YOUNG OFEG'S DITTIES
 
 BY GEORGE EGERTON. 
 
 Uniform with this. 
 Keynotes. 35. 6d. net. 
 
 (Sixth Edition ntnv Ready.) 
 
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 YOUNG OFEG'S DITTIES 
 
 BY OLA HANSSON 
 
 TRANSLATED FROM 
 THE SWEDISH BY 
 
 GEORGE EGERTON 
 
 LONDON: JOHN LANE, VIGO ST 
 BOSTON: ROBERTS BROS., 1895
 
 INTRODUCTORY NOTE 
 
 IT has been urged upon me by 
 many that translation is an unworthy 
 form of literature ; and with this 
 view I entirely agree, if the trans- 
 lator be not in such sympathy with 
 the writer he endeavours to give in 
 his own tongue, as to make trans- 
 lation a labour of love, and not 
 merely a branch of literary trade. 
 In offering this necessarily poor 
 version of these beautiful prose 
 poems, which are an exposition of 
 Friedrich Nietzche's triumphant 
 doctrine of the Ego, / am not 
 
 5
 
 alone actuated by my individual 
 admiration of Ola Hanssoris 
 writings, but also by a desire to 
 make known to others one of the 
 most remarkable writers of our 
 day. 
 
 Ola Hansson is the youngest and 
 most striking personality amongst 
 Scandinavian writers. He was 
 born on the \2.th of November 
 1860, in Skane (Skania), the most 
 southern province in Sweden. His 
 family is one of the oldest in the 
 province, and have held the same 
 estate for many centuries as free- 
 hold proprietors. Herr Olds father 
 was the first to marry an outsider, 
 and his eldest brother the first to 
 enter a University for the dis- 
 
 6
 
 tinguishing characteristic of such 
 families in Sweden is jealousy of 
 innovation, tenacity in the preserva- 
 tion of family tradition, and inter- 
 marriage. He joined the University 
 at Lund, and passed a brilliant ex- 
 amination in philosophy as one year's 
 student, but the expectation that he 
 would be a shining light as lecturer 
 was not fulfilled, as he devoted him- 
 self to letters. 
 
 After his return to Skania he 
 issued his first book, " Sensitiva 
 Amorosa" in which he broke new 
 ground in literature : that of physi- 
 ological mysticism, with which he 
 plumbed greater depths in the 
 mysteries of human life than even 
 the Ibsen, Bjornson, or Strindberg
 
 problem-plays had led one to believe 
 possible. As the niceties of his 
 psychology and the peculiar depths 
 of his analysis met, not alone with 
 little understanding, but called down 
 a storm of opprobrium and scurril- 
 ous personal attacks from the press, 
 he left his native land and settled 
 finally in Germany ; and here he 
 gained in a few years a leading 
 position as poet and critic in the 
 newer school of letters. 
 
 His fame spread from Germany 
 to France, where attention was first 
 drawn to him by the publication 
 of " Young Ofeg's Ditties" His 
 numerous lyrical and critical works 
 have been translated into most 
 European languages, and every 
 
 8
 
 new issue of his pen is hailed 
 with eagerness. Most of his work 
 is in striking affinity with the 
 atmosphere of erotic mysticism that 
 pervades the paintings of Mr Burne 
 Jones, so much so that Amor and 
 Psyche, King Cophetua, and Chant 
 (f Amour might serve as illustra- 
 tions of some of Ola Hanssons 
 moods, save that they are lacking 
 a little in the sensuous intensity of 
 the latter s work. 
 
 Something of the Skanian atmo- 
 sphere has crept into his nature: the 
 flat land, the ever-varying delicate 
 nuances of the seasons, the shifting 
 lights, the wayward moods peculiar 
 to each time of the year, all find echo 
 in his impressionable soul.
 
 As poet, psychological novelist, 
 masterly essayist, and individual 
 critic, he is one of the most striking 
 literary phenomena of the age he 
 is the incarnation of the nervous 
 life of to-day. He is a specialist 
 in psychology, a pathological hunter 
 in the terra incognita of the human 
 soul; laying bare hidden places 
 with the sure, deft touch of a 
 skilled surgeon. He writes by the 
 light of some inner illumination; 
 feels with delicate intellectual an- 
 tenncz uncommon to ordinary hu- 
 manity. He is a master in the 
 diagnosis of the elusive emotions 
 that flit like shadows across the 
 hearts and minds of men. His 
 writings are distinguished by 
 
 10
 
 melancholy sentiment, delicate, 
 dainty joy, and sympathetic sorrow 
 with the fruitless struggle of man 
 with adverse circumstances, and 
 the enigmatical forces in his own 
 being. The peculiar rhythm of his 
 prose adapts itself to his moods, 
 fixes the fleeting expressions, the 
 changeful colours, and the scarcely 
 audible undertones of life. 
 
 He is an aristocrat in letters, for 
 the few, not the many. " Sensitiva 
 Amorosa " and " Parais" (Pariahs), 
 are the most individual of his many 
 novels ; they give the psycho-physio- 
 logical key to all his subsequent 
 work. 
 
 As critic he aims to grip the 
 characteristic, the individual, in a
 
 writer s nature, to probe to the man 
 behind the work to interpret both. 
 "Interpreters and Seers" * " Young 
 Scandinavia" "Friedrich Nietzche, 
 His Personality and His System" 
 with a pamphlet on "Materialism 
 in Belles Lett res" have placed him 
 in the foremost rank as a critic. 
 
 As writer he has worked against 
 the heaviest odds. He published 
 most of his earliest works without 
 the slightest pecuniary return and 
 he has been absolutely true to the 
 principles of his art. 
 
 As a man who has seen all, staked 
 all, lost faith, and is yet not embit- 
 tered, his personality is interesting. 
 
 * The translation of this I hope to complete shortly, 
 before undertaking his novels. 
 
 12
 
 He watches the game of life with a 
 ('tis true) somewhat weary interest, 
 but his heart is full of pity, and his 
 noble sensitive soul answers to every 
 chord in the existence of humanity. 
 His keenness of vision pertains al- 
 most to second sight, he reads men, 
 with the complexity of their motives 
 and the duality of their being, with 
 appalling ease. He is a poet who 
 is likewise a seer. 
 
 GEORGE EGERTON.
 
 I.
 
 SCANDINAVIA was hushed in the greatness 
 and silence of a winter's night. The sky was 
 thickly studded with stars and the countries 
 slept. 
 
 The moon rose. It gleamed upon Sulitelma's 
 crest and up from the white farms in Skane. 
 The shadows lay in long slants, gliding toward 
 the East softly and imperceptibly, as thoughts 
 that have never found words ; and the stars 
 glimmered so vividly, that if a living being 
 had been there he might have heard how 
 they trembled through the silence. 
 
 But no living thing appeared in the night, 
 for all things slept : in field and wood, on sea 
 and cabin, in village and town. 
 
 Suddenly a form rose up by Kolmarden's 
 woods, taller than the tallest pine tree, broad 
 in the shoulders as Kolen's ridge. He cast a 
 shadow across the land like a Titan's pall, 
 and it was so long that it enveloped all 
 B 17
 
 Stockholm, and dropped its other end into 
 the Gulf of Bothnia. 
 
 And his eyes had the sinister, furtive look 
 of a criminal's ; and when he lifted his face 
 upwards, so that the moonlight fell upon it, 
 it revealed such depths of disquiet and tortured 
 conscience that the shadows paused and the 
 stars ceased to tremble. And the form groaned 
 groaned with a despair so unspeakable, so 
 unfathomable, that children shrank in their 
 cradles and grown-up folk had bad dreams. 
 And the night stood silently as if waiting to 
 hear something ; but no living thing seemed 
 to exist except the solitary figure on Kol- 
 marden. 
 
 Yet there was another awake : the great 
 Spirit, he who is so great that he can never 
 be seen by mortal eye by some called Time, 
 by others Fate, by others again Justice or the 
 Judge. 
 
 He was reposing in space, Orion's Belt gird- 
 ing his loins, his armpits resting on the wagon 
 pole of Charles' Wain, his hair of grizzled 
 eld streaming out betwixt the hemispheres 
 18
 
 called by men the Milky Way, and his eye 
 gleamed in his forehead, and the light of it 
 fell through the Northern Night over the 
 solitary figure on Kolmarden. " Judas ! " 
 the word echoed through the night with a 
 sound as when stones fall upon ice. Then the 
 figure cowered as under the grip of a giant's 
 hand, and his eyes stared wildly about him, 
 and a look as of millions of stifled screams of 
 terror gathered upon his face. But the night 
 stood silently around him, and no living being 
 seemed to exist. 
 
 " Judas ! " it echoed a second time. And he 
 knew not whence the voice came, for the 
 great Spirit is so infinitely great that he can 
 never be seen by mortal eye ; and when he 
 looked at the stars that shivered, he thought 
 it was they who had spoken ; and when he 
 watched the slanting shadows he thought it 
 was they ; and when he noticed the silence 
 and the solitude around him, he made sure 
 that it was their voice and nought else that 
 he had heard. 
 
 "Judas!" it echoed for the third time, and 
 19
 
 everything spoke, and nothing spoke, and it 
 was outside him, and it was inside him. And 
 then he laughed, laughed as a man laughs 
 in the madness of terror ; and it echoed through 
 the night, and he listened to his own laugh ; 
 and when a while had passed, it still sounded 
 as if a hundred thousand people were laughing 
 far off in the midst of the sleeping towns. 
 
 And again the voice sounded : " What sin 
 have you committed to-day ? " 
 
 "I have not sinned to-day," answered the 
 figure. 
 
 " Then why is your conscience troubled ? " 
 
 " My conscience is not troubled." 
 
 "Then why did you shrink when you heard 
 my voice ? and why did you groan ? I will 
 tear the bandages off the wounds in your con- 
 science, so you may see that they still bleed ; 
 I will conjure forth all your sins, and they will 
 grip your soul like bloodhounds. So set your 
 heels against the side of the cliff, and wind 
 your arm about the wood, for your legs will 
 sink under you at what you are about to hear." 
 
 Then the figure shivered from the crown of 
 20
 
 his head to the soles of his feet, so that Kol- 
 marden's woods bent as if the storm had whirled 
 through them. And he sank upon his knees, 
 and he dashed his head upon the rocks and 
 cried : 
 
 " I am not Judas ! I am not Judas ! " 
 " You are the corpse-blood of life, the cor- 
 ruption of humanity. Your soul is leprous, 
 your heart's blood black, your brain filth. 
 Amongst the children of men there is not one 
 to be found who is such a shame to the race 
 as you. Were one to ransack all prisons and 
 all the dwelling-places of vice never would 
 one find your equal. For you are the silent 
 consenter, you have kept silent ; kept silent 
 all your life, kept silent when you ought to 
 have spoken, bartered your soul for silence' 
 sake, lost your peace of conscience. 'Tis true 
 you never jeered at him who stood in the 
 pillory, but kept silent ; you never held the 
 pincers whilst others tore the heart out of the 
 body of the witness to the truth, but you kept 
 silent ; you were not amongst those who har- 
 nessed pregnant women to your chariot, but 
 
 21
 
 you used them and kept silent; you never 
 lashed your labourers to greater exertion until 
 the blood spurted from the poor broken down 
 wretches, but you looked on while others did 
 it, and you kept silent. You would have kept 
 silent if your own father had been dragged by 
 his grey hairs, your own mother violated in 
 your presence. 
 
