EXCHANGE 
 
 OEPT. 
 
COMMONWEALTH BUREAU OF CENSUS AND STATISTICS. 
 
 MELBOURNE. 
 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT 
 IN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 Prepared under instructions from 
 THE MINISTER OF STATE FOR HOME AND TERRITORIES, 
 
 BY 
 
 G. H. KNIBBS, C.M.G., 
 
 Hon. Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society, Membre 
 de 1'Institut Internationa! de Statistique, Honprary 
 Member of American Statistical Association and of the 
 Societe de Statistique de Paris, &c., &c. 
 
 COMMONWEALTH STATISTICIAN. 
 
 JULY, 1919. 
 
 C.7099. 
 
 [C.S. 346.] 
 
 By Authority : 
 Albert J. Mullett, Government Printer, Melbourne. 
 
* ^ 
 
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PREFACE. 
 
 Up to the present time, no systematic attempt has been made to investigate the 
 various systems of Local Government in all the Australian States. As it is desired, if 
 possible, to utilize the municipal subdivision of the States as a basis for the presentation 
 of data in connexion with the next census, it has been considered advisable to undertake 
 a fairly exhaustive examination of the systems at present in force. At the same time, 
 the development of Local Government in Australia has been traced from its inception, 
 and all available statistical information collected. 
 
 In the conspectus at the end are given details not only of all the Acts at present in 
 force which relate to Local Government directly, but also of such Acts the carrying out 
 of the provisions of which may be handed over to or undertaken by Local Authorities. 
 
 Undertakings of public utility, which are managed solely by Government officials, 
 are not mentioned in the following pages, except in a few cases, where circumstances 
 warranted it, such as in the case of a public utility having been first managed by a 
 Local Authority and subsequently by Government, or vice versa. 
 
 It is appropriate to acknowledge here the services of Mr. Brian H. H. Hooker, of this 
 Bureau, in connexion with the critical collation of a great number of parliamentary Acts 
 and official documents, and the preparation of the large amount of tabular matter required 
 in the work. 
 
 G. H. KNIBBS, 
 
 Commonwealth Statistician. 
 
 Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics, 
 Melbourne, 8th July, 1919. 
 
 411519 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Section. Subject. Page 
 
 I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 
 
 II. Municipalities, &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 
 
 III. Water Supply and Sewerage . . . . . . . . . . 155 
 
 IV. Harbour Trusts and Marine Boards . . . . . . . . ..212 
 
 V. Fire Brigade Boards . . . . . . . . . . ..222 
 
 VI. Conspectus of Acts relating to Local Government . . . . . . 229 
 
 VII. Chronological Table of the Principal Acts relating to Local Government . . 308 
 
SYNOPSIS. 
 
 SECTION I INTRODUCTION. 
 
 PAGE 
 1. Local Government 
 
 1. General .. .. ..1 
 
 (i) Municipalities . . . . 1 
 
 (ii) Water, Sewerage and Irrigation 
 
 Boards . . . . . . 1 
 
 (iii) Harbour and Marine Boards . . 
 
 (iv) Fire Brigade Boards. . 1 
 
 2. Early History of Local Government 
 
 in Australia . . . . . . 2 
 
 3. History of Local Government in the 
 
 various States . . . . 2 
 
 (i) New South Wales . . . . 2 
 
 (ii) Victoria . . . . . . 2 
 
 (iii) Queensland.. .. ..2 
 
 (iv) South Australia 
 
 (a) Road Boards . . . . 3 
 
 (ft) Municipal Corporations . . 
 
 (c) District Councils . . 3 
 
 (d) City of Adelaide .. 3 
 (v) Western Australia . . . . 3 
 
 (vi) Tasmania . . . . . . 4 
 
 (a) Road Districts . . 4 
 
 (ft) Rural Municipalities .. 4 
 
 (c) Town Boards . . 4 
 
 (d) Fruit Boards . . . . 4 
 
 (e) Rabbit Trusts . . . . 4 
 (/) Local Boards of Health . . 4 
 (g) Boards of Works . . 4 
 (h) Recreation Ground Trusts 4 
 () School Boards . . . . 4 
 (j) City of Hobart . . 4 
 (k) City of Launceston . . 5 
 
 2. Water Supply, Sewerage, and Irrigation 
 
 1. General .. .. ..5 
 
 (i) Water Supply . . . . 5 
 
 (ii) Sewerage . . . . . . 5 
 
 (iii) Irrigation and Drainage . . 5 
 
 2. New South Wales . . . . 5 
 
 (i) Sydney Water Supply . . 5 
 
 (ii) Sydney Sewerage . . 5 
 
 (iii) Hunter District Water Supply 5 
 
 (iv) Hunter District Sewerage . . 5 
 
 (v) Water Supply in Country Towns 5 
 
 (vi) Sewerage in Country Towns . . 5 
 (vii) Water, Irrigation and Drainage 
 
 Trusts . . . . 5 
 
 PAGE 
 
 3. Victoria .. .. ..6 
 
 (i) Melbourne Water Supply . . 6 
 
 (ii) Melbourne Sewerage . . . . 6 
 
 (iii) Geelong Waterworks and 
 
 Sewerage . . . . . . 6 
 
 (iv) Water Supply in Country 
 
 Towns . . . . . . G 
 
 (v) Irrigation . . . . . . 6 
 
 4. Queensland . . . . 6 
 
 (i) Brisbane Water Supply . . 6 
 
 (ii) Brisbane Sewerage . . . . 6 
 
 (iii) Water Supply in Country 
 
 Towns . . . . . . 6 
 
 (iv) Irrigation . . . . . . 
 
 5. South Australia . . . . 
 
 (i) Adelaide Water Supply . . 6 
 
 (ii) Adelaide Sewerage . . . . 6 
 
 (iii) Water Supply in Country 
 
 Towns . . . . 6 
 
 (iv) Drainage . . . . . . 6 
 
 (v) Irrigation . . . . . . 
 
 6. Western Australia .. ..7 
 
 (i) Perth and Fremantle Water 
 
 Supply . . . . 7 
 
 (ii) Metropolitan Sewerage . . 7 
 
 (iii) Goldfields Water Supply . . 7 
 (iv) Water Supply in Country 
 
 Towns . . . . 7 
 (v) Drainage . . 
 
 7. Tasmania . . . . . . 7 
 
 (i) Hobart Water Supply . . 7 
 
 (ii) Hobart Sewerage . . . . 7 
 
 (iii) Launceston Water Supply . . 7 
 
 (iv) Launceston Sewerage . . 7 
 (v) Water Supply in Country 
 
 Town? . . ' . . . . 7 
 
 3. Harbour and Marine Boards- 
 
 1. Harboiir Boards 
 
 2. Marine Boards . . 
 
 4. Fire Brigade Boards 
 
 1. General 
 
 SECTION EL-MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 New South Wales- 
 
 (A) MUNICIPALITIES AND SHIRES. 
 
 1. General Review .. .. ..8 
 
 2. Legislation prior to the Formation of 
 
 Parish Road Trusts . . 8 
 
 3. Parish Roads Act 1840 . . 8 
 
 4. District Councils Act 1842 . . 9 
 
 5. Sydney Suburban Roads Act 1848 . . 9 
 
 6. Municipalities Act 1858 .. ..10 
 
 7. Municipalities Act 1867 . . . . 11 
 
 (i) Boroughs . . . . 11 
 
 (ii) Municipal Districts . . . . 11 
 
 8. Local Government (Shires) Act 1905 . . 11 
 
 9. Local Government Ext,enstion Act 1906 11 
 
 10. Local Government Act 1906 . . 11 
 
 (i) Areas Incorporated . . . . 12 
 
 (ii) Provisions of the Art . . 12 
 
 (a) Allocation of Areas . . 12 
 
 (b) Cities . . . . . . 12 
 
 (c) Reconstitution of Areas . . 12 
 
 (d) Constitution of Councils . . 12 
 
 (e) Qualifications of Electors 
 
 and Councillors . . 12 
 (/) Functions of Councils . . 13 
 (a) Rates and Rateable Pro- 
 perty . . . . 13 
 (i) General Rates . . 13 
 (ii) Special Rates . . 14 
 (iii) Local Rates .. 14 
 (iv) Loan Rates.. .. 14 
 (//) Borrowing Powers . . 14 
 (i) Endowment . . . . 14 
 
VI 
 
 SYNOPSIS. 
 
 SECTION II. MUNICIPALITIES, -ETC. continued. 
 
 PAGE 
 . 14 
 . 14 
 17 
 
 11. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. 
 (i) Municipalities 
 (ii) Shires 
 
 (B) CITY OF SYDNEY. 
 
 1 . General . . . . . . 18 
 
 2. Legislation previous to Incorporation 
 
 in 1842 . . . . . . 18 
 
 3. Incorporation of the City of Sydney 
 
 Act 1842 .. .. .'.18 
 
 4. Sydney Corporation Act 1850 . . 19 
 
 5. Dissolution of the City Council, 1853 19 
 
 6. Restoration of the City Council, 1857 19 
 
 7. Sydney Corporation Act 1879 . . 20 
 
 8. Sydney Corporation Amendment Act 
 
 1900 . . . . . . . . 20 
 
 9. Sydney Corporation Act 1902 . . 20 
 10. Revenue, Expenditure, <fcc. . . 20 
 
 (C) SUMMARY TABLES. 
 1. Revenue, Expenditure. &c. . . 23 
 
 (D) MUNICIPAL GAS WORKS. 
 
 1. General .. .. . . 26 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, etc. . . 2<> 
 
 (E) MUNICIPAL ELECTRICITY WORKS. 
 
 1. Genera! . . . . . . 27 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, <vc. . . 27 
 
 2. Victoria 
 
 (A) MUNICIPALITIES AND SHIRES. 
 
 1. General Review .. .. ..28 
 
 2. Legislation prior to the Formation of 
 
 Road Districts . . . . 29 
 
 3. Roads Act 1853 . . . . . . 29 
 
 4. Municipal Institutions Act 1854 .. 29 
 
 5. Local Government Act 186:> . 30 
 
 6. Public Works Statute 18(i;> . 30 
 
 7. Shires Statute 1869 . . .30 
 
 8. Boroughs Statute 1869 . . .30 
 
 9. Local Government Act 1874 . 30 
 
 10. Local Government Act 1890 . 31 
 
 11. Country Roads Act 1912 . . .32 
 
 12. Rating on Unimproved Values Act 
 
 1914 . . . . . . . . 32 
 
 13. Workers'. Dwellings Act 1914 . . 32 
 
 14. Local Government Act 1915 . . 32 
 
 (i) Constitution of Municipalities.. 32 
 
 (a) Shires .. ..32 
 
 (b) Boroughs . . . . 32 
 
 (c) Townships . . . . 32 
 
 (d) Dissolution of Boroughs 
 
 and Shires . . . . 33 
 
 (ii) Qualifications of Councillors . . 33 
 (iii) Qualifications of Electors. &c. 33 
 (iv) Powers and Functions of Coun- 
 cils .. .. ..33 
 
 (v) Rateable Property and Method 
 
 of Valuation . . . . 34 
 
 (vi) Rates .. . . . . 34 
 
 (a) General Rates . . . . 34 
 
 (b) Extra Rates . . . . 34 
 
 (c) Separate Rates . . 34 
 (vii) Borrowing Powers . . . . 35 
 
 (viii) Endowment . . . . 35 
 
 15. Municipal Rates Recovery Act 1916 ., 35 
 
 16. Revenue, Expenditure. <Vc. .. 36 
 
 (B) CITY OF MELBOITKM:. 
 
 1. General Review .. ..42 
 
 2. Incorporation of the City of Melbourne 
 
 Act 1842 .. .. ..42 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure, <fec. . . 42 
 
 (C) CITY OF GEELONG. 
 
 1. General Review .. ..45 
 
 2. Incorporation of the Town of Geelong 
 
 Act 1849 . . ... ) . . 45 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. . . 45 
 
 (D) SUMMARY TABLES. 
 
 1. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. .. 48 
 
 (E) GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE. 
 1. Expenditure by Government .. 51 
 
 (F) COUNTRY ROADS BOARD. 
 1. Revenue and Expenditure 
 
 51 
 
 (G) MUNICIPAL TRAMWAYS. 
 
 1. General .. .. ..51 
 
 2. The Prahran-Malvern Tramway . . 52 
 
 3. The Melbourne, Brunswick, and 
 
 Coburg Tramway . . 52 
 
 4. The Hawthorn Tramway . . .52 
 
 Tramway 
 
 5. The North cote Tramway . . 
 
 6. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. 
 
 :>-2 
 
 3. Queensland 
 
 (A) MUNICIPALITIES, DIVISIONS AND SHIRES. 
 
 1. General Review .. ..52 
 
 2. Legislation prior to Separation . . 52 
 
 3. Municipal Institutions Act 1864 .. 53 
 
 4. Provincial Councils Act 1864 . . 53 
 
 5. Road Trusts . . . . . . 54 
 
 6. Local Government Act 1878 . . 54 
 
 7. Diiisional Boards Act 1879 . . 55 
 
 8. Divisional Boards Act 1887 . . :><; 
 
 9. Local Authorities Act 1902 . . 56 
 
 (i) Constitution of Local Authorities 5(i 
 
 (ii) Reconstitution of Areas . . 56 
 
 (iii) Constitution of Councils . . :>t> 
 
 (iv) Qualifications of Voters . . :>0 
 
 (v) Election of Members .. .. 57 
 (vi) Powers and Duties of Local 
 
 Authorities . . 57 
 
 (vii) Valuations and Rates . . 57 
 
 (a) General Rates . . . . 57 
 
 (b) Special Rates . . . . 58 
 (viii) Borrowing Powers . . 58 
 
 (ix) Tramways . . . . . . 58 
 
 (x) Agricultural Drainage . . 5^ 
 
 (xi) Joint Action . . . . 5* 
 
 10. Reve'nue, Expenditure, *c. . . 59 
 
 (Ii) CITY OF BRISBANE. 
 
 1. General . . . . . . 66 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, tvc. . . 66 
 
 (C) SUMMARY TABLES. 
 
 1. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. .. 70 
 
 (D) ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND TRAMWAYS. 
 
 1. Electric Lighting and Power . 72 
 
 2. Municipal Tramways . . .72 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure. &c. . 73 
 
 4. Rockhampton Tramway . . .73 
 
 5. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. . 73 
 
 4. South Australia 
 
 (A) INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 1. General . . . . . . 73 
 
 (B) ROAD BOARDS. 
 
 1. Great Eastern Road Act 1841 . . 74 
 
 2. Main Roads Act 1849 . . . . 74 
 
 3. Main Roads Act 1852 . . . . 74 
 
 4. Roads Act 1865 . . . . . . 74 
 
 5. Main Roads Act 1874 . . . . 75 
 
 6. Roads Act 1884 . . . . . . 75 
 
 7. Length of Roads and Expenditure. . 75 
 
 (C) MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS. 
 
 1. General .. .. ..76 
 
 2. Municipal Corporations Ordinance 
 
 1849 .. .. ,.78 
 
 3. Municipal Corporations Act 1861 . . 76 
 
 4. Municipal Corporations Act 1880 . . 76 
 
 5. Municipal Corporations Act 1890 . . 77 
 
 (i) Constitution of Areas . . 77 
 
 (ii) Constituti-n of Councils .. 77 
 
 (iii) Qualifications of Citizens . . 77 
 
 (iv) Election of Members of Councils 77 
 
 (v) Powers and Functions of 
 
 Councils . . . . . . 78 
 
 (vi) Valuation and Rates . . 78 
 
 (vii) Loans . . . . . . 78 
 
 (viii) Gas and Electric Light 
 
 6. Revenue, Expenditure, <vr. . . 78 
 
SYNOPSIS. 
 
 vn 
 
 SECTION II. MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. continued. 
 
 ' l>) UlSTUICT (.'Ol.'NClLS. 
 
 1. District Council* Art 1852 .. 81 
 
 2. District Councils Act 1853 . . 81 
 
 Jrirt Councils Act 1876 . . 82 
 
 i. Dittrlet OovHcttt Act 1887 .. 82 
 
 - District Councils Art 1914 . 53 
 
 (i) A roiis of Districts .. ..83 
 
 (ii) C(.ns( itution of Councils .. 83 
 
 (iii) Qualifications of Voters . . 83 
 
 (iv) Election of Councillors . . 83 
 
 (v) Duties and Powers of Councils . . 83 
 
 (vi) Valuation and Rates . . 84 
 
 (a) General Rate . . . . 84 
 
 (ft) Special Rate . . . . 84 
 
 (c) Separate Rate . . . . 84 
 
 (d) Differential Separate Rate 84 
 
 (e) Watering Rate . . 84 
 (v!i) Borrowing Powers . . . . 84 
 
 (viii) Government Grants . . 84 
 
 (ix) Joint Authorities . . . . 84 
 
 6. Revenue, Expenditure. &c. .. 85 
 
 (E) CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 1 . General . . . . . . 87 
 
 2. Mii/liri/iri/ (_'<tfii-ir/it!(iiix Onliii'i/tn' 
 
 1840 .. .. ..87 
 
 3. Management of the City as a Go- 
 
 vernment Department, 1843 . . 88 
 
 4. Management of the City by Com- 
 
 missioners, 1849 . . . . 88 
 ~>. Municipal Corporations Ordinance. 
 
 1849 .. .. ..88 
 
 6. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. . . 89 
 
 (F) ADELAIDE TRAMWAYS. 
 
 1. Municipal Tramways Trust .. 91 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, <fcc. . . 92 
 
 (G) ADELAIDE ABATTOIRS. 
 
 1. General 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. 
 
 (H) SUMMARY TABLES. 
 1. Revenue, Expenditure. &c. .. 93 
 
 5. Western Australia 
 
 (A) INTRODUCTORY. 
 1. General Review . . . . 95 
 
 (B) TOWN TRUSTS AND MUNICIPALITIES. 
 
 1. Management, of Roads and Streets Act 
 
 1838 .. .. .. ..95 
 
 2. Towns Improvement Act 1839 . . 95 
 
 3. Towns Improvement Act 1841 . . 95 
 
 4. Towns Improvement Ordinance 1850' 96 
 
 5. Special Provisions for Fremantle . . 96 
 
 6. Municipal Institutions Act 1871 . . 96 
 
 7. Municipal Institutions Act 1876 . . 97 
 
 8. Municipal Institutions Act 1895 . . 98 
 
 9. Municipal Institutions Act 1900 . . 98 
 
 10. Municipal Corporations Act 1906 98 
 
 (i) Constitution of Municipalities.. 98 
 
 (ii) Constitution of Councils . . 98 
 (iii) Qualifications of Mayor and 
 
 Councillors . . . . 98 
 
 (iv) Qualifications of Electors . . 99 
 
 (v) Powers and Duties of Councils 99 
 
 (vi) Valuation of Rateable Property 99 
 
 (vii) Rates . . . . . . 99 
 
 (viii) Borrowing Powers . . . . 100 
 
 11. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. .. 100 
 
 (C) CITY OP PERTH. 
 
 1. General Review .. ..102 
 
 2. City of Perth Improvement Ordinance 
 
 '1858 .. .. ..102 
 
 3. Municipal Institutions Act 1871 . . 102 
 
 4. Perth Municipal Gas and Electric 
 
 Lighting Act 1911 . . . . 102 
 
 5. Electric. Light and Power Agreement 
 
 Act 1913 .. .. ..102 
 
 6. Revenue, Expenditure, <fcc. . . 102 
 
 (D) ROAD TRUSTS AND DISTBICTS. 
 
 1. Management of Roads and Streets Act 
 
 1838 . . . . . . . . 104 
 
 2. Roads and Streets Act 1841 . . 104 
 
 3. Roads Ordinance 1847 . . . . 105 
 
 4. District Roads Act 1871 . . . . 105 
 
 5. Roads Act 1888 . . . . . . 106 
 
 6. Roads Act 1902 . . . . . . 106 
 
 7. Roads Act 1911 . . . . . . 107 
 
 (i) Constitution of Road Districts 107 
 
 (ii) Constitution of Road Boards . . 107 
 
 (iii) Qualifications of Electors . . 107 
 
 (iv) Powers and Duties of Boards. . 107 
 
 , (v) Revenue of Boards . . . . 108 
 
 (vi) Valuation of Rateable Property 108 
 
 .. 109 
 
 .. 109 
 
 .. 109 
 
 .. 109 
 
 .. 109 
 
 . 109 
 
 (vii) 
 
 (a) General Rates . . 
 (ft) Local Rates 
 (c) Loan Rates 
 (viii) Auditors 
 8. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. 
 
 (E) LOCAL BOARDS OF HEALTH. 
 
 1. General .. .. .. 110 
 
 2. Public Health Act 1886 . . . . 110 
 
 3. Health Act 1898 .. .. ..Ill 
 
 4. Health Act 1911 . . . . . . Ill 
 
 5. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. .. 112 
 
 (F) SUMMARY TABLES. 
 1. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. .. 113 
 
 (G) MUNICIPAL TRAMWAYS. 
 
 1. General .. .. . . 114 
 
 2. Fremantle Tramways .. ,. . 114 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure, itc. . . 115 
 
 4. Leonora-Gwalia Tramway .. 115 
 
 5. Revenue, Expenditure ; etc. ' . . 115 
 
 6. Tasmania 
 
 (A) INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 1. General .. . . ..115 
 
 2. Expenditure by Government . . 116 
 
 (B) ROAD DISTRICTS. 
 
 1. Roads Act 1840 .. .. ..116 
 
 2. Hobart to Launceston Main Road Act 
 
 1847 .. .. ..116 
 
 3. Cross and Bye Roads Act 18 *7 . . 116 
 
 4. Roads exempted from the Cross and 
 
 Bye Roads Act . . . . 116 
 
 5. Cross and Rye Roads Act 1851 . . . 117 
 
 6. Cross and Bye Roads Act 1860 . . 117 
 
 7. Cross and Bye Roads Act 1870 . . 117 
 
 8. Main Roads Act 1880 . . . . 117 
 
 9. Branch Roads Construction Act 1881 118 
 
 10. Roads Maintenance Act 1881 . . 118 
 
 11. Roads Act 1884 .. . ..118 
 
 (i) General . . . . . 118 
 
 (ii) Roads . . . . . 118 
 
 (a) Main Roads . . . 118 
 
 (b) Cross Roads . . . 119 
 
 (c) By-Roads . ..119 
 (iii) Miscellaneous Provisions . . 119 
 (iv) Amendments . . . . 119 
 
 12. Main Roads Maintenance Act 1918 .. 119 
 
 (i) Main Roads . . . . 119 
 
 (ii) Main Roads Advisory Board . . 119 
 
 (iii) Revenue of the Board . . 119 
 
 (iv) Functions of the Board . . 119 
 
 (v) Maintenance of Main Roads . . 120 
 
 13. Revenue. Expenditure; &c. . . 120 
 
 (C) RURAL MUNICIPALITIES. 
 
 1. Rural Municipalities Act 1858 . . 122 
 
 2. Rural Municipalities Act 1865 . . 123 
 
 3. Amendments to the 1865 Act . . 123 
 
 4. Repeal of Rural Municipalities Act 124 
 
 5. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. .. 124 
 
Vlll 
 
 SYNOPSIS. 
 
 SECTION II. MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. continued. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 (D) TOWN BOARDS. 
 
 1. Town Boards Act 1884 127 
 
 2. Town Boards Act 1891 . . . . 127 
 
 3. Town Boards Act 1896 . . . . 128 
 
 4. Repeal of Town Boards Act . . 128 
 
 5. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. . . 128 
 
 (E) FRUIT BOARDS. 
 
 1. General .. ..129 
 
 2. Codlin Moth Act 1887 . . . . 129 
 
 3. Codlin Moth Act 1888 . . . . 129 
 
 4. Abolition of Fruit Districts and 
 
 Boards . .. 130 
 
 (F) RABBIT BOARDS. 
 
 1. General .. ..130 
 
 2. Rabbits Destruction Act 1871 . . 130 
 
 3. Rabbits Destruction Act 1877 . . 130 
 
 4. Rabbits Destruction Act 1882 . . 130 
 
 5. Rabbits Destruction Act 1887 . . 130 
 
 6. Rabbits Destruction Act 1888 . . 130 
 
 7. Rabbits Destruction Act, 1889 . . 130 
 
 8. Local Government Act 1906 . . 130 
 
 9. Revenue and Expenditure . . 131 
 
 (G) LOCAL BOAKDS OP HEALTH. 
 
 1. General .. .. ..131 
 
 2. Public Health Act 1885 . . . . 131 
 
 3. Sanitary Rate Act 1887 . . . . 131 
 
 4. Public Health Act 1889 . . . . 131 
 
 5. Public Health Act 1903 . . . . 131 
 
 6. Health Rate Act 1905 . . . . 132 
 
 7. Local Government Act 1906 . . 132 
 
 (H) BOARDS OP WORKS. 
 
 1. General .. .. ..132 
 
 2.' Constitution and Functions of Boards 132 
 3. Revenue and Expenditure . . 132 
 
 (I) RECREATION GROUND TRUSTS. 
 1. General 
 
 132 
 
 (J) MUNICIPALITIES. 
 
 1. General . . . . . . 133 
 
 2. Local Government Act 1906 . . 133 
 
 (i) Incorporation of Municipalities 133 
 
 (ii) Formation and Alteration of 
 
 Municipalities .. ..133 
 
 (iii) Constitution of Councils . . 133 
 (iv) Qualifications of Councillors . . 133 
 (v) Qualifications of Electors . . 134 
 (vi) Local Districts and Local Com- 
 mittees .. .. ..134 
 
 (vii) Officers . . . . . . 134 
 
 (viii) Powers and Duties of Councils 134 
 
 (ix) United Municipalities . . 134 
 
 (x) Sources of Revenue . . . . 134 
 
 (xi) Rates . . . . . . 134 
 
 (a) General Rates . . . . 134 
 
 (6) Special Rates . . . . 134 
 
 (xii) Exemptions from Rating . . 135 
 
 (xiii) Borrowing Powers . . . . 135 
 
 (xiv) Audit . . . . . . 135 
 
 (xv) By-laws . . . . . . 135 
 
 (xvi) Water Districts . . . . 135 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure,. &c. . . 135 
 
 (K) CITY OP HOBART. 
 
 1. Police Act 1838 . . . . . . 136 
 
 2. Hobart Town Commissioners Act 1846 136 
 
 3. Hobart Town and Launceston Munici- 
 
 pal Councils Act 1852 . . . . 136 
 
 4. Hobart Toivn and Launceston Police 
 
 Act 1857 .. .. ..137 
 
 5. Hobart Town Corporation Act 1857. . 137 
 
 6. Hobart Town Improvement Act 1857 138 
 
 7. Hobart Town and Launceston Powers 
 
 Act 1857 . . . . . . 138 
 
 PAGE 
 
 8. Hobart Town Building Act 1858 ..138 
 
 9. Hobart Building Act 1886 . . 138 
 
 10. Hobart Corporation Act 1893 . . 138 
 
 11. Hobart Light Act 1896 . . . . 139 
 
 12. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. . . 139 
 
 13. Hobart Tramways .. ..142 
 
 (i) Hobart Tramway Company . . 142 
 (ii) Hobart Corporation Tramway 
 
 Act 1912 . . . . . . 142 
 
 (iii) Revenue, Expenditure, &c. . . 142 
 
 (L) CITY OP LAUNCESTON. 
 
 1. Police Act 1838 .. .. ..142 
 
 2. Hobart Town and Launceston Munici- 
 
 pal Councils Act 1852 . . . . 142 
 
 3. Launceston Building Act 1853 . . 143 
 
 4. Launceston Building Act 1854 . . 143 
 
 5. Hobart Town and Launceston Police 
 
 Act 1857 . . . . . . 143 
 
 6. Hobart Town and Launceston Powers 
 
 Act 1857 . . . . . . 143 
 
 7. Launceston Corporation Act. 1858 . . 143 
 
 8. Launceston Improvement Act 1858 . . 143 
 
 9. Amendments of the Launceston Cor- 
 
 poration Act 1858 . . . . 143 
 
 10. Launceston Corporation Act 1894 . . 143 
 
 11. Amendments of the Launceston Cor- 
 
 poration Act 1894 . . . . 143 
 
 12. Launceston Building Act 1894 . . 144 
 
 13. Launceston Water and Light Act 1895 144 
 
 14. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. . . 144 
 
 15. Launceston Tramways . . . . 147 
 
 (i) Launceston Tramway Act 1906 147 
 (ii) Launceston Tramivay Act (No. 3) 
 1908 .. .. .. ..147 
 
 (iii) Revenue, Expenditure, &c. . . 147 
 
 (M) ACTS BEARING ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 1. Police Acts .. ..147 
 
 (i) Police Act 1838 . . . . 147 
 
 (ii) Police Act 1865 . . . . 147 
 
 (iii) Rural Police Rate Act 1867 . . 148 
 
 (iv) Police Act Amendment Act 1883 148 
 
 (v) Police Act Amendment Act 1900 148 
 
 (vi) Police Act 1905 . . . . 148 
 
 2. Valuation Acts . . . . . . 148 
 
 (i) Property Valuation Act 1857 . . 148 
 
 (ii) Assessment Act 1898 . . 148 
 
 (iii) Assessment Act 1900. . . . 148 
 
 (iv) Annual Values Assessment Act 
 
 1911 .. .. ..148 
 
 3. Rates Collection and Recovery Act 
 
 1858 .. .. .. 149 
 
 4. Rates Relief Act 1863 .. ..149 
 
 5. Rural Voting Act 1884 . . . . 149 
 
 6. Municipal Association Act 1916 . . 149 
 
 (1ST) GOVERNMENT GRANTS AND SUBSIDIES. 
 
 1. General .. 149 
 
 2. Waste Lands Act 1870 . . . . 149 
 
 3. Appropriation in Aid of Road Rates 
 
 Act 1889 . . . . . . 149 
 
 4. Aid to Road Rates Act 1898 . . 149 
 
 5. Aid to Road Rates Act 1906 . . 150 
 
 6. Aid to Road Rates Act 1908 . . 150 
 
 7. Aid to Road Rates ActJ.915 . . 150 
 
 (0) LOCAL PUBLIC WORKS. 
 
 1. Local Public Works Act 1867 . . 150 
 
 2. Local Public Works Act 1872 . . 150 
 
 (P) LOANS TO LOCAL BODIES. 
 
 1. Roads Loans Act 1871 . . . . 150 
 
 2. Local Bodies Loans Act 1881 . . 150 
 
 3. Local Public Works Loans Act 1890 150 
 
 (Q) SUMMARY TABLES. 
 1. Revenue Expenditure, &c. :. 151 
 
 7. Commonwealth 
 
 1. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. 
 
 153 
 
SYNOPSIS. 
 
 IX 
 
 SECTION III.-WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 . 1. New South Wales- 
 
 (A) SYI>NK\ WATKK SI/ITLY. 
 
 1. Early Sources of Supply . . . . 155 
 
 2. Metropolitan Wator and Sewerage 
 
 Board . . . . . . 155 
 
 3. Description of Works . . . . 155 
 
 (i) Catchment Area . . . . 155 
 
 (ii) Cataract Dam .. .. 156 
 
 (iii) Prospect Reservoir . . . . 156 
 
 (iv) Pott's Hill Reservoir .. 156 
 
 (v) Other Reservoirs and Tanks . . 156 
 
 (vi) Aqueducts and Mains .. 156 
 
 (vii) Pumping stations .. ..156 
 
 4. Houses Supplied, itc. . . . . 156 
 
 5. Revenue and Expenditure . . 157 
 
 6. Other Towns supplied by the Metro- 
 
 politan Hoard . . . . . . 159 
 
 7. Capital Cost, Revenue, &c. . . 159 
 
 (B) SYDNEY SEWERAGE. 
 
 1. General . . .. . . 159 
 
 2. Original Sewerage Scheme . . 160 
 
 3. Present System of Sewerage . . 160 
 
 4. Houses connected and Population 
 
 served . . . . . . 160 
 
 5. Revenue and Expenditure . . 161 
 
 (C) HUNTER DISTRICT WATER SUPPLY. 
 
 1. General .. .. ..162 
 
 2. Description of W r orks . . . . 162 
 
 3. Houses supplied, &c. . . . . 163 
 
 4. Revenue, Expenditure, etc. .. 163 
 
 (D) HUNTER DISTRICT SEWERAGE. 
 
 1. Newcastle and Suburbs Sewerage . . 164 
 
 2. Houses connected and Population 
 
 served .. .. .. 164 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. . . 165 
 
 (E) WATER SUPPLY IN COUNTRY TOWNS. 
 
 1. General . . . . . . 165 
 
 2. Capital Debt and Annual Instal- 
 
 ments due . . . . . . 165 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure, etc. . . 166 
 
 4. Waterworks Constructed by Munici- 
 
 palities .. 166 
 
 (F) SEWERAGE IN COUNTRY TOWNS. 
 
 1. General .. .. . . 166 
 
 2. Capital Debt. Ac. . . . . 167 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure, etc. . . 167 
 
 (G) WATER, IRRIGATION, AND DRAINAGE 
 TRUSTS. 
 
 1. General .. .. ..167 
 
 2. Drainage Promotion Act 1865 . . 168 
 
 3. Drainage Promotion Act 1901 . . 168 
 
 4. Water and Drainage Act 1902 . . 168 
 
 5. Water Act 1912 . . . . . . 168 
 
 6. Wentworth Irrigation Act 1890 . . 168 
 
 7. Haii Irrigation Act 1892 . . . . 169 
 
 8. Balranald Irrigation Act 1893 . . 169 
 
 2. Victoria- 
 
 (A) MELBOURNE WAIER SUPPLY. 
 
 1. General .. .. ..169 
 
 2. The Melbourne and Metropolitan 
 
 Board of Works . . . . 169 
 
 3. Metropolitan Water Supply .. 170 
 
 4. Description of Water Supply Systems 170 
 
 (i) The Yan Yean System . . 170 
 
 (ii) The Maroondah System . . 171 
 
 (iii) The O'Shannassy System . . 171 
 (iv) Catchment Areas . . . . 172 
 
 (v) Storage Reservoirs . . . . 172 
 
 (vi) Aqueducts, Mains and Reticu- 
 lation .. .. ..173 
 
 (vii) Cost of Construction ..173 
 
 5. Consumption of Water . . . . 174 
 
 6. Ordinary Revenue, Expenditure, &c. 175 
 
 C. 7099. b 
 
 PAGE 
 
 (B) MELBOURNE SEWERAGE. 
 
 1. General .. . . .. 176 
 
 2. Description of Sewerage System . . 177 
 
 (i) North Y a rra .Main Sewer .. 177 
 
 (ii) South Yarra Main Sewer .. 177 
 
 (iii) Hobson's Bay Main Sewer .. 177 
 
 (iv) Subsidiary Main Sewer . . 177 
 
 (v) Pumping Station . . . . 177 
 
 (vi) Length of Sewers . . . . 177 
 
 (vii) House Connexions . . . . 178 
 
 (viii) Area Sewered . . . . 178 
 
 3. Tenements Connected, &c. . . 178 
 
 4. Ordinary Revenue, Expenditure, &c. 178 
 
 5. Loan Revenue, Expenditure, &c. . . 179 
 
 6. Metropolitan Sewage Farm . . 180 
 
 7. Ordinary Revenue Expenditure; &c., 
 
 of Sewage Farm . . . . 180 
 
 (C) GEELONG WATERWORKS AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 1. General . . .. . . 181 
 
 2. Waterworks . . . . . . 181 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. . . 181 
 
 4. Sewerage Scheme . . . . 181 
 
 (D) COUNTRY WATERWORKS AND IRRIGATION. 
 
 1. General .. .. ..181 
 
 2. Victorian Water Conservation Act 
 
 1881 .. .. .. ..182 
 
 3. Water Conservation Act 1883 ..182 
 
 4. Irrigation Act 1886 . . . . 182 
 
 5. Water Conservation Act 1887 . . 182 
 
 6. Water Act 1890 . . . . . . 182 
 
 7. Mallee Tanks Act 1895 . . . . 182 
 
 8. Water Supply Advances Relief Act 
 
 1899 . . . . . . 182 
 
 9. Water Act 1900 . . . . . . 183 
 
 10. Water Act 1905 . . . . . . 183 
 
 11. Water Act 1915 .. .. ..183 
 
 12. Local Government . 4 cts 1903-1915 .. 183 
 
 13. Mildura Irrigation Trust .. .. 183 
 
 14. Capital Cost . . . . . . 183 
 
 15. Outstanding Loans . . . . 185 
 
 16. Waterworks Trusts, Revenue and 
 
 Expenditure . . . . . . 185 
 
 17. First Mildura Irrigation Trust. 
 
 Revenue and Expenditure . . 186 
 
 3. Queensland 
 
 (A) BRISBANE WATER SUPPLY. 
 
 1. Early Sources of Supply . . . . 186 
 
 2. Brisbane Waterworks Act 1863 . . 186 
 
 3. Brisbane Water Supply Act 1889 . . 186 
 
 4. Metropolitan Water and Sewerage 
 
 Act 1909 . . . . . . 187 
 
 5. Description of Waterworks . . 187 
 
 (i) Enoggera Reservoir . . . . 187 
 
 (ii) Gold Creek Reservoir . . . . 187 
 
 (iii) Brisbane River Supply .. 187 
 
 (iv) Cabbage Tree Creek Reservoir 187 
 
 (v) Service Reservoirs . . . . 187 
 
 6. Revenue, Expenditure, Ac. . . 187 
 
 (B) BRISBANE SEWERAGE. 
 1. General .. .. ..190 
 
 (C) WATERWORKS IN COUNTRY' TOWNS. 
 
 1. General . . .. .. 190 
 
 2. Water A^horities Act 1891 . . 190 
 
 3. Rockhampton Waterworks Act 1875 . . 190 
 
 4. Charters Towers Water Board . . 190 
 
 5. Revenue, Expenditure, etc. . . 190 
 
 (D) IRRIGATION BOARDS. 
 
 1. Irrigation Act 1891 .. ..192 
 
 2, Rights in Water and Water Conser- 
 
 vation and Utilization Act 1910 192 
 
 4. South Australia 
 
 (A) ADELAIDE WATER SUPPLY. 
 
 1. General .. 192 
 
 2. Description of Works . . . . 192 
 
 3. Revenue, Working Expenses, Ac. . . 193 
 
SYNOPSIS. 
 
 SECTION III. WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE continued. 
 
 5. 
 
 (B) ADELAIDE SEWERAGE. 
 General 
 
 Revenue, Expenditure, &c. 
 
 (C) COUNTRY WATERWORKS. 
 General 
 
 Revenue, Expenditure, &c. 
 
 (D) DRAINAGE BOARDS. 
 General 
 
 Revenue, Expenditure, &c. 
 
 (E) IRRIGATION TRUSTS. 
 General 
 
 Reclaimed Swamp Lands Trusts 
 
 1906 
 Irrigation and Reclaimed Lands 
 
 1908 .. 
 Irrigation and Reclaimed Lands 
 
 1914 
 Renmark Irrigation Trusts. 
 
 194 
 194 
 
 195 
 195 
 
 196 
 197 
 
 197 
 198 
 198 
 
 5. Western Australia 
 
 (A) LEGISLATION. 
 
 1. General .. .. ..199 
 
 2. Waterworks Act 1889 . . . . 199 
 
 3. Metropolitan Waterworks Act 1896 . . 199 
 
 4. Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Act 
 
 1904 . . . . . . . . 199 
 
 5. Metropolitan Water Supply, Sewerage 
 
 and Drainage Act 1909 . . . . 199 
 
 6. Coolgardie Goldjbldt Water Supply 
 
 Loan Act 1896 . . . . . . 199 
 
 7. Goldfields Water Supply Construction 
 
 Act 1898 , . . . . . 199 
 
 8. Goldfields Water Supply Act 1902 . . 199 
 
 9. Water Boards Act 1904 . . . . 200 
 
 10. Land Drainage Act 1900 . . . . 200 
 
 11. Water Supply Sewerage and Drainage 
 
 .. . ..200 
 
 200 
 200 
 200 
 200 
 200 
 201 
 201 
 
 202 
 202 
 202 
 202 
 
 (B) METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLY. 
 
 1. Sources of Supply . . 
 
 (i) The Victoria Reservoir 
 (ii) The Mundaring Reservoir 
 (iii) The Bickley Brook Reservoir 
 (iv) Artesian Bores . . . . 
 
 2. Consumption of Water, <tc. 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure, <fec. 
 
 (C) METROPOLITAN SEWERAGE. 
 
 1. General .. .. 
 
 2. Perth Sewerage . . . . 
 
 3. Fremantle Sewerage . . 
 
 4. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. 
 
 (D) WATER SUPPLY FOR COUNTRY TOWNS. 
 
 1. General . . . . .. 02 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. . . 203 
 (E) GOLDFIELDS WATER SUPPLY. 
 
 1. Description of Waterworks .. 203 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. .. 203. 
 
 (F) MINES WATER SUPPLIES. 
 
 1. General . . . . . . 204 
 
 (G) WATER SUPPLIES IN AGRICULTURAL 
 
 AREAS. 
 1. General .. .. .. 204 
 
 (H) LAND DRAINAGE. 
 
 1. General . . . . . . 204 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. . . 204 
 
 6. Tasmania 
 
 (A) INTRODUCTORY. 
 1. General . . . . . . 204 
 
 (B) HOBART WATER SUPPLY. 
 
 1. Pure Water for Hobart Town Act 1835 204 
 
 2. Hobart Town Water Act 1848 . . 205 
 
 3. Hobart Town Rivulet Improvement Act 
 
 1854 .. .. .. ..205 
 
 4. Hobart Town Water Act (No. 3), 1858 205 
 
 5. Hobart Town Water Act 1860 
 
 6. Hobart Water Act 1893 . . 
 
 7. Description of Works 
 
 8. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. 
 
 (C) HOBART SEWERAGE. 
 
 1. General 
 
 2. Metropolitan Drainage Act 1891 
 
 3. Metropolitan Drainage Act 1898 
 
 4. Hobart Sewerage Act 1912. . 
 
 5. Description of Sewerage Works 
 
 6. Revenue, &c. . 
 
 205 
 .. 205 
 .. 206 
 .. 206 
 
 .. 207 
 
 .. 207 
 .. 207 
 .. 208 
 .. 208 
 .. 208 
 (D) LAUNCESTON WATER SUPPLY. 
 
 1. Launceston Water Supply Act 1852. . 208 
 
 2. Launceston Water Act 1878 . . 208 
 
 3. Launceston Water and Light Act 1895 209 
 
 4. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. . . 209 
 
 (E) LAUNCESTON SEWERAGE. 
 
 1. General . . . . . . 210 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. . . 210 
 (F) WATERWORKS IN COUNTRY TOWNS. 
 
 1. General . . . . . . 211 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. .. 211 
 
 (G) DRAINAGE. 
 1. Drainage Promotion Act 1917 . . 211 
 
 SECTION IV.-HARBOUR TRUSTS AND MARINE BOARDS. 
 
 1. New South Wales- 
 
 (A) SYDNEY HARBOUR TRUST. 
 1. General .. .. ..212 
 
 (B) WOLLONGONG HARBOUR TRUST. 
 
 1. General .. .. ..212 
 
 2. Revenue and Expenditure . . 212 
 
 2. Victoria 
 
 (A) MELBOURNE HARBOUR TRUST. 
 
 1. Constitution of the Trust . . 212 
 
 2. Works in the River Yarra 
 
 (i) Coode Canal . . . . 213 
 
 (ii) Victoria Dock . . . . 213 
 
 3. Works at Port Melbourne 
 
 (i) Town Pier . . . . . . 213 
 
 (ii) Old Railway Pier . . . . 213 
 
 (iii) Xew Railway Pier .. ..213 
 
 4. Works at Williamstown . . . . 213 
 
 5. Works in Hobson's Bay . . . . 213 
 
 6. Dredging . . . . . . 213 
 
 7. Revenue and Expenditure . . 214 
 
 (B) GEELONG HARBOUR TRUST. 
 
 1. Constitution and Powers of Trust . . 211 
 
 2. Revemie and Expenditure . . 215 
 
 3. Queensland 
 
 1. Harbour Boards Act 1892 
 
 2. Harbour Boards Constituted 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. 
 
 4. South Australia 
 
 1. General 
 
 5. Western Australia 
 
 1. Constitution of Harbour Trusts 
 2.- Fremantle Harbour Trust 
 
 6. Ts 
 
 (A) MARINE BOARDS. 
 General 
 
 Marine Boards Act 1857 
 Marine Boards Act 1889 
 Strahan Marine Board 
 Mersey Marine Board 
 Table 'Cape Marine Board 
 Circular Head Marine Board 
 Revemie, Expenditure, &c. 
 
 (B) HARBOUR TRUSTS. 
 General 
 
 Leven Harbour Trust Act 1901 
 SmitMon. Harbour Trust Act 1909 
 
 .. 215 
 .. 215 
 .. 216 
 
 .. 217 
 
 217 
 217 
 
 217 
 217 
 218 
 218 
 219 
 219 
 219 
 219 
 
 221 
 221 
 222 
 
 North Eastern Harbour Trust Act ] 913 222 
 Revenue, Expenditure, &c. . . 222 : 
 
SYNOPSIS. 
 
 Xfc 
 
 SECTION V. FIRE BRIGADES. 
 
 1. New South Wales 
 
 1. Fire Br igades Act 1884 .. ..222 
 
 2. Fire Brigades Act 19QQ . . ..223 
 
 3. Revenue and Expenditure . . 223 
 
 2. Victoria 
 
 1. General . . . . . . 224 
 
 2. The Metropolitan Fire Brigades 
 
 Board .. .. ..224 
 
 3. Revenue and Expenditure . . 224 
 
 4. The Country Fire Brigades Board . . 224 
 
 5. Revenue and Expenditure . . 225 
 
 3. Queensland- 
 
 1. General 
 
 2. Fire Brigades Act 1876 . 
 
 3. Fire Brigades Act 1881 . 
 
 4. Revenue and Expenditure 
 
 225 
 225 
 225 
 226 
 
 PAGE 
 4. South Australia 
 
 1. General .. .. .. 226 
 
 2. Fire Brigades Act 1862, . . . . 226 
 
 3. Fire Brigades Act 1867 . . . . 226 
 
 4. Fire Brigades Act 1883 . . . . 226 
 5.' Fire Brigades Act 1890 . . . . 227 
 
 6. Fire Brigades Act 1904 .. ..227 
 
 7. Fire Brigades Act 1913 . . . . 227 
 
 5. Western Australia 
 
 1. General .. .. ..227 
 
 2. Fire Brigades Act 1898 . . . . 227 
 
 3. District Fire Brigades Act 19CT9 . . 227 
 
 4. Fire Brigades Act 1916 . . . . 228 
 
 5. Revenue, Expenditure, <fec. . . 228 
 
 6. Tasmania 
 
 1. Fire Brigades Act 1883 . . . . 229 
 
 2. Fire Brigades Act 1900 . . . . 229 
 
 SECTION VI. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 GOVERNMENT. 
 
 1. General .. .. .. ..229 
 
 2. Conspectus of Acts relating to Local 
 
 Government now in force in Australia . . 230 
 
 1. General . . .. . . 230 
 
 2. Constitution of Councils . . . . 232 
 
 3. Qualifications and Election of Coun- 
 
 cillors .. .. ..232 
 
 4. Qualifications and Election of Chair- 
 
 man . . . . . . . . 231 
 
 5. Auditors . . . . . . 236 
 
 6. Retirement of Chairman and Coun 
 
 cillors .. .. ..236 
 
 7. Electors .. .. ..238 
 
 8. Method of Conducting Elections . . 240 
 
 9. Meetings of Council . . . . 244 
 
 10. Meetings and Poll of Ratepayers . . 244 
 
 11. Officers . . . . . . 246 
 
 12. Revenue and Expenditure of Coun- 
 
 cils .. .. .. ..246 
 
 13. Accounts and Audit . . . . 248 
 
 14. Loans .. .. .. ..250 
 
 1 5. Rates . . . . . . . . 252 
 
 16. Liability for Rates . . . . 254 
 
 17. Valuations or Assessments . . 256 
 
 18. Contracts .. .. ..260 
 
 19. By-laws, Ordinances, &c. . . 260 
 
 20. Acquisition and Disposal of Land . . 262 
 
 21. Main Roads .. .. ..262 
 
 22. Public Roads . . . . . . 264 
 
 23. Alignment and Levels of Roads . . 266 
 
 24. Maintenance of Public Roads . . 268 
 
 25. Gates Across Roads . . . . 270 
 
 26. Private Roads . . . . . . 270 
 
 27. Traffic . . . . . . 270 
 
 28. Motor Traffic 
 
 29. Buildings 
 
 30. Abattoirs and Slaughter Houses 
 
 31. Bridges 
 
 32. Cemeteries 
 
 33. Dairies 
 
 34. Dogs . . 
 
 35. Ferries 
 
 36. Fire Brigades 
 
 37. Hawkers and Pedlars 
 
 38. Hoardings, Advertising, &c. 
 
 39. Impounding 
 
 40. Land Reclamation 
 
 41. Lighting 
 
 42. Markets and Weighbridges 
 
 43. Noxious Animals and Birds 
 
 44. Noxious Insects 
 
 45. Noxious Plants 
 
 46. Noxious Trades 
 
 47. Places of Recreation 
 
 48. Public Health 
 
 49. Sewerage and Drainage . . 
 
 50. Theatres, &c. . . 
 
 51. Tramways 
 
 52. Vehicles' 
 
 53. Water Supply 
 
 54. Wharves and Jetties 
 
 55. Workers' Dwellings 
 
 56. Miscellaneous Powers of Councils 
 
 57. Joint Authorities 
 
 58. Municipal Associations 
 
 59. Legal Proceedings 
 
 60. Evidence 
 
 272 
 274 
 274 
 276 
 276 
 278 
 278 
 280 
 280 
 282 
 284 
 284 
 286 
 286 
 288 
 288 
 292 
 294 
 294 
 296 
 296 
 29ft 
 298- 
 298 
 300- 
 302 
 302- 
 304 
 304 
 304 
 306- 
 306- 
 
 SECTION VH. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL ACTS 
 RELATING TO LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 1. General .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..307 
 
 2. Chronological Table of the Principal Acts relating to Local Government in 
 
 Australia (excluding Amending Acts) . . . . . . . . . . 308 
 
SECTION I. 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 1. Local Government. 
 
 1. General. Various systems of Local Government have for many years past been 
 adopted in European countries, where the management of the streets, &c., has been 
 entrusted to Councils elected by the inhabitants of the greater cities. In London, for 
 example, municipal government has been in operation for centuries past, hence it was 
 only natural that with the increase of population in Australia, similar institutions would 
 be established. Since the first formation of Town Trusts in Western Australia in 1838, 
 the development of Local Government has been fairly rapid, so that at the present day 
 practically the whole area of four States is under the control of Municipal or District 
 Councils, while only the more thinly populated parts of New South Wales and South 
 Australia are not yet brought under their jurisdiction. 
 
 As between the States, the duties and functions of the various municipal and other local 
 authorities have throughout varied very slightly, their main function being the upkeep 
 and construction of roads and bridges. Other duties are the sanitary arrangements, the 
 lighting of their areas, and the administration of Acts such as the Dog Act, Pood and 
 Drugs Act, Slaughtering Act. Weights and Measures Act, Width of Tires Act, &c., in 
 those States in which the duties imposed by those Acts are not specifically included in 
 the Local Government Act of such States. 
 
 The provision of a water supply is not so generally entrusted to Municipalities ; in the 
 chief cities they are under the control of an independent Board appointed by the members 
 of groups of Municipal Councils or by the Governor in Council. 
 
 In addition to the functions which a Local Authority must carry out, there are a large 
 number which it may, either with or without the consent of the Governor in Council or 
 of the ratepayers, perform, such as the establishment of tramways and other means of 
 communication, of hospitals, recreation grounds, libraries, charitable institutions, 
 museums, and such matter as bands. 
 
 In the following pages the systems of Local Government are classified under four 
 headings : 
 
 (i) Municipalities. Under this heading are understood all bodies which have general 
 control over areas defined under the various Local Government Acts. Usually a distinction 
 is made in the Acts between town and country Municipalities ; in some States separate 
 Acts have been passed for each, and in others the same Act applies to both, certain powers 
 being conferred on the one class and not on the other. Under th,e former are included 
 Cities, Towns, Boroughs, and Urban Municipalities, under the latter Rural Municipalities 
 and Shires. Local Boards of Health are usually municipal, but in some parts of Western 
 Australia they are independent of the Municipality. The Cities of Sydney, Melbourne, 
 Geelong, Hobart, and Launceston are administered under separate State Acts. 
 
 (ii) Water, Sewerage, and Irrigation Boards. These Boards manage the water supply 
 and sewerage of towns and districts, irrigation works, drainage, &c. Where, as in some 
 cases, the Boards are created by Government, they do not come within the purview of this 
 pamphlet. Where, however, the members of the Boards are elected, mention is made 
 herein of their functions and duties. 
 
 (iii) Harbour and Marine Boards. These Boards, dealing solely with matters relating 
 to harbour works and shipping, are described whenever the members are elective. 
 
 (iv) Fire Brigade Boards. These relate solely to fire brigades, the Local Authorities 
 and fire insurance companies electing the members. 
 
 C.7099. 
 
2 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Each of these four groups has a separate chapter devoted to it, although in many cases 
 they overlap ; thus a Municipal Council may also be a Water Board, and so on. 
 
 2. Early History of Local Government in Australia. The first State to adopt any 
 system of Municipal Government was Western Australia, where in 1838 Town Trusts were 
 formed. It is doubtful whether, strictly speaking, these Trusts come under the heading 
 of self-government, as they were not elected, but consisted of all resident Justices of the 
 Peace and land-owners in the Town. The City of Adelaide was first incorporated in 1840, 
 and in the same year in New South Wales, Trusts were elected to manage the roads within 
 parishes. In 1842 the first District Councils were incorporated under Letters Patent 
 issued by the Governor under the Imperial Act, which gave a constitution to New -South 
 Wales. Melbourne was incorporated under a special Act in 1842. The first State Acts 
 constituting Municipalities were passed in New South Wales in 1858, in South Australia 
 in 1849, and in Western Australia and Tasmania in 1858. The New South Wales Act 
 of 1842 applied also to Victoria, but after separation was replaced in the latter State 
 in 1854 bv a new Act. In Queensland, after separation, an Act passed in 1864 replaced 
 that of New South Wales of 1858. 
 
 3. History of Local Government in the various States. The following is a brief 
 resume of the progress made in Local Government by the different States : 
 
 (i) New South Wales. Under The Parish Roads Act 1840 it was not compulsory on 
 the inhabitants to form a Trust, the Magistrates being authorized to call a meeting for 
 the purpose of settling the question, while District Councils under the 1842 Act could only 
 be incorporated by Letters Patent. In other districts, with the exception of the City of 
 Sydney, roads and other means of communication were either directly controlled by 
 Government or placed hi the hands of Commissioners appointed by the Governor. Under 
 the Municipalities Acts of 1858, 1867, and 1897 Municipalities could only be proclaimed 
 upon petition from resident householders. Under the Local Government Act 1906, 
 existing Municipalities remained, and the Governor was empowered to divide the balance 
 of the State into Shires, no petition being required. At the end of 1916, the area 
 incorporated in Municipalities and Shires was 183,526 square miles, out of a total area of 
 310,367 square miles, or nearly 60 per cent. 
 
 The City of Sydney was incorporated in 1842 ; the Council was, however, dissolved in 
 1853, but restored again in 1857. The Incorporation Act has been amended from time 
 to time and was consolidated in 1879 and 1902. 
 
 (ii) Victoria. Prior to separation, the New South Wales Act of 1842 applied to Victoria, 
 but the Constitution Act of 1850 contained provisions for the abolition of existing Councils 
 and for the incorporation of fresh ones upon petition from inhabitant householders. In 
 1853, main roads were placed under the control of a Board nominated by the Governor, 
 who was also authorized on petition from land and householders to proclaim Road 
 Districts under the control of a Board elected by the ratepayers. For smaller areas not 
 exceeding 9 square miles the Municipalities Act 1854 allowed the formation of Municipal 
 Districts, while the Act of 1863 retained existing Road Districts and made provision for 
 the creation of further Road Districts and also of Shires. Under this Act the minimum 
 area for a Road District was fixed at 40 square miles, and for a Shire at 100 square miles. 
 The Local Government Act 1874 classified Districts into Boroughs and Shires, while 
 the whole were termed Municipalities. Cities and Towns were deemed to be Boroughs, 
 while Road Districts were converted into Shires. Alterations were made to this Act 
 from time to time, and it was finally consolidated in 1915, by which time the whole of 
 Victoria, with the exception of French Island, had been incorporated. Melbourne and 
 Geelong were proclaimed Towns in 1842 and 1849 respectively, while Melbourne was 
 created a City in 1847 and Geelong in 1910. Both these Cities are still working under 
 the Acts of 1842 and 1849 with their amendments respectively, and are not subject to the 
 provisions of the other Acts relating to Municipalities. 
 
 (iii) Queensland. Prior to separation, two Municipalities had been incorporated 
 under the New South Wales Municipalities Act 1858. This Act was replaced by the 
 Municipal Institutions Act 1864, by which any City, Town, or Rural District could be 
 constituted a Municipality provided that it contained not less than 250 inhabitants. In 
 order to provide Local Government for rural districts, the Provincial Councils Act was 
 passed in the same year, but became a dead letter, only one Council having been formed, 
 which soon ceased to exist. The Local Government Act 1878 divided Municipalities 
 
INTRODUCTION. 3 
 
 into Boroughs and Shires, the former comprising Towns and the latter Country District <. 
 New Municipalities could be created, but must at least have 500 resident inhabitants. 
 Under the Divisional Boards Act 1879, the whole of the Colony, exclusive of already 
 constituted Municipalities, was split up into Divisions. The two Acts were consolidated 
 by the Local Authorities Act 1902, Municipalities other than Shires being now termed 
 Cities or Towns, and Shires and Divisions, Shires. . 
 
 The City of Brisbane was incorporated in 1859, but is subject to the provisions of the 
 same Acts as other Municipalities. 
 
 (iv) South Australia. In this State there were formerly three types of Local 
 Authorities Road Boards, Municipal Corporations, and District Councils. 
 
 (a) Road Boards. The first Board was formed by the Act of 1841 of a number of 
 persons mentioned therein to manage the Great Eastern Road, but was dissolved in 1844, 
 and th& road handed back to Government. Under the Main Roads Act 1849 certain main 
 roads were placed under the jurisdiction of a Central Board appointed by the Governor, 
 while District Boards could be elected by the inhabitants of each Hundred for other public 
 roads. In 1852, these subsidiary roads were handed over to the District Councils 
 mentioned below, all main roads still remaining under the management of the Central 
 Board. In 1865 the Governor was empowered to proclaim Districts and appoint Local 
 Boards of Main Roads, but in 1874 the Central and Local Boards were abolished, and 
 eight Main Road Districts formed, each with a Board partly elected by Municipal and 
 District Councils. On the passing of the District Councils Act 1887, the control of the 
 maintenance of main roads was handed over to District Councils. The cost of making 
 and maintaining main roads has always been defrayed by Government. 
 
 (b) Municipal Corporations. The first Ordinance of 1849, as well as the Act of 1861, 
 related primarily to Adelaide, but other towns could also be incorporated. The Act of 
 1890, with its amendments, stilt in force, allows for the proclamation of new Municipalities, 
 but stipulates that the value of property therein must be sufficient to produce at least 
 300 per annum from the general rate. 
 
 (c) District Councils. The first District Councils Act was passed in 1852, and empowered 
 the Governor to constitute Districts, with Councillors elected by the ratepayers. This 
 Act, after having been frequently amended, was finally repealed by the Act of 1914, now 
 in force. At present a new. District can be proclaimed only if the area contains rateable 
 property capable of yielding 200 on a rate not exceeding one shilling in the pound. 
 
 (d) City of Adelaide. The City of Adelaide was first incorporated in 1840, but in 
 1843 the Council was dissolved, and the City managed as a Government Department. 
 In 1849 the management was handed over to a Board of Commissioners appointed by the 
 Governor, and in 1852 the City Council was again formed under an Ordinance passed in 
 1849. 
 
 At the present date an area of 46,361 square miles have been incorporated into Municipal 
 Corporations or District Councils out of a total area of 380,070 square miles, a little over 
 12 per cent. 
 
 (v;- Western Australia. The first Act in 1838 placed the management of streets, &c., 
 in Townships in the hands of Trusts, the members of which were composed of all resident 
 Justices of the Peace and proprietors of allotments. These Trusts, with the exception 
 of the Perth Trust, continued until 1871. The Municipal Institutions Act 1871 abolished 
 the Trusts, and empowered the Governor to proclaim any Town a Municipality. This 
 principle is still in force, with the exception that in 1895 a Town could only be proclaimed 
 a Municipality if it contained rateable property capable of yielding 300 on a shilling 
 rate, which was changed in 1906 to 750 upon an annual rate. 
 
 In 1838 a Trust was formed of all Justices of the Peace and proprietors of 1,000 acres 
 of land to take over the management of all roads and bridges not within the limits of a 
 Township, and in 1841 owners of not less than 320 acres of land were included. In 1847 
 it was abolished, and the roads were handed over to a Central Board of Works appointed 
 by the Governor, with power to form Local District Boards consisting of all persons 
 owning 320 acres of land within the District ; in 1849, however, both the Central and 
 Local Boards were abolished, the construction and management of the roads reverting to 
 Government. 
 
 Under the District Roads Act 1871 the Governor could proclaim Road Districts 
 with Local Boards, and this provision remained through all subsequent Acts, and is at 
 present in force. 
 
4 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Perth originally was governed by a Town Trust, but this was not found to be satis- 
 factory, as an Ordinance was passed in 1858 by which the City Council was elected by 
 the ratepayers. Since 1871 the City has been subject to the provisions of the Acts 
 governing other Municipalities. 
 
 At present date the whole of Western Australia is incorporated either in Municipalities 
 or District Councils. 
 
 (vi) Tasmania. Prior to the passing of the Local Government Act 1906, there was 
 a great variety of elective Boards in Tasmania, each in control of a District for certain 
 specified objects, but they were all abolished by that Act. These various Boards were as 
 follows : 
 
 (a) Road Districts. Under The Hoods Act 1840, the control of the main Hobart to 
 Launceston Road was retained by the Government, while that of other roads was placed 
 under the management of District Commissioners elected by the inhabitants of the District. 
 In 1847 these latter roads were placed under the control of the Court of Quarter Sessions, 
 but in the following years several roads were exempted by special Acts and handed over . 
 to Trustees elected by householders. Under the Cross and Bye Roads Act 1851 the 
 Governor could proclaim Road Districts under the control of Trustees elected by the 
 land-owners and householders of the District. In 1865 provision was made that where 
 any roads were under the control of a Municipality such Municipality was deemed to be 
 a Road District. Under the Main Roads Act 1880 certain scheduled roads were 
 withdrawn from the control of Road Districts and handed over to the Government, other 
 Main Roads being grouped into Main Road Districts under Boards ; but where such Main 
 Roads were within a Rural Municipality or Road District these latter became the Main Road 
 Districts. The cost of the maintenance of Main Roads was defrayed by Government. 
 
 (6) Rural Municipalities. Under the Rural Municipalities Act 1858 any Town or 
 Electoral, Police or Road District could be proclaimed a Rural Municipality with a 
 Council elected by the ratepayers. In 1865 the whole Colony, with the exception of the 
 Cities of Hobart Town and Launceston, was divided into 30 Municipal Districts ; of these, 
 seventeen had already been constituted, and others could be proclaimed on petition. 
 
 (c) Town Boards. Under the Town Boards Act 1884 the Governor could constitute 
 a Town, provided that it was not situated within the boundaries of a Rural Municipality. 
 Trustees elected by the ratepayers exercised the provisions of the Police Act with regard 
 to the health and improvement of Towns, and in the following year every Town was 
 declared to be a Road District. 
 
 (d) Fruit Boards. These could be constituted under the Codlin Moth Act 1887 by 
 the Governor, with a Board elected by fruit-growers. 
 
 (e) Rabbit Trusts. The Rabbit Destruction Act 1871 authorized the Governor to 
 proclaim Rabbit Districts, with Boards elected by land-owners. These Trusts were 
 abolished in 1882, and again constituted in 1887. In 1889 every Municipal District was 
 declared to be a Rabbit District. 
 
 (/) Local Boards of Health. Under the Health Act 1885 a Central Board of 
 Health was constituted, and the Councils of Rural Municipalities and Town Boards 
 became Local Boards of Health. Other Local Boards could be proclaimed where no 
 Municipality or Town Board existed. The Central Board was abolished in 1903, and its 
 duties transferred to a Chief Health Officer. 
 
 (g) Boards of Works. These were appointed by the Governor as Advisory Boards 
 regarding the expenditure of the moneys set apart for the construction of roads and 
 bridges under the Waste Lands Act 1863. In 1870 these moneys were handed over to 
 the Trustees of Districts. 
 
 (h) Recreation Ground Trusts. Under the Public Recreation Grounds Act 1888 these 
 grounds were placed in the hands of Trustees elected by electors for the House of Assembly 
 residing in a proclaimed Recreation Ground District. 
 
 (i) School Boards. These were appointed by the Governor. \ 
 
 (j) City of Hobart. The earliest Act' referring to Hobart Town is the Police Act 
 1838, by which the Surveyor-General was to set out the limits of the Town and make 
 footpaths. In 1846 Hobart Town was placed in the hands of Commissioners elected by 
 the ratepayers, arid in 1852 in those of a Municipal Council. In 1857 it was declared a 
 City, and in 1881 the name was changed to Hobart. The present Act regulating the City 
 Council was passed in 1893, and with its amendments is still in force. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 5 
 
 (A) City of Launcestpn. Launceston was given its first Municipal Council in 1852, at 
 the same time as Hobart, but was not incorporated until 1858. It was proclaimed a 
 City in 1888, and is now managed under the Launceston Corporation Act 1894, with its 
 amendments. 
 
 When the Local Government Act 1906 was passed all Boards were abolished, their 
 duties being handed over to Municipal Councils. The whole of the State was at the same 
 time divided up into Municipalities. 
 
 2. Water Supply, Sewerage, and Irrigation. 
 
 1. General. At present all the capital cities in Australia, as well as some country 
 towns, have comprehensive systems for water supply and sewerage. Irrigation areas 
 have also been proclaimed in various States, as well as Drainage Boards. 
 
 (i) Water Supply. In the capital cities of Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane the water 
 supply is in the hands of Boards, elected by Municipal Councils, though in Sydney the 
 Government is also represented ; in Adelaide and Perth it is wholly under Government 
 control : while in Hobart and Launceston the City Councils have the sole management. 
 In country towns in New South Wales the Government constructs waterworks and hands 
 them over to Municipalities when completed. In Victoria and South Australia waterworks 
 are wholly under Government control, with the exception of Geelong. where there is an 
 elective Board. In Queensland and Tasmania they are in the hands of Municipalities^ 
 though in the latter State a few are managed by elective Boards. 
 
 (ii) Sewerage. Sewerage systems are worked conjointly with water supply schemes, 
 and are controlled in the same manner. 
 
 (iii) Irrigation and Drainage. In New South Wales and Victoria these are entirely 
 in the hands of the Government, with the exception of the Mildura Trust in Victoria. 
 In Queensland they are under the supervision of the Local Authorities, in South Australia 
 under that of elective Trusts, and in Western Australia partly under Boards and partly 
 under Government. 
 
 '2. New South Wales. Sydney and Newcastle both have comprehensive systems 
 of water supply and sewerage, while in several country towns there are smaller systems. 
 Irrigation is now wholly in the hands of Government, while there are also a large -number 
 of Drainage, Water and Bore-water Trusts. 
 
 (i) Sydney Water Supply. When the City Council was formed it took over certain 
 waterworks which had been constructed by Government. In 1888, the management of 
 the water supply was transferred from the City Council to the Metropolitan Water 
 and Sewerage Board, which was constituted in that year, and consisted of members 
 appointed by the Government, the City Council and other Municipalities. 
 
 (ii) Sydney Sewerage. The first sewerage system was begun in 1853, and the present 
 one in 1877. The former constructed by the City Council, and the latter by the 
 Government, were handed over to the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board in 1889. 
 
 (iii) Hunter District Water Supply. The waterworks for the supply of water to the 
 Newcastle District were constructed by the Government and handed over in 1892 to 
 a' Board partly nominated by the Governor and partly elected by Municipalities interested 
 therein. 
 
 (iv) Hunter District Sewerage. Similarly to the water supply, the Government 
 constructed the works and when portions were completed transferred them to the Hunter 
 District Water and Sewerage Board, the first transfer having been made in 1907. 
 
 (v) Water Supply in Country Towns. Under the Country Towns Water Supply and 
 Sewerage Act 1880, the Government constructs the works and hands them over to the 
 Municipalities when complete ; in some cases, however, the Municipalities themselves 
 construct the works either with money advanced by Government or out of their own 
 resources. 
 
 (vi) Sewerage, in Country Towns. Sewerage systems have been constructed in country 
 towns by the Government, and handed over to the Municipalities, though in a few cases 
 they have been constructed by the Municipalities themselves. 
 
 (vii) Water, Irrigation and Drainage Trusts. Trusts for draining swamp lands were 
 first authorized in 1865, and further Acts were passed in 1902 and 1912. Trusts have been 
 created for drainage, water supply, and artesian bores. At Hay, Wentworth, and 
 
6 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Balranald, Municipal Irrigation Trusts were formed in 1890 to 1893, but were dissolved 
 in 1913. The Government took over these, and has also carried out other irrigation 
 schemes, notably the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Scheme. 
 
 3. Victoria. Melbourne and suburbs have a comprehensive scheme for water supply 
 and sewerage, as well as Geelong. There are also systems of water supply in country 
 towns, as well as irrigation schemes 
 
 (i) Melbourne Water Supply. The water supply of Melbourne until 1853 was in the 
 hands of the City Council, when it was transferred to the Commissioners of Sewers. In 
 1890 the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works was formed, and assumed control 
 of the waterworks. 
 
 (ii) Melbourne Sewerage. One of the objects for which the Metropolitan Board of 
 Works was formed was the carrying out of a system of sewerage for Melbourne and 
 suburbs, which work was inaugurated by that Board and has since been controlled by it. 
 
 (iii) Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage. These works were originally in the hands 
 of a Trust elected in 1907 by the Councils of Geelong and adjoining Municipalities, 
 but in 1910 this Trust was superseded by one, the members of which are elected by 
 the ratepayers. 
 
 (iv) Water Supply in Country Towns. At first country waterworks Were constructed 
 by the Government, but since 1881 Municipal Councils could elect Trusts for that purpose. 
 
 (v) Irrigation. In 1883, Irrigation Districts and Trusts could be formed, but in 
 1905 all Irrigation Trusts except the Mildura Trust and a large number of waterworks 
 were vested in the State Rivers and Water Supply Commission. 
 
 4. Queensland. Waterworks have been constructed for Brisbane and other Towns, 
 and sewerage works are in course of construction for Brisbane. Local authorities can 
 also construct waterworks. Irrigation is placed in the hands of Boards. 
 
 (i) Brisbane Water Supply. The first works were constructed by the Brisbane Board 
 of Waterworks, appointed by the Governor. Under the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage 
 Act 1909, all the Brisbane waterworks were vested in the Metropolitan Water and 
 Sewerage Board, the chairman of which is appointed by the Governor, and the members 
 elected by Municipal Councils interested. 
 
 (ii) Brisbane Sewerage. This is in course of construction, the work being carried out 
 by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board. 
 
 (iii) Water Supply in Country Towns. Under the Water Authorities Act 1891, water 
 .areas can be proclaimed and placed under the jurisdiction of one or more Local Autho- 
 rities, which are empowered to construct waterworks. 
 
 (iv) Irrigation. Irrigation areas can be proclaimed under the Irrigation Act 1891, 
 and Boards constituted similarly to those under the Water Authorities Act of the same 
 year. 
 
 5. South Australia. The City of Adelaide has both a water supply system and a 
 sewerage system ; several country towns are supplied with water, and there are also 
 Drainage and Irrigation Trusts. 
 
 (i) Adelaide Water Supply. The Adelaide waterworks were originally in the hands 
 of the City Council, but were handed over to Commissioners in 1855, and finally to 
 Government in 1858, being now administered by the Commissioner of Public Works. 
 
 (ii) Adelaide Sewerage. The control of the sewers of Adelaide was transferred from 
 the City Council, in 1878, to the Commissioner of Public Works. 
 
 (iii) Water Supply in Country Towns. Practically the whole of the country waterworks 
 have been constructed and are controlled by the Government. 
 
 (iv) Drainage. Special legislation has been passed for dealing with the drainage 
 of the south-eastern part of the State, At first the works were wholly in the hands of 
 the Commissioner for Public Works, with local nominee Boards, but in 1877 subsidiary 
 drains were handed over to be maintained by Boards elected by ratepayers. These 
 Boards ceased to exist in 1895, and were merged into District Councils. In 1908, however, 
 the whole of the drainage was placed under the control of the South- Eastern Drainage 
 Board, of which one member is appointed by the Governor and four others by resident 
 landholders. 
 
 (v) Irrigation. The Governor may proclaim an irrigation area to be under the 
 control of the Commissioner of Crown Lands until two-thirds of the blocks have been 
 leased, when it passes into the hands of a Board elected by the ratepayers. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 7 
 
 6. Western Australia. The more important waterworks in this State are the Perth, 
 including Fremantle, and the goldfields waterworks. There are also minor waterworks 
 in country towns, and sewerage systems for Perth and Fremantle. 
 
 (i) Perth and Fremantle Water Supply. The Perth waterworks were first managed 
 by a private company, but in 1896 were sold to the Government and handed over to the 
 Municipal Council to be managed by a Board of four members, comprising the Mayor 
 of Perth and three members appointed by the Governor. This Board was abolished 
 in l!)04, and replaced by the Metropolitan Board of Water Supply and Sewerage, 
 consisting of three members appointed by the Governor. In 1910 a Special Minister 
 for Water Supply. Seweraizr, and Drainage was appointed, and the control of all works 
 vested in him. 
 
 (ii) Metropolitan Sewerage. Formerly under the management of the Metropolitan 
 Board of Water Supply and Sewerage, this is now in the hands of the Government. 
 
 (iii) Goldfields Water Supply. This was a purely Government undertaking. 
 
 (iv) Water Supply in Country Towns. Water areas can be constituted under the 
 jurisdiction of Local Authorities, but most of them are controlled by Government. 
 
 (v) Drainage. The Governor can constitute a Drainage District, under the control 
 of a Board. At present there are two undertakings managed by the Government, and a 
 few small ones by Boards. 
 
 7. Tasmania. Both Hobart and Launceston are provided with water supply and 
 sewerage systems. Many country towns have waterworks controlled either by Trusts 
 or Municipal Councils. 
 
 (i) Hobart Water Supply. The control of water supply was vested in 1860 in the City 
 Council, which still has the management thereof. 
 
 (ii) Hobart Sewerage. The sewerage of Hobart was controlled by the City Council 
 until 1891. when it was transferred to the Metropolitan Drainage Board, the majority 
 of the members of which we're elected by the various Local Boards of Health interested 
 from among themselves. In 1913 the sewerage works were transferred back again to 
 the Hobart City Council. 
 
 (iii) Launceston Water Supply. In this City, the construction and management of 
 the waterworks have been vested in the City Council since 1852. 
 
 (iv) Launceston Sewerage. The construction and management of the Launceston 
 sewerage system has always been under the control of the Launceston City Council. 
 
 (v) Water Supply in Country Towns. Special Acts have been passed from time to 
 time authorizing the construction of waterworks in various places by trustees elected 
 by ratepayers. In 1908 the majority of these waterworks were transferred to Municipal 
 Councils, the minority still remaining under the control of Trusts. 
 
 3. Harbour and Marine Boards. 
 
 1. Harbour Boards. In all of the more important harbour towns in Australia, Boards 
 have been created with the duties of controlling shipping, deepening water-ways, erecting 
 wharves and sheds, and performing other work in connexion with harbours. In the 
 majority of the States these Bpards consist of members directly nominated by the Govern- 
 ment, but in Melbourne and Tasmania the Harbour Trusts are elected by interested parties, 
 and in Queensland they are partly elective and partly nominated by Government. 
 
 2. Marine Boards. Excepting in Tasmania, Marine Boards are not elective. In 
 Hobart the members of the Boards are elected by ship-owners, importers, and exporters, 
 fec., and in Launceston by the ratepayers. In the outer ports they are usually elective. 
 A Marine Board in Tasmania also performs the duties imposed elsewhere on a Harbour 
 Trust. 
 
 4. Fire Brigade Boards. 
 
 1. General. The tendency of late years has been to concentrate the management of 
 Fire Brigades in the hands of a Central Board, elected by Municipal Councils and insurance 
 companies ; this is the case in New South Wales, South Australia, and Western Australia. 
 In Victoria there is, in addition to the Metropolitan Board, also a Country Board, which 
 supervises brigades in country towns. In Queensland and Tasmania there is a Board in 
 each town possessing a fire brigade. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 1. New South Wales. 
 
 (A) Road Trusts, Municipalities, and Shires. 
 
 1. General Review. The first Act which in any way provided for Local Government 
 in New South Wales was the Parish Roads Act -1840, empowering proprietors of land 
 through which a parish road passed to elect Trustees to manage the same, the revenue 
 being derived from tolls. In 1842 the Governor, under the Imperial Act establishing the 
 Legislative Council of New South Wales, was authorized to create District Councils by 
 Letters Patent. In 1849 certain scheduled roads were placed in the hands of Commis- 
 sioners. In 1858 the Municipalities Act was passed, by which Municipalities were formed, 
 while under the Act of 1867 existing Municipalities were created Boroughs, and larger 
 districts outside Boroughs could be formed into Municipal Districts. This system 
 continued in force until 1905, when all of the State outside of the City of Sydney, existing 
 Municipalities, and the Western Land Division, was divided into Shires. In the following 
 year the Local Government Act 1906, which embodies most of the provisions of the previous 
 Acts, and controls the present system of Local Government, was passed. The City of 
 Sydney, which is constituted under separate Acts, is dealt with separately, and none of 
 the following remarks apply thereto. 
 
 2. Legislation prior to the Formation of Parish Road Trusts. Prior to 1833, all public 
 works, including roads and bridges, were constructed by and maintained at the expense of 
 Government. Towards the end of the eighteenth century officers and others were 
 required from time to time to send men to repair the roads, while settlers could 
 either do their share of work in person or furnish a man for the purpose. For this work 
 the Government allowed rations. The system of levying tolls was very early in vogue, 
 and the receipts from this source were devoted to the expenses of road making and 
 mending. A somewhat original method for repairing the Sydney and Parramatta road 
 was adopted in 1806, when all public and private carts passing along the road were 
 required, if not otherwise loaded, to take a load of brickbats and drop them in the places 
 appointed by the overseer of roads. 
 
 In 1832 an Act was passed by which the Governor appointed places where toll gates 
 and ferries were to be established or continued, and fixed the rates of tolls ; he was also 
 authorized to let the tolls by auction for periods not exceeding twelve months. By 
 the Improvement of Roads Act 1833 the Governor could proclaim new roads, and state 
 whether they were to be maintained at Government or Parish expense. Two years later 
 half the householders in any Parish in the County of Cumberland could apply to the 
 Court of Petty Sessions to have a road or bridge repaired. On receipt of this application 
 the Court was to inquire into the matter, report the scale of tolls required, fix the place 
 where a toll bar was to be erected, and appoint a collector of tolls. In 1838 the Surveyor- 
 General was instructed by the Police Act to set out the carriage and footways in Parra- 
 matta, Windsor, and other towns. All streets formed at public expense were deemed to 
 be dedicated to the public. 
 
 3. Parish Roads Act 1840. By this Act one-third of the proprietors of lands through 
 which, or within 3 miles of which, a parish road passed could requisition the Magistrates 
 in Petty Sessions for authority to elect Trustees. In order to determine whether such 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 9 
 
 Trustees were to be appointed, the Magistrates were required to call a public meeting, 
 and, if the question was decided in the affirmative, to decide on the number of Trustees 
 to be appointed, and to call a second public meeting for the purpose of electing them. 
 Any land-owner owning land of the value of 200 or upwards had one vote for each 
 Trustee. The Trustees were elected for three years, and were empowered (a) to levy 
 a rate not exceeding 6d. per acre ; (6) to buy, sell, or exchange land ; (c) to appoint 
 surveyors ; (d) to establish toll bars and tolls, and to let them on lease for a period not 
 ding one year; and (e) to borrow money for the purpose of road making and 
 repairing. In 1850 the period for which tolls could be leased was extended to five years, 
 and Trustees were also empowered to repair branch roads within half a mile of a main 
 parish road. 
 
 4. District Councils Act 1842. A Legislative Council and District Councils were 
 established by An Act for the Government of New South Wales and Van Diemeri's Land, 
 passed by the Imperial Government in 1842. By this it was lawful for the Governor, 
 by Letters Patent, to incorporate District Councils, the boundaries being defined in 
 the Charter. The districts were to have Councillors roughly in proportion to the 
 population as follows : Not more than nine if less than 7,000, not more than twelve if 
 between 7,000 and 10,000, not more than fifteen if between 10,000 and 20,000, and not 
 more than 21 if the population was 20,000 and upwards. 
 
 The qualifications of a Councillor were : (a) to be 21 years of age ; (6) to be seised of 
 lands of a yearly value of 100, or of a total value of 2,000 clear of encumbrances and 
 charges ; and (c) not to be pecuniarily interested in a contract with or to hold a lucrative 
 office under the Council. The qualifications of an elector were : (a) To be seised in his 
 own right or entitled to an estate of freehold, or to be in possession of lands or tenements 
 situate within the district of a clear value of 200 ; or (6) to be a householder occupying 
 a dwelling house of the clear annual value of 20. Persons under 21 and aliens were 
 disqualified. The qualifications were respectively the same as those for members of and 
 electors for the Legislative Council. The President of the District Council was appointed 
 by the Governor, and was styled Warden. Councillors were elected for three years. 
 In each District a surveyor, who had passed an examination before a competent tribunal 
 and who was approved by the Governor, was to be appointed, and accounts were to be 
 laid before the Governor annually. The duties of the Council consisted (a) in. making, 
 maintaining, and improving existing roads, streets, bridges, and public buildings ; (6) in 
 the establishment and support of schools ; (c) in making orders and by-laws ; (d) in the 
 purchase, sale, and management of property ; and (e) in providing means for defraying 
 such expenses connected with the administration of justice and police within the districts 
 as were by law directed to be defrayed by the District. Half the cost of the police 
 (exclusive of that belonging to the convict establishment) was to be defrayed by the 
 Councils from rates levied for the purpose, the other half being provided from the General 
 Revenue. The revenue of the Councils was derived from rates, tolls, and penalties 
 inflicted for breaches of by-laws or imposed on persons refusing to serve as Councillors. 
 The first step to carry out this Act was taken in 1843 by the incorporation of Campbelltown, 
 Appin, Camden, Narellan, and Picton as one District Council, but in the same year 
 Campbelltown and Appin were separated, and different Councils were created for each. 
 In 1844 the number of District Councils had increased to eight, and these, in conjunction 
 with the Municipal Council of Sydney, and the Road Trusts, subsequently established, 
 constituted the whole of the Local Government system prior to 1858. The system of 
 District Councils does not appear to have worked satisfactorily, and attempts were made 
 'to procure the repeal of the clauses of the Imperial Act relative thereto, as it had been 
 found that these Councils were "not suited to the circumstances of the Colony, and were 
 unable to raise the taxation required for police purposes. 
 
 5. Sydney Suburban Roads Act 1848. During the period 1848 to 1858 the Governor 
 was empowered to appoint Commissioners to maintain roads, which were specified in the 
 various Acts constituting Road Trusts. All the property in the roads was vested in these 
 Commissioners, who were authorized to erect toll gates, collect tolls, &c. ; they were also 
 empowered to lease tolls for periods not exceeding two years. 
 
 On 1st May, 1890, tolls were abolished, and the operations of Road Trusts generally 
 ceased, until in 1896 onlv the South Head Road Trust was active. 
 
10 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 The following table shews the revenue and expenditure of Road Trusts from 1858 t > 
 1887, and the length of roads maintained by them from 1861 to 1887 : 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. ROAD TRUSTS. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1858 TO 1887. 
 
 Year ending 
 31st Dece.nber. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Trusts. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Lenuth 
 of 
 Roads. 
 
 Kent of 
 Tolls. 
 
 From 
 Treasury. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Salaries. 
 &c. 
 
 Miscel- 
 laneous. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Miles. 
 
 18C8 
 
 10 
 
 4,593 
 
 1,446 
 
 6,039 
 
 400 
 
 5,522 
 
 5,922 
 
 
 1859 
 
 6 
 
 3,944 
 
 1,790 
 
 5,734 
 
 572 
 
 5,852 
 
 6,224 
 
 
 1860 
 
 6 
 
 5,534 
 
 3.377 
 
 8,911 
 
 1,350 
 
 6.419 
 
 7,769 
 
 
 1861 
 
 6 
 
 4,637 
 
 2,894 
 
 7,531 
 
 711 
 
 7,610 
 
 8,321 
 
 141) 
 
 1862 
 
 7 
 
 11,763 
 
 3,635 
 
 15,S98 
 
 2,027 
 
 12,421 
 
 14,4 8 
 
 191 
 
 1863 
 
 7 
 
 5,223 
 
 5,208 
 
 10,431 
 
 1.777 
 
 12,869 
 
 14,646 
 
 191 
 
 1864 
 
 7 
 
 5,306 
 
 4,789 
 
 10,095 
 
 1,267 
 
 8,859 
 
 10,126 
 
 194 
 
 1865 
 
 7 
 
 5.359 
 
 2,065 
 
 7,424 
 
 1,216 
 
 5,869 
 
 7,085 
 
 189 
 
 1866 
 
 7 
 
 .-,636 
 
 4,669 
 
 10,305 
 
 1,734 
 
 7,608 
 
 9,342 
 
 194 
 
 1867 
 
 7 
 
 6,147 
 
 4,868 
 
 11,015 
 
 1,522 
 
 8,807 
 
 10,329 
 
 182 
 
 1868 
 
 7 
 
 5,640 
 
 4,875 
 
 10,515 
 
 1.087 
 
 9,765 
 
 10,852 
 
 182 
 
 1869 
 
 6 
 
 4,616 
 
 3,171 
 
 7,787 
 
 560 
 
 7,765 
 
 8,325 
 
 178 
 
 1870 
 
 6 
 
 4,071 
 
 2,400 
 
 6,471 
 
 794 
 
 5,664 
 
 6,458 
 
 164 
 
 1871 
 
 6 
 
 4,086 
 
 1,377 
 
 5,463 
 
 576 
 
 5,399 
 
 5,975 
 
 105 
 
 1872 
 
 6 
 
 4,301 
 
 2,369 
 
 6,670 
 
 486 
 
 4,490 
 
 4,976 
 
 186 
 
 1873 
 
 6 
 
 10,264 
 
 2,662 
 
 12,926 
 
 390 
 
 13,290 
 
 13,680 
 
 203 
 
 1874 
 
 6 
 
 4,152 
 
 2,118 
 
 6,270 
 
 358 
 
 5,810 
 
 6,168 
 
 194 
 
 1875 
 
 6 
 
 4,153 
 
 2,550 
 
 6.703 
 
 . 405 
 
 5,939 
 
 6,344 
 
 198 
 
 1876 
 
 6 
 
 3,966 
 
 2,650 
 
 6,616 
 
 390 
 
 5,810 
 
 6,200 
 
 198 
 
 1877 
 
 6 
 
 4,111 
 
 2,111 
 
 6,222 
 
 423 
 
 6,179 
 
 6,602 
 
 150 
 
 1878 
 
 6 
 
 4,025 
 
 2,993 
 
 7,018 
 
 365 
 
 5,923 
 
 6,288 
 
 150 
 
 1879 
 
 6 
 
 4,412 
 
 2,613 
 
 7,025 
 
 412 
 
 7,757 
 
 8,169 
 
 149 
 
 1880 
 
 6 
 
 4,260 
 
 2,338 
 
 6,598 
 
 366 
 
 6,424 
 
 6,790 
 
 145 
 
 1881 
 
 6* 
 
 L 4,041 
 
 2,108 
 
 6,149 
 
 494 
 
 5,848 
 
 6,342 
 
 148 
 
 1882 
 
 6 
 
 ' 4,824 
 
 4,173 
 
 8,997 
 
 550 
 
 7,690 
 
 8,240 
 
 138 
 
 1883 
 
 6 
 
 1,133 
 
 9,076 
 
 10,209 
 
 .Hll> 
 
 7,467 
 
 7,779 
 
 127 
 
 1884 
 
 6 
 
 941 
 
 7,098 
 
 8,039 
 
 331 
 
 7,181 
 
 7,512 
 
 127 
 
 1885 
 
 6 
 
 1,028 
 
 4,748 
 
 5,776 
 
 355 
 
 8,349 
 
 8,704 
 
 129 
 
 1886 
 
 6* 
 
 654 
 
 8,198 
 
 8,852 
 
 364 
 
 5,840 
 
 6,204 
 
 129 
 
 1887 
 
 6* 
 
 136 
 
 6,977 
 
 7,113 
 
 212 
 
 7,629 
 
 7,841 
 
 125 
 
 Revenue and expenditure of one Trust not available. 
 
 6. Municipalities Act 1858. Under this Act, the Imperial Act of 1842, as far a* it 
 related to District Councils, was repealed. Any City, Town, Hamlet, or Rural District 
 could be proclaimed a Municipality on petition from 50 householders, unless a stronger 
 coxmter petition was presented. At the request of the Municipality, or on petition, a 
 Municipality could be divided into two Wards if the population was below 1,000, and into 
 three Wards if over. The number of Councillors was fixed at six if the population did not 
 exceed 1 ,000, otherwise at nine. If the Municipality were divided into Wards, there were 
 to be three Councillors for each Ward. Every ratepayer was eligible as elector or 
 Councillor. The Chairman was elected by the Councillors. Councillors were elected for 
 three years, but one-third of their number retired annually. All public streets, bridges, 
 ferries, wharves, jetties, and public thoroughfares were placed under their care and 
 management ; they were also authorized to adopt means for establishing and maintaining 
 cemeteries, water supply, lighting, sewerage, public hospitals, asylums for destitute 
 children, gardens, and libraries. Councils were empowered to collect tolls, to levy a general 
 rate not exceeding one shilling in the pound, to levy special rates for sewerage, water 
 supply, and lighting, and to borrow up to an amount not greater than the revenue for 
 three years. The endowment from Government was fixed at pound for pound of rates 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 11 
 
 raised during the first five years after incorporation, ten shillings for the next five years, 
 five shillings for the third period of five years, and was then to cease. Under this Act 
 thirty-five districts were incorporated, and nearly all of these still exist. 
 
 7. Municipalities Act 1867. This Act repealed the foregoing Act, and introduced new 
 features. Under it all Municipalities were divided into Boroughs and Municipal Districts, 
 the Municipalities existing at the passing of the Act being retained and designated 
 Boroughs. 
 
 (i) Boroughs. A Borough might consist of (a) any City or Town with or without its 
 suburbs or country immediately adjacent thereto ; (b) any suburb of the Metropolis as 
 then incorporated ; or (c) any populous district. It was requisite for a Borough to have 
 a population of at least 1,000, and upon its first incorporation to contain an area of not 
 more than 9 square miles, of which no one point was to be more than 6 miles distant from 
 any other point. 
 
 (ii) Municipal Districts. A Municipal District might consist of any part of the Colony 
 not containing a Borough or an existing Municipality, and should comprise upon its first 
 incorporation an area not exceeding 50 square miles, of which no one point should be 
 more than 20 miles distant from any other point. The population of a District must 
 not be less than 500 persons. 
 
 On receipt of a petition from 50 persons liable to be assessed for municipal taxes, the 
 Governor could constitute a Municipality. A Municipality might be divided into two, 
 three, or four Wards, with six, nine, or twelve Aldermen, according as the population was 
 under 1,000 or 4,000, or 4,000 and over, respectively, there being three Aldermen for each 
 Ward. Every person of the age of 21 and over, who was liable to be rated, became an 
 elector, and was eligible, if male, as an Alderman. Plural voting for Aldermen was 
 allowed, the number of votes ranging from one to four, according as an elector was 
 assessed at under 25, 75, 150, and 150 and over. 
 
 The Councils had the same functions as were specified under the Act of 1858, but in 
 addition they were empowered (a) to erect public baths, (6) to license vehicles, (c) to extirpate 
 noxious weeds, and (d) to establish free infant schools and free libraries. The general 
 rate was limited to one shilling in the pound. Special rates could be made for sewerage, 
 lighting, libraries, and free infant schools ; but the total amount of all rates could not 
 exceed two shillings in the pound. Borrowing powers up to the estimated revenue for 
 five years were granted. The Government endowment was fixed on the same scale as 
 in the preceding Act (see p. 10). In 1880 a special endowment, equal to one-half of the 
 total amount of rates collected for the previous year, was granted for one year. In 1884 
 Councils were authorized to raise special loans for establishing gas works, or to contract 
 for the supply of gas, and in 1888 they were permitted to borrow for the erection of Town 
 Halls and Council Chambers. 
 
 In 1897 a consolidation was made of the 1867 Act and its amendments, but no 
 important alterations were made. In 1902 a special endowment of two shillings and 
 sixpence in the pound of rates collected was granted to Municipalities for the purpose of 
 making and maintaining the kerbing and guttering of streets and asphalting footpaths, 
 but only to Municipalities not in receipt of ordinary endowment. In 1904 the provisions 
 relating to municipal gasworks were extended to works for the supply of electric light 
 and power. 
 
 8. Local Government (Shires) Act 1905. Under this Act the Governor was empowered 
 to divide into Shires the whole of the State outside of the City of Sydney, any existing 
 Municipality, and the Western Land Division. The provisions of this Act are embodied 
 in the Local Government Act 1906 now in force, and are given in 10 hereinafter. 
 
 9. Local Government Extension Act 1906. This Act repealed the Municipalities Act 
 1897, but was soon after replaced by the Act at present in force, viz., the Local 
 Government Act 1906. 
 
 10. Local Government Act 1906. The statute law relating to Local Government in 
 New South Wales is now contained in the Act of 1906, which has been amended in several 
 details, more especially by the amending Acts of 1907 and 1908. 
 
12 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC 
 
 (i) Areas Incorporated. Prior to the year 1907 the total area incorporated formed 
 very small part of the area of the State, as may be seen in the following statement : 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. AREA INCORPORATED, 1860 TO 1906. 
 
 Year 
 
 1860. 
 
 1870. 
 
 1880. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1900. 
 
 1906. 
 
 Area incorporated, square miles 
 
 409 
 
 649 
 
 1,573 
 
 2,387 
 
 2,816 
 
 2,830 
 
 The areas of Municipalities for each year from 1876 to 1915 are shown in a subsequent 
 table (see pp. 15 and 17). 
 
 At the present time the whole of the Eastern and Central Land Divisions, with the 
 exception of Lord Howe Island, the Federal Territory, and a portion of the Western 
 District, are incorporated, the total area so incorporated being 183,526 square miles. 
 Of the Western Division, 125,913 square miles are still unincorporated. 
 
 (ii) Provisions of the Act. The following are the chief provisions of the Act of 1906, 
 with its amendments : 
 
 (a) Allocation of Areas. The areas controlled by Municipal Councils remain the same 
 as under the 1867 Act, while existing Boroughs and Municipal Districts are also preserved. 
 The division into Shires was effected by the Governor in Council, the number so created 
 being 135, varying in size from 36 square miles to 5,730 square miles. The division of a 
 Municipality into Wards is still optional, and can be effected on petition from the Council 
 or from a majority of ratepayers, but the division of a Shire into Ridings is compulsory. 
 
 (b) Cities. Apart from Cities already proclaimed, a District may be proclaimed a 
 City provided that it has during the preceding five municipal financial years had an 
 average population of at least 20,000 persons, and an average gross revenue of at least 
 20,000. It must, in addition, be an independent centre of population, not a suburb. 
 
 (c) Eeconstitution of Areas. The Governor is empowered (i) to unite two or more 
 areas ; (ii) to divide areas ; (iii) to alter boundaries ; (iv) to convert a Municipality into 
 a Shire and vice versa ; (v) to unite parts of an area to the whole or to part of another 
 area ; and (vi) to add land to a Municipality or Shire. As a general rule, such recon- 
 stitution is effected on petition from ratepayers. On resolutions by Councils affected, 
 and, if demanded, on a confirmatory poll of electors, an adjoining Municipality may unite 
 with the City of Sydney. 
 
 (d) Constitution of Councils. In a Municipality the number of Aldermen must not 
 be less than six nor more than twelve, except in North Sydney and in united Muni- 
 cipalities, where the number may rise to eighteen. The number of Aldermen for each 
 Ward is fixed by the Governor, and Aldermen are not entitled to any allowances or 
 travelling expenses. In a Shire the first Council consists of six Councillors, which 
 number may be increased later on to nine. Ridings have equal representation, and 
 Councillors are entitled to reasonable travelling allowances. The Mayor of a Municipality 
 and the President of a Shire are elected by the Aldermen and Councillors respectively. 
 Members are elected for three years, and all retire at the end of that period. 
 
 (e) Qualifications of Electors and Councillors. An elector may be of either sex and 
 classed either as an occupier or owner, and in a Municipality also as a ratepaying lessee, 
 provided that he is a natural-born or naturalized British subject of the age of 21 
 or upwards. An occupier is defined as a person who (i) has been continuously, during 
 the preceding three months, in joint or several occupation as tenant under lease of any 
 rateable land of a yearly value of 5 and upwards ; (ii) is manager, secretary, or director 
 of a public company renting land under the same conditions ; (iii) is resident manager 
 of any rateable land of a yearly value of 5 or over ; (iv) has been continuously, during 
 the preceding three months, in occupation of rateable land by virtue of a miner's right 
 or business licence under the Mining Act ; (v) has been continuously in occupation 
 as share-farmer of rateable land of a yearly value of 5 or over ; or (vi) is in occupation 
 of Crown lands or buildings, and paying rent for same. An owner (i) is severally or 
 jointly the owner of any rateable land ; (ii) is the manager, secretary, or director of a 
 company owning land ; (iii) is the holder of a Crown lease ; or (iv) is the resident manager 
 of a Crown lease. A ratepaying lessee is a person who, jointly or severally, or as manager 
 of a company, is the lessee of any rateable land. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 13 
 
 Any male person whose name is on the roll of electors, if not disqualified, is eligible 
 to be elected an Alderman or Councillor. 
 
 (/) Functions of Councils. The Councils of Municipalities and Shires are invested 
 with the following duties : (i) the care and control of public places and roads, with a 
 few exceptions ; (ii) the regulation of traffic ; (iii) public lighting ; (iv) the prevention 
 and mitigation of bush fires and floods ; (v) the construction and maintenance of streets, 
 jetties, and wharves ; and (vi) the administration of the Public Watering Places Act, the 
 I in pounding Act, certain parts of the Police Offences Act, the Public Health Act, and 
 the Cattle Slaughtering and Diseased Animals and Meat Act. Municipalities are also 
 charged with (i) the handling of night-soil ; (ii) the maintenance of drains and sewers 
 in villages and towns ; (iii) providing water without reticulation for villages and towns; 
 (iv) licensing public vehicles and hawkers ; and (v) the care and management of parks 
 and gardens. These latter powers may be acquired by Shires by resolution of the 
 Council followed by application to the Governor. Further powers may also be acquired 
 by either Shires or Municipalities. These are (i) the administration of the Public Gates 
 Act, and the Native Dog Destruction Act ; (ii) water supply by reticulation ; (iii) the 
 maintenance of ferries, fire brigades, municipal buildings, cattle yards, abattoirs, markets, 
 parks, recreation grounds, refuse destructors, cemeteries, and public baths ; (iv) the 
 manufacture and supply of gas, electricity, and hydraulic power ; (v) the regulation 
 and control of theatres, public halls, night shelters, and common lodging-houses ; (vi) 
 the establishment and management of places of public recreation, public libraries, art 
 galleries, museums, public gardens, and bands ; (vii) the regulation of hoardings and 
 posters, and of verandahs and balconies ; (viii) the inspection and regulation of the sale 
 of fish, meat, &c. ; (ix) the suppression of public nuisances ; (x) the regulation or 
 prevention of inflammable buildings, cattle driving, and houses of ill-fame ; (xi) the 
 establishment of milk depots and mortuaries ; (xii) advertising for settlement or 
 touring ; (xiii) the sale of stone or gravel from pits belonging to the Council, and other 
 minor matters. These powers may be acquired by a resolution passed by an absolute 
 majority of the Council and confirmed by the Governor, or if a petition, signed by 50, 
 or, if there be less than 300 ratepayers on the roll, by one-sixth of the ratepayers, be 
 presented to the Governor demanding a poll, the result of the polling determines whether 
 the powers in question shall be acquired. If a majority votes against the resolution at 
 the poll, no further action may be taken in the matter for two years. 
 
 (g) Rates and Rateable Property. All land is rateable except the following : (i) com- 
 mons, public parks, and public reserves not held under lease or licence ; (ii), cemeteries, 
 public hospitals, benevolent asylums, and buildings used exclusively for charitable 
 purposes ; (iii) churches and free public libraries ; (iv) unoccupied Crown lands ; 
 (v) lands vested in the University of Sydney, occupied and used solely for the purposes 
 of education ; (vi) lands vested in the Chief Commissioner of Railways and Tramways, 
 and actually used for the purposes of the Government railways or tramways; and 
 (vii) land held under lease from the Crown for oyster culture. A valuation of the 
 unimproved capital value must be made every three years, while triennial valuations 
 of the improved capital value and of the assessed annual value are compulsory with 
 Municipalities, and optional with Shires. 
 
 Rates are of four kinds, general, special, local, or loan. 
 
 (i) General Rates. A Shire must levy a general rate of not less than one penny and 
 not more than twopence in the pound on the unimproved capital value, but this 
 minimum may be reduced with the consent of the Governor. A Municipality must 
 also levy a general rate of not less than one penny in the pound on the unimproved 
 capital value. A Municipality may raise further funds by an additional general rate 
 on either the unimproved or improved capital value. If 100 ratepayers demand a 
 poll on the question whether the basis of assessment is to be on the unimproved or 
 improved value, the decision rests on the result of such a poll. In a Municipality with 
 less than 100 ratepayers, one-sixth of the ratepayers can demand a poll. In a Muni- 
 cipality the total amount derived from general rates must not exceed the total amount 
 which the Council estimate would be yielded by a rate of twopence in the pound on the 
 unimproved capital value, and one shilling and sixpence on the assessed annual value 
 taken together, of all rateable land in the Municipality. 
 
14 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 . (ii) Special Rates. These may be levied on the unimproved or improved capital 
 value at the option of the Council. A special rate for lighting may be levied only on 
 rateable land within the area deriving benefit therefrom. A rate made under the Country 
 Towns Water and Sewerage Act must not be levied on the assessed annual value, but 
 on either the unimproved or the improved value at the option of the Council, or on the 
 decision of a poll of ratepayers. 
 
 (iii) Local Rates. These are similar to special rates, and are levied only on the 
 rateable land within the area affected. They may be levied on improved or unimproved 
 capital values at the option of the Council. In the case of a local road, a Council may -levy 
 a local rate on all lands having frontage thereto, or to which such road gives immediate 
 access. 
 
 (iv) Loan Rates. A loan rate must be sufficient to pay interest and sinking fund on 
 the loan, and may not be reduced until the loan is paid off. 
 
 In any Municipality the total amount of all rates must not exceed twopence in the 
 pound on the unimproved value, and two shillings in the pound on the assessed annual 
 value, taken together. 
 
 (h) Borrowing Powers. A Council of a Municipality may borrow up to an amount 
 equal to 10 per cent, of the unimproved value of the rateable land within the District for 
 the purpose of effecting permanent improvements or works, or other lawful objects, or for 
 the repayment of moneys lawfully borrowed, and the Government may guarantee any 
 such loan. Before floating a loan, notification of the details must be given, a report on 
 the expenditure must be made by a Government officer, the approval of the Governor 
 must be obtained, and a poll must be taken of the ratepayers. At this poll it must also 
 be decided whether the rating is to be made on the unimproved or on the improved capital 
 value, and the amount of the loan- rate must be fixed. A Shire Council may borrow up 
 to the amount of its income for three years. 
 
 With the consent of the Minister, both Shires and Municipalities may temporarily 
 borrow on overdraft an amount not exceeding one-third of the estimated revenue to be 
 received from rates in a year. 
 
 (i) Endowment. Municipalities not receiving statutory endowment under any Act 
 repealed by the Act of 1906 are entitled to a sum not exceeding three shillings and four- 
 pence in the pound on the general rate collected. If the revenues are sufficient to meet 
 the reasonable requirements of the Corporation under proper management no endowment 
 is granted. 
 
 For the purposes of endowment, Shires are classified every three years into six classes, 
 based on (i) the extent of revenue and expenditure ; (ii) the extent, difficulty of construction 
 and maintenance of roads and other public works ; (iii) the extent of Crown lands in the 
 district: and (iv) other matters. A sum of 150,000 is payable annually, and is paid on 
 the basis of the amount of general rates collected in the previous year. In the following 
 table are shown the number of Shires in each class and the endowment received by each 
 class : 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. CLASSIFICATION AND ENDOWMENT OF SHIRES, 1916-18. 
 
 Class 
 
 1st. 
 
 2nd. 
 
 3rd. 
 
 4th. 
 
 5th. 
 
 6th. 
 
 Number of Shires 
 
 63 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 Endowment received in the 1 on 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 general rate, up to 
 
 10s. 
 
 15s. 
 
 20s. 
 
 25s. 
 
 30s. 
 
 40s. 
 
 .In addition, 52 Shires in the first class received no endowment. 
 
 11. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. 
 
 (i) Municipalities. The following particulars regarding Municipalities (exclusive of 
 Sydney), are given : (a) the number, area, number of electors, and annual value of improved, 
 lands and buildings for the years 1859 to 1916, the length of roads and streets from 1862 to 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 15 
 
 1916, the improved capital value of rateable property from 1871 to 1916, the estimated 
 number of dwellings from 1886 to 1916, the estimated population from 1888 to 1916, and 
 the unimproved capital value of rateable property from 1900 to 1916 ; (6) the revenue 
 and expenditure for 1859 to 1916 ; and (c) the outstanding loans from 1886 to 1916, and 
 the assets and liabilities from 1895 to 1916. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. MUNICIPALITIES (EXCLUSIVE OF SYDNEY). AREA, 
 POPULATION, AND VALUATIONS, 1859 TO 1916. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Valuations. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 Year. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Munici- 
 palities. 
 
 Area. 
 
 Estimated 
 Number 
 Of 
 
 dwellings. 
 
 Istimated 
 Popula- 
 tion. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Electors. 
 
 Unimproved 
 
 Improved 
 
 Annual 
 Value of 
 
 Length 
 of 
 Roads 
 and 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Capita] 
 
 Capital 
 
 1 m] rovcd 
 
 Streets. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 V:,!ue 
 
 Value 
 
 Lands and 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Buildings. 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 .Miles. 
 
 1859 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 4,809 
 
 
 
 302,590 
 
 
 1860 
 
 20 
 
 261,760 
 
 
 
 7,842 
 
 
 
 432,738 
 
 
 1861 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 
 8,712 
 
 
 
 415.740 
 
 
 1862 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 
 11,381 
 
 
 
 452,361 
 
 '587 
 
 1863 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 
 13,476 
 
 
 
 472,447 
 
 699 
 
 1864 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 
 14,761 
 
 
 
 530,264 
 
 765 
 
 1865 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 
 14,788 
 
 
 
 530,439 
 
 708 
 
 1866 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 15,038 
 
 
 
 574,512 
 
 748 
 
 1867 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 16,659 
 
 
 
 579,982 
 
 680 
 
 1868 
 
 36 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 17,567 
 
 
 
 626,919 
 
 841 
 
 1869* 
 
 40 
 
 415',360 
 
 
 
 21,455 
 
 
 
 672,880 
 
 923 
 
 1870* 
 
 43 
 
 
 
 
 23,670 
 
 
 
 731,344 
 
 1,039 
 
 1871* 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 
 2*245 
 
 
 12,243,610 
 
 834,200 
 
 1,323 
 
 1872* 
 
 66 
 
 
 
 
 29,421 
 
 
 12,885,920 
 
 897,073 
 
 1,634 
 
 1873* 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 
 31,574 
 
 
 13,545,365 
 
 940,191 
 
 1,837 
 
 1874* 
 
 74 
 
 
 
 
 33,780 
 
 
 13,526,035 
 
 951,310 
 
 2,199 
 
 1875* 
 
 74 
 
 
 
 
 34,263 
 
 ... 
 
 15,180,864 
 
 1,109,947 
 
 2,322 
 
 1876* 
 
 74 
 
 782,420 
 
 
 
 35,252 
 
 
 17,135,645 
 
 1,256,181 
 
 2,519 
 
 1877* 
 
 75 
 
 784,692 
 
 
 
 39,297 
 
 
 18,529,682 
 
 1,418,094 
 
 2,686 
 
 1878* 
 
 79 
 
 843,681 
 
 
 
 46,128 
 
 
 19,767,704 
 
 1,496,939 
 
 2,734 
 
 1879* 
 
 84 
 
 908,929 
 
 
 
 51,107 
 
 
 21,643,113 
 
 1,854,431 
 
 3,457 
 
 1880* 
 
 86 
 
 945,473 
 
 
 
 54,271 
 
 
 23,779,433 
 
 2,101,362 
 
 3,678 
 
 1881* 
 
 86 
 
 946,471 
 
 
 
 ' 54,264 
 
 
 28,368,957 
 
 2,330,946 
 
 3,739 
 
 1882* 
 
 91 
 
 1,011,745 
 
 
 
 59,562 
 
 
 28,747.646 
 
 2,286,611 
 
 3,758 
 
 1883* 
 
 98 
 
 1,048,795 
 
 
 
 64,014 
 
 
 35,101,265 
 
 2,716,449 
 
 3,588 
 
 1884* 
 
 102 
 
 1,083,739 
 
 
 
 68,512 
 
 
 40,707.921 
 
 3,214,327 
 
 3.881 
 
 1885* 
 
 110 
 
 1,103,272 
 
 
 
 78,250 
 
 
 47,676,079 
 
 3,641,366 
 
 4,101 
 
 1886 
 
 116 
 
 L,145,20S 
 
 84,083 
 
 
 88,692 
 
 
 54,618,448 
 
 4,017,636 
 
 4,435 
 
 1887 
 
 121 
 
 1,159,848 
 
 92,188 
 
 
 98,439 
 
 
 63,343,960 
 
 4,397,495 
 
 4,720 
 
 1888 
 
 131 
 
 1,267,663 
 
 100,836 
 
 498,748 
 
 
 
 75,708,755 
 
 4,246,880 
 
 4,910 
 
 1889 
 
 144 
 
 1,355,036 
 
 108,805 
 
 548,402 
 
 
 
 81 ,684,806 
 
 4,732,713 
 
 5,674 
 
 1890 
 
 157 
 
 1,524,892 
 
 117,954 
 
 577,148 
 
 128,768 
 
 
 82,772,158 
 
 4,872,942 
 
 5,897 
 
 1891 
 
 164 
 
 1,561,526 
 
 119,758 
 
 581,806 
 
 135,619 
 
 
 88,560,500 
 
 5,143,652 
 
 6,211 
 
 1892 
 
 167 
 
 1,634,116 
 
 125,755 
 
 630,630 
 
 142,996 
 
 
 95,388,00( 
 
 5,393,21 
 
 6,728 
 
 1893* 
 
 170 
 
 1,657,795 
 
 129,336 
 
 634,590 
 
 146,017 
 
 
 95. 756,000 
 
 5,209,932 
 
 7,249 
 
 1894* 
 
 174 
 
 1,681,110 
 
 131,012 
 
 639,751 
 
 147,324 
 
 . 
 
 95. 756,000 
 
 5,964,499 
 
 7,361 
 
 1895* 
 
 181 
 
 1,752,061 
 
 133,191 
 
 652,780 
 
 155,406 
 
 
 88,976,300 
 
 4,929,340 
 
 7,818 
 
 1896* 
 
 182 
 
 1,764,869 
 
 i :;:,.! i,^ 
 
 660,695 
 
 156,457 
 
 
 82,759,000 
 
 4,835,150 
 
 7,873 
 
 1897* 
 
 183 
 
 1,765,620 
 
 136,611 
 
 678,820 
 
 159,065 
 
 
 79,321,800 
 
 4,762,640 
 
 7,262 
 
 1898* 
 
 183 
 
 1,765.6201 139,002 
 
 696,250 
 
 160,225 
 
 
 77,465,700 
 
 4,760,530 
 
 7,338 
 
 1899* 
 
 189 
 
 1,804,642 
 
 
 
 154,022 
 
 
 78,08.".. 2()( 
 
 4,848,310 
 
 7,315 
 
 1900* 
 
 190 
 
 1,799,652 
 
 14*7,632 
 
 74l',023 
 
 157,273 
 
 33,343',813 
 
 81,649,700 
 
 5,338,460 
 
 7,442 
 
 1901* 
 
 190 
 
 1,799,652 
 
 156,059 
 
 768,090 
 
 159,18- 
 
 33,499,613 
 
 84,t526.90( 
 
 5,511,430 
 
 7,446 
 
 1902* 
 
 191 
 
 1,808,032 
 
 160,169 
 
 789,650 
 
 161.311 
 
 33,525,613 
 
 85,224^00 
 
 5,416,500 
 
 7,474 
 
 1903* 
 
 191 
 
 1,808,032 
 
 165,443 
 
 791,240 
 
 163,889 
 
 34,336,851 
 
 89,383,900 
 
 5,635,800 
 
 7,569 
 
 1904* 
 
 191 
 
 1,808,032 
 
 169,666 
 
 808,320 
 
 162,999 
 
 :14. -286,851 
 
 92,324,700 
 
 5,812,950 
 
 7,627 
 
 1905* 
 
 191 
 
 1,808.032 
 
 169.678 
 
 808,320 
 
 158,170 
 
 34,459,210 
 
 94,768,900 
 
 5,998,120 
 
 8,170 
 
 1906* 
 
 193 
 
 1,809,5 12 172,22* 
 
 839,570 
 
 
 34,459,210 
 
 9:>. 705, 100 
 
 6,123,281 
 
 
 1907* 
 
 Ld2 
 
 1,915,188 
 
 179.2.V 
 
 892,280 
 
 173,405 
 
 89,483,316: 
 
 99,246,700 
 
 6,516,660 
 
 8,823 
 
 1908t 
 
 190 
 
 1,915,188 
 
 183,861 
 
 918,520 
 
 
 43,904. 8:59 
 
 101,226,066 
 
 6,801,100 
 
 
 1909f 
 
 189 
 
 1,914,753 
 
 186,166 
 
 Kir,. 4M) 
 
 
 I:'.. 284,821 
 
 101,889,075 
 
 6,886,726 
 
 9,380 
 
 1910t 
 
 189 
 
 1,914,753 
 
 
 928,838 
 
 t 
 
 4:!. r.76,529 
 
 105,000,873 
 
 7,089,753 
 
 
 1911t 
 
 189 
 
 1,914,753! 194,024 
 
 954,660 
 
 18V.041 
 
 45s 904,447 
 
 111,339,540 
 
 7,568,814 
 
 
 l12t 
 
 189 
 
 1,917,727 
 
 194,024 
 
 1,011,570 
 
 
 48,287,967 
 
 116,294,87i 
 
 8,085,742 
 
 9,628 
 
 1913t 
 
 187 
 
 1,861,087 
 
 
 1,053,410 
 
 
 49.048,097 
 
 124,166,294 
 
 8,722.986 
 
 
 1914t 
 
 185 
 
 Lj8dl,087 
 
 
 1,085,660 
 
 2lV,787 
 
 54,5*3,084 
 
 138,660,176 
 
 10,167,033 
 
 
 1915| 
 
 184 
 
 1,861,087 
 
 . 
 
 1,100,740 
 
 
 56,246,418 
 
 149,147-,802 
 
 10,881,868 
 
 10J28 
 
 1916f 
 
 184 
 
 1834,207 
 
 
 1,091,060 
 
 333,739 
 
 58,098,043 
 
 155,817,695 
 
 ll,432,69b 
 
 10,166 
 
 * Year ending first Monday in February of the following year. 
 t Year ending 31st December, 
 j Estimated. 
 
16 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. MUNICIPALITIES (EXCLUSIVE OF SYDNEY). REVENUE 
 AND EXPENDITURE, 1859 TO 1916. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 Govern- 
 t ment 
 'Grants 
 and 
 Endow- 
 ments. 
 
 Other 
 (includ- 
 ing 
 Loans). 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 trative 
 Expenses 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other 
 (including 
 Lighting, 
 Water, Loan 
 Redemption 
 &c.). 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1859 
 
 
 
 
 2,807 
 
 
 
 
 4,238 
 
 1860 
 
 . . 
 
 . m 
 
 . . 
 
 21,825 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
 27,490 
 
 1861 
 
 17,717 
 
 15,133 
 
 . . 
 
 32,850 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 37,533 
 
 1862 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 16,175 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 14,916 
 
 1863 
 
 22,470 
 
 lV,600 
 
 
 40,070 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 35,479 
 
 1864 
 
 21,513 
 
 19,332 
 
 
 40,845 
 
 6,156 
 
 
 35,204 
 
 41,360 
 
 1865 
 
 23,444 
 
 18,999 
 
 
 42,443 
 
 6,366 
 
 
 31,375 
 
 37,741 
 
 1866 
 
 29,241 
 
 14,039 
 
 . . 
 
 43,280 
 
 9,077 
 
 . . 
 
 33,382 
 
 42,459 
 
 1867 
 
 29,577 
 
 19,059 
 
 . . 
 
 48,636 
 
 8,670 
 
 . . 
 
 34,425 
 
 43,095 
 
 1868 
 
 33,476 
 
 19,926 
 
 . . 
 
 53,402 
 
 9,689 
 
 . . 
 
 36,094 
 
 45,783 
 
 1869* 
 
 34,463 
 
 19,174 
 
 
 53,637 
 
 10,164 
 
 
 48,300 
 
 58,464 
 
 1870* 
 
 39,507 
 
 15,503 
 
 . . 
 
 55,010 
 
 11,586 
 
 
 42,747 
 
 54,333 
 
 1871* 
 
 43,082 
 
 15,548 
 
 11,672 
 
 70,302 
 
 11,836 
 
 
 50,501 
 
 62,337 
 
 1872* 
 
 41,815 
 
 21,930 
 
 16,150 
 
 79,895 
 
 11,883 
 
 . . 
 
 53,639 
 
 65,522 
 
 1873* 
 
 45,879 
 
 18,962 
 
 22,283 
 
 87,124 
 
 12,233 
 
 . . 
 
 68,102 
 
 80,335 
 
 1874* 
 
 56,873 
 
 21,755 
 
 13,556 
 
 92,184 
 
 13,259 
 
 . . 
 
 73,944 
 
 87,203 
 
 1875* 
 
 66,633 
 
 23,449 
 
 16,903 
 
 106,985 
 
 13,615 
 
 . . 
 
 77,959 
 
 91,574 
 
 1876* 
 
 67,043 
 
 23,610 
 
 20,996 
 
 111,649 
 
 16,342 
 
 . . 
 
 90,582 
 
 106,924 
 
 1877* 
 
 68,759 
 
 86,875 
 
 23,336 
 
 178,970 
 
 14,955 
 
 82,192 
 
 30,571 
 
 127,718 
 
 1878* 
 
 76,809 
 
 56,931 
 
 44,176 
 
 177,916 
 
 16,551 
 
 142,255 
 
 45,275 
 
 204,081 
 
 1879* 
 
 81,057 
 
 92,902 
 
 36,386 
 
 210,345 
 
 18,376 
 
 146,039 
 
 51,738 
 
 216,153 
 
 1880* 
 
 97,315 
 
 64,115 
 
 58,214 
 
 219,B44 
 
 19,222 
 
 155,058 
 
 60,788 
 
 235,068 
 
 1881* 
 
 107,122 
 
 68,318 
 
 91,756 
 
 267,196 
 
 22,433 
 
 153,495 
 
 64,348 
 
 240,276 
 
 1882* 
 
 125,089 
 
 85,277 
 
 92,347 
 
 302,713 
 
 25,012 
 
 200,998 
 
 77,477 
 
 303,487 
 
 1883* 
 
 143,945 
 
 102,666 
 
 84,474 
 
 331,085 
 
 27,163 
 
 226,739 
 
 89,694 
 
 343,596 
 
 1884* 
 
 165,234 
 
 87,656 
 
 127,271 
 
 380,161 
 
 29,792 
 
 245,974 
 
 97,867 
 
 373,633 
 
 1885* 
 
 190,419 
 
 103,523 
 
 200,877 
 
 494,819 
 
 32,705 
 
 303,335 
 
 125,922 
 
 461,962 
 
 1886 
 
 215,021 
 
 116,623 
 
 208,807 
 
 540,451 
 
 37,293 
 
 303,313 
 
 152,473 
 
 493,079 
 
 1887 
 
 254,585 
 
 97,408 
 
 372,279 
 
 724,272 
 
 42,598 
 
 421,057 
 
 198,918 
 
 662,573 
 
 1888 
 
 271,563 
 
 92,885 
 
 357,483 
 
 721,931 
 
 47,373 
 
 410,742 
 
 219,430 
 
 677,545 
 
 1889 
 
 296,284 
 
 130,216 
 
 237,110 
 
 663,610 
 
 47,736 
 
 348,765 
 
 249,254 
 
 645,755 
 
 1890 
 
 320,255 
 
 154,736 
 
 247,145 
 
 722,136 
 
 51,811 
 
 410,537 
 
 280,611 
 
 742,959 
 
 1891 
 
 348,056 
 
 168,306 
 
 255,230 
 
 771,592 
 
 57,880 
 
 391,055 
 
 297,808 
 
 746,743 
 
 1892 
 
 355,962 
 
 147,585 
 
 230,917 
 
 734,464 
 
 .62,735 
 
 407,111 
 
 295,629 
 
 765,475 
 
 1893* 
 
 342,103 
 
 142,741 
 
 161,361 
 
 646,205 
 
 52,644 
 
 321,344 
 
 246,329 
 
 620,317 
 
 1894* 
 
 339,608 
 
 53,483 
 
 345,057 
 
 738,148 
 
 57,471 
 
 258,913 
 
 410,882 
 
 727,266 
 
 1895* 
 
 319,846 
 
 114,428 
 
 247,135 
 
 681,409 
 
 60,790 
 
 187,354 
 
 392,775 
 
 640,919 
 
 1896* 
 
 327,844 
 
 73,081 
 
 219,594 
 
 620,519 
 
 62,443 
 
 191,257 
 
 368,202 
 
 621,902 
 
 1897* 
 
 331,414 
 
 90,284 
 
 206,006 
 
 627,704 
 
 63,005 
 
 213,361 
 
 362,568 
 
 638,934 
 
 1898* 
 
 329,807 
 
 76,915 
 
 197,734 
 
 604,456 
 
 62,940 
 
 192,815 
 
 361,731 
 
 617,486 
 
 1899* 
 
 330,651 
 
 43,179 
 
 230,869 
 
 604,699 
 
 60,689 
 
 182,568 
 
 387,292 
 
 630,549 
 
 1900* 
 
 372,873 
 
 42,044 
 
 214,631 
 
 629,548 
 
 61,388 
 
 187,163 
 
 381,723 
 
 630,274 
 
 1901* 
 
 389,455 
 
 80,719 
 
 231,117 
 
 701,291 
 
 61,665 
 
 183,817 
 
 406,001 
 
 651,483 
 
 1902* 
 
 400,733 
 
 49,696 
 
 273,672 
 
 724,101 
 
 63,925 
 
 204,555 
 
 478,347 
 
 746,827 
 
 1903* 
 
 441,850 
 
 60,841 
 
 179,738 
 
 682,429 
 
 82,649 
 
 221,494 
 
 370,266 
 
 674,409 
 
 1904* 
 
 443,308 
 
 24,225 
 
 188,938 
 
 656,471 
 
 67,478 
 
 224,949 
 
 371,241 
 
 663,668 
 
 1905* 
 
 460,982 
 
 24,335 
 
 247,785 
 
 733,102 
 
 68,118 
 
 233,718 
 
 433,698 
 
 735,534 
 
 1906* 
 
 486,132 
 
 83,022 
 
 231,501 
 
 800,655 
 
 70,689 
 
 255,647 
 
 452,057 
 
 778,393 
 
 1907* 
 
 536,909 
 
 71,206 
 
 321,880 
 
 929,995 
 
 78,713 
 
 285,586 
 
 544,533 
 
 908,832 
 
 1908| 
 
 612,087 
 
 32,361 
 
 321,194 
 
 965,642 
 
 105,572 
 
 265,440 
 
 496,231 
 
 867,243 
 
 1909f 
 
 631,595 
 
 30,886 
 
 441,948 
 
 1,104,429 
 
 94,225 
 
 342,634 
 
 592,681 
 
 1,02),540 
 
 1910f 
 
 648,571 
 
 33,408 
 
 445,116 
 
 1,127,095 
 
 98,172 
 
 393,076 
 
 631,763 
 
 1,123,011 
 
 1911f 
 
 731,687 
 
 26,136 
 
 482,403 
 
 1,240,226 
 
 102,040 
 
 413,246 
 
 661,142 
 
 1,176,428 
 
 1912f 
 
 818,197 
 
 25,757 
 
 567,866 
 
 1,411,820 
 
 98,721 
 
 504,556 
 
 771,901 
 
 1,375,178 
 
 1913f 
 
 889,353 
 
 24,202 
 
 678,901 
 
 1,592,456 
 
 113,242 
 
 549,749 
 
 811,725 
 
 1,474,716 
 
 1914f 
 
 1,026,537 
 
 55,718 
 
 668,466 
 
 1,750,721 
 
 116,084 
 
 635,775 
 
 849,591 
 
 1,601,450 
 
 1915f 
 
 1,074,453 
 
 54,895 
 
 698,067 
 
 1,827,415 
 
 115,363 
 
 707,997 
 
 945,285 
 
 1,768,645 
 
 1916f 
 
 1,118,554 
 
 58,399 
 
 713,124 
 
 1,890,077 
 
 121,009 
 
 686,367 
 
 1,003,356 
 
 1,810,732 
 
 * Year ending first Monday in February of the following year. 
 
 t Year ending 31st December. 
 
M I'NICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 17 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. MUNICIPALITIES (EXCLUSIVE OF SYDNEY). ASSETS, 
 LIABILITIES, AND OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1886 TO 1916. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 1886 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 440,149 
 
 1902* 
 
 
 1,727,900 
 
 
 ,522,37Q 
 
 
 ,346,511 
 
 1887 
 
 
 
 733,148 
 
 1903* 
 
 1,787,277 
 
 ,509,166 
 
 ,351,939 
 
 1888 
 
 
 
 817,087 
 
 1904* 
 
 1,861,377 
 
 ,535,669 
 
 ,372,439 
 
 1889 
 
 
 
 894,013 
 
 1905* 
 
 1,888,778 
 
 ,558,960 
 
 ,392,332 
 
 1890 
 
 
 
 ,041,296 
 
 1906* 
 
 2,033,729 
 
 ,547,255 
 
 ,396,872 
 
 1891 
 
 
 
 ,083,775 
 
 1907* 
 
 2,071,721 
 
 ,584,168 
 
 ,424,340 
 
 1892 
 
 . . 
 
 
 ,159,450 
 
 1908f 
 
 2,158.427 
 
 2,363,014 
 
 ,368,605 
 
 1893* 
 
 
 
 ,262,393 
 
 1909f 
 
 2,188,049 
 
 2,347,655 
 
 ,445,593 
 
 1894* 
 
 . 
 
 
 ,323,874 
 
 1910f 
 
 2,396,427 
 
 2,562,639 
 
 .453,108 
 
 1895* 
 
 1,599,210 
 
 1,342,009 
 
 ,325,235 
 
 1911f 
 
 2,500,184 
 
 2,597,871 
 
 ,456,628 
 
 1896* 
 
 ,623,581 
 
 1,448,627 
 
 ,315,910 
 
 1912f 
 
 2,696,284 
 
 2,693,199 
 
 ,486,196 
 
 1897* 
 
 ,610,365 
 
 1,473,635 
 
 ,297,569 
 
 1913f 
 
 2,853,055 
 
 2,798,969 
 
 ,498,245 
 
 1898* 
 
 ,674,965 
 
 1,467,359 
 
 ,326,703 
 
 19l4f 
 
 3,083,055 
 
 2,938,299 
 
 ,586,752 
 
 1899* 
 
 ,671,500 
 
 1,486,722 
 
 ,320,934 
 
 1915f 
 
 3,339,420 
 
 3,187,869 
 
 ,657,323 
 
 1900* 
 
 ,723,859 
 
 1,497,905 
 
 ,322,044 
 
 1916t 
 
 3,542,751 
 
 3,352,073 
 
 1,692,133 
 
 1901* 
 
 ,762,156 
 
 1,503,540 
 
 ,347,140 
 
 
 
 
 
 * Year ending first Monday in February of the following year. 
 t Year ending 31st December. 
 
 (ii) Shires. The following tables shew particulars for Shires for the years 1907 to 
 1916 of (a) the number of Shires, their area, estimated population, number of electors, 
 unimproved capital value, length of roads and streets, and number of dwellings ; (6) their 
 revenue and expenditure ; and (c) their assets, liabilities, and outstanding loans. These 
 loans are only temporary, representing mCneys borrowed from the banks on overdraft. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. SHIRES. AREA, POPULATION, AND VALUATION, 
 
 1907 TO 1916. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 Year ending 
 31st December. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Shires. 
 
 Area. 
 
 Estimated 
 Number of 
 Dwellings. 
 
 Estimated 
 Population. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Electors. 
 
 Unimproved 
 Capital 
 Value. 
 
 Length 
 of 
 Roads 
 and 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Streets. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 Sq. Miles. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 Miles. 
 
 1907 
 
 134 
 
 179,130 
 
 
 542,800 
 
 119,529 
 
 81,526,814 
 
 . . 
 
 1908 
 
 134 
 
 182,111 
 
 99,945 
 
 547,800 
 
 . . 
 
 82,414,771 
 
 . . 
 
 1909 
 
 134 
 
 182,111 
 
 104,528 
 
 564,660 
 
 
 83,464,446 
 
 67,043 
 
 1910 
 
 134 
 
 182,111 
 
 
 578,963 
 
 
 89,935,912 
 
 67,490 
 
 1911 
 
 134 
 
 182,111 
 
 . 
 
 601,840 
 
 137, i?3 
 
 94,189,939 
 
 67,490 
 
 1912 
 
 134 
 
 180,567 
 
 124,897 
 
 632,570 
 
 . . 
 
 97,461,454 
 
 79,089 
 
 1913 
 
 135 
 
 180,655 
 
 . . 
 
 645,140 
 
 . . 
 
 99,452,191 
 
 
 1914 
 
 135 
 
 181,208 
 
 . . 
 
 649,040 
 
 160,744 
 
 103,451,177 
 
 
 1915 
 
 136 
 
 180,655 
 
 
 647,570 
 
 . . 
 
 104,745,633 
 
 8l',075 
 
 1916 
 
 136 
 
 180,655 
 
 
 646,320 
 
 174,350 
 
 105,697,791 
 
 
18 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. SHIRES. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1907 TO 1916. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year 
 ending 
 
 
 Govern- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31st 
 
 
 ment 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Decem- 
 ber. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 Endow- 
 ment 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 and 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Grants. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 287,635 
 
 235,794 
 
 100,666 
 
 (.24,095 
 
 100,435 
 
 249,868 
 
 101,163 
 
 451,466 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 382,336 
 
 220,925 
 
 23,607 
 
 626,868 
 
 116,932 
 
 516,072 
 
 23,215 
 
 656,219 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 374,540 
 
 309,005 
 
 33,599 
 
 717,144 
 
 117,696 
 
 529,954 
 
 29,134 
 
 676,784 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 421,596 
 
 323,658 
 
 49,120 
 
 794,374 
 
 125,699 
 
 599,945 
 
 39,388 
 
 765,032 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 463,501 
 
 355,286 
 
 62,243 
 
 881,030 
 
 128,126 
 
 647,220 
 
 56,860 
 
 832,206 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 517,025 
 
 402,820 
 
 79,653 
 
 999,498 
 
 83,721 
 
 773,479 
 
 76,125 
 
 933,325 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 562,820 
 
 183,315 
 
 90,376 
 
 836,511 
 
 91,450 
 
 707,923 
 
 86,717 
 
 886,090 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 009,580 
 
 329,944 
 
 105,468 
 
 1,044,992 
 
 95,760 
 
 801,542 
 
 99,169 
 
 996,471 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 612,612 
 
 339,062 
 
 114,447 
 
 1,066,121 
 
 87,527 
 
 813,400 
 
 117,943 
 
 1,018,870 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 626,303 
 
 331,434 
 
 135,286 
 
 1,093,023 
 
 100,224 
 
 843,803 
 
 134,870 
 
 1,078,897 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. SHIRES. ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND OUTSTANDING 
 LOANS, 1907 TO 1916. 
 
 Year ending 
 31st 
 December. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstand- 
 ing Loans. 
 
 Year ending 
 31st 
 December. 
 
 1 
 I 
 
 Assets. Liabilities. 
 
 Outstand- 
 ing Loans. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1907 
 
 
 
 12,763 
 
 1912 
 
 455,420 77,494 
 
 17,212 
 
 1908 
 
 228,729 
 
 35,153 
 
 8,810 ii 1913 .. 
 
 440,252 109,453 
 
 36,783 
 
 1909 
 
 258,214 
 
 24,622 
 
 7,414 1914 .. 
 
 488,004 ! 109,717 
 
 45,304 
 
 1910 
 
 307,708 44,770 
 
 11,147 !! 1915 . . 
 
 560,479 129,181 
 
 49,220 
 
 1911 
 
 379,589 67,827 
 
 12,445 | 1916 .. 
 
 589,788 1 152,777 
 
 148,367 
 
 (B) City of Sydney. 
 
 1. General. The City of Sydney, as already stated, is incorporated under special 
 Acts, and the following is a brief resume of the various matters relating thereto. 
 
 2. Legislation previous to Incorporation in 1842. The first Act relating to Sydney 
 was passed in 1833, under the provisions of which the Governor could appoint two Police 
 Magistrates, who were authorized to nominate a police force, and penalties were fixed for 
 various offences. A Town Surveyor was to be appointed, whose duties were to set out the 
 carriage and footways, and affix names of streets. Carters and boatmen were to be 
 licensed, and the Justices were to fix the fares to be charged by them. 
 
 The first Building Act was passed in 1834, and prescribed that no building might be 
 erected within 12 feet of the exterior edge of the kerbstone, and that notice of intention 
 to build must be given to the Town Surveyor. 
 
 In 1837 the Sydney Building Act was passed, by which buildings were classified and 
 the thicknesses of walls determined ; but this was in 1839 limited in its effect to a certain 
 district within the town limits. 
 
 3. Incorporation of the City of Sydney Act 1842. In 1842 Sydney was proclaimed a 
 City. It was divided into six Wards, and its boundaries were defined. All occupiers of 
 houses, counting-houses, and shops of the value of 25 per annum were enrolled as 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 19 
 
 Citizens, provided that they were householders resident within 7 miles of the City. In 
 order to be qualified as a Councillor, Auditor, or Assessor, a candidate had to be possessed 
 of real or personal estate of the total value of 1,000, or be rated at the annual value of 
 50, ministers of religion not being eligible. Four Councillors for each Ward were to be 
 elected on the first of November, one Councillor in each Ward to retire annually. After 
 the election of Councillors they were, on the ninth of November, to elect from among 
 themselves six Aldermen for a period of six years, one-half of whom were to retire every 
 third year. One Alderman was to represent each Ward. The Councillors and Aldermen 
 elected the Mayor. If a Councillor refused to accept office, or resigned his seat, he was 
 liable to a penalty of from 25 to 50, and under like circumstances a Mayor was liable to 
 a penalty of from 50 to 100. On the first of March the ratepayers were to elect two 
 Assessors for each Ward, and two Auditors for the whole City. The duties of the Council 
 were to keep the streets in repair, construct common sewers and waterworks, make by-laws, 
 levy rates, and appoint police. The City rate was not to exceed one shilling in the pound, 
 the police rate sixpence, and the lighting rate fourpence. Borrowing up to an amount 
 equal to three years' average revenue was permitted. Fees taken at police offices, 
 except at the water-police office, were to be applied to the maintenance of the Sydney 
 Police, and a Government subsidy of pound for pound was granted on the police rates up 
 to 5,000, and on the City rates up to the same amount. 
 
 The system of municipal police does not appear to have worked satisfactorily, as an 
 Act was passed in 1844 suspending the collection of the rate for 1845. This Act was 
 renewed annually until 1850, when the police force for the whole Colony was constituted. 
 
 In 1844 the qualification for Citizens was reduced to an annual value of 20, while 
 that for Councillors was raised to 100. 
 
 In 1847 the Council was empowered to make by-laws for licensing and regulating 
 hackney carriages. 
 
 4. Sydney Corporation Act 1850. By this Act, that of 1842 was repealed, except 
 as far as concerned the incorporation and boundaries of the City. Most of the 
 provisions of the previous Act were reincorporated, but there were several important 
 amendments-, of which the following were the chief : Unnaturalized aliens and persons 
 who had received eleemosynary relief during the previous twelve months were not eligible 
 as Citizens. The Citizens were to elect the Mayor from among the Aldermen or 
 Councillors. The maximum amount of City rates which could be levied was raised to 
 one shilling and sixpence and the lighting rate to sixpence per pound of annual value, 
 and the borrowing powers were extended to the amount of five years' revenue instead 
 of three years'. 
 
 5. Dissolution of the City Council, 1853. On the 31st December, 1853, the City 
 Council was dissolved and its duties handed over to three Commissioners, appointed by 
 the Governor, who were also to carry out the provisions of two proposed Acts relating 
 to sewerage and water supply. In 1854, carters plying for trade within 8 miles of the 
 City were required to be licensed by the Commissioners, and in the same year the 
 Commissioners were empowered to water the streets, levy a rate for the same, and lease 
 markets and tolls. 
 
 6. Restoration of the City Council, 1857. By an Act passed on the 18th March, 
 1857, the Commissioners were relieved of their duties, and the City Council restored in 
 their place. All persons on the electoral roll for Sydney, who were ratepayers, were 
 entitled to be Citizens. The number of Wards was raised from six to eight, and sixteen 
 Aldermen were to be elected, two for each Ward, of whom eight were to retire 
 annually. Any Citizen was qualified to be an Alderman. The Mayor was to be elected 
 by the Aldermen, not by the Citizens. Fresh boundaries of the City were scheduled. 
 The carrying out of the Sewerage and Water Act 1853 was vested in the Council, 
 which was authorized to borrow up to 100,000 for City purposes, up to 200^000 for 
 sewerage purposes, and up to 150,000 for waterworks. 
 
 In 1866 the whole cost of paving footways in certain scheduled streets was placed on 
 the owners of the adjoining property. In 1870 the boundaries of the City were altered, 
 the number of Wards still remaining at eight, and the Council was authorized to purchase 
 lands and erect cattle sale yards, and to borrow up to 12,000 for the purpose. 
 
20 ' MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 In 1873 the licensing of public vehicles was vested in a Commission, and in 1879 
 provision was made that a building surveyor should be appointed and that no dwelling 
 should be permitted in any lane less than 20 feet in width. 
 
 7. Sydney Corporation Act 1879. This Act was a -consolidation of the previous, 
 existing Act and amendments. The number of Aldermen was raised to 24, being three 
 for each Ward, and the penalties for refusing to accept office were repealed. No stree^- 
 was permitted to be less than 66 feet in width, and no lane less than 20 feet. THe* 
 maximum amount of the City rate was raised to two shillings per pound of annual valued 
 exclusive of lighting, and special or local rates were not to exceed sixpence. The' 
 Council was to secure a supply of pure water, and was authorized to levy a water rate* 
 on premises within 150 feet of a main water pipe. v 
 
 A temporary endowment was granted by the Government for ten years, not to 
 exceed 25,000 a year, and not to exceed a pound for pound grant on rates raised in excess 
 of one shilling. At the same time the Council was relieved of a debt of 40,000 to the 
 Consolidated Revenue incurred for sewerage. The Council was also allowed to borrow 
 up to 75,000 on the guarantee of the Consolidated Revenue for the purpose of liquidating 
 an overdraft on the sewerage account. Further borrowing powers were granted from 
 time to time. 
 
 8. Sydney Corporation Amendment Act 1900. The City was divided into twelve 
 Wards, each with two Aldermen, who were to retire every second year, but were eligible 
 for re-election. The qualification for Citizens was altered, and the following persons 
 were entitled to citizenship : Any person, male or female, who was a natural-born or 
 naturalized British subject ; who was the owner of freehold property assessed at 5 or 
 upwards, or, if leasehold, of the yearly value of 25 ; or was the owner of a house, shop, 
 &c., of the value of 10 ; or had been a lodger continuously for six months, and had 
 occupied lodgings of the value of 10 or upwards. Any male person on the roll was 
 eligible as Alderman. The Council was also empowered to resume land for municipal 
 purposes. 
 
 9. Sydney Corporation Act 1902. This Act consolidated and repealed previous 
 existing Acts, but practically no fresh provisions of importance were inserted. 
 
 In 1908 an important amendment was made, by which the Council was enabled to 
 assess the general rates on the unimproved capital value, instead of on the improved 
 value, and under such conditions the levying of the land tax within the City was 
 suspended. This general rate must not be less than one penny in the pound, in addition 
 to any other rate, but the total amount leviable of all rates must not exceed threepence 
 in the pound on the unimproved value, or two shillings in the pound on the average 
 annual value. A valuation of the unimproved capital value is to be made every five 
 years. Camperdown was added to the City as an additional Ward. The maintenance 
 and control of the lending branch of the Public Library was vested in the Council. 
 
 In 1912 an Act was passed empowering the Council to purchase or resume land, 
 erect dwelling houses, and to let them to working men. 
 
 In 1916 the maximum amount of the general rate on the unimproved capital value 
 was raised to sixpence in the pound, provided that if such a rate were made, no other 
 general or City rate should be levied. 
 
 10. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In tEe following tables are given (i) the revenue 
 and expenditure for the years 1858 to 1916 ; (ii) the assets and liabilities from 1895 to 
 1916, and the outstanding loans from 1888 to 1916 ; and (iii) the area, number of 
 dwellings, population, number of rateable properties, length of streets, unimproved capital 
 value, annual value and improved capital value from 1859 to 1916 of the City of Sydney. 
 
 Particulars of the revenue and expenditure of the City Council on water supply and 
 sewerage for 1858 to 1889, prior to the transference of these works to the Metropolitan 
 Water and Sewerage Board, are included. Further details of the revenue and expendi- 
 ture on water and sewerage are given in the chapter dealing with those subjects (see 
 pages 157 and 161). 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 21 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. CITY OF SYDNEY. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1858 TO 1916. 
 
 Year ending 
 31st December. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 iatet. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Work?. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1858 
 
 29,330 
 
 126,425* 
 
 155,750 
 
 10,823 
 
 80,273 
 
 60,062 
 
 151,158 
 
 1859 
 
 32,912 
 
 31,326 
 
 64,238 
 
 8,869 
 
 74,431 
 
 44,484 
 
 127,784 
 
 1860 
 
 41,611 
 
 45,953 
 
 87,564 
 
 8,402 
 
 27,182 
 
 29,383 
 
 64,967 
 
 1861 
 
 35.213 
 
 71,886 
 
 107,099 
 
 8,600 
 
 58,338 
 
 18,731 
 
 85,669 
 
 1862 
 
 34,120 
 
 43,064 
 
 77.184 
 
 9,368 
 
 63,960 
 
 31,780 
 
 105,108 
 
 1863 
 
 31,611 
 
 104,119 
 
 135,730 
 
 9,391 
 
 52,819 
 
 47,964 
 
 110,174 
 
 1864 
 
 32,638 
 
 43,108 
 
 75,746 
 
 10,007 
 
 56,188 
 
 23,703 
 
 89,898 
 
 1865 
 
 34,644 
 
 66,619 
 
 101,263 
 
 10,930 
 
 58,153 
 
 38,510 
 
 107,593 
 
 1866 
 
 38,444 
 
 54,710 
 
 93,154 
 
 11,334 
 
 46,275 
 
 32,408 
 
 90,017 
 
 1867 
 
 38,220 
 
 69,619 
 
 107,839 
 
 8,750 
 
 52,456 
 
 49,794 
 
 111,000 
 
 1868 
 
 39,779 
 
 131,447 
 
 171,226 
 
 8,276 
 
 75,452 
 
 72,191 
 
 155,919 
 
 I860 
 
 40,459 
 
 125,708 
 
 166,167 
 
 8,823 
 
 95,208 
 
 44,016 
 
 148,047 
 
 1870 
 
 41,304 
 
 87,954 
 
 129.258 
 
 9,344 
 
 77,208 
 
 71,737 
 
 158,289 
 
 1871 
 
 38,536 
 
 141,670 
 
 180,206 
 
 9,805 
 
 46,632 
 
 87,005 
 
 143,442 
 
 IS7L' 
 
 37,952 
 
 130,234 
 
 168,186 
 
 9,859 
 
 62,085 
 
 90,840 
 
 162.784 
 
 1873 
 
 36,929 
 
 75,210 
 
 112,139 
 
 10,389 
 
 62,533 
 
 126,206 
 
 199,128 
 
 1874 
 
 37,362 
 
 129,975* 
 
 167,337 
 
 10,624 
 
 72,785 
 
 65,656 
 
 149,065 
 
 1875 
 
 37,632 
 
 137,386* 
 
 175,018 
 
 10,186 
 
 52,685 
 
 53,295 
 
 116,166 
 
 1876 
 
 39,218 
 
 67,342 
 
 106,560 
 
 10,332 
 
 92,027 
 
 58,834 
 
 161,193 
 
 1877 
 
 45,673 
 
 191,534 
 
 237,207 
 
 1 0,455 
 
 106,956 
 
 75,812 
 
 193,223 
 
 1878 
 
 46,619 
 
 114,951 
 
 161,570 
 
 11,003 
 
 123,319 
 
 66,792 
 
 201,114 
 
 1879 
 
 48,902 
 
 149,219* 
 
 198,121 
 
 10,888 
 
 119,488 
 
 83,485 
 
 213,861 
 
 1880 
 
 111,107 
 
 151,30:} 
 
 262,410 
 
 22,558 
 
 144,574 
 
 78,548 
 
 245,680 
 
 1881 
 
 134,120 
 
 123,873 
 
 257,993 
 
 23,344 
 
 153,459 
 
 60,389 
 
 237,192 
 
 1882 
 
 137,439 
 
 151,805 
 
 289,244 
 
 16,672 
 
 179,474 
 
 63,915 
 
 260,061 
 
 1883 
 
 157,012 
 
 188,401f 
 
 345,413 
 
 17,422 
 
 197,329 
 
 87,008 
 
 301,759 
 
 1884 
 
 161,705 
 
 179,965+ 
 
 341,670 
 
 18,196 
 
 248,069 
 
 107,526 
 
 373,791 
 
 1885 
 
 162,988 
 
 157,467 
 
 320,455 
 
 19,012 
 
 217,921 
 
 88,490 
 
 325,423 
 
 1886 
 
 170,668 
 
 J95,408 
 
 366,076 
 
 19,014 
 
 229,805 
 
 87,663 
 
 336,482 
 
 1887 
 
 186,823 
 
 140,243i| 
 
 336,066 
 
 18,856 
 
 207,335 
 
 105,143 
 
 331,334 
 
 1888 
 
 194,843 
 
 78,836+. 
 
