds ; cf. IX, 38, rbv Kaipbv eKdcrrov tQjv irpayiJ.dTuiv. 
 
 — cipcdvciav. See § 7, note. — ds . . • e^tXeYxovrai, And the forces 
 lohich we think we have in the meantime are jtroved just at the critical 
 moments to he able to do nothing. The idea is : the few ships and men 
 that we have in readiness, and have to rely on until our armament 
 is ready, prove worthless when needed, iroielv depends on olal re. 
 H. 1000 ; G. 1024 (b). — iiPpews. Cf. § 0, d(Te\~^da^, note. — Toiavras 
 tirio-ToXds. At this point the letters are read. See I. 21. 
 
 38. — ws ovK t'Sei, alas. — oi ^y\v dW, nevertheless (H. 1035 c), cor- 
 relative of p.ev. — €t p.€v . . . virepPTio-eTai, if all that one passes over in 
 his speech, in order not to give annoyance, circumstances also shall pass 
 over; or (taking ra irpdjuaTa as object of inrepjS-qcrerai), he shall pass 
 over the realities also. With the latter construction the sentence is 
 anacoluthic ; Kal ^pyt^ vTrepfirjaerai would be expected instead of rd 
 Trpdy/xaTa virep^-qaeTai. With either construction the sense is the 
 same : if disagreeable things can be averted by merely not alluding 
 to them. — irpos t]Sovt]v, with a view to pleasure, so as to please. Cf. 
 § 51, irpbs x'^P"'- II- 805 c. — X°'P*'S; agreeableness. — av . . . irpoo-^- 
 Kovo-a, // it be not timely. What is the conclusion of this condition ? 
 
 — tpV") : contrasted with X67a)v. — <j>£vaKi5€iv. The subject is indefi- 
 nite. H. 942. 
 
 39. — ovK modifies 5« ; aKoXovdeTv would require /xri. The order of 
 words corresponds to that in such English sentences as, I ask, not 
 this, but that. — ovt« repeats rbv avrbv rpbirov. — rois PovX€vo|i€vous, 
 those who deliberate; i.e., in the case of Athens, the citizens in the 
 Ekklesia. The words are subject of i]ye?<r9aL imderstood. — IkcCvois
 
 NOTES. 67 
 
 (i.e., To?s j3ov\evoixivois) : more emphatic than avroTs. — xd o-u(xpdvTa 
 8iuK€iv, to chase after events, instead of guiding them. 
 
 40. — dirdvTiuv. This must refer to the Greek states only. At any 
 rate, in 351, the resources of Athens in men and money were inferior 
 to those of Macedon. — tls Se'ov n, to any purpose. Cf. § 14, et's S^oj'. 
 
 — ovSev diroXciireTt (lit. you leave out nothing), you do nothing less 
 than. — 01 |3dp(3apoi : not trained like the Greeks in gymnastics. — 
 Ttis irXiTYfis €x«Tai, follows the blow, brings his hands to the part .struck, 
 instead of anticipating and warding off the coming blow. — ckcictc 
 clo-iv, lit. thither are, combining the ideas, go thither and are there. 
 H. 788 b ; G. 1226. — irpopdXXto-Oai, to hold his hands before himself, 
 so as to parry blows. — pXeireiv evavrCov, to look his adversary in the 
 eye. 
 
 41. — Kttl v(Ji€is : introducing the second member of the comparison, 
 instead of ovtws vfieis. Cf. IX, 70. — Xeppovrjo-o* — IlvXais. I. 23, 22. 
 
 — irvOtio-Oe. Cf. § 18, et'Scbs eiirpeireis iifxas, note. — dvw Karw : a com- 
 mon abbreviation for dvu Kai /cdro;, ficoj re /cai Kciru. — o-TpaTT]-y€i<r0€. 
 H. 819 a ; G. 1236. — irplv . . . ■TrvQr\<r6i : epexegetical of irpb tQv irpay- 
 ndTojv. — ravra . . . iy\o)pe.i, And this conduct perhaps once answered; 
 but it has now gone its full length, so that it is no longer possible. The 
 dKfj.1^ is the highest point, beyond which it is imi^ossible to go ; here 
 virtually equivalent to reXevT-rj. ravra is the subject of the three fol- 
 lowing verbs, of which iv'^v and iyx'^peT are usually impersonal. An- 
 other explanation makes the subject of ^/cet indeterminate (II. 602 d j 
 G. 897, 3), but this seems less natural. 
 
 42. — virep ttjs irdXetos : to be joined with aicrxwo/xevos. — e^wv o 
 KarecTTpaTrTai. Cf. § 9, ex^^" o. Karia-rpairrai. — d-iroxpTIv . . . 8Tj(i.oo-£a, 
 / think that some of you tvoidd acquiesce in a state of things in conse- 
 quence of which we should be condemned, as a nation, to shame and the 
 reproach of cowardice and all that is most shameful. The subject of 
 8oK€i is the implied antecedent of the following relative. For what 
 finite mode does d-rroxpiji' stand ? H. 96-1 b ; G. 1308. The verb 
 6(f>\ia-Kdv(,} may be used with an accusative either of the penalty or the 
 charge ; here alffx^vriv is penalty, dvavbpiav is charge. To uKpXrjKorei 
 dv Tlfxev supply mentally as condition, if we acquiesced. The position 
 of drj/xoa-iq. is emphatic. — vvv 8', But as it is. Often so, especially 
 after a condition contrary to reality. — tov irXeiovos, that which is 
 more, or simply, more. 
 
 43. — eavHidto) — d,I wonder that. H. 926 ; G. 1423. — IvevfielTai, is 
 concerned. — irepl — virep, in reference to — for the sake of. wepl here 
 comes near to the proper meaning of virdp ; cf. the opposite change of
 
 68 NOTES. 
 
 meaning in § 1. — ov <rT'<io-€Taw, will not stop. — elro tovt dva|j.cvov|i€v, 
 
 Shall ive then loait fur this? i.e., for some one to hinder liiui. eTro 
 introduces an indignant question. — K£vds : i.e., without soldiers. — 
 rds . . . eXirCSas, So-and-so'' s hopes. Cf. § 45, ras cltto toC jS^/xaros 
 eXTridas. — eav. For the position of the word, see § 29, tovt' cLv yivrj- 
 Tai, note. 
 
 44. — |i«pei . . . oIksCwv, loith some portion, at least, of citizen soldiers. 
 o-TpaTiwrQp is a gen. of material. Different is the phrase, fiipos tl ttjs 
 trdXeojs, § 45, where the gen. is partitive. — vvv . . . irportpov. Cf. § 0, 
 vvv, fTretS^ irep ov irpbTepov. — 7]p€T6 ns : a rhetorical fiction, a more 
 vivid expression than epwr' &v tis. — oiStiror' . . . Scovtwv, never shall 
 we obtain anything that we need. H. 1032 ; G. 1360. 
 
 45. — TTJs iroXews = tQv ttoXituv. — Kav |it] irdcra. It is usual to 
 supply here diroffTaXy, but avvairoffTaXri, which is more natural, makes 
 sufficiently good sense. Wherever some part of the city, even if not 
 the whole, is sent with the mercenaries. ■ — to twv 6€wv — to ttjs tvxtjs. 
 Cf. § 12, TO. TTJs Tijxv^- eii/xev^s is pred. to to tCoi> OeQu. Others take t6 
 evuevis as subj., and translate, the favor of the yods and that of fortune. 
 
 — \l/T|(|>t,(rp.a K6v6v, an empty (i.e., unexecuted) vote. Cf. §§ 19, 20, 30. 
 
 — dW . . . diroo-ToXovs, hut your enemies deride, and your allies are 
 in mortal fear of, such expeditions. aTrouTSXovs, belonging in sense 
 equally with KaTayeXuaiv and Tedvdai t(^ deei, takes the case required 
 by the latter expression. For the construction, see H. 713 ; L. & S. 
 OvrjiTKUi I. 2, end. In explanation of the fear of the allies, see I. 8. 
 
 46. — €va avSpa : i.e., the general. D. may have in mind Chares, 
 who was proverbial for making promises (yiroax^'^^"-') which he could 
 not perform. — diroiAio-Gwv, unpaid. The word has also the meaning 
 paid off. — 01 . . . coo^iv = ot 5^ pq-diiiis xj/evdSixevoi irphs v/jlcLs virkp wv cLv 
 eKeivos Trpd^r) evOdd' wclv. The idea is that the generals are recklessly 
 {pq.dLws) impeached by men who remain in Athens (evOdde), and who 
 have consequently no projier knowledge of the generals' deserts. 
 virkp here = yrepl. Cf. § 1. — o ti dv rix'^n (sc. xp-qcpi^bixevoi.) , whatever 
 you may happen to, at hap-hazurd. — tC . . . irpoaSoKdv, what must roe 
 expect ? /cat gives emphasis to the question. 
 
 47. — oTttv, when, does not correspond strictly with irus, how, of 
 the preceding question. — o-TpaTiwTas — [idpTvpas — 8iKao-Tds : pred. 
 accus. — €v0vv(ov. Cf. § 33, Tbv \6yov, note. diKaaTas twv evdvvQv are 
 dikasts in suits in which an official's accounts are impeached. — vjAds : 
 grammatically superfluous, but rhetorically emphatic. — to w|a£t€p* 
 ovTwv. Cf. § 7, note. — alo-xvvrjs. Cf. § 9, dffeXyeias, note; § 37, 
 vjipfws. — Sis Kal Tpls : idiomatic for two or three times. — KpivtTai irtpl
 
 NOTES. 69 
 
 OavttTow — d-ywvCo-oo-Oai irepl Gavdrov, is tried for his life — to contend 
 at the risk of his life. Sue 1. 8. — t6v . . . 0dvaTov. Kidnapping, 
 whetlier of free persons or slaves, and the stealing of clothes, esijecially 
 from the batlis, were common crimes at Athens, and were punished, 
 like pockel-picking, burglary, temple-robbery, etc., with death. — 
 Tov irpocrTJKOVTOs : SC. Oavdrov. 
 
 48. — 01 |jL£v . . . 8ia<nrdv, so7ne, sauntering about (cf. § 10), saij that 
 Philip, in conjunction with the Lacedoiinonians, is emjayed in putting 
 down the Thebans, and is breaking up the confederacies, ras iroXiTeias 
 8ia(nrdv, to wrest apart the republics, probably means, to dismember 
 the Boeotian and Arcadian confederacies. I. 5. Philip never grati- 
 fied the Spartans in the way described, but he may have encouraged 
 them to hope that he would do so. — «s — •7r€'iro|ji<j)£v : unusual, after 
 (^ij^f, for TreTTOfj.cpii'aL. H. 946 b ; G. 1523, 2. This report may have 
 been well founded, for, according to Arrian, Anab. 2, 14, 2, Darius 
 Nothus represented to Alexander the Great that Philip had once con- 
 tracted an alliance with Artaxerxes. — €v . . . Teixtt«''V. I. 18. — ol 
 8c — . Instead of adding another item of gossip, the orator breaks 
 off, and concludes with a general statement. 
 
 49. — TT)v . . . k(o\v(j6vtwv, the absence of any to hinder him. Cf . 
 § 23, TT]v irapaTa^otxivr)v, note. — ov (j.6vtoi -ye (sc. olixai), yet by no 
 means. 
 
 50. — eK€tvo refers to what follows. — airavB* . . . evpi^Tau, and all 
 that we ever yet expected any one to do for us, he has been found to have 
 done against us. D. is of course thinking mainly of Philip, but speaks 
 indefinitely, so as to include others by whose promises the Athenians 
 have been deceived. Supply -n-pd^as with evprjTai, whose subject is to 
 be taken from nva ; or diravO' may be the subject and -rrpaxOivTa un- 
 derstood. — €v avTois Tj(Atv, in our own hands. — rd Sc'ovra . . . iyvu- 
 k6t€s, we shall have recognized the things needful, shall have a due 
 appreciation of the situation. Cf. M. 80. — drra ttot . For the use of 
 irore, cf. § 35, ri St) wore, note. — dW . . . ttSe'vai = dXXd Set et eiS^vai 
 8tl <pav\' i<TTai, hv /jltj, k.t.\. 
 
 51. — 'E-yw |ji€v ovv : a common formula at the beginning of the epi- 
 logue to an oration, suggesting a contrast between the orator's own 
 opinion or conduct and that of others. Cf. § 10, iyi)} p-kv, note. — 
 oiJr — T€. H. 1044 a. — dWore. I. 25, 26. — irpos \a.py.v. Cf. § 38, 
 irph% i)5ovr,v, note. — o Ti dv . . . co. The subj. with Slv, which would 
 have stood after aipoDpai X^yeiv, is here retained, although the princi- 
 pal verb is put in a past tense. M. 694 (not 683). If the principal 
 clause had had a single verb, e.g., elirov, instead of d\6p.riv "Kiyeip, the
 
 70 NOTES. 
 
 mode in the relative clause would have been indicative. M. 536. — 
 a 7i"yvco<rK«. I. (50. — ir£"n-appi]<riao-(iai. I. 26. — tPov\6|j.t]v . . . ttirovTi, 
 
 But I lolsh that, as I know that it is profitable to you to hear the best 
 advice, I likeioise knew that it would he profitable also to him who gives 
 the best advice (i.e., to me). For i^ovXafiriv &v, see H. 903 ; G. 1339. 
 Most interpreters supply after eid^mt., as its object, t6 to. ^^Xncrra 
 eiiretv, with which ffwotdov agrees. Perhaps it should rather be rh 
 ii/xas TO. ^eXriffTa cLKoveiv. The sense is the same in either case. — vvv 
 8'. Cf. § 42, note. — tir* . . . -yevTio-ojAevois, in spite of the uncertainty 
 as to the consequences to me of this course (lit. in the consequences, etc. , 
 being uncertain). — tirl t$ . . . Treireio-Sai, in the conviction, etc. 
 
 VI. 
 
 ANALYSIS. 
 
 Proceniium : Tlie uselessness of opposing Philip with words aud uot with deeds, 
 
 §§ 1-5. 
 I. — a. Prothesis, § G. 
 
 b. Philip favored the Thebaiis — and, in like manner, the Argives and 
 
 Messenians — rather than the Athenians, because he believed the 
 former would be more pliant to his plans, §§ 7-12 ; 
 
 c. not because he recognized in the cause of Thebes the cause of justice, 
 
 §13; 
 
 d. nor yet under compulsion, an explanation contradicted by his present 
 
 attitude, §§ 14-lG; 
 
 e. rather, the temper of Athens and the ambition of Philip are irreconcil- 
 
 able with one another, §§ 17-19. 
 
 II. — a. Substance of a former address of Demosthenes to the Messenians and 
 Argives, warning them by the example of Olynthus and Thessaly 
 against trusting Philip, §§ 20-25. 
 b. The neglect of these warnings by the Peloponnesians cannot be imi- 
 tated by Athens with equal excuse ; introduction of reply, §§ 2G-28 to 
 
 III. — rt. The authors of the present peace ought to be called to account, that 
 the penalty for coming disasters may be visited where it is deserved, 
 §§ 28 from ^v fiiv odv, -3G ; 
 b. which disasters may the gods yet avert, § 37. 
 