 " But mark now my words, when the day of 
 judgment comes, the great day of doom, when 
 all the races of the earth shall be judged, and 
 all the worlds will be empty, and eternity stand 
 waiting in silence and trembling then I will 
 cause the portals of my mansion to be closed : 
 and I will arise and say : Ye all, no matter what 
 sins ye have committed, they are forgiven ye 
 ye weak ones who could never resist the 
 tempter, and ye leaders who tempted, I for- 
 give ye. Purge your hands from impurity and 
 blood, and clothe ye in festive garments, and 
 enter ye into the everlasting joys ! I forgive 
 ye, all ! All except one ! 
 
 " And then I will point to you, you silent 
 consenter, and I will cause the doors of my
 
 mansions to be thrown open, and I will 
 shew you the desolate, empty worlds, and 
 say : You who let injustice be, well knowing 
 it was injustice ; you who looked on coldly, 
 although you had hands to help ; you who 
 betrayed your brethren by silent consent, 
 when you might have saved them by a 
 word ; you who possessed the truth and 
 spake it not ; who walked in silence past the 
 interminable row of witnesses crucified for 
 the sake of truth ; you cowardly man of 
 silence, whose name is Judas forgiveness will 
 never be yours, never in eternity. You shall 
 wander through the desolate spheres, and you 
 will never be able to pause, and you will never 
 find death, and the spheres will never cease 
 to be, and they will be always a little desolate ; 
 and the silence will drive you mad, and you 
 shall howl like dogs at midnight, and you 
 shall scream like a man possessed, and shriek 
 with laughter in the madness of terror as you 
 laughed a while ago, but no one will hear 
 you, no one answer you, nought but the 
 echo of your own voice, rolling on through 
 23
 
 the dead infinities, the one sound, the one 
 living thing to be found." 
 
 The figure sprang up and his shadow fell 
 across the moonlit land like the grotesquely 
 magnified shadow of a human head upon 
 a white wall ; and he stretched his hands 
 heavenwards, and his eyes darted out of 
 their sockets, and he fell on his face, crashing 
 like a giant tree. And the dawn flamed, 
 and the cocks crew the land around, and 
 men woke in their beds bathed in a night- 
 mare of sweat.
 
 II.
 
 -
 
 MANKIND seemed trivial and life meaning- 
 less. The thoughts of some were lighter than 
 feathers, and of others more void than ether. 
 And although I tested all human efforts 
 under the magnifier, they never seemed larger 
 than the millionth part of a grain of sand, 
 and all worths were as circles or cyphers. 
 
 As the day waned towards eventide I went 
 out into the forest. Autumn had come, and it 
 was already far advanced towards the night of 
 the year. The ground was sodden under my 
 feet, and the water trickled down the trunks 
 of the green trees, and only a few skeleton 
 leaves still hung upon the naked tree tops. 
 
 But high above me the storm raged and the 
 crown of the forest shivered. It lulled, it rose 
 again, and I heard voices, not feeble, such as 
 of men, but the mighty ones that echo through 
 the spheres. 
 
 First came a lament, wild, piercing, as if a 
 27
 
 knife had been thrust through the heart of 
 the universe. That was the forest that writhed. 
 
 " Why do you complain ? " roared the Storm. 
 
 " I am weary," answered the Forest, " weary 
 in my very soul, weary with age and suffering. 
 Now I am shedding my leaves, then I shall 
 become white again, and yet I shall not die, 
 for again the sap will rise and the green leaves 
 shoot. If only one could die die ! I am 
 weary, weary of my very soul." 
 
 " You tired of life, who have scarcely yet 
 begun to live ! Shake off your rotten leaves and 
 feel how already the new Spring begins to well 
 up in you. Look at me who saw you birthed 
 and who will see you die, who lived long before 
 Nature even dreamed of you, and who will still 
 live when she will have lost you even as a 
 memory. Look at me : I have borne the 
 weight of all the worlds upon my shoulders, 
 through years for whose endless length there 
 exists no number, and yet I am as straight in the 
 back as when I played and leaped an urchin 
 over the water wastes before the egg of the 
 world had got its shell. Through me it is that 
 28
 
 mankind connect their thoughts ; for I am the 
 swiftest of all messengers. Do you not see the 
 load I bear upon my back and in my hands ? " 
 
 "What is it? I know it not, it looks so 
 strange, and I never hear aught from men." 
 
 " Not for two thousand years have I carried 
 so heavy a burden before ; for the race that 
 lives now has been working at the sorriest 
 smiths'-work known to man : forging the screws 
 for its own coffin." 
 
 And the Storm scattered a handful out over 
 the lands. 
 
 " Is that death you are sowing ? " asked the 
 Forest. 
 
 " It is fire, it is sulphur," answered the Storm, 
 " it is poison and two-edged swords. For man- 
 kind shall shuffle off the old coils." 
 
 " Relate," said the Forest. 
 
 And the Storm paused awhile, resting like 
 a bird on its wings, and its keen, wise eyes 
 scanned all the countries round. 
 
 " Two thousand years ago there lived a man 
 called Jesus. He it was who first said that 
 the weak should possess the earth, and as the 
 29
 
 descendants of the slaves became rich and 
 powerful they either burned at the stake or 
 hanged on the gallows all those who refused to 
 believe their belief. 
 
 " But below the few who sat on thrones and 
 ate off gold slaves' sons who had become 
 masters stood new millions of slaves. They 
 thronged outside the portals of the masters' 
 strongholds, one black inconceivable mass, that 
 peoples the earth ; and whenever they saw 
 windows gleaming, or heard the clink of gold 
 or men who were joyous, they forgot that the 
 masters too were the sons of slaves, and they 
 stoned his image, which was placed outside the 
 city gates, with the face of a dove and the body 
 of an ascetic. And they raised a cry of ven- 
 geance against their own God and against his 
 votaries, their brethren, just because the latter 
 were inside, whilst they themselves were shut out. 
 
 " Do you hear the cry ? Yesterday I raised 
 it upon my wings, to-day it shrieks with me 
 across the world, for the hour of change is at 
 hand, and the kingdom of the slaves is divided 
 against itself.
 
 " Do you hear how it batters against the iron 
 portals ; do you hear how the windows crash ; 
 do you hear how the image totters on the 
 ancient altar, worm-eaten wood as it was ? Do 
 you hear those strokes as of a giant wielding 
 an axe ? Do you know what it is ? It is the 
 slaves chopping the tree in whose crown they 
 themselves have built their nest, but that is so 
 great that they do not notice it is their own 
 tree. They imagine it is their enemies', for their 
 God has stricken them with blindness, and all 
 slaves are stupid. To-morrow the world of the 
 slave will burn and they will themselves be the 
 incendiaries. And the night will be scarlet and 
 my breath will be hot and blasting, so that 
 even you will shrivel up as a shaving. 
 
 " And when the new day dawns and the sun 
 rises, the kingdoms of the earth will lie in 
 ashes, and the tree of the slaves will be a 
 charred trunk, and the sap will have dried in 
 its veins. But upon the desolate plain two 
 hosts will stand opposed ; the hordes of the one 
 will be reckoned in millions, for the slaves will 
 always be the many, and they will be like unto 
 31
 
 a black cloud on the morning sky. Those 
 who stand opposite them will be few, but they 
 will shine with the brightness of dawn. And 
 then there will be a stir in the black cloud, and 
 a man will step forward in the likeness of 
 a slave with a black-avised face, cunning eyes, 
 and low hair-covered forehead ; and then a 
 gleam will appear in the sun-host, and again 
 a man will step forward, but of his beauty no 
 man can say aught, for such an one has not yet 
 been seen upon earth, for it is the Master, the 
 only true sovereign, he who was stolen as 
 a child by the demon of the slaves and left to 
 perish miserably, and who, unknowing of his 
 birth-right, grew up in the wilderness where no 
 slave had set his foot ; and then the last great 
 duel will be fought, the duel between the master 
 and the slave, the cloud and the suns. And 
 such a cry of jubilation as I then shall raise has 
 never yet been heard upon earth." 
 
 And the Storm rose once more upon its 
 wings and floated away, and the woods stood 
 still and listened, and when I lifted up my 
 eyes the sky behind the naked forest crowns 
 was glittering with stars. 
 32
 
 III. 
 
 33
 

 
 THERE was once upon a time a manikin who 
 wandered through the woods the whole night 
 long, where the glow worms sparkled in the 
 gloom. And when the morning came he stood 
 at the fringe of the wood and watched the 
 sun rise above the ocean. 
 
 Then the manikin sat down on the shore and 
 wept. And when he raised his eyes again he 
 saw the great Sea God resting on the surface 
 of the waters. He lay stretched in all his 
 length, with his arms folded, resting his head 
 on his hands. His robe of green silk floated 
 loosely round his body and glistened humidly 
 when the waves lapped ; and his hair streamed 
 far out to the uttermost end of the sea like 
 a broad streak of sunlight ; and his green eyes 
 rested on the manikin, who sat upon the strand 
 and wept. 
 
 " Why do you cry ? " asked he. 
 
 " I've lost my way," answered the manikin. 
 35
 
 " I wandered the whole night through, and I am 
 weary. I want to sleep, but I cannot ; I want 
 to go home, but I hate home ; I am sick of 
 life." 
 
 " Well, you have got death," said the Sea God. 
 
 " I can't die," answered the manikin, and he 
 shuddered ; " life has been so beautiful, and I 
 am so young." 
 
 " Well, then, go to my brother Pan," said 
 the Sea God. 
 
 At that the manikin laughed ironically : 
 
 " He offered me flowers, but when I went to 
 pluck them they turned into butterflies and flew 
 on their way, and when I caught a butterfly a 
 maggot remained in my hand. Your brother 
 Pan is a rogue." 
 
 " Well, then, come to me," said the Sea God. 
 
 " What will you give me ? " 
 
 " I will give you salt and sunshine, and a 
 great prospect" 
 
 " You are so big you frighten me." 
 
 The Sea God lifted a periwinkle in his palm : 
 " And yet I find room in this tiny thing,'' 
 said he. 
 
 36
 
 " But you look so stern, and your face is so 
 lone-lorn." 
 
 Then the Sea God laughed, and his laugh 
 rippled like sun-ray across the sea ; and he lifted 
 his hand, and the depths parted, and the 
 manikin gazed into a crimson coral cave slung 
 with delicate green creepers, and its walls were 
 a mosaic of pearls. 
 
 " But I'm bound," he cried, in distress of soul. 
 " Let me go ! for I love a woman." 
 
 Again the Sea God laughed at the manikin. 
 
 " Child," said he, " you say my brother Pan is 
 a rogue, and yet you have never found out his 
 greatest piece of roguery." 
 
 And he dipped his little finger in the ocean, 
 and a whirlpool arose, flinging great drops of 
 spray that resembled green pearls, and foam 
 that shimmered like unto a silver white veil in 
 the sunlight. And under the veil the manikin 
 saw a woman's face, fairer than any he had 
 hitherto seen. And the Sea God breathed upon 
 it, and it vanished as a puff of smoke, dis- 
 solved into space. 
 
 Then the manikin stood up, and the ground 
 37
 
 slipped from under his feet, and slid away and 
 rolled itself together far under the horizon, and 
 he saw himself as a little dark speck on the 
 boundless ocean under the boundless sky, and 
 there was a silence as if all life had died, and 
 the sun shone solitary in the universe. 
 
 And the manikin nestled with a feeling of 
 unfathomable security close to the heart of 
 the mighty solitude.
 
 IV.
 
 I WAS twenty years old when I went out into 
 the world to seek happiness. I wandered both 
 long and unceasingly, I wandered both far and 
 near. Yet I found her not. The world lay like 
 an inert mass, life lacked colour, and men con- 
 cerned me not. There was nothing to which 
 I could attach myself, and I was far from 
 sufficient to myself. 
 