 273,679 
 
 11,672 
 
 141,714 
 
 204,363 
 
 357,749 
 
 1889 
 
 203,314 
 
 48, 621 If 
 
 251,935 
 
 10,914 
 
 108,259 
 
 121.722 
 
 240,895 
 
 1890 
 
 163,474 
 
 42,028 
 
 205,502 
 
 8,861 
 
 100,056 
 
 84,091 
 
 193,008 
 
 1891 
 
 159,160 
 
 64,162 
 
 223,322 
 
 10,704 
 
 258,175 
 
 74,914 
 
 343,793 
 
 1892 
 
 163,173 
 
 305,041 
 
 468,214 
 
 11,883 
 
 355,613 
 
 88,762 
 
 456,258 
 
 1893 
 
 155,498 
 
 55,028 
 
 210,526 
 
 12,113 
 
 241,201 
 
 107,435 
 
 360,749 
 
 1894 
 
 160,137 
 
 349,982 
 
 510,119 
 
 12,081 
 
 206,460 
 
 101,369 
 
 319,910 
 
 1895 
 
 143,563 
 
 45,782 
 
 189,345 
 
 12,266 
 
 152,984 
 
 91,387 
 
 256,637 
 
 1896 
 
 133,942 
 
 120,310 
 
 254,252 
 
 12,027 
 
 171,969 
 
 96,241 
 
 280,237 
 
 1897 
 
 134,007 
 
 119,072 
 
 253,079 
 
 11,975 
 
 166,927 
 
 104,760 
 
 283,662 
 
 1898 
 
 132,418 
 
 70,755 
 
 203,173 
 
 9,713 
 
 144,096 
 
 102,508 
 
 256,317 
 
 1899 
 
 129,006 
 
 59,544 
 
 188,550 
 
 8,668 
 
 87,400 
 
 90,478 
 
 186,546 
 
 1900 
 
 140,763 
 
 61,059 
 
 201,822 
 
 13,039 
 
 117,445 
 
 92,047 
 
 222,531 
 
 1901 
 
 187,166 
 
 246,668 
 
 433,834 
 
 16,503 
 
 146,376 
 
 134,849 
 
 297,728 
 
 1902 
 
 178,334 
 
 65,363 
 
 243,697 
 
 18,881 
 
 118,976 
 
 126,737 
 
 264,594 
 
 1903 
 
 179,558 
 
 154,189 
 
 333,747 
 
 16,694 
 
 133,560 
 
 106,495 
 
 256,749 
 
 1904 
 
 180,427 
 
 216,736 
 
 397,163 
 
 16,793 
 
 126,755 
 
 289,230 
 
 432,778 
 
 1905 
 
 179,154 
 
 158,774 
 
 337,928 
 
 17,783 
 
 121,280 
 
 216,495 
 
 355,558 
 
 1906 
 
 179,776 
 
 202,353 
 
 382,129 
 
 19,940 
 
 146,672 
 
 141,942 
 
 308,554 
 
 1907 
 
 193,053 
 
 291,566 
 
 484,619 
 
 20,643 
 
 136,745 
 
 240,942 
 
 398,330 
 
 1908 
 
 196,780 
 
 243,358 
 
 440,138 
 
 30,142 
 
 186,554 
 
 229,605 
 
 446,301 
 
 1909 
 
 281,213 
 
 264,990 
 
 546,203 
 
 39,269 
 
 216,429 
 
 239,529 
 
 495,227 
 
 1910 
 
 290,030 
 
 288,086 
 
 578,116 
 
 35,072 
 
 217,367 
 
 326,546 
 
 578,985 
 
 1911 
 
 319,633 
 
 338,588 
 
 658,221 
 
 38,463 
 
 228,396 
 
 357,141 
 
 624,000 
 
 1912 
 
 326,955 
 
 391,153 
 
 718,108 
 
 39,305 
 
 237,180 
 
 429,771 
 
 706,256 
 
 1913 
 
 393.515 
 
 523,634 
 
 917,149 
 
 39,983 
 
 304,461 
 
 521,398 
 
 865,842 
 
 1914 
 
 455,677 
 
 528,554 
 
 984,231 
 
 42,873 
 
 287,875 
 
 562,941 
 
 893,689 
 
 1915 
 
 464,232 
 
 610,915 
 
 1,075,147 
 
 45,992 
 
 314,501 
 
 609,698 
 
 970,191 
 
 1916 
 
 525.869 
 
 672,116 
 
 1,197,985 
 
 45,839 
 
 343,335 
 
 698,099 
 
 1,087,273 
 
 * Including 10.000 from Government. t Including 75,000 from Government. J Including 
 25 000 from Government. Including 18,750 from Government. || Including 31,250 from 
 Government. t Including 6,250 from Government. 
 
22 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. CITY OF SYDNEY. ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND 
 OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1888 TO 1916. 
 
 Year 
 
 
 
 
 Year 
 
 
 
 
 ending 
 31st 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding. 
 Loans. 
 
 ending 
 31st 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1888 
 
 
 
 735,000 
 
 1903 
 
 2,140,489 
 
 1,617,527 
 
 1,585,000 
 
 1889 
 
 
 
 740,000 
 
 1904 
 
 2,086,599 
 
 1,615,522 
 
 1,590,000 
 
 1890 
 
 
 
 710,000 
 
 1905 
 
 2,067,883 
 
 1,736,364 
 
 1,660,000 
 
 1891 
 
 
 . . 
 
 710,000 
 
 1906 
 
 2,180,057 
 
 1,809,259 
 
 1,735,000 
 
 1892 
 
 . . 
 
 
 960,000 
 
 1907 
 
 2,324,902 
 
 2,0:8,764 
 
 1,880,000 
 
 1893 
 
 
 
 1,260,000 
 
 1908 
 
 2,622,898 
 
 2,408,062 
 
 2,105,000 
 
 1894 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1,260,000 
 
 1909 
 
 3,677,159 
 
 2,994,579 
 
 2,679,000 
 
 1895 
 
 2,410,968 
 
 1,301,958 
 
 1,260,000 
 
 1910 
 
 4,318,028 
 
 3,794,063 
 
 3,231,900 
 
 1896 
 
 2,028,650 
 
 1,414,720 
 
 1,355,000 
 
 1911 
 
 4,845,111 
 
 4,310,441 
 
 3,870,600 
 
 1897 
 
 2,045,442 
 
 1,525,798 
 
 1,410,000 
 
 1912 
 
 6,030,411 
 
 5,654,811 
 
 4,977,500 
 
 1898 
 
 1,983,375* 
 
 1,543,531* 
 
 1,410,000 
 
 1913 
 
 7,456,600 
 
 7,195,657 
 
 5,627,300 
 
 1899 
 
 1,921,308 
 
 1,561,265 
 
 1,410,000 
 
 1914 
 
 8,397,918 
 
 8,142,616 
 
 6,163,800 
 
 1900 
 
 2.057,069 
 
 1,588,233 
 
 1,410,000 
 
 1915 
 
 9,124.125 
 
 8,877,853 
 
 6,1 15, 100 
 
 1901 
 
 2,078,927 
 
 1,612,008 
 
 1,570,000 
 
 1916 
 
 10,005,232 
 
 9,751,011 
 
 7,050,100 
 
 1902 
 
 2,095,859 
 
 1,588,123 
 
 1,535,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 Estimated. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. CITY OF SYDNEY. AREA, POPULATION, AND 
 VALUATIONS, 1859 TO 1916. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Valuations. 
 
 
 Year 
 ending 
 tSlst 
 Dec. 
 
 Area. 
 
 dumber 
 of 
 Dwellings. 
 
 Population. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Rateable 
 Properties. 
 
 Unimproved 
 Capital 
 
 Annual 
 Value of 
 Improved 
 Land, 
 
 Capital 
 Value 
 of all 
 
 Length 
 of 
 Streets . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Value. 
 
 Buildings, 
 
 Property. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 &c. 
 
 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Miles. 
 
 1859 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 10,900 
 
 
 
 
 
 1860 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 11,150 
 
 
 753,900 
 
 
 
 1861 
 
 
 
 
 11,721 
 
 . . 
 
 760,000 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1862 
 
 
 
 
 11,912 
 
 . . 
 
 760,000 
 
 
 
 1863 
 
 
 
 
 12,123 
 
 
 704,000 
 
 7,040,000 
 
 90 
 
 1864 
 
 
 
 
 12,150 
 
 / 
 
 622,000 
 
 6,220,000 
 
 90 
 
 1865 
 
 ... 
 
 
 
 12,445 
 
 . . 
 
 637,600 
 
 
 90 
 
 1866 
 
 
 e 
 
 
 12,740 
 
 
 652,900 
 
 
 95 
 
 1867 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 12,908 
 
 
 702,903 
 
 
 95 
 
 1868 
 
 
 
 
 13,098 
 
 
 708,400 
 
 
 95 
 
 1869 
 
 
 
 
 13,538 
 
 . . 
 
 729,100 
 
 
 95 
 
 1870 
 
 
 
 
 13,995 
 
 
 750,524 
 
 
 96 
 
 1871 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 14,855 
 
 
 781.293 
 
 
 96 
 
 1872 
 
 
 
 
 14,751 
 
 . . 
 
 732,168 
 
 
 97 
 
 1873 
 
 
 
 
 15,100 
 
 
 738,816 
 
 . . 
 
 97 
 
 1874 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 15,472 
 
 
 748,235 
 
 
 100 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 23 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. CITY OF SYDNEY. AREA, POPULATION, AND 
 VALUATIONS, 1859 TO 1916 continued. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Valuations. 
 
 
 
 Year 
 
 
 Number 
 
 
 Number 
 of 
 
 
 
 
 [ t:nth 
 
 l')e'. 
 
 Area. 
 
 of 
 Dwellings. 
 
 'opulation. 
 
 Rateable 
 Properties. 
 
 I "mm proved 
 
 Annual 
 Value of 
 Improved 
 
 Capital 
 Value 
 
 of 
 Streets. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ( 'a pital 
 
 Land, 
 
 of all 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 
 Value. 
 
 r.uildings, 
 
 Property. 
 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 N> 
 
 NX 
 
 N.. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Miles. 
 
 1875 
 
 
 
 
 15,909 
 
 
 7<><),074 
 
 
 100 
 
 1876 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 15,956 
 
 
 760,000 
 
 
 100 
 
 1877 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 16,360 
 
 
 757,000 
 
 
 100 
 
 1878 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 16,590 
 
 
 947,000 
 
 
 100 
 
 1879 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 17,140 
 
 
 960,000 
 
 
 100 
 
 1880 
 
 . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 18,062 
 
 
 ,037,000 
 
 
 100 
 
 1881 
 
 . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 19,932 
 
 
 ,436,765 
 
 
 100 
 
 1882 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 . . 
 
 20,105 
 
 
 ,449,857 
 
 
 100 
 
 1883 
 
 . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 20,197 
 
 
 ,490,357 
 
 29,807,140 
 
 100 
 
 1884 
 
 
 
 
 21,271 
 
 
 ,671,493 
 
 36,772,840 
 
 100 
 
 1885 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 21,352 
 
 
 ,799,793 
 
 39,595,440 
 
 100 
 
 1886 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 20,716* 
 
 
 ,850,214 
 
 40,704,700 
 
 100 
 
 1887 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 7,946f 
 
 
 ,905,888 
 
 41,929,5:0 
 
 100 
 
 1888 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 8,172t 
 
 
 ,936,253 
 
 42,529,525 
 
 105 
 
 1889 
 
 
 21,437 
 
 128J58 
 
 6,321f 
 
 
 2,228,817 
 
 44,576,340 
 
 110 
 
 1890 
 
 2.880 
 
 21,500 
 
 128,880 
 
 20,966 
 
 
 2,276,362 
 
 45,527,240 
 
 115 
 
 1891 
 
 2,880 
 
 21,245 
 
 112,570 
 
 22,009 
 
 
 2,710,488 
 
 51,237,600 
 
 115 
 
 1892 
 
 2,880 
 
 21,767 
 
 113,430 
 
 22,358 
 
 
 2,785,846 
 
 55,716,900 
 
 115 
 
 1893 
 
 2.880 
 
 21,900 
 
 114,100 
 
 22,428 
 
 
 2,777,245 
 
 55,550,000 
 
 115 
 
 1894 
 
 2.880 
 
 22,400 
 
 114,820 
 
 22,428 
 
 
 2,496,175 
 
 55,470,000 
 
 115 
 
 1895 
 
 2,880 
 
 22,500 
 
 115,490 
 
 21,989 
 
 
 2,361,290 
 
 47,225,800 
 
 115 
 
 1896 
 
 2,880 
 
 23,190 
 
 115,980 
 
 22,228 
 
 
 2,237,040 
 
 44,740,700 
 
 115 
 
 1897 
 
 2,880 
 
 23,185 
 
 116,640 
 
 ?2.486 
 
 
 2,173,260 
 
 43,465,200 
 
 nr, 
 
 1898 
 
 ' 2,880 
 
 22,877 
 
 117,270 
 
 22,428 
 
 
 2,145,800 
 
 43,159,900 
 
 117 
 
 1899 
 
 2,880 
 
 21,137 
 
 117,880 
 
 23,569 
 
 
 2,135,700 
 
 43,128,600 
 
 115 
 
 1900 
 
 2,880 
 
 21,137 
 
 118,480 
 
 31.131 
 
 . 
 
 2,144,830 
 
 42,896,500 
 
 115 
 
 1901 
 
 2,880 
 
 21,137 
 
 120,420 
 
 31,131 
 
 . 
 
 2,168,500 
 
 43,370,000 
 
 113 
 
 1902 
 
 2,880 
 
 22,207 
 
 121,200 
 
 34,932 
 
 . 
 
 2,239,750 
 
 44,795,100 
 
 113 
 
 1903 
 
 2,880 
 
 21,604 
 
 116,150 
 
 34,932 
 
 . . 
 
 2,291,780 
 
 44,834,400 
 
 113 
 
 1904 
 
 2,880 
 
 21,399 
 
 113,240 
 
 37,502 
 
 
 2,307,800 
 
 44,889,000 
 
 113 
 
 1905 
 
 2,880 
 
 21,331 
 
 110,820 
 
 37,058 
 
 20,207,812 
 
 2,312,830 
 
 45,545,700 
 
 117 
 
 1906 
 
 2,880 
 
 22,296 
 
 110,760 
 
 37,058 
 
 20,207,812 
 
 2,323,040 
 
 45,749,800 
 
 117 
 
 1907 
 
 2,880 
 
 21,445 
 
 112,000 
 
 37,058 
 
 20,207,812 
 
 2,236,849 
 
 45.749,800 
 
 117 
 
 1908 
 
 2,892 
 
 23,035 
 
 112,900 
 
 42,149 
 
 20,207,812 
 
 2,249,760 
 
 49,060,600 
 
 118 
 
 1909 
 
 3,327 
 
 
 120,660 
 
 42,149 
 
 19,970,365 
 
 2,292,671 
 
 50,948,240 
 
 133 
 
 1910 
 
 3,327 
 
 
 119,800 
 
 42,149 
 
 19,952,793 
 
 2,346,399 
 
 52,142,200 
 
 133 
 
 1911 
 
 3,327 
 
 18,768 
 
 118,800 
 
 46,583 
 
 23,940,030 
 
 2,498,429 
 
 55,520,640 
 
 133 
 
 1912 
 
 3,327 
 
 
 116,400 
 
 46,583 
 
 23,988,480 
 
 2,582,788 
 
 57,395,288 
 
 134 
 
 1913 
 
 3,327 
 
 
 115,900 
 
 46,583 
 
 23,837,157 
 
 2,753,408 
 
 64,080,440 
 
 134 
 
 1914 
 
 3,327 
 
 
 110,700 
 
 43,683 
 
 27,395,826 
 
 3,271,102 
 
 75,786,580 
 
 134 
 
 1915 
 
 3,327 
 
 
 104,200 
 
 43,683 
 
 27,226,283 
 
 3,391,759 
 
 78,580,300 
 
 134 
 
 1916 
 
 
 
 3,327 
 
 
 106,000 
 
 43,683 
 
 31,168,904 
 
 3,466,550 
 
 80,264,720 
 
 124 
 
 * Number of perso'is paying City rates. 
 t Number of electors on roll. 
 
 (c) Summary Tables. 
 
 1 Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following tables give summaries of (i) the 
 revenue and expenditure of all Road Trusts, Municipalities, and Shires, and of the City 
 of Sydney, for the years 1858 to 1916 ; and (ii) the annual value of all property from 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 I860 to 1916, the unimproved capital value of all property from 1905 to 1916, the assets 
 and liabilities from 1895 to 1916, and 'the outstanding loans from 1886 to 1916 of all 
 Municipalities, including the City of Sydney, and Shires : 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. ROAD TRUSTS, MUNICIPALITIES, SHIRES, AND CITY OF 
 SYDNEY. SUMMARY OF REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1858 TO 1916. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 Govern- 
 ment 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Rates and 
 Tolls. 
 
 Grants 
 and 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 Endow- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ments. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1858 
 
 *33,923 
 
 *1 1,446 
 
 *116,425 
 
 *161,794 
 
 *1 1,223 
 
 *85,795 
 
 *60,062 
 
 *157,080 
 
 1859 
 
 *36,856 
 
 *1,790 
 
 *31,326 
 
 72,779 
 
 *9,241 
 
 *80,283 
 
 *44,484 
 
 138,246 
 
 1860 
 
 *47,145 
 
 *3,377 
 
 *45,953 
 
 118,300 
 
 *9,952 
 
 *33,601 
 
 *29,383 
 
 100,226 
 
 1861 
 
 57,567 
 
 18,027 
 
 71,886 
 
 147,480 
 
 *9,311 
 
 *65,948 
 
 *18,731 
 
 131,523 
 
 1862 
 
 *45,883 
 
 *3,635 
 
 *13,064 
 
 108,757 
 
 *11,395 
 
 *76,381 
 
 *31,780 
 
 134,472 
 
 1863 
 
 54,604 
 
 22,808 
 
 108,819 
 
 186,231 
 
 *11,168 
 
 *65,688 
 
 *47,964 
 
 160,299 
 
 1864 
 
 59,457 
 
 24,111 
 
 43,118 
 
 126,686 
 
 17,430 
 
 65,047 
 
 t58,907 
 
 141,384 
 
 1865 
 
 63,447 
 
 21,064 
 
 66,619 
 
 151,130 
 
 18,512 
 
 64,022 
 
 f 69, 885 
 
 152,419 
 
 1866 
 
 73,321 
 
 18,708 
 
 ' 54,710 
 
 146,739 
 
 22,145 
 
 53,883 
 
 f 64, 790 
 
 141,818 
 
 1867 
 
 73,944 
 
 23,927 
 
 69,619 
 
 167,490 
 
 18,942 
 
 61,263 
 
 f84,219 
 
 164,124 
 
 1868 
 
 78,895 
 
 24,801 
 
 131,447 
 
 235,143 
 
 19,052 
 
 85,217 
 
 1 108,285 
 
 212,554 
 
 1869 
 
 79,538 
 
 22,345 
 
 126,708 
 
 228,591 
 
 19,547 
 
 102,973 
 
 f92,316 
 
 214,836 
 
 1870 
 
 83,882 
 
 17,903 
 
 88,954 
 
 190,739 
 
 21,724 
 
 82,872 
 
 f 114,484 
 
 219,080 
 
 1871 
 
 85,704 
 
 16,925 
 
 153,342 
 
 255,971 
 
 22,217 
 
 52,031 
 
 f!37,326 
 
 211,574 
 
 1872 
 
 84,068 
 
 24,299 
 
 146,384 
 
 254,751 
 
 22,228 
 
 68,575 
 
 tl42,479 
 
 233,282 
 
 1873 
 
 93,072 
 
 21,624 
 
 97,493 
 
 212,189 
 
 23,012 
 
 75,823 
 
 1 194, 308 
 
 293,143 
 
 1874 
 
 98,387 
 
 33,873 
 
 133,531 
 
 265,791 
 
 24,241 
 
 78,595 
 
 f 139, 600 
 
 242,436 
 
 1875 
 
 108,418 
 
 35,999 
 
 144,289 
 
 288,706 
 
 24,206 
 
 58,624 
 
 fl31,254 
 
 214,084 
 
 1876 
 
 110,227 
 
 26,260 
 
 88,238 
 
 224,725 
 
 27,064 
 
 97,837 
 
 j-149,416 
 
 274,317 
 
 1877 
 
 118,543 
 
 88,986 
 
 214,870 
 
 422,399 
 
 25,833 
 
 195,327 
 
 106,383 
 
 327,543 
 
 1878 
 
 127,453 
 
 59,924 
 
 159,127 
 
 346,504 
 
 27,919 
 
 271,497 
 
 112,067 
 
 411,483 
 
 1879 
 
 134,371 
 
 105,515 
 
 175,605 
 
 415,491 
 
 29,676 
 
 273,284 
 
 135,223 
 
 438,183 
 
 1880 
 
 212,682 
 
 66,453 
 
 209,517 
 
 488,652 
 
 42,146 
 
 306,076 
 
 139,316 
 
 487,538 
 
 1881 
 
 245,283 
 
 70,426 
 
 215,629 
 
 531,338 
 
 46,271 
 
 312,802 
 
 124,737 
 
 483,810 
 
 1882 
 
 207,352 
 
 89,450 
 
 244,152 
 
 600,954 
 
 42,234 
 
 388,162 
 
 141,392 
 
 571,788 
 
 1883 
 
 302,090 
 
 186,742 
 
 197,875 
 
 686,707 
 
 44,897 
 
 431,535 
 
 176,702 
 
 653,134 
 
 1884 
 
 327,880 
 
 119,754 
 
 282,236 
 
 729,870 
 
 48,319 
 
 501,224 
 
 205,393 
 
 754,936 
 
 1885 
 
 354,434 
 
 127,021 
 
 339,595 
 
 821,050 
 
 52,072 
 
 529,605 
 
 214,412 
 
 796,089 
 
 1886 
 
 386,343 
 
 143,571 
 
 385,465 
 
 915,379 
 
 56,671 
 
 538,958 
 
 240,136 
 
 835,765 
 
 1887 
 
 441,544 
 
 135,635 
 
 490,272 
 
 1,067,451 
 
 61,666 
 
 636,021 
 
 304,081 
 
 1,001,768 
 
 1888 
 
 466,406 
 
 117,885 
 
 410,319 
 
 994,610 
 
 59,045 
 
 552,546 
 
 423,703 
 
 1,035,294 
 
 1889 
 
 499,598 
 
 136,466 
 
 279,481 
 
 915,545 
 
 58,650 
 
 457,024 
 
 370,976 
 
 886,650 
 
 1890 
 
 483,729 
 
 154,736 
 
 289,173 
 
 927,638 
 
 60,672 
 
 510,593 
 
 364,702 
 
 935,967 
 
 1891 
 
 507,216 
 
 168,306 
 
 319,392 
 
 994,914 
 
 68,504 
 
 649,240 
 
 372,792 
 
 1,090,536 
 
 1892 
 
 519,135 
 
 147,585 
 
 535,958 
 
 1,202,678 
 
 74,618 
 
 762,724 
 
 384,391 
 
 1,221,733 
 
 1893 
 
 497,601 
 
 142,741 
 
 216,389 
 
 856,731 
 
 64,757 
 
 562,545 
 
 353,764 
 
 981,066 
 
 1894 
 
 499,745 
 
 53,483 
 
 695,039 
 
 1,248,267 
 
 69,552 
 
 465,373 
 
 512,251 
 
 1,047,176 
 
 1895 
 
 463,409 
 
 114,428 
 
 292,917 
 
 870,754 
 
 73,056 
 
 340,338 
 
 484,162 
 
 897,556 
 
 1896 
 
 461,786 
 
 73,081 
 
 339,904 
 
 874,771 
 
 74,470 
 
 363,226 
 
 464,443 
 
 902,139 
 
 1897 
 
 465,421 
 
 90,284 
 
 325,078 
 
 880,783 
 
 74,980 
 
 380,288 
 
 467,328 
 
 922,596 
 
 1898 
 
 462,225 
 
 76,915 
 
 268,489 
 
 807,629 
 
 72,653 
 
 336,911 
 
 464,239 
 
 873,803 
 
 1899 
 
 459,657 
 
 43,179 
 
 290,413 
 
 793,249 
 
 69,357 
 
 269,968 
 
 477,770 
 
 817,095 
 
 1900 
 
 513,636 
 
 42,044 
 
 275,690 
 
 831,370 
 
 74,427 
 
 304,608 
 
 473,770 
 
 852,805 
 
 1901 
 
 576,621 
 
 80,719 
 
 477,785 
 
 1,135,125 
 
 78,168 
 
 330,193 
 
 540,850 
 
 949,211 
 
 1902 
 
 579,067 
 
 49,696 
 
 339,035 
 
 967,798 
 
 82,806 
 
 323,531 
 
 605,084 
 
 1,011,421 
 
 1903 
 
 621,408 
 
 60,841 
 
 333,927 
 
 1,016,176 
 
 99,343 
 
 355,054 
 
 476,761 
 
 931,158 
 
 1904 
 
 623,735 
 
 24,225 
 
 405,674 
 
 1,053,634 
 
 84,271 
 
 351,704 
 
 660,471 
 
 1,096,446 
 
 * Road Trusts and City of Sydney only. 
 
 t Including expenditure on Works in Municipalities. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 25 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. ROAD TRUSTS, MUNICIPALITIES, SHIRES, AND CITY 
 OF SYDNEY. SUMMARY OF REVENUE, ETC., 1858 TO 1916 continued. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 
 
 Govern- 
 
 
 
 f 
 
 
 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 ment 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Rates and 
 Tolls. 
 
 Grants 
 and 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 Endow- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ments. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1905 
 
 640,136 
 
 24,335 
 
 406,559 
 
 1,071,030 
 
 85,901 
 
 354,998 
 
 650,193 
 
 1,091,092 
 
 1906 
 
 665,908 
 
 83,022 
 
 433,854 
 
 1,182,784 
 
 90,629 
 
 402,319 
 
 593,999 
 
 1,086,947 
 
 1907 
 
 1,017,597 
 
 307,000 
 
 714,1J2 
 
 2,038,709 
 
 199,791 
 
 672,199 
 
 886,638 
 
 1,758,628 
 
 1908 
 
 1,191,203 
 
 253,286 
 
 588,159 
 
 2,032,648 
 
 252,646 
 
 968,066 
 
 749,051 
 
 1,969,763 
 
 1909 
 
 1,287,348 
 
 339,891 
 
 740,537 
 
 2,367,776 
 
 251,190 
 
 1,089,017 
 
 861,344 
 
 2,201,551 
 
 1910 
 
 1,360,197 
 
 357,066 
 
 782,322 
 
 2,499,585 
 
 258,943 
 
 1,210,388 
 
 997,697 
 
 2,467,028 
 
 1911 
 
 1,514,821 
 
 381,422 
 
 883,234 
 
 2,779,477 
 
 268,629 
 
 1,288,862 
 
 1,075,143 
 
 2,632,634 
 
 1912 
 
 1,662,177 
 
 428,577 
 
 ,038,672 
 
 3,129,426 
 
 221,747 
 
 1,515,215 
 
 1,277,797 
 
 3,014,759 
 
 1913 
 
 1,845,688 
 
 207,517 
 
 ,292,911 
 
 3,346,116 
 
 244,675 
 
 1,562,133 
 
 1,419,840 
 
 3,226,648 
 
 1914 
 
 2,091,794 
 
 385,662 
 
 ,302,488 
 
 3,779,944 
 
 254,717 
 
 1,725,192 
 
 1,511,691 
 
 3,491,600 
 
 1915 
 
 2,151,297 
 
 393,957 
 
 ,423,429 
 
 3,968,683 
 
 248,882 
 
 1,835,898 
 
 1,672,926 
 
 3,757,706 
 
 1916 
 
 2,270,726 
 
 389,833 
 
 ,520,526 
 
 4,181,085 
 
 267,072 
 
 1,873,505 
 
 1,836,325 
 
 3,976,902 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. ROAD TRUSTS, MUNICIPALITIES, SHIRES, AND CITY OF 
 SYDNEY. SUMMARY OF ANNUAL AND UNIMPROVED VALUES, ASSETS, 
 LIABILITIES, AND OUTSTANDING LOANS, I860 TO 1916. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Annual Value. 
 
 Unimproved 
 Capital Value. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 T/iabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I860 .. 
 
 1,186,638 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1861 .. 
 
 1,175,740 
 
 
 
 
 
 1862 .. 
 
 1,212,361 
 
 
 
 
 
 1863 .. 
 
 ,176,447 
 
 
 i \ 
 
 [ * 
 
 ] " 
 
 1864 .. 
 
 ,152,264 
 
 
 
 
 
 1865 ,. 
 
 ,168,039 
 
 
 . ' 
 
 
 *. 
 
 1866 .. 
 
 ,227,412 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1867 .. 
 
 ,282,885 
 
 
 
 
 
 1868 .. 
 
 ,335,319 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 1869 .. 
 
 ,401,980 
 
 
 
 
 
 1870 .. 
 
 ,481,868 
 
 
 
 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 ,615,493 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 
 1872 .. 
 
 ,629,241 
 
 
 
 
 
 1873 .. 
 
 ,679,007 
 
 
 
 
 
 1874 .. 
 
 ,699,545 
 
 
 
 
 
 1875 .. 
 
 ,879,021 
 
 
 
 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 2,016,181 
 
 
 
 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 2,175,094 
 
 
 
 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 2,443,939 
 
 
 
 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 2,814,431 
 
 
 
 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 3,138,362 
 
 
 
 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 3,767,711 
 
 
 
 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 3,736,468 
 
 
 
 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 4,206,806 
 
 
 
 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 4,885,820 
 
 
 
 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 5,441,159 
 
 
 
 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 5,867,850 
 
 
 
 
 440,149* 
 
 1887 . . - 
 
 6,303,383 
 
 
 
 
 733,148* 
 
 * Exclusive of the City of Sydney. 
 
26 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. ROAD TRUSTS, MUNICIPALITIES, SHIRES, AND CITY 
 OF SYDNEY. SUMMARY OF ANNUAL AND UNIMPROVED VALUES, ETC., 
 1860 TO 1916 continued. 
 
 Year. ] Annual Value. 
 
 Unimproved 
 Capital Value. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i? 
 
 
 
 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 6,183,133 
 
 
 
 
 1,552,087 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 6,961,530 
 
 
 
 
 1,634,013 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 7,149,304 
 
 
 
 
 1,751,296 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 7,854,140 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 1,793,775 
 
 1892 . . . . ; 8,179,061 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 2,119,450 
 
 1893 .. .. 7,987,177 
 
 . . . 1 
 
 . 
 
 2,522,393 
 
 1894 .. .. 7,460,674 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
 2,583,874 
 
 1895 .. .. 7,290,630 
 
 
 4.010,178 
 
 2,643,967 
 
 2,585,235 
 
 1896 .. .. j 7,072,190 
 
 
 3,652,231 
 
 2,863,347 
 
 2,670,910 
 
 1897 .. . . , 6,935,900 
 
 
 3,655,807 
 
 2,999,433 
 
 2,707,569 
 
 1898 .. .. 6,906,330 
 
 
 3,658,340 
 
 3,010,880 
 
 2,736,703 
 
 1899 .. .. 6,984,010 
 
 
 3,592,808 
 
 3,047,987 
 
 2,730,934 
 
 1900 
 
 7,483,290 
 
 
 3,780,928 
 
 3,086,138 
 
 2,732,044 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 7,679,930 
 
 
 3,841,083 
 
 3,115,548 
 
 2,917,140 
 
 1902 .. .. i 7,656,250 
 
 
 3,823,759 
 
 3,110,493 
 
 2,881,511 
 
 1903 .. .. i 7,927,580 
 
 
 3,927,766 
 
 3,126,693 
 
 2,936,939 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 8,120,750 
 
 . . 
 
 3,947,976 
 
 3,151,191 
 
 2,962,439 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 8,310,950 
 
 54,667,022 
 
 3,956,661 
 
 3,295,324 
 
 3,052,332 
 
 1906 . . . . 1 8,446,320 
 
 54,667.022 
 
 4,213,786 
 
 3,356,514 
 
 3,131,872 
 
 1907 .. .. 12.829,849 
 
 141,231,942 
 
 4,396,623 
 
 3,612,932 
 
 3,317,103 
 
 1908 
 
 13,171,598 
 
 146.527,422 
 
 5,010,054 
 
 4,806,229 
 
 3,482,415 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 13,352,619 
 
 146,719,632 
 
 6,123,422 
 
 5,366,856 
 
 4,132,007 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 13,932,947 
 
 153,465,234 
 
 7,022,163 
 
 6,401,472 
 
 4.696,155 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 14,776,740 
 
 164,034,416 
 
 7.724,884 
 
 6,976,139 
 
 5,339,673 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 15,541.602 
 
 169,737,901 
 
 9,182,115 
 
 8,425,504 
 
 6,480,908 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 16,449,003 
 
 172,337,445 
 
 10,749,907 
 
 10,104,079 
 
 7,162,328 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 18,610,693 
 
 185.400,027 
 
 11,968,977 
 
 11,190,632 
 
 7,795,856 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 19,510,909 
 
 188,218,334 
 
 13,024,024 
 
 12,194,903 
 
 8,421,643 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 20,184,148 
 
 194,964,738 
 
 14,137.771 
 
 13,255,861 
 
 8,890,600 
 
 (D) Municipal Gasworks. 
 
 1. General. Under the Municipalities Act 1906, Municipalities are authorized to 
 construct gasworks for public lighting and to provide private consumers with gas. In 
 addition, acetylene gas plants have been established in certain Municipalities. 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following tables give particulars of (i) the 
 revenue and expenditure from 1908 to 1916; (ii) the assets and liabilities from 1908 to 
 1916 ; and (iii) the value from 1892 to 1916 of municipal gasworks : 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. MUNICIPAL GASWORKS. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1908 TO 1916. 
 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year 
 
 Number of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 y 
 
 
 
 
 ending 
 31st 
 
 Municipali- 
 
 . 
 
 be 
 
 "S-2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 M 
 
 I 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 December. 
 
 ties. 
 
 2.5 
 
 gl 
 
 5-g 
 
 
 
 --2 
 
 
 
 ti 
 
 o .- 
 
 .. 
 
 
 
 
 cS '*s 
 
 11 
 
 111 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 "3 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Sr, 
 
 J 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 fii-5 
 
 2 
 
 -J5^ 
 
 O 
 
 H 
 
 m 
 
 S 
 
 S 
 
 ^5 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 No. 
 
 s. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1908 
 
 20 
 
 33,867 
 
 7,652 
 
 4,142 
 
 1,742 
 
 47,403 
 
 22,714 
 
 1,525 
 
 3,904 
 
 1,700 
 
 2.457 
 
 32,300 
 
 1909 
 
 20 
 
 38,421 
 
 8,850 
 
 4,492 
 
 374 
 
 52,137 
 
 24,848 
 
 2,160 
 
 4,663 
 
 1 ,838 
 
 2,789 
 
 36,298 
 
 1910 
 
 20 
 
 41,027 
 
 8,948 
 
 5,353 
 
 403 
 
 55,731 
 
 28,466 
 
 2,896 
 
 5.207 
 
 2,000 
 
 4,345 
 
 42,914 
 
 1911 
 
 21 
 
 43,183 
 
 9,258 
 
 5,806 
 
 252 
 
 58,499 
 
 29,942 
 
 2,931 
 
 5,323 
 
 2,149 
 
 4,564 
 
 44,909 
 
 1912 ... 
 
 21 
 
 46,523 
 
 10,177 
 
 6,157 
 
 395 
 
 63,252 
 
 33,836 
 
 3,806 
 
 6,345 
 
 2,747 
 
 2,156 
 
 48,890 
 
 1913 
 
 21 
 
 .51,960 
 
 10,818 
 
 6,941 
 
 362 
 
 70,081 
 
 33,904 
 
 4,299 
 
 9,664 
 
 2,870 
 
 885 
 
 51.622 
 
 1914 
 
 21 
 
 56,808 
 
 10,914 
 
 7,312 
 
 660 
 
 75,01)4 
 
 38,268 
 
 4.363 
 
 10,032 
 
 3,083 
 
 011 
 
 56,657 
 
 1915 
 
 21 
 
 60,229 
 
 11,388 
 
 8,023 
 
 468 
 
 80,108 
 
 41,166 
 
 5,115 
 
 10,738 
 
 3,469 
 
 706 
 
 61,193 
 
 1916 
 
 21 
 
 65,706 
 
 11,449 
 
 8,195 
 
 510 
 
 85,860 
 
 45,894 
 
 6,187 
 
 1?,264 
 
 3,859 
 
 1,245 
 
 69.449 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, KI . 
 
 27 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. MUNICIPAL GASWORKS. -ASSETS AND LIABILITIES, 
 
 1908 TO 1916. 
 
 
 Trading Account. 
 
 Loan Fund. 
 
 Year ending :'.lst Drrcmber. 
 
 A> -i 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 taaett. 
 
 Liability. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1908 
 
 47,385 
 
 19,203 
 
 191,695 
 
 162,209 
 
 1909 
 
 30,877 
 
 7,425 
 
 200,602 
 
 156,131 
 
 1910 
 
 51,620 
 
 19,981 
 
 196,614 
 
 156,549 
 
 1911 
 
 53,892 
 
 22,077 
 
 191,464 
 
 151,651 
 
 1912 
 
 59,888 
 
 26,049 
 
 204,608 
 
 151,607 - 
 
 1913 
 
 69,323 
 
 32,480 
 
 200,613 
 
 141,138 
 
 1914 
 
 87,973 
 
 47,543 
 
 180,611 
 
 121,839 
 
 1915 
 
 97,641 
 
 53,592 
 
 205,664 
 
 129,941 
 
 1916 
 
 111,031 
 
 57,257 
 
 208,831 
 
 132,599 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. MUNICIPAL GASWORKS. VALUE OF WORKS, 1892 TO 1916 
 
 Year ending 
 
 No. of 
 
 Munici- 
 palities. 
 
 Value 
 of 
 Works. 
 
 Year ending 
 
 No. of 
 .Munici- 
 palities. 
 
 Value 
 of 
 Works. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 February, 1892 
 
 11 
 
 118,900 
 
 February, 1905 
 
 20 
 
 184,008 
 
 1893 
 
 16 
 
 156,800 
 
 ' 1906 .. 
 
 20 
 
 186,945 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 16 
 
 163,100 
 
 1907 
 
 20 
 
 191,869 
 
 1895 
 
 17 
 
 165,558 
 
 1908 
 
 20 
 
 195,582 
 
 1896 
 
 17 
 
 160,724 
 
 31st December, 1908 
 
 20 
 
 162,764 
 
 1897 
 
 17 
 
 162,274 
 
 1909 
 
 20 
 
 190,249 
 
 1898 
 
 17 
 
 160,158 
 
 1910 
 
 20 
 
 167,316 
 
 1899 . . 
 
 17 
 
 160,020 
 
 1911 
 
 21 
 
 170,103 
 
 1900 . . 
 
 17 
 
 159,848 
 
 1912 
 
 21 
 
 182,304 
 
 1901 
 
 17 
 
 160,362 
 
 1913 
 
 21 
 
 181,397 
 
 1902 
 
 17 
 
 160,022 
 
 1914 
 
 21 
 
 161,613 
 
 1903 
 
 18 
 
 168,779 
 
 1915 
 
 21 
 
 185,004 
 
 1904 
 
 18 
 
 171,731 
 
 1916 
 
 21 
 
 188,054 
 
 (E) Municipal Electricity Works. 
 
 1. General. Various Municipalities have erected electric-light plants under separate 
 Acts, and sell light and power to the public. 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following tables are shewn (i) the revenue 
 and expenditure from 1908 to 1916; (ii) the assets and liabilities from 1908 to 1916; and 
 (iii) the value from 1892 to 1916 of municipal electricity works, exclusive of those owned 
 by the Sydney Corporation : 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. MUNICIPAL ELECTRICITY WORKS (EXCLUSIVE OF 
 SYDNEY) REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1908 TO 1916. 
 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year 
 ending 
 
 Number of 
 
 Muniripuli 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 .2 
 
 1 
 
 | 
 
 
 
 
 December. 
 
 ties. 
 
 i.H 
 
 0.5 
 
 t, >. 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 bfl 
 
 O.S 
 
 
 
 
 
 21= 
 
 iS 
 
 gg 
 
 |j 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 S 
 
 c 
 
 ;S 
 
 jj 
 
 ij 
 
 
 
 IS 
 
 3 
 
 I-F 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 1 
 
 '1 
 
 1 
 
 ^^ 
 
 o 
 
 H 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 1908* 
 
 6 
 
 (1.77'.) 
 
 9,366 
 
 504 
 
 1,962 
 
 18,601 
 
 6378 
 
 1.4C.S 
 
 943 
 
 690 
 
 3,421 
 
 13,400 
 
 1909* 
 
 (i 
 
 6,662 
 
 8,780 
 
 1,897 
 
 994 
 
 18,333 
 
 8,688 
 
 1,683 
 
 1,195 
 
 858 
 
 1,482 
 
 13,906 
 
 1010* 
 
 7 
 
 7,410 
 
 9,084 
 
 4,211 
 
 851 
 
 21,056 
 
 11,105 
 
 1,697 
 
 1,434 
 
 1,952 
 
 2,025 
 
 18,213 
 
 1011* 
 
 8 
 
 0.47s 
 
 9,569 
 
 :..:;7;; 
 
 766 
 
 25,186 
 
 13,822 
 
 1^957 
 
 1,980 
 
 2. ()!)() 
 
 1,102 
 
 20,401 
 
 1012 
 
 s 
 
 18,787 
 
 1:1.414 
 
 6,580 
 
 1,798 
 
 39,579 
 
 18,611 
 
 3,476 
 
 3,377 
 
 2,276 
 
 1,237 
 
 28,977 
 
 101:; 
 
 10 
 
 21,120 
 
 9,768 
 
 5,917 
 
 2,432 
 
 39,237 
 
 17,524 
 
 2,826 
 
 6,204 
 
 1,821 
 
 1,136 
 
 29,511 
 
 1914 
 
 12 
 
 26,265 
 
 10,262 
 
 9,064 
 
 3,116 
 
 48,687 
 
 21,711 
 
 3,058 
 
 4,308 
 
 1,541 
 
 4,234 
 
 34,852 
 
 1915 
 
 11 
 
 30,186 
 
 1 l.l:;:-. 
 
 1(1. '.HO 
 
 3,115 
 
 55,349 
 
 23,782 
 
 3,353 
 
 4,970 
 
 1,917 
 
 4,508 
 
 
 1916 
 
 11 
 
 35,297 
 
 11,542 
 
 11,842 
 
 3.786 
 
 62,467 
 
 27,019 
 
 3,896 
 
 6,461 
 
 1,962 
 
 5,456 
 
 44,794 
 
 Exclusive of Broken Hill. 
 
3 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. MUNICIPAL ELECTRICITY WORKS (EXCLUSIVE OF 
 SYDNEY). ASSETS AND LIABILITIES, 1908 TO 1916. 
 
 
 Trading Account. 
 
 Loan Fund. 
 
 Year ending 31st 
 
 
 
 December. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1908* 
 
 19,656 
 
 5,610 
 
 62,026 
 
 91,003 
 
 1909* 
 
 8,745 
 
 5,014 
 
 86,005 
 
 103,369 
 
 1910* 
 
 8,446 
 
 8,983 
 
 90,294 
 
 107,574 
 
 1911* 
 
 10,541 
 
 10,941 
 
 100,305 
 
 116,812 
 
 1912 
 
 18,756 
 
 12,501 
 
 124,210 
 
 140,159 
 
 1913 
 
 24,476 
 
 16,144 
 
 117,324 
 
 123,744 
 
 1914 
 
 34,683 
 
 20,822 
 
 156,672 
 
 157,963 
 
 1915 
 
 54,710 
 
 31,573 
 
 159,440 
 
 159,161 
 
 1916 
 
 58,753 
 
 29,858 
 
 211,963 
 
 187,275 
 
 * Exclusive of Broken Hill. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. MUNICIPAL ELECTRICITY WORKS (EXCLUSIVE OF 
 SYDNEY). VALUE OF WORKS, 1892 TO 1916. 
 
 Year ending - 
 
 No. of 
 Munici- 
 palities. 
 
 Value 
 of 
 Works. 
 
 Year ending- 
 
 No. of 
 
 Munici- 
 palities. 
 
 Value 
 
 of 
 Works. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 February, 1892 
 
 5 
 
 45,500 
 
 February, 1905 
 
 5 
 
 52,000 
 
 1893 
 
 5 
 
 47,500 
 
 : 1906 .. 
 
 5 
 
 64,500 
 
 1894 . . 
 
 6 
 
 57,500 
 
 1907 
 
 6 
 
 71,500 
 
 1895 . . 
 
 6 
 
 57,650 
 
 1908 . . 
 
 6 
 
 77,700 
 
 1896 . . 
 
 6 
 
 57,200 
 
 31st December, 1908* 
 
 6 
 
 49,962 
 
 1897 
 
 6 
 
 57,200 
 
 1909* 
 
 6 
 
 61,290 
 
 1898 . . 
 
 6 
 
 56,700 
 
 1910* 
 
 7 
 
 64,001 
 
 1899 
 
 6 
 
 54,700 
 
 1911* 
 
 8 
 
 71,370 
 
 1900 
 
 6 
 
 54,500 
 
 1912 
 
 8 
 
 88,504 
 
 1901 
 
 6 
 
 54,500 
 
 1913 
 
 10 
 
 76,757 
 
 1902 . . 
 
 6 
 
 54,650 
 
 1914 
 
 12 
 
 106,593 
 
 1903 . . 
 
 6 
 
 54,850 
 
 1915 
 
 11 
 
 104,874 
 
 1904 . . 
 
 5 
 
 48,000 
 
 1916 
 
 11 
 
 141,958 
 
 Exclusive of Broken Hill. 
 
 2. Victoria. 
 
 (A) Municipalities and Shires. 
 
 1. General Review. Prior to separation from New South Wales, the Acts of that 
 Colony were in force in Victoria. The Act of 1850, conferring a separate constitution on 
 Victoria, provided for the formation of District Councils, Melbourne and Geelong having 
 been already incorporated by special Acts. In 1853 a Central Road Board was created, 
 and in 1854 the Municipalities Act was passed providing for the creation of Municipalities. 
 This was superseded in 1863 by the Local Government Act, under which provision was 
 made for Shires as well as Municipalities and Road Boards. This Act of 1863 has been 
 amended and consolidated from time to time, and was finally consolidated in 1915, the 
 whole of Victoria, with the exception of French Island in Western Port Bay, being now 
 divided into Cities, Boroughs, and Shires. In 1912 the Country Roads Act was passed, 
 by which certain main roads were to be constructed primarily at Government expense, 
 a portion thereof being repaid by the Municipalities concerned. 
 
 The following particulars do not refer to the Cities of Melbourne and Geelong, which 
 are dealt with separately (see pages 42 to 48). 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 29 
 
 2. Legislation prior to the Formation of Road Districts. Prior to the Act of 1850, 
 which granted a Constitution to Victoria, roads, bridges, &c., were subject to the same 
 Acts as in New South Wales, except in Melbourne and Geelong, which were incorporated 
 by special Acts in 1842 and 1849 respectively. 
 
 The Act of 1850, constituting Victoria a separate Colony, contained provisions respecting 
 existing District Councils, which declared void the Letters Patent establishing a Council 
 which had not been followed by an election of Councillors, and which permitted the 
 revocation by the Governor of the Letters Patent of an existing District Council, upon 
 the petition of the Council itself, or if there was no Council, upon the petition of resident 
 householders. Simultaneously it was made lawful for the Governor to incorporate the 
 inhabitants of a District and establish a Council upon petition from inhabitant house- 
 holders. In every respect the conditions attached to the formation and duties of Councils 
 under the 1850 Act were the same as those under the 1842 Act of New South Wales (see 
 page 9), except that (a) the qualifications of an elector were reduced to 100 for a 
 freeholder and 10 for a householder or leaseholder: (6) the word " man" was substituted 
 for person; and (c) the provision requiring a District Council to provide half the cost of 
 maintaining the police within its District was deleted. 
 
 The necessity for a more comprehensive scheme of Local Government soon became 
 apparent, owing to the increase of settlement on the land, which followed the gold-rush. 
 In 1852 two Committees of the Legislative Council were appointed, one to inquire 
 into the operations of District Councils which had already been established, and the other 
 to report generally upon the condition of the roads and bridges in the State, and as to 
 how far the funds for their construction and maintenance could be best expended. The 
 outcome of the second Committee was the passing of the Roads Act 1853. 
 
 3. Roads Act 1853.- Certain roads were proclaimed Main Roads, and were placed 
 under the control of a Central Road Board consisting of three Commissioners nominated 
 by the Governor. These Commissioners were given power to construct and maintain 
 Main Roads and Bridges, as well as District, Parish, and Cross Roads and Bridges. In 
 addition, the Governor was authorized to proclaim Road Districts, and on petition from 
 five landholders and five householders a Justice of the Peace was required to call a meeting 
 for the purpose of forming a District Road Board. At this meeting not less than five 
 nor more than nine members were to be elected, persons assessed at from 5s. to 30s. per 
 year having one vote, and those assessed at over 30s. two votes. The existing Trustees 
 of a Parish Road were deemed to be a District Road Board for the locality through 
 which such Parish Road passed and for 3 miles on either side, and were to continue in office 
 until a Road District had been proclaimed and a Road Board appointed. Members of a 
 Road Board were elected annually, and were empowered to construct and maintain 
 Parish or Cross Roads. The revenue of the Board was derived from tolls and assessment 
 rates, the latter of which were fixed at meetings of landholders and householders. The 
 Board was not permitted either to borrow money or anticipate its funds ; but, in 1854, the 
 Act was amended to allow of a Board anticipating its funds by entering into contracts, 
 but not to an amount exceeding the rates to be received for twelve months after making 
 such contract. 
 
 4. Municipal Institutions Act 1854. Under this Act, on the petition of 150 resident 
 householders, the Governor was authorized to proclaim a Municipal District, provided 
 that the area contained not more than 9 square miles, no part of which was more than 
 6 miles from any other part, and that the number of resident householders was not less 
 than 300. A meeting could be convened by ten or more persons for the purpose (a) of 
 deciding whether the Council should consist of 3, 5, or 7 members ; (b) of determining the 
 remuneration, if any, to be paid to Councillors ; and (c) of electing the members. The 
 Chairman was elected by the Councillors for a period of one year, while of the latter one 
 out of three, two out of five, or three out of seven retired annually in rotation. The care 
 and management of roads, streets, wharves, jetties, and piers were vested in the Council, 
 as well as the provision of cemeteries, preservation of public health, maintenance of the 
 poor and sick, and the necessary supply of* water. The revenue was derived from tolls 
 and dues on roads, markets, and wharves, and from rates not exceeding two shillings in 
 the pound on the annual value, half of which was payable by the tenant and half by the 
 owner. Power to borrow on mortgage or otherwise was granted to an amount not 
 
30 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 exceeding three years' income. An amendment of the Act in 1856 made it obligatory for 
 a member of the Council to be a resident in Victoria, and rendered the election of a non- 
 resident .member null and void. It also prohibited females from voting, and granted 
 subsidies from Government funds. The Act of 1854 was consolidated and re-enacted in 
 1863, the principal features being retained. The more important new features were 
 (a) that a quarter of the ratepayers might petition for the division of the Borough, as the 
 Municipal District was now called, into three Wards ; (6) that the number of Councillors 
 was raised to nine for a single Borough up to 24 for four united Boroughs ; and (c) that 
 the Government endowments was fixed on a gradually decreasing scale, so that after the 
 fifth year no subsidy was to be paid. 
 
 5. Local Government Act 1863. Provision was made under this Act for Road Districts 
 and Shires, the existing Road Districts and Councils being retained. A new Road District 
 could be formed on the petition of ten or more inhabitants, but must contain not less than 
 40 square miles, and have rateable property of a net annual value of not less than 5,000. 
 On the petition of twenty ratepayers a District might be divided into two or three 
 subdivisions. A District Board comprised six, or, in the case of three subdivisions, nine 
 members, while united Districts had up to fifteen members. One-third of the members 
 retired annually. The powers of the District Councils remained practically the same, 
 but the construction and maintenance of main roads and bridges was placed in their 
 hands, although the Government was authorized to bear part of the cost of their 
 construction. The endowment from Government for the first five years was fixed at 2 
 for every 1 of rates collected, and thereafter at 1 for 1. A Shire contained an area of 
 not less than 100 square miles, and an income from rates amounting to at least 1,000. 
 The powers and functions of a Shire Council were the same as those of a District Council, 
 but, in addition, a Shire Council could borrow for permanent works or for the repayment 
 of a loan on mortgage of special rates. In 1867 a Borough Council was authorized to 
 issue hackney carriage licences. 
 
 6. Public Works Statute 1865. The Governor appointed a Board of Land and 
 Works, consisting of not less than three nor more than seven members, to consider and 
 determine the adoption of plans of public works and acceptance of tenders. In addition, 
 roads and bridges, not within a Road District, Shire, or Borough, were placed under its 
 management, together with the receipt of tolls. 
 
 7. Shires Statute 1869. This Act consolidated that portion of the Local Government 
 Act 1863, together with its amendments, which related to Shires, and presented few 
 new features. Existing Shires and Road Districts remained. Any union of Shires, 
 Districts, Boroughs, &c., and any new Shire must have a minimum revenue of 1,000 
 a year from a rate of one shilling in the pound on the annual value. Shires could be 
 divided into two or three Ridings, while the number of Councillors for a union of four 
 Shires was raised to 24. The maintenance of main roads and bridges was vested in 
 the Councils, but the Government could expend up to 70,000 in one year on main 
 roads, and defray half the cost of bridges, but not exceeding 30,000 in one year. The 
 Government endowment was fixed at 2 for every 1 of rates; not exceeding one 
 shilling in the pound collected, the total amount not to exceed 160,000 a year for five 
 years, after the expiration of which the subsidy was to cease. An amendment made in 
 1871 converted a Road District, the annual value of which exceeded 12,000, irrespective 
 of its area, into a Shire. 
 
 8. Boroughs Statute 1869. This Act repealed the Local Government Act 1863, 
 but there were few points of difference between the two Acts. The number of 
 C9uncillors was fixed at a minimum of six and a maximum of nine, except for united 
 Boroughs, when it might range up to eighteen. The Government was authorized to 
 contribute half the cost of main roads, but at a cost not exceeding 5,000 in one year, 
 or 500 in one Borough. 
 
 9. Local Government Act 1874. By this , Act all previous Acts relating to Local 
 Government were repealed, with the exception of those referring to the City of Melbourne 
 or Town of Geelong. Every City and Town was deemed to be a Borough, and the 
 Corporation of a Borough, Shire, or Road District, a Municipality. The existing 
 boundaries of Boroughs and Shires were scheduled. A new Shire could be constituted 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 31 
 
 in place of a Road District when the sum of 500 was obtained on a rate of one shilling 
 in the pound of annual value. A Borough must have an area not exceeding 9 square 
 miles, having no point distant more than 6 miles from any other point, and containing 
 not less than 300 resident householders. A Borough with a gross revenue of not less 
 than 10,000 could be proclaimed a Xown, or if the gross revenue was not less than 20,000, 
 a ( 'it y. The endowment, for a Shire was fixed at 2 for every 1 of general rates, not 
 exceeding one shilling in the pound, and for a Borough 1 for every 1, but not to 
 exceed 2,000 in a year in any one Borough. An annual endowment of 310,000 was 
 authorized, but ceased to be payable in 1879. A subsidy in lieu thereof, amounting to 
 i':{ 10,000, was voted, and gradually increased until 1890-91, when 450,000 was reached. 
 The system of collection by tolls was to remain in force until the end of 1875, but was 
 prolonged by subsequent enactments to the end of 1877, when it was abolished, except 
 at ferries. 
 
 10. Local Government Act 1890. The Acts previously existing were consolidated 
 by that of 1890. Among the alterations made was a change in the number of votes to 
 which an elector- was entitled, the new scale being one vote for property rated at less 
 than 50 in a Borough, or 25 in a Shire ; twa votes for property rated at 50 to 100 
 in a Borough, or 25 to 75 in a Shire ; and three votes for property rated above these 
 amounts. No change was made in the rates of endowment. In 1891 the system of 
 endowments was altered, and the following sums were granted for every 1 of general 
 rates : Cities and Towns, 10s. ; other Boroughs, 15s. ; Shires, I. Class, 12s. 6d. ; 
 II. Class, 24s. ; III. Class, 28s. ; IV. Class, 40s. ; V. Class, 47s. 6d. ; VI. Class, 55s. 
 For the year 1893 these subsidies were reduced. In 1895 subsidies were withdrawn 
 from Cities, Towns, and first class Shires. In 1891 the sum of 450,000 was provided 
 as an annual endowment, reduced to 405,000 from 1st January, 1893 ; to 310,000 from 
 1st July, 1893; to 100,000 from 1st July,1894; and to 50,000 from 1st July, 1902. 
 For the year 1906-7 it was increased to 75,000, and from the 1st July, 1907, to 
 100,000, at which figure it remained until 1915, when it was reduced to 50,000. 
 In 1896 the amount of annual rates requisite for the constitution of a Shire was 
 increased from 500 to 1,500. In 1903 the Local Government Act was consolidated 
 and amended. The principal new features of this Act were as follows : (a) the 
 number of inhabitants necessary to constitute a Shire was raised from 300 to 500, 
 in addition to which the District must contain property capable of yielding 300 
 with a rate of one shilling in the pound of annual value ; (b) Townships might 
 be proclaimed on petition of 25 resident ratepayers in any Shire, but they were not to 
 exceed 3 square miles in extent nor be distant less than 10 miles from the boundaries of 
 the City of Melbourne ; and (c) Boards were to be appointed by the Governor for the 
 purpose of granting certificates of competency to municipal clerks and surveyors. No 
 provision was made for the classification of Shires, &c., for Government endowments, the 
 classification made in 1891 still remaining in force. An amendment in 1904 empowered 
 the Governor to aeclare a Shire to be a Borough when such Shire attained the extent, 
 population, and revenue requisite for a Borough. In 1907 the Municipal Association of 
 Victoria was incorporated with power to establish a Municipal Officers' Guarantee 
 Fund. In the same year an alteration was made in the classification and endowment 
 paid, and the following scale was adopted on the basis of every 1 received as general 
 and extra rates : 
 
 Cities and Towns, no endowment. 
 
 Boroughs and first class Shires, 3s. ; maximum, 150. 
 
 Second class Shires, 5s. ; maximum, 1,600. 
 
 Third class Shires, 6s. ; maximum, 1,600. 
 
 Fourth class Shires, 8s. 
 
 Fifth class Shires, 10s. 
 
 Sixth class Shires, 12s. 
 
 The total endowment from 1907 was 100,000 a year until June, 1915, and was 
 reduced to 50,000 a year from that date onwards. In the same year Municipal Councils 
 were empowered to construct and maintain sheep dips, and to contribute towards public, 
 agricultural, and technical schools. 
 
 In 1914 the 1903 Act was further amended, and power was given to the Governor, 
 in the event of a Borough not containing rateable property capable of yielding 300 
 
32 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 upon a rate of one shilling in the pound of annual value, or in the event of a Shire not 
 raising 1,500 in general and extra rates, to either unite such Borough or Shire to an 
 adjoining Municipality or sever a portion and annex it to another Municipal District. 
 Further amendments were (a) that females were now made eligible as Councillors ; 
 
 (b) that a recount by a Police Magistrate of votes cast at an election could be demanded ; 
 
 (c) that a Council could carry out any of the purposes provided for in a Water Act, could 
 prohibit noises in streets, could regulate advertisements in public places, and could 
 reclaim or improve insanitary or low-lying areas. 
 
 11. Country Roads Act 1912. Under this Act the Country Roads Board was 
 constituted, consisting of three members appointed by the Governor. The principal 
 duties of this Board are to determine main roads, to see that Municipal Councils carry out 
 permanent works satisfactorily, or carry them out itself if the Governor orders. AH 
 main roads are to be maintained by Councils. The total cost of making permanent 
 works and of the maintenance of main roads is in the first instance paid by the Govern- 
 ment from loan funds, and a portion varying from one-half to two-thirds of this 
 expenditure is repaid by the Municipalities benefited. The revenue of the Country 
 Roads Board is derived from moneys paid by Municipalities and by Government, fees 
 
 , and fines under the Motor Car Act, registration fees for traction engines, moneys standing 
 to the credit of the Municipal Fees and Fines Trust Fund, and all fees received 'by the 
 Crown under the Unused Roads and Water Frontages Act 1903 (incorporated in the Local 
 Government Act 1915). 
 
 12. Rating on Unimproved Values Act 1914. Under this Act a Council is enabled 
 to levy rates on the unimproved capital value instead of on the annual improved value 
 of land, the valuation under the Land Tax Act 1910 being adopted. A Council may 
 adopt the provisions of the Act, but, if required, the consent of the ratepayers must be 
 obtained by poll. This measure does not come into operation until proclaimed, which 
 proclamation may be made when the valuations of lands made by assessors under the 
 Land Tax Act 1910 are available for adoption. 
 
 13. Woikers' Dwellings Act 1914. Under this Act Municipal Councils are authorized 
 to purchase land and erect dwellings for leasing to workers who are not in receipt of over 
 200 a year. 
 
 14. Local Government Act 1915. This Act consolidates the previous Acts and 
 amendments, a slight amendment, allowing Municipal Councils to regulate street hawking,, 
 being made in the same year. The provisions of the Workers' 1 Dwellings Act 1914 were 
 incorporated in this Act. The following are particulars of the chief provisions of the 
 Act : 
 
 (i) Constitution of Municipalities. Provision is made for the continuation of 
 Municipalities incorporated under previous Acts, and for the constitution of new 
 Municipalities. 
 
 (a) Shires. Any part of the State containing rateable property capable of yielding 
 1,500 upon a rate not exceeding one shilling in the pound of annual value may be 
 constituted a Shire upon petition of at least 50 inhabitants. 
 
 (b) Boroughs. Any part of the State, not exceeding in area 9 square miles, and 
 having no point distant more than 6 miles from any other point, which contains not 
 less than 500 resident householders, and which has rateable property capable of yielding 
 300 upon a rate not exceeding one shilling in the pound of annual value, may be 
 constituted a Borough upon petition of 250 of such householders. Any Borough having 
 during the preceding financial year a revenue of 10,000 may be declared a Town, or if 
 such revenue reaches 20,000 a City, upon petition under the common seal of the 
 Borough. Provision is also made for severing any part of a Municipality and annexing 
 it to an adjoining Municipality, for dividing Boroughs into Wards, and Shires into 
 Ridings not exceeding eight, and for uniting two or more Boroughs which form one 
 continuous area so as to constitute one Borough. 
 
 (c) Townships. -'Upon petition signed by not less than 25 ratepayers resident in 
 any portion not exceeding 3 square miles in extent of any Shire and distant more than 
 10 miles from the boundaries of the City of Melbourne, the Governor may, with the 
 consent of the Municipal Council, proclaim such portion a Township. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 33 
 
 (d) Dissolution of Boroughs and Shires. If it appears that any Borough does not 
 contain rateable property capable of yielding 300 upon a rate not exceeding one shilling 
 in the pound of annual value, or that* the general and extra rates levied in a Shire 
 during the preceding year did not yield a sum of 1,500, the Governor may either unite 
 such Borough or Shire with any other adjoining Municipality, or sever portions and 
 annex the same to any adjoining Municipal District. 
 
 (ii) Qualifications of Councillors. In the case of existing Municipalities, the Council 
 consists of the number of members assigned to it when the Act was passed, but, when 
 the number of members is determined by the Act, such number, in cases where the 
 Municipal District is not subdivided, is some multiple of three, not less than six, nor more 
 than 24. In subdivided Districts three Councillors are allotted to each subdivision. 
 Every person of either sex liable to be rated in respect of property in the Municipal 
 District of the rateable value of 20 at the least is qualified to hold the office of Councillor, 
 with the exception of (a) undischarged bankrupts or insolvents, (b) persons attainted of 
 treason or convicted of felony or perjury or any infamous crime, (c) persons of unsound 
 mind, and (d) persons holding an office of profit under the Council or participating 
 directly or indirectly in a contract with the Council. Provision is made for the retirement 
 of one-third of the Councillors annually in rotation, and for the annual election by the 
 Council of the Chairman, who is styled the Mayor of a Borough or the President of a 
 Shire. 
 
 (iii) Qualifications of Electors, &c. Every person who on the tenth of June in any 
 year (a) is of the full age of 21 years, (b) is liable to be rated in respect of any property 
 within any Municipal District, and (c) has duly paid all sums payable in respect of any 
 rates made three months or more before such day is entitled to be enrolled as a Voter if 
 the property has an annual rateable value of not less than 5, or, whatever its value, if he 
 resides in a house thereon. No " immigrant " within the meaning of the Chinese Act 
 1915 is entitled to be enrolled unless he is a naturalized or natural-born subject. Plurality 
 of votes is allowed on the scale shown in the following statement : 
 
 VICTORIA. PROPERTY QUALIFICATIONS FOR ENROLMENT AS MUNICIPAL 
 
 VOTER. 
 
 Number 
 of Votes. 
 
 Annual Rateable Value of Property. 
 
 Boroughs (including Cities and Towns). 
 
 Shires. 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 Under 50 
 50 and under 100 
 100 and upwards 
 
 Under 25 
 25 and under 75 
 75 and upwards 
 
 In a subdivided Municipal District a ratepayer is entitled to the number of votes 
 corresponding to the annual value of his property in each subdivision. The occupier and 
 owner of any rateable property may not both be enrolled in respect thereof, the former 
 having the right to be enrolled in place of the latter. Corporations liable to be rated 
 may appoint any person to be enrolled in their place. Joint occupiers and owners, not 
 exceeding three, are each entitled to be enrolled, and in case more than three persons are 
 rated in respect of any property, those whose names stand first in order upon the rate 
 last made, or upon the last valuation if no rate has been made, are so entitled. 
 
 Voters' lists are prepared annually by collectors appointed for the purpose ; and 
 provision is made for the revision of the lists, for the time and place of holding elections, 
 for the nomination of candidates, for voting by post, for the appointment and qualifications 
 of officers, and for the meetings and proceedings of Councils. 
 
 (iv) Powers and Functions of Councils. Municipal Councils are empowered to make 
 
 by-laws for a great number and variety of purposes, of which the most important are as 
 
 follows : (a) The control and regulation of roads and streets, buildings, wharves, and 
 
 public places ; (b) the regulation of nuisances and traffic , (c) the supply and distribution 
 
 C. 7099. 2 
 
34 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 of water from waterworks under the management of the Council ; (d) sewerage ; (e) 
 drainage ; (/) lighting ; (g) public reserves ; (h) quarrying ; (i) advertisements ; (j) cattle 
 driving ; (k) street noises : (I) cabmen's shelters ; (m) privies ; (n) hawking within the 
 Municipality ; (o) the destruction of vermin ; and (p) for maintaining generally the good 
 rule and government of the Municipality. In addition, a Council may, with the consent 
 of the Governor, make by-laws regulating (a) the erection of buildings or fences 
 within 10 feet of a road ; (6) the removal of same ; (c) the exhibition of advertise- 
 ments ; (d) the construction of buildings ; and (e) the erection of hoardings. Councils 
 are authorized to undertake the supply of light, heat, or motive power for public or private 
 purposes ; may construct and maintain tanks, dams, and reservoirs ; and may provide 
 public baths and washhouses, markets, pounds, abattoirs, sheep dips, and places of 
 recreation. They have also the power to register dancing saloons, to establish and aid 
 charitable institutions, and to regulate noxious trades. All public sewers and drains within 
 any Municipal District are vested in the Council, except those vested in any other 
 Municipality or in the Board of Land and Works or in the Melbourne and Metropolitan 
 Board of Works. One of the principal "functions of the Councils is to construct and 
 maintain public highways, streets, bridges, ferries, and jetties within their respective 
 boundaries. Further, a Council may acquire land, erect dwellings, and lease them to 
 workers, and it is also a Local Authority for the purposes of the Health Act. 
 
 (v) Rateable Property and Method of Valuation. All land, including buildings and 
 improvements thereon, within a Municipality is rateable property, except the following : 
 (a) Crown lands unoccupied or used for public purposes ; (b) land used exclusively for 
 commons, mines, public worship, mechanics' institutes, public libraries, cemeteries, free 
 primary schools, technical schools subsidized by Government, or charitable purposes ; 
 (c) lands dedicated as sites for agricultural colleges or experimental farms ; (d) land vested 
 in, in the occupation of, held in trust for, or under the management and control of any 
 Municipality or any authority under the Water Act 1915 ; (e) land vested in fee in the 
 Victorian Railways Commissioners, the Minister of Public Instruction, the Board of 
 Land and Works, the Commissioners of the Melbourne Harbour Trust, the Melbourne and 
 Metropolitan Board of Works, the Commissioners of the Geelong Harbour Trust and the 
 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust. The rateable value of property is its net annual 
 value, that is to say, it is the rent at which the property might reasonably be expected 
 to let from year to year, free of all usual tenants' rates, taxes, insurance, and maintenance. 
 In no case, however, must the annual value be less than 5 per cent, of the fair capital 
 value of the fee simple of the property. A Council may, however, with the consent of 
 the ratepayers at a poll to be held, if demanded, levy rates on the basis of the unimproved 
 capital value of the land, and adopt the valuation made by the assessors under the Land 
 Tax Act 1915. 
 
 (vi) Rates. Municipal Councils are empowered to levy rates, which, together with 
 grants and subsidies received from the Government, licence fees, market dues, rents, 
 tolls, and sanitary charges, form their chief sources of income. The rates which may be 
 levied are of three kinds, namely general, extra, and separate rates. 
 
 (a) General Rates. These are levied at least once in every year, equally in respect 
 .of all rateable property, and must not exceed two shillings and sixpence nor be less than 
 sixpence in the pound of the net annual value. The rate must be levied on the occupier 
 of the property rated, or, if there is no occupier, or if the occupier is the Crown or the 
 Minister of Public Instruction or a public or local body, then upon the owner. 
 
 (6) Extra Rates. In any Municipal District which is subdivided extra rates may be 
 levied equally in respect of all the rateable property within any one or more of the 
 subdivisions, but only on requisition by not less than two-thirds of the Councillors returned 
 by such subdivision. The amount of general and extra rates levied in any year must 
 not exceed two shillings and sixpence in the pound of the net annual value. 
 
 (c) Separate Rates. These may be levied where it appears to the Council that any 
 works or undertakings authorized by the Act are for the special benefit of any particular 
 portion of the Municipal District. They may be made, however, only upon petition 
 signed by a majority of the occupiers and by at least one-third of the owners, 
 such owners being the owners of property in respect of which more than one-third of the 
 total amount to be levied for the first year on account of such rate will be payable. Such 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 35 
 
 a rate must be confirmed by the Governor. Separate rates may be levied equally on all 
 properties affected or may be differential, according to the benefits to be received by 
 different properties. The amount of the rate must be such as will suffice to provide for 
 the payment of interest and periodical repayments of, or sinking fund for the money 
 borrowed on the security of the rate. 
 
 (vii) Borrowing Powers. The Council of every Municipality may borrow money upon 
 the credit of the Municipality by the sale of debentures, either for the purpose of 
 liquidating previous loans or of carrying out specified permanent works or undertakings, 
 such as (a) the construction, alteration, or enlargement of streets, roads, bridges, ferries, 
 jetties, sewers, and drains ; (6) the construction or purchase of waterworks, electric 
 light works, gasworks, municipal offices, pounds, abattoirs, sheep dips, markets, workers' 
 dwellings, baths, washhouses, pleasure grounds, libraries, museums, and places of public 
 resort and recreation ; (c) the establishment of hospitals, asylums, and buildings for 
 charitable purposes ; (d) the construction or purchase of machinery and plant for the 
 treat ment of refuse, for quarrying, and for the treatment of night-soil ; (e) the reclamation 
 of low-lying or insanitary areas ; and (/) the purchase of land or any easement, term, 
 right, or privilege in, over, or affecting land. The total indebtedness for loans for 
 permanent works or undertakings must not exceed ten times the average income of the 
 Municipality for the last three years from general rates, but any excess of general rates 
 over one shilling and sixpence in the pound is not to be taken into account. The 
 principal moneys secured by debentures must be paid within 40 years from the date of 
 borrowing. In addition to the above borrowing powers, a Council may borrow money 
 for permanent works or undertakings on the security of the whole or any part of its income, 
 but not upon the credit of the Municipality, by the issue of debentures or mortgage, such 
 income not to include moneys derived from general, separate, or extra rates, or from 
 endowment. The amount so borrowed must not exceed five times the average income of 
 the Municipality for the previous, three years, and must be repaid within a period of 
 30 years. 
 
 Where a Council is empowered to execute any work at the qost of the owners or to 
 require such owners to do so, a special improvement charge may be made on the properties 
 affected, on the security of which money may be borrowed for the carrying out of such 
 work. 
 
 The question as to whether any loan for the purpose of permanent works shall be 
 incurred must be submitted to a poll of the ratepayers upon demand signed by any 
 twenty persons whose names are inscribed in the municipal roll. A Council may also obtain 
 advances from banks by overdraft, but such overdraft must not exceed one-half the 
 prior year's revenue. 
 
 (viii) Endowment The distribution of Government endowment amongst Boroughs 
 and Shires is based on the amount of general and extra rates received during the twelve 
 months ending on the preceding 30th September, according to the following scale, no 
 endowment being payable to Cities or Towns : 
 
 VICTORIA. ENDOWMENT OF BOROUGHS AND SHIRES, 1916-17. 
 
 To every Borough or first class Shire . . . . 3s. in the pound. 
 
 To every second class Shire . . . . 5s. 
 
 To every third class Shire. . .. .. 6s. 
 
 To every fourth class Shire . . . . 8s. 
 
 To every fifth class Shire . . . . . . , . . 10s. 
 
 To every sixth class Shire. . . . , . . . . 12s. ., 
 
 Since the 30th June, 1915, the annual amount provided as endowment has been 
 reduced to 50,000. 
 
 1"). Municipal Rates Recovery Act 19 16. Under this Act a Council may sell land 
 on which no rates have been paid for ten years, and which has been unoccupied for more 
 than five years. Before selling, notice must be given by registered post to any person 
 appearing to own or to have an interest in the land, and posted up on the ground and at the 
 office of the Council. If the address of the owner is unknown, notice of intention to sell 
 must be advertised once in a newspaper circulating in the neighbourhood of the land 
 and once in a Melbourne newspaper. 
 
 2 ^ 
 
36 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 16. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following tables shew separately for Cities, 
 Towns, and Boroughs (exclusive of Melbourne and Geelong), and for Road Districts and 
 Shires (a) their areas, estimated populations, numbers of ratepayers, estimated numbers 
 of dwellings, and the total and annual values of properties therein for the years 1856 to 
 1918 ; and (6) their revenue and expenditure for the years 1857 to 1917 ; and (c) their 
 assets, liabilities, and outstanding loans for the years 1868 to 1917. 
 
 The revenue and expenditure of Municipalities on local waterworks prior to 1895 are 
 not included in the figures given, and revenue from loans previous to that date is also 
 not included. 
 
 Prior to 1874 outstanding loans were not in all cases included under the heading of 
 liabilities, while frequently the value of halls and other buildings belonging to Munici- 
 palities were not included under the heading of assets. 
 
 VICTORIA. CITIES, TOWNS, AND BOROUGHS (EXCLUSIVE OF MELBOURNE AND 
 GEELONG.) AREA, POPULATION, DWELLINGS, VALUE, ETC., 1856 TO 1918. 
 
 Year 
 ending 
 30th 
 September. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 boroughs. 
 
 Area. 
 
 Estimated 
 'opulation. 
 
 Slumber of 
 Ratepayers. 
 
 Estimated 
 Number of 
 Dwellings. 
 
 Total Value 
 of Property. 
 
 Annual Value 
 of Property. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1856 . . 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 550,088 
 
 1857 . . 
 
 17 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,422,182 
 
 1858 . . 
 
 27 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 
 1,413,303 
 
 1859 . . 
 
 35 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 1,563,124 
 
 1860 . . 
 
 38 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
 
 12,803,576 
 
 1,425,103 
 
 1861 . . 
 
 46 
 
 
 
 
 
 12,900,976 
 
 1,392,817 
 
 1862 . . 
 
 51 
 
 185,770 
 
 210,756 
 
 
 52,814 
 
 12,467,604 
 
 1,518,106 
 
 1863 . . 
 
 56 
 
 216,332 
 
 219,815 
 
 
 55,303 
 
 12,637,829 
 
 1,452,323 
 
 1864 . . 
 
 59 
 
 212,244 
 
 226,186 
 
 
 56,008 
 
 12,535,811 
 
 1,428,364 
 
 1865 . . 
 
 60 
 
 234,065 
 
 244,712 
 
 
 57,202 
 
 12,995,899 
 
 1,594,770 
 
 1866 . . 
 
 60 
 
 234,130 
 
 252,939 
 
 . 
 
 56,116 
 
 13,848,875 
 
 1,646,072 
 
 1867 .. 
 
 60 
 
 234,426 
 
 261,716 
 
 58,042 
 
 59,103 
 
 13,809,056 
 
 1,633,962 
 
 1868 . . 
 
 60 
 
 236,143 
 
 277,590 
 
 61,396 
 
 60,615 
 
 14,543,660 
 
 1,711,925 
 
 1869 . . 
 
 61 
 
 237,184 
 
 295,252 
 
 63,119 
 
 64,012 
 
 14,377,393 
 
 1,738,606 
 
 1870 . . 
 
 63 
 
 241,425 
 
 306,102 
 
 63,806 
 
 67,971 
 
 15,016,676 
 
 1,816,633 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 61 
 
 237,691 
 
 301,265 
 
 68,240 
 
 67,048 
 
 15,419,894 
 
 1,872,363 
 
 1872 . . 
 
 58 
 
 227,192 
 
 301,075 
 
 65,286 
 
 68,351 
 
 15,599,155 
 
 1,864,028 
 
 1873 . . 
 
 58 
 
 229,280 
 
 314,526 
 
 72,921 
 
 71,805 
 
 16,740,830 
 
 1,836,338 
 
 1874 . . 
 
 58 
 
 232,686 
 
 318,698 
 
 73,118 
 
 71,429 
 
 18,271,255 
 
 1,951,147 
 
 1875 . . 
 
 57 
 
 224,119 
 
 323,855 
 
 74,945 
 
 73,163 
 
 19,037,813 
 
 1,990,784 
 
 1876 . . 
 
 57 
 
 223,103 
 
 326,117 
 
 75,282 
 
 73,472 
 
 20,366,485 
 
 2,044,621 
 
 1877 . . 
 
 57 
 
 223,966 
 
 332,633 
 
 74,608 
 
 73,431 
 
 19,861,790 
 
 2,088,727 
 
 1878 . . 
 
 57 
 
 224,635 
 
 340,380 
 
 75,961 
 
 74,361 
 
 21,723,701 
 
 2,125,309 
 
 1879 . . 
 
 55 
 
 214,605 
 
 343,284 
 
 78,640 
 
 75,017 
 
 20,111,305 
 
 2,134,223 
 
 1880 . . 
 
 55 
 
 214,706 
 
 358,905 
 
 78,435 
 
 74,165 
 
 21,029,062 
 
 2,117,907 
 
 1881 . . 
 
 55 
 
 210,784 
 
 364,351 
 
 80,989 
 
 77,577 
 
 22,014,854 
 
 2,177,144 
 
 1882 . . 
 
 56 
 
 209,354 
 
 368,508 
 
 78,984 
 
 79,342 
 
 23,865,883 
 
 2,294.690 
 
 1883 . . 
 
 58 
 
 217,964 
 
 381,398 
 
 92,557 
 
 81,203 
 
 26,321,771 
 
 2,467,921 
 
 1884 . . 
 
 58 
 
 217,964 
 
 396,901 
 
 98,430 
 
 86,024 
 
 29,851,034 
 
 2,706,435 
 
 1885 . . 
 
 58 
 
 217,964 
 
 415,615 
 
 102,512 
 
 90,592 
 
 34,483,620 
 
 3,013,186 
 
 1886 . . 
 
 57 
 
 212,844 
 
 435,546 
 
 109,893 
 
 95,833 
 
 40,480,572 
 
 3,482,409 
 
 1887 . . 
 
 57 
 
 213,004 
 
 450,378 
 
 120,826 
 
 99,732 
 
 46,883,877 
 
 3,713,854 
 
 1888 . . 
 
 57 
 
 213,004 
 
 486,074 
 
 132,599 
 
 105,963 
 
 59,959,350 
 
 4,602,011 
 
 1889 . . 
 
 57 
 
 213,004 
 
 502,668 
 
 111,998 
 
 109,468 
 
 67,171,838 
 
 4,855,663 
 
 1890 . . 
 
 57 
 
 215,182 
 
 534,554 
 
 120,604 
 
 115,011 
 
 67,246,236 
 
 4,934,970 
 
 1891 . . 
 
 58 
 
 215,182 
 
 535,296 
 
 120,357 
 
 117,582 
 
 71,213,290 
 
 5,134,990 
 
 1892 . . 
 
 57 
 
 212,196 
 
 521,343 
 
 124,657 
 
 120,969 
 
 67,387,360 
 
 4,930,894 
 
 1893 . . 
 
 57 
 
 212,217 
 
 503,637 
 
 120,586 
 
 122,382 
 
 59,648,640 
 
 4,307,827 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 37 
 
 VICTORIA. CITIES, TOWNS, AND BOROUGHS (EXCLUSIVE OF MELBOURNE 
 AND GEELONG). AREA, POPULATION, ETC., 1856 TO 1918 continued. 
 
 Year 
 ending 
 30th 
 September. 
 
 .Number 
 Of 
 
 Boroughs. 
 
 .Viva. 
 
 Estimated 
 Population. 
 
 Number of 
 Ratepayers. 
 
 Estimated 
 .Number of 
 Dwellings. 
 
 Total Value 
 of Property. 
 
 Annual Value 
 of Property. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1894 . . 
 
 56 
 
 208,541 
 
 497,131 
 
 129,887 
 
 125,139 
 
 52,845,491 
 
 3,783,745 
 
 1895 . . 
 
 56 
 
 208,541 
 
 504,015 
 
 112,390 
 
 122,298 
 
 49,809,430 
 
 3,404,259 
 
 1896 . . 
 
 56 
 
 208,544 
 
 499,162 
 
 119,825 
 
 124,406 
 
 49,324,860 
 
 3,251,573 
 
 1897 . . 
 
 56 
 
 208,544 
 
 502,059 
 
 126,62r 
 
 120,341 
 
 52,140,024 
 
 3,246,995 
 
 1898 . . 
 
 56 
 
 208,544 
 
 505,589 
 
 130,567 
 
 122,029 
 
 51,723,649 
 
 3,196,586 
 
 1899 . . 
 
 56 
 
 208,544 
 
 514,008 
 
 135,145 
 
 120,759 
 
 52,072,097 
 
 3,201,087 
 
 1900 . . 
 
 56 
 
 208,544 
 
 519,892 
 
 131,132 
 
 120,489 
 
 52,088,030 
 
 3,255,517 
 
 1901 . . 
 
 56 
 
 208,544 
 
 546,445 
 
 131,235 
 
 115,150 
 
 52,283,723 
 
 3,351,291 
 
 1902 . . 
 
 58 
 
 218,624 
 
 566,605 
 
 135,079 
 
 119,257 
 
 61,660,823 
 
 3,749,658 
 
 1903 . . 
 
 58 
 
 218,624 
 
 571,478 
 
 132,411 
 
 122,797 
 
 62,689,871 
 
 3,838,017 
 
 1904 . . 
 
 58 
 
 218,624 
 
 571,305 
 
 135,864 
 
 123,856 
 
 63,97S,420 
 
 3,896,554 
 
 1905 . . 
 
 58 
 
 218,624 
 
 575,237 
 
 136,531 
 
 126,219 
 
 64,776,012 
 
 4,008,085 
 
 1906 . . 
 
 58 
 
 230,091 
 
 571,001 
 
 138,768 
 
 125,536 
 
 65,482,725 
 
 3,970,828 
 
 1907 . . 
 
 58 
 
 231,391 
 
 580,212 
 
 141,186 
 
 127,539 
 
 66,462,475 
 
 4,062,290 
 
 1908 . . 
 
 58 
 
 231,391 
 
 593,679 
 
 145,440 
 
 129,438 
 
 68,270,378 
 
 4,174,901 
 
 1909 . . 
 
 58 
 
 231,391 
 
 603,409 
 
 147,764 
 
 131,814 
 
 70,232,820 
 
 4,293,590 
 
 1910 . . 
 
 58 
 
 231,391 
 
 613,927 
 
 152,249 
 
 134,941 
 
 72,572,623 
 
 4,417,524 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 58 
 
 231,391 
 
 
 155,712 
 
 137,743 
 
 76,188,567 
 
 4,612,282 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 59 
 
 244,549 
 
 624,859 
 
 162,109 
 
 . . 
 
 80,591,133 
 
 4,864,209 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 59 
 
 244,569 
 
 657,316 
 
 168,999 
 
 137,183 
 
 87,852,161 
 
 5,276,405 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 59 
 
 244,569 
 
 680,979 
 
 170,707 
 
 152,009 
 
 93,529,159 
 
 5,584,601 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 59 
 
 244,569 
 
 701,858 
 
 176,494 
 
 158,973 
 
 101,901,944 
 
 5,952,874 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 50 
 
 202,852 
 
 700,300 
 
 176,321 
 
 160,194 
 
 102,886,577 
 
 6,018,125 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 49 
 
 197,092 
 
 706,805 
 
 180,219 
 
 162,088 
 
 106,458,411 
 
 6,204,944 
 
 1918 .. 
 
 50 
 
 
 723,210 
 
 185,419 
 
 
 110,380,883 
 
 6,492,455 
 
 VICTORIA. ROAD DISTRICTS AND SHIRES. AREA, RATEPAYERS, DWELLINGS, 
 AND VALUE OF PROPERTY, 1857 TO 1918. 
 
 
 Number of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Year ending 
 30th 
 September. 
 
 Districts or Shires. 
 
 Area. 
 
 Estimated 
 Popula- 
 tion. 
 
 Number of 
 Rate- 
 payers. 
 
 Estimated 
 Number of 
 Dwellings. 
 
 Total Value 
 of 
 Property. 
 
 Annual 
 Value. 
 
 
 
 
 Road 
 Boards. 
 
 Shires. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Xo. 
 
 Xo. 
 
 Sq. miles. 
 
 Xo. 
 
 Xo. 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1857 . . 
 
 16 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 e 
 
 
 
 587,819 
 
 1858 . . 
 
 24 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 800,826 
 
 1859 . . 
 
 30 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 9,960,578 
 
 739,124 
 
 1860 . . 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8,817,292 
 
 821,901 
 
 1861 .. 
 
 60 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 12,764,286 
 
 1,311,102 
 
 1862 . . 
 
 84 
 
 
 42,131 
 
 226,785 
 
 . . 
 
 40,990 
 
 * 
 
 * 
 
 1863 . . 
 
 98 
 
 8 
 
 48,905 
 
 270,487 
 
 
 52,878 
 
 17,092,176 
 
 1,721,839 
 
 1864 . . 
 
 65 
 
 34 
 
 50,496 
 
 284,639 
 
 
 58,683 
 
 17,920,334 
 
 1,889,828 
 
 * The total and annual values for the year 1862 do not apply, as in other years, to all the rateable 
 property in the district, but only to messuages, tenements, and dwelling houses, and are therefore 
 omitted. 
 
38 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 VICTORIA. ROAD DISTRICTS AND SHIRES. AREA, RATEPAYERS, 
 DWELLINGS, AND VALUE OF PROPERTY, 1857 TO 1918 continued. 
 
 Year ending 
 30th 
 September. 
 
 Number of 
 Districts or Shires. 
 
 Area 
 
 Estimated 
 Popula- 
 tion. 
 
 Number of 
 Rate- 
 payers. 
 
 Estimated 
 dumber of 
 Dwellings. 
 
 Total Value 
 of 
 Property. 
 
 Annual 
 Value. 
 
 Road 
 Boards. 
 
 Shires. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 q. miles. 
 
 No. 
 
 No, 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1865 .. 
 
 53 
 
 45 
 
 60,340 
 
 291,560 
 
 
 58,309 
 
 21,519,740 
 
 2,221,760 
 
 1866 . . 
 
 48 
 
 50 
 
 60,414 
 
 301,358 
 
 
 60,328 
 
 20,843,956 
 
 2,210,203 
 
 1867 . . 
 
 48 
 
 51 
 
 63,854 
 
 306,975 
 
 58,996 
 
 62,613 
 
 22,328,847 
 
 2,386,592 
 
 1868 . . 
 
 47 
 
 54 
 
 67,899 
 
 318,034 
 
 61,061 
 
 63,472 
 
 23,404,948 
 
 2,513,830 
 
 1869 . . 
 
 52 
 
 56 
 
 73,243 
 
 356,028 
 
 64,008 
 
 69,138 
 
 25,798,077 
 
 2,715,870 
 
 1870 . . 
 
 52 
 
 56 
 
 72,596 
 
 341,326 
 
 65,931 
 
 74,928 
 
 25,515,524 
 
 2,666,555 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 19 
 
 89 
 
 72,889 
 
 346,064 
 
 71,341 
 
 74,530 
 
 28,522,982 
 
 2,760,272 
 
 1872 . . 
 
 16 
 
 94 
 
 73,872 
 
 363,406 
 
 76,043 
 
 77,686 
 
 30,727,329 
 
 2,731,468 
 
 1873 . . 
 
 15 
 
 95 
 
 73,872 
 
 374,995 
 
 79,728 
 
 81,258 
 
 32,409,868 
 
 2,872,761 
 
 1874 . . 
 
 12 
 
 98 
 
 73,872 
 
 387,023 
 
 83,524 
 
 84,243 
 
 34,695,418 
 
 3,133,995 
 
 1875 . . 
 
 
 108 
 
 74,601 
 
 387,473 
 
 88,014 
 
 87,254 
 
 39,468,968 
 
 3,548,932 
 
 1876 . . 
 
 
 110 
 
 75,136 
 
 411,735 
 
 89,407 
 
 89,373 
 
 45,577,734 
 
 3,649,874 
 
 1877 . . 
 
 
 111 
 
 81,981 
 
 421,667 
 
 89,873 
 
 90,861 
 
 48,282,719 
 
 3,745,305 
 
 1878 . . 
 
 
 112 
 
 82,809 
 
 428,993 
 
 93,204 
 
 91,230 
 
 52,545,666 
 
 3,889,276 
 
 1879 . . 
 
 
 115 
 
 79,001 
 
 441,383 
 
 98,128 
 
 95,184 
 
 51,891,236 
 
 3,983,169 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 117 
 
 79,041 
 
 420,348 
 
 98,967 
 
 90,782 
 
 52,647,936 
 
 3,982,998 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 
 117 
 
 81,839 
 
 438,091 
 
 100,493 
 
 94,202 
 
 55,333,665 
 
 3,968,751 
 
 1882 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 119 
 
 82,812 
 
 452,199 
 
 103,069 
 
 94,619 
 
 57,233,194 
 
 4,069,775 
 
 1883 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 119 
 
 82,858 
 
 449,506 
 
 106,659 
 
 95,197 
 
 58,255,588 
 
 4,121,425 
 
 1884 . . 
 
 
 120 
 
 82,858 
 
 455,505 
 
 110,367 
 
 96,581 
 
 62,534,168 
 
 4,251,316 
 
 1885 . . 
 
 
 123 
 
 85,088 
 
 463,031 
 
 115,189 
 
 99,165 
 
 66,938,970 
 
 4,494,206 
 
 1S86 . . 
 
 
 125 
 
 86,046 
 
 471,530 
 
 122,316 
 
 101,730 
 
 71,973,156 
 
 4,796,224 
 
 1887 . . 
 
 
 126 
 
 86,276 
 
 484,035 
 
 127,230 
 
 104,807 
 
 76,938,174 
 
 5,033,542 
 
 1888 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 128 
 
 86,424 
 
 501,746 
 
 135,8^8 
 
 109,049 
 
 90,433,970 
 
 5,612,273 
 
 1889 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 130 
 
 86,860 
 
 506,965 
 
 129,666 
 
 109,485 
 
 102,346,953 
 
 6,271,791 
 
 1890 . . 
 
 
 133 
 
 86,728 
 
 515,185 
 
 135,908 
 
 110,953 
 
 108,086,680 
 
 6,432,500 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 
 137 
 
 86,728 
 
 523,699 
 
 138,919 
 
 112,447 
 
 112,075,270 
 
 6,592,500 
 
 1892 . . 
 
 
 139 
 
 86,821 
 
 537,127 
 
 141,470 
 
 117,238 
 
 109,228,220 
 
 6,599,960 
 
 1893 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 142 
 
 86,821 
 
 548,207 
 
 141,613 
 
 118,342 
 
 109,855,080 
 
 6,476,010 
 
 1894 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 145 
 
 86,827 
 
 553,760 
 
 151,746 
 
 121,465 
 
 104,561,836 
 
 6,149,987 
 
 1895 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 149 
 
 86,827 
 
 560,600 
 
 152,137 
 
 124,667 
 
 101,497,200 
 
 5,741,200 
 
 1896 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 150 
 
 87,002 
 
 555,251 
 
 151,732 
 
 123 302 
 
 102,801,400 
 
 5,603,000 
 
 1897 . . 
 
 
 150 
 
 86,827 
 
 560,614 
 
 155,499 
 
 122,047 
 
 102,998,270 
 
 5,576,190 
 
 1898 . . 
 
 
 150 
 
 86,827 
 
 560,616 
 
 157,354 
 
 120,912 
 
 102,019,767 
 
 5,556,965 
 
 1899 . . 
 
 
 150 
 
 86,982 
 
 567,6 5 
 
 159,487 
 
 122,618 
 
 101,473,386 
 
 5,528,909 
 
 1900 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 150 
 
 86,982 
 
 577,660 
 
 154,662 
 
 123,428 
 
 102,798,300 
 
 5,613,300 
 
 1901 . . 
 
 
 150 
 
 86,982 
 
 571,683 
 
 159,128 
 
 122,645 
 
 106,839,331 
 
 5,771,865 
 
 19)2 .. 
 
 
 148 
 
 86,960 
 
 051,523 
 
 147,671 
 
 118,f>38 
 
 107, 81 :V><)<) 
 
 5,6(1 ',805 
 
 1903 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 148 
 
 86,947 
 
 557,285 
 
 150,724 
 
 118,996 
 
 111,803,468 
 
 5,880,386 
 
 1904 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 148 
 
 86,947 
 
 556,350 
 
 152,204 
 
 121,643 
 
 115,766,850 
 
 6,071,353 
 
 1905 . . 
 
 
 148 
 
 86,947 
 
 552,414 
 
 153,908 
 
 121,335 
 
 116,336,442 
 
 6,244,799 
 
 1906. .. 
 
 
 146 
 
 86,858 
 
 541,242 
 
 149,350 
 
 118,339 
 
 117,260,958 
 
 6,130,718 
 
 1907 . . 
 
 
 146 
 
 86,857 
 
 565,739 
 
 151,869 
 
 120,114 
 
 121,797,646 
 
 6,395,094 
 
 1908 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 146 
 
 86,857 
 
 573,715 
 
 152,973 
 
 121,465 
 
 129,059,488 
 
 6,694,209 
 
 1909 . . 
 
 
 146 
 
 86,856 
 
 581,866 
 
 155,492 
 
 124,045 
 
 136,538,811 
 
 7,043,511 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 
 146 
 
 86,856 
 
 588,156 
 
 159,410 
 
 124,739 
 
 143,142,655 
 
 7,332,397 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 . 
 
 146 
 
 86,856 
 
 568,494 
 
 163,916 
 
 126,951 
 
 150,970,220 
 
 7,716,815 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 
 146 
 
 86,836 
 
 568,494 
 
 168,229 
 
 125,879 
 
 155,677,624 
 
 7,969,963 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 
 147 
 
 86,836 
 
 583,909 
 
 173,271 
 
 125,879 
 
 160,628,933 
 
 8,152,473 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 
 147 
 
 88,957 
 
 600,431 
 
 175,637 
 
 137,187 
 
 164,268,467 
 
 8,255,505 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 
 147 
 
 88,657 
 
 608,8 ">8 
 
 1S1,480 
 
 138,462 
 
 167,405,523 
 
 8,517,938 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 
 141 
 
 88,722 
 
 617,587 
 
 184,374 
 
 141,893 
 
 169,724,979 
 
 8,606,509 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 
 139 
 
 88,731 
 
 619,696 
 
 187,894 
 
 142,511 
 
 172,309,539 
 
 8,732,116 
 
 1918 .. 
 
 
 139 
 
 
 613,380 
 
 186,551 
 
 
 172,558,872 
 
 8,735,794 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 39 
 
 VICTORIA. CITIES, TOWNS, AND BOROUGHS (EXCLUSIVE OF MELBOURNE AND 
 GEELONG). REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1857 TO 1917. 
 
 Year 
 ending 
 90th 
 
 Septem- 
 ber. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Kxpemliture. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1857 .. 
 
 
 
 
 119,871 
 
 
 
 
 108,259 
 
 1858 .. 
 
 
 121,795 
 
 67,492 
 
 189,287 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 187,094 
 
 1859 .. 
 
 
 107,348 
 
 87,352 
 
 194,700 
 
 
 
 
 213,556 
 
 1860 .. 
 
 
 108,060 
 
 98,943 
 
 207,003 
 
 
 
 
 208,026 
 
 1861 .. 
 
 
 84,072 
 
 106,882 
 
 190,954 
 
 
 
 
 177,118 
 
 1862 .. 
 
 
 67,760 
 
 108,338 
 
 176,098 
 
 
 
 
 207,279 
 
 1863 .. 
 
 
 54,264 
 
 116,741 
 
 171,005 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 176,522 
 
 1864 .. 
 
 
 56,402 
 
 184,601 
 
 241,003 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 218,889 
 
 1865 .. 
 
 81,375 
 
 24,455 
 
 110,206 
 
 216,036 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 250,432 
 
 1866 .. 
 
 87,570 
 
 27,069 
 
 113,431 
 
 228,070 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 228,626 
 
 1867 . . 
 
 90,700 
 
 28,109 
 
 136,750 
 
 255,559 
 
 . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 230,682 
 
 1868 . . 
 
 91,553 
 
 8,149 
 
 168,924 
 
 268,626 
 
 27,212 
 
 143,195 
 
 103,795 
 
 274,202 
 
 1869 . . 
 
 90,534 
 
 9,746 
 
 159,145 
 
 259,425 
 
 23,882 
 
 146,473 
 
 96,282 
 
 266.637 
 
 1870 .. 
 
 102,826 
 
 8,449 
 
 121,219 
 
 232,494 
 
 27,323 
 
 147,157 
 
 80,757 
 
 255,237 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 112,733 
 
 9,772 
 
 135,118 
 
 257,623 
 
 27,262 
 
 155,025 
 
 96,179 
 
 278,466 
 
 1872 .. 
 
 109,779 
 
 19,182 
 
 134,532 
 
 263,493 
 
 25,309 
 
 147,960 
 
 96,087 
 
 269,356 
 
 1873 .. 
 
 109,922 
 
 27,007 
 
 152,705 
 
 289,634 
 
 26,457 
 
 193,334 
 
 103,255 
 
 323,046 
 
 1874 .. 
 
 116,772 
 
 26,129 
 
 136,679 
 
 279,580 
 
 27,451 
 
 193,817 
 
 95,698 
 
 316,966 
 
 1875 .. 
 
 160,494 
 
 73,082 
 
 103,085 
 
 336,661 
 
 28,743 
 
 186,893 
 
 97,135 
 
 312,771 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 152,312 
 
 57,536 
 
 109,556 
 
 319,404 
 
 29,657 
 
 182,962 
 
 95,393 
 
 308,012 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 164,577 
 
 49,960 
 
 110,598 
 
 325,135 
 
 30,924 
 
 193,839 
 
 84,908 
 
 309,671 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 155,084 
 
 63,547 
 
 104,231 
 
 322,862 
 
 32,322 
 
 216,830 
 
 72,441 
 
 321,593 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 142,222 
 
 66,702 
 
 102,364 
 
 311,288 
 
 31,735 
 
 206,319 
 
 66,397 
 
 304,451 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 143,713 
 
 39,856 
 
 99,237 
 
 282,806 
 
 31,738 
 
 208,911 
 
 67,855 
 
 308,504 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 149,703 
 
 57,047 
 
 110,599 
 
 317,349 
 
 30,991 
 
 203,321 
 
 73,182 
 
 307,494 
 
 1882 . . 
 
 153,458 
 
 65,661 
 
 106,254 
 
 325,373 
 
 34,890 
 
 207,927 
 
 79,783 
 
 322,600 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 167,075 
 
 55,158 
 
 115,153 
 
 337,386 
 
 36,496 
 
 208,440 
 
 90,986 
 
 335,922 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 182,175 
 
 54,522 
 
 143,271 
 
 379,968 
 
 33,484 
 
 244,315 
 
 114,470 
 
 392,269 
 
 1885 . . 
 
 199,250 
 
 53,618 
 
 134,704 
 
 387,572 
 
 35,851 
 
 246,628 
 
 110,374 
 
 392,853 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 221,994 
 
 54,597 
 
 160,513 
 
 437,104 
 
 51,163 
 
 309,529 
 
 105,259 
 
 465,951 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 250,938 
 
 53,706 
 
 168,811 
 
 473,455 
 
 42,270 
 
 296,696 
 
 145,863 
 
 484,829 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 277,549 
 
 48,209 
 
 224,421 
 
 550,179 
 
 46,656 
 
 328,119 
 
 183,177 
 
 557,952 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 331,703 
 
 70,077 
 
 230,785 
 
 632,565 
 
 51,545 
 
 552,115 
 
 178,087 
 
 781,747 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 367,783 
 
 82,866 
 
 235,803 
 
 686,452 
 
 55,915 
 
 533,362 
 
 203,217 
 
 792,494 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 385,773 
 
 61,623 
 
 251,385 
 
 698,781 
 
 55,165 
 
 461,748 
 
 245,896 
 
 762,809 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 373,495 
 
 50,746 
 
 222,394 
 
 646,635 
 
 56,387 
 
 420,625 
 
 266,284 
 
 743,296 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 348,097 
 
 33,386 
 
 190,622 
 
 572,105 
 
 52,459 
 
 306,030 
 
 224,496 
 
 582,985 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 321,658 
 
 27,312 
 
 167,544 
 
 516,514 
 
 45,815 
 
 203,057 
 
 243,903 
 
 492,775 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 301,860 
 
 12,901 
 
 173,681 
 
 488,442 
 
 44,644 
 
 142,667 
 
 314,342 
 
 501,653 
 
 1896 . . 
 
 308,254 
 
 7,768 
 
 155,864 
 
 471,886 
 
 42,467 
 
 139,385 
 
 320,657 
 
 502,509 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 296,783 
 
 5,854 
 
 170,178 
 
 472,815 
 
 42,421 
 
 141,507 
 
 288,771 
 
 472,699 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 289,824 
 
 3,337 
 
 156,949 
 
 450,110 
 
 41,973 
 
 126,941 
 
 284,265 
 
 453,179 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 297,334 
 
 11,427 
 
 171,320 
 
 480,081 
 
 43,172 
 
 154,588 
 
 268,332 
 
 466,092 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 292,889 
 
 7,106 
 
 231,834 
 
 531,829 
 
 42,512 
 
 162,569 
 
 295,452 
 
 500,533 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 323,646 
 
 13,942 
 
 175,778 
 
 513,366 
 
 47,816 
 
 203,490 
 
 303,293 
 
 554,599 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 338,296 
 
 5,960 
 
 172,575 
 
 516,831 
 
 47,070 
 
 203,422 
 
 300,564 
 
 551,056 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 348,087 
 
 5,402 
 
 196,045 
 
 549,534 
 
 45,903 
 
 171,394 
 
 318,141 
 
 535,438 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 354,^65 
 
 4,855 
 
 180,692 
 
 540,412 
 
 47,813 
 
 173,383 
 
 323,763 
 
 544,959 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 354,531 
 
 4,782 
 
 205,886 
 
 565,199 
 
 47,014 
 
 211,860 
 
 315,731 
 
 574,605 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 359,762 
 
 7,977 
 
 176,360 
 
 544,099 
 
 49,860 
 
 212,173 
 
 297,252 
 
 559,285 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 375,392 
 
 7,959 
 
 291,517 
 
 674,868 
 
 51,844 
 
 231,975 
 
 345,119 
 
 628,938 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 386,282 
 
 13,044 
 
 196,971 
 
 596,297 
 
 52,539 
 
 280,417 
 
 339,917 
 
 672,873 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 401,r,:;i 
 
 14,673 
 
 212,412 
 
 628,616 
 
 52,921 
 
 274,750 
 
 341,326 
 
 668,997 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 418,109 
 
 11,923 
 
 262,159 
 
 692,191 
 
 53,432 
 
 280,109 
 
 344,450 
 
 677,991 
 
 liHl .. 
 
 444,885 
 
 7,896 
 
 280,399 
 
 733,180 
 
 55,435 
 
 304,511 
 
 383,585 
 
 743,531 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 478,187 
 
 10,292 
 
 444,738 
 
 933,217 
 
 59,969 
 
 392,500 
 
 460,518 
 
 912,987 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 529,217 
 
 8,914 
 
 . 444,598 
 
 982,729 
 
 63,853 
 
 421,304 
 
 522,849 
 
 1,008,006 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 563,994 
 
 9,892 
 
 468,164 
 
 1,042,050 
 
 65,091 
 
 470,170 
 
 507,336 
 
 1,042.597 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 602,181 
 
 11,517 
 
 495,386 
 
 1,109,084 
 
 68,172 
 
 531,586 
 
 543,237 
 
 1,142,995 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 618,480 
 
 7,107 
 
 432,578 
 
 1,058,165 
 
 69,034 
 
 512,919 
 
 572,838 
 
 1,154,791 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 639,095 
 
 4,639 
 
 945,044 
 
 1,588,778 
 
 68,508 
 
 449,353 
 
 533,327 
 
 1,051,188 
 
40 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 VICTORIA. ROAD DISTRICTS AND SHIRES. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1857 TO 1917. 
 
 Year 
 ending 
 30th 
 Septem- 
 ber. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Kates 
 and 
 Tolls. 
 
 .From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1857 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 58,113 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
 
 53,483 
 
 1858 .. 
 
 
 75,532 
 
 23,238 
 
 98,770 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
 
 91,300 
 
 1859 .. 
 
 
 87,592 
 
 31,029 
 
 118,621 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 115,257 
 
 1860 .. 
 
 
 89,132 
 
 33,338 
 
 122,470 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 125,852 
 
 1861 .. 
 
 
 104,149 
 
 41,980 
 
 146,129 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 131,092 
 
 1862 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 170,470 
 
 56,363 
 
 226,833 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 198,648 
 
 1863 .. 
 
 
 112,248 
 
 88,274 
 
 200,522 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 212,043 
 
 1864 .. 
 
 
 195,222 
 
 154,118 
 
 349,340 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . , 
 
 345,669 
 
 1865 .. 
 
 94,099 
 
 181,799 
 
 94,913 
 
 370,811 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 416,939 
 
 1866 .. 
 
 96,740 
 
 201,291 
 
 104,993 
 
 403,024 
 
 
 
 
 390,138 
 
 1867 .. 
 
 95,422 
 
 206,047 
 
 88,152 
 
 389,621 
 
 
 
 
 451,090 
 
 1868 .. 
 
 104,217 
 
 128,430 
 
 138,721 
 
 371,368 
 
 43,579 
 
 298,299 
 
 67,512 
 
 409,390 
 
 1869 .. 
 
 109,215 
 
 289,167 
 
 135,741 
 
 534,123 
 
 45,443 
 
 323,302 
 
 152,750 
 
 521,495 
 
 1870 .. 
 
 112,187 
 
 263,700 
 
 152,994 
 
 528,881 
 
 47,984 
 
 399,170 
 
 81,188 
 
 528,342 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 125,569 
 
 245,003 
 
 151,460 
 
 522,032 
 
 46,561 
 
 446,814 
 
 79,746 
 
 573,121 
 
 1872 .. 
 
 124,674 
 
 228,472 
 
 188,671 
 
 541,817 
 
 50,949 
 
 408,818 
 
 96,756 
 
 556,523 
 
 1873 .. 
 
 132,858 
 
 247,044 
 
 149,524 
 
 529,426 
 
 54,434 
 
 444,136 
 
 90,797 
 
 589,367 
 
 1874 .. 
 
 141,904 
 
 232,801 
 
 160,735 
 
 535,440 
 
 55,062 
 
 460,475 
 
 109,922 
 
 625,459 
 
 1875 .. 
 
 207,531 
 
 342,219 
 
 89,212 
 
 638,962 
 
 55,115 
 
 379,719 
 
 98,595 
 
 533,429 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 202,730 
 
 294,840 
 
 97,576 
 
 595,146 
 
 58,849 
 
 421,857 
 
 101,775 
 
 582,481 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 205,640 
 
 265,795 
 
 64,061 
 
 535,496 
 
 56,729 
 
 384,259 
 
 76,501 
 
 517,489 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 195,504 
 
 202,068 
 
 58,021 
 
 455,593 
 
 63,715 
 
 375,811 
 
 72,185 
 
 511,711 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 190,013 
 
 359,706 
 
 56,057 
 
 605,776 
 
 63,201 
 
 382,733 
 
 68,644 
 
 514,578 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 190,085 
 
 162,356 
 
 52,746 
 
 405,187 
 
 64,698 
 
 358,743 
 
 64,525 
 
 487,966 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 199,329 
 
 302,845 
 
 55,324 
 
 557,498 
 
 61,690 
 
 374,747 
 
 67,562 
 
 503,999 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 202,386 
 
 388,581 
 
 61,502 
 
 652,469 
 
 67,968 
 
 456,452 
 
 71,956 
 
 596,376 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 203,959 
 
 334,343 
 
 61,871 
 
 600,173 
 
 70,345 
 
 477,123 
 
 83,136 
 
 630,604 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 215,071 
 
 314,671 
 
 63,507 
 
 593,249 
 
 72,590 
 
 461,351 
 
 80,960 
 
 614,901 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 224,314 
 
 306,684 
 
 64,743 
 
 595,741 
 
 78,692 
 
 410,434 
 
 104,556 
 
 593,682 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 237,848 
 
 313,165 
 
 64,112 
 
 615,125 
 
 81,599 
 
 432,142 
 
 89,371 
 
 603,112 
 
 1887 . 
 
 249,364 
 
 312,849 
 
 66,155 
 
 628,368 
 
 82,085 
 
 429,580 
 
 125,710 
 
 637,375 
 
 1888 . 
 
 272,665 
 
 319,080 
 
 82,295 
 
 674,040 
 
 87,824 
 
 506,238 
 
 110,768 
 
 704,830 
 
 1889 . 
 
 297,520 
 
 360,208 
 
 96,341 
 
 754,069 
 
 94,77 
 
 556,842 
 
 127,010 
 
 778,624 
 
 1890 . 
 
 318,386 
 
 490,82 
 
 116,466 
 
 925^673 
 
 99,41 
 
 658,898 
 
 150,063 
 
 908,371 
 
 1891 . 
 
 331,674 
 
 449,442 
 
 135,488 
 
 916,604 
 
 100.88 
 
 715,192 
 
 157,427 
 
 973,506 
 
 1892 . 
 
 315,192 
 
 461,51 
 
 107,452 
 
 884,157 
 
 102,72 
 
 633,033 
 
 164,403 
 
 900,164 
 
 1893 . 
 
 313,069 
 
 234,73 
 
 96,131 
 
 643,932 
 
 102,71 
 
 538,020 
 
 168,184 
 
 808,920 
 
 1894 . 
 
 313,792 
 
 288,36 
 
 90,625 
 
 692,783 
 
 90,83 
 
 421,236 
 
 168,970 
 
 681,037 
 
 1895 . 
 
 305,473 
 
 140,59 
 
 101,278 
 
 547,342 
 
 84,61 
 
 273,001 
 
 150,026 
 
 507,646 
 
 1896 . 
 
 306,116 
 
 103,876 
 
 107,390 
 
 517,382 
 
 75,59 
 
 252,678 
 
 159,556 
 
 487,830 
 
 1897 . 
 
 300,990 
 
 89,678 
 
 91,133 
 
 481,801 
 
 74,89 
 
 296,079 
 
 139,330 
 
 510,302 
 
 1898 . 
 
 302,782 
 
 88,686 
 
 86,241 
 
 477,709 
 
 75,58 
 
 287,148 
 
 147,403 
 
 510,132 
 
 1899 . 
 
 308,367 
 
 154,080 
 
 97,383 
 
 559,830 
 
 76,44 
 
 295,629 
 
 150,411 
 
 522,482 
 
 1900 . 
 
 307,207 
 
 144,970 
 
 92,591 
 
 544,768 
 
 76,78 
 
 329,342 
 
 149,333 
 
 555,458 
 
 1901 . 
 
 299,494 
 
 161,714 
 
 101,001 
 
 562,209 
 
 75,56 
 
 373,533 
 
 139,969 
 
 589,066 
 
 1902 . 
 
 308,344 
 
 92,734 
 
 111,263 
 
 512,341 
 
 76,61 
 
 321,919 
 
 152,895 
 
 551,424 
 
 1903 . 
 
 317,928 
 
 92,927 
 
 133,328 
 
 544,183 
 
 72,64 
 
 252,116 
 
 171,335 
 
 496,095 
 
 1904 . 
 
 351,995 
 
 75,547 
 
 102,214 
 
 529,756 
 
 72,54 
 
 295,028 
 
 151,128 
 
 518,700 
 
 1905 . 
 
 342,231 
 
 85,79C 
 
 102,796 
 
 530,817 
 
 71,24 
 
 324,181 
 
 140,221 
 
 535,644 
 
 1906 . 
 
 356,306 
 
 87,01C 
 
 116,551 
 
 559,867 
 
 72,32 
 
 341,975 
 
 147,522 
 
 561,821 
 
 1907 . 
 
 381,963 
 
 109,24 
 
 128,992 
 
 620,204 
 
 75,89 
 
 411,737 
 
 138,386 
 
 626,019 
 
 1908 . 
 
 388,334 
 
 159,522 
 
 120,213 
 
 668,069 
 
 75,45 
 
 465,313 
 
 155,361 
 
 696,133 
 
 1909 . 
 
 418,496 
 
 160,82 
 
 145,416 
 
 724,741 
 
 84,56 
 
 466,614 
 
 171,852 
 
 723,035 
 
 1910 . 
 
 443,026 
 
 175,140 
 
 1 195,201 
 
 813,367 
 
 87,11 
 
 562,896 
 
 277,622 
 
 927,629 
 
 1911 . 
 
 468,862 
 
 149,15* 
 
 ! 189,830 
 
 807,850 
 
 90,52 
 
 559,451 
 
 206,580 
 
 856,551 
 
 1912 . 
 
 490,873 
 
 151, 12 
 
 252,540 
 
 894,542 
 
 93,18 
 
 609,366 
 
 240,750 
 
 943,303 
 
 1913 . 
 
 516,562 
 
 151,88( 
 
 ) 249,946 
 
 918,388 
 
 99,36 
 
 . 565,945 
 
 198,466 
 
 863,775 
 
 1914 . 
 
 531,335 
 
 134,32* 
 
 ; 676,016 
 
 1,341,679 
 
 102,17 
 
 605,970 
 
 427,534 
 
 1,135,678 
 
 1915 . 
 
 514,057 
 
 128,944 
 
 I 265,839 
 
 908,840 
 
 103,45 
 
 524,875 
 
 303,944 
 
 932,269 
 
 1916 . 
 
 563,854 
 
 64,41< 
 
 > 288,664 
 
 916,937 
 
 107,58 
 
 526,275 
 
 287,719 
 
 921.574 
 
 1917 . 
 
 587,662 
 
 - 63,64( 
 
 ) 247.938 
 
 899,240 
 
 108,97 
 
 478,483 
 
 271,680 
 
 859,137 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 VICTORIA. CITIES, TOWNS, AND BOROUGHS (EXCLUSIVE OF MELBOURNE AND 
 QEELONQ). ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1868 TO 1917. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1868.. 
 
 133,747 
 
 101,405 
 
 71,813 
 
 1893.. 
 
 1,389,325 
 
 1,954,150 
 
 1,762,671 
 
 1869.. 
 
 60,464 
 
 117,976 
 
 97,115 
 
 1894.. 
 
 1,347,710 
 
 1,931,107 
 
 1,867,339 
 
 1870.. 
 
 105,646 
 
 95,828 
 
 104,258 
 
 1895 . . 
 
 1,690,108 
 
 2,612,921 
 
 2,123,062 
 
 1871.. 
 
 114,447 
 
 105,043 
 
 108,922 
 
 1896.. 
 
 1,883,882 
 
 2,570,075 
 
 2,086,220 
 
 L872.. 
 
 134,098 
 
 210,514 
 
 121,494 
 
 1897.. 
 
 1,981,862 
 
 2,613,607 
 
 2,097,604 
 
 1873.. 
 
 198,964 
 
 306,311 
 
 184,579 
 
 1898.. 
 
 1,972,047 
 
 2,609,778 
 
 2,095,048 
 
 1874.. 
 
 196,083 
 
 361,748 
 
 188,241 
 
 1899.. 
 
 1,678,463 
 
 2,049,644 
 
 1,934,322 
 
 1875.. 
 
 209,326 
 
 384,895 
 
 242,916 
 
 1900.. 
 
 1,656,804 
 
 2,103,333 
 
 2,005,321 
 
 1876.. 
 
 201,861 
 
 304,916 
 
 239,997 
 
 1901.. 
 
 1,963,304 
 
 2,211,426 
 
 2,100,999 
 
 1877.. 
 
 237,784 
 
 312,691 
 
 237,380 
 
 1902.. 
 
 1,916,147 
 
 2,216,022 
 
 2,099,749 
 
 1878.. 
 
 307,160 
 
 382,916 
 
 307,706 
 
 1903.. 
 
 1,684,979 
 
 2,157,207 
 
 2,044,273 
 
 1879.. 
 
 215,423 
 
 292,140 
 
 280,153 
 
 1904.. 
 
 1,696,043 
 
 2,130,693 
 
 2,036,542 
 
 1880.. 
 
 267,359 
 
 368,798 
 
 304,739 
 
 1905.. 
 
 1,655,876 
 
 2,054,812 
 
 1,969,701 
 
 1881.. 
 
 278,884 
 
 387,828 
 
 302,875 
 
 1906.. 
 
 1,644,261 
 
 2,032,307 
 
 1,936,874 
 
 1882.. 
 
 300,785 
 
 416,907 
 
 335,525 
 
 1907.. 
 
 1,756,966 
 
 2,111,186 
 
 2,003,098 
 
 1883.. 
 
 367,443 
 
 481,354 
 
 374,058 
 
 1908.. 
 
 1,847,545 
 
 2,152,050 
 
 2,025,895 
 
 1884.. 
 
 409,628 
 
 552,329 
 
 475,922 
 
 1909.. 
 
 1,848,772 
 
 2,131,826 
 
 2,001,483 
 
 1885.. 
 
 533,484 
 
 692,142 
 
 596,371 
 
 1910.. 
 
 1,963,558 
 
 2,186,726 
 
 2,051,952 
 
 1886.. 
 
 626,152 
 
 796,885 
 
 705,225 
 
 1911.. 
 
 2,048,029 
 
 2,257,050 
 
 2,101,234 
 
 1887.. 
 
 689,890 
 
 1,032,469 
 
 906,183 
 
 1912.. 
 
 2,119,564 
 
 2,401,361 
 
 2,218,592 
 
 1888.. 
 
 1,029,010 
 
 1,398,058 
 
 1,193,763 
 
 1913.. 
 
 2,198,996 
 
 2,610,464 
 
 2,393,394 
 
 1889.. 
 
 1,227,930 
 
 1,569,617 
 
 1,363,662 
 
 1914.. 
 
 2,301,170 
 
 2,638,346 
 
 2,429,495 
 
 1890.. 
 
 1,278,324 
 
 1,708,644 
 
 1,506,907 
 
 1915.. 
 
 2,269,897 
 
 2,725,008 
 
 2,493,406 
 
 1891.. 
 
 1,322,090 
 
 1,804,583 
 
 1,650,181 
 
 1916.. 
 
 2,284,240 
 
 2,712,927 
 
 2,497,803 
 
 1892.. 
 
 1,442,176 
 
 1,987,671 
 
 1,780,325 
 
 1917.. 
 
 2,410,828 
 
 2,701,881 
 
 2,477,604 
 
 VICTORIA. ROAD DISTRICTS AND SHIRES. ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND 
 OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1868 TO 1917. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1868.. 
 
 180,733 
 
 207,434 
 
 3,500 
 
 1893.. 
 
 663,507 
 
 780,660 
 
 517,708 
 
 1869.. 
 
 153,078 
 
 149,025 
 
 5,800 
 
 1894.. 
 
 623,678 
 
 782,211 
 
 527,097 
 
 1870.. 
 
 174,126 
 
 153,130 
 
 
 1895.. 
 
 626,546 
 
 874,255 
 
 676,807 
 
 1871.. 
 
 180,839 
 
 181,620 
 
 10,751 
 
 1896.. 
 
 679,353 
 
 887,115 
 
 692,773 
 
 1872.. 
 
 174,690 
 
 194,781 
 
 21,782 
 
 1897.. 
 
 731,809 
 
 907,710 
 
 696,838 
 
 1873.. 
 
 172,874 
 
 272,639 
 
 36,124 
 
 1898.. 
 
 760,596 
 
 929,966 
 
 695,318 
 
 1874.. 
 
 177,221 
 
 337,569 
 
 29,208 
 
 1899.. 
 
 743,452 
 
 883,548 
 
 700,565 
 
 1875.. 
 
 180,535 
 
 280,304 
 
 129,614 
 
 1900.. 
 
 714,394 
 
 905,440 
 
 711,787 
 
 1876.. 
 
 152,871 
 
 256,028 
 
 170,101 
 
 1901.. 
 
 654,479 
 
 815,141 
 
 626,182 
 
 1877.. 
 
 169,608 
 
 244,163 
 
 164,293 
 
 1902.. 
 
 679,545 
 
 833,033 
 
 637,847 
 
 1878.. 
 
 219,808 
 
 257,380 
 
 157,540 
 
 1903.. 
 
 680,746 
 
 798,364 
 
 639,131 
 
 1879.. 
 
 187,298 
 
 243,383 
 
 142,187 
 
 1904.. 
 
 675,910 
 
 807,804 
 
 651,407 
 
 1880.. 
 
 275,270 
 
 287,112 
 
 129,286 
 
 1905.. 
 
 652,211 
 
 749,989 
 
 580,673 
 
 1881.. 
 
 283,776 
 
 263,752 
 
 118,718 
 
 1906.. 
 
 616,133 
 
 725,920 
 
 562,224 
 
 1882.. 
 
 239,072 
 
 272,298 
 
 112,886 
 
 1907.. 
 
 649,244 
 
 746,863 
 
 578,807 
 
 1883.. 
 
 236,710 
 
 274,192 
 
 119,625 
 
 1908.. 
 
 645,075 
 
 758,513 
 
 566,179 
 
 1884.. 
 
 209,314 
 
 287,336 
 
 131,191 
 
 1909.. 
 
 692,520 
 
 781,781 
 
 584,231 
 
 1885.. 
 
 220,963 
 
 308,285 
 
 159,832 
 
 1910.. 
 
 716,645 
 
 813,991 
 
 600,639 
 
 1886.. 
 
 249,385 
 
 285,674 
 
 160,934 
 
 1911.. 
 
 730,497 
 
 867,975 
 
 630,780 
 
 1887.. 
 
 253,389 
 
 323,699 
 
 197,069 
 
 1912.. 
 
 766,199 
 
 973,957 
 
 699,058 
 
 1888.. 
 
 319,731 
 
 411,931 
 
 274,564 
 
 1913.. 
 
 811,572 
 
 1,023,882 
 
 778,694 
 
 1889.. 
 
 401,935 
 
 468,459 
 
 307,945 
 
 1914.. 
 
 914,363 
 
 1,078,981 
 
 839,497 
 
 1890-. . 
 
 558,897 
 
 611,650 
 
 411,033 
 
 1915.. 
 
 996,206 
 
 1,137,249 
 
 894,304 
 
 1891.. 
 
 525,431 
 
 640,607 
 
 477,421 
 
 1916.. 
 
 1,017,988 
 
 1,185,762 
 
 933,457 
 
 1892.. 
 
 635,530 
 
 724,731 
 
 491,211 
 
 1917.. 
 
 994,581 
 
 1,187,388 
 
 938,623 
 
42 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 (B) City of Melbourne. 
 
 1. General Review. The Act incorporating Melbourne as a Town was passed on 
 the 12th August, 1842, and its provisions, with a few slight amendments, are still in 
 force. 
 
 2. Incorporation of the City of Melbourne Act 1842. Under this Act the boundaries 
 of the Town were fixed, and the Town subdivided into four Wards. A readjustment of 
 the boundaries was made in 1844. The first elections were made on the 1st December, 
 1842, an interim Council having been appointed by the Governor previous to that date. 
 The Council consists of a Mayor for the whole Town, with one Alderman and three 
 Councillors for each Ward. Two Assessors for each Ward and two Auditors for the whole 
 Town are elected annually. The Mayor is elected by the Councillors and Aldermen 
 from among their number, while the Councillors elect the Aldermen. The Mayor is 
 elected annually, while the Aldermen are elected for a period of six years, and the 
 Councillors for three years. The qualifications for Councillors, Assessors, and Auditors 
 are (a) the possession of real or personal estate to the value of 1,000; or (b) assessment 
 in respect of rateable property having an annual value of 50 ; no female is eligible. 
 The original qualifications of an elector were that he must be (a) a male occupying any 
 house or shop of an annual value of 25 ; and (b) a resident householder in the Town 
 or within 7 miles thereof. The annual value of 25 was, however, reduced to 20 in 
 1844, and to 10 in 1852. Each elector was under the original Act entitled to one vote, 
 but in 1863 this was altered so that every citizen assessed in respect of property having 
 an annual value of less than 100 has one vote; if such annual value amount to 100 
 and be less than 150, he has two votes, and if it amount to or exceed 150, he has three 
 votes. It was not until 1896 that females became eligible as electors. 
 
 Originally the police were appointed and paid by the Council, and a separate police 
 rate, not exceeding sixpence in the pound, was levied, but this system was suspended 
 from year to year from 1845 to 1851 and finally abolished. 
 
 On the 25th June, 1847, by Royal Letters Patent, the Town of Melbourne was 
 proclaimed to be a City, and an Act was passed to that effect in 1849. In the latter 
 year the Melbourne Building Act was passed. 
 
 In 1850 the Collingwood portion of Gipps Ward was severed therefrom and created 
 a new Ward, styled the Fitzroy Ward, but ten years later, in 1860, it became a separate 
 Municipality. 
 
 In 1902 the title of " Lord Mayor " was conferred on the Mayor of Melbourne. 
 
 In 1905 the Boroughs of Flemington and Kensington, and of North Melbourne, were 
 united to the City of Melbourne, so that at the present date the City comprises .eight 
 Wards, each represented by one Alderman, three Councillors, and two Assessors. 
 
 The duties and powers of the City Council are the same as those conferred on other 
 Municipalities. 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following tables are shewn particulars for the 
 City of Melbourne in respect of (a) area, estimated population, number of ratepayers, 
 estimated number of dwellings, total and annual values of property for the years 1856 
 to 1917 ; (b) revenue and expenditure for the years 1857 to 1917 ; and (c) assets, 
 liabilities, and outstanding loans for the years 1868 to 1917 : 
 
 VICTORIA. CITY OF MELBOURNE.- AREA, POPULATION, DWELLINGS, VALUES, 
 
 ETC., 1856 TO 1917. 
 
 Year.* 
 
 Area. 
 
 Estimated 
 Population . 
 
 No. of 
 Ratepayers. 
 
 Estimated 
 No. of 
 Dwellings. 
 
 Total Value 
 of Property. 
 
 Annual 
 Value of 
 Property. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1856 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 755,288 
 
 1857 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 881,188 
 
 1858 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 995,945 
 
 1859 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 836,894 
 
 1860 
 
 
 
 
 
 7,534,100 
 
 753,410 
 
 * From 1856 to 1902, the financial year ended 31st August, since then 31st December. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 43 
 
 VICTORIA. CITY OF MELBOURNE. AREA, POPULATION, DWELLINGS, 
 VALUES, ETC., 1856 TO 1917 continued. 
 
 Your.* 
 
 Area. 
 
 Estimated 
 Population. 
 
 No. of 
 Ratepayers. 
 
 Estimated 
 No. of 
 Dwellings. 
 
 Total Value 
 of Property. 
 
 Annual 
 Value of 
 Property. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1861 
 
 
 
 
 
 6,526,760 
 
 652,676 
 
 1862 
 
 4,000 
 
 41,500 
 
 
 8,771 
 
 5,280,000 
 
 550,000 
 
 1863 
 
 4,000 
 
 41,000 
 
 
 8,850 
 
 4,445,664 
 
 555,708 
 
 1864 
 
 4,000 
 
 45,000 
 
 
 9,017 
 
 4,407,984 
 
 550,998 
 
 1865 
 
 4,000 
 
 45,400 
 
 
 9,052 
 
 7,118,530 
 
 711,853 
 
 1866 
 
 4,000 
 
 47,000 
 
 . 
 
 9,452 
 
 5,952,650 
 
 595,265 
 
 1867 
 
 4,480 
 
 48,500 
 
 9,730 
 
 9,927 
 
 6,138,250 
 
 613,825 
 
 1868 
 
 4,480 
 
 50,000 
 
 9,251 
 
 10,131 
 
 6,515,310 
 
 651,531 
 
 1869 
 
 4,480 
 
 50,500 
 
 9,430 
 
 10,592 
 
 6,776,360 
 
 677,636 
 
 1870 
 
 4,480 
 
 55,798 
 
 10,297 
 
 11,084 
 
 7,110,900 
 
 711,090 
 
 1871 
 
 4,480 
 
 54,767 
 
 10,566 
 
 11,530 
 
 7,360,200 
 
 736,020 
 
 1872 
 
 4,480 
 
 56,126 
 
 11,152 
 
 11,816 
 
 7,508,700 
 
 750,870 
 
 1873 
 
 4,480 
 
 58,016 
 
 11,563 
 
 12,214 
 
 7,814,240 
 
 781,424 
 
 1874 
 
 4,480 
 
 59,540 
 
 11,754 
 
 12,535 
 
 8,220,400 
 
 822,040 
 
 1875 
 
 4,480 
 
 60,150 
 
 11,962 
 
 12,663 
 
 8,397,210 
 
 839,721 
 
 1876 
 
 4,480 
 
 61,000 
 
 12,026 
 
 12,844 
 
 8,568,100 
 
 856,810 
 
 1877 
 
 4,480 
 
 62,000 
 
 13,027 
 
 13,027 
 
 8,757,130 
 
 875,713 
 
 1878 
 
 4,480 
 
 62,500 
 
 14,967 
 
 13,170 
 
 9,454,640 
 
 945,464 
 
 1879 
 
 4,480 
 
 63,250 
 
 12,989 
 
 13,312 
 
 9.532,020 
 
 953,202 
 
 1880 
 
 4,480 
 
 65,860 
 
 15,283 
 
 11,795 
 
 9,463,745 
 
 946,374 
 
 1881 
 
 5,020 
 
 65,790 
 
 15,362 
 
 13,657 
 
 9,586,730 
 
 958,673 
 
 1882 
 
 5,020 
 
 65,878 
 
 15,538 
 
 13,696 
 
 9,983,180 
 
 998,318 
 
 1883 
 
 5,020 
 
 66,931 
 
 15,709 
 
 13,906 
 
 10,321,620 
 
 1,032,162 
 
 1884 . . 
 
 5,020 
 
 67,614 
 
 15,928 
 
 14,040 
 
 10,699,000 
 
 1,069,900 
 
 1885 
 
 5,020 
 
 70,882 
 
 16,217 
 
 14,495 
 
 12,138,700 
 
 1,213,870 
 
 1886 
 
 5,020 
 
 71,556 
 
 16,450 
 
 14,831 
 
 12,692,000 
 
 1,269,260 
 
 1887 
 
 5,020 
 
 72,786 
 
 16,686 
 
 15,113 
 
 13,315,600 
 
 1,331,560 
 
 1888 
 
 5,020 
 
 74,799 
 
 16,809 
 
 15,499 
 
 16,232,410 
 
 1,623,241 
 
 1889 
 
 5,020 
 
 76,536 
 
 14,766 
 
 15,535 
 
 17,161,660 
 
 1,716,166 
 
 1890 
 
 5,020 
 
 73,361 
 
 14,700 
 
 13,658 
 
 18,084,080 
 
 1,808,408 
 
 1891 
 
 5,020 
 
 73,296 
 
 14,819 
 
 15,802 
 
 19,135,830 
 
 1,913,583 
 
 1892 
 
 5,020 
 
 74,317 
 
 14,509 
 
 15,844 
 
 19,778,330 
 
 1,977,833 
 
 1893 
 
 5,020 
 
 66,391 
 
 13,435 
 
 15,867 
 
 18,983,510 
 
 1,898,351 
 
 1894 
 
 6,005 
 
 65,541 
 
 13,808 
 
 15,335 
 
 16,553,200 
 
 1,655,320 
 
 1895 
 
 6,005 
 
 67,189 
 
 13,996 
 
 15,146 
 
 14,023,650 
 
 1,402,365 
 
 1896 
 
 6,005 
 
 70,305 
 
 14,284 
 
 15,367 
 
 14,467,100 
 
 1,446,710 
 
 1897 
 
 6,005 
 
 68,093 
 
 17,830 
 
 15,318 
 
 14,331,310 
 
 1,433,131 
 
 1898 
 
 6,005 
 
 70,180 
 
 17,830 
 
 15,075 
 
 13,110,490 
 
 1,311,049 
 
 1899 
 
 6,005 
 
 69,994 
 
 17,880 
 
 15,018 
 
 13,171,100 
 
 1,317,110 
 
 1900 
 
 6,005 
 
 74,569 
 
 17,801 
 
 14,933 
 
 13,268,110 
 
 1,326,810 
 
 1901 
 
 6,005 
 
 68,374 
 
 18,281 
 
 12,579 
 
 13,268,110 
 
 1,326,811 
 
 1902 
 
 6,005 
 
 68,374 
 
 18,433 
 
 12,579 
 
 13,843,810 
 
 1,384,381 
 
 1903 
 
 6,005 
 
 68,650 
 
 18,523 
 
 14,777 
 
 27,598,740 
 
 1,379,937 
 
 1904 
 
 6,005 
 
 68,363 
 
 18,540 
 
 14,802 
 
 27,558,700 
 
 1,377,935 
 
 1905 
 
 6,005 
 
 69,588 
 
 19,135 
 
 14,754 
 
 27,968,760 
 
 1,398,438 
 
 1906 
 
 7,658 
 
 99,880 
 
 26,358 
 
 21,325 
 
 32,002,120 
 
 1,600,106 
 
 1907 
 
 7,658 
 
 100,839 
 
 26,631 
 
 21,449 
 
 32,439,040 
 
 1,621,952 
 
 1908 
 
 7,658 
 
 100,506 
 
 26,861 
 
 21,342 
 
 33,417,100 
 
 1,670,855 
 
 1909 
 
 7,658 
 
 101,250 
 
 27,021 
 
 21,407 
 
 33,708,160 
 
 1,685,408 
 
 1910 
 
 7,658 
 
 102,330 
 
 27,027 
 
 21,621 
 
 34,262,040 
 
 1,713,102 
 
 1911 
 
 7,658 
 
 103,593 
 
 27,440 
 
 21,749 
 
 35,642,860 
 
 1,782,143 
 
 1912 
 
 7,658 
 
 103,593 
 
 27,787 
 
 19,691 
 
 36,313,480 
 
 1,815,674 
 
 1913 
 
 7,658 
 
 105,150 
 
 27,575 
 
 19,851 
 
 37,206,940 
 
 1,860,347 
 
 1914 
 
 7,658 
 
 106,100 
 
 28,452 
 
 22,451 
 
 41,360,660 
 
 2,068,033 
 
 1915 
 
 7,658 
 
 107,090 
 
 28,475 
 
 22,630 
 
 42,493,940 
 
 2,124,697 
 
 1916 
 
 7,552 
 
 107,870 
 
 28,038 
 
 22,757 
 
 43,539,440 
 
 2,176,972 
 
 1917 
 
 7,552 
 
 107,170 
 
 28,927 
 
 22,651 
 
 44,813,620 
 
 2,240,681 
 
 From 1856 to 1902, the financial year ended 31st' August, since then 31st December. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 VICTORIA. CITY OF MELBOURNE. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 1857 TO 1917. 
 
 Year.* 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis 
 tration. 
 
 " Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1857 . 
 
 
 
 
 78,179 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 165,794 
 
 1858 . 
 
 
 25,000 
 
 81,048 
 
 106,048 
 
 
 
 ... 
 
 80,008 
 
 1859 . 
 
 
 25,000 
 
 69,054 
 
 94,054 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 112,343 
 
 1860 . 
 
 
 25,000 
 
 65,218 
 
 90,218 
 
 
 
 
 99,613 
 
 1861 . 
 
 
 12,700 
 
 61,856 
 
 74,556 
 
 
 
 
 89,237 
 
 1862 . 
 
 
 9,750 
 
 58,472 
 
 68,222 
 
 
 
 
 64,185 
 
 1863 . 
 
 . . 
 
 7,031 
 
 64,496 
 
 71,527 
 
 
 
 
 69,709 
 
 1864 . 
 
 
 
 78,266 
 
 ' 78,266 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 80,390 
 
 1865 . 
 
 37,781 
 
 
 41,816 
 
 79,597 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 105,292 
 
 1866 . 
 
 40,993 
 
 
 58,180 
 
 99,173 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 76,659 
 
 1867 . 
 
 40,521 
 
 
 54,151 
 
 94,672 
 
 
 
 
 80,334 
 
 1868 . 
 
 41,512 
 
 . . 
 
 176,874 
 
 218,386 
 
 10,396 
 
 23,690 
 
 72,489 
 
 106,575 
 
 1869 . 
 
 42,422 
 
 . . 
 
 104,859 
 
 147,281 
 
 9,857 
 
 38,555 
 
 108,323 
 
 156,735 
 
 1870 . 
 
 44,002 
 
 
 90,068 
 
 134,070 
 
 10,497 
 
 32,387 
 
 90,872 
 
 133,756 
 
 1871 . 
 
 46,806 
 
 
 85,683 
 
 132,489 
 
 10,458 
 
 32,068 
 
 89,650 
 
 132,176 
 
 1872 . 
 
 50,111 
 
 . . 
 
 61,918 
 
 112,029 
 
 11,444 
 
 34,282 
 
 64,814 
 
 110,540 
 
 1873 . . 
 
 48,962 
 
 . 
 
 56,957 
 
 105,919 
 
 11,779 
 
 37,876 
 
 59,965 
 
 109,620 
 
 1874 .. 
 
 51,642 
 
 
 101,348 
 
 152,990 
 
 10,865 
 
 44,729 
 
 80,318 
 
 135,912 
 
 1875 .. 
 
 59,036 
 
 1,268 
 
 50,335 
 
 110,639 
 
 9,929 
 
 35,938 
 
 81,598 
 
 127,465 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 59,755 
 
 1,656 
 
 51,242 
 
 112,653 
 
 9,572 
 
 34,553 
 
 57,122 
 
 101,247 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 62,541 
 
 1,537 
 
 54,030 
 
 118,108 
 
 9,878 
 
 47,748 
 
 53,676 
 
 111,302 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 59,034 
 
 1,492 
 
 56,383 
 
 116,909 
 
 9,371 
 
 40,779 
 
 86,896 
 
 137,04(5 
 
 1879 . . 
 
 60,806 
 
 1,447 
 
 60,453 
 
 122,706 
 
 9,470 
 
 54,847 
 
 115,058 
 
 179,375 
 
 1880 . . 
 
 62,274 
 
 1,447 
 
 57,931 
 
 121,652 
 
 9,835 
 
 44,161 
 
 111,162 
 
 165,158 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 63,002 
 
 1,418 
 
 62,166 
 
 126,586 
 
 9,603 
 
 37,983 
 
 66,485 
 
 114,071 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 60,539 
 
 1,323 
 
 58,806 
 
 120,668 
 
 10,806 
 
 34,049 
 
 63,437 
 
 108,292 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 69,253 
 
 1,270 
 
 64,579 
 
 135,102 
 
 10,663 
 
 61,272 
 
 71,109 
 
 143,044 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 69,958 
 
 1,242 
 
 72,156 
 
 143,356 
 
 12,879 
 
 80,015 
 
 98,306 
 
 191,200 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 75,001 
 
 1,183 
 
 81,174 
 
 157,358 
 
 13,978 
 
 94,829 
 
 102,085 
 
 210,892 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 81,271 
 
 1,129 
 
 . 82,291 
 
 164,691 
 
 12,683 
 
 79,209 
 
 92,053 
 
 183,945 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 86,093 
 
 1,068 
 
 88,692 
 
 175,853 
 
 12,715 
 
 102,210 
 
 104,882 
 
 219,807 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 89,754 
 
 992 
 
 97,504 
 
 188,250 
 
 14,587 
 
 84,914 
 
 126,858 
 
 226,359 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 103,300 
 
 1,036 
 
 111,531 
 
 215,867 
 
 14,544 
 
 110,334 
 
 133,842 
 
 258,720 
 
 1890 -.. 
 
 108,927 
 
 1,278 
 
 113,673 
 
 223,878 
 
 14,939 
 
 105,157 
 
 246,678 
 
 366,774 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 112,790 
 
 1,154 
 
 134,980 
 
 248,924 
 
 15,050 
 
 85,944 
 
 239,920 
 
 340,914 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 112,625 
 
 830 
 
 107,041 
 
 220,496 
 
 14,972 
 
 58,949 
 
 291,344 
 
 365,265 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 104,260 
 
 889 
 
 104,987 
 
 210,136 
 
 14,935 
 
 43,223 
 
 283,021 
 
 341,179 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 104,688 
 
 492 
 
 108,790 
 
 213,970 
 
 13,474 
 
 23,511 
 
 155,801 
 
 192,786 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 91,814 
 
 
 95,843 
 
 187,657 
 
 5,028 
 
 24,933 
 
 158,882 
 
 198,843 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 93,388 
 
 
 94,984 
 
 188,372 
 
 0,875 
 
 45,234 
 
 145,930 
 
 202,039 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 87,684 
 
 
 94,667 
 
 182,351 
 
 1,832 
 
 60,995 
 
 152,396 
 
 225,223 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 78,722 
 
 
 95,473 
 
 174,195 
 
 3,706 
 
 60,611 
 
 118,546 
 
 192,863 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 79,373 
 
 . 
 
 102,973 
 
 182,346 
 
 3,104 
 
 54,738 
 
 131,436 
 
 199,278 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 81^833 
 
 
 110,471 
 
 192,304 
 
 3,450 
 
 61,273 
 
 136,805 
 
 211,528 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 90,417 
 
 
 479,593 
 
 570,010 
 
 4,295 
 
 58,770 
 
 352,732 
 
 425,797 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 129,025 
 
 
 157,399 
 
 286,424 
 
 3,910 
 
 55,334 
 
 245,786 
 
 315,030 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 91,072 
 
 
 156,987 
 
 248,059 
 
 5,592 
 
 61,924 
 
 202,277 
 
 279,793 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 92,029 
 
 
 155,634 
 
 247,663 
 
 6,836 
 
 70,540 
 
 208,340 
 
 295,716 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 95,264 
 
 
 171,243 
 
 266,507 
 
 6,332 
 
 83,018 
 
 203,952 
 
 303,302 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 109.219 
 
 
 428,797 
 
 538,016 
 
 7,931 
 
 92,752 
 
 214,485 
 
 325,168 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 119,171 
 
 _ 
 
 196,355 
 
 315,526 
 
 8,930 
 
 112,674 
 
 273,420 
 
 405,024 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 117,234 
 
 
 231,092 
 
 348,326 
 
 8,957 
 
 102,992 
 
 325,895 
 
 447,844 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 115,398 
 
 
 222,260 
 
 337,658 
 
 9,268 
 
 99,195 
 
 304,814 
 
 423,277 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 126,691 
 
 
 512,498 
 
 639,189 
 
 1,042 
 
 108,639 
 
 287,174 
 
 416,855 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 120,633 
 
 
 
 238,384 
 
 359,017 
 
 0,707 
 
 117,450 
 
 298,796 
 
 436,953 
 
 From 1857 to 1902 the financial year ended on 31st August, since then on 31st December. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 45 
 
 VICTORIA. CITY OF MELBOURNE. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1857 
 
 TO 1917 continued. 
 
 Y.Mr.* 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 1912 .. 
 1913 .. 
 1914 .. 
 1915 .. 
 1916 .. 
 1917 .. 
 
 
 120,408 
 139,264 
 140,336 
 144,409 
 149,312 
 151,189 
 
 
 
 
 260,530 
 284,585 
 598,950 
 461,746 
 598,063 
 606,748 
 
 
 380,938 
 423,849 
 739,286 
 606,155 
 747,375 
 757,937 
 
 
 21,324 
 21,904 
 22,790 
 26,252 
 27,960 
 30,754 
 
 
 186,605 
 215,308 
 225,598 
 216,000 
 239,386 
 270,384 
 
 
 276,276 
 290,083 
 293,786 
 326,476 
 450,704 
 384,858 
 
 
 484,205 
 527,295 
 542,174 
 
 568,728 
 718,050 
 685,996 
 
 * From 1857 to 1902 the financial year ended on 31st August, since then on 31st December. 
 
 VICTORIA. CITY OF MELBOURNE. ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND OUTSTANDING 
 
 LOANS, 1868 TO 1917. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1868.. 
 
 125,391 
 
 157,693 
 
 150,000 
 
 1893.. 
 
 1,073,325 
 
 1,289,078 
 
 1,220,000 
 
 1869.. 
 
 65,616 
 
 156,352 
 
 150,000 
 
 1894.. 
 
 1,084,386 
 
 1,241,686 
 
 1,210,000 
 
 1870.. 
 
 37,114 
 
 160,945 
 
 150,000 
 
 1895.. 
 
 280,703 
 
 1,219,840 
 
 1,200,000 
 
 1871.. 
 
 14,952 
 
 157,017 
 
 150,000 
 
 1896.. 
 
 1,183,203 
 
 1,221,841 
 
 1,190,000 
 
 1872.. 
 
 32,529 
 
 155,766 
 
 150,000 
 
 1897.. 
 
 1,164,674 
 
 1,189,537 
 
 ,180,000 
 
 1873.. 
 
 33,857 
 
 161,944 
 
 150,000 
 
 1898.. 
 
 1,030,908 
 
 1,181,543 
 
 ,170,000 
 
 1874.. 
 
 85,684 
 
 239,112 
 
 200,000 
 
 1899.. 
 
 1,010,953 
 
 1,175,918 
 
 ,166,000 
 
 1875.. 
 
 48,400 
 
 217,839 
 
 200,000 
 
 1900.. 
 
 1,003,524 
 
 1,169,838 
 
 ,156,000 
 
 1876.. 
 
 47,167 
 
 207,724 
 
 190,000 
 
 1901 . . 
 
 1,516,646 
 
 1,580,310 
 
 ,496,000 
 
 1877.. 
 
