Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/coloradohandbookOOtandrich Colorado Hand- Book AN ALPHABETICAL TREATISE OF Towns *-H|iNi> Mines Scenery, Agriculture Business Resources Co mpliments of -^^^jk^ The Passenger Department of the ^S^^ Denver & Rio Grande Railroad LANDS AND WATER RIGHTS ON EIGHTEEN YEARS' TIME AT FIVE PER CENT. INTEREST, IN THE GREAT SAN ; LUIS VALLEY, AMER- ICA'S GREATEST WHEAT COUNTRY.^ Shipping wheat out of the San Luis Valley. Theillamosa Land and Canal C^ss WRITE TO ... A/i^^B^cmr, Secretary. ALAnoSA, COLO. *' Behold, gentlemen, my wealthiest, most promising daughter, Colorado. Take her! She is yours. Study her nature and qualities. Treat her kindly and she will re- pay you with long life, much joy and abundant riches. ' ' AN ENCYCLOPAEDIC TREATISE ON COLORADO TOWNS, SCENERY, INDUSTRIAL RESOURCES, ETC. CONSERVATIVELY TOLD lU^ A- Compiled by FRANCIS D! Tandy for the Publishers THE CARSON-f/XkPER CO. At the sign of the Golden Griffin in Denver Copyright 1899 All Rights Reserved COLORADO HAND BOOK il^'^'^ A Bancroft Librisry Agricultural College, at Fort Collins, Rev. B. O. Ayles- worth, Pres't— Supported by the federal and state gov- ernments. Income '98, $65,500. No. of students '98, males 234, females 83. Tuition free to residents of the state. [• Experiment stations are conducted in connection with the [U. college at Fort Collins, Rocky Ford and Cheyenne Wells. 9 Full particulars on application to the president. Agrlculture-The demand of the miners and diflBiculties of r transportation in eai'ly days soon led to the establishment of agriculture. The dryness of the climate made irrigation imperative and caused more scientific methods of farming to be followed than is usually found in the Middle States; Science and industry have so triumphed over unfavorable conditions, that now the agricultural product of the state almost exceeds the output of its mines. The main agricul- tural area is along the Platte and Arkansas rivers, the San 3 Luis valley and on the western slope. The soil, in general, -^ is a sandy loam, varied in some districts by clay, adobe and other constituents. It is responsive in a very high degree ^ wherever water can be applied to it. Through the applica- tion of water it is constantly receiving additions to the 3. elements needed to support vegetation. The principal agri- ' cultural products and their value in 1898 were: Com and grain, $5,300,000; melons and fruit, $5,500,000; alfalfa and grasses, $7,000,000; potatoes and vegetables, $4,500,000; ^ grasses, $7,000,000; potatoes and vegetables, $4,500,000; dai- ? ry, poultry and bee products, $6,250,000; live stock, $14,- i 800,000, making a total of $43,350,000. The total area of the ^ state is 66,000,000 acres, of which 4,500,00 acres are now "^ under irrigation ditches and only 2,00,000 are under culti- ^ vation. There are 30,000,000 acres of grazing land, 6,000,- > 000 acres of wooded land, 6,000,000 acres of forest land, ^ and about 8,000,000 acres of arable land which is suscepti- ^ ble of irrigation. See also Irrigation, Stock Raising, Dairy, Poultry and under the name of each product. Read also Reports of State Board of Agriculture and Bulletins of State Agrilcultural College. LEYNER AIR COMPRESSORS ARE CHARACTERIZED BY Improved Designs Superior Workmanship Minimum Clearance Maximum Strength Perfect Inter-Cooling Highest Efficiency Greatest Economy Tbcy arc Especially Adapted to mine Ulork in High ilUitudcs MANUFACTURED AND S^tD BY J. GEO. LEYNER, Denver, Colo. Ulorks: 36tb Stmt (corner Ulazee) City Office:— Albany Hotel Building EDW. P. ALUS COMPANY Milwaukee ....SOLE AGENTS COLORADO HAND BOOK 7 Aguilar, Las Animas Co., on Colo. & So. Ry. Trinidad 23 ni. Pop. 900. Alt. 6,588. Coal mining and farming. Air Compressors-A Denver manufacturer of mining ma- chinery early recognized the rarity of the atmosphere in the higher altitudes as an important element in the prob- lem of air compression, and proportioned his compressors so as to obtain a high efficiency for them in high altitude work. The ability of his machines to sustain a high alti- tude rating has enabled his house to command a large trade in all western mining states, and Denver will manufacture not less than a hundred air compressors during 1899. Akron, county seat of Washington Co., on B. & M. R. R. Denver 112 m. Fare $4.50. Pop. 500. Farming. Alamosa, Conejos Co., is the center of the San Luis Valley, on the D. &. R. G. R. R. Alt. 7,546 ft. Denver 300 m. Fare $11.15. It is a flourishing town in a rich agri- cultural district; also large milling centre. 3,000 artesian wells in the vicinity. Good trout fishing and duck and goose shooting spring and fall. The climate is mild and equable and beneficial to pulmonary diseases. Opera with 300 seats. Alfalfa, known elsewhere as Merdick or Lucerne, is the principal forage crop of the state. The value of this crop in 1898 was $5,000,000. It produces three good crops per year and is sometimes cut oftener than this. Its roots are sometimes 8 feet long and its usual length of life is about 8 years, though it has sometimes been known to live for 50 years. It does well under irrigation. See Bulletin No. 35, Agricultural Experiment Station of Colorado. Alma, Park Co., on the Platte river. Splendid scenery. On the Colo. & So. Ry. 120 m. from Denver. Pop. 500. Alt. 10,300 ft. Fine climate, especially in summer. Good hotels, $1.50 to $3 per day. Good churches and schools. Alpine, Chaffee Co. 149 m. from Denver on Colo. & So. Ry. Alt. 11,500 ft. From Alpine Pass, 13 miles further west, a superb view of the Uncompahgre range, 150 miles away, and of the Wahsatch Mtns. in Utah, is to be seen. Altman, El Paso Co., 2% m. from Cripple Creek on F. & C. C. R. R., at the top of Bull Hill, has many rich gold mines. Pop. 1,200. 8 COLORADO HAND BOOK Animas Canon, on the D. & R. G. R. R., is one of the most picturesque gorges in the Rocky Mtns. For a dozen miles N. of Durango the railroad passes through a fertile valley. Soon the valley becomes more contracted and broken. The train passes along a narrow road-bed cut in the side of the cliffs. The river flows hundreds of feet below, while the cliffs, capped with pine and sycamores, rise thousands of feet above. Animas Canon, D.& R.G. R. R Animas Citv, La Plata Co., 3 miles from Durango. Pop. 200. Mining. Antlers, Garfield Co., on the D. & R. G. R. R. Alt. 5,300 ft. Denver 389 m., fare $11.00. Good scenery. Antonito, Conejos Co., in the San Luis Valley, on the D. & R. G. R. R., 279 m. S. W. of Denver, fare $12.75. Round trip summer rate, $20.55. Alt. 7,888 ft. Pop. 500. Good hotel, $2.00 per day. . Good trout fishing and duck and rabbit shooting in spring and fall. Apis liapa, Las Animas Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., the center of the coal fields and stock raising district. Denver 189 M., fare $7.35. Alt. 6,159 ft. Apple Culture is assuming big proportions. Colorado apples are superseding those from California in the eastern markets on account of superior quality. From 125 to 150 cars were shipped from Delta county alone in 1898. The orchards lie principally along the Gunnison river and all COLORADO HAND BOOK 9 along the Western slope. Over 81,000 acres are now planted. Montrose, Delta, Mesa, Fremont and La Plata are special apple producing counties. Arapahoe County runs east from Denver to the Kansas line. Denver is the county seat. Valuation, $69,299,542. Principal resources are manufacturing, market garden- ing, dairying, fruit growing and agriculture in general. It contains 360,000 acres of agricultural and 857,000 acres of grazing land and 3,000 acres of coal fields. See also Denver. ARTESIAN Well At Alamosa, Colo. It' is 932 feet deep, flows 600 g^al- lons per minute, and cost, including the casing, $2,700 Colorado Apple Tree Arapahoe Peak (13,520 ft.), in the Front range, Boulder Co., is plainly seen from Denver. Its horizontal summit, 10 COLORADO HAND BOOK with a point of rock at each extremity, is easily recog- nizable. Archuleta County is in the S. W. part of the state. Pagosa Springs is the county seat. The assessed valu- ation is $426,591. It contains 16,000 acres of agricultural and 101,000 acres of grazing land. Its principal indus- tries are sheep and cattle raising. Argo Arapahoe Co., on Colo. Southern and B. & M. R. R's., 2 m. N. of Denver. Pop. 500. Alt. 5,200 ft. Location of Boston and Colorado Smelter. Arkansas Valley is perhaps the most fertile part of the state. It runs E. from Canon City to the state line, a distance of 200 miles. The altitude is from 5,300 ft. to 3,500 ft. There are now 646,000 acres under irrigation, and this figure will be increased to fully 1,000,000 acres during the next three years. One thousand miles of irri- gating canals now exist. There are 364,000 acres now^ under cultivation. The fruit is of exceptionally fine flavor and quality and is being shipped to the East and to England. Melons are grown in abundance and all agricultural products flourish. Petroleum is found at Florence, gold around Canon City, while Pueblo is justly considered the Pittsburg of the West. A manufacturing center. See also Grand Canon of the Arkansas. Around the Circle— See Circle trip. Art— Much good w^ork is being done by the Artists' Club of Denver and the Colorado Art Club. School-room decora- tion is being fostered by these clubs and by the AVomen's Clubs. The State Supt. of Public Instruction has issued a valuable pamphlet on "School-Room Decoration" which may be had on application. Artesian Wells are found in quantities in the "Denver basin" along the Platte and more particularly in the "Sa,n Luis basin." In the former case the wells are about 600 ft. deep, in the latter they vary from 45 ft. to 900 ft., though a large number are between 100 ft. and 200 ft. deep. The temperature of the water increases about 1 degree for every 34 ft. increase in depth. The pressure and the min- eral properties of the Avater also increase with the depth. The water is excellent for domestic and manufacturing purposes and is used extensively for irrigation in the San IjUjs basin. See also mineral springs. COLORADO HAND BOOK 11 See Bulletin No. 16, Agricultural Experiment Station of Colorado. See, also, Mineral Springs. Arvada, Jefferson Co., on Colo. & So. Ry., 8 m. W. of Denver. Pop. 200. Alt. 5,300. Aspen, county seat of Pitkin Co., on the D. & R. G. R. R. and C. Md. Ry., 285 m. W. of Denver, fare $12, summer round trip $18. Alt. 7,875 ft. Pop. 5,000. Surrounded on all sides by lofty mountains rich in silver. Trout, duck, elk, deer and small game are found in vicinity. It has electric lights, good water, an opera house with 740 seats, good hotels, $2.50 to $3 per day, fine scenery and delightful climate. Many paying mines are worked in the mountains near. Assayers' Supplies to the value of $143,000 were manu- factured in Denver in 1898. Audubon Peak (13,173 ft.). Front range, Boulder Co., midway between Long's and Arapahoe peaks. Visible from Denver. THE Subscribed Capita I.' $5,000,000 Assets $1,188,000 FIDELITY SAVINGS ASSOCIATION OF DENVER A zMoney-Saving and Home-Building Association Money Loaned for Building Homes PaVS 4 ^^ ^ P^^ cent, on Deposit == Accounts. ^ Literature and Plan mailed upon request. ^ It pays to look into it,^ ^ ^ ^ S ^ ^ ^ omccs: 825 16th St, E. M. Johnson, Manag:cr Largest Savings t^ssociation tn the Rocky (Mountain Region COLORADO HAND BOOK 13 B Baca County is in the extreme S. E. part of the state. The county seat is Springfield. The assessed valuation is $252,410. It contains 277,000 acres of grazing land and is principally devoted to stock raising. Baggage— 150 lbs. is allowed on full ticket, 75 lbs. on half ticket. Excess rate per 100 lbs., 12 per cent, of first class fare. No piece to weigh more than 250 pounds. Bicycles, camping outfits and guns are usually carried as baggage. On stages the allowance is from 30 to 50 lbs. Banks— Colorado has 43 national and 23 state and private banks, with a total capital of $6,397,400, surplus over $3,- 000,000. The banks, though less numerous than before 1893, are conducted on a much more conservative and sounder basis. They are stronger than ever before and are steadily growing in importance. Bare Hills, Fremont Co. Daily stage from Canon City, 22 m. away. Pop. 200. Gold mining. Barley Crop for 1898 was 12,000,000 lbs. This was all used in the local breweries and the demand for it is in- creasing steadily. Barr Arapahoe Co., on B. & M. R. R. R. Denver 17 m., fare 70c. Pop. 100. Agriculture. Basalt, Eagle Co. Division point on C. Md. Ry. Denver 272 m. Alt. 6,600 ft. Pop. 600. Railroad shops, etc. Bear Creek Canon is one of the most beautiful places near Denver. Morrison, at the mouth of the canon, is only 16 miles from Denver on the Colo. & So. Ry. The drive up from Morrison to Evergreen, ten miles up the canon, is noted for its fine mountain scenery. There are many ranches where board may be had in the summer. The canon is a favorite place for camping out, being both se- cluded and within easy reach of Denver. At Morrison there are stone and lime quarries and at the head of the stream there are some rich gold properties. See also Morrison and Evergreen. Beer manufacture in 1898 was about 200,000 gallons. Bees— The alfalfa grown in all sections of the state af- fords the best possible pasture for bees. The honey from this source is clean, white and solid. About 700,000 lbs. of 14 COLORADO HAND BOOK honey of a value of $30,000 weie produced in 1898. The Colorado Bee Keepers' Ass'n. is doing much to develop this industry, which promises to become of very great im- portance in the state. Read also McCook Honey Ants of the Garden of the Gods. Beet Sugar— See sugar beets. Bent County is in the S. E. part of the state in the Ar- kansas Valley. The county seat is Las Animas. The assessed valuation is $899,819. It contains 35,000 acres of agricultural and 83,000 acres of grazing land. It has over 100 miles of irrigating canals. About 300,000 bushels of wheat and oats and 50,000 tons of alfalfa were harvested in 1898. The fruit crop amounted to upwards of $20,000. Upwards of 60,000 head of cattle and sheep graze in the county. Berthoud, Larimer Co., on Colo. & So. Ry. Denver 54 m. Alt. 4,700 ft. Pop. 900. Center of a prosperous farm- ing district. Roller mills and elevator. Bibliography —See Literature. Bicycles— There are more bicycles sold in Denver per capita than in any other city in the U. S. There are about 45,000 in the city. Value of those made in Denver in 1898, $75.(X)0. Other cities of the state make a proportionately good shoAving. Repair shops are to be found in nearly all towns. Bicycling is possible the year round. Tlie roads are re- markably free from mud in winter and from sand in sum- mer. All along the east of the foothills are beautiful rides. 