 So I consulted books. " Love a woman," 
 said they, " for love alone can reveal to you the 
 hidden meanings of things and the beauty of 
 existence. Love a woman ; and you will hear 
 harps in the air, and feel sunshine in your soul, 
 and happiness will fly into your mouth of 
 its own accord, like the roast sparrows of 
 Schlaraffenland." 
 
 Then I set out to seek the woman, and I 
 
 found her one day at the forest quell. Every 
 
 morning and every evening for five years I bore 
 
 her water cruse, and so she became mine. But 
 
 41
 
 when I had owned her for three days and three 
 nights, I saw an earwig in the apple of her eye, 
 and a maggot in the corner of her mouth, and 
 I left her. 
 
 Again I consulted books. " Men never find 
 happiness," said they, " unless they find hearth 
 and home, and wife and child." So I fastened 
 a hobble to my leg, and put my head into the 
 social halter ; but when I found that the iron 
 still ate into my soul and that they wanted me 
 to grind the seed I desired to sow for a future 
 ingathering into meal for the common larder, 
 I jumped up, turned my house on end, and 
 went out into the King's highway. 
 
 And one man pointed a finger at me, and 
 the other called insulting names, and the 
 children pelted me with stones, and the grown- 
 up folk with rotten fruit, and every window 
 was propped full of jeering people. Then I 
 quitted the town and went out into the world, 
 and ascended a high mountain. Behind me, 
 down in the valleys, lay the dwelling-places of 
 men, with all their thousand towns ; I had 
 an endless bird's-eye view of them, and they 
 42
 
 appeared as a single ant heap, but in front of 
 me the mountains sank perpendicularly into 
 an abyss of the bottom of which I could get 
 no glimpse; and a murmur whispered in the air 
 as when a multitude speaks, thousands of voices 
 and yet only one, and it was a human voice 
 but as if it came from a giant riding on the 
 whirl of the storm: 
 
 " What is called happiness in the world you 
 have forsaken is nothing more than the petty 
 phantasies of petty minds, a toy for children ; 
 but the great happiness in the face of which 
 you shrink as you shrink now before the 
 mountain cleft, she is fearful in her majesty, as 
 is everything great. If you dare not the leap, 
 turn back, for then you are fit for the small 
 happiness of the world ; but if you desire to 
 attain the greater, hurl yourself headlong into 
 the depths. But bear in mind : your fate is 
 concealed from you, no one knows what the 
 black gulf hides except those who have seen 
 it with their own eyes, and there is no return 
 journey for those once down. Dare win 
 
 with shut eyes with set teeth " 
 
 43
 
 I am going to the new world that he alone 
 sees who has quitted the abodes of men, and 
 from which there is no return road. And my 
 thoughts circle round my head like birds, and 
 the most delicate moods of my soul take butter- 
 fly form, and my dreams wax like green leaves 
 and many-coloured flowers on the strand of 
 a sea in which they are mirrored, and the very 
 seas are my own soul, and the blue sky is 
 arched above my head by the most ethereal 
 of my fancies. 
 
 44
 
 V.
 
 WHEN wine began to lose its flavour, and 
 Eve lost her one front tooth, I was seized with 
 the desire to solve the enigma of life. I spent 
 five years dissecting a fly's leg, for I had heard 
 that one must seek the great in the infinitesi- 
 mal, and that the manifold scheme of creation 
 lay in one blade of grass ; but when at the 
 end of five years I took a rest and lifted my 
 eyes to the heavens, I discovered I was sitting 
 in a hole deep down in the ground, and that 
 I had lost sight of the whole world, and that 
 it was only with difficulty that I could catch a 
 glimpse of a strip of blue sky by straining back 
 my head. So I left the fly's leg alone and 
 climbed out of the hole. But I was almost 
 dazed by the light of day, and I sat in the 
 midst of the sunshine and richly coloured 
 nature blind as an owl. 
 
 In the seventh year I met an old wise man 
 who told me that what I had supposed to be 
 47
 
 the tree of knowledge only bore unripe fruit. 
 Then the old wise man taught me that ab- 
 solutely no materials were needed to build 
 up one's house other than the mathematical 
 lines of pure reason. So I hammered away 
 right merrily, and it went apace like a noiseless 
 dance. But one day a tiny zephyr wafted by, 
 and the whole concern fluttered away, and I 
 watched it floating in the air like a rift of 
 gossamer. 
 
 Then I shook the old wise man by his old 
 white beard and bade him go and order him- 
 self a coffin, if it be that he could not fashion 
 one for himself out of his mathematical dots 
 and lines. And I closed my eyes and lay 
 musing in an agony of soul. Night came, 
 and suddenly I felt the pain snap as the husk 
 about a seed, and I felt something grow in 
 me, something that was sinking its roots into 
 my very heart, rising as sap through my 
 veins ; and leaves, uncurled out of their sheaths, 
 and they had colour and form but not of this 
 world, and when morning came I saw in my 
 soul's dawning a blossom, the great half- 
 48
 
 opened blossom of a strange flower. And 
 of this flower there is only one stock, and 
 it is my blood that waters its roots, and the 
 plant grows inside, invisible to all but me. 
 But I know that when the blossom opens 
 I shall find at its core the great Unknown. 
 
 49
 
 -
 
 VI.
 
 THE old I lay in bed between white sheets 
 at the point of death ; the new I sat a piece 
 away, and his features were lost in the gloom. 
 
 " Help me ! " whimpered the old I. 
 
 " Do you ask help from your foe ? " answered 
 the new I. 
 
 "Help me!" 
 
 " No, you must die." 
 
 And the delirium of death seized the sick 
 man, and he shrieked that great black rats 
 were springing over the white sheets, over 
 his hands and over his face. 
 
 " They are your old thoughts coming again," 
 the voice made answer out of the gloom ; " they 
 are filth thrown off by your brain." 
 
 " Have you then no mercy ? " 
 
 " No, not for you. You are a coward to sue 
 me for mercy. Did you shew me any mercy ? 
 When I was new born did you treat me as a 
 father ; when the milk seethed in my mother's 
 pails did you give me to drink ; when I lay on the 
 stone floors and shivered, did you put me to bed ?" 
 53
 
 " Silence ! Oh silence ! mercy ! " 
 
 " When I grew to manhood, do you re- 
 member how you tried to assassinate me, do 
 you remember how you drove me from your 
 house ; do you remember how you tried to 
 gash me in the foot, put out my eyes, so that 
 I might be halt and blind?" 
 
 Then the dying man writhed like a worm 
 that has been trodden upon, and blood-flecked 
 foam stained his lips. 
 
 " Do you remember how you got all your 
 friends and acquaintances to conspire against 
 me, to mock me, wound me, and embitter my 
 life ? You hid food from me, and gave me 
 sorry fare, you and yours, and you spattered 
 the vileness of your own souls over those who 
 were dear to me ? 
 
 " Now you shall die." 
 
 And the sick man shrieked as when death 
 bends over the bed, and he called out that the 
 rats were crawling into his mouth and sitting 
 in his brain, and he rolled himself into a ball, 
 arms and legs and sheets like a mass of 
 tangled white maggots, and gave up the 
 ghost. 
 
 54
 
 VII.
 
 
 I. STOOD and gazed upon the world and 
 marvelled at its beauty; as it lay stretched 
 before me it was like unto a precious gold 
 ornament upon a cushion of azure velvet. 
 
 Suddenly a shadow dropped over everything. 
 Methought, for I knew the noon drew near, 
 that it was but a cloud crossing the sun ; but 
 on looking about me, I discovered that it was 
 the century darkening to its close, and all 
 round me silence gathered as before a storm, 
 and I heard voices muttering, voices that 
 never reached me through the tumult of the 
 day. 
 
 First a voice came from afar, ay, as if from 
 the uttermost end of the world behind the 
 horizon. 
 
 " Why are men so troubled ? " 
 
 It answered from the East, it answered 
 from the West, it murmured in the South, 
 an<u' it thundered in the North : 
 57
 
 " They are children afraid of the night when 
 the storm draws near." 
 
 And again a voice sounded, but this time 
 a solitary voice behind me, and so near that 
 I turned round. 
 
 " Why have we forgotten to rejoice ? " 
 
 I was about to reply myself, but it was 
 answered from the East, it was answered from 
 the West, it murmured in the South, and it 
 thundered in the North : 
 
 " Men have no time to rejoice !" 
 
 But when the noise had died away, I heard 
 a mournful voice repeat the question very 
 softly in my 'right ear : 
 
 "Tell me, you, why can men never more 
 rejoice ? " 
 
 And my soul swelled with trouble and was 
 filled with tears. 
 
 "For this reason," said I, "we shrink when 
 the great happiness falls to our share, and 
 we never can meet it face to face without 
 feeling the talons of the bird of terror clutch- 
 ing at our soul."
 
 VIII.
 
 ONE evening in late autumn I steered out 
 into the fjord. My sails were snow white, but 
 the sunset stained them with a hectic tinge, so 
 that they looked as if they had been dipped in 
 wine, so I sailed out alone to sea when all the 
 others were going to bed in their homes. 
 
 Then I saw an enormous black hand stretch 
 down over the fjord. It set an ugly black mark 
 on my sail, and then it drew back again. And 
 a voice pierced the lovely stillness of the autumn 
 evening, sharp as a knife thrust, rough as a 
 drunkard's bass : 
 
 " He has a stain on his sail ! He has a 
 stain on his sail ! Come hither, good folk, 
 and see ! He is not ashamed to shew his 
 dirty tackle!" 
 
 And when I turned about the strand was 
 densely packed with people. They pointed, 
 they jeered, they threatened. And above my 
 head the black stain darkened my sail as a 
 
 cloud in the time of roses. Then I felt my 
 61
 
 conscience prick me, for although I knew my 
 hands were clean, still the stain was there on 
 my sail, and it cast a shadow over my soul as 
 if it were a real crime, and the unknown voices 
 seemed to me to be so convincing, and I was 
 so alone upon the water, and the people on the 
 shore were so many. The wind lulled, and the 
 sails hung slack like withered leaves after the 
 passage of a venomous wind, too, as if they 
 shared my mood, and I was about to scuttle 
 my boat and sink. 
 
 Then came the miracle that saved me. High 
 above the people on the strand hung a hand, 
 enormous as the one that had set the mark 
 upon my sail, but white, white, and it held a 
 light, and the reflection of it fell like a sudden 
 white dawn over the countless black multitude. 
 
 And I saw by its light men's forms with wasps' 
 stings, men's forms with foxes' tails, men's forms 
 with hounds' heads, bloodhounds' heads, with 
 red maws and lolling tongues. . . . And the 
 wind freshened, and I steered right merrily out 
 to sea with the black mark in the centre of my 
 sail, as the sun rose up over the waters.
 
 IX.
 
 UPON a great plain outside a city the whole 
 youth of the country were assembled. In the 
 midst of them stood a giant : his foot was as 
 long as a street, and his flat hand as broad as 
 a market-place ; and he was so tall that he could 
 not stand erect under the sky, but was forced 
 to bend his head. And when he spoke his 
 voice was so strong that the youth of the 
 country trembled like aspen leaves at a wind 
 puff. 
 
 " Jump Jim Crow ! " he called, and the youth 
 of the country immediately jumped Jim Crow. 
 
 " Couche la ! " he yelled, and all the youth 
 of the country crouched like dogs at his feet. 
 
 " Hie over ! " he commanded, and held out 
 his riding-switch, and the entire youth of the 
 country jumped over the riding-switch with 
 well-trained agility. 
 