 47,493 
 
 209,010 
 
 180,000 
 
 1902.. 
 
 1,407,060 
 
 1,535,883 
 
 ,486,000 
 
 1878.. 
 
 147,170 
 
 352,455 
 
 275,000 
 
 1903.. 
 
 1,528,426 
 
 1,516,721 
 
 ,474,847 
 
 1879.. 
 
 76,153 
 
 320,108 
 
 285,000 
 
 1904.. 
 
 1,531,154 
 
 1,512,618 
 
 ,464,637 
 
 1880.. 
 
 38,493 
 
 318,511 
 
 275,000 
 
 1905.. 
 
 1,603,226 
 
 1,626,727 
 
 ,583,428 
 
 1881 . . 
 
 36,807 
 
 306,491 
 
 290,000 
 
 1906.. 
 
 1,917,094 
 
 1,863,531 
 
 ,823,218 
 
 1882.. 
 
 49,613 
 
 296,577 
 
 280,000 
 
 1907.. 
 
 1,957,668 
 
 1,877,530 
 
 ,808,008 
 
 1883.. 
 
 50,629 
 
 307,525 
 
 270,000 
 
 1908.. 
 
 1,904,845 
 
 1,910,021 
 
 1,792,799 
 
 1884.. 
 
 198,226 
 
 502,683 
 
 460,000 
 
 1909.. 
 
 1,983,731 
 
 1,879,210 
 
 1,777,589 
 
 1885.. 
 
 140,351 
 
 483,679 
 
 450,000 
 
 1910.. 
 
 2,340,491 
 
 2,206,552 
 
 2,061,747 
 
 1886.. 
 
 267,886 
 
 632,754 
 
 590,000 
 
 1911.. 
 
 2,440,379 
 
 2,286,617 
 
 2,047,170 
 
 1887.. 
 
 207,130 
 
 613,922 
 
 580,000 
 
 1912.. 
 
 2,462,798 
 
 2,287,002 
 
 2,025,000 
 
 1888.. 
 
 159,299 
 
 599,081 
 
 570,000 
 
 1913.. 
 
 2,536,374 
 
 2,344,610 
 
 2,017,750 
 
 1889.. 
 
 527,134 
 
 598,772 
 
 570,000 
 
 1914.. 
 
 2,820,470 
 
 2,564,851 
 
 2,280,540 
 
 1890.. 
 
 887,651 
 
 1,088,260 
 
 1,000,000 
 
 1915.. 
 
 2,933,158 
 
 2,743,663 
 
 2,268,525 
 
 1891.. 
 
 825,271 
 
 1,056,006 
 
 990,000 
 
 1916.. 
 
 2,204,788 
 
 2,463,018 
 
 2,351,315 
 
 1892.. 
 
 840,195 
 
 1,059,064 
 
 980,000 
 
 1917.. 
 
 2,340,259 
 
 2,692,205 
 
 2,529,105 
 
 (c) City of Geelong. 
 
 1. General Review. The inhabitants of the Town of Geelong were incorporated on 
 the 12th October, 1849. 
 
 2. Incorporation of the Town of Geelong Act 1849. The Acts and amendments which 
 were passed for Melbourne were made applicable also to Geelong. The original boundarie 
 were altered in 1858, but the division into four Wards was retained, and in 1876 two 
 Wards were united into one. In 1910 Geelong was proclaimed a City, the division into 
 four Wards being restored. 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following tables shew for the City of Geelong 
 (a) the area, estimated population, number of ratepayers, estimated number of dwellings, 
 and total and annual value of property for the years 1856 to 1917 ; (6) the revenue and 
 expenditure for the years 1857 to 1917 ; and (c) the assets, liabilities, and outstanding 
 loans for the years 1868 to 1917 : 
 
46 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 VICTORIA. CITY OF GEELONQ. AREA, POPULATION, DWELLINGS, VALUES, 
 ETC., 1856 TO 1917. 
 
 Year ending 
 31st August. 
 
 Area. 
 
 Estimated 
 Population. 
 
 No. of 
 
 Ratepayers. 
 
 Estimated 
 No. of 
 Dwellings. 
 
 Total Value 
 of Property. 
 
 Annual 
 Value of 
 Property. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1856 
 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 239,455 
 
 1857 
 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 254,424 
 
 1858 
 
 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 196,298 
 
 1859 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
 168,917 
 
 1860 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1,306,740 
 
 130,674 
 
 1861 
 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1,262,740 
 
 126,274 
 
 1862 
 
 4,480 
 
 14,784 
 
 . . 
 
 3,897 
 
 751,518 
 
 125,283 
 
 1863 
 
 3,800 
 
 16,000 
 
 
 3,650 
 
 666,534 
 
 111,089 
 
 1864 
 
 3,800 
 
 16,000 
 
 
 3,519 
 
 551,388 
 
 91,898 
 
 1865 
 
 3,800 
 
 16,000 
 
 
 3,400 
 
 439,236 
 
 73,206 
 
 1866 
 
 3,800 
 
 16,000 
 
 
 3,400 
 
 439,548 
 
 73,258 
 
 1867 
 
 3,800 
 
 16,000 
 
 3,000 
 
 3,000 
 
 447,612 
 
 74,602 
 
 1868 
 
 3,800 
 
 16,000 
 
 3,000 
 
 3,000 
 
 444,972 
 
 74,162 
 
 1869 
 
 3,800 
 
 16,000 
 
 3,311 
 
 3,100 
 
 477,156 
 
 79,526 
 
 1870 
 
 3,800 
 
 14,897 
 
 3,227 
 
 3,118 
 
 480,054 
 
 80,009 
 
 1871 
 
 3,800 
 
 17,000 
 
 3,200 
 
 3,230 
 
 488,316 
 
 81,386 
 
 1872 
 
 3,800 
 
 17,000 
 
 3,250 
 
 3,250 
 
 821,180 
 
 82,118 
 
 1873 
 
 3,800 
 
 17,000 
 
 3,250 
 
 3,250 
 
 836,920 
 
 83,692 
 
 1874 
 
 3,800 
 
 17,000 
 
 3,350 
 
 3,350 
 
 832,950 
 
 83,295 
 
 1875 
 
 3,100 
 
 11,000 
 
 2,200 
 
 2,200 
 
 688,780 
 
 68,876 
 
 1876 
 
 3,100 
 
 11,000 
 
 2,247 
 
 2,200 
 
 703,920 
 
 70,392 
 
 1877 
 
 3,100 
 
 12,000 
 
 2,263 
 
 2,200 
 
 713,110 
 
 71,311 
 
 1878 
 
 3,100 
 
 12,000 
 
 2,260 
 
 2,200 
 
 709,475 
 
 70,947 
 
 1879 
 
 3,100 
 
 13,000 
 
 2,260 
 
 2,200 
 
 709,555 
 
 70,955 
 
 1880 
 
 3,100 
 
 9,719 
 
 2,260 
 
 2,035 
 
 706,675 
 
 70,667 
 
 1881 
 
 3,012 
 
 10,000 
 
 2,260 
 
 2,200 
 
 707,210 
 
 70,721 
 
 1882 
 
 3,012 
 
 10,000 
 
 2,260 
 
 2,200 
 
 710,290 
 
 71,029 
 
 1883 
 
 3,01.2 
 
 10,000 
 
 2,300 
 
 2,250 
 
 711,980 
 
 71,198 
 
 1884 
 
 3,012 
 
 10,000 
 
 2,335 
 
 2,260 
 
 711,630 
 
 71,163 
 
 1885 
 
 3,012 
 
 10,000 
 
 2,363 
 
 2,300 
 
 722,280 
 
 72,228 
 
 1886 
 
 3,012 
 
 10,000 
 
 2,398 
 
 2,350 
 
 732,420 
 
 73,242 
 
 1887 
 
 3,012 
 
 10,000 
 
 2,452 
 
 2,422 
 
 748,150 
 
 74,815 
 
 1888 
 
 3,012 
 
 10,000 
 
 2,490 
 
 2,460 
 
 759,480 
 
 75,948 
 
 1889 
 
 3,012 
 
 10,281 
 
 2,550 
 
 2,520 
 
 879,060 
 
 87,906 
 
 1890 
 
 3,012 
 
 11,666 
 
 2,640 
 
 2,365 
 
 896,650 
 
 89,665 
 
 1891 
 
 3,012 
 
 11,666 
 
 3,042 
 
 2,700 
 
 926,970 
 
 92,697 
 
 1892 
 
 3,012 
 
 11,900 
 
 3,311 
 
 2,740 
 
 973,030 
 
 97,303 
 
 1893 
 
 3,012 
 
 11,700 
 
 3,058 
 
 2,886 
 
 974,120 
 
 97,412 
 
 1894 
 
 3,012 
 
 11,600 
 
 3,118 
 
 2,884 
 
 ,024,324 
 
 87,027 
 
 1895 
 
 3,012 
 
 12,450 
 
 3,997 
 
 3,120 
 
 ,867,500 
 
 93,376 
 
 1896 
 
 3,012 
 
 12,464 
 
 4,010 
 
 3,140 
 
 ,834,340 
 
 91,717 
 
 1897 
 
 3.012 
 
 12,464 
 
 4,228 
 
 3,145 
 
 ,784,380 
 
 89,219 
 
 1898 
 
 3,012 
 
 12,500 
 
 4,228 
 
 3,102 
 
 ,758,000 
 
 87,900 
 
 1899 
 
 3,012 
 
 11,483 
 
 4,338 
 
 2,909 
 
 ,740,040 
 
 87,002 
 
 1900 
 
 3,012 
 
 11,483 
 
 4,352 
 
 2,946 
 
 ,757,460 
 
 87,873 
 
 1901 
 
 3,012 
 
 12,418 
 
 4,267 
 
 2,629 
 
 ,750,600 
 
 87,530 
 
 1902 
 
 3,012 
 
 12,418 
 
 4,308 
 
 2,629 
 
 1,784,860 
 
 89,243 
 
 1903 
 
 3,012 
 
 12,479 
 
 4,328 
 
 2,674 
 
 1,810,840 
 
 90,592 
 
 1904 
 
 3,012 
 
 12,990 
 
 4,287 
 
 2,694 
 
 1,839.760 
 
 91,988 
 
 1905 
 
 3,012 
 
 12,990 
 
 4,287 
 
 2,694 
 
 1,838,960 
 
 91,948 
 
 1906 
 
 3,012 
 
 13,477 
 
 4,410 
 
 2,833 
 
 1,869,820 
 
 93,491 
 
 1907 
 
 3,012 
 
 14,141 
 
 4,092 
 
 2,845 
 
 1,899,780 
 
 94,989 
 
 1908 
 
 3,012 
 
 14,577 
 
 4,119 
 
 2,849 
 
 1,978,700 
 
 98,935 
 
 1909 
 
 3,012 
 
 14,634 
 
 4,143 
 
 2,878 
 
 2,208,980 
 
 101,449 
 
 1910 
 
 3,012 
 
 14,793 
 
 4,143 
 
 2,916 
 
 2,029,300 
 
 101,465 
 
 1911 
 
 3,012 
 
 13,618 
 
 4,410 
 
 2,997 
 
 2,282,180 
 
 114,109 
 
 1912 
 
 3,012 
 
 13,618 
 
 4,495 
 
 3,177 
 
 2,496,280 
 
 124,814 
 
 1913 
 
 3,012 
 
 15,230 
 
 4,105 
 
 3,212 
 
 2,684,400 
 
 134,220 
 
 1914 
 
 3,012 
 
 15,400 
 
 4,614 
 
 3,735 
 
 2,760,400 
 
 138,020 
 
 1915 
 
 3,012 
 
 16,130 
 
 4,307 
 
 3,727 
 
 2,809,380 
 
 140,469 
 
 1916 
 
 3,012 
 
 16,000 
 
 4,400 
 
 3,789 
 
 2,809,120 
 
 140,456 
 
 1917 
 
 3,012 
 
 15,393 
 
 4,374 
 
 3,789 
 
 2,833,540 
 
 141,677 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 VICTORIA. CITY OF GEELONQ. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1857 TO 1917. 
 
 Year 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 ending 
 
 
 From 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 :;i-t 
 
 Rates. 
 
 Govern- 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 AdmlnlS" 
 trution 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 AUL'llr-t . 
 
 
 ment. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1857 .. 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 21,910 
 
 . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 22,123 
 
 1858 .. 
 
 
 . 
 
 18,981 
 
 18,981 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 23,257 
 
 1859 .. 
 
 
 10,000 
 
 19,870 
 
 29,870 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 27,971 
 
 1860 .. 
 
 
 10,000 
 
 17,507 
 
 27,507 
 
 
 
 
 
 28,990 
 
 1861 .. 
 
 
 5,650 
 
 13,018 
 
 18,668 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 21,465 
 
 1862 .. 
 
 
 3,750 
 
 14,109 
 
 17,859 
 
 
 
 
 18,647 
 
 1863 . . 
 
 
 2,812 
 
 12,298 
 
 15,110 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 15,939 
 
 1864 .. 
 
 
 3,056 
 
 14,341 
 
 17,397 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 16,834 
 
 1865 .. 
 
 7J81 
 
 
 5,755 
 
 12,936 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 14,244 
 
 1866 .. 
 
 8,537 
 
 
 5,649 
 
 14,186 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 11,190 
 
 1867 .. 
 
 8,034 
 
 640 
 
 6,701 
 
 15,375 
 
 
 
 
 11,519 
 
 1868 .. 
 
 7,526 
 
 
 5,786 
 
 13,312 
 
 1,864 
 
 6,610 
 
 9J36 
 
 17,610 
 
 1869 .. 
 
 8,443 
 
 1,330 
 
 7,505 
 
 17,278 
 
 1,999 
 
 8,122 
 
 10,825 
 
 20,946 
 
 1870 .. 
 
 7,747 
 
 1,991 
 
 10,374 
 
 20,112 
 
 2,701 
 
 16,484 
 
 6,902 
 
 26,087 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 8,071 
 
 430 
 
 7,487 
 
 1 5,988 
 
 2,287 
 
 12,491 
 
 6,194 
 
 20,972 
 
 1872 .. 
 
 8,486 
 
 154 
 
 7,774 
 
 16,414 
 
 2,132 
 
 8,120 
 
 6,542 
 
 16,794 
 
 1873 .. 
 
 8,123 
 
 231 
 
 6,601 
 
 14,955 
 
 2,081 
 
 6,515 
 
 5,328 
 
 13,924 
 
 1874 .. 
 
 7,497 
 
 2,198 
 
 7,309 
 
 17,004 
 
 2,190 
 
 8,763 
 
 4,754 
 
 15,707 
 
 1875 .. 
 
 6,383 
 
 1,714 
 
 6,926 
 
 15,023 
 
 ,845 
 
 10,719 
 
 4,297 
 
 16,861 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 5,525 
 
 2,680 
 
 5,994 
 
 14,199 
 
 ,950 
 
 9,658 
 
 3,018 
 
 14,626 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 5,898 
 
 2,876 
 
 7,091 
 
 15,865 
 
 ,807 
 
 9,189 
 
 2,805 
 
 13,801 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 5,482 
 
 2,723 
 
 5,689 
 
 13,894 
 
 ,809 
 
 8,471 
 
 2,703 
 
 12,983 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 5,262 
 
 1,952 
 
 6,504 
 
 13,718 
 
 ,512 
 
 9,379 
 
 2,988 
 
 13,879 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 5,023 
 
 2,162 . 
 
 5,123 
 
 12,308 
 
 ,798 
 
 10,734 
 
 2,715 
 
 15,247 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 5,608 
 
 2,053 
 
 5,866 
 
 13,527 
 
 ,803 
 
 7,964 
 
 2,978 
 
 12,745 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 5,650 
 
 1,793 
 
 5,297 
 
 12,740 
 
 ,506 
 
 8,786 
 
 2,826 
 
 13,118 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 5;673 
 
 2,565 
 
 5,603 
 
 13,841 
 
 ,845 
 
 10,093 
 
 2,571 
 
 14,509 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 5,668 
 
 1,766 
 
 5,161 
 
 12,595 
 
 ,630 
 
 9,147 
 
 2,062 
 
 12,839 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 4,909 
 
 2,011 
 
 '5,334 
 
 12,254 
 
 ,371 
 
 9,653 
 
 3,023 
 
 14,047 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 5,717 
 
 2,663 
 
 5,437 
 
 13,817 
 
 ,419 
 
 11,492 
 
 3,035 
 
 15,946 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 5,841 
 
 2,169 
 
 5,572 
 
 13,582 
 
 ,409 
 
 9,997 
 
 3,222 
 
 14,628 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 6,725 
 
 2,229 
 
 5,523 
 
 14,477 
 
 ,459 
 
 8,594 
 
 4,098 
 
 14,151 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 6,301 
 
 1,877 
 
 4,810 
 
 12,988 
 
 ,380 
 
 9,768 
 
 3,832 
 
 14,980 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 7,260 
 
 2,491 
 
 5,557 
 
 15,308 
 
 ,564 
 
 11,819 
 
 3,838 
 
 17,221 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 7,338 
 
 2,156 
 
 6,058 
 
 15,552 
 
 ,600 
 
 15,010 
 
 3,547 
 
 20,157 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 7,116 
 
 2,227 
 
 6,321 
 
 15,664 
 
 ,757 
 
 20,682 
 
 3,739 
 
 26,178 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 7,172 
 
 1,967 
 
 5,922 
 
 15,061 
 
 2,374 
 
 11,161 
 
 3,046 
 
 16,581 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 6,960 
 
 854 
 
 5,447 
 
 13,261 
 
 ,359 
 
 8,168 
 
 3,642 
 
 13,169 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 6,149 
 
 '511 
 
 15,728 
 
 22,388 
 
 ,245 
 
 4,155 
 
 16,634 
 
 22,034 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 9,209 
 
 323 
 
 7,804 
 
 17,336 
 
 ,480 
 
 7,775 
 
 6,937 
 
 16,192 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 11,351 
 
 291 
 
 . 10,096 
 
 21,738 
 
 ,474 
 
 7,992 
 
 9,046 
 
 18,512 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 8,981 
 
 305 
 
 5,686 
 
 14,972 
 
 ,497 
 
 6,654 
 
 10,046 
 
 18,197 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 9,031 
 
 330 
 
 4,506 
 
 13,867 
 
 ,460 
 
 6,729 
 
 6,338 
 
 14,527 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 8.798 
 
 304 
 
 5,665 
 
 14,767 
 
 ,573 
 
 6,682 
 
 6,937 
 
 15,192 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 8,789 
 
 316 
 
 4,977 
 
 14,082 
 
 ,595 
 
 6,978 
 
 6,067 
 
 14,640 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 9,145 
 
 610 
 
 4,811 
 
 14,566 
 
 ,584 
 
 6,503 
 
 5,380 
 
 13,467 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 8,823 
 
 280 
 
 9,768 
 
 18,871 
 
 ,591 
 
 7,235 
 
 10,121 
 
 18,947 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 9,193 
 
 279 
 
 5,205 
 
 14,677 
 
 ,691 
 
 8,244 
 
 5,777 
 
 15,712 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 10,427 
 
 
 5,584 
 
 16,011 
 
 ,478 
 
 7,507 
 
 6,052 
 
 15,037 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 10,737 
 
 ios 
 
 5,749 
 
 16,589 
 
 ,323 
 
 8,017 
 
 6,106 
 
 15,446 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 11,054 
 
 96 
 
 6,129 
 
 17,279 
 
 ,263 
 
 8,535 
 
 6,281 
 
 16,079 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 10,891 
 
 82 
 
 5,934 
 
 16,907 
 
 1,347 
 
 7,856 
 
 9,038 
 
 18,241 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 11,531 
 
 99 
 
 5,824 
 
 17,454 
 
 1,678 
 
 6,986 
 
 8,772 
 
 17,436 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 11,973 
 
 260 
 
 8,969 
 
 21,202 
 
 1,850 
 
 7,936 
 
 8,962 
 
 18,748 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 12,563 
 
 87 
 
 7,649 
 
 20,299 
 
 1,641 
 
 13,981 
 
 9,347 
 
 24,969 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 13,742 
 
 92 
 
 7,219 
 
 21,053 
 
 2,009 
 
 10,615 
 
 9,943 
 
 22,567 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 14,831 
 
 155 
 
 36,241 
 
 51,227 
 
 2,059 
 
 26,785 
 
 21,396 
 
 50,240 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 15,984 
 
 154 
 
 9,267 
 
 25,405 
 
 2,011 
 
 13,488 
 
 11,972 
 
 27,471 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 16,416 
 
 84 
 
 25,121 
 
 41,621 
 
 1,998 
 
 19,005 
 
 12,641 
 
 33,644 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 17,533 
 
 106 
 
 14,423 
 
 32,062 
 
 1,779 
 
 12,865 
 
 28,622 
 
 43,266 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 17,777 
 
 85 
 
 12,205 
 
 30,067 
 
 1,798 
 
 11,531 
 
 20,185 
 
 33,514 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 VICTORIA. CITY OF QEELONQ. ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND OUTSTANDING 
 LOANS, 1868 TO 1917. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 Year. 
 
 , Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 1868.. 
 
 
 
 
 11,798 
 
 
 7,500 
 
 1893.. 
 
 
 35,249 
 
 
 43,149 
 
 
 35,500 
 
 1869.. 
 
 
 11,169 
 
 7,500 
 
 1894.. 
 
 29,284 
 
 42,765 
 
 34,500 
 
 1870.. 
 
 2,462 
 
 15,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 1895.. 
 
 36,503 
 
 44,490 
 
 44,000 
 
 1871.. 
 
 . . 
 
 17,522 
 
 15,000 
 
 1896.. 
 
 34,737 
 
 46,940 
 
 45,500 
 
 1872.. 
 
 . . 
 
 19,299 
 
 18,600 
 
 1897.. 
 
 32,561 
 
 49,973 
 
 49,400 
 
 1873.. 
 
 
 18,499 
 
 16,800 
 
 1898.. 
 
 36,127 
 
 50,403 
 
 50,300 
 
 1874. . 
 
 631 
 
 15,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 1899.. 
 
 35,307 
 
 49,859 
 
 49,800 
 
 1875.. 
 
 
 16,208 
 
 15,000 
 
 1900.. 
 
 35,272 
 
 50,412 
 
 50,300 
 
 1876.. 
 
 . . 
 
 16,635 
 
 13,500 
 
 1901.. 
 
 34,719 
 
 49,841 
 
 49,800 
 
 1877.. 
 
 . . 
 
 14,578 
 
 12,000 
 
 1902.. 
 
 33,997 
 
 49,360 
 
 49,300 
 
 1878.. 
 
 . . 
 
 13,668 
 
 10,500 
 
 1903.. 
 
 37,911 
 
 54,937 
 
 53,800 
 
 1879.. 
 
 . . 
 
 16,711 
 
 12,000 
 
 1904.. 
 
 36,018 
 
 53,380 
 
 53,300 
 
 1880.. 
 
 732 
 
 17,500 
 
 17,500 
 
 1905.. 
 
 40,988 
 
 52,855 
 
 52,800 
 
 1881.. 
 
 514 
 
 16,500 
 
 16,500 
 
 1906.. 
 
 43,518 
 
 53,163 
 
 52,800 
 
 1882.. 
 
 
 16,329 
 
 14,500 1 
 
 1907.. 
 
 46,069 
 
 53,331 
 
 52,800 
 
 1883.. 
 
 . . 
 
 16,976 
 
 13,000 1 
 
 1908.. 
 
 45,165 
 
 53,415 
 
 52,800 
 
 1884.. 
 
 1 
 
 17,966 16,500 | 
 
 1909.. 
 
 46,285 
 
 53,776 
 
 52,800 
 
 1885.. 
 
 37,284 
 
 24,859 
 
 23,000 
 
 1910.. 
 
 51,486 
 
 56,491 
 
 52,800 
 
 1886.. 
 
 33,740 
 
 29,850 
 
 23,000 
 
 1911.. 
 
 49,720 
 
 53,960 
 
 52,800 
 
 1887.. 
 
 34,549 
 
 34,580 25,000 
 
 1912.. 
 
 51,677 
 
 69,864 
 
 69,300 
 
 1888.. 
 
 34,945 
 
 32,270 
 
 24,000 
 
 1913.. 
 
 57,327 
 
 70,169 
 
 69,300 
 
 1889.. 
 
 33,405 
 
 23,502 
 
 23,000 
 
 1914.. 
 
 56,020 
 
 67,949 
 
 67,524 
 
 1890.. 
 
 34,923 
 
 26,500 
 
 26,500 ! 
 
 1915.. 
 
 68,387 
 
 83,258 
 
 82,849 
 
 1891.. 
 
 33,959 
 
 29,036 
 
 26,000 
 
 1916.. 
 
 70,419 
 
 87,357 
 
 87,147 
 
 1892.. 
 
 34,211 
 
 40,592 35,500 
 
 1917.. 
 
 81,690 
 
 85,368 
 
 85,011 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 , (D) Summary Tables. 
 
 1. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following tables shew summaries for all Cities, 
 Towns, Boroughs, Road Districts, and Shires, including Melbourne and Geelong, of 
 (a) the revenue and expenditure from 1857 to 1917 ; and (6) the annual and total values 
 of property, assets, liabilities, and outstanding loans for the years 1856 to 1917 : 
 
 VICTORIA. CITIES, TOWNS, BOROUGHS, ROAD DISTRICTS, AND SHJRES.- 
 SUMMARY OF REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1857 TO 1917. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Bates and 
 Tolls. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1857 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 278,073 
 
 
 
 
 343,659 
 
 1858 
 
 
 222,327 
 
 190,759 
 
 413,086 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 381,659 
 
 1859 
 
 
 229,940 
 
 207,305 
 
 437,245 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 469,127 
 
 1860 
 
 
 232,192 
 
 215,006 
 
 447,198 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 462,481 
 
 1861 
 
 
 206,571 
 
 223,736 
 
 430,307 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 418,912 
 
 1862 
 
 
 251,730 
 
 237,282 
 
 489,012 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 488,759 
 
 1863 
 
 
 176,355 
 
 281,809 
 
 458,164 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 474,213 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 49 
 
 VICTORIA. CITIES, TOWNS, BOROUGHS, ROAD DISTRICTS, AND SHIRES. 
 SUMMARY OF REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1857 TO 1917 continued. 
 
 
 Revenue 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates and 
 Tolls. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1864 
 
 . . 
 
 254,680 
 
 431,326 
 
 686,006 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 661,782 
 
 1865 
 
 220,436 
 
 206,254 
 
 252,690 
 
 679,380 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 786,907 
 
 1866 
 
 233,840 
 
 228,360 
 
 282,253 
 
 744,453 
 
 
 
 
 706,613 
 
 1867 
 
 234,677 
 
 234,796 
 
 285,754 
 
 755,227 
 
 
 
 
 773,625 
 
 1868 
 
 244,808 
 
 136,579 
 
 490,305 
 
 871,692 
 
 83,051 
 
 47 1', 794 
 
 252,932 
 
 807,777 
 
 1869 
 
 250,614 
 
 300,243 
 
 407,250 
 
 958,107 
 
 81,181 
 
 516,452 
 
 368,180 
 
 965,813 
 
 1870 
 
 266,762 
 
 274,140 
 
 374,655 
 
 915,557 
 
 88,505 
 
 595,198 
 
 259,719 
 
 943,422 
 
 1871 
 
 293,179 
 
 255,205 
 
 379,748 
 
 928,132 
 
 86,568 
 
 646,398 
 
 271,769 
 
 1,004,735 
 
 1872 
 
 293,050 
 
 247,808 
 
 392,895 
 
 933,753 
 
 89,834 
 
 599,180 
 
 264,199 
 
 953,213 
 
 1873 
 
 299,865 
 
 274,282 
 
 365,787 
 
 939,934 
 
 94,751 
 
 681,861 
 
 259,345 
 
 1,035,957 
 
 1874 
 
 317,815 
 
 261,128 
 
 406,071 
 
 985,014 
 
 95,568 
 
 707,784 
 
 290,692 
 
 1,094,044 
 
 1875 
 
 433,444 
 
 418,283 
 
 249,558 
 
 1,101,285 
 
 95,632 
 
 613,269 
 
 281,625 
 
 990,526 
 
 1876 
 
 420,322 
 
 356,712 
 
 264,368 
 
 1,041,402 
 
 100,028 
 
 649,030 
 
 257,308 
 
 1,006,366 
 
 1877 
 
 438,656 
 
 320,168 
 
 235,780 
 
 994,604 
 
 99,338 
 
 635,035 
 
 217,890 
 
 952,263 
 
 1878 
 
 415,104 
 
 269,830 
 
 224,324 
 
 909,258 
 
 107,217 
 
 641,891 
 
 234,225 
 
 983,333 
 
 1879 
 
 398,303 
 
 429,807 
 
 225,378 
 
 1,053,488 
 
 105,918 
 
 653,278 
 
 253,087 
 
 1,012,283 
 
 1880 
 
 401,095 
 
 205,821 
 
 215,037 
 
 821,953 
 
 108,069 
 
 622,549 
 
 246,257 
 
 976,875 
 
 1881 
 
 417,642 
 
 363,363 
 
 233,955 
 
 1,014,960 
 
 104,087 
 
 624,015 
 
 210,207 
 
 938,309 
 
 1882 
 
 422,033 
 
 457,358 
 
 231,859 
 
 1,111,250 
 
 115,170 
 
 707,214 
 
 218,002 
 
 1,040,386 
 
 1883 
 
 445,960 
 
 393,336 
 
 247,206 
 
 1,086,502 
 
 119,349 
 
 756,928 
 
 247,802 
 
 1,124,079 
 
 1884 
 
 472,872 
 
 372,201 
 
 284,095 
 
 1,129,108 
 
 120,583 
 
 794,828 
 
 295,798 
 
 1,211,209 
 
 1885 
 
 503,474 
 
 363,496 
 
 285,955 
 
 1,152,925 
 
 129,891 
 
 761,544 
 
 320,038 
 
 1,211,473 
 
 1886 
 
 546,830 
 
 371,554 
 
 312,353 
 
 1,230,737 
 
 146,864 
 
 832,372 
 
 289,718 
 
 1,268,954 
 
 1887 
 
 592,236 
 
 369,792 
 
 329,230 
 
 1,291,258 
 
 138,479 
 
 838,483 
 
 379,677 
 
 1,356,639 
 
 1888 
 
 646,693 
 
 370,510 
 
 409,743 
 
 1,426,946 
 
 150,526 
 
 927,865 
 
 424,901 
 
 1,503,292 
 
 1889 
 
 738,824 
 
 433,198 
 
 443,467 
 
 1,615,489 
 
 162,241 
 
 1,229,059 
 
 442,771 
 
 1,834,071 
 
 1890 
 
 802,356 
 
 577,456 
 
 471,499 
 
 1,851,311 
 
 171,828 
 
 1,309,236 
 
 603,796 
 
 2,084,860 
 
 1891 
 
 837,575 
 
 514,375 
 
 527,911 
 
 1,879,861 
 
 172,702 
 
 1,277,894 
 
 646,790 
 
 2,097,386 
 
 1892 
 
 808,428 
 
 515,316 
 
 443,208 
 
 1,766,952 
 
 175,844 
 
 1,133,289 
 
 725,770 
 
 2,034,903 
 
 1893 
 
 772,598 
 
 270,974 
 
 397,662 
 
 1,441,234 
 
 172,484 
 
 898,434 
 
 678,747 
 
 ,749,665 
 
 1894 
 
 747,098 
 
 317,024 
 
 372,406 
 
 1,436,528 
 
 151,479 
 
 655,972 
 
 572,316 
 
 ,379,767 
 
 1895 
 
 705,296 
 
 154,003 
 
 386,530 
 
 1,245,829 
 
 145,536 
 
 444,756 
 
 639,884 
 
 ,230,176 
 
 1896 
 
 716,967 
 
 111,967 
 
 366,042 
 
 1,194,976 
 
 130,418 
 
 445,072 
 
 633,080 
 
 ,208,570 
 
 1897 
 
 696,808 
 
 95,823 
 
 366,074 
 
 1,158,705 
 
 130,620 
 
 506,573 
 
 589,543 
 
 ,226,736 
 
 1898 
 
 680,309 
 
 92,328 
 
 344,349 
 
 1,116,986 
 
 132,757 
 
 481,354 
 
 560,260 
 
 ,174,371 
 
 1899 
 
 694,105 
 
 165,837 
 
 376,182 
 
 1,236,124 
 
 134,178 
 
 511,864 
 
 556,517 
 
 ,202,559 
 
 1900 
 
 690,727 
 
 152,380 
 
 440,561 
 
 1,283,668 
 
 134,318 
 
 559,866 
 
 588,527 
 
 1,282,711 
 
 1901 
 
 722,346 
 
 175,972 
 
 761,349 
 
 1,659,667 
 
 139,270 
 
 642,771 
 
 802,061 
 
 1,584,102 
 
 1902 
 
 784,810 
 
 99,304 
 
 446,048 
 
 1,330,162 
 
 139,174 
 
 587,178 
 
 704,625 
 
 1,430,977 
 
 1903 
 
 765,910 
 
 98,609 
 
 496,128 
 
 1,360,647 
 
 135,730 
 
 492,669 
 
 701,874 
 
 1,330,273 
 
 1904 
 
 808,082 
 
 80,681 
 
 443,745 
 
 1,332,508 
 
 138,884 
 
 547,195 
 
 689,008 
 
 1,375,087 
 
 1905 
 
 802,453 
 
 90,572 
 
 485,509 
 
 1,378,534 
 
 136,066 
 
 626,566 
 
 665,956 
 
 1,428,588 
 
 1906 
 
 836,024 
 
 95,090 
 
 727,457 
 
 1,658,571 
 
 141,438 
 
 654,917 
 
 665,365 
 
 1,461,720 
 
 1907 
 
 887,580 
 
 117,304 
 
 622,993 
 
 1,627,877 
 
 147,933 
 
 764,921 
 
 763,206 
 
 1,676,060 
 
 1908 
 
 902,741 
 
 172,648 
 
 554,210 
 
 1,629,599 
 
 148,302 
 
 856,578 
 
 830,211 
 
 1,835,091 
 
 1909 
 
 946,956 
 
 175,601 
 
 585,912 
 
 1,708,469 
 
 158,436 
 
 847,545 
 
 826,764 
 
 1,832,745 
 
 1910 
 
 999,799 
 
 187,323 
 
 978,827 
 
 2,165,949 
 
 163,435 
 
 959,580 
 
 918,208 
 
 2,041,223 
 
 1911 
 
 1,046,943 
 
 157,141 
 
 716,262 
 
 1,920,346 
 
 168,303 
 
 995,393 
 
 898,308 
 
 2,062,004 
 
 1912 
 
 1,103,210 
 
 161,513 
 
 965,027 
 
 2,229,750 
 
 176,489 
 
 ,199,086 
 
 987,487 
 
 2,363,062 
 
 1913 
 
 1,199,874 
 
 160,949 
 
 1,015,370 
 
 2,376,193 
 
 187,180 
 
 ,229,342 
 
 1,032,794 
 
 2,449,316 
 
 1914 
 
 1,251,649 
 
 144,374 
 
 1,752,397 
 
 3,148,420 
 
 192,066 
 
 ,315,226 
 
 1,240,628 
 
 2,747,920 
 
 1915 
 
 1,277,063 
 
 140,545 
 
 1,248,092 
 
 2,665.700 
 
 199,872 
 
 ,291,406 
 
 1,186,298 
 
 2,677,636 
 
 1916 
 
 1,349,179 
 
 71,632 
 
 1,333,728 
 
 2,754,539 
 
 206,353 
 
 ,291,445 
 
 1,339,883 
 
 2,837,681 
 
 1917 
 
 1,395,723 
 
 68,364 
 
 1,811,935 
 
 3,276,022 
 
 210,034 
 
 ,209,751 
 
 1,210,050 
 
 2,629,835 
 
50 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 VICTORIA. CITIES, TOWNS, BOROUGHS, ROAD BOARDS, AND SHIRES. 
 SUMMARY OF ANNUAL AND TOTAL VALUES, ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND 
 OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1856 TO 1917. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Annual Value. 
 
 Total Value. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1856 .. 
 
 1,544,831* 
 
 
 
 
 
 1857 .. 
 
 3,145,613 
 
 
 
 
 
 1858 .. 
 
 3,406,365 
 
 
 
 
 
 1859 .. 
 
 3,308,059 
 
 
 
 ] [ 
 
 \\ 
 
 1860 .. 
 
 3,131,088 
 
 30,461,708 
 
 
 
 
 1861 .. 
 
 3,482,869 
 
 33,454,762 
 
 
 
 
 1862 .. 
 
 2,193,389* 
 
 18,499,122* 
 
 
 
 
 1863 .. 
 
 3,840,959 
 
 34,842,203 
 
 
 
 
 1864 .. 
 
 3,961,088 
 
 35,415,517 
 
 
 
 
 1865 .. 
 
 4,601,589 
 
 42,073,409 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 1866 .. 
 
 4,524,798 
 
 41,085,029 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 1867 .. 
 
 4,708,981 
 
 42,723,765 
 
 
 
 
 1868 .. 
 
 4,951,448 
 
 44,908,890 
 
 439,871 
 
 478,330 
 
 232,813 
 
 1869 .. 
 
 5,211,638 
 
 47,428,986 
 
 279,158 
 
 434,522 
 
 260,415 
 
 1870 .. 
 
 5,274,287 
 
 48,123,154 
 
 319,348 
 
 424,903 
 
 269,258f 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 5,450,041 
 
 51,791,392 
 
 310,238 
 
 521,202 
 
 284,673 
 
 1872 .. 
 
 5,428,484 
 
 54,656,364 
 
 341,317 
 
 581,360 
 
 311,876 
 
 1873 
 
 5,574,215 
 
 57,801,858 
 
 405,695 
 
 759,393 
 
 387,503 
 
 1874 
 
 5,990,477 
 
 62,020,023 
 
 459,619 
 
 953,429 
 
 432,449 
 
 1875 .. 
 
 6,448,313 
 
 67,592,771 
 
 438,261 
 
 899,246 
 
 587,530 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 6,621,697 
 
 75,216,239 
 
 401,899 
 
 785,303 
 
 613,598 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 6,781,056 
 
 77,614,749 
 
 454,885 
 
 780,442 
 
 593,673 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 7,030,996 
 
 84,433,482 
 
 674,138 
 
 1,006,419 
 
 750,746 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 7,141,549 
 
 82,244,116 
 
 478,874 
 
 872,342 
 
 719,340 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 7,117,946 
 
 83,847,418 
 
 581,854 
 
 991,921 
 
 726,525 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 7,175,289 
 
 87,642,459 
 
 599,981 
 
 964,571 
 
 728,093 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 7,433,812 
 
 91,782,647 
 
 589,470 
 
 1,002,111 
 
 742,911 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 7,692,706 
 
 95,610,959 
 
 654,782 
 
 1,080,047 
 
 776,683 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 8,098,814 
 
 103,795,832 
 
 817,169 
 
 1,360,314 
 
 1,083,613 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 8,793,490 
 
 114,283,570 
 
 932,082 
 
 1,508,965 
 
 1,229,203 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 9,621,135 
 
 125,878,748 
 
 1,177,163 
 
 1,745,163 
 
 1,479,159 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 10,153,771 
 
 137,885,801 
 
 1,184,958 
 
 2,004,670 
 
 1,708,252 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 11,913,473 
 
 167,385,210 
 
 1,542,985 
 
 2,441,340 
 
 2,062,327 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 12,931,526 
 
 187,559,511 
 
 2,190,404 
 
 2,660,350 
 
 2,264,607 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 13,265,543 
 
 194,313,646 
 
 2,759,795 
 
 3,435,054 
 
 2,944,440 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 13,733,770 
 
 203,351,360 
 
 2,776,751 
 
 3,530,232 
 
 3,143,602 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 13,605,990 
 
 197,366,940 
 
 2,952,112 
 
 3,812,058 
 
 3,287,036 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 12,779,600 
 
 189,461,350 
 
 3,161,406 
 
 4,067,037 
 
 3,535,879 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 11,676,079 
 
 174,984,851 
 
 3,185,058 
 
 3,997,769 
 
 3,638,936 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 10,641,200 
 
 167,197,780 
 
 2,633,860 
 
 4,751,506 
 
 4,043,869 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 10,393,000 
 
 168,427,700 
 
 3,781,175 
 
 4,725,971 
 
 4,014,493 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 10,345,535 
 
 171,253,984 
 
 3,910,906 
 
 4,760,827 
 
 4,023,842 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 10,152,500 
 
 168,611,906 
 
 3,799,678 
 
 4,771,690 
 
 4,010,666 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 10,134,108. 
 
 168,456,583 
 
 3,468,175 
 
 4,158,969 
 
 3,850,687 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 10,283,500 
 
 169,911,900 
 
 3,409,994 
 
 4,229,023 
 
 3,923,408 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 10,537,497 
 
 174,141,764 
 
 4,179,148 
 
 4,656,718 
 
 4,272,981 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 10,885,087 
 
 185,101,993 
 
 4,036,749 
 
 4,654,298 
 
 4,272,896 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 11,188,932 
 
 203,902,919 
 
 3,932,062 
 
 4,527,229 
 
 4,212,051 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 11,437,830 
 
 209,143,730 
 
 3,939,125 
 
 4,504,495 
 
 4,205,886 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 11,743,270 
 
 210,920,174 
 
 3,952,301 
 
 4,484,183 
 
 4,186,602 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 11,795,143 
 
 216,615,603 
 
 4,221,006 
 
 4,675,921 
 
 4,375,116 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 12,174,325 
 
 222,598,941 
 
 4,409,947 
 
 4,788,910 
 
 4,442,713 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 12,638,900 
 
 232,725,666 
 
 4,442,630 
 
 4,873,999 
 
 4,437,673 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 13,123,958 
 
 242,688,771 
 
 4,571,308 
 
 4,826,593 
 
 4,416,103 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 13,564,488 
 
 252,006,618 
 
 5,072,180 
 
 5,263,760 
 
 4,767,138 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 14,235,349 
 
 265,083,827 
 
 5,268,625 
 
 5,465,602 
 
 4,831,984 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 14,774,660 
 
 275,078,517 
 
 5,400,238 
 
 5,532,184 
 
 5,011,950 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 15,423,445 
 
 288,372,434 
 
 5,604,269 
 
 6,049,125 
 
 5,259,138 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 16,046,159 
 
 301,918,686 
 
 6,092,023 
 
 6,350,127 
 
 5,617,056 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 16,735,978 
 
 314,600,787 
 
 6,267,648 
 
 6,689,178 
 
 5,739,084 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 16,942,062 
 
 318,960,116 
 
 5,577,435 
 
 6,449,061 
 
 5,869,260 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 17,319,418 
 
 326,415,110 
 
 5,827,358 
 
 6,666,842 
 
 6,030,343 
 
 Exclusive of Road Boards. t Exclusive of Road Boards and Shires. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 51 
 
 (E) Government Expenditure. 
 
 1. Expenditure by Government. In the following table is shewn the expenditure of 
 moneys voted by Parliament for roads and bridges, but not expended by Municipalities 
 or by the Country Roads Board, for the years 1851 to 1915 inclusive : 
 
 VICTORIA. EXPENDITURE BY GOVERNMENT ON ROADS AND BRIDGES, 
 
 1851 TO 1915. 
 
 STear. 
 
 Expenditure 
 
 tear; 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1851 . . 
 
 11,113 
 
 1868.. 
 
 110,548 
 
 1885.. 
 
 40,878 
 
 1902.. 
 
 75,855 
 
 1852 . . 
 
 35,249 
 
 1869.. 
 
 90,735 
 
 1886.. 
 
 41,061 
 
 1903.. 
 
 69,200 
 
 1853 . . 
 
 522,693 
 
 1870.. 
 
 36,832 
 
 1887.. 
 
 40,430 
 
 1904.. 
 
 42,114 
 
 1854 . . 
 
 517,082 
 
 1871.. 
 
 35,328 
 
 1888.. 
 
 53,214 
 
 1905.. 
 
 30,393 
 
 1855 . . 
 
 576,588 
 
 1872.. 
 
 42,192 
 
 1889.. 
 
 80,202 
 
 1906.. 
 
 56,145 
 
 1856 . . 
 
 506,679 
 
 1873.. 
 
 38,125 
 
 1890.. 
 
 99,372 
 
 1907.. 
 
 43,119 
 
 1857 . . 
 
 736,050 
 
 1874.. 
 
 102,922 
 
 1891.. 
 
 26,934 
 
 1908.. 
 
 72,246 
 
 1858 . . 
 
 645,239 
 
 1875.. 
 
 99,451 
 
 1892.. 
 
 30,576 
 
 1909.. 
 
 99,572 
 
 1859 . . 
 
 601,187 
 
 1876.. 
 
 66,690 
 
 1893.. 
 
 28,498 
 
 1910.. 
 
 102,309 
 
 1860 . . 
 
 621,554 
 
 1877.. 
 
 16,759 
 
 1894.. 
 
 22,204 
 
 1911.. 
 
 67,001 
 
 1861 . . 
 
 518,329 
 
 1878.. 
 
 11,888 
 
 1895.. 
 
 11,578 
 
 1912.. 
 
 58,917 
 
 1862 . . 
 
 407,758 
 
 1879.. 
 
 36,885 
 
 1896.. 
 
 12,965 
 
 1913.. 
 
 73,374 
 
 1863 . . 
 
 171,271 
 
 1880.. 
 
 24,945 
 
 1897.. 
 
 21,538 
 
 1914.. 
 
 56,649 
 
 1864 . . 
 
 89,376 
 
 1881.. 
 
 31,631 
 
 1898.. 
 
 20,266 
 
 1915.. 
 
 47,898 
 
 1865 . . 
 
 113,244 
 
 1882.. 
 
 53,017 
 
 1899.. 
 
 32,691 
 
 
 
 1866 . . 
 
 96,898 
 
 1883.. 
 
 62,376 
 
 1900.. 
 
 52,051 
 
 
 
 1867 . . 
 
 47,374 
 
 1884.. 
 
 55,879 
 
 1901.. 
 
 72,890 
 
 
 
 (F) Country Roads Board. 
 
 1. Revenue and Expenditure. The following table shews the revenue and expenditure 
 of the Country Roads Board from 1913 to 191,7 : 
 
 VICTORIA. COUNTRY ROADS BOARD. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1913 TO 1917. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year ending 
 :!0th June. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fees and 
 Licences. 
 
 Munici- 
 palities. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 45,503 
 
 
 
 45,503 
 
 
 1,634 
 
 1,634 
 
 1914 
 
 49,275 
 
 
 26,555 
 
 75,830 
 
 33,930 
 
 11,056 
 
 44,986 
 
 1915 
 
 54,777 
 
 2,467 
 
 352,014 
 
 409,258 
 
 367,625 
 
 23,714 
 
 391,339 
 
 1916 
 
 62,278 
 
 12,847 
 
 605,348 
 
 680,473 
 
 514,264 
 
 105,460 
 
 619,724 
 
 1917 
 
 71,585 
 
 23,527 
 
 211,884 
 
 306,996 
 
 292,534 
 
 87,828 
 
 380,362 
 
 (G) Municipal Tramways. 
 
 1. General. There are at present four municipal Tramway Trusts operating in the 
 suburbs of Melbourne, three of which control electric and the fourth cable tramways. 
 The three former are (a) the Prahran-Malvern ; (b) the Melbourne, Brunswick, and 
 Coburg ; and (c) the Hawthorn Tramway Trusts, while the fourth is owned by the 
 Municipality of Northcote. 
 
52 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 2. The Prahran-Malvern Tramway. This tramway is under the control of a Trust, 
 consisting of seven members appointed from the Councils of Prahran, Malvern, St. Kilda, 
 Caulfield, Hawthorn, Kew, and Camberwell ; it has a track mileage of 60 miles, and was 
 opened for traffic in 1910. 
 
 3. The Melbourne, Brunswick, and Coburg Tramway. This was opened for traffic 
 on the 27th April, 1916, and has a track mileage of 12 miles. 
 
 4. The Hawthorn Tramway. The first section was opened on the 6th April, 1916, 
 and on the 30th September, 1917, there were 18 miles of track mileage. 
 
 5. The Northcote Tramway. This is 2 miles in length, and connects Clifton Hill 
 with Preston. 
 
 6. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following table are given (a) the track 
 mileage ; (b) the capital cost ; (c) the revenue ; and (d) the expenditure of the three 
 Trusts controlling electric tramways in the suburbs of Melbourne for the years 1910 to 
 1917. 
 
 VICTORIA. TRAMWAY TRUSTS (ELECTRIC). MILEAGE, COST OF CONSTRUCTION 
 REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, (910 TO 1917. 
 
 Year ending 
 30th September. 
 
 Miles of Track. 
 (Route). 
 
 Capital Cost. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Working 
 Expenditure 
 (exclusive of 
 
 
 
 
 
 Interest). 
 
 
 Miles. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1910* 
 
 7 
 
 90,000 
 
 20,806 
 
 15,301 
 
 1911 
 
 8f 
 
 131,894 
 
 26,314 
 
 16,518 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 13| 
 
 182,560 
 
 37,876 
 
 24,719 
 
 1913 
 
 30f 
 
 421,141 
 
 59,850 
 
 39,686 
 
 1914 
 
 40|- 
 
 473,516 
 
 108,340 
 
 77,007 
 
 1915 
 
 58 
 
 674,357 
 
 121,016 
 
 86,577 
 
 1916 
 
 82f 
 
 1,047,537 
 
 178,258 
 
 126,123 
 
 1917 
 
 90 
 
 1,178,832 
 
 261,359 
 
 184,061 
 
 Four months. 
 
 3. Queensland. 
 
 (A) Municipalities, Divisions, and Shires. 
 
 1. General Review. Previous to separation, the Acts of New South Wales were in 
 force in Queensland. The New South Wales Municipalities Act 1858 was repealed in 
 1864 by the Municipal Institutions Act, under which new Municipalities, in addition to 
 those already in existence, could be constituted. In the same year an Act was passed 
 constituting Provincial Councils outside of Municipalities, but, as there were no provisions 
 for its enforcement, it became a dead letter. Road Trusts were formed in about 1870 to 
 supervise the expenditure of Government money on roads. In 1878 the Local Government 
 Act was passed, by which Municipalities were divided into Boroughs and Shires, and in 
 the following year, under the Divisional Boards Act, the whole of the Colony outside of 
 existing Boroughs and Shires was divided into Divisions, each with a Divisional Board. 
 The Municipalities Act and the Divisional Boards Act were consolidated in 1902 into the 
 Local Authorities Act, Municipal Boroughs being now termed Cities or Towns, Divisions 
 being renamed Shires. 
 
 No separate Acts have been passed regarding the incorporation of Brisbane as a City, 
 hence Brisbane has always been subject to the same Acts as other Municipalities. 
 
 2. Legislation prior to Separation. Previous to the proclamation of Queensland as a 
 separate Colony, the Acts of New South Wales were in force, including the Municipalities 
 Act 1858. Under this Act two Municipalities Brisbane and Ipswich were incor- 
 porated, and the total number of Municipalities had increased to eight when this Act 
 was repealed in 1864. In 1861 the Municipalities Act 1858 was amended in Queensland, 
 the principal alterations being (a) the abolition of penalties for refusing to accept 
 office ; (6) the power given to Councils to lease unoccupied lands on which rates were in 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 53 
 
 arrears for over four years, and to borrow up to the amount of three years' revenue ; 
 and (c) the endowment, in addition to that authorized by the Act of 1858, of Municipalities 
 with any sum not exceeding one-third of the amount received by the Treasury on account 
 of Crown lands sold within the boundaries of the Municipality. Plumping at elections 
 was prohibited, and every elector had to vote for the full number of candidates to be 
 elected, otherwise his voting paper was rejected. 
 
 :?. Municipal Institutions Act 1864. By this Act the Act of 1858 and its amendment 
 were repealed, but existing Municipalities still retained their status. Any City, Town, or 
 Rural District could be constituted a Municipality on petition of 100 resident householders, 
 provided that it contained not less than 250 inhabitants. Subdivision into Wards was 
 also authorized, two Wards being formed if the population was below 1,000, three if 1,000 
 and under 5,000, and four if 5,000 or over. For each Ward three Aldermen were elected, 
 of whom one retired each year. The Mayor was elected annually by the Aldermen from 
 amongst themselves, while two Auditors were elected annually by the ratepayers. Any 
 voter was qualified to be an Alderman, and for the first election all persons on the electoral 
 roll for the Legislative Assembly were entitled to vote, and at subsequent elections every 
 male person named in the assessment list. Plural voting was in force, one vote being 
 given when the amount paid in rates was less than 5, two votes when 5 and under 10, 
 and three votes when 10 and over. General and special rates could be struck, but 
 neither rate was to exceed one shilling in the pound on the annual value. Borrowing up 
 to the amount of three years' revenue was permitted, provided that the Council collected 
 a general rate not exceeding sixpence in the pound for each half-year until the debt was 
 paid. The Government granted an annual endowment of pound for pound on all the 
 income of the Council, including all rates and subscriptions during the first five years 
 after the incorporation of a Municipality ; this was to be reduced to ten shillings during the 
 second five years, and to five shillings during the third five years, and then to cease. 
 Councils were also entitled to one-third, and in some cases, to one-half, of the receipts by the 
 Treasury for the sale of Crown lands. A Council had the care, construction, &c., of roads, 
 bridges, ferries, cemeteries, baths, water supply, lighting, and sewerage, and was 
 empowered to declare a portion of the Municipality a first class division, in which the 
 erection of inflammatory buildings was prohibited. This Act was amended from time to 
 time, and remained in force until 1878. The more important amendments were as 
 follows : 
 
 In 1865 the Municipality of Brisbane was divided into six Wards, each with two 
 Aldermen, of whom one retired annually, and fresh boundaries were scheduled. Provision 
 was made for the elections of two Assessors by the ratepayers of each Municipality, 
 unless it was divided into Wards, in which case one was elected for each Ward. 
 The management of cemeteries was taken out of the hands of Councils and vested in 
 those of Trustees. 
 
 In 1868 the election of Assessors was taken away from the ratepayers, and the 
 appointment of one or more Assessors was left in the hands of the Council, to be appointed 
 at the first meeting held after the elections ; but this proviso was altered in 1873, so 
 that Assessors could be appointed at any meeting. 
 
 In 1869 Government buildings were exempted from rates. 
 
 In 1872 provision was made by which members of a Council were prohibited from 
 voting on any matter in which they were pecuniarily interested. 
 
 In 1876 the endowment was raised to 2 for every 1 of rates received during the first 
 five years after incorporation, falling to pound for pound for the next five years, and so on. 
 
 4. Provincial Councils Act 1864. Under this Act the Governor was empowered, on 
 the petition of 50 persons qualified to be placed on the electoral roll, to proclaim any 
 portion of the Colony a Province, and to appoint a Council of not less than three nor more 
 then nine members. The accounts of amounts received by the Treasury, except from 
 Customs, by each Province were to be kept separate, and a portion placed to the credit 
 of each Province. The Government was empowered to place sums to the credit of a 
 Provincial Council for any specific object, and the Council was also permitted to borrow 
 when the cost of any public works exceeded the amount at its disposal, provided that the 
 tolls levied were sufficient to pay interest and sinking fund. 
 
 One Council only, that of Peak Downs, was formed, and after spending 2,000, which 
 had been placed to its credit by the Government, collapsed. The Act was repealed in 
 1878. 
 
54 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 5. Road Trusts. For several years from about 1870 bodies of local men formed 
 themselves into what were termed Road Trusts. In each Trust one member was elected 
 Chairman, and his appointment had to receive the approval of the Minister for Works. 
 These Trusts were created for the purpose of supervising minor improvements, thus 
 obviating the appointment of a permanent Government Inspector on such works (such 
 as a few miles of roads, culverts, &c.). The necessary money obtained from the Govern- 
 ment was disbursed by the Trust, the pay-sheets for the men's wages being certified to 
 by the Chairman, who was held responsible for the due performance of the work, the 
 pay-sheets being subsequently forwarded to the Works Department for payment. 
 
 There does not appear to have been any special Act constituting these Trusts. 
 
 In the following table is shewn the number of these Trusts for the years 1871 to 1880, 
 together with their expenditure : 
 
 QUEENSLAND. ROAD TRUSTS. NUMBER AND EXPENDITURE, 1871 TO 1880. 
 
 
 Southern Division. 
 
 Central Division. 
 
 Northern Districts. 
 
 All Districts. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Number 
 
 
 Number 
 
 
 Number 
 
 
 Number 
 
 
 
 of 
 
 Trusts. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 of 
 Trusts. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 of 
 Trusts. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 of 
 Trusts. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 1871 
 
 78 
 
 18,191 
 
 18 
 
 4,641 
 
 . . 
 
 
 96 
 
 22,832 
 
 1872 
 
 104 
 
 13,244 
 
 14 
 
 2,021 
 
 2 
 
 2,563 
 
 120 
 
 17,828 
 
 1873 
 
 72 
 
 12,724 
 
 14 
 
 2,598 
 
 1 
 
 1,912 
 
 87 
 
 17,234 
 
 1874 . . 
 
 60 
 
 4,324 
 
 10 
 
 416 
 
 1 
 
 379 
 
 71 
 
 5,119 
 
 1875 . . 
 
 2 
 
 726 
 
 . . 
 
 
 1 
 
 3,449 
 
 3 
 
 4,175 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 1 
 
 432 
 
 
 
 . 2 
 
 4,308 
 
 3 
 
 4,740 
 
 1877 
 
 4 
 
 529 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 464 
 
 5 
 
 993 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 1 
 
 610 
 
 
 . . 
 
 3 
 
 1,354 
 
 4 
 
 1,964 
 
 1879 . . 
 
 2 
 
 697 
 
 
 . . 
 
 6 
 
 3,258 
 
 8 
 
 3,955 
 
 1880 . . 
 
 1 
 
 1,288 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 3,088 
 
 8 
 
 4,376 
 
 6. Local Government Act 1878. By this Act all previous Acts were repealed, existing 
 Municipalities, of which there were eighteen, remaining legally incorporated. Munici- 
 palities were divided into Boroughs and Shires, the former comprising Towns and the latter 
 Country Districts, each with a Council of from six to twelve members, and capable of 
 being subdivided into four Wards or Divisions ; Brisbane, however, retained its six Wards. 
 The members of the Council were called Aldermen in Boroughs and Councillors in Shires. 
 The Governor was empowered to alter boundaries, to unite Municipalities, &c., but 
 could not constitute a new Municipality without petition unless the area contained at least 
 500 resident inhabitants. With certain exceptions, every male person who was a 
 natural-born or naturalized subject, registered as a voter, was qualified to be a Councillor. 
 One-third of the Councillors retired annually. Both males and females were enrolled as 
 voters, provided that they were of the full age of 21 and liable to be rated. Each elector 
 was entitled to one vote if his property was rated on an annual value of less than 50, to 
 two votes if on a value of 50 and less than 100, and to three votes if on a value of 100 
 and over. No person was entitled to be enrolled unless the annual rateable value was 
 10 in a City or Town and 2 in a Shire. The Chairman was elected annually by the 
 Councillors from among their number, and called in the case of a City or Borough " The 
 Mayor," and in the case of a Shire " The President." Two Auditors were elected 
 annually by the ratepayers. General rates were levied, but were not to exceed one shilling 
 nor be less than sixpence in the pound on the annual value. Separate and special rates 
 could also be struck. Power was given to borrow from the Consolidated Revenue on the 
 security of special loan rates. The endowment from Government was fixed at 2 for every 
 pound of rates collected during the first five years after incorporation, subsequently an 
 amount equal to that collected. The Council was charged with the care, construction, 
 and maintenance of all public highways, streets, roads, bridges, ferries, wharves, and 
 jetties, with the exception of proclaimed main roads. Tolls and dues could be collected 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 55 
 
 on roads, markets, &c. The construction of sewers and provision for water supply were 
 vested in the Council, with power to levy special rates. Various amendments were made 
 to this Act, of which the more important details are given hereunder. 
 
 In 1881 the endowment on rates other than on general rates ceased. 
 
 In 1886 a Council was empowered to make by-laws, inter alia, regulating and licensing 
 porters and vehicles plying for hire, also registering goats and dogs. 
 
 In 1887 the rate of endowment was altered, and the amount not fixed, but the 
 maximum was limited to pound for pound on the rates collected. The sum of 85,000 
 was made available for each of the years 1889 and 1890, and divided among the 
 Municipalities in proportion to the sums raised by rates, both general and special or 
 sewerage or drainage. 
 
 The Tramways Act 1882 empowered a Municipality (a) to construct tramways, 
 (6) to purchase same from a company fourteen years after the tramway had been 
 completed, and (c) to borrow money from the Colonial Treasurer for such purposes. 
 
 With regard to loans for public works, a special Act passed in 1 880 divided such works 
 into six classes, and prescribed periods during which a loan had to be repaid. In Class I. 
 this period was fixed at 40 years, in Class II. at 30 years, in Class III. at 21 years, in 
 ( l,;<s IV. at 14 years, in Class V. at 10 years, and in Class VI. at 5 years. In 1890 the 
 period for Classes IV. and V. was increased to 21 years, and for Class VI. to 10 years. 
 
 In 1890 a change was made in the system of valuation. Instead of assessing on the 
 annual value } assessments were made on the fair average unimproved value, and on this 
 basis they are still being made. No general rate in a Municipality could exceed twopence 
 in the pound, and a rate of not less than one halfpenny must be struck. The total amount 
 of all special rates, not being separate or special water rates, must not exceed one 
 penny in the pound. 
 
 The Local Government Act 1878 was in force until repealed and replaced by the 
 Local Authorities Act 1902. 
 
 7. Divisional Boards Act 1879. Under this Act the Governor was authorized to 
 constitute any portion of the Colony outside of an existing Municipality a Division, with 
 a Board of not less than three nor more than nine members, and capable of being 
 subdivided into three subdivisions. The provisions for the qualifications of members of 
 the. Board and of voters were the same as those under the Local Government Act 
 1878, but there was one important alteration, inasmuch as postal voting was substituted 
 for voting in person ; in other respects the provisions regarding voting were the same. 
 A maximum general rate of one shilling in the pound of the annual value could be 
 struck, and the minimum rate was fixed at fourpence in the pound. The Government 
 provided for a free grant equal to one shilling in the pound of the annual values, also 
 for an endowment to the amount of 2 for every 1 of rates for the first five years, and 
 thereafter 1 for every 1. Loans could be obtained from the Treasury, but must not 
 exceed a capital amount, the interest of which at 5 per cent, would be equal to an 
 amount represented by the net revenue yielded by works and services previously 
 carried out on loan in the Division, added to the amount of rates actually collected for 
 the year then last past. 
 
 As soon as this Act was passed, the Colonial Secretan^ cut up the entire area of the" 
 Colony outside the boundaries of existing Municipalities into Divisions and proclaimed 
 74 Divisional Boards, each with three subdivisions and nine members. In about half the 
 Divisions the members of the Board were elected by the ratepayers, and, as in the 
 other half the ratepayers failed to elect members, they were appointed by the Governor, 
 as he was empowered to do so in such cases. 
 
 In 1880, the classification of the periods for the redemption of loans for public works 
 in Municipalities was extended to Divisions. 
 
 In 1882 an important amendment was made, defining main roads as those not less 
 than 30 miles in length leading from one town to another. This amendment exempted 
 a Divisional Board from the care and control of any main road, the area of rateable land 
 within 10 miles on either side of which was less than one-twentieth of the whole land 
 within that limit for a distance of 20 miles. Main roads, the total rates on lands within 
 10 miles of which were less than 5 per mile for 20 miles, were also exempted. 
 
 The Governor could appoint inspectors to report on works before advancing on loan, 
 and, on petition of the Board or of a majority of ratepayers, personal voting at a booth 
 could be substituted for postal voting. 
 
56 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 8. Divisional Boards Act 1887. This Act consolidated and amended the previous 
 Acts relating to Divisional Boards. It empowered the Governor upon petition to unite, 
 divide, or abolish Divisions, and to alter boundaries. Provision was made for voting 
 both personally and by post. The amount granted as endowment was not fixed, but 
 was to be determined annually by Parliament ; the maximum amount being at the rate 
 of 2 for every 1 of rates raised, other than loan rates, during the first ten years after the 
 first constitution of the Division, and 1 for 1 subsequently, the amount voted being 
 divided proportionately among the Divisions. For each of the years 1889 and 1890, the 
 endowment was fixed at 165,000. In other respects the provisions of the previous Acts 
 remained unchanged. 
 
 Similar amendments to those made in the case of Municipalities were made with 
 regard to classification of public works and the assessment on the unimproved capital 
 value instead of on the annual value. 
 
 9. Local Authorities Act 1902. This Act consolidated and amended both the Local 
 Government Act 1878 and the Divisional Boards Act 1887 with their amendments. 
 With amendments since made from time to time it is the Act at present in force. Details 
 of its more important provisions are given in the following paragraphs : 
 
 (i) Constitution of Local Authorities. Municipalities, other than Shires, existing at 
 the time of the passing of the Act in 1902, are now termed Towns, and existing Shires and 
 Divisions are termed Shires. Both classes continue their functions under the provisions 
 of the new Act. All joint Local Authorities remain such for the purposes of the Act, and 
 are deemed to be constituted thereunder. The Governor may proclaim a Town to be 
 a City, and the Act declares the areas of Brisbane, Townsville, and Rockhampton to be 
 Cities. 
 
 A Town or Shire may be divided into divisions, which are termed Wards in a Town 
 and Divisions in a Shire. As the whole of Queensland had already been divided into 
 Municipalities and Divisions, there is nothing in the Act specifically defining the area 
 which may constitute a Town or Shire. 
 
 (ii) Eeconstitution of Areas. By Order in Council, the Governor may (a) constitute 
 a Town or Shire ; (b) unite or divide areas ; (c) alter the boundaries of areas and 
 divisions ; (d) abolish areas ; and (e) constitute a Shire a Town, or a Town a Shire. 
 A poll of ratepayers may be taken regarding the abolition of divisions. On the division, 
 &c., of areas the Governor apportions the assets and liabilities. 
 
 (iii) Constitution of Councils. In a Town the Council consists of from six to twelve 
 members, termed Aldermen, and if the Town is divided into Wards each Ward has three 
 Aldermen, but if not so divided, the number is fixed at seven, nine, or eleven. The 
 number of members of a Shire Council is from five to twelve, and they are named 
 Councillors. If the Shire is divided, there are three Councillors for each Division, 
 otherwise there are five, seven, or nine members. Members are elected for three 
 years, and in a divided area one Councillor for each Ward retires annually, but in an 
 area which is not divided one-third of the whole number of Councillors retire annually if 
 the number of members is a multiple of three, otherwise two out of five, three out of 
 seven or eight, and four out of ten or eleven retire annually. On petition of at least 
 one-fifth of the ratepayers the Governor may cause all the members to go out of office 
 and a fresh election to be held. The Chairman is appointed at the first meeting after 
 the annual election by the members of the Board from among their number, and in a 
 City or Town is styled the Mayor. Any male natural born or naturalized British subject 
 of the age of 21, who is a ratepayer, and any person who is entitled to vote in respect of 
 land whereof a corporation or joint- stock company is occupier or owner, is qualified as 
 a member of the Board, unless he is (a) concerned in the profit of any contract with 
 the Local Authority ; (b) an uncertificated insolvent ; (c) undergoing a sentence of 
 imprisonment ; or (d) insane. 
 
 (iv) Qualifications of Voters. Every person, whether male or female, of the age of 
 21 years, who is a natural-born or naturalized British subject, and whose name appears 
 in the rate book as the owner or occupier of rateable land, is entitled to vote, provided 
 that all rates have been paid by the 31st of December preceding the annual elections in 
 February, or fourteen days before the date of nomination in the case of an extraordinary 
 election. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 57 
 
 A voter is entitled to one vote in respect of land valued for rating purposes at less 
 than 500, to two votes in respect of land valued at 500 and under 1,000, and to three 
 votes in respect of land valued at 1,000 or more. 
 
 (v) Election of Members. Elections are held annually in February, and voting may 
 be by either personal or postal ballot. In Cities and Towns and some Shires the former 
 system only is in vogue, while in certain Shires the latter system is in force. Voters 
 must vote for neither more than nor less than the full number of candidates to be 
 elected. 
 
 (vi) Powers and Duties of Local Authorities. A Local Authority may provide offices 
 and may enter into contracts. It is charged with the construction, maintenance, manage- 
 ment and control of all roads, bridges, culverts, ferries, wharves, jetties, and other 
 necessary public works within the area, with the exception of those which the Governor, 
 by Proclamation, excepts from its jurisdiction. It may accept gifts and trusts and may 
 acquire land and buildings for a number of purposes, such as baths, cemeteries, 
 crematories, electrical works, experimental farms, flood gates, hydraulic power, markets, 
 museums, parks, omnibus services, pounds, sewers, waterworks, &c. It may let wharves 
 on lease for a period up to 21 years, and ferries up to fourteen years. Bridges or ferries 
 at the boundary of an area may be placed by the Governor under the exclusive control 
 of one Local Authority. The Governor may vest a Local Authority with the manage- 
 ment and control of reserves, cemeteries, parks, and other public property. A Local 
 Authority may also provide places of public recreation, and may aid hospitals, schools 
 of art, museums, public libraries and public societies founded for the purpose of insuring 
 the supply of pure milk or food. One-fifth of the ratepayers may by petition request 
 the Local Authority to provide a park, in which case a poll is to be taken. The manage- 
 ment and control of pounds is also vested in a Local Authority, while such duties as the 
 burial of destitute persons, the erection of statues, monuments, public clocks, and 
 fountains, the distribution of plants and seeds, the provision of markets, the supply of 
 light or hydraulic power, the eradication of noxious weeds, and the establishment of 
 omnibus services may be undertaken by a Local Authority. 
 
 (vii) Valuations and Rates. The unimproved capital value of all land must be 
 determined at least once in every three years in a Town, and at least once in every five 
 years in a Shire, by a valuer, who must not be a member of the Council. The " unimproved 
 value " of any rateable land is estimated at the fair average value of unimproved land of 
 the same quality held in fee simple in the same neighbourhood. Land held under gold- 
 mining lease or Crown lease is valued at twenty times the annual rental. Land held 
 under tenure peculiar to gold or mineral fields may, at the option of the Local Authority, 
 be valued (a) as ordinary land in the same neighbourhood ; (b) at one and a-half times 
 the value of land of the same quality ; or (c) at twenty times the annual rent. The 
 minimum valuation is fixed at 30 in a Town, and 20 in a Shire. 
 
 All land is rateable except (a) Crown land which is unoccupied or used for public 
 purposes ; (b) land in occupation of the Crown ; (c) land in occupation for public purposes ; 
 (d) land vested in or in occupation of or held in trust for a Local Authority ; (e) commons ; 
 (/) land not exceeding 50 acres in area and used exclusively for public worship, for 
 educational purposes, or for an orphanage, mechanics' institute, school of arts, technical 
 school or college, school of mines, public school or library ; and (g) land used exclusively 
 for cemeteries. 
 
 Rates are of two kinds, general and special. 
 
 (a) General Rates. A general rate must be made and levied equally upon all rateable 
 land in the area, and must not be less than one half -penny nor more than sixpence in the 
 pound on the unimproved value, with a minimum amount of five shillings. When an 
 area is divided the amounts of the rates levied in the several divisions need not be the 
 same, but all general rates made and levied in respect of a division must be made and 
 levied equally upon all rateable land in that division. 
 
 Special provisions are made for the rates to be paid on tramways and other public 
 conveniences. A tramway company pays, in lieu of rates, a sum equal tb 1 per cent, 
 of the gross earnings divided among the Local Authorities in which it operates according 
 to the route mileage in each area. A gas company, pays according to the size of its 
 mains from 1 per mile for 3-in. mains to 8 per mile for mains over 9 inches in diameter. 
 An electric light company pays the same amount for wires enclosed in pipes as a gas 
 
58 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 company, also for overhead wires five shillings per mile, and for unenclosed underground 
 wires 1 per mile. A hydraulic power company pays for high pressure mains 5 per 
 mile diiring the first ten years, and 10 per mile thereafter. 
 
 (b) Special Hates. These may be levied for the purposes (i) of defraying the cost of 
 constructing and maintaining sewerage or drainage, and works for the manufacture, 
 conservation and supply of gas, electricity, or hydraulic or other power; (ii) of 
 watering, cleansing, or lighting roads ; (iii) of establishing parks, gardens, baths, 
 libraries, or other places of recreation or improvement ; (iv) of the eradication of noxious 
 plants ; (v) of the destruction and prevention of pests ; (vi) of the alignment of roads ; 
 and (vii) of the establishment and maintenance of omnibus services. 'A special rate 
 may be levied, either on the rateable part of the area benefited only, or equally 
 on all rateable land under the jurisdiction of the Council. It may be struck also 
 for the purpose of defraying any expense incurred under the Health Act. A special 
 cleansing rate may be levied when a Local Authority undertakes or contracts for the 
 removal of house refuse, night-soil, &c., but in lieu of such a rate the cost of cleansing 
 may be charged directly on the occupier. A special water rate may be levied on all 
 rateable lands within 300 feet of a water main, but such a rate need not necessarily be 
 assessed according to the value of the land. 
 
 For the purpose of providing the annual instalments payable in respect of a loan, a 
 special loan rate is to be collected, and if a Local Authority fails to collect such a rate the 
 Colonial Treasurer is empowered to do so. 
 
 (viii) Borrowing Powers. A Local Authority may borrow money in two ways, either 
 by a loan from the Treasury or by means of debentures. In the former case the total 
 amount that may be advanced by the Treasurer must not exceed five times the ordinary 
 annual revenue of the Local Authority, unless the net revenue from the undertaking for 
 which the .loan is raised is sufficient to pay the interest and annual instalments for the 
 repayment of the loan. 
 
 Before borrowing by the sale of debentures, permission must be obtained from the 
 Governor, and opportunity must be given for taking a poll of the ratepayers, which 
 may be demanded by owners of rateable land having in the aggregate twenty votes. 
 The amount which may be borrowed on overdraft must not exceed the ordinary 
 revenue of the Local Authority for the year then last past. 
 
 (ix) Tramways. Upon a petition by ratepayers representing not less than one-third 
 of all the votes, the Council may apply to the Governor for the constitution of a 
 Tramway Area. The question whether such area be constituted must be referred to a 
 poll if a counter petition of ratepayers holding in the aggregate twenty votes be 
 presented. The Tramway Area is placed under the control of the Local Authority, or 
 if it is not included wholly within the area of one Authority, under a joint Local Authority. 
 Loans not exceeding 5,000 per mile of tramway may be granted by the Treasurer, or money 
 may be raised by debentures. A Tramway rate may be levied, and in valuing lands 
 for such rate the enhancement of value which the tramway when constructed will effect 
 is to be included in the valuation. Any surplus after payment of expenses, interest, and 
 instalment of loan is to be paid in the first place to a sinking fund until the loan is 
 paid off, then towards the repayment of all tramway rates with 4 per cent, interest, and 
 thereafter into the local or common fund. 
 
 (x) Agricultural Drainage. Upon petition presented to a Local Authority by the 
 ratepayers rated as owners in respect of land situated within a watershed, the Local 
 Authority is required to appoint a proper person to prepare a scheme of drainage of such 
 watershed, and a valuer to determine the amount of improvement which such proposed 
 scheme would effect. The money necessary for carrying out the scheme may be 
 raised either by separate rates on the lands affected, or by a loan from the Treasury 
 repayable within 30 years. 
 
 (xi) Joint Action. A Joint Local Authority may be constituted for the following 
 purposes : (a) the formation and maintenance of boundary roads and bridges and main 
 roads, (b) boundary ferries, (c) sewerage and drainage works, (d) tramways, (e) eradication 
 of noxious weeds, (/) prevention and destruction of pests, (g) establishment and mainten- 
 ance of pounds and omnibus services, (h) administrative purposes, and (i) public works. 
 A Joint Local Authority is constituted by the Governor, after the proposed work or 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 59 
 
 undertaking has been reported on by an inspector. The area included under its juris- 
 diction and the composition of the Board are also determined by the Governor. The 
 representatives are elected by the several Local Authorities concerned from among their 
 members. A poll of ratepayers may be demanded, and if three-fifths of the votes are 
 cast against the constitution of the Joint Local Authority no action shall be taken. The 
 expenses of a Joint Authority are defrayed proportionately by the Local Authorities 
 concerned, but the amount must not exceed a sum equivalent to twopence in the pound 
 of the unimproved value of the rateable land within the area of the Joint Local 
 Authority. 
 
 10. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following tables are shewn separately (i) the 
 area, estimated population, number of electors, estimated number of dwellings, and 
 length of roads in (a) Municipalities from 1860 to 1879, Municipal Boroughs and Shires 
 from 1880 to 1902, and Cities and Towns from 1903 to 1917, exclusive of the City of 
 Brisbane ; and (6) Divisions for the years 1881 to 1902 and Shires from 1903 to 1917 ; 
 (ii) the revenue and expenditure (a) of Municipalities from 1860 to 1879, of Municipal 
 Boroughs and Municipal Shires from 1880 to 1902 ; and of Cities and Towns from 1903 
 to 1917, exclusive of the City of Brisbane; and (6) of Divisions from 1881 to 1902, and of 
 Shires from 1903 to 1917 ; and (iii) the annual value, unimproved capital value, assets, 
 liabilities, and outstanding loans from Government (a) of Municipalities from 1860 to 
 1879 ; (6) of Municipal Boroughs and Municipal Shires from 1880 to 1902; (c) of Cities 
 and Towns from 1903 to 1917, exclusive of the City of Brisbane ; (d) of Divisions from 
 1881 to 1902 ; and (e) of Shires from 1903 to 1917. 
 
 Details as to outstanding loans other than those due to Government are not available 
 over a series of years, but at the end of 1917 they amounted to 353,736. Prior to 1884 
 outstanding loans are not included in all cases under the heading of liabilities. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. MUNICIPALITIES, CITIES, AND TOWNS (EXCLUSIVE OF 
 BRISBANE). AREA, POPULATION, ETC., I860 TO 1917. 
 
 
 Number of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Year ending 31st 
 December. 
 
 .% ^. ^. ^ 
 
 ftjLfif 
 
 s7 t^ 
 
 a s 
 
 Area. 
 
 Estimated 
 Population 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Electors. 
 
 Estimated 
 Number 
 of 
 Dwellings. 
 
 Length 
 of 
 Roads. 
 
 liiiijg 
 
 =li| 
 
 
 5 00 = c X .- C. 
 
 s -a GO $ ci 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 s ^ d-H c 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 Sq. Mis. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 1860 
 
 1 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 960 
 
 
 
 1861 .. 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 1,158 
 
 . 
 
 
 1862 .. 
 
 6 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 1,656 
 
 . 
 
 
 1863 
 
 7 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 2,126 
 
 . 
 
 
 1864 
 
 9 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . 
 
 3,382 
 
 . . 
 
 
 1865 
 
 9 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 4,802 
 
 . . 
 
 
 1866 
 
 10 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 4,750 
 
 . . 
 
 
 1867 
 
 12 
 
 . . 
 
 126 
 
 21,271 
 
 5,711 
 
 5,447 
 
 . . 
 
 1868 
 
 13 
 
 
 126 
 
 24,535 
 
 6,022 
 
 5,209 
 
 
 1869 
 
 15 
 
 
 133 
 
 25,073 
 
 5,899 
 
 5,48 J 
 
 513 
 
 1870 
 
 15 
 
 
 199 
 
 27,093 
 
 5,807 
 
 5,882 
 
 521 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 15 
 
 
 216 
 
 27,584 
 
 7,126 
 
 6,126 
 
 517 
 
 1872 
 
 16 
 
 
 240 
 
 29,624 
 
 6,703 
 
 6,947 
 
 613 
 
 1873 
 
 16 
 
 
 240 
 
 32,448 
 
 6,987 
 
 6,780 
 
 552 
 
 1874 
 
 15 
 
 . 
 
 228 
 
 31,748 
 
 7,130 
 
 6,649 
 
 505 
 
 1875 
 
 15 
 
 
 228 
 
 34,711 
 
 7,673 
 
 7,213 
 
 505 
 
 1876 
 
 15 
 
 
 229 
 
 37,083 
 
 , 7,864 
 
 7,921 
 
 542 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 17 
 
 . . 
 
 249 
 
 44,358 
 
 8,759 
 
 9,137 
 
 564 
 
 1878 
 
 . 17 
 
 . . 
 
 249 
 
 44,855 
 
 7,087 
 
 9,505 
 
 568 
 
 1879 
 
 17 
 
 
 249 
 
 46,465 
 
 5,246 
 
 9,779 
 
 563 
 
60 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. MUNICIPALITIES, CITIES, AND TOWNS (EXCLUSIVE OF 
 BRISBANE). AREA, POPULATION, ETC., 1860 TO 1917 continued. 
 
 
 Number of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Year ending 31st 
 December. 
 
 tful 
 
 1 1 i 
 
 Area. 
 
 Estimated 
 Population 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Electors. 
 
 Estimated 
 Number 
 of 
 Dwellings. 
 
 Length 
 of 
 Roads. 
 
 
 * (A ^ rk 02 Jj 
 
 ^ So fl co 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Illlltt 
 
 Hill 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, MUNICIPAL BOROUGHS, AND MUNICIPAL SHIRES. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 Sq. Mis. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 1880 . . 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 *234 
 
 *55,331 
 
 *6,717 
 
 *1 1,030 
 
 *594 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 231 
 
 63,271 
 
 6,846 
 
 12,732 
 
 *612 
 
 1882 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 231 
 
 66,222 
 
 7,231 
 
 14,257 
 
 699 
 
 1883 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 262 
 
 70,544 
 
 8,392 
 
 15,042 
 
 746 
 
 1884 
 
 22 
 
 3 
 
 337 
 
 78,409 
 
 9,348 
 
 18,146 
 
 866 
 
 1885 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 374 
 
 89,680 
 
 10,236 
 
 17,896 
 
 999 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 352 
 
 95,782 
 
 11,068 
 
 19,282 
 
 1,038 
 
 1887 
 
 24 
 
 2 
 
 325 
 
 107,534 
 
 11,865 
 
 22,408 
 
 918 
 
 1888 ... 
 
 26 
 
 5 
 
 382 
 
 139,210 
 
 16,688 
 
 27,659 
 
 ,183 
 
 1889 
 
 27 
 
 7 
 
 398 
 
 127,971 
 
 18,470 
 
 30,550 
 
 ,254 
 
 1890 
 
 28 
 
 7 
 
 402 
 
 155,897 
 
 19,751 
 
 30,249 
 
 ,256 
 
 1891 
 
 28 
 
 7 
 
 417 
 
 142,511 
 
 18,836 
 
 32,148 
 
 ,294 
 
 1892 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 412 
 
 145,137 
 
 17,715 
 
 32,918 
 
 ,302 
 
 1893 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 412 
 
 155,747 
 
 16,570 
 
 32,910 
 
 ,302 
 
 1894 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 441 
 
 161,048 
 
 17,585 
 
 33,067 
 
 ,377 
 
 1895 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 429 
 
 161,278 
 
 18,554 
 
 33,425 
 
 ,414 
 
 1896 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 429 
 
 163,412 
 
 18,995 
 
 34,163 
 
 ,405 
 
 1897 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 429 
 
 170,259 
 
 20,152 
 
 35,364 
 
 ,410 
 
 1898 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 427 
 
 172,850 
 
 20,192 
 
 36,315 
 
 ,388 
 
 1899 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 427 
 
 177,582 
 
 21,209 
 
 36,744 
 
 ,389 
 
 1900 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 427 
 
 180,690 
 
 22,239 
 
 37,515 
 
 ,425 
 
 1901 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 399 
 
 175,918 
 
 22,976 
 
 33,771 
 
 ,435 
 
 1902 
 
 30 
 
 7 
 
 920 
 
 198,858 
 
 26,278 
 
 39,080 
 
 ,608 
 
 CITIES AND TOWNS. 
 
 1903 
 
 3 
 
 29 
 
 356 
 
 170,186 
 
 22,210 
 
 32,650 
 
 1,178 
 
 1904 ... 
 
 5 
 
 29 
 
 348 
 
 184,955 
 
 47,083 
 
 35,492 
 
 1,266 
 
 1905 
 
 7 
 
 27 
 
 349 
 
 187,230 
 
 48,100 
 
 36,413 
 
 1,266 
 
 1906 
 
 7 
 
 27 
 
 349 
 
 189,664 
 
 47,673 
 
 36,957 
 
 1,266 
 
 1907 
 
 7 
 
 27 
 
 349 
 
 194,419 
 
 46,040 
 
 37,240 
 
 1,317 
 
 1908 
 
 7 
 
 27 
 
 349 
 
 198,946 
 
 46,345 
 
 38,370 
 
 1,420 
 
 1909 
 
 8 
 
 25 
 
 379 
 
 204,353 
 
 47,559 
 
 37,966 
 
 1,357 
 
 1910 
 
 8 
 
 24 
 
 359 
 
 209,993 
 
 49,407 
 
 39,010 
 
 1,372 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 8 24 
 
 359 
 
 192,166 
 
 50,431 
 
 40,283 
 
 1,374 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 8 
 
 24 
 
 360 
 
 210,489 
 
 50,316 
 
 42,768 
 
 1,404 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 9 
 
 27 
 
 398 
 
 233,620 
 
 61,719 
 
 50,340 
 
 1,542 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 9 
 
 28 
 
 413 
 
 239,540 
 
 61,685 
 
 52,553 
 
 1,573 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 9 
 
 27 
 
 394 
 
 248,554 
 
 60,783 
 
 54,460 
 
 1,544 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 9 
 
 27 
 
 390 
 
 254,208 
 
 63,817 
 
 52,171 
 
 1,562 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 9 25 
 
 400 
 
 281,082 
 
 70,887 
 
 51,241 
 
 1,981 
 
 Exclusive of Municipal ShireS. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 61 
 
 QUEENSLAND. DIVISIONS AND SHIRES. AREA, POPULATION, ELECTORS, AND 
 DWELLINGS, 1881 TO 1917. 
 
 
 Number 
 
 
 
 
 Estimated 
 
 Year ending 31st Dcn-mbcr. 
 
 of 
 
 Divisions 
 
 Area. 
 
 Estimated 
 Population. 
 
 Number of 
 Electors. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 
 
 or Shires. 
 
 
 
 
 Dwellings. 
 
 DIVISIONS. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 Sq. Miles. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 1881 
 
 76 
 
 430,904 
 
 131,675 
 
 30,301 
 
 23,439 
 
 1882 
 
 77 
 
 457,424 
 
 143,177 
 
 33,029 
 
 25,913 
 
 1883 
 
 80 
 
 554,333 
 
 149,159 
 
 37,106 
 
 29,409 
 
 1884 
 
 85 
 
 555,546 
 
 157,625 
 
 40,760 
 
 32,263 
 
 1885 
 
 89 
 
 553,586 
 
 175,511 
 
 49,139 
 
 36,660 
 
 1886 
 
 91 
 
 606,089 
 
 195,532 
 
 54,418 
 
 39,282 
 
 1887 
 
 103 
 
 607,767 
 
 200,038 
 
 54,258 
 
 41,045 
 
 1888 
 
 102 
 
 661,956 
 
 192,894 
 
 59,615 
 
 41,457 
 
 1889 
 
 105 
 
 663,012 
 
 196,995 
 
 57,469 
 
 41,313 
 
 1890 
 
 113 
 
 663,033 
 
 211,297 
 
 63,097 
 
 46,090 
 
 1891 
 
 116 
 
 667,832 
 
 221,975 
 
 61,571 
 
 46,062 
 
 1892 
 
 117 
 
 667,847 
 
 218,506 
 
 62,592 
 
 49,218 
 
 1893 
 
 117 
 
 667,837 
 
 221,942 
 
 66,692 
 
 50,044 
 
 1894 
 
 117 
 
 667,808 
 
 225,703 
 
 68,850 
 
 52,806 
 
 1895 
 
 117 
 
 667,821 
 
 232,515 
 
 71,973 
 
 52,622 
 
 1896 
 
 117 
 
 667,821 
 
 239,668 
 
 73,576 
 
 53,490 
 
 1897 
 
 117 
 
 667,821 
 
 242,934 
 
 74,586 
 
 55,190 
 
 1898 
 
 117 
 
 667,823 
 
 252^817 
 
 75,336 
 
 57,800 
 
 1899 
 
 118 
 
 667,823 
 
 264,078 
 
 78,768 
 
 58,660 
 
 1900 
 
 120 
 
 667,823 
 
 269,795 
 
 82,087 
 
 60,507 
 
 1901 
 
 120 
 
 667,851 
 
 296,639 
 
 82,320 
 
 61,805 
 
 1902 
 
 122 
 
 667,329 
 
 267,077 
 
 80,743 
 
 59,845 
 
 SHIRES. 
 
 1903 
 
 127 
 
 667,891 
 
 290,009 
 
 90,607 
 
 66,224 
 
 1904 
 
 125 
 
 667,898 
 
 271,529 
 
 87,003 
 
 63,687 
 
 1905 
 
 125 
 
 667,898 
 
 290,576 
 
 89,896 
 
 64,844 
 
 1906 
 
 126 
 
 669,901 
 
 306,212 
 
 92,792 
 
 68,211 
 
 1907 
 
 126 
 
 669,901 
 
 318,336 
 
 94,839 
 
 67,666 
 
 1908 
 
 126 
 
 669,901 
 
 333,619 
 
 96,853 
 
 72,219 
 
 1909 
 
 128 
 
 669,870 
 
 344,752 
 
 103,931 
 
 75,587 
 
 1910 
 
 131 
 
 669,890 
 
 358,085 
 
 108,702 
 
 78,704 
 
 1911 
 
 133 
 
 669,890 
 
 368,292 
 
 111,477 
 
 79,519 
 
 1912 
 
 139 
 
 669,528 
 
 393,172 
 
 116,538 
 
 84,709 
 
 1913 
 
 140 
 
 669,490 
 
 399,305 
 
 120,045 
 
 86,464 
 
 1914 
 
 144 
 
 669,476 
 
 411,093 
 
 126,695 
 
 88,987 
 
 1915 
 
 147 
 
 669,494 
 
 428,007 
 
 126,309 
 
 91,991 
 
 1916 
 
 149 
 
 669,499 
 
 420,377 
 
 131,660 
 
 93,774 
 
 1917 
 
 139 
 
 669,488 
 
 409,845 
 
 130,524 
 
 90,563 
 
62 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. MUNICIPALITIES, CITIES, AND TOWNS (EXCLUSIVE OF 
 BRISBANE). REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, I860 TO 1917. 
 
 Yeir 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 ending 
 31st 
 Decem- 
 ber. 
 
 Rates. 
 General, 
 Special, 
 and 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 Separate. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1860 .. 
 
 682 
 
 500 
 
 200 
 
 1,382 
 
 394 1,342 56 
 
 1,792 
 
 1861 .. 
 
 1,876 
 
 4,427 
 
 121 
 
 6,41*4 
 
 
 
 9,047 
 
 1862 .. 
 
 3,794 
 
 8,962 
 
 2,417 
 
 15,173 
 
 
 _ 
 
 23,944 
 
 1863 .. 
 
 4,806 
 
 4,371 
 
 9,523 
 
 18,700 
 
 
 . . 
 
 24,797 
 
 1864 .. 
 
 5,812 
 
 18,086 
 
 2,400 
 
 26,298 
 
 
 
 26,165 
 
 1865 '. . 
 
 9,002 
 
 27,613 
 
 2,842 
 
 39,457 
 
 
 35,660 
 
 1866 .. 
 
 9,914 
 
 13,061 
 
 2,136 
 
 25,111 
 
 
 
 25,846 
 
 1867 .. 
 
 * 
 
 8,317 
 
 16,623 
 
 24,940 
 
 
 
 21,746 
 
 1868 .. 
 
 * 
 
 9,622 
 
 15,288 
 
 24,910 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 25,084 
 
 1869 .. 
 
 9,050 
 
 5,338 
 
 4,770 
 
 19,158 
 
 5,319 
 
 12,627 
 
 4,529 
 
 22,475 
 
 1870 .. 
 
 8,120 
 
 6,035 
 
 6,035 
 
 20,190 
 
 4,734 
 
 11,158 
 
 5,058 
 
 20,950 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 7,744 
 
 14,522 
 
 6,915 
 
 29,181 
 
 4,292 
 
 14,664 
 
 8,559 
 
 27,515 
 
 1872 .. 
 
 8,869 
 
 13,880 
 
 8,000 
 
 30,749 
 
 4,275 
 
 17,045 
 
 7,823 
 
 29,143 
 
 1873 .. 
 
 8,453 
 
 15,649 
 
 17,302 
 
 41,404 
 
 4,409 
 
 21,175 
 
 10,421 
 
 36,005 
 
 1874 .. 
 
 7,901 
 
 19,012 
 
 7,507 
 
 34,420 
 
 4,259 
 
 25,143 
 
 6,618 
 
 36,020 
 
 1875 .. 
 
 8,917 
 
 36,201 
 
 9,533 
 
 54,651 
 
 4,368 
 
 24,189 
 
 17,933 
 
 46,490 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 10,134 
 
 5,013 
 
 11,657 
 
 26,804 
 
 4,802 
 
 23,984 
 
 11,941 
 
 40,727 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 15,107 
 
 27,505 
 
 10,544 
 
 53,156 
 
 6,755 
 
 31,245 
 
 14,060 
 
 52,060 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 16,739 
 
 29,124 
 
 11,529 
 
 57,392 
 
 7,471 
 
 27,545 
 
 20,011 
 
 55,027 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 16,525 
 
 31,256 
 
 18,966 
 
 66,747 
 
 7,677 
 
 37,603 
 
 15,633 
 
 60,913 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, MUNICIPAL BOROUGHS, AND MUNICIPAL SHIRES. 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 17,517 
 
 25,758 
 
 19,348 
 
 62,623 
 
 7,263 
 
 38,368 
 
 24,023 
 
 69,654 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 26,698 
 
 23,354 
 
 19,809 
 
 69,861 
 
 8,714 
 
 43,223 
 
 21,914 
 
 73,851 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 33,366 
 
 31,637 
 
 21,177 
 
 86,180 
 
 10,311 
 
 60,647 
 
 30,834 
 
 101,792 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 42,078 
 
 32,939 
 
 30,285 
 
 105,302 
 
 11,280 
 
 67,060 
 
 30,907 
 
 109,247 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 35,599 
 
 33,985 
 
 51,044 
 
 120,628 
 
 14,713 
 
 72,355 
 
 36,589 
 
 123,657 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 42,152 
 
 35,868 
 
 41,993 
 
 120,013 
 
 14,097 
 
 63,771 
 
 39,672 
 
 117,540 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 49,612 
 
 41,935 
 
 33,311 
 
 124,858 
 
 16,738 
 
 72,389 
 
 51,453 
 
 140,580 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 50,579 
 
 50,146 
 
 45,020 
 
 145,745 
 
 14,711 
 
 64,533 
 
 60,697 
 
 139,941 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 77,348 
 
 81,833 
 
 80,511 
 
 239,692 
 
 19,533 
 
 150,601 
 
 60,576 
 
 230,710 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 89,986 
 
 94,228 
 
 76,892 
 
 261,106 
 
 23,128 
 
 180,170 
 
 68,015 
 
 271,313 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 95,165 
 
 108,533 
 
 66,217 
 
 269,915 
 
 23,832 
 
 167,514 
 
 100,353 
 
 291,699 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 96,946 
 
 40,015 
 
 44,430 
 
 181,391 
 
 21,258 
 
 118,199 
 
 68,400 
 
 207,857 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 91,701 
 
 42,338 
 
 38,218 
 
 172,257 
 
 19,894 
 
 84,654 
 
 66,406 
 
 170,954 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 83,746 
 
 26,407 
 
 39,404 
 
 149,557 
 
 17,461 
 
 81,097 
 
 54,534 
 
 153,092 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 87,397 
 
 19,860 
 
 65,326 
 
 172,583 
 
 16,101 
 
 62,956 
 
 79,371 
 
 158,428 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 86,679 
 
 21,472 
 
 42,910 
 
 151,061 
 
 15,776 
 
 72,032 
 
 50,497 
 
 138,305 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 88,363 
 
 26,112 
 
 45,570 
 
 160,045 
 
 15,837 
 
 91,719 
 
 51,463 
 
 159,019 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 91,933 
 
 25,904 
 
 30,368 
 
 148,205 
 
 16,192 
 
 85,852 
 
 46,692 
 
 148,736 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 91,398 
 
 27,524 
 
 71,738 
 
 190,660 
 
 15,600 
 
 93,344 
 
 54,235 
 
 163,179 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 101,152 
 
 21,560 
 
 78,374 
 
 201,086 
 
 16,771 
 
 127,162 
 
 50,979 
 
 194,912 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 109,483 
 
 33,572 
 
 153,257 
 
 296,312 
 
 19,423 
 
 168,329 
 
 123,875 
 
 311,627 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 124,198 
 
 38,226 
 
 59,536 
 
 221,960 
 
 19,027 
 
 144,345 
 
 65,751 
 
 229,123 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 132,368 
 
 12,804 
 
 69,316 
 
 214,488 
 
 19.817 
 
 134,429 
 
 59,792 
 
 214.038 
 
 Included in other revenue. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 63 
 
 QUEENSLAND. MUNICIPALITIES, CITIES, AND TOWNS (EXCLUSIVE OF 
 BRISBANE). REVENUE, ETC., 1860 TO 1917 continued. 
 
 
 ELevenoe. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year 
 I'ndirig 
 
 Rates. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31t 
 Decem- 
 ber. 
 
 General, 
 
 Special, 
 and 
 
 From 
 
 (JoVlTll- 
 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 Separate. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CITIES AND TOWNS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 130,137 
 
 7,860 
 
 54,231 
 
 192,228 
 
 19,008 
 
 113,448 
 
 67,471 
 
 199,927 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 148,073 
 
 1,115 
 
 45,453 
 
 194,641 
 
 19,855 
 
 105,095 
 
 73,632 
 
 198,582 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 149,762 
 
 671 
 
 76,421 
 
 226,854 
 
 19,030 
 
 116,175 
 
 90,898 
 
 226,103 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 152,125 
 
 504 
 
 50,686 
 
 203,315 
 
 19,199 
 
 110,583 
 
 69,466 
 
 199.248 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 159,103 
 
 2,826 
 
 43,549 
 
 205,478 
 
 19,153 
 
 124,846 
 
 55,995 
 
 199,994 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 167,107 
 
 2,122 
 
 48,534 
 
 217,763 
 
 19,298 
 
 144,386 
 
 59,777 
 
 223,461 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 172,968 
 
 902 
 
 52,715 
 
 226,585 
 
 18,516 
 
 9^,453 
 
 117,120 
 
 229,089 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 142,193 
 
 2,565 
 
 114,162 
 
 258,920 
 
 19,481 
 
 106,188 
 
 130,598 
 
 256,267 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 159,192 
 
 2,996 
 
 125,597 
 
 287,785 
 
 23,094 
 
 142,002 
 
 140,652 
 
 305,748 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 166,204 
 
 2,795 
 
 150,303 
 
 319,302 
 
 25,322 
 
 174,675 
 
 146,621 
 
 346,618 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 198,923 
 
 1,984 
 
 143,684 
 
 344,591 
 
 31,360 
 
 170,983 
 
 150,488 
 
 352,831 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 213,542 
 
 2,500 
 
 173,650 
 
 389,692 
 
 32,509 
 
 216,577 
 
 153,481 
 
 402,567 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 222,770 
 
 11,078 
 
 170,663 
 
 404,511 
 
 33,026 
 
 212,687 
 
 166,236 
 
 411,949 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 231,902 
 
 798 
 
 174,954 
 
 407,654 
 
 37,683 
 
 209,120 
 
 166,778 
 
 413,581 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 251,723 
 
 1,195 
 
 194,654 
 
 447,572 
 
 42,428 
 
 234,618 
 
 188,029 
 
 465,075 
 
 QUEENSLAND. DIVISIONS AND SHIRES. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1880 TO 1917. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Yf>ir 
 
 ending 
 31st 
 
 Decem- 
 ber. 
 
 Rates 
 General, 
 Special, 
 and 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 Separate. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DIVISIONS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 23,584 
 
 31,063 
 
 2,788 
 
 57,435 
 
 10,188 
 
 20,394 
 
 7,194 
 
 37,776 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 37,400 
 
 101,863 
 
 5,578 
 
 144,841 
 
 15,558 
 
 86,198 
 
 9,719 
 
 ' 111,475 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 39,891 
 
 82,199 
 
 10,552 
 
 132,642 
 
 18,398 
 
 94,558 
 
 10,913 
 
 123,869 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 51,056 
 
 94,148 
 
 8,749 
 
 153,953 
 
 21,026 
 
 129,734 
 
 13,526 
 
 164,286 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 57,487 
 
 122,103 
 
 41,661 
 
 221,251 
 
 27,630 
 
 161,587 
 
 15,682 
 
 204,899 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 69,604 
 
 121,373 
 
 33,320 
 
 224,297 
 
 25,671 
 
 176,563 
 
 25,435 
 
 227,669 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 81,264 
 
 198,495 
 
 29,376 
 
 309,135 
 
 26,267 
 
 197,625 
 
 28,366 
 
 252,258 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 90,583 
 
 158,356 
 
 42,116 
 
 291,055 
 
 28,419 
 
 261,287 
 
 34,152 
 
 323,858 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 81,039 
 
 165,468 
 
 60,390 
 
 306,897 
 
 32,296 
 
 220,112 
 
 35,644 
 
 288,052 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 93,451 
 
 169,995 
 
 32,784 
 
 296,230 
 
 31,174 
 
 216,978 
 
 38,945 
 
 287,097 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 99,783 
 
 187,768 
 
 42,762 
 
 330,313 
 
 35,012 
 
 256,025 
 
 48,245 
 
 339,282 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 106,511 
 
 103,204 
 
 27,779 
 
 237,494 
 
 33,250 
 
 149,863 
 
 41,130 
 
 224,243 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 100,731 
 
 98,338 
 
 14,229 
 
 213,298 
 
 30,816 
 
 136,645 
 
 34,862 
 
 202,323 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 94,280 
 
 67,338 
 
 20,010 
 
 181,628 
 
 29,306 
 
 119,814 
 
 30,254 
 
 179,374 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 100,163 
 
 35,025 
 
 16,098 
 
 151,286 
 
 27,395 
 
 101,095 
 
 27,667 
 
 156,157 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 99,076 
 
 40,480 
 
 19,698 
 
 159,254 
 
 26,890 
 
 98,547 
 
 31,011 
 
 156,448 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 103,487 
 
 41,740 
 
 20,947 
 
 166,174 
 
 25,636 
 
 108,254 
 
 25,736 
 
 159,626 
 
 1897 . . 
 
 106,573 
 
 38,589 
 
 34,009 
 
 179,171 
 
 27,026 
 
 118,553 
 
 30,170 
 
 175,749 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 115,201 
 
 38,653 
 
 39,826 
 
 193,680 
 
 28,316 
 
 125,042 
 
 46,271 
 
 199,629 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 117,002 
 
 50,961 
 
 51,708 
 
 219,671 
 
 30,394 
 
 150,321 
 
 34,605 
 
 215,320 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 122#26 
 
 66,628 
 
 82,647 
 
 271,301 
 
 31,532 
 
 187,552 
 
 42,525 
 
 261,609 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 134,301 
 
 69,473 
 
 126,525 
 
 330,299 
 
 34,982 
 
 233,251 
 
 46,971 
 
 315,204 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 135,710 
 
 40,498 
 
 130,261 
 
 306,469 
 
 34,654 
 
 209,607 
 
 50,035 
 
 294,296 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. DIVISIONS AND SHIRES. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1880 TO 1917 continued. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 ending 
 
 Rates. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31st 
 Decem- 
 ber. 
 
 General, 
 Special, 
 and 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 Separate. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SHIRES. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 148,127 
 
 20,681 
 
 25,921 
 
 194,729 
 
 32,861 
 
 132,135 
 
 42,774 
 
 207,770 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 160,760 
 
 2,057 
 
 18,367 
 
 181,184 
 
 31,838 
 
 109,393 
 
 44,108 
 
 185,339 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 160,122 
 
 1,075 
 
 29,641 
 
 190,838 
 
 32,753 
 
 107,934 
 
 39,770 
 
 180,457 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 170,617 
 
 1,136 
 
 26,598 
 
 198,351 
 
 33,359 
 
 131,571 
 
 50,791 
 
 215,721 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 187,397 
 
 2,523 
 
 29,539 
 
 219,459 
 
 34,311 
 
 141,252 
 
 44,095 
 
 219,658 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 202,722 
 
 3,651 
 
 50,141 
 
 256,514 
 
 33,810 
 
 187,346 
 
 49,532 
 
 270,688 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 222,537 
 
 4,372 
 
 44,513 
 
 271,422 
 
 37,586 
 
 152,701 
 
 64,526 
 
 254,813 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 233,464 
 
 11,364 
 
 69,150 
 
 313,978 
 
 39,092 
 
 189,874 
 
 76,144 
 
 305,110 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 272,330 
 
 9,461 
 
 110,101 
 
 391,892 
 
 42,561 
 
 249,481 
 
 85,907 
 
 377,949 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 289,850 
 
 8,530 
 
 108,839 
 
 407,219 
 
 51,612 
 
 279,972 
 
 100,399 
 
 431,983 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 324,267 
 
 10,875 
 
 122,853 
 
 457,995 
 
 25,760 
 
 300,690 
 
 145,046 
 
 471,496 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 352,794 
 
 7,358 
 
 140,394 
 
 500,546 
 
 64,789 
 
 345,405 
 
 107,989 
 
 518,183 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 371,323 
 
 5,929 
 
 137,520 
 
 514,772 
 
 67,485 
 
 344,369 
 
 122,127 
 
 533,981 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 393,932 
 
 3,666 
 
 133,286 
 
 530,884 
 
 82,240 
 
 317,500 
 
 133,996 
 
 533,736 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 432,842 
 
 2,726 
 
 137,121 
 
 572,689 
 
 86,112 
 
 345,261 
 
 123,891 
 
 555,264 
 
 QUEENSLAND. MUNICIPALITIES, CITIES, AND TOWNS (EXCLUSIVE OF 
 BRISBANE). VALUATIONS, ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND OUTSTANDING LOANS, 
 1860 TO 1917. 
 
 Year ending 31st 
 December. 
 
 Annual Value. 
 
 Unimproved 
 Capital Value. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans from 
 Government. 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1860 .. 
 
 25,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 1861 .. 
 
 61,357 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1862 .. 
 
 85,071 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 1863 .. 
 
 115,227 
 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 . m 
 
 1864 .. 
 
 141,021 
 
 
 
 
 
 1865 .. 
 
 187,763 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 1866 .. 
 
 230,487 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 1867 .. 
 
 103,504 
 
 665,998 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 1868 .. 
 
 98,178 
 
 709,114 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 1869 .. 
 
 223,904 
 
 2,050,412 
 
 8,098 
 
 2,242 
 
 14,778 
 
 1870 .. 
 
 221,167 
 
 2,042,322 
 
 2,806 
 
 3,466 
 
 13,636 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 230,830 
 
 2,115,508 
 
 3,914 
 
 2,638 
 
 19,335 
 
 1872 .. 
 
 231,850 
 
 2,415,752 
 
 6,822 
 
 3,692 
 
 27,586 
 
 1873 .. 
 
 236,450 
 
 2,483,173 
 
 11,171 
 
 12,331 
 
 36,521 
 
 1874 .. 
 
 248,694 
 
 2,233,263 
 
 13,843 
 
 7,619 
 
 56,873 
 
 1875 .. 
 
 257,027 
 
 2,569,594 
 
 20,074 
 
 17,879 
 
 57,629 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 382,207 
 
 2,868,847 
 
 14,836 
 
 21,628 
 
 65,647 
 
 1877 
 
 314,904 
 
 2,981,435 
 
 20,880 
 
 57,123 
 
 75,412 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 313,520 
 
 3,075,992 
 
 31,053 
 
 66,268* 
 
 86,852 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 316,791 
 
 3,067,107 
 
 36,956 
 
 60,043 
 
 98,541 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 65 
 
 QUEENSLAND. MUNICIPALITIES, CITIES, AND TOWNS (EXCLUSIVE OF 
 BRISBANE). VALUATIONS, ASSETS, ETC., 1860 TO 1917 continued. 
 
 Year ending 31st 
 December. 
 
 Ann.ua! Value. 
 
 Unimproved 
 Capital Value. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Oustanding 
 Loans from 
 Government. 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, MUNICIPAL BOROUGHS, AND MUNICIPAL SHIRES. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 351,352* 
 
 3,520,877* 
 
 114,420* 
 
 101,622* 
 
 155,368* 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 401,368 
 
 4,312,827 
 
 144,172* 
 
 160,076* 
 
 230,157* 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 430,128 
 
 4,771,226 
 
 166,265 
 
 293,600 
 
 272,212 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 500,410 
 
 6,054,655 
 
 281,037 
 
 334,843 
 
 302,301 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 603,679 
 
 7,032,739 
 
 246,401 
 
 207,425 
 
 177,868 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 685,307 
 
 8,380,550 
 
 232,546 
 
 232,635 
 
 188,462 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 756,997 
 
 9,119,588 
 
 281,356 
 
 239,127 
 
 193,625 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 845,507 
 
 10,598,611 
 
 308,355 
 
 235,184 
 
 197,084 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 1,099,503 
 
 15,183,019 
 
 350,736 
 
 306,986 
 
 256,315 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 1,257,271 
 
 18,152,073 
 
 373,014 
 
 339,871 
 
 271,986 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 1,275,490 
 
 18,787,871 
 
 579,016 
 
 451,387 
 
 353,739 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 
 13,871,122 
 
 566,424 
 
 452,884 
 
 336,488 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 11,963,018 
 
 579,603 
 
 461,087 
 
 364,696 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 9,846,224 
 
 589,778 
 
 474,234 
 
 307,275 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 9,089,865 
 
 557,530 
 
 421,795 
 
 341,940 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 8,870,954 
 
 563,258 
 
 411,388 
 
 343,879 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 8,748,226 
 
 505,342 
 
 344,916 
 
 266,079 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 8,639,057 
 
 506,564 
 
 352,598 
 
 277,903 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 8,608,887 
 
 501,172 
 
 351,015 
 
 279,413 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 8,653,634 
 
 525,847 
 
 399,731 
 
 295,150 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 8,744,708 
 
 505,767 
 
 487,829 
 
 275,422 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 8,866,924 
 
 679,634 
 
 561,456 
 
 309,289 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 
 9,482,862 
 
 684,729 
 
 557,316 
 
 333,893 
 
 CITIES AND TOWNS. 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 
 8,007,453 
 
 653,278 
 
 532,866 
 
 307,416 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 
 8,407,419 
 
 636,5,70 
 
 504,831 
 
 280,009 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 8,108,469 
 
 659,356 
 
 542,684 
 
 274,250 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 7,852,705 
 
 672,201 
 
 548,646 
 
 303,087 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 
 7,875,938 
 
 674,605 
 
 530,682 
 
 299,463 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 
 7,886,857 
 
 747,446 
 
 596,773 
 
 254,227 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 
 7,820,052 
 
 727,006 
 
 625,743 
 
 229,730 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 
 7,925,422 
 
 766,496 
 
 572,369 
 
 220,620 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 
 8,322,134 
 
 765,641 
 
 562,819 
 
 194,011 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 8,553,567 
 
 765,492 
 
 612,745 
 
 199,523 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 9,476,368 
 
 815,718 
 
 668,368 
 
 213,560 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 9,692,874 
 
 870,754 
 
 717,610 
 
 224,008 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 
 10,013,435 
 
 899,678 
 
 733,695 
 
 235,015 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 . 
 
 9,990,995 
 
 943,053 
 
 754,363 
 
 245,283 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 
 10,408,695 
 
 986,625 i 781,769 
 
 250,228 
 
 Exclusive of Municipal Shires. 
 
 C. 7099. 3 
 
66 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. DIVISIONS AND SHIRES. VALUATIONS, ASSETS, LIABILITIES, 
 AND OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1881 TO 1917. 
 
 Year ending 31st 
 December. 
 
 Annual Value. 
 
 Unimproved 
 Capital Value. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans from 
 Government. 
 
 DIVISIONS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 868,577 
 
 16,803,974 
 
 
 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 965,879 
 
 18,355,936 
 
 
 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 1,197,319 
 
 21,988,708 
 
 
 
 2*8,301 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 1,378,640 
 
 26,240,026 
 
 104,206 
 
 76,146 
 
 54,366 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 1,709,979 
 
 28,784,343 
 
 112,322 
 
 86,518 
 
 71,052 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 1,819,738 
 
 33,927,105 
 
 134,665 
 
 98,716 
 
 77,870 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 1,812,562 
 
 32,168,540 
 
 143,114 
 
 119,632 
 
 93,490 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 1,848,295 
 
 28,478,594 
 
 147,951 
 
 140,445 
 
 115,632 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 2,315,255 
 
 29,468,270 
 
 209,308 
 
 186,390 
 
 146,499 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 1,975,815 
 
 31,881,150 
 
 222,039 
 
 207,637 
 
 166,899 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 
 29,414,191 
 
 226,501 
 
 202,706 
 
 165,023 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 26,763,770 
 
 229,893 
 
 196,726 
 
 168,340 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 . m 
 
 26,836,146 
 
 183,920 
 
 149,908 
 
 127,667 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 26,763,888 
 
 209,131 
 
 178,538 
 
 162,815 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 26,142,791 
 
 176,255 
 
 143,773 
 
 128,519 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 
 26,537,505 
 
 179,661 
 
 153,692 
 
 135,070 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 26,610,736 
 
 210,488 
 
 193,054 
 
 148,639 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 27,122,340 
 
 230,868 
 
 221,446 
 
 197,102 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 27,681,447 
 
 271,475 
 
 284,041 
 
 256,334 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 28,135,052 
 
 328,544 
 
 343,572 
 
 296,984 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 29,108,715 
 
 394,306 
 
 392,180 
 
 346,364 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 
 27,838,438 
 
 415,952 
 
 404,157 
 
 343,914 
 
 SHTKES. 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 
 29,603,766 
 
 280,607 
 
 188,920 
 
 152,862 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 
 28,786,043 
 
 229,843 
 
 141,481 
 
 108,753 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 27,948,597 
 
 250,052 
 
 168,692 
 
 134,894 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 29,197,808 
 
 254,363 
 
 158,749 
 
 113,550 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 
 29,977,860 
 
 259,519 
 
 145,476 
 
 100,951 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 
 31,279,792 
 
 277,086 
 
 164,662 
 
 111,754 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 
 33,677,538 
 
 301,976 
 
 165,383 
 
 111,740 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 36,023,390 
 
 331,382 
 
 167,338 
 
 116,456 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 38,482,811 
 
 367,078 
 
 185,819 
 
 127,078 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 
 40,365,614 
 
 426,694 
 
 226,183 
 
 141,287 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 
 41,272,641 
 
 467,182 
 
 296,519 
 
 203,109 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 . 
 
 44,596,193 
 
 455,476 
 
 256,813 
 
 159,359 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 45,622,388 
 
 499,390 
 
 306,252 
 
 178,635 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 
 45,919,033 
 
 552,750 
 
 324,104 
 
 190,752 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 i 
 
 45,276,512 
 
 567,438 
 
 306,294 
 
 181,862 
 
 (B) City of Brisbane. 
 
 1. General. As already noted, the City of Brisbane is subject to the same provisions 
 of the various Municipal Acts as other Cities. 
 
 Since 1893 the City of Brisbane has raised loans on debentures instead of borrowing 
 from the Colonial Treasury, and the amounts of these loans, details of which are not 
 available for each year, are included in the liabilities. 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following tables are given particulars for the 
 City of Brisbane of (i) the area, estimated population, number of electors, estimated 
 number of dwellings, and length of roads ; (ii) the revenue and expenditure ; and (iii) the 
 annual value, unimproved capital value, assets, liabilities, and outstanding loans from 
 Government for the years 1860 to 1917. At the end of 1917 the amount outstanding for 
 debentures, apart from money owing to the Government, was 620,451. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 67 
 
 QUEENSLAND. CITY OF BRISBANE. AREA, POPULATION, ETC., I860 TO 1917. 
 
 Year ending 31st December. 
 
 Ajea. 
 
 Estimated 
 Population. 
 
 Number of 
 Electors. 
 
 Estimated 
 Number of 
 Dwellings. 
 
 Length of 
 Roads. 
 
 
 Sq. Mis 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 1860 
 
 
 . 
 
 1,114 
 
 
 
 1861 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1,132 
 
 
 
 1862 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 
 1,375 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1863 
 
 . . 
 
 
 2,000 
 
 
 
 1864 
 
 
 
 2,965 
 
 
 
 1865 
 
 
 
 3,210 
 
 
 
 1866 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 3,210 
 
 . 
 
 . , 
 
 1867 
 
 . . 
 
 12,000 
 
 3,000 
 
 3,200 
 
 . 
 
 1868 
 
 
 14,000 
 
 3,500 
 
 3,522 
 
 . . 
 
 1869 
 
 3* 
 
 14,265 
 
 3,975 
 
 2,950 
 
 47 
 
 1870 
 
 3 
 
 14,265 
 
 4,132 
 
 2,983 
 
 47 
 
 1871 
 
 3 
 
 15,002 
 
 4,217 
 
 2,998 
 
 47 
 
 1872 
 
 3 
 
 15,002 
 
 4,523 
 
 3,083 
 
 47 
 
 1873 
 
 3i 
 
 15,002 
 
 4,523 
 
 3,083 
 
 47 
 
 1874 
 
 3 
 
 20,000 
 
 4,181 
 
 3,200 
 
 46 
 
 1875 
 
 3 
 
 22,000 
 
 4,455 
 
 3,400 
 
 58 
 
 1876 
 
 3 
 
 23,000 
 
 4,191 
 
 4,400 
 
 59 
 
 1877 
 
 3 
 
 23,000 
 
 4,500 
 
 4,650 
 
 58 
 
 1878 
 
 3 
 
 24,603 
 
 4,598 
 
 4,670 
 
 58 
 
 1879 
 
 3 
 
 26,000 
 
 4,598 
 
 4,720 
 
 58 
 
 1880 
 
 3 
 
 26,000 
 
 4,098 
 
 4,800 
 
 58 
 
 1881 
 
 3 
 
 23,001 
 
 4,524 
 
 5,000 
 
 58 
 
 1882 
 
 3 
 
 23,001 
 
 4,910 
 
 5,080 
 
 58 
 
 1883 
 
 3 
 
 23,001 
 
 5,116 
 
 5,200 
 
 58 
 
 1884 
 
 3 
 
 23,001 
 
 5,606 
 
 5,500 
 
 58 
 
 1885 
 
 3 
 
 23,001 
 
 5,863 
 
 5,750 
 
 65 
 
 1886 
 
 3 
 
 32,567 
 
 5,546 
 
 6,000 
 
 65 
 
 1887 
 
 3 
 
 32,567 
 
 6,154 
 
 6,300 
 
 65 
 
 1888 
 
 2 
 
 28,451 
 
 5,521 
 
 5,845 
 
 58 
 
 1889 
 
 2i- 
 
 28,533 
 
 5,832 
 
 5,950 
 
 58 
 
 1890 
 
 21- 
 
 28,529 
 
 5,378 
 
 6,150 
 
 52 
 
 1891 
 
 2\- 
 
 25,889 
 
 5,514 
 
 6,200 
 
 52 
 
 1892 
 
 21- 
 
 25,889 
 
 5,245 
 
 6,200 
 
 52 
 
 1893 
 
 2\- 
 
 25,889 
 
 4,621 
 
 6,200 
 
 52 
 
 1894 
 
 2f 
 
 25,889 
 
 4,747 
 
 6,200 
 
 52 
 
 1895 
 
 2f 
 
 ' 25,889 
 
 5,222 
 
 6,200 
 
 52 
 
 1896 
 
 2f 
 
 28,055 
 
 5,492 
 
 6,250 
 
 52 
 
 1897 
 
 2f 
 
 27,747 
 
 5,754 
 
 6,270 
 
 52 
 
 1898 
 
 2 
 
 25,425 
 
 6,331 
 
 5,085 
 
 52 
 
 1899 
 
 2| 
 
 26,325 
 
 6,442 
 
 5,265 
 
 52 
 
 1900 
 
 2* 
 
 27,600 
 
 6,728 
 
 5,520 
 
 52 
 
 1901 
 
 2f 
 
 28,953 
 
 6,546 
 
 4,870 
 
 52 
 
 1902 
 
 2* 
 
 28,125 
 
 7,199 
 
 5,125 
 
 52 
 
 1903 
 
 5* 
 
 37,148 
 
 8,499 
 
 6,427 
 
 83 
 
 1904 
 
 5j 
 
 37,442 
 
 4,432 
 
 6,439 
 
 83 
 
 1905 
 
 5j 
 
 37,442 
 
 5,128 
 
 6,444 
 
 83 
 
 1906 
 
 5* 
 
 37,442 
 
 5,126 
 
 6,500 
 
 83 
 
 1907 
 
 5 
 
 37,442 
 
 4,942 
 
 8,617 
 
 85 
 
 1908 
 
 5 
 
 37,442 
 
 5,236 
 
 8,637 
 
 85 
 
 1909 
 
 5 
 
 37,442 
 
 5,262 
 
 8,627 
 
 85 
 
 1910 
 
 5 
 
 37,442 
 
 5,392 
 
 6,515 
 
 85 
 
 1911 
 
 5- 
 
 39,917 
 
 5,401 
 
 6,576 
 
 85 
 
 1912 
 
 54 
 
 40,254 
 
 5,668 
 
 6,652 
 
 92 
 
 1913 
 
 5* 
 
 40,254 
 
 5,830 
 
 6,769 
 
 92 
 
 1914 
 
 5| 
 
 40,254 
 
 6,181 
 
 7,354 
 
 92 
 
 1915 
 
 5 
 
 40,887 
 
 5,770 
 
 7,517 
 
 92 
 
 1916 
 
 5* 
 
 40,887 
 
 5,866 
 
 7,054 
 
 92 
 
 1917 
 
 5} 
 
 39,368 
 
 5,986 
 
 7,539 
 
 92 
 
68 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. CITY OF BRISBANE. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 160 TO 1917. 
 
 Year 
 ending 
 31st 
 Decem- 
 ber. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Kates. 
 General, 
 Special, 
 and 
 Separate. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1860 .. 
 
 3,269 
 
 1,694 
 
 100 
 
 5,063 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 4,589 
 
 1861 .. 
 
 1,469 
 
 2,526 
 
 483 
 
 4,478 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
 14,788 
 
 1862 .. 
 
 2,625 
 
 5,825 
 
 1,092 
 
 9,542 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 12,634 
 
 1863 .. 
 
 3,503 
 
 3,164 
 
 2,342 
 
 9,009 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 9,724 
 
 1864 .. 
 
 5,022 
 
 3,014 
 
 4,536 
 
 12,572 
 
 
 
 
 12,572 
 
 1865 .. 
 
 7,441 
 
 3,720 
 
 3,057 
 
 14,218 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 15,115 
 
 1866 .. 
 
 6,853 
 
 6,218 
 
 2,943 
 
 16,014 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 14,468 
 
 1867 .. 
 
 * 
 
 2,363 
 
 8,180 
 
 10,543 
 
 
 
 
 17,076 
 
 1868 .. 
 
 * 
 
 1,178 
 
 7,844 
 
 9,022 
 
 
 
 
 8,421 
 
 1869 .. 
 
 4,993 
 
 1,800 
 
 3,776, 
 
 10,569 
 
 l',210 
 
 6,840 
 
 1,051 
 
 9,101 
 
 1870 .. 
 
 3,773 
 
 . . 
 
 3,760 
 
 7,533 
 
 1,282 
 
 2,543 
 
 5,661 
 
 9,486 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 3,790 
 
 1,600 
 
 3,976 
 
 9,366 
 
 1,396 
 
 4,139 
 
 3,354 
 
 8,889 
 
 1872 .. 
 
 4,497 
 
 1,125 
 
 4,168 
 
 9,790 
 
 1,516 
 
 4,120 
 
 4,112 
 
 9,748 
 
 1873 .. 
 
 5,348 
 
 3,242 
 
 4,774 
 
 13,364 
 
 1,178 
 
 5,530 
 
 6,953 
 
 13,661 
 
 1874 .. 
 
 7,455 
 
 4,389 
 
 6,963 
 
 18,807 
 
 1,147 
 
 6,156 
 
 10,215 
 
 17,518 
 
 1875 .. 
 
 8,095 
 
 12,792 
 
 11,466 
 
 32,353 
 
 1,377 
 
 7,210 
 
 24,082 
 
 32.669 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 8,941 
 
 534 
 
 13,287 
 
 22,762 
 
 1,644 
 
 7,480 
 
 13,424 
 
 22,548 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 10,277 
 
 24,256 
 
 11,397 
 
 45,930 
 
 1,805 
 
 21,824 
 
 18,110 
 
 41,739 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 11,131 
 
 23,777 
 
 5,951 
 
 40,859 
 
 1,892 
 
 26,141 
 
 18,179 
 
 46,212 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 11,602 
 
 14,317 
 
 6,420 
 
 32,339 
 
 2,369 
 
 23,618 
 
 9,031 
 
 35,018 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 13,492 
 
 20,602 
 
 7,292 
 
 41,386 
 
 2,207 
 
 30,786 
 
 8,101 
 
 41,094 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 14,279 
 
 22,622 
 
 8492 
 
 45,393 
 
 3,101 
 
 31,296 
 
 11,094 
 
 45,491 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 17,274 
 
 12,269 
 
 8,151 
 
 37,694 
 
 3,179 
 
 24,469 
 
 9,852 
 
 37,500 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 20,394 
 
 12,584 
 
 12,116 
 
 45,094 
 
 3,322 
 
 28,357 
 
 11,917 
 
 43,596 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 21,316 
 
 15,997 
 
 53,650 
 
 90,963 
 
 4,008 
 
 61,035 
 
 22,623 
 
 87,666 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 38,306 
 
 17,280 
 
 52,216 
 
 107,802 
 
 4,384 
 
 100,025 
 
 16,545 
 
 120,954 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 46,903 
 
 33,211 
 
 89,271 
 
 169,385 
 
 5,167 
 
 160,143 
 
 26,682 
 
 191,992 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 55,994 
 
 41,407 
 
 45,792 
 
 143,193 
 
 5,661 
 
 112,366 
 
 20,873 
 
 138,900 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 48,488 
 
 27,711 
 
 31,649 
 
 107,848 
 
 3,924 
 
 82,540 
 
 25,788 
 
 112,252 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 54,406 
 
 24,377 
 
 25,082 
 
 103,865 
 
 4,366 
 
 87,766 
 
 33,529 
 
 125,661 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 57,110 
 
 27,515 
 
 46,841 
 
 131,466 
 
 4,138 
 
 86,024 
 
 24,751 
 
 114,913 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 50,123 
 
 16,034 
 
 22,193 
 
 88,350 
 
 4,071 
 
 73,157 
 
 21,441 
 
 98,669 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 44,096 
 
 16,834 
 
 18,692 
 
 79,622 
 
 3,589 
 
 54,162 
 
 19,619 
 
 77,370 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 35,583 
 
 11,012 
 
 30,278 
 
 76,873 
 
 3,652 
 
 58,088 
 
 15,172 
 
 76,912 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 35,446 
 
 6,532 
 
 198,908 
 
 240,886 
 
 3,596 
 
 50,545 
 
 137,773 
 
 191,914 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 33,282 
 
 7,165 
 
 60,486 
 
 100,933 
 
 3,649 
 
 43,809 
 
 49,895 
 
 97,353 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 32,976 
 
 6,871 
 
 17,009 
 
 56,856 
 
 3,533 
 
 48,126 
 
 14,074 
 
 65,733 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 33,300 
 
 6,713 
 
 56,869 
 
 96,882 
 
 3,931 
 
 56,795 
 
 13,771 
 
 74,497 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 32,792 
 
 7,682 
 
 62,414 
 
 102,888 
 
 3,569 
 
 119,642 
 
 20,118 
 
 143,329 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 37,319 
 
 4,378 
 
 18,676 
 
 60,373 
 
 3,946 
 
 46,901 
 
 21,589 
 
 72,436 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 36,969 
 
 17,229 
 
 18,812 
 
 73,010 
 
 4,005 
 
 45,826 
 
 30,119 
 
 79,950 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 47,306 
 
 9,352 
 
 24,677 
 
 81,335 
 
 3,465 
 
 55,876 
 
 16,924 
 
 76,265 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 53,752 
 
 6,548 
 
 20,549 
 
 80,849 
 
 4,147 
 
 55,226 
 
 27,607 
 
 86,980 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 61,838 
 
 3,391 
 
 25,071 
 
 90,300 
 
 5,112 
 
 70,949 
 
 28,457 
 
 104,518 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 68,059 
 
 . . 
 
 30,503 
 
 98,562 
 
 7,318 
 
 59,005 
 
 27,287 
 
 93,610 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 66,521 
 
 
 19,135 
 
 85,656 
 
 5,876 
 
 59,104 
 
 30,563 
 
 95,543 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 65,044 
 
 
 16,080 
 
 81,124 
 
 4,807 
 
 50,567 
 
 31,219 
 
 86,593 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 67,845 
 
 
 16,486 
 
 84,331 
 
 5,150 
 
 49,041 
 
 30,854 
 
 85,045 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 66,515 
 
 170 
 
 18,075 
 
 84,760 
 
 5,716 
 
 52,368 
 
 29,607 
 
 87,691 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 74,465 
 
 
 19,413 
 
 93,878 
 
 6,152 
 
 53,269 
 
 42,591 
 
 102,012 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 68,051 
 
 200 
 
 36,201 
 
 104,452 
 
 6,410 
 
 55,661 
 
 40,525 
 
 102,596 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 80,942 
 
 200 
 
 60,913 
 
 142,055 
 
 8,729 
 
 74,310 
 
 41,863 
 
 124,902 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 94,255 
 
 200 
 
 44,430 
 
 138,885 
 
 5,220 
 
 115,263 
 
 25,714 
 
 146,197 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 95,363 
 
 200 
 
 43,196 
 
 138,759 
 
 5,556 
 
 125,043 
 
 25,562 
 
 156,161 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 110,571 
 
 200 
 
 44,793 
 
 155,564 
 
 6,256 
 
 190,837 
 
 45,090 
 
 242,183 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 109,656 
 
 200 
 
 43,457 
 
 153,313 
 
 6,527 
 
 184,980 
 
 36,254 
 
 227,761 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 120,338 
 
 200 
 
 47,740 
 
 168,278 
 
 12,705 
 
 171,508 
 
 39,747 
 
 223,960 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 123,449 
 
 200 
 
 51,259 
 
 174,908 
 
 13,751 
 
 127,902 
 
 41,500 
 
 183,153 
 
 Included in other revenue. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. CITY OF BRISBANE. VALUATIONS, ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND 
 OUTSTANDING LOANS, I860 TO 1917. 
 
 Yrur ending 31st 
 Decombrr. 
 
 Annual Value. 
 
 Unimproved 
 Capital Value. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans from 
 Government. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1860 .. 
 
 47,251 
 
 
 
 
 
 1861 .. 
 
 52,550 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 1862 .. 
 
 64,791 
 
 
 
 
 
 1863 .. 
 
 89,487 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
 1864 .. 
 
 115,857 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1865 .. 
 
 148,819 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1866 .. 
 
 132,599 
 
 
 
 
 
 1867 .. 
 
 94,534 
 
 945,534 
 
 
 
 
 1868 .. 
 
 92,125 
 
 644,875 
 
 
 
 
 1869 .. 
 
 85,209 
 
 852,090 
 
 M90 
 
 1,000 
 
 
 1870 .. 
 
 83,315 
 
 833,150 
 
 
 10,000 
 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 81,635 
 
 816,350 
 
 14 
 
 10,000 
 
 
 1872 .. 
 
 94,060 
 
 940,600 
 
 56 
 
 10,000 
 
 
 1873 .. 
 
 110,407 
 
 1,104,070 
 
 
 10,000 
 
 
 1874 .. 
 
 110,407 
 
 1,104,070 
 
 244,149 
 
 154,560 
 
 15l',827 
 
 1875 .. 
 
 155,937 
 
 1,559,370 
 
 246,963 
 
 155,348 
 
 152,550 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 168,445 
 
 1,684,450 
 
 246,974 
 
 154,396 
 
 152,408 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 200,000 
 
 2,000,000 
 
 62.378 
 
 51,245 
 
 45,747 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 204,836 
 
 2,048,360 
 
 60,607 
 
 47,572 
 
 46,409 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 223,612 
 
 2,236,120 
 
 64,104 
 
 52,669 
 
 47,896 
 
 1880 
 
 224,160 
 
 2,241,600 
 
 74,622 
 
 59,882 
 
 55,860 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 231,203 
 
 2,890,038 
 
 101,331 
 
 91,318 
 
 84,362 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 281,400 
 
 3,517,500 
 
 101,242 
 
 86,112 
 
 85,059 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 320,579 
 
 4,007,238 
 
 248,599 
 
 83,629 
 
 81,691 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 339,172 
 
 4,239,650 
 
 267,284 
 
 111,963 
 
 103,845 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 430,598 
 
 5,382,243 
 
 292,944 
 
 163,912 
 
 134,852 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 571,031 
 
 7,138,000 
 
 304,058 
 
 244,499 
 
 198,829 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 558,278 
 
 7,100,000 
 
 310,179 
 
 268,957 
 
 222,307 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 486,833 
 
 8,113,883 
 
 327,042 
 
 283,535 
 
 225,720 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 521,090 
 
 8,684,833 
 
 616,353 
 
 212,038 
 
 146,189 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 544,191 
 
 9,069,450 
 
 608,807 
 
 199,921 
 
 153,658 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 8,800,351 
 
 607,325 
 
 200,392 
 
 149,119 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 5,528,798 
 
 606,851 
 
 192,520 
 
 144,468 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 6,745,553 
 
 618,682 
 
 209,857 
 
 151,680 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 6,336,829 
 
 578,350 
 
 217,880 
 
 36,573 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 
 5,807,988 
 
 580,805 
 
 226,149 
 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 
 5,761,671 
 
 574,971 
 
 229,435 
 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 
 5,759,946 
 
 602,010 
 
 275,214 
 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 
 5,755,744 
 
 573,083 
 
 329,123 
 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 
 5,860,612 
 
 566,618 
 
 340,162 
 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 
 5,842,283 
 
 554,279 
 
 347,874 
 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 5,830,809 
 
 577,133 
 
 372,175 
 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 
 5,881,846 
 
 585,566 
 
 383,580 
 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 6,538,755 
 
 608,572 
 
 437,720 
 
 30,776 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 
 6,457,779 
 
 616,194 
 
 439,556 
 
 29,704 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 
 6,301,107 
 
 613,555 
 
 438,989 
 
 28,588 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 6,128,032 
 
 619,839 
 
 438,439 
 
 27,428 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 5,964,072 
 
 622,138 
 
 432,199 
 
 26,222 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 5,858,436 
 
 625,080 
 
 427,721 
 
 24,967 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 5,817,211 
 
 639,429 
 
 443,189 
 
 23,662 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 
 5,849,018 
 
 640,027 
 
 438,038 
 
 22,305 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 
 5,983,134 
 
 659,762 
 
 446,818 
 
 20,893 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 
 6,072,739 
 
 673,735 
 
 456,234 
 
 19,425 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 
 6,232,312 
 
 699,386 
 
 483,063 
 
 17,898 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 
 6,382,855 
 
 764,932 
 
 570,448 
 
 16,311 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 
 6,387,740 
 
 792 122 
 
 648,526 
 
 14,659 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 
 6,370,033 
 
 798^302 
 
 673,900 
 
 12,942 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 
 6,363,295 
 
 842,919 
 
 697,209 
 
 11,156 
 
70 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 (c) Summary Tables. 
 
 1. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following tables give for the years 1860 to 1917 
 (i) the revenue and expenditure ; and (ii) the annual value, unimproved capital value 
 assets, liabilities, and outstanding loans from Government of all Local Authorities in 
 Queensland : 
 
 QUEENSLAND. MUNICIPALITIES, DIVISIONS, SHIRES, ETC. SUMMARY OF 
 REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1860 TO 1917. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year 
 
 
 
 ending 
 31st 
 
 Rates. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Decem- 
 
 General, 
 
 From 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ber. 
 
 Special, 
 and 
 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 Separate. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1860 .. 
 
 3,951 
 
 2,194 
 
 300 
 
 6,445 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
 . f 
 
 6,381 
 
 1861 .. 
 
 3,345 
 
 6,953 
 
 604 
 
 10,902 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 9,047 
 
 1862 .. 
 
 6,419 
 
 14,787 
 
 3,509 
 
 24,715 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 36,578 
 
 1863 .. 
 
 8,309 
 
 7,535 
 
 11,865 
 
 27,709 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 34,521 
 
 1864 .. 
 
 10,834 
 
 21,100 
 
 6,936 
 
 38,870 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 38,737 
 
 1865 .. 
 
 16,443 
 
 31,333 
 
 5,899 
 
 53,675 
 
 . , 
 
 t 
 
 , 
 
 50,775 
 
 1866 .. 
 
 16,767 
 
 19,279 
 
 5,079 
 
 41,125 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 40,314 
 
 1867 .. 
 
 * 
 
 10,680 
 
 24,803 
 
 35,483 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 38,822 
 
 1868 .. 
 
 * 
 
 10,800 
 
 24,132 
 
 34,932 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 33,505 
 
 1869 .. 
 
 14,044 
 
 7,138 
 
 8,545 
 
 29,727 
 
 6,529 
 
 19,467 
 
 . 5,580 
 
 31,576 
 
 1870 .. 
 
 11,893 
 
 ' 6,035 
 
 9,795 
 
 27,723 
 
 6,016 
 
 13,701 
 
 10,719 
 
 30,436 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 11,534 
 
 16,122 
 
 10,891 
 
 38,547 
 
 5,688 
 
 18,803 
 
 11,914 
 
 36,405 
 
 1872 .. 
 
 13,366 
 
 15,006 
 
 12,167 
 
 40,539 
 
 5,791 
 
 21,165 
 
 11,935 
 
 38,891 
 
 1873 .. 
 
 13,801 
 
 18,891 
 
 22,076 
 
 54,768 
 
 5,587 
 
 26,705 
 
 17,374 
 
 49,666 
 
 1874 .. 
 
 15,357 
 
 23,400 
 
 14,470 
 
 53,227 
 
 5,406 
 
 31,299 
 
 16,833 
 
 53,538 
 
 1875 .. 
 
 17,011 
 
 48,994 
 
 20,999 
 
 87,004 
 
 5,745 
 
 31,399 
 
 .42,015 
 
 79,159 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 19,075 
 
 5,547 
 
 24,944 
 
 49,566 
 
 6,446 
 
 31,464 
 
 25,365 
 
 63,275 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 25,384 
 
 51,761 
 
 21,941 
 
 99,086 
 
 8,560 
 
 53,069 
 
 32,170 
 
 93,799 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 27,870 
 
 52,901 
 
 17,480 
 
 98,251 
 
 9,363 
 
 53,686 
 
 38,190 
 
 101,239 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 28,127 
 
 45,573 
 
 25,386 
 
 99,086 
 
 10,046 
 
 61,221 
 
 24,664 
 
 95,931 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 54,593 
 
 77,423 
 
 29,428 
 
 161,444 
 
 19,658 
 
 89,548 
 
 39,318 
 
 148,524 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 78,377 
 
 147,839 
 
 33,879 
 
 260,095 
 
 27,373 
 
 160,717 
 
 42,727 
 
 230,817 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 90,531 
 
 126,105 
 
 39,880 
 
 256,516 
 
 31,888 
 
 179,674 
 
 51,599 
 
 263,161 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 113,528 
 
 139,671 
 
 51,150 
 
 304,349 
 
 35,628 
 
 225,151 
 
 56,350 
 
 317,129 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 114,402 
 
 172,085 
 
 146,355 
 
 432,842 
 
 46,351 
 
 294,977 
 
 74,894 
 
 416,222 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 150,062 
 
 174,521 
 
 127,529 
 
 452,112 
 
 44,152 
 
 340,359 
 
 81,652 
 
 466,163 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 177,779 
 
 273,641 
 
 151,958 
 
 603,378 
 
 48,172 
 
 430,157 
 
 106,501 
 
 584,830 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 197,156 
 
 249,909 
 
 132 928 
 
 579,993 
 
 48,791 
 
 438,186 
 
 115,722 
 
 602,699 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 206,875 
 
 275,012 
 
 172,550 
 
 654,437 
 
 55,753 
 
 453,253 
 
 122,008 
 
 631,014 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 237,843 
 
 288,600 
 
 134,758 
 
 661,201 
 
 58,668 
 
 > 484,914 
 
 140,489 
 
 684,071 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 252,058 
 
 323,816 
 
 155,820 
 
 731,694 
 
 62,982 
 
 509,563 
 
 173,349 
 
 745,894 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 253,580 
 
 159,253 
 
 94,402 
 
 507,235 
 
 58,579 
 
 341,219 
 
 130,971 
 
 530,769 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 236,528 
 
 157,510 
 
 71,139 
 
 465,177 
 
 54,299 
 
 275,461 
 
 120,887 
 
 450,647 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 213,609 
 
 104,757 
 
 89,692 
 
 408,058 
 
 50,419 
 
 258,999 
 
 99,960 
 
 409,378 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 223,006 
 
 61,417 
 
 280,332 
 
 564,755 
 
 47,OS2 
 
 214,596 
 
 244,811 
 
 506,499 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 219,037 
 
 69,117 
 
 123,094 
 
 411,248 
 
 46,315 
 
 214,388 
 
 131,403 
 
 392,106 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 224,826 
 
 74,723 
 
 83,526 
 
 383,075 
 
 45,006 
 
 248,099 
 
 91,273 
 
 384,378 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 231,806 
 
 71,206 
 
 121,246 
 
 424,258 
 
 47,149 
 
 261,200 
 
 90,633 
 
 398,982 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 239,391 
 
 73,859 
 
 173,978 
 
 487,228 
 
 47,485 
 
 338,028 
 
 120,624 
 
 506,137 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 255,473 
 
 76,899 
 
 148,758 
 
 481,130 
 
 51,111 
 
 324,384 
 
 107,173 
 
 482,668 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 268,478 
 
 117,429 
 
 254,716 
 
 640,623 
 
 54,960 
 
 401,707 
 
 196,519 
 
 653,186 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 305,805 
 
 117,051 
 
 210,738 
 
 633,594 
 
 57,474 
 
 433,472 
 
 129,646 
 
 620,592 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 321,830 
 
 59,850 
 
 220,126 
 
 601,806 
 
 58,618 
 
 399,262 
 
 137,434 
 
 595,314 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 340,102 
 
 31,932 
 
 105,223 
 
 477,257 
 
 56,981 
 
 316,532 
 
 138,702 
 
 512,215 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 376,892 
 
 3,172 
 
 94,323 
 
 474,387 
 
 59,011 
 
 273,493 
 
 145,027 
 
 477,531 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 376,405 
 
 1,746 
 
 125,197 
 
 503,348 
 
 57,659 
 
 283,213 
 
 161,231 
 
 502,103 
 
 Included in other revenue. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 71 
 
 QUEENSLAND. MUNICIPALITIES, DIVISIONS, SHIRES, ETC. SUMMARY OF 
 REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1860 TO 1911 continued. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year 
 
 
 
 ending 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31st 
 
 Rates. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Decem- 
 
 General, 
 
 From 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ber. 
 
 Special, 
 and 
 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 Separate. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 387,786 
 
 1,640 
 
 93,364 
 
 482,790 
 
 57,365 
 
 292,721 
 
 151,476 
 
 501,562 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 414,345 
 
 5,349 
 
 89,574 
 
 509,268 
 
 58,614 
 
 315,139 
 
 130,944 
 
 504,697 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 436,344 
 
 5,943 
 
 116,750 
 
 559,037 
 
 58,824 
 
 384,100 
 
 138,916 
 
 581,840 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 469,970 
 
 5,274 
 
 116,641 
 
 591,885 
 
 62,254 
 
 299,423 
 
 224,237 
 
 585,914 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 443,708 
 
 14,129 
 
 219,513 
 
 677,350 
 
 64,983 
 
 351,723 
 
 217,267 
 
 663,973 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 512,464 
 
 12,657 
 
 296,611 
 
 821,732 
 
 74,384 
 
 465,793 
 
 268,422 
 
 808,599 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 550,309 
 
 11,525 
 
 303,572 
 
 865,406 
 
 82,154 
 
 569,910 
 
 272,734 
 
 924,798 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 618,553 
 
 13,059 
 
 309,733 
 
 941,345 
 
 62,676 
 
 596,716 
 
 321,096 
 
 980,488 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 676,907 
 
 10,058 
 
 358,837 
 
 1,045,802 
 
 103,554 
 
 752,819 
 
 306,560 
 
 1,162,933 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 703,749 
 
 17,207 
 
 351,640 
 
 1,072,596 
 
 107,038 
 
 742,036 
 
 324,617 
 
 1,173,691 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 746,172 
 
 4,664 
 
 355,980 
 
 1,106,816 
 
 132,628 
 
 698,128 
 
 340,521 
 
 1,171,277 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 808,003 
 
 6,421 
 
 380,746 
 
 1,195,170 
 
 142,291 
 
 707,782 
 
 353,419 
 
 1,203,492 
 
 QUEENSLAND. SUMMARY OF VALUATIONS, ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND 
 OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1860 TO 1917. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Annual Value. 
 
 Unimproved 
 Capital Value. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans from 
 Government. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1860 .. 
 
 82,251 
 
 
 
 
 
 1861 .. 
 
 113,907 
 
 
 
 
 
 1862 
 
 149,862 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 t 
 
 1863 .. 
 
 204,714 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 m 
 
 1864 .. 
 
 256,878 
 
 
 
 
 
 1865 .. 
 
 336,582 
 
 
 
 
 t -' m 
 
 1866 .. 
 
 363,086 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 
 1867 .. 
 
 198,038 
 
 1,611,532 
 
 
 
 
 1868 .. 
 
 190,303 
 
 1,353,989 
 
 
 
 
 1869 .. 
 
 309,113 
 
 2,902,502 
 
 9^587 
 
 3,242 
 
 14,778 
 
 1870 .. 
 
 304,482 
 
 2,875,472 
 
 2,806 
 
 13,466 
 
 13,636 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 312,465 
 
 2,931,858 
 
 3,926 
 
 12,638 
 
 19,335 
 
 1872 .. 
 
 325,910 
 
 3,356,352 
 
 6,878 
 
 13,692 
 
 27,586 
 
 1873 .. 
 
 346,857 
 
 3,587,243 
 
 11,171 
 
 22,331 
 
 36,521 
 
 1874 .. 
 
 359,101 
 
 3,337,333 
 
 257,992 
 
 161,779 
 
 208,700 
 
 1875 .. 
 
 412,967 
 
 4,128,964 
 
 267,037 
 
 173,227 
 
 210,179 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 550,652 
 
 4,553,297 
 
 264,810 
 
 176,024 
 
 218,054 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 514,904 
 
 4,981,435 
 
 83,258 
 
 108,368 
 
 121,159 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 518,356 
 
 5,124,352 
 
 91,660 
 
 113,840 
 
 133,261 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 540,403 
 
 5,291,227 
 
 101,060 
 
 112,712 
 
 146,437 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 575,512* 
 
 5,762,477* 
 
 189,042* 
 
 161,505* 
 
 211,228* 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 1,501,148 
 
 24,006,839 
 
 245,503f 
 
 251,394f 
 
 314,519f 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 1,677,407 
 
 26,644,662 
 
 267,507J 
 
 379,711>j 
 
 357,27lj 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 2,018,308 
 
 32,050,601 
 
 529,630$ 
 
 418,4721 
 
 412,293 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 2,321,491 
 
 37,512,415 
 
 617,891 
 
 395,534 
 
 336,079 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 2,825,884 
 
 42,547,136 
 
 637,812 
 
 483,065 
 
 394,362 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 3,147,766 
 
 50,184,693 
 
 720,079 
 
 582,342 
 
 470,324 
 
 * Exclusive of Municipal Shires. 
 
 t Exclusive of Municipal Shires and Divisions. 
 