 1. — \6yoi -yi-yvwyTai, speeches are made, ylyveadai is often used as 
 a passive to the middle ■sroLeiaBau — tttpX . . . Pidtcrai, concerning lohat 
 Philip is doing and forcibly carrying on; or simply, concerning Philip'' s 
 violent acts. I. 62. — tt)v dpr\vf]v ; tlie Peace of Philokrates. I. §§ 30 ff. 
 — Tois . . . Xo-yovs, the patriotic speeches, in contrast with the utter-
 
 NOTES. 71 
 
 ances of Philip's partisans. — ifiiXavOptoirous, Jcind, i.e., expressive of 
 symjiathy with humiliated Greece. — <j)aivo|j.€vovs — SoKoOvras, evi- 
 dently are — are thought. While (paivea-dai. with an inf. is used like 
 doK^w to denote an appearance which may be illusory, with a supple- 
 mentary participle or pred. adj. it denotes the manifestation of a fact. 
 Cf. H. 986. — Xt'Y*'''' H'**' ^d 8€ovTa — yi,-^v6\iivov 8' ovSev tjov Seovtcov. 
 Notice the contrast. — «s 'i-rros etireiv, I might almost say, or, almost. 
 H. 956; G. 1534. The common use of the phrase is to soften a pre- 
 ceding, or, less often, a following vas or oiiSeis. Cf. IX, 47. — wv = 
 TovTcsv (Sv. By the things for whose sake it is worth while to listen to 
 these speeches {ravra) D. means practical results. 
 
 2. — |xd\Xov Kal 4>av€p<oT€pov, better and more plainly. — to — o-uji- 
 PovXcvo-ai. The article is separated from its inf., as in IV, 51, t^j — 
 ireireidOai. 
 
 3. — al'Tiov . . . oTi, and the reason for this is that. — irdvT«s : dis- 
 tributed below into T^/xeFs oi irapibvTes and u/xer? ol Kadrjfievoi,. — Se'ov. 
 H. 793 ; G. 1569. — ol TapiovTcs. I. 60. — toCtwv refers to epYv Kal 
 irpd^eaiv. The infinitives ypdcpeiv and (rvfipov\€V€iv are in apposition 
 with TovTiov, and specify the actions which are the duty of orators. 
 — ■ypd.<{>£i.v. I. 60. — TTiv . . . dire'xOtiav, unj)opularity with you. In 
 the proper connection the same words might mean, hatred towards 
 you. — ola . . . 8u|epx6(Ae0a, hut we rehearse what he is doing, what 
 dangerous and intolerable things. The position of 5^ makes woiei em- 
 phatic. It often has for this purpose the third or fourth place in a 
 clause. raOra is an emphatic repetition of ola . . . xaXeTrd. — i'lreiO . 
 Cf. IV, 3, e-rreira, note. — cos fJ.«v . . . irapeo-Ketiao-Oe (lit. hoio you might 
 speak . . . you are better provided), you are better equipped than Philip 
 for speaking, etc. Similarly the following clause : but to prevent . . . 
 you are wholly inefficient. Cf. M. 329. 2. 
 
 4. — o-v|iPaivei. . , . X6*yoi, There results, therefore, a state of things, 
 necessary, I think, and, I may say (taws), deserved: you are each better 
 off in those things on which you each spend time and pains, he in actions, 
 but you in ivords. After ravra, which is nom., as appears from ai 
 wpd^eis and oi \6yoi, supply ffvu^alvei from the beginning of the sen- 
 tence. Or, perhaps better, the words irpayna . . . eUbs may be taken 
 as parenthetical, irpayp.a being in apposition with the sentence, <ru/x- 
 ^alvei ravra d/xeivov exeif. — Xe'^eiv 8i,Kai,6T€pa, to make juster speeches 
 than Philip could make. 
 
 5. — KaV (ATI . . . TjfJids, and that they may not sink (lit. proceed) still 
 further, unnoticed by us all. H. 984 ; G. 1586. — p.Ti8* . . . Swdi^cus, 
 nor a great power rise against us. With fiiyeda dwd/xecjs, cf. Cais. B.
 
 72 NOTES. 
 
 Civ., 1, G4, tanta magnitudo fluminis. — rpoiros : sc. i(TTi. — o<rir€p : 
 sc. ^v. — Twv pq'o-Twv . . . f|8i<rTci>v : dependent upon the prep, in irpoai- 
 periov. — The foregoing prooeniiuni is hardly appropriate to the oration 
 which follows ; for whereas the procsmium insists upon the necessity 
 for active measures instead of words, no active measures are recom- 
 mended in the oration. 
 
 6. — npioTov jA€v. The division of topics here begun is lost sight of, 
 and the expected iirena nowhere follows. — Oapp€i, feels no alarm. 
 
 — dKovo-ai 8id ppax<o>v, to hear briefly ; a condensed expression for, 
 to hear vie state briefly. — 8i' ovs — 8i' <5v. With the ace. 8id, denotes 
 cause, with the gen., instrument. In this passage the distinction is 
 inappreciable. — rdvavxCa . . . irpoo-SoKdv, I have been led (lit. it has 
 occurred to me) to expect the contrary. — irpoo-O'^o-eo-Oe : a case of ana- 
 coluthon. In place of a subj. dependent upon 'iva, an independent 
 fut. indie, is substituted. 
 
 7. — Xo-yC^oK't"'''; reason or argue as follows. — n\)X.uv k.t.X. I. 35, 
 30. — Ti Zr\ "iroTt. Cf. IV, 35, note. — irpos TrXeove^tav . . . t^erd^wv, 
 estimating his calculations by reference to self-aggrandizement and the 
 bringing everything under his own control ; or, as it is meant that he 
 adopted or rejected plans according as they did or did not conform to 
 his standard, wo may freely translate, choosing his course by reference 
 to, etc. 
 
 8. — ov8€v . . . Troi-qa-tiiv, could not promise nor perforin anything of 
 such importance. — vt^' ov, that by it. M. 575 end ; G. 1445 ; H. 910. 
 
 — Tivds. In the Ionic dialect the indef. pronoun often stands between 
 the genitive of the article and its noun (e.g., tQv tls 'EWrjvuv) ; in 
 Attic this position is allowed only when an attributive word follows 
 the article, as here, dWwv. — irpocto-Oc : aor. opt. The force of the 
 preceding cli> continues in the rel. clause. — \670v iroiovfiEvoi, having 
 regard. — rriv . . . irpd^iAaTi. These words might also be arranged 
 T7]i> Till irpdy/xaTi TTpocrovaav dSo^iav, or Tr]P Trpoaovaav rip wpdyfiaTL 
 d8o^iav, or tt]v rip -rrpdyp-aTi ddo^lav irpoaovaav (H. 067 a), but of these 
 arrangements the first would occasion the concurrence of three short 
 syllables {-/uLart. irpoa-), while the second and third would occasion a 
 hiatus (-fxari ddo-). See I. 61. — ofjioCcos — wo-ircp av el, just as if. 
 There is an ellipsis of evavTiuideL-qTe after dia-wep hv. H. 905, 3 ; G. 1313. 
 
 — Ti ToiovTov, any such thing as the subjugation of any Hellenic 
 community, implied in line 7. 
 
 9. — oirtp orvvi^r\ (lit. which happened), as proved to be the case. — 
 dvrl . . . yiyvo]i(v(i)v, in return for their own gains. — ovx oirois, not 
 only not. oiix Srt (or Swtos), fxr) 6ti (or Situs), elliptical for 01) Xiyu 6ti,
 
 NOTES. 73 
 
 fiT] \ey4TU} Tts Sri, set aside a statement either as imimportaut (= not 
 to speak of the fact that) or untrue (= far from saying that). In the 
 former case they are to be translated not only, in the latter, not only 
 not. — Meo-cTTivious — 'Apydov^. I. 38. — ravra iiT€iXri(J)us, because 
 he entertained the same opinions of them as of the Thebans. — Ka9* 
 i(iMv €-yKco|iiov, eulogy upon you. This use of Kord with the genitive 
 in a sense the reverse of hostile is not common. 
 
 10. — Ke'Kpi(r9€ — dv — -irpoeVOai, you have been judged that you would 
 betray; or, idiomatically, the judgment has been expressed that you, 
 etc. — KcpSovs : gen. of value. Similarly xap'Tos and oJ^eXet'as, below. 
 — TO, Koivd . . . 'EWrjvwv : i.e., the riglit to freedom. — ws ertpus (lit. 
 hoio otherwise!), quite otherwise. Similarly <Js fiXXws, below, § 32; 
 
 IV, 27, cJs a\r)dCijs. 
 
 11. — I^ov. Cf. § 3, 8iov, note. — clxTT . . . iiraKOveiv. H. 9-53 b ; 
 G. 1453. — Pa<riX«i. H. GGO c. — 'AXe^avSpos. Alexander I of Mace- 
 don was despatched by Mardonius shortly before the battle of Platsea 
 {■479 n.c.) to offer to Athens friendship and increase of territory, on 
 condition of her joining the Persian alliance. Tlie Athenians rejected 
 these overtures, and were obliged to take refuge a second time in 
 Salamis, while their city was occupied by the Persians. It looks as 
 if Demosthenes, in the words T^^v x'^po-v ■ ■ ■ -rrpoeXotihovs, had in mind 
 the first as well as the second abandonment of the city, and in irpa^av- 
 ras . . . dedvvTjTaL, the battle of Salamis as well as that of Platgea. 
 Accuracy in historical allusions is not a characteristic of the Greek 
 orators. — 6 tovtwv irpo-yovos. tovtwv refers to the Macedonian royal 
 family. — iraOeiv . . . wirojieivavTas, dared to endure any suffering. 
 For oTiovv, see IV, 19, ovtivoOv, note. — Xe-yciv — tiirdv. The word 
 seems to be changed merely for the sake of variety, and the differ- 
 ence of tense to be unessential, \4yeiv and el-n-fiv are often thus 
 joined. — t] «s . . . ciiroi, than one could express in toords (lit. by his 
 speech). ^ oJs after a comparative is usually followed by an infinitive. 
 H. 954. — Tovs (i€v — -Tovs 8' : in partitive apposition with rovs irpoyo- 
 vovs. The Thebans fought side by side with the Persians at Platsea ; 
 the Argives were prevented by hatred of Sparta from taking any part 
 in the struggle. 
 
 12. — ISiq. modifies Xua-treXoOv. — ewl tois SiKaCois, on just coixditions ; 
 i.e., on the condition of justice in the relations between himself and 
 you. — 8id TaiJT* : i.e., dia to rjyetffOai k.t.X. The plurals ravra, rdde, 
 etc., are often thus used of single facts. — Kal tote Kal vvv. With 
 this combination of adverbs the verb is regularly in the present, as 
 here, rdre refers to the time of the conclusion of the Peace, or
 
 74 NOTES. 
 
 immediately after. — ov -ydp k.t.X. The argument is : No explanation 
 can be given why I'hilij) should prefer the friendship of the Thebaus 
 and Argives to that of the Athenians, except his reliance on the sub- 
 servience of the former to his own interests; for (1) their naval 
 strength is nothing to that of Athens, nor (2) is it Philip's policy to 
 gain an exclusively non-maritime power (in the building up of which 
 Athens might reasonably be neglected), nor (3) has Philip forgotten 
 his sworn obligations. This process of excluding other explanations 
 than that assigned by the orator, is continued in §§ 13-15. See the 
 Analysis. — oi8' ev . . . d4)t'o-TTjK€v, nor has he acquired some empire 
 in the interior, but renounced that over the sea and the commercial ports ; 
 or, the /i^v-clause being here, as often, logically subordinate to the 5^- 
 clause, w'e may translate : nor has he, after acquiring some empire in 
 the interior, renounced that over the sea and the commercial ports 
 (which would show an incomprehensible inconsistency and lack of 
 ambition). fj.^v is inserted into the text, contrary to the reading of 
 the Zurich edition, on the authority of most MSS. On tlv, see H. 
 703 a ; cf. G. 1018. 
 
 13. — 'AXXd VT\ Ai', But by Heaven. Cf. IV, 10, ptj Ai", note. — ws 
 . . . elStos, pretending to understand all these matters. H. 978 ; G. 1574. 
 
 — lov = TorjTojv a. — tS . . . d|ioiiv, on account of the fact that the The- 
 bans madejuster requests than you. The Thel)ans asked for Orchome- 
 nus, Koroneia, etc. I. 30. — dXXd . . . etireiv, But of all arguments, 
 this one it is preeminently (lit. even alone) impossible for hi7n now to 
 urge. — Me<r<ri^viiv . . . keXcvwv. 1.38. Sparta, Demosthenes implies, 
 had more right to Messene, than Thebes to Orchomenus and Koroneia. 
 
 — t5 . . . ctvai = T<p vofxil'eiv tuvt eJvai dlKaia. 
 
 14. — VT) Aia. Cf. § 13. — TovTo, this argument. — irapd yvdniy\v, 
 contrary to his resolution. — ev (ieo-o) Xt]<J)8€is, caught between. I. 30. 
 
 — KaXws, very good; spoken ironicallJ^ — Xo-yoTroioOo-i irepiiovTcs. Cf. 
 IV, 10, 48. — 'EXdreiav. The walls of this, as of the other Phokian 
 towns, had been razed in 346. I. 36. It appears from the last sen- 
 tence of § 15 that Philip's alleged intention in regard to the place was 
 supposed to look toward the reestablishment of the Phokian nation. 
 
 15. — (xe'XXei Kttl (xeXXtjctei,. D. repeats sarcastically the n^XXeiv of 
 the preceding sentence in a different sense ; see L. & S. /xAXw I and 
 III. But these things he is going and will be going to do ; i.e., they 
 belong and always will belong to the future, will never be realized. 
 
 — (rvpL^aXXciv appears to be used in the sense of to lend aid. Some 
 translate, tu join battle for the Messenians and Argives against the 
 Lacedaemonians ; but this hardly suits the context. — ov (i^Wci., is not
 
 NOTES. 75 
 
 going to, i.e., he is already doing it. — Ic'vovs . . . irpo<r86Ki|ios. I. 88. 
 
 TOWS \i-iv ovras : contrasted witli ovs 5' diriiXecrei'. Tlie asyndetic 
 
 introduction of the sentence is emphatic. Is he engaged in destroying 
 the Lacedaemonians, the existing enemies of the Thebans, but trying 
 now to save the Phokians, whom he himself formerly destroyed f Or, as 
 the M^iz-clause is here logically subordinate to the 5^-clause (cf. § 12, 
 and note), we may translate : Is he, though engaged, etc., trying now, 
 etc. The absurdity of supposing that he is doing anything for the 
 Phokians, enemies of Thebes, is implied by the two facts, AaKeSaifiovlovs 
 dvaipei, and oi;s diriliXeaep avrds. But is the argument a cogent one ? 
 
 16. — And who could believe these things (the statements in § 14) ? 
 Impossible ! for I, for my part (cf . IV, 10, iyi) piiv yap, and note) do 
 not even suppose (not to speak of believing, referring to the preceding 
 irKTTevaeiev) that Philip, either if he had at first acted under compulsion 
 (and) against his will, or if he were now abandoning the Thebans, 
 would be maintaining a constant opposition to their enemies (i.e., the 
 Lacedaemonians). The argument, if stated .syllogistically, would 
 have the form : If either a or b were true, c would not be true ; but 
 c is true ; therefore neither a nor b is true. 5.v in 1. 14 (repeated in 
 1. 15 ; cf. IV, 1, note) belongs with ivavriovadai. H. 964 b ; G. 1308. 
 