'The bicyclists have built a cycle path over 50 miles long from Denver to Palmer Lake by private subscription. This runs along beside an irrigating canal and is a beautiful, shady ride in summer. Many of the mountain roads are accessible to the robust rider who is not afraid of a steep climb. Bicycles are carried free of charge as baggage on all rail- roads. The papers publish a bulletin of the condition of the roads every Sunday morning in the summer. There are fine wheel clubs and racing tracks in Denver, Colorado Springs and many other cities. Birds— 360 species are known in Colorado, of which 280 breed in the state. This number is exceeded by only one state in the Union. Of game birds, ducks, geese, grouse and quail abound. See also Game; hunting. Read also COLORADO HAND BOOK 15 Cooke, W. W., "Bird Migration in the Mississippi Valley" and "Birds of Colorado." Black Canon — the Grand Gorge of the Gunnison, is penetrated by the D. & K. G. R. R. For many miles the track lies upon a shelf that has been blasted in the solid cliffs, which rise 2,000 ft. sheer above and so close to- gether that daj^light hardly penetrates. The noisy stream is barely seen below as the train crosses from side to side of the canon. The scenery is ever changing. Fleeting glimpses of a mighty canon, spacious ampitheaters, huge monuments of rock like the Currecanti Needle, mountain streams leaping from dizzy cliffs to limpid pool below— all these present themselves to the view in rapid succession. Chipeta Falls Black Canon of the Gunnison. Black Hawk, Gilpin Co., on Colo. & So. Rv. Denver 38 m. Alt. 8,000 ft. Pop. 1,500. Gold mining and milling. Gold discovered by John H. Gregory and Geo'. A. Jackson 0th May, 1859, and in 5 days 5 men took out $942. It is still the center of the richest gold field. Splendid scenery. Blind-See School for the Deaf and Blind. 16 COLORADO HAND BOOK Blue River Range, sometimes called Eagle River Mtns., runs parallel with the Park range through Summit Co. It ends in the western part of Park Co. Mt. Powell, 13,398 ft., Summit Co., nearest point Dillon; Red Peak, 12,382 ft., Summit Co., nearest point, Dillon; Miles Peak, 12,890 ft., Summit Co., nearest point, Dillon; Whale Peak, 13,200 ft., Park Co., nearest point, Breckenridge; Mt. Guyot, 13,565 ft., Summit Co., nearest point, Breckenridge; Mt. Hamilton, 13,800 ft.. Summit Co., nearest point, Breckenridge; Silver Heel, 13,835 ft. Park Co., nearest point, Como. Down the Blue, on the Colo. & Southern Ry. Bookkeepers are paid $60 to $100 per month; stenograph- ers $40 to $75; school teachers $70 (on the average); clerks in stores $12 to $18 per week; type setters $20; pressmen $14 to $25; bricklayers $5 per day; stone masons $4 to $5; carpenters $3 to $4; painters $2.85; teamsters $3 to $3.50; laborers $1.50 to $2.50; miners 30 to 40 cents per hour. Boulder, county seat of Boulder Co., on U. P. Ry. and Colo. & So. Ry. Denver 29 m., fare $1.20, round trip $1.60. Alt. 5,350. Pop. 6,000. Site of the State University. Surrounded by rich agricultural and mining districts. It COLORADO HAND BOOK 17 has fine homes, splendid scenery, electric lights, water works, etc. One of the handsomest and most prosperous towns in the state. The Colorado-Texas Chautauqua meets here every summer. Good accommodations $2 to $2.50 per day. Boulder County is N. W. of Arapahoe Co. Boulder is the county seat. The assessed valuation is $5,384,312. It contains 121,000 acres of agricultural and 90,000 acres of grazing land and 3,400' acres of coal fields. The mineral output for 1898 was: Gold $675,000, silver $100,000, lead $13,000, copper $7,000, mailing a total of about $800,000. Breckenridge, county seat of Summit Co., on Colo. &. So. Ry. Denver 110 m., fare $5.90. Alt. 9,600 ft. Pop. 1,500. The center of the great gold and silver belt of the U. S. The placer mines alone have produced $35,000,000 in gold. The Carter collection of stuffed animals is one of the finest in the country. The trip from Denver up Platte canon, through feouth Park, over the main range and down Mt. Baldy is enchanting. Good accommodation $2 to $3 per day. Bricks of all kinds, pressed brick, ornamental brick, paving brick, fire brick, are manufactured from the clay deposits at the eastern base of the mountains. The value of Denver's output in 1898 was $200,000. Brighton, Arapahoe Co. Denver 19 m., fare 80 cents. Alt. 4,970. Pop. 500. On U. P. R. R. Farming and dairy products. A favorite bicycle ride from Denver, on the road to Greeley. Good schools, churches, etc. Brookside, Fremont Co. Alt. 6,000 ft. Pop. 200. Coal mining. Brush, Morgan Co., on B. & M. R. R. R., 88 m. N. E. of Denver, fare $3.50. Pop. 350. Agriculture. Buena Vista (meaning beautiful view), Chaffee Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., Colo. & So. and C. Md. Rys. Denver 135 m., fare $4.50. Alt. 8,000 ft. Pop. 2,000. Site of State Re- formatory. The Arkansas Valley here widens into a park- like region, fianked by Mts. Princeton, Harvard and Yale, each over 14,000 ft. Mineral springs beneficial to skin and blood diseases within 5 m., temperature 120 degrees to 140 degrees. Ample bathing accommodations and good hotel. Trout fishing in vicinity. "Surrounded by rich agricultural 18 COLORADO HAND BOOK and mining lands. Good hotels, $2 to $3 per day. Opera house with 300 seats. Buffalo Creek, JelTerson Co., on Colo. & So. Ry., 40 m. S. W. of Denver. Alt. 6,600. Popular summer resort. Buffalo Park, Jefferson Co., on Colo. & S'n. Ry., 40 m. S. W. of Denver. Alt. 6,600. Popular summer resort in Platte canon. Well wooded and shady, springs of fine natural water, many scenic attractions, fishing, mountain climbing, etc. Good hotel, livery, and dancing pavilions. I^rge number of pretty cottages are scattered over the park, some owned and occupied by Denver people; others rented during summer months. Good railroad accommo- dations to and from Denver. Rates for summer, $1.30 for round trip commutation ticket. Building Stone-See Granite, Lava, Marble, Sandstone, Stone. Burlington, county seat of Kit Carson Co., on C, R. I. & P. R. R. Alt. 3,800. Pop. 300. Fare from Denver $6.65. Agriculture. Business Opportunities— The west is essentially the young man's country. Energetic young men with small cap- ital will find many opportunities in Colorado that are not to be found in the east. Even those without capital can often secure financial backing if they prove themselves comi)etent and industrious. Cabbage— 140 cars of cabbages, each containing 24,000 lbs., were shipped out of the state in 1898. The value of this product was over $100,000. Camping Out is a favorite mode of travel in Colorado. It is highly recommended to those who w^ould regain their health, if not too delicate. Splendid camping grounds are to be found in most of the canons and are easily accessible. Camping outfits may be purchased or rented, at reasonable rates, at almost all the towns near the mountains. Camp- ing is the favorite method of travel employed by hunters and fishers and all who still retain the nomadic instincts of the race. Read also Gordon, ^'Camping in Colorado." Canfield, Boulder Co., on the U. P. Ry. Denver 35 m. Alt. 5,000 ft. Pop. 350. Coal mining. COLORADO HAND BOOK 19 Canon— This term is applied to any narrow valley with steep sides, particularly if the sides be topped with rocky walls. Many of the canons are over 3,000 feeet deep. The walls, however, are frequently formed of debris, tipped with rock. The magnificent canons of the Arkansas, the Gunnison, the Grand and the Animas rivers are famous for the grandeur of their scenery. Las Animas canon is also celebrated among archaeologists for the remains of the clift' dwellers. Canon City, county seat of Fremont Co., on D. & K. G. and Santa Fe Rys., 101 m. S. of Denver, faie $5.75. All. 5,350 ft. Fop. 5,000. Site of State Penitentiary. It lies in the Arkansas Valley, surrounded by rich mineral deposits of all kinds. Telephones, electric lights, water works, fine water power, excellent churches and schools, good hotels, $2.50 to $3 per day, fine residences, two banks, numerous industries, opera house of 000 seats; several cold springs, one of which resembles that at A'ichy, France. Hot springs at the entrance to Royal Gorge, just outside the town, with bathing facilities and a hotel. The sheltered location gives it a mild climate, beneficial to all chest diseases. Magnifi- cent scenery. "Fruit Day" is celebrated every year; in 1899 it will be on Sept. 15 and 10. Has zinc and lead smelter, electric power plant furnishing power for Cripple Creek mines. Dawson, the new mining camp, is 7 m. distant. Canon of the Grand— See Grand River, Canon of the. Canned Goods —Canning factories are operated in all parts of the state. The excellence and abundance of fruits make such industries indispensable. The value of Denver*s product alone for 1898 was $250,000. Cantaloupes-See Melons. Carbondale, (Garfield Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 283 m. W. of Denver, fare $12. Alt. 6,300 ft. Pop. 350. Agriculture and mining. Trout, deer, elk and bear are found in the vicinity. Cascade, El Paso Co., on C. Md. Ry., 86 m. S. of Denver. Alt. 7,500 ft. Pop. 100. Fine summer resort, quieter and cooler than Manitou. Splendid scenery, fine climate, excel- lent hotels, $1.50 to $3 per day. Castle Rock, county seat of Douglas Co., on D. & R. G. and Santa Fe Rys., 33 m. S. E. of Denver, fare $1.50. Alt. 6,200 ft. Pop. 350. One of the prettiest little towns in the state. It takes its name from an immense rock, w^hich 20 COLOI^ADO HAND BOOK rises nearly 1,000 feet above the valley. Good schools, ex- cellent water works, low rate of taxation, good hotel, $1.50 per day. Agriculture and stock raising and large stone quarries. Castle Rock Cattle— See Packing House, Stock Raising, Sheep. Ceboila, Gunnison Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 309 m. S. W. of Denver, fare $10.05, summer round trip $16.00. Alt. 7,350 ft. Eight mineral springs, soda and iron springs for kidnej^ and stomach troubles, hot springs (108° F.) for rheumatism, etc. Bath houses and hotel. Scenery is pic- turesque. Trout, deer, rabbits and sage hens found in vi- cinity. Celery is shipped to California, Chicago, New York, New Orleans and many other cities. Owing to the chemical con- stituents of the soil, Colorado celery is the finest in the world, and was so judged at the World's Fair. It fetches high prices in the eastern markets; 98,000 bunches, valued at $29,400, were exported in 1898. Central City Gilpin Co., on the Colo. & So. Ry. 40 m. W. of Denver, fare $1.80. Alt. 8,500 ft. Pop. 2,500. Oldest mining town in the state. Opera house, six churches, good schools, hotel, $2.50 to $3.00 per day; electric lights, tele- phones, water works, etc. Distributing point for entire county. Mines produce $3,000,000 per year. Chaffee County is in the center of the state. Buena Vista Is the county seat. The assessed valuation is $2,200,920. It contains 13,000 acres of agricultural and 58,000 acres of grazing lands. The mineral output in 1898 was: Gold^ COLORADO HAND BOOK 21 Central City, on Colo. & Southern Rv. $235,000; silver, $31,000; copper, $20,000; lead, $61,000. In agricultural products the county is also rich. The crops were: wheat, 13,000 bu.; oats, 32,000 bu., barley, 2,500 bu.; potatoes, 28,500 bu.; alfalfa and grasses, 75,000 tons; small fruits, 8,000 qts.; butter, 42,000 lbs.; and honey, 2,000 lbs. Charities— In most of the larger cities Charity Organiza- tions looli after the indigent. The State Board of Charities and Corrections has control of the state institutions. In 1898 the Denver Charity Organization expended $22,636. See also Hospitals, insane Asylum, Indust ial School Pen- itentiary, Reformatory, Crime. Chase, Park Co., on Colo. & So. By., 64 m. S. W.of Denver, Alt. 8,400 ft. Pop. 40. Splendid trout fishing in the Platte and an artificial lake. Good accommodation for summer visitors. Stock raising. Chase Quich— A mining district in Gilpin Co. Several good paying properties being worked here. Chautauqua —This movement is widespread throughout the state. Circles are formed in nearly all the towns. Ev- ery summer the Rocky Mountain Chautauquans meet at Glen Park, near Palmer Lake, where much good work is accomplished. The Texas-Colorado Chautauqua Assn. com- Seven Falls, Cheyenne Canon, near Colorado Springs COLORADO HAND BOOK 23 menced in 1898 to hold annual meetings at Boulder, the site of the State University. It will hold a six weeks' session, commencing July 4, 18U9. Good accommodation in tents and cottages. Fees for any six week course $5, for half a course $3, 3 or more courses $10. The best lecturers have been secured, including General Shafter, General Merriam, Professor David Starr Jordan and Hon. Lyman J. Gage. Cheyenne Canons— Cheyenne Canons are four miles southwest of Colorado Springs, and reached by carriage or electric railway. The rock Avails of these gorges rise per- pendicularly 1,000 to 1,500 feet. Seven Falls and the lonely grave of ''H. H.," are distinctive features of this place. The North Canon is public property. The South Canon is owned by individuals and a charge of 25 cents is made for ad- mission. "Burros" and carriages may be rented at the ter- minus of the electric road. The walk up either of the can- ons is not fatiguing to a robust person. Cheyenne Moun- tain, 9,948 ft. high, is on the S. of the South Canon. CheyenneCountyis in the E. part of the state, in the rain belt. The county seat is Cheyenne Wells. The assessed valuation is $1,046,771. It contains 587,000 acres of grazing land. Agriculture and stock raising are the principal in- dustries. Cheyenne Wells, county seat of Cheyenne Co., on Colo. & So. Ry., 177 m. E. of Denver, fare $7.10. Alt. 4,300. Pop. 400. Rainbelt branch of agricultural experiment station. Stock raising. Chicago Lakes, Idaho Springs, are the highest bodies of water on the continent. Alt. 11,600, 11,900 and 13,000 ft. Good camping ground. Chickens— See Poultry. Churches are numerous throughout the state. In the cit- ies every denomination is well represented and has fine buildings. Even in the smallest towns a comfortable place of Avorship is to be found. Denver has nearly 150 churches, many of which are fine pieces of architecture. The 3'ear 1898 is remarkable for church debt raising. Over $150,000 was paid on the principal of the indebtedness of Denver churches during the year. Cimarron, Montrose Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 331 m. S. W. of Denver, fare $11,35. Summer round trip $18.15, 24 COLORADO HAND BOOK Alt. 6,900 ft. Pop. 200. Trout, bear, elk, deer and mountain lion in vicinity. Splendid scenery. Circle Trip— The journey "Around the Circle" is on the D. & R. G. R. R. from Denver to Silverton, Silverton to Ouray and return to Denver; or via the D. & R. G. R. R, to Durango, thence over the Rio Grande Southern to Ridgway I Chippeta Fails CURRECANTI NEEDLE [ GUNNISON RIVER I ONE THOUSAND MILE CIRCLE. aoNvti 83bawno NOllVAa3S3a NVICWI and return to Denver. Piercing the heart of the Rocky Mountains, crossing and recrossing the "Great Divide" be- tween the Atlantic and Pacific slopes; penetrating five can- ons, each of which is a world's wonder, climbing 4 moun- tain passes by rail and 1 by stage; achieving grades of 211 feet to the mile; reaching heights of 11,000 feet above the COLORADO HAND BOOK 25 VfC*W***#******fXR CLEAR CREEK COUNTY | MINING RECORD 1 FOR 1898 i Gold $1,747,922 Silver 2,033,622 Lead 190.340 Copper 87.810 Total output . . $4,059,694 Mother iiu^ :..... Clear Creek Canon. Mines sold . . . Amount of sales . Recorded new locations . • . Patents issued Working: mines • Mill capacity (tons daily) . . Miners employed U*:t.*S*t*t9.*^**tJk*Jt*JfS». 