 J Exclusive of Divisions. 
 
72 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. SUMMARY OF VALUATIONS, ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND 
 OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1860 TO 1917 continued. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Annual Value. 
 
 Unimproved 
 Capital Value. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans from 
 Government. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 3,216,347 
 
 49,867,151 
 
 761,648 
 
 623,773 
 
 512,881 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 3,434,631 
 
 51,775,496 
 
 825,729 
 
 730,966 
 
 597,667 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 4,093,616 
 
 56,305,176 k 
 
 ,198,375 
 
 738,299 
 
 564,674 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 3,795,496 
 
 59,738,471 
 
 ,409,862 
 
 858,945 
 
 674,296 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 
 51,085,664 
 
 ,400,250 
 
 816,982 
 
 650,630 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 44,255,586 
 
 ,416,347 
 
 850,333 
 
 677,504 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 43,427,923 
 
 ,392,380 
 
 833,999 
 
 646,622 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 42,236,582 
 
 ,345,011 
 
 818,213 
 
 541,328 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 
 40,821,733 
 
 ,320,318 
 
 781,310 
 
 472,398 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 
 41,047,402 
 
 ,259,974 
 
 728,043 
 
 401,149 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 e 
 
 41,521,343 
 
 1,339,442 
 
 849,258 
 
 475,005 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 41,486,971 
 
 1,305,123 
 
 901,584 
 
 476,515 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 42,195,693 
 
 1,363,940 
 
 1,023,934 
 
 551,534 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 42,722,043 
 
 1,448,590 
 
 1,179,275 
 
 572,406 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 43,806,448 
 
 1,651,073 
 
 1,325,811 
 
 655,653 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 
 43,203,146 
 
 1,686,247 
 
 1,345,053 
 
 677,807 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 . 
 
 44,149,974 
 
 1,542,457 
 
 1,159,506 
 
 491,054 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 . 
 
 43,651,241 
 
 1 ,482,607 
 
 1,085,868 
 
 418,466 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 .42,358,173 
 
 1,522,963 
 
 1,150,365 
 
 437,732 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 43,178,545 
 
 1,546,403 
 
 1,145,834 
 
 444,065 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 . 
 
 43,817,870 
 
 1,556,262 
 
 1,108,357 
 
 426,636 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 
 45,025,085 
 
 1,649,612 
 
 1,189,156 
 
 390,948 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 e 
 
 47,314,811 
 
 1,668,411 
 
 1,234,315 
 
 365,132 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 . 
 
 49,797,830 
 
 1,737,905 
 
 1,177,745 
 
 359,381 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 52,788,079 
 
 1,792,481 
 
 1,195,456 
 
 341,982 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 54,991,920 
 
 1,865,921 
 
 1,295,162 
 
 360,235 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 56,981,321 
 
 1,982,286 
 
 1,447,950 
 
 434,567 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 
 60,671,922 
 
 2,091,162 
 
 1,544,871 
 
 399,678 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 . 
 
 62,023,563 
 
 2,191,190 
 
 1,688,473 
 
 428,309 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 62,280,061 
 
 2,294,105 
 
 1,752,367 
 
 438,977 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 
 62,048,502 
 
 2,396,981 
 
 1,785,272 
 
 443,247 
 
 (D) Electric Lighting and Tramways. 
 
 1. Electric Lighting and Power. Under the Electric Light and Power Act 1896 a 
 Local Authority may be authorized by an Order in Council to supply electricity within 
 its area. 
 
 2. Municipal Tramways. Under the Tramways Act 1882 the Council of a Municipality 
 or any other Local Authority having control, for the time being, of any part of the streets 
 in which a tramway is laid or intended to be laid may construct, maintain, and work a 
 tramway upon and through any street or other place, and for the purposes of this Act 
 is deemed to be the constructing authority, with power to borrow. A Council is also 
 empowered to purchase a tramway, upon the expiration of fourteen years after its 
 completion, giving six months' notice, and, if the amount of purchase money be not 
 agreed upon mutually, it is to be ascertained in the manner provided by the Public 
 Works Resumption Act 1878. 
 
 The Local Authorities Act 1902 also expressly authorizes Councils to construct tram- 
 ways, as already mentioned hereinbefore. 
 
 The municipal tramways in Queensland, with the exception of that of Rockhampton, 
 are more of the nature of light railways, and are primarily intended for the haulage of 
 sugar-cane and other goods. Several are managed by the Railway Department, the 
 Local Authority carrying out the maintenance, and the Department paying over a 
 proportion of the revenue. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 73 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following table are shewn the mileage, cost 
 of construction, revenue, and expenditure for the years 1903 to 1917 of tramways 
 controlled by local Councils or Joint Boards, with the exception of that of Rockhampton : 
 
 QUEENSLAND. MUNICIPAL TRAMWAYS (EXCLUSIVE OF ROCKHAMPTON). 
 NUMBER, LENGTH, COST OF CONSTRUCTION, REVENUE, AND EXPENDITURE, 
 1903 TO 1917. 
 
 Tear. 
 
 Number of Tramways. 
 
 | 
 
 H 
 "o 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 Revenue. 
 (Exclusive of Government Grants, 
 Loans, and Endowments.) 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Passenger 
 Traffic. 
 
 Goods and 
 Live Stock 
 Traffic. 
 
 Other 
 Receipts. 
 
 - I 
 
 Maintenance. 
 
 Locomotive 
 and other 
 Charges. 
 
 HO 
 
 1 
 
 
 H 
 
 1903 
 1904 
 1905 
 1906 
 1907 
 1908 
 1909 
 1910 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 No. 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 .8 
 6 
 6 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 Mis 
 163 
 165 
 165 
 165 
 162 
 162 
 168 
 222 
 183 
 147 
 184 
 184 
 152 
 154 
 154 
 
 
 349,692 
 377,131 
 369,546 
 369,168 
 397,254 
 396,452 
 416,463 
 559,600 
 485;119 
 361,539 
 446,118 
 430,120 
 380,136 
 383,870 
 384,519 
 
 
 
 . * * 
 
 ;; 
 
 12',929 
 f9,434 
 flO,025 
 $12,529 
 4,962 
 2,772 
 4,330 
 5,530 
 6,987 
 6,276 
 6,671 
 
 
 
 33',415 
 f34,875 
 f35,567 
 3:38,826 
 16,171 
 14,270 
 19,678 
 31,909 
 26,587 
 24,636 
 26,531 
 
 
 
 l',004 
 t3,127 
 t2,071 
 $4,388 
 2,234 
 2,360 
 992 
 4,662 
 1,885 
 7,246 
 6,546 
 
 *18,738 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 *27,655 
 59,333 
 35,353 
 41,734 
 23,788 
 f25,411 
 f25,601 
 $27,023 
 16,625 
 12,300 
 14,673 
 46,924 
 39,162 
 41,395 
 36,282 
 
 49,683! 
 38,092 
 
 
 
 39,267 
 47,848 
 
 f47,436 
 t47,663 
 $55,743 
 23,367 
 19,402 
 25,000 
 42,101 
 35,459 
 38,158 
 39,748 
 
 
 
 
 
 8,256 
 t9,062 
 t9,379 
 $10,686 
 7,329 
 5,051 
 6,404 
 8,809 
 8,878 
 8,358 
 6,735 
 
 3,131 
 t7,357 
 t6,351 
 17,730 
 3,685 
 3,478 
 3,652 
 4,951 
 3,680 
 4,421 
 7,367 
 
 5,391 
 f5,701 
 f4,692 
 $5,966 
 4,150 
 2,279 
 2,255 
 2,797 
 6,353 
 3,096 
 2,806 
 
 7,010 
 t3,291 
 f5,179 
 $2,641 
 1,461 
 1,492 
 2,362 
 30,367 
 20,251 
 25,520 
 19,374 
 
 * Exclusive of the Ayr, Beaudesert, and Geraldton Tramways, 
 t Exclusive of McGregor's Creek Tramway. 
 
 $ Exclusive of McGregor's Creek and Bowen-Proserpine Tramways. 
 Exclusive of Bowen-Proserpine Tramway. 
 
 4. Rockhampton Tramway. The only municipal tramway, which is used purely for 
 passenger traffic, is worked by the Municipality of Rockhampton. It was opened 
 for traffic in 1909, and is 7 miLes in length. 
 
 5. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following table gives the capital cost, revenue 
 and expenditure of the Rockhampton Municipal Tramway for the years 1911 to 1917 : 
 
 QUEENSLAND. -ROCKHAMPTON MUNICIPAL TRAMWAY. CAPITAL COST, 
 REVENUE, AND EXPENDITURE, 1911 TO 1917. 
 
 Year ending 31st December. 
 
 Capital Cost. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 40,943 
 
 5,897 
 
 7,463 
 
 1912 
 
 41,729 
 
 6,355 
 
 7,651 
 
 1913 
 
 41,729 
 
 8,297 
 
 9,535 
 
 1914 
 
 41,730 
 
 9,763 
 
 9,513 
 
 1915 
 
 42,000 
 
 10,096 
 
 11,113 
 
 1916 
 
 42,000 
 
 10,956 
 
 11,448 
 
 1917 
 
 42,000 
 
 10,850 
 
 10,391 
 
 4. South Australia. 
 
 (A) Introductory. 
 
 1. General. In South Australia there are two distinct systems of Local Government, 
 known respectively as Municipalities and District Councils, the former of which has been 
 in operation since 1840, and the latter since 1852. From 1849 to 1887 there was also 
 a third system of Main Road Boards, which had the control of main roads. This control 
 was in the latter year handed over to Municipalities and District Councils. Certain 
 Drainage Boards also had authority over roads within the area of their jurisdiction. 
 Reference to these will be found in Section III. (see page 196). These systems will be 
 considered separately, an additional chapter being devoted to the City of Adelaide. 
 
74 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 (B) Road Boards. 
 
 1. Great Eastern Road Act 1841. In 1841 the maintenance and construction of the 
 portion of the overland road to Victoria within the Province of South Australia was 
 handed over to a Board of Trustees, consisting of all the Justices of the Peace for the 
 time being acting for the Province or for the County or District of Adelaide, together 
 with 23 other persons named in the Act. These Trustees had power to make, divert, 
 or alter the road, erect toll-bars, and levy toJ.s according to a scale fixed by the schedule 
 to the Act ; they could also mortgage the tolls or farm the same by auction. In 1844 
 the control of the road was vested in the Government, and put under the management 
 of the Surveyor-General in place of the Trustees. 
 
 2. Main Roads Act 1849. Under this Act two systems of Boards were created, the 
 Central Board of Main Roads and the District Boards of Roads. The Central Board 
 was composed of six members nominated annually and appointed by the Governor, and 
 had charge of the Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western or Port Roads. The 
 Chairmen of District Boards were entitled to attend the meetings of the Central Board 
 and take part in the deliberations, but were not empowered to vote. Other public roads 
 not under the management of Municipal or District Councils were entrusted to District 
 Boards of Roads, of which one was to be constituted for each Hundred ; adjoining 
 Hundreds could, however, unite to form one District. The inhabitants were to meet 
 for the purpose of electing the Boards, each of which was composed of five members, 
 elected for one year, the first Board being appointed by the Governor. Plural voting 
 was permitted, and the number of votes allotted depended on the acreage owned or 
 occupied ; an owner or tenant of not less than 20 nor more than 80 acres being entitled 
 to one vote, of from 80 to 160 acres two, of from 160 to 320 acres three, of from 320 
 to 640 acres four, of from 640 to 1,000 acres five, and of 1,000 acres and upwards, six 
 votes. Voting was to be carried out by ballot, and voters were to be registered on 
 payment of a fee of one shilling each. Elected members were compelled to act under 
 a penalty not exceeding 20. The Chairman was appointed by the Board, and two 
 Auditors were elected by the ratepayers These District Boards had power to appoint 
 officers, and to levy rates on all purchased lands, to be paid by occupiers, tenants being 
 entitled to set off half the rates against the rent. Portions of main roads might be leased 
 for tramways worked by animal power for a period not exceeding 21 years. Not more 
 than 26 feet width in the centre of the road could be so leased, and the Governor was 
 empowered to purchase the tramway at the expiration of the lease at its original cost. 
 He was also authorized to advance money out of the road funds to persons holding such 
 leases, but not to a greater extent than two-thirds of the value of the rails and materials. 
 Both the Central and the District Boards could levy tolls and farm them by auction. 
 They were also authorized to collect licence duties on every description of vehicle ; in 
 1850. however, this latter provision was withdrawn, and the money collected was ordered 
 to be refunded. A schedule of main roads was appended to the Act, which was, 
 however, added to or amended from time to time. 
 
 3. Main Roads Act 1852. In 1852 the Act of 1849 was repealed, and all public roads 
 were classified as main and district roads. District roads were placed under the 
 management of District Councils, and main roads under the Central Board of Main 
 Roads, a body consisting of six members, of whom two were appointed by the Governor, 
 while four were elected by District Councils. This Board had the same powers as the 
 Central Board mentioned in the preceding paragraph. 
 
 As no provision was made in the 1852 Act for district roads not within areas under 
 the District Council Acts, an amendment was made in 1863, by which the Commissioner 
 >of Public Works was appointed to be the Commissioner of such roads. He also had 
 charge of all main roads which were taken off the schedule until they were handed over 
 to District Councils. 
 
 In 1864 the Treasurer was authorized to borrow up to 250,000, to be placed to the 
 credit of the Central Board of Main Roads. 
 
 4. Roads Act 1865. Under this Act the Governor was empowered to proclaim Road 
 Districts, provided that they were not less than 120 miles from Adelaide, and to appoint 
 Local Boards of Main Roads, consisting of not more than five nor less than three 
 members, to take over the duties of the Central Board within their own District. When 
 such a District was proclaimed, the privilege given to Chairmen of District Councils of 
 attending meetings of the Central Board was withdrawn within such District, the 
 privilege of attending meetings of the Local Board being substituted. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 75 
 
 In 1866 the Treasurer was authorized to raise 250,000 by loan to be placed to the 
 credit of the Central or Local Boards. 
 
 5. Main Roads Act 1874. By this Act all former Acts relating to Road Boards were 
 repealed, and the Central Board, together with the Local Boards of Port Augusta, Mount 
 Gambier, and Port Lincoln, were abolished. Eight Main Road Districts were scheduled, 
 but the Governor was empowered to proclaim fresh Districts or add to existing Districts. 
 For each District a Local Board of five members was created, the first members of which 
 were appointed by the Governor for one year, after the expiration of which period two 
 were appointed by the Governor and three by the Municipal and District Councils within 
 the District. Until such Boards were appointed the Commissioner of Public Works was 
 to act. All main roads within a District were vested in the Local Board for that 
 District, and a schedule thereof was given, which was altered from time to time. In 
 order to be qualified for election as member a person had to be possessed of freehold or 
 leasehold property of the rateable annual value of 50. Members were elected for three 
 years, and Councils were entitled to one vote for every 10,000 of assessed value, but to 
 not more than two votes for each member. The revenue of these Boards was derived 
 from moneys voted by Parliament. 
 
 6. Roads Act 1884. This Act was a consolidation of the Act of 1874, with its 
 amendments, arid no radical change was made in the constitution or functions of Local 
 Road Boards. Control over the Boards was given to the Commissioner of Public Works 
 acting as Commissioner of Main Roads, and the money voted by Parliament was 
 apportioned by him among the various Boards. On the passing of the District Councils 
 Act in 1887 Local Road Boards were abolished and their duties vested in District 
 Councils. 
 
 7. Length of Roads and Expenditure. The following table gives the length of roads 
 under the control of, and the expenditure of Road Boards for the years 1851 to 1887 : 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. ROAD BOARDS. LENGTH OF ROADS AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1851 TO 1887. 
 
 Year. 
 
 No. of 
 Boards. 
 
 Length of 
 Roads. 
 
 Expendi- 
 ture. 
 
 Year. 
 
 No. of 
 Boards. 
 
 Length of 
 Roads. 
 
 Expendi- 
 ture. 
 
 CENTRAL ROAD BOARD (1849 ACT). 
 
 1851* 
 
 No. 
 i 
 
 Miles. 
 
 -II 
 36,637 ||- 1852f .. 
 
 No. 
 1 
 
 Miles. 
 
 13,244 
 
 CENTRAL ROAD BOARD (1852 ACT). 
 
 1853 
 
 
 642 
 
 25,435 
 
 1860 . . 
 
 1 
 
 739 
 
 46,602 
 
 1854 
 
 
 642 
 
 88,655 
 
 1861 
 
 1 
 
 739 
 
 56,284 
 
 1855 
 
 
 642 
 
 87,055 
 
 1862 . . 
 
 1 
 
 739 
 
 67,231 
 
 1856 
 
 
 642 
 
 58,566 
 
 1863 . . 
 
 1 
 
 697 
 
 61,406 
 
 1857 
 
 
 739 
 
 113,467 
 
 1864 . . 
 
 1 
 
 697 
 
 76,256 
 
 1858 
 
 
 739 
 
 85,047 
 
 1865 . . 
 
 1 
 
 1,660 
 
 111,130 
 
 1859 
 
 
 739 
 
 90,011 
 
 
 
 
 
 CENTRAL AND LOCAL ROAD BOARDS (1865 ACT). 
 
 1866 
 
 2 1,790 
 
 191,954 
 
 1871 .. | 4 
 
 2,205 
 
 80,348 
 
 1867 
 
 4 2,008 
 
 216,006 i 
 
 1872 . . 
 
 4 
 
 2,205 
 
 58,636 
 
 1868 
 
 4 2,008 152,610 
 
 1873 
 
 4. 
 
 2,205 
 
 94,286 
 
 1869 
 
 4 2,008 
 
 83,170 
 
 1874 . . 
 
 4 
 
 2,205 
 
 91,599 
 
 1870 
 
 4 2,008 
 
 77,030 
 
 1875J .. ; 4 
 
 2,205 
 
 60,217 
 
 LOCAL DISTRICT BOARDS (1874 ACT). 
 
 1876 
 
 8 
 
 3,113 
 
 180,680 
 
 1882 
 
 8 
 
 3,605 
 
 185,764 
 
 1877 
 
 8 
 
 2,522 
 
 155,726 
 
 1883 . . 
 
 8 
 
 3,611 
 
 227,798 
 
 1878 
 
 8 
 
 2,522 
 
 188,436 
 
 1884 :. 
 
 8 
 
 4,127 
 
 170,994 
 
 1879 
 
 8 
 
 3,451 
 
 202,728 
 
 1885 . . 
 
 8 
 
 4,161 
 
 170,953 
 
 1880 
 
 8 
 
 3,557 
 
 198,484 
 
 1886-7 .. 
 
 8 
 
 4,171 
 
 68,219 
 
 1881 
 
 8 
 
 3,631 
 
 214,712 
 
 
 
 
 
 * From 21st November, 1850. to 20th November, 1851. 
 t From 21st November, 185li to 31st December. 1852. 
 t Six months to 30th June, 1875. 
 Eighteen months to 31st December, 1876. 
 
76 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 (c) Municipal Corporations. 
 
 1. General. In the Third Annual Keport of the Colonization Commissioners for South 
 Australia in 1839 a recommendation was made that Towns with 2,000 inhabitants and 
 over should be given elective municipal institutions, and as the population of Adelaide 
 had already reached that figure an Ordinance was issued in 1840 constituting a Munici- 
 pality for that Town. This Ordinance applied solely to Adelaide, and is dealt with in 
 the chapter on the City of Adelaide (see page 87). 
 
 2. Municipal Corporations Ordinance 1849. This Ordinance was intended to apply 
 primarily to the City of Adelaide", but on the petition of not less than two-thirds of the 
 resident householders in any other Town, Village, or Hamlet, the Governor was empowered 
 to incorporate the same, with certain limitations if necessary. Up to 1855 only one 
 Municipality (exclusive of Adelaide) had been thus incorporated, and the number of 
 Municipalities existing when the Ordinance was repealed in 1861 was only five. As this 
 Ordinance primarily affected Adelaide, a resume of its provisions is given in the 
 chapter devoted to that City, the same provisions being made applicable to any other 
 Municipality incorporated thereunder. 
 
 3. Municipal Corporations Act 1861. By this Act all previous Ordinances and Acts 
 relating to the City of Adelaide and other existing Municipal Corporations were 
 repealed, and all Corporations were brought under the provisions thereof. On the 
 petition of two-thirds of the ratepayers the Governor could proclaim any place a 
 Municipality. Every person of full age who, on the first of October in any year, was 
 seised of or occupied any land or building, either as owner or tenant, was qualified as a 
 Citizen, with the exception of persons in receipt of public relief or alms and ratepayers 
 whose rates were in arrears. 
 
 The Council was composed of two Councillors for each Ward and a Mayor, and the 
 Mayor was elected by the Citizens as a whole, and not by the Councillors, as heretofore. 
 The Mayor and one Councillor in each Ward retired annually. A Municipal Council was 
 empowered to repair the streets and to make common sewers and waterworks, to levy 
 water rates, and have sole control of public slaughterhouses and markets. Further 
 power was given to lease any real estate which had been vested in a Council for a period 
 not exceeding 50 years on a building lease, or 30 years on a repairing or other lease ; also 
 to contract for cleansing and the removal of night-soil, and the organization of fire 
 brigades. 
 
 The maximum amount of the general rate was fixed at one shilling, and of all rates 
 at two shillings in the pound of annual value. Rateable property included all property 
 excepting (a) lands, buildings, or other property used by the Government for any public 
 purpose ; (b) hospitals ; (c) lunatic asylums ; (d) charitable institutions ; (e) churches ; 
 (/) academical institutions which have obtained an Act of incorporation ; and (g) any 
 other building used exclusively as a school. 
 
 Borrowing powers were granted up to 20,000, if approved by the Council at a meeting 
 at which two-thirds of the members were present, and confirmed by a poll of ratepayers. 
 At such a poll a ratepayer whose valuation was 25 and less had one vote, and an 
 additional vote was granted for each extra 10 up to a maximum of six votes for a 
 valuation of over 75. 
 
 4. Municipal Corporations Act 1880. This Act was a consolidation of the previous Act 
 and its amendments, and presented few new features, the principal of which were (a) that 
 a Council could cause special constables to be sworn in ; (b) that the rate for lighting was 
 fixed at a maximum of fourpence and that for the improvement of park lands at threepence 
 in the pound ; and (c) that valuations were to be made annually. Ministers of religion, 
 persons holding a place of profit under the Council or absent from the Province at the time 
 of election, females, minors, and insolvents were disqualified from acting as Councillors. 
 A Council could (a) appoint inspectors of nuisances ; (b) license slaughterhouses, hide and 
 skin marts, and bazaars, (c) establish public baths ; (d) fix stands for licensed vehicles ; 
 and (e) grant licences for depasturing on park lands and for the removal of sand and gravel 
 from river beds and water- courses. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 77 
 
 In 1881 the Building Act was passed, the provisions of which extended to all incor- 
 porated Cities and Towns. In the same year, under the Ornamental Grounds Act, a 
 Council was authorized, with the consent of the ratepayers, (a) to take charge of any 
 ground dedicated to the public ; (6) to make by-laws respecting such grounds ; (c) to 
 charge entrance fees ; (d) to make a rate not exceeding threepence in the pound for their 
 upkeep, and (e) to let portions for periods not exceeding eight days. 
 
 In 1882 the Places of Public Amusement Act provided that such places were to be 
 licensed by the Mayor in the City of Adelaide, and on proclamation by the Governor in 
 other places. 
 
 In 1885 urban, suburban, and country institutes were exempted from being rated ; and 
 in the same year the Grants-in-Aid Regulation Act was passed, and applied to all Municipal 
 Corporations, District Councils, and Drainage Boards. Under this Act the Government 
 gave grants-in-aid of rates not exceeding one shilling in the pound so long as required. 
 The amount paid for the financial year commencing 1st July, 1885, was at the rate of 
 fifteen shillings in the pound of rates collected, and at the rate of ten shillings for the 
 financial year commencing 1st July, 1886. In 1890 this subsidy was altered to five 
 shillings in the pound. 
 
 5. Municipal Corporations Act 1890. This is the Act at present in force relating to 
 Municipalities. It has been amended from time to time, and the following is a summary 
 of the provisions thereof : 
 
 (i) Constitution of Areas. The Governor may proclaim and divide into Wards a new 
 Municipality on petition of two-fifths of the ratepayers or owners of rateable property 
 within the limits of the proposed Municipality, provided that the value of rateable property 
 therein is sufficient to produce at least 300 per annum from the general rate. The 
 Governor may "also alter the boundaries or rearrange the Wards of a Municipality, and 
 may appoint the first members of a new Municipality. 
 
 (ii) Constitution of Councils. A Council consists of a Mayor for the Municipality and 
 of two Councillors for each Ward therein, elected from among qualified Citizens. Minors , 
 persons holding an office of contract under the Council, and uncertificated insolvents are 
 ineligible as Councillors. Originally females were ineligible, but in 1914 this restriction 
 was removed. Two Auditors are elected in the same manner as the Mayor. On the 
 1st December in each year the Mayor, one Councillor in each Ward, and one Auditor 
 retire. 
 
 On petition by the Council, confirmed by a poll of ratepayers, the Governor may 
 proclaim that the portion of the Act relating to Aldermen be applicable, and after such 
 proclamation the Council consists of Aldermen, in addition to the Mayor and Councillors. 
 The number of Aldermen must be not less than three nor more than six, as fixed by the 
 proclamation, which also determines the number who annually retire. The qualification 
 and mode of election of Aldermen are the same as for a Mayor. In a Municipality, which 
 has been proclaimed under this section, no person is eligible for nomination as Mayor 
 unless he has previously served as Mayor, Alderman, or Councillor of a Municipality for 
 at least one year. In the previous Act of 1880 he was required to serve this probationary 
 term in the Municipality in which he was nominated for Mayor, but under the Act of 
 1890 service in any Municipality will qualify. 
 
 (iii) Qualifications of Citizens. Any person of full age who, on the first of October, is 
 seised of or occupies rateable property and whose name is inserted in the assessment roll 
 is entitled to be a Citizen and vote at elections, provided that all rates declared six months 
 previously have been paid. Aliens, however, are not entitled to be enrolled ; and such 
 was also the case with persons in receipt of public relief or alms until the amendment of 
 1910 repealed this provision. 
 
 (iv) Election of Members of Councils. The annual elections of Mayor, Councillors, 
 and Auditors are held on the first Saturday in December. The Citizens in each Ward 
 elect the Councillors for the respective Wards, while the Citizens as a whole elect the 
 Mayor and Auditors. Each Citizen has one vote for each Ward in which he has property 
 Voting is by ballot. 
 
78 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 (v) Powers and Functions of Councils. A Corporation may hold and dispose of lands, 
 and lease them by tender or auction, for a period not exceeding 50 years. All public 
 roads, bridges, squares, and park lands, and the conservancy of rivers and water-courses 
 are vested in the Municipality ; while cemeteries, jetties, piers, wharves, and break- 
 waters may be vested therein. Park lands may be leased in blocks not exceeding an 
 area of 10 acres for a period of not more than 21 years to two or more persons for the 
 purpose of sport, but authority must be obtained from the ratepayers. Special 
 constables may be appointed. 
 
 All maua roads within a Municipality are under the control of the Council, and the 
 Government contribution to the upkeep of such roads is expended by the Council under 
 the supervision of the Government Engineer for Roads and Bridges. A Council may 
 light the streets, repair and cleanse sewers, appoint inspectors of nuisances, remove 
 night-soil, license slaughterhouses, bazaars, and hide and skin marts, establish and 
 lease markets, baths, and washhouses, provide sheep dips, erect or contribute towards 
 the erection of soldiers' memorials, and fix stands for licensed vehicles. The carrying 
 out of the Building Act is entrusted to Councils, and they may also procure fire engines 
 and organize fire brigades. 
 
 (vi) Valuation and Rates. The valuation of property is based on the annual rent at 
 which it would let for seven years if such rent is more than 5 per cent, of the value in 
 fee simple, otherwise at 5 per cent, of such value. A Council may declare a general rate 
 not exceeding one shilling and sixpence in the pound, a lighting rate not exceeding 
 fourpence, a rate for the improvement of park lands, squares, and reserves not exceeding 
 threepence, and a fire brigades' rate not exceeding threepence in the pound. A watering 
 rate may also be levied and apportioned rateably according to the lineal frontage of the 
 streets watered. If the general rate is insufficient, or certain works have not been 
 provided for by a separate or other rate, the Council may declare a special rate, but 
 such rate must not, together with the general rate, exceed two shillings in the pound, 
 and must be consented to by the ratepayers at a meeting or at a poll, if such be demanded. 
 At such a poll each ratepayer may vote on a scale according to the amount of annual 
 value at which he is assessed, one vote being allowed for 25 or under, with an additional 
 vote for each extra 10 up to six votes for over 75. 
 
 A separate rate may also be levied for a particular work on petition of one-half of 
 the ratepayers, representing not less than three-fourths of the assessed value of the 
 property within the portion of Municipality to be benefited. 
 
 (vii) Loans. With the consent of the ratepayers, obtained as in the preceding para- 
 graph, a Council may borrow money for any object for which a special or separate rate is 
 necessary up to a sum not exceeding ten times the amount which would result from 
 a rate of one shilling in the pound. A Council may also borrow for the construction of 
 permanent works up to an amount not exceeding three times the sum resulting from a 
 rate of one shilling and sixpence in the pound. Such loans must be repaid within 
 42 years, and a sinking fund set aside, unless the loan is repayable by instalments. The 
 amount of interest and sinking fund must not exceed the sum realized from a rate of 
 fourpence halfpenny in the pound. A bank overdraft must not exceed one-fourth of 
 the previous year's income. 
 
 (viii) Gas and Electric Light. By the Gas and Eleotric Lighting Act 1891 any 
 Local Authority may purchase, construct, and maintain gas-works, or supply electricity, 
 but, before supplying gas under this Act, a Council must purchase any existing gas- 
 works within its area. The Act does not apply as far as gas is concerned to Adelaide 
 and its suburbs until proclamation is made. 
 
 6. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following tables particulars are given for 
 Corporations, exclusive of the City of Adelaide, of (i) the number and annual values for 
 the years 1857 to 1901 ; (ii) the number, area, approximate population, number of 
 houses, length of roads, and capital values for the years 1907 to 1917, and the annual 
 values and outstanding loans for the years 1902 to 1917 ; and (iii) the revenue and 
 expenditure for the years 1855 to 1917. 
 
 In the year 1871 the population of Corporations, exclusive of Adelaide, was 19,736, 
 and the number of houses 4,316 ; while in 1876 the area was 23 square miles, the 
 population 30,550, and the number of houses 6,449. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 79 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS (EXCLUSIVE OF ADELAIDE). 
 ANNUAL VALUES, 1857 TO 1901. 
 
 Year ending 
 31st December. 
 
 Number of 
 Corporations. 
 
 Annual 
 Value. 
 
 Year ending 
 31st December. 
 
 Number of 
 Corporations. 
 
 Annual 
 Value. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 1857 
 
 5* 
 
 212,918 
 
 1880 
 
 20 
 
 356,601 
 
 1858 
 
 6* 
 
 239,613 
 
 1881 
 
 20 
 
 383,801 
 
 1859 
 
 6* 
 
 255,405 
 
 1882 
 
 22 
 
 418,301 
 
 1860 
 
 5 
 
 73,133 
 
 1883 
 
 26 
 
 531,631 
 
 1861 
 
 5 
 
 67,632 
 
 1884 
 
 29 
 
 622,319 
 
 1862 
 
 5 
 
 63,864 
 
 1885 
 
 29 
 
 641,331 
 
 1863 
 
 5 
 
 63,710 
 
 1886 
 
 29 
 
 644,997 
 
 1864 
 
 5 
 
 68,043 
 
 1887 
 
 30 
 
 600,599 
 
 1865 
 
 6 
 
 84,189 
 
 1888 
 
 32 
 
 610,275 
 
 1866 
 
 6 
 
 91,617 
 
 1889 
 
 31 
 
 584,622 
 
 1867 
 
 6 
 
 97,555 
 
 1890 
 
 32 
 
 606,307 
 
 1868 
 
 8 
 
 108,917 
 
 1891 
 
 32 
 
 613,310 
 
 1869 
 
 8 
 
 109,446 
 
 1892 
 
 32 
 
 625,897 
 
 1870 
 
 8 
 
 102,169 
 
 1893 
 
 32 
 
 639,787 
 
 1871 
 
 9 
 
 121,104 
 
 1894 
 
 32 
 
 647,539 
 
 1872 
 
 11 
 
 138,489 
 
 1895 
 
 32 
 
 645,709 
 
 1873 
 
 12 
 
 144,165 
 
 1896 
 
 32 
 
 649,918 
 
 1874 
 
 14 
 
 174,938 
 
 1897 
 
 32 
 
 656,254 
 
 1875 
 
 14 
 
 185,852 
 
 1898 
 
 32 
 
 683,063 
 
 1876 
 
 17 
 
 231,669 
 
 1899 
 
 32 
 
 714,689 
 
 1877 
 
 18 
 
 258,349 
 
 1900 
 
 3'2 
 
 731,211 
 
 1878 
 
 19 
 
 311,449 
 
 1901 
 
 31 
 
 743,313 
 
 1879 
 
 20 
 
 329,469 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 Including the City of Adelaide. 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. CORPORATIONS (EXCLUSIVE OF ADELAIDE). AREA, 
 POPULATION, ANNUAL AND CAPITAL VALUES, AND OUTSTANDING LOANS, 
 1902 TO 1917. 
 
 *Year 
 ending 
 30th 
 Nov. 
 
 Number 
 of Cor- 
 Sora- 
 ons. 
 
 Area. 
 
 Population 
 (Approxi- 
 mate). 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Houses. 
 
 Length 
 of 
 Roads. 
 
 Annual 
 Value. 
 
 Capital 
 Value. 
 
 Out- 
 standing 
 Loans. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1902 
 
 31 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 755,893 
 
 
 39,310 
 
 1903 
 
 31 
 
 
 e 
 
 
 
 765,187 
 
 
 51,302 
 
 1904 
 
 31 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 
 773,097 
 
 . . 
 
 47,596 
 
 1905 
 
 31 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 
 777,905 
 
 . . 
 
 41,361 
 
 1906 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 787,816 
 
 . . 
 
 42,837 
 
 1907 
 
 31 
 
 47,444. 
 
 128,183 
 
 25,365 
 
 717 
 
 785,868 
 
 14,868,681 
 
 43,515 
 
 1908 
 
 31 
 
 48,444 
 
 130,397 
 
 26,343 
 
 730 
 
 809,630 
 
 16,362,170 
 
 48,205 
 
 1909 
 
 31 
 
 48,666 
 
 133,521 
 
 28,819 
 
 757 
 
 842,313 
 
 16,063,114 
 
 48,063 
 
 1910 
 
 31 
 
 48,666 
 
 132,304 
 
 28,940 
 
 744 
 
 869,320 
 
 16,685,622 
 
 52,743 
 
 1911 
 
 31 
 
 48,443 
 
 134,754 
 
 28,660 
 
 770 
 
 941,993 
 
 18,605,379 
 
 53,469 
 
 1912 
 
 31 
 
 48,521 
 
 139,569 
 
 30,938 
 
 905 
 
 999,097 
 
 20,011,402 
 
 70,853 
 
 1913 
 
 31 
 
 48,521 
 
 147,483 
 
 32,238 
 
 828 
 
 ,125,731 
 
 22,048,176 
 
 84,331 
 
 1914 
 
 32 
 
 48,977 
 
 149,939 
 
 33,906 
 
 847 
 
 ,178,168 
 
 23,333,733 
 
 103,928 
 
 1915 
 
 32 
 
 48,071 
 
 147,249 
 
 35,197 
 
 863 
 
 ,195,053 
 
 23,683,494 
 
 117,585 
 
 1916 
 
 33 
 
 49,185 
 
 154,129 
 
 37,727 
 
 905 
 
 ,272,217 
 
 24,531,967 
 
 125,849 
 
 1917 
 
 33 
 
 49,448 
 
 156,335 
 
 38,661 
 
 906 
 
 ,614,752 
 
 25,002,009 
 
 140,309 
 
 Excepting 1902 and 1903, in which the year ends on the 31st December. 
 
80 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS (EXCLUSIVE OF ADELAIDE). 
 REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1855 TO 1917. 
 
 Year.* 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Bates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1855f.. 
 
 707 
 
 763 
 
 
 1,470 
 
 192 
 
 1,387 
 
 
 1,579 
 
 1856f.. 
 
 1,147 
 
 3,947 
 
 
 5,094 
 
 740 
 
 3,710 
 
 
 4,450 
 
 1857J.. 
 
 9,286 
 
 12,617 
 
 10J61 
 
 32,064 
 
 2,816 
 
 28,522 
 
 .*. 
 
 31,338 
 
 1858J.. 
 
 10,288 
 
 12,304 
 
 7,344 
 
 29,936 
 
 4,066 
 
 27,442 
 
 . . 
 
 31,508 
 
 1859$.. 
 
 10,974 
 
 12,837 
 
 5,794 
 
 29,605 
 
 4,041 
 
 23,245 
 
 . . 
 
 27,286 
 
 1860 .. 
 
 3,203 
 
 2,486 
 
 615 
 
 6,304 
 
 757 
 
 4,607 
 
 
 5,364 
 
 1861 .. 
 
 3,136 
 
 2,576 
 
 812 
 
 6,524 
 
 1,298 
 
 6,235 
 
 
 7,533 
 
 1862 .. 
 
 2,201 
 
 1,940 
 
 288 
 
 4,429 
 
 1,005 
 
 3,617 
 
 . . . 
 
 4,622 
 
 1863 .. 
 
 3,463 
 
 2,926 
 
 623 
 
 7,012 
 
 1,139 
 
 5,654 
 
 . . 
 
 6,793 
 
 1864 .. 
 
 3,337 
 
 2,617 
 
 947 
 
 6,901 
 
 1,102 
 
 5,522 
 
 
 6,624 
 
 1865 .. 
 
 4,673 
 
 4,367 
 
 873 
 
 9,913 
 
 1,467 
 
 8,726 
 
 
 10,193 
 
 1866 .. 
 
 3,885 
 
 5,945 
 
 1,444 
 
 11,274 
 
 1,041 
 
 12,108 
 
 
 13,149 
 
 1867 .. 
 
 5,470 
 
 6,410 
 
 2,155 
 
 14,035 
 
 1,743 
 
 10,879 
 
 
 12,622 
 
 1868 .. 
 
 4,908 
 
 3,964 
 
 1,400 
 
 10,272 
 
 1,879 
 
 8,004 
 
 
 9,883 
 
 1869 .. 
 
 5,719 
 
 4,473 
 
 1,785 
 
 11,977 
 
 2,093 
 
 8,494 
 
 
 10,587 
 
 1870 .. 
 
 5,157 
 
 4,808 
 
 1,166 
 
 11,131 
 
 1,529 
 
 8,250 
 
 
 9,779 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 5,799 
 
 4,628 
 
 2,785 
 
 13,212 
 
 1,716 
 
 9,156 
 
 2,419 
 
 13,291 
 
 1872 .. 
 
 7,294 
 
 5,399 
 
 3,117 
 
 15,810 
 
 1,667 
 
 10,461 
 
 3,030 
 
 15,158 
 
 1873 .. 
 
 . 7,672 
 
 6,662 
 
 5,170 
 
 19,504 
 
 2,138 
 
 12,982 
 
 4,051 
 
 19,171 
 
 1874 .. 
 
 8,665 
 
 6,602 
 
 8,755 
 
 24,022 
 
 2,596 
 
 16,577 
 
 4,812 
 
 23,985 
 
 1875 .. 
 
 10,343 
 
 8,069 
 
 10,333 
 
 28,745 
 
 2,882 
 
 18,319 
 
 7,661 
 
 28,862 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 12,018 
 
 8,952 
 
 12,324 
 
 33,294 
 
 3,171 
 
 19,150 
 
 10,985 
 
 33,306 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 13,351 
 
 9,307 
 
 15,466 
 
 38,124 
 
 4,491 
 
 21,964 
 
 12,302 
 
 38,757 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 15,683 
 
 9,802 
 
 20,493 
 
 45,978 
 
 4,254 
 
 23,984 
 
 17,776 
 
 46,014 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 18,420 
 
 14,834 
 
 18,143 
 
 51,397 
 
 4,852 
 
 28,636 
 
 17,842 
 
 51,330 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 18,211 
 
 16,785 
 
 26,324 
 
 61,320 
 
 4,760 
 
 32,908 
 
 21,358 
 
 59,026 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 19,630 
 
 16,101 
 
 25,098 
 
 60,829 
 
 5,163 
 
 37,020 
 
 17,267 
 
 59,450 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 20,838 
 
 18,659 
 
 33,019 
 
 72,516 
 
 5,595 
 
 40,058 
 
 21,052 
 
 66,705 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 25,719 
 
 20,957 
 
 40,924 
 
 87,600 
 
 7,732 
 
 43,626 
 
 28,620 
 
 79,978 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 31,762 
 
 26,668 
 
 51,420 
 
 109,850 
 
 8,465 
 
 54,961 
 
 33,001 
 
 96,427 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 33,331 
 
 18,717 
 
 44,615 
 
 96,663 
 
 . 7,980 
 
 48,724 
 
 39,143 
 
 95,847 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 32,509 
 
 16,183 
 
 39,265 
 
 87,957 
 
 7,847 
 
 37,898 
 
 41,320 
 
 87,065 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 32,368 
 
 5,954 
 
 27.970 
 
 66,292 
 
 7,074 
 
 23,322 
 
 34,873 
 
 65,269 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 31,469 
 
 6,481 
 
 26,116 
 
 64,066 
 
 6,900 
 
 22,856 
 
 33,662 
 
 63,418 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 30,948 
 
 11,574 
 
 21,303 
 
 63,825 
 
 6,962 
 
 27,407 
 
 26,193 
 
 60,562 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 39,363 
 
 5,817 
 
 25,955 
 
 71,135 
 
 10,442 
 
 31,939 
 
 27,983 
 
 70,364 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 33,813 
 
 12,897 
 
 37,479 
 
 84,189 
 
 8,067 
 
 35,776 
 
 41,101 
 
 84,944 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 34,978 
 
 13,266 
 
 32,189 
 
 80,433 
 
 13,317 
 
 31,655 
 
 35,556 
 
 80,528 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 38,127 
 
 12,169 
 
 29,557 
 
 79,853 
 
 11,257 
 
 32,464 
 
 34,835 
 
 78,556 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 37,418 
 
 12,977 
 
 26,326 
 
 76,721 
 
 8,926 
 
 38,868 
 
 30,458 
 
 78,252 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 37,659 
 
 12,812 
 
 28,352 
 
 78,823 
 
 8,791 
 
 36,977 
 
 31,732 
 
 77,500 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 40,771 
 
 16,278 
 
 23,909 
 
 80,958 
 
 8,733 
 
 35,846 
 
 36,860 
 
 81,439 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 38,827 
 
 16,188 
 
 24,998 
 
 80,013 
 
 9,232 
 
 35,871 
 
 34,598 
 
 79,701 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 40,024 
 
 18,059 
 
 31,304 
 
 89,387 
 
 9,044 
 
 40,536 
 
 39,659 
 
 89,239 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 42,133 
 
 18,069 
 
 26,858 
 
 87,060 
 
 9,140 
 
 37,773 
 
 39,559 
 
 86,472 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 45,787 
 
 18,280 
 
 27,660 
 
 "91,727 
 
 9,386 
 
 40,007 
 
 41,821 
 
 91,214 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 51,883 
 
 19,126 
 
 24,143 
 
 95,152 
 
 9,430 
 
 40,638 
 
 44,759 
 
 94,827 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 48,462 
 
 16,873 
 
 35,818 
 
 101,153 
 
 9,455 
 
 43,081 
 
 48,466 
 
 101,002 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 45,891 
 
 17,864 
 
 36,914 
 
 100,669 
 
 8,562 
 
 40,337 
 
 50,581 
 
 99,480 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 56,248 
 
 14,301 
 
 26,414 
 
 96,963 
 
 8,214 
 
 37,569 
 
 50,629 
 
 96,412 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 54,444 
 
 19,488 
 
 24,974 
 
 98,906 
 
 8,757 
 
 43,179 
 
 46,898 
 
 98,834 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 56,754 
 
 16,251 
 
 28,223 
 
 101,228 
 
 9,713 
 
 44,642 
 
 45,345 
 
 99,700 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 59,818 
 
 14,860 
 
 20,562 
 
 95,240 
 
 10,659 
 
 41,406 
 
 48,046 
 
 100,111 
 
 * Ending 31st December from 1855 to 1903, and 30th November from 1904 to 1917. 
 t Number of Corporations in 1855, 1 ; in 1856, 3. 
 J Including the City of Adelaide. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 81 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS (EXCLUSIVE OF 
 ADELAIDE). REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1855 TO 1917 continued. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Your.* 
 
 Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 61,379 
 
 16,384 
 
 25,793 
 
 103,556 
 
 10,850 
 
 36,527 
 
 58,310 
 
 105,687 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 64,853 
 
 18,987 
 
 28,852 ! 112,692 
 
 10,342 
 
 46,694 
 
 52,465 
 
 109,501 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 67,856 
 
 23,661 
 
 31,464 
 
 122,981 
 
 12,012 
 
 56,482 
 
 55,037 
 
 123,531 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 77,699 
 
 22,250 
 
 31,902 
 
 131,851 
 
 12,787 
 
 58,067 
 
 64,098 
 
 134,952 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 81,434 
 
 22,395 
 
 39,203 
 
 143,032 
 
 13,375 
 
 60,128 
 
 73,608 
 
 147,111 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 90,618 
 
 23,527 
 
 32,146 
 
 146,291 
 
 14,644 
 
 70,879 
 
 65,386 
 
 150,909 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 99,305 
 
 24,140 
 
 33,592 
 
 157,037 
 
 14,906 
 
 64,347 
 
 84,464 
 
 163,717 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 102,126 
 
 25,441 
 
 31,777 
 
 159,344 
 
 14,841 
 
 63,911 
 
 84.515 
 
 163,267 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 104,411 
 
 23,713 
 
 35,000 
 
 163,124 
 
 16,177 
 
 68,186 
 
 74,201 
 
 158,564 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 109,828 
 
 28,626 
 
 43,589 
 
 182,043 
 
 14,927 
 
 75,845 
 
 88,613 
 
 179,385 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 * Ending 31st December from 1855 to 1903, and 30th November from 1904 to 1917. 
 
 (D) District Councils. 
 
 1. District Councils Act 1852. Under this Act the Governor was empowered to 
 constitute Districts on the petition of twenty ratepayers, and to appoint the members 
 of the first Board, of whom there were five. All occupiers, owners, and tenants were 
 qualified to vote for members, and the voting was held publicly. A District Council 
 was given control of the roads within its District, and was authorized to license pounds, 
 and to issue slaughtering, depasturing, and timber licences ; it also had the power of 
 the general meetings of Justices to license public houses. An assessment was to be 
 made and a rate, not exceeding two shillings in the pound on the annual value, was to 
 be fixed at a public meeting of ratepayers, at which a ratepayer had one vote for an 
 annual value of 25, with an additional vote for each additional 10 in value, up to a 
 maximum of six votes. A District Council could also raise loans, and impose a rate 
 which would enable the loan to be repaid within fifteen years, but such rate must not 
 bring the total amount of rates above two shillings in the pound, and the sanction of 
 the ratepayers must have been previously obtained. In order to raise a constabulary 
 force, the collector of a District Council was required to make out a list of all able-bodied 
 men in the District between the ages of 21 and 50, and the Council nominated persons 
 to serve as constables during the year. The penalty for refusing to serve was 5, but 
 a person chosen could provide a substitute, and fines for non-service aggregating 10 
 were considered as equivalent to providing a substitute. 
 
 An amendment to this Act in 1854 authorized a District Council to impose a general 
 rate not exceeding one shilling in the pound, but further rates not exceeding two 
 shillings in the pound could be sanctioned by the ratepayers. Upon petition of twenty 
 ratepayers a District could be subdivided into Wards. Water reserves and unbranded 
 cattle at large were vested in the Council ; and it was stipulated that no special or 
 stipendiary magistrate or holder of a publican's licence was eligible as Councillor. 
 
 2. District Councils Act 1858. This Act consolidated the previous Act and 
 amendments. The number of members of the Council remained at five, and the same 
 persons were disqualified from acting. A ratepayer was defined as the occupier of 
 rateable property or the owner of unoccupied rateable property, and the following 
 classes of property were exempted from rating : (a) waste lands of the Crown ; 
 (6) Crown lands used for public purposes ; (c) churches and chapels ; (d) licensed schools, 
 or schools deriving aid from the Government or District Council ; (e) public buildings 
 and (/) land set apart for charitable or public purposes or for aborigines. The Chairman 
 was elected annually by the majority of votes of Councillors, half of whom retired 
 annually. The ratepayers elected two Auditors. The Council was entrusted with 
 the duties of managing district roads, water reserves, jetties, piers, schools, and 
 school houses ; of issuing depasturing, timbering, slaughtering and public house licences, 
 and of exercising the powers of the Impounding and Weights and Measures Acts. It 
 
82 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 also appointed constables as under the previous Act. Rates up to one shilling in the 
 pound, and, with the consent of the ratepayers, further rates up to two shillings could 
 be levied ; but, in order to raise a loan, the consent of two-thirds of the votes of the 
 voters at a special meeting had to be obtained. 
 
 In 1861 the section of the Act relating to the licensing of public houses by District 
 Councils was repealed. In 1865 voting was restricted to persons over 21 years of age, 
 and in 1867 the carrying out of the Width of Tires Act was entrusted to Local Authorities 
 in their respective Districts. 
 
 3. District Councils Act 1876. This Act consolidated and repealed the former Act, 
 but no important alterations were made. 
 
 Under the Ornamental Grounds Act 1881 a District Council, with the consent of 
 the ratepayers, was authorized to take charge of grounds dedicated to the public as 
 pleasure resorts, and could make by-laws regarding same, levy a rate not exceeding 
 threepence in the pound, and let portions for periods not exceeding eight days. 
 
 In 1885 urban, suburban, and country institutes were exempted from rates ; and in 
 the same year the Grants-in-Aid Regulation Act was passed, by which Municipal 
 Corporations, District Councils, and Drainage Boards were subsidized by the Govern- 
 ment on the basis of rates collected not exceeding one shilling in the pound. For the 
 financial year commencing 1st July, 1885, the subsidy was fixed at fifteen shillings in 
 the pound, and for the following year at ten shillings. 
 
 4. District Councils Act 1887. In 1887 the Act relating to District Councils was 
 again consolidated and amended. The chief points in this Act, which vary from those 
 in preceding Acts, were that the number of Councillors was fixed at a minimum of five 
 and a maximum of ten, Drainage Boards, were merged into District Councils, plural 
 voting was abolished, and Councils were given power to make new roads, ferries and 
 jetties, to undertake sewerage, drainage and water supply, and to establish pounds, 
 abattoirs, markets, baths, pleasure grounds, museums, hospitals, and charitable institu- 
 tions. The revenue of a Council was derived from rents, fines, rates, fees under the 
 Licensed Victuallers and Auctioneers Act, and Government subsidies. The maximum 
 general rate was fixed at one shilling and sixpence and that of all rates at two shillings and 
 sixpence in the pound ; while borrowing powers were limited to a sum not exceeding 
 ten times the amount which could be raised by a rate of one shilling in the pound. 
 
 In 1890, by the District Councils and Corporations Subsidy Act, the fees received 
 under the Licensed Victuallers and Auctioneers Acts were no longer paid to the Councils 
 but into the Treasury. In lieu thereof, an annual grant of five shillings in the pound on 
 all general rates not exceeding one shilling was paid by Government. In the case of a new 
 District Council or of portions not previously included under a District Council, the 
 grant for the first three years was raised to ten shillings. Power was given in 1891 to 
 Local Authorities to purchase, construct, and maintain gas-works, but existing gas-works 
 must be first purchased. Any Local Authority might undertake to supply electricity. 
 
 In 1893, under the Land Values Assessment Act, a poll of ratepayers could be held to 
 determine that the assessment should be made on the unimproved in place of the annual 
 value of property, but at least one-half of the ratepayers must have voted at the poll. 
 In 1900, however, this stipulation was altered, and, in order to carry the proposal, one- 
 quarter of the ratepayers on the roll must have voted in its favour. 
 
 In the event of this system being adopted, the maximum amount which could be 
 raised by rating must not exceed that obtained under the old system,' or, in the case of a 
 new District, the rate must not exceed twopence in the pound on the unimproved value. 
 
 The Free Libraries Act 1898 empowered District Councils to establish free libraries, 
 to borrow money, and to levy a rate for the same with the consent of the ratepayers ; 
 also, by the Noisy Trades Act of the same year, noisy trades might be proclaimed and 
 licensed on petition of a. Local Authority. 
 
 The licensing of places of public entertainment was placed in the hands of the Chairman 
 of a District Council in 1902, but the Act authorizing this was repealed in 1913. 
 
 An amendment of the District Councils Act in 1904 defined a Township as any Township 
 or Village containing 40 dwelling-houses within a radius of one mile. Power was given to 
 Councils to construct and work tramways, to levy a lighting rate not exceeding fourpence 
 in the pound of annual value, and to borrow for permanent works a sum not exceeding 
 three times the amount realized from a shilling rate ; provided that the amount of interest 
 and sinking fund did not exceed a threepenny rate. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 83 
 
 Recreation grounds were exempted from general and local taxation in 1910. 
 
 The Abattoirs Act 1911 provided for the establishment of an abattoirs area and 
 Board on the petition of 50 ratepayers, or after a poll, if such were demanded. If the 
 boundaries of such an area were conterminous with those of a District Council, the Council 
 became the Board ; in other cases, arrangements had to be made by the Councils interested 
 before the area was proclaimed. 
 
 Under the Roads Supervision and Works Act 1913 the Engineer for Roads and 
 Bridges was authorized to inspect, repair, or reconstruct any public road or bridge, and 
 to advise the Minister as to the proportions in which the moneys voted for main roads 
 should be allocated to Councils, and supervise the expenditure thereof by Councils. All 
 such grants were to be expended under the direction of and subject to the approval 
 of the Engineer for Roads and Bridges. 
 
 5. District Councils Act 1914. This Act repealed all former Acts relating to District 
 Councils and with the amending Act, of 1918 is at present in force. The folio whig are 
 the more important features of this Act : 
 
 (i) Areas of Districts. All existing Districts specified in a schedule to the Act remain 
 unchanged. A new District may be constituted by the Governor out of any part of the 
 State, not held under pastoral lease, which contains rateable property capable of yielding 
 200 on a rate not exceeding one shilling in the pound, and which is either an outlying 
 district or partly an outlying district and partly land comprised within one or more 
 previously existing Districts. For such constitution a petition must be signed by at 
 least 50 inhabitant owners or occupiers, and, if the proposed District comprises portion 
 of a previously existing District, by persons who are a majority of the ratepayers of such 
 portion and are owners or occupiers of more than one-half of the rateable property within 
 such portion. The Governor appoints the first Councillors and Auditors of a new District, 
 and may also, on petition, unite, subdivide, sever, or annex Districts, or divide same into 
 Wards. 
 
 (ii) Constitution of Councils. The number of Councillors must not be less than five 
 nor more than ten. Every ratepayer of full age is qualified to be a Councillor unless he 
 is (a) a minister of religion, (6) a stipendiary magistrate, (c) an uncertificated insolvent, 
 (d) a person who holds a place of profit at the disposal of the Council, or (e) interested 
 in a contract with the Council. An elected Councillor, with certain exemptions, is 
 compelled to serve. As regards the Councillors of existing Councils, one-half, or, if the 
 number is uneven, a minority must retire at the first annual election after the 
 commencement of the Act. At the first annual election for any new District all the 
 Councillors appointed by the Governor retire. At all subsequent elections one-half of 
 the Councillors retire annually, or, if the number of Councillors is uneven, the majority 
 and minority retire alternately. 
 
 Two Auditors are also elected by the ratepayers, but such Auditors need not be rate- 
 payers, and must not be Councillors. 
 
 The Chairman is elected by the Councillors from among their number. 
 
 (iii) Qualifications of Voters. Every ratepayer of the full age of 21 is entitled to vote 
 at the election of Councillors, and has one vote in each Ward in which his name is on the 
 assessment roll. A ratepayer is defined as the occupier or owner (other than the 
 Crown) of rateable property whose name appears in the assessment book. 
 
 (iv) Election of Councillors. The nomination of Councillors and Auditors takes place 
 on the second Saturday in June, and if more candidates are nominated than are required 
 to be elected, the polling is held on the first Saturday in July, when the election is held by 
 ballot. Newly elected Councillors enter on their duties from the first Saturday in July, 
 and Auditors from the first Saturday in September. If the Council fails to proceed to 
 an election within 21 days, any Justice resident within the District or any Special 
 Magistrate may, upon the request in writing of three ratepayers, perform every function 
 required by the Act for holding such election. 
 
 (v) Duties and Powers of Councils. The Council must appoint a male person of full 
 age to be District Clerk, and may appoint other officers, including constables. Every 
 able-bodied male ratepayer, between the ages of 21 and 50 years, is liable to serve as a 
 constable ; but certain persons are exempted from serving, and any person chosen may 
 provide a substitute. 
 
 A Council is empowered, with the consent of the Governor, to acquire land compulsorily 
 for the purpose of executing works authorized by the Act. A Council is the Local Board 
 
84 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 of Health under the Health Act, and no hospitals may be established without the consent 
 of the Council, which has also sole power to grant licences for slaughterhouses. Manu- 
 facturing Districts may be established on petition of six persons. All public roads and 
 streets, whether heretofore called main roads or district roads, together with bridges, 
 &c., are vested in the Council ; but moneys contributed by the Government towards the 
 construction or maintenance of main roads must be applied only to such roads. A Council 
 may reclaim land, erect abattoirs, manufacture gas or electricity for lighting streets, and 
 make by-laws regulating such matters as bathing, traffic, weighbridges, and so forth, and 
 licensing milk vendors, nightmen, and vehicles. A Council may grant a lease of recreation 
 grounds not exceeding 10 acres for a term up to 21 years for sports, shows, or public 
 recreation. 
 
 In 1918 a Council was also empowered to provide sheep dips, and to erect or contribute 
 to the erection of soldiers' memorials. 
 
 (vi) Valuation and Rates. An annual assessment is to be made on the following 
 principles : (a) as to any building and all land occupied therewith wherever situated, and 
 all land situate outside the limits of a township, at four-fifths of the gross annual rental 
 at which the whole would let for a term of seven years, or at 5 per centum on the capital 
 value of the fee simple ; (6) as to all township land unbuilt upon, at 5 per centum on the 
 capital value of the fee simple ; and (c) as to lands held under mining lease from the 
 Crown, at an assessment not exceeding the rental payable to the Crown. 
 
 A Council may, however, adopt a last previous assessment, with or without alterations, 
 but must cause a new assessment to be made every seven years at least. 
 
 Rates are of five kinds, general, special, separate, differential separate, and watering, 
 
 (a) General Rate. This is levied on all the property in the District, but must not be 
 less than one shilling nor more than two shillings in the pound on the assessed annual 
 value. 
 
 / (b) Special Rate. If the general rate is insufficient for the execution of any permanent 
 work, or if the same has not been provided for by a separate rate, the Council may by a 
 resolution passed by a majority of all the Councillors declare a special rate, but such special 
 rate, together with the general rate, must not exceed two shillings and sixpence in the 
 pound. The consent of the ratepayers must be obtained. 
 
 (c) Separate Rate. A majority in number of the ratepayers within any portion of a 
 District, representing not less than two-thirds in value of the property therein, may request 
 the Council to construct any specific works for the benefit of such portion. In such cases 
 a separate rate is struck, payable only by the ratepayers in that portion of the District 
 which is benefited. 
 
 (d) Differential Separate Rate. This may be levied for sanitary or lighting purposes, 
 for any permanent work, or for general purposes in any Ward or Township within a Ward, 
 provided that every such rate applies equally to all rateable property within the Ward or 
 Township. If the total amount of all rates, including the differential separate rates, exceeds 
 two shillings and sixpence in the pound, such rate must not be levied except on petition 
 of ratepayers similar to that required for a separate rate. 
 
 (e) Watering Rate. This may be struck, in addition to other rates, and is to be paid 
 rateably according to the lineal frontages of rateable properties on the streets watered. 
 
 (vii) Borrowing Powers. For the execution of any works for which a special or separate 
 rate has been declared, a Council may, with the consent of the ratepayers, borrow money 
 not exceeding ten times the amount which would result from a rate of one shilling per 
 pound of annual value. In addition, a Council may, also with the consent of the rate- 
 payers, borrow on the security of the general rates a sum not exceeding three times the 
 amount of a shilling rate, but such a loan must be repaid within 42 years, and the annual 
 interest, together with the sinking fund, must not exceed the amount realized by a 
 threepenny rate. A bank overdraft must not exceed one-half of the estimated revenue for 
 the current year, including subsidies. 
 
 (viii) Government Grants. The grant to a Council is an amount equal to five shillings 
 in the pound on the amount of general rates declared and actually collected. 
 
 (ix) Joint Authorities. Whenever a public road or bridge forms the common boundary 
 of any parts of two Districts, and ought, in the opinion of either Council, to be repaired, 
 one Council may require the other to concur with them and pay half the cost of such 
 repairs. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 85 
 
 Any four or more Councils, whose Districts include or abut upon a continuous portion 
 of the same line of main road, may each nominate annually one of their members as a 
 member of an Associated Roads Board. When such a Board is proclaimed, all main 
 roads or portions thereof specified in the proclamation are vested therein, and it is entrusted 
 with the expenditure of the moneys voted by Parliament. These Boards remain in 
 existence only for three years, unless the Governor continues them for a further period. 
 
 6. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following tables particulars as to District 
 Councils are given concerning (a) the number and annual values for the years 1857 to 
 1906 ; (b) the number, area, approximate population, number of houses, length of roads, 
 annual and capital values, and outstanding loans for the years 1907 to 1917 ; and (c) the 
 revenue and expenditure for the years 1855 to 1917. 
 
 In 1855 there were 34 District Councils, and in 1856, 42. In 1871 the population of 
 District Councils was 101,854 and the number of houses 20,500 ; while in 1876 the area 
 was 6,003 square miles, the population 101,698, and the number of houses' 19,720. 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. -DISTRICT COUNCILS. ANNUAL VALUE, 1857 TO 1906. 
 
 Year ending 
 :>()th June. 
 
 .Number of 
 Councils. 
 
 Annual 
 
 Value. 
 
 Year ending 
 30th June. 
 
 Number of 
 Councils. 
 
 Annual 
 
 Value. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 1857 
 
 43 
 
 367,117 
 
 1882 
 
 112 
 
 ,067,899 
 
 1858 
 
 45 
 
 364,007 
 
 1883 
 
 112 
 
 ,061,710 
 
 1859 
 
 46 
 
 310,971 
 
 1884 
 
 114 
 
 ,096,259 
 
 1860 
 
 46 
 
 421,892 
 
 1885 
 
 115 
 
 ,133,075 
 
 1861 
 
 46 
 
 415,437 
 
 1886 
 
 121 
 
 ,173,602 
 
 1862 
 
 47 
 
 456,709 
 
 1887 
 
 121 
 
 ,138,305 
 
 1863 
 
 47 
 
 411,896 
 
 1888 
 
 138 
 
 ,355,981 
 
 1864 
 
 48 
 
 434,527 
 
 1889 
 
 139 
 
 ,545,119 
 
 1865 
 
 53 
 
 476,161 
 
 1890 
 
 139 
 
 1,540,560 
 
 1866 
 
 54 
 
 505,067 
 
 1891 
 
 139 
 
 1,537,397 
 
 1867 
 
 59 
 
 576,979 
 
 1892 
 
 135 
 
 1,519,377 
 
 1868 
 
 67 
 
 630,283 
 
 1893 
 
 140 
 
 1,529,643 
 
 1869 
 
 70 
 
 647,116 
 
 1894 
 
 139 
 
 1,511,759 
 
 1870 
 
 71 
 
 649,817 
 
 1895 
 
 140 
 
 1,437,320 
 
 1871 
 
 72 
 
 644,308 
 
 1896 
 
 141 
 
 1,400,633 
 
 1872 
 
 76 
 
 648,688 
 
 1897 
 
 141 
 
 1,404,135 
 
 1873 
 
 79 
 
 658,594 
 
 1898* 
 
 141 
 
 1,410,019 
 
 1874 
 
 82 
 
 674,068 
 
 1899 
 
 140 
 
 1,412,900 
 
 1875 
 
 86 
 
 706,628 
 
 1900 
 
 140 
 
 1,416,149 
 
 1876 
 
 90 
 
 726,408 
 
 1901 
 
 140 
 
 1,412,507 
 
 1877 
 
 97 - 
 
 796,445 
 
 1902 
 
 141 
 
 ,433,036 
 
 1878 
 
 103 
 
 849,755 
 
 1903 
 
 141 
 
 ,452,413 
 
 1879 
 
 110 
 
 953,427 
 
 1904 
 
 141 
 
 ,488,716 
 
 1880 
 
 109 
 
 984,736 
 
 1905 
 
 142 
 
 ,503,230 
 
 1881 
 
 111 
 
 1,033,426 
 
 1906 
 
 140 
 
 ,604,979 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. DISTRICT COUNCILS. AREA, POPULATION, ANNUAL AND 
 CAPITAL VALUES, AND OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1907 TO 1917. 
 
 Year 
 ending 
 30th 
 
 June. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 
 Coim- 
 eiK 
 
 Population 
 Area. (Approxi- 
 inatv). 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Houses. 
 
 Length 
 of 
 Roads. 
 
 Annual 
 
 Value. 
 
 Capital 
 Value. 
 
 Out- 
 standing 
 Loan*. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 Acres. No. 
 
 No. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 143 
 
 27,154,720 199,903 
 
 42,897 
 
 29,022 
 
 1,647,895 
 
 33,888,989 
 
 4,602 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 143 
 
 27,154,020 211,094 
 
 45,872 
 
 32,928 
 
 1,801,370 
 
 37,630,815 
 
 4,871 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 144 
 
 27,852,803 217,459 
 
 47,350 
 
 33,577 
 
 1,849,286 
 
 37,817,101 
 
 4,501 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 144 
 
 27,852,000 214,792 
 
 47,597 
 
 32,531 
 
 2,098,282 
 
 41,200,625 
 
 6,372 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 145 
 
 28,947,295 221,082 
 
 47,483 
 
 32,629 
 
 2,146,530 
 
 46,197,825 
 
 5,413 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 146 
 
 28,957,269 237,487 
 
 50,983 
 
 32,769 
 
 2,145,091 
 
 47,268,831 
 
 5,649 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 147 
 
 29,292.449 230,494 
 
 52,821 
 
 33,175 
 
 2,296,546 
 
 49,327,346 
 
 7,100 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 147 
 
 29,298,518 235,781 
 
 54,872 
 
 35,198 
 
 2,435, (i.V, 
 
 50,698,248 
 
 7,364 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 148 
 
 29,175,012 240,985 
 
 55,912 
 
 38,215 
 
 2,601,298 
 
 52,367,953 
 
 6,476 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 148 
 
 29,618,277 238,825 
 
 57,920 
 
 42,634 
 
 2,662,066 
 
 53,049,262 
 
 13,264 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 150 
 
 29,620,681 ' 237,323 
 
 58,202 
 
 42,748 
 
 2,704,374 
 
 54,605,364 
 
 17,895 
 
86 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. DISTRICT COUNCILS. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1855 TO 1917. 
 
 Year 
 
 ending 
 30th 
 June. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Bates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1855 .. 
 
 15,468 
 
 9,168 
 
 . . 
 
 24,636 
 
 5,998 
 
 17,748 
 
 
 23,746 
 
 1856 .. 
 
 15,184 
 
 12,897 
 
 
 28,081 
 
 5,916 
 
 20,317 
 
 . 
 
 26,233 
 
 1857 .. 
 
 13,593 
 
 17,998 
 
 2,903 
 
 34,494 
 
 4,632 
 
 26,334 
 
 
 30,966 
 
 1858 .. 
 
 12,'402 
 
 10,950 
 
 2,183 
 
 25,535 
 
 4,348 
 
 25,487 
 
 
 29,835 
 
 1859 .. 
 
 11,348 
 
 10,734 
 
 1,943 
 
 24,025 
 
 4,461 
 
 20,392 
 
 
 24,853 
 
 1860 .. 
 
 12,731 
 
 12,525 
 
 3,176 
 
 28,432 
 
 4,618 
 
 23,312 
 
 
 27,930 
 
 1861 .. 
 
 12,509 
 
 11,093 
 
 4,721 
 
 28,323 
 
 5,229 
 
 23,171 
 
 . . 
 
 28,400 
 
 1862 .. 
 
 12,661 
 
 11,260 
 
 6,412 
 
 30,333 
 
 5,380 
 
 22,814 
 
 
 28,194 
 
 1863 .. 
 
 13,801 
 
 14,810 
 
 6,100 
 
 34,711 
 
 6,396 
 
 24,387 
 
 
 30,783 
 
 1864 .. 
 
 14,790 
 
 14,385 
 
 8,720 
 
 37,895 
 
 6,060 
 
 27,022 
 
 
 33,082 
 
 1865 .. 
 
 15,730 
 
 16,596 
 
 10,443 
 
 42,769 
 
 5,904 
 
 21,311 
 
 
 27,215 
 
 1866 .. 
 
 16,953 
 
 19,737 
 
 10,924 
 
 47,614 
 
 6,370 
 
 37,488 
 
 . . 
 
 43,858 
 
 1867 .. 
 
 20,368 
 
 25,757 
 
 10,676 
 
 56,801 
 
 7,738 
 
 45,437 
 
 
 53,175 
 
 1868 .. 
 
 22,000 
 
 25,174 
 
 10,209 
 
 57,383 
 
 5,935 
 
 44,322 
 
 4J57 
 
 54,414 
 
 1869 .. 
 
 24,847 
 
 17,320 
 
 11,845 
 
 54,012 
 
 6,625 
 
 38,546 
 
 7,870 
 
 53,041 
 
 1870 .. 
 
 25,258 
 
 16,705 
 
 7,901 
 
 49,864 . 
 
 5,696 
 
 38,251 
 
 7,648 
 
 51,595 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 24,017 
 
 25,677 
 
 6,369 
 
 56,063 
 
 6,274 
 
 39,111 
 
 7,116 
 
 52,501 
 
 1872 .. 
 
 24,013 
 
 25,105 
 
 7,720 
 
 56,838 
 
 5,886 
 
 42,850 
 
 5,626 
 
 54,362 
 
 1873 .. 
 
 24,307 
 
 20,198 
 
 6,598 
 
 51,103 
 
 5,668 
 
 38,474 
 
 5,152 
 
 49,294 
 
 1874 .. 
 
 26,599 
 
 16,695 
 
 10,965 
 
 54,259 
 
 6,109 
 
 47,181 
 
 6,183 
 
 59,473 
 
 1875 .. 
 
 27,876 
 
 23,790 
 
 11,221 
 
 62,887 
 
 7,055 
 
 45,107 
 
 10,516 
 
 62,678 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 30,135 
 
 25,974 
 
 12,802 
 
 68,911 
 
 7,369 
 
 49,999 
 
 11,508 
 
 68,876 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 31,347 
 
 26,843 
 
 13,345 
 
 71,535 
 
 8,366 
 
 51,391 
 
 11,595 
 
 71,352 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 35,530 
 
 36,081 
 
 15,046 
 
 86,657 
 
 7,144 
 
 60,996 
 
 14,827 
 
 82,967 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 39,007 
 
 43,064 
 
 30,457 
 
 112,528 
 
 11,556 
 
 83,733 
 
 13,858 
 
 109,147 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 43,724 
 
 39,548 
 
 16,638 
 
 99,910 
 
 12,134 
 
 68,467 
 
 15,574 
 
 96,175 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 44,219 
 
 36,729 
 
 15,673- 
 
 96,621 
 
 12,149 
 
 72,286 
 
 13,258 
 
 97,693 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 46,291 
 
 36,852 
 
 17,182 
 
 100,325 
 
 12,357 
 
 73,726 
 
 14,558 
 
 100,641 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 45,108 
 
 36,939 
 
 14,918 
 
 96,965 
 
 11,952 
 
 71,170 
 
 13,976 
 
 97,098 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 46,933 
 
 38,878 
 
 17,894 
 
 103,705 
 
 12,750 
 
 76,269 
 
 14,572 
 
 103,591 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 49,390 
 
 38,449 
 
 19,315 
 
 107,154 
 
 12,199 
 
 ,77,192 
 
 17,934 
 
 107,325 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 48,699 
 
 33,854 
 
 21,211 
 
 103,764 
 
 12,445 
 
 75,808 
 
 18,867 
 
 107,120 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 43,553 
 
 21,354 
 
 18,507 
 
 83,414 
 
 11,715 
 
 57,221 
 
 15,833 
 
 84,769 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 46,149 
 
 24,243 
 
 21,118 
 
 91,510 
 
 15,752 
 
 53,433 
 
 19,594 
 
 88,779 
 
 1889 . . 
 
 61,330 
 
 87,969 
 
 27,553 
 
 176,852 
 
 19,664 
 
 100,423 
 
 28,159 
 
 148,246 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 63,137 
 
 141,810 
 
 36,667 
 
 241,614 
 
 19,758 
 
 197,968 
 
 25,727 
 
 243,453 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 68,625 
 
 113,759 
 
 35,303 
 
 217,687 
 
 19,745 
 
 168,173 
 
 32,815 
 
 220,733 
 
 1892 . . 
 
 64,269 
 
 111,703 
 
 38,332 
 
 214,304 
 
 20,092 ' 
 
 157,587 
 
 36,973 
 
 214,652 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 65,189 
 
 119,722 
 
 40,353 
 
 225,264 
 
 22,667 
 
 142,563 
 
 49,515 
 
 214,745 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 65,486 
 
 84,213 
 
 36,100 
 
 185,799 
 
 21,093 
 
 134,495 
 
 42,941 
 
 198,529 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 60,842 
 
 111,727 
 
 26,144 
 
 198,713 
 
 20,672 
 
 127,640 
 
 41,035 
 
 189,347 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 60,474 
 
 97,619 
 
 38,576 
 
 196,669 
 
 21,079 
 
 133,327 
 
 43,436 
 
 197,842 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 57,618 
 
 102,418 
 
 38,878 
 
 198,914 
 
 20,395 
 
 129,586 
 
 50,016 
 
 199,997 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 59,998 
 
 102,524 
 
 46,142 
 
 208,664 
 
 20,864 
 
 135,891 
 
 54,083 
 
 210,838 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 60,309 
 
 99,505 
 
 37,329 
 
 197,143 
 
 19,947 
 
 131,732 
 
 44,466 
 
 196,145 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 61,436 
 
 112,743 
 
 28,775 
 
 202,954 
 
 20,244 
 
 130,949 
 
 41,008 
 
 192,201 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 63,321 
 
 107,659 
 
 43,401 
 
 214,381 
 
 20,701 
 
 144,753 
 
 48,507 
 
 213,961 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 63,193 
 
 97,501 
 
 29,086 
 
 189,780 
 
 20,222 
 
 135,478 
 
 41,477 
 
 197,177 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 64,207 
 
 89,455 
 
 30,360 
 
 184,022 
 
 20,156 
 
 125,185 
 
 43,042 
 
 188,383 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 70,975 
 
 72,808 
 
 42,752 
 
 186,535 
 
 19,728 
 
 125,946 
 
 38,424 
 
 184,098 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 71,603 
 
 78,196 
 
 19,650 
 
 199,449 
 
 20,258 
 
 130,868 
 
 46,173 
 
 197,299 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 75,253 
 
 77,413 
 
 43,142 
 
 195,808 
 
 21,498 
 
 131,386 
 
 39,740 
 
 192,624 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 81,295 
 
 88,846 
 
 28,614 
 
 198,755 
 
 19,123 
 
 139,035 
 
 27,251 
 
 185,409 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 84,036 
 
 103,888 
 
 27,120 
 
 215,044 
 
 19,910 
 
 160,070 
 
 27,061 
 
 207,041 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 89,051 
 
 99,912 
 
 31,143 
 
 220,106 
 
 20,530 
 
 176,247 
 
 32,123 
 
 228,900 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 87 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. DISTRICT COUNCILS. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1855 TO 1917 continued. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year 
 
 
 
 ending 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 90th 
 
 June. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 96,550 
 
 131,579 
 
 30,183 
 
 258,312 
 
 21,739 
 
 184,834 
 
 29,388 
 
 235,961 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 106,963 
 
 138,414 
 
 29,980 
 
 275,357 
 
 22,522 
 
 214,875 
 
 33,844 
 
 271,241 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 115,427 
 
 148,179 
 
 38,797 
 
 302,403 
 
 24,805 
 
 245,623 
 
 39,027 
 
 309,455 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 123,317 
 
 136,071 
 
 38,007 
 
 297,395 
 
 26,028 
 
 244,596 
 
 40,558 
 
 311,182 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 132,277 
 
 162,925 
 
 38,649 
 
 333,851 
 
 27,490 
 
 244,351 
 
 44,338 
 
 316,179 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 128,859 
 
 149,721 
 
 27,633 
 
 306,213 
 
 28,484 
 
 254,994 
 
 42,783 
 
 326,261 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 148,895 
 
 117,751 
 
 28,609 
 
 295,255 
 
 29,821 
 
 194,463 
 
 41,489 
 
 265,773 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 155,677 
 
 145,718 
 
 32,666 
 
 334,061 
 
 25,069 
 
 218,167 
 
 56,142 
 
 299,378 
 
 (E) City of Adelaide. 
 
 1. General. The City of Adelaide was first incorporated in 1840 under a special 
 Ordinance, but the Council only remained in existence until 1843. From 1843 to 1849 
 the City was managed as a Government Department, and from 1849 to 1852 by City 
 Commissioners. An Ordinance reincorporating the City was issued in 1849, but it was 
 not until 1852 that a Council was elected. The 1849 Ordinance applied primarily to 
 Adelaide, and although subsequent Acts were passed relating specially to that City, it 
 has, since the passing of the Municipal Corporations Act 1881, been subject to the 
 provisions of the Acts relating to Municipal Corporations generally. 
 
 2. Municipal Corporations Ordinance 1840. Under this Ordinance a Council was 
 formed for Adelaide, consisting of nineteen common Councillors, of whom one was 
 appointed Mayor, and three were appointed Aldermen. In order to be qualified for 
 election as a Councillor a person required to be the proprietor or occupier of a house at 
 a yearly rental of at least 50, or to be possessed of personal property of the value of 
 500, and not to be pecuniarily interested in any contract with the Council. A Citizen 
 was defined as a male person of full age who had been resident for six months within 
 the Province, who was the proprietor or occupier of land, a house, shop, &c., within the 
 City of the annual value of 20, and actually resided either within the City or within 
 the radius of 7 miles thereof, provided that he had paid all rates before the 15th July, 
 was not in receipt of charitable relief, and had not been convicted of felony or mis- 
 demeanour involving three months' hard labour, within the previous two years. The 
 Bench of Magistrates nominated the Returning Officer and two Assessors for the first 
 election. At subsequent elections the Mayor was to be the Returning Officer, while 
 Assessors were still to be appointed by the Magistrates. The method of electing 
 Councillors was peculiar, the Ordinance providing that the electors by voluntary 
 classification could form themselves into as many electoral sections or quorums as there 
 were members to be elected. Each quorum, provided that the members could agree 
 upon a unanimous vote, could return one member to the Common Council, and the 
 Returning Officer must declare such member duly elected. Each quorum consisted of 
 one-nineteenth of the ratepayers. If the full number of members was not elected by 
 such quorums, the balance was elected by the ratepayers who had not voted at 
 quorums, but each voter could only vote for one candidate. Four Aldermen 
 were elected by the Councillors, and the Aldermen elected the Mayor from among 
 their number. Half the Aldermen, including the Mayor as an Alderman, remained 
 in office for two years without re-election, while the Councillors retired annually. 
 The Council was given power to carry out all necessary public improvements such 
 as streets, paths and bridges, tree planting, digging wells, conduits, and sewers, 
 the prevention of fires, the suppression of infectious diseases, the regulation of weights 
 and measures, and of the quality of bread, meat, and other provisions, the seizure of 
 unwholesome provisions, the restraint of gambling, play-houses, and houses of ill-fame, 
 the regulation of carters, porters, and drivers, the abatement of public nuisances, and 
 the paving, cleansing, lighting, and water supply of the City. A valuation was to be 
 
88 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 made, and a rate struck not exceeding ninepence in the pound of the fair annual value, 
 but this rate need not be uniform for lighting, draining, &c., while public buildings and 
 land, and the property of the Colonization Commissioners, were exempt from rating. 
 In addition to obtaining revenue from rates, the Council could also levy tolls and erect 
 turnpikes, and a proportion of the fines received for police offences was also paid them ; 
 but when sufficient funds had been raised from this last source the Council had to 
 contribute to the cost of prosecution and the maintenance of gaols. 
 
 3. Management of the City as a Government Department, 1843. In 1842 an 
 amendment was made authorizing the Governor to abridge, amend, alter, or take away 
 the corporate rights of the City of Adelaide, and in 1843 this was acted on, and the City 
 managed as a Government Department during the ensuing six years. 
 
 4. Management of the City by Commissioners, 1849. In September, 1849, the 
 management of the City was handed over to a Board of five Commissioners appointed 
 by the Governor, one of whom was the Colonial Engineer, and these Commissioners 
 remained in control until June, 1852. The Ordinances of 1840 and 1842 were, however, 
 not repealed until 1846, when the property of the City was vested in the Crown, which 
 undertook to liquidate the debts thereof. In the same year the Commissioner of Police 
 and the Police Magistrate were authorized to levy City rates not exceeding sixpence in 
 the pound on the net annual value, and the Magistrate also appointed the Assessors. 
 During the half-year ending 31st March, 1847, the expenditure on the salary of the Town 
 Surveyor was limited to 100, and that on repairing the streets of Adelaide to 600, 
 while the respective amounts for the year ending 31st March, 1848, were 200 and 1,000. 
 
 5. Municipal Corporations Ordinance 1849. This Ordinance was intended to apply 
 primarily to the City of Adelaide, and to take effect upon the petition of at least 400 
 ratepayers, representing property rated at the yearly value of 15,000 within the City. 
 
 Provision was made for the incorporation of the inhabitants of Adelaide as Mayor, 
 Aldermen, Councillors, and Citizens, and for the division of the City into four Wards, 
 each with one Alderman and three Councillors. The qualifications for a Citizen or 
 member of the Council were : being a full-aged male occupier, either as owner or tenant 
 of a building within the City for one whole year, and an inhabitant householder in, or 
 witnin 7 miles of the City. The Mayor was elected by the Council. At the first 
 election the ratepayers elected four Councillors in each Ward, and the Councillor receiving 
 the largest number of votes in each Ward was selected as Alderman; two Auditors 
 were also elected by the Citizens as a whole. One Councillor in each Ward retired 
 annually and half the Aldermen every third year. The Council appointed a valuator, 
 who was to make a valuation of the fair average annual value on which rates were to be 
 struck, the lighting rate for such parts as were lighted being limited to fourpence in the 
 pound. The Council, in addition to repairing the streets and other like duties, was 
 empowered to make common sewers, waterworks, levy water rates, and to have sole 
 control of public slaughterhouses and markets. The park lands were also placed under 
 the control of the City Council. 
 
 Until the first elections were held under this Ordinance the City Commissioners were 
 to remain in office. 
 
 The first elections were to have been held in December, 1851, but they were postponed 
 until the 1st June, 1852, when the City Council of Adelaide came into being again. 
 
 In 1852 an Act was passed by which the aggregate salaries of the Mayor, Town Clerk, 
 Treasurer, and other officers of the City of Adelaide were not to exceed 2,000 per 
 annum. 
 
 Under the Amending Act of 1854 the Council was empowered to establish baths 
 and washhouses, to levy rates for the same, and to borrow up to 10,000. It was also 
 authorized to improve the park lands and license weighbridges, and given powers under 
 the Weights and Measures, Impounding, and other similar Acts. 
 
 In 1856 the nomination of candidates was provided for, and the City authorized to 
 erect public slaughter-houses. The keeping of swine in the City was prohibited. The 
 provisions of the Amending Act passed in this year extended also to the Towns of 
 Kensington and Norwood, and might be extended to any other Corporation. 
 
 An amendment made in 1857 provided that assessments were to be made according 
 to the full, fair, and average estimated annual rent at which the property would let for 
 21 years, or by the foot frontage on a building, or on an improving lease for 21 years. 
 The provisions of this Act might be extended to any corporate Town, 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 89 
 
 In 1858 the erection of wooden and other dangerous buildings in Adelaide was 
 prohibited. 
 
 The repeal of the 1849 and subsequent Acts in 1861 brought the City of Adelaide 
 under the same legislation as other Municipalities. 
 
 In 1873 the number of Wards was increased to six, each with one Alderman and two 
 Councillors, and this number of Wards has been adhered to up to the present. The 
 borrowing powers of the Council were at the same time raised to 40,000, and the 
 Council was also authorized to borrow a further 25,000 for the purpose of establishing 
 markets. 
 
 6. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the succeeding tables particulars are given for the 
 City of Adelaide concerning (a) the annual values for the years 1860 to 1901 ; (b) the area, 
 approximate population, number of houses, length of roads, and capital value for the 
 years 1907 to 1917, and the annual value and outstanding loans for the years 1902 to 
 1917 ; and (c) the revenue and expenditure for the years 1841 to 1917. 
 
 In 1871 the population of the City of Adelaide numbered 27,208 and the number of 
 houses was 6,156, while in 1876 the area was 5f square miles, the population 31,573, and 
 the number of houses 7,041. ' 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. CITY OF ADELAIDE. ANNUAL VALUE, 1860 TO 1901. 
 
 Year 
 ending 
 31st 
 Dec. 
 
 Annual 
 Value. 
 
 Year 
 ending 
 31st 
 Dec. 
 
 Annual 
 Value. 
 
 Year 
 ending 
 31st 
 Dec. 
 
 Annual 
 Value. 
 
 Year 
 ending 
 31st 
 Dec. 
 
 Annual 
 
 Value. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1860 . . 
 
 165,433 
 
 1871 
 
 212,841 
 
 1882 
 
 405,763 
 
 1892 
 
 392,820 
 
 1861 . . 
 
 165,481 
 
 1872 
 
 209,246 
 
 1883 
 
 485,068 
 
 1893 
 
 392,976 
 
 1862 . . 
 
 150,200 
 
 1873 
 
 212,949 
 
 1884 
 
 495,737 
 
 1894 
 
 393,522 
 
 1863 . . 
 
 149,732 
 
 1874 
 
 216,991 
 
 1885 
 
 498,776 
 
 1895 
 
 411,297 
 
 1864 . . 
 
 160,921 
 
 1875 
 
 225,086 
 
 1886 
 
 433,373 
 
 1896 
 
 413,013 
 
 1865 . . 
 
 166,187 
 
 1876 
 
 239,355 
 
 1887 
 
 351,779 
 
 1897 
 
 425,606 
 
 1866 . . 
 
 170,240 
 
 1877 
 
 263,632 
 
 1888 
 
 358,532 
 
 1898 
 
 425,606 
 
 1867 . . 
 
 182,224 
 
 1878 
 
 289,030 
 
 1889 
 
 390,375 
 
 1899 
 
 425,826 
 
 1868 . . 
 
 185,496 
 
 1879 
 
 322,475 
 
 1890 
 
 388,847 
 
 1900 
 
 429,369 
 
 1869 . . 
 
 201,336 
 
 1880 
 
 354,557 
 
 1891 
 
 392,819 
 
 1901 
 
 434,538 
 
 1870 . . 
 
 209,717 
 
 1881 
 
 384,101 
 
 
 
 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA.- CITY OF ADELAIDE. AREA, POPULATION, ANNUAL AND 
 CAPITAL VALUES, AND OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1902 TO 1917. 
 
 Year ending 
 30th November. 
 
 Area. 
 
 Population 
 (Approxi- 
 mate). 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Houses. 
 
 Length 
 of 
 Roads. 
 
 Annual 
 Value. 
 
 Capital 
 Value. 
 
 Out- 
 standing 
 Loans. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 .No. 
 
 
 Miles. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1902* .. 
 
 
 
 
 
 440,098 
 
 . . 
 
 67,000 
 
 1903* .. 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 443,638 
 
 
 67,900 
 
 1904 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 449,425 
 
 . . 
 
 64,900 
 
 1905 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 458,673 
 
 
 60,900 
 
 1906 
 
 . f 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 
 465,750 
 
 
 58,900 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 3,268 
 
 40,185 
 
 10,776 
 
 62 
 
 469,088 
 
 9,381,760 
 
 75,900. 
 
 1908 
 
 3,268 
 
 40,325 
 
 10,835 
 
 62 
 
 477,066 
 
 9,541,320 
 
 75,900 
 
 1909 
 
 3,778 
 
 40,465 
 
 10,870 
 
 62 
 
 498,442 
 
 9,968,840 
 
 75,900 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 3,778 
 
 42,000 
 
 8,500 
 
 62 
 
 516,432 
 
 10,328,640 
 
 136,350 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 3,778 
 
 42,294 
 
 8,343 
 
 79 
 
 557,019 
 
 11,140,^80 
 
 141,468 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 3,778 
 
 42,675 
 
 7,870 
 
 83 
 
 605,998 
 
 12,119,960 
 
 146,732 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 3,778 
 
 43,133 
 
 7,900 
 
 83 
 
 651,892 
 
 13,753,460 
 
 152,145 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 3,778 
 
 43,438 
 
 7,900 
 
 79 
 
 718,105 
 
 14,362,100 
 
 191,054 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 3,778 
 
 41,556 
 
 7,976 
 
 80 
 
 723,203 
 
 14,464,060 
 
 220,814 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 3,778 
 
 39,643 
 
 11,680 
 
 80 
 
 734,585 
 
 14,691,700 
 
 216,671 
 
 1917 
 
 3,778 
 
 39,474 
 
 10,000 
 
 82 
 
 739,897 
 
 14,797,940 
 
 213,712 
 
 * Years ending 31st December. 
 
90 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. CITY OF ADELAIDE. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1841 TO 1917. 
 
 
 He venue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year.* 
 
 .Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration . 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1841| . . 
 
 57 
 
 250 
 
 220 
 
 527 
 
 292 
 
 
 175 
 
 467 
 
 1842 . . 
 
 1,306 
 
 
 383 
 
 1,689 
 
 968 
 
 
 687 
 
 1,655 
 
 1843-7$.. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1848 '.. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 113,284 
 
 '54 
 
 2,809 
 
 216 
 
 3,079 
 
 1851 
 
 4,596 
 
 8,080 
 
 2,921 
 
 15,597 
 
 1,856 
 
 ll',497 
 
 2,269 
 
 15,622 
 
 1852tf .. 
 
 906 
 
 1,000 
 
 665 
 
 2,571 
 
 684 
 
 1,262 
 
 86 
 
 2,032 
 
 1853U . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1854H .. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1855 . . 
 
 10',719 
 
 7,614 
 
 
 17,733 
 
 4,797 
 
 14J73 
 
 
 18,970 
 
 1856 . . 
 
 13,269 
 
 10,187 
 
 
 23,456 
 
 4,072 
 
 19,316 
 
 
 23,388 
 
 1857** .. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1858** .. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1859** .. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1860 . . 
 
 7,444 
 
 6,297 
 
 4,716 
 
 18,457 
 
 2,222 
 
 16,218 
 
 . . 
 
 18,440 
 
 1861 
 
 7,817 
 
 7,971 
 
 6,085 
 
 21,873 
 
 1,768 
 
 18,577 
 
 
 20,345 
 
 1862 . . 
 
 7,539 
 
 7,914 
 
 4,211 
 
 19,664 
 
 2,396 
 
 17,673 
 
 
 20,069 
 
 1863 . . 
 
 7,513 
 
 4,894 
 
 4,920 
 
 17,327 
 
 2,258 
 
 18,285 
 
 . . 
 
 20,543 
 
 1864 . . 
 
 8,193 
 
 6,201 
 
 4,356 
 
 18,750 
 
 2,707 
 
 15,027 
 
 . . 
 
 17,734 
 
 1865 . . 
 
 8,592 
 
 6,283 
 
 7,740 
 
 22,615 
 
 2,880 
 
 13,149 
 
 . . 
 
 16,029 
 
 1866 .. 
 
 8,664 
 
 8,755 
 
 5,072 
 
 22,491 
 
 3,499 
 
 21,300 
 
 
 24,799 
 
 1867 
 
 10,549 
 
 14,123 
 
 12,728 
 
 37,400 
 
 3,615 
 
 34,566 
 
 . 
 
 38,181 
 
 1868 . . 
 
 10,791 
 
 3,146 
 
 8,738 
 
 22,675 
 
 4,140 
 
 16,418 
 
 . . 
 
 20,558 
 
 1869 
 
 10,101 
 
 5,352 
 
 9,616 
 
 25,069 
 
 2,695 
 
 17,324 
 
 . . 
 
 20,019 
 
 1870 . . 
 
 10,381 
 
 5,866 
 
 6,096 
 
 22,343 
 
 2,772 
 
 19,016 
 
 
 21,788 
 
 1871 
 
 10,656 
 
 7,842 
 
 8,877 
 
 27,375 
 
 2,335 
 
 18,045 
 
 7,631 
 
 28,011 
 
 1872 
 
 10,483 
 
 4,313 
 
 9,409 
 
 24,205 
 
 2,385 
 
 14,081 
 
 7,739 
 
 24,205 
 
 1873 . 
 
 10,677 
 
 5,519 
 
 11,980 
 
 28,176 
 
 2,384 
 
 17,680 
 
 8,112 
 
 28,176 
 
 1874 . 
 
 10,443 
 
 4,977 
 
 22,946 
 
 38,366 
 
 3,052 
 
 17,188 
 
 18,126 
 
 38,366 
 
 1875 . 
 
 16,377 
 
 8,035 
 
 13,394 
 
 37,806 
 
 3,060 
 
 19,554 
 
 15,192 
 
 37,806 
 
 1876 . 
 
 16,712 
 
 7,930 
 
 15,961 
 
 40,603 
 
 3,035 
 
 23,428 
 
 11,354 
 
 37,817 
 
 1877 
 
 18,512 
 
 10,943 
 
 17,835 
 
 47,290 
 
 3,792 
 
 31,347 
 
 13,196 
 
 48,335 
 
 1878 . 
 
 21,471 
 
 11,104 
 
 23,144 
 
 55,719 
 
 4,159 
 
 33,613 
 
 17,947 
 
 55,719 
 
 1879 
 
 23,997 
 
 14,149 
 
 34,905 
 
 73,051 
 
 3,415 
 
 47,065 
 
 22,571 
 
 73,051 
 
 1880 . 
 
 23,249 
 
 11,564 
 
 35,265 
 
 70,078 
 
 2,726 
 
 34,203 
 
 29,871 
 
 66,800 
 
 1881 
 
 26,739 
 
 17,203 
 
 41,025 
 
 84;967 
 
 3,064- 
 
 50,622 
 
 20,200 
 
 73,886 
 
 1882 
 
 28,041 
 
 15,706 
 
 39,926 
 
 83,673 
 
 3,538 
 
 45,507 
 
 38,987 
 
 88,032 
 
 1883 . 
 
 33,455 
 
 20,176 
 
 41,617 
 
 95,248 
 
 3,782 
 
 55,852 
 
 35,614 
 
 95,248 
 
 1884 . 
 
 35,357 
 
 22,245 
 
 36,549 
 
 94,151 
 
 5,020 
 
 58,361 
 
 30,770 
 
 94,151 
 
 1885 . 
 
 24,927 
 
 7,423 
 
 29,997 
 
 62,347 
 
 3,783 
 
 27,301 
 
 24,925 
 
 56,009 
 
 1886 . 
 
 21,544 
 
 6,588 
 
 26,326 
 
 54,458 
 
 3,864 
 
 28,143 
 
 22,45J 
 
 54,458 
 
 ' 1887 
 
 17,696 
 
 2,500 
 
 24,258 
 
 44,454 
 
 4,342 
 
 19,730 
 
 20,382 
 
 44,454 
 
 1888 
 
 17,847 
 
 2,235 
 
 34,696 
 
 54,778 
 
 3,837 
 
 19,142 
 
 31,799 
 
 54,778 
 
 1889 . 
 
 30,091 
 
 350 
 
 18,028 
 
 48,469 
 
 4,398 
 
 22,056 
 
 21,465 
 
 47,919 
 
 1890 . 
 
 22,799 
 
 350 
 
 23,669 
 
 46,818 
 
 3,757 
 
 21,532 
 
 20,851 
 
 46,140 
 
 * Ending 31st December from 1841 to 1903, and 30th November from 1904 to 1917. 
 
 t From 31st October. 1840, to 14th August, 1841. 
 
 j Particulars not available. City managed as a Oovernment Department. 
 
 From 13th January to 30th August, 1848. 
 
 j! Sum available for expenditure. 
 
 H Particulars not available. 
 
 ** Particulars not available ; included in figures for Corporations (see table on page 80). 
 
 tt From 1st January to 21st May, 1852. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 91 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. CITY OF ADELAIDE. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1841 TO 1917 continued.' 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year.* 
 
 Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 30,369 
 
 5,187 
 
 13,390 
 
 48,946 
 
 3,962 
 
 18,999 
 
 24,894 
 
 47,855 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 30,377 
 
 5,254 
 
 14,368 
 
 49,999 
 
 3,892 
 
 19,748 
 
 25,081 
 
 48,721 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 30,442 
 
 5,154 
 
 20,777 
 
 56,373 
 
 4,134 
 
 22,893 
 
 27,079 
 
 54,106 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 30,457 
 
 5,266 
 
 16,442 
 
 52,165 
 
 3,974 
 
 18,914 
 
 29,277 
 
 52/65 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 30,896 
 
 5,231 
 
 15,835 
 
 51,962 
 
 4,257 
 
 21,019 
 
 26,686 
 
 51,962 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 31,038 
 
 15,666 
 
 1,803 
 
 48,507 
 
 4,122 
 
 18,722 
 
 25,663 
 
 48,507 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 31,307 
 
 14,465 
 
 4,041 
 
 49,813 
 
 4,906 
 
 20,175 
 
 24,732 
 
 49.813 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 32,871 
 
 3,316 
 
 36,126 
 
 72,313 
 
 2,325 
 
 23,347 
 
 36,604 
 
 62,276 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 33,743 
 
 3,434 
 
 15,159 
 
 52,336 
 
 1,741 
 
 17,591 
 
 34,460 
 
 53,792 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 34,985 
 
 2,427 
 
 16,675 
 
 54,087 
 
 2,040 
 
 19,168 
 
 41,460 
 
 62,668 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 35,406 
 
 2,420 
 
 21,728 
 
 59,554 
 
 2,288 
 
 22,798 
 
 34,600 
 
 59,686 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 39,498 
 
 2,350 
 
 21,685 
 
 63,533 
 
 1,995 
 
 22,266 
 
 39,214 
 
 63,475 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 39,810 
 
 2,520 
 
 17,374 
 
 59,704 
 
 1,942 
 
 21,720 
 
 36,319 
 
 59,981 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 40,297 
 
 5,917 
 
 19,912 
 
 66,126 
 
 2,019 
 
 29,629 
 
 35,188 
 
 66,836 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 41,131 
 
 5,990 
 
 23,208 
 
 70,329 
 
 1,940 
 
 25,280 
 
 41,897 
 
 69,117 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 41,790 
 
 6,105 
 
 25,118 
 
 73,013 
 
 2,172 
 
 26,262 
 
 41,917 
 
 70,351 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 41,045 
 
 6,231 
 
 19,908 
 
 67,184 
 
 7,162 
 
 18,699 
 
 43,317 
 
 69,178 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 41,730 
 
 6,273 
 
 25,416 
 
 73,419 
 
 6,911 
 
 19,163 
 
 44,353 
 
 70,427 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 43,627 
 
 6,520 
 
 31,618 
 
 81,765 
 
 6,933 
 
 38,105 
 
 35,536 
 
 80,574 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 45,040 
 
 7,320 
 
 27,638 
 
 79,998 
 
 8,068 
 
 33,386 
 
 49,170 
 
 90,624 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 55,851 
 
 7,105 
 
 31,993 
 
 94,949 
 
 9,085 
 
 26,190 
 
 61,860 
 
 97,135 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 60,598 
 
 7,626 
 
 34,789 
 
 103,013 
 
 9,454 
 
 23,300 
 
 67,144 
 
 99,898 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 66,396 
 
 8,238 
 
 33,866 
 
 108,500 
 
 4,073 
 
 64,353 
 
 58,941 
 
 127,367 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 68,736 
 
 12,254 
 
 30,377 
 
 111,367 
 
 3,531 
 
 52,842 
 
 58,556 
 
 114,929 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 71,815 
 
 9,312 
 
 35,846 
 
 116,973 
 
 11,700 
 
 54,236 
 
 71,157 
 
 137,093 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 72,459 
 
 9,404 
 
 34,565 
 
 116,428 
 
 11,720 
 
 44,182 
 
 70,354 
 
 126,256 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 79,766 
 
 9,757 
 
 35,416 
 
 124,939 
 
 11,398 
 
 33,905 
 
 78,592 
 
 123,895 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ending 31st December from 1841 to 1903, and 30th November from 1904 to 1917. 
 
 (F) Adelaide Tramways. 
 
 1. Municipal Tramways Trust. In 1904 the Tramways Electric Traction Act was 
 passed authorizing the Government to purchase the Adelaide and suburban tramways 
 from the Companies owning them. The price was to be fixed either by agreement or by 
 arbitration, and provision was made for their being operated by electricity. 
 
 The Municipal Tramways Trust Act 1906 empowered the Government to complete, 
 for the sum of 280,000, this purchase, and to hand over the property to a Trust of eight 
 members, of whom two were appointed by the Governor, two by the Corporation of the 
 City of Adelaide, two by suburban Corporations, and two by interested District Councils. 
 Of these members, one-half retire every three years. The Treasury borrowed money, 
 of which one-sixtieth was repayable by the Trust every half-year, for the purpose of 
 electrifying the trams, but the total cost of conversion was limited to 12,000 per mile. 
 In case of a deficit on working and other expenses the Corporation of Adelaide, the suburban 
 Corporations, and the District Councils were liable each for one-third of the liability, and 
 could levy a special rate. The Trust was empowered to extend the tramway system, 
 and was compelled to carry out any works by contract unless the consent of the Governor 
 to the contrary was obtained. 
 
92 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following table shews the mileage open for traffic, 
 the cost of construction of the electric system, the receipts and the working expenses 
 of the Municipal Tramways for the years 1907 to 1917. 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. MUNICIPAL TRAMWAYS TRUST. MILEAGE, COST OF 
 CONSTRUCTION, REVENUE, AND EXPENDITURE, 1907 TO 1917. 
 
 Year ending 
 31st July. 
 
 Mileage open 
 for Traffic. 
 
 Cost of 
 Construction of 
 Electric System. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Operating 
 Expenses. 
 
 
 Miles. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1907* 
 
 t 
 
 t 
 
 50,197 
 
 42,150 
 
 1908 
 
 t 
 
 t 
 
 111,069 
 
 98,473 
 
 1909 
 
 56 
 
 762,492 
 
 129,717 
 
 114,216 
 
 1910 
 
 75 
 
 788,303 
 
 197,013 
 
 162,382 
 
 1911 
 
 81 
 
 1,131,786 
 
 239,805 
 
 185,002 
 
 1912 
 
 85 
 
 1,299,235 
 
 282,278 
 
 189,231 
 
 1913 
 
 88 
 
 1,350,710 
 
 310,241 
 
 207,319 
 
 1914 
 
 93 
 
 1,396,638 
 
 328,810 
 
 202,503 
 
 1915 
 
 99 
 
 1,451,989 
 
 310,433 
 
 192,070 
 
 1916 
 
 99 
 
 1,573,678 
 
 324,253 
 
 195,586 
 
 1917 
 
 111 
 
 1,703,151 
 
 338,361 
 
 211,662 
 
 * From 5th February. 1907, to 31st July, 1907. 
 
 (G) Adelaide Abattoirs. 
 
 1. General. In 1908 the Metropolitan Abattoirs Act was passed enabling muni- 
 cipal abattoirs to be erected for the purpose of serving Adelaide and its suburbs. 
 The construction and management was entrusted to a Board consisting of the Mayor 
 of Adelaide as ex-officio Chairman and six members, holding office for two years, 
 appointed by the various Councils within the abattoirs area. Such members need not 
 necessarily be Councillors. A sum up to 100,000 could be borrowed, the repayment 
 of which was made a charge on the general rates. Any balance of revenue after meeting 
 all charges was to go to the Councils concerned in proportion to the amount of their 
 assessment ; and any deficiency had to be met in a similar proportion by the 
 Councils. Owners of existing slaughterhouses were to receive compensation. The 
 borrowing powers were increased in 1910 to 250,000, and in 1911 the Board was 
 authorized to borrow an additional 55,000 for the installation of plant for the 
 delivery of meat, for the erection of cottages for its employees, for the purchase of land, 
 and for the erection of hide and skin markets. In 1912 authority to borrow a further 
 sum of 48,000 was granted. 
 
 In other Districts the Governor might proclaim an abattoirs area on petition of 
 50 ratepayers and after the taking of a poll. Such areas were to be placed under the 
 control of the Local Authority where the area comprised that of one Corporation 
 or District, and in other cases arrangements were to be made by the Councils affected, 
 prior to the proclamation of the area, for the constitution of a Board, which was given 
 the same powers as the Metropolitan Board. 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. At the 30th November, 1916, the capital expenditure 
 on land and plant was 317,677. The following table shews the revenue and expenditure 
 for the years 1914 to 1916 : 
 
 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 November. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Salaries and 
 Wages. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 156,833 
 
 58,465 
 
 91,941 
 
 150,406 
 
 1915 
 
 134,192 
 
 53,275 
 
 82,240 
 
 135,515 
 
 1916 
 
 129,384 
 
 49,018 
 
 79,796 
 
 128,814 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC 
 
 93 
 
 (H) Summary Tables. 
 
 1. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following tables particulars are given for all 
 Corporations, District Councils, Road Boards, and Drainage Boards of (a) the annual 
 values from 1857 to 1906 ; (b) the annual and capital values and outstanding loans from 
 1907 to 1917 ; and (c) the revenue and expenditure from 1855 to 1917. 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. -CORPORATIONS AND DISTRICT COUNCILS. 
 ANNUAL VALUES, 1857 TO 1906. 
 
 SUMMARY OF 
 
 Y.-nr. 
 
 Annual 
 Value. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Annual 
 
 Value. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Annual 
 
 Value. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Annual. 
 Value. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1857 .. 
 
 580,035 
 
 1870 
 
 961,704 
 
 1883 
 
 2,087,519 
 
 1895 
 
 2,494,326 
 
 1858 . . 
 
 603,620 
 
 1871 
 
 978,253 
 
 1884 
 
 2,223,817 
 
 1896 
 
 2,463,564 
 
 1859 . . 
 
 566,376 
 
 1872 
 
 996,423 
 
 1885 
 
 2,284,696 
 
 1897 
 
 2,485,995 
 
 1860 . . 
 
 660,458 
 
 1873 
 
 ,015,712 
 
 1886 
 
 2,269,300 
 
 1898 
 
 2,518,688 
 
 1861 . . 
 
 648,550 
 
 1874 
 
 ,065,997 
 
 1887 
 
 2,109,089 
 
 1899 
 
 2,553,415 
 
 1862 . . 
 
 670,773 
 
 1875 
 
 ,117,566 
 
 1888 
 
 2,324,788 
 
 1900 
 
 2,576,729 
 
 1863 . . 
 
 625,348 
 
 1876 
 
 ,197,432 
 
 1889 
 
 2,520,116 
 
 1901 
 
 2,590,358 
 
 1864 . . 
 
 663,491 
 
 1877 
 
 ,318,426 
 
 1890 
 
 2,535,614 
 
 1902 
 
 2,629,027 
 
 1865 . . 
 
 726,537 
 
 1878 
 
 ,449,234 
 
 1891 
 
 2,543,526 
 
 1903 
 
 2,661,238 
 
 1866 . . 
 
 766,924 
 
 1879 
 
 ,616,675 
 
 1892 
 
 2,538,094 
 
 1904 
 
 2,711,238 
 
 1867 . . 
 
 856,758 
 
 1880 
 
 ,685,894 
 
 1893 
 
 2,562,406 
 
 1905 
 
 2,739,808 
 
 1868 . . 
 
 924,696 
 
 1881 
 
 ,812,375 
 
 1894 
 
 2,552,820 
 
 1906 
 
 2,858,545 
 
 1869 . . 
 
 957,898 
 
 1882 
 
 ,902,024 
 
 
 
 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA.- CORPORATIONS AND DISTRICT COUNCILS. SUMMARY OF 
 ANNUAL AND CAPITAL VALUES AND OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1907 TO 1917. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Annual Value. 
 
 Capital Value. 
 
 Outstanding Loans. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1907 
 
 2,902,851 
 
 58,139,430 
 
 124,017 ' 
 
 1908 
 
 3,088,066 
 
 63,534,305 
 
 128,976 
 
 1909 
 
 3,190,041 
 
 63,849,055 
 
 128,463 
 
 1910 
 
 3,484,034 
 
 68,214,887 
 
 195,465 
 
 1911 
 
 3,645,542 
 
 75,943,584 
 
 200,350 
 
 1912 
 
 3,750,186 
 
 79,400,193 
 
 223,234 
 
 1913 
 
 4,074,169 
 
 85,128,982 
 
 243,576 
 
 1914 
 
 4,331,928 
 
 88,394,081 
 
 302,346 
 
 1915 
 
 4,519,554 
 
 90,515,507 
 
 344,875 
 
 1916 
 
 4,668,868 
 
 92,272,929 
 
 355,784 
 
 1917 
 
 5,059,023 
 
 94,405,313 
 
 371,916 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. CORPORATIONS, DISTRICT COUNCILS, ROAD BOARDS, AND 
 DRAINAGE BOARDS. SUMMARY OF REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE. 1855 
 TO 1917. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1855 .. 
 
 26,894 
 
 16,945 
 
 87,055* 
 
 130,894 
 
 10,987 
 
 120,363 
 
 
 131,350 
 
 1856 .. 
 
 29,600 
 
 27,031 
 
 58,566* 
 
 115,197 
 
 10,728 
 
 101,909 
 
 
 112,637 
 
 1857 .. 
 
 22,879 
 
 30,614 
 
 130,856* 
 
 184,349 
 
 7,448 
 
 168,325 
 
 
 175,773 
 
 1858 .. 
 
 22,690 
 
 23,254 
 
 96,404* 
 
 142,348 
 
 8,413 
 
 138,825 
 
 . , 
 
 147,238 
 
 1859 .. 
 
 22,323 
 
 23,571 
 
 98,748* 
 
 144,642 
 
 8,501 
 
 133,648 
 
 . 
 
 142,149 
 
 1860 .. 
 
 23,378 
 
 21,308 
 
 55,109* 
 
 99,795 
 
 7,597 
 
 90,739 
 
 
 98,336 
 
 1861 .. 
 
 23,462 
 
 21,640 
 
 68,002* 
 
 113,104 
 
 8,295 
 
 104,267 
 
 
 
 112,562 
 
 Including receipts of Central and Local Road Boards. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. CORPORATIONS, DISTRICT COUNCILS, ROAD BOARDS, 
 AND DRAINAGE BOARDS.-^SUMMARY OF REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 1855 TO 1917 continued. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1862 .. 
 
 22,401 
 
 21,114 
 
 78,142* 
 
 121,657 
 
 8,781 
 
 111,334 
 
 
 120,115 
 
 1863 .. 
 
 24,777 
 
 22,630 
 
 73,049* 
 
 120,456 
 
 9,793 
 
 109,732 
 
 
 119,525 
 
 1864 .. 
 
 26,320 
 
 23,203 
 
 90,279* 
 
 139,802 
 
 9,869 
 
 123,827 
 
 
 133,696 
 
 1865 .. 
 
 28,995 
 
 27.246 
 
 130,186* 
 
 186,427 
 
 10,251 
 
 154,316 
 
 
 164,567 
 
 1866 .. 
 
 29,502 
 
 34,437 
 
 209,394* 
 
 273,333 
 
 10,910 
 
 262,850 
 
 
 273,760 
 
 1867 .. 
 
 36,387 
 
 46,290 
 
 241,565* 
 
 324,242 
 
 13,096 
 
 306,888 
 
 
 319,984 
 
 1868 .. 
 
 37,699 
 
 32,284 
 
 172,957* 
 
 242,940 
 
 11,954 
 
 221,354 
 
 4,i57 
 
 237,465 
 
 1869 .. 
 
 40,667 
 
 27,145 
 
 106,416* 
 
 174,228 
 
 11,413 
 
 147,534 
 
 7,870 
 
 166,817 
 
 1870 .. 
 
 40,796 
 
 27,379 
 
 92,193* 
 
 160,368 
 
 9,997 
 
 142,547 
 
 7,648 
 
 160,192 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 40,472 
 
 38,147 
 
 98,379* 
 
 176,998 
 
 10,325 
 
 146,660 
 
 17,166 
 
 174,151 
 
 1872 .. 
 
 41,790 
 
 34,817 
 
 78,882* 
 
 155,489 
 
 9,938 
 
 126,028 
 
 16,395 
 
 152,361 
 
 1873 .. 
 
 42,656 
 
 32,379 
 
 118,034* 
 
 193,069 
 
 10,190 
 
 163,422 
 
 17,315 
 
 190,927 
 
 1874 .. 
 
 45,707 
 
 28,274 
 
 134,265* 
 
 208,246 
 
 11,757 
 
 172,545 
 
 29,121 
 
 213,423 
 
 1875 :. 
 
 54,596 
 
 39,894 
 
 95,165* 
 
 189,655 
 
 12,997 
 
 143,197 
 
 33,369 
 
 189,563 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 58,865 
 
 223,536 
 
 41,087 
 
 323,488 
 
 13,575 
 
 273,257 
 
 33,847 
 
 320,679 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 63,210 
 
 202,819 
 
 46,646 
 
 312,675 
 
 16,649 
 
 260,428 
 
 37,093 
 
 314,170 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 72,684 
 
 245,423 
 
 58,683 
 
 376,790 
 
 15,557 
 
 307,029 
 
 50,550 
 
 373,136 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 81,902 
 
 274,986 
 
 85,360 
 
 442,248 
 
 20,075 
 
 364,245 
 
 54,434 
 
 438,754 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 85,184 
 
 266,381 
 
 78,227 
 
 429,792 
 
 19,620 
 
 334,062 
 
 66,803 
 
 420,485 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 91,096 
 
 285,671 
 
 82,152 
 
 458,919 
 
 20,669 
 
 " 375,963 
 
 50,865 
 
 447,497 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 95,693 
 
 257,639 
 
 90,274 
 
 443,606 
 
 21,777 
 
 345,927 
 
 74,778 
 
 442,482 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 104,717 
 
 306,430 
 
 97,759 
 
 508,906 
 
 23,699 
 
 399,427 
 
 78,292 
 
 501,418 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 114,538 
 
 259,435 
 
 106,276 
 
 480,249 
 
 26,542 
 
 361,620 
 
 78,570 
 
 466,732 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 108,182 
 
 236,864 
 
 95,344 
 
 440,390 
 
 24,426 
 
 325,931 
 
 83,067 
 
 433,424 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 103,503 
 
 126,753 
 
 89,281 
 
 319,537 
 
 24,787 
 
 212,581 
 
 84,631 
 
 321,999 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 94,435 
 
 31,512 
 
 72,262 
 
 198,209 
 
 23,704 
 
 101,588 
 
 73,292 
 
 198,584 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 95,465 
 
 32,959 
 
 81,930 
 
 210,354 
 
 26,489 
 
 95,431 
 
 85,055 
 
 206,975 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 122,369 
 
 99,893 
 
 66,884 
 
 289,146 
 
 31,024 
 
 149,886 
 
 75,817 
 
 256,727 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 125,299 
 
 147,977 
 
 86,291 
 
 359,567 
 
 33,957 
 
 251,439 
 
 74,561 
 
 359,957 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 132,807 
 
 131,843 
 
 86,172 
 
 350,822 
 
 31,774 
 
 222,948 
 
 98,810 
 
 353,532 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 129,624 
 
 130,223 
 
 84,889 
 
 344,736 
 
 37,301 
 
 208,990 
 
 97,610 
 
 343,901 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 133,758 
 
 137,045 
 
 90,687 
 
 361,490 
 
 38,058 
 
 197,920 
 
 111,429 
 
 347,407 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 133,361 
 
 102,456 
 
 78,868 
 
 314,685 
 
 33,993 
 
 192,277 
 
 102,676 
 
 328,946 
 
 1895 . . 
 
 129,397 
 
 129,770 
 
 70,331 
 
 329,498 
 
 33,720 
 
 185,636 
 
 99,453 
 
 318,809 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 132,283 
 
 129,563 
 
 64,288 
 
 326,134 
 
 33,934 
 
 187,895 
 
 105,959 
 
 327,788 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 127,752 
 
 133,071 
 
 67,917 
 
 328,740 
 
 34,533 
 
 185,632 
 
 109,346 
 
 329,511 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 132,893 
 
 123,899 
 
 113,572 
 
 370,364 
 
 32,233 
 
 199,774 
 
 130,346 
 
 362,353 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 136,185 
 
 121,008 
 
 79,346 
 
 336,539 
 
 30,828 
 
 187,096 
 
 118,485 
 
 336,409 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 142,208 
 
 133,450 
 
 73,110 
 
 348,768 
 
 31,670 
 
 190,124 
 
 124,289 
 
 346,083 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 150,610 
 
 129,205 
 
 89,272 
 
 369,087 
 
 32,419 
 
 208,189 
 
 127,866 
 
 368,474 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 151,153 
 
 116,724 
 
 86,589 
 
 354,466 
 
 31,672 
 
 200,825 
 
 129,157 
 
 361,654 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 149,908 
 
 109,839 
 
 84,648 
 
 344,395 
 
 30,660 
 
 187,242 
 
 129,942 
 
 347,844 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 167,520 
 
 93,026 
 
 89,078 
 
 349,624 
 
 29,961 
 
 193,144 
 
 124,241 
 
 347,346 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 167,178 
 
 103,674 
 
 97,832 
 
 368,684 
 
 30,955 
 
 199,327 
 
 134,968 
 
 365,250 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 173,797 
 
 99,769 
 
 96,483 
 
 370,049 
 
 33,383 
 
 202,290 
 
 127,002 
 
 362,675 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 182,158 
 
 109,937 
 
 69,084 
 
 361,179 
 
 36,944 
 
 198,140 
 
 119,614 
 
 354,698 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 187,145 
 
 126,545 
 
 78,329 
 
 392,019 
 
 37,671 
 
 215,760 
 
 129,724 
 
 383,155 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 197,531 
 
 125,419 
 
 91,613 
 
 414,563 
 
 37,805 
 
 261,046 
 
 120,124 
 
 418,975 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 209,446 
 
 162,560 
 
 89,285 
 
 461,291 
 
 41,819 
 
 274,702 
 
 133,595 
 
 450,116 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 240,513 
 
 167,769 
 
 93,875 
 
 502,157 
 
 44,394 
 
 299,132 
 
 159,802 
 
 503,328 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 257,459 
 
 178,200 
 
 112,789 
 
 548,448 
 
 47,634 
 
 329,051 
 
 179,779 
 
 556,464 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 280,331 
 
 167,836 
 
 104,019 
 
 552,186 
 
 44,745 
 
 379,828 
 
 164,885 
 
 589,458 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 300,318 
 
 199,319 
 
 102,618 
 
 602,255 
 
 45,927 
 
 361,640 
 
 187,458 
 
 595,025 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 302,800 
 
 184,474 
 
 95,256 
 
 582,530 
 
 55,025 
 
 373,141 
 
 198,455 
 
 626,621 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 325,765 
 
 150,868 
 
 98,174 
 
 574,807 
 
 57,718 
 
 306,831 
 
 186,044 
 
 550,593 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 345,271 
 
 184,101 
 
 111,671 
 
 641,043 
 
 51,394 
 
 327,917 223,347 
 
 602,658 
 
 * Including receipts of C sntr^l an 1 Local Road Boards 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 95 
 
 5. Western Australia. 
 (A) Introductory. 
 
 1. General Review. In Western Australia, in 1838, Towns were placed under the 
 jurisdiction of Trusts, including the Town of Perth ; but in 1850 a special Ordinance was 
 issued with regard to Perth, constituting it a City. In 1871 the Municipal Institutions 
 Act was passed, and Town Trusts were replaced by Municipal Councils, the City of Perth 
 being also brought within its provisions. 
 
 Similarly, the management of roads and bridges outside of Townships was placed in 
 the hands of Trusts in 1838, and this system lasted until 1849, when these Trusts were 
 abolished and the Government took over the roads. Local Government was restored 
 in 1871, when the District Roads Act was passed, and the control of roads outside 
 Municipalities, &c., was placed under the jurisdiction of Local Road Boards. 
 
 Prior to 1886 provisions regarding health and sanitary arrangements were included 
 in the various Municipal Acts, but in that year Local Boards of Health were formed under 
 the Health Act. In many cases the Municipal Council or Koad Board is the Board of 
 Health, but in other cases the Boards of Health are independent of the other Local 
 Authorities. 
 
 At the present time there thus are three forms of Local Authorities (a) Municipalities, 
 (6) Road Boards, and (c) Local Boards of Health. 
 
 (B) Town Trusts and Municipalities. 
 
 1. Management of Roads and Streets Act 1838. Under this Act the management, 
 control, and superintendence of all streets, quays, jetties, wharves, bridges, and ferries 
 in Townships were vested in a body of Trustees, which consisted .of all the Justices of the 
 Peace who had their fixed residences, and -of all proprietors of allotments held in fee 
 simple therein. Four general meetings of Trustees were to be held annually, and special 
 meetings when required. At the general meeting held in January, the Trustees were to 
 elect by ballot a Chairman, as well as a Treasurer, Collectors, Clerks, Surveyors, and other 
 requisite officers. The revenue of the Trustees was derived from tolls or leases thereof, 
 rates, dues, or charges which might be made by the Trustees or proclaimed by the Governor, 
 voluntary subscriptions, Government grants, and loans on the security of tolls and 
 assessments. 
 
 2. Towns Improvement Act 1839. This Act defined the method by which rates were 
 to be levied. If three or more Trustees proposed that a rate be levied, the Chairman 
 was to call a general meeting, at which each Trustee was entitled to one vote for 
 each holding he owned up to four. Voting by proxy in cases where the Trustee was 
 more than 20 miles distant from the Township was allowed. A majority of two-thirds 
 of the votes was necessary before a rate could be struck, and the Colonial Secretary had 
 to be notified thereof. Every allotment was liable to be rated equally, whether resided 
 upon or not, and if it were subdivided each subdivision was liable for its proportion of the 
 rate on the whole. The immediate tenant or occupier was primarily liable for payment, 
 and was empowered to deduct the amount of the rate from the rent if the land was held 
 for a shorter period than one year, any special agreement or covenant to the contrary 
 notwithstanding. If more than one rate remained unpaid on an allotment it was forfeited 
 to the Crown. This Act was only to be in force until 18th March, 1841, but was afterwards 
 extended to the 1st October, 1841. 
 
 3. Towns Improvement Act 1841. The provisions of this Act were practically 
 the same as those of the 1839 Act, the only additional provisions of importance being 
 that Trustees were given power to divide the streets into Districts and appoint a Committee 
 from their own number for each District, and that, of all fines recovered under the Act, 
 one-half was to be paid to the Chairman of the Town Trust for the purposes of the Act and 
 the other hah* to the informant. 
 
 It having been found that, owing to many allotments having been subdivided, the 
 number of Trustees was considerably reduced, the Ratepayers in Towns Act was passed 
 in 1844, by which any person holding any portion of an allotment by a tenure not shorter 
 than one year, who had paid his rates, was entitled to vote and act as a Trustee. 
 
96 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 In 1844 the Alignment of Streets Act was passed, empowering the Governor to cause 
 a survey to be made by the Surveyor-General of every Town, boundary posts to be erected, 
 and the position, length, and breadth of streets defined. After the completion of this 
 work, the Chairman of the Town Trust was required to adjust and regulate the lines of 
 streets, 
 
 In 1847 an Ordinance enacted that the Collector of Rates should no longer be appointed 
 at the general meeting of Trustees, but by the Chairman of the Trust, and that the duties 
 of a Collector as to distraining on goods and so forth should be performed by a constable. 
 
 Under the Grazing of Cattle in Towns Ordinance 1850, persons keeping cattle, 
 sheep, or goats, and driving them by day to pasture, had to obtain licences from the 
 Chairman of the Town Trust, where such existed. 
 
 4. Towns Improvement Ordinance 1850. This Ordinance repealed the Towns Improve- 
 ment Act 1841, the Ratepayers in Towns Act 1844, and the Towns Improvement Ordinance 
 1847. The constitution and powers of Town Trusts remained unchanged, except that at 
 the first meeting in January a Chairman and Committee of five were to be elected. As 
 regards rating, the Chairman and a majority of the Committee were to ascertain and 
 determine the number of owners or occupants chargeable and the amount of rates to be 
 levied from each. The following properties were exempted from rating : (a) lands or 
 buildings the property of Her Majesty, not let or hired by private individuals ; (b) land vested 
 in Trustees for religious or other purposes ; (c) land appropriated for public recreation ; 
 (d) any allotment or portion containing any hospital, benevolent asylum, building used 
 exclusively for charitable purposes, church, chapel, convent, nunnery, State or public 
 school, public library, museum, or mechanics' institute. If the rates on allotments held 
 by absentees remained unpaid for three years, the allotments could be sold. The occupier 
 or immediate tenant still remained liable for rates, but the Ordinance makes no mention 
 of his being able to recover from the owner. If the Town Trustees refused to levy a rate, 
 the Governor had power to do so. 
 
 In 1851 buildings were divided into two classes, and the dimensions of the walls of 
 each class fixed. The Governor was to appoint supervisors, to whom notice of building 
 was to be given, and thatched buildings were prohibited. This Ordinance was to apply 
 to Perth, Fremantle, and Albany, and could be extended by Proclamation to other 
 Towns. In the following year this Ordinance was repealed and replaced by another, 
 also relating to the same Towns, prohibiting the erection of any building of rush, straw, 
 bark, or similar materials, and limiting the height of wooden buildings to 20 feet. 
 
 5. Special Provisions for Fremantle. In Fremantle, where the Town Trust Ordinance 
 still remained in force, an Ordinance issued in 1868 enacted that the assessment was to 
 be made by the Chairman and two Trustees, elected by a majority of the Trustees, 
 according to the fair average annual value, whether occupied or not. The rate, which 
 must be approved by the Governor, was not to exceed one shilling in the pound of the 
 annual value, while vacant allotments were to be rated at not less than five nor more 
 than twenty shillings per annum. In the same year the licensing of carriages was placed 
 in the hands of the Chairman of the Fremantle Town Trust, and the licence-fees were 
 paid to the Trust. 
 
 6. Municipal Institutions Act 1871. Under this Act any Town could be proclaimed 
 a Municipality by the Governor, or be united to a Municipality, with a Council consisting 
 of a Chairman and Councillors having the same powers as Town Trustees. If the 
 population did not exceed 1,000, the number of Councillors was to be six, if over 1,000 
 and not exceeding 5,000, nine, and if over 5,000, twelve. Two Auditors and a 
 Treasurer, who must be qualified electors, were also to be elected by the 
 ratepayers. The following persons were qualified as electors : All Justices of 
 the Peace residing within the limits of the Municipality, and all proprietors of 
 land held in fee simple, or by a tenure of not less than one whole year, who were 
 over 21 years of age. The Council was elected by ballot, and both Chairman 
 and Councillors retired annually. Immediately before the election of the Councillors 
 the electors were, by a majority of votes, to choose and appoint in such manner as they 
 should deem expedient, some one from among themselves to be Chairman. In addition 
 to the revenue received under previous Ordinances, the licence-fees collected under 
 the Slaughterhouse, Carts and Carriages, Dogs, and Grazing of Cattle Kept in Towns 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 97 
 
 Ordinances, were handed over to the Councils, which granted the licences. A Council, 
 with the sanction of the Governor, could borrow a sum not exceeding its estimated revenue 
 for three years, but had to make an annual extra rate not exceeding sixpence in the 
 pound until the debt was paid off. A general rate, not exceeding one shilling in the 
 pound, could be levied on the full, fair, and average annual value of property, and on 
 one-tenth of the value of land unoccupied for six months. There was no change in the 
 list of properties exempted from rating. 
 
 The Cart and Carnage Licensing Act 1876 deprived Municipalities of the power 
 of licensing carts, and restricted them to carriages only. 
 
 7. Municipal Institutions Act 1876. This Act repealed the 1871 Act, except in as 
 far as affected the incorporation of Perth, which was now divided into four Wards, with 
 three Councillors for each, and a Chairman for the whole City. The number of Councillors 
 in a Municipality was unchanged from that prescribed by the preceding Act, but 
 alterations were made in the qualifications of electors and other details. An elector had 
 to be a British subject of full age, resident in the Colony and not subject to legal 
 incapacity, who, on the first of September and since the first of January, had been seised 
 of or was in occupation of lands or a house within the limits of the Municipality, had 
 paid all rates assessed up to the 30th June, and had not been in receipt of public relief 
 or alms during the year. For the election of Councillors, an elector had only one vote 
 for each vacancy, but for the election of Chairman and Auditors, who were elected by 
 the whole of the ratepayers, plural voting was allowed ; an elector with property valued 
 at 25 and under having one vote, over 25 and up to 50 two votes, over 50 and up 
 to 75 xthree votes, and over 75 four votes. Any male person on the roll was eligible 
 as Councillor or Auditor, provided that he was not (a) of unsound mind ; (6) an 
 uncertificated insolvent ; (c) the holder of a place of profit under the Council ; or 
 (d) interested in any contract with the Council. A Chairman, in addition, must have 
 been qualified to serve on a special jury, and was ineligible if he 'had held office for three 
 consecutive years prior to any election. Elections were held on the third Monday in 
 November. The Chairman and Auditors retired annually, while one-third of the 
 Councillors retired annually. 
 
 In addition to the powers given under preceding Acts and Ordinances a Council was 
 given the powers of the Governor under the Weights and Measures Ordinances. It had 
 also to ascertain if drains and closets were nuisances, and, if so, to have them drained 
 or covered ; and to see that new houses were connected with sewers, if there were any. 
 All houses were to have privies, and places for the deposit of rubbish and night-soil 
 were to be provided by the Council, which could also prevent overcrowding and seize 
 unwholesome food. In addition to the usual revenue, all fines and penalties recovered 
 within the Municipality under the Police Ordinance 1861 were paid to the Council. 
 The maximum amount of general rate was raised to one shilling and sixpence, and the 
 amount that could be borrowed for permanent works or the repayment of loans was 
 raised to ten times the average net ordinary annual income for the preceding three years, 
 while a special loan rate could not exceed one shilling and sixpence. Permanent works 
 were defined as streets and roads, bridges, culverts, ferries, jetties, sawers and drains, 
 waterworks, gasworks, pounds, offices, abattoirs, markets, baths and washhouses, 
 pleasure grounds, public libraries, museums, places of public resort and recreation, and 
 the purchase of land. 
 
 In 1878 the qualification of a Chairman was slightly altered, except in Perth and 
 Fremantle, and any person, if qualified to be a Councillor and also qualified under the 
 Jury Act, could be elected Chairman. 
 
 In 1880 Perth and Fremantle Councils were authorized to light the streets, and all 
 Councils to issue cart licences. Other Towns could also light their streets, but if the 
 whole Town were not lighted, a majority of the ratepayers of a principal street or Ward 
 could obtain light, and one-half of the expense was paid out of the general rate and the 
 other half by the ratepayers benefited, either rateably according to assessment or 
 according to the lineal frontages of the premises lighted. 
 
 In 1882 the qualification of Councillors was altered, and only persons liable to be 
 rated in respect of property of the rateable value of 20 at least were eligible, but in the 
 C. 7099. 4 
 
98 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 following year this qualification was confined to Perth and Fremantle ; in other Towns 
 any ratepayer was qualified. Fire engines, as well as organs and other musical instru- 
 ments, were added to the list of permanent works. 
 
 Under the Act of 1884 building regulations were made to apply only to portions of 
 Perth and Fremantle, but in 1895 they were extended to the whole of those Cities and 
 to any other Municipalities proclaimed under the Act. 
 
 8. Municipal Institutions Act 1895. Although this Act repealed the former Act of 
 1876 with its amendments, most of the provisions remain unaltered. The Governor 
 could proclaim a Town to be 'a Municipality if it contained rateable property capable 
 of yielding the sum of 300 on a shilling rate on the annual value. An elector to be 
 qualified required only to be an owner or occupier from the thirtieth of June instead of 
 from the first of January to the first of September as heretofore. The number of votes 
 possessed by a voter for the election of the Chairman or Mayor and Auditors remained 
 the same, and a voter had also the same voting power on a poll for loans; but for 
 Councillors a voter had one vote if his property was valued at 50 and under, and two 
 votes if over 50. The maximum lighting rate was fixed at sixpence in the pound. 
 A valuation must be made of the annual value every year, and, when necessary, of the 
 capital value. The annual value was defined as the fair average rent from year to year, 
 less 10 per cent, for outgoings. The capital value was to be taken as the probable and 
 reasonable price at which such land in fee simple, exclusive .of improvements, might 
 sell at. The annual value of improved or occupied property was to be taken at not 
 less than 4 per cent, of the capital value, and of unimproved or unoccupied at 7 per cent, 
 thereof. The carrying out of the Width of Tires Act 1895 was entrusted to Municipalities, 
 and in 1896 they were empowered to regulate the licensing or erection of weighbridges. 
 
 9. Municipal Institutions Act 1900. This Act was a consolidation of the previous 
 Act and amendments, and presented few new features. The Chairman was now styled 
 Mayor, while the qualifications of the Mayor and Councillors were slightly altered, so 
 that any owner or occupier liable to be rated on a value of not less than 10 was eligible, 
 provided that he was not a minister of religion, or a person attainted of treason or con- 
 victed of felony or perjury or other infamous crime. In estimating the annual value of 
 property, the amount that could be deducted for repairs was raised from 10 to 20 per 
 cent. 
 
 10. Municipal Corporations Act 1906. This Act is at present in force, and has been 
 amended in 1912 and 1915, but only slightly. The following are the more important 
 provisions of the Act : 
 
 (i) Constitution of Municipalities. The Governor may constitute any portion of 
 Western Australia containing rateable property capable of yielding upon an annual rate 
 a sum of 750 a Municipality. He may also divide a Municipality into Wards, unite, 
 dissolve, and sever Municipalities, and alter the boundaries, on receipt of a petition from 
 the ratepayers or from the Council. 
 
 (ii) Constitution of Councils. Where the population of a Municipality is 1,000 or less, 
 the Council consists of a Mayor and six Councillors, where it is over 1,000 and under 
 5,000, of a Mayor and nine Councillors, and where over 5,000, of a Mayor and twelve 
 Councillors. If there are more than four Wards, the number of Councillors is 
 proportionately increased. Where a Municipal District is divided into Wards there 
 must always be an equal number of Councillors for each Ward. 
 
 (iii) Qualifications of Mayor and Councillors. Any male person, who is a natural-born 
 or naturalized subject of the King and the owner or occupier of rateable land in the 
 Municipality, is eligible for election as Mayor or Councillor, with the exception of 
 (a) ministers of religion ; (&) uncertificated or undischarged bankrupts ; (c) persons 
 convicted of crime ; (d) persons of unsound mind ; and (e) persons holding a place of 
 profit under the Council or participating in a contract with the Council. Councillors are 
 elected for three years, one-third of the number retiring each year, while a Mayor is 
 elected for one year only. Two Auditors are also elected for two years by the rate- 
 payers in a similar manner to the election of Mayor, one Auditor retiring annually. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 99 
 
 (iv) Qualifications of Electors. Every person not under 21 years of age, who is a 
 natural-born or naturalized subject of the King and who on the first of September is the 
 owner or occupier of rateable land in a Municipal District in respect of which all rates made 
 for the current financial year, including health rates, have been paid not later than the 
 first of October next following, is entitled to be placed on the electoral roll. A corporation 
 or joint stock company may nominate a representative. The Mayor is elected by the 
 whole of the electors, and every elector has one or more votes, according to the value of 
 rateable property set against his name on the roll. If the rateable value is 25 and under 
 an elector has one vote, if over 25 and not exceeding 50 two votes, if over 50 and not 
 exceeding 75 three votes, and if over 75 four votes. For the election of Councillors, 
 an elector has one or two votes, the former where the assessed value is 50 or less, and the 
 latter where it is over 50. Any elector who intends to be absent on the day of election, 
 or who resides more than 5 miles from a polling place, or who is prevented by illness or 
 infirmity from attending a polling place may, within one month previous to the date of 
 the election, apply for voting facilities to a returning officer, resident magistrate, Justice 
 of the Peace, or other person appointed by the Minister. His vote will then be taken 
 and posted to the returning officer. 
 
 (v) Powers and Duties of Councils. A Council may (a) make by-laws ; (6) sell or lease 
 land vested in it ; (c) purchase or lease land for works, make and improve streets, bridges, 
 jetties, &c. ; (d) make sewers and drains ; (e) light streets ; (/) construct dams and 
 reservoirs or contract for a water supply ; (g) provide and maintain baths, washhouses, 
 places of recreation, pounds, abattoirs, markets, and weighbridges ; and (h) license 
 bazaars, chimney-sweeps, vehicles, cattle sale-yards, hawkers, water condensers, shoe- 
 blacks, hand-carts, porters, and similar persons and occupations. 
 
 In certain scheduled Municipalities and in others proclaimed by the Governor from 
 time to time the provisions of the Building Act 1884 apply, and certain classes of buildings 
 are prohibited in such Municipalities. 
 
 Under the Tramways Act 1885 a Municipality may obtain an order to construct and 
 work tramways, under the Health Act it is a Local Board of Health, under the Electric 
 Lighting Act it may supply or grant a licence or contract for the supply of electricity, 
 and under the Abattoirs Act the Governor may empower a Municipality to erect and 
 maintain abattoirs or may place them under its control. 
 
 (vi) Valuation of Rateable Property. A Council may make an annual valuation of the 
 annual value, and, where necessary, a separate valuation of the capital value of all land 
 within the Municipal District. The annual value of improved or occupied land is deemed 
 to be a sum equal to the estimated full, fair average amount of rent at which such land 
 may reasonably be expected to let from year to year, less the amount of all rates and 
 taxes and a deduction of 20 per cent, for outgoings. In no case must the annual value be 
 deemed to be less than 4 per cent, of the value in fee simple. Unimproved and unoccupied 
 land is to be valued at 7 per cent, on the capital value. The payment in full discharge 
 of all rates by tramways is fixed at 3 per cent, of the gross earnings, and that by gas mains 
 and electric lines at 1J per cent, of the gross receipts. 
 
 (vii) Rates. A general rate is struck on all rateable property in the Municipality, 
 but must not exceed one shilling and sixpence in the pound on the annual value. The 
 following lands are exempt from being rated : (a) land the property of the Crown and 
 used for public purposes or unoccupied ; (6) land belonging to a religious body, and used 
 or held exclusively as or for a place of public worship, a Sunday school, a place of residence 
 of a minister of religion, or a convent, nunnery, or monastery ; (c) land used exclusively 
 for a public hospital, benevolent asylum, orphanage, public school, private school (being 
 the property of a religious body), public library, museum, art gallery, or mechanics' 
 institute ; (d) land used for charitable purposes ; (e) land vested in any Board under the 
 Parks and Reserves Act, or in Trustees for agricultural or horticultural show purposes, 
 or zoological or acclimatization gardens, or for public resort and recreation ; (/) land used 
 or held'as a cemetery ; and (g) land declared by the Governor as exempt from municipal 
 rates. 
 
 If, before any Municipal District is lighted, the majority of ratepayers in any street 
 or Ward desire that the same be lighted, the Council is required to defray one-half of the 
 cost out of the ordinary revenue of the Municipality but should this revenue be insufficient 
 
100 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 it may strike a special rate, not exceeding sixpence in the pound, on the rateable value of 
 all property within the Municipal District. The other half is to be paid by the ratepayers 
 benefited. Loan rates must not exceed one shilling and sixpence in the pound. 
 
 (viii) Borrowing Powers. A Council may borrow for specified works or undertakings 
 or for the liquidation of previous loans. In the former case the amount borrowed is 
 limited, except with the sanction of the Governor, to ten times the average ordinary 
 revenue of the Municipality for the preceding two years. Under the heading " works or 
 undertakings " are included such items as streets, ferries, wharves, sewers, drains, water- 
 works, gasworks, electric light works, tramways, pounds, abattoirs, baths, pleasure 
 grounds, museums, musical instruments, lamps, appliances for the treatment of night- 
 soil, stone quarries, steam-rollers, fire engines, a general warehouse under the Customs 
 Act, theatres, and grandstands. 
 
 Before borrowing, public notice must be given, and any twenty owners of rateable 
 land may demand that the question be submitted to a poll of such owners. For the 
 purposes of this provision the term " owner " means any person entitled to a legal or 
 equitable estate or interest in rateable land in fee simple, or for a term of years having at 
 least seven years unexpired. The provisions as to the election of a Mayor apply at the 
 taking of such a poll. Non-residential owners may vote by post. 
 
 A bank overdraft must not exceed one-third of the ordinary revenue of the Municipality 
 for the preceding year. 
 
 1 1. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following tables are shewn (a) the area, estimated 
 population, numbers of electors for Mayor, and of dwellings, length of roads, annual 
 value, assets and liabilities, and outstanding loans of Municipalities, exclusive of Perth, 
 for the years 1895 to 1917 ; and (6) the revenue and expenditure for the same Munici- 
 palities for the years 1872 to 1917 : 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. MUNICIPALITIES (EXCLUSIVE OF PERTH). AREA, 
 POPULATION, ANNUAL VALUE, ETC., 1895 TO 1917. 
 
 Year 
 ending 
 31st 
 October. 
 
 Area. 
 
 Estimated 
 Popula- 
 tion. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Electors 
 for 
 Mayor. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Dwell- 
 ings. 
 
 Length 
 of 
 Roads. 
 
 Annual 
 Value. 
 
 Assets and 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Out- 
 standin 
 Loans. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 25,132 
 
 38,306 
 
 .. 
 
 7,766 
 
 267 
 
 267,623 
 
 105,743 
 
 43,623 
 
 42,500 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 29,307 
 
 51,931 
 
 6,071 
 
 10,604 
 
 364 
 
 311,184 
 
 176,181 
 
 46,294 
 
 40,032 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 37,788 
 
 59,842 
 
 9,787 
 
 11,188 
 
 471 
 
 619,775 
 
 232,848 
 
 106,648 
 
 85,100 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 39,259 
 
 60,981 
 
 12,508 
 
 11,677 
 
 601 
 
 751,795 
 
 132,452 
 
 126,657 
 
 105,575 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 58,324 
 
 60,576 
 
 12,425 
 
 13,349 
 
 613 
 
 701,322 
 
 146,726 
 
 122,801 
 
 120,500 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 60,482 
 
 69,257 
 
 12,659 
 
 16,850 
 
 546 
 
 698,023 
 
 182,827 
 
 147,160 
 
 151,100 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 68,811 
 
 71,528 
 
 14,163 
 
 16,248 
 
 688 
 
 753,947 
 
 178,174 
 
 152,202 
 
 188,000 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 66,027 
 
 75,186 
 
 16,404 
 
 16,848 
 
 735 
 
 805,445 
 
 283,642 
 
 237,763 
 
 223,050 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 69,763 
 
 83,679 
 
 17,861 
 
 16,848 
 
 779 
 
 870,282 
 
 314,882 
 
 267,633 
 
 247,300 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 73,756 
 
 86,811 
 
 17,744 
 
 18,538 
 
 906 
 
 906,805 
 
 373,133 
 
 385,663 
 
 364,800 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 71,854 
 
 86,811 
 
 18,324 
 
 18,538 
 
 842 
 
 943,214 
 
 483,119 
 
 421,214 
 
 398,414 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 77,958 
 
 99,014 
 
 20,988 
 
 18,965 
 
 941 
 
 972,177 
 
 601,089 
 
 520,826 
 
 482,650 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 86,187 
 
 107,085 
 
 23,363 
 
 26,443 
 
 ,007 
 
 1,007,842 
 
 603,465 
 
 543,077 
 
 500,294 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 86,517 
 
 105,765 
 
 24,775 
 
 28,471 
 
 ,057 
 
 945,707 
 
 653,158 
 
 562,840 
 
 524,694 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 85,272 
 
 111,783 
 
 23,844 
 
 29,319 
 
 ,114 
 
 923,428 
 
 691,022 
 
 594,879 
 
 560,808 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 86,727 
 
 108,041 
 
 24,088 
 
 25,647 
 
 ,196 
 
 904,443 
 
 739,186 
 
 662,014 
 
 613,044 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 71,855 
 
 108,041 
 
 25,285 
 
 25,647 
 
 ,202 
 
 916,536 
 
 780,397 
 
 716,210 
 
 663,364 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 67,628 
 
 116,560 
 
 26,064 
 
 26,778 
 
 ,221 
 
 944,468 
 
 812,485 
 
 752,235 
 
 704,582 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 63,715 
 
 117,152 
 
 26,758 
 
 26,331 
 
 ,183 
 
 971,785 
 
 814,991 
 
 765,636 
 
 718,080 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 63,715 
 
 122,897 
 
 29,712 
 
 26,828 
 
 ,088 
 
 989,857 
 
 866,291 
 
 846,744 
 
 786,561 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 61,377 
 
 109,719 
 
 25,664 
 
 23,994 
 
 ,014 
 
 913,194 
 
 840,261 
 
 788,059 
 
 738,987 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 54,247 
 
 107,056 
 
 
 23,895 
 
 957 
 
 895,847 
 
 851,998 
 
 802,987 
 
 752,620 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 53,647 
 
 104,947 
 
 
 23,635 
 
 956 
 
 884,581 
 
 875,357 
 
 803,246 
 
 754,058 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, 
 
 101 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. MUNICIPALITIES (EXCLUSIVE OF PERTH). REVENUE 
 AND EXPENDITURE, 1872 TO 1917. 
 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year* 
 
 tfumbe 
 
 
 
 ending 
 31st 
 
 of 
 Munid 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 October 
 
 palities 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hates. 
 
 .r roin 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1872 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 ,195 
 
 
 
 
 1,073 
 
 1873 
 
 7 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
 ,582 
 
 
 t 
 
 
 1,568 
 
 1874 
 
 7 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 ,624 
 
 
 
 
 1,541 
 
 1875 
 
 7 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 ,645 
 
 
 
 
 1,646 
 
 1876 
 
 7 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 ,134 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 874 
 
 1877 
 
 7 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 ,716 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 2,008 
 
 1878 
 
 8 
 
 . . 
 
 '. , 
 
 . . 
 