 — Ik . . . o-wvTaTTcov, But from all his actions, if one takes the right 
 view of tlieni, it appears that he is busy contriving all his schemes 
 against the city. A better sense, however, is given by substituting 
 the conjectural reading irdve' a for travTa. This would require a 
 comma instead of a period after ironjo-as, and would make a-wTdrruv 
 a second supplementary participle after 5^X6s ian. 
 
 17.^ TovTo, this direction of all his plans against Athens. — rpoirov 
 Tiv , in some sort. — vvv yt 8ti, nmv at least, when his unjust treatment 
 of Athens has become so evident. — dSiKti, has been acting unjustly. 
 Cf. IV, 24, arpaTe^erai, note. — ols. H. 994, 99G b ; G. 1031. — 
 A|x4>iiro\iv — IIoTiSaiav. I. 15, 17. — irpoeiTO : aor. indie. The 
 conclusion is a^ ijyelro. Notice the difference of tense. H. 895 ; 
 G. 1397. 
 
 18. — dfjL<j)6T€pa : explained by Kal iavrbv . . . aiffdavop-ivovs. H. 626 b. 
 
 — lavTov eiriPovXevovTO. The usual construction would be aiirbs iiri- 
 ^ovXevwv (II. 980), but the ace. is here used for the sake of parallelism 
 with vfxds aiffdavo/jLevovs. —€«... vo|iCtoi, mid since (or (/) he supposes 
 that you have common sense, he would be justified in thinking that you hate 
 him. The implication is that any other feeling toward Philip would 
 be a sign of imbecility. For civ vofii^oi, see G. 1328. — <|>0d(rri irotTJcras. 
 L. & S. (pedvu III, 1, end ; II. 984 ; G. 1580. The addition of irpdrepos
 
 JQ NOTES. 
 
 is pleonastic. Cf. IV, 14, ht) wpbrepov TrpoXafi^dvere. — (^i<rrr\Ktv, 
 he stands threateningly &?/. Tlie following iirl is used in the same 
 hostile sense. — roiis . . ■ tovtois (lit. those who wish the same things 
 with them), those loho belong to the same part]/ loith them (i.e., with the 
 Thebans). For tovtois dependent upon ravrd, see H. 773 a ; G. 1175. 
 
 19. — o-KaioTiiTa rpoirwv, stupidity of character. In the case of the 
 Boeotians, stupidity was proverbial. — t»v (icTd ravr' (lit. of the things 
 after these), of the consequences. — o-w<{)povoi5(r£ ^e Kal fierpiws, to men 
 who have even a moderate degree of sober sense. The word aojcppovovcri 
 means at once moderate in desires, as opposed to TrXeovef t'a, and sensi- 
 ble, as opposed to cKaioT-qs Tpoiruv. — irapa8€iY|x<xTa, warnings. — a . . . 
 crovePr). I. .38. — eipf)o-Oai. Cf. IV, 19, oeooxSoLi — wapeaKevda-dai, and 
 note. 
 
 20. — n«s . . ■ '0\x»v6iovs, / said, namely. With what vexation do 
 you think, men of Messene, that the Olynthians xised to listen, yap 
 probably does not belong to the original question, but serves to intro- 
 duce the quotation. L. & S. yap II. For dKOJueiv, as also irpoaboKdv in 
 this section and § 22, cf. IV, 23, Tpi4>eLv — ava-TpaTerjeo-dai, and note. 
 
 — €l . . . XtV- H- 804, 2 ; G. 139.3. 2. — ' AvBejAoxivTa — IIoTiSaiav. I. 
 17. • — TT)v e\Opa,v Ttiv irpos 'HH-^Sj our hostility. Cf. § 3, tt]p irpos vp.d.% 
 dir^X^^'-"-" — avfipTiTo — tSeStoKti. These pluperfects, denoting com- 
 pleted actions, refer to the time immediately succeeding that to which 
 the preceding imperfect refers. And so was himself the bearer, etc. 
 
 — Toiavra : i.e., such things as they now are siiffering. — X«yovtos 
 . . . -irio-Ttvo-ai. This is the dependent form of the sentence, \eyovT6s 
 TLvos (gen. abs. expressing condition) eirla-Teva-av av. For the position 
 of hv, which belongs to the verb, see H. 802 ; G. 1311. 
 
 21. — TT|V dWoTpCav : sc. x^P"-"- H. 621 c ; G. 953. — iroXvv : sc. 
 Xpbvov. D. hopes to see Philip's power broken and Olynthus restored. 
 Hence he says, /or a long time, and not, for ever. — cKireo-ovTcs, ex- 
 pelled. I. 29. — ov yap . . . 6)j,i\iai, for these too close connections with 
 tyrants are not safe for republics. For \iav and avrai, cf. IV, 17, 
 i^al(pvris and raijTas, with note. 
 
 22.- — Ti 8' 01 0€TTaXoi, And how about the Thessalians? H. 612. 
 
 — TOiis Tvpdvvovs e^e'PaXXe. I. 20. — irdXiv : for 7rd\ii> ot€. — N^Kaiav 
 
 — Ma-yvT)(riav. I. 36. — 8£Ka8apxiav. See I. 37. Another interpre- 
 tation is that Philip established in each city of Thessaly a dekadarchy, 
 like those created earlier by Sparta (I. 1), but this does not seem con- 
 sistent with the U8e of the singular in our pa.ssage. — IlvXaiav. I. 36. 
 
 — TovTov . . . irapaip'/io-eo-Oai. I. 37. — ovk terri ravra, this is impos- 
 sible; i.e., they certainly did not expect these results.
 
 NOTES. 77 
 
 23. — o(ra TOiavra = Saa icrrl roiaOra. 
 
 24. — SairdvTis irpoo-Stirai, require expense besides. — tois irX'/jOecri, 
 to peoples, popular (juvcrnments. — ovSev . . . iraOrjre. Cf. IV, 44, 
 ovdiiroT . . . deSvTwv, note. 
 
 25. — ilr . . . iyjovTo. ; I)o you then not see that Philip has even his 
 titles thoroughly incompatible with this? or, idiomatically, that Philip'' s 
 very titles are thoroughly, etc. — iro\£(iov. The war between Messene 
 and Sparta is meant. 
 
 26. — eopvPovvT€s . . . \€7€Tai, clamoring that they were rightly 
 spoken, declaring with applause their approval. — irpEo-pecov : D.'s 
 colleagues on the embassy. Why D. separated from them (as is im- 
 plied in ir&Ktv ixyrepov) is not known ; perhaps to visit other Pelopon- 
 nesian states. — irapovros Ijioi) : gen. absol. — is eoiKtv : to be joined 
 with what follows. The adhesion of the Mcssenians to Philip appeared 
 from the embassy just arrived. I. 39. — ov8ev jidWov (lit. no more), 
 nevertheless not. — aroirov, €t. Cf. IV, 4.3, Oav/id^w — el, with note. — 
 irap' a . . . 6pwo-i, contrary to what they perceive by their reason to be 
 best. For the omission of ovra after opQa-i, cf. IV, 18, eiSws evrpeireis 
 vfias, witli note. — dXX' dfieis. Instead of continuing. But this is 
 strange, that you seeing the better, should follow the loorse, the orator 
 substitutes an express and gloomy prophecy. Cf. § 0, Tpoadrjo-ea-de. 
 
 27. — irepiTetxi^eo-Oe. — ^ The commoner reading is Trepiaroixl^eade, 
 which is more appropriate. The word repeats in the form of a meta- 
 phor the meaning of eTn^ovXeveade, you are plotted against. I. 62. — 
 «3<rT€ . . . iroifjo-ai, on condition of doing nothing at once. See § 11, 
 wffr, with note. The reading e/c rod p.Tjdev ijSt] woiTJa-ai (or iroLeTp), 
 which is well supported, gives better sense. 
 
 28. — irpaKTccov. Oblique cases of the verbal adjective in t^s are 
 very uncommon. — Ka9' vi|ids avroiis, by yourselves; i.e., after the 
 withdrawal of the envoys from the assembly. I. 39. The phrase is 
 to be joined with ^ovXevaeade. — a . . . Xe'^w, but the answer, by making 
 which now, you would have voted ivhat you ought, this I loill read ; or 
 freely, but the answer which you should at once vote, I will read. 
 After X^^w most editions insert, without MS. authority, the lemma or 
 heading, AIIOKPISIS. It may be, however, that the answer pro- 
 posed by D. was not read till the conclusion of the speech. — rjv . . . 
 SlKaiov. H. 834 ; G. 1400. The fxiv here, as often when thus con- 
 joined with oDv, has no following correlative. — tovs tveYKovras k.t.X. 
 I. 31, at the beginning. — KaXetv, to summon, for the purpose, appar- 
 ently, of calling them to account for their conduct. Cf. L. & S. 
 
 KoKiciJ I, 4.
 
 78 NOTES. 
 
 29. — irp£orp€v€iv. I. 31. — otS* on, certainly. H. 1049 a. The 
 
 phrase came to be used as a mere adverb, as appears from ihs often 
 being placed in the middle or even at the end of a sentence. — Kal . . . 
 KaXetv, Fes, and again we ought to sumvion others. — tovs . . . \iyov- 
 Tas, Those loho, when I, etc. — said. JEschines and Philokrates are 
 meant. I. 35. The article and its participle are seldom so widely 
 separated as here. — rfjs itrX rovs opKovs, the one sent to receive the 
 oaths of Philip and his allies. I. 33. — Si.e|j,apTvp6(iT]v, X'i'otested. — 
 ovK etwv, tried to prevent, ovk idui is used almost like a compound, in 
 the sense to prevent. For the tense, see H. 832 ; G. 1255. 
 
 30. — cos . . . av9poTros, that I, being a water-drinker, was naturally 
 an ill-tempered and crabbed sort of man. For rts, see H. 702 a ; L. & S. 
 Tts A, 8. — edv irapeXGri : sc. etau) HvXwv. See L. & S. Trapipxo/J.ai III, 
 2. — Tois avToii T€'\€o-i, at his own expense. — Siopv^ci,. A canal cutting 
 off the Chersonesus from the mainland would have been a safeguard 
 against the attacks of Thracian tribes. — oI8* on. See § 29, note. — 
 oi) Seivol ^ |i€|iVTio-9ai,, not good at remembering. D. sneers at the 
 readiness of the Athenians to forget injuries. 
 
 31. — TO . . . al'o-xio-Tov : in apposition with the following sentence. 
 H. 620 a and b ; G. 915. — rots €K-yovois . . . ii\rt\^laraa-Oe. I. 35, near 
 the end. — irpos rds tXwCSas, conformably to your hopes; i.e., not 
 waiting for any experience of the benefits of the peace, but relying on 
 the hopes excited by Philip. The phrase is to be joined with e\}/7](pL- 
 aaade. — ovt« . . . vir'T\xQr\Ti, SO completely loere you taken in. — Setv : 
 used with the sense of an imperfect. Cf. § 28, Tjv olKacov. 
 
 32. — oi\ . . . iroi'^io-w, Not that, lapsing into invective, I may for 
 myself gain a hearing with you in like manner (e| ((tov) with them. 
 D. implies that his opponents secure attention by the abusiveness of 
 their language in regard to himself and his party, and says that it is 
 not for the sake of requiting them in kind that he wishes them to be 
 called to account. ifiavTc^ \6yov iroielv = \byov Tvyx^-^^'-^i while X67oi;s 
 iroieiaOaL = Xiyeiv. — t^ a-PX^s> at first ; i.e., at the beginning of the 
 peace negotiations. The phrase limits Trpoa-Kpoija-aaiv. — ws aWms, to 
 no purpose. Cf. § 10, cJs er^pws, note. — rd vwi (= vvvl) : contrasted 
 with wore. 
 
 33. — Kal o-ux^ • . - <|>oPo{i|xai Se, and though I (lit. should not wish 
 to judge rightly) hope I may be mistaken, yet I fear. — tovt refers to 
 the calamity prophesied at the end of § 32. — dfieXeiv €|ov(r(a. H. 952 ; 
 G. 1521. —Tov Seivos. Cf. IV, 19, rbv Mm, note. 
 
 34. — €<J>' ols, the objects for ivhich. — SeScopoSokt^koo-i. H. 982 a ; 
 G. 1590 ; also I. 31. — twv . . . diroXwXoTwv (geu. part, depending on
 
 NOTES. 79 
 
 Tt) : of the losses occasioned by them, — «s to, iroXXd, for the most part, 
 generally. — cvCovs. D. means the Athenians. — xois iiro X"P*» those 
 who come first to hand. 
 
 35. — (jieWci . . . -irpaYiiaTa, events belong to the future and are tak- 
 ing shape. — tCs • . • irpocVOai — rts ianv 6 nelcras Kal iroiTja-as v/xds 
 wpoiadai ^(jjKias Kal UOXas. TEschines is meant. I. 35. — iirl — «ls. 
 The preposition is changed for variety merely. So below, wepl — vir^p. 
 — Twv SiKaCcov, your rights, as determined by the Peace. — os . . . 
 T]|i€pq., which will afflict each man when it comes, but which began on 
 that day. y^yove has the strict use of the perfect (= has begun), and 
 thus differs from an aorist, which would be used of an event that 
 came into being and passed away ; but being coui^led, according to a 
 Greek idiom, witli an adverbial expression referring to the time of 
 beginning, it is best rendered by the English simple preterite. Cf. 
 Dem. xxxviii, 8, iravTa ravra dcpetrai rdre ; Plato, Krito, 44, A, e/c 
 TLvos imwviov o idipaKa dXiyov Trpdrepov ; also the commoner combination 
 of the present with the adverb wdXai.. D. means to say that a war 
 for the possession of Attic territory is already virtually begun ; it 
 dates from the day when iEschines persuaded the people to abandon 
 Phokis and Thermopyl?e. 
 
 36. — ■n-pd-yixa, trouble. — vavcrl KpaTTJcras, having conquered at sea. 
 Philip's navy was still small, compared with that of Athens. Cf. IV, 
 22, note. — 4»a)K€'as = ttjv $w/c/5a. — 6|xo((i> . . . ov, a war like that on 
 account of ivhich. The Greek uses relatives {olos, oairep, 6s) after iaos, 
 ofx-otos, wapap-otos, Trapair\ri<TLos, in the same way as after toiovtos. 
 
 37. — ravT . . . Qtoi, For admonishing you then of these things enough 
 has noio been said, but that they should ever be j)ut to stringent test (i.e., 
 that the truth of my words should be in'oved by experience), may it 
 not happen, all ye gods ! w's is used with inrop,vTj(Tai to express purpose. 
 G. 1456. The second w's is relative. M. 330, 2. — 5(Kaios. L. & S. 
 dlKaios C. 
 
 IX. 
 
 . ANALYSIS. 
 . — rBOCEMIUM, §§ 1-5. 
 
 a. In spite of incessant talking, affairs are at the worst possible pass, § 1 
 
 b. This is chiefly the fault of Athenian statesmen, § 2. 
 o. A plea for plain-speaking, §§ 3, 4. 
 
 d. Encouragement may be drawn from the most disgraceful feature of 
 the political situation. § 5.
 
 80 NOTES. 
 
 II. — Is Philip observing the Peace? §§8-20. 
 
 a. Prothesis, §§ S, 9. 
 
 b. Philip's policy of deferring to the last moment the formal announce- 
 
 ment of hostile intentions, illustrated by his dealings with Olynlhus, 
 Phokis, Phera;, and Oreos, is, d fortiori, to be expected in the case 
 of Athens, §§ 10-14. 
 
 c. Specific proofs that Philip has violated both the spirit and the letter of 
 
 the treaty, §§ 15-20. 
 