93 . $1,905,000 647 212 312 600 sea; penetrating gorges whose walls soar a half mile in per- pendicular cliffs above tne track; traversing fertile and picturesque valleys; passing through Indian reservations and in sight of frontier cantonments of National troops; pausing in the midst of mining camps, makes this the most remarkable trip of 1,000 miles in the world. Clay is found in great variety along the eastern base of the mountains. It is principally used for the manufacture of bricks (plain and ornamental), tiles, sewer pipe and as- sayers' supplies. Kaolin of a fine quality is also found, making pottery a probable industry in the near future. See also Bricks. Clear Creek Canon— Commences at Golden, 16 m. W. of Denver, and extends up into the mountains above George- town. The trip on the Colo. & So. Ry. up this canon and over the famous loop is one of the most remarkable. The 26 COLORADO HAND BOOK Cliff Dwellers' Ruins, Southwestern Colorado engineering feat of the construction of the railroad appeals to the most unimaginative. The scenery is typical of the Rocky Mountains. The Chicago Lakes near Idaho Springs are the highest bodies of water on the continent. The Clear Creek gold l>elt is one of the most prosperous in the state, having produced over $4,000,000 in 1898. Clear Creek County is in the central part of the state E. of Jefferson Co. Tlie county seat is Georgetown. The as- sessed valuation is $2,122,922. It contains 255,000 acres of agricultural land. Its principal industry is mining. The value of its mineral products in 1898 was: gold, $1,700,000; silver, $2,000,000; copper, $80,000; lead, $185,000. Clear Lake, 3V2 miles from Georgetown. It contains California salmon and affords good fishing. Cliff Dwellings are found in the extreme S. W. part of the state in the Mancos Canon and the Montezuma Valley, some 20 miles S. of Mancos station. Horses, guides and equipment must be engaged at Mancos. The trip is of great interest but is expensive and difficult. Read also Haydeu Rpiiort of Geolosrieal Survpv, 18'4. i>age .*^G9: also Nordenskiold Cliff Dwellers of the Mesa Verde. COLORADO HAND ROOK 27 POHTREAINA o:4OM0. DfNVIR 9t07 HOURS Grfat Health Resorts op the World A comparison of hours of sunshine per day. Clfmate-Tlie Climate of Colorado is so different from that of nearly every other region in the world in its sunshine, its dryness, its freedom from fogs, its altitude and its small daily amount of wind that it is of great value for all of those human ailments, and they are very many, which are benefited by a climatic change. It is eminently suited to consumptives. These climatic factors have done much to increase Colorado's population, and especially of the in- telligent, cultivated and well-to-do classes. The climate varies in different locations and altitudes. People coming in search of health should be guided by a competent phy- sician in the selection of a location. See also Rain, Sun- shine, Temperature, Wind, Weather. I CHIEF CEREAL CROPS g Colorado's chief cereal crops t are- it Corn 34 per cent. t Wheat 36 per cent. S Oats "25 per cent. t Of total cereal area. MEAN TEMPERATURE I CORR C f D FOR O-i VNCSS ji Hottest part of day in— 2 July 86.3 I October 64.0 3 December . 32.3 J 28 COLORADO HAND BOOK Climate Tables— TABLE I —ANNUAL AVERAGES. £ Temperature -o *: t» it/, S Mean E g 1 .« ^ S oiJ 2 Monthly a S 3 c ^ 2 El Denver. . 5,280 24.73 50 27 73 14.4 31° 50 1.89 57 4,980 Springs^ }^'°^^ ^403 47 26 69 14.4 29° 50 1.84 57 6,663 Pueblo. .4,700 25.27 52 29 76 12.0 31° 49 2. 14 53 5,438 TABLE II.— SEASONAL AVERAGES. Mean seasonal Relative Absolute Total Nigfht temperature humidity humidity rainfall temper- percent. grs. vapor inches ature. Winter— Dec, Jan., Feb. Denver 30° 54 1.06 1.8 16° Colorado Springs . 29° 50 094 0.7 17° Pueblo 31° 57 1.16 1.4 15° Spring — Mar., Apr., May Denver 48° 49 1.88 5.8 33° Colorado Springs . 49° 46 1.81 45 32° Pueblo 51° 45 1.90 3.6 34° Summer — ^Jun., July, Aug. Denver 70° 46 3.67 45 "55° Colorado Springs . 67° 50 3.62 7.2 51° Pueblo 73° 44 3.87 5.0 56° Autumn — Sept., Oct., Nov. Denver 50° 50 2 04 23 38° Colorado Springs . 48° 54 2.05 20 34° Pueblo 52° 50 2.19 1.7 37^ COLORADO HAND BOOK COAL PRODUCTION^ 29 1880 373.000 T9M5 1666 2.165.^77 T9n§' 1695 4.000.000 T?ns. 1898, 4,174.037 TONS Climate-Read also Denison, •'Climates of the U. S.," anu "Colorado Health Resorts," Dana, "Colorado, Facts About Its Climate." Coal— Most of the park region and the country to the west are underlain with coal and salt. Coal fields cover nearly one-third of the state, beds being found in many localities. Tlie products range from lignite or brown coal to superior bituminous and anthracite, but it is mostly bituminous. While the coal of Colorado is found in the cretaceous rather . than in the carboniferous geological era, the great heat and pressure to which it has been subjected, makes it very simi- lar in quality to that of the carboniferous period found in '- AREA ^^ COAL LAND5* iLunois _. n^souRi. COLORADO...... >OWf\ M/K5/?5. ^/V V/L /' NSYiV/iliia. I TONS OF I COAL PRODUCED IN t COLORADO I In 1880 .... 463.000 In 1885 In 1890 In 1895 , In 1897 . In 1898 , 1,200.000 2.760,000 3,570,518 3,565,640 4,174.037 30 COLORADO HAND BOOK the Eastern States. In 1898 4,174,037 tons of coal valued at $7,000,000, was mined in the state. The total area of coal lands is 18,100 square miles, 8,000 square miles more than Pennsylvania. The available coal is estimated at 45,197,- 100,000 tons, enough to supply the entire world for sixty years. There were 7,425 coal miners employed in 1898. Read also Lake's ''Geology of Colorado Coal Deposits." Coal Creek, Fremont Co., on D. «& R. G. R. R., 155 m. S. of Denver, fare $5.50. Alt. 5,400 ft. Pop. 400. Hotel. Coal mining. Coke— There were 445,925 tons of coke produced in the state in 1898. Colorado City, El Paso Co., on D. & R. G. R. R. and Colo. Mid. Ry., 77 m. S. of Denver, fare $2.95.. Alt. 6,100 ft. Pop. 2,500. One of the oldest towns in the state, first settled in 1858. Was capital of Jefferson Territory and in 1862 capital of Colorado. Midw^ay between Colorado Springs and Mani- tou. Smelter, railroad shops, hotel $2.00 to $3.00 per day, theater Avith 500 seats. See also Colorado Springs, Manitou. Colorado College, Colorado Springs. William F. Slocum, Prest. Non-sectarian. Tuition $35. I^iving expenses $125 to $210. Endowment, etc., $985,000; income '98, $78,000. Library contains 25,000 vols. Full information on applica- tion to the president. Colorado flldland Railroad operates 384 m. of track from Denver to Grand Junction, with a branch of 18 m. to Aspen and another of 15 m. to Spring Gulch. Through Pullman cars from Denver to Cripple Creek. Two through trains daily the whole length of the line. Modern equip- ment and good roadbed. Over some of the most difficult mountain passes. Colorado and Southern Railway with headquarters in the Cooper Building, Denver, operates all through the state. This road was recently organized and operates the roads formerly known as U. P., D. & G. and Denver, Leadville & Gunnison, in fact, all the lines formerly belonging to the U. P. system in the state, except the Julesburg, Chej^enne and Ellis, Kan., branches. It has 1,141 miles of track and rolling stock equipped in the finest manner. Through cafe cars from Denver to Fort Worth, Tex. Colorado Springs, county seat of El Paso Co., on Colo. & So. R. and D. & R. G. R. R., 75 m. S. of Denver, fare COBURN LIBRARY. Colorado College Colorado Springs Colo. T^ME OLDEST INSTITUTION for Higher ^ Education in the Rocky Mountain Region, and abreast of the best Eastern college. Has large and able faculties, and is drawing its students from all sections of the country. For information con- cerning courses of study, college residences, library facilities, laboratories, physical culture, etc , etc , etc. Address WIUIAM F. SWCUM, President otN. B coy. Principal of the Academy, or RUBIN GOLDMARK, Director of the Conservatory of Music, or LOUIS SOUTTER, Director of the Department of Fine Arts. 32 COLORADO HANDJBOOK $2.90, round trip $4.50. Alt. 6,000 ft. Pop. 25,000. All- year-round scenic and health resort and charming residence city. Fine residences, churches and schools. Hotels $1.50 to $4.00 per day. Good camping grounds near. Two opera houses with 800 and 2,500 seats, respectively. Many beau- tiful rides and drives. Cheyenne Mountain and Canons, Garden of the Gods, Pike's Peak and many other interest- ing places within easy reach. Site of Colorado College, Deaf and Blind Institute, Childs-Drexel Printers' Home. Flower day is celebrated every summer. The surrounding country is rich in mineral and agricultural products. The mining exchange is the most important in the U. S. It is the distributing point for Cripple Creek and the entire Pike's Peak region. Read also Buckman "Colorado Springs," Gardiner & McClurg "Colorado Springs as a Health Resort." Como, Park Co., on Colo. & So. Ry., 88 m. S. W. of Denver, fare $4.55. Alt. 9,800. Pop. 500. Railroad and mining interests. Conejos, county seat of Conejos Co., 329 m. S. W. of Denver and 1 m. N. of Antonito, on the D. & R. G. R. R. Alt. 7,850 ft. Pop. 400. Conejos County is in the S. pari of the state, W. of the Rio Grande. Conejos is the county seat. The assessed valuation is $1,751,819. Agriculture and sheep raising are its principal industries, $50,000 worth of cattle were ship- ped out of the county in 1898. Wheat and oat crop amount- ed to 500,000 bushels and the hay crop was 20,000 tons. There are 255,000 acres of agricultural land in the county. Its mineral output for 1898 was $10,490. Confectionery to the value of $525,()00 was made in Den- ver in 1898. Constitution —See Government. Copper is mined near Buena Vista, Canon City and San Miguel; also at various points in Jefferson, Gilpin and Clear Creek counties. The output for 1898 was nearlj^ 11,000,000 lbs., valued at $1,000,000. Copper Rock, Boulder Co., on C. & N. W. R. R., 40 m. N. W. of Denver. Alt. 7,260 ft. Pop. 200. Mining. Cortez, county seat of Montezuma Co., 493 m. S. W. of Denver and 12 m. N. E. of Dolores, the nearest railroad point Pop. 500. Agriculture. COLORADO HAND BOOK 33 Cost of Living— See living expenses. Costilla County is in the S. of the state, E. of the Rio Grande. San Luis is the county seat. The assessed valua- tion is $1,230,545. It has 158,000 acres of agricultural and 778,000 acres of grazing land. The wheat crop in 1898 was 425,000 bushels and the hay crop was 20,000 tons. There are 5,500 cattle and 15,800 sheep in the county. Its mineral output in 1898 was $5,000. Cotopaxi, Fremont Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 193 m. S. of Denver; fare $6.00. Alt. 6,400 ft. Pop. 100. Cotton nills —Denver cotton mills produced nearly 10,- 34 COLORADO HAND BOOK 000,000 yards of cloth, valued at $365,000, and expended $125,000 in wages in 1898. Cottonwood Hot Springs, 5 m. from Buena Vista, with which it is connected by daily stages. The springs were famous among the Indians and are especially beneficial in cases of inflammatory rheumatism, lead poisoning and blood diseases. Good trout fishing and hunting. Lovely scenery. Comfortable hotel. Cottonwood Lake, 12 m. S. W. of Buena Vista, on South Cottonwood creek. Fine fishing. Good scenery. No hotel, but accommodation may be had in the cabins around. Wild small fruit grows in abundance. Cows— See dairy products, stock raising. Crackers to the value of $400,000 were manufactured in Denver in 1898. Creameries— See dairy products. Creede, county seat of Mineral Co., on the D. & R. G. R. R., 321 m. S. W. of Denver, fare $15.20. Alt. 9,000 ft. Pop. 1,200. It lies in a gulch 2 m. long and 400 ft. to 1/2 m. wide. New but prosperous mining camp. Electric lights, fire department, etc. Opera house with 400 seats. Hotel $2.00 per day. Picturesque scenery. Crested Butte, Gunnison Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 318 m. S. W. of Denver, fare $10.60. Alt. 8,875 ft. Pop. 1,000. Rich gold, silver and coal mines in vicinity. The Elk mountains afford splendid scenery. Abundance of trout, bear, elk and deer. Good churches and schools. Hotel $2.00 per day. Opera house with 250 seats. Crime is gradually diminishing throughout the state. Marked improvement has been made in late years in bring- ing persons accused of crime to a speedy trial. The insti- tution of the State Reformatory has helped to make the occasional criminal a good citizen. See also Industrial School, Home for Girls, Penitentiary, Reformatory. Cripple Creek, county seat of Teller Co., on Md. Term, and F. & C. C. Rys. and Canon City Electric Railway, 131 m. S. of Denver, fare $5.75, round trip $10.25. Alt. 9,396. Pop. 20,000. One of the most famous mining camps In the world. It has produced since 1891 over $43,000,000 in gold. The output is increasing steadily, that for '98 being over $15,700,000. Area of gold district, 40 sq. miles. Most im- portant mines, Independence, Anaconda, Anchoria-Leland, o u > THE GREATEST PROCESS ON EARTH! The New and Improved Cyanide Process Scientific Chemical five Years Success DeiD methods Mill Rights Granted and Mills Erected with Guarantee of Working Success- fully and Profit- ably. Unassailable United States Patents granted. Cheap Simple Effective Combination Treatment on each lot of ore. Higher Extraction, Shorter Time and Less Cost for Chemicals than any other process. Past Cyanide COPYRIGHT. Failures followed up by Success and Profits. Ulisipall-Trank Process Many Testimonials on file. "I have used the Dioxide-Cyanide Process in my mining operations in Nevada By its use I am enabled at a minimum cost to save 95 per cent, of the gold and 80 per cent of the silver; in chlorination all silver is lost. I am now treating by the process on an average of 70 tons daily, and by 1st of May will be treating 200 tons daily, and 1 am satisfied that it is the best chemical process heretofore sug- gested." — Capt. J. R. De Lamar, April 20, i8g6. "The addition of Dioxide of Sodium materially increases the solubility of the gold in cyanide of potassium solutions; that is, a higher extraction at a less cost for chemicals consumed when your process is used."— /Vo/. Nicolai Anderson, Ex-Chief Chemist, MacArthur-Forrest Proctss, June 6, i8g6. WE ARE CONSTANTLY IN THE MARKET FOR GOOD MINES ANO TAILING DUMPS. Write for literature with copies in full of splendid testimonial letters. Address T. L. WISWALL, Genl. Manager. TESTING WORKS AND LABORATORY SUITE NO. 833 TO 835 No. 1908 CURTIS ST. EQUITABLE BUILDING DENVCR, COLO. Many samples of ore received for testing from all sections, including Mexico, Central America and British America. COLORADO HAND BOOK 37 Elkton, Isabella, Lillie, Moon-Anchor, Pharmacist, Port- land, Raven, Union and Victor. Opera house with 800 seats. Fine hotels, $3.00 per day upwards. Crystal Lake, Jefferson Co., on Colo. & So. Ry., 43 m. S. of Denver in Platte Canon. Alt. G,900 ft. A beautiful and favorite summer resort. Good camping. Summer cot- tages at reasonable rates. Cucharas, Huerfano Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 170 m. from Denver. Alt. 5,942 ft. Pop. 200. Duck in vicinity. Culeha Rans:e is a continuation of the Sangre de Cristo Range. Culeha Peak, 14,079 ft.. Las Animas Co., nearest point, Trinidad. Trinchera, 13,611 ft.. Las Animas Co., nearest point, Trinidad. Spanish Peak, 13,718 ft.. Las Ani- mas Co., nearest point, Trinidad. Curecanti, Gunnison Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 323 m. Custer County is in the S. part of the state, E. of the from Denver. Ait. 7,075 ft. View point of Curecanti Needle. Sangre de Cristo Range. Silver Cliff is the county seat. The assessed valuation is $625,474. The mineral output in 1898 was $14,000. Gold, silver, copper, lead, nickel, iron and marble are found in abundance, but transportation is poor. The grain crop for 1898 was upwards of 70,000 bushels. About 15,000 head of cattle graze in the county. The coal fields of the county cover an area of over 8,200 acres. Cyanide process was introduced in 1890. It is now one of the most important factors in the treatment of low grade and refractory gold and silver ores. The improved dioxide cyanide process was introduced in 1895. These processes 5 CLIMATE § 5 Colorado's mean annual tem- ? g perature, at elevation beiween j| t 4.000 and 6,000 feet, is the t t same as that of Maryland and 2 g Virginia, Northern Spain, South- « g ern France, Northern Italy, 5 S Southern Turkey -in -Europe, S J Northern Japan, Central Califor- ? ]» nia on the Coast. | I CRIPPLE CREEK GOLD 38 COLORADO HAND BOOK enable low grade mines to become paying properties. Numerous cyanide mills are established in the Cripple Creek district and throughout the state. The U. S. Mint is constantly buying the output of these mills. Dairy Products -Creameries and cheese factories through- out the state have often more local orders than they can supply. There are not a sufficient number of milch cows to supply the home market with dairy products. Butter sells the year round for nearly 25 cents per pound. There are 125 creameries in the state and 60,000 milch cows, of which 40,000 furnish material for the creameries and 20,000 milk and cream for the table. The dairy product of the state for 1898 was $5,000,000. Deaf -See School for the Deaf and Blind. Death Rateof Denver is 11.55 per thousand. This includes deaths from consumption contracted elsewhere. If this item were excluded the rate would be 9.5 per 1,000, lower than in any other city of its size in the United States, if not in the world. Debt— The net indebtedness of the state is about $2,500,- 000, about $5 per capita. 