 "Novelties! Novelties! Who'll buy?" he 
 wheedled, and all the youth of the country 
 E 65
 
 bought his novelties, money down honestly 
 cheated in their change. 
 
 Then the giant took every lilliput and 
 Tommeliden of them on his flat hand,' not 
 singly, but in heaps, and he scattered them 
 handful by handful into space. And when 
 the plain was emptied, seventy times a thousand 
 black specks were crawling about the pulpits 
 and cathedras. At first I took them to be rats, 
 but on closer observation I discovered that 
 they were human beings, and since that, that 
 they were the youth of the country. 
 
 66
 
 X.
 
 I SAT on the sea-shore one forenoon in mid- 
 summer. The sea lay quietly gleaming in the 
 sun before me, and a great number of people 
 were bathing. The naked white bodies, the 
 blue water, the golden quivering air, made me 
 fancy I was gazing at a piece of southern 
 Hellenic life. 
 
 Tiny waves lapped up over the pebbles on 
 the shore, slid back and came again so small, 
 so gentle, as to hardly merit the name of waves. 
 They were the youngest children of the ocean, 
 and they babbled to themselves as children do, 
 and it was clear to me that all their prattle was 
 just something they had heard of late from 
 father and mother, and they were repeating 
 it now to themselves, without knowing the 
 meaning of the words. 
 
 " Ay, the sea is the greatest source of health, 
 the one that keeps the universe sound. I have 
 69
 
 salt enough for all the corpses of life, and in me 
 men lave themselves clean." 
 
 There is one thing that men need to keep 
 their bodies clean. In this lies Salvation and the 
 future to cherish their bodies as a precious 
 vessel. Rather slay one's enemy than forget to 
 sniff one's shirt so runs the first commandment 
 in the new rnoral law, that some day, when the 
 journeymen have learnt to keep silent in the 
 assemblies, the new Master will incise on a gold 
 tablet before all the people. And in measure 
 as he shifts his shirt and scours his body white, 
 so will he loathe that belief or thought that he 
 has borne through the week, and his soul will 
 always walk in shining white linen. 
 
 70
 
 XI.
 
 I MEET them the eyes wherever I go or 
 stay, in everything and in everyone. 
 
 In the populous town and out in the wide 
 deserts, at the cradle of the new born and the 
 coffin that is lowered into the earth, there 
 where the happy laugh and the miserable 
 weep I meet them the eyes everywhen 
 and everywhere. 
 
 In the woman I desired to love and in my 
 best friend, in the executioner and the victim, 
 in the high and the low, under silk hat and 
 moleskin cap I meet them the eyes ever 
 the same. 
 
 They surround me day and night ; in the 
 morning when I wake they stand around my 
 bed, and at night when I close my eyes they 
 gleam out of the darkness. And they are 
 never just two as in a man's face, but they 
 surge forward in myriads as if from a bottom- 
 less casket, as if they belonged to a fantastic 
 73
 
 giant polypus that grips the whole world in 
 his arms. They follow me like fate, they 
 fasten into my soul as teeth in meat. I am 
 obliged to see them no matter where I turn, 
 I am conscious of them, strive how I may to 
 tear them out, I breathe them in the air, inhale 
 them in the sunshine, I devour them in the 
 words of men and in the thoughts of books. . . . 
 With an expression half such as one sees in 
 an ill-treated hound, half as in an enemy 
 lying in wait, as a knife unsheathed under 
 a cloak, sneaking up behind one's back as 
 thoughts that have never been put into words, 
 as words that have never got beyond a hoarse 
 whisper anguished and cunning, deceitful, 
 threatening, and filled with hate they stare 
 into mine the eyes, eyes of the sick, the weak, 
 the crippled ; serfs'-eyes catching just a gleam 
 of the azure mantle of the Master on the 
 golden horizons of the future. 
 
 74
 
 XII.
 
 I DO not dwell behind locked doors and 
 closed blinds ; every passer - by can look 
 through my windows ye who have sus- 
 picion that I sit up to my neck in filth and 
 that blowflies buzz in swarms around my 
 head come and see ! 
 
 I shall stand on my threshold and receive 
 ye, shall accompany ye through all my 
 rooms, shall open all cupboards, and let ye 
 peer into all drawers. But first ye must 
 change your shoes and scour your hands, 
 for no scouring has any much effect upon 
 your kind of dirt, and I am not going to 
 have the marks of your fingers upon my 
 things. 
 
 Ye will find here well - polished vessels, 
 furniture without a grain of dust, the perfume 
 of many flowers, and rooms filled with sun- 
 shine ; but ye will hear no blowflies buzz save 
 those that always swarm in your own brains. 
 77
 
 Mayhap ye will point to a few flies that lie 
 dead in the window frame, but we all sail 
 with corpses in our freight, and flies are not 
 the worst of corpses. 
 
 " Come to me ! I fear ye not. It is ye 
 who are the cowards, I know ye so well. I 
 shall follow ye out into the desert, and ye 
 shall carry naked knives in your girdles, and 
 I alone shall only have my bare hands. I 
 know ye ; ye are like the snapping curs that 
 dare to bite my heels but slink away like 
 cowards with their tails between their legs if 
 one fix one's eyes upon them. So much 
 ye will dare do stick a knife in me if I 
 inadvertently turn my back on ye; but if 
 I look into your eyes ye slink away with 
 hanging head. I know ye, ye are cowards." 
 
 78
 
 XIII.
 
 I WAS devouring my black bread, dipping it 
 in water to soften it. My enemies sat at a 
 sumptuous table and ate larks' tongues and 
 drank exquisite wines. 
 
 " You must not imagine," said one of them, 
 " that we do not know how to render you the 
 honour that is due to you. We do you full 
 justice in our thoughts. We respect your 
 courage and your firmness. You have never 
 made compromises, you have always jumped 
 into the breach, you have never shirked any- 
 thing in the defence of your convictions, and 
 above all, you have been true to yourself, 
 tested, investigated, weighed and valued, 
 steadfastly, repeatedly. It is great, we ac- 
 knowledge it, we cannot do otherwise than 
 esteem you for this, although we are still of 
 the opinion that you are your own worst 
 enemy, and stand in your own light." 
 
 Then I answered, " Good food gives a sound 
 F 81
 
 skin and a merry spirit. You see the world 
 through the glow of wine and the sound of the 
 dinner gong, and even your enemies appear 
 to you in this light. You fling your pity at 
 me and imagine you are doing a good action, 
 for your wretched drowsy soul never realises 
 that it is to me as a crumb from the rich 
 man's table. And even though your face is 
 puffed and flushed with too much eating, yet 
 I can see the brand of the slave burning on 
 your brow when you speak to me thus. Can 
 you not see yourself how poor and naked your 
 soul reveals itself in your words ? It lies 
 steaming in your hand, and the smoke smells 
 evilly as it blows up towards me. Cock your 
 ears and open your mouth and stare with 
 all your might, so that wisdom may find a 
 way into your soul through every opening. 
 You praise me because I never have been a 
 weathercock that turned with the wind of the 
 day. You praise me because I have always 
 taken a bird's-eye view of the world, so that 
 the petty every-day interests of life looked so 
 small that they escaped my gaze. You praise 
 82
 
 me because I prefer to eat this frugal, sorry 
 fare, rather than lie in a common way and 
 kiss hands to vulgarity. All this you praise, 
 why ? Because you imagine I had the 
 option of a choice, because you yourself hap- 
 pened to have one ; because you cannot con- 
 ceive that all this is the natural outcome of 
 my temperament and its necessary expression. 
 All your life through you have weighed in a 
 scale, huckster like, every one of your actions. 
 You have no other instincts than those of a 
 huckster, you see in all others merely your 
 own huckster likeness, you measure with a 
 true huckster standard, and judge with a 
 huckster heart 
 
 " Why do you pity me ? because to you I 
 am a huckster with whom business has been 
 bad. Why do you praise me ? because to 
 you I am a huckster who always has used 
 standard weights."
 
 XIV.
 
 I SAT in a room surrounded by all my 
 friends. My blood coursed hotly through my 
 veins, my heart was filled with restlessness, and 
 I found a difficulty in breathing. I jumped up 
 and paced up and down the floor. 
 
 "What is the matter with you? " cried my 
 friends. 
 
 " It is so gloomy in here, and the air seems 
 close." 
 
 At this my friends started, and they all sat 
 dumbly and gazed at me with staring eyes. 
 
 " That is just an idea you have got into your 
 head," said he who had bartered his own eyes 
 for an office desk, "or why should we others 
 not have noticed it ? " 
 
 " Don't you see how the sun shines ; let us 
 open all the windows and the door." 
 
 " It is bound to give us the snuffles," said the 
 joker of the party, and he crept into the corner 
 near the fire, where he soon began to snore. 
 87
 
 "Our room is just as good as any other," 
 spouted he who was always obliged to spout 
 since he lost his natural voice one day in a 
 slough. 
 
 "Will it benefit us, or will it do you any 
 good ? " hissed he who sold his conviction for 
 threepenny bits with the idea that they were 
 gold coins, and who felt a sore prick of con- 
 science whenever he caught sight of an original 
 opinion. 
 
 " Pull down the blinds and then you won't 
 see the sun," whispered he who never ventured 
 to speak aloud since the day he got a kick 
 from his master because he had said that his 
 dog had long ears. 
 
 " You only need to quit our close and stuffy 
 room, and us, and the whole show, and betake 
 yourself to the wilderness," jeered he who 
 shuffled about on a club-foot as if he had a 
 ball attached to his leg. 
 
 "You have said the word," I cried, and my 
 face lit the room as with sunshine. 
 
 Then all my friends sprang up from their 
 seats, and the one-eyed one glared with his 
 88
 
 one eye, and he who snored gaped wide awake 
 and looked stupid, and the spouter elevated 
 his hand pathetically, and the lips of the 
 jaundiced member trembled as if the words 
 he wished to utter were so distended with bile 
 that they could not find a way out, and the 
 whisperer looked as if he were praying, and the 
 club-footed one got cramps. 
 
 I rushed to the door, and they all screamed 
 with one accord : " Bear in mind, if you have 
 once closed the door behind you, you will 
 never get in again ! " 
 
 I halted at the threshold, turned round and 
 looked at my friends, and I failed to recognise 
 them, it was as if I had never seen them before. 
 They were dogs from whom I had snatched a 
 bone, cardsharpers whose false play I had 
 exposed, wild animals cheated of their prey, 
 slaves that I had whipped, but they were not 
 those whom I had formerly dubbed my friends. 
 And the room a wild beast's lair, a madhouse, 
 a viper's nest, a goat pen, anything, what you 
 please, only not my old room. 
 
 And I wrenched open the door and slammed 
 89
 
 it to in haste, and the windows were filled with 
 faces ; but as for me, I wandered forth glad in 
 my loneness, through the May breeze kissing 
 the May flowers.
 
 XV.
 
 I HAD been wandering from the early morn- 
 ing. It drew already towards eventide. The 
 district about was deserted, and I could see no 
 sign of human abode. Night came dark and 
 starless. I stopped on seeing that the high 
 road was cleft into two branches, and I stood 
 irresolute which I should choose, when a gleam 
 of light flashed close beside me. By its shine 
 I could see an old man sitting on the trunk 
 of a hewn tree ; his beard was so long as if it 
 had grown for centuries, and his hair was so 
 white as if whitened by the snows of glacial 
 times. , 
 
 "Can you tell me, old man," I queried, "which 
 of these two roads I must take in order to find 
 shelter for the night ? " 
 
 The old fellow looked up, and his eyes seemed 
 to me to shine out from an immeasurable depth 
 and from as great a distance as the evening 
 stars. He scrutinised me closely. 
 93
 
 " Go to the right, young man. Do you see 
 the light over there, the great light that looks 
 so great because it is so near? Follow the 
 road in the direction of that light, and before 
 midnight you will reach an inn where you will 
 find a warm bed waiting for you, a good supper, 
 and a merry company." 
 