 III. —The Universal Danger and Indifference, §§ 21-4G. 
 
 a. Philip is permitted to exercise in Greece an authority which wiis never 
 
 permitted to any Greek state, §§ 21-25. 
 6. A catalogue of injuries inflicted by him upon Greece, §§ 26, 27. 
 
 c. Against these injuries there is no coinmon-resentmeut or resistance, 
 
 §§ 28-33. 
 
 d. Nay, even personal wrongs are tamely submitted to, §§ 34, 35. 
 
 e. This shameful apathy is due to the corruption now prevalent in public 
 
 men, and the degeneracy of sentiment in regard to such corruption, 
 §§ 36^6. 
 
 IV.— The Duties of Athens, §§47-76. 
 
 a. In view of the effective innovations introduced by Philip into the 
 
 methods of warfare, Athens must keep the war as far as possible 
 from Attic soil, §§ 47-52. 
 
 b. The necessity of withstanding the philippizing party at home illus- 
 
 trated by the cases of Olynthus, Eretria, and Oreos, §§ 53-62. 
 
 c. The root of the evil is the general reluctance to face disagreeable facts, 
 
 §§ 63, 64. 
 
 d. To yield to Philip can bring nothing but misery, §§ G5-67. 
 
 e. While there is yet time, Athens must strain every nerve to bring about 
 
 a general alliance against Philip, taking herself the lead in opposing 
 him, §§ 68-75. 
 /. Peroration, § 76. 
 
 1. — ■yi-yvofi.e'vwv. See VI, 1, -yiyvwyTai, note. — 6\£70v 8«iv. H. 956 ; 
 G. 153-i. — Trepl . . . dSiKei, concerning the wrongs which Philip has 
 been committing, etc. On dSt/ce?, see IV, 23, ffTpareierai, note. — d(J)' 
 oi5. H. 999 b. — TTiv elpTJvrjv. I. 30 ff. — Kai TrdvTwv . . . oir«s, and 
 while all ivould certainly say, though they do not carry this out in deed, 
 that it is needful to speak and to act in such manner that. For 615' Stl, 
 see VI, 29, note. (ptjaavruv and iroiovai are contrasted, and toOto 
 refers to X^yeiv Kal Trpdrreiv owois k.t.X. X^yeiv is used of speeches in 
 the assembly. — virTj-y|A€va • — Kal irpoeiixtva, tZraioji on and allowed to 
 slide. — SeSoiKa . . . •g, J fear lest it may be a harsh thing to say, and 
 yet true ; I fear that, though it is a hard saying, it is yet true. For 
 the logical relation of the )u^v-clause to the S^-clause, cf. VI, 12, 15. 
 The hard truth is expressed in the sentence, el . . . diaTedijmi, which, 
 being explanatory, is asyndetic. — tt Kal — Kal, if both — and. — oi
 
 NOTES. 81 
 
 irapiovTcs. I. fiO. — eg wv . . e|€iv, measures in consequence of which 
 Oiffairs were likely to be in the worst ^wssible condition. e/ieXXe is 
 assimilated in tense to ^/Soi/Xoi'to. Cf. IV, 2, irpoffTJKe, note. — av — 
 8vvoo-9au H. 904 b ; G. 1308. — Stareefivai : how different from 
 diaKelaOai. in meaning ? 
 
 2. — irap'. See IV, 11, note. — ivpi\criTi : so. a<j>i'yixiva.. — tv ols . . . 
 <|>vXdTTovTes, engaged in maintaining the conditions under which they 
 themselves enjoy distinction and power. — tovs . . . ovras, those who 
 are at the head of affairs ; the same class as that referred to by nvki 
 above. — ■ ovSev co-rai, dim at nothing else than that the city may inflict 
 punishment on itself (i.e.., on its own citizens, tCjv iwl roh trpdyfiaa-iv 
 6vTwv) and he engaged in this task. 
 
 3. — iroXireiai, jwlltkal methods. — tirl (xev twv aXXoiv, in other cases, 
 everywhere else ; contrasted with f/c 5f tov (rvfi^ovXeveLv below. — |cvois 
 =: ixerolKOLs. — -iroXXovs k.t.X. The comparatively unoppressive treat- 
 ment of slaves in Athens is attested also by Xen. On the Athenian 
 State, 1, 12. — £viais. D- refers to oligarchical cities. — Ik . . . i^f.\r\- 
 XttKare, but from the speeches of the assembly you have banished it (i.e,, 
 T7]v irappricriap) altogether. 
 
 4. — dQ', therefore. — Tpv<j)av, to he fastidious; or perhaps, to put 
 on airs. — rots irpdYiiao-i Kal tois -yi^voiievois, the interests of the State 
 and the events of the day. — oiJtw : sc. wa-re rpv<pS.v Kal Ko\aK€V€(T0ai. — 
 ovK . . . Xeyw, I know not what to say. G. 1490 ; cf. H. 932. 1. — 
 CTOi|JLOs. See IV, 29, note. 
 
 5. — TO xtipi-cfTov . . . PeXrio) : repeated with slight variations from 
 IV, 2, which see. — vvv Be. See IV, 42, note. — ov8' -fJTTTio-ee . . . 
 KiKivr\<rQi, nor have you been defeated; on the contrary, yoa have not 
 even stirred. There is an ambiguity, probably intentional, in the 
 words, ovok KeKlvt](TOe, which may mean either, you have not even been 
 dislodged from your position, or, you have not even bestirred yourselves. 
 
 8. — 'iv IvTcOGev ap|w|iai, to begin with this. H. 883. — ravra: i.e., 
 OTi e^ecTTiv dp-qv-qv ayeiu rrj irdXei Kal e(p' ripuv icm toOto. — €T£pos, I.e., 
 
 Philip. — v\Liv irpopdXXei, holds before you, cajoles you with. — (})d<rKeiv 
 . . . Sia(f>£po|j.ai, But to your pretending to be at peace, as he does, if 
 1J0U prefer, I do not object; i.e., I do not insist upon a formal renun- 
 ciation of the peace, provided you will go as far as Philip in virtual 
 violation of it. 
 
 9. — -TavTTiv ctpTJvqv. II. 632 a. "What shows that elp-qvi)v is pred. 
 ace. ? — irpwTOv |A€v — £ir€iTa. See IV, 3, note. — CKtCvw . . . Xt'-yei. 
 The phrases iKeivqj irap' vpiCJu and vfi?y nap' iKeivou are pred. modifiers 
 of TTjv eipT)vriv, with which understand oSo-a;'. The sentence therefore
 
 82 NOTES. 
 
 = i) eipijvi) 7)v Xiyei eKdixp Trap ii/xuv eariv, ovx vfMV trap' CKeivov, the peace 
 which he speaks of is observed on (lit. from) your side toward him, not 
 on his side toward you. Cf. H. 670 a and (518 ; G. 971, 972. — XP'I" 
 jjidTCtfv : gen. of price. The reference is to money spent in bribes. — 
 avTos . . . iroXtfjiciorOai : explanatory of toCto, 
 
 10. — lAe'xpt TovTov : explained by gws . . . -rroXeneiv. — ols. See VI, 
 17, ols, note. 
 
 11. — TovTo [tiv — ToiJTo 8*. H. 654 b ; G. 1010. — 'OXwOiois k.t.X. 
 I. 29. — Svoiv Gdrepov, one of two things ; best omitted in translation. 
 Cf. VI, 18, d/xcpdrepa, note. — airov : sc. fxrj oiKeTu. ■ — irdvTa . . . diro- 
 Xo-yTi(ro(i€vovs, though ahoays before, if any one brought any such accu- 
 sation against him, he was indignant and sent ambassadors to make a 
 counter-statement. For the condition, ei airidcraiTo, see VI, 20, el . . . 
 }\.iyoi, note. As there the present infinitive, so here the present parti- 
 ciples denote customary action in past time. H. 856 a ; G. 1289. 
 With verbs of sending, i^urpose is generally expressed by the fut. 
 partic. without the article. But cf. § 71, and M. 826. — els 4>toK€as 
 K.T.X. I. 34, 35. — T]pi5ov ol iroXXol, the majority (deceived by vEschi- 
 nes and such men) contended. — ttjv tKtivov irdpoSov, his entrance, i.e., 
 into Central Greece by the pass of ThermopylcB ; cf. VI, 30, eav 
 irap^Xdr], note. 
 
 12. — #€pds K.T.X. I. 37. — €x«t KaraXaPuv, seized and holds. G. 
 1262. — 'ilpciTais may depend upon either e<p'r] or ireirofMcpepau I. 41. 
 — €iricrKe»j;o|i€voi;s : the regular word for the payment of a visit by 
 physician to patient. The insulting jest is kept up in voaova-i. — irvv- 
 6dv€o-9ai -ydp. A 7dp-clause in oratio obliqua regularly takes the 
 mode of the leading verb of the quotation. Cf. M. 675, 1. — avToiis. 
 Cf. H. 878. — «s . . . cTToo-id^ovo-iv, that they were prostrated by party 
 strifes. I. 62. 
 
 13. — Do you then suppose that toxuard those who could not have 
 inflicted any injury, but could perhaps at most have saved themselves 
 from suffering any, toward these, I say, he chose to act deceitfully, 
 rather than to use force with fair warning, but that with you he will 
 wage war by proclamation, and that too while you are ivillingly de- 
 ceived ? On the relation of the fxiv- and 5^-clauses, see VI, 12, last 
 note. The argument is one d fortiori : by as much as Athens was 
 more powerful than the states just mentioned, by so much did Philip 
 have more motive in her case for concealing as long as possible his 
 hostile designs. For eir, see IV, 43, note; for p.T], 11. 1029, G. 1015; 
 for /cat ravd', H. 612 a. Notice the double contrast between iiroirja-av 
 pjkv and ixT) iradetv 5', and between tovtovs fxkv and vixlv 5'.
 
 NOTES. 83 
 
 14. — Twv dSiKovfxevwv . . . avTw, ivhile you, the injured party, make 
 no complaint against him. — t<j>' eavrov TptirtcrOai, to turn (intransitive) 
 against himself. — twv . . . }j.Kr0o<j)opovivTwv : I.e., Athenians like vEsclii- 
 nes, in the pay of Philip. — d(f>€\oiTo, should silence (lit. take away). 
 
 15. — 'AW* . . . av ; But oh, in Heaven'' s name, is there any one 
 who, in his senses, would from names rather than from facts judge of 
 the one at pence or at ivar with him 1 i.e., judge whether one was at peace 
 or at war with him ? — €| dpX'HS' See IV, 14, note. — owiro) Aioireieows 
 . . . dTr€<rTa\|i«va)v. I. 43. ev Xeppoyijcry and pdv modify ovtwu. — 
 €\d(xPave — c^ePaWev. Notice the tense. — tovs €k 2. . . . o-TpaTiwras. 
 H. 788 a ; G. 1225, 1. Cf. § 42, rbv xp^c^t/ rbv iK Mrjocov. — (rrpaTTj'yos : 
 Chares. — tlpVjvqv \uv -ydp 6|j,(0|i6Kei.. 700 introduces the justification 
 of the implication, — viz., he was doing flagrant injustice, — contained 
 in the preceding question, /jl^v lias no expressed correlative, the anti- 
 thetical clause — something like ir6\efj.ov dl iwoiuTo — being omitted. 
 Cf. IV, 10, £7(1) ^lkv yap, note. In saying that Philip had given his 
 oath at the time referred to, D. is guilty of a misrepresentation. 
 See I. 33. 
 
 16. — Ti Be TavT Io-tiv, But xvhat do these things amount to? — et 
 (i€v . . . €ji€\€v, for whether these things are trifling, or you did not 
 care about them, that is (lit. would be) another question. Forms of 
 expression similar to this are of somewhat common occurrence, the 
 et-clause being sometimes, as here, dependently interi'ogative, and 
 sometimes, as in Dem. xiii, 7, conditional. It is to be observed that 
 the two interrogative clauses in our passage are not alternative or 
 disjunctive ; ^ = vel, not an. For the use of fM7)d^v, see H. 1022 a ; 
 G. 1609. efieXev refers to the time when the above-mentioned con- 
 quests were being made. On oSros, cf. § 9, Ta^T-qv elprivrjv, note. — to 
 8* . . . SvpvajAiv, but whether one violates religion and justice in a 
 small or in a greater matter, it is all one; i.e., a small violation shows 
 as well as a great one one's character and hitentions. For the posi- 
 tion of rb eiffe^es Kal rb 5iKaiov, see IV, 29, tovt Blv, note ; for S.v t — 
 8.vt' , IV, 19, K&v — Khv, note. — <t>€p€ hi\, well then. — vvv, an emphatic 
 now, modifies Troie?. — Pao-iXcvs, the king of Persia ; cf. §§ 43, 47 ; VI, 
 11, note. — €-yvwKa<riv, have decided. There had p)robably been nothing 
 more than a tacit admission of the Athenian claims to the Chersonese. 
 — |evous K.T.X. I. 46. — €iri<rT€'\\«i, announces by letter. 
 
 17. — <j)T)s : addressed to some assumed defender of Philip's course; 
 indefinite second person. — e-yw 8e k.t.X. The skeleton of the sen- 
 tence is : eyii Sk Tocro&rov 5i(o . . . 6fji.o\oyeiv . . . uare . . . (prj/xl, but I am 
 so far from admitting . . . that I affirm, etc. D means that in his
 
 84 NOTES. 
 
 view, Philip has violated the peace, not merely in this direct aggression 
 upon Athens, but also in measures of interference in other states, 
 affecting Athens only indirectly. The rigid construction here put 
 upon Philip's obligations imder the Peace is one to which Philip 
 would never have assented. 1.37. — Mc-ydpwv . . . o-Kcvcopov^cvov. I. 
 40, 41, 43, 38. — TvpavviSa, tyranny, government by tyrants. Philip 
 secured this form of government in two cities, Eretria and Oreos. — 
 TO, €v n. o-Keuwpov(ievov, carrying on his Peloponnesian intrigues. — etos 
 av — irpocrdYwcriv, until they are bringing. What different meaning 
 would wpocraydyojcnv give ? 
 
 18. — Tio-iv ovv K.T.X., By what facts, then, should you be imperiled, 
 if anything should hapjjen (i.e., if war should break out between you 
 and Philip) ? By the fact of the Hellespjonf s having passed into other 
 hands, etc. A dative with KLvovvevei.i' regularly denotes the thing which 
 is risked (e.g., Kivdweveiv ry <Twfj,a.TL = to ri.sk one^s person), but here 
 the datives must be taken as expressing cause. The idea is that all 
 these extensions of Philip's power, if he is allowed to complete them, 
 will put Athens in a sad predicament in the event of war. — tcLkeivov 
 4)povfio-ai. L. & S. (ppoveo} II, 2, c. Notice the inceptive meaning of 
 the aor. — <))«. H. 860, 3 ; G. 1358. Gildersleeve and Lodge's Lat. 
 Gram. 265. 
 