5 DEBT ON REAL ESTATE 1 S EAST AND WEST S Percentage of Debt In force on all taxed real estate in proportion to value Montana. 4.78 Colorado 13.08 Utah . . 6.48 Nevada . 4.59 Idaho . . 4.29 i: *jt »ff ffffff ♦♦tftffttttf ft Average 6.64 N.Hamps. 12.12 Vermont. 22.05 Rhode Is. 11.02 New York 30.62 Pennsyl. 17.16 Average 18.73 PER CAPITA DEBT J CAST AND WEST Per capita of total debt — State, County, Municipal and School Montana $19.54 Colorado 18.67 Utah . .81 Nevada . 22.48 Idaho . . 7.05 Average $13.71 N.Hamp.$21.64 Vermont 11.39 Rhode Is. 37.75 New York 33.64 Pennsyl. 13.51 Average $27.58 S COLORADO HAND BOOK 39 De Beque, Mesa Co., on D. & R. G. and C. Mid. Rys., 351 m. VV. of Denver, fare $12.00. Alt. 4,900 ft. Pop. 250. Trout in Mesa lake 20 m. distant, deer in abundance. Agriculture. Del Norte, county seat of Rio Grande Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 281 m. S. of Denver, fare $12.90. Alt. 7,880 ft. Pop. 1,200. Situated on Rio Grande river where it emerges from the mountains. It lies between the agricultural and mining districts. Shaw's Magnetic Springs with bathing and hotel accommodations are 5 m. distant. Trout, chub and suck- ers; antelope, bear, deer, elk, grouse and quail are found close by. Electric lights, water works, etc. Splendid schools and churches. Hotel $2.00 per day. Opera house with 250 seats. Splendid scenery. Delta» county seat of Delta Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 374 m. S. W. of Denver, fare $12.50. Alt. 5,000 ft. Pop. 1,200. State Capitol Denver I LYONS & JOHNSON Real Estate and Investment Brokers BUSINESS ESTABLISHED 1882 The Care and Management of Property for Non-Residents,^,^ Improved and Unimproved Real Estate For Sale and For Rent ,^ 1025 17th Street luglt ,st. 1032 15th Street DENVER, COLO. LOANS AND TBLEPHONE^^^ FIRE INSURANCE «5i>-^ COLORADO HAND BOOK 41 Situated on the Gunnison river, surrounded by fine fruit lands. Trout, bear, deer, elk and mountain lion are found in the vicinity. Scenery, grand. Delta County is in the W. part of the state. The county seat is Delta. The assessed valuation is $1,109,055. The county contains 70,000 acres of agricultural and 32,000 acres of grazing land. It has 15,000 acres of orchards, planted with 240,000 trees. It is one of the best fruit- growing counties in the state, the fruit crop in 1898 being worth about $300,000. Over $100,000 worth of cattle were shipped out of the county in 1898. Other branches of agriculture were also successful. Denver, county seat of Arapahoe Co., capital and most important city in the state. Alt. 5,200 ft. (1 mile). Pop. 160,000. Beautifully situated on the S. Platte, 15 m. E. of the mountains, commanding a magnificent view of nearly 175 m. of mountains, including Pike's, Long's and many other noted peaks. Climate particularly serene and health- ful makes it a noted resort for pulmonary invalids. Death THE OXrOPD HOTEL, Denver OXFORD HOTEL CO. J. W. TEN EYCK C. H. MORSE H. A. TRIPLETT MANAGER -"' S! ""Iff ' MODERATE PRICES THE BROWN PALACE HOTEL ...DENVER... -■^■---•-y- r; "gj^TOiw^iftiftrr ABSOLUTELY FIREPROOF. COLORADO'S MOST FAMOUS HOSTELRY ' Located in Denver. Ten stories high; , constructed of dressed brown stone, granite, iron and steel; finished In onyx, copper and hardwood; has a frontage of 810 feet on three avenues; contains more than 400 guest chambers and is as thoroughly and harmoniously furnished as modern hotel management can conceive or execute. Has its own artesian wells, is heated throughout with steam, has fine passenger elevators, and is passed by two street car lines leading to Union Depot and principal parks and resorts. No inside rooms; magnificent mountain view. American plan, rates $3.00 to $5.00 per day; European, $1.50 per day and upward. THE BROWN HOTEL GO. COLORADO HAND BOOK 43 Tabor Grand Opera House. Denver rate 1898, 11.55 per 1,000, or, exclusive of deaths from con- sumption contracted elsewhere, 9.5 per 1,000. The streets are wide, shady and well paved. The residences and public buildings are stately, handsome and substantial. It has over 60 churches, many of which are very handsome. Four opera houses with a total seating capacity of 5,100. Public library of 75,000 vols. Excellent public and private schools and site of Denver University. The state capitol, 383 feet long and 313 ft. wide, is built of Colorado granite. The city hall, county court house, U. S. court house and post- office, high school and the new branch mint now in course of consti*uction, are worthy of attention. The Boston, Cooper, Equitable, Ernest & Cranmer and Kittredge build- ings, the Masonic Temple and the Mining Exchange are very fine oflSce buildings. Excellent water supply. Fine electric and cable car service. 7 railroads. It is the main center for all industries of the state. Value of manu- factured articles, exclusive of smelters, 1898, $21,000,000. Street Scene in Denver. Looking up Seventeenth Street from Arapahoe, showing Banl<,'Ouincy_and Ernest & CranmerlBlocl worth of coal and over 100,000 tons of coke in 1898. Agriculture is making great strides in the county, owing to the development of the irrigation system. COLORADO HAND BOOK 63 Garfield, Costilla Co., on the D. & R. G. R. R., 226 m. S. of Denver, fare $9.65. Alt. 8,000 ft. Pop. 200. Trout, antelope and deer in vicinity. Gold mining. (iaro, Park Co., on Colo. & So. Ry., 105 m. S. W. of Denver. Alt. 9,200 ft. Pop. 50. Hartzel Springs, 180° F., 8 m. S., has good bathing and hotel accommodations. Geography-Colorado lies between the 37th and 41st de- grees of latitude and the 102d and 109th degrees. of longi- tude. It measures 390 n^, from E. to W. and 270 m. from N. to S. Its area is 103,925 sq. m., and is fifth largest state in the Union. It has 3 great physical divisions. In the E. are the great plains, in the Middle the park division, in which are the loftiest summits of the Rocky mountains, and in the W. are large plateaux with lofty mountain chains. See also Climate, Forests, Mountains, Rivers, etc. Geology -The state presents almost every variety of geo- logical formation. The mountaius, once islands in a pri- meval sea, have been raised up by the crumbling of the earth's surface and by volcanic action, thus tipping the strata into oblique and vertical positions and sometimes twisting them in a peculiar manner. Erosion has exposed the formations so that they are easily examined and has carved the rocks into many curious and grotesque forms. Many of the sedimentary rocks are extremely rich In fos- sils and minerals in great variety. Many of them furnish excellent building and ornamental stone. See also Clay, Gold, Silver, Stone, etc. Read also Hayden's Report of Geological Survey 1873, '74, '75 and atlas Geolog. Survey "Monograph on Denver Basin," also ''Geology of Cripple Creek'* and "Geology of Leadville," Cannon's "Geology of Denver" and "Geology of Palmer Lake, Lake's "Geology of Colorado Ore Deposits" and "Geology of Colorado Coal Deposits." Georgetown, county seat of Clear Creek Co., on Colo. & So. Ry., 50 m. W. of Denver, fare $2.35, round trip $3.70. Alt. 8,475 ft. Pop. 3,000. Electric lights, water works, etc. Fine schools and churches. Hotels $2.00 to $3.00 per day. Mining and all lines of trade. Fine scenery. The Loop is just above the town. Splendid mountain climbing on sur- rounding mountains. The trip from Denver up Clear Creek Canon and over the Loop is not to be missed. The round trip may be accomplished in a day, but several days may 64 COLORADO HAND BOOK protitably be speut on it. Daily stage to Hot Sulphur Springs and Grand Lake. See also Grays Peak and Loop. Qillett, El Paso Co., on Md. Term. R. R., 132 m. S. of Denver. Pop. 900. Mining. t THE LITTLE COUNTY OF GILPIN 5 S Has produced since 1859 over $80,000,000 in g:old, which was up to S g 1898, more than 60 per cent, of the total production of the State. «j Gilpin County is in the central part of the state, W. of Jefferson and S. of Boulder counties. Central City is the county seat. The assessed valuation is $1,910,479. It con- tains nearly 20,000 acres of agricultural land. The mineral output for 1898 Avas, gold $2,400,000, silver $52,000, copper $56,000, lead $20,000. Glen Park, El Paso Co., 53 m. S. of Denver, 1/2 m. from Palmer Lake, on D. & R. G. and A., T. & S. F. R Rs. Colo- rado Chautauqua meets here every summer. A quiet and beautiful summer resort. Bass and trout in vicinity. Swimming Pool at Glenwood Springs Qlenwood Springs, county seat of Garfield Co., on D. & R. G. and Colo. Mid. R. Rs., 367 m. W. of Denver, fare $12. Alt. 5,750 ft. Pop. 1,500. One of the best health re- COLORADO HAND BOOK 65 sorts in the U. S. Superb scenery. Numerous hot mineral springs especially good for blood diseases, gout, rheuma- tism, lead poisoning, catarrh, etc. Splendid bathing pool over an acre in extent filled with mineral water from a spring of 120° F., but cooled to 90° by cold water. Open air bathing the year around. Many remarkable caves filled with hot sulphur vapor. Colorado Hotel is the finest resort hotel in the U. S. $4.00 to $5.00 per day. Hotel Glenwood $2.50 to $3.50. Best fishing and hunting in the state. Trout and game of all kinds within reach by pack horses. Opera house with 600 seats. Excellent public schools, five churches, hospital, telephone, electric lights, coke ovens at Cardiff, 3 miles distant, coal mines near. Splendid agri- cultural and fruit section contiguous. (Jqld PRODUCT 1656 J < i ' t ' i f / 5 / • / .' ^ s <• ^ -'1 ^ - ? S / f^ '^ * ' ^ 70 / / I' i k 7 < »*8 -the best year 1892, $17,121,850. Read also Manning, "Leadville, Lake Co. and the Gold Belt." Libraries— Most of the larger towns have good public libraries. Denver has two which will be consolidated about July 1st. Each contains over 40,000 vols. The State Li- brary is in the capitol. There are many good law libraries. All public libraries must report annually to the State Library Commission, which was established May, 1899. The present Library Commission is composed of E. H. Parks, 1 year; Chas. R. Dudley, 2 years; C. B. Seldomridge, 3 years; Geo. R. Elder, 4 years, and Geo. M. Lee, 5 years. Lincoln County is in the E. County seat, Hugo. Area of grazing land, 556,000 acres. Assessed valuation, $1,260,572. Stock raising is the principal industry. It has 61,000 head of sheep and 8,000 head of cattle. 10,000 lbs. of butter were shipped in 1898. Irrigation is conducted by the aid of wind- mills. Literature -The following are among the many valuable and reliable books published about the state: Chapin, "Mountaineering in Colorado," Crofutt, "Overland Tours," Fossett, "Colorado," France, "Mountain Trails and Parks," Dana, "Slopes of the Sangre de Cristo," Taylor, "Colorado." See also under the names of specific subjects. 90 COLORADO HAND BOOK Lithographic Stone is now being mined in Colorado. Littleton, Arapahoe Co., on D. & R. G. and A., T. & S. F. R. Rs., 10 m. S. of Denver. Alt. 5,400 ft. Pop. 800. Agriculture. Ducks in vicinity. Hotel $1.25 to $2.00 per day. Boai'd at ranches in summer at reasonable rates. Suburban sei^vice on the D. & R. G., fare one way 20c, round trip 25c. Live Stock— See Packing houses. Stock raising. Living Expenses are slightly higher in Colorado than in the east. Good board for working men can be had from $3.50 per week upwards. Clerks and professional men usu- ally pay from $5 per week upwards for room and board. Hotel rates run from $1 to $4 per day.Naturally expenses are greater in the regular resorts during the season. The Loop on the Colorado & Southern Ry, Logan County is in the N. E. County seat, Sterling. As- sessed valuation $1,518,774. Area of grazing land 412,800 acres. Stock raising is the principal industry. In 1898 60,000 lambs and 20,000 head of cattle were shipped. Hay and grain are raised in large quantities. Longmont, Boulder Co., on Colo. & So. Ry. and B. & M. R. R., 33 m. N. of Denver, fare $1.50, round trip $2.00. Alt. 5,000. Pop. 3,000. Fine churches, schools, public buildings and residences, creamery, flour mills, etc. Public COLORADO HAND BOOK 91 library and 3 women's clubs. Hotel $1.50 to $2.00. Good board at raiielies in summer at reasonable rates. Canning establishment (Empsom's). Long's Peak (14,271 ft.), in the Front Range, in Boulder County, affords one of the most difficult pieces of mountain climbing in the Rocky Mountains. It Is an extinct volcano with a crater 3,000 feet deep. 55 m. N. W. of Denver and visible looking down 16th st. Loop, The, is one of the most famous pieces of railroad building in the world. It is situated above Georgetown, on the ascent of Gray's Peak. In order to make the ascent the track makes a complete loop. The distance over the Loop is four miles ; in a straight line the distance traversed is but one mile. The altitude gained is 700 feet. The sharp curves, the flight over iron bridges 100 feet high and be- side almost overhanging crags, make the ride over the Loop an experience never to be forgotten. Can be made in one day leaving Denver at a convenient hour in the morning and on return arriving in ample time for supper. Louisville, Boulder Co., 20 M. N. of Denver on Colo. & So. Ry. Alt. 5,500 ft. Pop. 1,100. Coal mining. LovELAND High School A typical Colorado school house in a town of 2000 inhabitants 92 COLORADO HAND BOOK Loveland, Larimer Oo., on Colo. & So. Ry., 50 m. N. of Denver. Alt. 4,850 ft. Pop. 2,000. A flourislilng agricul- tural town. The "Free Street Fair" and "Free Corn Roast" are celebrated annually. Excellent climate. Hotel $2.00 per day. Good board at ranches near. Lumber— See Forests. Lyons, Boulder Co., on B. & M. R. R., 48 m. N. W. of Denver, fare $1.95. Pop. 1,000. Stone and lumber. Rail- road point for Estes Park. M Mails— Even the smallest towns have regular mails in summer. The larger towns have free delivery. The re- ceipts of the Denver office, 1898, were $421,532, Colorado Springs $61,000, Pueblo $46,000. Malta, Lake Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 272 m. W. of Den- ver. Alt. 9,600 ft. Pop. 50. Mining. Mancos, Montezuma Co., on R. G. S. R. R., 490 m. S. W. of Denver, fare $20.90. Alt. 7,008 ft. Pop. 300. Rich min- ing and fruit raising district. Trout, deer, grouse, rabbits and wild turkey in vicinity. The debarking point for the Cliff Dwellings. rianitou, El Paso Co., on D. & R. G. and Colo. & So. and C. Mid. Rj^s., terminus of Pike's Peak Cogwheel Ry., 5 m. W. of Colorado Springs and 80 m. S. of Denver, fare $3.00, round trip $4.65. Alt. 6,325 ft. Pop. 1,500. Fashion- able health and pleasure resort. Beautifully situated at the foot of Pike's Peak. Picturesque shady streets. Fine resi- dences. Electric lights, street railway and water works. Camping grounds, summer cottages and hotels $1.50 to $4.00 per day; 8 effervescing soda and iron springs 44° to 59° F., of valuable curative properties. . Good bathing accommodation. Beautiful scenery and mild climate. Many interesting and beautiful caves. Opera house with 600 seats. See also Colorado Springs, Garden of the Gods, Pike's Peak. Manitou Park, 20 m. up Ute Pass from Manitou, is noted for Its scenery and its petrified forest. Hunting and fish- ing are excellent. Good accommodation for tourists and camping parties. 