 " But tell me too," said I, " you wonderful old 
 man, who look so wise, whither leads the road 
 to the left, and what is the little light that blinks 
 quite feebly in the distance ? " 
 
 " It only looks so little because it is so end- 
 lessly far away," answered the old man, " other- 
 wise it is the greatest and the clearest light that 
 ever shone on the world. But let it not lure 
 you, because to it you will never reach. Once 
 upon a time I too stood at these dividing paths, 
 just as you, young man, irresolute whither I 
 should go. That is a long time ago ; I was 
 going as you are, and it was an evening such 
 as this, only the gloom was a thousandfold 
 deeper. I lit my light and went to the left. 
 And the hours grew to years and the years 
 to centuries, but the night lay thickly about 
 94
 
 me, and the light gleamed ahead of me always 
 just as tiny. Then I wearied and turned back, 
 and now I sit here once more and know not 
 whither I shall go. Go to the right, young 
 man, thither where the great light shines, 
 which seems so great because it is so near. 
 Ye will find a warm bed, a good supper, and 
 a merry company." 
 
 " But you yourself, old man, do not you 
 yearn for warmth and a roof over your head, 
 now that night is here and the coolness falls ? " 
 
 Then the old man lifted his lantern, and the 
 rays fell directly upon his face, and its expres- 
 sion was as sphinx-like as a starry winter night. 
 And he stood up and he waxed before me till 
 he towered like a mountain with eternal snow 
 on its crest ; and as for me I felt myself less 
 than the tiniest insect in the fields. 
 
 "For me there is no night, neither is there 
 day, and I find no place in men's dwellings, 
 and even if I were to find it, men would not 
 let me in, for they know me not." 
 
 95
 
 XVI,
 
 THE air was filled with clay-coloured mist, 
 the rain fell in torrents, and the thunder came 
 rolling and booming over the town. Dark- 
 ness closed over the earth ; I lit my lamp and 
 fastened the shutters before my windows. 
 
 As the watchman in the cathedral tower 
 was calling midnight, a shriek was heard as 
 if coming from the bowels of the world, and 
 right through the yellow lamp gloom a shining 
 blue-white sword cleft its way. I looked up : a 
 strange man was sitting right in front of me, 
 at the opposite side of the table. His hair 
 had a blue-white gleam, like lightning when the 
 storm is nearly ended ; it tumbled in serpentine 
 and zigzag lines over his arched brow ; his 
 mouth laughed like a child's, but his eyes 
 looked askance like a lunatic's. 
 
 " I am the wandering Jew, also called by 
 men Ahasuerus; I am the bird Phoenix that 
 is burnt at the pyre every hundred years, but 
 that riseth again out of his own ashes." 
 99
 
 Time passed a second or an hour. 
 
 " I am the memory of mankind, that once in 
 the life of every generation flasheth up in its 
 brain as lightning in the night illumines a world 
 that is the world of the day and yet different. 
 I am the great wizard that conjures forth the 
 fata morgana of the future for humanity. I 
 stand with one foot in the greyness of the 
 past, and with the other in the gloom of the 
 to be. I am the tree of knowledge of good 
 and evil that the Lord planted in Eden." 
 
 Again time passed a second or an hour. 
 
 " I am he who breaks through the circle into 
 which the spirits of the time form themselves in 
 order to stay or run their course again. I am 
 the eld and the child, I am the conscience of 
 primeval man, whose blood flows out of the 
 universal heart ; but I too am the seeing 
 prophet." 
 
 And again time passed a second or an hour. 
 
 " Living, I am called mad ; dead, I am 
 called genius." With that the cock crew. 
 The stranger had flown, and the grey morning 
 peered through the chinks in the shutter. 
 100
 
 XVII.
 
 I HAD left the shallow firths and narrow 
 straits behind me, for I had wearied of pastorals 
 with smoke curling from rustic cabins. I had 
 gazed my fill at the sun that shone in stolid 
 stupidity over the just and unjust alike. 
 
 After I had spent all my youth in sailing 
 over many seas in my dainty pleasure-boat, I 
 was met one morning as I came on deck by 
 the glorious spectacle upon which my fancy had 
 dwelt for many years through murky days and 
 bright nights. From horizon to horizon and 
 right across the arch of the sky a portal 
 stretched in the form of a crescent moon, and 
 on this giant bow sparkled in golden letters 
 these words : 
 
 This is the entrance to the Kingdom of Truth. 
 
 And as the twilight dropped over the sea, my 
 boat glided in through the portal to the strains 
 of a music that is never heard in the world of 
 
 the everyday. 
 
 103
 
 I had tarried in the new land for fifteen 
 months. One day I lay on the deck of my 
 boat gazing into space, and my soul was filled 
 with restful joy. The sky was red, red as 
 roses and wine, red as love and blood, and the 
 ocean was red as the sky. And the swart 
 sun hung in the red sky, sable as coal or the 
 memory of sorrow, and it was mirrored in the 
 sorghum depths of the ocean like a colossal 
 column the colour of a pomegranate when it 
 inclines to black. Far away on the. horizon 
 a tawny streak glistened like a golden fringe 
 on the crimson canopy. They were my newly 
 discovered islets, over which I roamed a new 
 Adam in paradise, a new being in a new 
 world. For that which was crooked in the 
 old world was straight here, and those things 
 which I had been used to see running in 
 zigzags ran here in circles. Here former 
 virtues hobbled on crutches, as senile oldings 
 at the point of death, whilst sins stood in 
 full flower ; and the fruits that grew on these 
 unknown trees provided me with a fare of 
 rare sweetness, for they were of the same 
 104
 
 species as those into which Mother Eve bit ; 
 whereas in those which I had brought with me 
 from the old world, as its most splendid ingather- 
 ing, I invariably found worms in the kernel. 
 
 I lay stretched on the deck of my pleasure- 
 boat, and my eyes rested upon the tawny fringe 
 on the red canopy, and I was restfully glad 
 in spirit, and beautiful fancies detached them- 
 selves softly from the loose white network of 
 my thoughts, letting it slide from them ; and 
 rising, bent and mirrored themselves in my 
 soul. And their faces were full of peace, and 
 their eyes were laughter-lit, and their lips moved 
 suddenly I heard my own voice say : 
 
 " Happy, happy, happy is he who has found 
 the one great truth, and can rest in its meadows. 
 Then to him what are foes ? what is death ? 
 Thistledown and gossamer. Life is his own 
 soul, and his soul is a guest-chamber in which 
 he holds quiet festivals. Threefold happy he 
 who can rest in its meadows and listen to 
 the purling of the streams of eternal truth." 
 Suddenly it whistled through the air, and the 
 screams of birds sounded ; and as I lifted my 
 105
 
 eyes I saw the ruby space filled with birds 
 swart as the sun, with the long pointed wings 
 of sea birds, the wings that carry them on 
 distant journeys. And when they were poised 
 right above my boat, the one that flew first 
 swooped down and perched upon the mast- 
 head, and speaking with a human voice, said : 
 " He who casts anchor is soon out of the 
 running. Yesterday the promised land flowing 
 with milk and honey, to-day the desert in which 
 no flower blows. To-morrow your Eldorado is 
 a fossil-land. Now we rustle away over your 
 head whilst you lie and dream in your arrogant 
 well-being, forgetting that you too swept by for- 
 gotten countries whilst men slept. Behind your 
 islets new worlds lie and new auroras blaze." 
 
 And the sable bird rose upon his broad- 
 pointed wings, those that carry on distant 
 journeys, and swept away towards the horizon, 
 and vanished behind the golden fringe, woven 
 by islets round the sea's red canopy. And the 
 swart sun flamed, and I set all my sails, and 
 my dainty craft sped away with the wind that 
 came rushing in the wake of the fleeting birds, 
 
 even as a bird, a sea bird, a storm bird. 
 
 106
 
 XVIII.
 
 WHEN on the day after my first mountain 
 climb I stepped out of my house and went 
 down the street, I became aware of a man 
 standing at the street corner staring at me 
 with two gleaming cat's eyes. I went on my 
 way, but I felt he was sneaking after me. 
 When I turned round he looked aside, when 
 I halted he stood and gazed at the wares in 
 a shop window. I entered a house : when 
 I came out I was met by two gleaming cat's 
 eyes from the street corner. 
 
 Since that time he has followed me, per- 
 secuted me, day out day in, year after year. 
 
 When I enter an hotel he slinks after me and 
 sits down with his friends at the nearest table. 
 I can hear him cackle with his peculiar laugh 
 that resembles a night-jar's note, and I have 
 a presentiment that he is talking about me. 
 If it should happen that I hurt my foot and 
 strike the sore place on one of the cobble 
 109
 
 stones in the street, so that I wince and my face 
 works with the pain, he comes to meet me 
 with an elated self-satisfied air, and doffs his 
 hat to his knees as he greets me, accentuating 
 his politeness so that I may notice the insult 
 concealed under it ; but if I should happen to 
 have a handful of aces and trumps he slinks 
 down a bye-lane as soon as he sees me, even 
 from a great distance, for in that case he has 
 no desire to meet me. I only get a glimpse 
 of his crooked back, that reminds me of a 
 whipped cur's, and a furtive spiteful look out 
 of his gleaming cat's eyes. 
 
 But, yesterday, as I saw him from afar turn 
 suddenly into a side alley, I hastily took a 
 cross-cut and met him ; planted myself right in 
 front of him, and looked him in the face. He 
 laughed in the way men laugh in desperate 
 confusion, and his cat's eyes dropped as a 
 weapon dashed out of an opponent's hand. 
 
 " Why do enclose your dirty guts in glass ? " 
 asked I. 
 
 At that he jumped as if I had stuck a knife 
 through him, and shot a furtive look at me so 
 no
 
 full of spite, so stark with gall that I felt as 
 if the uncleanness of it spurted over my face ; 
 and he blushed suddenly with an unspeakable 
 shame, as if I had taken him in adultery. 
 
 Then I cried gleefully : " Now I have you ! 
 you are one of those who trade upon the 
 coward's shame over himself, and his spite 
 against sins that really exist in his own evil 
 conscience."
 
 XIX.
 
 ONE forenoon, when out upon the ocean 
 which stretches its boundless surface between 
 the old and the new world, I saw from the deck 
 of my yacht a black speck away on the other- 
 wise bare and void horizon. At first I thought 
 that the object was a ship, but in measure as 
 it approached it proved to be an animal of 
 unknown appearance, but resembling an ox, 
 that was bobbing like an eider duck on the 
 water. It bellowed at me when still at a great 
 distance. 
 
 "Who are you, vermin ?" 
 
 " Vermin yourself," I replied. " I am Young 
 Ofeg, but who are you ? " I added, as the 
 monster came abreast of my craft. 
 
 " I am the great Bos Humanitatis, round 
 whom the peoples dance. On your knees ! " 
 
 " But it is by no means a way of mine to 
 adore strange gods. Bare the marrow of your 
 being and the reins of your soul, so that I may 
 see of what stuff you are made."
 
 With that a parchment scroll, such as one 
 
 sees in the paintings of the Middle Ages, curled 
 
 out of the beast's mouth, and the following 
 
 words were inscribed on it : " The good of All 
 
 is the Highest Weal," and the colossus bellowed 
 
 " This is the great truth, the only truth that 
 
 was for ever found in the world or ever will be 
 
 found. On your knees ! This truth is adored 
 
 by all people, and all tongues chant its praises. 
 