 19. — iroWov -ye Kal Sei, far from it, a common formula with D., in 
 which Kal serves for emphasis. — d<j>' t]s TjiAcpas = dTro t^s rififpas ■§. 
 H. 994 a, 995 a ; G. 1038. — dveiXe ^wKtas. I. 36. — opi^oiiai, I affirm. 
 The word literally means to bound or determine, and hence is suitable 
 for fixing the date of beginning of an action. — tov6' — iroifjo-ai : i.e., 
 cLfwviadai. — Kal — -ye, Yes, and. Cf. VI, 29, koI iraKivy' . — twv dXXwv 
 Twv <rv(iPo\)\€u6vT«v = tQv dWijjv prjrdpuv. When oi ctXXot is joined with 
 an attributive participle, the article is used twice. — oiSe . . . Bv^avriov, 
 it does not even seem good to me to deliberate now about the Chersonese 
 nor Byzantium ; i.e., I do not approve of treating the Chersonese or 
 Byzantium as the main subject of consideration. I. 46. 
 
 20. — dXX . . . 'EXXi^vwv, but, while defending them (i.e., Chersonites 
 and Byzantines) and watching to prevent anything from happening to 
 them (cf. IV, 11, &v tl iradri, note), to deliberate about all the Greeks. 
 For the logical relation of the p-ev- and fxivToi-clanses, see VI, 12, last 
 note. — €| (3v, on lohat grounds. — irpovoiav . . . iroiT|o-T](r6€, may take 
 some thought fur yourselves, at any rate, unless perhaps you will for 
 others as loell. For ei fxri &pa (= nisi forte), see L. & S. &pa B, 6. — 
 X-qpeiv Kal T£Tuc}>wa-6ai, to be a vain babbler. — irpoo-e'xTjTe, may give 
 heed, L. & S. irpoaix^ 4, a.
 
 NOTES. 85 
 
 21. — |X€-yas: proleptic. Cf. IV, 8, dOdvara, note. — €K . . . dpxds, 
 froin being innUjniJicaiU and contemptible (it the outset. The phrase t6 
 KUT dpxas is an adverbial accusative. — avrovs = cIWtjXous. Cf. IV, 10, 
 auTwi', note. — €^ €K£Cvou : i.e., (k /xiKpov Kai raTreivoO. — ii vvv . . . iroiVjo-o- 
 <rOai, than for hlin nuio, when he has already made so inan^j acquisi- 
 tions, to get under his heel what remains also. On Troiri<Ta(T$ai, see H. 
 851 ; G. 1272. 
 
 22. — dej)' viiwv dp|a(i€voiis, be(jinning from you, with you at the head. 
 — iiirep ov = TOVTO iitrep ov. — tov . . . \p6vov. Cf. § 11, Trdvra t6v dXXow 
 xpdvov. — Ka6' e'va. Cf. IV, 20, Kad' ?Ka<rTov, note. — ovtwo-I. Cf. IV, 
 
 11, OVTU. 
 
 23. — On the Athenian, Spartan, and Theban Hegemonies, see I. 
 1-5. — ovSe iroXXov Sei. II. 743 b, end; G. 1110 (a). 
 
 24. — dXXd . . . iroXeiAeiv, but, on the one hand, against you, or rather 
 the Athenians of that time, when they seemed to conduct themselves 
 without due moderation toward some, all, even those who could bring no 
 accusation against them, thought they ought to join with those unjustly 
 treated in making war. — Kal irdXiv : used instead of tovto 5^, to cor- 
 respond to TOVTO fi^v. — AaKcSaijioviois depends upon eh Trb\ep.ov KaTi- 
 (TT-qcrav, v?liich = iiro\ifj,7}<xai>. — dp|ao-i. : inceptive. — ttjv avTTjv 8\)va<r- 
 Tetav i(xiv, the same sovereignty with you; i.e., the same which you 
 previously had. For iifxlv, see VI, 18, last note. — rd KaGeo-TTiKOTa ski- 
 vow, were disturbing the established institutions or governments. I. 1. 
 
 25. • — Kal Ti . . . dXX' : a favorite form of expression with D. ; cf. 
 § 59. The meaning is that the example of Athens and Sparta is of so 
 much more importance than that of other states that it is not worth 
 while to linger on the latter. The first half of § 24 refers to the Pelo- 
 ponnesiau War ; the second half to the Boeotian War, and possibly 
 also to the Corinthian ; the first part of § 25 to both, or all three. 
 Accordmg, therefore, to D., the opposition of Sparta and Athens in 
 the first of these wars was due to the desire of the former to redress 
 wi'ongs committed by the latter against other states ; in the other or 
 others, to the reverse state of things. This is, of course, a highly 
 rhetorical version of history. — av txovres = el kuI dv etxofjiev, although 
 we should have been able (if a.sked). H. 987 b; G. 1308. — s^dpxfjs. 
 Cf. § 15. — virip <3v = inrep tovtujv a. — rpiaKOVT — cpSop.'^iKOVTa : con- 
 venient round numbers, instead of 29 and 73 ; cf. § 23. — Ikcivois. 
 See IV, 17, rai/Tos, note. — rpio-l . . . €T£o-iv, thirteen incomplete years, 
 less than thirteen years. Why D. should date Philip's injustice from 
 the year 354-3 rather than from the beginning of his reign, is not very 
 clear. — ols = ev oh. In a relative clause which Las the value of an
 
 86 NOTES. 
 
 attributive adjective, a preposition common to both demonstrative and 
 relative clauses is not usually repeated ; cf. § 01, oirdcrTis. — (xaXXov Se : 
 cf. § 24. — ire'iATTTov jiepos. In public suits (Skat S-rj/j-da-iai) the prose- 
 cutor who did not win a fifth of the votes of the dikasts was subjected 
 to certain penalties. wiix-n-Tov fiepos v?as, therefore, a legal phrase of 
 common occurrence and much importance, and it may have passed 
 into common life as an expression for a small part, like oui' tithe. 
 This, however, is mere conjecture. 
 
 26. — "OXvvGov K.T.X. I. 29. The Methone here referred to is 
 usually supposed to have been situated on the Chalkidian peninsula. 
 
 — tiri 0paKT]s, on the borders of Thrace, i.e., on the Chalkidian penin- 
 sula, for which ra €Trl Qp^Krji is a standing designation. — coo-tc . . . 
 iliTiiv, SO that it is not easy for a visitor to say even whether they were 
 ever inhabited. irpoa-eXddvT agrees with nva understood. — Kal . . . 
 o-iwirw, and I pass in silence over the extermination of the great (lit. so 
 great) Phokian nation. — iroXireCas, constitutions. — T€Tpapx,itts. I. 43. 
 
 — KOT£(rTTi<r€v. H. 837 ; M. 58. 
 
 27.^ — For historical allusions, see I. 41, 46, 47, 42, 40. — KalravTa, 
 and this. Cf. § 13, Kal ravd', note. Thebes and Athens hated tyrants ; 
 hence the force of this addition, Kal ravra . . . ' Ad-qvCov. — "tjioi . . . 
 Po\jXo|i,€vovs." By this language Philip implied that he regarded as 
 enemies those who were not willing to obey {aKoieiv) him. To this 
 implication raOra in the next sentence refers. — Kal ov . . . iroiei, And 
 he does not (merely) write this, but fail to carry it out by his deeds; or, 
 And he does not write this without executing it. The first ov negatives 
 the whole expression, ypd(pei p-iv ravra, toTs 5' epyocs ov Troiei. — tjkev. 
 See IV, 34, <{5xer', note. — t) Pap^apos : sc. yrj or xcipa. — X"P"> '^ 
 large enough for. 
 
 28. — ov'tm . . . -iroXeis, but we are so wretchedly disposed and trenched 
 apart city by city ; such is our wretched condition of political disunion. 
 I. 62. — ovSe — ovSe, not even — nor even, different from ovre — ovre. 
 H. 1043, 2, a. — o-vo-riivai, to band together. 
 
 29.- — ■ yiyv6\Ltvov. H. 982; G. 1585. — tov xP<''"'v . . . l-yvcoKws, 
 each one resolved to make capital out of that time in which another is 
 being destroyed. Such were the mutual jealousies of the Greek states 
 and their blindness to the common danger that each expected to 
 profit by another's loss. — lirel introduces the justification of the im- 
 plication, contained in the words, ovx iVws . . . irpdrTuv, that Greece 
 is in danger. — ircpCoSos . . . KaKov. There seems to be here a mix- 
 ture of similes. A vepiodos irvperov is a recurrence of an (intermittent) 
 fever, and applies to the cases of those Greeks whom Philip had from
 
 NOTES. 87 
 
 time to time attacked. A Kara^oXrj irvperoO tj tivos &\\ov kukov is an 
 attack of fever or some other disease, and this comparison suggests tiic 
 spread of an epidemic. — tS . . . d4>6orTdvai = tc? vvv doKovvn -irdw 
 7r6ppw dcpea-Tdmi.. Account for D.'s arrangement of tlie words. 
 
 30. — I'o-Tt. Cf. IV, 12, tcrd', note. — dXX' . . . \iytiv, at any rate 
 (dXX' odv — ye) they loere wronged by men who were lawful sons of 
 Hellas, and one would have taken this in the same way as, if a son, 
 lawfully born to a large property, had been managing it not altogether 
 well nor rightly, one would liave held that, so far as that itself went, 
 he ivas worthy of blame and denunciation, but that it was impossible to 
 say that he was acting thus without belonging to the family, or without 
 being heir to this property. After wa-n-ep ^.v supply vw^Xa^e, on which 
 ehai and emrai depend ; cf. VI, 8, wffTrep clu ei, note. Notice that in 
 both this and the following sentence the verbs of the conditions are 
 in the imperfect to denote continued action, those of the conclusions 
 in the aorist to denote momentary action, iirolei is imperfect by 
 attraction ; cf. IV, 2, TrpoffrjKe, note. This effective comparison must 
 not be interpreted too literally ; Athens and Sparta had no rights of 
 ownership which the other states recognized. 
 
 31. — •u'troPo\i(jLaios. It was not uncommon in Greece for a child- 
 less wife to attempt to deceive her husband and others by taking 
 another's infant and declaring it to be her own. See the references 
 in L. & S. under vwolBdWu} II, urro^oXij 2, and inro^oXtnaXos. — virep = 
 irepi. Cf. IV, 1, vTT^p wv, note. — ovx ovtws. ovx repeats emphatically 
 the ovx of the preceding line. — ov jaovov . . . "EXXiicrtv. D. consist- 
 ently ignores the tradition which certified to the Hellenic lineage of 
 the Macedonian kings (I. 11), and treats Philip as the representative 
 of his people. Cf. Dem. iii, 16. — €vt€v0€v o0€v KaXov eiiruv (sc. eivai), 
 from those regions from which it is honorable to say that one comes, 
 from a place which can be named with honor. — 6X«6pov. L. & S. 
 6\e0pos II. — bOev . . . irporepov. For odev referring to Ma/ceSiws, cf. 
 H. 6o3 b. Probably the truth is that there had been few or no Mace- 
 donian slaves in Greece ; which fact, honorable to the Macedonians, 
 is ingeniously but falsely explained by D. as due to their worthless- 
 ness. Some, however, accept D.'s words literally. 
 
 32. — ov belongs with each of the following questions. — irpos . • ■ 
 dvTipTiK€vai, in addition to having destroyed cities. — Tl6r\iri, presides 
 over. I. .30. Philip was present at the celebration of the games in 
 340, but, as our passage indicates, sent In 342 as his representatives 
 Macedonian nobles, whom, as subjects of a king, D. contemptuously 
 calls his slaves (cf. § 43, ' XpOpiov dov\op jSacriX^ws).
 
 88 NOTES. 
 
 33. — For historical allusions, see I. 4.3, 41. — t6v 8ii|jlov t6v 'Epe- 
 Tpiewv. 6 'FjpeTpUwv Brj/xos or 6 8i]/j.os 6 'EpeTpiiwf means the Eretrian 
 people, in distinction from the people of any other city ; 6 di}fxos 
 'EperpUuv means the popular party in Eretria, in distinction from the 
 aristocratic party or the tyrants in the same city. Cf. H. 730 d. 
 Thus, although in both cases drjfxos means a commonalUj, a mass hav- 
 ing equal privileges, the former expression is the one naturally used 
 when the place is the thing of importance, or, in other words, when 
 the emphasis falls on the genitive. — ravO' is object of both bpwvres 
 and dedjpeiv. — opuvres. II. 983 ; G. 1580. — cv^ofi-cvoi, . . . ■y€v€'cr0ai, 
 each praying that it may not fall upon themselves. The idea is that 
 the Greeks regard Philip's movements as being, like a hail-storm, 
 beyond the sphere of their own control, as something to avert which 
 they have no resource biit prayer. 
 
 34. — ov fiovov . . . dSiKcirai, And not only does no one take vengeance 
 upon him in view of the insolent treatment which Greece receives at his 
 hands, but not even for the wrongs which each suffers himself. Not 
 only is there an absence of Panhellenic patriotism, but each state is 
 too mean-spirited to redress even its own injui'ies. — toBto . . . ia-nv. 
 ToixTxarov is to be taken as subject, roOro as predicate, the idea being, 
 for this is what the extreme, the climax of his insolence (implied above, 
 § 32, tI T97S eo-xaxT/s l;/3pews diroXeiirei. ;) now amounts to, viz., that each 
 individual is wronged, avrds '^Kaaros ddLKurai.. — ov KopivOicov k.t.X. 
 The pos.sessive genitives stand, for emphasis, at the head of their 
 respective clauses. For the allusions, see I. 42, 43, 47, 4.5. The 
 words /cat vvv . . . 'ovras, which break the rhetorical symmetry of the 
 passage, are regarded by some as spurious, or as belonging in § 33, 
 after KaTauT^qcrovras. With avixixaxovs Suras, understand iavrov. 
 
 35. — pXe'ironev, we look askance, or suspiciously. 
 
 36. — XoYOD, a reason. — eXcvOepav . . . fiTTaro, maintained Greece 
 in freedom, and gave way to no battle on land or sea; i.e., did not 
 waver before the dangers and hardships of war. — vvv 8' diroXwXos, 
 but which being now lost; or, according to the English idiom, but the 
 loss of which now. Cf. Madvig's Lat. Gram. 420. — ovw KaV Karu, 
 upside down. 
 
 37. — 'EXXdSa : dependent equally upon Epxeiv and dtacpdelpeiv, though 
 taking the case required by the latter. — Ti,p.o>pCa ji€"y£orTTj. The receipt 
 of bribes, SwpodoKla, was punished, according to circumstances, by a 
 fine of ten times the amount received, confiscation of property, atimia, 
 or death. Although susceptibility to bribes was always a weak point 
 in the Greek character, Demosthenes is probably right in representing
 
 NOTES. 89 
 
 that in oarlier times it had met with surer and severer punishment 
 tlian in his own day. — tovtov : i.e., rbv dwpodoKovvTa i^eXeyxO^vra. 
 
 38. — Tov . . . -irpaYfidTwv, The opportunity, therefore, for each deed. 
 
 39. — worirep . . . tKirt'-irpaTai, have been sold out of market, as it were; 
 the market is exhausted of these commodities. — v((>* . . . 'EWds, thincja 
 through whose influence Greece is sick unto death (lit. is ruined and 
 diseased). — Si^Xos . • . eiriTLnS. The sense is: Nowadays, if a man 
 has received a bribe, he is envied for his good fortune ; if he unblush- 
 ingly parades his guilt (as D. elsewhere accuses Philokrates of doing), 
 it is treated as a joke ; and if a rigid moralist here and there ventures 
 to denounce the crime and the general indifference to it (toi^tois, 
 neuter), he gets only ill-will for his pains. — T]pTT)Tai, depend upon, 
 follow from. 
 