94 COLORADO- HAND BOOK Manufactures are mainly such as grow out of mining. The products of the smelters 1898 was $102,685,616. Value of manufactures, exclusive of smelters, in Denver alone, 1898, $29,000,000. The iron and steel works at Pueblo pro- duced in 1898 119,880 tons. Nearly every branch of manu- facturing is represented in the state. Raw materials of all kinds being produced here, the increase of manufacturing is certain in the near future. See also under the name of each article nanzanola, Otero Ck)., on A., T. & S. F. R. R., 162 m. S. E. of I>enver. Pop. 100. Fruit raising. Marble of every variety is found in the state. Much of it is equal to that quarried in Italy. $100,000 worth is ship- ped to other states annually. The main quarries are in Gunnison, Fremont and Pitkin counties. It has also re- cently been found in Routt county. Marshall, Boulder Co., on C^lo. & So. Ry., 24 m. N. of Denver. Alt. 5,400 ft. Pop. 150. Mining. Masons— Grand Dodge of Colorado is in full affiliation with the Grand Dodges of other countries except France. Membership 1897-8, 7,335. Ed. O. Parmelee, Denver, Grand Secretarj^ First lodge in the state organized 24th Sei)t., 1859, at Auraria (now Denver). The new Masonic Temple, erected at Denver in 1889, is one of the finest in the country. Medicine Bow Range is due northern continuation of the North Range. Haynes Peak, 13,832 ft., Larimer Co. Clark's Peak, 13,167 ft, Larimer Co. Meeker, county seat of Rio Blanco Co., 40 m. from Rifle, the nearest railroad point. Alt. 6,500 ft. Pop. 500. Agri- culture and stock raising. Melons-The Arkansas Valley is the finest melon growing country in the world. Rocky Ford is the principal shipping point and "Melon day" is celebrated there every season. On Melon day at the Omaha Exposition 12,000 watermelons and 22,000 cantaloupes, grown in this section, were given away. Value of crop, 1898, $1,000,000. Melons are now being shipped to the East and England, where they find a ready market owing to their superior quality and flavor. Meredith, Lake Co., on C. Mid. Ry., 253 m. S. W. of Denver. Alt. 7,800 ft. Pop. 125. Lime and building stone. COLORADO HAND BOOK P. R. R. Pap, 95 100. Stock rais- Merino, Logan Co., on U. ing. Mesa, Mesa Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 124 m. W. of Den- ver. Alt. 4,850 ft. Pop. 400. Fruit raising. Mesa County is in the W. County seat, Grand Junction. Assessed valuation, $2,291,093. There are 163,000 acres of agricultui-al, 54,000 acres of grazing and 600 acres of coal lands. Fruit raising is the principal industry, 16,000 acres are planted in orchards with 145,000 trees. Value of crops 1898: Fruit $69,000, wool $16,000, potatoes $17,500, cattle Melons Ready for 'Watermelon Day" at Rocky Ford $363,000. 21,000 tons of coal was mined in '98. Copper is also being mined extensively. Beet sugar factory at Grand .Junction costing $500,000 is now being constructed. Middle Park, in Grand Co., is some 50 miles W. of Den- ver. Reached by stage from Georgetown. It is wild and lonely, but its vast gi*azing lands and desirable mineral springs malie it a good camping ground. Alt. 7,750 ft. Military— The 22nd U. S. Infantry (colorefl) is stationed at 96 COLORADO HAND BOOK Fort IjQgan, near Denver. Denver is the headquarters of the Dept. of the Colorado, Gen. Merriam in command. Be- fore the Spanish war the 7th U. S. infantry was at Fort Logan and Gen. Otis was in command of the department. See also National Guard. Militia— See National Guard. Mineral County is in the S. County seat, Creede. As- sessed valuation, $494,561. It has 5,300 acres of agricul- tural and 19,500 acres of grazing land. Mining is the prin- cipal industry. Value of output 1898: Gold $62,000, silver $2,900,000, lead $500,000 and zinc $20,000. Over 700 men are employed in the mines. Pa\ning Dirt in Placer Min Drilling in a Tunnel, Quartz Mining Minerals— Besides gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron, ooal, etc., the following minerals, among others, are found in Colorado in more or less quantities: Agatized wood, ala- COLORADO HAND BOOK 97 OuwAY— A lYPiCAL Mining Town baster, alum, amazoustoue, amethyst, aquamarine, argen- liue, arsenide of cobalt, asbestos, asplialtum, banded agate, baiite, beryl, bismuth, bloodstone, blue vitrol or chalcan- thite, cairngorm, or smoky quartz, calcite, carnelian, cassi- terite or tin stone, cerussite, chalcedony, chrysolite or peri- dot, citrine or false topaz, cobalt, corundum, cryolite, cya- nite, feldspar, fire opal, fluor spar, gahnite, garnet, graph- ite, gypsum, hornblende, hyalite or MuUer's glass, Iceland spar,jasper, jet, kaolinite or porcelain clay, malachite,man- ganese sulphate, mercury, mica, molybendite, moss agate, % Ickel, onyx, opal, phenacite, rock crystal, rose quartz, salt, 'sardonyx, satin spar, spessartite, sulphate of strontia, sul- A\EN ENGAGED IN MINING IN COLORADO In 1896 25,545 In 1897 29,215 In 1898 30,231 »JjL t.t^t:UJi*JtSJt»JtiJt*JiSJtSJtSJiStSJi^:tSJtSJtS*!ti Mining is Business - Not Gambling TO BUSINESS MEN : Are you interested in mining matters? Do you realize that practical mining enterprise affords the MOST PROFITABLE INVESTMENT? Jf j^Tbe Dailv (Dining Record le^r' Its Important Features : its mining news covers a larger field than any other class publication In the West. It is the only daily strictly mining newspaper in the World, this statement being backed by the Columbian Commission of the World's Fair. It exclu- sively handles ALL the quotations upon mining securities from official records of Colorado Mining Exchanges. Its corre- spondents are In every camp of note through- Subscription rates out the West. Its Mining Information Bureau Is open to all subscribers free of ^^^'^ per annum _ , . , .. . , 82. Ko stx months charge, and official statements are published ^/.^^ three *' from the various companies. so'^ one month ADDRESS The Reinert Publishing Company Suite 705-8 Mining Exchange DENVER ::: COLORADO COLORADO HAND BOOK 99 phur, talc, topaz, tourmaline, wood opal, zircon, etc. See also Stone. Mineral Springs abound in all parts of the state. They vary in temperature from 40° to 150° Farenheit. The min- eral constituents are very varied, from the gentlest soda to the most pungent salts and offensive sulphates. For table of analysis see Denison, "Rocky Mountain Health Resorts," p. 30. Many of them possess the highest medical virtues and rival those of Switzerland, Germany and Arkansas. The best known springs are located at Glenwood, Idaho Springs, Buena Vista, Canon City, Fueblo, Fagosa, Sulphur Springs , Manitou, Mount Frinceton, Foncha Springs, Wagon Wheel Gap, Steamboat Springs, Trimble, Wellsville and Waunita. Mining Is the chief industry of the state. Its minerals are practically unlimited in extent and value. Gold, silver, En Route to a New Mining Camp lead, copper, iron, salt and coal are all large products. Others of importance are marble, limestone, sandstone, gypsum, clays and petroleum. The great mining districts form an almost continuous belt across the state 50 or 60 miles in width, in general line with the principal range. Most of the park region and the country to the west are unlerlain by coal and salt. There are over 30,000 men en- gaged in mining. The value of the principal mineral pro- ducts In 1898 were: Gold $25,723,384, silver $15,899,990, LEAD SMELTERS WATER JACKETS SLAG POTS CAMMETT CONCENTRATORS Denver Engineering iUorks SHEPARD & SEARING = MANUFACTURERS GENERAL MINING MACHINERY CRU!iHlNG ROLLS ORE CRUSHERS HYDRAULIC MZ5KS riMt: SAMPLERS SCREENS COLORADO HAND BOOK 101 lead $4,394,917, copper $1,831,500, coal $7,000,000, petroleum about $500,000, stone and marble $2,000,000. In addition to this 223,897 tons of iron ore were produced. Many long tunnels are now being pushed into the mountains. Improved mining machinery and more economical treatment of low grade ores is doing much to swell the total output. Read also Lralies, A., "Geology of Colorado and Western Ore De- posits." See also Gold, Iron, Silver, Copper, Smelters, Geology, etc. Mining Machinery— The manufacturers of mining ma- chinery have profited by their close proximity to the mines and their knowledge of the needs of mining men and have brought out many new improvements. By putting a high class of material and workmanship into their product, they have established a reputation for Colorado made machinery, which resulted in 1898 in sales to the value of $1,100,000. The total value of all mining machinery sold In Denver in Prospectors at Work 102 COLORADO HAND BOOK 1898 was about $3,000,000. See also Cyanide Process, Rock Drills. >»rrrrrrr»yrrrrrrrryyyy r rrrrrrrrrrryrrrrrryrrrry< I COLORADO*S MINERAL OUTPUT FOR I 1897 I GOLD, SI'.VER, COPPER AND LEAD Gold, 1,025,518 ozs.VaL $21,147,046 Silver, 20,326,238 ozs. Val. 12,142,425 Copper, 10,753,812 lbs. Val. 1,131,725 Lead, 86,940,038 lbs. Val. 2,952.313 Total $37,373,509 Average price for the year: Gold $20,67 per ounce; Silver, 59 65-100 cents per ounce : Copper, 10 67-100 cents per pound ; Lead, $3.88 per hundred weight. : LEADVILLE I I Leadvillehasput J ; forth since 1879 J ; mineral products \ ; of the value of ; ; $206,000,000 ; » Her best year 3 ; W4S1892. ; : $17,121,850 ; * Her poorest year ; : was 1894. ; : $8,160,074 ; ; THE RACE FOR GOLD ; Or, How Cripple Creek District Did It : California vs. Colorado : 1880-$15,618.351 $ 3.206.500 : 18W7-5>15.000.000 $1^.579.637 : Gold in 1897-Colorado $19,579,637 ; Alaska "] ; Montana I > Nevada ! : S. Dakota f Combined $19,941,431 ; Utah I ' Arizona J ; 1898— Co*orado $2^,725,000 : California $14,5()0.«i00 Minturn, Eagle Co., division headquarters of D. & R. G. R. R., 308 m. W. of Denver. Alt. 7,285 ft. I^p. 400. Mining. Ttout in vicinity. Moffat. Saguache Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 204 m. S. of Denver, fare $8.85. Alt. 7,580 ft. Pop. 100. Agriculture and stock raising. Ducks in vicinity. Monarch, Chafeee Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 237 m. S. W. of Denver. Alt. 10,000 ft. Pop. 100. An old mining camp. Good trout fishing. Montclair, Arapahoe Co., 4 m. E. of Denver, on electric line, fare 5c. Beautiful residence suburb. Alt. 5,800 ft. Pop. 1,500, Excellent school and good church. Electric COLORADO HAND BOOK 103 lights, water works and fire department. Site of Jarvis Hall Military Academy. Ducks in vicinity. Monte Vista, Rio Grande Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 267 m. S. W. of Denver, fare $12.20. Alt. 7,750 ft. Pop. 1,200. Site of State Soldiers' Home. Leading agricultural town of the San Luis Valley. Fine schools, churches and resi- dences. Hotels $2.00 to $3.00 per day. Electric lights, artesian water, mild climate, good scenery. Rolling mills, elevator, machine shops, etc. Good trout fishing, rabbits in abundance. Opera house with 600 seats. Montezuma County is in the S. W. County seat, Cortez. Assessed valuation, $714,041. It has 15,400 acres of agri- cultural and 38,000 acres of grazing land. Stock raising is the principal industry, there being 5,000 head of cattle. The county is but poorly developed at present but promises great things in the future. Montrose, c^untv seat of Montrose Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 353 m. S. W. of Denver, fare $12.55. Alt. 5,780 ft. Pop. 2,500. Situated in the Uncompahgre valley in a rich agricultural district and unrivalled fruit section, surround- ed by snow-capped ranges, which protect it from winter storms and summer heat. Mild and equable climate. Fine scenery. Death rate, 4 per 1,000. Fine schools and churches. Mineral springs 72** F., good for dyspepsia and liver troubles. Good bathing accommodation. Hotel $2.00 per day. Opera house of 600 seats. Bear, deer, mountain lion, mountain sheep and wild cats in the mountains within 290 miles. Also splendid trout fishing. Montrose County is in the W. County seat, Montrose. As- sessed valuation, $1,853,867. Agricultural land, 120,000 acres. Orchards planted, 7,500 acres. Number of cattle. 12,000 head, of sheep, 20,000. It is a fertile agricultural and fruit raising county. Crops 1898: Wheat 183,000 bushels, oats 150,000 bushels, hay 100,000 tons, peaches and pears 330,000 lbs., apples 8,000 boxes, honey 52,000 lbs. $6,000 worth of gold was mined in 1898 in addition to large quantities of silver and copper. The county is being rapidly developed and a new irrigation ditch is being built by the Colorado Co-operative Co., which will water a large tract of the San Miguel valley. The climate is delightful. The death rate Is only 4 per 1,000. Monument, El Paso Co., on D. & R. G. and A., T. & S. F. 104 COLORADO HAND BOOK R. Rs., 5b m. S. of Denver, fare $2.20. Alt. 7,000 ft. Pop. 350. Agriculture. Moraine, Larimer Co., 27 m. W. of Lyons. Alt. 7,775 ft. Pop. 25. Summer resort in Estes Park. Board at ranches. Alorgan County is in the N. E. County seat. Fort Mor- gan. Assessed valuation, $1,302,353. It has 40,000 acres of agricultural and 89,000 acres of gi-azing land. Stock raising is the principal industry. It has 15,000 head of cattle, 50,000 sheep and 3,000 horses and 3,000 hogs. Morrison, Jefferson Co., on Colo. & So. Ry., 16 m. S. AV. of Denver. Alt. 5,800 ft. Pop. 400. Beautifully situated on Bear creek, among the foothills. Good mineral spring. Fine scenery. Good hotel. One of the most convenient re- sorts near Denver. Mosca, Costilla Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 288 m. S. of Denver, fare $10.30. Alt. 8,000 ft. Pop. 250. Opera house with 600 seats. Trout, duck, geese, grouse, bear, deer and mountain sheep 10 m. to the E. Mild climate. Mount Lincoln (14,297 ft.), Park Co., named for Abraham Lincoln shortly after his assassination. Affords one of the best climbs and loveliest views in the state. Mount of the Holy Cross Mount!of the Holy Cross (14,176 ft.), in Eagle Co., may be seen from the summit of Fremont Pass. The unmelted COLORADO HAND BOOK 105 snow in the ravines forms almost a perfect cross, which gleams in bright splendor against its dark surroundings. It can be reached in 2 houi's from Leadville, over the D. & R. G. R. R. riount Princeton (14,199 ft.), in Saguache Range, 9 m. S. W. of Buena Vista. 