 Everything must fall on its face in the dust 
 
 before it. On your knees ! All things shall be 
 
 reduced to the same level, the level of mediocrity. 
 
 What is under shall be lifted up, what is over 
 
 shall be dragged down. On your knees ! I say." 
 
 " I don't believe you. I believe in the one. 
 
 I believe in myself. The God to whom 1 
 
 could bring myself to kneel dwells in my own 
 
 soul, where I have prepared him a chamber. 
 
 I treat him with my best wine. I deck his 
 
 dwelling with the rarest plants, and it is the 
 
 joy of my life to see him hourly wax in 
 
 strength. Some day, when he is full-fledged, he 
 
 will soar out into the azure spheres high above 
 
 the swamps in which your reptiles wallow. 
 
 116
 
 It is he whom you would slay. For in the 
 same moment that I would bend my knee to 
 adore you, you monster, my proud God would 
 give up the ghost." 
 
 The monster snorted at that, so that the 
 water rose in waves and frothed with stink- 
 ing spume. 
 
 " On your knees ! or I will trample you 
 and your offspring into pulp under my claws, 
 make you each and all into the most wretched 
 stuff in existence." 
 
 " But suppose I were the stronger," laughed I. 
 
 "You vermin ! " 
 
 " Don't you know how the tiny parasite 
 manages with the butterfly larvae ? I will 
 stick in your skin like a gadfly, and you shall 
 plunge across the ocean in helpless fury under 
 my stings, like your brother in the great feeding 
 grounds. Will you try it on ? " 
 
 The monster got under way, and the water 
 waltzed about him, rising like a cloud of foam ; 
 and my bark glided softly ahead over the ocean 
 that basked quietly in the noonday sun, and 
 the new shore loomed ahead of her bow. 
 117
 
 XX.
 
 THE day had come when the great battle 
 was to take place on the plain before the city ; 
 both hostile hosts were marshalled. On the 
 heights in the North stood the blackcoats 
 and the star-decorated, down below these the 
 smock-frocks, in countless numbers, that van- 
 ished from the gaze as they melted into one 
 against the horizon. The signal for the attack 
 had already sounded in the camps of the 
 smock-frocks as I strolled through the city 
 gates. The road ran right through the hosts, 
 and there was no other road for me to take 
 save this one. I had hardly advanced a 
 hundred paces when I heard a rumbling as 
 if a storm was coming. It was the men in 
 blouses who cried 
 
 " There is a blackcoat ; seize him ! " 
 
 And again before the echo had died away I 
 
 heard a rumbling, but this time it was like unto 
 
 the chord of an organ in church. This time it 
 
 was the blackcoats, the star-decked, who cried.
 
 " There is a smock-frock ; seize him ! " 
 
 Thereupon I lifted my hand to order silence, 
 and I said, " I am not a blackcoat, for I hate 
 the gloom and love the noonday sun. I am 
 not a smock-frock, for my pride is gladsome, 
 and my defiance sportive ; and I would rather 
 be a butterfly than an ant. 
 
 " Never will I fight on your side, you smock- 
 frocks, for were you to gain the victory every- 
 thing I hold dear would be laid in pasture 
 under the kine's feet. 
 
 " Neither will I follow your lead, blackcoats, 
 for you are all tarred with the same brush. 
 Why do you quarrel ? Go rather into the church 
 that is tolling for matins in the town, and 
 open the place in your psalm-books and sing in 
 harmony the old verses. How vast be their 
 advantages, how great their pleasures prove, 
 who live like brethren and consent in offices 
 of love." 
 
 With that I continued my journey and went 
 out into the wilderness. When I had gone 
 some way I heard the first shot. Then I was 
 elated in soul, for I told myself that now the 
 great Beelzebub whimpers. 
 122
 
 XXI.
 
 THE battle was ended and the object attained. 
 I had served my five years for Rachel, and the 
 twelve tasks were fulfilled. I looked at every- 
 thing I had done and found it good. So then 
 I consecrated the seventh day to be a day of 
 rest. Rachel sat at my feet, and my kingdom lay 
 around me, basking quietly in the mid-day sun. 
 
 The three wise men from the East entered 
 and laid at my feet gold, frankincense, and 
 myrrh ; the second presented me with elephants' 
 tusks, the third with Polar bear skins ; whilst 
 Arabian houris danced in my halls. 
 
 But outside my doors I perceived a long line 
 of men clad in fair white silken garments, and 
 their faces were hushed in silence. Arid under 
 his left arm each man of them bore a silver 
 casket. And each man was so like unto the 
 next as one white hair resembleth the other, 
 and the caskets seemed to me to be one and 
 the same casket, reduplicated as through the 
 facets of a crystal. 
 
 125
 
 "Who are ye?" I inquired of the nearest of the 
 white-clad men, he who stood in the doorway. 
 
 " We are the coming days, right to the end of 
 your life, that stand waiting to be admitted one 
 after the other into your halls," he replied, 
 bending himself almost to the ground, where- 
 upon all those that stood behind him, even as 
 far as the horizon, bent in the same manner, as 
 if someone had pulled an invisible thread that 
 ran through all of them. 
 
 " And what do you hide in your caskets ? " 
 I queried again. 
 
 "That is the score of the hymn that your 
 serving spirits play every morning in your 
 honour," added the white-clad man, and again 
 he bowed to the earth, and again all the other 
 white men followed his example. With that 
 I was seized with a fit of yawning so tremendous 
 and so long that the white men trembled as 
 mists before the blast, and the walls of my 
 chamber flickered as the wings in a theatre. 
 And I jumped up off my throne, seized my 
 staff and my field-glass and my wallet, and 
 woke out of my dream. 
 126
 
 XXII.
 
 ONE summer night as the full moon rose, I 
 wandered into the forest. In an open glade 
 between the alders I found the God of the time 
 napping in the moonshine. 
 
 "What are you seeking in the wood at 
 this late hour ? " asked he ; " you look so 
 thoughtful, and your eyes are full of fear." 
 
 " I seek help for humanity," I replied ; " the 
 races are listless, deedless, faint-hearted. If 
 they are unconcerned, it is from apathy. If 
 they are fearless, it is fatalism. If they are 
 strong, it is resignation. I seek for the witch- 
 wort, whose sap alone can give to mankind lust 
 of existence, joy in the simple fact of living, 
 make their feet light and their spirit bright, 
 create great dreams and incite to deeds of 
 derring-do. I seek the backbone of humanity 
 that is lost to it." 
 
 The God lay silent, and gazed out into the 
 endless space that sparkled in mystery ahead 
 i 129
 
 of him. It seemed to me that he was laughing, 
 but suddenly I saw him knit his brows into a 
 frown. And from afar a growling rose through 
 the wood, and darkness fell upon us, and the 
 growling rolled nearer and the darkness grew 
 thicker, and in the gloom there was a fantastic 
 shadow-play of indistinct forms with red gleam- 
 ing eyes. All at once the growling turned into 
 the baying of hounds, and I saw many hundred 
 couples rushing towards me. Instinctively I 
 stood on guard and gripped the knife in my belt. 
 
 Then I heard someone chuckle softly, quite 
 close to me, chuckle heartily and quietly. And 
 the bay of the hounds hushed, and the gloom 
 lightened, and the wood about me stood silently 
 in the moonlit summer night, and in the open 
 glade amongst the alders lay the Time God 
 chuckling. 
 
 "When the time comes," he said, "when man- 
 kind comes seeking for the magic wort, like 
 you, then I will conjure forth the great terror. 
 Then the races will draw their knives from their 
 belts and stiffen their backs just as you did 
 a while ago, and find again its lost backbone." 
 130
 
 XXIII.
 
 IN a valley encircled by hills dwelt men. 
 The sun shone, and it was summer. And as 
 evening drew near, and I began to ascend 
 the mountain side, some were holding hands 
 and dancing in rings, others were drinking 
 coffee on the green grass, and others teaching 
 the children their ABC. 
 
 The next day I had accomplished the first 
 spiral of my mountain ascent, and I stood 
 on a projecting crag, from which I had a view 
 over the valley below me. Nothing seemed 
 to have changed from the yesterday: men 
 danced, drank coffee, and taught the children 
 their ABC, just as when I had quitted them. 
 I called to them to follow me in my journey 
 up towards a higher point of view, but no 
 one answered, no one seemed to have heard 
 my voice. 
 
 On the next day, towards eventide, I had 
 again ascended the mountain in a new spiral,
 
 and stood upon a jutting crag right above the 
 one from which I had gazed on the valley the 
 day before. The depths below me presented 
 exactly the same spectacle, with this sole 
 difference, that all objects seemed smaller. 
 But when the people caught sight of me it 
 was evident that they grew annoyed : one 
 laughed mockingly, the second shrieked in 
 scoffing terms, and the third flung stones. 
 Then I continued my journey, and my soul 
 was filled with pity; I mentally added many 
 commentaries to the text to understand all 
 is to forgive all and I set the new religion 
 of human suffering into rhyme and verse. 
 
 Toward the evening of the third day I had 
 completed a new spiral of the ascent. I stood 
 once more on a projecting ledge that jutted 
 over the depths, just above the two ledges on 
 which I had stood the preceding days. I took 
 up a stone and hurled it with all my strength 
 in front of me, but although the incline of the 
 mountain seemed to me to be almost perpen- 
 dicular, it struck the crags. I saw that people 
 moved about in the bottom of the valley, and
 
 fancied I could detect by their attitudes that 
 they had observed me. But whether they 
 waved a greeting or a threat I could not be 
 sure, they were as small as if they were seen 
 through the wrong end of a glass. One of 
 them crawled up the mountain's side, up the 
 same path as I had come, and he seemed to 
 me no bigger than an ant. But whether it was 
 a greeting or a threat, or whether the climber 
 intended to follow me, or drag me down again, 
 I heeded not. My chest grew light in the 
 mountain air, and my head was clear. Clouds 
 glided over the depths of the valley and all 
 that it held, and my gaze rested upon the 
 sun-tipped snow peak of the mountain, thither 
 where the path led. 
 
 Fourth day towards evening. . . . 
 
 135
 
 XXIV.
 

 
 IT was Sunday in Springtime, and the sing- 
 ing in the Church floated out over the town. 
 Up in the elm tree that stood behind the 
 churchyard wall sat two old crows. 
 
 " Now the minister ascends the pulpit," said 
 the one. 
 
 " What is he saying ? " exclaimed the other. 
 
 The two old crows cocked their heads on 
 one side and listened. 
 
 " Brothers in Christ ! " sounded the minister's 
 voice out from the Church. " So saith the 
 Lord : I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life ; 
 he that believeth in me shall live. . . ." 
 
 "Who is the Lord?" asked the old mother 
 crow. 
 
 " That is the great blackcoat in whose service 
 all the little blackcoats are," answered father 
 crow. 
 
 " What are they doing in there now ? It 
 strikes me it's very quiet."
 
 Father crow hopped a few branches lower, 
 bent his head, and peeped in through the 
 Church window. 
 
 "The minister is standing taking snuff, and 
 the people are sitting on the benches nodding 
 their heads. The Lord save us ! if I don't 
 believe the whole crowd are asleep." 
 