 40. — tirel, for. The fact that in material resources the Greeks are 
 better off now than in the time of the Persian "Wars, is introduced as 
 proof that present evils must be attributed to the moral causes just 
 named. — XP^H-"''''**'' ^^^Y depend on cither irXriOos or dipOovia. — rfjs 
 aXXris KaTao-K€\)fis : i.e., arms, engines of war, and the like. — airao-i, 
 all the Greeks. — t«v totc = n rocs t6t€. H. 04-3 b; G. 1155. 
 
 41. — "On . . . €X€i, Bid for proof that these things are so. The 
 clause is loosely iirefixed, witliout grammatical dependence. — rd vvv, 
 the present state of things. — -rrpoo-Stio-Oe, need in addition to the testi- 
 mony of your own eyes. — rd Iv tois dvwOev xpovois may be regarded 
 as a nominative, in which case see for its position, IV, 20, toOt clv, 
 note, or as an accusative, the object of St/Xcjo-w, by prolepsis. — rdvav- 
 rla — ivavrlajs. — d . . . dKpoiroXiv. Connect ets aKpSwoKiv with Kard- 
 devTo, eh crTrj\Tjv witla ypd\f/avTes. For the omission of the article with 
 a-KpoTToXiv, see H. 661. 
 
 42. — "ApOfiios. The case of Arthmius figures repeatedly in the 
 Greek orators. It is used again by D. xix, 271, by iEschines iii, 258, 
 and by Deinarclius ii, 24. It is also found in a passage of the rheto- 
 rician Aristeides (xiii, 180), on wliicli an extant scholium comments, 
 and is mentioned by Plutarch (Themistokles, 0). As far as can be 
 made out, the facts, as understood by the orators, were these : Arth- 
 mius, of Zeleia in Troas, was, at the time of Xerxes' invasion, a tem- 
 porary resident of Athens, and had been honored by an appointment 
 as Athenian proxenus. Being, however, discovered in an attempt to 
 bribe the Spartans with Persian gold, he was driven from Athens and 
 declared an outlaw, and the sentence was recorded by an inscription 
 set up on the acropolis. — ^r\(riv : sc. rd ypafifxara, the inscription. — 
 dTijios. In the other quotations of this inscription by Demosthenes
 
 90 NOTES. 
 
 himself, by iEscliines and by Deinarchus, this word, dnno^, of which 
 D. here makes so much, is not found. For its meaning, see below, 
 § 44, note. — xp'""'^^ here = xp^'^^^v- — tov €k MVjSaiv. Cf. § 15, toi;s 
 iK . . . CTT/jartwras, note, 
 
 43. — tCs iroe*. Cf . IV, 85, rl d-^ Trore, note. — tJ tC to af Cwnia, or 
 rather ^uhat their sense of dignity. — 8ov\ov Pao-iXtcos. Cf. § 32, 
 8otj\ovs, note. — ex^P"*' — dTi|j,ovs. Account for the change of 
 number. 
 
 44. — The argument is as follows: The atimia to which Arthmius 
 was condemned cannot have been tliat suspension from civil riglits to 
 which this name is ordinarily applied (see Diet. Antiq. , Atimia) ; for 
 this, to a mere metic, would have been no punishment at all. But 
 there is another use of the word iLnixos, found in our ancient Drakonian 
 laws respecting homicide, where it signifies an outlaw, whom any one 
 may kill with impunity. This then nuist be the sense in which the 
 word is used in the inscription. — r\v . . . driixCav, what one would call 
 atimia in the usual sense of the loord; mere ordinary atimia. Cf. L. 
 & S. oyrws IV. — t£ -ydp tG ZeXeixT) (sc. rjv)., For lohat mattered it to 
 theZeleian? — r&v 'ABiivaicov KoivtSv. to. koivo. signifies those rights 
 which all citizens had in common. For the position of the phrase, 
 see IV, 29, tovt hv ■yivT)rai, note. — vfrep . . . 8iKd<rao-0ai, touching 
 those for whom (if killed) it is not permitted to bring indictments for 
 murder (against those who killed them), virkp wv = vn^p tovtwv inrip 
 (Sv. To 8idf supply as subject 6 voixoder-qs ; he does not permit. For 
 hiKaaaffdaL, see H. 816, 8. — " Kal arifjios," <j>il<rl, " Tcevdrw." Accord- 
 ing to D.'s interpretation the quoted words apply to one who may be 
 slain with impunity. For the redundant use of (ptiffi., see L. & S. (p-ntii, 
 II, 3, end. Its subject is 6 voixodirr]s understood.- — tovto . . . tlvai, 
 This, then, is the meaning (of the inscription), that the slayer of any 
 one of them (Arthmius and his family) is free from blood-guiltiness. 
 As subject to \^yei, supply rd yptififxara. We might, it is true, under- 
 stand 6 pop.od^T7]s again as subject, and make to^tui' refer to the per- 
 sons contemplated in the quoted law ; but this is less satisfactory, 
 because, first, the sentence would then contain nothing which is not 
 implied in the preceding sentence, and, secondly, the argument in 
 regard to the meaning of the word drifxas in the inscription would not 
 then be brought to a distinct conclusion. 
 
 45. — d . . . 8ia4>0€ipei. This is a dependent question (el ■= whether) ; 
 hence the use of the pres. indie. If the clause were felt to be a con- 
 dition, what would be tlie form of the verbs ? — \Lr\ tovG' v-Tro\a^|3d- 
 vovo-iv (dat. of participle) = d firj tov$' vireXdfj.fiavoi', if they had not
 
 NOTES. 1 
 
 held thifi opinion. — al'o-Goivro : so. dvovfj-^vov^ Kal Si.a<pO€lpoi'Tas. — tA 
 Twv 'E\Xt|vwv. Cf. IV, 12, TO. TTJs Tvxrfi, note. 
 
 46. — tlliru. Cf. § 18, 0w, note. If our text is correct, we may 
 suppose that D. has in mind events like tlie recent acquittal of iEschi- 
 ncs (I. 44), and that his questions are intended as suggestions of what 
 he does not explicitly name. Then, after a pause, he turns in § 47 to 
 the proofs of Philip's formidableness. For the common text, see the 
 Appendix. "^ 
 
 47. — tvTi0i]s X670S, silly say in;/. — ws apa, that really. The phrase 
 is often used in quoting an opinion with which one does not agi-ce. — 
 ot . . . aTrao-T]?: an exaggerated way of describing the Lacedfemonian 
 Hegemony, which extended over most of the Greek world. • — Pao-iXc'a 
 . . . tlx""* !• '^- — v(J)t<rTaTo . . . avrovs, and nothing withstood them, ; 
 or, idiomatically, and whom nothing withstood. H. 1005 ; G. 1040. — 
 dirdvTiov . . . lirCSoo-iv, though almost everything has greatly improved. 
 For cJs €7ros elweiv, see VI, 1, note. 
 
 48. — dKovu. Cf. IV, 17, (paa-iv, note. In fact, D.'s description of 
 the way in which the Peloponnesian War was carried on is in all 
 probability obtained from Thucydides. — re'Trapas . . . ttcvt*. This 
 is given by D. as the period within which incursions might be under- 
 taken, but the estimate is consid(^rably too short. Eight months 
 would be nearer the truth. — ttjv wpaiav ovt^v, just during the sum- 
 mer-season. — dv — dvaxwpeiv. II. 8:3'), !)G4 ; G. 1296, 1308. — oirXCrais 
 . . . (rTpoT€vp.oo-iv. II. 774 ; G. 1190. — ovrca . . . iroXiTiKws, andlhey 
 were so old-fashioned, or rather., patriotic. — ovSk, not even, emphasizes, 
 not xp»7MaTwv alone, but the whole clause. — xP^H'°''*'<^v- Cf. VI, 10, 
 K^pSovs, note. — Tiva. Cf. VI, 30, tis, note. 
 
 49. — dKov€T€ Z(. The Athenians are sarcastically represented as 
 knowing nothing about Philip's methods of warfare except by hear- 
 say. — paSi^ovO' : supplementary participle to d/coi/ere. — dXXd t2 . . . 
 «|T]pTfj<r0tti, hut by trailing at his heels, etc. In the military system 
 perfected by Philip, the phalanx of hoplites, armed with large round 
 shields and long spears, constituted the "central body of the national 
 forces. . . . Besides the phalanx, there existed as a separate division 
 of the infantry, the species of troops called Hypaspistre [here called 
 by D. 1,^1X0/], who were probably more lightly armed and more loosely 
 organized. . . . The mountaineers were after their fashion employed 
 to strengthen the military force, serving as light-armed troops and 
 bowmen. . . . Foreigners were used by Philip when they seemed to 
 promise to be of advantage. . . . Special attention was devoted by 
 him to the cavalry. At its head was t!ic proper place of the king.
 
 92 • NOTES. 
 
 whose person was surrounded by a picked body of horsemen." Cur- 
 tius, Hist. Greece, Vol. V, p. 50. Demosthenes may be here imder- 
 stood to mean that Philip's rapid marches were sometimes made 
 without heavy-armed troops. — toiovtov o-TparoircSov, an army, in a 
 word, of this sort. 
 
 50. — lir\ TovTois, hereupon; or possibly the meaning may be, at the 
 head of these troops. — voo-ovvras tv avrots, people suffering from do- 
 mestic dissensions. Cf. § 12, voaovcn. — dxio-riav, distrust felt by the 
 citizens toward one another. — €^£t], marches forth. — |it]xavTi|i.aT' . . . 
 iroXiopK£i. The art of siege underwent great improvement in Philip's 
 hands. — Kal o-iwirco . . . 8ia4)€'p€i, And I pass over summer and winter, 
 that it makes no difference; or freely, And I pass over the fact that it 
 makes no difference to him whether it is summer or winter. Cf. what 
 is said above, § 48 ; also IV, 31. — i^V SiaXeiTrti, which he omits, dur- 
 ing lohich he rests. There seems to be no reason for considering 
 5taXe/7rw in this and similar phrases as intransitive, though this was 
 the view of L. & S. (6th edition). 
 
 51. — (j.€'vToi, however; i.e., although I do not enlarge upon them. 
 
 — tiyjOciav, simplicity ; cf. § 48. — dXX' is . . . 8ia-yajvi5«o'9at', hut as 
 long as possible beforehand to secure yourselves by 2^olitical measures 
 and military preparations, intent upon preventing him from stirring 
 from home, (and) not to engage %oith him in a close struggle. tJs 
 strengthens irXelarov. ovxl modifies 5e? understood ; cf. IV, 39, on 5ei 
 K.T.X., where, however, the negative clause precedes. (rvfiirXaK^vTas 
 contains a metaphor from wrestling ; see L. & S. o-u^ittX^kw II, 2. 
 
 52. — o7€iv Kai c{>ep€iv. Cf. IV, 34, dycav Kal (pipoov, note. — els Sc . . . 
 r\trKr[To.\., hut for a wrestling-?naic/t he is in better training than ive. 
 As distinguished from -n-oXe/xos, which is he-re used of a war carried 
 on at a distance, dywv means a struggle at close quarters, on Attic 
 territory. 
 
 53. — ovSt. The force of fj-ovov still continues ; and not only. — t£ 
 XoYio-iiu Kal TTJ SiavoCa, with reason and purpose, with mind and soul. 
 
 — |jiia-fj(rai. : inceptive. — tovs : to be joined with inrrjperovvras. 
 
 54. — |i(opias 1^ TrapavoCas. Cf . IV, 9, daeXydas, note. — ovk €x« ti 
 \iyo), I knoio not what to call it. Ci. § 4. — \t.i] ti . . . eXavvrj, thai 
 some divinity is driving the state to ruin. Goodwin (M. p. 134) con- 
 jectures eXavvsL for iXatJvri ; but the pres. subj. after a verb of fearing 
 sometimes does not differ appreciably from the pres. mdic. in mean- 
 ing ; e.g., Soph. (Ed. R., 747 ; Eur. Medea, 317. — XoiSopCas . . . alrias, 
 for abuse, envy, scoffing, or lohatever reason it may be. This use of 
 rvyxdvw is to be explained as having grown out of an ellipsis of a
 
 NOTES. 93 
 
 participle to be supplied from the principal sentence (here KeXei/ocres), 
 so that the literal translation would be, for ivhatever cause you may 
 happen to. Cf . IV, 46, fin hv t^xv'^- ^vcku is used here in two senses. 
 With (p96vov and airlas it means because of, with Xoioopias and crKuniiaros, 
 for the sake of. D. often rebukes the Athenian fondness for listening 
 to scurrihty, to which in his legal, though not in his parliamentary 
 orations, he sometimes himself panders. — ws ovk €l<rl. Just as an 
 infinitive after a verb of negative meaning commonly takes a /iij which 
 to us seems superfluous (II. 1029; G. 1015), so a declarative sentence 
 after such a verb may take an untranslatable ov ; dpvTjdeXev S.v ds ovk 
 €l(7l = a.pvr)detev hv ij/q ehai. H. 1029 a. D. probably has Philokrates 
 in mind ; cf. § .39, note. 
 
 55. — Kal oi\l . . . Scivov, And this is not yet dangerous, although it 
 is dangerous; And this, bad as it is, is not the worst; a favorite form 
 of expression with T). — TToXirtvtirQai, to shape the policy of the state; 
 L. & S. TToXtTeww B, II, 2. — TO goes with id^Xeiv. 
 
 56. — For facts, see I. 28, 29. — t«v Iv tois irpd"y|*ao-i, of the public 
 men, of those engaged in public affairs; cf. § 2, toi>s iirl rots irpdyfj-affiv. 
 
 — 4>iXC'n-Trou : pred. gen. after ri<Tav, some were on Philip'' s side. — ol 
 Tov PeXxto-Tov, the adherents of the best (i.e., the patriotic) cause. 
 Most MSS. and editions omit oi. — irpciTTovTes. The clause oVws . . . 
 TToXtTttt depends upon irpaTTovTes. H. 885 ; G. 1372 ; L. & S. irpaffo-w 
 II, 7. — ol TO, 4>i\tTnrov 4>povovvT€s, those who were partisans of Philip ; 
 cf. § 18, TaKeivov (ppovTjaai. The article goes also with a-vKocpavTovvres 
 and Sta^dWovTcs. — oV ■^v i\ TToXis, v}hile the city existed. 
 
 57. — For facts, see I. 40, 41. — Ov . . . ovi8a|j,ov, Now not among 
 these only . . . and noiohere else. — ol [uv . . . irpa-yji.aTa, soine loere 
 trying to attach the state to you. ^yov is imperfect of attempted action. 
 
 — dKovovT€s . . . (idWov (sc. ^ fKdvwv), But lending a readier ear in 
 most matters to these (i.e., the latter). — TcXevTcovrts. H. 9G8 a ; G. 
 1564 ; L. & S. TeXevrdoi II, 4. 
 
 58. — Kal ■ydp toi. See IV, 6, note. — o-ii|x|xaxos. Mo.st editions read 
 6 ai/xfiaxos, or 6 avp-p-axos Kal (plXoi. The words are bitterly ironical. 
 
 — o-(o5€o-0ai. As a passive, ffih^eadai means (1) to be saved, (2) to be 
 safe, to ];)rosper, (.3) to escape; as a middle, to save for oneself. Of 
 these meanings, the last two are evidently inapplicable here. We 
 may translate, he has twice already driven them (i.e., the phil-Athenian 
 party), loishing to be rescued, out of the country, and interpret the 
 words /SouXo/Lt^vovs aih^ecrOai to mean that they wished to be saved from 
 the dangerous political situation, from a tyranny supported by Mace- 
 donian arms.
 