40 mineral springs within % mile, temperature 130° F., beneficial to rheumatism, cutaneous disease, paralysis, etc. Large hotel, bath house and swim- ming pool. Scenery and climate good. riount Princeton Hot Springs, Chaffee Co., on D. & R. G. R. R. and Colo. & So. Ry., 142 m. S. W. of Denver. Alt. 8,000 ft. 40 mineral springs with an aggregate flow of about 1,000,000 gals, per day, 130° F. Beneficial for rheu- matism, cutaneous diseases, paralysis, etc. Hotel and bathing accommodation. Surrounded by lofty and beautiful mountains. riount Rosalie (14,340 ft.), in the Front Range, Clear Creek Co., is 2 m. S. E. of Evan's Peak, and may be prominently seen from the plains. See Hayden's Report 1875, p. 417. riountain Climbing requires a fair degree of health, and, to be enjoyable, a good deal of enthusiasm. The ambitious climber will find plenty of excitement and hard work in the ascent of Long's Peak, while the less robust may ride up Gray's Peak on the back of a mule, or to the summit of Pike's Peak on the celebrated cog railroad. Warm clothing is necessary. A moonlight night is the best time to start, as this makes possible a view of the sunrise from the sum- mit—a scene never to be forgotten. The Continental Divide on the Denver & Rio Grande R. R, COLORADO HAND BOOK 107 riountain passes take the tourist almost to the summits of the mountains. The view is almost limitless and indescrib- ably grand. Most of the passes may be reached by rail. The principal are: Argentine Pass 13,281 ft., Berthoud Pass 11,350 ft, Boulder Pass 11,670 ft., Fremont Pass 11,- 329 ft., Loveland Pass 11,87G ft., Marshall Pass 10,858 ft., Palmer Lake 7,650 ft., Poncha Pass 9,061 ft., Tennessee Pass 10,143 ft., Veta Pass 9,399 ft. Tlruntain Peaks— 125 mountains in the state are more than 2 miles above sea level and 40 exceed 14,000 ft. See also Arapahoe Peak, Audubon Peak, Evans' Peak, Gray's Peak, James Peak, Long's Peak, Mt. Princeton, Mt. Lincoln, Mt. Rosalie, Pike's Peak. Also under the names of the various ranges. riountains-The Rooky ^[ountains run N. and S., dividing the state into two parts; the plains in the E., the mountains in the W. They occupy over 60,000 square miles and pre- sent overy conceivable tyi)e of scenery. Those in the S. W. are particularly rugged, while the foothills to the E. remind one more of New England. To the AV. of the Front Range is a series of great valleys or "parks." To the W. of the \fosquito and Sagrnche ranges is the great table land. Over this vast mountain region and through its deepest canons one can travel at ease by rail. See also Blue River Range, Culolia Range. Klk Mts.. Front Range, La Plata ^fts., .^ edicine Bow Ranc:e, Needle Mts., Ouray Mts., Park Range, Pari HX^V <(\ rr, Vy ^^ 7 ■// 2 m «' !r>y^ ^. o u v^ / COLORADO HAND BOOK 109 eblo, Greeley, Boulder and Lake City, and for cavalry at Denver. It is supported by a poll tax of $1. Needle riountains— A series of short ranges on the west side of the grand divide, buttressing the San Juan Moun- tains. It contains many high isolated peaks named and unnamed. Sheridan Peak, 12,305 ft., La Plata Co., nearest point, Duraugo. Aeolus, " 14,054 ft.. La Plata Co., nearest point, Durango. Needle Peak, 14,051 ft.. La Plata Co., near- est point, Duraugo. Mount Oso, 13,755 ft. La Plata Co., nearest point, Durango. Pigeons Peak, 13,928 ft.. La Plata Co., nearest point, Durango. Rio Grande Pyramid, 14,055 ft., San Juan Co., nearest point, Needleton. Mount Kendall, 13,542 ft., San Juan Co., nearest point, Silverton. Mount Canby, 13,350 ft., San Juan Co., nearest point, Silverton. King Solomon, 13,550 ft., San Juan Co., nearest point, Silverton. Sultan, 13,501 ft., San Juan Co., nearest point, Silverton. The Hunchback, 13,357 ft., San Juan Co., nearest point, Durango. Nevadaville, Gilpin Co. Central City, nearest railroad, V^ m. Alt. 8,800 ft. Pop. 1,200. Important mining town. Newcastle Garfield Co., on D. & R. G. R. R. and O. Mid. Ry., 307 m. W. of Denver, fare $12.50. Alt. 5,500 ft. Pop. 1,000. Theater with 150 seats. Hotel $1.50 per day. Trout and deer in vicinity. f NEWSPAPERS I 1 Dailies 38 Semi-Monthlies .... 2 1 I Semi-Weel. as well as many other manufacturing establishments. Value of farm products 1898, $600,000. Railroads— There are 15 railroads and 4,519 miles of track in the state, nearly .01 mile to each inhabitant. The roads j employ 12,000 men and pay $10,000,000 a year in wages. 1 Map Showing All Railroads in Colorado Pueblo Buildings and Scenes 126 COLORADO HAND BOOK First rails laid in the state (Denver Pacific— Cheyenne to Denver) in 1868; completed 1870. Ten miles of track on the D. & R. G. cost $1,400,000— some of the most expensive road in the U. S. The roads are well equipped and traverse the most beautiful parts of the state. The principal roads are Colo. & So. Ry., Colo. Midland, D. & R. G. Ry., Santa Fe and U. P. R. R. The Pike's Peak Cog Wheel Railroad, though only a few miles long, cost $500,000, and is a notable example of engineering enterprise. Railroads— See also Colorado & Southern Ry., Colorado Midland R. R., Denver & Rio Grande R. R., Florence & Cripple Creek R. R. and Golden Circle R. R. Rainbelt— The rainbelt is an almost semi-circular tract in the E. part of the state, between the Platte and Arkansas rivers, extending W. into the E. of El Paso and Elbert counties. Farming is conducted without irrigation and is similar in climate to Western Kansas. It is a good district for cattle ranges and hay. Fifteen railroads operate in *| Colorado, having within the ^ borders of the State a total of | 4,762.84 miles of track. The t railroads give employment to t about 12.000 men living in the t State, and pay each year in 2 wages to employes about $10,- s 000.000. t i RAILROADS IN COLORADO Population Area in Sq. Miles Miles of Railroad Population per mile Vermont Massachusetts . . Colorado 332,000 2.240.000 450,000 10.212 7.800 104.000 1,000 2.500 4.700 340 1,000 96 » «*J*«A*******Jl«l*«l»>*SlMA****^ J COLORADO HAND BOOK 127 6tN 4lH DEMVER CQLO. 'Ldm llU nOMTROSE COLO. Ill luili P1KE5PEAK COLO. Jmlulliiii Rainfall in Colorado Diag:ram showing: raln-fall by months in different sections of Colorado Rainfall—Total precipitation at Denver 1898, 12.98 inches. Average annual precipitation for 27 years: Denver 14.4 Ins., Colorado Springs 14.4 ins., Pueblo 12.0 ins. See also Climate, Sunshine, Weather, Wind. Rampart Range— Pike's Peak, 14,147 ft, El Paso Co., nearest point, Manitou Springs. Real Estate— The inflated values of boom times have been followed by a long period of reaction. The market is now beginning to show an upward tendency. Prices are still far below normal but will in all probability increase rapidly in the near future. See also Land. Red Cliff, county seat of Eagle Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 300 m. W. of Denver, fare $7.65. Alt. 8,300 ft. Pop. 1,200. Good hotel $2.00 per day and up. Opera house with 500 seats. Fine view of the Mount of the Holy Cross. Moun- tain climbing and good hunting and fishing. Prosperous mining town. Reformatory at Buena Vista, , warden, for male convicts between 16 and 30 years of age, at the option of the court. The indeterminate sentence is in force and giving good results. No. of inmates 30th Nov., '98, 78. Income '98, 37,000. Resources-See Agriculture, Climate, Forests, Fruit, Man- ufactures, Mining, Stock Raising and under the name of each specific branch of each industry, e. g., Apples, Coal, Gold, Potatoes, Silver, Smelters, etc. 128 COLORADO HAND BOOK Rico, county seat of Dolores Co., on R. G. S. R. R., 445 m. S. W. of Denver, fare via Ridgway $18.15, via Durango $20.90. Alt 8,700 ft Pop. 1,500. Prosperous mining town on the Dolores river. Good hotel $3.00 per day. Opera house with 400 seats. Trout in Trout Lake 16 m. away. Grouse, deer and rabbits in vicinity. Ridgway. Ouray Co., on D. & R. G. and R. G. S. R. Rs., 378 m. S. W. of Denver, fare $14.20. Alt 7,000 ft. Pop 600. Rifle, Garfield Co., on D. & R. G. R. R. and C. Mid. Ry., 321 m. W. of Denver, fare $13.00. Alt. 5,400 ft. Pop. 500. Daily stage to Hahn'3 Peali. Trout, deer and elk in vicin- ity. Good scenery. Mild climate. Rio Blanco County is in the N. W. County seat. Meeker. Assessed valuation, $771,044. It has 57,500 acres of agricul- tural land, 25,000 head of cattle and 6,000 horses. Stock raising is the principal industry. Rio Grande County is in the S. County seat, Del Norte. Assessed valuation, $1,578,464. It has 67,000 acres of agri- cultural, 76,000 acre* of grazing and 1,900 acres of coal lands, 7,000 head of cattle, 19,000 sheep and 5,000 horses. Value of mineral products 1898: Gold $27,000' and silver $5,000. The county is fertile and rich in minerals but is practically undeveloped. Rivers— There are eight principal rivers in the state, the Arkansas, the Dolores, Green river. Grand river, the Gunni- son, Rio Grande, San Juan and South Platte. These rivers, with their tributaries, are plentifully stocked with moun- tain trout. They furnish bountiful supplies of water for irrigation and water power that could, if fully utilized, run all the machinery in the world. See also Fishing, Irri- gation, Water Power. Robinson, Summit Co., on Colo. & So. Ry., 295 m. W. of Denver. Alt. 10,780 ft. Pop. 600. Mining. From this point Mount of Holy Cross can be seen. Rock Drills— Nearly all the power drills used in the mines are worked by compressed air. During the last two years a Colorado inventor has brought out and sold extensively, both at home and abroad, a rock drill which is operated on radically different principles from the type which has been in use for the past 40 years. The success of this drill has added greatly to the reputation of Colorado-made mining machinery. See also Mining Machinery. 1 W* THE "NEWLEYNER" ^^ _ ^ ROCK FBMf" DRILL 1 V Nearly 200 sold the first year ^Ji. and now in practical use. Efficiency t/I Favorite n approve Sto J. GEO. Edw. p. Allis Cc Sole A ^^^^ A radical departure from the ^^^^ old type and system, but its , Durability and Economy Have been thoroughly established. nth Drill Men because of Us LIGHTNESS, d hy Practical Miners and a boon to ckholders in Mines because of its ECONOMY. LEYNER, Inventor and Manufacturer 36th and Wazee Sts. and Albany Hotel Building DENVER, COLO. 130 COLORADO HAND BOOK Rockvale, Fremont Co., on A., T. & S. F. R. R., 36 m. W. of Pueblo. Pop. 900. Coal mining. Rocky Ford, Otero Co., on A., T. & kS. F. R. R., 170 m. S. E. of Denver. Alt. 4,000 ft. Pop. 1,500. Beautifully situated in the center of the fruit raising section of the Arkansas Valley. Melon day is celebrated every summer. One of the most fertile and healthy places in the state. Cool in summer and mild in winter. Splendid artesian wells. Pine public and business buildings. Good schools and churches, mills elevator and canning factory. Good hotels. Plenty of water for irrigation. Romero, Conejos Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 7 m. N. of Antonito, in the heart of the celebrated San Luis Valley wheat belt. Alt. 7,600 ft. Roofing riaterials— Elaterite is found extensively in the western part of the state, and is manufactured in Denver into roofing on cloth, put up into rolls. This material is rapidly superseding tin as a waterproof covering for roofs. It is used extensively in the covering of all kinds of cars, engine cabs and railroad work in general, as well as on buildings. It is purely a Colorado industry. Output for the first five months of 1899, 600,000 sq. ft. .*^lWAYS on Top., EuHlSK For all kinds of Flat and Steel Roof 4 Not Paper, but a Cloth Center well coated with our non-drying;, pliable, and durable Elaterite Roofing Material • TRADE MARK • MANUF\CTU3ED BY THE Used for Business Blocks. Mills, Factories, Farm -Houses, Barns, and by Railroads for Depots, Round- Houses, Cars, etc. Prices, circulars and samples on application WESTERN ELATERITE M'F'G CO. 3rd and Market Sts. DENVER, COLO office 410 Equitable Building COLORADO HAND BOOK 131 Rouse, Huerfano Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 185 m. S. of Denver. Alt. 6,500 ft. Pop. 1,500. Coal mininj?. Routt County Is in the N. W. County Seat, Hahn's Peak. Assessed valuation, $1,240,578. It has 27,000 acres of agri- cultural, 110,000 acres of grazing lands. Stock raising is the principal industry. Value of live stock, 1898, $2,000,000. Onyx and marble are being shipped. Value of mineral out- put '98: Gold $9,000, silver $4,000, lead $3,000. The county is at present almost undeveloped. Great things are in store for it in the future. Royal Gorge —See Grand Canon of the Arkansas. Ruby, Gunnison Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 322 m. from Denver. Alt. 8.962 ft. Russell Gulch, Gilpin Co., 2 m. S. of Central City. Alt. 9,000 ft. Pop. 200. Rich mining district. Sacred Heart College— See Jesuit College. Saddles and Harness to the value of $175,000 were made in Denver in 1898. This is principally composed of heavy goods for the use of cowboys, etc. Saguache, county seat of Saguache Co. Daily stage from Villa Grove, on D. & R. G. R. R., the nearest railroad point. Alt. 7,600 ft. Pop. 600. Saguache County is in the S. County seat, Saguache. Assessed valuation, $1,996,977. It contains 71,000 acres of agricultural and 254,00)0 acres of grazing land. It has 85 miles of irrigating canals and over 400 miles of lat-?rals. Farm crops 1898: Wheat 600,000. bushels, oats 200,000 bushels, barley 2,500 bushels, potatoes 4,000 bushels, hay 25,000 tons, wool 50,000 pounds. Mineral output '98: Gold $14,000, silver $1,000, copper and lead $1,000. Coal and iron are also found in large quantities. Saguache Range— Begins in Eagle Co. and runs parallel with the Park Range, the Arkansas river flowing between them in the southern region. It traverses Lake and Chaffee counties and ends in the Cochetopa Hills, the central part of the Continental Divide. Mount of the Holy Cross, 14,176 ft., Eagle Co., nearest point, Red Clife. Homestake, 13,073 ft., Eagle Co., nearest point, Red Cliff. Mount Massive, 13 2 COLORADO HAND BOOK 14,424 ft, Lake Co., nearest point, Leadville. Elbert, 14,436 ft.. Lake Co., nearest point, Leadville. La Plata Peak, 14,302 ft., Chaffee Co., nearest point, Buena Vista. Harvard, 14,375 ft., Chaffee Co., nearest point, Buena Vista. Yale, 14,187 ft., Chaffee Co., nearest point Buena Vista. Prince- ton, 14,1S9 ft., Chaffee Co., nearest ix)int, Salida. Antero, 14,245 ft., Chaffee Co., nearest point, Salida. Shavano, 14,239 ft., Chaffee Co., nearest point, Maysville. Ouray, 14,055 ft., Chaffee Co., nearest point, Marshall Pass. Saint Elmo, Chaffee Co., on Colo. & So. Ry., 159 m. S. W. of Denver, fare $7.00. Alt. 9,950 ft' Pop. 500. Mining. Salida. Chaffee Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 216 m. S. W. of Denver, fare $4.50. Alt. 7,050 ft. Pop. 4,500. Important railroad point. Distributing point for the Arkansas and San Luis Valleys, the Gunnison country and surrounding mining districts. Beautiful scenery and fine climate. Good schools and churches. Substantial business buildings and residences. Opera house with 800 seats. Good hotels. Poncha Hot Springs 5 m. and Wellsville Hot Springs 6 m. away. Fine trout fishing. Monthly pay roll, $75,000. Salina, Boulder Co., 38 m. N. W. of Denver. Pop. 350. Mining. Salt— Mo«t of the park region and the country to the west is underlain with salt and coal. Salvation Army, The, does much missionary work. It has a colony of 640 acres in the Arkansas Valley, organized on socialistic principles. Founded 1898. San Juan County is in the S. W. County seat, Silverton. Assessed valuation, $1,365,387. It is the center of the San Juan mining region. Value of mineral output 1898: Gold $715,000, silver $666,000, copper $155,000, lead $285,000. San Juan Hountains — This range is the southern part of the Continental Divide. It has many lateral ranges, like buttresses, and its general course is from southeast to northwest, where it joins with the Uncompahgre Range and the Cochetopa Hills. It is very little known, and eon- tains many high and unnamed mountains. It is spread over Saguache, Hinsdale (southern part), Archuleta, Rio Grande and Conejos counties. Stewart Peak, 14,032 ft, Saguache Co., nearest point. Lake City. San Luis Peak, 14,100 ft., Saguache Co., nearest point, Lake City. Mesa Peak, 13,131 ft, Saguache Co., nearest point, Lake City. COLORADO HAND BOOK 133 Bristol Head, 12,840 ft., Hinsdale Co. Red Cloud, 14,(il)2 ft., Hinsdale Co., nearest point, Lake City. Handles Peak, 14,149 ft., Hinsdale Co., nearest point. Lake City. Pole Creek Peak, 13,400 ft, Hinsdale Co., nearest point. Lake City. San Juan Peak, 12,506 ft., Hinsdale Co. Macomb's Peak, 