 Then the two old crows chuckled and were 
 answered a hundredfold from the town, as the 
 whole swarm flapped up from the elm wood 
 and circled about the Church, making such an 
 infernal row that the congregation started up 
 out of their comfortable Sunday sleep, and the 
 minister recollected himself. But the flock 
 of crows flew away across the fields, and soon 
 the people nodded again on their benches, 
 and the minister's voice sounded once more : 
 " Brethren in Christ, I am the Way, the Truth, 
 and the Life; he that believeth on me shall 
 live, even if he were dead. . . ." 
 
 " This is getting soporific ! " interjected the 
 father crow, who had flown up to his old perch. 
 
 " It is the spring air that takes from one's 
 strength," replied the crow mother. 
 140
 
 " It wouldn't be a bad idea to have a little 
 forenoon nap, eh ? " 
 
 "... So it pleased the Lord," echoed the 
 minister's voice from the Church ; and the two 
 old crows put their bills under their wings and 
 slept. Now not a single sound was to be 
 heard save the minister's voice, as for the 
 third time it echoed through the Sabbath 
 quiet: "Brothers in Christ, so saith the Lord; 
 I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life. . . ." 
 
 But now the minister leaves quarter of mile 
 of road between the words, so that he has lost 
 the truth out of sight when at length he 
 reaches the life, and is obliged to wash the 
 dust out of his throat with a glass of water. 
 But the sun shone high in the heavens. He 
 just cast a sly look through the Church window, 
 and when he perceived the blessed old peace 
 that reigned in the Temple he could not but 
 laugh. But then, as if by magic, the drowsy 
 Church was decked with all the glory of the 
 flowers of Spring, and the elm top where the 
 old crow pair were enjoying their forenoon 
 siesta drew a green veil over its barrenness. 
 141
 
 XXV.
 
 ONE day lately I sat myself on the King's 
 highway in order to study the animal Lepus 
 bipedes in its various species. 
 
 First came a middle-aged man of the lower 
 classes. I enveloped him in darkness, for fear is 
 like a snail that keeps in its shell by daylight, 
 and only creeps out in the dark. The prescrip- 
 tion worked immediately. Soon the wayfarer 
 halted, listened breathlessly, and stared with 
 wide open eyes into the gloom, then took to 
 his heels again, panting and out of breath ; 
 he was frightened of himself, he groaned when 
 a twig snapped under his feet, and he ducked 
 down when a bird stirred in the branches over 
 his head. 
 
 Afterwards, when I blew away the darkness, 
 and the broad daylight suddenly surrounded 
 him again, he looked about him with be- 
 wildered gaze, mopped the sweat off his brow 
 and slunk shamefacedly along the wall. 
 K 145
 
 " That was the child afraid of the dark," said 
 I to myself. 
 
 But from the same direction as came the 
 vanished one, a host of Christian men and 
 women drew near. They all looked as if 
 they were paid criminals weighted by a bad 
 conscience. If one of them laughed his 
 laugh ended in a ghostly grimace, as if he 
 had suddenly called to mind that man should 
 never laugh. When one of the men cast a 
 sly glance at a woman both squinted heaven- 
 wards as if to make sure that an illicit action 
 were not being recorded. When a cock lured 
 his hen into the bushes a look of dismay 
 gathered upon their faces, and they crossed 
 themselves hurriedly. 
 
 " Those were the sick ones," said I to myself, 
 "whose souls are infected with ideas of sin. 
 They have manufactured them into spectacles 
 through which the world looks distorted and 
 gloomy, until at length they have separated 
 their maimed conscience from its being, placed 
 it outside themselves, endowed it with body 
 and name, made it into their table of the 
 146
 
 law, their master, calling it morals, God. 
 They belong to the great category of the 
 cowardly, for they dare not rely upon them- 
 selves, and the word self-esteem has a hollow 
 sound or is a dangerously carnal idea ; but 
 they are cowards because their soul is dis- 
 eased and their brain is narrow. Their 
 cowardice is stupidity. 
 
 Then a third type of Lepus bipedes ap- 
 proached. He seemed to be one of those 
 persons of whom an even twelve go to the 
 dozen. He walked carefully along the wall, 
 as if he were obliged to consider something 
 at every step he took, something to be taken 
 into consideration, an obligation to be fulfilled, 
 a mistake to be avoided. He examined every 
 stone carefully before he trod upon it, as if 
 there was always a chance of getting a corn 
 through it. He scattered smiles to the right 
 and to the left, to every one and no one, as 
 if he fancied it might serve him some way 
 sooner or later. Constant little waves of fear 
 trembled across his face, as if he suddenly 
 remembered that he had by chance done 
 H7
 
 something he ought not to have done ; and 
 when I made a row on purpose, he started 
 and the first expression on his face was fear, 
 and this first expression betrayed uncertainty 
 as to how he should conduct himself: either 
 cringe before a master, or bully a subordinate. 
 Then I said to myself: 
 
 " This is the Simon Pure of cowards. For his 
 cowardice is not child-like want of judgment, 
 neither is it disease, neither is it stupidity. He 
 is the most cowardly of cowards, the scurviest 
 of all, for he trades on his cowardice. He is 
 cowardly from expediency. He is cowardly 
 for sheer cowardice." 
 
 148
 
 XXVI.
 
 MY street was tightly packed with people, 
 and the windows of the houses were thronged 
 with faces. All wore masks, and all flung 
 abusive epithets at me ; and these foul terms 
 sprang up like nettles between the paving 
 stones, through which my feet were forced to 
 wade, and they hung out of the windows in 
 thorny garlands. 
 
 The mid-day sun sat aloft in the vault of 
 heaven white with heat. I had been wander- 
 ing from early morning, and as far as I could 
 see before me the street lay just as tightly 
 packed with people with masks upon their 
 faces ; the horizon was covered with them like 
 swarms of blowflies. 
 
 So I halted and dried the sweat of my brow 
 and said, " Ye slanderers, take off your masks ! 
 Ye nettle stingers, why do you hide your 
 countenances ? Whom are ye, and what do 
 ye look like ? I know ye not at all, I have 
 never seen ye.
 
 " Thou who screechest that I have evil disease, 
 dost thou carry red blisters on thine own face ? 
 Ye who shriek that I see all things askew, do 
 perhaps not your own eyes squint like the 
 wings of a weather vane ? Ye whom I never 
 see, but whose raven's croak I hear inside the 
 gloomy rooms, do you croak mayhap because 
 I shall some day seize the spoil that never 
 was yours, although ye stand right in the 
 sunshine. I know not, I have never seen ye. 
 
 " But now ye shall hear ! What avails it that 
 ye plant nettles in my path ? I wade through 
 them with my bare feet and they sting me not. 
 What matters it that ye hurl your evil thoughts 
 after me like evil-smelling, rotten eggs ? They 
 never reach me. They rebound to yourselves, 
 and squirt their impurity in your own eyes. 
 Just look ! I grip handfuls of these thorny 
 branches and they never even prick me. 
 
 " And now ye shall hear ! Why you 
 occupy the throne, why? He lies, ye say, 
 he is ashamed to own how sorely he is hurt. 
 Oh you blowfly brood, there is only one 
 thing exceeds your malice, your stupidity, 
 152
 
 your inconceivable, boundless, elephant-footed 
 stupidity. You can't understand that it was 
 you yourselves who turned aside the point of 
 the thorns. If you had never donned masks 
 I might have met a worthy face and looked in 
 honest eyes, then my feet would have swelled 
 up and my body been as full of prickles as a 
 hedgehog's ; but now you stand there with 
 masks before your features, or hide yourselves 
 in dark rooms, and therefore your nettles are 
 but a verdant mass that strikes softly and 
 coolly to my naked feet."
 
 XXVII.
 

 
 I STOOD under a large tree that grew in 
 solitude far out in the deserted plain, seeking 
 the coolness of its shade from the summer heat. 
 I was just about to throw myself upon the 
 ground beneath it when I heard a rustling over 
 my head. As I gazed upwards I saw the 
 branches thickly covered with five hundred 
 thousand gleaming objects. At first I thought 
 they were peacocks, but suddenly five hundred 
 thousand mouths began to speak with human 
 voices, and when my eyes became accustomed 
 to the gloom I discovered five hundred thou- 
 sand women's faces, and I knew that these 
 were the women of the country. Then I doffed 
 my cap and made my most courteous bow, 
 and began to pay my respects thus : 
 
 " Ye hothouse plants and ornamental 
 wenches ! " 
 
 At this a tremendous cackle arose, and one
 
 hundred thousand lifted their wings and flapped 
 hurriedly away across the plain. 
 
 I continued : 
 
 " Not Solomon in all his splendour was clad 
 as one of ye." 
 
 Then the four hundred thousand that re- 
 mained behind held their heads askew and 
 fanned with their peacocks' tails, and simpered 
 with such syrup and sugar in their gaze that 
 it simply turned up and down in my stomach, 
 and I added : 
 
 "But man cannot bed with a peacock's tail, 
 and it would be just as disgusting as with a ..." 
 
 Then four hundred thousand flapped their 
 wings and three hundred thousand gleaming 
 tails streamed out over the plain. 
 
 " But if one is to be found who will stand by 
 my side when the mad bull comes rushing 
 towards us he who was formerly called 
 Profanum Vulgus, but whom men now dub 
 L'opinion and who would feel her heart swell 
 with a proud joy at staring into the white of the 
 beast's eyes, so that he would slink aside with 
 shame if one such is to be found so ..." 
 158
 
 But, already, before I had ended my harangue, 
 the tree over my head was vacant, and far 
 down on the horizon a spot glittered in the 
 sunshine, which I supposed was the last 
 hundred thousand peacocks' tails.

 
 XXVIII.
 
 THE town of my birth was one of the oldest 
 in the country, it made the same impression 
 on me as a good description of the moyen- 
 age. The streets were winding and narrow, 
 the houses a dirty yellow, with two storeys, 
 of which the upper jutted out above the under 
 in the true mediaeval style. The children 
 played in the gutter-stone, and the cattle 
 cropped the weeds in the market place. 
 
 One day I went out for a walk. My 
 thoughts flew low as swifts before rain cometh. 
 And some place, I knew not where, a voice 
 lurked, seeking to call something to me, what 
 I knew not, only that it came thundering 
 down I knew not where from. At the market- 
 place my friend the locksmith stood at the 
 entry leading to his garret, dozing in the sun- 
 shine. 
 
 "Answer me a question," I begged of him. 
 " Why does one yearn for the snow when one 
 163
 
 sits in the midst of flowers, for verdure and 
 summer tidings when the sea is ice-bound ? 
 Why is that which man possesses without 
 worth, and why does one yearn just for the 
 thing one lacks ? Why do the lovely har- 
 monies of rural solitude haunt us in the midst 
 of the city noise, and why does life and its 
 motley flash before us with ever fresh delights, 
 a fata 'morgana of Paradise, luring us away 
 from peaceful dreaming in meadows green ? 
 Why do we yearn forward or backward in 
 hope or remembrance ? " 
 
 My friend the locksmith answered never a 
 word, but, chuckling to himself, swung round 
 on his heel and entered his house. 
 
 When I reached the principal street, my 
 friend the rabbit breeder stood on his steps, 
 that jutted out over the foot-walk, playing the 
 concertina. 
 
 "Answer me a question," I besought him. 
 " Suppose you found out that those who 
 hold the reins of Government in our town 
 emptied their slops into your and your neigh- 
 bours' wells, would you go up to the market- 
 164
 
 place and tell it to all the people, even if you 
 knew that they would raze your house and 
 violate your wife and put you yourself in the 
 pillory ? " 
 
 My friend answered never a word ; he only 
 laughed in embarrassment, struck up a waltz 
 on his concertina and began to dance. 
 
 But, down in Mob Alley, my friend the 
 cobbler sat at his open window, a family 
 idyl, wife and eight children. 
 