 94 NOTES. 
 
 59. — Kttl tC . . . aW. Cf. § 25, at the beginning, to. ttoWo. \4yeip 
 = to speak of the great mass of cases, i.e., to go through the rest of the 
 long list. — eirpaTxe 4>iXi'n-jrto, was working for Philip. — ravr* : i.e., 
 OTL ^Cklw-Kifi TrpaTTovcriv. — Evnj)paios : SC. tirpaTTe, upon which the 
 clause Swcas . . . iaovrai depends. Cf. above, § 56, wpdTTovTes, note. 
 
 — avOpwiros . . . olKi^o-as. Tlie allusion to Euphraeus's residence in 
 Athens — where he is said to have been a disciple of Plato — is made 
 with pride; the suggestion is that his love of liberty was acquired 
 there. 
 
 60. — ovTos . . ■ Sifjuov, As to how this man was in other (lit. the other) 
 ways insulted and foully wronged by the people, it would be possible to 
 tell a long story, to, aWa is cogn. obj. of the verbs which follow. 
 For its position and that of oCtos befoi-e ws, see IV, 29, tout &p, note. 
 TO, axXa means the other wrongs than the one about to be named. 
 
 — €V£S£i|€v, indicted. — xopri-yov . . . Trpwrave-uoiAevoi (sc. inr' avrov), 
 having Philip as their choregus and prytanis, i.e., acting under Philip's 
 direction. — dird-yovo-i. L. & S. aTrdyw IV, 3. 
 
 61. — clvtI . . . dTroTviAiravio-ai, instead of helping him (Euphrseus) 
 and cudgeling them (Philistides and his partisans) to death. — lirtT'^Stiov, 
 deserving, in predicate agreement with rbv. — lir' . . . T|Poii\ovTo, with 
 as much freedom as they wished. For ottoo-t/s, see § 25, ols, note. — 
 KareoTKevd^ovTo ttiv irpdiiv, were maturing their scheme. — twv iroXXoav. 
 Cf . IV, 29, TovT cLv, note. — lo-i-ya Kal KaTeTre'irXiiKTo, was silent and 
 terror-stricken, was silent from terror. — Ev<J)paiov. H. 878. • — |j.£|xvt)- 
 (le'voi : plural, referring to rts. H. G09 a. — pii^ai ^aviiv. L. & S. 
 pi^yvvfu, I, 4. — Siao-Ke\)acrd|A€voi, in battle array. 
 
 62. — rryi rroXtois dei)endii on apxovcri and rvpavvovcTL. — tovs . . . ovras, 
 those who then rescued them and were ready to inflict any severity on 
 Euphroius. rbre refers to the time when Euphrseus brought the in- 
 dictment for treason above referred to ; avroiis is an indirect reflexive, 
 referring to ol jxkv, Philistides and his friends, whom the people saved 
 by not supporting Euphrajus. toi>s — ovras is distributed into tovs p-kv 
 and Toiis 5k, .some and others; cf. VI, 11. 
 
 63. — TC . . . £X€iv, What in the loorld, then, is the cause, perhaps 
 you wonder, of the fact that . . . were more favorably disposed. An in- 
 finitive depending upon ainos may stand (1) without the article, or (2) 
 in the genitive with roO, or (.3) in the accusative, as here, with t6. 
 ex^"' refers to past time. — otrtp . . . on, It is the fact which with you 
 also is the cause of the same conduct, the fact, namely, that ; it is, as 
 in your case also, the fact that. — ov8€ PovXo|i€vois, not even if they 
 wish to. — irpos X^P''"- S^® -^^i ^^5 ""P"^ vdovrjv, note. — ol 8* . . . o-wji-
 
 NOTES. 95 
 
 irpdTTOvo-iv, but the others, in their ver7j flatteries, cooperate with Philip, 
 iv oh is probably to be understood as standing for in tovtois a. The 
 clause oh xo-p^^ovrat, being treated exactly like a substantive, has the 
 intensive avrois agreeing witli it. 
 
 64. — «l<r4>ep€iv, to pay taxes; of. IV, 7. — tK^Xtuov. The implied 
 subject of this verb is oi vw^p toO ^eXrla-rov XiyovTes, which, in view of 
 the following old', would be regularly represented here by oi niv. The 
 context, however, leaves no doubt as to who are meant, and a certain 
 emphasis seems to be gained by the omission. Rather different are 
 the cases where the sentence starts out with no intention of a contrast, 
 but by an afterthought a clause with ol Si is added; e.g., Xen. Hell. 
 1, 2, 14, ipxo'''''o f's Ae/cAeia;', oi 5e eh M^yapa. — ToWa . . . irdvO'. The 
 words rdXXa iravra may be regarded as the object of some such word 
 as iTTolovv understood. H. 612. In the same way, I think, with eoery- 
 thing else. — 'iva . . . \^-y<>> : cf. § 8, tv evrevOev Ap^w/xai, note. — ot \iiv 
 are the same as the ol 5' above. — l<j>' ols x*P''0'''''''«»'i( by which (lit. on 
 which) they loould please. — -iroXXd . . . evojii^ov, And many thinrjs at 
 the last the people accepted, not so much for their own pleasure even nor 
 on account of Ignorance, as sinking in despair, since they thought that 
 they were utterly ruined; i.e., at the last, seeing that their ruin was 
 inevitable, they lost heart and let things take their course. TroXXd Kal 
 rd reXevTaia literally = many and the last things, or to. reXeuTata may 
 be used adverbially, at last. — In place of oide — oiidi, most MSS. read 
 cure — cure. For the difference, see § 28, note, irpbs x'^-P'-" is gener- 
 ally interpreted, in order to please, i.e., out of complaisance toward 
 the statesmen, but perhaps it is used in the sense given above in the 
 translation : cf. H. 805 c, end. ol troWoi means the people, as distin- 
 guished from the statesmen. dXX', but, is here used instead of (Js, as, 
 after ovx ov'tus; similarly we sometimes find oi) yuaXXov — dWd. For 
 Tots SXois, see L. & S, , SXos II, 2. 
 
 65. — o k.tA. D.'s fear is that the Athenians in like manner will 
 become disheartened and succumb. — iTd6T)T€. L. & S. irdcrxw III, 2. — 
 €ireiSdv . . . €v6v, when you know by carefid consideration thai nothing 
 is in your power, that it is all over with you. %veip.L, in the sense to be 
 possible is regularly followed by the simple dative, and the ev of our 
 text is omitted by most MSS. and editions. — Kairou . . . ^tXtirirov, 
 But now may affairs not come, men of Athens, to this pass (i.e., to a 
 pass in which you can no longer do anything that will help you) ; 
 but (if they should) it is better to die ten thousand deaths than to 
 do anything in the loay of fawning upon Philip. Expressions like 
 Tidvdvai p.vp{,dKii, milies perire, are common in Greek and Latin.
 
 96 NOTES. 
 
 The combination of fxvpidKis witli Kpe?TToi> is also admissible (cl. I'lat. 
 Rep. 587 e). 
 
 66. — KaX'^v V . . • X*P''''j (('fine return have the masses of Oreos now 
 received, ye adds emphasis to the ironical Ko.\r)v. — ewOovv, were 
 repelling, strove against; a prolonged act, and hence expressed by 
 the imperf . — |iao-Ti-yov|ji£voi Kal o-<j)aTT6|j.€voi,, under the lash and the 
 axe. 
 
 67. — TO. Toiavra, such things as the Oreitae, Eretrians, and Olyn- 
 thians hoped for, i.e., that no gi-eat harm would befall them. — ri]\i- 
 KavTT]v — TO (ifYeSos, so great in size. — wrn . . . ireCo-eo-Gau, that in no 
 event will you suffer severely. The phrase ^ut/S' clv bnovv 5, literally, 
 not even if anything whatever exist) occurs also in Dem. xix, 324 : simi- 
 larly, Dem. xviii, 108, ovd' d tl yevocro • Plato, Krito, 49, C, ov8' Slv 
 oTiovv TrdffxVi 6tC. betvbv ■rrel(Te(jdai is used here like deivdv tl TrelffecrdaL 
 or Setyd irelaecrOai.. 
 
 68. — tCs . . ■ iroifjo-ai, Why., who would have expected these things to 
 happen ? Good Heavens, we of course ought to have done this and this, 
 and not to have done this. For the tense of yeviadai, in place of which 
 we should expect a future, cf. M. 99. yap has not here in either sen- 
 tence its causal value ; for its use in questions, see IV, 10, yivoiro yap 
 dv, note ; for the meaning certainly in the second sentence, see Bseum- 
 lein, Griechische Partikeln, p. 70. For the use of rb, see H. 655 b ; 
 G. 984. — vvv and tot' are emphatic by position. For t6t', see IV, 
 29, TovT CLV, note. 
 
 69. — o-w^TjTai, is safe ; cf . § 58, ffilo^eadai, note. — av t£ — av t. Cf. 
 § 16. — Kttl vavTTiv Kal K\)P€pvT)TT]v, hoth sailor and pilot. In the use 
 of vavTTjv for vavras and in the omission of the article, the Greek ex- 
 pression may be exactly reproduced in English. — irdvT avSpa e^fjs, 
 every man in order, i.e., without exception. — virepcrxxi, has broken 
 over it. 
 
 70. — Kol T|(X€is. Cf. IV, 41, /cat vp-eh, note. — ews €o-|A£v o-woi. The 
 indicative is used here because the clause refers to the actual present 
 case, whereas 'iias hv cnh^rtrai above refers to an indefinite assumed 
 case. Cf. H. 909, G. 1427 with H. 914 B, G. 14.31. — t£ . . . KdeT]Tai, 
 What shall we do ? some one of the audience has perhaps long been 
 wishing to ask. This is a rhetorical substitute for the natural con- 
 clusion, we must exert ourselves in like manner. The words TjSiws &v 
 tffws ipwr-qa-uiv have been variously explained. (1) They may be the 
 equivalent of Ss iidius Ak taus ipurriffei. The only objection to this is 
 the rare occurrence in Attic writers of av with future forms ; see 
 M. 197, 216, (2) Some editors enclose the words ridius d.v taws in
 
 NOTES. i)7 
 
 commas, and siq^ply with them epwruv or roSro ttoiQv, an explanation 
 whicli seems forced and unnatural. (3) Others, without MS. author- 
 ity, change ipwrrjawv to epwrijo-as, so that the words = oj ■^S^ws d;* IVws 
 ipwTTiaue (or perhaps rather rjpdjT-qae). — Kal -Ypdi|/<o Se, and will move 
 too. II. 1042, line 7. — av Pov\T](r6E. Cf. IV, 30, '6.v vp.lv dpi<XKri, note. 
 
 — irapao-Keva^6|x£voi, preparing ourselves, a direct middle ; in the next 
 section irapeaKevaffp-ivoL means having prepared for ourselves, an indi- 
 rect middle. — \ey<i), I mean. 
 
 71. — ToiiTa 8ti. The sentence, having been interrupted by the 
 parenthesis, takes here a fresh start. 5?) is resumptive. — tovs 
 aWovs : i.e., the Greeks of other states than Athens. — tovs ravra 
 SiSd^ovras irpecrPeis : i.e., ambassadors who shall announce that we 
 are ready and intending to resist l*liilip. For the construction, see 
 § 11, Toi)s awo\oyyj<yop.ivov%, note. — dv ti Seij. Cf. lY, 1(5. — cl 8e ^r\ 
 . . . "irpd-yiiao-tv, hut if not, you may at any rate introduce delay into 
 events. The idea is that Athens, by taking a firm and threatening 
 attitude, can at least temporarily arrest Philip's movements, as in the 
 case mentioned in the next section. For ei 5^ p-q, where we should 
 expect eav di pr), see II. 906 a ; G. 1417. 
 
 72. — €ir€iST] . . . -ir6\€|i.os. The idea is that delay is much more 
 valuable in dealing with an individual, subject to mortal accidents, 
 than in dealing with a permanent, well-organized {(rwea-TQffa) state. 
 
 — ov8€ — ov8'. See § 28, note. — tovt* , this particular measure for 
 gaining time. — al . . . IliKo-n6vvr\(rov : so. (ixp';<'"''ot fjivovro. For the 
 position of the attributive phrase, Trept ttj^ n., see IV, 17, second 
 note ; for the historical fact, I. 42. — as . . . ir€piiqX0o|ji€v. The rela- 
 tive has TTpecr^eiai and KaTTjyopiai as its antecedents, wepiipxeo'dai 
 irpecr^das is a regular illustration of the cognate accusative ; and 
 though there are no exact analogies for irepUpxecrOai Kar-nyoplas, yet 
 the combination wepUpxecdai. wpecrlSelas Kal KaTrjyopias does not seem a 
 harsh one. The nouns may, in fact, be regarded as forming a hen- 
 diadys, the meaning being, accusatory embassies. — IIoXveuKTos — 
 'H-yriornnros : two adherents of the party of Demosthenes. cKetvoal is 
 used in pointing at a person present. — Kal tiroiTJo-aixev. In English 
 we supply a relative : and by which we brought it about. Cf. IV, 35, 
 ex«, note. — e-irwrxciv, Cf. IV, 1, eVto-xwi', note. 
 
 73. — Xe'-yco, / propose. L. & S. \^7a; (c), 6. — avrovs vnr€p avTwv. 
 Cf. IV, 24, aura Kdd' avra, note. — tois |Ji€v . . . iroieiv. I. 40. — avrovs 
 irapao-K€vd^ea-6ai : like aurol irapaffKevai^opevoc, § 70. 
 
 74. — Xa\Ki8£as — Me-yaptas. Chalkis and Megara were in alliance 
 with Athens. I. 40, 41. — rd TrpdYiJ-ara, trouble. — d-yairiiTov (sc.
 
 98 NOTES. 
 
 iKduoLs effrl), they are content. — tovto to -ycpas : i.e., the noble task 
 of protecting Greece. 
 