13,154 ft., Hinsdale Co., nearest point, AVagon Wheel Gap. Bellevue Peak, Rio Grande Co., nearest point, Del Norte. Del Norte Peak, 13,081 ft., Rio Grande Co., nearest point, Del Norte. Conejos, 13,387 ft., Rio Grande Co., nearest point, Pagosa Springs. Banded Peak, 12.824 ft., Archuleta Co., nearest point, Pagosa Springs. Simpson's Peak, 14,005 ft., Rio Grande Co., nearest ix)int, Del Norte. San Luis, county seat of Costilla Co., 17 m. from Gar- land, the nearest railroad point. Pop. 800. Mt. Abrams and Ouray Toll Road on Denver & Rio Grande R. R. The Colorado Valley Land Co. Easy Terms HAVE NEARLY 25,000 ACWES OF IRRIGATED AGRICULTURAL LAND TO SELL OR RENT ON Denver office of the above Company— Cor. 17th and Curtis Street, in Ernest and Cranmer Building. F. C. GOUDY, MANAGER General Agents of Land Dept. JAMES A KELLY & CO., Honte Vista, Colo. Office under the Hotel Blanca. Special Rates to Land Seekers at Hotel Blanca Zeph. Chas. Felt ^ 207 Boston Building ^ <^ Denver : : Colorado ^ SPECIALTIES Lands and Water Rights in the famous San Luis Valley^ Wheat ^ Belr. The Romero Canal Co. Romero ^^ Town ^ Lots. Ranch Loans. ^ j^ ^ COLORADO HAND BOOK 135 San Luis Valley is in the S. of the state. Length 100 m., width 60 m., area 9,400 sq. ra., altitude 6,400 ft. Watered by 30 mountain streams and 6,000 flowing artesian wells, it is one of the most fertile natural parks. Crops 1898: Wheat, 1,500,000 bushels, oats $100,000, hay and alfalfa $200,000, potatoes $100,000. Stock raising is extensively conducted and rich gold and silver mines are found in the surrounding mountains. Good coal beds near Monte Vista and also 70 m. further S. The valley is an almost level plain, covered with natural grass and surrounded by moun- tains 11,000 to 15,000 ft. high. Excellent climate, good fishing and comfortable accommodation. Reached by D. & R. G. R. R. by way of Alamosa. San niguel. San Miguel Co., on R. G. So. R. R., 422 m. S. W. of Denver, fare $14.80. Alt. 8,200 ft. Pop. 50. San niguel County is in the S. W. County seat, Tellu- ride. Assessed valuation, $1,312,586. It has 3,300 acres of agricultural and 20,000 acres of grazing lands. Mining is the principal industry. Value of output 1898: Gold $1,- 500,000, silver $500,000, copper $40,000, lead $160,000. Elec- trical power was first introduced into the mines here and is now used extensively. San niguel riountains— Unnamed, 14,075 ft., San Miguel Co., nearest point, Telluride. Lizard Head, 14,160 ft, San Miguel Co., nearest point. Trout Lake. Mount Wilson, 14,309 ft., Dolores Co., nearest point, Ophir. Dolores Peak, 13,502 ft., Dolores Co., nearest point, Ophir. Mount Dolores, 12,703 ft, Dolores Co., nearest point, Rico. Unnamed, 13,890 ft., Dolores Co., nearest point, Rico. Mount Freeman, 12,703 ft, Dolores Co., nearest point, Rico. Mount Elliott, 12,516 ft., Dolores Co., nearest point, Rico. Anchor, 12,542 ft, Dolores Co., nearest point, Rico. Lone Cone, 12,635 ft., San Miguel Co., nearest point, Telluride. Sandstone abounds throughout the mountains. Red and white paving stone is found in even strata and is hard and durable. A large variety of building stone of the finest quality is quarried. The supply is suflacient for the whole country. Sangre de Cristo Range— It unites at its northern point with the Arkansas Hills, which run east and west, and with the Cochetopa Hills, which run from the southwest to the northeast and which form a part of the Continental 136 COLORADO HAND BOOK Divide. (N. B.— There are many unnamed peaks above 13,000 ft. in this range.) Hunt's Feak, 12,440 ft., Fremont Co., nearest point, Poncha. Rito Alto, 12,803 ft, Custer Co., nearest point. Villa Grove. Silesia Peak, 13,600 ft., Custer Co., nearest point. Hot Springs. Gibson Peak, 13,729 ft., Custer Co., nearest point, Hot Springs. Horn Peak, 13,447 ft., Custer Co., nearest point, Moftat. Crestone, 14,233 ft., Grant No. 4, nearest point, Mofieat. Humboldt, 14,041 ft., Custer Co., nearest point. Silver Cliff. Sierra Blanca, 14,483 ft., Costilla Co., nearest point, Alamosa. Old Baldy, 14,176 ft., Costilla Co., nearest point, Blanca. Gray back, 13,615 ft., Costilla Co., nearest point, Blanca. Sapphires are found in Southern Colorado. Sapinero, Gunnison Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 316 m. S. W. of Denver, fare $10.45. Alt. 7,200 ft. Pop. 100. Trout, bear, deer, mountain lion, mountain sheep, elk, rabbits and sage hens in vicinity. Sargents, Saguache Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 259 m. S. of Denver, fare $8.55. Alt. 8,400 ft. Pop. 60. Cattle rais- ing and mining. Trouf, antelope and deer. Saw Pit, San Miguel Co., on R. G. S. R. R. Pop. 409. New and flourishing mining camp. Scenery-Colorado presents every variety of scenery, ex- cept marine. In the E. are 30,000 sq. m. of rolling plain, occasionally traversed by great rivers and wide valleys. The mountains, occupying over 60,000 sq. m., present every type of moutain scenery which rivals even that of Swit- zerland. The wider valleys and "parks" present more the peaceful scene of New England. The canons are as diver- sified as the mountains. No two are alike. To get an idea of the scenery it is necessary to go all over the state. No mountain range, no canon, no river valley can be taken as typical of the others. The atmosphere is so clear that the view often extends 60 miles in each direction. All idea of distance is lost in the extent and grandeur of the view. See also Mountains, Parks, Plains, Rivers. School for the Deaf and Blind at Colorado Springs. D. O. Dudley, Supt. Supported by the state. Attendance 1898: Blind boys 18, girls 21; deaf boys 37, girls 37; total 113. Full particulars on application to the superintendent. School of Mines, at Golden. Regis Chauvenet, Prest. Supported by the state and free to residents. Income $37,- COLORADO HAND BOOK Lake San Christobal on Denver & Rio Grande R.R. 400. 183 pupils, G of whom come from foreign countries. One of the best technical schools in the country. Well equipped with a competent faculty, an extensive mineral museum and fine laboratories. Full information on appli- cation to the president. Schools-See Education. Secret Societies-All secret societies are well represented throughout the state. A member of any of them will find **brothers" wherever he may go and will be treated in a truly fraternal manner. See also Knights of Pythias, Masons, Odd Fellows, United Moderns, Patriotic Societies. 5edalia, Douglas Co., on D. & R. G. and A., T. & S. F. R. Rs., 25 m. S. of Denver, fare $1.00. Alt. 5,800 ft. Pop. 200. Trout, deer and small game 40 m. S. W. Sedgwick County is in the N. E. County seat, Julesburg. Assessed valuation, $664,971. It has 20,000 acres of agri- cultural and 208,000 acres of grazing land and over 40 m. of main irrigation ditches. Agriculture is the principal in- dustry. Seven Falls-See Cheyenne Canon. Seven Lakes— See Grand Lake. Sheep-There are 300,000 lambs, 500,000 ewes and 200,000 wethers in the state. Wool in '98 averaged 7 lbs. per fleece, giving a total of 7,000,000 lbs., which, valued at 12c per lb., gives a total value of $S40,000. Shenandoah of Colorado-A fertile and well watered agri- cultural district of 80,000 acres. Situated in Montrose and 138 COLORADO HAND BOOK San Miguel counties, 35 m. due S. of Montrose. Mild and equable climate. Beautiful scenery. Sheridan Lake county seat of Kiowa Co., on M. P. R. R., 70 m. from Las Animas. Alt. 4,000 ft. Pop. 250. Shirts to the value of $30,000 were manufactured in Den- ver in 1898. Shoes-In addition to the product of small shoemakers, the shoe factory at Denver has an output of 600 pairs per day. Silver flining: began on a large scale about 1870. The opening of the Leadville mines In 1877 revealed measureless resources of this metal in nearly all the mountain counties. The largest nugget of native silver ever mined was taken from Smuggler mine. Aspen, in 1894, weight 1,840 lbs., 91 per cent, silver. Output 1898, $15,900,000, about three-fifths of the value of the gold output for that year. Silver Cliff, county seat of Custer Co., in the Wet Moun- tain Valley, 26 m. from Cotopaxi station on D. & R. G. R. R. Alt. 8,000 ft. Pop. 500. Mining and agriculture. Silver Plume, Clear Creek Co., on Colo. & So. Ry., 54 m. W. of Denver, fare $2.95, round trip $3.95. Alt. 8,000 ft. Pop. 800. Silver mining. Hotels $2.00 per day. Magnificent scenery. Cool in summer. Silverton, county seat of San Juan Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., Silverton & Northern and proposed line to be run from Silverton to Lake City, 495 m. S. W. of Denver, fare $20.90. Alt. 9,200 ft. Pop. 3,000. Good schools and churches. Hotel $3.00 per day. It is the distributing center for the rich San Juan mining district. Situated in Baker's Park. The scenery rivals that of Switzerland. Lumber yards, bottling works and other manufactures. Trout and deer in vicinity. Fine climate. Well known mines in the vicinity are the Silver Lake, Iowa, Gold King and Sunny- side. 800 men employed with pay roll $75,000 a month. Slaughter Houses-See Packing Houses. Smelters-There are 18 smelters and reduction plants in the state. The largest are located at Denver and Pueblo. The most improved methods of treating ore are practiced. The various processes are of great interest to the layman as well as to the specialist. No one has seen Colorado who has not been through at least one smelter. Total output COLORADO HAND BOOK 139 AMOUNT SPENT PER CAPITA FOR SCHOOLS EAST AND WEST Amount per capita (total pop.) per annum expended for scliools : Montana $20 61 Colorado 15.40 Utah 10.84 Nevada 22.89 Idaho 8.18 Average $11 27 New Hampshire .... $ 9-52 ? Vermont ^ ^" 2 I Rhode Island 16.50 5 t New York 15 21 J [ Pennsylvania 8. 67 J Average $11.27 | SCHOOLS 5 What some leading: States are 3 willing to do for the educa- J tion of their children. ^ Spent for Public Schools per J capita in 1890: J In Massachusetts . . . $22.30 In New York . . . . . 16.69 In Pennsylvania . . . . 12.69 In Wisconsin .... . 10.55 In Iowa . 13.13 In Colorado . 25.67 )»*Jt AJtML4L«A«AiMLJMi* «JMJMLJ«LiL!M^ 5 SHEEP IN COLORADO iP' ^-u^ NO. OF SHEEP 1860 1870 120.928 1880 746.443 1890 717.990 1895 1,500,000 1898 778,000 NuTE— 1898 fig:ures taken from Assessors' Valuation are lower than those given above for 1895. See figures of live stock two pages back. NO. OF CATTLE 1860 1870 70,736 1880 346,834 1890 717.861 1895 ........ 750.000 1898 660.215 140 COLORADO HAND BOOK 1898: Gold $51,412,012, silver J(;28,774.9-!4. lead $14,032,570, copper $2,433,195, zinc $234,039 grand total $96,886,740. Smelters-See also Cyanide Process. The soil of Colorado may be called, in general, a sandy loam, vaiied in some districts by clay, adobe and other constituents. In its average it has been found of very superior quality, containing in good proportion the elements necessary for plant life. It is responsive in very high de- gree wherever water can be applied to it. Through the ap- plication of water from mountain streams it is constantly receiving additions to the elements needed to support vege- tation. Om\ha and Grant Smelter, Den\ er Soldiers and Sailors Home at Monte Vista. S. M. French, commander. Supported by the state. Income '99, $22,000. No. of inmates 121. Sopris,I>as Animas Co.. on Colo. & So. Rv., 227 m. S. of Denver. Alt. 6,200 ft. Pop. 1.000. Coal mining. 400 coke ovens. South Parle, in Park Co., 50 m. S. W. of Denver, is tra- versed by good wagon roads and by the Colo. Midland and COLORADO HAND BOOK 141 Colo. & So. Rys. It is the most beautiful of all the parks and is rich in grazing, agricultural and coal lands. It is the favorite summer resort of the state. Good hunting and fishing and comfortable accommodations. Alt. 8,800 ft. Length 60 m., width 30 m. Springfield, county seat of Baca Co., 50 m. S. of Lamar, on A., T. & S. F. R. R., the nearest railroad point. Alt. 4,000 ft. Pop. 100. Agriculture and stock raising. Springs— See Mineral Springs. Stark ville, Las Animas Co., on A., T. & S. F. R. R., 215 Di. S. of Denver. Pop. 500. Coal mining. State Officers for 1899-1900 are; Governor, Charles S. Thomas, salary $5,000, politics Dem., Arapahoe Co. Lieu- tenant Gov., Francis Carney, salary $1,000, Pop., Ouray Co. Secretary of State, Elmer F. Beckwith, salary $3,000, Pop., Boulder Co. Treasurer, John H. Fesler, salary $6,000, Silver Rep., Garfield Co. Auditor, George W. Temple, salary $2,500, Silver Rep., Rio Blanco Co. Attorney General, David M. Campbell, salary $3,000, Pop., Pueblo Co. Supt. of Pub. Instruction, Helen L. Grenfell, salary $3,000, Silver Rep., Gilpin Co. Chief Justice, John Campbell, salary $5,000, Rep., El Paso Co. SieamboatSprings, Routt Co., stage from Wolcott, on D. & R. G. R. R., the nearest railroad point, 70 m. S. Alt. 6,500 ft. Pop. 300. The drive on the stage is most beautiful and the surrounding sceneiy is lovely. Celebrated health, pleasure and hunting resort. Elk, deer, bear and mountain sheep abound. 300 mineral springs within 2 m., 60 of which contain sulphur, magnesia, iron and soda and vary from cold to 156° F. Steel— See Iron. Sterling, county seat of Logan Co., on U. P. Ry. and B. & M. R. R. R., 152 m. N. E. of Denver, fare $4.70. Pop. 1,600. Hotel $2.00 per day. Agriculture and stock raising. Stock Raising— The climate is very favorable to the cattle industry. Vast herds graze most of the year on the 9,000,000 acres of pasture which the state contains. In the winter they are mostly under shelter. The local demand for stock of all kinds is still in excess of the supply. No of stock from assessors* returns 1898: Horses, mules, etc., 204,671, value $2,432,157; cattle, 667,686, value, $6,827,152: sheep, 822,176, value $840,^7; hogs, 35,373, value $75,693; other COLORADO HAND BOOK 143 animals 13,001, value $21,320, giving a total assessed valu- ation (about one-third of market value), $10,196,969. See also Packing Houses, Sheep. Stone— Almost every kind of building stone of the finest quality is found in the state. Nearly all the fine residences and public buildings are built of home material. The supply is practically inexhaustible. Value of output 1898, $2,000,- 000. See also Granite, Lava, Onyx, Sandstone, Marble, Slate. Sugar Beets— The soil along the S. Platte, Arkansas and Grand rivers and in San Luis valley is especially adapted to the cultivation of sugar beets. The crop averages 16 tons to the acre, that of the U. S. averages 11 tons per acre. A refinery is nearly completed at Grand Junction. When this is in operation sugar beets will be still more ex- tensively raised in the state. The Grand Junction Business Men's Beet Growers' Asscn. is doing much to foster the industry and will send full information on the subject. Sulphur Springs, county seat of Grand Co., 50 m. N. W. of Georgetown, on Colo. & So. Ry., the nearest railroad point. Daily stage. Alt. 8,000 ft. Pop. 150. Grand Lake 25 m. Fine scenery. Stock raising. Summit County is in the center of the state. 0©unty seat, Breckenridge. Assessed valuation $953,372. Principal in- dustry, mining. Value of output 1898: Gold $252,000, silver $296,000, copper $15,000, lead $60,000. The county will make a much better showing when it is better developed. Sunset, Boulder Co., 13 m. from Boulder, on Colo. & N. W. Ry., 43 m. from Denver. Pop. 175. Mining. Sunshine, Denver-Sunshine, monthlv averages, Denver, 1892 and 1898: Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Duration, hours and tenths, 1892 5.9 6.0 6.0 8.8 6.0 11.1 8.7 Duration, hours and tenths, 1898 6.8 7.8 8.4 8.8 7.5 10.0 10.8 Percentage of possible, 1892 60 56 55 66 74 59 73 Percentage of Possible, 1898 69 73 70 66 51 67 73 Sept Oct Nov Yearly Dec avgs 9.6 7.0 6.7 6.4 7.8 9.9 77 79 9.0 62 81 7.7 67 77 10.5 8.9 52 02 85 71 144 COLORADO HAND B' OK Aug Duration, hours and tenths, 1892 9.4 Duration, hours and tenths, 1898 10.1 Percentage of possible, '92.. 