 3,495 
 
 
 
 
 3,132 
 
 1879 
 
 8 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 3,562 
 
 
 
 
 3,154 
 
 1880 
 
 9 
 
 1,834 
 
 780 
 
 730 
 
 3,344 
 
 472 
 
 1,929 
 
 320 
 
 2,721 
 
 1881 
 
 9 
 
 2,292 
 
 704 
 
 956 
 
 3,952 
 
 1,012 
 
 2,819 
 
 306 
 
 4,137 
 
 1882 
 
 9 
 
 2,321 
 
 387 
 
 1,018 
 
 3,726 
 
 651 
 
 2,934 
 
 372 
 
 3,957 
 
 1883 
 
 9 
 
 2,582 
 
 1,085 
 
 1,491 
 
 5,158 
 
 697 
 
 2,873 
 
 1,169 
 
 4,739 
 
 1884 
 
 9 
 
 2,911 
 
 480 
 
 1,562 
 
 4,953 
 
 682 
 
 2,751 
 
 1,388 
 
 4,821 
 
 1885 
 
 9 
 
 3,692 
 
 622 
 
 13,442 
 
 17,756 
 
 870 
 
 5,349 
 
 1,854 
 
 8,073 
 
 1886 
 
 9 
 
 2,509 
 
 918 
 
 1,191 
 
 4,618 
 
 343 
 
 1,755 
 
 12,123 
 
 14,221 
 
 1887 
 
 9 
 
 4,318 
 
 1,850 
 
 12,417 
 
 18,585 
 
 720 
 
 10,023 
 
 4,046 
 
 14,789 
 
 1888 
 
 11 
 
 4,843 
 
 456 
 
 1,871 
 
 7,170 
 
 895 
 
 3,871 
 
 2,976 
 
 7,742 
 
 1889 
 
 11 
 
 6,312 
 
 830 
 
 19,699 
 
 26,841 
 
 1,319 
 
 8,455 
 
 12,348 
 
 22,122 
 
 1890 
 
 11 
 
 7,740 
 
 857 
 
 3,565 
 
 12,162 
 
 1,656 
 
 9,438 
 
 5,629 
 
 16,723 
 
 1891 
 
 12 
 
 8,475 
 
 1,115 
 
 6,663 
 
 16,253 
 
 1,778 
 
 7,294 
 
 5,198 
 
 14,270 
 
 1892 
 
 14 
 
 9,891 
 
 4,300 
 
 2,668 
 
 16,859 
 
 1,880 
 
 10.292 
 
 5,295 
 
 17,467 
 
 1893 
 
 15 
 
 10,166 
 
 4,629 
 
 3,401 
 
 18,196 
 
 2,204 
 
 9,032 
 
 6,182 
 
 17,418 
 
 1894 
 
 18 
 
 10,478 
 
 4,407 
 
 2,363 
 
 17,248 
 
 1,976 
 
 10,415 
 
 5,063 
 
 17,454 
 
 1895 
 
 23 
 
 14,647 
 
 12,909 
 
 23,408 
 
 50,964 
 
 3,483 
 
 26,287 
 
 16,164 
 
 45,934 
 
 1896 
 
 29 
 
 20,029 
 
 30,626 
 
 16,666 
 
 67,321 
 
 7,029 
 
 29,883 
 
 29,431 
 
 66,343 
 
 1897 
 
 34 
 
 37,804 
 
 74,606 
 
 65,203 
 
 177,613 
 
 12,459 
 
 82,220 
 
 62,540 
 
 157,219 
 
 1898 
 
 35 
 
 46,863 
 
 62,625 
 
 47,065 
 
 156,553 
 
 15,870 
 
 89,893 
 
 70,056 
 
 175,819 
 
 1899 
 
 35 
 
 51,097 
 
 36,102 
 
 35,276 
 
 122,475 
 
 14,579 
 
 64,721 
 
 44,297 
 
 123,597 
 
 1900 
 
 38 
 
 54,463 
 
 41,609 
 
 60,656 
 
 156,728 
 
 14,770 
 
 78,495 
 
 52,355 
 
 145,620 
 
 1901 
 
 41 
 
 50,099 
 
 37,625 
 
 52,516 
 
 140,240 
 
 13,170 
 
 57,322 
 
 54,203 
 
 124,695 
 
 1902 
 
 43 
 
 65,499 
 
 56,748 
 
 93,309 
 
 215,556 
 
 17,516 
 
 96,281 
 
 101,237 
 
 215,034 
 
 1903 
 
 43 
 
 72,857 
 
 66,144 
 
 85,136 
 
 224,137 
 
 19,931 
 
 121,647 
 
 99,311 
 
 240,889 
 
 1904 
 
 42 
 
 78,450 
 
 76,008 
 
 176,322 
 
 330,780 
 
 22,056 
 
 144,520 
 
 142,667 
 
 309,243 
 
 1905 
 
 42 
 
 88,224 
 
 73,230 
 
 157,090 
 
 318,544 
 
 23,012 
 
 150,190 
 
 158,885 
 
 332,087 
 
 1906 
 
 44 
 
 98,877 
 
 81,374 
 
 192,026 
 
 372,277 
 
 24,865 
 
 130,740 
 
 180,390 
 
 336,001 
 
 1907 
 
 46 
 
 88,853 
 
 73,473 
 
 143,025 
 
 305,351 
 
 29,776 
 
 103,300 
 
 208,725 
 
 341,801 
 
 1908 
 
 46 
 
 93,123 
 
 58,285 
 
 154,507 
 
 305,915 
 
 24,454 
 
 80,515 
 
 228,854 
 
 333,823 
 
 1909 
 
 45 
 
 92,434 
 
 31,301 
 
 194,416 
 
 318,151 
 
 21,797 
 
 64,999 
 
 220,214 
 
 307,010 
 
 1910 
 
 41 
 
 94,202 
 
 11,351 
 
 219,805 
 
 325,358 
 
 23,723 
 
 68,958 
 
 245,108 
 
 337,789 
 
 1911 
 
 41 
 
 98,692 
 
 25,944 
 
 224,076 
 
 348,712 
 
 22,178 
 
 58,186 
 
 266,980 
 
 347,344 
 
 1912 
 
 37 
 
 103,125 
 
 22,569 
 
 234,253 
 
 359,947 
 
 21,821 
 
 60,894 
 
 254,606 
 
 337,321 
 
 1913 
 
 32 
 
 104,608 
 
 16,382 
 
 199,163 
 
 320,153 
 
 21,564 
 
 77,732 
 
 239,126 
 
 338,422 
 
 1914 
 
 32 
 
 101,733 
 
 11,142 
 
 260,654 
 
 373,529 
 
 21,665 
 
 91,765 
 
 253,186 
 
 366,616 
 
 1915 
 
 30 
 
 97,728 
 
 8,468 
 
 239,762 
 
 345,958 
 
 24,131 
 
 87,400 
 
 237,649 
 
 349,180 
 
 1916 
 
 29 
 
 97,372 
 
 7,962 
 
 212,510 
 
 317,844 
 
 25,013 
 
 61,354 
 
 234,048 
 
 320,415 
 
 1917 
 
 28 
 
 98,893 
 
 6,756 
 
 192,098 
 
 297,747 
 
 25,738 
 
 45,306 
 
 226,955 
 
 297,999 
 
 * Prior to 1880, the dates at which the financial year closed in various Municipalities were 
 
 not uniform. 
 
102 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 (c) City of Perth. 
 
 1. General Review. With the exception of the period from 1858 to 1871, Perth was 
 subject to the provisions of the same Ordinances as affected other Towns. It was found 
 that the Towns Improvement Ordinance 1850 was inapplicable to Perth, where there 
 was at the time a Town Trust, and in 1858 the City of Perth Improvement Ordinance was 
 passed. 
 
 2. City of Perth Improvement Ordinance 1858. By this Ordinance all properties in 
 the City of Perth, including roads, were vested in the Perth City Council, to which body 
 the improvement, management, and care of lands, markets, streets, pounds, jetties, 
 sewers, drains, and water-courses were also handed over. The City Council consisted of 
 seven persons elected by the ratepayers annually on the first Monday in December, the 
 Chairman being elected by the Councillors from among themselves. A supervisor of the 
 Perth Trusts was to be appointed by the Council. The revenu'e was derived from rates, 
 rents, fines, penalties, cart and dog licences, fees for depasturage on town reserves, and 
 for poundages, fees for felling, using and selling timber, tolls and dues, voluntary 
 subscriptions and Government grants. The Council could borrow up to 400 in any one 
 year, but not more than 1,000 might be outstanding at any one time ; and the amount 
 expended in salaries was not to exceed one-sixth of the income. Accounts were to be 
 audited half-yearly by two ratepayers appointed at a general meeting of ratepayers. 
 Rates not exceeding one shilling in the pound were to be levied on the full fair annual 
 value of occupied and on one-tenth of the capital value of unoccupied property, the 
 exemptions from rating being the same as those in the 1850 Ordinance. 
 
 In 1864 the 1858 Ordinance was amended, and Perth was divided into three Wards, 
 each represented by three Councillors, who had to be ratepayers of and to reside in the 
 Ward which they represented. In addition to these nine Councillors, a Chairman was 
 elected by the majority of ratepayers in the entire City of Perth. 
 
 In 1865 the fees for licensing carriages were transferred to the City, and licences were 
 issued by the Chairman. 
 
 3. Municipal Institutions Act 1871. Under the provisions of this Act, already 
 described (see page 96), Perth was placed and has since remained on the same basis as 
 other Municipalities under this Act. Perth was incorporated as the Council and 
 Burgesses of the City of Perth, and its boundaries were defined. The Government Domain, 
 public offices, prisons, public buildings, victualling establishments, arsenal, and 'barracks 
 were, however, not deemed to be included within such boundaries. 
 
 In 1880 the title of the Municipality of Perth was altered to the " Mayor, Councillors, 
 and Citizens of the City of Perth," and the Council was authorized to light the 
 streets. 
 
 In 1914 the Municipalities of North Perth and Leederville were merged into the City 
 of Perth, and formed into separate Wards, thus raising the number of Wards to 
 seven. 
 
 In 1917 the Victoria Park Municipality was united with the City of Perth, forming 
 an eighth Ward. 
 
 4. Perth Municipal Gas and Electric Lighting Act 191 1. Under this Act the Perth 
 
 City Council was empowered to purchase the undertaking of the Perth Gas Company, 
 and with the consent of the ratepayers to borrow money for the purpose. 
 
 5. Electric Light and Power Agreement Act 1913. This Act provides for the supply 
 of electrical current to the City of Perth from a power station to be erected by the 
 Government and fixes the price. It also requires the City Council to supply any Municipal 
 Council or Road Board within 5 miles from the General Post Office at the actual cost 
 price to $he Corporation. 
 
 6. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following tables are given (a) the area, estimated 
 population, number of electors for Mayor, number of dwellings, length of roads, annual 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 103 
 
 value, assets, liabilities, and outstanding loans for the years 1895 to 1917 ; and (6) the 
 revenue and expenditure for the. years 1878 to 1917 of the City of Perth: 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. CITY OF PERTH. AREA, POPULATION, ANNUAL VALUE, 
 
 ETC., 1895 TO 1917. 
 
 Year 
 ending 
 31st 
 October. 
 
 Area. 
 
 Estimated 
 Popula- 
 tion. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Electors 
 for 
 Mayor. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Dwell- 
 ings. 
 
 Length 
 of 
 Roads. 
 
 Annual 
 Value. 
 
 Assets and 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Out- 
 standing 
 Loans. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. ' 
 
 Miles. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 2,560 
 
 20,000 
 
 2,016 
 
 3,400 
 
 
 95,852 
 
 135,889 
 
 47,264 
 
 45,000 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 2,560 
 
 20,000 
 
 2,026 
 
 3,400 
 
 
 105,409 
 
 151,485 
 
 62,908 
 
 60,897 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 2,560 
 
 20,000 
 
 2,729 
 
 3,400 
 
 . 
 
 205,565 
 
 168,945 
 
 87,767 
 
 75,000 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 1,640 
 
 26,600 
 
 3,559 
 
 . . 
 
 64 
 
 268,972 
 
 136,492 
 
 106,714 
 
 75,000 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 1,640 
 
 25,944 
 
 4,479 
 
 . . 
 
 64 
 
 287,728 
 
 131,960 
 
 164,608 
 
 155,000 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 3,575 
 
 27,553 
 
 4,193 
 
 5,108 
 
 75 
 
 286,083 
 
 137,638 
 
 182,921 
 
 155,000 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 2,840 
 
 27,553 
 
 4,985 
 
 5,108 
 
 83 
 
 277,166 
 
 129,513 
 
 188,562 
 
 177,500 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 2,840 
 
 27,553 
 
 5,-315 
 
 5,108 
 
 83 
 
 297,132 
 
 143,374 
 
 204,988 
 
 190,000 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 3,575 
 
 31,671 
 
 5,579 
 
 5,108 
 
 83 
 
 331,229 
 
 158,062 
 
 210,867 
 
 190,000 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 3,575 
 
 31,671 
 
 6,226 
 
 5,108 
 
 98 
 
 405,981 
 
 172,790 
 
 236,441 
 
 225,000 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 3,561 
 
 31,671 
 
 6,458 
 
 5,108 
 
 100 
 
 405,981 
 
 164,388 
 
 230,231 
 
 225,000 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 3,561 
 
 29,760 
 
 6,914 
 
 5,108 
 
 101 
 
 426,828 
 
 171,557 
 
 238,121 
 
 230,700 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 3,561 
 
 29,760 
 
 6,685 
 
 7,428 
 
 102 
 
 428,870 
 
 170,994 
 
 233,048 
 
 230,700 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 3,561 
 
 29,760 
 
 6,885 
 
 7,428 
 
 102 
 
 431,642 
 
 181,720 
 
 236,976 
 
 232,800 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 3,561 
 
 29,760 
 
 6,285 
 
 9,143 
 
 103 
 
 417,068 
 
 187,520 
 
 236,581 
 
 234,300 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 3,604 
 
 35,767 
 
 6,461 
 
 7,069 
 
 103 
 
 399,714 
 
 187,583 
 
 236,135 
 
 231,800 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 3,575 
 
 35,767 
 
 6,048 
 
 7,069 
 
 104 
 
 405,179 
 
 186,992 
 
 232,469 
 
 229,700 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 3,575 
 
 35,767 
 
 7,210 
 
 7,069 
 
 105 
 
 437,283 
 
 724,754 
 
 757,860 
 
 754,700 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 3,575 
 
 35,767 
 
 7,251 
 
 7,069 
 
 105 
 
 482,067 
 
 766,790 
 
 759,031 
 
 750,700 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 3,575 
 
 35,767 
 
 7,374 
 
 7,069 
 
 105 
 
 515,569 
 
 809,013 
 
 836,869 
 
 820,405 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 5,913 
 
 45,615 
 
 15,308 
 
 9,548 
 
 182 
 
 624,431 
 
 829,703 
 
 976,407 
 
 951,087 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 5,913 
 
 45,615 
 
 
 9,868 
 
 182 
 
 624,288 
 
 976,124 
 
 1,079,336 
 
 1,060,906 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 5,913 
 
 45,615 
 
 
 10,098 
 
 182 
 
 628,062 
 
 981,239 
 
 1,053,676 
 
 1,035,110 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. CITY OF PERTH. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1878 TO 1917. 
 
 Year 
 ending 
 
 .".1st 
 October. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 1,056 
 
 250 
 
 781 
 
 2,087 
 
 345 
 
 1,226 
 
 354 
 
 1,925 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 1,227 
 
 250 
 
 758 
 
 2,235 
 
 415 
 
 1,056 
 
 532 
 
 2,003 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 1,330 
 
 370 
 
 734 
 
 2,434 
 
 527 
 
 819 
 
 281 
 
 1,627 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 1,359 
 
 12 
 
 7,205 
 
 8,576 
 
 448 
 
 4,744 
 
 636 
 
 5,828 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 1,614 
 
 100 
 
 2,175 
 
 3,889 
 
 359 
 
 3,000 
 
 1,354 
 
 4,713 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 2,557 
 
 100 
 
 3,394 
 
 6,051 
 
 429 
 
 4,246 
 
 2,715 
 
 7,390 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 2,537 
 
 100 
 
 3,216 
 
 5,853 
 
 479 
 
 2,026 
 
 1,868 
 
 4,373 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 3,218 
 
 100 
 
 1,000 
 
 4,318 
 
 505 
 
 3,064 
 
 1,671 
 
 5,240 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 4,361 
 
 100 
 
 9,121 
 
 13,582 
 
 508 i 4,232 
 
 2,374 
 
 7,114 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 4,961 
 
 300 
 
 5,261 
 
 10,522 
 
 690 
 
 7,526 
 
 2,900 
 
 11,116 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 5,129 
 
 80 
 
 11,335 
 
 16,544 
 
 688 
 
 10,057 
 
 4,523 
 
 15,268 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 5,407 
 
 120 
 
 1,774 
 
 7,301 
 
 722 
 
 4,147 
 
 4,846 
 
 9,715 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 5,445 
 
 1,090 
 
 1,650 
 
 8,185 
 
 731 
 
 4,313 
 
 4,376 
 
 9,420 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 6,513 
 
 120 
 
 1,566 
 
 8,199 
 
 769 
 
 3,372 
 
 4,338 
 
 8,479 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 9,166 
 
 2,125 
 
 1,550 
 
 12,841 
 
 927 
 
 6,785 
 
 5,251 
 
 12,963 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 8,019 
 
 2,128 
 
 17,050 
 
 27,197 
 
 1,288 
 
 10,884 
 
 5,481 
 
 17,653 
 
104 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. CITY OF PERTH. REVENUE AND EXPENDI1 URK, 
 
 1878 TO 1917 continued. 
 
 Year 
 ending 
 31st 
 October. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 9,724 
 
 2,885 
 
 - 2,501 
 
 15,110 
 
 1,215 
 
 7,274 
 
 7,323 
 
 15,812 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 14,510 
 
 8,586 
 
 4,531 
 
 27,627 
 
 1,891 
 
 13,396 
 
 13,345 
 
 28,632 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 16,188 
 
 6,031 
 
 28,607 
 
 50,826 
 
 2,179 
 
 9,166 
 
 25,682 
 
 37,027 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 21,401 
 
 17,784 
 
 43,944 
 
 83,129 
 
 3,038 
 
 33,481 
 
 34,964 
 
 71,483 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 27,054 
 
 32,944 
 
 28,748 
 
 88,746 
 
 3,019 
 
 73,655 
 
 23,500 
 
 100,174 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 29,326 
 
 18,762 
 
 87,535 
 
 135,623 
 
 3,702 
 
 96,253 
 
 35,816 
 
 135,771 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 27,838 
 
 18,219 
 
 18,370 
 
 64,427 
 
 3,228 
 
 37,264 
 
 30,868 
 
 71,360 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 27,923 
 
 29,235 
 
 29,730 
 
 86,888 
 
 4,144 
 
 53,935 
 
 31,641 
 
 89,720 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 29,395 
 
 24,688 
 
 20,282 
 
 74,365 
 
 4,417 
 
 29,439 
 
 34,382 
 
 68,238 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 31,903 
 
 14,794 
 
 31,517 
 
 78,214 
 
 4,804 
 
 20,700 
 
 46,476 
 
 71,980 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 40,660 
 
 14,860 
 
 37,463 
 
 92,983 
 
 3,928 
 
 43,227 
 
 38,100 
 
 85,255 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 42,351 
 
 12,568 
 
 10-,703 
 
 65,622 
 
 4,318 
 
 33,036 
 
 42,247 
 
 79,601 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 47,329 
 
 14,623 
 
 18,200 
 
 80,152 
 
 4,497 
 
 34,675 
 
 41,831 
 
 81,003 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 48,015 
 
 12,000 
 
 8,839 
 
 68,854 
 
 4,305 
 
 28;803 
 
 43,472 
 
 76,580 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 46,105 
 
 9,029 
 
 21,533 
 
 76,667 
 
 3,930 
 
 23,428 
 
 41,681 
 
 69,039 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 46,011 
 
 6,000 
 
 13,566 
 
 65,577 
 
 3,760 
 
 18,285 
 
 41,010 
 
 63,055 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 44,517 
 
 1,985 
 
 10,602 
 
 57,104 
 
 3,460 
 
 19,039 
 
 39,528 
 
 62,027 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 46,301 
 
 2,000 
 
 28,666 
 
 76,967 
 
 4,470 
 
 17,512 
 
 59,669 
 
 81,651 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 45,413 
 
 3,333 
 
 600,738 
 
 649,484 
 
 4,014 
 
 17,681 
 
 559,941 
 
 581,636 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 49,358 
 
 3,000 
 
 148,159 
 
 200,517 
 
 4,502 
 
 81,713 
 
 125,518 
 
 211,733 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 51,952 
 
 2,000 
 
 219,144 
 
 273,096 
 
 4,778 
 
 131,333 
 
 141,118 
 
 277,229 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 72,947 
 
 1,841 
 
 226,048 
 
 300,836 
 
 7,515 
 
 103,339 
 
 242,592 
 
 353,446 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 69,245 
 
 1,500 
 
 224,748 
 
 295,493 
 
 7,944 
 
 59,057 
 
 230,494 
 
 297,495 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 69,104 
 
 1,057 
 
 183,443 
 
 253,604 
 
 8,215 
 
 28,685 
 
 207,048 
 
 243,948 
 
 (o) Road Trusts and Districts. 
 
 1. Management of Roads and Streets Act 1838. Under this Act the management, 
 control, superintendence, and charge of all roads, bridges, and ferries, not within the 
 limits of a Township, and all affairs relating to their formation, extension, alteration, 
 improvement, or repair were vested in a body of Trustees consisting of all Justices of the 
 Peace and all proprietors of land held in fee simple to the extent of 1,000 acres or over. 
 These Trustees were to hold four general meetings annually, and special meetings when 
 required ; they had power to define Districts and to nominate Committees of their numbers 
 for the more immediate direction of such Districts. At the general meeting held 
 annually in January the Trustees were to elect by ballot a Chairman and Directors of 
 Districts from their body, as well as to appoint a Treasurer, Collectors, Clerks, Surveyors, 
 and other requisite officers. The revenue of the Trust was derived from (a) ferry tolls 
 and leases thereof, (6) funds proclaimed by the Governor, (c) voluntary subscriptions, 
 (d) Government grants, (e) loans, and (/) assessments. The Trustees were empowered to 
 borrow on the security of tolls, dues, or charges. 
 
 2. Roads and Streets Act 1841. The 1838 Act was repealed and replaced by the 
 Moods and Streets Act 1841. The right of property in all roads, canals, bridges, tow- 
 paths, ferries, and other public lines of communication not laid out by the authority of 
 the Governor as streets in any townsite, was vested in the General Road Trust of the 
 Colony. This Trust consisted of all the Justices of the Peace and all proprietors of not 
 less than 320 acres of land held in fee simple. At the annual general meeting held in 
 January, a Chairman and Committee of five members were to be elected by ballot. The 
 Trustees were to define Districts and nominate Directors and Committees for each 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 105 
 
 District. The owner or occupier of any land taken for road or other purposes was to be 
 compensated for any actual damage other than for the loss of land, the amount of such 
 compensation to be fixed by a jury. The revenue of the General Road Trust was derived 
 from the same sources as that of the Road Trust under the 1838 Act. 
 
 3. Roads Ordinance 1847. As the system of management of the internal communi- 
 cations of the Colony by means of the General Road Trust proved to be inefficient and 
 unsuitable, the Act of 1841 was repealed, save as to the levying of tolls, by the Roads 
 Ordinance of 1847. 
 
 A Central Board of Works was constituted to have the management of all matters 
 connected with the construction and repair of roads, canals, bridges, and public lines of 
 communication, and of all public works as were committed to its charge from time to time. 
 This Board consisted of eight members appointed by the Governor, of whom four were 
 persons not holding any office of emolument under the Local Government, and who were 
 bona fide proprietors of at least 1,000 acres of land in fee simple in Western Australia. 
 Streets laid out in any Townsite were not vested in this Board. The Board could 
 divide the Colon y into Districts, each with a Local Board, of which each proprietor of 
 320 acres in fee simple was a member. A Local Board could elect a Chairman and 
 Committee of not more than five members to have the management of all roads and 
 other public works in the District, subject to the sanction and control of the Central 
 Board. A Local Board could also propose or recommend to the Central Board lines of 
 communications or public works. The revenue of the Board was derived from (a) tolls 
 at ferries, not the property of any Town Trust ; (6) leases of tolls ; (c) other tolls ; 
 (d) voluntary subscriptions ; (e) Government grants ; and (/) loans on the security 
 of tolls. 
 
 In 1847 an export toll of ten shillings per ton, to be in force for three years, was placed 
 on all sandalwood cut and prepared for shipment, and the proceeds of this toll were handed 
 over to the Central Board of Works for the construction and repair of roads, bridges, and 
 other public lines of communication. 
 
 This system of management does not appear to have been found satisfactory, as by 
 an Ordinance in 1849 the Central and all the Local Boards were abolished, and the 
 construction and management of roads reverted to the Government, in the hands of which 
 they remained until 1871. 
 
 4. District Roads Act 1 871. Under this Act Road Districts were formed, the boundaries 
 of which were either proclaimed by the Governor or were conterminous with those of a 
 Resident Magistrate's or Police Magistrate's District. Local Boards consisting .of seven 
 members of whom one was Chairman were elected by ratepayers, with the duties of making 
 and keeping in repair roads and bridges within the District. Should the ratepayers 
 refuse or neglect to elect a Board, or, having been elected, should such Board neglect to 
 keep in repair the main lines of road, or should two-thirds of the ratepayers so petition, 
 the Governor could assume and exercise the functions of the Board. Three members of 
 the Board retired annually in December, and the Board elected its own Chairman. 
 Rateable property was defined as all property within the District with the exception of 
 (a) property in any City or Town where there was in existence a City or Town Council 
 or Town Trust ; (b) waste Crown lands ; (c) Crown lands used for public purposes ; 
 (d) churches ; (e) chapels ; (/) cemeteries ; (g) public schools and those subsidized by 
 Government ; (h) public buildings ; and (i) lands for religious, charitable, or public 
 purposes, or set apart for aborigines. Under the term ratepayer was understood the 
 occupier of rateable property or the owner of unoccupied property, and all ratepayers 
 who had paid their rates were entitled to vote, a ratepayer having one vote if the annual 
 value of his property was 5 and under 10, two votes if 10 and under 25, three votes 
 if 25 and under 50, and four votes if 50 or over. Roads were classified as main and 
 minor roads. A Board could levy tolls and rates not exceeding one shilling in the 
 pound on the net annual value. Two or more Auditors were appointed by the ratepayers 
 at a general meeting, the Resident Magistrate to be one of the Auditors. 
 
 In 1873 Local Road Boards were empowered to collect licence fees on carts. 
 
106 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 In 1876, the qualifications of an elector were more clearly defined as a person (a) who 
 on the first of October had been seised of or occupied rateable property within the 
 District of the value of 5 and upwards ; (6) who had paid rates assessed up to the 30th 
 June ; and (c) who had not been during the year in receipt of any public relief or alms. 
 Voting by proxy was allowed to persons resident over 15 miles from the polling place or 
 out of the District. 
 
 5. Roads Act 1888. This Act consolidated and repealed previous Acts and amend- 
 ments. The main provisions of the 1871 Act remained unchanged, the following being 
 the more important alterations : An elector was now defined as any British subject of 
 full age resident hi the Colony (a) who on the first of September, and since the first of 
 January, was seised of as his own or had as occupier been in occupation of rateable 
 property within the limits of the District ; (&) who had paid all rates assessed up to the 
 30th June ; and (c) who had not within such year been in receipt of any public relief or 
 alms. Any male person on the electoral list was eligible as a member of the Board, or 
 as Auditor provided (a) that he was not of unsound mind ; (6) that he was not an 
 uncertificated bankrupt ; and (c) that he did not hold a place of profit at the disposal of 
 the Board, or an interest in a contract with the Board. A Board was prohibited from 
 expending more than 100 in making any bridge or culvert, except by the directions of 
 and under the control of the Director of Public Works ; it might also not expend more 
 than one quarter of the money received from the Government on minor roads. 
 
 In 1894, land leased for pastoral purposes was declared to be no longer exempt from 
 rating, and a Board was empowered to construct tanks, wells, and dams, and to bore 
 for water for the purpose of supplying water along any line of road, fixing the rates payable 
 for the same. 
 
 In 1895, the carrying out of the Width of Tires Act was entrusted to Boards within 
 their Districts, and in 1899 the registration of dogs was handed over to them, with 
 power to retain the fees. 
 
 6. Roads Act 1902. The provisions of this Act were practically the same as those of 
 the 1888 Act, the main points of difference being as follows : (a) A Road District could 
 be divided into Wards, in which case the number of members of the Board could be 
 increased to nine ; (6) an absent voter, defined as one who intended to be absent from 
 the State on the day of election, or who resided more than 5 miles from the polling place, 
 or who was ill, might apply to the returning officer, a resident magistrate, Justice of 
 the Peace, or postmaster for permission to vote by post ; (c) valuation on the unimproved 
 capital value, except in the case of mining leases, was authorized, and the maximum rate 
 was fixed at one shilling and sixpence on the annual or twopence halfpenny on the 
 capital value ; (d) two Auditors were to be appointed, one by the Government, and the 
 other annually by the ratepayers ; (e) in certain scheduled Districts, and in such 
 Districts as the Governor might direct after a petition from a majority of the rate- 
 payers, a Board might borrow up to ten times the average amount of the general rates 
 for the preceding year for the purpose of constructing new roads. 
 
 In 1904, an amendment fixed the number of votes allowed to an elector, where the 
 system of valuation on the unimproved capital value was adopted, as follows : One 
 vote where the valuation was under 200, two where 200 and under 500, three where 
 500 and under 1,000, and four where 1,000 or over. Fines and penalties recovered 
 under the Police Act were no longer to be paid to the revenue of a Board as heretofore. 
 The schedule of Boards allowed to borrow money was repealed, and any Board might 
 now borrow, and was authorized also to make footways and maintain river jetties and 
 bathhouses ; half the cost of paving footways to be paid by the owners of property 
 fronting thereon. 
 
 Another amendment in the same year authorized the Governor to appoint a Road 
 Board as a Drainage Board for any Drainage District within its area. 
 
 In 1909, the Governor was empowered to direct that any sea or river jetty be placed 
 under the control of a Road Board. A Board could also establish or subsidize hospitals, 
 ferries, and fire brigades. If the revenue of a Road Board fell below 200 in any year 
 the Governor could abolish such Board. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 107 
 
 7. Roads Act 191 1. This Act, as amended in 1912, is at present in force, and the 
 following are the chief features thereof : 
 
 (i) Constitution of Road Districts. The Governor (a) may constitute any portion of 
 Western Australia which is not included in a Municipal District a Road District ; 
 (6) may unite two or more Districts ; (c) may divide Districts ; (d) may subdivide 
 Districts into Wards ; (e) may alter the boundaries of a District ; and (/) may abolish 
 Districts and Wards. 
 
 If for two consecutive financial years the revenue derived from the general rates of 
 any Board is in each year less than 150, the Governor may abolish the District and 
 include the area thereof in some other District. 
 
 (ii) Constitution of Road Boards. A Road Board consists of not less than five, nor 
 more than eleven members, as fixed by the Governor. 'Every adult male person, being 
 a natural-born or naturalized subject of the King, and having the qualification of an 
 elector, is qualified to be elected as a member of the Board, provided (a) that he has not 
 been convicted for any offence punishable by imprisonment for one year or longer ; 
 (6) that he is not an undischarged bankrupt ; (c) that he is not of unsound mind ; 
 (d) that he is not the holder of any office of profit under the Board ; and (e) that he has 
 no direct pecuniary interest in any agreement with the Board, except as member of an 
 incorporated company consisting of at least twenty members. The Chairman of the 
 Board is elected by the members from among themselves, but at least two-thirds of the 
 Board must be present at such election. One-third of the members, if the number of 
 members is a multiple of three, or as nearly as possible one-third if otherwise, and the 
 Chairman, retire annually. In a case where there is in any District no Board, or not 
 sufficient members to form a quorum, the Governor may appoint a Commissioner for 
 such District, who is authorized to exercise all the powers of the Board. 
 
 (iii) Qualifications of Electors. Every adult person being a natural-born or 
 naturalized subject of the King, and being on the thirteenth day of January in any year 
 the owner or occupier of land liable to be rated within the District, is qualified as an 
 elector, and, when a District is divided into Wards, is entitled to vote in each Ward in 
 which his land is situated. An elector has a number of votes proportionate to the annual 
 rateable value or unimproved capital value of his land according to the following scale : 
 
 So. of Votes. 
 
 Annual Value. 
 
 Unimproved Capital Value. 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 Up to 10 
 Over 10 and up to 25 
 Over 25 and up to 50 
 Over 50 
 
 Up to 150 
 Over 150 and up to 300 
 Over 300 and up to 600 
 Over 600 
 
 A corporation may register a person to vote on its behalf, and the manager for the 
 owner of any rateable land may be registered, if the owner does not reside on the land. 
 
 Any elector who intends to be absent from the District on the day of election, or 
 who resides more than 5 miles from a polling place, or is prevented by illness or infirmity 
 from attending a polling place, may apply to a returning officer, or any magistrate, 
 Justice of the Peace, or other person appointed by the Minister, to vote before such 
 person as an absent voter. 
 
 (iv) Powers and Duties of Boards. Boards have the care, control, and management 
 of all roads within their respective Districts. Sea or river jetties may be placed under 
 their control by the Governor, as well as public reserves, parks, recreation grounds, 
 commons, bridges, wells, dams, tanks, and other works. They may appropriate sums 
 out of ordinary revenue for maintaining and improving agricultural halls, libraries, or 
 reading-rooms which are vested in them, and may be appointed by the Governor to be 
 Drainage Boards. They may construct and maintain bathing enclosures and houses, 
 jetties, tanks, wells, reservoirs, drains and water-pourses, plant trees, improve public 
 
108 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 reserves, construct tramways, clear roads of poisonous plants, and subsidize ferries, district 
 nursing systems, hospitals, and duly-qualified medical practitioners. The cost of 
 making and paving footways is to be borne as to one moiety by Boards, and as to the 
 other by the owners of rateable lands abutting on such footway. A Board may not 
 expend a sum exceeding 100 in making any bridge or culvert except by the direction 
 and under the control of the Minister. The Governor may proclaim main roads, and 
 authorize any defects or want of reparation thereof to be made good bv the Minister. 
 A Board may make arrangements for the prevention of fires, may establish pounds, and. 
 may make by-laws. 
 
 (v) Revenue of Boirds. The ordinary revenue of every Board is made up of (a) rents 
 from the property of the Board ; (6) fees or rents from lands vested in the Board ; 
 (c) building and other fees ; (d) fees for licences under the Roods Act ; (e) fees for 
 licences under other Acts ; (/) fines and penalties under the" Roads Act ; (g) fines and 
 penalties under other Acts ; (h) moneys payable in respect of a general rate ; (i) other 
 moneys received under this Act not being the proceeds of a loan or loan rate ; and 
 (j) other moneys received under any other Act. The Government may grant money for 
 specific or general purposes, but such money is not to be deemed ordinary income and 
 must be accounted for separately. 
 
 A Board may borrow money for works or undertakings or for liquidating previous loans, 
 but the amount so borrowed must not exceed (a) seven times the average ordinary revenue 
 of the Board for the two preceding years, or (b) in case the Board is already indebted, the 
 difference obtained by subtracting from ten times such average revenue the balance 
 remaining unpaid of any previous loans. If demand is made by twenty resident owners 
 of rateable land, the question whether a loan be incurred must be submitted to a poll of 
 resident owners, who are defined as persons residing in the District and entitled to a legal 
 or equitable estate or interest in rateable land in fee simple or for a term of years having 
 at least seven years unexpired. At such a poll the provisions for election of members 
 shall apply. A Board may borrow on overdraft up to one -third of the ordinary revenue 
 for the preceding year. 
 
 (vi) Valuation of Rateable Property. All land is rateable property except (a) land the 
 property of the Crown and used for public purposes or unoccupied ; (b) land belonging 
 to any religious body, and used or held exclusively for a place of public worship, a 
 Sunday school, a minister's residence, or occupied exclusively by a religious brotherhood 
 or sisterhood ; (c) land used exclusively for a public hospital, benevolent asylum, 
 orphanage, public school, private school being the property of a religious body, public 
 library, museum, art gallery, or mechanics' institute ; (d) land used exclusively for 
 charitable purposes ; (e) agricultural or horticultural show grounds, zoological or 
 acclimatization gardens, or places of public resort and recreation ; (/) cemeteries ; (g) land 
 declared by the Governor to be exempt from rates ; and (h) land held on conditional 
 purchase for two years from the commencement of the lease. 
 
 A Board must make annually a valuation of the capital unimproved value, but may 
 adopt in any Townsite or in any area defined for that purpose, the system of valuation 
 on the annual value. 
 
 The capital unimproved value is taken as the price at which the land, in fee simple, 
 unencumbered by any mortgage or charge, and if no improvement existed thereon, might 
 be expected to sell at the time when valued. No regard is to be given to any metals or 
 minerals contained in the land. In the case of a Crown lease, the capital unimproved 
 value is to be taken at twenty times the annual rent. 
 
 The annual value of improved and occupied land is deemed to be a sum equal to the 
 estimated amount of rent at which such land would let from year to year, less rates and 
 taxes and 20 per cent, for repairs and other outgoings ; but such annual value must not 
 be less than 4 per cent, of the capital value of the fee simple. 
 
 The capital unimproved value of timber leases and other concessions from the Crown 
 is taken at five shillings per acre. The annual valuation of timber and firewood tramways 
 is taken at a sum not exceeding 5 per cent, of the cost of construction, less depreciation. 
 Other tramways, in lieu of rates, pay 3 per cent, of the gross earnings within the District, 
 and gas and electric companies 1J per cent, of the gross receipts. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 109 
 
 (vii) Rates. Rates are of three kinds general, local, and loan. 
 
 (a) General Rates. These are struck on all the rateable land within the District, and 
 must not exceed threepence nor be less than one penny in the pound on the capital 
 unimproved value or exceed two shillings, or be less than ninepence in the pound on the 
 annual value. 
 
 (b) Local Rate*. A Board may, by special order, with the consent of the Minister, 
 fix the rate 'for any Townsite or for any special area defined by proclamation at a higher 
 figure, within the limits aforesaid. 
 
 (c) Loan Rates. The amount of these rates is that which is necessary to enable a 
 Board to pay the interest on the loan and the amount of sinking fund. Such loan rates 
 may be levied on the part of the District specially benefited. 
 
 (viii) Auditors. There are two Auditors for every District, one appointed by the 
 Minister, entitled the Government Inspector of Road Boards, and the other elected by 
 the ratepayers annually at the same time and in the same manner as members of the 
 Board are elected. 
 
 8. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. Particulars concerning Road Districts are given in 
 the following tables in respect of (a) number of Districts, area, number of electors, length 
 of roads, annual value, assets, liabilities, and outstanding loans for the years 1895 to 
 1917 ; and (6) revenue and expenditure for the same period : 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. ROAD DISTRICTS. AREA, ANNUAL VALUE, ASSETS, 
 LIABILITIES, AND OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1895 TO 1917. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Number of 
 Boards 
 proclaimed 
 at end of 
 Year. 
 
 Area. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Electors.* 
 
 Length 
 of 
 Roads.* 
 
 Annual 
 Value.f 
 
 Assets and 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Out- 
 standing 
 Loans. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 
 
 Sq. miles 
 
 No. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1895J 
 
 61 
 
 774,030 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 21,369 
 
 ' 1,757 
 
 . 
 
 1896J 
 
 72 . 
 
 849,485 
 
 ( 7 ) 6,572 
 
 . . 
 
 
 32,981 
 
 7,006 
 
 t 
 
 1897J 
 
 71 
 
 840,846 
 
 ( 5 ) 6,879 
 
 ( 8 ) 10,473 
 
 . . 
 
 36,930 
 
 5,333 
 
 . . 
 
 18981 
 
 79 
 
 975,856 
 
 ( 5 ) 8,314 
 
 ( 7 ) 10,478 
 
 . . 
 
 14,256 
 
 3,158 
 
 . 
 
 1899J 
 
 85 
 
 975,826 
 
 ( 7 ) 9,552 
 
 ( 10 ) 13,208 
 
 
 15,291 
 
 1,856 
 
 . . 
 
 1900} 
 
 88 
 
 975,821 
 
 ( 7 ) 11,138 
 
 ( 9 ) 9,460 
 
 . . 
 
 21,614 
 
 4,207 
 
 . . 
 
 1901J 
 
 93 
 
 975,808 
 
 ( 4 ) 11,021 
 
 ( 4 ) 13,671 
 
 
 18,339 
 
 2,441 
 
 . . 
 
 19021 
 
 94 
 
 975,812 
 
 ( 2 ) 11,440 
 
 ( 2 ) 14,550 
 
 
 23,309 
 
 3,298 
 
 . . 
 
 1904 
 
 97 
 
 976,006 
 
 ( 2 ) 17,175 
 
 ( 2 ) 13,083 
 
 
 86,338 
 
 8,641 
 
 16 
 
 1905|| 
 
 97 
 
 975,802 
 
 ( 3 ) 16,241 
 
 ( 2 )13,113 
 
 871,930 
 
 99,520 
 
 12,099 
 
 
 1906H 
 
 99 
 
 975,792 
 
 ( 2 ) 17,906 
 
 H 15,401 
 
 891,522 
 
 107,727 
 
 16,098 
 
 '687 
 
 1907|| 
 
 101 
 
 975,780 
 
 (!) 19,081 
 
 ( 2 ) 15,489 
 
 931,219 
 
 98,878 
 
 14,551 
 
 839 
 
 1908|| 
 
 101 
 
 975,781 
 
 18,551 
 
 (!) 18,142 
 
 976,367 
 
 102,224 
 
 18,968 
 
 1,930 
 
 1909|| 
 
 104 
 
 975,781 
 
 20,437 
 
 20,861 
 
 ,071,488 
 
 107,357 
 
 19,527 
 
 1,600 
 
 1910|| 
 
 105 
 
 975,793 
 
 24,019 
 
 21,747 
 
 ,145,577 
 
 122,684 
 
 20,024 
 
 1,600 
 
 1911|| 
 
 104 
 
 975,800 
 
 26,321 
 
 23,162 
 
 ,303,585 
 
 163,619 
 
 25,943 
 
 1,600 
 
 1912|| 
 
 110 
 
 975,809 
 
 ( 1 )44,305 
 
 O 25,385 
 
 ,460,078 
 
 167,675 
 
 43,836 
 
 15,900 
 
 191311 
 
 113 
 
 975,815 
 
 j 1 ) 49,927 
 
 ( 2 ) 27,567 
 
 ,611,530 
 
 182,617 
 
 56,822 
 
 23,466 
 
 1914|| 
 
 112 
 
 974,476 
 
 53,881 
 
 ( 2 ) 28,657 
 
 ,758,279 
 
 207,415 
 
 86,693 
 
 42,855 
 
 1915H 
 
 112 
 
 974,476 
 
 H 53,931 
 
 ( 2 ) 28,354 
 
 ,756,314 
 
 206,806 
 
 98,285 
 
 58,267 
 
 1916|| 
 
 113 
 
 975,827 
 
 
 ( 2 ) 28,837 
 
 ,802,847 
 
 226,335 
 
 114,841 
 
 85,281 
 
 1917H 
 
 117 
 
 975,828 
 
 
 ( 3 ) 29,942 
 
 ,793,463 
 
 256,245 
 
 137,994 
 
 101,070 
 
 * The figures given for the numbers of electors and the length of roads being incomplete, the numbers 
 of Districts for which particulars are not available are given in parentheses at the side of each figure. 
 
 t As a portion of the valuations is based on the capital unimproved value, the annual value is assumed 
 in this column to be one-tenth of the unimproved capital value. 
 
 J Year ending 31st December. 
 
 Eighteen months ending 30th June, 1904. 
 
 || Year ending 30th June. 
 
110 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. ROAD DISTRICTS. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE 
 
 1895 TO 1917. 
 
 
 No. of Boards. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 
 
 For 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Year.* 
 
 MTfnrt 
 
 which 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 JSBQ 
 
 of 
 
 Year. 
 
 Particu- 
 lars are 
 avail- 
 
 Rates. 
 
 -T rom 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 able. % 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1895 
 
 61 
 
 42 
 
 
 43,953 
 
 2,078 
 
 46,031 
 
 871 
 
 24,077 
 
 425 
 
 25,373 
 
 1896 
 
 72 
 
 55 
 
 *266 
 
 36,221 
 
 3,844 
 
 40,331 
 
 2,045 
 
 40,901 
 
 1,723 
 
 44,669 
 
 1897 
 
 71 
 
 63 
 
 1,617 
 
 60,650 3,S9S 
 
 66,16.-. 
 
 4,293 
 
 68,142 
 
 2,750 
 
 75,185 
 
 1898 
 
 79 
 
 70 
 
 1,505 
 
 44,185 
 
 3,465 
 
 49,155 
 
 4,117 
 
 44,547 
 
 1,460 
 
 50,124 
 
 1899 
 
 85 
 
 71 
 
 4,876 
 
 25,412 
 
 3,928 
 
 34,216 
 
 4,932 
 
 27,528 
 
 2,586 
 
 35,046 
 
 1900 
 
 88 
 
 75 
 
 7,040 
 
 48,749 
 
 7,309 
 
 63,098 
 
 6,180 
 
 46,056 
 
 3,344 
 
 55,580 
 
 1901 
 
 93 
 
 90 
 
 8,293 
 
 36,011 
 
 6,580 
 
 50,884 
 
 6,833 
 
 45,303 
 
 3,935 
 
 56,071 
 
 1902 
 
 94 
 
 89 
 
 10,302 
 
 67,749 
 
 7,807 
 
 85,858 
 
 8,086 
 
 69,210 
 
 4,859 
 
 82,155 
 
 1904f 
 
 97 
 
 90 
 
 18,593 
 
 141,409 
 
 16,139 
 
 176,141 
 
 15,572 
 
 100,764 
 
 10,400 
 
 126,736 
 
 1905 
 
 97 
 
 97 
 
 23,558 
 
 90,476 
 
 11,546 
 
 125,580 
 
 13,564 
 
 98,985 
 
 9,542 
 
 122,091 
 
 1906 
 
 99 
 
 99 
 
 28,219 
 
 85,280 
 
 12,746 
 
 126,245 
 
 14,413 
 
 102,372 
 
 8,831 
 
 125,616 
 
 1907 
 
 101 
 
 101 
 
 35,088 
 
 60,313 
 
 13,796 
 
 109,197 
 
 17,016 
 
 99,079 
 
 10,621 
 
 126,716 
 
 1908 
 
 101 
 
 101 
 
 40,491 
 
 58,311 
 
 14,707 
 
 113,509 
 
 16,649 
 
 93,631 
 
 9,808 
 
 120,088 
 
 1909 
 
 104 
 
 104 
 
 46,034 
 
 52,382 
 
 15,870 
 
 114,286 
 
 16,633 
 
 87,744 
 
 12,346 
 
 116,723 
 
 1910 
 
 105 
 
 105 
 
 54,115 
 
 61,301 
 
 14,201 
 
 129,617 
 
 17,522 
 
 87,133 
 
 10,293 
 
 114,948 
 
 1911 
 
 104 
 
 104 
 
 59,303 
 
 100,126 
 
 16,473 
 
 175,902 
 
 19,078 
 
 107,925 
 
 14,012 
 
 141,015 
 
 1912 
 
 110 
 
 110 
 
 70,397 
 
 64,774 
 
 36,497 
 
 171,668 
 
 21,168 
 
 138,049 
 
 37,359 
 
 196,576 
 
 1913 
 
 113 
 
 112 
 
 80,551 
 
 60,687 
 
 29,770 
 
 171,008 
 
 22,905 
 
 135,721 
 
 25,961 
 
 184,587 
 
 1914 
 
 112 
 
 112 
 
 93,700 
 
 63,668 
 
 46,031 
 
 203,399 
 
 24,120 
 
 139,859 
 
 23,821 
 
 187,800 
 
 1915 
 
 112 
 
 112 
 
 88,569 
 
 27,7.53 
 
 47,571 
 
 163,893 
 
 26,025 
 
 139,542 
 
 27,466 
 
 193,033 
 
 1916 
 
 113 
 
 113 
 
 104,345 
 
 24,397 
 
 38,820 
 
 167,562 
 
 24,903 
 
 114,343 
 
 27,094 
 
 166,340 
 
 1917 
 
 117 
 
 117 
 
 113,686 
 
 30,226 
 
 55,383 
 
 199,295 
 
 26,335 
 
 126,316 
 
 36,526 
 
 189,177 
 
 * Ending from 1895 to 1902 on 31st December, from 1904 to 1917 on 30th June. 
 
 t Eighteen months ending 30th June, 1904. 
 
 } Many of these Boards were not active during the periods under review. 
 
 (E) Local Boards of Health. 
 
 1. General. Previous to 1886 provisions were included in the various Municipal 
 Acts regarding health and sanitary arrangements, but in that year a Health Act was 
 passed, and thenceforth all such matters were dealt with under separate Acts, which 
 were amended and repealed from time to time. As the Health Boards created under 
 these Acts are closely connected with the Municipal Councils and Koad Boards, a short 
 resume of the various Acts is given here. 
 
 2. Public Health Act 1886. Under this Act the Governor could appoint a Central 
 Board of Health, consisting of five members, including a Chairman, of whom one was 
 to be a duly qualified medical practitioner, one a civil engineer, and one a practical 
 builder. The Governor was also empowered to appoint Local Boards of Health for 
 Perth and Fremantle, and, on the recommendation of the Central Board, for any 
 Municipality to which the Act was extended. Such a Board was to consist of the Mayor 
 or Chairman of the Municipality as ex officio member, and two other members appointed 
 by the Governor, the Board electing its own Chairman. The expenses of the Central 
 Board were defrayed by the Government, while those of the Local Board were met 
 by a special health rate, not exceeding threepence in the pound on the annual value, 
 levied by the Municipal Councils concerned. A Local Board was empowered (a) to appoint 
 a health officer with the powers of an inspector ; (b) to make by-laws ; (c) to seize 
 unwholesome food ; (d) to provide temporary places for the reception of the sick by 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. Ill 
 
 contract or otherwise ; (e) to register offensive trades ; (/) to abate nuisances ; (g) to 
 declare houses unfit for human habitation ; and (h) to provide for the removal of night-soil 
 and rubbish. The Central Board could make regulations as to diseases, and the Local 
 Boards were required to carry them out. 
 
 An amendment of the Act in 1892 abolished the Local Boards of Health, where 
 created, and the members of a Municipal Council were constituted the Local Board 
 of Health. The business of these Boards was to be the ordinary business of Municipal 
 Councils. t 
 
 In 1893, Local Boards of Health were authorized to make by-laws requiring cesspools 
 to be filled up, and the pan system for the removal of night-soil adopted. 
 
 A further amendment passed in 1895 authorized the Governor to place any area of 
 land adjoining a Municipality under the jurisdiction of the Local Board of Health of such 
 Municipality. The Governor also could appoint a Local Board of Health for any locality 
 defined by Order in Council. Such Board was to consist of not more than seven members, 
 of whom one was to be Chairman, and was to exercise all the duties and powers vested in 
 Local Boards. The expenses of these Boards were to be defrayed out of moneys voted 
 by Parliament. In the event of the locality for which a Board was appointed being 
 constituted a Municipality, all the duties were to be handed over to the Municipal Council. 
 
 In 1896, the maximum amount of health rate was raised to sixpence in the pound on 
 the annual value. 
 
 3. Health Act 1898. This Act consolidated and repealed the previous Act with its 
 amendments ; but the provisions regarding the appointment of the Central and Local 
 Boards of Health remained unchanged, as well as their duties and powers. The most 
 important alteration was that all Local Boards were authorized to levy a special health 
 rate not exceeding sixpence in the pound on the annual value, whereas formerly this 
 could only be done by a Municipality. Additional powers were given Boards with respect 
 to the adulteration of food, the appointment of analysts, the registration of common 
 lodging houses, of houses of persons receiving infants for nursing, and of private hospitals. 
 Local Boards had also to attend to the paving of lanes and yards, with power to recover 
 the expenses incurred with respect to private roads, and to have the management of 
 sewers and drains. A separate rate not exceeding sixpence in the pound could be levied 
 for the purpose of removing night-soil, or an annual charge could be made for that 
 purpose. 
 
 An amendment made in 1900 empowered the Governor to amalgamate Districts, the 
 Board of Health for such combined District to exercise all the powers imposed by the 
 Act on Local Boards, and to be styled a District Board of Health. After the proclamation 
 of a combined District, every Municipal Council and non-municipal Local Board and 
 Road Board within such District was to meet, and each elect not more than three of their 
 numbers to be members of the District Board of Health. 
 
 In 1906, every Municipal District was constituted a Health District, and the Municipal 
 Council proclaimed to be the Local Board of Health. 
 
 4. Health Act 1911. In 1911 the Health Act was again consolidated and amended. 
 The administration was placed under the control of the Minister of Public Health. 
 The Central Board of Health was abolished, and its duties and powers handed over to a' 
 Commissioner of Public Health appointed by the Governor. The constitution and 
 powers of Local Boards remained the same, with the additional proviso that where the 
 boundaries of a Health District were conterminous with or within the boundaries of a 
 Road Board, the Road Board should be the Local Board of Health. A new system of 
 rating was adopted by which an ordinary health rate, not exceeding ninepence in the 
 pound on the annual value or one penny farthing on the unimproved capital value, could 
 be levied in certain proclaimed Districts, while in others this rate was not to exceed sixpence 
 or three farthings respectively. The sanitary rate was also not to exceed sixpence on the 
 annual or three farthings on the unimproved capital value. Supplementary rates could 
 be levied to meet any extraordinary or unanticipated expenditure. Special loans could 
 be raised and special loan rates levied. The duties of a Health Board remained the 
 same as under the previous Acts. 
 
112 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 5. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following tables are given particulars regarding 
 (a) the revenue and expenditure of the Municipal and other Local Boards of Health for 
 the years 1896 to 1917 ; and (6) their assets, liabilities, and outstanding loans for the 
 years 1907 to 1917 : 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. LOCAL BOARDS OF HEALTH. REVENUE AND 
 EXPENDITURE, 1896 TO 1917. 
 
 
 Number of Boards. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year.* 
 
 
 
 For which 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Muni- 
 cipal. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Particulars 
 are 
 available.t 
 
 Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Sanitary 
 Service. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1896 
 
 46 
 
 29 
 
 1,193 
 
 8,614 
 
 11,302 
 
 21,109 
 
 2,190 
 
 14,737 
 
 2,477 
 
 19,404 
 
 1897 
 
 73 
 
 49 
 
 7,993 
 
 9,830 
 
 19,029 
 
 36,852 
 
 5,696 
 
 18,972 
 
 10,442 
 
 35,110 
 
 1898 
 
 35 
 
 57 
 
 76 
 
 10,068 
 
 4,768 
 
 21,647 
 
 36,483 
 
 5,364 
 
 18,302 
 
 10,632 
 
 34,298 
 
 1899 
 
 35 
 
 59 
 
 70 
 
 13,227 
 
 3,075 
 
 17,633 
 
 33,935 
 
 5,936 
 
 16,148 
 
 8,587 
 
 30,671 
 
 1900 
 
 35 
 
 60 
 
 71 
 
 16,041 
 
 4,225 
 
 15,637 
 
 35,903 
 
 7,261 
 
 24,090 
 
 3,270 
 
 34,621 
 
 1901 
 
 41 
 
 45 
 
 71 
 
 15,251 
 
 1,447 
 
 16,009 
 
 32,707 
 
 6,237 
 
 18,789 
 
 9,318 
 
 34,344 
 
 1902 
 
 44 
 
 52' 
 
 87 
 
 17,639 
 
 3,557 
 
 19,034 
 
 40,230 
 
 9,863 
 
 19,230 
 
 10,280 
 
 39,373 
 
 1903 
 
 44 
 
 61 
 
 105 
 
 21,884 
 
 1,902 
 
 20,608 
 
 44,394 
 
 10,138 
 
 22,873 
 
 11,046 
 
 44,057 
 
 1904 
 
 42 
 
 65 
 
 93 
 
 25,778 
 
 1,408 
 
 24,494 
 
 51,680 
 
 10,153 
 
 28,300 
 
 13,167 
 
 51,620 
 
 1905 
 
 43 
 
 55 
 
 86 
 
 26,002 
 
 640 
 
 30,225 
 
 56,867 
 
 10,483 
 
 30,724 
 
 17,578 
 
 58,785 
 
 1906 
 
 45 
 
 55 
 
 78 
 
 28,242 
 
 1,270 
 
 39,673 
 
 69,185 
 
 10,642 
 
 40,518 
 
 17,395 
 
 68,555 
 
 1907 
 
 46 
 
 65 
 
 90 
 
 33,289 
 
 1,012 
 
 34,273 
 
 68,574 
 
 11,333 
 
 39,519 
 
 20,264 
 
 71,116 
 
 1908 
 
 47 
 
 65 
 
 112 
 
 36,304 
 
 324 
 
 41,351 
 
 77,979 
 
 13,455 
 
 43,830 
 
 21,526 
 
 78,811 
 
 1909 
 
 46 
 
 69 
 
 115 
 
 39,447 
 
 689 
 
 49,998 
 
 90,134 
 
 13,994 
 
 49,502 
 
 24,470 
 
 87,966 
 
 1910 
 
 42 
 
 76 
 
 114 
 
 38,741 
 
 42 
 
 52,052 
 
 90,835 
 
 13,330 
 
 56,277 
 
 20,814 
 
 90,421 
 
 1911 
 
 42 
 
 80 
 
 120 
 
 38,398 
 
 775 
 
 56,032 
 
 95,205 
 
 12,900 
 
 59,639 
 
 20,019 
 
 92,558 
 
 1912 
 
 38 
 
 87 
 
 123 
 
 47,354 
 
 276 
 
 60,249 
 
 107,879 
 
 14,517 
 
 69,703 
 
 26,035 
 
 110,255 
 
 1913 
 
 33 
 
 85 
 
 116 
 
 55,637 
 
 86 
 
 62,845 
 
 118,568 
 
 17,360 
 
 72,286 
 
 24,514 
 
 114,160 
 
 1914 
 
 33 
 
 90 
 
 123 
 
 53,472 
 
 290 
 
 61,510 
 
 115,272 
 
 17,073 
 
 62,828 
 
 30,414 
 
 110,315 
 
 1915 
 
 31 
 
 95 
 
 126 
 
 42,904 
 
 . . 
 
 61,393 
 
 104,297 
 
 17,287 
 
 70,963 
 
 19,603 
 
 107,853 
 
 1916 
 
 30 
 
 93 
 
 123 
 
 43,942 
 
 25 
 
 59,416 
 
 103,383 
 
 17,137 
 
 68,749 
 
 12,834 
 
 98,720 
 
 1917 
 
 29 
 
 93 
 
 122 
 
 42,967 
 
 
 
 56,488 
 
 99,455 
 
 16,961 
 
 67,830 
 
 14,095 
 
 98,886 
 
 * The financial year of Municipal Boards ends on the 31st October, that of Non-municipal Boards on 
 the 30th November from 1896 to 1910, and on the 30th June from 1911 to 1917. 
 
 t Many of these Boards were inactive during the periods referred to. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. LOCAL BOARDS OF HEALTH. ASSETS, LIABILITIES, 
 AND OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1907 TO 1917. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding Loans. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1907 
 
 45,134 
 
 12,614 
 
 
 1908 
 
 59,120 
 
 16,011 
 
 
 1909 
 
 67,480 
 
 16,114 
 
 
 1910 
 
 70,633 
 
 12,814 
 
 
 1911 
 
 68,619 
 
 12,628 
 
 
 1912 
 
 68,063 
 
 15,409 
 
 
 1913 
 
 71,213 
 
 14,670 
 
 
 1914 
 
 81,781 
 
 13,280 
 
 
 1915 
 
 74,465 
 
 15,055 
 
 
 1916 
 
 76,557 
 
 13,836 
 
 1,500 
 
 1917 
 
 77,695 
 
 11,481 
 
 1,500 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 113 
 
 (F) Summary Tablss. 
 
 1. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following tables are shewn summaries of (a) 
 the revenue and expenditure for the years 1872 to 1917 ; and (6) the annual value, assets, 
 liabilities, and outstanding loans for the years 1895 to 1917 of all Municipalities, including 
 the City of Perth, Road Districts, and Local Boards of Health : 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. MUNICIPALITIES, ROAD DISTRICTS AND LOCAL 
 BOARDS OF HEALTH. SUMMARY OF REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1872 
 TO 1917. 
 
 rear. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1872 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 l,195f 
 
 
 
 
 "1,073 
 
 1873 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 1,5821 
 
 
 
 
 "1,568 
 
 1874 .. 
 
 . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 l,624f 
 
 
 
 
 "1,541 
 
 1875 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 l,645f 
 
 
 
 
 "1,646 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 l,134f 
 
 
 
 
 f874 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 l,716f 
 
 
 
 
 f2,008 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 1,056* 
 
 *250 
 
 781* 
 
 5,582 
 
 345* 
 
 1,226* 
 
 354* 
 
 5,057 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 1,227* 
 
 *250 
 
 758* 
 
 5,797 
 
 415* 
 
 1,056* 
 
 532* 
 
 5,157 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 3,164 
 
 1,150 
 
 1,464 
 
 5,778 
 
 999 
 
 2,748 
 
 601 
 
 4,348 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 3,651 
 
 716 
 
 8,161 
 
 12,528 
 
 1,460 
 
 7,563 
 
 942 
 
 9,965 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 3,935 
 
 487 
 
 3,193 
 
 7,615 
 
 1,010 
 
 5,934 
 
 1,726 
 
 8,670 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 5,139 
 
 1,185 
 
 4,885 
 
 11,209 
 
 1,126 
 
 7,119 
 
 3,884 
 
 12,129 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 5,448 
 
 580 
 
 4,778 
 
 10,806 
 
 1,161 
 
 4,777 
 
 3,256 
 
 9,194 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 6,910 
 
 . 722 
 
 14,442 
 
 22,074 
 
 1,375 
 
 8,413 
 
 3,525 
 
 13,313 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 6,870 
 
 1,018 
 
 10,312 
 
 18,200 
 
 851 
 
 5,987 
 
 14,497 
 
 21,335 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 9,279 
 
 2,150 
 
 17,678 
 
 29,107 
 
 1,410 
 
 17,549 
 
 6,946 
 
 25,905 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 9,972 
 
 536 
 
 13,206 
 
 23,714 
 
 1,583 
 
 13,928 
 
 7,499 
 
 23,010 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 11,719 
 
 950 
 
 21,473 
 
 34,142 
 
 2,041 
 
 12,602 
 
 17,194 
 
 31,837 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 13,185 
 
 1,947 
 
 5,215 
 
 20,347 
 
 2,387 
 
 13,751 
 
 10,005 
 
 26,143 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 14,988 
 
 1,235 
 
 8,229 
 
 24,452 
 
 2,547 
 
 10,666 
 
 9,536 
 
 22,749 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 19,057 
 
 6,425 
 
 4,218 
 
 29,700 
 
 2,807 
 
 17,077 
 
 10,546 
 
 30,430 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 18,185 
 
 6,757 
 
 20,451 
 
 45,393 
 
 3,492 
 
 19,916 
 
 11,663 
 
 35,071 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 20,202 
 
 7,292 
 
 4,864 
 
 32,358 
 
 3,191 
 
 17,689 
 
 12,386 
 
 33,266 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 29,157 
 
 21,495 
 
 27,939 
 
 78,591 
 
 5,374 
 
 39,683 
 
 29,509 
 
 74,566 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 37,676 
 
 81,492 
 
 60,419 
 
 179,587 
 
 13,443 
 
 79,950 
 
 74,050 
 
 167,44a 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 68,815 
 
 162,870 
 
 132,074 
 
 363,759 
 
 25,486 
 
 183,843 
 
 129,668 
 
 338,997 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 85,490 
 
 144,522 
 
 100,925 
 
 330,937 
 
 28,370 
 
 208,095 
 
 123,950 
 
 360,415 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 98,526 
 
 83,351 
 
 144,372 
 
 326,249 
 
 29,149 
 
 188,502 
 
 107,434 
 
 325,085 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 105,382 
 
 112,802 
 
 101,972 
 
 320,156 
 
 31,439 
 
 161,815 
 
 113,927 
 
 307,181 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 101,566 
 
 104,318 
 
 104,835 
 
 310,719 
 
 30,884 
 
 156,560 
 
 117,886 
 
 304,830 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 122,835 
 
 152,742 
 
 140,432 
 
 416,009 
 
 39,882 
 
 194,930 
 
 169,988 
 
 404,800 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 126,644 
 
 82,840 
 
 137,261 
 
 346,745 
 
 34,873 
 
 142,347 
 
 179,706 
 
 356,926 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 163,481 
 
 233,685 
 
 254,418 
 
 651,584 
 
 51,709 
 
 288,511 
 
 232,634 
 
 572,854 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 180,135 
 
 176,914 
 
 209,564 
 
 566,613 
 
 51,377 
 
 282,211 
 
 258,976 
 
 592,564 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 202,667 
 
 182,547 
 
 262,645 
 
 647,859 
 
 54,417 
 
 267,793 
 
 288,965 
 
 611,175 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 205,245 
 
 146,798 
 
 199,933 
 
 551,976 
 
 62,430 
 
 231,182 
 
 322,601 
 
 616,213 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 216,023 
 
 125,949 
 
 232,098 
 
 574,070 
 
 58,488 
 
 197,574 
 
 345,699 
 
 601,761 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 223,926 
 
 90,372 
 
 273,850 
 
 588,148 
 
 56,184 
 
 171,028 
 
 347,542 
 
 574,754 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 231,575 
 
 74,679 
 
 296,660 
 
 602,914 
 
 58,035 
 
 175,130 
 
 372,020 
 
 605,185 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 242,694 
 
 128,845 
 
 325,247 
 
 696,786 
 
 58,626 
 
 183,623 
 
 420,319 
 
 662,568 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 266,289 
 
 90,952 
 
 931,737 
 
 ,288,978 
 
 61,520 
 
 216,624 
 
 947,644 
 
 1,225,788 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 290,154 
 
 80,155 
 
 439,937 
 
 810,246 
 
 66,331 
 
 295,166 
 
 487,405 
 
 848,902 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 300,847 
 
 77,100 
 
 587,349 
 
 965,296 
 
 67,636 
 
 362,957 
 
 511,367 
 
 941,960 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 302,148 
 
 38,062 
 
 574,774 
 
 914,984 
 
 74,958 
 
 330,281 
 
 598,273 
 
 ,003,512 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 314,904 
 
 33,884 
 
 535,494 
 
 884,282 
 
 74,997 
 
 234,754 
 
 573,219 
 
 882,970 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 324,650 
 
 38,039 
 
 487,412 
 
 850,101 
 
 77,249 
 
 268,137 
 
 484,624 
 
 830,010 
 
 * Exclusive of Municipalities other than Perth. 
 t Exclusive of the City of Perth. 
 
114 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. MUNICIPALITIES, ROAD DISTRICTS, AND LOCAL 
 BOARDS OF HEALTH. SUMMARY OF ANNUAL VALUE, ASSETS, LIABILITIES, 
 AND OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1895 TO 1917. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Annual 
 Value. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1895 
 
 363,475* 
 
 263,001 f 
 
 92,644f 
 
 87,500 
 
 1896 
 
 416,593* 
 
 360,647f 
 
 116,208t 
 
 100,929 
 
 1897 
 
 825,340* 
 
 423,1 62 f 
 
 199,748f 
 
 160,100 
 
 1898 
 
 1,020,767* 
 
 283,200f 
 
 236,529f 
 
 180,575 
 
 1899 
 
 989,050* 
 
 293,977f 
 
 289,265f 
 
 275,500 
 
 1900 
 
 984,106* 
 
 342,079f 
 
 334,288f 
 
 306,100 
 
 1901 
 
 1,031,113* 
 
 326,026f 
 
 343,205f 
 
 365,500 
 
 1902 
 
 1,136,674* 
 
 465,013f 
 
 446,049f 
 
 413,050 
 
 1903 
 
 1,201,511* 
 
 472,944f 
 
 478,500f 
 
 437,300 
 
 1904 
 
 1,312,786* 
 
 632,261f 
 
 630,745f 
 
 589,816 
 
 1905 
 
 2,221,125 
 
 747,026t 
 
 663,544f 
 
 623,414 
 
 1906 
 
 2,290,527 
 
 880,373f 
 
 775,045t 
 
 714,037 
 
 1907 . .. 
 
 2,367,931 
 
 918,371 
 
 803,290 
 
 731,833 
 
 1908 
 
 2,448,837 
 
 996,222 
 
 834,795 
 
 759,424 
 
 1909 
 
 2,411,984 
 
 1,053,379 
 
 867,101 
 
 796,708 
 
 1910 
 
 2,449,734 
 
 1,120,086 
 
 930,987 
 
 846,444 
 
 1911 
 
 2,625,300 
 
 1,199,627 
 
 987,250 
 
 894,664 
 
 1912 
 
 2,841,829 
 
 1,772,977 
 
 1,569,340 
 
 ,475,182 
 
 1913 
 
 3,065,382 
 
 1,835,611 
 
 1,596,159 
 
 ,492,246 
 
 1914 
 
 3,263,705 
 
 1,964,500 
 
 1,783,586- 
 
 ,602,247 
 
 1915 
 
 3,293,939 
 
 1,951,235 
 
 1,877,806 
 
 ,748,341 
 
 1916 
 
 3,322,982 
 
 2,131,014 
 
 2,011,000 
 
 ,900,207 
 
 1917 
 
 3,306,106 
 
 2,190,536 
 
 2,006,397 
 
 ,891,738 
 
 * Exclusive of Road Boards. 
 
 t Exclusive of Local Boards of Health. 
 
 (G) Municipal Tramways. 
 
 1. General. There are two systems of electric tramways controlled by Municipal 
 Councils, the Fremantle Tramways and the Leonora-Gwalia Tramway. With the excep- 
 tion of the Kalgoorlie and Boulder City Tramways, which are run by a private company, 
 the other tramways are under the management of the State, the Perth Electric Tramways 
 having been purchased from a private company in 1913. There are also several 
 private timber and firewood tramways. 
 
 2. Fremantle Tramways. In 1903 a private Act intituled the Fremantle Municipal 
 Tramways and Electric Lighting Act was passed, empowering the Municipalities of 
 Fremantle and East Fremantle jointly to construct and work tramways within their 
 respective Districts, and to generate electricity for motive and lighting purposes. Power 
 was granted to borrow money and strike a special loan rate. The management of the 
 tramways is vested in a Board of five members, of whom the Mayor of Fremantle is ex 
 officio one, the other four being elected by the owners and occupiers of property within 
 the Municipalities, the voting power being the same as that for the election of Mayor 
 under the Municipal Institutions Act. 
 
 In 1907 the Municipality of North Fremantle was authorized to construct and work 
 tramways within the boundaries of the Municipality. These tramways were built, and 
 the cars of the Fremantle Tramways run over the lines. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 115 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following table gives the mileage, capital cost, 
 revenue, and expenditure of the Fremantle Tramways for the years 1909 to 1917 : 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. FREMANTLE TRAMWAYS.-MILEAGE, COST, REVENUE 
 AND EXPENDITURE, 1909 TO 1917. 
 
 Year ending 
 31st August. 
 
 Route Mileage. 
 
 Cost of 
 Construction. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 
 Miles. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1909 
 
 6^ 
 
 
 78,529 
 
 21,575 
 
 18,118 
 
 1910 
 
 si 
 
 
 95,432 
 
 24,537 
 
 27,882 
 
 1911 
 
 8j 
 
 
 102,479 
 
 26,605 
 
 21,546 
 
 1912 
 
 8j 
 
 
 105,026 
 
 29,089 
 
 20,750 
 
 1913 
 
 $ 
 
 
 101,555 
 
 32,088 
 
 25,330 
 
 1914 
 
 & 
 
 
 104,210 
 
 34,130 
 
 27,029 
 
 1915 
 
 & 
 
 
 105,449 
 
 34,253 
 
 26,324 
 
 1916 
 
 8; 
 
 
 111,790 
 
 38,079 
 
 29,052 
 
 1917 
 
 8; 
 
 
 117,531 
 
 39,552 
 
 36,679 
 
 4. Leonora- Gwalia Tramway. This tramway, which was originally in the hands of 
 a company, was electrified by the Municipality of Leonora, in conjunction with the scheme 
 for lighting the town of Leonora, and opened for traffic under the management of that 
 Municipality in 1908. In 1916 the only activity on this tramway has been the running of 
 a petrol car by a private syndicate. 
 
 5. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following table shows the route mileage, cost of 
 construction, revenue, and expenditure of the Leonora-Gwalia Tramway for the years 
 1907 to 1916 : 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. LEONORA-GWALIA TRAMWAY. MILEAGE, COST, 
 REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1907 TO 1916. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Route Mileage. 
 
 Cost of 
 Construction. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 
 Miles. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1907 
 
 2J 
 
 
 6,500 
 
 1,278 
 
 1,419 
 
 1908 
 
 2 
 
 
 6,500 
 
 1,257 
 
 1,383 
 
 1909 
 
 2< 
 
 
 7,000 
 
 1,757 
 
 1,265 
 
 1910 
 
 2. 
 
 
 7,000 
 
 1,933 
 
 1,714 
 
 1911 
 
 2 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . p 
 
 . . 
 
 1912 
 
 2* 
 
 5,500 
 
 1,703 
 
 1,020 
 
 1913 
 
 2 
 
 5,500 
 
 1,532 
 
 1,524 
 
 1914 
 
 &i 
 
 5,500 
 
 1,343 
 
 1,849 
 
 1915 
 
 2i 
 
 5,800 
 
 1,241 
 
 1,752 
 
 1916 
 
 2* 
 
 5,800 
 
 692 
 
 1,255 
 
 6. Tasmania. 
 (A) Introductory. 
 
 1. General. Previous to the passing of the Local Government Act 1906, the 
 Colony of Tasmania was split up into Districts of different kinds, each controlled for a 
 specific purpose by a Board. These Districts were severally (a) Main Road, (6) Roads, 
 (c) Rabbits, (d) Fruit, (e) Public Recreation, (/) Health, (g) School, and (h) Works. There 
 were also Rural Municipalities and Town Boards, and the Cities of Hobart and 
 Launceston,.each with a separate governing body. By the Act of 1906 all the 
 separate Districts were abolished, as well as Rural Municipalities and Town Boards, and 
 the functions exercised by the various bodies were all brought under the provisions of 
 that Act, with the exception of those pertaining to the Cities of Hobart and Launceston. 
 
 Apart from the School Boards and Boards of Works, the members of which were 
 nominated by the Governor, all the Boards were elected by owners or occupiers of property 
 within their respective Districts. The Acts relating to each Board will, in the following 
 paragraphs, be treated separately, together with any available statistics. There 
 
116 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 are also several Acts relating to voting, assessments, valuation, &c., which are applicable 
 to one or more of these Boards, and to these Acts a separate paragraph will be devoted. 
 
 2. Expenditure by Government. In addition to subsidies granted by Government 
 to Boards, a large amount of road and bridge making is carried out directly by the 
 Government by means of moneys voted for the purpose by Parliament from time to time. 
 Particulars as to subsidies are given later (see page 149). 
 
 (B) Road Districts. 
 
 1. Roads Act 1840. This Act was intituled an Act for the making altering improving 
 and defining the Main and other Roads of this Island, and classified Roads under the 
 headings of Main, Cross, and Bye. 
 
 The Main Road from Hobart to Launceston was the only road which was classified 
 as a Main Road, and this was placed under the management of the Director-General of 
 Roads, and maintained at the sole expense of the Government. 
 
 Cross Roads were those advertised as Public Roads in the Hobart Town Gazette or those 
 which were afterwards sanctioned by the Commissioners, and which led from Township 
 to Township, or from a Township to the Main Road. 
 
 Bye Roads were those which led from a farm to the Main or a Cross Road, and which 
 had been proclaimed as above. 
 
 Cross and Bye Roads were placed under the management of District Commissioners, 
 and Districts were proclaimed. On receipt of a requisition from not less than ten qualified 
 inhabitants the Police Magistrate was required to call a meeting for the purpose of electing 
 Commissioners. In order to be qualified for the position of Commissioner, a candidate 
 must have been competent to sit as a special juror, while any inhabitant who was 
 possessed of real property of the annual value of at least 10, who had registered himself 
 within four days prior to the election, and who had paid his rates, could vote. The 
 number of Commissioners was fixed at five or seven ; they were elected annually, and 
 chose their own Chairman from amongst their number. The rate that could be levied 
 was fixed at sixpence in the pound on the annual value, but the Commissioners were 
 empowered to lower this, and a tenant could charge his landlord with half the amount of 
 the rates paid by him. Roads in Towns were not placed under the authority of these 
 Commissioners. 
 
 In 1843 an amendment was made altering the voting qualifications and defining a 
 voter as every person of full age, not subject to any legal incapacity, who was entitled in 
 fee or for life or as a lessee or assignee to any lands or tenements either freehold or under 
 other tenure of over the annual value of 10. 
 
 2. Hobart to Launceston Main Road Act 1847. As already stated, the control of this 
 road was retained by the Government, a.nd in 1847 the provisions of the Hoods Act were 
 repealed as far as it was concerned. The management was left in the hands of the 
 Director- General of Roads, who was empowered to erect toll gates and collect tolls. The 
 width of the road was fixed at 60 feet. In the following year the Lieutenant-Governor 
 was empowered to erect toll bars on roads leading into or adjacent to the Main Road in 
 order to obviate any evasion of the payment of tolls on the Main Road, and in 1850 the 
 farming of tolls was authorized. 
 
 The management of this Main Road remained in the hands of the Director-General of 
 Roads until 1880, when the Main Roods Act was passed. 
 
 3. Cross and Bye Roads Act 1847. This Act removed the control of Cross Roads 
 from District Commissioners and placed them under that of the Court of Quarter Sessions, 
 which could appoint a Surveyor. Assessments could be made not exceeding three 
 farthings per acre on all lands, and not exceeding twopence in the pound of the annual 
 rental on dwelling houses and messuages ; but land connected with the latter was 
 not to be rated unless it exceeded 10 acres in extent. A separate rate not exceeding one 
 farthing per acre was to be levied in order to defray the salary of the Surveyor. The 
 Court was empowered to set up tolls on Cross Roads. 
 
 4. Roads exempted from the Cross and Bye Roads Act. In 1848, 1849, and 1850 
 several roads were by special Acts expressly exempted from the Cross and Bye Roads 
 Act 1847. Under these Acts three, five, or seven householders could call meetings for 
 the election of three or five Trustees to be elected annually. In some Districts 
 provision was made for rates, in others for tolls, and in others for both. These special 
 Boards of Trustees were abolished when the Cross and Bye Roads Act 1860 was passed. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 117 
 
 5. Cross and Bye Roads Act 1851. This Act repealed the 1847 Act, and again made 
 provision for the management of roads by Local Authorities. The Lieutenant-Governor 
 was empowered to proclaim Road Districts, except in such parts as were already included 
 in the Acts mentioned in the preceding paragraph. In any such proclaimed Road 
 District, on the requisition of five land-owners and five householders, a meeting was to be 
 convened by the Police Magistrate, at which not less than three nor more than seven 
 Trustees were to be elected by a majority of land-owners and householders present. 
 Annual elections of Trustees were to be held. The assessments that could be made were 
 not to exceed one halfpenny per acre on pasture land, threepence per acre on cultivated 
 land, and sixpence in the pound on the annual rental for other property ; if the rates were 
 fixed at a lesser sum this proportion was to be retained. The assessment was fixed by 
 the votes of land-owners and householders, and unoccupied Crown lands were not assessed 
 at more than one-half the ordinary rate. After assessments were made, plural voting 
 was arranged for ; a person whose assessment did not exceed three shillings and ninepence 
 had one vote, if his assessment was three shillings and ninepence but did not exceed 
 seven shillings and sixpence he had two votes, if seven shillings and sixpence and under 
 fifteen shillings three votes, if fifteen shillings and under thirty shillings four votes, and 
 if over thirty shillings five votes. Trustees were empowered to erect toll bars. 
 
 In 1853 the maximum amount of rates was doubled. 
 
 An amendment to the Act in 1857 altered the number of persons who could convene 
 a meeting to ten landholders, or five landholders and five householders. It was also 
 stipulated that a new rate could not be assessed until the previous one had been expended. 
 
 In 1858 the scale of votes for landholders and householders was altered, and a person 
 whose annual valuation was 15 and under 50 had one vote, an additional vote being 
 granted for every additional 50 in value up to 450, for which ten votes were allowed. 
 Rates were to be levied on the valuation roll, and were not to exceed one shilling in the 
 pound, occupiers of Crown land on lease or licence to pay half rates and Crown land 
 held by the Crown to be exempt. It was also stipulated that no toll gate was to be 
 erected within one mile of a City or Town. 
 
 6. Cross and Bye Roads Act 1860. This Act consolidated and amended the previous 
 Acts. The main provisions as to proclamation of Road Districts, election of Trustees, 
 voting power of electors, and rating power remained unchanged. The definition of a 
 Cross Road was slightly altered to read (a) any road from one Town to another, (6) any 
 road from a Town or public bridge to a Main Road, (c) any road from a Town to a 
 navigable river or the seashore, (d) any road proclaimed by the Governor, and (e) streets 
 within a Town. Trustees were empowered to Jet tolls for periods not exceeding twelve 
 months, to borrow on the security of tolls or of a special rate or both, if sanctioned by 
 landholders, and to lay out Bye Roads. 
 
 In 1865 fresh provisions were made for the retirement of Trustees. If, previous to 
 the passing of the Amendment Act of 1865, any roads were under the control of a 
 Municipality, then such Municipality was to be deemed a Road District. All powers under 
 the Cross and Bye Roads Act 1860, in relation to Bye Roads, where no Road Districts 
 existed, were to be exercised by such persons or Boards as the Governor might appoint. 
 
 Arrangements were made by an amendment of the Act in 1867 for the election of 
 two Auditors at the same time as the annual election of Trustees. It was also provided 
 that where any Town within any Rural Municipality, which was not a Road District, 
 was also within a Road District, the Trustees thereof might expend such part as they 
 saw fit of the road rate towards the repair of the streets within the Town. Trustees 
 could also apply a portion of the road rates towards the repair of a bye road or ferry if 
 such action would be of public advantage. 
 
 7. Cross and Bye Roads Act 1870. In 1870 this Act was again consolidated and 
 amended, the main alteration being in the definition of an elector and in the number of 
 votes allowed to an elector. The minimum annual value qualifying an elector was 
 fixed at 5 for a landholder, and 10 for an occupier, and a person whose annual 
 valuation was 5 or 10, as the case may be, and under 40, had one vote, an additional 
 vote being allowed for each additional 40 of value, with a maximum number of ten 
 votes when the annual value was 360 or over. 
 
 8. Main Roads Act 1880. Under this Act certain roads were specified by schedule 
 to be Main Roads. These roads were withdrawn from the control of the Trustees of 
 the Road Districts in which they were situated and were handed over to the Minister of 
 Lands and Works, who was appointed Commissioner of Main Roads. Main roads were 
 grouped into Districts, but where a main road was in a Rural Municipality or Road 
 
118 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 District, such Rural Municipality or Road District was to be the Main Road District, 
 and the Board of the Rural Municipality, or of the Road District, as the case might be, 
 was to be the Board of Main Roads. 
 
 The maintenance of all Main Roads and the Bridges thereon was defrayed by moneys 
 provided annually by Parliament, and the control thereof was vested in the Boards of 
 the Districts in which they were situated. A schedule of Main Roads was passed annually 
 by Parliament, together with the rates per mile at which they were to be maintained, 
 and when a main road was no longer scheduled as such, it automatically became a Cross 
 Hoad. Other Main Roads not within the Districts of a Road Board or Rural Muni- 
 cipality, and the Hobart to Launceston Main Road, were vested in the Commissioner 
 of Main Roads, together with the South Esk Bridge and Sorell Causeway. 
 
 9. Branch Roads Construction Act 1881. Under this Act the Minister of Lands and 
 Works could cause Branch Roads and Bridges, as scheduled from time to time, to be 
 constructed or improved at Government expense. This Act, though passed for a 
 temporary purpose, is mentioned because it has been made applicable by the annual 
 Public Works Acts to the construction of certain Branch Roads and Bridges mentioned 
 in the schedules to those Acts. 
 
 10. Roads Maintenance Act 1881. Under this Act, whenever Parliament had 
 authorized the Minister of Lands and Works to construct or repair any road, culvert, 
 or drain within a Road District and the Governor had proclaimed that such work had 
 been carried out, the Trustees of such District were to keep it in repair out of moneys 
 placed at their disposal. If the moneys were insufficient, the Colonial Treasurer could 
 levy a rate not exceeding one shilling in the pound for such purpose. A road under 
 this Act meant any road which was not a Main Road under the Main Roads Act 1880. 
 
 When this Act came into force no further tolls could be taken at any toll-gate or 
 side-bar, except where such toll had been let for a term, and then only until the expiry 
 of that term. 
 
 11. Roads Act 1884. Under this Act, the Cross and Bye Roads Act 1870, and the 
 Main Roads Act 1880 with its amendments were repealed. 
 
 (i) General. The Governor could declare any portion of Tasmania to be a Road District, 
 could define the boundaries or alter them, and could abolish a Road District. When 
 such a District was proclaimed, a meeting of landholders, convened by not less than seven 
 landholders, was to be held, at which either five or seven landholders were by open 
 voting to be elected Trustees of the District. At this meeting each landholder had the 
 number of votes proportioned to the annual value of his property as specified in the 
 Rural Voting Act 1884 (see page 149). Every year two Trustees out of five or three 
 out of seven retired in rotation. 
 
 The Trustees had the care and management of all Cross Roads within the District, 
 and were obliged, with the consent of the Council of any Rural Municipality, to expend 
 not less than one-third of any road rate collected within any town in the repair of the 
 streets and footpaths in such Town. The Trustees could levy a road rate of not more 
 than one shilling in the pound upon the annual value of the property within the District. 
 Occupiers of Crown land under lease or licence paid only one-half the rate. The 
 following property was exempt from road rates ; (a) property belonging to or occupied 
 by Government ; (6) property hired or used by Government or by any Municipal 
 Council ; (c) hospitals, benevolent asylums, or buildings used for charitable purposes ; 
 (d) churches or chapels ; (e) public schools established by the Board of Education, and 
 teachers' residences connected therewith ; and (/) public libraries or museums. 
 
 (ii) Roads. Roads were divided into three classes, Main, Cross, and Bye. 
 
 (a) Main Roads. All main roads existing at the time of the passing of the Act, 
 together with such roads as Parliament might from time to time determine, notwith- 
 standing that portions might be within the boundaries of certain Road Districts, were 
 classed as " Main Roads." 
 
 The Minister of Lands and Works, as Commissioner of Main Roads, could exercise all 
 the powers and duties of a District Board with respect to (i) the main Hobart to Launceston 
 Road ; (ii) the Bridge water and South Esk Bridges ; and (iii) all Main Roads not being 
 situated in any Main Road District. 
 
 Where any Main Road or portion thereof was situate in or passed through any Rural 
 Municipality or Road District, such Municipality or Road District became a Main Road 
 District, and the Municipal Council or Road Trustees became the Main Road District 
 Board for such District. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 119 
 
 All Main Roads, except that from Hobart to Launceston, and all Bridges except the 
 Bridgewater and South Esk Bridges, were placed under the care and control of the Main 
 Road Districts in which they were situated, to be maintained by each District at an 
 annual average cost per mile not exceeding the amount provided by Parliament from 
 time to time. 
 
 (6) Cross Roads. The definition of a Cross Road was the same as that given in the 
 Cross and Bye, Roods Act 1860, except that streets within a Town in any Rural 
 Municipality did not come any longer under the category of Cross Roads. 
 
 (c) Bye Roads. Upon the written application of any land-holder to the Trustees for 
 the definition of a Bye Road for the benefit of such land-holder, the Trustees were to 
 direct a Surveyor to define and lay out such Bye Road. The Trustees could take land 
 for such road on paying compensation, and could construct and maintain it. Bye Roads 
 had, if required, to be fenced at the expense of the adjoining owners. 
 
 (iii) Miscellaneous Provisions. Where before the passing of this Act public roads 
 had been placed under the control of a Municipality, the Municipality was deemed to be 
 a Road District, but on petition of a majority of the electors the Governor could divest 
 it of the control of such roads. 
 
 The provisions of the Audit Act extended to the accounts of Road Boards, which had 
 to be forwarded to the Auditor-General annually for audit. 
 
 (iv) Amendments. In 1885 voting by ballot was substituted for open voting. The 
 Trustees could, with the consent of the Governor, grant authority to any person or 
 company to lay down tramways on roads. The control and management of jetties was 
 vested in the Trustees, who could repair them with moneys from the road fund, and 
 levy wharfage rates. 
 
 In 1894 Trustees were authorised to contribute out of the Road Fund towards the 
 repair and maintenance of Main Roads within their Districts. 
 
 An amendment passed in 1900 provided for the eradication of briars, bramble, gorse, 
 or Californian thistle, and empowered a road authority to require owners to eradicate 
 such weeds from roads adjacent to their property, or, on their failing to do so, could 
 eradicate at their expense. The erection of rabbit-proof fences and of gates on Cross 
 and Bye Roads was also authorized. 
 
 The maximum amount of road rate which could be levied annually was raised in 
 1903 to one shilling and threepence per pound of annual value, and the Government was 
 empowered to subsidize any Road Trust, which levied a rate over one shilling, by a sum 
 equal to the amount of money collected by such rate over and above that which 
 would have been collected if such rate had been one shilling. 
 
 An amendment passed in 1907 provided that where a Road District was abolished 
 the maintenance of the roads therein devolved upon the Municipality in which they 
 were situated. 
 
 12. Main Roads Maintenance Act 1918. The Roads Act 1884, with its amendments, 
 was to a great extent repealed by the Local Government Act 1906, but the part referring to 
 Main Roads was not repealed. In 1918 the Main Roads Maintenance Act was passed 
 and incorporated with the Roads Act 1884. 
 
 (i) Main Roads. The definition of a Main Road includes (a) any main road under the 
 provisions of the Act, (b) every bridge the original cost of which is not over 50, (c) all 
 fences erected in dangerous places at the cost of the State, and (d) all culverts. Main 
 Roads are proclaimed by the Governor. 
 
 (ii) Main Roads Advisory Board. A Board known as the Main Roads Advisory Board 
 is appointed, consisting of seven members, of whom three, called municipal members, are 
 appointed on the nomination of the Municipal Association of Tasmania ; two, called 
 motorist members, appointed by the Governor ; and two, called Government members, 
 also appointed by the Governor. 
 
 (iii) Revenue of the Board. The annual revenue of the Board consists of the sum of 
 5,000 from the Consolidated Revenue, and of*a sum equal to the total amount of motor 
 taxes collected and paid into the Treasury, less 5 per centum. 
 
 (iv) Functions of the Board. The functions of the Board are (a) to carry out investi- 
 gations to ascertain what roads should be proclaimed main roads, (b) to make out a list 
 of proposed main roads, and (c) to recommend the proclamation of such main roads. 
 
120 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 (v) Maintenance of Main Roads. The Board determines the maintenance works to 
 be carried out, the allocation of the moneys at their disposal between the Municipal 
 Councils interested, and the contribution to be paid by each such Council. Each Council 
 is to keep the main roads within its boundaries in repair so far as the moneys allocated to 
 it, together with the amount of contribution payable by it, enables it to do. 
 
 13. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following tables are given (a) the number of 
 Road Trusts for the years 1854 to 1907, the length of roads maintained by them for the 
 years 1867 to 1907, the annual value from 1882 to 1907, the outstanding loans from 1892 
 to 1907, and the number of properties liable to assessment from 1903 to 1907 ; 
 (6) the revenue and expenditure by Road Trusts from 1854 to 1907 ; and (c) the length 
 of roads maintained by Main Road Boards and the expenditure thereon for the years 
 1882 to 1907. 
 
 TASMANIA. ROAD TRUSTS, NUMBER, LENGTH OF ROADS, ANNUAL VALUE, 
 OUTSTANDING LOANS, AND NUMBER OF PROPERTIES LIABLE TO ASSESS- 
 MENT, 1867 TO 1907. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Number of 
 Trusts. 
 
 Length of 
 Roads. 
 
 Annual Value. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 Number of 
 Properties 
 liable to 
 Assessment. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 1867 .. 
 
 47 
 
 2,285 
 
 
 
 
 1868 .. 
 
 51 
 
 2,475 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1869 .. 
 
 53 
 
 2,739 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1870 .. 
 
 53 
 
 2,769 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 55 
 
 2,915 
 
 
 
 
 1872 .. 
 
 63 
 
 2,913 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 1873 .. 
 
 61 
 
 3,038 
 
 
 
 
 1874 .. 
 
 63 
 
 3,076 
 
 
 
 
 1875 .. 
 
 67 
 
 3,481 
 
 
 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 68 
 
 3,626 
 
 
 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 69 
 
 3,760 
 
 
 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 69 
 
 3,857 
 
 
 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 70 
 
 4,079 
 
 
 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 73 
 
 3,608 
 
 
 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 76 
 
 3,608 
 
 
 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 76 
 
 3,834 
 
 446,001 
 
 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 85 
 
 3,879 
 
 481,785 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 86 
 
 4,167 
 
 518,627 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 90 
 
 4,078 
 
 528,807 
 
 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 91 
 
 4,348 
 
 550,709 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 93 
 
 4,513 
 
 581,026 
 
 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 96 
 
 4,573 
 
 585,794 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 97 
 
 4,978 
 
 614,366 
 
 . . 
 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 100 
 
 5,084 
 
 614,366 
 
 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 100 
 
 5,139 
 
 645,787 
 
 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 93 
 
 5,241 
 
 590,039 
 
 800 
 
 . . 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 94 
 
 5,358 
 
 595,311 
 
 800 
 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 97 
 
 5,658 
 
 586,052 
 
 1,200 
 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 98 
 
 5,400 
 
 574,069 
 
 1,200 
 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 98 
 
 5,687 
 
 580,901 
 
 1,200 
 
 . . 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 100 
 
 5,562 
 
 471,906 
 
 1,200 
 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 100 
 
 5,760 
 
 570,522 
 
 ,200 
 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 101 
 
 5,840 
 
 557,583 
 
 ,200 
 
 . 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 102 
 
 6,368 
 
 593,293 
 
 ,200 
 
 . . 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 102 
 
 6,539 
 
 612,115 
 
 ,200 
 
 . . 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 102 
 
 6,762 
 
 603,122 
 
 ,200 
 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 105 
 
 6,855 
 
 636,161 
 
 ,200 
 
 27,096 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 104 
 
 7,045 
 
 660,783 
 
 ,200 
 
 28,684 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 104 
 
 7,124 
 
 672,577 
 
 ,200 
 
 30,912 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 105 
 
 7,34*2 
 
 699,774 
 
 ,200 
 
 32,916 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 105 
 
 7,590 
 
 732,155 
 
 1,200 
 
 34,659 
 
 NOTE. Prior to 1867 the numbers of Road Trusts in each year were 1854, 16 ; 1855, 21 . 1856, 19 ; 
 1857, 27 ; 1858, 25 ; 1859, 29 ; 1860, 28 ; 1861, 28 ; 1862, 32 ; 1863, 35 ; 1864, 37 ; 1865, 39 ; and 
 1866, 46. The financial year of Road Trusts terminated at the end of February in the year subsequent 
 to that given above. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 121 
 
 TASMANIA. ROAD TRUSTS, REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1854 TO 1907. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1854 .. 
 
 
 
 
 21,698 
 
 
 
 
 16,131 
 
 1855 .. 
 
 
 
 
 12,522 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 12,489 
 
 1856 .. 
 
 
 
 
 20,623 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 19,626 
 
 1857 .. 
 
 
 
 
 27,573 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 25,931 
 
 1858 .. 
 
 
 
 
 12,289 
 
 
 
 
 11,773 
 
 1859 .. 
 
 
 
 
 13,746 
 
 
 
 
 11,388 
 
 1860 .. 
 
 10,536 
 
 873 
 
 
 11,409 
 
 
 
 
 14,911 
 
 1861 .. 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 20,698 
 
 
 
 
 17,926 
 
 1862 .. 
 
 14,000 
 
 8,340 
 
 isi 
 
 22,521 
 
 
 
 
 20,559 
 
 1863 .. 
 
 11,242 
 
 1,297 
 
 67 
 
 12,606 
 
 
 
 
 15,264 
 
 1864 .. 
 
 13,194 
 
 3,824 
 
 3,213 
 
 20,231 
 
 
 
 
 19,635 
 
 1865 .. 
 
 14,336 
 
 6,270 
 
 218 
 
 20,824 
 
 
 
 
 19,689 
 
 1866 .. 
 
 14,031 
 
 1,973 
 
 . . 
 
 16,004 
 
 ,001 
 
 18,400 
 
 1,336 
 
 20,737 
 
 1867 .. 
 
 14,276 
 
 5,631 
 
 
 19,907 
 
 ,015 
 
 16,270 
 
 331 
 
 17,616 
 
 1868 .. 
 
 13,127 
 
 5,868 
 
 . . 
 
 18,995, 
 
 ,036 
 
 17,078 
 
 1,312 
 
 19,426 
 
 1869 .. 
 
 12,243 
 
 5,142 
 
 . . 
 
 17,385 
 
 ,033 
 
 15,150 
 
 1.063 
 
 17,246 
 
 1870 .. 
 
 12,545 
 
 5,388 
 
 . . 
 
 17,933 
 
 ,175 
 
 15,324 
 
 816 
 
 17,315 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 13,568 
 
 6,282 
 
 
 19,850 
 
 ,159 
 
 15,333 
 
 1,730 
 
 18,222 
 
 1872 .. 
 
 12,267 
 
 2,406 
 
 . . 
 
 14,673 
 
 ,001 
 
 17,618 
 
 978 
 
 19,597 
 
 1873 .. 
 
 14,346 
 
 6,993 
 
 
 21,339 
 
 1,073 
 
 13,833 
 
 2,470 
 
 17,376 
 
 1874 .. 
 
 16,799 
 
 5,671 
 
 
 22,470 
 
 1,031 
 
 19,212 
 
 2,750 
 
 22,993 
 
 1875 .. 
 
 14,557 
 
 11,005 
 
 2,573 
 
 28,135 
 
 1,250 
 
 22,628 
 
 2,980 
 
 26,858 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 15,132 
 
 9,622 
 
 1,074 
 
 25,828 
 
 1,175 
 
 25,863 
 
 2,612 
 
 29,650 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 15,961 
 
 10,389 
 
 695 
 
 27,045 
 
 1,482 
 
 23,454 
 
 1,266 
 
 26,202 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 16,194 
 
 12,192 
 
 2,148 
 
 30,534 
 
 1,411 
 
 24,455 
 
 2,719 
 
 28,585 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 14,321 
 
 13,140 
 
 2,026 
 
 29,487 
 
 1,321 
 
 22,764 
 
 4,242 
 
 28,327 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 10,151 
 
 9,558 
 
 1,906 
 
 21,615 
 
 1,219 
 
 18,981 
 
 1,573 
 
 21,773 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 9,454 
 
 7,337 
 
 755 
 
 17,546 
 
 1,198 
 
 16,096 
 
 326 
 
 17,620 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 11,139 
 
 6,885 
 
 839 
 
 18,863 
 
 1,495 
 
 13,660 
 
 1,118 
 
 16,273 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 14,875 
 
 8,748 
 
 476 
 
 24,099 
 
 1,698 
 
 19,919 
 
 1,189 
 
 22,806 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 13,830 
 
 13,308 
 
 504 
 
 27,642 
 
 1,993 
 
 27,563 
 
 1,357 
 
 30,913 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 16,455 
 
 11,570 
 
 882 
 
 28,907 
 
 2,004 
 
 26,232 
 
 1,014 
 
 29,250 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 15,245 
 
 15,422 
 
 641 
 
 31,308 
 
 2,435 
 
 28,037 
 
 1,117 
 
 31,589 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 20,323 
 
 13,808 
 
 696 
 
 34,827 
 
 2,706 
 
 28,315 
 
 974 
 
 31,995 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 13,994 
 
 19,914 
 
 648 
 
 34,556 
 
 2,581 
 
 27,690 
 
 1,334 
 
 31,605 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 15,998 
 
 13,318 
 
 400 
 
 29,716 
 
 2,804 
 
 26,114 
 
 1,294 
 
 30,212 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 18,402 
 
 11,539 
 
 512 
 
 30,453 
 
 2,852 
 
 29,196 
 
 921 
 
 32,969 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 19,205 
 
 12,202 
 
 1,517 
 
 32,924 
 
 3,156 
 
 28,695 
 
 1,115 
 
 32,966 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 14,891 
 
 11,942 
 
 541 
 
 27,374 
 
 2,804 
 
 22,443 
 
 1,538 
 
 26,785 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 16,685 
 
 8,004 
 
 525 
 
 25,214 
 
 2,655 
 
 20,646 
 
 1,851 
 
 25,152 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 13,803 
 
 4,552 
 
 585 
 
 18,940 
 
 2,588 
 
 16,532 
 
 1,124 
 
 20,244 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 14,712 
 
 3,135 
 
 122 
 
 17,969- 
 
 2,381 
 
 15,968 
 
 911 
 
 19,260 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 16,639 
 
 3,270 
 
 193 
 
 20,102 
 
 2,455 
 
 16,042 
 
 917 
 
 19,414 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 16,317 
 
 3,176 
 
 207 
 
 19,700 
 
 2,451 
 
 15,576 
 
 974 
 
 19,001 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 16,749 
 
 5,045 
 
 362 
 
 22,156 
 
 2,493 
 
 18,422 
 
 1,214 
 
 22,129 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 17,207 
 
 4,524 
 
 247 
 
 21,978 
 
 2,488 
 
 19,559 
 
 978 
 
 23,025 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 19,609 
 
 5,097 
 
 709 
 
 25,415 
 
 2,673 
 
 20,853 
 
 1,136 
 
 24,662 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 21,096 
 
 7,324 
 
 467 
 
 28,887 
 
 2,879 
 
 22,380 
 
 1,005 
 
 26,264 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 21,882 
 
 7,150 
 
 912 
 
 29,944 
 
 2,824 
 
 23,592 
 
 1,163 
 
 27,579 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 24,577 
 
 235 
 
 547 
 
 25,359 
 
 3,158 
 
 26,326 
 
 884 
 
 30,368 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 28,017 
 
 756 
 
 865 
 
 29,638 
 
 3,203 
 
 25,310 
 
 946 
 
 29,459 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 27,722 
 
 1,401 
 
 942 
 
 30,065 
 
 3,452 
 
 24,291 
 
 823 
 
 28,566 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 29,017 
 
 1,551 
 
 1,457 
 
 32,025 
 
 3,594 
 
 27,324 
 
 953 
 
 31,871 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 26,392 
 
 6,573 
 
 1,647 
 
 34,612 
 
 3,633 
 
 29,385 
 
 1,135 
 
 34,153 
 
 NOTE. Prior to 1863. the figures arc incomplete. The following are the numbers of Trusts for which 
 particulars are available in each of those years : 1854,16; 1855, lo ; 1856, 16; 1857,20; 1858,15; 
 1859, 19 ; 1860,26 ; 1861, 21 ; and 1862,' 20. The financial year of Road Trusts terminated at the end 
 of February in the year subsequent to that given. 
 
122 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 TASMANIA. MAIN ROAD BOARDS. MILEAGE MAINTAINED AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1882 TO 1907. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Mileage 
 Maintained. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Mileage 
 Maintained. 
 
 Expenditure . 
 
 
 Miles. 
 
 
 
 
 Miles. 
 
 
 
 1882 
 
 704 
 
 11,297 
 
 1895 
 
 488 
 
 3,558 
 
 1883 
 
 697 
 
 16,414 
 
 1896 
 
 517 
 
 3,211 
 
 1884 
 
 698 
 
 18,158 
 
 1897 
 
 532 
 
 2,997 
 
 1885 
 
 727 
 
 19,857 
 
 1898 
 
 557 
 
 5,068 
 
 1886 
 
 728 
 
 19,838 
 
 1899 . . . 
 
 557 
 
 5,028 
 
 1887 
 
 725 
 
 18,036 
 
 1900 
 
 586 
 
 5,876 
 
 1888 
 
 749 
 
 19,171 
 
 1901 
 
 697 
 
 7,591 
 
 1889 
 
 645 
 
 11,773 
 
 1902 
 
 765 
 
 7,661 
 
 1890 
 
 575 
 
 10,371 
 
 1903 
 
 651 
 
 8,805 
 
 1891 
 
 539 
 
 9,480 
 
 1904 
 
 650 
 
 6,954 
 
 1892 
 
 540 
 
 9,366 
 
 1905 
 
 678 
 
 7,028 
 
 1893 
 
 526 
 
 9,801 
 
 1906 
 
 678 
 
 8,025 
 
 1894 
 
 512 
 
 6,651 
 
 1907 
 
 679 
 
 3,209 
 
 (c) Rural Municipalities. 
 
 1. Rural Municipalities Act 1858. Any Town or any Electoral, Police, or Road District 
 could, under this Act, be constituted a Rural Municipality and proclaimed as such by the 
 Governor on the petition of at least 50 persons who were proprietors or occupiers in any 
 such Town or District of property of the annual value of not less than 20. Adjoining 
 areas might be united with a Rural Municipality on the receipt by the Governor of a 
 similar petition. 
 
 The management of a Rural Municipality was entrusted to a Council of six members, 
 who elected one of their number to be Warden ; these Councillors were elected by all 
 male persons in the Municipality who were proprietors or occupiers of property of the 
 annual value of 15, provided that, if they were aliens, they held letters of denization. 
 Each elector was entitled to one vote if the annual value of his property was not less than 
 15 and less than 50, with an additional vote for every additional 50 of value up to 
 450, when a maximum of ten votes was allowed. In order to qualify as a Councillor, 
 an elector was required to be the owner or occupier of property of the annual value of 
 50. Councillors were elected annually, two retiring each year, and at the election for 
 Councillors, two Auditors, who were not Councillors, were also elected. No Judge, 
 Chairman of any Court of Justice, Minister of Religion, person holding an office or place 
 of profit under the Council or engaged in any contract therewith, or Officer on full pay 
 in the Naval or Military Forces was eligible for election as Councillor. 
 
 The functions of the Council consisted in (a) the care and management of public roads 
 and streets : (b) the control of the police within the Municipality ; (c) water supply ; 
 (d) licensing butchers; (e) registration of dogs; and (/) the administration of the 
 Common Lodging House and Impounding Acts. 
 
 The funds were derived from (a) rates under the Rural Police Rate Act, and (b) rates 
 not exceeding one shilling and sixpence in the pound on the annual value of property, 
 exclusive of the police rate. One moiety of all penalties was to be devoted to the Police 
 Fund and the other moiety to the Police Reward and Superannuation Fund. 
 
 A Municipality could also borrow money and levy a special loan rate, but only when 
 such loan was sanctioned by the ratepayers. 
 
 In 1859, by an amendment of the Act, the 50 qualification for Councillors was repealed. 
 The Government subsidized the Municipalities, and a schedule of the rates of such subsidies 
 was specified. The provisions preventing the Chairman of a Court of Justice and Officers 
 of the Army or Navy from election as Councillors were repealed. It was also laid down 
 t hat a Rural Municipality was not to exercise the provisions applying to roads until such 
 Municipality had been declared a Road District. The Warden was also appointed 
 ex officio Coroner. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 123 
 
 In 1861, under an Amending Act, the control and management of the oyster beds 
 and fisheries situated upon or adjacent to the shores of a Municipality were vested in the 
 Municipal Council. 
 
 Further provision was made in respect of Rural Municipalities in 1862. Every 
 proclaimed Rural Municipality was declared a District for the holding of a Court of General 
 and Quarter Sessions, the Council Clerk being the Deputy Clerk of such Sessions. The 
 fees incidental to the Court of Requests were to form part of the Municipal Fund, and the 
 Coroner's fees were to be paid out of the same fund. A fresh schedule of grants from 
 Government to Rural Municipalities was issued, to be in force for three years. 
 
 2. Rural Municipalities Act 1865. This Act, which repealed the previous Act and 
 amendments, provided for the division of the Colon}', with the exception of Tasman's 
 Peninsula (afterwards in 1880 created the Municipal District of Carnarvon), and of so 
 much as was contained within the boundaries of the City of Hobart Town and the Town of 
 Launceston, into 30 Municipal Districts, the boundaries of which were scheduled. 
 
 Seventeen scheduled Municipal Districts, which had already been constituted, were 
 declared to be Municipalities under this Act, and their Councils continued. Although 
 the Colony was divided into 30 districts, the maximum number of Councils never 
 exceeded nineteen. 
 
 On petition signed by not less than 50 persons who were owners or occupiers of property 
 of the annual value of 20 or over in any District not already declared a Municipality, the 
 Governor could declare such District to be a Municipality. 
 
 Every Municipality was deemed to be a Police District, and the Council Clerk was to 
 be the Clerk of Petty Sessions. 
 
 An elector was defined as any male of the age of 21 or upwards whose name was on the 
 assessment roll as the owner of property of the annual value of 10, or occupier of the 
 annual value of 15 ; provided that, if an alien, he had letters of denization. 
 
 One vote was allotted to each elector, if he were both an owner and occupier of 
 property of the annual value of 10 and under 50, and if he were only occupier, 15 and 
 under 50. An additional vote, in either case, was allowed for each additional 50 of 
 annual value, up to a maximum of ten votes where the annual value was 450 or over. 
 
 The Municipal Council consisted of seven Councillors, one of whom was Warden, 
 elected annually by the Councillors from among themselves. Two Councillors retired 
 at the end of the first year, two at the end of the second year, and three at the end of 
 the third year, in rotation. In order to be qualified as a Councillor a person was required 
 to be a municipal elector, and to be resident in, or to have a place of business in, the 
 Municipality. The classes of persons incapable of acting as Councillors were the same 
 as under the previous Act. 
 
 Two Auditors, who must not be Councillors, were elected annually by the electors. 
 
 When a Municipal Council was elected, the power vested in the Governor under the 
 Rural Police Rate Act ceased and was transferred to the Council. 
 
 In addition to the appointment and control of the Rural Police within the Muni- 
 cipality under the Police Regulation Act 1865, and the adoption of means for securing a 
 supply of water, a Municipal Council could make by-laws for, inter alia, (a) the establish- 
 ment and regulation of slaughter houses ; (6) preventing the sale of unwholesome meat ; 
 (c) the prevention and extinction of fires ; (d) the establishment and regulation of 
 markets, hospitals, asylums, public libraries, gardens, and places of recreation ; (e) the 
 licensing of public carriers and vehicles ; and (/) the erection and repairing of bridges. 
 
 A Municipal Council was obliged to make an annual assessment of the annual value 
 of the property within the Municipality, and could appoint valuators. 
 
 An annual rate could be struck, but it must not exceed one shilling and sixpence in 
 the pound of annual value, exclusive of the police rate and the road rate. Loans could 
 be contracted on mortgage for a period of not longer than 25 years, but such loans, 
 together with any special loan rate, must have been sanctioned by the ratepayers at a 
 meeting held for the purpose. 
 
 An annual grant was given by Government to Municipalities. 
 
 3. Amendments to the 1865 Act. The following are among the more important 
 amendments made to this Act : (i) 1869. The number of votes to which an elector was 
 entitled was altered to correspond with those allotted under the Cross and Bye Roads Act, 
 one vote being now allowed to each owner whose annual valuation was 5 and under 40, 
 or each occupier whose annual valuation was 10 and under 40, with an additional vote 
 
124 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 for each additional 40, up to a maximum of ten votes for over 360. (ii) 1870. The 
 Governor was authorized to appoint an Auditor of Municipal Accounts, whose duties 
 were to audit such accounts ; this clause was, however, repealed by the Audit Act (No. 2) 
 1875, when the auditing of municipal accounts was transferred to the Auditor- General. 
 An alien might hold a certificate of naturalization instead of letters of denization. (iii) 
 1880. The Governor could only alter or re-define the boundaries of a Municipal District 
 or create a new Municipal District upon petition signed by a majority in numbers of 
 the owners or occupiers of property of the assessed annual value of not less than 20. 
 (iv) 1884. Both males and females were entitled to be electors, and the scale of voting 
 was altered to that given in the Rural Voting Act 1884 (see page 149). A Municipal 
 Councillor might be Treasurer, and receive salary as such. The levying of separate 
 local rates was authorized, but any such rate must not exceed one shilling in the pound, 
 and if a requisition signed by five or .more electors were made, an electors' meeting 
 must be held to decide on the question as to whether such a rate should be levied, 
 (v) 1888. Municipal Councils were empowered to sell lands which were granted to 
 them, and to purchase other lands for municipal purposes, the proceeds of sale to be 
 held by the Colonial Treasurer pending the purchase of new lands. 
 
 4. Repeal of Rural Municipalities Act. Under the Local Government Act 1906, every 
 Rural Municipality was abolished, and the Rural Municipalities Act 1865, together with 
 the amendments thereto, was repealed so far as it was . inconsistent with the Local 
 Government Act 1906. 
 
 5. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following particulars regarding Rural Muni- 
 cipalities are given herewith : (a) their number from 1860 to 1907, their area and 
 annual value from 1866 to 1907, their outstanding loans from 1875 to 1907, and the 
 number of properties rated from 1885 to 1907 ; (6) their revenue and expenditure from 
 1860 to 1907; and (c) the Police Rates and details of expenditure on Municipal Police 
 from 1866 to 1907. 
 
 TASMANIA. RURAL MUNICIPALITIES. AREA, NUMBER OF PROPERTIES RATED, 
 ANNUAL VALUE, AND OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1866 TO 1907. 
 
 Year ending 
 31 st December. 
 
 Number of 
 Municipalities. 
 
 Area. 
 
 Number of 
 Properties 
 rated. 
 
 Annual Value. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1866 
 
 19 
 
 8,048,027 
 
 . 
 
 397,029 
 
 
 1867 
 
 19 
 
 8,048,027 
 
 . . 
 
 390,956 
 
 
 1868 
 
 19 
 
 8,062,027 
 
 
 400,532 
 
 
 1869 
 
 19 
 
 7,973,127 
 
 . . 
 
 354,449 
 
 
 1870 
 
 19 
 
 8,404,686 
 
 
 357,714 
 
 
 1871 
 
 19 
 
 8,001,129 
 
 
 361,187 
 
 
 1872 
 
 19 
 
 8,001,127 
 
 . . 
 
 308,846 
 
 
 1873 
 
 19 
 
 8,002,168 
 
 '. . 
 
 340,480 
 
 
 1874 
 
 19 
 
 8,001,127 
 
 
 341,127 
 
 
 1875 
 
 19 
 
 8,001,927 
 
 
 344,140 
 
 600 
 
 1876 
 
 19 
 
 8,001,927 
 
 
 356,058 
 
 1,500 
 
 1877 
 
 19 
 
 7,501,927 
 
 . . 
 
 340,688 
 
 1,500 
 
 1878 
 
 19 
 
 7,501,927 
 
 
 356,039 
 
 3,300 
 
 1879 
 
 19 
 
 7,501,927 
 
 
 368,568 
 
 3,300 
 
 1880 
 
 19 
 
 7,501,927 
 
 
 373,312 
 
 4,200 
 
 1881 
 
 19 
 
 7,551,500 
 
 
 373,576 
 
 3,600 
 
 1882 
 
 19 
 
 7,551,500 
 
 
 375,199 
 
 6,500 
 
 1883 
 
 19 
 
 ' 6,097,745 
 
 
 385,100 
 
 5,200 
 
 1884 
 
 19 
 
 6,097,745 
 
 
 389,313 
 
 6,160 
 
 1885 
 
 19 
 
 6,097,745 
 
 9,689 
 
 391,885 
 
 5,170 
 
 1886 
 
 19 
 
 6,097,745 
 
 10,146 
 
 381,235 
 
 5,170 
 
 1887 
 
 19 
 
 6,097,745 
 
 10,294 
 
 383,257 
 
 4,703 
 
 1888 
 
 19 
 
 6,097,745 
 
 10,438 
 
 382,719 
 
 4,453 
 
 1889 
 
 19 
 
 6,097,745 
 
 10,576 
 
 387,342 
 
 4,509 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 125 
 
 TASMANIA. RURAL MUNICIPALITIES. AREA, NUMBER OF PROPERTIES 
 RATED, ANNUAL VALUE, ETC., 1866 TO 1907 continued. 
 
 Year ending 
 31st December. 
 
 Number of 
 Municipalities. 
 
 Area. 
 
 Number of 
 Properties 
 rated. 
 
 Annual Value. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1890 
 
 19 
 
 6,097,745 
 
 10,578 
 
 424,396 
 
 4,317 
 
 1891 
 
 19 
 
 6,097;745 
 
 10,737 
 
 398,577 
 
 4,000 
 
 1892 
 
 19 
 
 6,097,745 
 
 11,184 
 
 398,330 
 
 3,500 
 
 1893 
 
 19 
 
 6,097,745 
 
 10,990 
 
 393,083 
 
 3,400 
 
 1894 
 
 19 
 
 6,097,745 
 
 11,063 
 
 377,322 
 
 3,400 
 
 1895 
 
 19 
 
 6,097,745 
 
 11,385 
 
 375,299 
 
 3,100 
 
 1896 
 
 19 
 
 6,097,745 
 
 12,067 
 
 376,660 
 
 4,100 
 
 1897 
 
 19 
 
 6,097,745 
 
 12,010 
 
 372,335 
 
 3,400 
 
 1898 
 
 19 
 
 6,097,745 
 
 10,867 
 
 369,539 
 
 3,400 
 
 1899 
 
 19 
 
 6,097,745 
 
 11,930 
 
 372,570 
 
 2,800 
 
 1900 
 
 19 
 
 6,689,160 
 
 12,161 
 
 380,165 
 
 1,700 
 
 1901 
 
 19 
 
 6,889,162 
 
 12,165 
 
 380,792 
 
 5,937 
 
 1902 
 
 19 
 
 6,889,162 
 
 12,309 
 
 383,344 
 
 6,937 
 
 1903 
 
 19 
 
 6,859,162 
 
 12,180 
 
 390,067 
 
 6,937 
 
 1904 
 
 19 
 
 6,889,162 
 
 12,587 
 
 391,252 
 
 6,937 
 
 1905 
 
 19 
 
 6,889,162 
 
 12,896 
 
 399,363 
 
 6,937 
 
 1906 
 
 19 
 
 6,889,162 
 
 13,192 
 
 404,537 
 
 6,937 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 19 
 
 6,889,162 
 
 12,410 
 
 412,170 
 
 12,987 
 
 NOTE. Prior to 1866 the numbers of Rural Municipalities in each year were 1860, 1 
 1862, 10 ; 1863, 14 ; 1864, 17 ; and 1865, 18. 
 
 1861, 5; 
 
 TASMANIA. RURAL MUNICIPALITIES. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1860 TO 1907. 
 
 Year ending 31st December. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1860 . . 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 
 833 
 
 . f 
 
 
 814 
 
 1861 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 5,912 
 
 . . 
 
 
 4,667 
 
 1862 .. 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 9,463 
 
 . . 
 
 
 9,898 
 
 1863 .. 
 
 6,218 
 
 7,690 
 
 4,249 
 
 18,157 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
 17,335 
 
 1864 .. 
 
 7,552 
 
 10,452 
 
 4,679 
 
 22,683 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 21,794 
 
 1865 .. 
 
 8,842 
 
 10,232 
 
 4,049 
 
 23,123 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 21,318 
 
 1866 .. 
 
 8,500 
 
 8,657 
 
 4,462 
 
 21,619 
 
 5,290 
 
 18,580 
 
 23,870 
 
 1867 .. 
 
 11,225 
 
 9,472 
 
 4,590 
 
 25,287 
 
 5,446 
 
 17,752 
 
 23,198 
 
 1868 .. 
 
 13,711 
 
 3,210 
 
 4,369 
 
 21,290 
 
 4,639 
 
 18,379 
 
 23,018 
 
 1869 
 
 12,210 
 
 3,341 
 
 4,399 
 
 19,950 
 
 4,154 
 
 17,241 
 
 21,395 
 
 1870 .. 
 
 11,671 
 
 4,110 
 
 4,846 
 
 20,627 
 
 3,993 
 
 14,962 
 
 18,955 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 11,535 
 
 3,631 
 
 4,609 
 
 19,775 
 
 4,227 
 
 18,187 
 
 22,414 
 
 1872 .. 
 
 12,644 
 
 4,356 
 
 4,295 
 
 21,295 
 
 4,127 
 
 15,823 
 
 19,950 
 
 1873 .. 
 
 12,492 
 
 2,567 
 
 4,607 
 
 19,666 
 
 3,868 
 
 15,244 
 
 19,112 
 
 1874 .. 
 
 11,571 
 
 2,950 
 
 4,292 
 
 18,813 
 
 4,064 
 
 14,832 
 
 18,896 
 
 1875 .. 
 
 11,869 
 
 2,898 
 
 4,719 
 
 19,486 
 
 4,087 
 
 15,244 
 
 19,331 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 12,428 
 
 2,926 
 
 5,174 
 
 20,528 
 
 4,275 
 
 17,015 
 
 21,290 
 
 1877 . . 
 
 12,295 
 
 2,378 
 
 4,253 
 
 18,926 
 
 4,428 
 
 15,094 
 
 19,522 
 
 1878 
 
 12,824 
 
 3,982 
 
 5,846 
 
 22,652 
 
 4,324 
 
 16,816 
 
 21,140 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 13,592 
 
 3,128 
 
 4,989 
 
 21,709 
 
 4,348 
 
 19,033 
 
 23,381 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 14,118 
 
 3,585 
 
 4,206 
 
 21,909 
 
 4,180 
 
 16,590 
 
 20,770 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 13,631 
 
 2,862 
 
 5,464 
 
 21,957 
 
 4,094 
 
 17,993 
 
 22,087 
 
126 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 TASMANIA. RURAL MUNICIPALITIES. REVENUE ANDJ EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1860 TO 1907 continued. 
 
 Year ending 31st December. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 13,523 
 
 3,259 
 
 6,349 
 
 23,131 
 
 6,547 
 
 16,907 
 
 23,454 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 14,094 
 
 2,736 
 
 5,581 
 
 22,411 
 
 4,831 
 
 18,327 
 
 23,158 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 14,144 
 
 3,634 
 
 5,101 
 
 22,879 
 
 4,779 
 
 16,648 
 
 21,427 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 14,921 
 
 3,888 
 
 4,417 
 
 23,226 
 
 4,851 
 
 18,788 
 
 23,639 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 14,127 
 
 3,936 
 
 3,905 
 
 21,968 
 
 5,223 
 
 17,079 
 
 22,302 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 14,414 
 
 3,794 
 
 3,965 
 
 22,173 
 
 5,644 
 
 16,718 
 
 22,: 62 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 13,576 
 
 4,449 
 
 3,595 
 
 21,620 
 
 5,297 
 
 16,668 
 
 21,965 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 14,740 
 
 3,546 
 
 4,146 
 
 22,432 
 
 5,184 
 
 16,490 
 
 21,674 
 
 1890 .. .. 
 
 15,784 
 
 2,825 
 
 4,240 
 
 22,849 
 
 5,317 
 
 15,007 
 
 20,324 
 
 1891 
 
 14,429 
 
 2,471 
 
 3,568 
 
 20,468 
 
 5,383 
 
 16,104 
 
 21,487 
 
 1892 -.. 
 
 14,592 
 
 1,842 
 
 4,422 
 
 20,856 
 
 5,454 
 
 17,373 
 
 22,827 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 13,739 
 
 1,987 
 
 5,671 
 
 21,397 
 
 5,016 
 
 14,466 
 
 19,482 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 13,257 
 
 201 
 
 3,631 
 
 17,089 
 
 5,569 
 
 11,702 
 
 17,271 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 12,659 
 
 4 
 
 3,272 
 
 15,935 
 
 4,477 
 
 11,723 
 
 16,200 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 12,468 
 
 . . 
 
 3,480 
 
 15,948 
 
 4,537 
 
 11,263 
 
 15,800 
 
 1897 
 
 12,245 
 
 . . 
 
 3,727 
 
 15,972 
 
 4,562 
 
 11,919 
 
 16,481 
 
 1898 
 
 12,622 
 
 
 3,124 
 
 15,746 
 
 4,592 
 
 10,782 
 
 15,374 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 2,943 
 
 
 3,065 
 
 6,008 
 
 4,444 
 
 1,703 
 
 6,147 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 2,536 
 
 5,539 
 
 3,815 
 
 11,890 
 
 4,566 
 
 3,808 
 
 8,374 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 2,695 
 
 700 
 
 3,966 
 
 7,361 
 
 4,651 
 
 3,531 
 
 8,182 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 3,041 
 
 25 
 
 4,800 
 
 7,866 
 
 4,425 
 
 2,766 
 
 7,191 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 2,675 
 
 . . 
 
 3,756 
 
 6,431 
 
 4,350 
 
 2,909 
 
 7,259 
 
 1904 
 
 2,738 
 
 . . 
 
 3,743 
 
 6,481 
 
 4,654 
 
 1,748 
 
 6,402 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 2,493 
 
 . . 
 
 4,216 
 
 6,709 
 
 4,561 
 
 2,521 
 
 7,082 
 
 1906 
 
 2,685 
 
 . . 
 
 4,416 
 
 7,101 
 
 4,574 
 
 2,409 
 
 6,983 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 2,877 
 
 
 9,427 
 
 12,304 
 
 4,604 
 
 8,039 
 
 12,643 
 
 NOTE. The details of expenditure for the years 1882 to 1907 are approximate only. 
 
 TASMANIA. MUNICIPAL POLICE. POLICE RATES AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1866 TO 1898. 
 
 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year 
 
 
 
 ending 
 
 Police 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31st 
 Decem- 
 ber. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 Salaries 
 and Pay. 
 
 Allowances. 
 
 Stationery, 
 Stores, and 
 Contin- 
 
 Provisions, 
 Fuel, and 
 
 T irVif 
 
 Clothing 
 and 
 Accoutre- 
 
 Erection 
 and Repair 
 of Police 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 gencies. 
 
 ijignt). 
 
 ments. 
 
 Stations. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1866 
 
 . . 
 
 20,132 
 
 912 
 
 1,644 
 
 736 
 
 812 
 
 24,236 
 
 1867 
 
 17,770 
 
 19,792 
 
 560 . 
 
 765 
 
 776 
 
 947 
 
 477 
 
 23,317 
 
 1868 
 
 18,390 
 
 19,280 
 
 513 
 
 882 
 
 - 747 
 
 855 
 
 330 
 
 22,607 
 
 1869 
 
 16,893 
 
 19,250 
 
 438 
 
 837 
 
 591 
 
 934 
 
 654 
 
 22,704 
 
 1870 
 
 16,672 
 
 18,040 
 
 494 
 
 777 
 
 631 
 
 694 
 
 184 
 
 20,820 
 
 1871 
 
 16,873 
 
 19,470 
 
 525 
 
 990 
 
 377 
 
 582 
 
 731 
 
 22,675 
 
 1872 
 
 17,133 
 
 18,995 
 
 428 
 
 755 
 
 282 
 
 528 
 
 885 
 
 21,873 
 
 1873 
 
 16,614 
 
 17,916 
 
 510 
 
 753 
 
 101 
 
 549 
 
 546 
 
 20,375 
 
 1874 
 
 16,466 
 
 17,989 
 
 575 
 
 693 
 
 292 
 
 593 
 
 654 
 
 20,796 
 
 1875 
 
 17,025 
 
 18,248 
 
 620 
 
 729 
 
 623 
 
 752 
 
 330 
 
 21,302 
 
 1876 
 
 17,692 
 
 18,291 
 
 738 
 
 813 
 
 498 
 
 715 
 
 624 
 
 21,679 
 
 1877 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 127 
 
 TASMANIA. MUNICIPAL POLICE. POLICE RATES AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1866 TO 1898 continued. 
 
 Year 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 ]xpenditure. 
 
 
 
 
 ending 
 3l?t 
 Decem- 
 ber. 
 
 Police 
 Rates. 
 
 Salaries 
 and Pay. 
 
 Allowances. 
 
 Stationery, 
 Stores, and 
 Contin- 
 gencies. 
 
 Provi?ions, 
 Fuel, and 
 Light. 
 
 Clothing 
 and 
 Accoutre- 
 ments. 
 
 Erection 
 and Repair 
 of Police 
 Stations. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1878 
 
 18,669 
 
 18,698 
 
 770 
 
 685 
 
 401 
 
 919 
 
 979 
 
 22,452 
 
 1879 
 
 . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 1880 
 
 20,001 
 
 20,556 
 
 687 
 
 621 
 
 327 
 
 941 
 
 709 
 
 23,841 
 
 1881 
 
 19,996 
 
 20,649 
 
 756 
 
 411 
 
 394 
 
 979 
 
 366 
 
 23,555 
 
 1882 
 
 20,508 
 
 21,250 
 
 758 
 
 487 
 
 426 
 
 851 
 
 495 
 
 24,267 
 
 1883 
 
 21,635 
 
 21,956 
 
 907 
 
 613 
 
 405 
 
 1,667 
 
 515 
 
 26,063 
 
 1884 
 
 24,071 
 
 22,927 
 
 1,054 
 
 685 
 
 429 
 
 1,004 
 
 230 
 
 26,359 
 
 1885 
 
 21,883 
 
 23,374 
 
 ,106 
 
 865 
 
 427 
 
 1,076 
 
 669 
 
 27,517 
 
 1886 
 
 22,862 
 
 23,356 
 
 ,110 
 
 736 
 
 454 
 
 1,058 
 
 544 
 
 27,258 
 
 1887 
 
 23,675 
 
 23,421 
 
 ,166 
 
 718 
 
 420 
 
 1,186 
 
 684 
 
 27,595 
 
 1888 
 
 21,577 
 
 23,316 
 
 ,218 
 
 551 
 
 462 
 
 1,144 / 
 
 337 
 
 27,028 
 
 1889 
 
 22,022 
 
 22,749 
 
 ,216 
 
 575 
 
 430 
 
 1,084 
 
 334 
 
 26,388 
 
 1890 
 
 21,924 
 
 21,755 
 
 980 
 
 466 
 
 415 
 
 966 
 
 354 
 
 24,936 
 
 1891 
 
 22,640 
 
 22,072 
 
 996 
 
 443 
 
 483 
 
 1,113 
 
 461 
 
 25,568 
 
 1892 
 
 22,667 
 
 21,598 
 
 1,096 
 
 506 
 
 464 
 
 1,160 
 
 991 
 
 25,815 
 
 1893 
 
 21,871 
 
 20,327 
 
 908 
 
 344 
 
 425 
 
 693 
 
 152 
 
 22,849 
 
 1894 
 
 21,826 
 
 19,326 
 
 828 
 
 411 
 
 354 
 
 746 
 
 161 
 
 21,826 
 
 1895 
 
 20,501 
 
 18,153 
 
 700 
 
 588 
 
 300 
 
 449 
 
 354 
 
 20,544 
 
 1896 
 
 20,513 
 
 17,632 
 
 768 
 
 588 
 
 343 
 
 691 
 
 491 
 
 20,513 
 
 1897 
 
 19,977 
 
 17,248 
 
 755 
 
 699 
 
 348 
 
 599 
 
 328 
 
 19,977 
 
 1898 
 
 19,860 
 
 17,182 
 
 808 
 
 734 
 
 349 
 
 631 
 
 156 
 
 19,860 
 
 NOTE. These figures are included in the general statement of Revenue and Expenditure of 
 Rural Municipalities (see page 125). 
 
 (D) Town Boards. 
 
 1. Town Boards Act 1884. This Act did not apply to any Town situated within 
 the boundaries of a Rural Municipality. On the petition of ten electors the Governor 
 could proclaim a Town, and then a Town Board was to be elected under similar pro- 
 visions to those in the Roads Act 1884 (see page 118) relating to meetings, trustees, 
 and road rate. A Town Board had to exercise the provisions of the Police Act 1865 
 with regard to the health and improvement of Towns, and was authorized to levy a fate 
 not exceeding one shilling in the pound on the annual value. 
 
 In the following year every Town was declared to be a Road District under the Roads 
 Act, and the Town Board to be the Trustees thereof. A Town Board could also borrow 
 up to 2,000, the Government guaranteeing the interest, but it must levy a rate 
 for the purpose of meeting such interest. 
 
 A special Act passed in 1889 created a Town Board for Devonport, with a Board of 
 eight members, four of whom represented East, and four West Devonport, two in each 
 division retiring annually, and in the following year this Town Board was empowered to 
 levy a rate on the capital value not exceeding one penny in the pound. 
 
 2. Town Boards Act 1891. This Act, which came into force on the 1st January, 
 1892, repealed the former Act, and included in its provisions the Devonport Town Board. 
 Existing Towns and Boards remained, and a new Town could be proclaimed upon petition 
 of fifteen or more electors within an area containing rateable property yielding a revenue 
 of 200 on a rate of one shilling per pound of annual value. The electors, who comprised 
 all males and females of the age of 21 or upwards entered on the assessment roll as 
 owners or occupiers, elected a Board of five or seven male members, having the 
 voting power specified in the Rural Voting Act 1884 (see page 149). Two out of five, 
 or three out of seven, members of the Board retired after one year, the balance after 
 two years, and so on, alternately. The Chairman was elected by the Board from among 
 themselves. 
 
128 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 An assessment roll was to be prepared annually, and the maximum rates which 
 could be struck were : town rates, one shilling and sixpence in the pound on the annual 
 value, or one penny in the pound on the capital value ; road rates, one shilling, or one 
 penny ; and separate local rates, one shilling and sixpence, or one penny, respectively. 
 Loans could be contracted up to 2,000, the Government guaranteeing the interest, 
 while all accounts were to be audited by the Auditor-General. 
 
 The following powers under the Police' Act were vested in Town Boards: (a) im- 
 pounding ; (&) regulation and licensing of cabs, drivers, and carters ; (c) suppression of 
 nuisances ; (d) paving : (e) draining ; (/) cleansing ; (g) lighting ; and (h) other matters 
 contained in Part III. of the Police Act 1865. 
 
 A Town Board could also (a) construct wharves and jetties ; (6) establish markets ; 
 (c) arrange for water supply ; (d) construct pounds, abattoirs, baths, places of recreation, 
 hospitals, and charitable institutions ; (e) plant trees ; (/) purchase and take land ; and 
 (g) make by-laws. 
 
 A Town Board was to be a Road District Board, and if any Main Road was included 
 within its boundaries, to be a Main Road District Board also. 
 
 3. Town Boards Act 1896. This Act consolidated and amended the previous Act, 
 and contained similar provisions. Provision was, however, made for borrowing on 
 overdraft up to half the expected proceeds of the rates, and for owners to repair 
 crossings over footways, and to construct private streets, the Board maintaining them 
 afterwards. 
 
 In 1902 the Governor was empowered to proclaim a Town without receiving a petition. 
 
 4. Repeal of Town Boards Act. In 1906, when the Local Government Act was 
 passed, every Town Board was abolished, but the Act itself apparently was not repealed. 
 
 5. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following tables are shewn (a) the number of 
 Town Boards, the number of properties rated, the annual value and the outstanding 
 loans ; and (6) the revenue and expenditure for the years 1886 to 1907 : 
 
 TASMANIA. TOWN BOARDS. NUMBER OF PROPERTIES RATED, ANNUAL 
 VALUE, AND OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1S86 TO 1907. 
 
 Year ending 
 31st December. 
 
 Number of 
 Boards. 
 
 Number of 
 Properties rated. 
 
 Annual Value. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 .' 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1886 
 
 1 
 
 107 
 
 3,600 
 
 1,000 
 
 1887 
 
 3 
 
 330 
 
 6,625 
 
 1,508 
 
 1888 
 
 4 
 
 567 
 
 11,557 
 
 1,508 
 
 1889 
 
 7 
 
 1,314 
 
 18,865 
 
 3,508 
 
 1890 
 
 8 
 
 1,856 
 
 21,403 
 
 3,500 
 
 1891 
 
 9 
 
 1,762 
 
 29,756 
 
 4,000 
 
 1892 
 
 14 
 
 4,177 
 
 78,055 
 
 5,000 
 
 1893 
 
 14 
 
 4,377 
 
 79,275 
 
 4,750 
 
 1894 
 
 14 
 
 5,202 
 
 79,391 
 
 4,750 
 
 1895 
 
 16 
 
 5,325 
 
 79,625 
 
 7,050 
 
 1896 
 
 15 
 
 5,165 
 
 79,996 
 
 7,300 
 
 1897 
 
 17 
 
 6,070 
 
 81,696 
 
 7,050 
 
 1898 
 
 19 
 
 8,191 
 
 115,738 
 
 13,100 
 
 1899 . 
 
 19 
 
 8,283 
 
 120,762 
 
 18,950 
 
 1900 
 
 19 
 
 9,248 
 
 144,054 
 
 t!75 
 
 1901 
 
 20 
 
 10,469 
 
 154,101 
 
 300 
 
 1902 
 
 20 
 
 9,757 
 
 165,937 
 
 49,300 
 
 1903 
 
 22 
 
 10,217 
 
 150,828 
 
 59,200 
 
 1904 
 
 23 
 
 11,688 
 
 192,572 
 
 69,197 
 
 1905 
 
 23 
 
 11,604 
 
 194,378 
 
 74,344 
 
 1906 
 
 23 
 
 11,465 
 
 243,424 
 
 75,784 
 
 1907 
 
 23 
 
 11,694 
 
 201,222 
 
 81,709 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 129 
 
 TASMANIA. TOWN BOARDS. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1886 TO 1907. 
 
 Year ending 31st 
 December. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Bates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 176 
 
 . . 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,176 
 
 21 
 
 1,215 
 
 26 
 
 1,262 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 328 
 
 . . 
 
 522 
 
 850 
 
 71 
 
 577 
 
 77 
 
 725 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 468 
 
 . . 
 
 46 
 
 514. 
 
 109 
 
 410 
 
 189 
 
 708 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 385 
 
 . . 
 
 2,000 
 
 2,385 
 
 81 
 
 1,560 
 
 344 
 
 1,985 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 952 
 
 . . 
 
 603 
 
 1,555 
 
 285 
 
 2,237 
 
 472 
 
 2,994 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 689 
 
 1,889 
 
 1,336 
 
 3,914 
 
 288 
 
 2,460 
 
 350 
 
 3,098 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 3,309 
 
 1,557 
 
 2,326 
 
 7,192 
 
 561 
 
 3,779 
 
 1,390 
 
 5,730 
 
 1893.. 
 
 3,982 
 
 1,988 
 
 1,418 
 
 7,388 
 
 1,003 
 
 4,481 
 
 1,961 
 
 7,445 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 3,511 
 
 924 
 
 723 
 
 5,158 
 
 780 
 
 2,752 
 
 2,357 
 
 5,889 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 4,346 
 
 1,432 
 
 1,494 
 
 7,272 
 
 894 
 
 4,098 
 
 1,791 
 
 6,783 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 4,765 
 
 1,323 
 
 882 
 
 6,970 
 
 1,142 
 
 3,195 
 
 2,214 
 
 6,551 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 5,133 
 
 1,289 
 
 1,309 
 
 7,731 
 
 1,551 
 
 4,802 
 
 2,542 
 
 8,895 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 7,228 
 
 7,005 
 
 4,016 
 
 18,249 
 
 2,570 
 
 9,332 
 
 4,469 
 
 16,371 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 7,259 
 
 9,540 
 
 6,058 
 
 22,857 
 
 3,181 
 
 10,123 
 
 11,072 
 
 24,376 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 10,697 
 
 10,535 
 
 7,847 
 
 29,079 
 
 3,512 
 
 14,448 
 
 11,130 
 
 29,090 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 16,014 
 
 9,073 
 
 3,847 
 
 28,934 
 
 4,126 
 
 14,319 
 
 10,406 
 
 28,851 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 10,276 
 
 6,645 
 
 9,504 
 
 26,425 
 
 3,744 
 
 12,107 
 
 10,492 
 
 26,343 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 10,321 
 
 4,758 
 
 10,206 
 
 25,285 
 
 5,338 
 
 9,348 
 
 9,745 
 
 24,431 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 13,321 
 
 6,599 
 
 10,750 
 
 30,670 
 
 3,948 
 
 16,280 
 
 9,790 
 
 30,018 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 13,329 
 
 5,278 
 
 15,043 
 
 33,650 
 
 3,207 
 
 17,381 
 
 11,686 
 
 32,274 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 14,284 
 
 572 
 
 15,173 
 
 30,029 
 
 4,706 
 
 17,947 
 
 10,951 
 
 33,604 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 17,191 
 
 7,199 
 
 19,955 
 
 44,345 
 
 4,972 
 
 21,603 
 
 17,592 
 
 44,167 
 
 (E) Fruit Boards. 
 
 1. General. In order to cope with the Codlin Moth pest, certain Districts were declared 
 infected, and Local Boards were elected with power to levy rates and cause the pest to 
 be eradicated. These Boards administered the Codlin Moth Acts of 1887 and 1888. 
 
 2. Codlin Moth Act 1887. Under Ibhis Act the Governor was empowered to declare 
 Fruit Districts, in each of which the fruit-growers elected annually a Board of seven 
 members. These Boards had power to inspect orchards or appoint inspectors for the 
 purpose and to levy a tax not exceeding four shillings per acre on orchards. If the amount 
 of this tax was insufficient to pay the expenses of the Board, the Governor could authorize 
 further taxation up to a maximum of four shillings per acre. 
 
 3. Codlin Moth Act 1888. This Act repealed the previous Act, but existing Districts 
 and Boards, of which 30 were mentioned in the schedule to the Act, were continued. 
 On petition of at least 50 fruit-growers the Governor could proclaim other Districts, or 
 alter, divide, unite, or abolish existing Districts. A Board of seven members was to be 
 elected by fruit-growers, with power to inspect orchards or appoint an inspector to do so, 
 and to levy a tax on orchards of four shillings per acre. A Board could also order 
 infected trees to be cut down. The Governor could increase the taxation by an 
 additional sum not exceeding six shillings per acre, and, if the boundaries of a 
 Fruit District were conterminous with those of a Municipality, could vest the powers of 
 the Fruit Board in the Council of the Municipality. 
 
 In the event of no Fruit Board being elected, or, if such Board, when elected, refused 
 to act, the Governor could appoint officers, in which case the provisions for the election 
 of a Board would lapse. When the Governor exercised these powers, where the boundaries 
 - of a Fruit District were conterminous with those of a Municipality, the Municipal Council 
 ceased to have any powers under the Act, until a petition signed by at least two-thirds 
 of the fruit-growers had been received requesting that the powers be restored to the 
 Municipal Council. 
 
 C. 7099. 5 
 
130 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 . The Governor was also empowered to appoint inspectors, and every Fruit District 
 had to contribute a sum not exceeding sixpence per acre towards the expenses of the 
 Government. 
 
 An amendment of the Act passed in 1891 provided that members of the Board were 
 to hold office for two years, three or four members retiring annually in turn. 
 
 In 1912 the maximum amount of tax leviable by a Board was raised to six shillings 
 per acre, while that of the additional tax was reduced to four shillings per acre. 
 
 4. Abolition of Fruit Districts and Boards. In 1906 under the Local Government 
 Act every Fruit District was abolished, and every District constituted a Municipality 
 was deemed to be a Fruit .District, the provisions of the Codlin Moth Act being exercised 
 by the Municipal Councils. 
 
 (K) Rabbit Boards. 
 
 1. General. The various Rabbit Destruction Acts were passed with a view to the 
 extermination of Rabbits, and under their provisions Districts were proclaimed and 
 Boards of Trustees elected. 
 
 2. Rabbits Destruction Act 1871. Upon the petition of at least twenty landholders 
 or occupiers, the Governor could proclaim a Rabbit District, and the landholders then 
 elected a Board of three or five Trustees, who were empowered to do all things necessary 
 for the destruction of rabbits, and to offer rewards for the same. The provisions of the 
 Cross and Bye Roads Act 1870 as to the calling of meetings, election of Trustees, fixing 
 rates, and other matters were made applicable to this Act. This Act was only to be in 
 force until the end of the Session of 1874. 
 
 In 1874 the minimum number of persons necessary for a petition was reduced to 
 ten, and the Act was continued in force until the end of 1877. 
 
 3. Rabbits Destruction Act 1877. This Act repealed the previous Act and its 
 amendments, but re-enacted their provisions. The maximum amount of rate was, 
 however, fixed at one shilling in the pound of the annual value. 
 
 4. Rabbits Destruction Act 1882. Under this Act the Governor was authorized to 
 declare infested and clear Districts. The Chief Inspector of Sheep was appointed to take 
 measures for the destruction of rabbits, and Rabbit Boards were abolished. 
 
 5. Rabbits Destruction Act 1887. The Governor was authorized to proclaim Rabbit 
 Districts, and landholders were to elect Boards of seven members. These Boards had 
 power to appoint inspectors and levy a maximum rate of one halfpenny per sheep and 
 twopence per head of horses and cattle on all owners of over three head of horses or cattle. 
 The onus of destroying rabbits was" placed upon the occupier, but he could recover from 
 the owner a proportion of the expense based on the length of his tenancy. 
 
 6. Rabbits Destruction Act 1888. This Act repealed the previous Act but re-enacted 
 its provisions. The Governor could either proclaim Districts on giving notice or upon 
 petition of 50 landholders. The taxation was unaltered ; but the Governor might 
 authorize it to be doubled. When the boundaries of a Rabbit District were conterminous 
 with those of a Municipality, the Governor could vest the Municipal Council with the 
 powers of a Rabbit Board. 
 
 7. Rabbits Destruction Act 1889. The Act of 1888 was repealed by this Act. The 
 Governor, upon the report of the Chief Inspector of Sheep, was to declare " Infected 
 Districts " and " Clear Districts." Any Inspector of Sheep could enter upon Crown 
 lands and destroy rabbits, and could also enter upon private lands to inspect same. 
 Occupiers, upon receiving notice, were to destroy rabbits, otherwise an inspector could 
 do so at their expense ; where expenses were not recoverable they were to be defrayed out 
 of the Stock Act Fund. 
 
 By an amendment in 1889, every Municipal District was deemed to be a Rabbit 
 District, and the Municipal Council was required to take measures to enforce the provisions 
 of the Act of 1889, and to appoint inspectors. A separate rate could be struck not 
 exceeding threepence in the pound of the annual value ; but the restriction as to the 
 maximum amount of rate was removed in 1906. 
 
 8. Local Government Act 1906. This Act, without repealing the Act of 1889, provided 
 that every Rabbit District included in any Municipality should be abolished, and that the 
 Municipality should become a Rabbit District for the purposes of the Rabbits Destruction 
 Act. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 131 
 
 9. Revenue and Expenditure. In the following table are shewn the revenue and 
 expenditure of Rabbit Boards for the years 1875 to 1882 : 
 
 TASMANIA RABBIT BOARDS. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1875 TO 1882. 
 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year ending 
 31st December. 
 
 Number of 
 
 Boards. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1875 
 
 6 
 
 1,988 
 
 1,058 
 
 3,046 
 
 61 
 
 1,967 
 
 2,028 
 
 1876 
 
 6 
 
 1,041 
 
 1,413 
 
 2,454 
 
 44 
 
 2,985 
 
 3,029 
 
 1877 
 
 7 
 
 1,332 
 
 1,159 
 
 2,491 
 
 918 
 
 1,241 
 
 2,159 
 
 1878 
 
 7 
 
 1,055 
 
 547 
 
 1,602 
 
 20 
 
 1,909 
 
 1,929 
 
 1879 
 
 7 
 
 375 
 
 269 
 
 644 
 
 32 
 
 903 
 
 935 
 
 1880 
 
 7 
 
 152 
 
 136 
 
 288 
 
 217 
 
 167 
 
 384 
 
 1881 
 
 7 
 
 . . 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 1882 
 
 7 
 
 
 46 
 
 46 
 
 
 212 
 
 212 
 
 (<;) Local Boards of Health. 
 