 " Answer me a question," I prayed him. 
 " If a person came to you and said roughly : 
 Better anything else than sitting here like 
 this till the day of judgment ; better the great 
 sorrow than the petty joy ; rather the trouble 
 that turns hair grey in one night than happi- 
 ness in the chimney corner, listening to the 
 coffee-kettle singing if a person came to you 
 and said that, what reply would you give 
 him ? " 
 
 My friend answered never a word ; he 
 merely shut the window and turned his back 
 to it. 
 
 As for me, I walked down the Alley, and 
 165
 
 out through the town gates, with their look 
 of mediaeval times ; and when evening fell 
 and I turned round, the Church tower of my 
 native town gleamed far away in the evening 
 sun. 
 
 1 66
 
 XXIX.
 
 -
 
 I HAD crossed the great morass, and was 
 wandering on the opposite shore in the midst 
 of manifold flowers, and in a sunshine the like 
 of which I had never felt before. But beyond 
 the morass my foes were gathered in a fog, as 
 orange-green as gall, and they threatened and 
 called : 
 
 " You need not crow ! Don't you think we 
 did not see that you got help ? If strange 
 hands had not stretched forth to you, you 
 would be lying in the bottom of the morass 
 by this time, there where we would like to see 
 you, and where you ought to be." 
 
 Then I answered : 
 
 "The evil smell of your words reaches me 
 even here, from your heart and your mind's 
 corruption. Ye only know one way to thank, 
 lackey's way, bend to the dust, kiss hands 
 meekly, and let your words trickle like syrup. 
 What do you know of the silent thanks that 
 169
 
 holds the kernel and marrow of a human soul 
 in one look, or that this look has something of 
 the look of youth when it loves, and something 
 of a child's look up to its mother, but before 
 all, that it is of a piece with the look with 
 which two who were lost in a desert fall into 
 one another's arms when they meet unex- 
 pectedly ; solitary and remote from other 
 human beings. 
 
 " Therefore, go home to your porridge platters, 
 gorge yourselves, and thank your God in the one 
 way you know how to thank, lackey's way, 
 bend to the dust, kiss hands meekly, and let 
 your words trickle like syrup." 
 
 170
 
 XXX.

 
 As the evening sun was poised above the 
 crest of the mountain in the west like a great 
 red globe, I descended to a meadow that teemed 
 with human forms. They looked like men, and 
 yet I knew not if I could call them by this 
 name. At first sight the scene appeared as 
 if a carnival were taking place ; afterwards I 
 fancied that I found myself in the walled 
 enclosure of a madhouse. One wanted a sleeve 
 to his coat, another had only one leg to his 
 trousers. The one whose head was as big as 
 an elephant had a toy cap, whilst his neigh- 
 bour, on whose body nature had clapped a pin 
 head, stalked about with a headgear of gigantic 
 dimensions. There were coats so long that 
 they reached to the knee, and trousers so short 
 that they finished there. Goliath-like feet 
 limped about in dancing pumps, and wading 
 boots slopped about children's tiny feet. But 
 all moved about, they never stood still a
 
 moment, the whole meadow was like a single 
 teeming ant-heap. They all seemed to be 
 seeking, as if they had lost something, or as if 
 they knew not themselves for what they were 
 searching ; every head was bent forward, every 
 body bowed, eagerness glistened in every eye, 
 and their faces surrounded me like embodied 
 groans. Yet not a sound was to be heard, 
 not one of their steps ; it seemed to me as if 
 all these monsters were in such a desperate 
 hurry that they could not even pause to 
 breathe, or as if they were holding their 
 breaths as a person frightened at the dark. 
 
 In the meantime I had crossed right over 
 the plain. The sun had gone down behind 
 the mountain, and the coolness of night was 
 falling. On a stone near the wall, at some 
 distance from the rest of the crowd, an old 
 man sat alone. His clothes were one mass 
 of rags, and as I came in sight he made a 
 violent effort to wrap them better round him, 
 for his elbows and knee-bones stuck out through 
 the holes as the pointed twigs of a tree. 
 
 I halted and asked :
 
 "Tell me, old man, who are these crowds 
 in the plain, and why have they clothed them- 
 selves like unto lunatics ? And why do you 
 sit here now when the night dews are falling ? " 
 
 And the old man bared his bald head, and 
 lifted his hollowed and sightless eye up to me, 
 and said : 
 
 "They are mankind looking for their lives. 
 There are as many kinds of lives as there are 
 people, and every life is a scourge that is unique 
 of its kind, as every man is a being that is sole 
 of his kind. Everything is awry, no one has 
 got the scourge he ought to have, everyone 
 is looking for one to suit him. 
 
 " You ask why I sit here now that the cool 
 of night is falling. Therefore, young man, that 
 I have jumped about as the others are jumping, 
 until my legs gave way, and the hair fell off 
 my head, and my eyes lost their sight. I 
 desired my proper life, I too ; but what I got, 
 it was never other than these rags." 
 
 Then terror seized me, and I continued my 
 way up amongst the mountains. And the 
 darkness gathered closely over the plain, but 
 175
 
 although I could scarcely hear or see, I was 
 conscious through other inner secret senses of 
 the death-dance in search of life that was 
 footing it restlessly under me; and when 
 morning came, and the sun ran up above 
 the sea, my soul was filled with the desire 
 for strength to walk through life as the man 
 of antiquity in his toga. 
 
 176
 
 XXXI. 
 
 M 177
 
 I DESCENDED into the great road that runs 
 round the world. The windows in the houses 
 were shut, and gleaming eyes peered through 
 the closed shutters. The sun weltered upon my 
 head, the paving stones burnt under my feet, the 
 air about me smothered me as in a blanket. 
 
 When I got a piece down the street the 
 houses were uninhabited. Above the entrance 
 to each house hung a nightcap and a pair of 
 hobbles. Watchmen stood at the doors. I 
 stopped at the bottom of some steps, greeted 
 the man at the door, and said : 
 
 " I want a house, for the mid-day sun is very 
 hot, and I am a-weary, and all my friends sit 
 by this time in the midst of children and flowers, 
 so why shouldn't I, even I, have a house of my 
 own ? " 
 
 The man laughed at that with a laugh I did 
 not understand, and answered : 
 
 " You are right, why shouldn't even you have 
 179
 
 your house? You ought to have this house. 
 But first you must go to the market-place, and 
 take part in the divine service of the people." 
 
 I went away to the market-place, where I 
 found a great congregation lying flat on their 
 stomachs under invocation to a mock sun that 
 shone faintly up in the sky. This sight dis- 
 gusted me, and I turned back. When I got 
 down again into the great street that ran round 
 the world, I saw the man at the door from afar 
 laughing at me with the same laugh that I 
 could not interpret. 
 
 " Now you are at liberty to enter the house 
 and possess it as your own. Let me first 
 fasten the hobbles to your feet and put the 
 nightcap on your head." 
 
 And as he said it he laughed again, and 
 suddenly I saw right through this obscure 
 speech, and caught sight of the worm that 
 wriggled underneath it. I knew his breed 
 only too well ; he belonged to the great race 
 of the malicious who delight in kill-joy. 
 
 Then I shook the hobble off my foot and 
 
 struck the cap out of the man's hand and 
 1 80
 
 flung it in his face, and turned aside off the 
 great road that runs about the world and 
 that uncoiled itself before me like a giant 
 white worm sequestered, with the uncleanness 
 of a monster. 
 
 181
 
 XXXII.
 
 THERE is one day in the year that I pass by 
 with blinking eyes : my birthday ; then if I 
 were to look up I should see how life's chain 
 uncoils, and I should be able to count the 
 links. 
 
 There is one hour in the twenty-four that 
 works in my soul and leaves a taste in my 
 mouth more acrid than any medicine : the 
 hour when I lay myself to sleep, for I know 
 that during the night that evil happens that 
 can never be shriven ; that that vanishes that 
 once vanished can never return ; and when 
 I awake in the middle of the night I hear 
 time roll on, rushing through the darkness 
 above my head like a mighty stream. 
 
 When I read in books of the one's growing 
 loneliness and the other's poorness of life ; 
 and when I look round amongst the people 
 about me, and see how the years of all fall 
 from them like badly-kept teeth ; when I 
 185
 
 myself gaze back over the landscape that I 
 have wandered over, to find wild places and 
 nettle woods then I recognise the species of 
 the sin that is the root and original source. 
 Let not your days be as rotten fruits, which 
 you must cast on the dung-heap behind you 
 or as poisonous wormwood, flowering in your 
 spirit ; but make them shining white as the 
 bodies of young virgins, and clothe them in 
 gold and silver, that they may constantly 
 watch round your couch as guardian spirits, 
 fanning refreshing coolness over your soul. 
 May your serving-flock suffice to attend you 
 through each cycle of the sun. 
 
 1 86
 
 XXXIII.
 
 WHEN I go to the town and people stare 
 and gape in the market and street, it is a habit of 
 mine never to drop my eyes without looking at 
 each and every man. I have often noticed that 
 the one sneaked by me and the other looked 
 meaningly at his neighbour, and that they all 
 mumbled something under their breath, but I 
 knew not if it was about me, and I would not 
 touch their dirty burdens. But once lately I got 
 a long yellow-green look that I held in the palm 
 of my hand for examination ; but before I 
 could test this disgusting expression in the 
 crucible of my thoughts, I heard a voice speak- 
 ing close to me. 
 
 " He harbours the devil of pride." 
 Then I turned round and saw him who had 
 cast the yellow-green look, and who had spoken 
 the words. He turned his back to me quickly, 
 but he could not conceal how his clothes hung 
 bedaubed with the yellow-green stuff. And I 
 went close up behind his neck and said : 
 189
 
 " You who turn away with the idea of con- 
 cealing that you soiled yourself with the vomit 
 of your own mind, listen now to me ! What is 
 it that you say about pride? What do you 
 know about pride? You only know one kind 
 of pride, your own and that of the like of you. 
 That which inflates the soul with wind, without 
 being able to hinder it from collapsing suddenly, 
 as soon as any one points a finger towards it. 
 You know the low vulgar pride, the dastard 
 pride that sticks its nose in the air whilst 
 inwardly a spirit of shame sits in you, and 
 gnaws at you and fleers at you, so that as you 
 walk along you stumble over a stone or fall into 
 a ditch. Your pride is not genuine, you wear 
 it as a bargee would wear the dress of a knight, 
 you strut with it with as ill a grace as if you 
 had donned a decoration, knowing in your 
 soul that you deserved it not ; that is why 
 you feel conscious of being ludicrous, and why 
 you are ashamed. 
 
 " Why then do you speak of pride, you who 
 know no other than your own and that of your 
 equals ? What do you know of the true, great 
 190
 
 pride, that which surpasses all other feeling 
 upon earth, that which rings like true metal 
 and makes the brow as clear and as open as the 
 sea on a sunshine day. That is the pride that 
 he who casts malignant looks about him, and 
 who cringes when threatened with words more 
 offensive than the lashes that fall upon the back 
 of a slave will never know. For that pride is 
 the one that makes a man dare to pit his 
 stubborn no against every yes, and kick over 
 the old ideals as if they were potsherds and 
 puffballs. Why do you speak of pride ? you have 
 never conceived what it feels like to be proud. 
 Get you to your trading in the market-place, 
 and your gossip at the street corner, but never 
 seek to imprison the sunshine in your fist. 
 
 " Pride is a haughty virgin who loves alone a 
 noble knight, with casque, and plume, and coat 
 of mail." 
 
 191
 
 PRINTED BY 
 
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 EDINBURGH
 
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