 75. — o PovXerai, what he likes, instead of his duty. — ovSt \ki] t.-o0' 
 evpT]. See IV, 44, oiidiiroT . . . oedvrwv, note. — SeSoiKa birws (itj. H. 
 887 a ; G. 1379 ; M. 370. — irdve' tijia, everything at once. Of. VI, 6, 
 TravTwi/ Ofxaitos ; IX, 69, TrdvT dvdpa e^rjs.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 THE text of the Third Philippic exists in two different 
 forms, of which tlie one contains a number of passages 
 of considerable length which are omitted in the other. The 
 shorter form is that of the manuscripts called S and L, which 
 are preserved respectively at Paris and Florence, and are 
 generally considered the best ; the other and longer form is 
 that of the other manuscripts. Opinions vary widely as to 
 the origin of these differences, some scholars holding all or 
 part of the passages in question to be genuine and to hav(! 
 been onlj- accidental!}' omitted from 2 and L, others regard- 
 ing them as pseudo-Demosthenic interpolations in the inferior 
 manuscripts ; while still another view, perhaps the most prob- 
 able, is that the}' are from the hand of Demosthenes, but were 
 omitted by him in the final recension of the oration. The 
 text of this edition, being based upon that of 2, gives the 
 Ijriefer form. The principal additions contained in the vul- 
 gate are the following : — 
 
 1 . Following § 5 : 
 
 Et jxev ovv ttTravTcs M[xoXoyovfxe.v ^[XiTnTov Trj Tro/Vet TroAeyoietv 
 Kttt Tr/v elpyjvqv Trapa/^atVeti', ouSei' oAAo e'Sei tov irapiovTa Aeyetv 
 Kol crvfji/SovXeveLV y otto)? dcr^aAeVTaTa /cat pacrra avrbv dfjivvuv- 
 fJieOa' €7reto^ oe ovtw? UTOTrais (viol oiaKeii'TttC wcrre TroAets kutu- 
 Xafi/SavovTOS eKeivov /cat ttoAAo, rcot' vfjueTcpatv Iyoi'tos kol Trdiras 
 dvOpoiTTOv; doiKovvTOS dvej^ecr^at rivwv Iv rais iKKXrjirtais AeyovTtov 
 TToAAaKts OJS ij/xwy tii/€S ela-LV ol TrotovvTe? tw TTuX-epiuv, aviiyKij 
 
 99
 
 100 APPENDIX. 
 
 <j)vXa.TT€cr6ai kol ^LopOovcrdai irepi tovtov ■ ecm yaf} oeos fJirj iroO 
 ws djxuvovjXiOa y/jdi//as rts kul (rvfJi/SovXevaas eis rrjv ultluv e/x,7rctr/y 
 Tov TreTTULfjKevai tov iroXifxov. eyo) o^ tovto TvptjiTOV aTraj^Twi/ 
 Acyw Kat SiopL^v/xaL, el i(f> rjfjuv tcrrt to jSovXevecrOai 7re/3i Toi) 
 iroTepov eiprjvTjv ayetr t) TvoXefXtiv Sci. 
 
 2. At the end of § 32, after irip-Tru : 
 
 Kvpiw; Se IliiXai;/ Kat roij/ €7ri tovs 'EAA'jyvas irapoSoiV ia-Ti, kuI 
 (fipuvpat<i Koi f evots tows tottous tovtov<; kutc^^ci ; e^ei 0£ kuI Tryi' 
 TrpofxavTuav tov Oeov, Trapiixras '»//Aas /cat ©CTTaAov? Kai Acopieas 
 Kat Tous oAAous AfjLfjitKTVOva's, rj'S ovok TOts EAAiyo"tv airacTL p.i- 
 
 recTTLV ; 
 
 3. At the end of § 41, after dKpoVoAti/ : 
 
 ov)(^ Lva avTOi<s tj )(p-^a-LiJia (kui yap dveu towtcov twv ypafx-pnx' 
 ruiv ra Seovra icjipovovv), dAA' iV w/Aets ^XV"^ VTrofiv^fiaTa kol 
 TrapaSetyfjiaTa ws inrep twv toiovtojv cnrov8d^e.LV irpocrrjKu. tl ovv 
 Aeyet to, ypdp.p.aTa ; 
 
 4. In § 46, after ttws : 
 
 t(rT€ avToi- Tt yap Set Trept ttcivtwv v/xCjv KarrfyopeTv ; irapa- 
 TrXiyo'tws Se Kat ovSkv (HXtlov vp.Cyv koI d7ravTe<s ol Xolttol "TEiXXqves- 
 StOTTtp cftrj/xl I'ywye Kat o-ttodS^s 7roXXrj<; koX ^ouX^s dya^Tj^ Ta 
 TTttpovTa Trpdy/xaTa TrpocroeLcrOat • tivos ; 
 
 5. At the end of § 58, after aw^ea-Oai : 
 
 Tore jj-kv Trifjuj/as tous /act' EvpuAop^ou ^tVous, 7rdA.ti/ 8e rows 
 jiACTO. Xlap/Aevtcovos. 
 
 6. In § 71, after -n-pia-fSeLs : 
 
 iravTaxot (^TravTa)(ov^ , et? IleAoTrovi'T^croi', ets Pooor, els Xtov, 
 ws fiaa-iXea Xeyw (ouSe yap Twr eKeLVio crvix(f)epovT<av a^e<TTyjKe 
 TO /A^ roirroi' lajtrat, iroivTa KaraiTTpeij/atrOaL^ ,
 
 ANNOUNCEMENTS
 
 COLLEGE SERIES OF 
 GREEK AUTHORS 
 
 Prepared under the supervision of John Williams White, Thomas D. 
 Seymour, and Charles Burton Gulick 
 
 Books edited for college classes, with scholarly introductions, commentaries, 
 notes at the foot of each page, and vocabularies 
 
 iEschines against Ctesiphon (Richardson) ?i-40 
 
 yEschylus : Prometheus Bound (Wecklein and Allen) .... 1.40 
 
 Aristophanes: Clouds (Humphreys) 1.40 
 
 Euripides: Bacchantes (Beckwith) 1.25 
 
 Euripides: Hippolytus (Harry) 140 
 
 Euripides: Iphigenia among the Taurians (Flagg) 1.40 
 
 Greek Dialects, Introduction to the Study of (Buck) 2.75 
 
 Homer: Iliad, Books I-III (Seymour) 1.40 
 
 Homer: Iliad, Books IV-VI (Seymour) 1.40 
 
 Homer: Iliad, Books XIX-XXIV (Clapp) 1-75 
 
 Homer: Odyssey, Books I-IV (Perrin) 140 
 
 Homer: Odyssey, Books V-VIII (Perrin) 140 
 
 Homer, Introduction to Language and Verse of (Seymour) . . .75 
 
 Lucian: Selected Writings (Allinson) 140 
 
 Lysias: Eight Orations (Morgan) 140 
 
 Menander: Four Plays (Capps) 2.50 
 
 Pausanias : Attica (Carroll) i-^S 
 
 Plato : Apology of Socrates, and Crito (Dyer and Seymour) . . 1.50 
 
 Plato: Gorgias (Lodge) '-^S 
 
 Plato : Protagoras (Towle) ^-^5 
 
 Septuagint, Selections (Conybeare and Stock) 1-65 
 
 Sophocles: Antigone (D'Ooge) '40 
 
 Thucydides: Book I (Morris) i-6s 
 
 Thucydides : Book III (Smith) i-^S 
 
 Thucydides: Book V (Fowler) 1-40 
 
 Thucydides: Book VI (Smith) ^-5° 
 
 Thucydides: Book VII (Smith) 140 
 
 Xenophon : Hellenica, Books I-IV (Manatt) 1-65 
 
 Xenophon : Hellenica, Books V-VII (Bennett) 14° 
 
 Xenophon: Memorabilia (Smith) '4° 
 
 Tex^ editions of any of the above voluvies, 40 cents each 
 
 7.3 
 
 GINN AND COMPANY Publishers
 
 THE 
 ESSENTIALS OF LATIN SYNTAX 
 
 By Charles Christoi'Uer Mierow, Instructor in Classics 
 in Princeton University 
 
 i2mo, cloth, 98 pages, 90 cents 
 
 The first part of this book aims to present very clearly and concisely 
 the essential facts of Latin syntax in compact and orderly form, and 
 every construction named is so treated that its relation to Latin gram- 
 mar in general is immediately apparent. 
 
 Each grammatical principle is illustrated by one simple and perti- 
 nent English example with its Latin equivalent, and with each instance 
 there are references to the grammars of Allen and Greenough, West, 
 and Bennett. 
 
 The second part consists of two sets of exercises for Latin writing, 
 the one derived from Caesar and the other from Livy ; and each sepa- 
 rate exercise, while based on some particular continuous portion of the 
 text, illustrates at the same time some definite set of grammatical con- 
 structions already explained in the first part of the book. 
 
 As a review of grammar, "Essentials of Latin Syntax" is particu- 
 larly useful in presenting the chief principles of syntax in simple tabu- 
 lar form. The Noun, the Pronoun, and the Verb are treated separately. 
 A full index renders it an easy matter to refer to any construction. 
 
 THE 
 ESSENTIALS OF GREEK SYNTAX 
 
 By Charles Christopher Mierow, Insti-uctor in Classics 
 in Princeton University 
 
 I2mo, cloth, 165 pages, $1.25 
 
 Part First consists of an outline of Greek syntax as an organized 
 whole. The various constructions are arranged in simple tabular form, 
 and each separate grammatical principle is illustrated by an English 
 example with its equivalent in Greek. References to four Greek gram- 
 mars are given in every case. In the treatment of the verb, especial 
 attention is paid to conditional and relative conditional sentences and 
 to indirect discourse. 
 
 Part Second consists of two groups of exercises for translation into 
 Greek, each group containing four separate sets of exercises. The 
 first group is intended for advanced classes in preparatory schools 
 and is based on the Anabasis ; the second, consisting of exercises to 
 accompany Lysias and Plato's Apology, is designed for use with 
 college freshmen. 
 
 The book contains very complete English and Greek indexes to 
 facilitate reference to any construction. 
 
 79 
 
 GINN AND COMPANY Publishers
 
 GOODWIN'S GREEK GRAMMAR 
 
 By WILLIAM W. GOODWIN, 
 Emeritus Professor of Greek Literature in Harvard University 
 
 Revised and enlarged edition, i2mo, half morocco, xxxvi + 451 pages. Si. 50 
 
 THERE is but one opinion touching Professor Good- 
 win's *' Greek Grammar " : it is superior to any other 
 in point of accurate scholarship, completeness, and 
 readiness of reference. 
 
 The relative degrees of prominence that should be given 
 to the various aspects of grammar have been carefully con- 
 sidered, and the book will be found in accord with the 
 soundest ideas on this subject. 
 
 It represents the latest and most authoritative information 
 in Greek grammatical forms and constructions. The syntax 
 of the moods is based on the author's larger volume on the 
 Greek moods and tenses. 
 
 The work is used and recommended by the prominent 
 universities and colleges in this country and by many of the 
 great public schools of Great Britain. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR 
 
 SYNTAX OF THE MOODS AND TENSES 
 OF THE GREEK VERB 
 
 I 
 
 Rewritten and enlarged, 8vo, cloth, 
 xxxii + 464 pages, ;$2.oo 
 
 T is generally acknowledged that this work of Professor 
 Goodwin's is indispensable to all students and teachers 
 of Greek. 
 
 GINN & COMPANY Publishers
 
 GREEK TEXTBOOKS 
 
 Allen : Medea of Euripides (Revised by Moore) Ji.oo 
 
 Collar and Daniell : Beginner's Greek Composition 90 
 
 College Series of Greek Authors (see circulars for details) 
 
 Flagg: Seven against Thebes of yEschylus i.oo 
 
 Goodwin : Greek Grammar (Revised and Enlarged Edition) 1.50 
 
 Goodwin: Greek Reader 1.50 
 
 Goodwin : Syntax of the Moods and Tenses of the Greek Verb (Rewritten 
 
 and Enlarged) 2.00 
 
 Goodwin and White : New Anabasis, with Illustrated Vocabulary . . . 1.50 
 Goodwin and White : Selections from Xenophon and Herodotus . . . 1.50 
 Greek (and Latin) School Classics Series (see circulars for details) 
 
 Bain : Odyssey, Book VI 35 
 
 Bain: Odyssey, Book VII 40 
 
 Gleason : Gate to the Anabasis 40 
 
 Minckwitz: Odyssey, Book XII 35 
 
 Rolfe : Anabasis, Book V 40 
 
 Sewall : Timon of Lucian 50 
 
 Hayley: Alcestis of Euripides 1.50 
 
 Higley : Exercises in Greek Composi! inn i.oo 
 
 Hogue : Irregular Verbs of Attic Prose 1.50 
 
 Jebb : Introduction to Homer 1.13 
 
 Kerr: Bacchae of Euripides i.oo 
 
 Menander : Four Plays of (Capps) 2.50 
 
 Mierow : Essentials of Greek Syntax 1.25 
 
 Nicolson : Plutus of Aristophanes 80 
 
 Parsons : Cebes' Tablet 75 
 
 Perrin and Seymour : School Odyssey 
 
 Books I-IV, with Vocabulary 1.25 
 
 Books I-VI, IX-XII, with Vocabulary ........... 1.50 
 
 Seymour : .School Iliad (Revised Edition) 
 
 Books I-1 1 1, with Vocabulary r.25 
 
 Books I-VI, with Vocabulary 1.60 
 
 Seymour: Selected Odes of Pindar 1.40 
 
 Sidgwick : Greek Prose Composition . 1.50 
 
 Tarbell: Philippics of Demosthenes ; ). . i.oo 
 
 Tyler : Selections from Greek Lyric Poets (Revised Edition) . . .^ . i.oo 
 
 White : Beginner's Greek Book 1.50 
 
 White: First Greek Book 1.25 
 
 White : First Lessons in Greek 1.20 
 
 White: Oedipus Tyrannus of Sophocles l\ ■ • •/'■)■ • '*'^ 
 
 White and Morgan : Anabasis Dictionarj' .>i, . / ■ • • 1-25 
 
 Whiton: Orations of Lysias \ i.oo 
 
 GINN AND COMPANY Publishers
 
 I iL2<rs for-i iiirri lii 
 
 m 
 
 
 .V^ 
 
 CO 
 
 so 
 
 
 so 
 
 V3WV^ 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 Los Angeles 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 Nu ^nu^^ 
 
 aPDO.«1986 
 
 E REimlWALS 
 
 ItL OC'l X d iiJH 
 
 ^ 
 
 C5 
 
 4-0 
 
 .,?? 
 
 
 
 
 , as 
 
 
 -5^ll!BRARYQ^ ^IIIBRARYQ^ 
 
 aWEUNIVERV/;
 
 ^TilJONVSOl^ 
 
 Li-. 
 
 158 01057 
 
 940 
 
 < 
 
 33 
 
 .^MEUNIVERX^A 
 
 ^lOSANCElfX^ 
 
 ^OFCAIIFO% ^OFCAllFOff^ 
 
 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 
 
 ^j:?i3onvsoi^ '^AiijAiNn-iwv''' aa 0004506O6 9 
 
 ^lUBRARYO/- 
 
 -5^ll!BRARYQ^^ 
 
 ^A 
 
 ^AWEUNIVERVa 
 
 I- -^ 
 
 ^lOSANCElfXvi, 
 
 ^«!/0JnV3JO^ ^OdlWDJO^ <rii33NVS01^ "^ilBAiNn-IWV 
 
 ^OFCAllFOMl^ 
 
 ^OFCAtlFO/?^ 
 
 ^ L 
 
 '^ 
 
 >&Aavaaii-^^ ^^Anvaaiii'^ 
 
 ^^WE•UNIVER%: 
 
 
 ^lOSANCElfx^ 
 
 o , 
 
 so 
 
 >• 
 
 so 
 
 ,^WE•UNIVER% 
 
 Q 
 
 %a3AIN(l-3WV 
 
 ^l-lIBRARYOc^ ^IIIBRARYQ^ 
 
 5? 
 
 %OJI1V3JO^ '^<!/0JllV>JO>' 
 
 AWEUNIVERS'/a 
 
 9 
 
 ^lOSANCElfXx 
 
 <ri]30NVS01^ %a3AINn-3l\V 
 
 ^OFCAIIFO% 
 
 ^•OFCALIFOff^ 
 
 -> V f _ f >. 
 
 ^« 
 
 r< 
 
 >&Aavaaii-^'^^ ^^AHvyHii-^s^ 
 
 ^lllBRARY<3^ ,.«>^IIIBRARY<?A^ 
 
 .\WEUNIVER% 
 
 m i WH i i^ 
 
 vvlOSANCElfx, 
 .0^ 
 
 a 
 
 5? ^ 
 
 CD