 1. General. These Boards were appointed under the various Health Acts for the 
 purposes of carrying out the provisions contained therein with respect to sanitation and 
 other kindred matters. 
 
 2. Public Health Act 1885. Under this Act a Central Board of Health, consisting of 
 five members, was appointed by the Governor. Local Boards of Health were also con- 
 stituted, comprising the Municipal Councils of Hobart and Launceston, the Councils of 
 Rural Municipalities, and the Town Boards. 
 
 In 1887 an amendment of this Act empowered the Governor to proclaim Local Boards 
 of Health where no Municipality or Town Board existed. 
 
 3. Sanitary Rate Act 1887. Local Boards of Health were given the power of levying 
 a sanitary rate not exceeding sixpence in the pound of the annual value. In 1889 provision 
 was made for levying the sanitary rate on the capital value, but not exceeding one farthing 
 in the pound ; also if no service was provided only half rates were to be paid. 
 
 4. Public Health Act 1889. This Act continued the system of Local Boards of Health, 
 but raised the number of members of the Central Board from five to seven. Local Boards 
 were given power to make by-laws respecting new streets and buildings, and could order 
 a cemetery to be closed. Aiiy new cemetery had to be approved of by a Local Board, 
 which could also provide cemeteries in certain cases and be Trustees thereof, notwith- 
 standing anything in the Cemeteries Act 1865 to the contrary. 
 
 In 1896 Local Boards were empowered to make by-laws respecting persons with 
 infectious diseases coming into their districts. 
 
 In 1901 Local Boards, in place of levying a sanitary rate, could make a fixed charge 
 for the removal of rubbish and night-soil, but such charge must not exceed ninepence for 
 each removal. 
 
 5. Public Health Act 1903. This Act repealed the former Health Act, but not the 
 Sanitary Rate Acts of 1887 and 1889. In place of the Central Board of Heulth the 
 Governor appointed a Chief Health Officer, Assistant Health Officers, Inspectors, and other 
 officials. He could also appoint Local Boards consisting of from three to seven members, 
 or appoint any existing public body to be a Local Board of Health, and could make 
 regulations regarding infectious diseases. 
 
 A Local Board must appoint a Health Officer and Inspectors ; it may provide and 
 maintain hospitals, and must do so if the Chief Health Officer certifies that it is 
 necessary ; it may provide and maintain mortuaries, morgues, and public conveniences, 
 may prevent nuisances, may provide for scavenging, may borrow for sanitary works, may 
 give consent for the establishment of noxious trades, may approve of cemeteries, may 
 inspect public buildings, may make by-laws regarding the same and regarding new streets 
 and buildings, and may engage analysts. 
 
 In 1908 the abolition of cesspools was made compulsory. 
 
 5 * 
 
132 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 6. Health Rate Act 1905. A Local Board may levy a health rate not exceeding 
 sixpence in the pound of the annual value, half such rate only to be paid if no service is 
 provided ; in addition, it may levy a charge for the removal of garbage or night-soil, not 
 exceeding one shilling for each removal. This Act was repealed in 1906 as far as it applied 
 to any Local Board having jurisdiction outside the limits of the Cities of Hobart or 
 Launceston. 
 
 7. Local Government Act 1906. By this Act every Local Health District included in 
 any Municipality was abolished, and every Municipality was deemed to be a District of 
 which the Council of the Municipality is the Local Board for the purposes of the Public 
 Health Act 1903. 
 
 (H) Boards of Works. 
 
 1. General. Under the Waste Lands Act 1863 one-fourth of the moneys received was 
 set apart as a fund for the construction of roads, bridges, jetties, tramways, and wharves, 
 and Boards were appointed by the Governor to advise as to the expenditure of these moneys. 
 Strictly speaking, these Boards do not come under the definition of Local Government, 
 as they were not elective ; but their work was so closely related thereto that a brief 
 account of their activities will not be out of place. 
 
 2. Constitution and Functions of Boards. In every Municipal or Police District the 
 Governor was authorized to appoint from among the residents or land-owners in such 
 District a local honorary Board of Works of not less than three members, holding office 
 during his pleasure. Each Board, on being furnished with a statement of the money 
 available, was to report to the Government as to the best manner of expending it so as 
 to secure for each District an increase in the facilities of communication between two 
 Townships or between a Township and the sea, or for the improvement of a navigable 
 river or a main road. Upon the assent of the Government being obtained, tenders were 
 to be invited, specifications to be prepared at the office of the Director of Public Works, 
 and contracts let at the office of the Solicitor-General. 
 
 The amount available was distributed proportionately among Districts on the basis 
 of sixpence for every shilling raised by assessment. 
 
 An amendment of the Act in 1870 handed this money over to the Trustees of Districts 
 on the following basis : If the rate was sixpence, a sum equal to one-third of the amount 
 collected was granted ; if ninepence, one half ; and if one shilling, an equal amount was 
 paid. 
 
 3. Revenue and Expenditure. In the following table are given the amounts granted 
 from the Land Fund for each year and the actual amount expended for the years 1866 
 to 1880 : 
 
 TASMANIA. BOARDS OF WORKS. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1866 TO 1880. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Boards. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Boards. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1866 . . 
 
 34 
 
 6,955 
 
 10,053 
 
 1874 .. 
 
 32 
 
 
 1,301 
 
 1867 . . 
 
 37 
 
 9,830 
 
 3,546 
 
 1875 . . 
 
 30 
 
 . . 
 
 438 
 
 1868 . . 
 
 37 
 
 6,692 
 
 9,170 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 27 
 
 
 87 
 
 1869 . .' 
 
 37 
 
 8,357 
 
 8,534 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 26 
 
 
 178 
 
 1870 . . 
 
 37 
 
 7,228 
 
 5,664 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 24 
 
 
 102 
 
 1871 . . 
 
 36 
 
 4,449 
 
 5,890 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 24 
 
 
 355 
 
 1872 . . 
 
 35 
 
 9,429 
 
 4,542 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 23 
 
 
 31 
 
 1873 . . 
 
 32 
 
 
 1,973 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (i) Recreation Ground Trusts. 
 
 1. General. Under the Public Recreation Grounds Act 1888, whenever any land had 
 been granted or reserved for use as a Public Recreation Ground, the Governor could 
 appoint three persons to be Trustees thereof, and four other Trustees were to be elected. 
 One 'of the Trustees appointed by the Governor and two of the elected Trustees retired 
 annually. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 133 
 
 The Governor could declare the whole or any portion of an Electoral District for the 
 House of Assembly to be a District for the purposes of the election of Trustees, and such 
 electors of the House of Assembly as resided therein were to be electors for the 
 purpose of electing Trustees. 
 
 The Trustees were vested with the care and control of the grounds, and could make 
 regulations as to charges for lawful games or public entertainment. 
 
 In 1910 an amendment to the Act permitted the Trustees of a Public Recreation 
 Ground, with the consent of the Governor, to lease to two or more persons a portion, 
 not exceeding one-third of the ground, for a period not exceeding 21 years. 
 
 (.T) Municipalities. 
 
 1. General. Under the Local Government Act 1906 a Commission was appointed to 
 divide the State of Tasmania into not more than 60 Districts and to subdivide each 
 District into not less than three nor more than five Wards, each Ward including as nearly 
 as practicable an equal rateable area. The Commissioners were empowered to adjust 
 the boundaries of adjoining Municipalities, provided that in so dividing the State any 
 Town within the meaning of the Town Boards Act 1896 and situate within the boundaries 
 of an existing Municipality may, if the Commissioners see fit, be deemed to be included in 
 or excluded from such boundaries. The Cities of Hobart and Launceston were not to be 
 included, and were exempted from the provisions of the Act. 
 
 The number of Districts into which the State was divided at the time was 49, which 
 number in 1913 was reduced to 48 by the absorption of the Municipality of Queen- 
 borough by the City of Hobart. 
 
 2. Local Government Act 1906. Under this Act every Rural Municipality, Town 
 Board, Main Road District, Road District, Local Health District, Fruit District, Rabbit 
 District, School District, and Public Recreation Ground District included in any Munici- 
 pality established under this Act was abolished. Every District constituted a Municipality 
 is deemed to be a Fruit District,, a Rabbit District, a Local Health District, a School 
 District, a Road District, a Main Road District, and a Public Recreation Ground District. 
 
 The Act has been amended from time to time, and the following are particulars of its 
 provisions as amended : 
 
 (i) Incorporation of Municipalities.- On the proclamation by the Governor of any 
 Municipality, a Council consisting of a Warden and Councillors is created, and this 
 Council, together with the electors, becomes a body corporate under the title " The Warden, 
 Councillors, and Electors" of the Municipality. 
 
 Every such body corporate has a legal status, and may purchase, hold, and alienate 
 land and personal estate, but may not dispose of or demise real estate for a longer period 
 than 21 years without the consent of the Governor. 
 
 In case there is in any Municipality no Council, or not a sufficient quorum of 
 Councillors, the Governor may appoint a Commissioner to act. 
 
 (ii) Formation and Alteration of Municipalities. The Governor is empowered, with 
 or without petition, to unite Municipalities, alter boundaries, abolish Wards and Munici- 
 palities, and without petition to include a Town in a Municipality, and increase the number 
 of Wards. 
 
 When a Municipality contains within its area a District under the Public Recreation 
 Grounds Act 1888, the Governor may transfer the control of such Recreation Ground to 
 the Council thereof. 
 
 Where any existing Water or Light District is wholly within a Municipality the 
 Council becomes the Trustees of the District, and has control thereof, It may define such 
 Water or Light District as a Local District, and assign it to a special standing committee. 
 
 Public cemeteries may be vested in a Council by proclamation. 
 
 (iii) Constitution of Councils. In each Municipality the number of Councillors is a 
 multiple of three, with three for each Ward. One-third of the Councillors retire annually. 
 The Warden is elected by the Councillors from among themselves at the first meeting of 
 the Council after the annual election. 
 
 (iv) Qualifications of Councillors. Every male elector of a Municipality who is resident 
 or has a place of business therein is eligible to be elected as Councillor, but only so long 
 as he continues to reside or have a place of business in the Municipality. Any person is 
 prohibited from being a Councillor (a) who is engaged in or interested in any contract 
 
134 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 with the Council ; (6) who is counsel or solicitor in prosecuting any claim or action 
 against the Council, or is manager or agent for any person who is engaged in a 
 contract with the Council ; (c) who holds an office of profit under the Council, except as 
 Warden or Treasurer ; (d) who has his affairs under liquidation ; (e) who is an 
 undischarged or uncertificated bankrupt ; (/) who has been convicted of felony, unless 
 he has been pardoned or has served his sentence ; (g) who is undergoing a sentence of 
 imprisonment ; or (h) who is an insane person. 
 
 (v) Qualifications of Electors. An elector is a natural-born or naturalized subject, 
 over 21 years of age, whose name, as the owner or occupier of property, appears on the 
 assessment roll, also any corporation or joint stock company the name of which appears 
 on the assessment roll. Such a corporation or company may depute any person to vote 
 on its behalf. 
 
 Every elector has a number of votes for any Ward proportioned to the annual value 
 of the property he owns or occupies according to the following scale : 
 
 Annual Value of Property . . 
 
 Under 
 30. 
 
 30 
 and under 
 80. 
 
 80 
 and under 
 160. 
 
 160 
 and under 
 240. 
 
 240 
 and under 
 360. 
 
 360 
 and 
 upwards. 
 
 Number of votes 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 Voting by ballot is in force. 
 
 (vi) Local Districts and Local Committees. A Council 1 may define a Local District by 
 special resolution, and may assign it to a special standing committee, and each local 
 committee has the powers conferred upon the Council. 
 
 (vii) Officers. A Council may appoint fit persons to be Clerk, Treasurer, Analyst, 
 District Trained Nurse, Engineer, Solicitor, Surveyor, Poundkeeper, Inspectors of Stock 
 and other Inspectors, Bailiffs, or Rangers. 
 
 No Councillor may hold any office except that of Treasurer unless without 
 remuneration. 
 
 The Clerk of the Municipality holds the position of Clerk of Petty Sessions unless the 
 office is filled by a Civil Servant, and every Municipality is constituted a District for the 
 purpose of holding a Court of General and Quarter Sessions of the Peace. 
 
 (viii) Powers and Duties of Councils. Every Council is empowered to exercise within 
 the Municipality all the powers conferred upon (a) the Municipal Council of a Rural 
 Municipality by the Rural Municipalities Act 1865, the Rabbit Destruction Amendment 
 Act 1893, and the Police Act 1905 ; (6) the Trustees of a Road District and a Main 
 Road District Board by the Roads Act 1884 ; (c) a Board of a Town by the Town Boards 
 Act 1896 ; (d) a Local Authority by the Public Health Act 1903 ; (e) a Fruit Board by 
 the Codlin Moth Act 1888 ; (/) the Trustees of a Public Recreation Ground by the Public 
 Recreation Grounds Act 1888 ; (g) the Trustees of a Public Cemetery by the Cemeteries 
 Act 1865 ; (h) a Municipal Council of a Rural Municipality as the Trustees of a Water 
 District ; (i) a Board of Advice by the Education Act 1885 ; and (j) the Chief or any 
 Inspector of Sheep under the Calif ornian Thistle Act 1883, with extension of such powers 
 to noxious weeds. 
 
 (ix) United Municipalities. The Governor may, on the application of the Councils 
 of two or more Municipalities, form such Districts into a United Municipality for the 
 purpose of (a) providing waterworks ; (b) making a main sewer or carrying into effect 
 a system of sewerage, irrigation, or water conservation ; (c) constructing or maintaining 
 rabbit-proof fencing ; and (d) for any purpose authorized by the Act: 
 
 (x) Sources 'of Revenue. The revenue of a Council consists of (a) rates, tolls, ferry, 
 market and other dues, fees and charges authorized by the Act or by By-law, and the 
 rent of tolls, dues, land, and buildings ; (b) Government grants and subsidies ; and (c) all 
 other moneys not the proceeds of a loan. 
 
 (xi) Rates. Rates are of two classes, general and special. 
 (a) General Rates. These are levied equally within the whole Municipality. 
 (6) Special Rates. These rates are of various kinds, some being levied equally on all 
 property, others being purely local. These special rates are (i) Health Rate, for 
 defraying expenses under the Public Health Act, and not incurred in the removal of 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 135 
 
 house refuse, or the cleansing of closets or ash pits, (ii) Road Rate. Every Council 
 must make a road rate of not less than sixpence in the pound of the annual value, for 
 the purpose of constructing and maintaining roads, streets, bridges, wharves, or tram- 
 ways. Three-fifths of all moneys received in respect of any property situate in every 
 Ward must be expended within such Ward, except with the consent of all the Councillors 
 representing that Ward, (iii) Codlin Moth Rate. A Council may levy the tax prescribed 
 by the Codlin Moth Act. (iv) Cleansing Rate. A Council may levy a rate on all 
 occupied property where service is rendered upon the basis of either the rateable value 
 or of the number of persons occupying the several properties, or of the superficial measure- 
 ment of the buildings. Instead of a cleansing rate, a Council may charge for sanitary 
 service per pan removed, but such charge must not exceed one shilling for each removal, 
 (v) Special Rates may be struck for carrying out any provisions relating to public health, 
 constructing and maintaining sewerage, drainage, gasworks or electric light works, water- 
 ing, cleansing, or lighting roads, public recreation grounds, destruction of rabbits, 
 eradication of noxious weeds, and constructing and maintaining slaughterhouses or 
 abattoirs. 
 
 A separate local rate must.not exceed one shilling in the pound of the annual value. 
 
 (xii) Exemptions from Rating. The following properties are exempted from being 
 rated : (a) any property belonging to or occupied by or hired or used by the Govern- 
 ment ; (6) churches, chapels, Sunday schools ; (c) public libraries and museums, mechanics' 
 institutes, schools of art, schools of mines, literary or scientific institutions, and cemeteries ; 
 (d) hospitals, alms houses, lunatic asylums, benevolent asylums, and buildings used 
 solely for charitable purposes ; (e) agricultural and pastoral show grounds ; and (/) pro- 
 perty belonging to or occupied by a Marine Board or Harbour Trust. 
 
 (xiii) Borrowing Powers. A Council may borrow money either for permanent works 
 or undertakings, or for liquidating outstanding loans. Such money is to be raised under 
 the Local Public Works Act, or by debentures under the Local Boards' Loans Act. 
 
 Borrowing by overdraft must not exceed one-half of the prior year's revenue. 
 
 (xiv) Audit. All accounts must be audited by the Auditor-General. 
 
 (xv) By-laws. Every By-law must be passed by a Special Resolution of the Council, 
 and be approved by the Attorney-General. 
 
 (xvi) Water Districts. On receipt of a petition from one or more Municipalities, the 
 Governor may proclaim a Water District. The control of a Water District is vested in 
 a Council or Joint Council, which may borrow money and levy special loan and Water 
 District rates. 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following tables are given (a) the annual value, 
 estimated population, number of inhabited dwellings, length of roads and streets', and 
 outstanding loans ; and (6) the revenue, expenditure, and outstanding loans of Muni- 
 cipalities (exclusive of Hobart and Launceston) for the years 1908 to 1916 : 
 
 TASMANIA. MUNICIPALITIES (EXCLUSIVE OF HOBART AND LAUNCESTON). 
 ANNUAL VALUE, POPULATION, ETC., 1908 TO 1916. 
 
 Year ending 31st December. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Munici- 
 
 Annual 
 Value. 
 
 Estimated 
 Popula- 
 
 f Irtn 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Inhabited 
 
 Length of 
 Roads 
 and 
 
 Outstand- 
 ing 
 LO&D.S. 
 
 
 palities. 
 
 
 T/ion. 
 
 Dwellings. 
 
 Streets. 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 
 
 1908 . . 
 
 49 
 
 947,504 
 
 134,753 
 
 25,737 
 
 8,114 
 
 113,097 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 49 
 
 1,006,599 
 
 135,797 
 
 26,594 
 
 10,038 
 
 80,572 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 49 
 
 ,043,186 
 
 142,427 
 
 28,278 
 
 9,871 
 
 199,280 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 49 
 
 ,065,788 
 
 142,664 
 
 28,247 
 
 10,393 
 
 208,240 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 49 
 
 ,094,527 
 
 148,293 
 
 29,088 
 
 10,172 
 
 239,583 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 49 
 
 ,127,515 
 
 152,557 
 
 29,215 
 
 10,753 
 
 251,076 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 48 
 
 ,285,839 
 
 148,074 
 
 29,114 
 
 10,664 
 
 269,874 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 48 
 
 ,147,506 
 
 147,720 
 
 28,965 
 
 10,939 
 
 295,286 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 48 
 
 ,180,097 
 
 146,826 
 
 29,459 
 
 11,036 
 
 300,985 
 
 NOTE. At the end of 1907 the outstanding loans of Municipalities (other than Hobart and Launccston) 
 amounted to 12.987. 
 
136 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 TASMANIA. MUNICIPALITIES (EXCLUSIVE OF HOBART AND LAUNCESTON). 
 REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1908 TO 1916. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year ending 
 31st December. 
 
 
 From 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Rates. 
 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1908 
 
 75,895 
 
 26,254 
 
 63,571 
 
 165,720 
 
 24,968 
 
 91,428 
 
 22,334 
 
 138,730 
 
 1909 
 
 83,451 
 
 21,481 
 
 31,287 
 
 136,219 
 
 27,473 
 
 75,995 
 
 48,842 
 
 152,310 
 
 1910 
 
 80,345 
 
 35,466 
 
 41,326 
 
 157,137 
 
 22,635 
 
 107,117 
 
 23,319 
 
 153,071 
 
 1911 
 
 81,468 
 
 35,065 
 
 38,819 
 
 155,352 
 
 23,196 
 
 92,044 
 
 41,700 
 
 156,940 
 
 1912 
 
 88,290 
 
 25,901 
 
 39,507 
 
 153,698 
 
 23,997 
 
 103,271 
 
 33,186 
 
 160,454 
 
 1913 
 
 95,652 
 
 17,260 
 
 39,865 
 
 152,777 
 
 26,877 
 
 109,281 
 
 25,881 
 
 162,039 
 
 1914 
 
 99,721 
 
 14,166 
 
 47,636 
 
 161,523 
 
 26,928 
 
 108,101 
 
 29,891 
 
 164,920 
 
 1915 
 
 100,522 
 
 13,585 
 
 54,601 
 
 168,708 
 
 25,974 
 
 106,253 
 
 37,996 
 
 170,223 
 
 1916 
 
 99,759 
 
 12,259 
 
 54,134 
 
 166,152 
 
 27,340 
 
 105,165 
 
 32,825 
 
 165,330 
 
 (K) City of Hobart. 
 
 1. Police Act 1838. -This is the earliest Act which refers to the improvement of 
 Hobart Town. It provides that the Surveyor-General should set out the limits of the 
 Towns, Ports, and Harbours of Hobart, Launceston, and other specified localities. A 
 Town Surveyor was appointed by the Governor, whose duties were to make and level 
 footpaths, &c., and in conjunction with the Police Magistrate make an annual perambu- 
 lation of the boundaries. Nuisances were to be suppressed. 
 
 2. Hobart Town Commissioners Act 1846. Under this Act Hobart Town was divided 
 into five Wards, each represented by three Commissioners, who were elected for two 
 years. Pending the election of Commissioners the Lieutenant-Governor appointed a 
 Chief Commissioner. Every male of the age of 21 and over, who, on the date of the 
 proclamation dividing Hobart Town into Wards, had occupied any house during one whole 
 year preceding, was entitled to vote, provided that his rates were paid and he was a 
 natural-born or naturalized subject. One vote was allowed for each vacancy. The 
 Chief Commissioner was to be Chairman, and when the Commissioners were elected a 
 voters' roll was to be made up.- In order to be qualified as a Commissioner a person 
 must be seised of land of the value of at least 500, or be rated on an annual value of 
 not less than 50, must have no interest in a contract with the Commissioners, and 
 must not be in holy orders or a regular minister of any religious denomination. Lighting, 
 paving, and draining were vested in the Commissioners, as well as the powers of the 
 Town Surveyor. A general assessment could be made, but not exceeding one shilling 
 in the pound of the annual value. Hobart Town Creek was declared to be a sewer. 
 
 3. Hobart Town and Launceston Municipal Councils Act 1852. This Act applied 
 equally to Hobart Town and to Launceston, and the Municipal Council consisted of 
 seven Aldermen, elected for two years. The qualifications for Aldermen were the 
 possession of real estate valued at not less than 500, or having an annual rateable value 
 of at least 50, but no person in holy orders, no regular minister, no officer of Customs, 
 and no person interested in a contract with the Council was eligible. The Mayor was 
 elected by the Aldermen for two years from among themselves. Until assessment rolls 
 were prepared all persons on the Electoral List were entitled to vote for Aldermen, and 
 thereafter a voter must be a male over 21 years of age occupying a house of the annual 
 value of at least 10, but his rates must have been paid ; and no alien could vote unless 
 he had letters of denization. One vote was allowed for an annual value of 10 and 
 under 50, two for 50 and under 100, three for 100 and under 200, and four for 
 200 and over. The Council could hold land, and was entrusted with the formation of 
 streets, lighting, paving, and the setting up of posts and rails. Town Surveyors and a 
 Director of Waterworks were to be appointed by the Council, in which the waterworks 
 were vested. The powers of the former Commissioners, and those of the Lieutenant- 
 Governor respecting markets, were transferred to the Council, and those of the Police 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 137 
 
 Magistrate under the Cab Act to the Mayor. Fares and licence fees were to be fixed by 
 the Council, and plans and specifications of works had to be submitted to the Director 
 of Public Works. By-laws had to be approved by the Legislative Council. Rates for 
 lighting, paving, and cleansing were to be fixed, either separately or generally, but the 
 total must not exceed one shilling in the pound of the annual value, and the 
 following were exempted from rating : (a) the property of Her Majesty and that used 
 for public purposes ; (&) buildings hired by Government for public purposes ; (c) hospitals ; 
 (d) benevolent asylums ; (e) buildings for charitable purposes ; (/) churches and chapels ; 
 and (g) schools receiving Government aid. The Council was empowered to borrow an 
 amount up to the average revenue from rates for two years. 
 
 In 1855 the Cab Act, which applied to Hobart Town and Launceston within a radius 
 of 5 miles from the Post Office, provided that cabs and drivers were to be licensed by 
 the Mayor, and the licence fees and fares fixed by the Council. 
 
 In 1857 the execution of the Common Lodging House Act 1854 was transferred from 
 the Police Magistrate to the Municipal Councils of Hobart Town and Launceston. 
 
 4. Hobart Town and Launceston Police Act 1857. The charge and control of the 
 police forces of the City of Hobart Town and Town of Launceston were vested in the 
 Municipal Councils, each of which was to appoint a Superintendent and a sufficient police 
 force. One moiety of all fines was to be paid into the Police Fund, as well as the 
 proceeds of a separate Police Rate, and the other moiety to the Police Reward and 
 Superannuation Fund. 
 
 5. Hobart Town Corporation Act 1857. The City of Hobart Town was incorporated 
 under the style of the " Mayor, Aldermen, and Citizens of the City of Hobart Town," and 
 the boundaries of the City were scheduled. A Citizen was defined as any male of the 
 age of 21 or over, whose name was on the roll as occupier of land or a building or of a 
 portion of a building of the annual value of at least 10, provided that, if he were an 
 alien, he had letters of denization. A citizen rated on an annual value of 10 and 
 under 50 had one vote, with an extra vote for each additional 50, up to seven votes 
 for 300 and over. 
 
 The Council consisted of nine Aldermen, including the Mayor, who was elected by the 
 Aldermen, three Aldermen retiring annually. Two Auditors were elected annually by 
 the Citizens. In order to qualify for the position of Alderman, a Citizen must have been 
 seised of real estate or possessed of chattels interest to the amount of 500, or assessed at 
 an annual value of 100 ; but no Judge, Chairman of Court of Justice, minister of religion, 
 person holding an office or place of profit under the Crown or under the Council, naval or 
 military officer on full pay, or person engaged in a contract with the Council was eligible 
 as Alderman. 
 
 Valuators were to be appointed to make each year an assessment of the annual value 
 of property. Rates were payable by the occupier, except on property under 20 in 
 annual value, when the owner paid them, and unoccupied property was not rateable. 
 The following properties were exempt from rating : (a) that occupied by Her Majesty ; 
 (6) buildings hired by the Government for public purposes ; (c) hospitals ; (d) benevolent 
 asylums ; (e) that used for charitable purposes ; and (/) churches and chapels. 
 
 The Council could borrow money on the mortgage of rates, but until the mortgage 
 was paid off it must continue the maximum amount of rate in operation at the time the 
 mortgage was effected. 
 
 Several amendments were made to this Act prior to its consolidation in 1893, of which 
 the following were the more important : (a) 1858. Certain lands were vested in the 
 Council for the purpose of erecting public slaughterhouses. The Council was empowered 
 to demise real estate for a period up to 21 years without the consent of the Governor. 
 The Mayor was to be a Justice of the Peace, (ft) 1859. The Government contribution 
 to the Municipal Fund for the maintenance of Police was fixed at the diiference between 
 the expenditure for the year, as certified by the Inspector, and the sum derived from a 
 police rate of sixpence in the pound, and from fines, penalties, and dog licences. 
 (c) 1867. The cost of paving footways was to be borne as to one-half by the owners of 
 lands abutting thereon, (d) 1869. The qualification of a Citizen was altered so that a 
 person on the roll assessed on an annual value of 8 and upwards could now vote ; the scale 
 of votes was also changed, a citizen assessed at 8 and under 40 having one vote, with an 
 additional vote for each additional 40 up to a maximum of seven votes for 240 and over. 
 
138 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 (e) 1876. Public libraries and museums and public schools under the Board of Education 
 were added to the list of properties exempted from rating. (/) 1881 . The nam e of Hobart 
 Town was changed to Hobart. (g) 1883. The Chairman of General Sessions was no 
 longer disqualified from acting as an Alderman, (h) 1888. The boundaries of the City 
 were redefined. 
 
 6. Hobart Town Improvement Act 1857. The Council was vested with the paving, 
 draining, cleansing, and lighting of the City of Hobart Town. Power was given to appoint 
 a City Surveyor and an Officer of Health. The formation, repair, and maintenance of 
 streets was also handed over to the Council, which was to water them and appoint 
 scavengers. Power was also given to prevent nuisances, to make common sewers, to 
 provide lamps, and to contract for lighting. The maximum amount of rates was not to 
 exceed one shilling and sixpence in the pound of annual value. This Act was repealed 
 by the Police Act 1865 (see page 147). 
 
 7. Hobart Town and Launceston Powers Act 1857. Butchers' and carters' licences 
 and licences for places of public entertainment were to be granted by the Mayor, while 
 the Council was to fix the fares for carters. Markets were vested in the Council. Copies 
 of standard weights and measures were to be deposited with the Council, and dogs were 
 to be registered with the Town Clerk. ' Part of this Act was repealed by the Police Act 
 1865, and the balance by the Hobart Corporation Act 1893. 
 
 8. Hobart Town Building Act 1858. This Act provided that all external walls were 
 to be built of incombustible materials. Penalties were fixed for stacking hay, making 
 fires in the open air, and similar dangerous proceedings. Notice of intention to build 
 was to be given to the Town Surveyor. 
 
 Further Building Regulations were issued in 1870. The Act was finalty repealed by 
 the Hobart Municipal Council Powers Act 1884, in which were incorporated similar pro- 
 visions and which was in turn repealed by the Hobart Building Act 1886, in so far as it 
 related to building regulations. 
 
 9. Hobart Building Act 1886. This Act applied to all new buildings, and made 
 regulations as to the heights and thicknesses of parapets, the construction of walls and 
 roofs, projections, dangerous buildings, party structures, and other matters. 
 
 In 1909 an amendment of this Act made provision for the erection of fire escapes in 
 certain buildings. 
 
 In 1918 this Act was repealed and replaced by one with similar provisions. 
 
 10. Hobart Corporation Act 1893. This Act consolidated and repealed all the previous 
 Acts and amendments relating to the Corporation of Hobart. The chief provisions, 
 however, were retained with slight alterations, the more important of which were the 
 following : Both males and females were qualified to be Citizens instead of males only 
 as heretofore. An assessment roll was to be made each year, as before ; but the annual 
 value of any land not having a building on it or not having a building, the capital value of 
 which exceeded one-fifth of the capital value of the land, was to be assessed at 5 per cent, 
 of the capital value thereof ; and tramways were to be assessed at 100 per mile, exclusive 
 of lands or buildings. The provisions regarding assessments were repealed by the 
 Assessment Act 1893. The Council might cause private streets to be constructed, the 
 outlay to be repaid by the owner, and might borrow up to 10,000 for the purpose. Power 
 was given to acquire land compulsorily, and to lease lands vested in the Corporation for a 
 period not exceeding 50 years, but not park lands, except under the authority of an Act 
 of Parliament. 
 
 This Act has been amended from time to time, and the following are among the more 
 important of these amendments : (a) 1895. The auditing of accounts was transferred 
 from the Auditors elected by the Citizens to the Auditor-General. Certain contracts 
 were specified which do not disqualify ths holder for the office of Alderman or Mayor. 
 (ft) 1896. Citizens whose names are on the assessment roll as owners are entitled to vote 
 in the same manner and to the same extent as occupiers, (c) 1898. The boundaries of 
 the City were redefined, (d) 1899. Power was granted to expend money on recreation 
 grounds and public reserves vested in the Council. The maximum amount of all rates 
 was raised from one shilling and sixpence to one shilling and ninepence in the pound of 
 the annual value. (e) 1901. The Council was authorized to establish saleyards. 
 (/) 1906. Citizens absent for a distance of over 7 miles from the Town Hall, and those pre- 
 vented by serious illness or infirmity, were permitted to apply within twenty days prior to an 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 139 
 
 election to the Town Clerk for a postal vote certificate, and vote through the post instead 
 of in person, (g) 1907. The Towns of Glebe Town, Wellington, and Mount Stuart wore 
 united with the City of Hobart. (Ji) 1912. The Council was authorized to purchase the 
 Hobart Tramways Company's undertaking at any time at a price to be mutually agreed 
 upon, (i) 1913. The Council was given control of the City recreation grounds, and was 
 authorized to levy a rate for their upkeep not exceeding one penny in the pound of the 
 annual value. The Municipality of Queenborough was united with the City of Hobart, 
 the boundaries of the City were defined afresh, and the number of Aldermen was increased 
 to eleven. The City Engineer was appointed to take over the powers of the City Surveyor, 
 the Director of Waterworks, the Superintendent or Engineer under the Hobart Light Act, 
 the Surveyor under the Public Health and Police Acts, and the Engineer under the 
 Sewerage Act. Provision was also made that no person should be entitled to be a Citizen 
 if his property were assessed at an annual value of less than 5, unless he resided in a 
 house thereon, and that the scale of voting should be as follows : 
 
 Annual Value of Property 
 
 Under 50. 
 
 50 and under 
 100. 
 
 100 and under 
 150. 
 
 150 and over. 
 
 Number of votes 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 The qualification for a Councillor was reduced, as far as occupiers were concerned, 
 from 100 to 50 annual value. 
 
 11. Hobart Light Act 1896. For the purpose of supplying electric light and power, 
 the Council was authorized to divert water, construct works, acquire land compulsorily 
 or otherwise, and lay mains. Electricity might be supplied to places beyond the City. 
 A lighting rate could be struck, but must not exceed tenpence in the pound of the assessed 
 value of every house, building, or other premises within the City. Borrowing powers 
 up to 50,000 were granted. Before construction, a poll of the Citizens was to be taken, 
 and, if a majority of two-thirds of the votes were not cast in favour of the proposition, 
 the scheme was to lapse. 
 
 12. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following tables give (a) the area and annual 
 value of the City of Hobart for the years 1866 to 1916, the outstanding loans for the 
 years 1875 to 1916, the numbers of properties rated from 1884 to 1907, the number of 
 inhabited dwellings from 1908 to 1916, and the estimated population from 1908 to 1916 ; 
 and (b) the revenue and expenditure for the years 1854 to 1916 : 
 
 TASMANIA. CITY OF HOBART. AREA, POPULATION, ANNUAL VALUE, AND 
 OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1866 TO 1916. 
 
 Year ending 
 31 at December. 
 
 Area. 
 
 Estimated 
 Population. 
 
 Number of 
 Properties 
 rated. 
 
 Annual Value. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 1866 .. 
 
 1,270 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
 96,263 
 
 . . 
 
 1867 
 
 1,270 
 
 . . 
 
 e 
 
 96,000 
 
 . . 
 
 1868 
 
 1,270 
 
 . . 
 
 m 
 
 96,764 
 
 . . 
 
 1869 
 
 1,270 
 
 . . 
 
 , . 
 
 95,595 
 
 . . 
 
 1870 
 
 1,270 
 
 . . 
 
 
 94,000 
 
 . . 
 
 1871 
 
 1,270 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 96,000 
 
 . . 
 
 1872 
 
 1,270 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 96,000 
 
 . . 
 
 1873 
 
 1,270 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 97,000 
 
 . . 
 
 1874 
 
 1,270 
 
 
 
 99,000 
 
 
 1875 
 
 1,270 
 
 
 
 99,500 
 
 89,235 
 
 1876 
 
 1,270 
 
 
 
 103,500 
 
 92,260 
 
 1877 
 
 1,270 
 
 
 
 106,500 
 
 93,000 
 
 1878 
 
 1,270 
 
 
 
 108,000 
 
 94,750 
 
 1879 
 
 1,270 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
 110,000 
 
 89,626 
 
 1880 
 
 1,270 
 
 . . 
 
 
 110,800 
 
 105,484 
 
 1881 
 
 1,270 
 
 
 
 111,600 
 
 116,291 
 
140 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 TASMANIA. CITY OF HOBART. AREA, POPULATION, ANNUAL VALUE, 
 AND OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1866 TO 1916 continued. 
 
 Year ending 
 31st December. 
 
 Area. 
 
 Estimated 
 Population. 
 
 Number of 
 Properties 
 rated.* 
 
 Annual Value. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 1882 . . 
 
 1,270 
 
 . . 
 
 
 112,429 
 
 131,364 
 
 1883 
 
 ,270 
 
 . . 
 
 % 
 
 116,443 
 
 147,000 
 
 1884 
 
 ,270 
 
 . . 
 
 4,900 
 
 150,697 
 
 151,586 
 
 1885 
 
 ,270 
 
 . . 
 
 4,960 
 
 156,675 
 
 163,361 
 
 1886 
 
 ,270 
 
 
 5,057 
 
 160,884 
 
 177,011 
 
 1887 
 
 ,270 
 
 . . 
 
 5,124 
 
 162,859 
 
 185,311 
 
 1888 
 
 ,270 
 
 . . 
 
 5,183 
 
 165,504 
 
 225,150 
 
 1889 
 
 ,270 
 
 . . 
 
 5,318 
 
 167,988 
 
 213,350 
 
 1890 
 
 ,270 
 
 
 5,343 
 
 170,481 
 
 260,350 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 ,270 
 
 
 5,461 
 
 174,950 
 
 256,050 
 
 1892 
 
 1,270 
 
 . . 
 
 5,881 
 
 180,716 
 
 237,560 
 
 1893 
 
 1,270 
 
 . . 
 
 5,694 
 
 185,396 
 
 233,350 
 
 1894 
 
 1,270 
 
 
 5,668 
 
 186,263 
 
 231,000 
 
 1895 
 
 1,270 
 
 
 5,738 
 
 183,589 
 
 231,000 
 
 1896 
 
 1,270 
 
 
 5,755 
 
 178,012 
 
 231,000 
 
 1897 
 
 1,270 
 
 
 5,756 
 
 175,423 
 
 231,000 
 
 1898 
 
 1,270 
 
 . 
 
 5,746 
 
 175,485 
 
 231,000 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 1,270 
 
 . . 
 
 5,729 
 
 178,695 
 
 231,000 
 
 1900 
 
 1,273 
 
 . . 
 
 5,712 
 
 173,565 
 
 234,100 
 
 1901 
 
 1,273 
 
 
 5,728 
 
 173,813 
 
 249,900 
 
 1902 
 
 1,273 
 
 
 5,731 
 
 175,194 
 
 244,750 
 
 1903 
 
 1,273 
 
 
 5,662 
 
 179,000 
 
 240,500 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 1,273 
 
 . . 
 
 5,771 
 
 188,574 
 
 236,600 
 
 1905 
 
 1,273 
 
 . . 
 
 . 5,821 
 
 197,000 
 
 233,500 
 
 1906 
 
 1,273 
 
 . . 
 
 5,963 
 
 198,000 
 
 233,900 
 
 1907 
 
 1,273 
 
 
 5,984 
 
 207,800 
 
 242,050 
 
 1908 
 
 2,680 
 
 29,293 
 
 5,326 
 
 223,700 
 
 262,050 
 
 1909 
 
 2,680- 
 
 29,293 
 
 5,326 
 
 228,690 
 
 284,985 
 
 1910 
 
 2,680 
 
 27,719 
 
 5,424 
 
 245,923 
 
 264,935 
 
 1911 
 
 2,680 
 
 27,709 
 
 5,486 
 
 253,792 
 
 278,460 
 
 1911 
 
 2,680 
 
 27,709 
 
 5,515 
 
 264,144 
 
 288,460 
 
 1913 
 
 2,680 
 
 27,709 
 
 5,742 
 
 277,643 
 
 760,260 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 13,248 
 
 31,943 
 
 5,742 
 
 308,112 
 
 551,442 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 13,248 
 
 31,914 
 
 5,792 
 
 325,000 
 
 655,470 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 13,248 
 
 31,843 
 
 5,941 
 
 352,000 
 
 932,250 
 
 * From 1908 inclusive the figures in this column relate to inhabited dwellings. 
 TASMANIA. CITY OF HOBART. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1854 TO 1916. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1854 
 
 11,191 
 
 9,193 
 
 2,817 
 
 23,201 
 
 
 
 
 17,777 
 
 1855 
 
 8,533 
 
 2,009 
 
 8,939 
 
 19,481 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 18,986 
 
 1856 
 
 9,796 
 
 4,681 
 
 3,239 
 
 17,716 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 15,945 
 
 1857 
 
 8,663 
 
 3,819 
 
 2,849 
 
 15,331 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 15,838 
 
 1858 
 
 9,207 
 
 1,568 
 
 3,881 
 
 14,656 
 
 
 
 
 17,165 
 
 1859 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . 
 
 24,539 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 24,598 
 
 1860 
 
 13,223 
 
 3,104 
 
 4,209 
 
 20,536 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 24,874 
 
 1861 
 
 15,146 
 
 3,537 
 
 33,447 
 
 52,130 
 
 
 
 
 43,371 
 
 1862 
 
 14,574 
 
 1,537 
 
 19,369 
 
 35,480 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 44,129 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 HI 
 
 TASMANIA. CITY OF HOBART. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1854 TO 
 
 1916 continued. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1863 
 
 15,014 
 
 ,537 
 
 12,209 
 
 28,760 
 
 
 
 27,515 
 
 1864 
 
 15,030 
 
 ,537 
 
 15,387 
 
 31,954 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
 . . 
 
 33,500 
 
 1865 
 
 14,716 
 
 2,000 
 
 9,278 
 
 25,994 
 
 
 
 
 33,138 
 
 1866 
 
 12,587 
 
 ,977 
 
 6,074 
 
 20,638 
 
 2,200 
 
 19,652 
 
 5,958 
 
 27,810 
 
 1867 
 
 13,912 
 
 ,977 
 
 11,573 
 
 27,462 
 
 1,374 
 
 19,007 
 
 1,172 
 
 21,553 
 
 1868 
 
 14,741 
 
 ,268 
 
 7,707 
 
 23,716 
 
 1,387 
 
 21,002 
 
 1,048 
 
 23,437 
 
 18C9 
 
 14,891 
 
 ,217 
 
 3,463 
 
 19,571 
 
 1,655 
 
 16,106 
 
 1,182 
 
 18,945 
 
 1870 
 
 14,585 
 
 ,184 
 
 4,156 
 
 19,925 
 
 1,739 
 
 16,977 
 
 1,181 
 
 19,897 
 
 1871 
 
 15,204 
 
 ,217 
 
 3,733 
 
 20,154 
 
 1,793 
 
 17,037 
 
 1,181 
 
 20,011 
 
 1872 
 
 14,847 
 
 ,100 
 
 4,626 
 
 20,573 
 
 1,878 
 
 19,382 
 
 1,202 
 
 22,462 
 
 1873 
 
 15,517 
 
 ,137 
 
 6,600 
 
 23,254 
 
 1,834 
 
 19,851 
 
 1,198 
 
 22,883 
 
 1874 
 
 '15,769 
 
 ,202 
 
 6,613 
 
 23,584 
 
 1,837 
 
 21,125 
 
 1,264 
 
 24,226 
 
 1875 
 
 15,788 
 
 ,620 
 
 4,448 
 
 21,856 
 
 1,792 
 
 16,771 
 
 5,128 
 
 23,691 
 
 1876 
 
 16,844 
 
 ,360 
 
 15,828 
 
 34,032 
 
 1,984 
 
 26,139 
 
 5,118 
 
 33,241 
 
 1877 
 
 18,747 
 
 600 
 
 17,470 
 
 36,817 
 
 1,985 
 
 16,565 
 
 18,832 
 
 37,382 
 
 1878 
 
 18,734 
 
 1,439 
 
 9,538 
 
 29,711 
 
 2,065 
 
 22,918 
 
 5,319 
 
 30,302 
 
 1879 
 
 19,070 
 
 ,040 
 
 11,954 
 
 32,064 
 
 2,974 
 
 28,002 
 
 5,214 
 
 36,190 
 
 1880 
 
 19,349 
 
 2,413 
 
 25,800 
 
 47,562 
 
 3,010 
 
 32,112 
 
 5,765 
 
 40,887 
 
 1881 
 
 19,340 
 
 2,071 
 
 23,259 
 
 44,670 
 
 2,980 
 
 28,777 
 
 11,969 
 
 43,726 
 
 1882 
 
 19,634 
 
 1,681 
 
 25,816 
 
 47,131 
 
 2,908 
 
 20,067 
 
 26,320 
 
 49,295 
 
 1883 
 
 19,972 
 
 3,536 
 
 34,433 
 
 57,941 
 
 2,196 
 
 27,047 
 
 30,986 
 
 60,229 
 
 1884 
 
 24,855 
 
 19,880 
 
 11,520 
 
 56,255 
 
 2,642 
 
 25,354 
 
 28,726 
 
 56,722 
 
 1885 
 
 26,750 
 
 13,285 
 
 19,218 
 
 59,253 
 
 3,850 
 
 23,494 
 
 31,372 
 
 58,716 
 
 1886 
 
 27,023 
 
 3,611 
 
 32,958 
 
 63,592 
 
 4,033 
 
 20,772 
 
 36,541 
 
 61,346 
 
 1887 
 
 27,874 
 
 5,565 
 
 28,719 
 
 62,158 
 
 4,676 
 
 33,752 
 
 25,383 
 
 63,811 
 
 1888 
 
 30,559 
 
 10,014 
 
 21,145 
 
 61,718 
 
 4,600 
 
 24,733 
 
 40,606 
 
 69,939 
 
 1889 
 
 31,508 
 
 5,466 
 
 21,961 
 
 58,935 
 
 3,324 
 
 15,655 
 
 44,448 
 
 63,427 
 
 1890 
 
 32,453 
 
 5,131 
 
 28,538 
 
 66,122 
 
 4,701 
 
 19,248 
 
 36,604 
 
 60,553 
 
 1891 
 
 33,507 
 
 5,665 
 
 11,367 
 
 50,539 
 
 3,828 
 
 13,651 
 
 33,104 
 
 50,583 
 
 1892 
 
 36,053 
 
 3,500 
 
 52,189 
 
 91,742 
 
 5,209 
 
 39,503 
 
 45,578 
 
 90,290 
 
 1893 
 
 34,701 
 
 1,286 
 
 17,734 
 
 53,721 
 
 5,603 
 
 20,905 
 
 33,843 
 
 60,351 
 
 1894 
 
 35,611 
 
 6,590 
 
 31,441 
 
 73,642 
 
 4,564 
 
 26,252 
 
 42,454 
 
 73,270 
 
 1895 
 
 36,957 
 
 1,630 
 
 11,325 
 
 49,912 
 
 4,688 
 
 17,291 
 
 22,810 
 
 44,789 
 
 1896 
 
 36,006 
 
 1,000 
 
 4,032 
 
 41,038 
 
 3,906 
 
 9,375 
 
 28,403 
 
 41,684 
 
 1897 
 
 37,071 
 
 . . 
 
 6,312 
 
 43,383 
 
 3,913 
 
 10,438 
 
 29,677 
 
 44,028 
 
 1898 
 
 33,360 
 
 
 10,241 
 
 43,601 
 
 3,863 
 
 12,149 
 
 27,618 
 
 43,.630 
 
 1899 
 
 31,899 
 
 
 6,258 
 
 38,157 
 
 4,255 
 
 10,967 
 
 21,365 
 
 36,587 
 
 1900 
 
 33,157 
 
 i,2ie 
 
 7,875 
 
 42,248 
 
 4,177 
 
 22,106 
 
 21,503 
 
 47,786 
 
 1901 
 
 36,645 
 
 1,478 
 
 22,765 
 
 60,888 
 
 4,489 
 
 32,035 
 
 23,352 
 
 59,876 
 
 1902 
 
 36,490 
 
 2,536 
 
 12,375 
 
 51,401 
 
 4,496 
 
 16,771 
 
 28,576 
 
 49,843 
 
 1903 
 
 35,617 
 
 500 
 
 17,052 
 
 53,169 
 
 4,200 
 
 15,931 
 
 31,622 
 
 51,753 
 
 1904 
 
 38,835 
 
 
 11,504 
 
 50,339 
 
 4,056 
 
 12,402 
 
 28,872 
 
 45,330 
 
 1905 
 
 38,119 
 
 
 10,192 
 
 48,311 
 
 4,400 
 
 15,479 
 
 30,534 
 
 50,413 
 
 1906 
 
 40,085 
 
 . . 
 
 11,646 
 
 51,731 
 
 3,620 
 
 14,558 
 
 37,770 
 
 55,948 
 
 1907 
 
 38,806 
 
 . . 
 
 22,727 
 
 61,533 
 
 4,864 
 
 19,652 
 
 37,567 
 
 62,083 
 
 1908 
 
 41,674 
 
 13,000 
 
 25,524 
 
 80,198 
 
 5,579 
 
 26,865 
 
 53,827 
 
 86,271 
 
 1909 
 
 44,081 
 
 22,662 
 
 6,993 
 
 73,736 
 
 5,667 
 
 13,647 
 
 50,851 
 
 70,165 
 
 1910 
 
 41,916 
 
 
 17,511 
 
 59,427 
 
 4,938 
 
 24,131 
 
 31,175 
 
 60,244 
 
 1911 
 
 43,325 
 
 
 20,792 
 
 64,117 
 
 5,310 
 
 20,029 
 
 29,027 
 
 54,366 
 
 1912 
 
 45,744 
 
 
 21,418 
 
 67,162 
 
 5,572 
 
 34,141 
 
 25,803 
 
 65,516 
 
 1913 
 
 57,343 
 
 
 24,851 
 
 82,194 
 
 12,166 
 
 35,406 
 
 40,503 
 
 88,075 
 
 1914 
 
 60,444 
 
 
 67,708 
 
 128,152 
 
 6,359 
 
 51,328 
 
 54,359 
 
 112,046 
 
 1915 
 
 62,060 
 
 sie 
 
 53,297 
 
 116,173 
 
 6,905 
 
 29,847 
 
 101,014* 
 
 137,766 
 
 1916 
 
 61,417 
 
 244 
 
 97,837 
 
 159,498 
 
 10,192 
 
 108,070 
 
 133,747* 
 
 252,009 
 
 * Including 60,807 on trams. 
 NOTB. The details of expenditure from 1882 to 1909 are approximate only. 
 
142 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 13. Hobart Tramways. The first tramways in Hcbart were constructed by a 
 private company, which was bought -out by the Corporation in 1913. 
 
 (i) Hobart Tramway Company. Under a Private Act passed in 1884 the Hobart 
 Tramway Company was authorized to construct and work tramways in Hobart, but 
 a reservation was made by which the Minister of Lands and Works could, with the 
 approval of the Governor in Council, purchase them upon giving six months' notice, 
 the price to be ascertained by arbitration in the event of failure to arrive at an agreement. 
 
 (ii) Hobart Corporation Tramway Act 1912. By this Act the Corporation of the 
 City of Hobart was authorized to purchase the -undertaking of the Hobart Tramway 
 Company at a price to be mutually agreed upon, but a poll of the citizens must be taken 
 first. The Corporation was empowered to borrow up to 300,000 for the purpose of 
 purchasing and extending the tramways, and to levy a rate to make good any deficiency 
 in the tramway accounts. The purchase was completed in 1913, and the management 
 has since been in the hands of the Corporation. 
 
 (iii) Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following table shows the route mileage, cost 
 of construction, revenue and expenditure of the Hobart Tramways under the manage- 
 ment of the Company from 1893 to 1912, and under that of the Corporation of the City 
 of Hobart from 1913 to 1916 : 
 
 TASMANIA. HOBART TRAMWAYS. MILEAGE, COST, REVENUE, AND 
 EXPENDITURE, 1893 TO 1916. 
 
 Year ending 
 31st December. 
 
 Route Mileage. 
 
 . Cost of 
 Construction. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Working 
 Expenses. 
 
 UNDER THE MANAGEMENT OF THE PRIVATE COMPANY. 
 
 
 
 
 Miles. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1893 
 
 . 
 
 
 9 
 
 90,000 
 
 4,155 
 
 3,400 
 
 1894 
 
 . 
 
 
 9 
 
 90,000 
 
 14,112 
 
 10,827 
 
 1895 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 > 90,000 
 
 13,104 
 
 9,187 
 
 1896 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 90,000 
 
 12,052 
 
 8,511 
 
 1897 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 90,000 
 
 12,206 
 
 8,562 
 
 1898 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 90,000 
 
 12,459 
 
 8,940 
 
 1899 
 
 , 
 
 
 9 
 
 90,000 
 
 13,450 
 
 10,153 
 
 1900 
 
 . 
 
 
 9 
 
 90,000 
 
 14,511 
 
 10,714 
 
 1901 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 90,000 
 
 16,097 
 
 11,494 
 
 1902 
 
 t 
 
 
 9 
 
 90,000 
 
 17,802 
 
 12,900 
 
 1903 
 
 m 
 
 
 9 
 
 90,000 
 
 18,327 
 
 12,519 
 
 1904 
 
 j 
 
 
 9 
 
 90,000 
 
 19,855 
 
 10,906 
 
 1905 
 
 . 
 
 
 9 
 
 90,000 
 
 20,559 
 
 11,260 
 
 1906 
 
 . 
 
 
 9 
 
 90,000 
 
 20,208 
 
 15,630 
 
 1907 
 
 . 
 
 
 9 
 
 90,000 
 
 24,421 
 
 13,635 
 
 1908 
 
 ; 
 
 
 9 
 
 90,000 
 
 25,419 
 
 12,803 
 
 1909 
 
 . 
 
 
 9 
 
 91,000 
 
 26,128 
 
 15,683 
 
 1910 
 
 j 
 
 
 9 
 
 100,500 
 
 29,500 
 
 17,000 
 
 1911 
 
 . 
 
 
 9 
 
 101,735 
 
 32,393 
 
 19,550 
 
 1912 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 92,000 
 
 36,688 
 
 21,477 
 
 UNDER THE MANAGEMENT OF THE CITY CORPORATION. 
 
 1913 
 
 w 
 
 219,424 
 
 40,132 
 
 23,727 
 
 1914 
 
 U* 
 
 243,637 
 
 47,251 
 
 23,644 
 
 1915 
 
 13 
 
 261,000 
 
 48,853 
 
 31,754 
 
 1916 
 
 13 
 
 279,400 
 
 51,803 
 
 30,100 
 
 (L) City of Launceston. 
 
 1. Police Act 1838. This Act applied also to Hobart Town, and details thereof 
 have already been given (see page 136). 
 
 2. Hobart Town and Launceston Municipal Councils Act 1852. Particulars of this 
 Act have already been given in connexion with the City of Hobart Town (see page 136). 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 143 
 
 3. Launceston Building Act 1853. Under this Act external walls were to be con- 
 structed of brick, stone, or iron. 
 
 4. Launceston Building Act 18S4. This Act repealed the previous one and classified 
 buildings, fixing the thickness of their walls, tl)e materials for construction, and other 
 matters. It was replaced by a fresh Act in 1869. 
 
 5. Hobart Town and Launceston Police Act 1857. This Act has already been 
 mentioned (see page 137). 
 
 6. Hobart Town and Launceston Powers Act 1857. Already described (see page 138). 
 
 7. Launceston Corporation Act 1858. Under this Act the Town of Launceston was 
 incorporated under the title of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses of the Town of 
 Launceston, and the boundaries were defined. In all respects as to the qualification of 
 Burgesses and Aldermen, the voting power of Burgesses, and other matters, the pro- 
 visions of this Act were the same as those in the Hobart Town Corporation Act 1857 
 (see page 137). 
 
 8. Launceston Improvement Act 1858. Under this Act the paving, draining 
 cleansing and lighting of the City was vested in the Council, together with the con- 
 struction, repair, and maintenance of streets, pavements, and other public places. 
 Streets were to be watered, scavengers to be appointed, and nuisances prevented. 
 Power was given to appoint a Town Surveyor and a Health Officer; also to make 
 common sewers, provide lamps, contract for lighting, build a Town Hall, make by-laws, 
 and levy rates not exceeding one shilling and sixpence on the annual value. This Act 
 was repealed by the Police Act 1865 (see page 147). 
 
 9. Amendments of the Launceston Corporation Act 1858. This Act was amended 
 from time to time, and was finally consolidated by the Launceston Corporation Act 1894. 
 The following are particulars of the more important amendments : (a) 1859. The 
 Council was empowered to borrow on the mortgage of rates, other than police and water 
 rates, up to a sum equal to the average revenue for two years. The contribution of 
 the Government for police purposes was fixed at a sum equal to the difference between 
 the annual expenditure, as certified by the Police Inspector, and the amount derived 
 from a police rate of sixpence in the pound of the annual value ; and from fines, 
 penalties, and dog licences. (6) 1863. The Council was empowered to farm fees fron* 
 market tolls, &c., for a period not exceeding three years, (c) 1863. Owners of 
 property of the assessed annual value of less than 20 were permitted to vote, although 
 their rates may not have been paid. (d) 1869. The minimum amount of annual 
 valuation entitling a Burgess to vote was reduced to 8, and the scale of votes altered 
 to one vote for an annual value of 8 to 40, with an extra vote for every 40 
 additional, up to a maximum of seven votes for 240 and upwards, (e) Launceston 
 Paving Act 1869. Half the expense of paving footpaths was to be borne by the owners 
 of abutting lands. (/) Launceston Noxious Trades Act 1874. This Act contained 
 regulations for, and provision for the inspection of, noxious trades, (g) 1888. 
 Launceston was proclaimed a City, (h) 1892. The Council could cause private streets 
 to be constructed at the cost of the owners. 
 
 10. Launceston Corporation Act 1894. This Act consolidated the provisions of 
 former Acts and repealed the Acts themselves. It contained very few fresh provisions, 
 the more important alterations being that a Burgess could now be either a male or a 
 female, the qualification of an Alderman was reduced from 100 to 50 of the assessment 
 on the annual value, the maximum amount of rates was fixed at one shilling and sixpence 
 in the pound of the annual value, and separate local rates were not to exceed one shilling 
 and sixpence in the pound on the annual value, or one penny in the pound on the capital 
 value. 
 
 11. Amendments of the Launceston Corporation Act 1894. The following are the 
 more important -amendments to this Act: (a) 1895. Accounts are to be audited 
 by the Auditor-General instead of by Auditors elected by the Burgesses. (&) 1900. 
 Where rates are payable by the owner of any property the occupier is entitled to vote, 
 although the rates have not been paid. Owners are entitled to vote as well as occupiers. 
 The scale of votes was altered so that a voter assessed on an annual value of 8 and 
 under 30 was entitled to one vote, on 30 and under 60 to two, on 60 and under 100 
 to three, on 100 and under 150 to four, and on 150 and upwards to five votes, 
 (c) 1902. The jurisdiction of the Launceston Local Board of Health was extended 
 
144 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 to Lawrence Vale, and the maximum amount of health rate was fixed at one shilling 
 in the pound of the annual value, (d) The valuation of tramways for rating purposes 
 was fixed at an annual value of 100 and a capital value of 1,000 per mile. 
 (e) Greater Launceston Act 1907. The Towns of Invermay and Trevallyn were 
 included within the boundaries of the City of Launceston. (/) 1907. Regulations 
 could be made regarding the sale of fish, and the Council was empowered to erect 
 freezing works, to purchase land outside the City, and to establish sports grounds. 
 (g) 1908. The regulation and licensing of hawkers within the City was vested in the 
 Council, which also had power to make common sewers and to compel owners to con- 
 struct drains connected with them. (h) 1918. Voting by post authorized. The 
 non-payment of rates does not hinder a Citizen from voting. If there are more 
 than three candidates for Mayor the ones with the lowest number of votes are with- 
 drawn until only two are left, a fresh -ballot is then made of these two, and, if the 
 voting is equal, lots are drawn. The maximum amount of all rates is raised to two 
 shillings in the pound on the annual value. The annual value of rateable property 
 is to be not less than 5 per cent, of the capital value. If rates are paid within three 
 months and fourteen days of the date of their falling due a discount of 2 per cent, 
 is allowed. 
 
 12. Launceston Building Act 1894. This Act, which extended to all places within 
 the limits of the City of Launceston, contained provisions relating to the regulation 
 and supervision of buildings, to dangerous structures, to party structures, and other 
 matters connected with buildings. 
 
 13. Launceston Water and Light Act 1895. Under this Act the Corporation was 
 empowered to divert the waters of the Saint Patrick's and South Esk Rivers for the 
 purpose of supplying water or electricity, or both. The Council was authorized to 
 supply electricity within and beyond the City, to fix a lighting rate not exceeding 
 tenpence in the pound of the annual value in respect of buildings within the City, and to 
 borrow up to 50,000. Further loans were authorized from time to time. The pro- 
 visions of this Act regarding water supply are dealt with under the heading of the 
 Launceston Water Supply (see page 209). 
 
 * 14. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following tables shew (a) the area and annual 
 value of the City of Launceston for the years 1866 to 1916, the outstanding loans for 
 the years 1875 to 1916, the number of properties rated from 1884 to 1907, and the 
 estimated population and. number of inhabited dwellings from 1908 to 1916 ; and 
 (6) the revenue and expenditure for the years 1854 to 1916 : 
 
 TASMANIA. CITY OF LAUNCESTON. AREA, POPULATION, NUMBER OF 
 DWELLINGS, ANNUAL VALUE, AND OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1866 TO 1916. 
 
 Year ending 
 31st December. 
 
 Area. 
 
 Estimated 
 Population. 
 
 Number of 
 Properties 
 rated. 
 
 Annual Value. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1866 . . 
 
 3,440 
 
 , . 
 
 
 74,600 
 
 
 1867 .. .. 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 . . 
 
 71,151 
 
 
 1868 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 
 72,080 
 
 
 1869 
 
 3,440 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 62,911 
 
 
 1870 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 
 63,078 
 
 
 1871 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 . . 
 
 64,111 
 
 
 1872 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 . . 
 
 63,376 
 
 
 1873 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 f 
 
 63,376 
 
 
 1874 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 . 
 
 62,559 
 
 
 1875 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 
 63,129 
 
 51,976 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 
 66,605 
 
 65,876 
 
 1877 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 e 
 
 68,179 
 
 73,466 
 
 1878 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 
 72,336 
 
 77,866 
 
 1879 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 
 74,300 
 
 90,216 
 
 1880 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 
 84,684 
 
 93,506 
 
 1881 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 
 88,138 
 
 93,206 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 145 
 
 TASMANIA. CITY OF LAUNCESTON. AREA, POPULATION, NUMBER OF 
 DWELLINGS, ANNUAL VALUE, ETC., 1866 TO 1916 continued. 
 
 Year ending 
 31st December. 
 
 Area. 
 
 Estimated 
 Population. 
 
 Number of 
 Properties 
 rated.* 
 
 Annual Value. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 
 Acres. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1882 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 
 98,960 
 
 96,986 
 
 1883 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 
 107,895 
 
 97,966 
 
 1884 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 2,980 
 
 109,038 
 
 108,096 
 
 1885 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 3,331 
 
 106,750 
 
 119,880 
 
 1886 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 3,453 
 
 111,747 
 
 120,376 
 
 1887 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 3,514 
 
 115,081 
 
 188,930 
 
 1888 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 3,680 
 
 120,529 
 
 179,530 
 
 1889 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 3,770 
 
 127,515 
 
 157,600 
 
 1890 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 3,770 
 
 132,653 
 
 154,950 
 
 1891 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 4,007 
 
 135,168 
 
 155,950 
 
 1892 
 
 3,440 
 
 . . 
 
 4,130 
 
 140,253 
 
 165,300 
 
 1893 
 
 3,440 
 
 . . 
 
 4,200 
 
 143,775 
 
 169,706 
 
 1894 
 
 3,440 
 
 . . 
 
 4,291 
 
 . 136,240 
 
 173,938 
 
 1895 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 4,245 
 
 132,010 
 
 213,902 
 
 1896 
 
 3,440 
 
 
 4,260 
 
 128,372 
 
 244,502 
 
 1897 
 
 3,440 
 
 . . 
 
 4,275 
 
 125,591 
 
 251,602 
 
 1898 
 
 3,440 
 
 . . 
 
 4,271 
 
 125,498 
 
 263,702 
 
 1899 
 
 3,440 
 
 . . 
 
 4,275 
 
 125,498 
 
 271,752 
 
 1900 
 
 3,343 
 
 
 4,348 
 
 126,470 
 
 281,152 
 
 1901 
 
 3,343 
 
 . . 
 
 4,347 
 
 128,434 
 
 283,936 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 3,343 
 
 . . 
 
 4,373 
 
 130,207 
 
 295,136 
 
 1903 
 
 3,343 
 
 . . 
 
 4,451 
 
 133,000 
 
 293,526 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 3,343 
 
 . . 
 
 4,481 
 
 138,809 
 
 314,133 
 
 1905 
 
 3,343 
 
 . . 
 
 4,577 
 
 142,642 
 
 342,651 
 
 1906 
 
 3,343 
 
 . . 
 
 4,675 
 
 147,000 
 
 342,651 
 
 1907 
 
 3,343 
 
 
 4,831 
 
 151,734 
 
 358,619 
 
 1908 
 
 5,700 
 
 2l',778 
 
 4,018 
 
 169,039 
 
 358,529 
 
 1909 
 
 5,700 
 
 21,770 
 
 4,018 
 
 169,039 
 
 393,763 
 
 1910 
 
 5,700 
 
 20,838 
 
 4,083 
 
 170,808 
 
 393,763 
 
 1911 
 
 5,700 
 
 20,838 
 
 4,165 
 
 172,953 
 
 432,119 
 
 1912 
 
 5,700 
 
 21,203 
 
 4,134 
 
 176,118 
 
 447,378 
 
 1913 
 
 5,700 
 
 21,409 
 
 4,218 
 
 178,581 
 
 457,394 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 5,700 
 
 21,399 
 
 4,359 
 
 182,148 
 
 453,758 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 5,700 
 
 21,391 
 
 4,434 
 
 182,148 
 
 488,788 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 5,700 
 
 21,256 
 
 4,434 
 
 185,781 
 
 571,515 
 
 The figures for 1908 and subsequent years relate to inhabited dwellings. 
 
 TASMANIA. CITY OF LAUNCESTON. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1854 TO 1916. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. . 
 
 December. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Rates. 
 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1854 
 
 3,098 
 
 2,705 
 
 1,520 
 
 7,323 
 
 
 
 
 5,762 
 
 1855 
 
 3,063 
 
 1,744 
 
 1,744 
 
 6,551 
 
 
 
 
 5,569 
 
 1856 
 
 3,416 
 
 1,775 
 
 476 
 
 5,667 
 
 
 
 
 5,777 
 
 1857 
 
 3,374 
 
 2,000 
 
 410 
 
 5,784 
 
 
 
 
 6,720 
 
 1858 
 
 3,939 
 
 500 
 
 1,033 
 
 5,472 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 5,615 
 
 1859 
 
 8,779 
 
 6,384 
 
 6,833 
 
 21,996 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 20,476 
 
 1860 
 
 8,594 
 
 3,425 
 
 26,254 
 
 38,273 
 
 
 
 
 34,664 
 
 1861 
 
 9,341 
 
 2,180 
 
 10,709 
 
 22,230 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 24,434 
 
146 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 TASMANIA. CITY OF LAUNCESTON. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1854 TO 1916 continued. 
 
 Year ending 31st 
 December. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Ldminis- 
 ;ration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1862 
 
 9,646 
 
 4,360 
 
 8,443 
 
 22,449 
 
 
 
 
 21,644 
 
 1863 
 
 8,878 
 
 1,090 
 
 7,010 
 
 1-6,978 
 
 
 
 
 20,791 
 
 1864 
 
 8,966 
 
 2,347 
 
 6,370 
 
 17,683 
 
 
 
 
 18,534 
 
 1865 
 
 8,626 
 
 2,888 
 
 7,450 
 
 18,964 
 
 
 
 
 20,414 
 
 1866 
 
 8,209 
 
 1,217 
 
 2,536 
 
 11,962 
 
 ,290 
 
 7,895 
 
 3,070 
 
 12,255 
 
 1867 *. . 
 
 8,159 
 
 2,017 
 
 2,392 
 
 12,568 
 
 ,160 
 
 8,431 
 
 2,288 
 
 11,879 
 
 1868 
 
 8,758 
 
 400 
 
 3,516 
 
 12,674 
 
 ,160 
 
 8,793 
 
 2,197 
 
 12,150 
 
 1869 
 
 8,185 
 
 300 
 
 3,580 
 
 12,065 
 
 ,380 
 
 9,084 
 
 2,265 
 
 12,729 
 
 1870 
 
 8,861 
 
 602 
 
 3,774 
 
 13,237 
 
 ,127 
 
 9,242 
 
 2,328 
 
 12,697 
 
 1871 
 
 8,535 
 
 502 
 
 2,978 
 
 12,015 
 
 1,178 
 
 8,548 
 
 2,335 
 
 12,061 
 
 1872 
 
 8,490 
 
 785 
 
 2,722 
 
 11,997 
 
 1,176 
 
 8,212 
 
 2,350 
 
 11,738 
 
 1873 
 
 8,398' 
 
 343 
 
 3,032 
 
 11,773 
 
 1,123 
 
 9,099 
 
 2,350 
 
 12,572 
 
 1874 
 
 8,357 
 
 622 
 
 3,522 
 
 12,501 
 
 ,125 
 
 8,798 
 
 2,358 
 
 12,281 
 
 1875 
 
 8,754 
 
 792 
 
 3,608 
 
 13,154 
 
 ,125 
 
 8,840 
 
 2,593 
 
 12,558 
 
 1876 
 
 8,926 
 
 547 
 
 16,694 
 
 26,167 
 
 ,125 
 
 19,942 
 
 2,744 
 
 23,811 
 
 1877 
 
 9,950 
 
 564 
 
 10,642 
 
 21,156 
 
 ,125 
 
 18,760 
 
 2,628 
 
 22,513 
 
 1878 
 
 10,984 
 
 113 
 
 8,681 
 
 19,778 
 
 ,175 
 
 20,611 
 
 3,073 
 
 24,859 
 
 1879 
 
 12,131 
 
 514 
 
 17,916 
 
 30,561 
 
 ,150 
 
 21,545 
 
 3,194 
 
 25,889 
 
 1880 
 
 12,399 
 
 959 
 
 11,351 
 
 24,709 
 
 ,200 
 
 18,921 
 
 3,308 
 
 23,429 
 
 1881 
 
 13,261 
 
 400 
 
 12,812 
 
 26,473 
 
 ,200 
 
 17,377 
 
 3,390 
 
 21,967 
 
 1882 
 
 14,857 
 
 9 
 
 12,298 
 
 27,164 
 
 ,836 
 
 15,918 
 
 15,158 
 
 32,912 
 
 1883 
 
 15,576 
 
 1,339 
 
 11,491 
 
 28,406 
 
 ,991 
 
 9,985 
 
 18,873 
 
 30,849 
 
 1884 
 
 16,577 
 
 7,984 
 
 19,434 
 
 43,995 
 
 1,821 
 
 12,274 
 
 29,014 
 
 43,109 
 
 1885 
 
 16,080 
 
 9,461 
 
 24,240 
 
 49,781 
 
 2,325 
 
 23,924 
 
 21,072 
 
 47,321 
 
 1886 
 
 16,188 
 
 4,648 
 
 17,946 
 
 38,782 
 
 2,724 
 
 13,498 
 
 22,217 
 
 38,439 
 
 1887 
 
 19,593 
 
 6,130 
 
 158,037 
 
 183,760 
 
 3,271 
 
 11,729 
 
 1 18,268 
 
 133,268 
 
 1888 
 
 19,310 
 
 3,748 
 
 22,670 
 
 45,728 
 
 2,915 
 
 17,471 
 
 36,566 
 
 56,952 
 
 1889 
 
 20,781 
 
 . . 
 
 29,583 
 
 50,364 
 
 3,022 
 
 14,917 
 
 36,050 
 
 53,989 
 
 1890 
 
 20,837 
 
 3,029 
 
 13,858 
 
 37,724 
 
 2,500 
 
 19,019 
 
 28,462 
 
 49,981 
 
 1891 
 
 21,055 
 
 4,074 
 
 13,993 
 
 39,122 
 
 3,147 
 
 18,097 
 
 22,293 
 
 43,537 
 
 1892 
 
 21,404 
 
 1,064 
 
 24,797 
 
 47,265 
 
 3,266 
 
 26,053 
 
 17,547 
 
 46,866 
 
 1893 
 
 21,194 
 
 
 19,703 
 
 40,897 
 
 3,297 
 
 25,066 
 
 10,296 
 
 38,659 
 
 1894 
 
 19,151 
 
 5,201 
 
 14,971 
 
 39,323 
 
 4,078 
 
 27,435 
 
 14,444 
 
 45,957 
 
 1895 
 
 18,306 
 
 35,000 
 
 21,751 
 
 75,057 
 
 3,574 
 
 40,707 
 
 41,956 
 
 86,237 
 
 1896 
 
 18,559 
 
 
 41,750 
 
 60,309 
 
 3,564 
 
 31,655 
 
 20,060 
 
 55,279 
 
 1897 
 
 18,915 
 
 2is 
 
 20,150 
 
 39,280 
 
 3,539 
 
 24,215 
 
 17,542 
 
 45,296 
 
 1898 
 
 19,268 
 
 215 
 
 27,578 
 
 47,061 
 
 3,783 
 
 29,557 
 
 16,168 
 
 49,508 
 
 1899 
 
 16,642 
 
 509 
 
 23,985 
 
 41,136 
 
 4,405 
 
 17,650 
 
 20,290 
 
 42,345 
 
 1900 
 
 25,916 
 
 1,150 
 
 21,872 
 
 48,938 
 
 4,433 
 
 27,885 
 
 16,345 
 
 48,663 
 
 1901 
 
 17,386 
 
 1,620 
 
 22,002 
 
 41,008 
 
 5,883 
 
 29,205 
 
 8,080 
 
 43,168 
 
 1902 
 
 18,195 
 
 950 
 
 35,694 
 
 54,839 
 
 5,628 
 
 26,334 
 
 17,947 
 
 49,909 
 
 1903 
 
 18,075 
 
 
 30,194 
 
 48,269 
 
 5,403 
 
 27,521 
 
 18,246 
 
 51,170 
 
 1004 
 
 19,535 
 
 
 69,797 
 
 89,332 
 
 5,430 
 
 57,560 
 
 26,490 
 
 89,480 
 
 1905 
 
 20,031 
 
 
 75,209 
 
 95,240 
 
 6,034 
 
 45,916 
 
 44,501 
 
 96,451 
 
 1906 
 
 21,244 
 
 iso 
 
 56,868 
 
 78,262 
 
 6,014 
 
 35,746 
 
 37,034 
 
 78,794 
 
 1907 
 
 17,200 
 
 150 
 
 79,322 
 
 96,672 
 
 6,262 
 
 47,888 
 
 42,028 
 
 96,178 
 
 1908 
 
 24,897 
 
 1,000 
 
 97,371 
 
 123,268 
 
 7,586 
 
 40,662 
 
 80,450 
 
 128,698 
 
 1909 
 
 45,920 
 
 150 
 
 53,965 
 
 100,035 
 
 7,004 
 
 12,378 
 
 76,644 
 
 96,026 
 
 1910 
 
 25,489 
 
 150 
 
 29,157 
 
 54,796 
 
 7,013 
 
 23,997 
 
 21,783 
 
 52,793 
 
 1911 
 
 25,440 
 
 150 
 
 73,462 
 
 99,052 
 
 6,992 
 
 68,986 
 
 20,050 
 
 96,028 
 
 1912 
 
 25,256 
 
 150 
 
 47,010 
 
 72,416 
 
 7,950 
 
 42,039 
 
 20,835 
 
 70,824 
 
 1913 
 
 25,754 
 
 250 
 
 49,330 
 
 75,334 
 
 6,456 
 
 52,370 
 
 27,569 
 
 86,395 
 
 1914 
 
 25,789 
 
 250 
 
 54,481 
 
 80,520 
 
 6,034 
 
 43,173 
 
 23,013 
 
 72,220 
 
 1905 
 
 27,909 
 
 250 
 
 64,108 
 
 92,267 
 
 6,830 
 
 52,547 
 
 27,008 
 
 86,385 
 
 1916 
 
 27,763 
 
 250 
 
 64,909 
 
 92,922 
 
 8,000 
 
 60,381 
 
 25,257 
 
 93,638 
 
 NOTE. The details of expenditure from 1882 to 1908 and for 1915 and 1916 are approximate only. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 147 
 
 15. Launceston Tramways. The Launceston tramways were constructed by the 
 Municipality and are managed by that body. 
 
 (i) Launceston Tramway Act 1906. This Act authorized the Corporation of the City 
 of Launceston to enter into an agreement with a company to construct and maintain 
 tramways. The Corporation was given the right to purchase the tramways after the 
 expiration of 21 years from their completion, at a price to be determined, in case of 
 difference, by an engineer or other fit person nominated by the Governor. By an 
 amendment of the Act in 1907 the right of purchase was extended to the year 1935, and, 
 if not exercised then, to subsequent periods of seven years. 
 
 No tramways were built by any company or private person under this Act. 
 
 (ii) Launceston Tramway Act (No. 3) 1908. By this Act the Corporation of the City 
 of Launceston was empowered to construct and maintain tramways, to lease same to any 
 company or person for a period not exceeding 30 years, to borrow money, and to levy a 
 rate to make up any deficiencies in tramway receipts. Before constructing a tramway 
 a poll of the Citizens had to be taken. 
 
 Under this Act a system of tramways has been constructed and maintained by the 
 Corporation of the City of Launceston. 
 
 (iii) Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following table are given the route mileage, 
 cost of construction, revenue, and working expenses of the Launceston Municipal Tramways 
 for the years 1911 to 1916 : 
 
 TASMANIA. LAUNCESTON MUNICIPAL TRAMWAYS. MILEAGE, COST OF 
 CONSTRUCTION, REVENUE, AND EXPENDITURE, 1911 TO 1916. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Route Mileage. 
 
 Cost of 
 Construction. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Working 
 Expenses. 
 
 
 Miles. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 5| 
 
 
 52,162 
 
 % 
 
 
 1912 
 
 5^ 
 
 
 55,417 
 
 14,783 
 
 10,409 
 
 1913 
 
 7; 
 
 
 70,871 
 
 17,155 
 
 13,332 
 
 1914 
 
 i\ 
 
 
 75,239 
 
 17,885 
 
 10,246 
 
 1915 
 
 81 
 
 
 
 86,214 
 
 19,317 
 
 14,814 
 
 1916 
 
 9 
 
 94,412 
 
 21,621 
 
 16,658 
 
 (M) Acts Bearing on Local Government. 
 
 1. Police Acts. Under these Acts Local Authorities are given powers, such as are in 
 many other States included in their respective Local Government Acts, relating to the 
 registration of dogs, common lodging houses, places of public entertainment, slaughtering, 
 impounding, cabs, and nuisances. The following is a resum6 of the more important of 
 these Acts : 
 
 (i) Police Act 1838. Mention has already been made of the provisions of this Act 
 (see page 136). 
 
 (ii) Police Act 1865. The Governor could proclaim any portion of a Municipal District 
 not being a Municipality under the Rural Municipalities Act 1865 to be a Town, and a 
 Municipal Council could mark off a portion of its area which the Governor could proclaim 
 as a Town. Within a Municipal District or Municipality, dogs had to be registered with 
 the Town Clerk. The Mayor of a Municipality was one of the Justices for the licensing 
 of stage coaches and their drivers. Common lodging- houses in Towns had to be inspected 
 and approved by the Municipal Council, and licensed by the Ma} 7 or ; while places of 
 public entertainment also required a licence from the Mayor. 
 
 In every Municipality, except Hobart Town and Launceston, slaughtering licences 
 were to be issued by the Mayor, while the Council was authorized to make by-laws regarding 
 the slaughtering of animals. 
 
 The following provisions referred to Municipalities only, but the Governor could extend 
 them to Towns, in which case the Stipendiary Magistrate, if any, or two Justices of the 
 Peace were to carry out the duties of a Municipal Council. Municipal Councils were to 
 exercise the powers of the Governor under the Impounding Act ; cabs and their drivers 
 
148 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 were to be licensed by the Mayor ; regulations were made regarding cabs ; carts and 
 drays were to be licensed by the Mayor ; and the paving, draining, cleansing, and lighting 
 of any Town in any Municipality, as well as the construction, repair, and maintenance 
 of streets, were placed under the management of the Municipal Council. A Council 
 could appoint a surveyor, an officer of health, and scavengers, could regulate the removal 
 of nuisances, could make common sewers, and could levy annual rates not exceeding one 
 shilling and sixpence in the pound. 
 
 In 1896 these powers were extended to Town Boards under the Town Boards Act. 
 
 (iii) Rural Police Rate Act 1867. A Municipal Council, with the consent of a majority 
 of the electors at a poll, was empowered to surrender the charge and control of the police 
 force within its boundaries to the Governor. 
 
 (iv) Police Act Amendment Act 1883. A Municipal Council was empowered to make 
 by-laws for regulating the use and inspection of steam-engines, the use of bicycles and 
 tricycles, and the traffic and charges of parcel delivery carts. 
 
 (v) Police Act Amendment Act 1900. Local Authorities were given authority to make 
 by-laws providing for the inspection of meat. 
 
 (vi) Police Act 1905. This Act consolidated and amended the previous Police Acts 
 and amendments, the provisions relating to the powers of Municipal Councils and Town 
 Boards contained in previous Acts and amendments being re-enacted therein. 
 
 2. Valuation Acts. The following Acts have been passed with reference to the 
 valuation of property : 
 
 (i) Property Valuation Act 1857. The Justices of a District were to appoint assessors 
 and cause a valuation roll to be compiled. This Act did not apply to Hobart Town and 
 Launceston. 
 
 In 1868 annual value was defined as the rent at which a property might be let from 
 year to year with a deduction of 15 per cent, for rates, taxes, repairs, and other outgoings. 
 
 In 1879 the term rateable value was substituted for annual value, and defined as the 
 annual rent which a tenant might reasonably be expected to pay. 
 
 In 1871 the rateable value of land for mining purposes was not to include any gold 
 or silver therein, but was fixed on the annual value of the land itsalf, together with any 
 buildings, machinery, and improvements thereon. 
 
 In 1887 capital value was defined as the sum for which land would sell, including 
 improvements. Assessors were to be appointed by the Governor. 
 
 (ii) Assessment Act 1898. This Act repealed the former Act and its amendments. 
 Every Local Authority was to make an annual assessment roll, giving both the capital 
 and annual value. The Governor could appoint assessors, and the Local Authority 
 valuators. The annual value was defined as the annual rental which could reasonably 
 be demanded, less rates and taxes. The capital value was the sum for which the fee- 
 simple with improvements would sell. The capital value of tramways was fixed at 1,000 
 per mile, and the annual value at 100 per mile. 
 
 {iii) Assessment Act 1900. This Act repealed the foregoing. The Local Authority 
 of every District, which included the Cities of Hobart and Launceston, all Municipal 
 Districts and all Town Boards, was to make an annual assessment roll, which was to 
 include both the annual and capital values of properties therein, and could appoint a 
 committee of not less than three of its members to do so. The Governor could appoint 
 a Chief Assessor and other Assessors, and a Local Authority could appoint Valuators. 
 The Rolls as made up were to be forwarded to the Chief Assessor for revision. Assessment 
 rolls could be amended and assessments appealed against, such appeals to be heard before 
 a Judge. The definitions of annual and capital value remained the same as in the previous 
 Acts. All rates and taxes were to be collected upon the rolls made under this Act. 
 
 An amendment in 1910 repealed all references to a Chief Assessor and other 
 Assessors appointed by the Government, also the definition of capital value. 
 
 (iv) Annual Values Assessment Act 1911. This Act is to be read in conjunction with 
 the Local Government Act 1906, the Hobart Corporation Act 1893, and the Launceston 
 Corporation Act 1894, and repeals the Assessment Acts of 1900 and 1910. Annual value 
 is defined as the annual rental that could be reasonably demanded, less rates and taxes, 
 other than land tax. The annual value of mining property is not to be inclusive of any 
 minerals therein, and no rateable property is to be computed at less than 3 per cent, of 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 149 
 
 the capital value of the fee-simple. The annual value of a tramway is to be assessed at 
 not more than 100 per mile. Every Municipal Council is to make a valuation of the 
 annual value every year, and may either itself make the assessment or appoint a competent 
 valuer. Appeals against assessments are considered . by the Council, and the Governor 
 may declare that any Commissioner appointed to hold a Court of Requests shall be a 
 Court of Appeal for the purposes of this Act. 
 
 3. Rates Collection and Recovery Act 1858. This Act with its amendments empowers 
 a rate collector to demand rates through the post. 
 
 4. Rates Relief Act 1863. A Municipal Council could not levy rates on any public 
 museum, the gardens of the Royal Society at Hobart Town, and the gardens of the 
 Horticultural Society at Launceston, except for a supply of water where the same is used. 
 In 1901 lands and buildings used for Sunday schools, mission rooms, and churches, or in 
 connexion therewith, were relieved from liability for local rates or taxes except sanitary 
 rates. In 1911 the Hobart waterworks and land connected therewith were exempted 
 from local rates and taxes. 
 
 5. Rural Voting Act 1884. This Act specified the number of votes to which an elector 
 under the Rural Municipalities Act 1884 and the Roads Act 1884 was entitled. These 
 were one vote for an annual value of under 30, two for 30 and under 80, three 
 for 80 and under 160, four for 160 and under 240, five for 240 and under 360, six 
 for 360 and under 460, and seven for 460 and over. It was apparently superseded in 
 1906 by the Local Government Act. 
 
 6. Municipal Association Act 1916. This Act incorporates the Municipal Association, 
 and empowers it to conduct fire, life, accident, and fidelity guarantee insurance. The 
 Association consists of Municipal Councils which are or may become members, and 
 Councils may contribute to its funds out of the Municipal Fund. 
 
 (N) Government Grants and Subsidies. 
 
 1. General. The Government usually subsidizes Local Authorities and makes them 
 special grants from time to time, and the following is a short resume of the legislation in 
 Tasmania on the subject : 
 
 2. Waste Lands Act 1870. One-fourth of the moneys received from the sale, rent, or 
 licence fees of waste lands was set apart for the construction of roads, bridges, jetties, 
 tramways, and wharves. This was formerly spent by the Government on the advice of 
 Boards of Works (see page 132) ; but from the first of January, 1871, was handed over to 
 the Trustees of Road Districts, on the basis of an equal amount where a road rate of one 
 shilling, one-half where ninepence, and one-third where a rate of sixpence in the pound 
 of annual value was levied. 
 
 3. Appropriation in Aid of Road Rates Act 1889. In lieu of the aforementioned sums 
 paid to Road Trustees under the Waste Lands Act, a sum of money, which varied from 
 year to year, was set aside annually from the Consolidated Revenue for roads and bridges 
 other than main roads. This sum was distributed among Road Trusts proportionately 
 to the amount collected, but no subsidy was paid on a greater rate than one shilling per 
 pound of annual value nor where a rate less than sixpence was struck. 
 
 In 1894 the amount of subsidy was fixed at one-half the amount of the road rates 
 collected, provided that the various Boards and Towns levied a rate of not less than one 
 shilling in the pound of the annual value. 
 
 4. Aid to Road Rates Act 1898. Where the Trustees of a Road District or a Town 
 Board had levied a road rate of not less than one shilling during the previous four years, 
 a subsidy was granted equal to ninepence for every shilling collected, if during three 
 years the subsidy was reduced to sixpence, and if during two years to threepence. 
 If the amount appropriated annually was insufficient for this basis of distribution it 
 was to be divided proportionately. 
 
 In 1900 an additional subsidy was granted to certain scheduled Road Districts, which 
 were divided into four classes, the subsidy for each shilling collected being in Class I., 
 sevenpence; Class II., fivepence ; Class III., threepence; and Class IV., three halfpence. 
 
 In 1901 the subsidies to the Trustees of Road Districts were unchanged, but those to 
 Town Boards were reduced to sixpence, fourpence, and twopence respectively, according 
 to classification. The additional subsidies to scheduled classified Road Trusts and Town 
 Boards were reduced to sixpence, fourpence, twopence, and one penny respectively. 
 
150 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 5. Aid to Road Rates Act 1906. The sum of money appropriated was to be paid 
 proportionately to all Road Trusts which did not levy a less rate than one shilling in the 
 pound and to be applied to roads, streets, and bridges other than main roads. No 
 subsidy was paid on any portion of a rate in excess of one shilling. 
 
 6. Aid to Road Rates Act 1908. All main roads now ceased to be so designated and 
 were deemed to be cross roads, and were to be maintained by Councils. The amount of 
 subsidy payable to a Council was fixed at the sum produced by multiplying the total 
 annual value of rateable property by the rate in the pound set opposite to the name of the 
 Municipality given in the schedule to the Act. 
 
 7. Aid to Road Rates Act 1915. The annual subsidy is now based on the amount of 
 road rates of not less than one shilling in the pound raised by each Council, provided that 
 such rate has been collected for at least three years previously. Municipalities are divided 
 into six classes, and the subsidy granted is one shilling for Class I., rising by a shilling for 
 each Class up to six shillings for Class VI. in the pound of road rates collected. 
 
 (o) Local Public Works. 
 
 1. Local Public Works Act 1 867. Owners or occupiers of property desirous of obtaining 
 assistance in the construction of railways, tramways, bridges, irrigation and drainage, 
 jetties, breakwaters, or waterworks for Towns could petition the Governor to proclaim 
 a District. After proclamation, a majority of owners or occupiers could petition for 
 the benefit of this Act. The numbe'r of votes allowed each voter was the same as that 
 specified for the election of Road Trustees. If the proposed work was of public benefit, 
 and a rate of one shilling in the pound on the annual value was sufficient to pay 
 interest and sinking fund, the Governor could declare that the work be constructed, 
 provided that the cost did not exceed 50,000. Owners and occupiers were to elect five 
 persons to be Promoters, who were to have sole control and management of the con- 
 struction and maintenance. The money was to be advanced by the Government and 
 repaid by the District. The promoters were to fix the amount of rates, one-sixth of 
 which was to be placed to a sinking fund, and the other five-sixths applied to part 
 payment of the interest, the balance of which was to be defrayed by the General 
 Revenue. Any profits were to go to the Colonial Treasury. 
 
 An amendment to this Act in 1870 authorized the Governor to set apart from the 
 Waste Lands Act money equal to the amount of rate, but not exceeding 3 per cent, on the 
 debentures. 
 
 2. Local Public Works Act 1872. This Act repealed the foregoing Act and amendment, 
 but most of the provisions were re-enacted. 
 
 In 1873 the Act was amended, so that ten owners or occupiers holding property of 
 the aggregate annual value of 500 might petition for the proclamation of a District. 
 The number of votes to which each voter was entitled was one for an owner assessed at 
 5 and under 40, and for an occupier at 10 and under 40, with an additional vote for 
 each 40 up to ten votes for 360 and upwards. These Acts were repealed in 1878, and 
 all works constructed under their provisions vested in the Government. 
 
 (p) Loans to Local Bodies. 
 
 1. Roads Loans Act 1871. This Act authorized the Colonial Treasurer to advance 
 money to Local Authorities on the security of special rates. It was repealed by the 
 Main Roads Act 1880. 
 
 2. Local Bodies Loans Act 1881. This Act empowered every Local Body which had 
 power by law to raise money on the mortgage of any rate or special rate, to raise money 
 by the sale of debentures. The amount borrowed must not exceed ten times the average 
 income for the preceding three years. Before raising a loan a poll of ratepayers could 
 be demanded by any five of their number. 
 
 3. Local Public Works Loans Act 1890. This Act empowers the Governor to grant 
 loans to any public body for water supply purposes, irrigation works, improvement of 
 rivers and harbours, or other public works. The interest to be paid must not be less than 
 4 nor more than 5 per cent. A special loan rate may be levied, but must not exceed 
 one shilling in the pound on the annual value. 
 
 Prior to the passing of this Act a large number of loans were granted to various Local 
 Bodies for each of which a separate Act of Parliament was passed. 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 151 
 
 (Q) Summary Tables. 
 
 1. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following tables are given (a) the annual 
 valuations for the years 1866 to 1916, and the outstanding loans for the years 1875 to 
 1916 ; and (6) the revenue and expenditure for the years 1854 to 1916 of all Road Trusts, 
 Rural Municipalities, Town Boards, and Municipalities inclusive of the Cities of Hobart 
 and Launceston : 
 
 TASMANIA. ROAD TRUSTS, TOWN BOARDS, AND MUNICIPALITIES. SUMMARY 
 OF ANNUAL VALUES AND OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1866 TO 1916. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Annual Value.* 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Annual Value.* 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1866 
 
 567,892 
 
 
 1892 
 
 ,387,393 
 
 412,160 
 
 1867 
 
 558,107 
 
 . . 
 
 1893 
 
 ,396,840 
 
 412,006 
 
 I SOS 
 
 569,376 
 
 
 1894 
 
 ,365,268 
 
 414,288 
 
 1869 
 
 512,955 
 
 
 1895 
 
 ,344,592 
 
 456,252 
 
 1870 
 
 514,792 
 
 
 1896 
 
 ,343,941 
 
 488,102 
 
 1871 
 
 521,298 
 
 
 1897 
 
 ,226,951 
 
 494,252 
 
 1872 
 
 468,222 
 
 
 1898 
 
 ,356,782 
 
 512,402 
 
 1873 
 
 500,586 
 
 
 1899 
 
 ,355,108 
 
 525,702 
 
 1874 
 
 502,696 
 
 
 1900 
 
 ,417,547 
 
 561,327 
 
 1875 
 
 506,769 
 
 141,811 
 
 1901 
 
 ,449,255 
 
 589,273 
 
 1876 
 
 526,163 
 
 159,636 
 
 1902 
 
 ,457,804 
 
 597,323 
 
 1877 
 
 515,367 
 
 167,966 
 
 1903 
 
 ,489,056 
 
 601,363 
 
 1878 
 
 536,375 
 
 175,916 
 
 1904 
 
 ,571,990 
 
 628,067 
 
 1879 
 
 552,868 
 
 183,142 
 
 1905 
 
 ,605,960 
 
 658,632 
 
 1880 
 
 568,796 
 
 203,190 
 
 1906 
 
 ,692,735 
 
 660,472 
 
 1881 
 
 573,314 
 
 213,097 
 
 1907 
 
 ,705,081 
 
 709,552 
 
 1882 
 
 ,032,589 
 
 234,850 
 
 1908 
 
 ,340,243 
 
 734,876 
 
 1883 
 
 ,091,223 
 
 250,166 
 
 1909 
 
 ,404,328 
 
 760,520 
 
 1884 
 
 ,167,675 
 
 265,842 
 
 1910 
 
 ,459,917 
 
 857,978 
 
 1885 
 
 ,184,117 
 
 288,411 
 
 1911 
 
 ,492,533 
 
 918,819 
 
 1886 
 
 ,208,175 
 
 303,557 
 
 1912 
 
 1,534,789 
 
 975,221 
 
 1887 
 
 ,248,848 
 
 380,452 
 
 1913 
 
 1,583,739 
 
 1,468,730 
 
 1888 
 
 ,266,103 
 
 410,641 
 
 1914 
 
 1,776,099 
 
 1,275,074 
 
 1889 
 
 ,316,076 
 
 378,967 
 
 1915 
 
 1,654,654 
 
 1,439,544 
 
 1890 
 
 ,363,299 
 
 423,117 
 
 1916 
 
 1,717,878 
 
 1,804,750 
 
 1891 
 
 1,384,238 
 
 420,000 
 
 
 
 
 * Exclusive of Road Trusts, from 1866 to 1881. 
 
 TASMANIA. ROAD TRUSTS, MAIN ROAD BOARDS, RURAL MUNICIPALISES 
 TOWN BOARDS, RABBIT TRUSTS, AND MUNICIPALITIES (INCLUDING HOBART 
 AND LAUNCESTON). SUMMARY OF REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1854 
 TO 1916. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1854 
 
 
 
 
 52,222 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 . . 
 
 39,670 
 
 1855 
 
 
 
 
 38,554 
 
 . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 37,044 
 
 1856 
 
 
 
 
 44,006 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 41,348 
 
 1857 
 
 
 
 
 48,688 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 48,489 
 
 1858 
 
 
 
 
 32,417 
 
 
 
 e 
 
 34,553 
 
 1859 
 
 
 
 
 60,281 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 56,462 
 
 1860 
 
 .. 
 
 
 71,051 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 75,263 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
152 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 TASMANIA. ROAD TRUSTS, MAIN ROAD BOARDS, ETC. SUMMARY OF 
 REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1854 TO 1916 continued. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1861 
 
 
 
 
 100,970 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 90,398 
 
 1862 
 
 
 
 
 89,913 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
 96,230 
 
 1863 
 
 41,352 
 
 11,614 
 
 23,535 
 
 76,501 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 80,905 
 
 1864 
 
 44,742 
 
 18,160 
 
 29,649 
 
 92,551 
 
 
 
 
 
 93,463 
 
 1865 
 
 46,520 
 
 21,390 
 
 20,995 
 
 88,905 
 
 
 
 
 94,659 
 
 1866 
 
 43,327 
 
 13,824 
 
 13,072 
 
 70,223 
 
 9,781 
 
 45,947 
 
 28,944 
 
 84,672 
 
 1867 
 
 47,572 
 
 19,097 
 
 18,555 
 
 85,224 
 
 8,995 
 
 43,708 
 
 21,543 
 
 74,246 
 
 1868 
 
 50,337 
 
 10,746 
 
 15,592 
 
 76,675 
 
 8,222 
 
 46,873 
 
 22,936 
 
 78,031 
 
 1869 
 
 47,529 
 
 10,000 
 
 11,442 
 
 68,971 
 
 8,222 
 
 40,340 
 
 21,751 
 
 70,313 
 
 1870 
 
 47,662 
 
 11,284 
 
 12,776 
 
 71,722 
 
 8,034 
 
 41,543 
 
 19,287 
 
 68,864 
 
 1871 
 
 48,842 
 
 11,632 
 
 11,320 
 
 71,794 
 
 8,357 
 
 40,918 
 
 23,433 
 
 72,708 
 
 1872 
 
 48,248 
 
 8,647 
 
 11,643 
 
 68,538 
 
 8,182 
 
 45,212 
 
 20,353 
 
 73,747 
 
 1873 
 
 50,753 
 
 11,040 
 
 14,239 
 
 76^032 
 
 7,898 
 
 42,783 
 
 21,262 
 
 71,943 
 
 1874 
 
 52,496 
 
 10,445 
 
 14,427 
 
 77,368 
 
 8,057 
 
 49,135 
 
 21,204 
 
 78,396 
 
 1875 
 
 52,956 
 
 16,315 
 
 16,406 
 
 85,677 
 
 8,315 
 
 48,239 
 
 27,912 
 
 84,466 
 
 1876 
 
 54,371 
 
 14,455 
 
 40,183 
 
 109,009 
 
 8,603 
 
 71,944 
 
 30,474 
 
 111,021 
 
 1877 
 
 58,285 
 
 13,931 
 
 34,219 
 
 106,435 
 
 9,938 
 
 58,779 
 
 39,061 
 
 107,778 
 
 1878 
 
 59,791 
 
 17,726 
 
 26,760 
 
 104,277 
 
 8,995 
 
 67,984 
 
 29,836 
 
 106,815 
 
 1879 
 
 59,489 
 
 17,822 
 
 37,154 
 
 114,465 
 
 9,825 
 
 72,311 
 
 32,586 
 
 114,722 
 
 1880 
 
 56,169 
 
 16,515 
 
 43,399 
 
 116,083 
 
 9,826 
 
 70,014 
 
 27,403 
 
 107,243 
 
 1881 
 
 55,68fi 
 
 12,670 
 
 42,293 
 
 110,649 
 
 9,472 
 
 62,250 
 
 33,687 
 
 105,409 
 
 1882 
 
 59,153 
 
 23,131 
 
 45,348 
 
 127,632 
 
 12,786 
 
 60,942 
 
 59,715 
 
 133,443 
 
 1883 
 
 64,517 
 
 32,773 
 
 51,981 
 
 149,271 
 
 10,716 
 
 73,365 
 
 69,375 
 
 153,456 
 
 1884 
 
 69,406 
 
 62,964 
 
 36,559 
 
 168,929 
 
 11,235 
 
 83,349 
 
 75,745 
 
 170,329 
 
 1885 
 
 74,206 
 
 58,061 
 
 48,757 
 
 181,024 
 
 13,030 
 
 93,507 
 
 72,246 
 
 178,783 
 
 1886 
 
 72,759 
 
 47,455 
 
 56,450 
 
 176,664 
 
 14,436 
 
 83,360 
 
 76,980 
 
 174,776 
 
 1887 
 
 82,532 
 
 47,333 
 
 191,939 
 
 321,804 
 
 16,368 
 
 92,409 
 
 161,420 
 
 270,197 
 
 1888 
 
 77,907 
 
 57,296 
 
 48,104 
 
 183,307 
 
 15,502 
 
 89,475 
 
 95,363 
 
 200,340 
 
 1889 
 
 83,412 
 
 34,103 
 
 58,090 
 
 175,605 
 
 14,415 
 
 70,019 
 
 98,626 
 
 183,060 
 
 1890 
 
 88,428 
 
 32,895 
 
 47,751 
 
 169,074 
 
 15,655 
 
 80,071 
 
 81,466 
 
 177,192 
 
 1891 
 
 88,885 
 
 35,781 
 
 31,781 
 
 156,447 
 
 15,802 
 
 72,383 
 
 72,966 
 
 161,151 
 
 1892 
 
 90,249 
 
 29,271 
 
 84,275 
 
 203,795 
 
 17,294 
 
 101,144 
 
 83,426 
 
 201,864 
 
 1893 
 
 90,301 
 
 23,066 
 
 45,051 
 
 158,418 
 
 17,574 
 
 80,899 
 
 62,417 
 
 160,890 
 
 1894 
 
 85,333 
 
 24,119 
 
 51,351 
 
 160,803 
 
 17,579 
 
 80,622 
 
 71,081 
 
 169,282 
 
 1895 
 
 87,399 
 
 44,650 
 
 37,352 
 
 169,401 
 
 16,014 
 
 81,622 
 
 79,191 
 
 176,827 
 
 1896 
 
 88,437 
 
 8,804 
 
 50,337 
 
 147,578 
 
 15,604 
 
 63,478 
 
 62,857 
 
 141,939 
 
 1897* 
 
 89,681 
 
 7,677 
 
 31,705 
 
 129,063 
 
 16,016 
 
 58,028 
 
 62,654 
 
 136,698 
 
 1898 
 
 89,227 
 
 17,333 
 
 45,321 
 
 151,881 
 
 17,301 
 
 74,528 
 
 60,251 
 
 152,080 
 
 1899 
 
 75,950 
 
 19,601 
 
 39,613 
 
 135,164 
 
 18,773 
 
 63,327 
 
 55,408 
 
 137,508 
 
 1900 
 
 91,915 
 
 29,413 
 
 42,118 
 
 163,446 
 
 19,361 
 
 91,168 
 
 53,922 
 
 164,451 
 
 1901 
 
 93,836 
 
 27,786 
 
 53,047 
 
 174,669 
 
 22,028 
 
 105,531 
 
 46,374 
 
 173,933 
 
 1092 
 
 89,884 
 
 24,967 
 
 63,285 
 
 178,136 
 
 21,117 
 
 86,465 
 
 60,944 
 
 168,526 
 
 1903 
 
 91,265 
 
 14,298 
 
 61,755 
 
 167,318 
 
 22,449 
 
 87,931 
 
 63,406 
 
 173,786 
 
 1904 
 
 102,446 
 
 14,309 
 
 96,659 
 
 213,414 
 
 21,291 
 
 118,506 
 
 67,846 
 
 207,643 
 
 1905 
 
 101,694 
 
 13,707 
 
 105,602 
 
 221,003 
 
 21,654 
 
 110,095 
 
 90,065 
 
 221,814 
 
 1906 
 
 107,315 
 
 10,298 
 
 89,560 
 
 207,173 
 
 22,508 
 
 103,600 
 
 89,117 
 
 215,225 
 
 1907 
 
 102,466 
 
 17,131 
 
 133,078 
 
 252,675 
 
 24,335 
 
 121,737 
 
 106,361 
 
 252,433 
 
 1908 
 
 142,466 
 
 40,254 
 
 186,466 
 
 369,186 
 
 38,133 
 
 158,955 
 
 156,611 
 
 353,699 
 
 1909 
 
 173,452 
 
 44,293 
 
 92,245 
 
 309,990 
 
 40,144 
 
 102,020 
 
 176,337 
 
 318,501 
 
 1910 
 
 147,750 
 
 35,616 
 
 87,994 
 
 271,360 
 
 34,586 
 
 155,245 
 
 76,277 
 
 266,108 
 
 1911 
 
 150,233 
 
 35,215 
 
 133,073 
 
 318,521 
 
 35,498 
 
 181,059 
 
 90,777 
 
 307,334 
 
 1912 
 
 159,290 
 
 26,051 
 
 107,935 
 
 293,276 
 
 37,519 
 
 179,451 
 
 79,824 
 
 296,794 
 
 1913 
 
 178,749 
 
 17,510 
 
 114,046 
 
 310,305 
 
 45,499 
 
 197,057 
 
 93,953 
 
 336,509 
 
 1914 
 
 185,954 
 
 14,416 
 
 169,825 
 
 370,195 
 
 39,321 
 
 202,602 
 
 107,263 
 
 349,186 
 
 1915 
 
 190,491 
 
 14,651 
 
 172,006 
 
 377,148 
 
 39,709 
 
 188,647 
 
 166,018 
 
 394,374 
 
 1916 
 
 188,939 
 
 12,753 
 
 216,880 
 
 418,572 
 
 45,532 
 
 282,066 
 
 183,379 
 
 510,977 
 
MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 153 
 
 7. Commonwealth. 
 
 1. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following tables are given (a) the revenue and 
 expenditure for the years 1858 to 1916 ; (b) the annual values for the years 1856 to 1916 , 
 and (c) the outstanding loans for the years 1868 to 1916 of all Municipalities, Shires, &c., 
 in the Commonwealth of Australia, as far as details are available : 
 
 COMMONWEALTH. MUNICIPALITIES, ROAD BOARDS, DISTRICT COUNCILS, ETC, 
 SUMMARY OF REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1858 TO 1916. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Bates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1858 
 
 a) 56,613 
 
 (g) 257,027 
 
 (<7> 403,588 
 
 749,645 
 
 (i) 19,636 
 
 (i) 224,620 
 
 (i) 60,062 
 
 720,530 
 
 1859 
 1860 
 
 a) 59,179 
 o) 74,474 
 
 (<7) 255,301 
 (?) 259,071 
 
 (g) 337,379 
 (g) 316,368 
 
 714,947 
 
 742,789 
 
 (t) 17,742 
 0') 17,549 
 
 (i) 213,931 
 j) 124,340 
 
 (i) 44,484 
 j) 29,383 
 
 805,984 
 742,687 
 
 1861 
 
 *) 84,374 (ft) 253,191 
 
 (A) 364,:>24 
 
 802,7.')!) 
 
 CO 17,606 
 
 j) 170,215 
 
 0') 18,731 
 
 762,442 
 
 1862 
 
 a) 74,703 
 
 (g) 291,266 
 
 (g) 331,997 
 
 834,054 
 
 CO 20,176 
 
 j) 187,715 
 
 0') 31,780 
 
 876,154 
 
 1863 
 
 (c) 129,042 
 
 240,942 
 
 499,077 
 
 869,061 
 
 (j) 20,961 
 
 ;) 175,420 
 
 CO 47,964 
 
 869,463 
 
 1864 
 
 (c) 141,353 
 
 341,254 
 
 601,308 
 
 1,083,915 
 
 (k) 27,299 
 
 k) 188,874 
 
 k) 58,907 
 
 1,069,062 
 
 1865 
 
 375,841 
 
 307,287 
 
 476,389 
 
 1,159,517 
 
 (k) 28,763 
 
 k) 218,338 
 
 (k) 69,885 
 
 1,249,327 
 
 1866 
 
 396,757 
 
 314,608 
 
 564,508 
 
 1,275,873 
 
 (0 42,836 
 
 362,680 
 
 '0 93,734 
 
 1,247,177 
 
 1867 
 
 (d) 392,580 
 
 334,790 
 
 640,296 
 
 1,367,666 
 
 (0 41,033 
 
 411,859 
 
 '0 105,762 
 
 1,371,101 
 
 1868 
 
 (d) 411,739 
 
 215,210 
 
 834,433 
 
 1,461,382 
 
 (m) 122,279 
 
 m) 825,238 
 
 m) 388,310 
 
 ,369,332 
 
 1869 
 
 432,392 
 
 366,871 
 
 660,361 
 
 1,459,624 
 
 126,892 
 
 826,766 
 
 495,697 
 
 ,449,355 
 
 1870 
 
 450,995 
 
 336,741 
 
 578,373 
 
 ,366,109 
 
 134,276 
 
 875,861 
 
 411,857 
 
 ,421,994 
 
 1871 
 
 479,731 
 
 338,031 
 
 653,680 
 
 ,471,442 
 
 133,155 
 
 904,810 
 
 461 ,608 
 
 ,499,573 
 
 1872 
 
 () 480,522 
 
 (e) 330,577 
 
 (e) 641,971 
 
 ,454,265 
 
 (e) 135,973 
 
 e) 860,160 
 
 (e) 45o,361 
 
 ,452,567 
 
 1873 
 
 (e) 500,147 
 
 e) 358,216 
 
 (e) 617,629 
 
 ,477,574 
 
 (e) 141,438 
 
 e) 990,594 
 
 (e) 509,604 
 
 ,643,204 
 
 1874 
 
 (e) 529,762 
 
 (e) 357,120 
 
 (e) 702,764 
 
 ,591,270 
 
 (f) 145,029 
 
 e) 1,039,358 
 
 (e) 497,450 
 
 1,683,378 
 
 1875 
 
 (e) 666,425 
 
 (e) 559,485 
 
 (e) 526,417 
 
 ,753,972 
 
 (e) 146,895 
 
 e) 894,728 
 
 (e) 516,175 
 
 1,559,444 
 
 1876 
 
 (e) 662,860 
 
 (e) 626,510 
 
 (e) 458,820 
 
 ,749,324 
 
 () 155,716 
 
 (e) 1,123,532 
 
 (e) 496,410 
 
 1,776,532 
 
 1877 
 
 (e) 704,078 
 
 (e) 677,665 
 
 (e) 553,456 
 
 1,936,915 
 
 (e) 160,318 
 
 (>-) .202,638 
 
 (e) 432,597 
 
 1,797,561 
 
 1878 
 
 GO 703,958 
 
 GO 646,054 
 
 GO 487,155 
 
 1,840,662 
 
 00 169,396 
 
 (/) ,343,313 
 
 GO 465,222 
 
 1,981,063 
 
 1879 
 
 Of) 703,419 
 
 GO 873,953 
 
 GO 549,641 
 
 2,130,575 
 
 (f) 175,955 
 
 GO ,425,395 
 
 GO 500,526 
 
 2,105,030 
 
 1880 
 
 812,887 
 
 633,743 
 
 577,072 
 
 2,023,702 
 
 200,318 
 
 ,424,997 
 
 519,698 
 
 2,145,013 
 
 1881 
 
 891,735 
 
 880,685 
 
 616,069 
 
 2,388,489 
 
 209,332 
 
 ,543,310 
 
 463,165 
 
 2,215,807 
 
 1882 
 
 93^,697 
 
 954,170 
 
 654,706 
 
 2,547,573 
 
 224,865 
 
 1,687,933 
 
 547,212 
 
 2,460,010 
 
 1883 
 
 1,035,951 
 
 1,060,137 
 
 650,856 
 
 2,746,944 
 
 235,415 
 
 1,893,525 
 
 632,405 
 
 2,761,345 
 
 1884 
 
 ,104,546 
 
 987,019 
 
 860,299 
 
 2,951,864 
 
 254,191 
 
 2,040,775 
 
 733,656 
 
 3,028,622 
 
 1885 
 
 ,197,268 
 
 960,685 
 
 911,622 
 
 3,069,575 
 
 264,946 
 
 2,059,359 
 
 774,940 
 
 3,099,245 
 
 1886 
 
 ,294,084 
 
 963,992 
 
 1,005,819 
 
 3,263,895 
 
 291,781 
 
 2,103,415 
 
 812,463 
 
 3,207,659 
 
 1887 
 
 ,417,182 
 
 836,331 
 
 1,234,309 
 
 3,487,822 
 
 290,418 
 
 2,124,236 
 
 1,041,138 
 
 3,455,792 
 
 1888 
 
 . ,503,318 
 
 854,198 
 
 1,135,852 
 
 3,493,368 
 
 308,898 
 
 2,132,498 
 
 1,158,529 
 
 3,599,925 
 
 1889 
 
 ,693,765 
 
 993,210 
 
 1,004,153 
 
 3,691,128 
 
 327,039 
 
 2,403,504 
 
 1,145,873 
 
 3,876,416 
 
 1890 
 
 ,765,055 
 
 1,238,827 
 
 1,055,749 
 
 4,059,631 
 
 347,481 
 
 2,674,653 
 
 1,307,879 
 
 4,330,013 
 
 1891 
 
 ,835,051 
 
 1,010,793 
 
 1,067,887 
 
 3,913,731 
 
 349,908 
 
 2,574,350 
 
 1,331,865 
 
 4,256,123 
 
 1892 
 
 ,803,021 
 
 986,330 
 
 1,223,687 
 
 4,013,038 
 
 362,163 
 
 2,498,685 
 
 1,422,630 
 
 4,283,478 
 
 1893 
 
 ,726,052 
 
 685,340 
 
 859,932 
 
 3,271,324 
 
 346,784 
 
 2,018,713 
 
 1,317,980 
 
 3,683,477 
 
 1894 
 
 ,708,745 
 
 565,791 
 
 1,482,860 
 
 3,757,396 
 
 322,886 
 
 1,626,529 
 
 1,515,521 
 
 3,464,936 
 
 1895 
 
 ,633,695 
 
 533,463 
 
 938,163 
 
 3,105,321 
 
 320,015 
 
 1,306,423 
 
 1,463,602 
 
 3,090,040 
 
 1896 
 
 ,661,975 
 
 479,630 
 
 964,516 
 
 3,106,121 
 
 312,875 
 
 1,387,720 
 
 1,431,662 
 
 3,132,257 
 
 1897 
 
 ,680,283 
 
 560,931 
 
 1,044,094 
 
 3,285,308 
 
 328,784 
 
 1,575,564 
 
 1,449,172 
 
 3,353,520 
 
 1898 
 
 ,689,535 
 
 528,856 
 
 1,046,634 
 
 3,265,025 
 
 330,799 
 
 1,638,690 
 
 1,459,670 
 
 3,429,159 
 
 1899 
 
 ,719,896 
 
 509,875 
 
 1,078,684 
 
 3,308.455 
 
 333,396 
 
 1,545,141 
 
 1,422,787 
 
 3,301,324 
 
 1900 
 
 ,812,346 
 
 587,518 
 
 1,188,167 
 
 3,588,031 
 
 346,175 
 
 1,709,288 
 
 1,550,954 
 
 3,606,417 
 
 1901 
 
 ,950,784 
 
 635,051 
 
 1,697,026 
 
 4,282.861 
 
 359,743 
 
 1,876,716 
 
 1,764,683 
 
 4,001,142 
 
 1902 
 
 2,049,579 
 
 503,283 
 
 1,295,515 
 
 3,848',377 
 
 373,269 
 
 1,792,191 
 
 1,807,232 
 
 3,972,692 
 
 1903 
 
 2,095,237 
 
 398,359 
 
 1,218,942 
 
 3,712,538 
 
 380,036 
 
 1,581,775 
 
 1,690,391 
 
 3,652,202 
 
 1904 
 
 2,242,156 
 
 449,098 
 
 1,383,897 
 
 4,075,151 
 
 385,127 
 
 1,772,553 
 
 1,919,227 
 
 4,076,907 
 
 1905 
 
 2,268,001 
 
 410,948 
 
 1,430,263 
 
 4,109,212 
 
 383,612 
 
 1,856,410 
 
 1,961,389 
 
 4,201,411 
 
 1906 
 
 2,373,497 
 
 472,366 
 
 1,703,363 
 
 4,549,226 
 
 399,740 
 
 1,923,640 
 
 1,915,924 
 
 4,239,304 
 
 1907 
 
 2,809,391 
 
 703,519 
 
 1,828,774 
 
 5,341,684 
 
 530,047 
 
 2,303,318 
 
 2,329,364 
 
 5,162,729 
 
 1908 
 
 3,075,922 
 
 724,625 
 
 1,756,012 
 
 5,556,559 
 
 594,064 
 
 2,781,033 
 
 2,350,212 
 
 5,725,309 
 
 1909 
 
 3,299,183 
 
 780,850 
 
 1,900,798 
 
 5,980,831 
 
 606,013 
 
 2,770,079 
 
 2,556,348 
 
 5,932,440 
 
 1910 
 
 3,392,475 
 
 831,373 
 
 2,454,601 
 
 6,678,449 
 
 621,801 
 
 3,126,768 
 
 2,745,064 
 
 6,493,633 
 
 1911 
 
 3,707,668 
 
 883,049 
 
 2,448,302 
 
 7,039,019 
 
 649,834 
 
 3,413,862 
 
 2,912,771 
 
 6,976,467 
 
 1912 
 
 3,993,734 
 
 896,818 
 
 3,459,732 
 
 8,355,284 
 
 627,063 
 
 4,009,337 
 
 3,745,265 
 
 8,381,665 
 
 1913 
 
 4,413,349 
 
 647,026 
 
 3,276,029 
 
 8,336,404 
 
 651,106 
 
 4,260,242 
 
 3,519,973 
 
 8,431,321 
 
 1914 
 
 4,807,469 
 
 830,929 
 
 4,273,514 
 
 9,911,912 
 
 703,221 
 
 4,720,436 
 
 3,864,967 
 
 9,288,624 
 
 1915 
 
 4,927,548 
 
 788,896 
 
 3,865,197 
 
 9,581,641 
 
 725,484 
 
 4,761,469 
 
 4,146,587 
 
 9,633,540 
 
 1916 
 
 5,195,685 
 
 663,634 
 
 4,060,782 
 
 9,920,101 
 
 784,300 
 
 4,686,729 
 
 4,459,371 
 
 9,930,400 
 
 Total 
 
 92,042,709 
 
 35,972,518 
 
 70,453,711 
 
 198,910,3:^0 
 
 17,083,852 
 
 102,196,251 
 
 73,383,078 
 
 199,333,324 
 
 (a) Exclusive of Victoria (included in other), of Tasmania (included in total) and of other than Road 
 Trusts and the City of Sydney in New South Wales (included in total). (b) Exclusive of Victoria 
 (included in other) and of Tasmania (included in total). (c) Exclusive of Victoria (included in other). 
 (d) Exclusive of Queensland (included in other). () Exclusive of Western Australia (included in total). 
 (/) Exclusive of Municipalities, except Perth, in Western Australia (included in total), (g) Exclusive i 
 Tasmania and of other than Road Trusts and City of Sydney in New South Wales (included in total). 
 (K) Exclusive of Tasmania (included in total). (i) Exclusive of Victoria and Tasmania and of other than 
 Road Trusts and the City of Sydney in :s<>\v South Wales (included in total). (.?') Exclusive of Vic- 
 toria, Queensland, and Tasmania, and of other than Road Trusts and the,City of Sydney in Now South 
 Wales (included in total). (A:) Exclusive of Victoria, Queensland, and Tasmania (included in total). 
 (0 Exclusive of Uctoria and Queensland (included in total). <(m) Exclusive of Queensland (included 
 in total). 
 
154 
 
 MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. 
 
 COMMONWEALTH. MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. SUMMARY OF VALUATIONS OF 
 ANNUAL VALUE, 1856 TO 1916. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Valuation. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Valuation. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Valuation. 
 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1856 . . 
 
 1,544,831 (a) 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 11,304,847 (c) 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 23,895,788 (e) 
 
 1857 
 
 3,725,648 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 11,978,900 (c) 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 24,029,416 (e) 
 
 1858 . . 
 
 4,009,985 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 12,665,926 (c) 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 24,125,476 (e) 
 
 1859 . . 
 
 4,177,025 (6) 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 13,086,510 (d) 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 24,881,274 (e) 
 
 1860 . . 
 
 5,060,435 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 14,789,837 (c) 1901 . . 
 
 25,478,475 (e) 
 
 1861 
 
 5,421,066 
 
 . 1882 . . 
 
 15,782,300 1902 .. 
 
 25,934,999 (e) 
 
 1862 . . 
 
 4,226,385 (a) 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 17,096,562 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 26,675,816 (e) 
 
 1863 
 
 5,847,468 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 18,697,617 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 27,337,156 (e) 
 
 1864 . . 
 
 6,033,721 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 20,529,356 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 28,739,022 
 
 1865 .. 
 
 6,832,747 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 22,114,226 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 29,242,197 
 
 1866 . . 
 
 7,450,112 (c) 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 23,031,438 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 34,170,930 
 
 1867 .. 
 
 7,604,769 (c) 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 25,122,128 
 
 1908 . . 
 
 34,938,898 
 
 1868 
 
 7,971,142 (c) 
 
 1889 . . 
 
 27,832,864 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 35,848,671 
 
 1869 . . 
 
 8,393,584 (c) 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 28,109,256 ll 1910 .. 
 
 37,381,011 
 
 1870 . . 
 
 8,537,133 (c) 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 28,069,957 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 39,414,868 
 
 1871 
 
 8,877,550 (c) 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 27,923,317 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 41,192,662 
 
 1872 . . 
 
 8,848,280 (c) 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 26,897,419 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 43,444,804 
 
 1873 . . 
 
 9,116,377 (c) 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 26,166,670 j| 1914 .. 
 
 47,062,180 
 
 1874 . . 
 
 9,617,816 (c) 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 24,175,310 (e) \ 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 48,816,212 
 
 1875 . . 
 
 10,364,636 (c) 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 23,741,658 (e) 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 49,949,951 
 
 1876 . . 
 
 10,912,125 (c) 
 
 
 
 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 Prior to 1857, exclusive of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and 
 Tasmania. 
 
 1857-1858. Exclusive of New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia, and Tasmania. 
 
 1859. Exclusive of Queensland, Western Australia, and Tasmania. 
 
 1860-1865. Exclusive of Western Australia and Tasmania. 
 
 1866-1894. Exclusive of Western Australia. 
 
 1891-1916. Queensland. The unimproved capital value only is available for these years, and the 
 annual value has been estimated at 5 per cent, of the capital unimproved value. 
 
 (a) Victoria. Exclusive of Road Boards. (6) New South Wales. Exclusive of Sydney. (c) Tas- 
 mania. Exclusive of Road Trusts. (d) Queensland. Exclusive of Municipal Shires. Tas- 
 mania. Exclusive of Road Trusts. (e) Western Australia. Exclusive of Road Boards. 
 
 COMMONWEALTH. MUNICIPALITIES, ETC. SUMMARY OF OUTSTANDING 
 LOANS, 1868 TO 1916. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Outstanding Loans. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Outstanding Loans. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Outstanding Loans. 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 1868 . . 
 
 232,813 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 1,911,976 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 8,800,547 
 
 1869 . . 
 
 275,193 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 2,693,189 (e) 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 8,842,587 
 
 1870 . . 
 
 282,894 (a) 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 3,334,733 (e) 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 8,678,704 
 
 1871 
 
 304,008 , 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 4,622,702 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 8,804,674 
 
 1872 . . 
 
 339,462 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 4,842,761 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 8,958,712 
 
 1873 . . 
 
 424,024 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 5,793,149 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 9,325,562 
 
 1874 . . 
 
 641,149 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 6,008,007 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 9,751,854 
 
 1875 . . 
 
 939,520 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 6,496,150 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 9,934,312 
 
 1876 . . 
 
 991,298 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 7,116,900 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 10,598,933 
 
 1877 
 
 882,798 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 7,178,426 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 11,722,561 
 
 1878 . . 
 
 1,059,923 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 7,645,254 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 12,527,472 
 
 1879 . . 
 
 1,048,919 
 
 1896 . . 
 
 7,675,583 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 14,526,730 
 
 1880 . . 
 
 ,140,943 (6) 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 7,860,768 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 16,060,585 
 
 1881 
 
 ,255,709 (c) 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 7,916,861 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 16,992,257 
 
 1882 . . 
 
 ,335,032 (d) 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 7,934,357 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 18,121,796 
 
 1883 
 
 ,439,142 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 8,095,285 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 19,259,578 
 
 1884 . . 
 
 ,685,534 
 
 
 
 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 1868. Exclusive of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania. 
 
 1869-1874. Exclusive of New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania. 
 .1875-1885. Exclusive of New South Wales, South Australia, and Western Australia. 
 
 1886-1894. Exclusive of South Australia and Western Australia. 
 
 1895-1906. Exclusive of South Australia. 
 
 Queensland. Only loans due to Government are included, particulars as to other loans raised on 
 debentures, &c., are not available. 
 
 (a) Victoria. Exclusive of Road Boards and Shires. (6) Queensland. Exclusive of Municipal 
 Shires. (c) Queensland. Exclusive of Municipal Shires and Divisions. (d) Queensland. Exclusive 
 of Divisions. (e) New South Wales. Exclusive of the City of Sydney. 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 155 
 
 SECTION m. 
 
 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 1. New South Wales. 
 
 (A) Sydney Water Supply. 
 
 1. Early Sources of Supply. The first water supply for Sydney was obtained from 
 the creek running between Pitt-street and George-street, and discharging into Sydney 
 Cove at the foot of Pitt-street. In 1791 a small tank, holding about 8,000 gallons, was 
 excavated in the bed of the stream and the creek became known as the Tank Stream. 
 This supply was used until 1838. 
 
 The next scheme was the Lachlan Swamps supply, the water being brought from 
 the swamp behind the present Royal Agricultural Show Grounds, across part of the old 
 Sydney common and thence through a tunnel to Hyde Park. From the tunnel a pipe 
 carried the water to a spot near Market and Elizabeth streets, where a stand-pipe was 
 erected. The area draining into this tunnel was about 750 acres. The tunnel was 
 begun in 1832 and completed in 1837, and Sydney was supplied solely from this source 
 until 1858, after which year a supplementary supply only was obtained therefrom until 
 1884. 
 
 In 1850 the City Corporation was authorized to construct water and sewerage works, 
 and a system of water supply from the Lachlan, Bunnerong, and Botany Swamps was 
 adopted. A number of dams were erected at various dates on a catchment area of 
 about 4,300 acres. A pumping station was built on the shores of Botany Bay and the 
 water lifted through a 30-in. rising main to Crown-street Reservoir, 141 feet above sea 
 level, built in 1858, and afterwards to Paddington Reservoir, 214 feet above sea level, 
 built in 1864. In 1881 a supplemental plant was erected to raise the water to the 
 Woollahra Reservoir, 282 feet above sea level. The cost of these works was 1,719,565. 
 In 1886 a small pumping plant was erected at the back of the Woollahra Reservoir to 
 lift the water to a reservoir at Waverley Park. This reservoir was completed in 1887. 
 
 Owing to the fact that Sydney was fast outgrowing the supply from the Botany 
 Swamps a better and larger supply was necessary. Numerous schemes were proposed, 
 and a Royal Commission appointed to examine them. The Upper Nepean scheme was 
 finally decided upon. The works undertaken in pursuance of this were constructed by 
 the Government and handed over to the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board 
 when completed. 
 
 2. Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board. Under the Metropolitan Water and 
 Sewerage Act 1880 this Board was to be constituted and to divest the City Council of 
 the control of water and sewerage. The Board itself was not, however, appointed until 
 1888, and consists of seven members, three official members appointed by the Governor 
 in Council, two City members and two Suburban members, appointed respectively by 
 the City Council and by Municipalities in the County of Cumberland from among existing 
 Aldermen. Members are appointed for four years, but three retire every second year. 
 The Board is authorized to regulate forms of contracts and appoint a scale of charges 
 for water, levy rates on land and tenements within 60 yards of any main, regulate the 
 drainage of roads and streets into sewers, construct and cleanse sewers, &c. 
 
 3. Description of Works. The present system of water supply is known as the 
 " Upper Nepean Scheme," particulars of which are as follows : 
 
 (i) Catchment Area. The catchment area is on the head-waters of the Nepean, 
 Cordeaux. and Cataract Rivers, on the top of the South Coast Range, and embraces an 
 area of 347 square miles. The average annual rainfall is nearly 45 inches. 
 
156 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE- 
 
 Portions of the Nepean and Cataract River's flow is diverted by means of small 
 dams, and the water is brought through tunnels, pipes, aqueducts, and open channels, 
 a distance of 40 miles, to the storage reservoir at Prospect, thence by open channel and 
 two 6-ft. pipes to Pott's Hill balance reservoir, from whence it is distributed to the 
 various districts and pumping stations in and around Sydney. 
 
 (ii) Cataract Dam. Owing to the supply from Prospect Reservoir being found 
 insufficient for the growing needs of the metropolis, the construction of the Cataract 
 Dam was determined on. This dam was completed in 1908 and cost 342,000. The 
 surface area at the full supply level 950 feet above high water mark in Sydney Harbour 
 is 2,200 acres, and the capacity 20,743,196,475 gallons. The water from this dam 
 passes along an open channel to Broughton's Pass, where it is joined by the water from 
 the Nepean dam, which latter is conveyed thither through a tunnel. 
 
 (iii) Prospect Reservoir. This reservoir is 196 feet above sea level, has a catchment 
 area of 354 square miles, and an area of 1,266 acres of water surface when full, and contains 
 11,029,180,000 gallons, of which 5,502,400,000 gallons are available by gravitation. 
 
 (iv) .Potfs Hill Reservoir. From Prospect the water flows 5 miles by open canal 
 to the Pipe Head Basin, and thence 5 miles through 6-ft. wrought iron and steel pipes 
 'to the Pott's Hill Reservoir. This is a balance reservoir, erected to tide over any 
 stoppage of supply in the lower canal or in the 6-ft. mains. It holds about three days' 
 supply, and has an area of 25 acres and a capacity of 108,185,401 gallons. At Pott's 
 Hill the water passes through a screening tank of copper-gauze screens. 
 
 (v) Other Reservoirs and Tanks. In addition to the above-mentioned reservoirs, 
 there are twelve others, varying in capacity from one to eighteen and a half million 
 gallons. There are also 24 tanks of steel or concrete, each capable of holding from 
 100,000 to 2,000,000 gallons. The total capacity of all reservoirs at the 30th June, 1917, 
 was 26,668,949,024 gallons. 
 
 (vi) Aqueducts and Mains. As already mentioned, the water from the catchment 
 area is conveyed chiefly by aqueduct to Prospect Reservoir, there are, however, three 
 tunnels on the route, the longest of which runs from the Nepean dam to Broughton's 
 Pass. As already stated, the water flows from Prospect to the Pipe Head Basin, and 
 thence to the Pott's Hill Reservoir. From this reservoir the water is conducted by 
 two 48-in. mains, and three smaller mains, to the reticulated area south of Port Jackson. 
 At Lewisham a bifurcation takes place in one of the 48-in. mains, one branch supplying 
 the Petersham Reservoir, and the other the Crown-street Reservoir. The total length 
 of mains at the 30th June, 1917, was 2,463 miles. 
 
 (vii) Pumping Stations. Pumping is necessary on account of the elevation of parts 
 of the reticulated area, and no less than 8,930 million gallons were raised during the 
 twelve months ended June, 1915. The main pumping station is situated at Crown- 
 street, where are erected three sets of compound high-duty pumping engines, and a 
 covered reservoir with a capacity % of 18,500,000 gallons has been constructed in the 
 Centennial Park. The Ashfield tank is supplied from Centennial Park by a main, and 
 Vaucluse Reservoir is connected with Waverley. 
 
 North Sydney receives its supply from Pott's Hill, via Ryde, where there is a reservoir 
 containing 2,000,000 gallons, from which the water is pumped into tanks at Ryde, 
 Chatswood, and Wahroonga. At a height of 567 feet a concrete reservoir has been 
 constructed at Pymble, relieving the abnormal pressure at Wahroonga. 
 
 From the Ryde Tank the- districts of Ryde, Gladesville, and Hunter's Hill are 
 supplied ; while a 9-in. main extends over the Parramatta and Iron Cove bridges to 
 supply Balmain. A tank and reservoir have been erected at Mosman. 
 
 Other districts near the aqueduct such as Smithfield, Granville, Auburn, and Rook 
 wood are supplied en route, as well as the districts of Campbell town and Liverpool 
 The Manly works were taken over by the Board in 1902, and this suburb is also 
 connected with the metropolitan system by a main from Mosman, crossing Middle 
 Harbour. 
 
 4. Houses supplied, &c. The following table shows the number of houses and the 
 estimated population supplied with water, the average daily supply, and the average 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 157 
 
 daily supply per house and per head of the population from the year 1888, when the 
 Metropolitan Board took control, until 1917 : 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. SYDNEY WATER SUPPLY. DAILY SUPPLY, HOUSES AND 
 POPULATION SUPPLIED, AND AVERAGE SUPPLY PER HEAD, 1888 TO 1917. 
 
 Year ending 
 
 Number of 
 Houses 
 supplied. 
 
 Estimated 
 Population 
 supplied. 
 
 Average 
 Daily 
 Supply. 
 
 Average Daily Supply. 
 
 Per House. 
 
 Per Head. 
 
 
 No. - 
 
 No. 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Gallons 
 
 31st Dec., 1888 
 
 61,718 
 
 296,246 
 
 8,144,169 
 
 132 
 
 27-5 
 
 1889 
 
 69,642 
 
 326,035 
 
 8,820,000 
 
 129 
 
 27-1 
 
 1890 
 
 71,501 
 
 343,204 
 
 8,486,034 
 
 118 
 
 24-7 
 
 1891 
 
 76,093 
 
 365,246 
 
 9,540,102 
 
 125 
 
 26-1 
 
 1892 
 
 78,926 
 
 378,885 
 
 12,129,152 
 
 153 
 
 32-1 
 
 1893 
 
 81,288 
 
 390,182 
 
 12,533,652 
 
 153 
 
 32-1 
 
 1894 
 
 83,621 
 
 401,380 
 
 13,738,874 
 
 164 
 
 34-2 
 
 30th June, 1896* . . 
 
 85,059 
 
 408,282 
 
 16,645,014 
 
 196 
 
 40-8 
 
 1897 
 
 87,190 
 
 418,512 
 
 17,659,357 
 
 202 
 
 42-2 
 
 1898 . . 
 
 89,749 
 
 434,800 
 
 18,284,000 
 
 204 
 
 42-0 
 
 1899 . . 
 
 92,370 
 
 450,500 
 
 18,795,000 
 
 203 
 
 41-7 
 
 1900 . . 
 
 95,172 
 
 478,000 
 
 19,886,000 
 
 208 
 
 41-6 
 
 1901 
 
 98,298 
 
 491,000 
 
 21,583,000 
 
 220 
 
 43-9 
 
 1902 
 
 101,966 
 
 509,000 
 
 21,906,000 
 
 214 
 
 43-0 
 
 1903 
 
 104,681 
 
 523,000 
 
 16,896,000 
 
 161 
 
 32-3 
 
 1904 . . 
 
 109,191 
 
 546,000 
 
 18,690,000 
 
 171 
 
 34-2 
 
 1905 . . 
 
 112,343 
 
 561,700 
 
 2,1,712,800 
 
 195 
 
 38-7 
 
 1906 
 
 116,202 
 
 581,000 
 
 22,393,300 
 
 192 
 
 38-5 
 
 1907 
 
 120,782 
 
 603,900 
 
 22,912,600 
 
 189 
 
 37-9 
 
 1908 . . 
 
 124,083 
 
 620,400 
 
 24,500,400 
 
 197 
 
 39-5 
 
 1909 . . 
 
 128,444 
 
 642,220 
 
 25,911,400 
 
 201 
 
 40'3 
 
 1910 . . 
 
 133,788 
 
 668,940 
 
 26,903,155 
 
 201 
 
 40-2 
 
 1911 
 
 139,237 
 
 696,185 
 
 29,006,668 
 
 . 208 
 
 41-7 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 146,236 
 
 731,180 
 
 30,522,466 
 
 208 
 
 41-7 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 155,213 
 
 776,065 
 
 32,784,090 
 
 211 
 
 42-2 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 166,112 
 
 830,560 
 
 36,539,729 
 
 220 
 
 44-0 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 175,758 
 
 878,790 
 
 37,548,114 
 
 210 
 
 42-7 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 183,598 
 
 917,950 
 
 39,380,000 
 
 214 
 
 42-9 
 
 1917 . . 
 
 193,643 
 
 965,850 
 
 39,503,172 
 
 204 
 
 40-9. 
 
 * Eighteen months from 1st January, 1895, to 30th June, 1896. 
 
 5. Revenue and Expenditure. In the following tables are shewn the revenue and 
 expenditure (a) of the City Council Water Fund for the years 1858 to 1887 ; and (6) of 
 the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board for water supply from 1888 to 1917. In 
 the latter table are also shewn the capital debt on account of water supply and the 
 percentage of the cost of working to revenue : 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. SYDNEY WATER SUPPLY. CITY OF SYDNEY WATER 
 FUND REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1858 TO 1887. 
 
 
 
 Jtt 
 
 venue. 
 
 
 
 
 Expei 
 
 iditure. 
 
 
 
 Year 
 
 
 
 Other 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ending 
 
 
 
 Revenue, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Interest, 
 
 
 
 31st 
 Decem- 
 ber. 
 
 Sale 
 of 
 
 Water. 
 
 Sale of 
 Deben- 
 tures. 
 
 including 
 Govern- 
 ment 
 Advances, 
 
 Total 
 Revenue. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration 
 Expenses. 
 
 General 
 Works. 
 
 Botany 
 Works, 
 Pumping 
 &c. 
 
 Sinking 
 Fund, 
 and 
 Deben- 
 
 Other 
 Expen- 
 diture. 
 
 Total 
 Expen- 
 diture. 
 
 
 
 
 Interest, 
 &c. 
 
 
 
 
 
 tures 
 retired . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1858 
 
 11,415 
 
 
 77,305 
 
 88,720 
 
 1,991 
 
 20,655 
 
 44,625 
 
 5,471 
 
 2,122 
 
 74,864 
 
 1859 
 
 14,319 
 
 
 2,087 
 
 16,406 
 
 2,810 
 
 19,033 
 
 15,607 
 
 3,906 
 
 11,583 
 
 52,939 
 
 1860 
 1861 
 
 13,651 
 15,014 
 
 ll',300 
 20,800 
 
 1,343 
 980 
 
 26,294 
 36,794 
 
 2,494 
 2,392 
 
 8,229 
 20,389 
 
 4,500 
 2,757 
 
 4,172 
 4,340 
 
 7,145 
 812 
 
 26,540 
 30,690 
 
 1862 
 
 17,186 
 
 
 375 
 
 17,561 
 
 2,791 
 
 14,032 
 
 4,524 
 
 9,294 
 
 831 
 
 31,472 
 
 1863 
 1864 
 
 19,447 
 20,692 
 
 27,700 
 
 1,356 
 1,946 
 
 48,503 
 22,638 
 
 2,501 
 3,127 
 
 5,620 
 6,650 
 
 3,387 
 3,545 
 
 9,988 
 4,139 
 
 1,044 
 2,637 
 
 22,540 
 20,098 
 
 1865 
 1866 
 1867 
 1868 
 
 22,613 
 23,739 
 25,521 
 27,603 
 
 6,500 
 4,500 
 26,000 
 
 7,573 
 2,248 
 2,483 
 2,087 
 
 30,186 
 32,487 
 32,504 
 55,690 
 
 2,991 
 3,067 
 2,236 
 2,621 
 
 15,011 
 6,874 
 5,075 
 14,239 
 
 3,492 
 5,314 
 18,578 
 11,014 
 
 9,479 
 4,489 
 5,890 
 22,845 
 
 5,485 
 4,315 
 1,123 
 
 887 
 
 36,458 
 24,059 
 32,902 
 51,606 
 
 1869 
 
 29,554 
 
 5,000 
 
 593 
 
 35,147 
 
 2,663 
 
 9,071 
 
 7,145 
 
 6,636 
 
 8,788 
 
 34,303 
 
158 
 
 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. SYDNEY WATER SUPPLY. CITY OF SYDNEY WATER 
 FUND REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1858 TO 1881 continued. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year 
 
 
 
 Other 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ending 
 
 
 
 Revenue, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Interest, 
 
 
 
 31st 
 Decem- 
 ber. 
 
 Sale 
 of 
 Water. 
 
 Sale of 
 Deben- 
 tures. 
 
 including 
 Govern- 
 ment 
 Advances, 
 Interest, 
 &c. 
 
 Total 
 Revenue. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration 
 Expenses. 
 
 General 
 Works. 
 
 Botany 
 Works, 
 Pumping 
 &c. 
 
 Sinking 
 Fund, 
 and 
 Deben- 
 tures 
 retired. 
 
 Other 
 Expen- 
 diture. 
 
 Total 
 Expen- 
 diture. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1870 . 
 
 31,269 
 
 
 2,335 
 
 33,604 
 
 2,867 
 
 9,446 
 
 8,746 
 
 15,661 
 
 863 
 
 37,583 
 
 1871 . 
 
 31,726 
 
 5,000 
 
 1,632 
 
 38,358 
 
 2,726 
 
 4,521 
 
 8,126 
 
 24,656 
 
 687 
 
 40,716 
 
 1872 . 
 
 33,846 
 
 25,000 
 
 4,090 
 
 62,936 
 
 2,951 
 
 12,653 
 
 10,119 
 
 17,605 
 
 834 
 
 44,162 
 
 1873 . 
 
 34,319 
 
 5,000 
 
 2,143 
 
 41,462 
 
 3,123 
 
 12,691 
 
 18,362 
 
 43,380 
 
 2,759 
 
 80,315 
 
 1874 . 
 
 35,827 
 
 20,000 
 
 2,405 
 
 58,232 
 
 3,382 
 
 16,887 
 
 23,414 
 
 6,843 
 
 1,311 
 
 51,837 
 
 1875 . 
 
 37,563 
 
 18,000 
 
 864 
 
 56,427 
 
 3,211 
 
 16,037 
 
 11,537 
 
 6,288 
 
 688 
 
 37,761 
 
 1876 . 
 
 41,505 
 
 2000 
 
 606 
 
 44,111 
 
 3,262 
 
 32,865 
 
 14,891 
 
 6,618 
 
 1,838 
 
 59,474 
 
 1877 . 
 
 49,150 
 
 30 000 ' 
 
 1,388 
 
 80,538 
 
 3,164 
 
 24,163 
 
 12,770 
 
 6,567 
 
 1,316 
 
 47,980 
 
 1878 . 
 
 50,823 
 
 , 
 
 3,439 
 
 54,262 
 
 3,435 
 
 35,601 
 
 11,644 
 
 9,038 
 
 3,368 
 
 63,086 
 
 1879 . 
 
 55,428 
 
 
 1,782 
 
 57,210 
 
 1,625 
 
 43,795 
 
 14,724 
 
 8,165 
 
 787 
 
 69,096 
 
 1880 . 
 
 64,907 
 
 . 
 
 4,592 
 
 69,499 
 
 8,075 
 
 39,300 
 
 11,254 
 
 8,503 
 
 74 
 
 67,206 
 
 1881 . 
 
 68,705 
 
 
 5,350 
 
 74,055 
 
 10,320 
 
 27,720 
 
 11,997 
 
 8,180 
 
 
 58,217 
 
 1882 . 
 
 77,261 
 
 
 4,549 
 
 81,810 
 
 5,706 
 
 41.628 
 
 8,187 
 
 8,160 
 
 360 
 
 64,041 
 
 1883 . 
 
 84,531 
 
 , 
 
 2,776 
 
 87,307 
 
 6,064 
 
 42,204 
 
 10,342 
 
 13,010 
 
 155 
 
 71,775 
 
 1884 . 
 
 80,548 
 
 
 4,322 
 
 84,870 
 
 6,768 
 
 37,207 
 
 10,265 
 
 27,262 
 
 447 
 
 81,949 
 
 1885 . 
 
 80,824 
 
 . 
 
 5,994 
 
 86,818 
 
 6,961 
 
 53,953 
 
 12,216 
 
 6,962 
 
 4,083 
 
 84,175 
 
 1886 . 
 
 79,698 
 
 
 55,640 
 
 135,338 
 
 6,345 
 
 65,457 
 
 16,594 
 
 6,460 
 
 2,754 
 
 97,610 
 
 1887 . 
 
 74,513 
 
 
 3,505 
 
 78,018 
 
 6,951 
 
 48,956 
 
 9,565 
 
 6,763 
 
 6,535 
 
 78,770 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. SYDNEY WATER SUPPLY. METROPOLITAN WATER AND 
 SEWERAGE BOARD REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1888 TO 1917. 
 
 Year ending 
 
 Total 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Percent- 
 age of 
 Working 
 Expenses 
 . to 
 Revenue. 
 
 Debt. 
 
 Net 
 Liabilities 
 on which 
 Interest is 
 paid. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration 
 Expenses. 
 
 Maintenance 
 and 
 Deprecia- 
 tion. 
 
 Interest. 
 
 Total 
 Expendi- 
 ture. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 31st Dec., 1888 
 
 125,486 
 
 9,182 
 
 10,024 
 
 64,276 
 
 83,482 
 
 27-46 
 
 2,623,837 
 
 1889 
 
 138,924 
 
 16,183 
 
 20,386 
 
 105,627 
 
 142,196 
 
 26-32 
 
 2,707,500 
 
 1890 
 
 145,990 
 
 14,242 
 
 23,968 
 
 109,100 
 
 147,310 
 
 23-82 
 
 2,808,412 
 
 1891 
 
 165,831 
 
 14,685 
 
 27,523 
 
 111,982 
 
 154,190 
 
 23-09 
 
 2,925,987 
 
 1892 
 
 155,886 
 
 13,988 
 
 31,968 
 
 115,869 
 
 161,825 
 
 28-91 
 
 3,013,919 
 
 1893 
 
 157,427 
 
 13,798 
 
 25,855 
 
 119,187 
 
 158,840 
 
 23 -59 
 
 3,029,059 
 
 1894 
 
 161,167 
 
 14,051 
 
 26,995. 
 