69 Percentage of possible, *98.. 74 149 clear days, 162 partly cloudy, 53 cloudy. Swallows, Pueblo, Co., on D. & R. G. and A., T. & S. F. R. Rs., 135 m. S. of Denver. Alt. 4,900 ft. Pop. 50. Symes, Jefferson Co, on Colo. & So. Ry., 30 m. W. of Denver. Pop. 100. Railroad point far West Creek mining district. Telegraph— There are 4,566 m. of telegraph and telephone lines in Colorado. The Western Union and the Postal Tele- graph Companies both operate in the state. These com- panies are connected with trans-Atlantic cable companies and messages can be sent all over the world. Rates to England 34c, to the Continent 54c to $1, to Manila $2.44 per word. In 1898 nearly 3,600,000 messages were received and sent from Denver alone. Telephones are in use in all the larger towns in the state. The Colorado Telephone Co. has long distance lines con- necting the various points, so that three-fourths of the population are within speaking distance. Rates for resi- dence telephones in Denver, from $2.50 per month upwards. There are 4,566 miles of telephone and telegraph lines in the state. Teller Connty— A new county covering the Cripple Creek mining district, formed of the western part of El Paso and the northeastern corner of Fremont counties. Cripple Creek is temporarily the county seat. Owing to the recent or- ganization in March, 1899, no statistics are available. All center of a rich mining district. Fine schools, churches, of which it was formerly part. Towns are entered in this book as being in the old counties. This will be thoroughly revised in the next edition. TellurJde, county seat of San Miguel Co., on R. G. S. COLORADO HAND BOOK 145 Map of Teller Coun' BmacToit Library R. R., 423 m. S. W. of Denver, fare via Ridgway $16.90, via Durango $23.05. Alt. 8,700 ft. Pop. 3,000. Beautifully situated in San Miguel Park, which is 6 m. long and % m. wide. The level park is surrounded with mountains rising abruptly thousands of feet above. It is the distributing center of a rich mining district. Fine schools, churches, residences and public buildings. Good hotel $3.00 per day. Opera house with 600 seats. Two banks and daily paper. Rich agricultural land in vicinity. Healthy and mild cli- mate. Bridal Veil Falls within 10 minutes' drive. Well known mines here are the Smuggler Union, Tom Boy and Japan. Temperature— Evaporation of perspiration reduces the heat of the body. This evaporation is greater in a dry climate. Hence people feel the heat less in Colorado than in the moister climate of the East. Sunstroke is unknown in Colorado for this reason. Mean temperature by months, Denver, 1898: Jan. 29.2, Feb. 37.8, March 35.7, April 49.4, May 53.0, June 67.0, July 72.4, Aug. 72.6, Sept. 61.9, Oct. 49.0, Nov. 35.2, Dec. 26.6. 146 COLORADO HAND BOOK Winter weather at Denver— Mean temperature: Oct. Nov. Dee. Jan. Feb. Mch. Apr. 7 a. m 40 30 25 15 25 30 37 3 p. m 62 48 40 35 41 49 55 11 p. m 49 35 29 26 31 39 46 Tennessee Pass, Eagle Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 283 m. W. of Denver. Alt. 10,200 ft. Pop. 25. Deer in vicinity. Tents and Awnings to the value of $175,000 were manu- factured in Denver in 1898. Territory-See Land. Theatres-Most of the larger towns have good theaters. Those in Denver are exceptionally good. The "Western circuit" attracts most of best actors in the country for occasional tom*s. Thornton,Mineral Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 311 m. S. W. of Denver, fare $14.80. Alt. 8,500 ft. Pop. 50. Postoffice for Wagon Wheel Gap. Good fishing. See also Wagon Wheel Gap. Ti mber— S ee F ores ts . Trimble Hot Springs, La Plata Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 460 m. S. W. of Denver. Alt. 6,500 ft. Pop. 75. Situated in the beautiful Animas Canon. Two mineral springs 130° F., of great curative value. First-class bathing accommoda- tion. Fine summer hotel $2.00 per day. • Good trout fish- ing. Excepti^onal climate and picturesque scenery. Trinidad, county seat of Las Animas Co., 210 m. S. of Denver, fare $8.15. Alt. 6,000 ft. Pop. 8,000. On Colo. & So. Ry., D. & R. G. and A., T. & S. F. Rs. Center of the largest coal belt in the U. S. It also has rich deposits of clays and stone in vicinity, also rich agricultural and graz- ing lands. Fine schools, churches and residences and all modern improvements. Excellent climate and fine scenery. It has many manufacturing interests, including a $200,000 rolling mill. Good hotels $1.00 to $3.00 per day. It is the principal city of Southern Colorado. Trout— See Fishing. Trout Lake, San Miguel Co., 428 m. S. W. of Denver on D. & R. G. R. R. Fruit raising and agriculture. Elevation 9,802 ft. Truck Gardening is carried on extensively in the neighbor- hood of all the cities and larger towns. The demand for these products being always greater than the home supply, COLORADO HAND BOOK 147 good prices prevail and make this a profitable occupation. One firm alone has 3,000 acres under irrigation near Denver which it is selling in 5 and 10-acre garden tracts. The Oastlewood dam was built especially to provide water for these tracts. The gardener who comes to Colorado is sure of good returns for his labor. See also Fruit, Vegetables. Trunks to the value of ^60,000 were manufactured In Denver in 1898. Twin Lakes, I^ke Co., ou Colo. & So., D. & R. G. R. R. and O. Mid. Ry., 174 m. S. W. of Denver. Alt. 9,360 ft. l*op. 500. The massive Collegiate Range, 14,000 to 15,000 ft. in height, are mirrored in the placid waters of the lakes. Noted health and pleasure resort and mining town. Good hotel $2.00 i^r day. Climate cool in summer. Splendid trout fishing. Site of Branch U. S. Fish Hatchery. U Uneompahg^re rioiintains— This range is short and runs from west to east. It contains some verj^ high mountains, usually at right angles to the chain. Uncompahgre, 14,419 ft., Hinsdale 'Co., nearest point, Uuray. The Wetterhorn, 14,0(i9 ft., Hinsdale Co., nearest point, Ouray. United n^xlerns— A fraternal benefit order founded in Denver in 1897. Has 3,000 members; issue insurance up to $10,000, including accident and old age benefits. Oper- ates in Colorado, Oliio, Virginia, Arkansas, Texas, Iowa, New Mexico, Nebraska, Arizona, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, California, Oregon and Oklahoma up to May, 1899. Extending each month. Has a reserve of $35,000. Otticers, E. M. Johnson, Supreme Chancellor; E. W. Smith, Supreme Recorder; Dr. G. N. Maeomber, Supreme Medical Examiner; E. S. Irish, Supreme Financier; E. M. Elliott and W L. S towers, Supreme Organizers; M. B. Johnson, Supreme Regent; P. J. Dempsey, Supreme War- den. Ottices, 825 IGth Street, Denver. University of Colorado, at Boulder, James H. Baker, Frest. Supponed by the state and free to residents. Full college course for both sexes. Students' living expenses JF210. Income '98 $70,000. No. of pupils 700. Compares favorably with eastern colleges and has departments of law, medicine, applied science, music, a preparatory school 148 COLORADO HAND BOOK and a library of 19,000 vols. For full particulars apply to the president. Valuation— The assessed valuation of all property in the state in 1898 Avas $192,263,085. This is about oue-third of the market value. Wealth per capita, $2,780. Vance, San JNJiguel Co., on R. G. S. R. R., 417 m. S. W. of Vegetables— See also Ti-uck Gardening. Denver, fare $16.45. Alt. 8,100 ft. Pop. 60. Trout, bear, deer, lynx, mountain lion, mountain sheep, rabbits and grouse in vicinity. Veta Pass, (9,393 ft.), in Las Animas Co., affords one of the most beautiful and extensive views in the state. The building of the D. & R. G. R. R. over the pass is one of the most remarkable engineering achievements. The "Mule- shoe curve" is the sharpest known to engineers. The plains to the E. stretch to the dim horizon. The stupendous moun- tains of the Spanish Peakc' rise to the W. Victor, Teller Co., on Midland Terminal and Florence & Cripple Creek R. Rs. and C. C. Electric Ry., 125 m. S. of Denver, fare $5.75. Alt. 9,700 ft. Pop. 5,000. One of the richest mining camps in the Cripple Creek district. Site of Independence, Portland, Gold Coin and other famous mines. Beautifully situated on Battle and Squaw moun- tains. Fine schools, churches and buildings. Two daily papers. Fine opera house with 1,000 seats now being con- structed. All modern improvements. Fine scenery and healthy climate. Villa Grove, Saguache Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 247 m. S. of Denver, fare $7.80. Alt. 8,000 ft. Pop. 300. Trout and deer in vicinity. W Wages have fallen since 1893 but are still from 20 to 30 per cent, higher than in eastern states. This applies more to laborers and mechanics than to clerks, as so many of the latter are attracted here in search of health. COLORADO HAND BOOK 149 WEALTH PER CAPITA EASt AND WEST Montana . $3,420 Colorado . . . 2,780 Utah 1.681 Nevada .... 3,941 Idaho 2.464 Average . . New Hampshire $ 863 Vermont .... 799 Rhode Island . 1.459 New York . . 1.430 Pennsylvania . 1,177 $2,859 Average $1,145 WAGES IN COLORADO t 1890 U 8 CENSUS ^ Average annual wages of ? operatives, skilled and un- ^ skilled, over sixteen, in ^ manufacturing establish- jt ments $685.00 J In Connecticut .... 543.00 | In Illinois 547.00 ■ In Massachusetts . . . 540.00 : In Ohio 489.00 ; Wages in other lines of work 3 were equally as high. Since ; 1893 they have fallen, but are '■ still from 20 per cent, to 30 per : cent, higher than In most of the ; S Eastern States. Wagon Wheel Gap, Rio Grande Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 311 m. S. W. of Denver, fare $14.80. Alt. 8,500 ft. Pop. 25. One cold and several hot springs, 140° to 150° F., possess great medical value. Good bathing accommodation. Hotels $2.00 to $3.00 per day. Magnificent scenery and de- lightful climate. Antelope Park, 20 m. W. Good hunting and fishing. Trout and game of all kinds in vicinity. Walden, I^arimer Co., 110 m. W. of Fort Collins. The only town in North Park. Alt. 8,000 ft. Pop. 100. Stock raising. Walsenburg, county seat of Huerfano Co., on Colo. & So. and D. &, R. G. R. Rs., 176 m. S. W. of Denver, fare $6.70. Alt. 6,100 ft. Pop. 1,300. Opera house with 250 seats. Hotel $2.00 per day. 3 large lakes, well stocked with trout, 2% m. distant. Ward, Boulder Co., on Colo. & N. W. Ry., 56 m. N. W. of DeuA'er. Pop. 1,000. Rich mining camp in Boulder Co. Gold Belt. Six stamp mills. Washingi:on County is in the N. E. County seat, Akron. Assessed valuation, $741,778. It has 257,000 acres of agri- cultural land. Principal industries, agriculture and stock raising. It has 2,500 horses, 18,000 cattle. 25,000 sheep. Crop, 1898: Wheat 10,000 bus., oats 15,000 bus., corn 20,000 150 COLORADO HAND BOOK bus., hay 20,000 tons. Placer deposits of gold, clay, kaolin and fre«h water lime have been ^ound. Watermelons— See Melons. Water Power— The water power of the state is suflScient to oijerate all the machinery of the world. Divided as fol- lows: North Platte, 206,000 horse power; S. Platte, 731,000 h. p.; Arkansas, 473,000 h. p.; Rio Grande, 144,000 h. p.; San Juan, 576,000 h. p.; Grand river, 2,068,000 h. p.; Green river, 927,000 h. p. A small portion of this is utilized in tlie mines, etc. Water is conducted through ditches and flumes to a power house, where it is transformed into elec- trical energy, which is then supplied to plants by wire. Total water power, 5,145,000 h. p. Commercially available, 1,000,000 h. p. Projected undertakings will use 71,000 h, p. Only 7,000 h. p. now in use. Water Supply— Tliis is derived chiefly from the pure mountain streams. It is more than adequate in all the towns and superior in quality to that found in the Middle West. Waunita, Gunnison Co., 8 m. from Parlin, on D. & R. G. R. R., the nearest railroad point. Alt. 8,000 ft. Numer- ous warm springs beneficial to rheumatism and Bright's disease. Good hotel and bathing facilities. Splendid cli-. mate and scenery. Wealth— See Valuation. Weather— See Climate, Rain, Sunshine, Wind. Weld County is in the N. E. County seat, Greeley. As- sessed valuation, $7,771,638. It has 341.723 acres of agri- cultural, 767,000 acres of grazing and 1,700 acres of coal lands. Principal industry, agriculture, particularly potato growing. Crops 1898: Wheat 900,(X)0 bus., oats 100,000 bus., corn 50,000 bus., potatoes 4,000 cajloads. Value of rive stock, horses, etc., $276,000, cattle $700,000, sheep $165,- 000, swine $20,000. Poultry and dairy produced are shipped extensively. Wellsville, Fremont Co. Howard, on D. & R. G. R. R., is the nearest railroad point. Alt. 6,900 ft. Valuable hot mineral springs. Beautifully situated in the Canon of the Arkansas. Western Slope is the term applied to the basins of the Gunnison, Grand and Dolores rivers to the W. of the Saguache Mtns. It is the most productive fruit section in COLORADO HAND BOOK 151 the state. It is a vast plateau larger in extent than Eng- land. Wheat— The largest wheat section is in the N. of the state. The crop in 1898 was 5,000,000 bushels, valued at $3,500,000. More than three-fourths of this is exported, principally to Texas and, via Galveston, to Europe. There are 32 elevators and 50 flour mills in Colorado. Whitewater, Mesa Co., on D. & R. G. E. R., 413 m. W. of Denver, fare $15.00. Alt. 4,700 ft. Pop. 100. Agricul- ture and fruit-growing. Trout, 15 m; deer within 25 m. Wind -Cyclones are unknown in Colorado. The highest velocity at Denver lil 1808 was 58 m. per hour. Prevailing direction is from the S. There is usually a cool breeze in summer, which makes the days, and especially the nights, enjoyable. Windsor, Weld Co., on Colo. & So. Ry., 86 m. N. of Denver, fare $2.75, round trip $3.70. Alt. 4,800 ft. Pop. 4CM). Agriculture and trading point. Wolcott, Eagle Co., on D. & R. G. R. R., 325 m. W. of Denver, fare $11.15. Alt. 7,000 ft. Pop. 150. Stage to Steamboat Springs. Ti'out, deer, elk and bear in vicinity. I WOOL I Sheep In Colorado In 1894: Number of Sheep .. 1.275.000 Average weight of fleece . 7 lbs. Total wool clip . 8,861,328 lbs Woman— Over 40 per cent, of the population is female. Women's clubs are flourishing in all the larger towns and interest themselves in charity, education and reform. Woman suffrage was, in accordance with the constitution, submitted to a popular vote in '93 and was carried by 35,- 798 votes for and 29,451 against.. It has not materially affected the political situation, nor has it destroyed home life, as some prophets foretold. The growth of women's clubs and the interest of women in public affairs has been very much greater since equal suffrage w^as adopted. Read also Brown's "History of Woman Suffrage in Colorado." 152 COLORADO HAND BOOK Woman's wearto the value of $7,500 was manufactured in Den\er in 1898. Wool— See Sheep. Wray, Yuma Co., on B. & M. R. R. R., 165 m. E. of Denver. Pop. 300. Agriculture. Yuma, county seat of Yuma Co., 138 m. E. of Denver on B. & M. R. R. R., fare $5.55. Pop. 800. Hotel $2.(H) per day. Agriculture and stock raising. Yuma County is in the N. E. Cotmty seat, Yuma. As- sessed valuation, $907,074. Agricultural land 240,000 acres. It is in the rainbelt and its principal industries are agri- culture and stock raising. Zinc is being mined near Leadville, in Upper Clear Creek and at Creede. It is used largely for zinc concentrates in the treatment plants. QT SPRINGS MOTPI AND -3^-J^ I Ivy I l_L 57\NIT7\RIUn J. L. PRENTISS, M. D., MANAGER ^S^^^^ HOT MINERAL BATHS ... 25 CENTS TO |1.00 RATES ... |1.00 TO |2.00 PER DAY ^^^^^ CANON CITY, COLO..<^One Mile West of Depot in ii^^4.*fe!Jii:yipii'' , *l