 119,660 
 
 160,706 
 
 24-36 
 
 3,059,957 
 
 30th June, 1895* 
 
 85,364 
 
 7,187 
 
 13,282 
 
 71,383 
 
 91,852 
 
 23-06 
 
 3,698,323 
 
 1896 
 
 174,357 
 
 13,781 
 
 27,196 
 
 141,098 
 
 182,075 
 
 21-50 
 
 3,776,879 
 
 1897 
 
 175,984 
 
 14,600 
 
 29,571 
 
 144,050 
 
 188,221 
 
 23-19 
 
 3,867,168 
 
 1898 
 
 178,881 
 
 14,760 
 
 34,008 
 
 147,496 
 
 196,264 
 
 25-28 
 
 3,950,161 
 
 1899 
 
 194,332 
 
 14,901 
 
 35,692 
 
 139,455 
 
 190,048 
 
 24-26 
 
 4,021,563 
 
 1900 
 
 195,616 
 
 15,392 
 
 34,863 
 
 145,288 
 
 195,543 
 
 24-04 
 
 4,164,117 
 
 1901 
 
 203,348 
 
 16,801 
 
 35,671 
 
 149,131 
 
 201,603 
 
 24-23 
 
 4,300,552 
 
 1902 
 
 223,201 
 
 17,225 
 
 50,360 
 
 152,037 
 
 219,622 
 
 25-69 
 
 4,423,203 
 
 1903 
 
 220,745 
 
 19,013 
 
 56,643 
 
 155,256 
 
 230,912 
 
 32-22 
 
 4,489,560 
 
 1904 
 
 222,827 
 
 20,066 
 
 44,548 
 
 157,629 
 
 222,243 
 
 26-44 
 
 4,544,656 
 
 1905 
 
 251,503 
 
 18,925 
 
 47,090 
 
 156,372 
 
 222,387 
 
 26-24 
 
 4,434,991 
 
 1906 
 
 270,263 
 
 15,415 
 
 49,072 
 
 164,216 
 
 228,703 
 
 23-86 
 
 4,674,341 
 
 1907 
 
 275,591 
 
 17,140 
 
 50,453 
 
 176,170 
 
 243,763 
 
 24-52 
 
 4,902,463 
 
 1908 
 
 283,410 
 
 17,123 
 
 57,893 
 
 183,033 
 
 258,049 
 
 26-46 
 
 5,009,012 
 
 1909 
 
 267,519 
 
 17,987 
 
 62,294 
 
 185,591 
 
 265,872 
 
 30-01 
 
 5,146,302 
 
 1910 
 
 284,943 
 
 18,902 
 
 74,125 
 
 184,486 
 
 277,513 
 
 32-64 
 
 5,286,917 
 
 1911 
 
 299,442 
 
 20,926 
 
 78,429 
 
 192,486 
 
 291,841 
 
 33-18 
 
 5,420,813 
 
 1912 
 
 329,605 
 
 21,530 
 
 91,428 
 
 198,443 
 
 311,401 
 
 34-27 
 
 5,606,268 
 
 1913 
 
 361,187 
 
 24,350 
 
 102,445 
 
 200,918 
 
 327,713 
 
 35-11 
 
 5,907,125 
 
 1914 
 
 410,823 
 
 28,557 
 
 117,391 
 
 223,145 
 
 369,093 
 
 35-52 
 
 6,257,976 
 
 1915 
 
 441,966 
 
 31,106 
 
 128,581 
 
 235,949 
 
 395,636 
 
 36-13 
 
 6,644,289 
 
 1916 
 
 470,744 
 
 33,513 
 
 131,697 
 
 261,335 
 
 426,545 
 
 35-09 
 
 7,192,472 
 
 1917 
 
 468,537 
 
 38,884 
 
 139,093 
 
 306,198 
 
 484,175 
 
 37-98 
 
 7,769,200 
 
 * Six months. 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 159 
 
 6. Other Towns supplied by the Metropolitan Board. In addition to supplying the 
 City and suburbs of Sydney with water, the Board has also control of the water supply 
 of five other Districts, and keeps separate accounts of their revenue and expenditure. 
 The Districts of Campbelltown, Camden and Narellan, and Liverpool receive water by 
 gravitation from the upper canal at Prospect, and each is furnished with a supply tank. 
 The Richmond water supply was completed in 1892 and handed over to the Board in 
 1893, and is derived from the Hawkesbury River, from whence it is pumped into a 
 service tank 199 feet above the pumps. The works for supplying Wollongong were 
 completed in 1902 and handed over to the Board in 1904. The source of supply is in 
 the Sydney catchment area, and includes the upper end of the Cordeaux River, a dam 
 having been built impounding 173 million gallons at a height of 1,105 feet above high 
 water mark. The water gravitates from this dam through 7 miles of pipes, with a 
 branch to Port Kembla. 
 
 7. Capital Cost, Revenue, &c. The following table gives the capital cost, the revenue, 
 and the annual liability against revenue of these five systems for the years 1893 to 
 1916 : 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. METROPOLITAN WATER AND SEWERAGE BOARD. 
 WATER SUPPLY OF OTHER TOWNS COST, REVENUE, ETC., 1893 TO 1916. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Annual Liability against Revenue. 
 
 Year ending 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Districts 
 supplied. 
 
 Capital 
 Cost. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Interest and 
 Instalment 
 
 Main- 
 
 Charges 
 for 
 
 rp-.i.-i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 {JSJ 
 
 tenance. 
 
 Water 
 
 lotai. 
 
 
 
 
 
 100 Years. 
 
 
 supplied. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31st Dec., 1893 . . 
 
 3 
 
 29,791 
 
 1,759 
 
 ,077 
 
 796- 
 
 362 
 
 2,235 
 
 1894 . . 
 
 3 
 
 29,917 
 
 1,784 
 
 ,081 
 
 1,143 
 
 394 
 
 2,618 
 
 30th June, 1895* . . 
 
 3 
 
 30,083 
 
 1,001 
 
 544 
 
 415 
 
 202 
 
 1,161 
 
 1896 . . 
 
 3 
 
 30,240 
 
 1,914 
 
 ,093 
 
 1,045 
 
 426 
 
 2,564 
 
 1897 . . 
 
 3 
 
 30,642 
 
 1,951 
 
 ,107 
 
 929 
 
 439 
 
 2,475 
 
 1898 . . 
 
 3 
 
 30,942 
 
 2,001 
 
 ,118 
 
 957 
 
 447 
 
 2,522 
 
 1899 . . 
 
 3 
 
 31,086 
 
 1,980 
 
 ,123 
 
 814 
 
 447 
 
 2,384 
 
 1900 . . 
 
 4 
 
 39,076 
 
 2,087 
 
 ,269 
 
 936 
 
 525 
 
 2,730 
 
 1901 . . 
 
 4 
 
 39,808 
 
 2,738 
 
 ,440 
 
 995 
 
 625 
 
 3,060- 
 
 1902 . . 
 
 4 
 
 42,172 
 
 2,840 
 
 ,525 
 
 1,055 
 
 629 
 
 3,209 
 
 1903 . . 
 
 5 
 
 80,338 
 
 3,102 
 
 2,271 
 
 1,072 
 
 633 
 
 3,976 
 
 1904 . . 
 
 5 
 
 80,766 
 
 3,896 
 
 2,919 
 
 1,682 
 
 646 
 
 5,247 
 
 1905 . . 
 
 5 
 
 81,887 
 
 4,066 
 
 2,960 
 
 . ,724 
 
 672 
 
 5,356 
 
 1906 . . 
 
 5 
 
 86,003 
 
 4,254 
 
 3,109 
 
 ,678 
 
 690 
 
 5,477 
 
 1907 . . 
 
 5 
 
 86,730 
 
 4,345 
 
 3,137 
 
 ,636 
 
 724 
 
 5,497 
 
 1908 . . 
 
 5 
 
 87,897 
 
 5,061 
 
 3,178 
 
 ,735 
 
 737 
 
 5,650 
 
 1909 . . 
 
 5 
 
 87,958 
 
 5,364 
 
 3,180 
 
 ,824 
 
 767 
 
 5,771 
 
 1910 . . 
 
 5 
 
 103,275 
 
 6,273 
 
 3,734 
 
 2,184 
 
 111 
 
 6,695 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 5 
 
 105,543 
 
 6,086 
 
 3,744 
 
 2,174 
 
 820 
 
 6,738 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 5 
 
 106,008 
 
 6>869 
 
 3,833 
 
 2,818 
 
 855* 
 
 7,506 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 5 
 
 213,035 
 
 8,232 
 
 7,702 
 
 2,877 
 
 920 
 
 11,499 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 5 
 
 244,604 
 
 9,784 
 
 8,844 
 
 4,004 
 
 968 
 
 13,816 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 5 
 
 256,071 
 
 12,035 
 
 9,259 
 
 4,941 
 
 1,015 
 
 15,215 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 5 
 
 278,591 
 
 1 14,857 
 
 10,074 
 
 4,923 
 
 1,058 
 
 16,055 
 
 Six months. 
 
 (B) Sydney Sewerage. 
 
 1. General. Previous to 1853, there was no sewerage system in Sydney, the old 
 style of using cesspits being chiefly in vogue. The first sewerage works were begun in 
 1853 by the City Commissioners and continued by the Municipal Council in 1855 unti 
 
160 
 
 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 the inauguration of the new system in 1877, which was constructed by Government and 
 handed over to the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board in 1889. 
 
 2. Original Sewerage Scheme. The original scheme was designed on the combined 
 system, by which street-surface water as well as sewage was removed. The works 
 comprised five main sewers with outfalls into the harbour at Blackwattle Bay, Darling 
 Harbour, Sydney Cove, Fort Macquarie, and Woolloomoolloo Bay, together with sub- 
 sidiary sewers along the streets and lanes. In 1877 there were 33 miles of these 
 sewers in operation, and in 1889 there were still 70 miles hi existence. 
 
 3. Present System of Sewerage. The present system consists of three main outfalls, 
 the northern, southern, and western ; the northern discharges into the Pacific Ocean 
 near Bondi, and the southern and western discharge into the sewage farm at Webb's 
 Grant, near Botany Bay. 
 
 The northern system receives sewage from Waverley, Bondi, Woollahra, Double Bay, 
 Darling Point, Rushcutter's Bay, Elizabeth Bay, and parts of Woolloomoolloo. 
 
 The southern main outfall commences at a point on the north side of Cook's River, 
 near Botany Bay, and receives the drainage from Alexandria, Waterloo, Erskineville, 
 Newtown, and portions of the Surry Hills district. The inlet-house into which the 
 sewage passes is fitted with the latest machinery for straining the sludge and for ejecting 
 the fluid after filtration. Storm-water channels are also constructed at various points 
 to carry off superfluous water after heavy rainfalls. 
 
 The western outfall, which provides for the western suburbs, starts at a receiving 
 chamber in the Rockdale end of the sewage farm, from which it runs to another chamber 
 about a quarter of a mile to the north-east of Muddy Creek, and thence to a penstock 
 chamber at Marrickville, crossing Wolli Creek and Cook's River on aqueducts. The 
 latter chamber receives the discharge from the eastern, northern, and western branch 
 sewers, and drains part of Marrickville, Petersham, Stanmore, Newtown, Leichhardt, 
 Annandale, Camperdown, Summer Hill, Ashfield, Canterbury, Enfield, Burwood, Five 
 Dock, and Concord. A branch outfall has been constructed at Coogee, which discharges 
 into the ocean and serves the districts of Randwick, Kensington, and Coogee. On the 
 northern side of the City extensive works have been completed ; in the Borough of North 
 Sydney septic tanks were built in 1899 to deal with sewage matter ; and at Middle 
 Harbour, Mosman, and Manly ample provision has been made for the sanitation of those 
 districts. 
 
 All the existing sewerage works at Sydney were transferred in 1890 to the Metro- 
 politan Water Supply and Sewerage Board, and are now under the control of that body. 
 
 4. Houses connected and Population served. In the following table are shewn, the 
 number of houses connected with sewers and the estimated population served for the 
 years 1890 to 1917 : 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. SYDNEY SEWERAGE. NUMBER OF HOUSES CONNECTED 
 AND ESTIMATED POPULATION SERVED, 1890 TO 1917. 
 
 
 Number of 
 
 Estimated 
 
 
 Number of 
 
 Estimated 
 
 Yeaf ending 
 
 Houses 
 connected. 
 
 Population 
 served. 
 
 Year ending 
 
 Houses 
 connected. 
 
 Population 
 served. 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 31st Dec., 1890 . . 
 
 22,765 
 
 109,272 
 
 30th June, 1900 . . 
 
 68,060 
 
 340,300 
 
 1891 . . 
 
 26,884 
 
 129,043 
 
 1901 . . 
 
 75,925 
 
 364,400 
 
 1892 . . 
 
 31,402 
 
 150,729 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 78,233 
 
 397,300 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 36,062 
 
 173,097 
 
 1903 . . 
 
 78,620 
 
 400,000 
 
 1894 . . 
 
 39,965 
 
 191,832 
 
 1904 . . 
 
 82,215 
 
 410,000 
 
 30th June, 1896 
 
 44,462 
 
 213,417 
 
 1905 . . 
 
 85,958 
 
 430,000 
 
 1897 . . 
 
 47,593 
 
 228,446 
 
 1906 . . 
 
 88,881 
 
 444,000 
 
 1898 . . 
 
 51,425 
 
 257,100 
 
 1907 . . 
 
 91,940 
 
 456,670 
 
 1899 . . 
 
 58,720 
 
 281,856 
 
 1908 . . 
 
 ' 
 
 94,735 
 
 470,000 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 161 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. SYDNEY SEWERAGE. NUMBER OF HOUSES 
 CONNECTED, ETC. continued. 
 
 Year ending 
 
 Number of 
 Houses 
 connected. 
 
 Estimated 
 Population 
 served. 
 
 Year ending 
 
 Number of 
 Houses 
 connected. 
 
 Estimated 
 Population 
 served. 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 30th June, 1909 
 
 99,442 
 
 497,210 
 
 30fch June, 1914 . . 
 
 119,550 
 
 597,750 
 
 1910 . . 
 
 102,896 
 
 514,480 
 
 1915 . . 
 
 124,759 
 
 623,795 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 106,879 
 
 534,395 
 
 1916 . . 
 
 130,638 
 
 . . 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 110,928 
 
 554,640 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 135,588 
 
 . . 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 114,690 
 
 573,450 
 
 
 
 
 ">. Revenue and Expenditure. In the two following tables are shewn the revenue 
 and expenditure (a) of the City of Sydney Sewerage Fund from 1858 to 1889 ; and (6) of 
 the Sewerage Branch of the Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board for the 
 years 1890 to 1917. In the latter table are also shewn the capital cost and the interest 
 bearing capital debt, as well as the percentage of working expenses to revenue : 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. CITY OF SYDNEY. SEWERAGE FUND REVENUE AND 
 EXPENDITURE, 1858 TO 1889, 
 
 Year 
 ending 
 31st 
 December. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Rates. 
 
 Sale of 
 Deben- 
 tures. 
 
 Other 
 Revenue. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Interest, 
 Sinking 
 Fund, 
 Deben- 
 tures, 
 retired. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1858 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
 11,584 
 
 11,584 
 
 1,820 
 
 7,612 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 9,432 
 
 1859 . . 
 
 1,246 
 
 . . 
 
 102 
 
 1,348 
 
 . 
 
 235 
 
 398 
 
 . . 
 
 633 
 
 1860 . . 
 
 
 
 93 
 
 93 
 
 
 
 561 
 
 
 561 
 
 1861 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 6,000 
 
 124 
 
 6,124 
 
 
 . . 
 
 528 
 
 2ii 
 
 739 
 
 1862 . . 
 
 266 
 
 6,600 
 
 483 
 
 7,349 
 
 
 3,750 
 
 702 
 
 216 
 
 4,668 
 
 1863 . . 
 
 1 
 
 17,000 
 
 152 
 
 17,153 
 
 
 4,634 
 
 16,793 
 
 379 
 
 21,806 
 
 1864 . . 
 
 204 
 
 . . 
 
 20 
 
 224 
 
 . , 
 
 2,228 
 
 1,821 
 
 204 
 
 4,253 
 
 1865 . . 
 
 1,756 
 
 5,300 
 
 566 
 
 7,622 
 
 875 
 
 7,465 
 
 7,587 
 
 218 
 
 16,145 
 
 1866 . . 
 
 5,006 
 
 . . 
 
 333 
 
 5,339 
 
 918 
 
 6,548 
 
 3,800 
 
 265 
 
 11,531 
 
 1867 . . 
 
 4,228 
 
 13,900 
 
 1,340 
 
 19,468 
 
 801 
 
 9,377 
 
 4,897 
 
 964 
 
 16,039 
 
 1868 . . 
 
 4,808 
 
 34,000 
 
 841 
 
 39,649 
 
 886 
 
 13,911 
 
 18,597 
 
 98 
 
 33,492 
 
 1869 . . 
 
 4,397 
 
 35,000 
 
 839 
 
 40,236 
 
 909 
 
 24,401 
 
 8,341 
 
 31 
 
 33,682 
 
 1870 . . 
 
 4,220 
 
 . . 
 
 11 
 
 4,231 
 
 981 
 
 11,460 
 
 17,358 
 
 
 29,799 
 
 1871 . . 
 
 2,568 
 
 51,000 
 
 704 
 
 54,272 
 
 809 
 
 2,619 
 
 16,652 
 
 
 20,080 
 
 1872 . . 
 
 1,358 
 
 34,700 
 
 2,684 
 
 38,742 
 
 946 
 
 3,734 
 
 32,715 
 
 4 
 
 37,399 
 
 1873 . . 
 
 
 5,000 
 
 837 
 
 5,837 
 
 1,220 
 
 3,423 
 
 31,156 
 
 
 35,799 
 
 1874 . . 
 
 
 27,300 
 
 6,077 
 
 33,377 
 
 690 
 
 2,865 
 
 12,297 
 
 
 15,852 
 
 1875 . . 
 
 . 
 
 10,400 
 
 751 
 
 11,151 
 
 730 
 
 1,430 
 
 14,631 
 
 
 16,791 
 
 1876 . . 
 
 . 
 
 2,600 
 
 18 
 
 2,618 
 
 662 
 
 2,104 
 
 13,148 
 
 
 15,914 
 
 1877 . . 
 
 
 . 
 
 20,513 
 
 20,513 
 
 920 
 
 13,601 
 
 14,386 
 
 iio 
 
 29,057 
 
 1878 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
 103 
 
 103 
 
 1,034 
 
 4,735 
 
 17,172 
 
 . 
 
 22,941 
 
 1879 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 32,000 
 
 673 
 
 32,673 
 
 
 1,924 
 
 16,763 
 
 2,154 
 
 20,841 
 
 1880 . . 
 
 21,275 
 
 43,000 
 
 943 
 
 65,218 
 
 3,862 
 
 3,772 
 
 13,018 
 
 774 
 
 21,426 
 
 1881 . . 
 
 28,493 
 
 . . 
 
 5,561 
 
 34,054 
 
 4,672 
 
 7,748 
 
 12,235 
 
 455 
 
 25,110 
 
 1882 . . 
 
 29,241 
 
 . . 
 
 4,024 
 
 33,265 
 
 2,314 
 
 11,514 
 
 12,000 
 
 1,411 
 
 27,239 
 
 1883 . . 
 
 32,169 
 
 . . 
 
 745 
 
 32,914 
 
 2,351 
 
 16,663 
 
 28,737 
 
 1,387 
 
 49,138 
 
 1884 . . 
 
 34,742 
 
 . . 
 
 2,759 
 
 37,501 
 
 2,625 
 
 14,840 
 
 16,969 
 
 1,166 
 
 35,600 
 
 1885 . . 
 
 25,776 
 
 
 1,991 
 
 27,767 
 
 2,831 
 
 17,660 
 
 17,333 
 
 1,559 
 
 39,383 
 
 1886 . . 
 
 37,845 
 
 
 307 
 
 38,152 
 
 3,112 
 
 17,567 
 
 16,520 
 
 1,185 
 
 38,384 
 
 1887 . . 
 
 42,312 
 
 
 448 
 
 42,760 
 
 2,960 
 
 17,751 
 
 16,583 
 
 1,880 
 
 39,174 
 
 1888 . . 
 
 44,770 
 
 
 275 
 
 45,045 
 
 2,391 
 
 10,188 
 
 125,425 
 
 3,214 
 
 141,218 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 44,820 
 
 
 154 
 
 44,974 
 
 2,292 
 
 7,916 
 
 49,967 
 
 558 
 
 60,733 
 
 C. 7099. 6 
 
162 
 
 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE BOARD. 
 SEWERAGE BRANCH REVENUE, EXPENDITURE, CAPITAL COST AND 
 DEBT, 1890 TO 1917. 
 
 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Per- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 centage of 
 
 
 Capital 
 
 Year ending 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 i 
 
 Main- 
 
 
 
 Working 
 Expenses 
 
 Capital 
 Cost. 
 
 Debt 
 Interest- 
 
 
 
 
 tenance 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 
 bearing. 
 
 
 
 3lftnae- 
 
 and 
 
 Interest. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 
 
 
 
 ment. 
 
 Deprecia- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tion. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 
 
 31st Dec., 1890 81,799 
 
 10,799 
 
 11,450 
 
 44,777 
 
 67,026 
 
 31-21 
 
 
 
 1891 
 
 81,303 
 
 9,787 
 
 15,624 
 
 46,495 
 
 71,906 
 
 31-25 
 
 1,44*7,287 
 
 1,34*3,856 
 
 1892 
 
 87,927 
 
 10,922 
 
 16,383 
 
 52,017 
 
 79,322 
 
 31-05 
 
 1,606,948 
 
 1,503,517 
 
 1893 
 
 93,661 
 
 9,487 
 
 18,192 
 
 57,684 
 
 85,363 
 
 28-92 
 
 1,691,462 
 
 1,588,031 
 
 1894 
 
 93,134 
 
 9,865 
 
 18,730 
 
 60,642 
 
 89,237 
 
 30-12 
 
 1,745,120 
 
 1,641,689 
 
 30th June, 1895* 
 
 43,110 
 
 5,624 
 
 8,857 
 
 32,124 
 
 46,605 
 
 f 33-05 
 
 1,831,611 
 
 1,728,180 
 
 1896 
 
 85,486 
 
 10,266 
 
 21,054 
 
 67,428 
 
 98,748 
 
 35-44 
 
 1,892,256 
 
 1,788,825 
 
 1897 
 
 87,652 
 
 10,763 
 
 19,903 
 
 71,328 
 
 101,994 
 
 33-86 
 
 2,018,120 
 
 1,914,689 
 
 1898 
 
 89,688 
 
 10,757 
 
 21,025 
 
 74,600 
 
 106,382 
 
 34-07 
 
 2,116,306 
 
 2,012,875 
 
 1899 
 
 103,955 
 
 11,070 
 
 22,550 
 
 83,028 
 
 116,648 
 
 31-19 
 
 2 699,426 
 
 2,426,495 
 
 1900 
 
 116,816 
 
 11,385 
 
 28,022 
 
 96,009 
 
 135,416 
 
 32-25 
 
 3,073,871 
 
 2,803,806 
 
 1901 
 
 125,290 
 
 10,863 
 
 36,110 
 
 104,897 
 
 151,870 
 
 36-23 
 
 3,280,427 
 
 3,066,147 
 
 1902 
 
 135,441 
 
 10,877 
 
 36,647 
 
 109,395 
 
 156,919 
 
 33-88 
 
 3,396,582 
 
 3,182,302 
 
 1903 
 
 145.666 
 
 11,645 
 
 37,079 
 
 115,519 
 
 164,243 
 
 32-09 
 
 3,591,155 
 
 3,365,155 
 
 1904 
 
 156^274 
 
 12,353 
 
 34,252 
 
 122,672 
 
 169,277 
 
 28-44 
 
 3,763,234 
 
 3,562,741 
 
 1905 
 
 213,937 
 
 12,434 
 
 41,880 
 
 134,562 
 
 188,876 
 
 25-38 
 
 4.265,424 
 
 3,774,264 
 
 1906 
 
 220,629 
 
 15,425 
 
 39,943 
 
 134,527 
 
 189,895 
 
 25-09 
 
 4,330,397 
 
 3,828,495 
 
 1907 
 
 217,864 
 
 17,146 
 
 44,995 
 
 140,980 
 
 203,121 
 
 28-52 
 
 4,414,822 
 
 3,922,514 
 
 1908 
 
 216,258 
 
 17,157 
 
 46,863 
 
 148,142 
 
 212,162 
 
 29-60 
 
 4,558,507 
 
 4,053,591 
 
 1909 
 
 214,212 
 
 18,029 
 
 50,545 
 
 151,317 
 
 219,891 
 
 32-01 
 
 4,731,983 
 
 4,225,239 
 
 1910 
 
 223,131 
 
 18,956 
 
 51,895 
 
 151,943 
 
 222,794 
 
 31-75 
 
 4,847,501 
 
 4,351,381 
 
 1911 
 
 234,208 
 
 20,979 
 
 58.657 
 
 159,070 
 
 238,706 
 
 34-00 
 
 5,003,008 
 
 4,496,290 
 
 1912 
 
 250,826 
 
 21,567 
 
 60^679 
 
 166,771 
 
 249,017 
 
 32-78 
 
 5,293.618 
 
 4,769,449 
 
 1913 
 
 268,292 
 
 24,456 
 
 66.638 
 
 171,957 
 
 263,051 
 
 33-95 
 
 5,631,499 
 
 5,083,263 
 
 1914 
 
 297,840 
 
 28,676 
 
 75.867 
 
 193,389 
 
 297,932 
 
 35-10 
 
 5,990,818 
 
 5,448,968 
 
 1915 
 
 344,489 
 
 27,526 
 
 84,283 
 
 205,928 
 
 317,737 
 
 32-45 
 
 6,291,791 
 
 5,775,094 
 
 1916 
 
 363,799 
 
 28,701 
 
 91,543 
 
 224,551 
 
 344,795 
 
 33-05 
 
 6,630,766 
 
 6,114,072 
 
 1917 
 
 387,333 
 
 34,531 
 
 103,886 
 
 269,723 
 
 408,140 
 
 35-73 
 
 6,920,863 
 
 6,722,313 
 
 Six months. 
 
 (c) Hunter District Water Supply. 
 
 1. General. The water supply works of the Lower Hunter were constructed by the 
 Government, and in 1892, under the authority of the Hunter River Water Supply and 
 Sewerage Act, handed over to a Board of seven members, of whom three are nominated 
 by the Governor, one elected by the Municipal Council of Newcastle, two by the adjacent 
 Municipalities, and one by the Municipalities of East and West Maitland and Morpeth. 
 The area within the Board's jurisdiction embraces fourteen Municipalities and portions 
 of four Shires. 
 
 2. Description of Works. The supply of water is pumped from the Hunter River, 
 about a mile and a-half upstream from the Belmore Bridge at West Maitland. At the 
 pumping station there is a settling tank of 1,390,500 gallons capacity, also seven filter 
 beds, of which six are 10,000 square feet, and one 15,000 square feet in area, a clear 
 water tank of 589,500 gallons capacity and a storage reservoir of 172,408,100 gallons 
 available capacity. The filtered water is pumped from the clear water tank into two 
 summit reservoirs, one at Rutherford and the other at Buttai. The former, connected 
 by a 10-in. main, with a capacity of 500,000 gallons, supplies East Maitland, West 
 Maitland, Morpeth, and neighbouring places. The latter is fed by two rising mains, 
 5 miles in length, has a capacity of 1,051,010 gallons, and supplies Newcastle and its 
 environs. Twelve district reservoirs, which are supplied from Buttai, nine by gravitation, 
 and three by repumping, receive water for distribution. 
 
 The length of the mains when the Board was established was 134 miles, and at 
 30th June, 1917, it had been increased to 419 miles. 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 163 
 
 3. Houses supplied, &c. The following table shews the number of houses and 
 the estimated population supplied with water, the average daily supply, and the average 
 supply per house and per head for the years 1893 to 1917 : 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. HUNTER DISTRICT WATER SUPPLY. HOUSES AND 
 POPULATION SUPPLIED, DAILY SUPPLY, ETC., 1893 TO 1917. 
 
 Year ending 
 30th June. 
 
 Houses 
 supplied. 
 
 Estimated 
 Population 
 supplied. 
 
 Average 
 Daily Supply 
 of Water. 
 
 Average Daily Supply. 
 
 Per House. 
 
 Per Head. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 1893 
 
 3,421 
 
 17,105 
 
 451,005 
 
 131-83 
 
 26-37 
 
 1894 
 
 3,848 
 
 19,240 
 
 418,766 
 
 108-83 
 
 21-76 
 
 1895 
 
 4,640 
 
 23,200 
 
 518,038 
 
 111-65 
 
 22-23 
 
 1896 
 
 6,246 
 
 31,230 
 
 606,728 
 
 97-14 
 
 19-42 
 
 1897 
 
 6,931 
 
 34,655 
 
 731,451 
 
 105-97 
 
 21-10 
 
 1898 
 
 7,475 
 
 37,375 
 
 781,004 
 
 104-48 
 
 20-89 
 
 1899 
 
 7,920 
 
 39,600 
 
 868,997 
 
 109-72 
 
 21-94 
 
 1900 
 
 8,423 
 
 42,115 
 
 908,634 
 
 107-88 
 
 21-57 
 
 1901 
 
 9,086 
 
 45,430 
 
 1,005,176 
 
 110-63 
 
 22-12 
 
 1902 
 
 9,875 
 
 49,375 
 
 1,119,200 
 
 113-34 
 
 22-66 
 
 1903 
 
 10,522 
 
 52,610 
 
 1,112,798 
 
 105-76 
 
 21-15 
 
 1904 
 
 11,100 
 
 * 55,500 
 
 1,092,770 
 
 98-45 
 
 19-67 
 
 1905 
 
 12,167 
 
 60,835 
 
 ,265,577 
 
 104-01 
 
 20-80 
 
 1906 
 
 12,968 
 
 64,840 
 
 ,478,506 
 
 114-01 
 
 22-80 
 
 1907 
 
 13,569 
 
 67,845 
 
 ,479,354 
 
 109-02 
 
 21-80 
 
 1908 
 
 14,457 
 
 72,285 
 
 ,654,123 
 
 114-40 
 
 22-88 
 
 1909 
 
 15,679 
 
 78,395 
 
 ,766,271 
 
 112-65 
 
 22-53 
 
 1910 
 
 16,446 
 
 82,230 
 
 ,650,677 
 
 100-35 
 
 20-07 
 
 1911 
 
 17,164 
 
 85,820 
 
 ,849,900 
 
 107-75 
 
 21-55 
 
 1912 
 
 17,907 
 
 89,535 
 
 2,026,134 
 
 113-85 
 
 22-77 
 
 1913 
 
 18,407 
 
 92,925 
 
 2,366,279 
 
 128-56 
 
 25-71 
 
 1914 
 
 19,575 
 
 97,875 
 
 2,791,260 
 
 142-59 
 
 28-52 
 
 1915 
 
 20,709 
 
 103,345 
 
 2,859,032 
 
 138-06 
 
 27-61 
 
 1916 
 
 22,056 
 
 110,280 
 
 3,507,524 
 
 159-03 
 
 31-80 
 
 1917 
 
 22,604 
 
 113,377 
 
 3,435,336 
 
 151-97 
 
 30-30 
 
 4. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following table are shewn the revenue and 
 expenditure of the water supply branch of the Hunter District Water Supply and 
 Sewerage Board, together with the capital cost and capital debt to the Government in 
 respect of expenditure from Loan Fund at the close of each financial year from 1893 
 to 1917 :-- 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. HUNTER RIVER WATER SUPPLY. REVENUE, 
 EXPENDITURE, CAPITAL COST, ETC., 1893 TO 1917. 
 
 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 
 
 
 Year 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Percentage 
 of 
 
 Amount 
 
 Capital 
 
 ending 
 30th 
 June. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Manage- 
 ment. 
 
 Working 
 Expenses 
 
 Instal- 
 ments 
 for 
 Renewal 
 of 
 
 Interest 
 on 
 Capital 
 Expendi- 
 
 Total 
 Expendi- 
 ture. 
 
 Working 
 Expenses 
 to 
 Revenue. 
 
 of 
 Capital 
 Expendi- 
 ture. 
 
 Debt 
 to 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Works. 
 
 ture. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 * ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o/ 
 
 /o 
 
 
 
 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 22,651 
 
 4,314 
 
 3,728 
 
 355 
 
 14,154 
 
 22,551 
 
 37-07 
 
 404,407 
 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 21,406 
 
 4,619 
 
 4,194 
 
 572 
 
 14,206 
 
 23,591 
 
 43-84 
 
 405,871 
 
 . . 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 20,367 
 
 4,576 
 
 4,066 
 
 379 
 
 14,446 
 
 23,467 
 
 44-29 
 
 412,732 
 
 . . 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 20,779 
 
 4,433 
 
 3,991 
 
 388 
 
 14,550 
 
 23,362 
 
 42-41 
 
 415,784 
 
 . . 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 22,518 
 
 4,383 
 
 4,211 
 
 409 
 
 14,981 
 
 23,984 
 
 39-98 
 
 428,025 
 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 25,646 
 
 4,570 
 
 4,516 
 
 2,434 
 
 18,179 
 
 29,699 
 
 44-91 
 
 519,414 
 
 
164 
 
 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. HUNTER RIVER WATER SUPPLY. REVENUE, 
 EXPENDITURE, CAPITAL COST, ETC. continued,. 
 
 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 Percentage 
 
 
 "V>a.r 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 of Amount 
 
 Capital 
 
 x ear 
 ending 
 30th 
 June. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Manage- 
 ment 
 
 Working 
 
 Expenses 
 
 Instal- 
 ments 
 for 
 Renewal 
 of 
 
 Interest 
 on 
 Capital 
 Expendi- 
 
 Total 
 Expendi- 
 ture. 
 
 Working 
 Expenses 
 to 
 Revenue. 
 
 of 
 Capital 
 Expendi- 
 ture. 
 
 Debt 
 to 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Works. 
 
 ture. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 26,478 
 
 4,848 
 
 5,014 
 
 4,292 
 
 16,726 
 
 30,880 
 
 53-45 
 
 477,890 
 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 26,356 
 
 4,085 
 
 5,489 
 
 4,325 
 
 16,824 
 
 30,723 
 
 52-73 
 
 480,689 
 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 27,405 
 
 3,986 
 
 5,630 
 
 4,328 
 
 17,004 
 
 30,948 
 
 50-88 
 
 485,835 
 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 29,558 
 
 4,533 
 
 5,834 
 
 4,430 
 
 17,312 
 
 32,109 
 
 50-06 
 
 494,644 ! 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 31,102 
 
 4,689 
 
 5,511 
 
 4,490 
 
 17,527 
 
 32,217 
 
 47-23 
 
 500,784 
 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 31,360 
 
 4,636 
 
 5,120 
 
 4,561 
 
 18,044 
 
 32,361 
 
 45-65 
 
 515,565 
 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 34,486 
 
 4,764 
 
 5,554 
 
 4,732 
 
 18,664 
 
 33,714 
 
 43-64 
 
 533,270 
 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 40,801 
 
 4,698 
 
 6,098 
 
 4,937 
 
 19,068 
 
 34,801 
 
 38-56 
 
 544,798 
 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 41,822 
 
 5,040 
 
 6,818 
 
 5,069 
 
 21,959 
 
 38,886 
 
 40-47 
 
 398,618 
 
 380,076 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 43,609 
 
 5,551 
 
 8,543 
 
 9,661 
 
 15,910 
 
 39,665 
 
 54-47 
 
 454,199 
 
 435,656 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 43,395 
 
 6,352 
 
 8,287 
 
 10,260 
 
 16,285 
 
 41,184 
 
 57-39 
 
 474,485 
 
 455,943 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 46,768 
 
 5,974 
 
 10,332 
 
 10,500 
 
 16,320 
 
 43,126 
 
 57-31 
 
 485,967 
 
 467,425 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 45,711 
 
 6,434 
 
 11,340 
 
 10,676 
 
 16.970 
 
 45,420 
 
 62-24 
 
 495,747 
 
 477,204 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 47,788 
 
 7,574 
 
 12,256 
 
 10,653 
 
 17,437 
 
 47,920 
 
 63-79 
 
 510,897 
 
 492,355 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 53,673 
 
 7,553 
 
 13,379 
 
 10,574 
 
 17,536 
 
 49,042 
 
 58-69 
 
 531,969 
 
 512,862 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 66,323 
 
 8,586 
 
 14,488 
 
 10,708 
 
 19,211 
 
 52,993 
 
 50-93 
 
 567,842 
 
 534,514 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 68,611 
 
 8,724 
 
 15,523 
 
 11,028 
 
 20,108 
 
 55,383 
 
 51-41 
 
 601,983 
 
 561,447 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 79,507 
 
 9,143 
 
 16,154 
 
 11,337 
 
 21,802 
 
 58,436 
 
 46-07 
 
 634,265 
 
 592,880 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 78,040 
 
 11,169 
 
 17,341 
 
 11,185 
 
 25,643 
 
 65,338 
 
 50-86 
 
 704,305 
 
 
 (D) Hunter District Sewerage. 
 
 1. Newcastle and Suburbs Sewerage. The sewerage scheme for the Hunter District 
 has its outfall at Merewether Gulf, some distance south from Newcastle. Two gravitation 
 sewers which branch from the main, one at Merewether and the other in the City of 
 Newcastle, have been completed by the Government and transferred to the control of 
 the Hunter District Water and Sewerage Board, also the reticulation sewers for the 
 areas capable of being drained by gravitation. The first transfer was made in July, 1907. 
 
 2. Houses connected and Population served. In the following table are shewn the 
 number of properties connected and estimated population served for the years 1908 to 
 1917 by the Hunter District Sewerage Scheme : 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. HUNTER DISTRICT SEWERAGE. HOUSES CONNECTED AND 
 ESTIMATED POPULATION SERVED, 1908 TO 1917. 
 
 Year ending 
 30th June. 
 
 Properties 
 connected. 
 
 Estimated 
 Population 
 served. 
 
 Year ending 
 30th June. 
 
 Properties 
 connected. 
 
 Estimated 
 Population 
 served. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 1908 
 
 52 
 
 260 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 3,457 
 
 17,285 
 
 1909 
 
 228 
 
 1,140 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 4,887 
 
 24,435 
 
 1910 
 
 661 
 
 3,305 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 6,151 
 
 30,755 
 
 1911 
 
 1,465 
 
 7,325 
 
 1916 
 
 7,240 
 
 . . 
 
 1912 
 
 2,424 
 
 12,120 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 8,284 
 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 165 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following table shews the revenue, expenditure, 
 percentage of working c\pcn>cs to revenue, capital cost, and capital debt to Government 
 of the Hunter District Sewerage system for the years 1907 to 1917 : 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. HUNTER DISTRICT SEWERAGE. REVENUE, 
 EXPENDITURE, AND CAPITAL COST, 1907 TO 1917. 
 
 Year 
 
 
 Kxpriuliture. Percentage 
 of 
 
 Capital 
 
 ending 
 30th 
 June. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Manage- 
 ment. 
 
 Working 
 Kxpense*. 
 
 Interest. 
 
 Sinking 
 Fund. 
 
 fetal. 
 
 Working Capital 
 
 Kxpeiises Cost. 
 
 to 
 Revenue. 
 
 Debt 
 to 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 
 55,763 
 
 53,623 
 
 I90S . . 
 
 'l7 
 
 60 
 
 567 
 
 2,374 
 
 . 
 
 3,001 
 
 
 65,017 
 
 61,726 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 74;~, 
 
 226 
 
 599 
 
 2,779 
 
 636 
 
 4,240 
 
 
 87,127 
 
 87,127 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 6,192 
 
 660 
 
 935 
 
 3,814 
 
 708 
 
 6,117 
 
 37-19 
 
 128,655 
 
 128,655 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 8,975 
 
 1,080 
 
 2,097 
 
 5,368 
 
 1,040 
 
 9,585 
 
 46-98 
 
 170,151 
 
 170,151 
 
 1911' .. 
 
 11,000 
 
 1,786 
 
 2,892 
 
 7,331 
 
 1,324 
 
 13,333 
 
 r>4 .-,<; 
 
 246,915 
 
 237,497 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 1 i>,47i> 
 
 1,771 
 
 4,185 
 
 9,244 
 
 1,766 
 
 16,91.6 
 
 61-91 301,809 
 
 292,390 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 14,622 
 
 2,069 
 
 4,543 
 
 11,274 
 
 2,131 
 
 20,017 
 
 59-79 331,694 
 
 322,270 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 17. I'll' 
 
 2,303 
 
 4,530 
 
 12,281 
 
 2,212 
 
 21,326 
 
 52-55 ; 358,480 
 
 347,100 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 18,582 
 
 2,215 
 
 4,605 
 
 14,117 
 
 3,000 
 
 23,937 
 
 52-84 411,732 
 
 400,351 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 21,408 
 
 2,923 
 
 5,655 
 
 17,266 
 
 3,473 
 
 29,317 
 
 56-30 454,638 
 
 
 (E) Water Supply in Country Towns. 
 
 1. General. Under the Country Towns Water Supply and Sewerage Act 1890 the 
 capital required for carrying out the works for water supplies for country towns is 
 advanced by Government. These advances have to be repaid with 4 per cent, 
 interest in annual instalments, spread over a period of 100 years. The construction 
 may be done either by Government or by the Municipality at the option of the latter. 
 
 A special rate may be levied either on the unimproved or improved capital value of 
 rateable land for the purpose of defraying the expense. 
 
 2. Capital Debt and Annual Instalments Due. The following table shews the 
 number of Municipalities where waterworks have been constructed by the Government, 
 generally under Government supervision, the capital cost of completed works, and the 
 annual instalments payable in redemption of such cost from 1887 to 1917 : 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES.WATER SUPPLY, COUNTRY TOWNS. CAPITAL DEBT AND 
 ANNUAL INSTALMENTS PAYABLE, 1887 TO 1917. 
 
 
 Number 
 
 
 
 
 Number 
 
 
 
 Year ending 
 
 Of 
 
 Munici- 
 palities 
 and 
 
 Capital 
 
 Debt. 
 
 Annual 
 Instal- 
 ments. 
 
 Year ending 
 
 of 
 .Munici- 
 palities 
 and 
 
 Capital 
 
 Cost. 
 
 Annual 
 Instal- 
 ments. 
 
 
 Shires. 
 
 
 
 
 Shires. 
 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 1st Dec., 1887 
 
 7 
 
 222,728 
 
 
 30th June, 1903 
 
 30 
 
 499,249 
 
 18,055 
 
 1888 
 
 7 
 
 222,728 
 
 
 1904 
 
 33 
 
 577,557 
 
 20,884 
 
 1889 
 
 10 
 
 2( .2,958 
 
 
 1905 
 
 36 
 
 612,022 
 
 22,152 
 
 1890 
 
 10 
 
 271,806 
 
 
 1906 
 
 38 
 
 653,267 
 
 23,747 
 
 1891 
 
 11 
 
 298,127 
 
 
 1907 
 
 40 
 
 695,773 
 
 25,310 
 
 1892 
 
 14 
 
 325,750 
 
 
 1908 
 
 40 
 
 726,898 
 
 26,637 
 
 6th Feb., 1893 
 
 13 
 
 356,266 
 
 
 1909 
 
 40 
 
 731,016 
 
 26,850 
 
 31st Dec., 1893 
 
 16 
 
 363,210 
 
 . 
 
 1910 
 
 43 
 
 769,041 
 
 28,509 
 
 1895 
 
 16 
 
 360,944 
 
 12,740 
 
 1911 
 
 47 
 
 838,829 
 
 31,546 
 
 1896 
 
 20 
 
 409,260 
 
 14,532 
 
 1912 
 
 48 
 
 864,153 
 
 32,649 
 
 1897 
 
 20 
 
 409,260 
 
 14,532 
 
 1913 
 
 49 
 
 900,455 
 
 34,351 
 
 30th June, 1898 
 
 24 
 
 475,296 
 
 16,983 
 
 1914 
 
 50 
 
 915,535 
 
 35,034 
 
 1899 
 
 24 
 
 475,296 
 
 16,983 
 
 1915 
 
 51 
 
 939,702 
 
 35,386 
 
 31st Dec., 1900 
 
 27 
 
 501,277 
 
 17,960 
 
 1916 
 
 53 
 
 1,069,017 
 
 39,579 
 
 1901 
 
 28 
 
 507,719 
 
 18,215 
 
 1917 
 
 54 
 
 1,188,084 
 
 46,401 
 
 1902 
 
 30 
 
 504,123 
 
 18,055 
 
 
 
 
 
166 
 
 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following table are given the revenue and 
 expenditure of Municipalities and Shires on water supply, together with their assets and 
 liabilities, for the years 1908 to 1916 : 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. WATER SUPPLY, COUNTRY TOWNS. REVENUE, 
 EXPENDITURE, ASSETS AND LIABILITIES, 1908 TO 1916. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Assets and 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Year 
 ending 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "& 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31st 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 
 g 
 
 
 
 
 Decem- 
 
 
 
 g^ 
 
 
 
 CQ ^ 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 g 
 
 ber. 
 
 
 "8 * 
 
 3J| 
 
 
 1 
 
 be o a 
 
 G 03 m 
 
 1 
 
 -3 
 
 
 
 .S 
 
 
 | 
 
 II 
 
 i-s? 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 5 ta 
 
 J 
 
 is 
 
 | 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 I 
 
 3iS 
 
 g* 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 ifi 
 
 d 
 
 i i 
 
 3 x 
 
 ow 
 
 H 
 
 4 
 
 | 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1908 
 
 39,000 
 
 11,364 
 
 3,627 
 
 53,991 
 
 9,138 
 
 11,888 
 
 25,559 
 
 4,554 
 
 51,139 
 
 733,351 
 
 713,081 
 
 1909 
 1910 
 
 42,319 
 45,199 
 
 14,138 
 17,273 
 
 4,493 
 
 4,487 
 
 60,950 
 66,959 
 
 10,907 
 12,168 
 
 12,642 
 24,034 
 
 25,479 
 28,816 
 
 6,039 
 5,444 
 
 55,067 
 70,462 
 
 794,314 
 908,355 
 
 763,680 
 
 885,523 
 
 1911 
 
 47,066 
 
 19,405 
 
 5,490 
 
 71,961 
 
 12,598 
 
 20,066 
 
 29,743 
 
 8,407 
 
 70,814 
 
 927,777 
 
 903,795 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 
 50,216 
 
 54,782 
 
 22,362 
 24,849 
 
 5,957 
 8,197 
 
 78,535 
 
 87,828 
 
 12,562 
 13,472 
 
 20,632 
 24,781 
 
 29,887 
 30,919 
 
 7,623 
 8,850 
 
 70,704 
 78,022 
 
 945,275 
 981,523 
 
 911,762 
 941,659 
 
 1914 
 1915 
 
 63,587 
 66,17S 
 
 23,941 
 24,997 
 
 6,171 
 7,616 
 
 93,699 
 98,786 
 
 14,753 
 14,394 
 
 29,389 
 30,664 
 
 31,370 
 32,949 
 
 9,221 
 8,931 
 
 84,733 
 86,938 
 
 1,022,993 
 1,040,043 
 
 974,247 
 971,281 
 
 1916 . 
 
 70,134 
 
 26,256 
 
 7,451 
 
 103,841 
 
 15,015 
 
 31,767 
 
 37,451 
 
 8,382 
 
 92,615 
 
 1,110,797 
 
 1,034,255 
 
 4. Waterworks Constructed by Municipalities. In addition to the above Muni- 
 cipalities, which have constructed waterworks on loans advanced by the Government, a 
 few have constructed waterworks out of their own resources. The following table 
 shews the number which have adopted this latter course, and the estimated value of such 
 waterworks for the years 1891 to 1908, later figures for these Municipalities not being 
 available : 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. WATER SUPPLY, COUNTRY TOWNS. ESTIMATED VALUE 
 OF WATERWORKS, 1891 TO 1908. 
 
 Year ending 
 
 Number of 
 Munici- 
 palities. 
 
 Estimated 
 Value of 
 Water- 
 works. 
 
 Year ending 
 
 Number of 
 Munici- 
 palities. 
 
 Estimated 
 Value of 
 Water- 
 works. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31st December, 1891 
 
 5 
 
 48,000 
 
 4th February, 1901 
 
 11 
 
 71,589 
 
 1892 
 
 6 
 
 51,000 
 
 3rd February, 1902 
 
 11 
 
 71,409 
 
 1893 
 
 6 
 
 51,300 
 
 2nd February, 1903 
 
 11 
 
 71,458 
 
 4th February, 1895 
 
 6 
 
 54,300 
 
 1st February, 1904 
 
 12 
 
 71,824 
 
 3rd February, 1896 
 
 6 
 
 54,700 
 
 6th February, 1905 
 
 13 
 
 72,051 
 
 1st February, 1897 
 
 7 
 
 56,250 
 
 5th February, 1906 
 
 14 
 
 73,912 
 
 31st January, 1898 
 
 7 
 
 65,830 
 
 3rd February, 1907 
 
 15 
 
 73,712 
 
 6th February, 1899 
 
 8 
 
 65,830 
 
 2nd February, 1908 
 
 15 
 
 74,905 
 
 5th February, 1900 
 
 9 
 
 71,407 
 
 
 
 
 (F) Sewerage in Country Towns. 
 
 1. General. Under the Country Towns Water Supply and Sewerage Act 1880 and 
 its amendments, sewerage and drainage works have been constructed by the Govern- 
 ment in several country towns and handed over on completion to the control of the 
 Municipal Councils. 
 
 Other sewerage systems are in existence is several places, but they have been con- 
 structed apart from the Act, and, with few exceptions, the operations have been on a 
 minor scale. 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 1G7 
 
 2. Capital Debt, &c. The following tables give particulars for the years 1905 to 
 1917 of the capital debt and annual instalments payable by the several Municipalities 
 which have availed themselves of the provisions of the Act for the construction of 
 sewerage works : 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. COUNTRY TOWNS. SEWERAGE WORKS CONSTRUCTED BY 
 GOVERNMENT CAPITAL DEBT, 1905 TO 1917. 
 
 Vi-ar .ending 
 30th June. 
 
 Number of 
 Munici- 
 palities. 
 
 Capital 
 Debt, 
 
 Annual 
 Instal- 
 ments. 
 
 Year ending 
 30th June. 
 
 Number of 
 Munici- 
 palities. 
 
 Capital 
 Debt. 
 
 Annual 
 Instal- 
 ments. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1905 
 
 3 
 
 5,075 
 
 214 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 10 
 
 119,879 
 
 4,428 
 
 1906 
 
 6 
 
 33,070 
 
 1,245 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 11 
 
 141,165 
 
 5,348 
 
 1907 
 
 8 
 
 51,876 
 
 1,937 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 11 
 
 169,393 
 
 6,479 
 
 1908 
 
 8 
 
 51,445 
 
 1,911 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 13 
 
 171,905 
 
 6,592 
 
 1909 
 
 8 
 
 51,445 
 
 1,911 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 14 
 
 240,290 
 
 6,537* 
 
 1910 
 
 9 
 
 53,869 
 
 2,041 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 16 
 
 338,313 
 
 14,131 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 17 
 
 342,139 
 
 14,211 
 
 * Annual instalments of two Municipalities not fixed. 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following table shews the revenue, expenditure, 
 assets and liabilities of the same Municipalities, but as some of their number do not levy 
 a special sewerage rate their financial statements cannot be given : 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. COUNTRY TOWNS. SEWERAGE WORKS CONSTRUCTED BY 
 GOVERNMENT REVENUE, EXPENDITURE, ASSETS, AND LIABILITIES, 1908 
 TO 1916. 
 
 Vpar 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Assets and 
 Liabilities. 
 
 ft JL C3T 
 
 ending 
 
 01 f 
 
 Number 
 of 
 
 
 
 
 
 Working 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 olSL 
 
 Decem- 
 ber. 
 
 Munici- 
 palities. 
 
 Bates. 
 
 Other 
 Re- 
 ceipts. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Manage- 
 ment. 
 
 Expenses, 
 Main- 
 tenance, 
 Renewals, 
 
 In- 
 terest. 
 
 Other 
 Expen- 
 diture. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Lia- 
 bilities. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 &c. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1908 
 
 5 
 
 2,397 
 
 75 
 
 2,472 
 
 534 
 
 451 
 
 3,320 
 
 163 
 
 4,468 
 
 49,967 
 
 50,768 
 
 1909 
 
 5 
 
 3,392 
 
 444 
 
 3,836 
 
 550 
 
 835 
 
 1,678 
 
 54 
 
 3,117 
 
 51,127 
 
 51,418 
 
 1910 
 
 6 
 
 3,097 
 
 1,823 
 
 4,920 
 
 1,044 
 
 1,555 
 
 3,058 
 
 279 
 
 5,936 
 
 118,797 
 
 120,104 
 
 1911 
 
 7 
 
 6,639 
 
 1,907 
 
 8,546 
 
 1,460 
 
 2,479 
 
 3,896 
 
 259 
 
 8,094 
 
 142.631 
 
 143,486 
 
 1912 
 
 7 
 
 8,343 
 
 1,667 
 
 10,010 
 
 1,410 
 
 2,798 
 
 4,425 
 
 557 
 
 9,190 
 
 150,048 
 
 150,082 
 
 1913 
 
 7 
 
 9,637 
 
 1,738 
 
 11,375 
 
 1,506 
 
 3,139 
 
 5,218 
 
 300 
 
 10,163 
 
 171,280 
 
 170,107 
 
 1914 
 
 7 
 
 10,207 
 
 1,844 
 
 12,051 
 
 1,697 
 
 3,527 
 
 5,449 
 
 345 
 
 11,018 
 
 177,881 
 
 175,808 
 
 1915 
 
 9 
 
 13,274 
 
 2,162 
 
 15,436 
 
 1,983 
 
 4,532 
 
 8,304 
 
 522 
 
 15,341 
 
 280,235 
 
 278,343 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 10 
 
 14,357 
 
 2,042 
 
 16,399 
 
 2,397 
 
 4,195 
 
 9,739 
 
 516 
 
 16,847 
 
 349,234 
 
 348,216 
 
 (c) Water, Irrigation, and Drainage Trusts. 
 
 1. General. The first Act passed in connexion with drainage was the Drainage 
 Promotion Act 1865, and authorized the formation of Trusts for the purpose of draining 
 swamp lands. In 1902 the Water and Drainage Act empowering the creation of Trusts 
 for irrigation, water supply, and artesian bores was passed. This Act was repealed by 
 the Water Act 1912 now in force. 
 
 In addition, special Acts were passed, under which the Municipalities of Hay, Went- 
 worth, and Balranald were appointed Trustees of irrigation areas within their boundaries. 
 The properties of these Trusts were, however, handed over to the Government in 1913. 
 
 All other irrigation schemes are now carried out by the Government, a special 
 Department of Water Conservation and Irrigation having been created for the purpose 
 of controlling them and other matters. 
 
168 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE 
 
 2. Drainage Promotion Act 1865. Whenever any tract of land was so circumstanced 
 that from any permanent or occasional cause considerable quantities of water accumulated 
 to the injury of such land, one or more owners thereof could petition the Governor that 
 all the owners of such land could be constituted a Union for the purpose of compulsory 
 drainage and contribution. In the event of a counter petition from one-fifth of the 
 owners the Governor caused the area to be examined, otherwise he could proclaim the 
 owners to be a " Drainage Union." The increased value of the land was to be assessed 
 and a Board of from three to seven Directors, with two Auditors, was to be elected at a 
 meeting of the land-owners. At this meeting the number of votes allotted was as 
 follows : one, if the increased value was less than 50, two, if 50 and less than'100, 
 three, if 100 and under 250. four, if 250 and under 500, and five, if 500 and over. 
 
 The Board of Directors was to make an annual assessment not exceeding 10 per cent, 
 of the increased value, to make an estimate of the cost for the current year of the upkeep 
 and to raise the amount necessary therefor by an assessment on the increased value of 
 the land, including that of the Crown. 
 
 Holders of land were to pay a rate not exceeding 20 per cent, of the increased annual 
 value thereof. The Board could borrow on mortgage or otherwise up to an amount 
 not exceeding the estimated revenue for five years. 
 
 On petition from one-third of the members the Governor could dissolve a Union. 
 
 In 1895 there were seven such Drainage Unions working, which were organized for 
 the purpose of draining swamp lands on the Macleay, Shoalhaven, and other coastal 
 rivers. 
 
 3. Drainage Promotion Act 1901. This Act repealed the 1865 Act, but existing 
 Drainage Unions remained in existence. The provisions of this Act regarding rates, 
 assessments, Boards of Directors, and other matters were practically the same as those 
 of the 1865 Act ; the chief alteration made being that the assessment of the increased 
 annual value was to be made by a sworn appraiser appointed by Government. 
 
 4. Water and Drainage Act 1902. Under this Act the Governor was empowered to 
 borrow a sum not exceeding 200,000 annually for five years for the purpose of carrying 
 out works of water supply, water conservation, irrigation, or drainage, and a Board of 
 Government Officers was appointed to supervise the expenditure. 
 
 Where the estimated cost of any work of water conservation, or in respect of any 
 works of water supply, irrigation, or drainage exceeded 5,000, the Secretary for Public^ 
 Works could propose that a Trust be formed for the maintenance, administration, and 
 extension of such works. The number of Trustees must be either three or five, and be 
 elected for three years by persons liable to pay rates to the Trust. In the case of a 
 Trust in charge of drainage or irrigation works, the occupier of land not exceeding 50 
 acres was entitled to one vote, if exceeding 50 acres and not exceeding 300 acres two 
 votes, and if exceeding 300 acres three votes. Similarly in case of a Trust in charge of 
 water supplies for domestic and stock purposes, the number of votes was one for an 
 area up to 2,000 acres, two up to 10,000 acres, and three for over 10,000 acres. 
 
 Trustees could fix and levy rates per acre of land benefited for stock and drainage 
 purposes, per acre of irrigable land in case of irrigation, and per tenement for water supply 
 for domestic purposes. 
 
 This Act was amended in 1906, and its provisions extended to works for the prevention 
 of floods and the control of flood waters. Borrowing powers were extended for another 
 five years, and the formation of Trusts authorized where the cost of construction of 
 works was under 5,000. 
 
 In 1911 provision was made for borrowing for a further five years. 
 
 5. Water Act 1912. By this Act the previous Acts were repealed, and their pro- 
 visions consolidated. Practically there are no differences in the provisions of this Act 
 and those of the Drainage Promotion Act 1901 and of the Water and Drainage Act 1902 
 and their amendments. 
 
 At the 30th June, 1917, there were 33 Trusts for reclamation of swamps and other 
 lands in operation, with a total length of drains of 123 miles ; the total area served being 
 133,098 acres. The total cost was 118,749, and the annual payments 6,872. 
 
 6. Wentworth Irrigation Act 1890. The Wentworth Irrigation Trust, consisting of 
 the members of the Municipal Council of Wentworth, was created in order to utilize the 
 waters of Fletcher's Lake for irrigating an area of 10,900 acres of land and for other 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 169 
 
 purposes. The Trust had power to erect dams and other works, and to divert water 
 from Fletcher's Lake and from the Rivers Darling and Murray. Irrigated land 
 could be leased for 30 years. The Trust could fix rates (a) for domestic use ; (b) for 
 watering stock and washing sheep ; (c) for irrigation ; and (d) for power ; and could 
 borrow, with the sanction of the Governor, up to two-thirds of the estimated value of 
 the propertv M liich the Trust would possess on the completion of the works. 
 
 Under the 1 rri\nifion Act 1912 the property and powers of the Wentworth Irrigation 
 Trust were on the 1st of January, 1913, transferred to the Commissioner for Water 
 i 'onscrvation and Irrigation, and thus placed under Government control. 
 
 7. Hay Irrigation Act 1892. The Council of the Municipal District of Hay was 
 empowered, by this Act to be a Trust to use the waters of the Murrumbidgee River for 
 the purposes of irrigating 19,847 acres of land. The provisions of this Act were similar 
 to those of the previous (Wentworth) Act, except that the aggregate amount of money 
 borrowed must not exceed the estimated revenue for seven years. 
 
 In 1896 the area was reduced to 3,000 acres, and at the same- time the Trust was 
 remodelled to consist of three persons resident in the Land District of Hay appointed by 
 the Governor, and three officers of the public service. 
 
 In 1902 the Act of 1892, with its amendments, was consolidated, but no material 
 alterations were made in the provisions. 
 
 On the first of January, 1913, the duties and property of the Trust were handed over 
 to the Commissioner for Water Conservation and Irrigation. 
 
 8. Balranald Irrigation Act 1893. The provisions of this Act were similar to those 
 contained in the Hay Irrigation Act, the Council of the Municipality of Balranald being 
 the Trust authorized to use water from the Murrumbidgee River for the purpose of 
 irrigating 1,000 acres of land. This Trust does not appear to have been very successful, 
 as in 1897 the Trustees petitioned for its dissolution. In 1902, however, a fresh Act 
 was p'assed, repealing the previous Act, and conferring the same powers and duties on 
 the Council of the Municipality of Balranald as before ; however, these duties and 
 powers were handed over to the Commissioner for Water Conservation and Irrigation on 
 the first of January, 1913. 
 
 2. Victoria. 
 
 (A) Melbourne Water Supply. 
 
 1. General. Originally the water supply of Melbourne was in the hands of the City 
 Council, but in 1853 the duty of supplying the metropolis with water was transferred to 
 the Commissioner of Sewers, who had control until March, 1891. 
 
 The whole of the property, together with the control of the metropolitan water supply 
 was handed over in 1891 to the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board* of Works, a body 
 established by an Act passed in 1890 for the purpose of managing the water supply and 
 the sewerage of Melbourne and its suburbs. 
 
 2. The Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works. This Board was established 
 by the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works Act which came into force on 20th 
 December, 1890, and entered on its duties on 18th March, 1891. It consists of 40 
 members, one of whom is Chairman, elected every four years by the other members, but 
 he need not necessarily be elected from among the members of the Board. Originally 
 seven members were elected by the Melbourne City Council, four by the South Melbourne, 
 three by the Prahran, two each by the Fitzroy, Richmond, St. Kilda, and Collingwood 
 Councils, and one each by the other suburban Municipal Councils interested, but in 
 1915 the number of members elected by the Melbourne City Council was raised to nine, 
 and only members of Municipal Councils are eligible for election. Thirteen of the 
 members retire annually in February, but are eligible for re-election if they remain 
 members of their respective Councils. The district over which the Board exercises 
 control consists of seventeen Cities, three Towns, two Shires, and parts of three other 
 Municipalities, comprising a total area of 109,009 acres, and containing an estimated 
 population on the 30th June, 1917, of 727,196, including those supplied with water 
 outside the Board's area. The waterworks for the supply of Melbourne and suburbs 
 were originally constructed by the Government which had, for that purpose, contracted 
 loans amounting to 2,389,934. These works were .vested in the Board in 1891. The 
 
170 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 primary object of the creation of the Board was not, however, to take over these works, 
 but to supply the long-called-for and pressing want of a sewerage system for the 
 metropolis, a description of which is given further on (see page 176.) 
 
 3. Metropolitan Water Supply. During the years 1835 to 1857 the inhabitants 
 depended for their water supply entirely upon rain water caught in tanks or upon water 
 from the River Yarra above the falls, where Queen's Bridge is now situated. In order to 
 obviate the expense of carting from the river, a small steam-engine was erected in 1850 
 to pump water into a tank situated in Flinders-street, from which water was drawn and 
 distributed by carts. In 1851 a report was issued by the City Surveyor recommending 
 a scheme for the City water supply, which was soon afterwards adopted. The source 
 from which it was proposed to obtain the supply consisted of several creeks and springs 
 which flow from Mount Disappointment, about 33 miles north of the metropolis, and which, 
 when united, form the Plenty River. This plan was adopted, and is known as the Yan 
 Yean Reservoir Scheme. In 1853 the duty of supplying water to the metropolis was 
 transferred from the City Council to the Commissioners of Sewers and Water Supply, 
 appointed by the Government. All the works connected with the metropolitan water 
 supply were constructed and maintained by Government until 1891, when they were 
 handed over to the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works. Work on the Yan 
 Yean reservoir commenced on the 20th December, 1853, and the water was formally 
 turned on to the City of Melbourne on the 27th December, 1857. A survey was made 
 in 1880 of the Watts River as a source of supply, and in accordance with the report 
 made on this river the Maroondah system was commenced in 1885 and completed in 1891. 
 The O'Shannassy system was commenced in 1911, and was in full operation by October, 
 1914. 
 
 4. Description of Water Supply Systems. The water supply of Melbourne consists 
 of three main systems, the Yan Yean (including the high level main), the Maroondah, 
 and the O'Shannassy systems. 
 
 (i) The Yan Yean System. This system commences by collecting the water from the 
 Silver and Wallaby Creeks to the north of Mount Disappointment, which is 2,700 feet 
 high, and forms one of the prominent heights of the main Dividing Range. The 
 waters of Silver Creek are brought by means of an aqueduct a little over 8 miles 
 in length, and constructed at a cost of 59,603, to a weir at the head of the Wallaby 
 Creek aqueduct. This aqueduct carries the combined waters of the two creeks for 
 a distance of 5 miles, discharges over the crest of the Dividing Range at a 
 height of 1,694 feet above sea-level, and then drops a height of 133 feet in 683 feet into 
 Jack's Creek, one of the branches of the Plenty River. The Wallaby Creek aqueduct 
 was constructed at a cost of 68,284, including the diversion weir, and its carrying 
 capacity is 33,000,000 gallons a day ; while the average daily flow of the combined Silver 
 and Wallaby Creeks is 12,000,000 gallons. From its drop into Jack's Creek, the water 
 follows the natural bed of the stream for about 3 miles to the Toorourrong reservoir, 
 which is about 36 acres in extent, and has a capacity of 60,000,000 gallons. The total 
 catchment area consists of 22,000 acres. The waters of the eastern branch of the Plenty 
 River and of Jack's Creek, augmented by the Wallaby aqueduct, are conveyed from the 
 Toorourrong Reservoir by the Yan Yean aqueduct. This aqueduct is 4f miles long, has 
 a carrying capacity of 120,000,000 gallons a day, and, together with the Toorourrong 
 Reservoir, cost 77,808. In this channel there is one short inverted syphon, consisting 
 of 36-in. cast-iron pipes. The Yan Yean Reservoir is situated 22 miles from the City, 
 on a reserve of 5,700 acres ; it covers an area of 1,360 acres, has a maximum depth of 
 26 feet, an average depth of 18 feet, and a total capacity of 6,400,000 gallons, of which 
 5,400,000 gallons are available for consumption. Its supply, irrespective of that derived 
 from its own catchment area of 5,700 acres, was at first obtained from the Plenty River 
 by means of an aqueduct, 2 miles long, capable of carrying 150,000,000 gallons per day, 
 the last quarter of a mile being tunnelled. In 1883 the Wallaby Creek aqueduct was 
 built, and in 1886 the Silver Creek aqueduct. The main from Yan Yean to Melbourne 
 consisted originally of pipes of three sizes, the first length from Yan Yean to Morang. 
 7 miles, being 30 inches ; the second, from Morang to Preston, 6 miles, 27 inches ; and the 
 third, from Preston to Melbourne, 6 miles, 24 inches in diameter. The Preston Reservoir 
 was built in 1864, is 20 feet deep, holds 16,000,000 gallons, and cost 11,000 ; the by- wash 
 being 326 feet above sea-level. In 1869 a second 24-in. main was laid from Preston to 
 Collingwood, capable of delivering 10,000,000 gallons per day. In 1874 a cast-iron main. 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 171 
 
 18 inches in diameter, and capable of delivering 4,500,000 gallons per day was laid from 
 Preston, via Coburg and Brunswick, into the City. In order to provide increased facilities 
 for bringing water from the Yan Yean Reservoir to Preston, the 30-in. pipes as far as 
 Morang were raised in 1876 and relaid alongside the 27-in. pipes from Morang to Preston, 
 and in their place an open aqueduct, known as the Morang aqueduct, was built. This 
 aqueduct is capable of carrying 33,000,000 gallons per day, crosses the Plenty River on a 
 stone bridge of a single arch of 45 -ft. span, and terminates in a pipe head reservoir, 14 feet 
 deep, capable of holding 3,000,000 gallons, the by- wash level of which is 485 feet above 
 sea-level. In 1877 a third 24-in. main was laid from Preston to the Merri Creek, and being 
 there reduced to 18-in. diameter, was, in 1878, taken over the Yarra to supply Kew and 
 Hawthorn ; and in 1880 a further 16-in. main was laid on to those suburbs. In 1883 a 
 fourth 24-in. main was laid from Preston to Melbourne. Until 1886 all the mains were 
 of cast iron. The first wrought-iron main was 30 inches in diameter, and was laid in 
 Preston in 1886 from the Reservoir to Oakover-road, and continued thence to Merri 
 Creek by 30-in. cast-iron pipes. A second 30-in. wrought-iron pipe was laid in 1887 
 from Morang to Preston, and in the same year a 24-in. wrought-iron main was laid through 
 Kew. Another 30-in. main was laid in 1889 from the Preston Reservoir to Melbourne, 
 with smaller branches to Essendon and South Melbourne. 
 
 In order to supply the eastern suburbs of Box Hill, Surrey Hills, &c., a wrought-iron 
 main 32 inches in diameter was laid direct from Yan Yean to a reservoir at Surrey Hills. 
 This main was completed in 1891, is 20 miles long, cost 199,126, and is capable of 
 discharging 9,000,000 gallons daily. It crosses the Yarra at Heidelberg on an iron girder 
 bridge. 
 
 The first service reservoir was constructed at Essendon. It is capable of holding 
 1,000,000 gallons, was completed in 1881, and cost 1,100. In 1883 a second was built 
 alongside, capable of holding 6,000,000 gallons, and costing 6,500. The Caulfield service 
 reservoir was built in 1883, at a cost of 13,500, and has a capacity of 10,000,000 gallons. 
 The Kew service reservoir was built in 1886, and is capable of holding 3,000,000 gallons. 
 It cost 6,510. 
 
 (ii) The Maroondah System. The survey for this system was made in 1880, the inten- 
 tion being to convey the water from the Watts River, east of Healesville, to the Preston 
 Reservoir. The average daily flow of the Watts River and its tributaries is 42,000,000 
 gallons, and the minimum flow 25,000,000 gallons. It was estimated that by erecting 
 a dam 105 feet high across the Watts Valley 2,000,000,000 gallons could be stored. The 
 name of the Watts River was changed in 1891 to Maroondah River, and the scheme 
 completed, with the exception of the dam. The aqueduct is 41 miles in length, 25 miles 
 being open contour channel. There are twelve tunnels of an aggregate length of 6 miles, 
 while fourteen inverted syphons make up the remaining 9^ miles. The complete scheme 
 provides for an aqueduct capable of carrying 50,000,000 gallons daily, but, although the 
 greater part of the channel and all the tunnels are completed to their full size, a portion 
 of the aqueduct is only made sufficiently high to carry 28,000,000 gallons daily. The 
 inverted syphons are 53 or 30 inches in diameter, and are laid under the beds of the streams 
 they cross, with the exception of that at the Plenty River, which is carried by a wrought- 
 iron girder bridge. A weir has also been built on the Graceburn, and the water conveyed 
 in an open channel for three-quarters of a mile, and thence by an 18-in. wrought-iron 
 syphon, 1 miles long, across the valley of the Maroondah to the main aqueduct. A 
 7-in. pipe for the supply of Healesville is taken from the Graceburn channel. The area 
 of the watershed is about 40,000 acres. In 1893 the supply was further augmented by 
 the- diversion of Donnelly's Creek. In 1907 the sides of the Maroondah aqueduct were 
 raised, and in 1909 an increase of 3,700,000 gallons a day was obtained by a 12-in. and 
 15-in. extension, 3| miles in length, from the Graceburn syphon to tap the waters of the 
 Coranderrk Creek at a diversion weir. The cost of the Coranderrk scheme was 9,126. 
 It is intended to proceed with the erection of the Maroondah dam, and the Government 
 has been asked to vest the catchment areas of the Upper Yarra in the Board. 
 
 (iii) The O'Shannassy System. The O'Shannassy watershed was vested in the Board 
 in 1910, and contains an area of about 33,000 acres. In 1914 the scheme was in full 
 operation for the delivery of 20,000,000 gallons per day. The O'Shannassy River has 
 been diverted by means of a concrete weir at a point about 3f miles above its confluence 
 with the River Yarra. From this point an aqueduct 48f miles long delivers the water into 
 a new service reservoir of 15,000,000 gallons capacity at Surrey Hills. This reservoir is 
 
172 
 
 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 connected to and on the same level as the one installed in 1891, and cost 19,376. The 
 aqueduct consists of 23 miles of open or covered channel, three tunnels aggregating a 
 little over half-a-mile in length, 22f miles of 34 to 36 inch steel pipes, a quarter of a mile 
 of reinforced 38J-in. concrete pipes, and 2 miles of 30 to 36 inch wood stave pipes, or a 
 total of 25 miles of pipe line and 23 miles of channel and tunnel. The channel is at 
 present capable of carrying 20,000,000 gallons a day, but in some sections 60,000,000 
 gallons can be carried, as is also the case with the tunnels. The aqueduct follows the 
 slopes of the main Yarra Valley to a point near Launching Place, whence it passes through 
 Wandin to Olinda at 671 feet above sea-level. At Olinda there is a pipe-head reservoir 
 of 1 1,000,000 gallons capacity, with screening chambers, which cost 21,016. It is intended 
 to construct service reservoirs at Mitcham, with an aggregate capacity of about 60,000,000 
 gallons. 
 
 (iv) Catchment Areas. The whole of the catchment areas are absolutely free from 
 population or cultivation. The Government pursued the policy of gradually purchasing 
 all private rights over the various watersheds, which policy the Board has continued. 
 The original owners have been bought out, while the township of Fernshaw, in the 
 Maroondah system, was entirely purchased and obliterated. The present drainage area* 
 from which the water is delivered cover the following : 
 
 Yan Yean 
 Maroondah . 
 O'Shannassy 
 
 29,000 acres. 
 40,000 
 33,000 
 
 Total 
 
 102,000 
 
 (v) Storage Reservoirs. In addition to the reservoirs already mentioned, a second 
 service reservoir of 24,500,000 gallons capacity was completed at Preston in 1909, and 
 cost 25,007. In 1911 a service reservoir, costing 2,489, of 1,000,000 gallons capacity 
 was constructed at Heidelberg, and another at Netting Hill, with a capacity of 10,000,000 
 gallons, costing 15,351. A third reservoir was built at Preston in 1913, with a capacity 
 of 26,300,000 gallons, costing 29,190. The following table shows the capacity and 
 level at by-wash of all the reservoirs connected with the Melbourne water supply at the 
 30th June, 1917 : 
 
 Description. 
 
 Capacity. 
 
 Seduced Level at 
 By-wash above 
 Low Water Mark. 
 
 Storage Reservoirs. 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Feet. 
 
 Yan Yean 
 
 6,400,000,000 
 
 602 
 
 Toorourrong 
 
 60,000,000 
 
 747 
 
 Total 
 
 6,460,000,000 
 
 
 Service Reservoir*. 
 
 
 
 Preston No. 1 . . 
 
 13,500,000 
 
 326-50 
 
 No. 2 . . 
 
 24,500,000 
 
 326-50 
 
 No. 3 . . 
 
 26,300,000 
 
 326-50 
 
 Caulfield 
 
 10,000,000 
 
 166-00 
 
 Surrev Hills No. 1 
 
 9,000,000 
 
 429-50 
 
 No. 2 
 
 15,000,000 
 
 429-50 
 
 Essendon No. 1 
 
 1,000,000 
 
 209-25 
 
 No. 2 
 
 4,000,000 
 
 209-25 
 
 Kew . . 
 
 3,000,000 
 
 281 -50 
 
 Morang (Pipe Head) . . 
 
 3,000,000 
 
 485-00 
 
 Heidelberg 
 
 1,000,000 
 
 325 -00 
 
 Notting Hill 
 
 10,000,000 
 
 332-50 
 
 Olinda 
 
 11,000,000 
 
 671-00 
 
 Total 
 
 131,300,000 
 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 173 
 
 The total daily quantity of water which can be sent into Melbourne is as follows : 
 
 .Million 
 Per Day. 
 
 Yan Yean .. .. .. .. .. 33 
 
 High level mains . . . . . . . . 9 
 
 Maroondah . . . . . . . . . . 28 
 
 O'Shannassy .. .. .. .. 20 
 
 Total 90 
 
 (vi) Aqueducts, Mains, and Reticulation. The following is a summary of the total 
 lengths of aqueducts, mains, and reticulation up to the 30th June, 1917 : 
 
 Miles. Chains. 
 Yan Yean 
 
 Aqueducts between watersheds and Yan Yean Reservoir . . 23 62 
 Aqueduct Yan Yean Reservoir to Morang . . . . 6 33 
 
 Maroondah 
 
 Main Maroondah aqueduct . . . . . . . . 41 28 
 
 Tributary aqueducts . . . . . . . . . . 68 
 
 Scours at Preston Reservoirs . . . . . . . . 2 52j 
 
 0? Shannatssy 
 
 O'Shannassy aqueduct . . . . . . . . 22 68| 
 
 O'Shannassy pipe line . . . . . . . . 25 69 
 
 Scour channel at Warburton . . . . . . . . 32 
 
 Scour at Olinda Reservoir . . . . . . . . 031 
 
 Scour at Surrev Hills Reservoir 49 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 130 34 
 
 Large mains, 54 to 12 inch diameter (exclusive of O'Shannassy 
 
 pipe lines and Maroondah aqueduct syphons) . . . . 230 23J 
 
 Reticulation under 12 inch diameter . . . . . . 1,321 23| 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 1,682 
 
 (vii) Cost of Construction. The total cost to the 30th June, 1917, of all the systems 
 of water supply is as follows : 
 
 
 
 Original water supply works, tank, pumping station, &c. . . 84,885 
 
 Yan Yean system . . . . . . . . . . 632,698 
 
 Maroondah system . . . . . . . . . . 788,825 
 
 O'Shannassy system . . . . . . . . . . 452,027 
 
 Service reservoirs . . . . . . . . . . 250,292 
 
 Large mains . . . . . . . . . . 1,192,093 
 
 Reticulation . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,466,787 
 
 Total . . . . . . . . . . 4,867,607 
 
174 
 
 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 5. Consumption of Water. The following table shews (a) the mean number of 
 houses supplied, (6) the estimated population supplied, (c) the total consumption for the 
 year, (d) the total average daily consumption, (e) the average daily consumption per house, 
 (/) the average daily consumption per head, (g) the rate levied for the years 1878 to 1917, 
 and (h) the assessments of tenements served from 1889 to 1917. 
 
 From 1857 to 1874 the rate levied was one shilling, and was then reduced to eightpence 
 in the pound of the annual value. 
 
 VICTORIA. MELBOURNE WATER SUPPLY. NUMBER OF HOUSES, POPULATION, 
 AND WATER SUPPLIED, 1878 Td 1917. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Average Daily Consumption. 
 
 
 
 Year 
 
 Mean 
 Number 
 
 Estimated 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Rate 
 
 Assess- 
 
 ending 
 30th June. 
 
 of 
 Houses 
 supplied. 
 
 Population 
 supplied. 
 
 Consumption 
 for the Year. 
 
 m-f _i 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 levied 
 in the 
 1. 
 
 ments of 
 Tenements 
 served. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 JLOtctl* 
 
 House. 
 
 Head. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ,000 
 
 ,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 gals. 
 
 gals. 
 
 gals. 
 
 gals. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 1878 . . 
 
 50,249 
 
 256,477 
 
 3,053,955 
 
 8,367 
 
 166-5 
 
 32-62 
 
 8 
 
 
 1879 . . 
 
 52,448 
 
 265,000 
 
 3,207,802 
 
 8,788 
 
 167-5 
 
 33-16 
 
 8 
 
 
 1880 . . 
 
 52,729 
 
 277,200 
 
 3,452,478 
 
 9,433 
 
 178-9 
 
 34-03 
 
 8 
 
 
 1881 
 
 53,740 
 
 284,874 
 
 3,741,250 
 
 10,250 
 
 190-7 
 
 35-98 
 
 8 
 
 . 
 
 1882 . . 
 
 54,924 
 
 291,464 
 
 3,905,500 
 
 10,700 
 
 194-8 
 
 36-71 
 
 8 
 
 . . 
 
 1883 . . 
 
 56,881 
 
 304,410 
 
 4,015,000 
 
 11,000 
 
 193-4 
 
 36-14 
 
 8 
 
 
 1884 . . 
 
 60,041 
 
 322,690 
 
 4,348,080 
 
 11,880 
 
 197-9 
 
 36-82 
 
 8 
 
 
 1885 . . 
 
 63,501 
 
 345,380 
 
 4,807,050 
 
 13,170 
 
 207 -4 
 
 38-13 
 
 8 
 
 .' 
 
 1886 . . 
 
 68,015 
 
 371,630 
 
 5,210,375 
 
 14,275 
 
 209-9 
 
 38-41 
 
 8 
 
 . . 
 
 1887 . . 
 
 73,424 
 
 391,550 
 
 5,622,825 
 
 15,405 
 
 209-8 
 
 39-34 
 
 8 
 
 . . 
 
 1888 . . 
 
 79,261 
 
 419,490 
 
 6,728,910 
 
 18,385 
 
 232-0 
 
 43-83 
 
 8 
 
 . . 
 
 1889 . . 
 
 85,167 
 
 445,220 
 
 7,933,275 
 
 21,735 
 
 255-2 
 
 48-82 
 
 6 
 
 4,459,452 
 
 1890 . . 
 
 92,445 
 
 473,500 
 
 8,630,525 
 
 23,645 
 
 255-8 
 
 49-94 
 
 6 
 
 5,094,842 
 
 1891 . . 
 
 99,364 
 
 491,700 
 
 9,184,860 
 
 25,164 
 
 253-3 
 
 51-18 
 
 6 
 
 5,371,786 
 
 1892 . . 
 
 106,772 
 
 486,620 
 
 .8,824,992 
 
 24,112 
 
 225-8 
 
 49-55 
 
 6 
 
 5,641,450 
 
 1893 
 
 107,125 
 
 469,390 
 
 8,717,295 
 
 23,883 
 
 222-9 
 
 50-88 
 
 6 
 
 5,732,358 
 
 1894 . . 
 
 107,764 
 
 449,560 
 
 9,373,200 
 
 25,680 
 
 238-3 
 
 57-79 
 
 6 
 
 5,152,554 
 
 1895 . . 
 
 107,260 
 
 444,340 
 
 9,811,200 
 
 26,880 
 
 252-4 
 
 60-49 
 
 6 
 
 4,351,223 
 
 1896 . . 
 
 106,486 
 
 452,210 
 
 9,246,258 
 
 25,263 
 
 237-2 
 
 55-87 
 
 6 
 
 3,766,867 
 
 1897 . . 
 
 105,710 
 
 458,300 
 
 8,851,615 
 
 24,251 
 
 229-4 
 
 52-92 
 
 6 
 
 3,665,683 
 
 1898 . . 
 
 104,861 
 
 466,895 
 
 9,657,535 
 
 26,459 
 
 252-3 
 
 56-67 
 
 6 
 
 3,576,594 
 
 1899 . . 
 
 103,981 
 
 480,390 
 
 9,731,265 
 
 26,661 
 
 256-4 
 
 55-50 
 
 6 
 
 3,461,586 
 
 1900 . . 
 
 104,050 
 
 489,600 
 
 10,091,885 
 
 27,649 
 
 265-7 
 
 56-47 
 
 6 
 
 3,462,467 
 
 1901 . . 
 
 104,548 
 
 494,905 
 
 10,622,585 
 
 28,829 
 
 275-7 
 
 58-25 
 
 6 
 
 3,479,721 
 
 1902 . . 
 
 105,051 
 
 501,580 
 
 10,677,710 
 
 29,254 
 
 278-5 
 
 58-32 
 
 6 
 
 3,650,573 
 
 1903 . . 
 
 106,176 
 
 502,840 
 
 10,573,685 
 
 28,969 
 
 272-8 
 
 57-61 
 
 6 
 
 3,830,872 
 
 1904 . . 
 
 107,701 
 
 505,760 
 
 10,683,906 
 
 29,191 
 
 271-0 
 
 57-72 
 
 6 
 
 4,004,543 
 
 1905 . . 
 
 109,393 
 
 511,520 
 
 11,300,765 
 
 30,961 
 
 283-0 
 
 60-53 
 
 6 
 
 4,061,258 
 
 1906 . . 
 
 111,494 
 
 519,925 
 
 12,023,100 
 
 32,940 
 
 295-4 
 
 63-36 
 
 6 
 
 4,090,890 
 
 1907 . . 
 
 114,094 
 
 530,655 
 
 12,536,290 
 
 34,346 
 
 301-0 
 
 64-72 
 
 7 
 
 4,301,913 
 
 1908 . . 
 
 116,781 
 
 543,115 
 
 12,219,276 
 
 33,386 
 
 285-9 
 
 61-47 
 
 7 
 
 4,484,868 
 
 1909 . . 
 
 119,650 
 
 557,350 
 
 11,790,595 
 
 32,303 
 
 270-0 
 
 57-96 
 
 7 
 
 4,672,324 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 123,227 
 
 573,255 
 
 12,103,400 
 
 33,160 
 
 269-1 
 
 57-85 
 
 7 
 
 4,789,265 
 
 1911 
 
 128,036 
 
 588,000 
 
 12,662,215 
 
 34,691 
 
 270-9 
 
 59-00 
 
 7 
 
 5,045,848 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 133,122 
 
 604,275 
 
 13,666,440 
 
 37,340 
 
 280-5 
 
 61-79 
 
 7 
 
 5,382,101 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 140,351 
 
 628,430 
 
 14,638,690 
 
 40,106 
 
 285-8 
 
 63-82 
 
 7 
 
 5,670,801 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 147,442 
 
 651,000 
 
 15,041,650 
 
 41,210 
 
 279-5 
 
 63-30 
 
 7 
 
 6,217,841 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 150,825 
 
 674,000 
 
 14,117,470 
 
 38,678 
 
 254-8 
 
 57-39 
 
 7 
 
 6,577,338 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 155,208 
 
 713,957 
 
 13,446,474 
 
 36,739 
 
 236-7 
 
 51-46 
 
 6 
 
 6,905,842 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 158,086 
 
 727,196 
 
 13,781,305 
 
 37,757 
 
 238-8 
 
 51-92 
 
 6 
 
 7,113,740 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 175 
 
 6. Ordinary Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following table are shewn (a) the 
 capital cost for the years 1853 to 1917, (6) the ordinary revenue for the years 1854 to 
 1917, (c) the ordinary expenditure for the years 1856 to 1917, (d) the percentage of 
 expenditure on management and maintenance for the years 1859 to 1917, and (e) the 
 net profit for the years 1861 to 1917 of the Melbourne Water Supply when under control 
 of the Government from 1853 to 1891 and under that of the Melbourne and Metro- 
 politan Board of Works from 1892 to 1917 : 
 
 VICTORIA. MELBOURNE WATER SUPPLY. COST OF CONSTRUCTION, ORDINARY 
 REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, AND NET PROFIT, 1853 TO 1917. 
 
 Year 
 ending 31st 
 December 
 (1853 to 
 1870) ; 
 30th June 
 (1871 to 
 1917). 
 
 Capital 
 Cost. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 , Percentage 
 Expenditure. of 
 Kxpendi- 
 ture on 
 
 Net 
 Profit. 
 
 Manage- 
 ment. 
 
 Mainten- 
 ance, 
 Repairs, 
 and 
 Renewals. 
 
 Interest. 
 
 j Manage- 
 ment 
 and 
 Total. Mainten- 
 ! ance to 
 i Revenue. 
 1 
 
 UNDER GOVERNMENT CONTROL. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 1853 . . 
 
 8,737 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 1854 . . 
 
 367,356 
 
 1,667 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 , . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1855 . . 
 
 497,347 
 
 10,856- 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 1856 . . 
 
 651,943 
 
 10,169 
 
 
 . . 
 
 34,800 
 
 34,800 
 
 . . 
 
 
 1857 
 
 748,974 
 
 18,513 
 
 
 
 33,900 
 
 33,900 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1858 
 
 791,689 
 
 23,457 
 
 
 
 44,670 
 
 44,670 
 
 . . 
 
 
 1859 . . 
 
 810,759 
 
 27,879 
 
 9,030 
 
 3,944 
 
 42,480 
 
 55,454 
 
 46-54 
 
 
 1860 . . 
 
 833,222 
 
 45,716 
 
 6,972 
 
 2,400 
 
 39,480 
 
 48,852 
 
 20-50 
 
 
 1861 
 
 846,444 
 
 64,121 
 
 5,649 
 
 3,122 
 
 36,480 
 
 45,251 
 
 13-67 
 
 18,870 
 
 1862 
 
 878,532 
 
 53,932 
 
 4,869 
 
 2,564 
 
 '3 3,480 
 
 40,913 
 
 15-86 
 
 13,019 
 
 1863 
 
 928,743 
 
 47,064 
 
 4,849 
 
 2,962 
 
 30,480 
 
 38,291 
 
 16-60 
 
 8,773 
 
 1864 . . 
 
 963,905 
 
 50,935 
 
 4,722 
 
 2,102 
 
 27,424 
 
 34,248 
 
 13-40 
 
 16,687 
 
 1865 . . 
 
 985,009 
 
 56,937 
 
 5,629 
 
 1,764 
 
 24,408 
 
 31,801 
 
 12-98 
 
 25,136 
 
 1866 
 
 984,335 
 
 57,457 
 
 7,649 
 
 2,589 
 
 21,408 
 
 31,646 
 
 17-82 
 
 25,811 
 
 1867 
 
 988,754 
 
 59,834 
 
 5,909 
 
 1,521 
 
 17,844 
 
 25,274 
 
 12-42 
 
 34,560 
 
 1868 . . 
 
 ,046,048 
 
 63,038 
 
 5,738 
 
 1,747 
 
 13,890 
 
 21,375 
 
 11-87 
 
 41,663 
 
 1869 . . 
 
 ,073,335 
 
 67,427 
 
 5,407 
 
 2,507 
 
 11,500 
 
 19,414 
 
 11-74 
 
 48,013 
 
 1870 . . 
 
 ,092,146 
 
 73,691 
 
 5,945 
 
 1,905 
 
 10,500 
 
 18,350 
 
 10-79 
 
 55,341 
 
 1871* .. 
 
 ,102,877 
 
 38,699 
 
 3,069 
 
 770 
 
 6,000 
 
 9,839 
 
 9-92 
 
 28,860 
 
 1872 
 
 ,108,775 
 
 81,026 
 
 6,873 
 
 3,241 
 
 4,500 
 
 14,614 
 
 12-48 
 
 66,412 
 
 1873 
 
 ,127,495 
 
 85,584 
 
 7,047 
 
 5,493 
 
 5,320 
 
 17,860 
 
 14-65 
 
 67,724 
 
 1874 . . 
 
 ,194,792 
 
 92,390 
 
 7,570 
 
 3,596 
 
 7,640 
 
 18,806 
 
 12-09 
 
 73,584 
 
 1875 . . 
 
 ,272,119 
 
 75,142 
 
 8,123 
 
 4,077 
 
 10,240 
 
 22,440 
 
 16-24 
 
 52,702 
 
 1876 . . 
 
 ,347,996 
 
 76,959 
 
 8,109 
 
 4,264 
 
 11,000 
 
 23,373 
 
 16-08 
 
 53,586 
 
 1877 
 
 ,382,565 
 
 83,137 
 
 8,210 
 
 4,996 
 
 18,741 
 
 31,947 
 
 15-88 
 
 51,190 
 
 1878 . . 
 
 ,464,030 
 
 87,392 
 
 7,997 
 
 4,764 
 
 18,741 
 
 31,502 
 
 14-60 
 
 55,890 
 
 1879 
 
 ,497,530 
 
 92,669 
 
 7,866 
 
 6,566 
 
 16,243 
 
 30,675 
 
 15-57 
 
 61,994 
 
 1880 . . 
 
 ,539,640 
 
 91,980 
 
 8,042 
 
 4,984 
 
 16,242 
 
 29,268 
 
 14-16 
 
 62,712 
 
 1881 
 
 ,572,385 
 
 97,079 
 
 8,175 
 
 7,184 
 
 16,242 
 
 31,601 
 
 15-82 
 
 65,478 
 
 1882 
 
 ,612,425 
 
 104,208 
 
 8,511 
 
 6,884 
 
 16,263 
 
 31,658 
 
 14-77 
 
 72,550- 
 
 1883 
 
 ,780,979 
 
 111,594 
 
 8,726 
 
 6,401 
 
 26,012 
 
 41,139 
 
 13-56 
 
 70,455 
 
 1884 . . 
 
 ,869,128 
 
 117,560 
 
 8,046 
 
 5,357 
 
 34,990 
 
 48,393 
 
 12-25 
 
 69,167 
 
 1885 . . 
 
 ,933,718 
 
 128,179 
 
 8,514 
 
 5,619 
 
 28,741 
 
 42,874 
 
 11-26 
 
 85,305 
 
 1886 . . 
 
 2,018,174 
 
 144,831 
 
 10,224 
 
 5,706 
 
 50,089 
 
 66,019 
 
 11-00 
 
 78,812 
 
 1887 
 
 2,171,083 
 
 156,730 
 
 11,568 
 
 6,404 
 
 50,146 
 
 68,118 
 
 11-47 
 
 88,612 
 
 1888 
 
 2,442,731 
 
 169,972 
 
 13,020 
 
 6,998 
 
 57,317 
 
 77,335 
 
 11-78 
 
 92,637 
 
 1889 . . 
 
 2,730,017 
 
 188,212 
 
 14,856 
 
 7,787 
 
 61,819 
 
 84,462 
 
 12-03 
 
 103,750 
 
 1890 . . 
 
 3,104,747 
 
 193,274 
 
 16,434 
 
 9,694 
 
 65,281 
 
 91,409 
 
 13-52 
 
 101,865 
 
 1891 
 
 3,378,246 
 
 200,745 
 
 17,863 
 
 9,710 
 
 77,365 
 
 104,938 
 
 13-73 
 
 95,807 
 
 Six months ending 30th June. 
 
176 
 
 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 VICTORIA. MELBOURNE WATER SUPPLY. COST OF CONSTRUCTION 
 ORDINARY REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, ETC., 1853 TO IQll continued. 
 
 Year 
 ending 31st 
 December 
 
 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Percentage 
 of 
 Expendi- 
 ture on 
 
 
 (1852 to 
 1870) ; 
 
 Capital 
 Cost. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 
 Mainten- 
 
 
 
 Manage- 
 ment 
 
 Net 
 Profit. 
 
 30th June 
 (1871 to 
 1917). 
 
 
 
 Manage- 
 ment. 
 
 ance, 
 Repairs, 
 and 
 
 Interest. 
 
 Total. 
 
 and 
 Mainten- 
 ance to 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Renewals. 
 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 
 UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE MELBOURNE AND METROPOLITAN BOARD OF WORKS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o/ 
 /o 
 
 
 
 1892 . . 
 
 3,477,382 
 
 197,339 
 
 21,958 
 
 14,730 
 
 94,485 
 
 131,173 
 
 18-59 
 
 66,166 
 
 1893 
 
 3,585,590 
 
 188,562 
 
 21,819 
 
 14,767 
 
 98,511 
 
 135,097 
 
 19-40 
 
 53,465 
 
 1894 . . 
 
 3,638,638 
 
 174,635 
 
 19,217 
 
 15,632 
 
 106,376 
 
 141,225 
 
 19-95 
 
 33,410 
 
 1895 . . 
 
 3,662,570 
 
 164,401 
 
 18,725 
 
 15,894 
 
 100,325 
 
 134,944 
 
 21-15 
 
 29,457 
 
 1896 . . 
 
 3,672,658 
 
 157,204 
 
 19,604 
 
 15,452 
 
 103,840 
 
 138,896 
 
 22-33 
 
 18,308 
 
 1897 
 
 3,681,771 
 
 155,931 
 
 20,820 
 
 17,379 
 
 103,828 
 
 142,027 
 
 24-53 
 
 13,904 
 
 1898 . . 
 
 3,667,561 
 
 164,504 
 
 21,062 
 
 19,140 
 
 103,756 
 
 143,958 
 
 24-47 
 
 20,546 
 
 1899 
 
 3,685,991 
 
 161,066 
 
 18,907 
 
 16,199 
 
 102,741 
 
 137,847 
 
 21-84 
 
 23,19 
 
 1900 . . 
 
 3,700,873 
 
 158,958 
 
 20,167 
 
 17,486 
 
 103,331 
 
 140,984 
 
 23-86 
 
 17,974 
 
 1901 
 
 3,715,203 
 
 163,425 
 
 20,103 
 
 18,445 
 
 103,988 
 
 142,536 
 
 23-72 
 
 20,889 
 
 1902 
 
 3,731,256 
 
 172,120 
 
 19,370 
 
 20,786 
 
 102,670 
 
 142,826 
 
 23-46 
 
 29,294 
 
 1903 . . 
 
 3,741,668 
 
 169,439 
 
 18,777 
 
 21,480 
 
 102,942 
 
 143,199 
 
 23-84. 
 
 26,240 
 
 1904 . . 
 
 3,750,317 
 
 165,759 
 
 16,770 
 
 20,765 
 
 104,096 
 
 141,631 
 
 22-73 
 
 24,128 
 
 1905 
 
 3,751,708 
 
 184,617 
 
 15,693 
 
 16,104 
 
 102,465 
 
 134,262 
 
 17-25 
 
 50,355 
 
 1906 . . 
 
 3,768,270 
 
 185,738 
 
 15,092 
 
 15,539 
 
 102,548 
 
 133,179 
 
 16-60 
 
 52,559 
 
 1907 
 
 3,793,389 
 
 214,309 
 
 15,895 
 
 17,731 
 
 102,075 
 
 135,701 
 
 15-78 
 
 78,608 
 
 1908 . . 
 
 3,826,447 
 
 233,785 
 
 18,652 
 
 23,004 
 
 100,915 
 
 142,571 
 
 17-92 
 
 91,214 
 
 1909 
 
 3,891,555 
 
 235,429 
 
 19,613 
 
 22,163 
 
 102,281 
 
 144,057 
 
 17-82 
 
 91,372 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 3,921,775 
 
 249,114 
 
 20,148 
 
 22,999 
 
 101,440 
 
 144,587 
 
 17-69 
 
 104,527 
 
 1911 
 
 4,014,506 
 
 244,045 
 
 20,816 
 
 23,474 
 
 104,930 
 
 149,220 
 
 18-15 
 
 94,825 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 4,141,177 
 
 277,305 
 
 22,432 
 
 28,447 
 
 111,933 
 
 162,812 
 
 18-35 
 
 114,493 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 4,463,915 
 
 287,342 
 
 23,416 
 
 28,735 
 
 114,440 
 
 166,591 
 
 18-15 
 
 120,751 
 
 1914 . . 
 
 4,614,728 
 
 332,930 
 
 25,183 
 
 31,690 
 
 128,292 
 
 185,165 
 
 17-08 
 
 147,765 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 4,743,735 
 
 350,549 
 
 25,686 
 
 34,861 
 
 130,268 
 
 190,815 
 
 17-27 
 
 159,734 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 4,835,628 
 
 334,181 
 
 25,586 
 
 44,071 
 
 134,915 
 
 204,572 
 
 20-84 
 
 129,609 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 4,867,607 
 
 319,614 
 
 25,952 
 
 37,848 
 
 137,544 
 
 201,344 
 
 19-96 
 
 118,270 
 
 (B) Melbourne Sewerage. 
 
 i. General. As already stated, the chief object of the creation of the Melbourne and 
 Metropolitan Board of Works was to carry out an efficient system of sewerage. Old 
 Melbourne used to be a city of cesspits, and it was not until the later sixties that these 
 were abolished, filled up, and the movable pan system gradually adopted throughout 
 the whole metropolitan area, with night removal. The cost of removal in 1894 was 
 about 90,000, equal to a capital expenditure of 1,750,000. This objectionable system 
 has been displaced by the water-carriage system throughout a large portion of the 
 metropolis, and in other parts the work of reticulation is still proceeding. The sewerage 
 system is designed to carry off all water used in water-closets, lavatories, baths, and 
 urinals, together with all chamber slops and water used in cooking, washing clothes and 
 floors, and from sinks in kitchens and sculleries, drainage from stables and cow houses, 
 together with all liquid refuse, which, in the opinion of the Board, will not prejudicially 
 affect the sewers, the machinery, or the sewage farm. Rainfall from the streets flows into 
 the river and is not taken into the sewers. The sewers are designed to provide for 
 30 cubic feet per head per day from the assumed future population, calculated on the 
 basis of a population of 1,000,000 people ultimately settled on the areas now capable 
 of being connected with the pumping station. 
 
 The plans and estimates of the cost of the metropolitan sewerage were originally 
 prepared by an expert civil engineer from England and were furnished to the 
 
\VATKK SUPPLY AND SEWERA<JK. 177 
 
 Board on its creation. Tin- plan recommended by the designer and selected by the 
 Board's Engineer-in-Chief was estimated to cost 5,030,000, but this plan was, modified 
 so as to reduce the estimated cost to 3,451,000. The original plan and estimate con- 
 templated only the construction of the main and branch sewers by the Board, but as 
 Parliament had added the duty of constructing sewers in streets, right-of-ways, and 
 branches therefrom, the original estimate has necessarily been exceeded. To carry out 
 its work the Board was authorized to borrow up to 10,750,000, exclusive of the loans 
 contracted by the Government, The liability on Government loans on the 30th June, 
 1917, was 1,559,780, and for loans raised by the Board 10,775,110. 
 
 2. Description of Sewerage System. The whole of the sewage of the metropolis is 
 gradually collected by means of three principal main sewers and a subsidiary main 
 leading to the pumping station at Spotswood. The main sewers are : 
 
 (i) North Yarra Main Sewer. This sewer commences at Heidelberg and goes in a 
 westerly direction, passing to the north of Studley Park, thence by the south end of the 
 Melbourne General Cemetery, still keeping in a westerly direction until it crosses the 
 Saltwater River, where it turns south through Footscray until it reaches the pumping 
 station. All localities north and west of this sewer are served by it, including Preston, 
 Coburg, Northcote, Brunswick, Flemington, Kensington, Esseirdon, and Footscray. 
 
 (ii) South Yarra Main Sewer. Commencing in Malvern, this sewer runs in a westerly 
 direction until it reaches the junction of Domain and St. Kilda roads, then it turns to 
 the south-west until near the sea in South Melbourne, when it again goes a little north 
 of west through Port Melbourne and Fisherman's Bend to the pumping station, passing 
 underneath the River Yarra. In addition to serving the suburbs in its immediate 
 vicinity it has two branches crossing the Yarra, one of which serves Richmond, East 
 Melbourne, and the greater part of Collingwood, while the other connects it with the 
 City proper. 
 
 (iii) Hobsorfs Bay Main Sewer. This sewer starts at Moorabbin, and follows the 
 coast line through Brighton, St. Kilda, and South Melbourne, where it joins the South 
 Yarra main sewer. It also serves Caulfield. 
 
 (iv) Subsidiary Main Seiver. This takes in Williamstown and joins the South 
 Yarra main sewer before it enters the pumping station. 
 
 Connected with these main sewers are a number of smaller branch sewers, and with 
 these are still smaller sewers in streets and right-of-ways, with which houses are connected. 
 
 (v) Pumping Station. At the pumping station at Spotswood the sewage is strained 
 and the solid matter transferred to a drier, where it is subject to steam pressure, and 
 consequently to a high temperature, which renders the material innocuous. The 
 material from the drier is of no manurial value and is destroyed in a furnace. The 
 balance of the sewage is raised 125 feet through 2f miles of 6-ft. and 4-ft. wrought-iron 
 rising mains to the head of the outfall sewer, from whence it gravitates to the farm at 
 Werribee in a partly open and partly closed brick and concrete channel 16 miles long 
 and 11 feet in diameter. 
 
 (vi) Length of Sewers. The following table shows the total length of sewers to the 
 30th June, 1917 : 
 
 Main and Branch Sewers 
 
 Miles. Chains. Feet. 
 
 Circular . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 33 57 
 
 Oval . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 17 36 
 
 Pipe ..95 60 63 
 
 Reticulation Sewers and House Connexion Branches 
 
 Sewers in streets . . . . . . . . . . 679 58 50 
 
 Sewers in right-of-ways . . . . . . . . 425 35 33 
 
 House connexion branches . . . . . . . . 304 28 15 
 
 Rising Main and Outfall Sewer 
 
 W.I. rising main, circular, 6 feet (2 lengths)] . , , . , f 5 46 64 
 
 W.I. rising main, circular, 4 feet ( 1 length) / \ 2 63 32 
 
 Brick and concrete outfall sewer, 11 feet . . 16 
 
 Total .. 1,588 25 20 
 
178 
 
 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 (vii) House Connexions. The work of connecting houses with the sewerage system 
 is carried out under a carefully prepared by-law. After a property has been declared to be 
 a sewered property the owner has several options : (a) he may submit a plan of his house 
 connexions, and, on approval being given, carry out the work himself within one 
 month ; (6) he may submit a plan for which, if approved, he may ask for an estimate 
 of the cost of carrying out. This the Board is bound to supply, and then the owner may 
 either carry out the work himself or ask the Board to do so, which it must do at the 
 estimated price ; (c) on default of the owner the Board may carry out the work, and 
 at his request accept payment by 40 quarterly instalments, bearing interest at the rate of 
 5 per cent, on such portion as from time to time remains unpaid. 
 
 (viii) Area sewered. At the end of 1917 the sewerage system was practically completed 
 in the following districts : Melbourne, South Melbourne, Port Melbourne, Collingwood, 
 Fitzroy, Richmond, Prahran, St. Kilda, Sandringham, and Nunawading. The system 
 was nearly completed in Brighton, Essendon, Hawthorn, Malvern, and Footscray, and 
 the thickly-populated portions of Brunswick, Camberwell, Northcote, Preston, and 
 Williamstown, together with the greater portions of Caulfield, Coburg, and Kew, and 
 parts of Heidelberg. 
 
 3. Tenements connected, &c. The following table gives (a) the assessment of the 
 sewered area ; (&) the number of tenements connected ; (c) the estimated population 
 served ; and (d) the number of new houses erected during the years 1898 to 1917 : 
 
 VICTORIA. MELBOURNE AND METROPOLITAN BOARD OF WORKS. 
 MELBOURNE SEWERAGE. ASSESSMENT, TENEMENTS CONNECTED, AND 
 POPULATION SERVED, 1898 TO 1917. 
 
 Year ending 
 30th June. 
 
 Assessment 
 of 
 Sewered Area. 
 
 Number of 
 Tenements 
 connected. 
 
 Estimated 
 Population 
 served. 
 
 Number of 
 New Houses 
 erected. 
 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 1898 
 
 
 3,899 
 
 17,358 
 
 374 
 
 1899 
 
 1,422,817 
 
 13,593 
 
 62,799 
 
 599 
 
 1900 
 
 1,553,311 
 
 28,300 
 
 133,151 
 
 789 
 
 1901 
 
 1,864,182 
 
 36,696 
 
 183,148 
 
 967 
 
 1902 
 
 2,120,608 
 
 47,172 
 
 225,199 
 
 1,404 
 
 1903 
 
 2,591,894 
 
 55,929 
 
 264,879 
 
 1,317 
 
 1904 
 
 2,913,551 
 
 64,487 
 
 302,831 
 
 1,313 
 
 1905 
 
 3,153,247 
 
 71,689 
 
 335,218 
 
 1,730 
 
 1906 
 
 3,362,077 
 
 79,597 
 
 371,161 
 
 2,316 
 
 1907 
 
 3,617,333 
 
 87,853 
 
 408,780 
 
 2,763 
 
 1908 
 
 3,833,162 
 
 94,067 
 
 437,111 
 
 2,856 
 
 1909 
 
 4,099,265 
 
 99,955 
 
 465,590 
 
 3,230 
 
 1910 
 
 4,307,403 
 
 105,993 
 
 493,079 
 
 3,902 
 
 1911 
 
 4,575,788 
 
 112,293 
 
 515,649 
 
 4,373 
 
 1912 
 
 4,841,271 
 
 118,350 
 
 537,221 
 
 5,940 
 
 1913 
 
 5,129,680 
 
 125,103 
 
 560,148 
 
 5,684 
 
 1914 
 
 5,680,481 
 
 131,168 
 
 579,145 
 
 7,896 
 
 1915 
 
 6,041,458 
 
 138,108 
 
 617,170 
 
 4,308 
 
 1916 
 
 6,430,370 
 
 143,737 
 
 661,190 
 
 3,894 
 
 1917 
 
 6,703,658 
 
 148,395 
 
 682,617 
 
 3,295 
 
 4. Ordinary Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following table are given (a) the 
 capital cost ; (6) the revenue ; (c) the expenditure ; and (d) the deficiency for the years 
 1892 to 1917 ; and (e) the percentage of revenue to working expenses for the years 1899 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 179 
 
 to 1917 of the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works on the sewerage of 
 
 Melbourne : 
 
 VICTORIA. MELBOURNE AND METROPOLITAN BOARD OF WORKS. 
 
 MELBOURNE SEWERAGE. CAPITAL COST, ORDINARY REVENUE AND 
 
 EXPENDITURE, ETC., 1892 TO 1917. 
 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 g 
 
 
 Year 
 ending 
 
 Capital 
 
 o . 
 
 ft? tiD 
 
 If* 
 
 00 
 
 
 1 
 
 1*1 
 
 
 
 l|l 
 
 .,, 
 
 30th 
 June. 
 
 Cost. 
 
 V 
 
 s"H;3 
 
 j 
 
 B 
 
 j 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 _^ 
 
 i w 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Is 
 
 Jfijs! 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 III 
 
 3 
 
 i i 
 
 1 
 
 III 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 % 
 
 ~~ 
 
 1892 
 
 46,538 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,558 
 
 
 
 1,558 
 
 
 1,558 
 
 1893 
 
 591,039 
 
 
 297 
 
 159 
 
 '456 
 
 1,717 
 
 
 36,184 
 
 37,901 
 
 
 37,445 
 
 1894 
 
 793,491 
 
 
 1,629 
 
 17 
 
 1,646 
 
 1,975 
 
 
 27,323 
 
 29,298 
 
 
 27,652 
 
 1895 
 
 1,232,922 
 
 
 2,442 
 
 15 
 
 2,457 
 
 2,045 
 
 , 
 
 58,854 
 
 60,899 
 
 
 58,442 
 
 1896 
 
 1,699,601 
 
 
 4,153 
 
 41 
 
 4,194 
 
 2,085 
 
 
 86,937 
 
 89,022 
 
 
 84,828 
 
 1897 
 
 2,066,732 
 
 
 4,404 
 
 33 
 
 4,437 
 
 2,212 
 
 420 
 
 113,488 
 
 116,120 
 
 
 111,683 
 
 1898 
 
 2,438,971 
 
 
 5,318 
 
 21 
 
 5,339 
 
 2,979 
 
 5,432 
 
 128,922 
 
 137,333 
 
 
 131,994 
 
 1899 
 
 2,807,234 
 
 95,417 
 
 5,816 
 
 68 
 
 101,301 
 
 8,592 
 
 13,258 
 
 146,385 
 
 168,235 
 
 21-57 
 
 66,934 
 
 1900 
 
 3,026,791 
 
 101,076 
 
 6,150 
 
 80 
 
 107,306 
 
 9,760 
 
 22,586 
 
 156,716 
 
 189,062 
 
 30-14 
 
 81,756 
 
 1901 
 
 3,307,764 
 
 113,156 
 
 7,591 
 
 133 
 
 120,880 
 
 15,122 
 
 24,527 
 
 164,208 
 
 203,857 
 
 32-80 
 
 82,977 
 
 1902 
 
 3,610,225 
 
 126,725 
 
 10,780 
 
 188 
 
 137,693 
 
 14,251 
 
 24,336 
 
 175,503 
 
 214,090 
 
 28-02 
 
 76,397 
 
 1903 
 
 3,921,839 
 
 147,478 
 
 19,024 
 
 45 
 
 166,547 
 
 15,156 
 
 26,542 
 
 188.359 
 
 230,057 
 
 25-04 
 
 63,510 
 
 1904 
 
 4,217,311 
 
 160,199 
 
 15,010 
 
 225 
 
 175,434 
 
 15,747 
 
 26,556 
 
 201,824 
 
 244,127 
 
 24-11 
 
 68,693 
 
 1905 
 
 4,643,880 
 
 137,139 
 
 15,070 
 
 33 
 
 152,242 
 
 15,078 
 
 26,679 
 
 213,407 
 
 255,164 
 
 27-43 
 
 102,922 
 
 1906 
 
 4,986,373 
 
 177,028 
 
 16,914 
 
 11 
 
 193,953 
 
 15,492 
 
 28,580 
 
 230,569 
 
 274,641 
 
 22-72 
 
 80,688 
 
 1907 
 
 5,266,327 
 
 211,504 
 
 18,320 
 
 147 
 
 229,971 
 
 14,953 
 
 25,832 
 
 243,331 
 
 284,116 
 
 17-73 
 
 54,145 
 
 1908 
 
 5,530,608 
 
 222,134 
 
 2,328* 
 
 131 
 
 219,937 
 
 14,288 
 
 35,225 
 
 253,741 
 
 303,254 
 
 22-51 
 
 83,317 
 
 1909 
 
 5,753,731 
 
 234,229 
 
 9,648 
 
 202 
 
 244,079 
 
 13,987 
 
 35,769 
 
 265,074 
 
 314,830 
 
 20-39 
 
 70,751 
 
 1910 
 
 6,044,139 
 
 247,632 
 
 12,579 
 
 264 
 
 260,475 
 
 14,334 
 
 38,085 
 
 276,647 
 
 329,066 
 
 20-12 
 
 68,591 
 
 1911 
 
 6,289,430 
 
 260,528 
 
 15,200 
 
 
 275,728 
 
 13,912 
 
 46,904 
 
 284,893 
 
 345,709 
 
 22-06 
 
 69,981 
 
 1912 
 
 6,487,517 
 
 271,682 
 
 17.527 
 
 515 
 
 289,724 
 
 16,379 
 
 47,381 
 
 289,220 
 
 352,980 
 
 22-00 
 
 63,256 
 
 1913 
 
 6,695,534 
 
 285,721 
 
 16,890 
 
 765 
 
 303,376 
 
 16,070 
 
 51,804 
 
 298,964 
 
 366,838 
 
 22-37 
 
 63,462 
 
 1914 
 
 6,903,831 
 
 319,817 
 
 17,556 
 
 1,086 
 
 338,459 
 
 17,965 
 
 49,615 
 
 314,126 
 
 381,706 
 
 19-97 
 
 43,247 
 
 1915 
 
 7,149,379 
 
 342,312 
 
 39,779 
 
 367 
 
 382,458 
 
 17,472 
 
 54,558 
 
 316,788 
 
 388,818 
 
 18-83 
 
 6,360 
 
 1916 
 
 7,315,580 
 
 307,625 
 
 49,072 
 
 1,415 
 
 358,112 
 
 18,381 
 
 58,751 
 
 321,640 
 
 398,772 
 
 21-54 
 
 40,662 
 
 1917 
 
 7,424,163 
 
 289,512 
 
 25,586 
 
 
 
 315,098 
 
 19,559 
 
 59,434 
 
 329,176 
 
 408,169 
 
 25-07 
 
 93,071 
 
 * Loss. 
 
 5. Loan Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following table are shewn (a) the loan 
 revenue ; (b) the loan expenditure ; and (c) the outstanding loans of the Melbourne and 
 Metropolitan Board of Works for the years 1892 to 1917 : 
 
 VICTORIA. MELBOURNE AND METROPOLITAN BOARD OF WORKS. LOAN 
 REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, AND OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1892 TO 1917. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 
 Year 
 
 
 
 Proceeds 
 
 
 \TT f __ 
 
 
 Loan 
 
 
 Out- 
 
 ending 
 30th 
 June. 
 
 Water 
 Supplj'. 
 
 Sewer- 
 age. 
 
 of Loans 
 and 
 Miscel- 
 
 Total. 
 
 water 
 Supply 
 
 Construc- 
 j.j__ 
 
 Sewerage 
 Construc- 
 tion. 
 
 Redemp- 
 tion and 
 Miscel- 
 
 Total. 
 
 standing 
 Loans. 
 
 
 
 
 laneous. 
 
 
 tion. 
 
 
 laneous. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1892 
 
 4,987 
 
 100 
 
 500,553 
 
 505,640 
 
 113,840 
 
 44,554 
 
 7,574 
 
 165,968 
 
 2,886,684 
 
 1893 
 
 56,235 
 
 
 918,670 
 
 974,905 
 
 86,693 
 
 406,530 
 
 2,600 
 
 495,823 
 
 4,029,934 
 
 1894 
 
 3,079 
 
 10,550 
 
 939.031 
 
 952,660 
 
 55,569 
 
 203,335 
 
 50,271 
 
 309,175 
 
 4,943,222 
 
 1895 
 
 601 
 
 42,722 
 
 59,662 
 
 102,985 
 
 24,621 
 
 494,130 
 
 39,842 
 
 558,593 
 
 5,002,737 
 
 1896 
 
 2,063 
 
 28.7-J5 
 
 521,053 
 
 551,911 
 
 11,535 
 
 496,591 
 
 78,041 
 
 586,167 
 
 5,502,737 
 
 1897 
 
 917 
 
 15,178 
 
 750,000 
 
 766,095 
 
 9,397 
 
 382,280 
 
 562,375 
 
 954,052 
 
 5,752,737 
 
 1898 
 
 1,596 
 
 31,239 
 
 501,572 
 
 534,407 
 
 8,225 
 
 450,686 
 
 16,716 
 
 475,627 
 
 6,252,737 
 
 1899 
 
 1,998 
 
 53,980 
 
 500,018 
 
 655,996 
 
 19,211 
 
 483,366 
 
 18,759 
 
 521,336 
 
 6,752,737 
 
 1900 
 
 2,366 
 
 76,464 
 
 248,027 
 
 326,857 
 
 16,605 
 
 368,723 
 
 2,818 
 
 388,146 
 
 7,002,138 
 
 1901 
 
 2,636 
 
 76,964 
 
 639,1 4s 
 
 718,748 
 
 16,332 
 
 394,774 
 
 283,990 
 
 695,096 
 
 7,375,916 
 
 1902 
 
 1,636 
 
 88,425 
 
 396,238 
 
 486,299 
 
 17,058 
 
 410,760 
 
 907* 
 
 428,725 
 
 7,775,916 
 
 1903 
 
 2,855. 
 
 87,664 
 
 722,858 
 
 813,375 
 
 12,925 
 
 409,232 
 
 44,823 
 
 466,980 
 
 8,500,912 
 
 1904 
 
 2,103 
 
 88,164 
 
 951,079 
 
 1,041,346 
 
 10,457 
 
 395,104 
 
 548,677 
 
 954,238 
 
 8,932,648 
 
 1905 
 
 1,583 
 
 96,588 193,204 
 
 .291,375 
 
 8,990 
 
 472,384 
 
 10,777 
 
 492,151 
 
 9,130,039 
 
 1906 
 
 1,937 
 
 84,020 
 
 362,723 
 
 448,680 
 
 16,045 
 
 414,310 
 
 80,313 
 
 510,668 
 
 9,414,933 
 
 1907 
 
 2,492 
 
 79,088 
 
 407,417 
 
 488,997 
 
 26,023 
 
 336,799 
 
 168,833 
 
 531,655 
 
 9,639,663 
 
 1908 
 
 6,725 
 
 72,415 
 
 322,365 
 
 401,505 
 
 40,183 
 
 309,194 
 
 18,689 
 
 368,066 
 
 9,939,663 
 
 1909 
 
 2,435 
 
 67,771 
 
 444,841 
 
 515,047 
 
 67,272 
 
 272,508 
 
 254,150 
 
 593,930 
 
 10,139,663 
 
 1910 
 
 5,272 
 
 61,509 
 
 266,957 
 
 333,738 
 
 35,984 
 
 331,214 
 
 20,679 
 
 387,877 
 
 10,389,663 
 
 1911 
 
 4,788 
 
 56,313 
 
 300 548 
 
 361,649 
 
 98,145 
 
 286,035 
 
 29,224 
 
 413,404 
 
 10,669,663 
 
 1912 
 
 5,982 
 
 59,907 
 
 334,622 
 
 400,511 
 
 133,149 
 
 245,911 
 
 41,031 
 
 420,091 
 
 10,984,716 
 
 1913 
 
 12,315 
 
 61,315 
 
 336.307 
 
 409,937 
 
 339,753 
 
 259,461 
 
 177,633 
 
 776,847 
 
 11,163,286 
 
 1914 
 
 10,803 
 
 46,620 
 
 814,216 
 
 871,639 
 
 160,107 
 
 242,849 
 
 283,430 
 
 686,386 
 
 11,734,946 
 
 1915 
 
 10,138 
 
 42,917 
 
 234,268 
 
 287,323 
 
 140,102 
 
 286,664 
 
 27,914 
 
 454,680 
 
 11,984,946 
 
 1916 
 
 18,500 
 
 53,326 
 
 198,459 
 
 270,285 
 
 109,440 
 
 232,855 
 
 84,473 
 
 426,768 
 
 12,132,946 
 
 1917 
 
 8,062 
 
 44,926 
 
 570,526 
 
 623,514 
 
 39,764 
 
 152,808 
 
 388,453 
 
 581,025 
 
 12,334,896 
 
 * Expenses of flotation, 5,200, less difference between excess of stock distribution, 7,020, and 
 purchases, 2,727. 
 
180 
 
 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 6. Metropolitan Sewage Farm. This Farm is situated on Port Phillip Bay, on the 
 western side of the Werribee River. Originally 8,847 acres were purchased in 1892, at 
 a cost of 17 10s. per acre, making a total cost of 159,873, including the strip containing 
 168J acres, on which the greater portion of the outfall sewer is constructed. Further 
 areas of 305 acres and of 815J acres were purchased in 1911 and 1912 respectively from 
 the Crown at 2 per acre. In 1913 an area of 252f acres was acquired at 15 per acre, 
 and in 1914 120 acres were purchased at 5 12s. 6d. per acre, and 811 acres at 25 per 
 acre. The total area is now 11,153 acres. Of this area, 8,141 acres of prepared ground 
 were available at 30th June, 1917, for sewage disposal, and there was delivered throughout 
 1916 a daily average of 29,170,233 gallons of sewage. This is spread over the blocks of 
 land by a series of main and lateral carriers. The effluent, after filtering through the land, 
 is discharged into Port Phillip Bay in a clear and transparent condition, all the sewage in 
 suspension being left in the soil. The main supply channels for carrying the sewage on 
 to the fields are about 10 chains apart, and a good system of open drains to carry off the 
 surplus water is provided. Many of these drainage channels are 10 to 12 feet wide at 
 the top and 7 feet deep, and through them the water drained off from the subsoil is 
 constantly flowing into the Bay. The prepared and sown blocks on the Farm are laid 
 down with grass and lucerne, on which sheep and cattle are depastured. During the 
 year ending 30th June, 1917, the number of cattle purchased was 3,154, and sold 5,147 ; 
 and of sheep purchased 5,871, and sold 4,569. 
 
 7. Ordinary Revenue, Expenditure, &c., of Sewage Farm. The following table gives 
 (a) the capital cost of the Sewage Farm, (b) the revenue, and (c) the expenditure for the 
 years 1892 to 1917, and (d) the net cost of sewage purification for the years 1898 to 1917 : 
 
 VICTORIA. MELBOURNE AND METROPOLITAN BOARD OF WORKS. 
 METROPOLITAN SEWAGE FARM. CAPITAL COST, ORDINARY REVENUE, 
 EXPENDITURE, AND NET COST OF SEWAGE PURIFICATION, 1892 TO 1917. 
 
 Year ending 
 30th June. 
 
 Capital 
 Cost of 
 Farm. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Net Cost 
 
 01 
 
 Sewage 
 Purifica- 
 tion. 
 
 Sewage 
 Disposal. 
 
 Trading. 
 
 Interest. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1892 
 
 10,914 
 
 
 
 218 
 
 218 
 
 
 1893 
 
 213,396 
 
 298 
 
 
 4,486 
 
 4,486 
 
 
 1894 
 
 236,246 
 
 1,650 
 
 2i3 
 
 
 8,993 
 
 9,206 
 
 
 1895 
 
 263,296 
 
 2,433 
 
 203 
 
 
 9,991 
 
 10,194 
 
 
 1896 
 
 274,867 
 
 4,154 
 
 227 
 
 . . 
 
 10,763 
 
 10,990 
 
 
 1897 
 
 300,085 
 
 4,419 
 
 275 
 
 . . 
 
 11,499 
 
 11,774 
 
 
 1898 
 
 296,848 
 
 5.320 
 
 396 
 
 
 11,939 
 
 12,335 
 
 7,015 
 
 1899 
 
 308,427 
 
 5,821 
 
 3,541 
 
 
 12,106 
 
 15,647 
 
 9,826 
 
 1900 
 
 324,842 
 
 6,139 
 
 3,710 
 
 
 12,665 
 
 16,375 
 
 10,236 
 
 1901 
 
 343,384 
 
 7,571 
 
 3,882 
 
 
 13,365 
 
 17,247 
 
 9,676 
 
 1902 
 
 357,157 
 
 10,730 
 
 4,719 
 
 
 14,011 
 
 18,730 
 
 8,000 
 
 1903 
 
 369,782 
 
 18,986 
 
 6007 
 
 '.'. \ 14,539 
 
 20,546 
 
 1,560 
 
 1904 
 
 386,809 
 
 14,991 
 
 5,299 
 
 . 
 
 15,132 
 
 20,431 
 
 5,440 
 
 1905 
 
 404,050 
 
 15,031 
 
 5,482 
 
 . . 
 
 15,817 
 
 21,299 
 
 6,268 
 
 1906 
 
 415,450 
 
 16,499 
 
 5,216 
 
 
 16,390 
 
 21,606 
 
 5,107 
 
 1907 
 
 425,357 
 
 18,275 
 
 5,265 
 
 
 16,816 
 
 22,081 
 
 3,806 
 
 1908 
 
 437,443 
 
 2,379* 
 
 6,148 
 
 
 17,256 
 
 23,40*4 
 
 25,783 
 
 1909 
 
 447,440 
 
 9,600 
 
 6,465 
 
 
 17,698 
 
 24,163 
 
 14,563 
 
 1910 
 
 457,036 
 
 12,538 
 
 7,062 
 
 
 18,002 
 
 25,064 
 
 12,526 
 
 1911 
 
 465,433 
 
 15,158 
 
 12,368 
 
 . . 
 
 18,275 
 
 30,643 
 
 15,485 
 
 1912 
 
 476,967 
 
 18,042 
 
 7,078 
 
 860 
 
 18,673 
 
 26,611 
 
 8,569 
 
 1913 
 
 494,111 
 
 17,654 
 
 7,643 
 
 3,861 
 
 19,247 
 
 30,751 
 
 13,097 
 
 1914 
 
 510,485 
 
 18,642 
 
 7,122 
 
 2,204 
 
 19,820 
 
 29,146 
 
 10,504 
 
 1915 
 
 542,659 
 
 40,146 
 
 7,731 
 
 3,751 
 
 L>1,063 
 
 32,545 
 
 7,601t 
 
 1916 
 
 553,668 
 
 50,847 
 
 8,783 
 
 4,031 
 
 21,927 
 
 34,741 
 
 15,746t 
 
 1917 
 
 555,323 
 
 25,586 
 
 9,785 
 
 4,384 
 
 U80 
 
 36,349 
 
 10,763 
 
 * Loss. 
 
 t Profit. 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SKWKRAGE. 
 
 181 
 
 (c) Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage. 
 
 1. General. I'mler t he (Jeelong Municipal Waterworks Act 1907 a Trust was appointed, 
 ((insist inu of five Commissioners, elected by the Councils of Geelong and adjoining 
 Municipalities, siu-h Commissioners to be Councillors of the Municipalities by which they 
 are elected. Authority was given to borrow up to 300,000. The waterworks vested in 
 this Trust comprised the Bolwarra Weir, on the Eastern Moorabool River, with the supply 
 channel and reservoirs connected therewith. In 1910 this Trust was superseded by the 
 <JeeloriL r Waterworks and Sewerage Trust, also consisting of five Commissioners;, but 
 these Commissioners were to be elected by the ratepayers and not by the Councillors, 
 as heretofore, any ratepayer being eligible as a Commissioner. The construction and 
 maintenance of sewerage works was also invested in this Trust. Power was given to borrow 
 up to 250,000 for sewerage purposes. In 1911 the amount which could be borrowed for 
 waterworks purposes was raised to 350,000, and in 1914 to 425,000, while that for 
 6Wrage was raised to 325,000 in 1915. 
 
 2. Waterworks. The available storage capacity of the reservoirs is 1,468,157,000 
 gallons, and the Trust is authorized to supply water to (a) the City of Geelong, (6) the 
 suburbs thereof and all places within a radius of 5 miles of the Geelong Post Office ; and 
 (r) any place within 10 miles on either side of the main pipe from Stoney Creek to Geelong. 
 The cost of the works (water and sewerage) to 30th June, 1915, was 620,000, the 
 estimated population served is 33,500, and the number of assessments 11,117. 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following table gives the capital cost, revenue, 
 expenditure, and outstanding loans of the Geelong Municipal Waterworks Trust for the 
 years 1908 to 1916 : 
 
 VICTORIA. GEELONG WATERWORKS AND SEWERAGE TRUST. WATER 
 SUPPLY, CAPITAL COST, REVENUE, EXPENDITURE, AND OUTSTANDING 
 LOANS, 1908 TO 1916. 
 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Jv\l>enditure. 
 
 
 Yf.-ir ending 
 
 Cnpiral 
 
 | 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Loan 
 
 :JOth .him-. 
 
 Cost. 
 
 Kates. 1 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Main- 
 tenance. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Liability 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1908* . . 
 
 
 5,046 
 
 1,502 
 
 6,548 1 873 
 
 1,320 
 
 7 
 
 2,200 
 
 
 1909 
 
 456,700 
 
 11,465 
 
 4,813 
 
 16,278 
 
 1,554 
 
 2,190 
 
 16,459 
 
 20,203 
 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 484,484 
 
 11,713 
 
 4,181 
 
 15,894 
 
 1,639 
 
 2,107 
 
 11,513 
 
 15,259 
 
 295,200 
 
 1911 
 
 495,110 
 
 12,283 
 
 5,377 
 
 17,660 
 
 2,295 
 
 2,467 
 
 12,149 
 
 16,911 
 
 311,259 
 
 1912 
 
 523,357 
 
 12,978 
 
 5,465 
 
 18,443 
 
 2,018 
 
 1,715 
 
 12,735 
 
 16,468 
 
 328,354 
 
 1913 
 
 547,185 
 
 14,298 
 
 6,589 
 
 20,887 
 
 1,549 
 
 3,139 
 
 14,138 
 
 18,826 
 
 350,000 
 
 1914 
 
 548,319 
 
 15,151 
 
 7,543 
 
 22,694 
 
 1,913 
 
 3,852 
 
 14,365 
 
 20,130 
 
 413,373 
 
 1915 
 
 587,454 
 
 15,947 
 
 8,914 
 
 24,861 
 
 2,130 
 
 3,530 
 
 18,598 
 
 24,258 
 
 
 1916 . . 
 
 603,118 
 
 16,377 
 
 6,903 
 
 23,280 
 
 2,484 
 
 2,824 
 
 18,012 
 
 23,320 
 
 
 * Half-year. 
 
 4. Sewerage Scheme. The sewerage scheme provides for a main outfall sewer, 4 ft. 3 in. 
 \ 3 ft. 3 in., to the ocean at Black Rock, a distance of about 9 miles from the City. The 
 drainage scheme embraces an area of 8,081 acres, including the City of Geelong, the 
 Boroughs of Geelong West, Newtown and Chilwell, and the suburban areas of the Shires 
 of Corio, South Barwon, and Bellarine. 
 
 (D) Country Waterworks and Irrigation. 
 
 1. General. The first waterworks wfcre constructed by the Government, but in 1865 
 the construction we- transferred to the Board of Land and Works. In 1869 Commis- 
 sioners could be appointed to complete and extend waterworks. Municipal Councils 
 
182 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 could, in 1881, prepare plans and elect Trusts for the purpose of constructing waterworks, 
 the Government advancing money on loan, and in 1883 the Governor could create Irrigation 
 Districts and Trusts. In 1905 the control and management of all Irrigation Trusts, 
 with the exception of the Mildura Trust and of a number of waterworks and water supplies, 
 were centralized, and their works and property vested in the State Rivers and Water Supply 
 Commission. A number of waterworks, however, are still controlled by Waterworks 
 Trusts or Municipal Corporations. 
 
 2 V Victorian Water Conservation Act 1881. Under this Act any Municipal Council 
 or Councils desirous of having waterworks could submit plans to the Governor for 
 approval. If the area included was wholly within the Municipality, the Municipal Council 
 itself was appointed the Waterworks Trust, otherwise the Trust consisted of not more than 
 two Commissioners elected by each Municipal Council and one appointed by the Governor. 
 A Commissioner had to be a ratepayer, and might be a member of the Council, and was 
 elected for two years. Money could be borrowed, and a rate levied not exceeding 10 per 
 cent, of the annual valuation. 
 
 3. Water Conservation Act 1883. This provided for the proclamation of irrigation 
 areas, on the petition of a majority of the owners of the land. The Governor was to 
 determine the limits of the area, the amount of loan granted, the number of Commissioners 
 in the Trust, and their period of office. The Trust Commissioners were elected by the 
 owners of land in the area, and must be either owners or occupiers of land. Money could 
 be borrowed up to the amount of 70 per cent, of the gross value of the land within the 
 irrigation area. Rates to pay interest and sinking fund could be levied uniformly on 
 the gross value of the land capable of being irrigated, and water must be sold by 
 measure. 
 
 The Governor could proclaim any City, Town, Borough, or populous place to be an 
 Urban District, when the Trust could lay pipes and levy rates within such District. A 
 Municipal Council could be a Waterworks Trust if the area of the Trust was wholly or with 
 exception of the waterworks situated within one Municipal District. 
 
 4. Irrigation Act 1886. The provisions of this Act were practically the same as 
 those in the preceding Act, except that an Irrigation and Water Supply Trust could be 
 constituted on the petition of any Municipal Council or Waterworks Trust or Irrigation 
 Trust or a majority of ratepayers or a majority of owners of land who were owners of at 
 least half the land within the proposed Irrigation District. 
 
 5. Water Conservation Act 1887. This was a consolidation of the previous Acts, 
 and retained the same provisions, but it enacted that loans must be limited to an amount 
 not exceeding that for which a one shilling and sixpenny rate would be sufficient to pay 
 interest and sinking fund. 
 
 6. Water Act 1890. This Act repealed the whole of the previous Acts as far as not 
 already repealed and consolidated their provisions. The provisions for Waterworks 
 Trusts and Irrigation and Water Supply Trusts were kept distinct, and remained practically 
 unchanged. The Act provided specially for the water supply of Melbourne and Geelong, 
 which were still managed by the Board of Land and Works, as well as national undertakings, 
 and the Board was also authorized to complete and extend certain scheduled works. 
 Local governing bodies, such as Municipal Councils, were empowered to borrow money 
 from the Government for the purpose of purchasing or constructing waterworks, and 
 special . provisions were included in the Act regarding the Ballarat Water Com- 
 missioners. 
 
 7. Mallee Tanks Act 1895. By this Act a Shire Council in the Mallee country could 
 borrow money from the Government for the purpose of sinking tanks and constructing 
 dams, and could levy a rate not exceeding two shillings and sixpence in the pound on the 
 assessment of any property within the District. 
 
 8. Water Supply Advances Relief Act 1899. On the 30th June, 1899, the total indebt- 
 edness to Government of 8 Boroughs and Shires, of 31 Waterworks Trusts, and of 27 
 Irrigation and Water Supply Trusts amounted to 1,917,532 on capital account and 
 581,372 on interest account, and of these sums 1,068,459 was written off the former 
 and 574,252 off the latter. 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 183 
 
 9. Water Act 1900. This Act amended the 1890 Act. On petition of a majority of 
 ratepayers in a Waterworks District, the election of Trust Commissioners could be 
 transferred from the Municipal Councils to the ratepayers, and the appointment of a 
 Commissioner by the Governor was made opinonal. The 1890 Act was also amended 
 in many minor particulars. 
 
 10. Water Act 1905. Under this Act a State Rivers and Water Supply Board was 
 appointed by the Governor comprising three Commissioners, whose duties were to take 
 over and manage all the Government waterworks and such Trust undertakings as might 
 be entrusted to them from time to time. Several Waterworks Trusts and all Irrigation 
 Trusts except the First Mildura Trust were abolished under this Act, and their duties 
 handed over to the State Rivers and Water Supply Commissioners. 
 
 11. Water Act 1915. This Act consolidated previous Acts, and reference to Irrigation 
 Trusts was omittsd therein. 
 
 12. Local Government Acts 1903 to 1915. Under these Acts Municipal Councils are 
 authorized to construct and maintain tanks, dams, and reservoirs, and maintain works 
 for the gratuitous supply of water. They are also empowered to accept the management 
 and control of new waterworks and may, with the consent of the Governor, construct or 
 purchase new works. A special loan rate may be levied not exceeding two shillings in 
 the pound of the annual value. 
 
 13. Mildura Irrigation Trust. Under the Waterworks Construction Encouragement 
 Act 1886, an agreement was entered into with the Chaff ey Brothers for the irrigation and 
 settlement of 45,000 acres of land on the River Murray. The management was at first 
 in the hands of the Chaff ey Brothers, but was in 1888 transferred to a Limited Liability 
 Company. In 1895 the Mildura Irrigation Trusts Act was passed, by which all the lands 
 and works were transferred to the First Mildura Irrigation Trust. This Trust is composed 
 of six Commissioners, elected by the occupiers or owners of rateable land within the 
 District, and no person is eligible for election unless he be the owner of rateable land 
 situated within the District of the Trust. Provision was also made in this Act for the 
 formation of other Irrigation Trusts. The First Mildura Irrigation Trust is still in 
 existence, and has made great progress , in 1916 there were 12,000 acres under intense 
 culture, vines predominating, and the dried fruit harvested was valued at 683,000 gross. 
 Water is pumped from the River Murray by tv\o pumping stations (a) into a billabong 
 and thence to pumps lifting it to various levels ; and (b) to a comparatively small area 
 adjacent to the town. The length of the main and subsidiary channels is 280 miles. 
 
 14. Capital Cost. The following tables shew (a) the capital cost of waterworks 
 controlled by Government for the years 1874 to 1886 ; (6) the capital cost of waterworks 
 controlled by the Government, Irrigation and Water Supply Trusts, Waterworks Trusts, 
 and Municipal Corporations from 1888 to 1905, the cost of the Melbourne waterworks 
 being included with that of those controlled by the Government until 1892 ; and (c) the 
 capital cost of waterworks controlled by Government, by the First Mildura Irrigation 
 Trust, by Waterworks Trusts, and Municipal Corporations for the years 1906 to 1917, 
 The totals include the cost of the Melbourne and Geelong waterworks, particulars of 
 which are given hereinbefore (see pages 175 and 181) : 
 
 VICTORIA. WATERWORKS CONTROLLED BY GOVERNMENT. CAPITAL COST, 
 
 1874 TO 1886. 
 
 Year ending 
 31st December. 
 
 Capital Cost. 
 
 Year ending 31st 
 December. 
 
 Capital Cost. 
 
 Year ending 31st 
 December. 
 
 Capital 
 Cost. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1874 
 
 2,583,665 
 
 1879 
 
 3,537,160 
 
 1884 
 
 4,114,351 
 
 1875 
 
 2,583,665 
 
 1880 
 
 3,623,221 
 
 1885 
 
 4,205,269 
 
 1876 
 
 2,719,665 
 
 1881 
 
 3,687,059 
 
 1886 
 
 4,380,071 
 
 1877 
 
 3,368,720 
 
 1882 
 
 3,800,007 
 
 
 
 1878 
 
 3,386,517 
 
 1883 
 
 3,877,485 
 
 
 
184 
 
 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 VICTORIA. WATERWORKS CONTROLLED BY GOVERNMENT, IRRIGATION AND 
 WATER SUPPLY TRUSTS, WATERWORKS TRUSTS, AND MUNICIPAL 
 CORPORATIONS, CAPITAL COST, 1888 TO 1905. 
 
 
 Government 
 
 
 
 
 
 *Year 
 ending 
 30th 
 
 (including 
 Melbourne until 
 1891, and Gold- 
 fields Reservoirs). 
 
 Irrigation and 
 Water Supplv 
 Trusts. 
 
 Waterworks 
 Trusts. 
 
 Municipal 
 Corporations. 
 
 Total 
 (inclusive of 
 Melbourne;. 
 
 June. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cost. 
 
 No. 
 
 Cost. 
 
 No. 
 
 Cost. 
 
 No. 
 
 Cost. 
 
 Cost, 
 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1888f . . - 
 
 3,897,982 
 
 19 
 
 . 709,587 
 
 25 
 
 203,507 
 
 23 
 
 650,295 
 
 5,461,371 
 
 1889J .. 
 
 4,257,982 
 
 19 
 
 822,214 
 
 27 
 
 230,831 
 
 22 
 
 629,295 
 
 5,940,322 
 
 1890 . . 
 
 4,460,968 
 
 24 
 
 464,945 
 
 28 
 
 697,492 
 
 22 
 
 630,920 
 
 6,254,325 
 
 1891 . . 
 
 4,786,244 
 
 28 
 
 701,482 
 
 46 
 
 807,720 
 
 21 
 
 630,420 
 
 6,925,866 
 
 1892 . . 
 
 1,486,763 
 
 28 
 
 812,859 
 
 46 
 
 807,720 
 
 21 
 
 630,420 
 
 7,170,555 
 
 1893 . . 
 
 ,483,763 
 
 30 
 
 901,436 
 
 50 
 
 855,120 
 
 21 
 
 630,420 
 
 7,455,973 
 
 1894 . . 
 
 ,484,258 
 
 30 
 
 962,526 
 
 54 
 
 777,350 
 
 21 
 
 630,420 
 
 7,440,144 
 
 1895 . . 
 
 ,484,258 
 
 30 
 
 987,309 
 
 57 
 
 767,851 
 
 21 
 
 630,420 
 
 7,517,107 
 
 1896 . . 
 
 ,486,773 
 
 30 
 
 ,012,991 
 
 61 
 
 832,865 
 
 21 
 
 630,420 
 
 7,630,349 
 
 1897 . . 
 
 ,486,773 
 
 29 
 
 ,029,149 
 
 62 
 
 841,701 
 
 21 
 
 630,420 
 
 7,663,218 
 
 1898 . . 
 
 ,480,369 
 
 29 
 
 ,055,083 
 
 64 
 
 839,849 
 
 21 
 
 631,220 
 
 7,681,696 
 
 1899 . . 
 
 ,487,543 
 
 30 
 
 ,066,024 
 
 68 
 
 854,244 
 
 25 
 
 681,955 
 
 7,766,766 
 
 1900 . . 
 
 ,516,165 
 
 31 
 
 ,083,040 
 
 70 
 
 937,141 
 
 26 
 
 694,436 
 
 7,937,409 
 
 1901 . . 
 
 ,585,441 
 
 31 
 
 ,103,052 
 
 71 
 
 923,418 
 
 26 
 
 701,423 
 
 8,039,075 
 
 1902 . . 
 
 ,617,293 
 
 31 
 
 ,109,157 
 
 71 
 
 935,286 
 
 26 
 
 687,317 
 
 8,088,058 
 
 1903 . . 
 
 1,636,868 
 
 31 
 
 ,051,672 
 
 71 
 
 985,356 
 
 26 
 
 6.90,604 
 
 8,106,168 
 
 1904 . . 
 
 2,804,863 
 
 31 
 
 ,120,650 
 
 73 
 
 1,051,424 
 
 26 
 
 675,161 
 
 9,405,122 
 
 1905 . . 
 
 2,894,851 
 
 31 
 
 ,122,087 
 
 74 
 
 i;068,985 
 
 25 
 
 669,438 
 
 9,507,069 
 
 * Melbourne Waterworks. The cost is given at the 31st December of the preceding year, 
 t Year ending 31st July, 1888. 
 
 Year ending 17th May, 1889.. 
 
 VICTORIA. WATERWORKS CONTROLLED BY GOVERNMENT, THE FIRST 
 MILDURA IRRIGATION TRUST, WATERWORKS TRUSTS, AND MUNICIPAL 
 CORPORATIONS. CAPITAL COST, 1906 TO 1917. 
 
 
 Government 
 
 l?Ji-ct 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 Year ending 30th 
 June. 
 
 (inclusive of 
 Gold-fields 
 Reservoirs). 
 
 .T irsi> 
 Mildura 
 Trust. 
 
 Waterworks Trusts. 
 
 Municipal 
 Corporations. 
 
 (inclusive of 
 Melbourne and 
 Geelong). 
 
 
 Cost. 
 
 Cost. 
 
 No. 
 
 Cost. 
 
 No. 
 
 Cost. 
 
 Cost. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1906 
 
 3,847,761 
 
 58,700 
 
 81 
 
 1,367,565 
 
 25 
 
 669,684 
 
 9,711,980 
 
 1907 
 
 3,935,216 
 
 58,700 
 
 84 
 
 1,406,510 
 
 32 
 
 683,909 
 
 9,877,724 
 
 1908 
 
 3,948,227 
 
 58,700 
 
 87 
 
 1,429,836 
 
 32 
 
 685,510 
 
 10,405,420 
 
 1909 
 
 4,693,323 
 
 64,209 
 
 83 
 
 952,486 
 
 32 
 
 685,901 
 
 10,744,174 
 
 1910 
 
 4,930,121 
 
 67,382 
 
 83 
 
 996,518 
 
 32 
 
 686,356 
 
 11,086,378 
 
 1911 
 
 5,202,653 
 
 72,430 
 
 86 
 
 1,060,067 
 
 28 
 
 694,565 
 
 11,539,073 
 
 1912 
 
 5,315,293 
 
 80,500 
 
 88 
 
 1,089,477 
 
 28 
 
 694,158 
 
 11,843,704 
 
 1913 
 
 5,547,536 
 
 82,511 
 
 89 
 
 ,120,806 
 
 28 
 
 695,139 
 
 12,456,834 
 
 1914 
 
 5,663,267 
 
 87,232 
 
 91 
 
 ,151,518 
 
 28 
 
 693,973 
 
 12,759,037 
 
 1915 
 
 5,934,816 
 
 87,232 
 
 94 
 
 ,173,365 
 
 28 
 
 693,258 
 
 13,219,860 
 
 1916 
 
 6,234,949 
 
 87,232 
 
 97 
 
 ,206,938 
 
 28 
 
 700,832 
 
 13,668,697 
 
 1917 
 
 6,477,511 
 
 100,932 
 
 98 
 
 ,224,211 
 
 28 
 
 718,089 
 
 13,988,640 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SKWKKACK. 
 
 185 
 
 ir>. Outstanding Loans. In the following table are given t In- ,i mounts of outstanding 
 loans incurred by the Government on State works, and o\viim to the Government by the 
 First Mildura Irrigation Trust, Waterworks Trusts, Municipal Corporations, the Muni- 
 cipality of Geelong, and the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works on account of 
 waterworks for the years 1906 to 1917. The Municipality of Geelong and the Melbourne 
 and Metropolitan Board of Works have also obtained loans from other sources, particulars 
 of which are not included in the following : 
 
 VICTORIA. WATERWORKS. -OUTSTANDING LOANS TO GOVERNMENT, 
 
 1906 TO 1917. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Melbourne 
 
 
 
 ading 
 ::oth June. 
 
 State 
 Works. 
 
 First 
 Mildura 
 Trust. 
 
 Waterworks 
 Trusts. 
 
 Municipal 
 Corpora- 
 tions. 
 
 and 
 
 Metropolitan 
 Board of 
 
 <;<>elong 
 Municipal 
 Trust. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Works. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1906 
 
 3,286,791 
 
 58,700 
 
 905,336 
 
 466,395 
 
 1,848,663 
 
 * 
 
 6,565,885 
 
 1907 
 
 3,341,865 
 
 58,700 
 
 933,033 
 
 468,462 
 
 1,688,663 
 
 * 
 
 6,490,723 
 
 1908 
 
 3,811,575 
 
 58,700 
 
 950,293 
 
 465,778 
 
 1,688,663 
 
 * 
 
 6,975,009 
 
 1909 
 
 3,831,440 
 
 64,209 
 
 731,276 
 
 461,881 
 
 1,688,663 
 
 456,700 
 
 7,234,169 
 
 1910 
 
 4,067,605 
 
 67,382 
 
 769,442 
 
 457,981 
 
 1,688,663 
 
 190,082 
 
 7,241,155 
 
 1911 
 
 4,336,312 
 
 72,430 
 
 819,697 
 
 421,273 
 
 1,688,663 
 
 190,082 
 
 7,528,457 
 
 1912 
 
 4,440,940 
 
 80,500 
 
 843,806 
 
 418,672 
 
 1,688,663 
 
 190,082 
 
 7,662,663 
 
 1913 
 
 4,668,885 
 
 81,990 
 
 866,595 
 
 415,679 
 
 1,559,786 . 
 
 190,082 
 
 7,783,017 
 
 1914 
 
 4,843,779 
 
 86,355 
 
 889,905 
 
 417,937 
 
 1,559,786 
 
 190,676 
 
 7,988,438 
 
 1915 
 
 5,114,982 
 
 86,355 
 
 911,787 
 
 447,347 
 
 1,559,786 
 
 190,676 
 
 8,310,933 
 
 1916 
 
 5,412,278 
 
 85,549 
 
 929,561 
 
 450,518 
 
 1,559,786 
 
 190,676 
 
 8,628,368 
 
 1917 
 
 5,652,560 
 
 98,752 
 
 937,811 
 
 464,113 
 
 1,559,786 
 
 190,676 
 
 8,603,698 
 
 * Included with State works. 
 
 16. Waterworks Trusts Revenue and Expenditure. In the following table are given 
 particulars of the revenue and expenditure of Waterworks Trusts, exclusive of Mildura 
 and Geelong, for the years 1905 to 1916 : 
 
 VICTORIA. WATERWORKS TRUSTS (EXCLUSIVE OF MILDURA AND GEELONG). 
 REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1905 TO 1916. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year ending 31st 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 December. 
 
 Water 
 
 Hates. 
 
 Sales of 
 Water. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Salaries 
 
 and 
 
 mainten- 
 ance and 
 Manage- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1905 . . 
 
 52,703 
 
 10,030 
 
 8,921 
 
 71,654 
 
 11,155 
 
 22,555 
 
 38,166 
 
 71,876 
 
 1906 
 
 69,382 
 
 14,330 
 
 5,371 
 
 89,083 
 
 12,033 
 
 28,857 
 
 45,874 
 
 86,764 
 
 1907 
 
 74,775 
 
 15,113 
 
 3,359 
 
 93,247 
 
 13,429 
 
 31,536 
 
 43,706 
 
 88,671 
 
 1908 
 
 53,724 
 
 9,896 
 
 2,784 
 
 66,404 
 
 11,738 
 
 22,491 
 
 32,862 
 
 67,091 
 
 1909 
 
 56,486 
 
 10,621 
 
 1,669 
 
 68,776 
 
 13,019 
 
 19,509 
 
 35,459 
 
 67,987 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 56,416 
 
 11,323 
 
 7,450 
 
 75,189 
 
 13,220 
 
 25,251 
 
 36,754 
 
 75,225 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 60,567 
 
 12,175 
 
 2,988 
 
 75,730 
 
 13,786 
 
 21,306 
 
 36,901 
 
 71,993 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 62,483 
 
 12,754 
 
 2,742 
 
 77,979 
 
 15,290 
 
 27,906 
 
 37,224 
 
 80,420 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 65,870 
 
 15,048 
 
 2,036 
 
 82,954 
 
 14,958 
 
 22,d31 
 
 41,857 
 
 79,746 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 66,997 
 
 17,206 
 
 2,629 
 
 86,832 
 
 16,663 
 
 31,873 
 
 43,424 
 
 91,960 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 70,414 
 
 16,273 
 
 2,478 
 
 89,165 
 
 18,216 
 
 30,719 
 
 44,182 
 
 93,117 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 74,921 
 
 15,826 
 
 2,406 
 
 93,153 
 
 17,984 
 
 20,566 
 
 46,369 
 
 84,919 
 
186 
 
 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 17. First Mildura Irrigation Trust Revenue and Expenditure. In the following 
 table are shewn the ordinary revenue and expenditure, exclusive of interest, of the First 
 Mildura Irrigation Trust, for the years 1900 to 1917 : 
 
 VICTORIA. FIRST MILDURA IRRIGATION TRUST. REVENUE AND 
 EXPENDITURE (EXCLUSIVE OF INTEREST), 1900 TO 1917. 
 
 Year ending 30th 
 June. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year ending 30th 
 June. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1900 
 
 9,801 
 
 9,647 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 20,054 
 
 27,064 
 
 1901 
 
 10,756 
 
 9,987 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 21,329 
 
 16,466 
 
 1902 
 
 11,461 
 
 11,650 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 21,316 
 
 18,849 
 
 1903 
 
 13,738 
 
 13,842 
 
 1912 ... 
 
 22,139 
 
 22,716 
 
 1904 
 
 14,672 
 
 11,486 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 30,695 
 
 32,873 
 
 1905 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 27,111 
 
 28,569 
 
 1906 
 
 15,527 
 
 15,949 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 29,259 
 
 33,159 
 
 1907 
 
 16,939 
 
 18,039 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 28,971 
 
 30,350 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 18,384 
 
 19,963 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 29,167 
 
 22,654 
 
 Not available. 
 
 3. Queensland. 
 
 (A) Brisbane Water Supply. 
 
 1. Early Sources of Supply. For many years after separation the City water supply 
 was drawn from a chain of water-holes which started somewhere near where the Roma- 
 street Railway Station is at present situated. Shortly after the proclamation of the 
 Municipality the water was sold by the Council, but later on this scheme was abandoned 
 and replaced by another by which water-carriers were licensed. 
 
 In 1863 preparations were made for a permanent supply, and the construction of the 
 Enoggera Reservoir was commenced. 
 
 2. Brisbane Waterworks Act 1863. This Act was passed for the purpose of obtain- 
 ing a water supply for the City of Brisbane from the upper portion of Enoggera 
 Creek. The Governor was empowered to grant to the Municipal Council of Brisbane such 
 Crown lands as might be required, and to pay over any moneys received by loan for the 
 purpose of defraying the cost of supplying the City with water. The Council was given 
 power to construct waterworks, purchase land, erect fountains, provide fire-plugs, &c., 
 and levy water rates. A reservation was made in this Act by which the Governor could 
 appoint a Board of not over five members to act instead of the Municipal Council. 
 
 The necessary works for obtaining a supply of water were constructed by a Board 
 specially appointed by the Governor, and in 1866 the powers of the Municipal Council 
 were transferred to this Board. At the same time authority was given to the Governor 
 to re-transfer the works and property to the Municipal Council if he should see fit. In 
 1868 the Board was constituted a body corporate by the name of the " Brisbane Board 
 of Waterworks." 
 
 3. Brisbane Water Supply Act 1889. This Act repealed the previous Act and the 
 amendments thereto. The Brisbane Board of Waterworks continued until superseded 
 by a Joint Local Authority which could be constituted under the Act. The Gold Creek 
 Reservoir, with its channels, &c., was deemed to have been lawfully constructed. The 
 Treasurer was authorized to advance loans to the Board, which was also empowered to 
 obtain water from the Brisbane River, and might either levy water rates or sell water 
 by meter. The Governor was authorized to constitute a Joint Local Authority for the 
 purpose of exercising the powers and duties of the Board. The governing body of the 
 Joint Local Authority was a Board called the Metropolitan and Suburban Water Board, 
 the members of which were elected by every Local Authority having jurisdiction within 
 any part of the District of the Joint Local Authority, and any male person liable to be 
 rated in respect of rateable land within the District wa3 qualified to be a member. The 
 number of representatives on the Board was prescribed by the Governor. 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 187 
 
 4. Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Act 1909. Under this Act the existing Board 
 was dissolved, and its powers and property vested in the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage 
 Board. The District comprised within *the area under the jurisdiction of this Board 
 contains the Cities of Brisbane and South Brisbane, the Towns of Hamilton, Ithaca, 
 Toowong, and Windsor, the Shires of Coorparoo, Stephens, and Taringa, and two divisions 
 in each of the Shires of Balmoral, Enoggera, Sherwood, and Toombul. The President 
 of the Board is appointed by the Governor for a term of seven years. The ratepayers of 
 the District elect eight male ratepayers to be members, who are appointed for four years, 
 one-half retiring every two years. In addition 'to taking over the works of the old 
 Board, the new Board has power to construct new waterworks and to provide a 
 system of sewerage. 
 
 5. Description of Waterworks. The following is a brief description of the waterworks 
 at present supplying Brisbane and its suburbs with water : 
 
 (i) Enoggera Reservoir. This was the first work carried out by the Board of Waterworks. 
 It was commenced in 1864, and completed in 1866, and is situated about 8 miles from 
 Brisbane. The catchment area is nearly 13 square miles in extent, and the reservoir, 
 which is formed by an earthen dam across Enoggera Creek, holds 1,000,000,000 gallons, 
 of which 600,000,000 are available by gravitation. The greatest length of the reservoir 
 is 2,600 yards, and the greatest breadth 700 yards. There are two lines of pipes from 
 the reservoir to Brisbane, 16 inches and 12 inches in diameter, with a carrying capacity 
 of about 2,600,000 gallons daily. The supply from Enoggera is filtered through an 
 intermittent sand filtration plant, comprising half-an-acre of sand beds, and there is a 
 pure water reservoir with a capacity of 750,000 gallons. 
 
 (ii) Gold Creek Reservoir. This reservoir, constructed in 1885, is situated in the 
 upper waters of Gold Creek, a branch of Moggil Creek, distant from Brisbane by road 
 about 13 miles'. The supply is drawn from a catchment area adjoining that of Enoggera, 
 and comprises an area of nearly 4 square miles. The total capacity is about 406,000,000 
 gallons, of which 400,000,000 are available. The diameter of the service main is 16 inches, 
 and the distance from the valve house to Brisbane 12 \ miles. The greatest length of the 
 reservoir is 1,650 yards, and the greatest breadth 682 yards. 
 
 (iii) Brisbane River Supply. This is now the principal source of supply, of which 
 over 91 per cent, was derived in 1916. The catchment area is about 4,000 square 
 miles in extent, and the water is pumped from the river into the Mount Crosby 
 service reservoir, which is 455 feet above high-water mark at Brisbane. This reser- 
 voir was completed in 1892, and is built in cement concrete. It is 267 feet long, 
 100 feet wide, and 15 feet deep, and has a capacity of about 2,500,000 gallons. The 
 outlet pipe is 34 inches in diameter, and leads through the valve house to the gravitation 
 main which is 17f miles long and 24 inches in diameter. At Kenmore, 11 miles from 
 Mount Crosby, a junction is effected between this 24-in. main and the 16-in. main from 
 Gold Creek. 
 
 (iv) Cabbage Tree Creek Reservoir. This reservoir was commenced in 1912 and 
 completed in 1916, at a cost of 181,780, and consists of a concrete dam. 
 
 (v) Service Reservoirs. The Highgate Hill Reservoir, with a capacity of 2,176,000 
 gallons, was constructed in 1889 to supply parts of South Brisbane. To fill this reservoir, 
 and in order to insure a good water supply to the south side of the river generally, an 
 inverted syphon, 16 inches in diameter, was laid under the Brisbane River between 
 Toowong and West End. This syphon is 800 feet long, and is connected with both the 
 Mount Crosby and Gold Creek mains. There are two service reservoirs constructed on 
 Observatory Hill, Wickham Terrace, for the purpose of supplying the lower parts of 
 North Brisbane. These are supplied from the Enoggera Reservoir through a 12-in. main, 
 the water being aerated as it enters into the reservoirs, which hold 570,000 gallons. 
 Bartley's Hill Reservoir was built in 1907 to increase the supply to the Hamilton, 
 Clayfield, and Nundah Districts, and has a capacity of 1,367,256 gallons, the top water 
 level being 250 feet above high -water spring tides. It is supplied from the Mount Crosby 
 Reservoir through a 12-in. main. All these reservoirs are roofed over. 
 
 6. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following tables shew (a) the length of reticulation 
 mains, the estimated number of tenements and population supplied, the average daily 
 supply, and the. average daily supply per head of the estimated population for the years 
 
188 
 
 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 1901 to 1918 , (6) the revenue and expenditure of the Brisbane Waterworks for the years 
 1884 to 1917 ; and (c) the cost of construction, assets, liabilities, and outstanding loans 
 of the Brisbane Waterworks for the years 1884 to 1917, inclusive of sewerage works : 
 
 QUEENSLAND. BRISBANE WATERWORKS. POPULATION SUPPLIED, AVERAGE 
 DAILY SUPPLY, ETC., 1901 TO 1918. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Length of 
 Reticulation 
 Mains. 
 
 Nil mix? r of 
 Tenements 
 connected. 
 
 Estimated 
 Population 
 supplied. 
 
 Average Daily 
 Supply. 
 
 Average 
 Daily Supply 
 per Head of 
 Estimated 
 Population. 
 
 
 Miles. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 198 
 
 15,652 
 
 78,260 
 
 4,208,931 
 
 53-78 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 216f 
 
 17,346 
 
 86,730 
 
 4,108,696 
 
 47-37 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 229{ 
 
 17,435 
 
 87,175 
 
 3,873,211 
 
 44-43 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 240] 
 
 17,814 
 
 89,070 
 
 4,621,493 
 
 51-89 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 250.1 
 
 18,855 
 
 94,275 
 
 4,794,028 
 
 50-85 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 264 
 
 19,223 
 
 96,115 
 
 4,468,216 
 
 46-49 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 2801 
 
 20,050 
 
 100,250 
 
 4,869,406 
 
 48-68 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 296 
 
 20,365 
 
 101,825 
 
 4,438,514 
 
 43-59 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 308-1 
 
 21,560 
 
 107,800 
 
 4,584,351 
 
 42-53 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 317 
 
 22,830 
 
 114,150 
 
 4,867,766 
 
 42-64 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 333? 
 
 24,153 
 
 120,765 
 
 5,125,390 
 
 42-44 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 347 
 
 27,678 
 
 129,575 
 
 5,520,231 
 
 42-60 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 370i 
 
 28,301 
 
 139,925 
 
 5,752,302 
 
 41-11 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 389" 
 
 29,612 
 
 148,060 
 
 6,284,712 
 
 42-44 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 405 
 
 31,442 
 
 157,210 
 
 7,275,178 
 
 46-28 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 414 
 
 31,770 
 
 158,030 
 
 7,183,354 
 
 45-46 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 429A 
 
 33.082 
 
 165,410 
 
 7,747,354 
 
 46-83 
 
 1918 .. 
 
 451J 
 
 34,450 
 
 172,250 
 
 8,655,082 
 
 50-24 
 
 QUEENSLAND. BRISBANE WATERWORKS. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1884 TO 1917. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 nxpenaiiure. 
 
 Rates and 
 Sales of 
 Water. 
 
 (Jovern- 1 
 incut Other. 
 Loans. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Construc- 
 tion and 
 Main- 
 tenance . 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1884 . . 
 
 17,740 
 
 19,214 
 
 690 
 
 37,644 
 
 2,094 
 
 32,229 
 
 5,542 
 
 39,865 
 
 1885 
 
 20,152 i 41,545 
 
 3,211 
 
 64,908 
 
 2,327 
 
 51,852 
 
 8,005 
 
 62,184 
 
 1886 . . 
 
 21,971 ; 6,000 
 
 8,425 
 
 36,396 
 
 1,615 
 
 13,850 
 
 11,150 
 
 26,615 
 
 1887 
 
 23,665 
 
 11,000 
 
 349 
 
 35,014 
 
 2,083 
 
 15,794 
 
 11,740 
 
 29,617 
 
 1888 . . 
 
 30,927 
 
 
 351 
 
 31,278 
 
 2,007 
 
 19,945 
 
 11,958 
 
 33,910 
 
 1889 . . 
 
 31,906 
 
 33,329 
 
 212 
 
 65,447 
 
 2,218 
 
 48,683 
 
 12,685 
 
 63,586 
 
 1890 . . 
 
 33,855 
 
 51,539 
 
 707 
 
 86,101 
 
 2,508 
 
 74,069 
 
 2,615 
 
 79,192 
 
 1891 
 
 39,215 
 
 134,663 
 
 8,169 
 
 182,047 
 
 2,877 
 
 149,614 
 
 20,802 
 
 173,293 
 
 1892 . . 
 
 38,046 
 
 55,068 
 
 9,911 
 
 103,025 
 
 3,140 
 
 72,835 
 
 30,515 
 
 106,490 
 
 1893 . . 
 
 39,293 
 
 20,000 
 
 3,039 
 
 62,332 
 
 2,968 
 
 30,241 
 
 26,901 
 
 60,110 
 
 1894 . . 
 
 41,012 
 
 8,217 
 
 1,085 
 
 50,314 
 
 2,942 
 
 17,515 
 
 27,296 
 
 47,753 
 
 1895 
 
 41,919 
 
 9,000 
 
 7,960 
 
 58,879 
 
 2,930 
 
 23,396 
 
 29,644 
 
 55,970 
 
 1896 . . 
 
 43,649 
 
 2,700 2,564 
 
 48,913 
 
 3,190 
 
 18,549 
 
 30,049 
 
 51,788 
 
 1897 
 
 45,727 
 
 4,500 
 
 3,579 
 
 53,806 
 
 3,077 
 
 21,198 
 
 30,184 
 
 54,459 
 
 1898 
 
 49,630 
 
 4,110 
 
 3,410 
 
 57,150 
 
 3,089 
 
 22,002 
 
 30,395 
 
 55,486 
 
 1899 
 
 53,296 
 
 9,945 
 
 1,116 
 
 64,357 
 
 3,333 
 
 21,918 
 
 31,696 
 
 56,947 
 
 1900 
 
 55,432 
 
 6,532 
 
 2,719 
 
 64,683 
 
 3,670 
 
 23,964 
 
 26,885 
 
 54,519 
 
 1901 
 
 60,120 
 
 4,400 1,176 
 
 65,696 
 
 3,929 
 
 21,069 
 
 42,426 
 
 67,424 
 
 1902 . . 
 
 60,917 
 
 1,146 
 
 62,063 
 
 4,347 
 
 33,024 
 
 26,716 
 
 64,087 
 
 1903 
 
 62,435 
 
 
 1,330 
 
 63,765 
 
 4,803 
 
 33,220 
 
 26,716 
 
 64,739 
 
 1904 . . 
 
 63,338 
 
 
 1,159 
 
 64,497 
 
 4,999 
 
 32,151 
 
 26,716 
 
 63,866 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWER ACK. 
 
 189 
 
 QUEENSLAND. BRISBANE WATERWORKS. REVENUE AND 
 EXPENDITURE, 1884 TO 1917 -continued. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Construc- 
 
 
 
 
 Rates and 
 
 Govern- 
 
 
 
 Adminis- 
 
 tion 
 
 
 
 
 Sal.-s <>l 
 
 ment 
 
 Othn. 
 
 Total. 
 
 tration. 
 
 ,iml 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 Water. 
 
 I.OallS. 
 
 
 
 
 JJaia- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 trliaiKV. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 g 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1905 
 
 65,584 
 
 . . 
 
 ,618 
 
 67,202 
 
 5,056 
 
 31,411 
 
 26,716 
 
 63,183 
 
 1906 . . 
 
 67,280 
 
 . . 
 
 ,200 
 
 68,480 
 
 5,289 
 
 37,411 
 
 26,716 
 
 69,416 
 
 1907 
 
 69,709 
 
 . . 
 
 ,244 
 
 70,953 
 
 5,798 
 
 31,571 
 
 26,716 
 
 64,085 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 69,493 
 
 
 ,304 
 
 70,797 
 
 5,929 
 
 34,987 
 
 26,716 
 
 67,632 
 
 1909 
 
 69,736 
 
 
 ,425 
 
 71,161 
 
 7,665 
 
 32,339 
 
 26,716 
 
 66,720 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 71,511 
 
 20,000 
 
 2,046 
 
 93,557 
 
 10,187 
 
 58,238 
 
 27,754 
 
 96,179 
 
 1911 
 
 67,731 
 
 155,000 
 
 2,204 
 
 224,935 
 
 12,011 
 
 165,533 
 
 20,670 
 
 198,214 
 
 1912 
 
 64,367 
 
 118,134 
 
 9,419 
 
 191,920 
 
 15,337 
 
 143,326 
 
 26,781 
 
 185,444 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 76,922 
 
 129,304 
 
 3,128 
 
 209,354 
 
 15,591 
 
 148,627 
 
 42,299 
 
 206,517 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 97,366 
 
 233,018 
 
 3,058 
 
 333,442 
 
 16,624 
 
 261,747 
 
 54,136 
 
 332,507 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 103,530 
 
 369,929 
 
 4,826 
 
 478,285 
 
 17,362 
 
 394,481 
 
 66,900 
 
 478,743 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 111,066 
 
 289,020 
 
 5,272 
 
 405,358 
 
 20,673 
 
 317,284 
 
 70,835 
 
 408,792 
 
 1917 
 
 121,515 
 
 288,007 
 
 9,796 
 
 419,318 
 
 21,373 
 
 323,986 
 
 73,172 
 
 418,531 
 
 QUEENSLAND. BRISBANE WATERWORKS. COST OF CONSTRUCTION, ASSETS, 
 LIABILITIES, AND OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1884 TO 1917. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Cost of 
 Construction 
 and Additions. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Jx>ans. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1884 
 
 212,175 
 
 226,964 
 
 143,542 
 
 143,542 
 
 1885 
 
 257,451 
 
 272,434 
 
 186,140 
 
 183,193 
 
 1886 
 
 265,170 
 
 278,231 
 
 196,443 
 
 188,174 
 
 1887 
 
 270,434 
 
 280,777 
 
 199,760 
 
 198,103 
 
 1888 
 
 292,891 
 
 284.488 
 
 195,789 
 
 194,132 
 
 1889 
 
 334,921 
 
 323,367 
 
 225,223 
 
 225,223 
 
 1890 
 
 403,494 
 
 385,047 
 
 279,704 
 
 274,147 
 
 1891 
 
 546,222 
 
 527,769 
 
 416,604 
 
 405,428 
 
 1892 
 
 613,152 
 
 588,916 
 
 477,207 
 
 457,591 
 
 1893 
 
 629,272 
 
 581,065 
 
 474,542 
 
 474,542 
 
 1894 
 
 637,734 
 
 582,973 
 
 480,169 
 
 479,555 
 
 1895 
 
 645,060 
 
 586,232 
 
 482,989 
 
 482,989 
 
 1896 
 
 652,090 
 
 565,604 
 
 479,892 
 
 479,892 
 
 1897 
 
 659,915 
 
 558,682 
 
 478,301 
 
 478,301 
 
 1898 
 
 668,842 
 
 551,578 
 
 476,004 
 
 476,004 
 
 1899 
 
 678,031 
 
 553,750 
 
 478,212 
 
 478,212 
 
 1900 
 
 688,470 ' 
 
 558,679 
 
 476,596 
 
 476,581 
 
 1901 
 
 694,973 
 
 548,913 
 
 457,767 
 
 457,767 
 
 1902 
 
 711,082 
 
 551,201 
 
 449,372 
 
 449,362 
 
 1903 
 
 728,892 
 
 554,835 
 
 440,639 
 
 440,619 
 
 1904 
 
 740,618 
 
 551,295 
 
 432,062' 
 
 431,528 
 
 1905 
 
 751,477 
 
 550,846 
 
 422,113 
 
 422,073 
 
 1906 
 
 774,921 
 
 557,648 
 
 412,506 
 
 412,240 
 
 1907 
 
 792,264 
 
 567,247 
 
 402,423 
 
 402,014 
 
 1908 
 
 811,055 
 
 572,321 
 
 392,251 
 
 391,378 
 
 1909 
 
 825,812 
 
 576,105 
 
 384,375 
 
 380,317 
 
 1910 
 
 867,838 
 
 614,722 
 
 395,61 1 
 
 387,499 
 
 1911 
 
 1,015,276 
 
 770,203 
 
 558,230 
 
 539,465 
 
 1912 
 
 1,134,815 
 
 892,119 
 
 674,766 
 
 655,039 
 
 1913 
 
 1.255,899 
 
 1,029,474 
 
 805,944 
 
 781,074 
 
 1914 
 
 1,489,720 
 
 1,276,776 
 
 1,034,909 
 
 1,009,777 
 
 1915 
 
 1,852,622 
 
 1,637,734 
 
 1,163,129 
 
 1,148,632 
 
 1916 
 
 2,136,699 
 
 1,934,877 
 
 1,282,128 
 
 1,260,958 
 
 1917 
 
 2,422,858 
 
 2,219,841 
 
 1,375,055 
 
 1,360,145 
 
190 
 
 WATEE SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 (B) Brisbane Sewerage. 
 
 1. General. The Brisbane sewerage scheme is in the hands of the Metropolitan Water 
 and Sewerage Board. Up to the present surveys have been made, a portion of the 
 main sewer is being carried out by day labour, and contracts let for other portions 
 thereof. Up to the end of 1917 the sum of 578,243 has been spent on sewerage 
 works. 
 
 (c) Waterworks in Country Towns. 
 
 1. General. Prior to the passing of the Water Authorities Act 1891 Municipal Councils 
 were empowered under the various Local Authorities Acts to construct waterworks and 
 provide water supplies for their respective Municipalities. 
 
 2. Water Authorities Act 1891. The Governor is empowered to constitute the District 
 of a Local Authority, or the Districts, being conterminous, of two or more Local Authorities, 
 a Water Area, and can also unite, divide, and abolish Water Areas. For every such 
 Area a Water Authority is constituted either (a) by the appointment of the Local 
 Authority, whose district is within the Water Area ; (6) by the election of the members 
 of the Local Authorities concerned ; (c) by the appointment of the members by the 
 Governor ; or (d) by the election of some members and the appointment of others by 
 the Governor. The number of members is fixed by the Governor, and at least one-third 
 of them go out of office every year. 
 
 A Water Authority may construct waterworks, supply water for domestic and other 
 purposes, levy rates, sell water by meter, and borrow money from the Colonial Treasure?. 
 
 Regarding waterworks existing at the time of the passing of the Act, as soon as a Water 
 Area is constituted the provisions of this Act come into force. 
 
 3. Rockhampton Waterworks Act 1875. Under this Act the Municipal Council of 
 Rockhampton was granted lands, including the Crescent, Dunganweate, Murray, and 
 Yeppen Yeppen Lagoons and their watersheds, for the purpose of supplying Rockhampton 
 with water. The Council was empowered to borrow money, construct works, purchase 
 lands, and levy water rates. As soon as a Water Area had been proclaimed under the 
 Water Authorities Act 1891 for Rockhampton all the provisions of that Act applied to the 
 Water Authority of the Area. 
 
 4. Charters Towers Water Board. In 1905 a special Act was passed to provide for 
 the election of six members of the Water Board of the Water Area of Charters Towers, 
 and enacted that they were to be elected by the ratepayers in the manner prescribed by 
 the Local Authorities Act, simultaneously with the elections for Councillors. 
 
 5. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following tables are given (a) the revenue and 
 expenditure, and (6) the cost of construction, assets, liabilities, and outstanding loans 
 from Government of waterworks, other than those of Brisbane, for the years 1884 to 
 1917 : 
 
 QUEENSLAND. COUNTRY WATERWORKS. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1884 TO 1917. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Main- 
 
 
 
 
 Rates and 
 Sales of 
 
 Govern- 
 ment 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 
 tenance 
 and 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 Water. 
 
 Loans. 
 
 
 
 tration. 
 
 Construc- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tion. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1884 . . 
 
 19,226 
 
 7,500 
 
 778 
 
 27,504 
 
 2,538 
 
 19,221 
 
 8,128 
 
 29,887 
 
 1885 . . 
 
 20,368 
 
 8,709 
 
 6,319 
 
 35,396 
 
 2,882 
 
 19,779 
 
 9,016 
 
 31,677 
 
 1886 . . 
 
 16,607 
 
 8,000 
 
 283 
 
 24,890 
 
 3,117 
 
 11,439 
 
 7,218 
 
 21,774 
 
 1887 . . 
 
 24,646 
 
 
 27 
 
 24,673 
 
 2,585 
 
 15,218 
 
 8,802 
 
 26,605 
 
 1888 . . 
 
 20,356 
 
 '32,446 
 
 59 
 
 52,861 
 
 2,618 
 
 16,936 
 
 8,062 
 
 27,616 
 
 1889 . . 
 
 26,777 
 
 30,000 
 
 1,159 
 
 57,936 
 
 3,455 
 
 53,551 
 
 8,984 
 
 65,990 
 
 1890 . . 
 
 27,125 
 
 18,400 
 
 819 
 
 46,344 
 
 4,146 
 
 39,477 
 
 9,118 
 
 52,741 
 
 1891 
 
 31,465 
 
 14,000 
 
 1,747 
 
 47,212 
 
 4,718 
 
 19,639 
 
 12,498 
 
 36,855 
 
 1892 . . 
 
 34,639 
 
 3,000 
 
 774 
 
 38,413 
 
 3,009 
 
 24,057 
 
 18,220 
 
 45,286 
 
 1893 . . 
 
 38,765 
 
 2,500 
 
 594 
 
 41,859 
 
 2,688 
 
 20,735 
 
 16,884 
 
 40,307 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 191 
 
 QUEENSLAND. COUNTRY WATERWORKS. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1884 TO 1917 continued. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Main- 
 
 
 
 
 Rates and 
 
 Govern- 
 
 
 
 A jfwlw4fl 
 
 tenance 
 
 
 
 
 Sales ot 
 
 ment 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Aaininis- 
 
 and 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 Water. 
 
 Loans. 
 
 
 
 trjition. 
 
 Construc- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tion. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 1894 . . 
 
 38,431 
 
 4,250 
 
 4,329 
 
 47,010 
 
 3,205 
 
 18,552 
 
 18,717 
 
 40,474 
 
 1895 . . 
 
 37,863 
 
 2,714 
 
 912 
 
 41,489 
 
 3,532 
 
 22,896 
 
 14,135 
 
 40563 
 
 1896 . . 
 
 41,044 
 
 17,605 
 
 876 
 
 59,525 
 
 4,032 
 
 38,772 
 
 14,269 
 
 57,073 
 
 1897 
 
 44,071 
 
 15,000 
 
 2,450 
 
 61,521 
 
 4,115 
 
 37,026 
 
 15,854 
 
 56,995 
 
 1898 
 
 47,993 
 
 6,750 
 
 1,332 
 
 56,075 
 
 5,048 
 
 31,029 
 
 28,731 
 
 64,808 
 
 1899 . . 
 
 49,300 
 
 13,663 
 
 2,702 
 
 65,665 
 
 5,629 
 
 34,154 
 
 7,842 
 
 47,625 
 
 1900 . . 
 
 50,977 
 
 2,717 
 
 2,039 
 
 55,733 
 
 6,235 
 
 29,324 
 
 17,441 
 
 53,000 
 
 1901 
 
 59,803 
 
 43,305 
 
 1,798 
 
 104,906 
 
 7,265 
 
 32,973 
 
 24,462 
 
 64,700 
 
 1902 . . 
 
 60,590 
 
 35,169 
 
 4,327 
 
 100,086 
 
 7,740 
 
 72,464 
 
 15,761 
 
 95,965 
 
 1903 . . 
 
 65,610 
 
 12,161 
 
 2,134 
 
 79,905 
 
 * 7,603 
 
 36,619 
 
 25,871 
 
 70,093 
 
 1904 . . 
 
 62,016 
 
 17,931 
 
 2,008 
 
 81,955 
 
 8,265 
 
 44,053 
 
 28,213 
 
 80,531 
 
 1905 . . 
 
 69,671 
 
 9,116 
 
 18,503 
 
 97,290 
 
 9,059 
 
 45,553 
 
 43,588 
 
 98,200 
 
 1906 . . 
 
 68,511 
 
 5,703 
 
 2,960 
 
 77,174 
 
 8,785 
 
 39,970 
 
 24,422 
 
 73,177 
 
 1907 
 
 64,314 
 
 5,218 
 
 2,672 
 
 72,204 
 
 9,529 
 
 41,986 
 
 24,877 
 
 76,392 
 
 1908 . . 
 
 66,633 
 
 
 18,619 
 
 85,252 
 
 9,215 
 
 50,467 
 
 27,730 
 
 87,412 
 
 1909 . . 
 
 67,395 
 
 18,470 
 
 1,162 
 
 87,027 
 
 9,539 
 
 51,029 
 
 28,543 
 
 89,111 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 71,592 
 
 . 3,282 
 
 1,990 
 
 76,864 
 
 8,732 
 
 35,942 
 
 29,650 
 
 74,324 
 
 1911 
 
 70,458 
 
 42,534 
 
 3,523 
 
 116,515 
 
 10,850 
 
 77,574 
 
 27,383 
 
 115,807 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 83,335 
 
 4,726 
 
 2,871 
 
 90,932 
 
 10,322 
 
 36,500 
 
 40,109 
 
 86,931 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 83,954 
 
 4,437 
 
 2,655 
 
 91,046 
 
 10,638 
 
 33,819 
 
 40,586 
 
 85,043 
 
 1914 . . 
 
 85,481 
 
 25,797 
 
 11,975 
 
 123,253 
 
 11,672 
 
 67,570 
 
 36,898 
 
 116,140 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 88,494 
 
 5,662 
 
 12,372 
 
 106,528 
 
 12,876 
 
 48,404 
 
 39,004 
 
 100,284 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 99,623 
 
 18,389 
 
 2,950 
 
 120,962 
 
 14,385 
 
 81,220 
 
 39,520 
 
 135,125 
 
 1917 
 
 99,140 
 
 31,970 
 
 3,247 
 
 134,357 
 
 14,060 
 
 79,738 
 
 38,956 
 
 132,754 
 
 QUEENSLAND. COUNTRY WATERWORKS. COST OF CONSTRUCTION, 
 LIABILITIES, AND OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1884 TO 1917. 
 
 ASSETS, 
 
 Year. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Works. 
 
 Cost of 
 Construction 
 and Additions. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1884 
 
 6 . 
 
 180,397 
 
 185,708 
 
 168,956 
 
 156,471 
 
 1885 
 
 6 
 
 193;472 
 
 204,485 
 
 186,279 
 
 167,932 
 
 1886 
 
 7 
 
 198,267 
 
 213,188 
 
 189,925 
 
 176,391 
 
 1887 
 
 7 
 
 206,440 
 
 215,721 
 
 276,887 
 
 174,967 
 
 1888 
 
 7 
 
 210,585 
 
 319,627 
 
 291,831 
 
 184,920 
 
 1889 
 
 7 
 
 257,738 
 
 277,510 
 
 244,221 
 
 237,910 
 
 1890 
 
 7 
 
 289,162 
 
 297,711 
 
 261,116 
 
 254,132 
 
 1891 
 
 7 
 
 278,873 
 
 299,848 
 
 282,316 
 
 277,469 
 
 1892 
 
 7 
 
 306,277 
 
 311,933 
 
 287,902 
 
 283,530 
 
 1893 
 
 7 
 
 309,052 
 
 309,158 
 
 289,924 
 
 282,745 
 
 1894 
 
 7 
 
 316,845 
 
 327,739 
 
 294,529 
 
 284,723 
 
 1895 
 
 8 
 
 328,841 
 
 330,352 
 
 295,527 
 
 283,683 
 
 1896 
 
 11 
 
 350,537 
 
 357,542 
 
 306,879 
 
 287,501 
 
 1897 
 
 12 
 
 372,933 
 
 395,573 
 
 321,704 
 
 314,549 
 
 1898 
 
 13 
 
 381,257 
 
 378,170 
 
 326,855 
 
 312,607 
 
 1899 
 
 13 
 
 399,474 
 
 393,152 
 
 321,511 
 
 318,755 
 
 1900 
 
 13 
 
 408,246 
 
 422,354 
 
 342,131 
 
 317,737 
 
 1901 
 
 17 
 
 468,489 ! 469,843 
 
 382,266 
 
 361,772 
 
 1902 
 
 18 
 
 509,225 
 
 487,328 
 
 401,325 
 
 382,615 
 
 1903 
 
 18 
 
 536,785 
 
 480,301 
 
 391,531 
 
 369,981 
 
 1904 
 
 22 
 
 564,314 
 
 506,012 
 
 410,457 
 
 385,786 
 
192 
 
 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. COUNTRY WATERWORKS. COST OF CONSTRUCTION, 
 ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1884 TO 1917 continued. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Works. 
 
 Cost of 
 Construction 
 and Additions. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1905 
 
 22 
 
 575,994 
 
 513,940 
 
 423,870 
 
 369,357 
 
 1906 
 
 22 
 
 595,004 
 
 521,628 
 
 430,845 
 
 389,145 
 
 1907 
 
 22 
 
 616,565 
 
 533,592 
 
 433,737 
 
 319,241 
 
 1908 
 
 22 
 
 642,018 
 
 548,016 
 
 434,788 
 
 354,409 
 
 1909 
 
 23 
 
 667,098 
 
 557,204 
 
 441,264 
 
 394,564 
 
 1910 
 
 23 
 
 681,102 
 
 560,743 
 
 406,554 
 
 382,037 
 
 1911 
 
 25 
 
 719,250 
 
 605,045 
 
 440,729 
 
 363,072 
 
 1912 
 
 28 
 
 747,233 
 
 607,697 
 
 443,824 
 
 369,385 
 
 1913 
 
 28 
 
 760,856 
 
 599,805 
 
 437,689 
 
 359,449 
 
 1914 
 
 28 
 
 809,533 
 
 647,120 
 
 447,219 
 
 375,933 
 
 1915 
 
 28 
 
 834,561 
 
 685,979 
 
 479,935 
 
 378,563 
 
 1916 
 
 28 
 
 873,739 
 
 705,012 
 
 495,048 
 
 398,933 
 
 1917 
 
 29 
 
 939,264 
 
 763,991 
 
 531,204 
 
 438,010 
 
 (D) Irrigation Boards. 
 
 1. Irrigation Act 1891. The Governor could, under the provisions of this Act, consti- 
 tute any defined part of the Colony an Irrigation Area, but only upon the petition of the 
 majority of the owners of irrigable land within the proposed Area, such majority being 
 also the owners of at least half of all the irrigable land which is. not Crown land in the 
 proposed Area. 
 
 The management and control of an Irrigation Area was placed in the hands of an 
 Irrigation Board, constituted in the same manner as, and with the same powers as, a 
 Water Authority (see page 190). 
 
 2. Rights in Water and Water Conservation and Utilization Act 1910. By this Act 
 the preceding Act was repealed, and the Governor could constitute any defined part of 
 Queensland wherein is located (a) a source of supply wherefrom water may be obtained 
 for irrigation, agricultural, or pastoral purposes ; (6) a source of supply which may be 
 utilized for hydraulic power or for the generation or storage of electrical power ; or (c) 
 an artesian well constructed or acquired by the Crown, a Water Supply Area and 
 constitute a Water Supply Board. A Water Supply Board is constituted in the same 
 manner as under the preceding Act, and has the same powers as a Water Authority under 
 the Water Authorities Act 1891. 
 
 4. South Australia. 
 (A) Adelaide Water Supply. 
 
 1. General. The Ordinance of 1840 incorporating the City of Adelaide empowered 
 the Council to carry out such necessary works as digging wells, conduits, and sewers, and 
 that of 1849 re-incorporating the City allowed the Council to make common sewers and 
 waterworks, and to levy water rates. In 1855 the Water Supply and Drainage for 
 Adelaide Act was passed, by which the Governor appointed three Commissioners with power 
 to make surveys for water supply and sewerage, to construct waterworks, lay pipes, and 
 keep a constant supply of water, and to levy an annual construction rate of not more 
 than two shillings in the pound of the assessed annual value, and a supply water rate 
 not exceeding sixpence in the pound. The Colonial Treasurer was authorized to raise 
 a loan of 280,000, and when this loan had been repaid, the undertaking was to be vested 
 in the City Authorities ; this sum was reduced in 1858 to 200,000, and in the same 
 year, under the Adelaide Waterworks Act, the construction of the works was handed 
 over to the Commissioner for Public Works, in whose hands all waterworks have remained 
 up to the present time. 
 
 2. Description of Works. The water supply for Adelaide and suburbs is obtained 
 partly from the catchment areas of the rivers Onkaparinga, Torrens, and Sixth Creek, 
 and partly from springs. There are three storage reservoirs, situated at Happy Valley, 
 Hope Valley, and Thorndon Park, having an aggregate capacity of 3,895,000,000 gallons. 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 193 
 
 The tanks used in connexion with the springs and pumping stations have a further 
 capacity of 4,824,000 gallons. The Millbrook Reservoir, now in course of construction, 
 will have a capacity of 3,647,000,000 gallons and at high-water level be 1,095 feet above 
 datum, as against 423 feet for Thorndon Park, 445 for Hope Valley, and 583 feet for 
 Happy Valley Reservoirs. 
 
 3. Revenue, Working Expenses, &c. The following table shews the capital cost for 
 the years 1876 to 1917, the gross revenue, working expenses, and percentage of net 
 revenue on capital cost for the years 1892 to 1917, and the total consumption of water 
 for the years 1904 to 1917 : 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. ADELAIDE WATER SUPPLY.COST, REVENUE, 
 WORKING EXPENSES, ETC., 1876 TO 1917. 
 
 Year ending 30th 
 June. 
 
 Capital Cost. 
 
 Gross 
 Revenue. 
 
 Working 
 Expenses. 
 
 Percentage 
 of Net 
 Revenue on 
 Capital Cost 
 
 Total 
 Consumption 
 of Water.! 
 
 Length of 
 Mains. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o/ 
 
 /o 
 
 Million of 
 Gallons. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 1876* 
 
 570,825 
 
 
 
 L 
 
 - 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 159 
 
 1877* 
 
 607,620 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 163 
 
 1878* 
 
 620,972 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 
 
 179 
 
 1879* 
 
 659,654 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 212 
 
 1880* 
 
 713,912 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 301 
 
 1881* 
 
 792,936 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 337 
 
 1882* 
 
 827,474 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 363 
 
 1883* 
 
 848,571 
 
 - 
 
 
 t 
 
 
 . . 
 
 388 
 
 1884* 
 
 866,943 
 
 ' 
 
 ' 
 
 ' 
 
 
 . 
 
 . . 
 
 407 
 
 1885* 
 
 883,221 
 
 ' ' 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 420 
 
 1887 
 
 897,742 
 
 ' 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 434 
 
 1888 
 
 903,467 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 438 
 
 1889 
 
 918,121 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 440 
 
 1890 
 
 943,217 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 453 
 
 1891 
 
 958,238 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 458 
 
 1892 
 
 964,314 
 
 60,699 
 
 14,984 
 
 4-74 
 
 
 46,5 
 
 1893 
 
 971,103 
 
 60,810 
 
 15,150 
 
 4-70 
 
 
 471 
 
 1894 
 
 977,162 
 
 62,960 
 
 13,946 
 
 5-02 
 
 
 475 
 
 1895 
 
 984,117 
 
 63,595 
 
 14,176 
 
 5*02 
 
 
 480 
 
 1896 
 
 987,498 
 
 64,791 
 
 13,496 
 
 5-20 
 
 . 
 
 485 
 
 1897 
 
 1,491,276 
 
 66,411 
 
 15,093 
 
 3-44 
 
 . 
 
 516 
 
 1898 
 
 1,535,983 
 
 67,319 
 
 17,278 
 
 3-26 
 
 
 
 541 
 
 1899 
 
 1,581,570 
 
 65,868 
 
 17,194 
 
 3-08 
 
 . . 
 
 578 
 
 1900 
 
 1,608,243 
 
 65,388 
 
 17,657 
 
 2-97 
 
 . . 
 
 592 
 
 1901 
 
 1,621,546 
 
 67,505 
 
 18,427 
 
 3-03 
 
 . . 
 
 609 
 
 1902 
 
 1,630,137 
 
 70,629 
 
 18,789 
 
 3-18 
 
 . . 
 
 619 
 
 1903 
 
 1,645,812 
 
 73,968 
 
 18,838 
 
 3-34 
 
 . . 
 
 634 
 
 1904 
 
 1,652,872 
 
 70,333 
 
 19,257 
 
 3-09 
 
 3,550 
 
 640 
 
 1905 
 
 1,657,806 
 
 72,471 
 
 20,002 
 
 3-17 
 
 3,650 
 
 647 
 
 1906 
 
 1,675,313 
 
 72,976 
 
 22,298 
 
 3-02 
 
 3,550 
 
 656 
 
 1907 
 
 1,693,884 
 
 74,727 
 
 19,703 
 
 3-24 
 
 3,350 
 
 667 
 
 1908 
 
 1,700,800 
 
 76,707 
 
 21,233 
 
 3-26 
 
 4,000 
 
 673 
 
 1909 
 
 1,717,286 
 
 81,412 
 
 20,762 
 
 3-53 
 
 4,000 
 
 684 
 
 1910 
 
 1,802,703 
 
 82,290 
 
 22,709 
 
 3-31 
 
 4,000 
 
 704 
 
 1911 
 
 1,817,753 
 
 89,902 
 
 28,032 
 
 3-40 
 
 4,000 
 
 732 
 
 1912 
 
 1,843,607 
 
 94,281 
 
 26,384 
 
 3-68 
 
 4,600 
 
 763 
 
 1913 
 
 1,883,450 
 
 105,590 
 
 27,982 
 
 4-12 
 
 4,700 
 
 802 
 
 1914 
 
 1,923,798 
 
 113,156 
 
 30,106 
 
 4-32 
 
 5,150 
 
 836 
 
 1915 
 
 1,973,226 
 
 112,082 
 
 36,029 
 
 3'85 
 
 3,467 ' 
 
 859 
 
 1916 
 
 2,003,249 
 
 103,947 
 
 35,412 
 
 3-42 
 
 3,223 
 
 873 
 
 1917 
 
 2,016,051 
 
 118,951 
 
 32,974 
 
 4-26 
 
 4,113 
 
 882 
 
 * Year ending 31st December, 
 t Included with Country Waterworks. 
 
 The details of water consumption refer to the year ending 31st December of the year preceding 
 that stated in column out-. ^ 
 
 C.7099. 7 
 
194 
 
 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 (B) Adelaide Sewerage. 
 
 1. General. Until 1878, when the Adelaide Sewers Act was passed, the control of 
 sewers was in the hands of the Municipal Council, but in that year all existing works 
 were handed over to the Commissioner of Public Works, and since then the Department 
 of Public Works has had sole control of the sewerage system of Adelaide, with power 
 to levy sewerage rates. 
 
 The total length of sewers laid up to the 30th June, 1917, is 351 miles in the Adelaide 
 District, 15 miles in Glenelg, and 39 miles in Port Adelaide and Semaphore, making a 
 total length of 405 miles. The sewage is disposed of on a farm and filter beds. The 
 total capital cost of the Adelaide sewerage works at the 30th June, 1917, was 
 1,246,422. 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following table are given the capital cost, 
 revenue, and expenditure of the Adelaide sewerage system for the years 1884 to 
 1917, the figures for the Glenelg, Mile End, and Port Adelaide drainage areas not being 
 included : 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. ADELAIDE SEWERAGE SYSTEM. CAPITAL COST, REVENUE 
 AND EXPENDITURE, 1884 TO 1917. 
 
 Year 
 ending 
 30th 
 June. 
 
 Capital 
 Cost. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Percentage of 
 Net Revenue 
 to 
 Capital Cost. 
 
 Rates 
 and 
 Interest. 
 
 Sewage 
 Farm. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Main- 
 tenance. 
 
 Sewage 
 Farm 
 Working 
 Expenses. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 % 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 332,529 
 
 11,456 
 
 1,911 
 
 13,367 
 
 1,613 
 
 7,011 
 
 8,624 
 
 1-43 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 347,301 
 
 19,595 
 
 3,134 
 
 22,729 
 
 1,767 
 
 4,145 
 
 5,912 
 
 4-84 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 360,676 
 
 17,426 
 
 2,850 
 
 20,276 
 
 1,880 
 
 3,947 
 
 5,827 
 
 4-01 
 
 1887 . . 
 
 383,329 
 
 14,869 
 
 2,689 
 
 17,558 
 
 2,422 
 
 3,423 
 
 5,845 
 
 3-06 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 394,178 
 
 16,518 
 
 3,659 
 
 20,177 
 
 2,800 
 
 3,758 
 
 6,558 
 
 3-46 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 428,759 
 
 16,012 
 
 3,890 
 
 19,902 
 
 2,282 
 
 4,797 
 
 7,079 
 
 2-99 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 428,594 
 
 16,235 
 
 3,728 
 
 19,963 
 
 1,933 
 
 4,320 
 
 6,253 
 
 3-20 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 446,967 
 
 17,089 
 
 3,261 
 
 20,350 
 
 3,406 
 
 3,221 
 
 6,627 
 
 3-07 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 453,821 
 
 18,217 
 
 4,354 
 
 22,571 
 
 2,693 
 
 3,365 
 
 6,058 
 
 3-64 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 456,793 
 
 18,985 
 
 4,536 
 
 23,521 
 
 3,563 
 
 4,444 
 
 8,007 
 
 3-40 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 460,365 
 
 19,635 
 
 3,866 
 
 23,501 
 
 3,649 
 
 4,016 
 
 7,665 
 
 3-44 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 472,796 
 
 20,189 
 
 3,856 
 
 24,045 
 
 3,661 
 
 3,874 
 
 7,535 
 
 3-49 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 491,109 
 
 20,085 
 
 4,570 
 
 24,655 
 
 3,662 
 
 4,859 
 
 8,521 
 
 3-29 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 509,246 
 
 20,278 
 
 5,218 
 
 25,496 
 
 4,055 
 
 4,328 
 
 8,383 
 
 3-36 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 534,694 
 
 21,351 
 
 4,786 
 
 26,137 
 
 3,974 
 
 4,325 
 
 8,299 
 
 3-34 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 566,978 
 
 22,827 
 
 4,758 
 
 27,585 
 
 3,913 
 
 3,640 
 
 7,553 
 
 3-53 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 580,975 
 
 24,394 
 
 4,998 
 
 29,392 
 
 4,569 
 
 4,038 
 
 8,607 
 
 3-58 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 594,058 
 
 25,926 
 
 5,048 
 
 30,974 
 
 4,810 
 
 4,163 
 
 8,973 
 
 3-69 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 609,496 
 
 27,224 
 
 5,561 
 
 32,785 
 
 5,161 
 
 4,650 
 
 9,811 
 
 3-77 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 615,474 
 
 30,612 
 
 6,428 
 
 37,040 
 
 5,365 
 
 5,432 
 
 10,797 
 
 4-26 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 623,297 
 
 30,923 
 
 6,594 
 
 37,517 
 
 5,466 
 
 5,962 
 
 11,428 
 
 4-19 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 621,986 
 
 31,682 
 
 6,817 
 
 38,499 
 
 5,679 
 
 5,393 
 
 11,072 
 
 4-41 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 622,034 
 
 32,530 
 
 7,006 
 
 39,536 
 
 5,921 
 
 5,901 
 
 11,822 
 
 4-46 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 625,309 
 
 32,381 
 
 6,390 
 
 38,771 
 
 6,285 
 
 5,461 
 
 11,746 
 
 4-32 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 639,699 
 
 32,679 
 
 7,436 
 
 40,115 
 
 6,295 
 
 5,081 
 
 11,376 
 
 4-49 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 656,141 
 
 34,701 
 
 8,284 
 
 42,985 
 
 7,161 
 
 5,917 
 
 13,078 
 
 4-56 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 676,932 
 
 36,322 
 
 7,213 
 
 43,535 
 
 7,184 
 
 6,088 
 
 13,272 
 
 4-41 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 680,761 
 
 37,938 
 
 7,189 
 
 45,127 
 
 8,462 
 
 7,681 
 
 16,143 
 
 4-26 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 695,864 
 
 41,449 
 
 6,934 
 
 48,383 
 
 9,376 
 
 5,039 
 
 14,415 
 
 4-88 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 713,658 
 
 45,373 
 
 8,392 
 
 53,765 
 
 9,803 
 
 6,392 
 
 16,195 
 
 5-01 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 737,433 
 
 49,507 
 
 9,588 
 
 59,095 
 
 10,242 
 
 5,629 
 
 15,871 
 
 5-55 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 756,125 
 
 52,348 
 
 10,040 
 
 62,388 
 
 9,688 
 
 6,948 
 
 16,636 
 
 5-74 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 773,244 
 
 56,606 
 
 21,207 
 
 77,813 
 
 11,410 
 
 14,432 
 
 25,842 
 
 6-39 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 784,329 
 
 57,488 
 
 21,893 
 
 79,381 
 
 11,350 
 
 13,664 
 
 25,014 
 
 6-93 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 195 
 
 (c) Country Waterworks. 
 
 1. General. Practically all the country waterworks have been constructed by the 
 Public Works Department, and are under the control of the Public Works Commissioner. 
 The Water Conservation Act 1886, however, empowers the Governor, on petition of 
 the ratepayers, to proclaim any portion within proclaimed Hundreds to be a Water 
 District, and appoint a Board of five members, of whom three are elected subsequently 
 by the ratepayers. A Board so formed is authorized to borrow from Government, 
 construct waterworks, and levy a rate. Six Water Conservation Districts have been 
 formed, but the works, with the exception of one, which are leased to the District Council, 
 are under departmental management. 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following table are given (a) the capital cost 
 and percentage of net revenue to capital cost for the years 1876 to 1917 ; (6) the gross 
 revenue from 1861 to 1917 ; and (c) the gross expenditure of Country Waterworks from 
 1870 to 1917 : 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. COUNTRY WATERWORKS. CAPITAL COST, REVENUE, 
 AND EXPENDITURE, 1861 TO 1917. 
 
 Year ending 30th June. 
 
 Capital Cost. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Percentage of 
 Net Revenue to 
 Capital Cost. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 % 
 
 1861* 
 
 
 5,700f 
 
 . 
 
 
 1862* 
 
 . . 
 
 14,741f 
 
 . 
 
 
 1863* 
 
 . . 
 
 16,072f 
 
 , 
 
 m 
 
 1864* 
 
 . . 
 
 15,343f 
 
 , 
 
 m 
 
 1865* 
 
 . . 
 
 17,227f 
 
 ; 
 
 m . 
 
 1866* 
 
 . . 
 
 15,002t 
 
 . 
 
 . . 
 
 1867* 
 
 . . 
 
 18,048f 
 
 , 
 
 . 
 
 1868* 
 
 . . 
 
 19,232f 
 
 , 
 
 . . 
 
 1869* 
 
 . . 
 
 23,040| 
 
 , 
 
 . . 
 
 1870* 
 
 . . 
 
 22,059f 
 
 5,684f 
 
 
 1871* 
 
 . . 
 
 23,134f 
 
 5,611f 
 
 
 1872* 
 
 
 22,435f 
 
 5,314f 
 
 
 1873* 
 
 . . 
 
 25,085f 
 
 10,012" 
 
 . . 
 
 1874* 
 
 
 29,868f 
 
 11,065" 
 
 
 1875* 
 
 . . 
 
 30,895f 
 
 18,117" 
 
 
 
 1876* 
 
 51,105 
 
 34,192f 
 
 15,333" 
 
 2 : 76f 
 
 1877* 
 
 53,105 
 
 37,201f 
 
 19,495" 
 
 2'68t 
 
 1878* 
 
 72,143 
 
 41,738f 
 
 23,550f 
 
 2-62t 
 
 1879* 
 
 111,789 
 
 46,825f 
 
 34,7 14f 
 
 l-57t 
 
 1880* 
 
 127,743 
 
 52,664t 
 
 30,267f 
 
 2-66f 
 
 1881* 
 
 151,320 
 
 66,117f 
 
 22,510f 
 
 4-62f 
 
 1882* 
 
 196,659 
 
 55,489| 
 
 23,663t 
 
 3'llf 
 
 1883* 
 
 215,466 
 
 63,612f 
 
 28,439J 
 
 3'31| 
 
 1884* 
 
 235,978 
 
 68,530t 
 
 26,311f 
 
 3'83f 
 
 1885* 
 
 247,638 
 
 70,211f 
 
 26,431f 
 
 3'87f 
 
 1887 
 
 471,020 
 
 68,362J 
 
 24,0381 
 
 3-24J 
 
 1888 
 
 563,367 
 
 67,336J 
 
 26,685J 
 
 2-111 
 
 1889 
 
 614,000 
 
 69,360$ 
 
 32,008 
 
 2-44 
 
 1890 
 
 764,195 
 
 71,343$ 
 
 33,310 
 
 2-23 
 
 1891 
 
 826,688 
 
 73,966J 
 
 32,945 
 
 2-30 
 
 1892 
 
 863,811 
 
 24,152 
 
 9,035 
 
 75 
 
 1893 
 
 912,795 
 
 24,720 
 
 8,355 
 
 79 
 
 1894 
 
 1,097,541 
 
 25,241 
 
 8,239 
 
 55 
 
 1895 
 
 1,132,605 
 
 24,825 
 
 7,505 
 
 53 
 
 1896 
 
 1,177,508 
 
 27,890 
 
 8,583 
 
 64 
 
 1897 
 
 1,202,220 
 
 29,425 
 
 9,673 
 
 1-64 
 
 * Year ending 31st December, 
 t Including Adelaide. 
 
 j Year ending 31st December of previous year, including Adelaide. 
 
 Year ending 31st December of previous year, including Adelaide, Engineer-in-Chief, and Water 
 Conservation. 
 
196 
 
 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. COUNTRY WATERWORKS. CAPITAL COST, REVENUE, 
 AND EXPENDITURE, 1861 TO 1911 continued. 
 
 Year ending 30th June. 
 
 Capital Cost. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 "Expenditure. 
 
 Percentage of 
 Net Revenue to 
 Capital Cost. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o/ 
 
 /o 
 
 1898 
 
 1,227,622 
 
 38,485 
 
 11,088 
 
 2-23 
 
 1899 
 
 1,329,420 
 
 25,382 
 
 12,930 
 
 0-94 
 
 1900 
 
 1,339,803 
 
 29,128 
 
 16,517 
 
 0-94 
 
 1901 
 
 1,357,576 
 
 30,351 
 
 12,745 
 
 30 
 
 1902 
 
 1,374,332 
 
 36,019 
 
 12,464 
 
 71 
 
 1903 
 
 2,042,477 
 
 38,438 
 
 12,410 
 
 27 
 
 1904 
 
 2,153,970 
 
 36,381 
 
 12,250 
 
 12 
 
 1905 
 
 2,194,408 
 
 44,007 
 
 22,499 
 
 98 
 
 1906 
 
 2,253,194 
 
 44,620 
 
 19,872 
 
 10 
 
 1907 
 
 2,321,763 
 
 46,522 
 
 15,881 
 
 32 
 
 1908 
 
 2,394,662 
 
 56,318 
 
 18,948 
 
 56 
 
 1909 
 
 2,493,808 
 
 58,480 
 
 18,180 
 
 62 
 
 1910 
 
 2,622,917 
 
 62,170 
 
 16,761 
 
 73 
 
 1911 
 
 2,729,974 
 
 63,309 
 
 18,678 
 
 1-63 
 
 1912 
 
 2,828,197 
 
 72,060 
 
 20,970 
 
 1-81 
 
 1913 
 
 2,979,955 
 
 77,726 . 
 
 24,716 
 
 1-44 
 
 1914 
 
 3,193,373 
 
 81,180 
 
 27,573 
 
 1-68 
 
 1915 
 
 3,336,015 
 
 81,884 
 
 29,488 
 
 1-57 
 
 1916 
 
 3,410,605 
 
 86,881 
 
 31,375 
 
 1-60 
 
 1917 
 
 3,390,551 
 
 94,108 
 
 29,169 
 
 1-92 
 
 (D) Drainage Boards. 
 
 1. General. In order to undertake the drainage of the South-Eastern portion of the 
 State, the South-Eastern Drainage Act was passed in 1875. The drainage of that area 
 was placed under the Commissioner for Public Works, and Drainage Districts were 
 constituted. Each of these Districts was placed under the jurisdiction of a Board of 
 from five to seven members appointed by the Governor. In 1877, however, an alteration 
 was made by which certain public drains could be declared main drains and be maintained 
 by the Commissioner, while other public drains were to be maintained by Boards com- 
 prising five members elected by the ratepayers. These Boards had the same powers as 
 District Councils, and were not only entitled to vote for the election of the members of 
 the Local Board of Main Roads in the Victoria District, but also to have under their 
 control the public roads in any Township within the Drainage Board District. The 
 Act of 1878 consolidated and repealed the Acts of 1875 and 1877, but made no substantial 
 alterations. Existing Boards remained, and further ones might be proclaimed by the 
 Governor, who appointed the first members. The method of election, qualification, 
 and duties of the members of a Drainage Board were the same as those of the Councillors 
 of a District Council. All district roads, as well as roads and streets in townships or 
 villages dedicated to the public within a Drainage District, were placed under the care 
 and control of the Drainage Board, which had the right to one vote for each person 
 nominated as member of a Local Board of Main Roads, with an additional vote if the 
 rateable value was over 10,000. 
 
 In 1887 Drainage Boards included within the area of a District Council were merged 
 in such Councils, and in 1895 all Drainage Boards were abolished and their rights and 
 powers vested in District Councils, while main drains were still left in the hands of the 
 Commissioner of Public Works. In 1900 the South-Eastern Drainage Act was passed, 
 enabling the majority of land-holders in a district representing three-fourths of the 
 value to request the Commissioner to make a drain, under which circumstances the cost 
 was apportioned among the land-holders, and repayable within 42 years ; but this Act 
 was amended in 1908 when the system of management by a Board was re-introduced. 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 197 
 
 The South -Eastern Drainage Management Board constituted under this Act consisted 
 of five members, one appointed by the Governor, and four by resident land-holders, one 
 for each of the Wards into which the District is divided ; of these members two retire 
 every three years. As far as the South-Eastern Drainage is concerned, this Board had 
 the same powers and duties as a District Council, as well as the control and management 
 of all drains, and could also borrow money. An Assessment Board was also appointed, 
 consisting of the Surveyor-General, the Superintending Surveyor, a member of the Land 
 Board appointed by the Governor, and two members elected by land-holders for a 
 period of six years. A scheme of works was prepared to be constructed by the Com- 
 missioner of Public Works at a cost not exceeding 300,000, of which one-half was deemed 
 to be an advance to land-holders. The consent of land-holders to this scheme had to be 
 obtained at a poll, at which plural voting was allowed ; the maximum number of votes 
 admissible being six. Provision was made that when the scheme was completed it was 
 to be placed under the care and control of the Drainage Authority. 
 
 In 1917 the South-Eastern Drainage Management Board was replaced by the South- 
 Eastern Drainage Assessment Board. This Board consists of seven members, and 
 includes the Engineer-in-Chief , the Surveyor-General, an officer of the public service 
 appointed by the Governor, and four residents of the South-east. For the purpose of 
 electing the local members the South-east is divided into four Wards, each Ward being 
 represented by one member. Up to the 30th June, 1917, the total expenditure on con- 
 struction of the South-Eastern Drainage Works was 691,835. 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following table shews the annual assessed value, 
 the revenue, and the expenditure of Drainage Boards from 1879 to 1887 : 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 DRAINAGE BOARDS. ANNUAL VALUE, REVENUE, AND 
 EXPENDITURE, 1879 TO 1887. 
 
 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 /Year 
 ending 
 
 QA+lt 
 
 Number 
 of 
 
 Assessed 
 Annual 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 outll 
 
 June. 
 
 Boards. 
 
 Value. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Rates. 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 1 ; 11,302 
 
 478 
 
 211 
 
 1,855 
 
 2,544 
 
 252 
 
 2,083 
 
 163 
 
 2,498 
 
 1880* . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 i 
 
 11,048 
 
 508 
 
 926 
 
 356 
 
 1,790 
 
 293 
 
 1,323 
 
 iio 
 
 1,756 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 1 
 
 10,060 
 
 523 
 
 657 
 
 147 
 
 1,327 
 
 287 
 
 872 
 
 181 
 
 1,340 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 1 9,108 
 
 435 
 
 560 
 
 300 
 
 1,295 
 
 233 
 
 981 
 
 82 
 
 1,296 
 
 1884 . . 
 
 1 9,155 
 
 486 
 
 650 
 
 413 
 
 1,549 
 
 307 
 
 1,035 
 
 227 
 
 1,569 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 2 
 
 11,513 
 
 534 
 
 1,322 
 
 1,417 
 
 3,273 
 
 463 
 
 1,760 
 
 1,065 
 
 3,288 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 3 
 
 17,327 
 
 751 
 
 1,909 
 
 2,479 
 
 5,139 
 
 631 
 
 2,513 
 
 1,993 
 
 5,137 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 3 
 
 18,406 
 
 818 
 
 1,704 
 
 1,527 
 
 4,049 
 
 573 
 
 1,315 
 
 2,204 
 
 4,092 
 
 * Xot available. 
 
 (E) Irrigation Trusts. 
 
 1. General. Under the Water Conservation Act 1886 the Board of a proclaimed 
 Water District was empowered to construct specific waterworks for irrigation or other 
 purposes (see p. 195). The Reclaimed Swamp Lands Trusts Act 1906 dealt with 
 Irrigation Areas, but was superseded by the Irrigation and Reclaimed Lands Act 
 1908 which, in turn, was repealed by an Act of the same name in 1914. 
 
198 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 In 1887 an agreement was made with the ChafEey Brothers regarding the Renmark 
 Irrigation Settlement, which was at first managed by them, and in 1893 handed over to 
 a Trust. 
 
 2. Reclaimed Swamp Lands Trusts Act 1906. Upon the petition of a majority of 
 the lessees, the Governor could proclaim an Irrigation Area under the superintendence 
 of a Board of five members. The first Board was appointed by the Governor for a 
 period of twelve months, after the expiration of which time one member was still 
 appointed by the Governor, while the other four were elected by the ratepayers. A 
 Board had the power to erect buildings, construct drains, &c., also to levy rates and 
 raise loans, at the same time imposing special loan rates ; it also had the powers of a 
 District Council. 
 
 f 
 
 3. Irrigation and Reclaimed Lands Act 1908. This Act repealed the Reclaimed 
 Swamp Lands Trusts Act 1906, and empowered the Commissioner of Crown Lands to 
 reclaim and improve any swamp lands whether or not included in any Irrigation Area. 
 The Governor could proclaim an Irrigation Area which, until the constitution of a Board, 
 was managed by the Commissioner of Crown Lands. When leases had been granted of 
 not less than two-thirds of the blocks in any Irrigation Area the Governor could constitute 
 a Board to have the control and management of the area. This Board consisted of five 
 members, appointed by the Governor, to hold office for the first twelve months. At the 
 expiration of such twelve months one member, who was a Government officer, 
 was appointed by the Governor to be Chairman, and the other members were to be 
 ratepayers elected by the ratepayers. One-half of the elected members retired annually. 
 All existing works and lands were vested in the Board, which has also power to manage 
 and control the works, make drains, erect buildings, levy rates, raise loans, equip 
 factories, buy and sell the produce of the irrigation area, and have all the powers of a 
 District Council. In the following year the exercise of the powers of a District Council 
 was withdrawn from an Irrigation Board, the property of a Local Authority restored, 
 and its rights re -adjusted. 
 
 In 1910 an amendment to the Act prohibited the constitution of a Board for any 
 Irrigation Area in which water for the purposes of irrigation was supplied by means of 
 pumping or other plant erected by the Commissioner. 
 
 4. Irrigation and Reclaimed Lands Act 1914. This Act is a consolidation of the 
 foregoing Act and its amendments, which are repealed ; but the provisions of the former 
 Act as amended from time to time are practically unchanged. Slight amendments were 
 made in 1917. 
 
 5. Renmark Irrigation Trusts. As already stated the Irrigation settlement at Ren- 
 mark was at first managed by the Chaffey Brothers, but on the passing of the Renmark 
 Irrigation Trusts Act 1893 the Renmark Irrigation Trust No. 1 was constituted. 
 The Governor was also empowered to create any part of the irrigation area a 
 District, and to constitute a Trust for the same. Except in the case of the 
 Renmark Irrigation Trust No. 1, the first members of a Trust are appointed by the 
 Governor. 
 
 Every Trust consists of seven members, and every ratepayer, male or female, of full 
 age, holding not less than 10 acres of rateable land in the District, is qualified to be a 
 member. One-half, or if the number be uneven, a majority of the members retire 
 annually. A Trust is empowered to supply water, acquire the rights granted to the 
 Chaffey Brothers, and exercise the powers vested in it by the Act, also to levy general 
 and special rates. 
 
 In 1914 a Board, called the Renmark Allotment Board, was constituted, consisting 
 of three members, of whom two are ratepayers nominated by the Trust, and one a 
 member of the Land Board, nominated by the Governor. The duties of this Board are 
 (a) to fix the purchase price or annual rental of land ; (b) to accept or reject applications 
 for land ; (c) to require the personal attendance of applicants, objectors, and witnesses ; 
 and (d) to deal with all other matters referred to it by the Trust. 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE 199 
 
 % * 
 
 5. Western Australia. 
 (A) Legislation. 
 
 1. General. Various Acts have been passed from time to time regulating the con- 
 struction and maintenance of waterworks and drainage systems. In 1912 all the systems 
 were placed under the control of the Minister of Water Supply, Sewerage, and Drainage. 
 The following is a brief resume of the more important Acts relating to water supply passed 
 l>y the Western Australian Parliament : 
 
 -. Waterworks Act 1889. This Act empowered Municipal Councils to construct 
 waterworks or to contract for a water supply, and to levy a water rate not exceeding 
 one shilling in the pound on the net annual value of rateable property. 
 
 3. Metropolitan Waterworks Act 1896. Under this Act the waterworks supplying 
 the City of Perth, previously worked by a private company, were purchased by the 
 Colonial Treasurer and handed over to the Municipal Council, on the payment of 
 220,000. The works were vested in a Board of four members, of whom three were 
 appointed by the Governor, the other member being the Mayor of Perth. The powers 
 of the Council under the Waterworks Act 1889 were transferred to this Board, which 
 was authorized to borrow up to 350,000. In 1898 the borrowing powers were increased 
 to 400,000, and in 1899 the Board was empowered to strike a rate not exceeding one 
 shilling in the pound on all property within 180 feet of a pipe-line, and to exercise the 
 powers of a Local Board of Health over the catchment area. In 1902 the borrowing of 
 an additional amount of 20,000 was authorized. 
 
 4. Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Act 1904. This Act abolished the Metropolitan 
 Waterworks Board, and transferred all waterworks vested in that Board and those within 
 the area under control of the Minister for Works to a new Board, called the Metropolitan 
 Board of Water Supply and Sewerage, consisting of three members appointed by the 
 Governor. Water reserves and catchment areas, as denned by the Governor, were 
 placed under the control of this .Board, which could take alienated lands under the Public 
 Works Act 1902, and exercise the powers of a Local Board of Health. The Minister of 
 Works could construct works and transfer them to the Board on payment of their cost, 
 or the Board could construct, maintain, and extend water and sewerage works. Water 
 rates could be levied on all rateable land within 60 yards of a main pipe, and sewerage 
 rates on rateable land within 220 yards of any sewer. Rates could not exceed one shilling 
 in the pound on the annual or twopence in the pound on the unimproved value. In the 
 same year the Governor was empowered to appoint the Minister of Works to exercise the 
 functions of the Board. 
 
 5. Metropolitan Water Supply, Sewerage, and Drainage Act 1909. This Act came 
 into operation in 1910, and repealed the former Act. The area embraced under this 
 Act was divided into four Districts, Perth, Fremantle, Claremont, and Guildford ; and 
 the Governor was authorized to divide it also into Storm- water Districts. A special 
 Minister for Water Supply, Sewerage, and Drainage was appointed to be a member of 
 the Executive Council and have control of ail works within the area. Water rates were 
 not to exceed one shilling in the pound on the annual or twopence on the unimproved 
 value, while the maximum amounts of sewerage and storm-water rates together were 
 fixed at one shilling and sixpence on the annual or threepence on the unimproved capital 
 value. 
 
 6. Coolgardie Goldfields Water Supply Loan Act 1896. This Act authorized the 
 borrowing of 2,500,000 for the purpose of constructing the Coolgardie Goldfields Water 
 Supply scheme. 
 
 7. Goldfields Water Supply Construction Act 1898. This Act authorized the Director 
 of Public Works to construct the Coolgardie Water Supply Scheme, to take lands under 
 the Land Resumption Act, and to have the powers of a Local Board of Health. All 
 unalienated lands within the catchment area were vested in him 
 
 8. Goldfields Water Supply Act 1902. Under this Act the Governor was authorized 
 to appoint a Board of two members, one of whom was to be an engineer ; the Minister 
 for Works to be Chairman. All the waterworks constructed under the Goldfields Water 
 Supply Construction Act were vested in this Board, which could either levy water rates 
 not exceeding two shillings in the pound on the annual value or sell water by meter. 
 
200 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 % 
 
 An amendment to this Act gave the Board power to supply country lands situated 
 within 10 chains of the pipe line, and to levy a fixed sum not exceeding 5, and a rate up 
 to fivepence per acre. Such rating, however, must not be made on the annual value. The 
 owners or occupiers had to supply tanks and appliances. 
 
 9. Water Boards Act 1904. This Act empowered the Governor to constitute Water 
 Areas. For each area a Board was created, either by appointing the Local Authority 
 as Board, or by the election of members by the Local Authorities within the area or by 
 the appointment of members by the Governor, or by the two latter methods together. 
 Any adult male rateable person was qualified to be a member. The Governor could 
 temporarily or permanently vest in the Board any water reserve or catchment area or 
 any waterworks or reservoir begun, constructed, or provided for out of moneys appro- 
 priated by Parliament. The Board had the powers of a Local Board of Health for the 
 prevention of the pollution of the water supply. It could also construct works itself 
 or the Minister of Works could construct works and hand them over to the Board on 
 payment of their cost. Rates not exceeding two shillings in the pound on the annual 
 value could be levied on all land within 100 yards of a main pipe. 
 
 10. Land Drainage Act 1900. On the petition of a majority of ratepayers in a District 
 the Governor could declare a Drainage District. A Board of six members nominated 
 by the ratepayers was constituted for each District, two members retiring annually. A 
 Board could apply to the Minister of Works for the construction of drainage works, which 
 were carried out by the Director of Public Works, and, when completed, handed over to 
 the Board, which maintains them. A Board could levy a rate which was to be applied 
 in the first instance to the payment of the interest and sinking fund on loans, and then 
 to the maintenance of the works. 
 
 11. Water Supply, Sewerage, and Drainage Act 1912. Under this Act a Department of 
 Water Supply, Sewerage, and Drainage was constituted, with a Minister, who succeeded 
 the Minister mentioned in 5 hereinbefore. The administration of all laws under the 
 Water Supply Act 1893, the Metropolitan Water Supply and Drainage Act 1909, the Land 
 Drainage Act 1900, the Goldfields Water Supply Act 1902, and the Water Boards Act 1904 
 were vested in the Minister, unless and until such administration is vested in a Board, and 
 on the dissolution of any Board ; power being given to the Governor in 1913 to dissolve 
 Boards. 
 
 (B) Metropolitan Water Supply. 
 
 1. Sources of Supply. The supply of water for the Districts of Perth, Fremantle, 
 Claremont, and Armadale is derived from six sources (a) the Victoria Reservoir, 
 (6) the Bickley Brook Reservoir, (c) the Mundaring Reservoir, (d) Narrogin Brook, 
 (e) Walter's Brook, and (/) artesian bores, of which the following are the more important : 
 
 (i) The Victoria Reservoir. This is the main source of supply. The Reservoir has a 
 capacity of 220,000,000 gallons, and a catchment area of 10,000 acres on the Darling 
 Ranges. The water gravitates to Perth through two mains, which are respectively 
 21 and 12 inches in diameter and 15| and 17 miles in length. There are three service 
 reservoirs, holding respectively 2,413,000, 10,000,000, and 900,000 gallons. The quantity 
 of water drawn from this reservoir during the year ending 30th June, 1918, was 
 516,253,000 gallons. 
 
 (ii) The Mundaring Reservoir. This Reservoir was constructed primarily for the 
 Goldfields Water Supply Scheme, has a catchment area of 569 square miles, and a capacity 
 of 4,650,000,000 gallons. It is used as an emergency supply for the Metropolitan District, 
 and is connected therewith by an 8-in. main. During the year ending 30th June, 1918, 
 the amount of water drawn from this source for Perth was 168,548,000 gallons. 
 
 (iii) The Bickley Brook Reservoir. This is supplementary to the Victoria Reservoir, 
 being connected to it by an 8-in. pipe. It has a catchment area of 1,780 acres, and in 
 1918 the amount of water supplied therefrom was 285,870,000 gallons. 
 
 (iv) "Artesian Bores. There are in all six artesian bores, the flow from which augments 
 the main supply from the Victoria Reservoir. The supply for the year ending 30th June, 
 1918, was 892,054,000 gallons. 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 201 
 
 2. Consumption of Water, &c. The following table shews the average daily supply, 
 the total annual supply, and the average daily supply per house and per head of 
 population during each financial year from 1901 to 1918 inclusive : 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLY. CONSUMPTION OF 
 WATER, 1901 TO 1918. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Average 
 
 
 Average Daily Supply. 
 
 Total Annual Supply. 
 
 
 
 Daily 
 
 Year 
 
 ending 
 
 
 
 Number 
 of 
 
 Estimated 
 
 Supply. 
 
 30th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Houses 
 
 Populat ion 
 
 
 
 June. 
 
 From 
 Reser- 
 
 From 
 
 Total. 
 
 From 
 Reser- 
 
 From 
 
 Total. 
 
 supplied. 
 
 Supplied. 
 
 jl 
 
 gl 
 
 
 voirs. 
 
 Bores. 
 
 
 voirs. 
 
 Bores. 
 
 
 
 
 w 
 
 H 
 
 
 ,000 gal. 
 
 ,000 gal. 
 
 ,000 gal. 
 
 ,000 gal. 
 
 ,000 gal. 
 
 ,000 gal. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 gal. 
 
 gal. 
 
 1901 
 
 1,041 
 
 443 
 
 1,484 
 
 380,003 
 
 161,589 
 
 541,592 
 
 6,182 
 
 32,000 
 
 240 
 
 45-2 
 
 1902 
 
 917 
 
 461 
 
 1,378 
 
 334,752 
 
 168,439 
 
 503,191 
 
 7,043 
 
 35,000 
 
 195 
 
 39-3 
 
 1903 
 
 557 
 
 1,004 
 
 1,561 
 
 203,517 
 
 366,504 
 
 570,021 
 
 8,108 
 
 38,350 
 
 192 
 
 40-7 
 
 1904 
 
 ,193 
 
 728 
 
 1,921 
 
 436,657 
 
 264,566 
 
 701,223 
 
 9,104 
 
 41,000 
 
 211 
 
 46-8 
 
 1905 
 
 ,319 
 
 752 
 
 2,071 
 
 481,528 
 
 274,327 
 
 755,855 
 
 10,105 
 
 45,000 
 
 204 
 
 46-1 
 
 1906 
 
 ,513 
 
 792 
 
 2,305 
 
 552,373 
 
 288,812 
 
 841,185 
 
 10,882 
 
 48,000 
 
 212 
 
 48-0 
 
 1907 
 
 ,388 
 
 987 
 
 2,375 
 
 506,751 
 
 359,797 
 
 866,548 
 
 12,164 
 
 52,000 
 
 195 
 
 45-6 
 
 1908 
 
 ,536 
 
 601 
 
 2,137 
 
 562,316 
 
 219,718 
 
 782,034 
 
 13,156 
 
 52,000 
 
 162 
 
 41-9 
 
 1909 
 
 957 
 
 1,835 
 
 2,792 
 
 349,467 
 
 669,954 
 
 1,019,421 
 
 19,653 
 
 80,000 
 
 142 
 
 34-9 
 
 1910 
 
 ,076 
 
 1,810 
 
 2,886 
 
 392,715 
 
 660,523 
 
 1,053,238 
 
 20,337 
 
 83,000 
 
 142 
 
 34-8 
 
 1911 
 
 ,135 
 
 2,062 
 
 3,197 
 
 414,512 
 
 752,546 
 
 1,167,058 
 
 21,267 
 
 88,250 
 
 150 
 
 36-2 
 
 1912 
 
 996 
 
 2,330 
 
 3,326 
 
 364,428 
 
 852,718 
 
 1,217,146 
 
 22,655 
 
 91,500 
 
 147 
 
 36-3 
 
 1913 
 
 ,285 
 
 2,482 
 
 3,767 
 
 469,211 
 
 905,960 
 
 1,375,171 
 
 24,150 
 
 100,000 
 
 156 
 
 37-7 
 
 1914 
 
 ,954 
 
 2,805 
 
 4,759 
 
 713,368 
 
 1,023,726 
 
 1,737,094 
 
 28,391 
 
 120,000 
 
 168 
 
 39-7 
 
 1915 
 
 ,200 
 
 3,721 
 
 4,921 
 
 437,818 
 
 1,358,199 
 
 1,796,017 
 
 29,803 
 
 127,300 
 
 165 
 
 38-7 
 
 1916 
 
 2,465 
 
 2,609 
 
 5,074 
 
 897,331 
 
 955,075 
 
 1,852,406 
 
 30,865 
 
 129,600 
 
 164 
 
 39-2 
 
 1917 
 
 1,959 
 
 3,179 
 
 5,138 
 
 714,914 
 
 1,160,464 
 
 1,875,378 
 
 31,797 
 
 133,555 
 
 162 
 
 38-5 
 
 1918 
 
 2,689 
 
 2,444 
 
 5,133 
 
 981,625 
 
 892,054 
 
 1,873,679 
 
 32,498 
 
 136,428 
 
 158 
 
 37-6 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following table shews the capital cost of the 
 Metropolitan Water Supply and the revenue and expenditure thereof from 1901 to 1918 : 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLY. COST, REVENUE, 
 EXPENDITURE, ETC., 1901 TO 1918. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Interest 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ratio of 
 
 earned by 
 
 Year ending 
 30th June. 
 
 Capital Cost 
 of 
 Works. 
 
 Deprecia- 
 tion. 
 
 Net 
 Capital 
 Cost. 
 
 Gross 
 Revenue. 
 
 Cost of 
 Maintenance 
 and 
 
 Working 
 Expenses 
 to 
 
 Net 
 Revenue 
 on Net 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Management. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Capital 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cost. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 1901 . . 
 
 386,414 
 
 
 386,414 
 
 27,249 
 
 8,021 
 
 29-44 
 
 4-97 
 
 1902 . . 
 
 395,764 
 
 
 395,764 
 
 32,676 
 
 13,059 
 
 39-97 
 
 4-96 
 
 1903 . . 
 
 408,681 
 
 
 408,681 
 
 34,164 
 
 18,536 
 
 54-26 
 
 3-82 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 413,764 
 
 
 413,764 
 
 36,517 
 
 14,674 
 
 40-18 
 
 5-28 
 
 1905 . . 
 
 418,479 
 
 
 418,479 
 
 42,177 
 
 14,561 
 
 34-52 
 
 6-60 
 
 1906 . . 
 
 440,125 
 
 6,165 
 
 433,960 
 
 43,571 
 
 12,989 
 
 29-81 
 
 7-05 
 
 1907 
 
 486,857 
 
 15,915 
 
 470,942 
 
 45,848 
 
 14,923 
 
 32-55 
 
 6-57 
 
 1908 
 
 503,581 
 
 25,463 
 
 478,118 
 
 46,300 
 
 12,685 
 
 27-40 
 
 7-03 
 
 1909 . . 
 
 524,022 
 
 34,468 
 
 489,554 
 
 45,711 
 
 14,162 
 
 31-98 
 
 6-44 
 
 1910 . . 
 
 628,757 
 
 44,415 
 
 584,342 
 
 60,249 
 
 20,862 
 
 34-62 
 
 6-74 
 
 1911 
 
 645,023 
 
 92,351 
 
 552,672 
 
 61,723 
 
 22,081 
 
 35-77 
 
 6-15 
 
 1912 
 
 701,852 
 
 107,388 
 
 594,464 
 
 66,892 
 
 25,082 
 
 37-49 
 
 5-95 
 
 1913 
 
 768,068 
 
 135,912 
 
 632,156 
 
 74,600 
 
 25,479 
 
 34-14 
 
 7.77 
 
 1914 . . 
 
 892,434 
 
 167,326 
 
 725,108 
 
 89,115 
 
 31,483 
 
 35-33 
 
 7-95 
 
 1915 
 
 964,670 
 
 183,910 
 
 780,760 
 
 100,158 
 
 33,581 
 
 33-53 
 
 8-53 
 
 1916 
 
 997,650 
 
 201,834 
 
 795,816 
 
 103,788 
 
 37,987 
 
 36-60 
 
 8-27 
 
 1917 
 
 1,019,388 
 
 
 
 95,451 i 36,075 
 
 37-79 
 
 . 
 
 1918 . . 
 
 1,057,444 
 
 
 
 
 
 91,380 
 
 34,670 
 
 37-94 
 
 
 
202 
 
 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE 
 
 (c) Metropolitan Sewerage. 
 
 1. General. The control of the sewerage of Perth and Fremantle, which was formerly 
 under the management of the Metropolitan Board of Water Supply and Sewerage, was 
 transferred in 1910, together with the water supply, to the Water Supply, Sewerage, and 
 Drainage Department. Both sewerage and storm-water drainage systems have been 
 adopted separately for Perth and Fremantle, the treatment of sewerage being based on 
 the septic system. 
 
 2. Perth Sewerage. A system of main and other sewers leads the sewerage to septic 
 tanks of reinforced concrete on the side of a hill on the southern slopes of what is known 
 as the old Claise Brook. The effluent is passed under the Swan River through a syphon, 
 to filter beds on Burswood Island. 
 
 3. Fremantle Sewerage. The septic tanks have been built not far from Robb's Jetty, 
 and the effluent is discharged into the sea. 
 
 4. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following table shows the capital cost, number of 
 tenements connected, income, and expenditure of the Sewerage and Storm-water Drainage 
 Sections of the Metropolitan Water Supply, Sewerage, and Drainage Undertaking for the 
 years 1912 to 1918 : 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. METROPOLITAN SEWERAGE. CAPITAL COST, NUMBER 
 OF TENEMENTS CONNECTED, REVENUE, AND EXPENDITURE, 1912 TO 1918. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year ending 30th 
 June. 
 
 Capital 
 Cost. 
 
 Tenements 
 connected. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Operating 
 Expenses. 
 
 Interest I 
 and Sinking Total. 
 Fund. ; 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 582,628 
 
 1,227 
 
 6,640 
 
 1,770 
 
 
 1,770 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 671,986 
 
 3,859 
 
 18,266 
 
 3,751 
 
 31,596 
 
 35,347 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 i 749,074 
 
 7,912 
 
 29,512 
 
 7,029 
 
 35,837 
 
 42,866 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 819,345 
 
 10,893 
 
 41,488 
 
 9,192 
 
 39,911 
 
 49,103 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 875,089 
 
 
 44,667 
 
 11,940 
 
 43,631 
 
 55,571 
 
 1917 
 
 903,826 
 
 
 52.539 
 
 15,253 
 
 46,087 
 
 61,340 
 
 1918 .. 
 
 935,595 
 
 
 53,259 
 
 14,156 
 
 47,422 
 
 61,578 
 
 (D) Water Supplies for Country Towns. 
 
 1. General. The following nine towns are provided with water supplies which are 
 controlled entirely by the Department of Water Supply, Sewerage, and Drainage, viz., 
 Collie, Cue, Day Dawn, Derby, Geraldton, Leonora, Meekatharra, Menzies, Ora Banda, 
 andPingelly. In addition, there are waterworks in the towns of Albany, Bunbury, 
 Busselton, Wagin, Carnarvon, Roebourne, Port Hedland, and Broome controlled either 
 by a Local Water Board or by a Local Authority, and in Marble Bar, Derby, and 
 Wyndham by the Department. 
 
 There are also, under the control of the Department, several smaller water supply 
 systems, wayside watering stations, tanks and wells, and minor concerns generally which 
 yield some revenue, but are for the most part operated as necessary public services 
 without expectation of the revenue therefrom sufficing to meet the full annual charges. 
 For the financial year to the end of 30th June, 1916, the total capital cost of these under- 
 takings, where practicable to determine, was 1,006,967, the revenue for the year 6,294, 
 and the expenditure 14,018, leaving a deficit of 8,180. 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 203 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following table are shewn the capital cost, 
 revenue, and expenditure of the water supply systems of the nine towns mentioned above 
 for the years 1913 to 1916 : 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. WATER SUPPLY IN NINE COUNTRY TOWNS. CAPITAL 
 COST, REVENUE, AND EXPENDITURE, 1913 TO 1916. 
 
 Year ending 30th June 
 
 Number of 
 Towns. 
 
 Capital Cost. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 1913 
 1914 .. 
 1915 .. 
 1916 
 
 No. 
 5 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 
 
 91,631 
 214,713 
 228,312 
 232,020 
 
 
 11,386 
 23,940 
 26,846 
 
 28,482 
 
 
 13,148 
 25,697 
 29,933 
 32,256 
 
 () Goldfields Water Supply. 
 
 1. Description of Waterworks. The construction of the waterworks supplying the 
 Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie goldfields was commenced in April, 1898, authority having 
 been obtained in 1896 for the borrowing of 2,500,000 for the purpose. 
 
 The source of supply is in the Mundaring Reservoir, situated in the Helena Valley, 
 about 25 miles east of Perth. A concrete wall impounds the water from a catchment 
 area of 569 square miles, and the reservoir has a capacity of 4,650,000,000 gallons. 
 
 From this reservoir water is pumped 307 miles through a 30-in. steel main by a series 
 of eight pumping stations to a concrete tank at Bulla Bulling, with a capacity of 12,000,000 
 gallons, at a height of 1,290 feet above No. 1 Pumping Station. From Bulla Bulling the 
 water gravitates to Coolgardie, 21 miles, thence to Kalgoorlie, a further distance of 
 23 miles. The total length of the 30-in. main is 351 miles. 
 
 In addition to supplying goldfields townships adjacent to Kalgoorlie, a large number 
 of townships and agricultural districts within reasonable distance of the main pipe line 
 are also supplied with water for domestic and agricultural purposes. The works, as far 
 as Kalgoorlie, were completed by the end of 1902, and water reached that town in 
 January, 1903. 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following table are given the capital cost, 
 consumption of water, revenue, and expenditure of the goldfields water supply for the 
 years 1904 to 1918 : 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. GOLDFIELDS WATER SUPPLY. CONSUMPTION OF 
 WATER, COST OF CONSTRUCTION, REVENUE, AND EXPENDITURE, 1904 TO 
 1918. 
 
 Year ending 30th June. 
 
 Consumption of 
 Water. 
 
 Capital Cost.* 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 
 ,000 gallons. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1904 
 
 361,096 
 
 2,679,544 
 
 104,161 
 
 . . 
 
 1905 
 
 510,267 
 
 2,728,006 
 
 141,067 
 
 
 1906 
 
 600,158 
 
 2,895,100 
 
 159,425 
 
 . . 
 
 1907 
 
 688,548 
 
 3,206,161 
 
 167,146 
 
 , 
 
 1908 ... 
 
 837,296 
 
 3,232,554 
 
 172,550 
 
 
 1909 
 
 969,546 
 
 3,233,321 
 
 183,200 
 
 , 
 
 1910 
 
 ,001,700 
 
 3,241,260 
 
 221,406 
 
 . . 
 
 1911 
 
 ,058,900 
 
 3,280,803 
 
 237,668 
 
 . . 
 
 1912 
 
 ,134,800 
 
 3,348,011 
 
 243,521 
 
 . 
 
 1913 
 
 ,204,757 
 
 3,373,168 
 
 254,920 
 
 286,872 
 
 1914 
 
 ,194,591 
 
 3,368,071 
 
 255,076 
 
 302,031 
 
 1915 
 
 ,226,494 
 
 3,379,241 
 
 242,984 
 
 285,265 
 
 1916 
 
 ,197,858 
 
 3,388,901 
 
 238,024 
 
 289,203 
 
 1917 
 
 1,060,890 
 
 3,392,138 
 
 214,839 
 
 290,882 
 
 1918 
 
 1,044,000 
 
 3,393,522 
 
 199,302 
 
 283,547 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1904 to 1912, years ending 31st December, 
 
204 
 
 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 (F) Mines Water Supplies. 
 
 1. General. At the present time the water stations under the control of the Depart- 
 ment of Water Supply, Sewerage, and Drainage number about 1,400, and are spread over 
 an area of nearly 500,000 square miles. The principal works carried out by the Depart- 
 ment are as follows : (a) providing domestic supplies of water for mining towns, also 
 for battery and general mining purposes ; (6) opening up the very remote portions of 
 the State by means of tracks, of which there are about 4,000 miles ; (c) sinking wells 
 and bore wells, and testing the country by means of boring to locate water ; (d) diamond 
 drilling for the purpose of testing the country for minerals ; and (e) opening up stock 
 routes with wells sunk at easy stages. Tanks, dams, and reservoirs have been made on 
 the goldfields for the conservation of surface water, their total storage capacity being 
 over 200,000,000 gallons, and their cost over 400,000 ; and more than 3,000 miles of 
 stock routes have been opened up. 
 
 (a) Water Supplies in Agricultural Areas. 
 
 1. General. For providing settlers with water a large number of tanks have been 
 excavated and wells sunk by Government where suitable water had been proved by 
 boring. At the 30th June, 1918, 2,512 bores had been put down, fresh water being 
 obtained in 427, and stock water in 219, the others being either salt or dry. The number 
 of tanks excavated to the same date was 340, with capacity of over one hundred million 
 gallons, and the number of wells 286, the estimated capacity of which is over 51,000,000 
 gallons. 
 
 (H) Land Drainage. 
 
 1. General. Under the Land Drainage Act 1900 the drainage undertakings ad- 
 ministered by the Department of Water Supply, Sewerage, and Drainage are those for 
 the districts of East Jandakot and Torbay-Grassmere. Smaller undertakings controlled 
 by Boards under the same Act include those at Lennox, Korijek, Njookenbooroo, 
 Sterling, and Wangong. 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following table are given particulars as to the 
 capital cost, revenue, and expenditure of the East Jandakot and Torbay-Grassmere 
 Drainage Undertakings for the years 1914 to 1916 : 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. EAST JANDAKOT AND TORBAY-GRASSMERE 
 DRAINAGE. CAPITAL COST, REVENUE, AND EXPENDITURE, 1914 TO 1916. 
 
 Year ending 30th June. 
 
 Capital Cost. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 5,644 
 
 421 
 
 371 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 5,805 
 
 526 
 
 510 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 5,805 
 
 359 
 
 261 
 
 6. Tasmania. 
 
 (A) Introductory. 
 
 1. General. Although Local Authorities were authorized to provide .for* a water 
 supply within their respective Districts, practically every waterworks has been con- 
 structed under the authority of a separate Act for each Town or District. On the passing 
 of the Local Government Act 1906 many of these waterworks, which were being 
 managed by Trusts elected by the ratepayers, were handed over to Municipal 
 Councils and vested in them, as well as those formerly controlled by Town Boards or 
 Rural Municipalities. 
 
 00 Hobart Water Supply. 
 
 1. Pure Water for Hobart Town Act 1835. This is the first Act which makes any 
 reference to a water supply for Hobart Town, and it vests all property in water-courses 
 and the Hobart Town Rivulet in the Crown, the owners to be indemnified. 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 205 
 
 2. Hobart Town Water Act 1848. The Director of Waterworks was authorized to 
 open up streets, to lay service pipes to houses, and to supply water where mains were 
 laid at a charge not exceeding twopence per one hundred gallons. The charge for 
 supplying ships was fixed at either one halfpenny per ton register or twopence per one 
 hundred gallons at the option of the master. 
 
 3. Hobart Town Rivulet Improvement Act 1854. The Hobart Town Rivulet was 
 vested in the Mayor and Aldermen so far as it lay within the Municipality. The section 
 of the Act of 1846 declaring Hobart Town Creek to be a sewer was repealed, but not- 
 withstanding the repeal, it might still be used as a sewer. The Council was authorized 
 to widen the Rivulet, purchase land, &c. 
 
 4. Hobart Town Water Act (No. 3) 1858. The Municipal Council was empowered to 
 classify houses and charge a fixed sum for water, ranging from 1 to 5 10s. per annum. 
 The charge for a supply from fountains was fixed at fourpence per hundred gallons, 
 while shipping was charged one shilling for every tun of 250 gallons. 
 
 5. Hobart Town Water Act 1860. This Act repealed the former Acts, and was to 
 be executed by the Municipal Council. All rights vested in the Crown were transferred 
 to the Council, which could purchase land, construct waterworks, supply water at the 
 request of an owner, if his property was within 50 feet of a water main, erect fountains and 
 borrow money. Three kinds of rates could be levied (a) a domestic water rate on 
 occupiers of all dwelling-houses in the City, not exceeding 5 per cent, on the annual 
 value ; (&) a public water rate on all owners of houses and lands, to be one-fourth of 
 the amount of the domestic rate, but if the property was unoccupied this rate was only 
 to be levied on quarter of the annual value ; and (c) a general suburban rate on all 
 occupiers of dwelling-houses in the suburbs. Domestic and suburban rates were not to 
 be levied unless the properties were actually supplied with water or were within 50 feet 
 of a main. The property of Government used for public purposes, hospitals, and 
 benevolent asylums, and buildings used for charitable purposes were exempted from 
 rating. 
 
 In 1877 the Council was authorized to supply water by meter at one shilling per 
 1,000 gallons. The method of rating was changed ; the domestic rate being fixed at 
 fifteen shillings for an annual value up to 10, above this up to 40 at one shilling and 
 sixpence in the pound, and at one shilling in the pound over 40. The warehouse rate 
 was for over 12 up to 30 annual value sixpence in the pound, over 30 up to 100 
 threepence, and over 100 twopence. 
 
 In 1891 the maximum suburban rate was fixed at one shilling and sixpence in the 
 pound on the annual value. 
 
 6. Hobart Water Act 1893. This is a consolidating Act, repeals the former Water 
 Acts, and re-enacts most of the provisions contained therein. The waterworks remain 
 in the hands of the Municipal Council. 
 
 The sources of supply are defined as portions of the Wellington Rivulet and Fern 
 Tree Creek flowing from Mount Wellington, towards the New Huon-road, which flow on 
 the north-western side of that road, and all streams flowing from Mount Wellington 
 towards the direct Huon Road from Hobart to Leslie within a radius of 100 chains 
 around St. Crispin's well, excepting Fall's Creek. 
 
 Water may be supplied by meter at a charge not exceeding one shilling per 1,000 
 gallons. The domestic water rate was fixed at a maximum of fifteen shillings on an 
 annual value not exceeding 10, of one shilling and sixpence in the pound on over 1Q 
 and up to 40, and of an additional shilling for every pound over 40. The suburban 
 and warehouse rates were for an annual value not exceeding 12 six shillings, over 12 
 and not exceeding 30 sixpence, with an additional threepence for from 30 to 100, 
 and twopence over 100. 
 
 In 1900 the rates were altered, the maximum sum of twenty shillings being levied 
 for the domestic rate on properties valued at up to 10, one shilling and ninepence in 
 the pound if valued at over 10 and under 40, and one shilling and threepence on every 
 1 over 40 in addition ; while the warehouse rate was raised to a maximum of twelve 
 shillings on a value up to 12, of ninepence in the pound on over 12 up to 30, with an 
 additional sixpence in every 1 over 30 up to 100, and threepence on over 100. 
 Minimum charges were fixed. 
 
 An amendment passed in 1907 allowed the maximum warehouse rate to be exceeded 
 
206 
 
 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 7. Description of Works. The present source of supply is from streams flowing from 
 Mount Wellington, where a storage reservoir containing 45,000,000 gallons has been 
 constructed. The catchment area comprises 4,200 acres, the sources of supply 
 having been extended at various times as far as the North- West Bay River, 15 miles 
 from Hobart. There are three storage reservoirs about 3 miles from the City. One 
 contains 68,000,000 gallons, and is 502 feet above sea-level ; the second contains 
 45,000,000 gallons, and is 447 feet above sea-level ; and the third, recently completed, 
 holds 207,000,000 gallons. The whole of the supply is by gravitation. The water is 
 brought by means of stone aqueducts and cast-iron pipes to the reservoirs, and conveyed 
 thence by four 10-in. cast-iron mains, of which three lead to the distributing reservoirs 
 and one direct to the shipping and southern portion of the City. 
 
 8. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following table are given (a) the cost of 
 construction from 1877 to 1916 ; (6) the number of assessments and annual value from 
 1894 to 1916 ; (c) the estimated number of persons served from 1902 to 1916 ; (d) the 
 revenue and expenditure from 1860 to 1916 ; and (e) the outstanding loans from 1894 
 to 1916 of the Hobart Waterworks* 
 
 The revenue and expenditure given herewith are included also in the abstracts of 
 revenue and expenditure of the City of Hobart (see page 140) : 
 
 TASMANIA. HOBART 
 
 WATERWORKS. REVENUE 
 1860 TO 1916. 
 
 AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 Year. 
 
 Cost of 
 Waterworks. 
 
 Number of 
 Assessments. 
 
 Annual 
 Value. 
 
 Estimated 
 Number of 
 Persons 
 served. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure 
 
 Outstand- 
 ing Loans. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1860 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 3,389 
 
 4,273 
 
 1 t 
 
 1861 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 33,452 
 
 25,040 
 
 . . 
 
 1862 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 18,779 
 
 27,005 
 
 
 1863 
 
 . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 12,713 
 
 11,676 
 
 
 1864 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 8,713 
 
 13,043 
 
 
 1865 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 4,915 
 
 5,712 
 
 . f 
 
 1866 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 5,528 
 
 7,266 
 
 . . 
 
 1867 
 
 
 
 
 
 8,136 
 
 6,087 
 
 
 1868 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 12,560 
 
 8,020 
 
 
 1869 
 
 
 . . 
 
 ... 
 
 . . 
 
 6,033 
 
 5,626 
 
 . 
 
 1870 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 5,990 
 
 5,525 
 
 . . 
 
 1871 
 
 , . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 5,668 
 
 6,395 
 
 . . 
 
 1872 
 
 
 
 
 
 6,149 
 
 7,558 
 
 . . 
 
 1873 
 
 
 
 
 
 8,890 
 
 7,794 
 
 . 
 
 1874 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 8,438 
 
 9,272 
 
 . . 
 
 1875 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 6,618 
 
 6,358 
 
 . . 
 
 1876 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 6,366 
 
 6,551 
 
 . . 
 
 1877 
 
 70,000 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 7,797 . 
 
 6,724 
 
 
 1878 
 
 70,000 
 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 8,211 
 
 9,481 
 
 . 
 
 1879 
 
 70,000 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 8,276 
 
 7,946 
 
 . . 
 
 1880 
 
 70,000 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . , 
 
 8,397 
 
 6,844 
 
 
 1881 
 
 85,622 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 8,791 
 
 8,915 
 
 . . 
 
 1882 
 
 94,432 
 
 
 
 
 8,577 
 
 9,505 
 
 
 1883 
 
 98,308 
 
 ^ t 
 
 . f 
 
 . . 
 
 8,880 
 
 11,188 
 
 . . 
 
 1884 
 
 99,019 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 11,223 
 
 11,215 
 
 . . 
 
 1885 
 
 99,019 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 11,729 
 
 8,839 
 
 . . 
 
 1886 
 
 111,742 
 
 
 
 
 11,924 
 
 11,002 
 
 . 
 
 1887 
 
 115,298 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 . . 
 
 12,413 
 
 13,211 
 
 . . 
 
 1888 
 
 134,242 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 12,866 
 
 12,310 
 
 . . 
 
 1889 
 
 134,243 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 13,172 
 
 13,813 
 
 
 1890 
 
 139,949 
 
 
 
 
 13,053 
 
 13,287 
 
 . . 
 
 1891 
 
 139,949 
 
 . 
 
 . f 
 
 . . 
 
 13,898 
 
 11,402 
 
 . . 
 
 1892 
 
 153,890 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 12,396 
 
 12,217 
 
 
 1893 
 
 153,890 
 
 
 
 
 12,302 
 
 14,337 
 
 . . 
 
 1894 
 
 159,044 
 
 6,717 
 
 229,751 
 
 
 12,383 
 
 14,503 
 
 160,000 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 207 
 
 TASMANIA. HOBART WATERWORKS. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1860 TO 1916 continued. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Cost of 
 Waterworks. 
 
 Number of 
 Assessments. 
 
 Annual 
 Value. 
 
 Estimated 
 Number of 
 Persons 
 served. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Outstand- 
 ing Loans. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1895 
 
 162,739 
 
 6,842 
 
 224,328 
 
 
 12,251 
 
 11,808 
 
 160,000 
 
 1896 
 
 163,877 
 
 6,869 
 
 224,328 
 
 , 
 
 14,593 
 
 14,056 
 
 160,000 
 
 1897 
 
 163,877 
 
 6,911 
 
 222,685 
 
 . 
 
 13,867 
 
 13,031 
 
 160,000 
 
 1898 
 
 163,877 
 
 6,917 
 
 222,371 
 
 . 
 
 14,752 
 
 15,303 
 
 160,000 
 
 1899 
 
 163,877 
 
 6,751 
 
 209,697 
 
 . 
 
 15,935 
 
 15,439 
 
 159,500 
 
 1900 
 
 169,872 
 
 6,795 
 
 203,565 
 
 . . 
 
 16,139 
 
 17,772 
 
 162,600 
 
 1901 
 
 182,074 
 
 6,856 
 
 205,725 
 
 . . 
 
 18,806 
 
 20,161 
 
 178,400 
 
 1902 
 
 182,074 
 
 7,909 
 
 207,451 
 
 30,038 
 
 19,091 , 16,126 
 
 173,250 
 
 1903 
 
 182,300 
 
 6,766 
 
 230,000 
 
 30,038 
 
 18,862 
 
 16,624 
 
 169,000 
 
 1904 
 
 182,300 
 
 7,066 
 
 230,000 
 
 30,038 
 
 20,200 
 
 15,667 
 
 165,100 
 
 1905 
 
 182,456 
 
 7,159 
 
 231,363 
 
 32,500 
 
 20,127 
 
 16,576 
 
 162,000 
 
 1906 
 
 185,853 
 
 7,311 
 
 233,300 
 
 33,000 
 
 19,125 
 
 15,817 
 
 160,400 
 
 1907 
 
 186,692 
 
 7,494 
 
 244,500 
 
 33,000 
 
 21,802 
 
 17,785 
 
 160,750 
 
 1908 
 
 192,911 
 
 6,843 
 
 255,400 
 
 33,000 
 
 19,719 
 
 22,901 
 
 162,000 
 
 1909 
 
 202,699 
 
 8,003 
 
 262,039 
 
 35,000 
 
 20,091 
 
 24,729 
 
 167,175 
 
 1910 
 
 208,198 
 
 8,197 
 
 268,915 
 
 35,000 
 
 20,643 
 
 22,292 
 
 159,175 
 
 1911 
 
 218,123 
 
 8,317 
 
 276,896 
 
 35,000 
 
 31,207 
 
 20,341 
 
 172,175 
 
 1912 
 
 228,230 
 
 8,342 
 
 288,725 
 
 35,000 
 
 23,858 
 
 20,584 
 
 182,175 
 
 1913 
 
 235,450 
 
 8,786 
 
 303,536 
 
 35,000 
 
 21,982 
 
 21,336 
 
 188,175 
 
 1914 
 
 243,926 
 
 6,726 
 
 350,536 
 
 35,000 
 
 22,191 
 
 24,550 
 
 203,175 
 
 1915 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 23.382 
 
 26,471 
 
 
 1916 
 
 319,837 
 
 8,840 
 
 393,234 
 
 35,000 
 
 24,801 
 
 27,686 
 
 286,405 
 
 (c) Hobart Sewerage. 
 
 1. General. Prior to 1890 the Sewerage of Hobart was controlled by the City Council, 
 but in 1891 it was handed over to the Metropolitan Drainage Board, and in 1913 transferred 
 back to the City Council. 
 
 2. Metropolitan Drainage Act 1891. This Act was to apply to Hobart, Glenorchy, 
 Glebe Town, Mount Stuart, and six Road Districts. The Metropolitan Drainage Board 
 was formed of twenty-one members, five of whom were to be nominated by the Governor, 
 and of these one must be a Responsible Minister of the Crown, and be Chairman. These 
 five remained members during the pleasure of the Governor. Fourteen of the other 
 members were to hold office for three years, and were elected by the various Local Boards 
 of Health from among the members thereof ; that of Hobart electing five, and those of 
 the other nine Local Authorities electing one each. The Mayor of Hobart and the Officer 
 of Health were ex officio members. The Board had power to take over and manage the 
 sewerage of Hobart and adjacent Districts, the boundaries of which area were defined in 
 a schedule to the Act. Each Local Authority was to pay a proportionate amount of 
 the expenses, based on the rateable value of the property therein, but not exceeding 
 the sum realized by a rate of twopence in the pound on the yearly rateable value. Each 
 Local Authority was authorized to levy a special rate. 
 
 In the following year the constitution of the Board was altered, the number of 
 members being reduced to twenty, and instead of one member being elected by each of 
 two Towns and six Road Boards eight were elected, one each by four Towns and three 
 by three Road Boards, and one by the Rural Municipality of Glenorchy. It was no 
 longer necessary for one of the Government members to be a Minister of the Crown, but 
 the Governor still appointed the Chairman. The boundaries of the drainage area were 
 redefined. 
 
 3. Metropolitan Drainage Act 1898. All the property and rights of the foregoing 
 Board passed to a new Board constituted under this Act. This Board consisted of five 
 members appointed by the Governor, the Mayor and Officer of Health of Hobart as 
 ex officio members, three members elected by the Local Boards of Health of the Towns 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 of Glebe Town, Mount Stuart, and New Town, each appointing one, and two similarly 
 elected by the Trustees of the Lisle and Wellesley Road Districts. Any elected member 
 automatically went out of office on ceasing to be a member of the Local Board that 
 elected him. The members of the Board elected their Chairman for a period of three 
 years. The boundaries of the Metropolitan Drainage Area were denned. All sewers 
 and drains within the area, except those made for irrigation purposes and for drainage 
 of roads, were vested in the Board. The general expenses of the Board were paid by 
 the various Local Authorities in proportion to their rateable value ; while special 
 expenses were a separate charge on special drainage districts. The total rate which a 
 Local Authority could levy for general and special purposes was sevenpence in the 
 pound on the rateable value ; if no service were provided no rate could be made and 
 public property was to be rated. 
 
 In 1903 an amendment to the Act provided that owners must sewer their property 
 when called upon to do so, and sewerage works were made exempt from rates and taxes. 
 
 4. Hobart Sewerage Act 1912. On the first of January, 1913, all lands and sewerage 
 works vested in the Metropolitan Drainage Board were transferred to the Council of 
 City of Hobart and the Board dissolved. As regards the suburban drainage area the 
 Council was authorized to contract with a suburban Council for the construction and 
 maintenance of a system of sewerage within the suburban Municipality. The maximum 
 sewerage rate which could be levied was one shilling in the pound on the rateable value, 
 with a minimum payment of twelve shillings. 
 
 5. Description of Sewerage Works. The sewage is discharged into an estuary of the 
 River Derwent, and up to the end of 1915 about 72 miles of sewers had been constructed. 
 The scheme is intended to sewer over 2,000 acres so as to serve an estimated population 
 of about 80,000 people, and arrangements are being made to extend the system to the 
 suburb of Queensborough, which was incorporated with the City of Hobart in 1913. 
 
 6. Revenue, &c. Prior to the Corporation taking over the Sewerage Works in 
 1913, the figures relating to the tenements connected, cost of construction, and revenue 
 are not available, except for the years 1907, 1909, 1911, and 1912 ; these are given, 
 together with those for the years 1913 to 1915, in the following table : 
 
 TASMANIA. HOBART SEWERAGE. COST OF CONSTRUCTION, ETC., 1907 TO 1915. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Cost of 
 Construction. 
 
 Tenements 
 connected. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Cost of 
 Construction. 
 
 Tenements 
 connected. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 1907 . . 
 
 100,000 
 
 1,809 
 
 3,107 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 188,235 
 
 6,751 
 
 12,662 
 
 1909 . . 
 
 129,000 
 
 3,948 
 
 6,245 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 190,000 
 
 6,865 
 
 11,395 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 174,760 
 
 6,089 
 
 9,180 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 191,000 
 
 6,926 
 
 11,614 
 
 1912 . . 
 
 183,370 
 
 - 6,560 
 
 10,284 
 
 
 
 
 
 (D) Launceston Water Supply. 
 
 1. Launceston Water Supply Act 1852. Under this Act the control of the water 
 supply for Launceston was vested in the Mayor and Aldermen, who were empowered 
 to divert the waters of the South Esk River and other streams, and to borrow money 
 for the construction of waterworks. Maximum charges for water were fixed for domestic 
 supply at either 5 per cent, of the annual value or twopence per 100 gallons, and for 
 shipping at either one halfpenny per ton register or twopence per 100 gallons at the 
 option of the master. 
 
 In 1858 the charge for shipping was altered to one shilling per },000 gallons, and in 
 1861 the maximum domestic rate on the annual value was increased to 6 per cent. 
 
 2. Launceston Water Act 1878. Under this Act the Council could charge, within 
 the Town, a maximum rate of 7 per cent, of the capital value, but if a property was not 
 supplied with water or within 50 feet of a main, only one-fourth of the rate was to be 
 levied. In suburbs the charges were to be fixed by agreement. 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 209 
 
 In the following year provision was made for a suburban rate not exceeding 7 per 
 cent, of the annual value. 
 
 In 1887 the Council was authorized to divert the South Esk River, and to erect 
 waterworks for working machinery for generating electricity, as well as for the domestic 
 supply of water. 
 
 3. Launceston Water and Light Act 1895. This Act repealed all the existing Water 
 and Electric Light Acts for the City of Launceston, but re-enacted most of the pro- 
 visions contained therein. 
 
 The Council was empowered to divert the Saint Patrick's River, to divert from the 
 South Esk River, at a point not exceeding 5 miles from the South Esk Bridge, not 
 exceeding two-thirds of the volume of water flowing therein, to erect waterworks for 
 supplying the City and Port of Launceston with water, and to work machinery for 
 generating electricity for lighting or motive power. 
 
 The Council must connect any house within the City with a main, provided that 
 they are not more than 50 feet apart, and may, if practicable, supply places beyond the 
 City. It must furnish electricity for providing light within the City on demand, and 
 may supply beyond the City. 
 
 An annual water rate not exceeding one shilling and threepence in the pound of 
 annual value was to be struck, but only one-fourth was chargeable if the premises 
 were not supplied with water on or within 50 feet of a main. 
 
 The lighting rate was not to exceed tenpence in the pound on the annual value. 
 
 Suburban Water Rates could be levied, but not exceeding two shillings in the pound 
 of annual value, and then only if the property were either connected with or within 
 100 yards of a main. 
 
 4. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following table gives (a) the cost of construction 
 from 1882 to 1916 ; (&) the number of assessments and annual value from 1894 to 1916 ; 
 (c) the estimated number of perons served from 1902 to 1916 ; (d) the revenue and 
 expenditure from 1859 to 1916 ; and (e) the outstanding loans from 1877 to 1916 of the 
 Launceston Water Supply. The revenue and expenditure are also included in the tables, 
 shewing the revenue and expenditure for the City of Launceston (see page 145) : 
 
 TASMANIA. CITY OF LAUNCESTON WATERWORKS. REVENUE, 
 EXPENDITURE, ETC., 1859 TO 1916. 
 
 Year ending 
 31st December. 
 
 Cost of 
 Construc- 
 tion. 
 
 Number of 
 Assess- 
 ments. 
 
 Annual 
 Value. 
 
 Estimated 
 Number 
 of 
 Persons 
 served. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expendi- 
 ture. 
 
 Out- 
 standing 
 Loans. 
 
 
 
 
 Xo. 
 
 
 
 Xo. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1859 
 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 5,891 
 
 7,676 
 
 . . 
 
 1860 
 
 
 
 
 
 17,951 
 
 16,284 
 
 . . 
 
 1861 
 
 
 
 
 
 8,179 
 
 8,635 
 
 . . 
 
 1862 
 
 
 
 
 
 8,666 
 
 8,538 
 
 . . 
 
 1863 
 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 8,364 
 
 9,036 
 
 . . 
 
 1864 
 
 
 
 
 
 4,077 
 
 3,930 
 
 . 
 
 1865 
 
 " 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 3,758 
 
 3,631 
 
 . . 
 
 1866 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 3,829 
 
 3,663 
 
 
 1867 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 3,769 
 
 3,792 
 
 
 1868 
 
 
 
 
 
 4,149 
 
 3,788 
 
 , . 
 
 1869 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
 
 3,982 
 
 3,986 
 
 
 1870 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 4,151 
 
 4,251 
 
 
 1871 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . 
 
 4,031 
 
 4,024 
 
 
 1872 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 3,986 
 
 3,900 
 
 
 1873 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 3,949 
 
 3,847 
 
 
 1874 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 7,046 
 
 6,718 
 
 
 1875 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 4,161 
 
 4,257 
 
 
 1876 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 16,995 
 
 14,076 
 
 
 1877 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 11,537 
 
 11,552 
 
 59,440 
 
 1878 
 
 
 . . 
 
 v . 
 
 . . 
 
 5,643 
 
 7,757 
 
 59,440 
 
 1879 
 
 
 
 
 
 6,104 
 
 6,999 
 
 59,440 
 
210 
 
 WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 TASMANIA. CITY OF LAUNCESTON WATERWORKS. REVENUE, 
 EXPENDITURE, ETC., 1859 TO 1916 continued. 
 
 Year ending 
 31st 
 December. 
 
 Cost of 
 Construc- 
 tion. 
 
 Number of 
 
 Assess- 
 ments. 
 
 Annual 
 Value. 
 
 Estimated 
 Number 
 of 
 Persons 
 served. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expendi- 
 ture. 
 
 Out- 
 standing 
 Loans. 
 
 
 
 
 No, 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1880 
 
 
 
 
 
 6,244 
 
 6,635 
 
 59,440 
 
 1881 
 
 
 
 
 
 6,611 
 
 6,932 
 
 59,440 
 
 1882 
 
 65,000 
 
 
 
 
 7,450 
 
 11,062 
 
 59,440 
 
 1883 
 
 65,000 
 
 
 
 
 7,650 
 
 8,067 
 
 59,440 
 
 1884 
 
 66,000 
 
 
 
 
 13,193 
 
 12,588 
 
 64,440 
 
 1885 
 
 66,800 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 9,260 
 
 7,748 
 
 64,440 
 
 1886 
 
 67,536 
 
 
 
 
 9,341 
 
 7,465 
 
 64,440 
 
 1887 
 
 68,243 
 
 
 
 
 11,401 
 
 10,376 
 
 64,440 
 
 1888 
 
 68,701 
 
 
 
 
 12,009 
 
 6,843 
 
 64,440 
 
 1889 
 
 69,184 
 
 
 
 
 12,816 
 
 9,423 
 
 64,440 
 
 1890 
 
 76,519 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 12,769 
 
 12,708 
 
 64,440 
 
 1891 
 
 77,594 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 13,305 
 
 9,816 
 
 64,440 
 
 1892 
 
 79,047 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 13,001 
 
 14,685 
 
 64,440 
 
 1893 
 
 79,782 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 13,025 
 
 10,011 
 
 64,440 
 
 1894 
 
 83,658 
 
 4,760 
 
 149,360 
 
 
 10,649 
 
 11,744 
 
 64,440 
 
 1895 
 
 84,061 
 
 3,833 
 
 143,107 
 
 . . 
 
 8,728 
 
 13,112 
 
 64,440 
 
 1896 
 
 84,119 
 
 4,279 
 
 126,000 
 
 . . 
 
 7,938 
 
 13,920 
 
 64,440 
 
 1897 
 
 84,119 
 
 4,775 
 
 138,595 
 
 . . 
 
 6,836 
 
 7,381 
 
 64,440 
 
 1898 
 
 100,000 
 
 4,000 
 
 125,498 
 
 
 7,775 
 
 7,446 
 
 64,440 
 
 1899 
 
 100,000 
 
 4,766 
 
 138,117 
 
 
 7,012 
 
 7,131 
 
 64,440 
 
 1900 
 
 100,000 
 
 3,948 
 
 126,470 
 
 
 9,798 
 
 8,257 
 
 64,440 
 
 1901 
 
 100,000 
 
 3,920 
 
 126,000 
 
 . . 
 
 7,946 
 
 8,747 
 
 64,440 
 
 1902 
 
 100,000 
 
 4,000 
 
 131,000 
 
 20,200 
 
 8,525 
 
 8,339 
 
 64,440 
 
 1903 
 
 100,000 
 
 4,800 
 
 130,000 
 
 23,000 
 
 8,837 
 
 8,604 
 
 64,440 
 
 1904 
 
 103,254 
 
 4,101 
 
 153,016 
 
 21,200 
 
 10,497 
 
 10,993 
 
 64,440 
 
 1905 
 
 104,037 
 
 4,786 
 
 155,502 
 
 23,000 
 
 9,713 
 
 9,854 
 
 64,440 
 
 1906 
 
 103,400 
 
 4,910 
 
 160,000 
 
 22,500 
 
 11,892 
 
 8,241 
 
 64,440 
 
 1907 
 
 108,797 
 
 5,028 
 
 165,649 
 
 24,500 
 
 16,839 
 
 21,229 
 
 64,440 
 
 1908 
 
 108,797 
 
 5,077 
 
 169,170 
 
 25,000 
 
 11,253 
 
 10,484 
 
 64,440 
 
 1910* 
 
 111,422 
 
 5,199 
 
 173,547 
 
 26,000 
 
 11,976 
 
 10,974 
 
 69,890 
 
 1911t 
 
 111,422 
 
 5,239 
 
 175,723 
 
 26,000 
 
 11,810 
 
 10,739 
 
 70,740 
 
 1912f 
 
 111,699 
 
 5,321 
 
 178,570 
 
 26,000 
 
 11,522 
 
 10,675 
 
 73,252 
 
 1913f 
 
 119,460 
 
 5,374 
 
 181,219 
 
 26,000 
 
 10,551 
 
 11,549 
 
 68,432 
 
 19141 
 
 119,460 
 
 5,463 
 
 184,868 
 
 26,000 
 
 13,277 
 
 9,184 
 
 73,251 
 
 1915J 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 12,733 
 
 10,784 
 
 . . 
 
 1916J 
 
 121,677 
 
 5,252 
 
 193,801 
 
 28,000 
 
 
 
 85,327 
 
 * Year 1st August, 1909, to 31st July, 1910. 
 t Year ending 31st July. 
 t Year ending 30th June. 
 
 (E) Launceston Sewerage. 
 
 1. General. The Sewerage of the City of Launceston was vested in the Council 
 under the various Acts of Incorporation. All sewerage works have been constructed 
 by the Council by means of loans, which were authorized from time to time by special 
 Acts. The only Act referring to Launceston Sewerage, apart from loan Acts, was passed 
 in 1914, and gave the Council power to intercept sewers and discharge sewerage into the 
 River Tamar, and to levy a sewerage rate not exceeding one shilling in the pound on the 
 rateable value. 
 
 2. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The revenue and expenditure of the Launceston 
 Sewerage works are included in the figures given fo^r the City of Launceston (see page 145). 
 At the 30th June, 1915, the total expenditure on the construction of these works was 
 87,993. 
 
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE. 
 
 211 
 
 (F) Waterworks in Country Towns. 
 
 1. General. A large number of Acts of Parliaments have been passed authorizing 
 the construction of waterworks in different Districts from time to time. With the 
 exception of the New Norfolk waterworks, which were constructed by Government, 
 and managed first by the Town Surveyor, then by Commissioners, and then handed 
 over to the Municipality, the majority of these waterworks were constructed and 
 managed generally by Trustees elected by the ratepayers. In 1908 sixteen of these 
 Trusts were transferred to the control of Municipalities or Joint Municipalities, and in 
 
 1915 there were only six such Trusts remaining. 
 
 2. Revenue,^Expenditure, &c. In the following table are shewn (a) the revenue 
 and expenditure from 1883 to 1916 ; and (6) the outstanding loans from 1893 to 
 
 1916 of these Water Trusts : 
 
 TASMANIA. WATER TRUSTS. REVENUE, EXPENDITURE, AND OUTSTANDING 
 
 LOANS, 1883 TO 1916. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Trusts. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expendi- 
 ture. 
 
 Out- 
 standing 
 Loans. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 Trusts. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expendi- 
 ture. 
 
 Out- 
 standing 
 Loans. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1883 
 
 1 
 
 9,738 
 
 7,643 
 
 
 1900 
 
 14 
 
 7,376 
 
 6,200 
 
 33,200 
 
 1884 
 
 1 
 
 928 
 
 1,162 
 
 
 1901 
 
 14 
 
 5,700 
 
 5,456 
 
 31,900 
 
 1885 
 
 1 
 
 1,349 
 
 575 
 
 
 1902 
 
 15 
 
 11,984 
 
 12,297 
 
 38,200 
 
 1886 
 
 1 
 
 1,586 
 
 1,837 
 
 
 1903 
 
 16 
 
 12,524 
 
 13,666 
 
 42,200 
 
 1887 
 
 1 
 
 865 
 
 695 
 
 
 1904 
 
 18 
 
 15,545 
 
 14,575 
 
 46,300 
 
 1888 
 
 2 
 
 760 
 
 648 
 
 
 1905 
 
 20 
 
 12,848 
 
 13,895 
 
 48,950 
 
 1889 
 
 2 
 
 743 
 
 943 
 
 
 1906 
 
 23 
 
 17,136 
 
 14,100 
 
 57,850 
 
 1890 
 
 2 
 
 867 
 
 586 
 
 
 1907 
 
 25 
 
 18,066 
 
 19,872 
 
 62,650 
 
 1891 
 
 2 
 
 858 
 
 968 
 
 
 1908 
 
 9 
 
 2,281 
 
 2,334 
 
 27,050 
 
 1892 
 
 7 
 
 7,227 
 
 9,947 
 
 
 1909 
 
 7 
 
 2,325 
 
 1,923 
 
 10,300 
 
 1893 
 
 8 
 
 33,282 
 
 29,085 
 
 42,550 
 
 1910 
 
 7 
 
 2,267 
 
 2,874 
 
 9,000 
 
 1894 
 
 8 
 
 11,695 
 
 11,413 
 
 50,550 
 
 1911 
 
 7 
 
 2,272 
 
 1,834 
 
 3,600 
 
 1895 
 
 9 
 
 5,295 
 
 5,688 
 
 51,850 
 
 1912 
 
 9 
 
 2,805 
 
 2,065 
 
 4,900 
 
 1896 
 
 12 
 
 4,692 
 
 4,427 
 
 52,550 
 
 1913 
 
 8 
 
 1,239 
 
 1,558 
 
 4,900 
 
 1897 
 
 12 
 
 4,616 
 
 4,786 
 
 51,700 
 
 1914 
 
 6 
 
 1,487 
 
 1,081 
 
 10,800 
 
 1898 
 
 12 
 
 4,673 
 
 4,029 
 
 51,700 
 
 1915 
 
 6 
 
 1,257 
 
 1,275 
 
 10,900 
 
 1899 
 
 12 
 
 5,760 
 
 6,359 
 
 52,800 
 
 1916 
 
 6 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,049 
 
 10,473 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (G) Drainage. 
 
 1. Drainage Promotion Act 1917. This Act provides that wherever any tract of 
 land is so circumstanced that large quantities of water accumulate and lie on it, any 
 owner or owners may petition the Governor to constitute a drainage area. If there is 
 no counter petition from the owners of not less than one-third of the number of holdings, 
 in which case the Governor causes the ground to be surveyed, he proclaims the area to 
 be a Drainage Area. 
 
 The area is placed in the hands of a Trust comprising seven members who are elected 
 by the ratepayers from among owners of land within the drainage area. The voting 
 power is the same as that for the election of Municipal Councils. 
 
 The Trustees may borrow money not exceeding the estimated revenue for five years, 
 but only when a two-thirds majority in favour of the loan is obtained at a poll of the 
 ratepayers. They may also levy a rate not exceeding sixpence in the pound upon the 
 unimproved capital value of all properties within the Drainage Area whether Crown 
 land or not. 
 
 The Trustees have sole control of all works, and are empowered to enter lands, make 
 drains, erect all necessary machinery, &c. 
 
212 
 
 HARBOUR TRUSTS AND MARINE BOARDS. 
 
 SECTION IV. 
 
 HARBOUR TRUSTS AND MARINE BOARDS. 
 1. New South Wales. 
 
 ' (A) Sydney Harbour Trust. 
 
 1. General. This Trust is composed of three Commissioners, appointed by Govern- 
 ment for seven years, hence all particulars relative thereto are omitted as not coming 
 under the heading of Local Government. 
 
 (B) Wollongong Harbour Trust. 
 
 1. General. This Trust, now defunct, was created by the Wollongong Harbour Trust 
 Act 1889, and all lands and harbour works at Wollongong were vested therein ; it was 
 also entrusted with the management of the harbour and authorized to collect tolls, rates, 
 and charges. The Board of this Trust was composed of twelve Commissioners, of whom 
 three were nominated by the Governor in Council, two elected by Sydney ship-owners, 
 two by colliery-owners, two by the Municipal Council of Wollongong, one each by the 
 Councils of Central Illawarra and North Illawarra, and one by the Bulli and Clifton 
 Division of the Electoral District of Illawarra. The Government granted an endowment 
 of 5,000 a year for five years, and the Board were authorized to borrow up to 250,000. 
 The Trust was dissolved on 2nd December, -1895, and all its property handed over to the 
 Government. 
 
 2 Revenue and Expenditure. The following table shows the revenue and expenditure 
 of the Wollongong Harbour Trust for the years 1891 to 1894 : 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. WOLLONGONG HARBOUR TRUST. REVENUE AND 
 EXPENDITURE, 1891 TO 1894. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Vpar 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 New 
 
 
 
 From 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Other 
 Revenue. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Manage- 
 ment. 
 
 Main- 
 tenance. 
 
 Works 
 and 
 Improve- 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ments. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1891 
 
 5,000 
 
 2,660 
 
 7,660 
 
 2,853 
 
 1,743 
 
 1,251 
 
 5,847 
 
 1892 
 
 5,000 
 
 2,632 
 
 7,632 
 
 2,929 
 
 1,160 
 
 1,628 
 
 5,717 
 
 1893 
 
 5,000 
 
 2,455 
 
 7,455 
 
 2,929 
 
 800 
 
 10,163 
 
 13,892 
 
 1894 
 
 3,750 
 
 2,757 
 
 6,507 
 
 1,540 
 
 1,584 
 
 4,864 
 
 7,988 
 
 2. Victoria. 
 
 (A) Melbourne Harbour Trust. 
 
 1. Constitution of the Trust. The Melbourne Harbour Trust was constituted by the 
 Melbourne Harbour Trust Act 1876, under the provisions of which a Board of fifteen 
 Commissioners was appointed ; six of these were elected by City and suburban Councils, 
 three by ship-owners, three by merchants, and three by the Governor in Council. In 
 1883 the number of Commissioners was raised to seventeen ; the two additional ones 
 
HARBOUR TRUSTS AND MARINE BOARDS. 213 
 
 being appointed by the Governor. In 1912 an Act was passed by which the number of 
 Commissioners was reduced to five, appointed by the Governor in Council ; of these 
 one is the Chairman, one to be a ship-owner, one an exporter of Victorian produce, 
 one an importer, and one identified with primary production in Victoria. By the Act 
 of 1876 the borrowing powers of the Commissioners were limited to 250,000, but were 
 increased in 1883 to 1,000,000, in 1888 to 2,000,000, and in 1912 to 3,000,000. 
 
 The Port of Melbourne, vested in the Commissioners, consists of all inlets, rivers, 
 bays, harbours, and navigable waters north of and within a line from Williamstown to 
 St. Kilda, and includes the River Yarra as far as Queen's Bridge, and the Saltwater 
 River as far as Maribyrnong Bridge. 
 
 i*. Works in the River Yarra. The River Yarra, when the Commissioners took charge, 
 had a navigable depth of 12 ft. 6 in. at low water, and a width of about 140 feet. The 
 present depth is 27 feet, and the present width 300 feet at low water, and three swinging 
 basins have been provided. At the end of 1915 there were 14,515 feet of sheds along 
 the river and Victoria Dock, covering an area of 705,780 square feet. One of the 
 swinging basins has since been enlarged. 
 
 (i) Coode Canal. In 1889 the canal across the flats below Fisherman's Bend was 
 completed to a depth of 20 feet at low water at a cost of 96,000. The length of the 
 canal is 2,002 yards, and the distance from Queen's Bridge to the river entrance was 
 thereby reduced from 7 to 5f miles. At the present time this channel has a depth of 
 27 feet throughout, and has been widened to 430 feet at low water. 
 
 (ii) Victoria Dock. This dock, 4 miles up the river, was opened in 1892, and has an 
 area of 96 acres and a depth of from 27 to 29 feet o.Lw. The entrance to the dock is 
 160 feet wide. There are 8,800 feet of wharfage, on which there are sixteen sheds, all 
 of which, excepting two, are 53 feet in width, totalling 4,868 feet in length, and 
 covering an area of 265,600 square feet. A new central pier is now in course of con- 
 struction ; this will have an average length of 1,630 feet, by a total width of 250 feet, 
 with a 57 -ft. roadway in the centre. The estimated cost is 228,000. 
 
 3. Works at Port Melbourne. There are three piers at Port Melbourne, but the old 
 railway pier is under the control of the Railway Commissioners. 
 
 (i) Town Pier. This pier has berthage accommodation on both sides for vessels 
 drawing from 26 to 28 feet at low water. The space between this and the old railway 
 pier has been dredged to depths of 26 to 30 feet. 
 
 (ii) Old Railway Pier. This pier is 2,147 feet long, and about 62 feet wide ; 1,450 
 feet of the length are available for vessels drawing up to 29 feet. All cargo is landed 
 into railway trucks. 
 
 (iii) New Railway Pier. This pier is 1,902 feet long, and 186 feet wide. It is 
 constructed with a central roadway 41 feet in width, with footpaths 19 ft. 6 in. wide. 
 On each side of the pier are four sets of rails connected with the railway to Melbourne. 
 For the convenience of passengers two shelter-sheds are provided, and there are five 
 travelling gangways to facilitate the landing of passengers so as to avoid crossing the 
 railway lines on the pier level. The estimated cost of this work is 334,533. 
 
 4. Works at Williamstown. One of the first works undertaken by the Commissioners 
 was to make the railway piers available for large vessels. This work cost 256,160. 
 The old railway pier is now 767 feet long, and 81 feet wide, and the new railway pier 
 617 feet long and 93 feet wide. There are altogether six piers at Williamstown. 
 
 5. Works in Hobson's Ba^. In 1893 a channel over 8,000 feet long and 600 feet 
 wide was constructed, running in a southerly direction from Port Melbourne Railway 
 Pier, and having a navigable depth of 30 feet o.l.w. 
 
 6. Dredging. The total quantity of material raised by the dredging and excavation 
 done in the improvement of the river and bay amounts to about 54,000,000 cubic yards. ' 
 
 During the ten years ending 31st December, 1915, the total material raised was 
 19,764,474 cubic yards, costing on an average 2*93 pence per cubic yard, and the 
 average cost of towing and depositing 3 '84 pence per cubic yard, not allowing for 
 depreciation of plant. The Trust has also expended 334,774 in reclaiming land. 
 
214 
 
 HAEBOUR TRUSTS AND MARINE BOARDS.' 
 
 7. Revenue and Expenditure. The revenue of the Trust is obtained from wharfage 
 and quayage rates, rents and licence fees from lands and ferries, and other licence fees. 
 Until 1913 one-fifth of the revenue from rates and fees was paid to the consolidated 
 revenue of Victoria, but now a fixed annual contribution of 60,000 is made. The 
 ollowing table shews the revenue and expenditure of the Trust from 1877 to 1917 : 
 
 VICTORIA. MELBOURNE HARBOUR TRUST. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1877 TO 1917. 
 
 
 Net Revenue. 
 
 Net Expenditure (including Loan Expenditure). 
 
 fil 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 Is 
 
 1*2 
 
 
 a 
 
 g 
 
 il 
 
 fi o 
 
 ^ cS 
 
 ?1 
 
 J 
 
 
 
 | 
 
 i 
 
 4 
 
 ill 
 
 if 
 
 Ill- 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 . 
 
 s 
 
 li 
 
 111 
 
 is 
 
 $.2 
 
 -- 
 
 E 
 
 
 
 "c 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 ' I 
 
 ills 
 
 It 
 
 Ill 
 
 
 a 
 
 o o 
 OW 
 
 ll 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1877 
 
 43,106 
 
 1,127 
 
 82 
 
 120 
 
 44,435 
 
 5,055 
 
 4,983 
 
 421 
 
 6,110 
 
 
 371 
 
 16,940 
 
 1878 
 
 84,731 
 
 1,283 
 
 687 
 
 45 
 
 86,746 
 
 38,786 
 
 10,766 
 
 20,989 
 
 13,548 
 
 
 8,047 
 
 92,136 
 
 1879 
 
 75,295 
 
 1,915 
 
 1,116 
 
 191 
 
 78,517 
 
 30,568 
 
 36,303 
 
 7,161 
 
 12,266 
 
 
 4,716 
 
 91,014 
 
 1880 
 
 67,827 
 
 2,764 
 
 445 
 
 224 
 
 71,260 
 
 22,034 
 
 55,244 
 
 10,434 
 
 15,185 
 
 
 643 
 
 103,540 
 
 1881 
 
 83,493 
 
 2,841 
 
 
 308 86,642 
 
 9,603 
 
 50,641 
 
 9,527 
 
 14,306 
 
 1,061 
 
 8,752 
 
 93,890 
 
 1882 
 
 105,854 
 
 4,586 
 
 
 409 
 
 110,849 
 
 18,220 
 
 61,687 
 
 16,249 
 
 16,526 
 
 1,332 
 
 7,566 
 
 121,580 
 
 1883 
 
 98,809 
 
 4,670 
 
 
 456 
 
 103,935 
 
 55,158 
 
 76,678 
 
 23,246 
 
 17,725 
 
 1,241 
 
 15,525 
 
 189,573 
 
 1884 
 
 108,019 
 
 4,616 
 
 
 506 
 
 113,141 
 
 70,881 
 
 129,370 
 
 59,072 
 
 16,723 
 
 7,354 
 
 19,880 
 
 303,280 
 
 1885 
 
 120,587 
 
 4,792 
 
 
 1,897 
 
 127,276 
 
 46,014 
 
 118,062 
 
 48,289 
 
 16,931 
 
 19,672 
 
 18,226 
 
 267,194 
 
 1886 
 
 136,134 
 
 5,404 
 
 6',624 
 
 1,317 
 
 149,479 
 
 26,724 
 
 123,835 
 
 30,861 
 
 14,760 
 
 39,123 
 
 36,308 
 
 271,611 
 
 1887 
 
 138,804 
 
 5,640 
 
 6,323 
 
 3,016 
 
 153,783 
 
 9,304 
 
 103,857 
 
 70,414 
 
 18,923 
 
 36,250 
 
 
 238,748 
 
 1888 
 
 175,795 
 
 6,156 
 
 8,406 
 
 4,227 
 
 194,584 
 
 4,198 
 
 113,439 
 
 83,702 
 
 19,499 
 
 36,250 
 
 
 257,088 
 
 1889 
 
 183,318 
 
 7,468 
 
 21,024 
 
 3,686 
 
 215,496 
 
 118,805 
 
 150,882 
 
 92,386 
 
 20,255 
 
 46,250 
 
 
 428,575 
 
 1890 
 
 165,819 
 
 8.990 
 
 31,867 
 
 3,896 
 
 210,572 
 
 64,588 
 
 217,922 
 
 234,344 
 
 19,936 
 
 66,250 
 
 
 603,040 
 
 1891 
 
 155,654 
 
 11.600 
 
 7,693 
 
 5,381 
 
 180,328 
 
 13,161 
 
 169,467 
 
 202,870 
 
 21,518 
 
 71,633 
 
 
 478,649 
 
 1892 
 
 121,590 
 
 12,117 
 
 17,470 
 
 3,537 
 
 154,714 
 
 253 
 
 123,590 
 
 115,395 
 
 19,402 
 
 86,250 
 
 
 344,890 
 
 1893 
 
 82,499 
 
 12,776 
 
 6,972 
 
 3,731 
 
 105,978 
 
 
 53,957 
 
 47,582 
 
 16,109 
 
 130,755 
 
 
 248,403 
 
 1894 
 
 87,929 
 
 11.217 
 
 11,719 
 
 4,661 
 
 115,526 
 
 
 26,180 
 
 17,726 
 
 10,722 
 
 93,241 
 
 
 147,869 
 
 1895 
 
 94,944 
 
 9i503 
 
 9,314 
 
 3,980 
 
 117,741 
 
 
 21,677 
 
 17,846 
 
 9,812 
 
 93,943 
 
 
 143,278 
 
 1896 
 
 102,843 
 
 9,666 
 
 8.396 
 
 3,504 
 
 124,409 
 
 
 22,307 
 
 20,155 
 
 8,952 
 
 93,902 
 
 
 145,316 
 
 1897 
 
 108.169 
 
 10,402 
 
 5,079 
 
 24,085 
 
 147,735 
 
 
 20,267 
 
 14,878 
 
 9,480 
 
 89,717 
 
 
 134,342 
 
 1898 
 
 112^63 
 
 10,738 
 
 3,935 
 
 6,012 
 
 132,948 
 
 
 19,418 
 
 19,400 
 
 9,968 
 
 89,123 
 
 
 137,909 
 
 1899 
 
 110,393 
 
 10,904 
 
 3,354 
 
 2.295 
 
 126,946 
 
 
 19,668 
 
 17,746 
 
 9,644 
 
 88,549 
 
 
 135,607 
 
 1900 
 
 127,785 
 
 11,091 
 
 3,014 
 
 1,472 
 
 143,362 
 
 
 24,608 
 
 25,638 
 
 10,150 
 
 88,216 
 
 
 148,612 
 
 1901 
 
 136,178 
 
 10,907 
 
 2.003 
 
 2,295 
 
 151,383 
 
 
 28,006 
 
 32,414 
 
 10,107 
 
 87,480 
 
 
 158,007 
 
 1902 
 
 140,258 
 
 11,861 
 
 1,836 
 
 1,558 
 
 155,513 
 
 
 32,062 
 
 32,871 
 
 10,196 
 
 87,474 
 
 
 162,603 
 
 1903 
 
 164,611 
 
 9,773 
 
 2,030 
 
 819 
 
 177,233 
 
 
 27,714 
 
 24,303 
 
 10,679 
 
 87,478 
 
 
 150,174 
 
 1904 
 
 162,105 
 
 10.647 
 
 2.324 
 
 1,822 
 
 176,898 
 
 
 30,504 
 
 16,003 
 
 11,548 
 
 86,842 
 
 
 144,897 
 
 1905 
 
 167,727 
 
 12,361 
 
 2',489 
 
 7,406 
 
 189,983 
 
 
 27,213 
 
 19,443 
 
 12,700 
 
 86,630 
 
 
 145,986 
 
 1906 
 
 188,410 
 
 13,481 
 
 2,987 
 
 3,452 
 
 208,330 
 
 
 27,828 
 
 19,839 
 
 13,056 
 
 86,530 
 
 
 147,253 
 
 1907 
 
 191,762 
 
 13,299 
 
 2,949 
 
 6,252 
 
 214,262 
 
 11,310 
 
 35,084 
 
 30,019 
 
 14,145 
 
 86,375 
 
 
 176,933 
 
 1908 
 
 203,459 
 
 13,920 
 
 3,662 
 
 1,283 
 
 222,324 
 
 13,753 
 
 45,944 
 
 28,810 
 
 14,096 
 
 82,015 
 
 
 184,618 
 
 1909 
 
 193,078 
 
 13,955 
 
 90 
 
 3,446 
 
 210,569 
 
 11,887 
 
 47,808 
 
 22,339 
 
 15,847 
 
 72,517 
 
 
 170,398 
 
 1910 
 
 237,866 
 
 13,615 
 
 410 
 
 1,506 
 
 253,397 
 
 913 
 
 44,973 
 
 30,558 
 
 19,352 
 
 69.409 
 
 35',518 
 
 200,723 
 
 1911 
 
 250,640 
 
 13,899 
 
 2,039 
 
 2,210 
 
 268,788 
 
 21,935 
 
 47,851 
 
 36,575 
 
 20,841 
 
 69,366 
 
 44,096 
 
 240,664 
 
 1912 
 
 249,997 
 
 15,107 
 
 2,375 
 
 3,792 
 
 271,271 
 
 73,299 
 
 58,298 
 
 124,097 
 
 27,453 
 
 69,264 
 
 32,043 
 
 384,454 
 
 1913 
 
 254,935 
 
 16,680 
 
 665 
 
 4,299 
 
 276,579 
 
 58,661 
 
 86,454 
 
 161,388 
 
 28,622 
 
 59,494 
 
 73,760 
 
 468,379 
 
 1914 
 
 261,568 
 
 18,808 
 
 2,284 
 
 11,194 
 
 293,854 
 
 42,349 
 
 124,030 
 
 119,119 
 
 34,163 
 
 69,981 
 
 67,417 
 
 457,059 
 
 1915 
 
 217,108 
 
 19,005 
 
 1,293 
 
 13,092 
 
 250,498 
 
 9,279 
 
 119,942 
 
 165,016 
 
 36,067 
 
 72,934 
 
 61,802 
 
 465,040 
 
 1916 
 
 213,731 
 
 30,360 
 
 170 
 
 17,273 
 
 261,534 
 
 29,359 
 
 140,828 
 
 145,685 
 
 40,994 
 
 78,820 
 
 73,148 
 
 508,834 
 
 1917 
 
 207,739 
 
 27,989 
 
 31 
 
 23,158 
 
 258,917 
 
 6,130 
 
 124,019 
 
 92,334 
 
 38,363 
 
 85,206 
 
 57,438 
 
 403,490 
 
 * Amount paid to Consolidated Revenue deducted. 
 
 (B) Geelong Harbour Trust. 
 
 1. Constitution and Powers of Trust. By the Geelong Harbour Trust Act 1905 the 
 Geelong Harbour Commission was incorporated. Three Commissioners are appointed 
 by the Governor in Council. In this Commission are vested the Port of Geelong, and all 
 the foreshore from Little River, to and including Portarlington, as well as the Barwon 
 River. Borrowing powers up to 200,000 were authorized. By an amendment of the 
 Act in 1910 the Commissioners were empowered to carry on the freezing of meat and 
 other produce, the establishment of abattoirs, and the providing of light and power ; 
 and their borrowing power was increased to 400,000. In 1913 this was further 
 increased to 500,000. In 1913 the payment of one-fifth of the wharfage dues to the 
 consolidated revenue was abolished. In 1915 the borrowing of a further 50,000 was 
 authorized. Since the inception of the Board it has made many improvements in the 
 port; and, in addition, maintains the Corio Freezing Works and Abattoirs and the 
 Sparrovale Farm. 
 
HARBOUR TRUSTS AND MARINE BOARDS. 
 
 215 
 
 2. Revenue and Expenditure. In the following table are given particulars of the 
 ordinary revenue and ordinary and capital expenditure of the Geelong Harbour Trust 
 from 1906 to 1917 : 
 
 VICTORIA. GEELONG HARBOUR TRUST. ORDINARY 
 EXPENDITURE, 1906 TO 1917. 
 
 REVENUE AND 
 
 
 Ordinary Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year 
 ending 31st 
 
 1 lri-1-inlnT. 
 
 Wharf agi 
 and 
 Quayage 
 Bates. 
 
 Rants, 
 
 Fees, 
 and 
 Licences. 
 
 Sparro- 
 vale 
 
 Farm. 
 
 Corio 
 Freezing 
 Works. 
 
 ' Other 
 Revenue. 
 
 Total 
 Revenue. 
 
 Genera 
 
 Manage- 
 ment and 
 Expenses. 
 
 Harbor 
 Mainten- 
 ance and 
 Dredging. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1906 . . 
 
 11,371 
 
 1,003 
 
 147 
 
 . . 
 
 746 
 
 13,267 
 
 4,474 
 
 2,093 
 
 1907 
 
 10,227 
 
 1,261 
 
 750 
 
 . . 
 
 3,186 
 
 15,424 
 
 6,245 
 
 18,011 
 
 1908 
 
 11,067 
 
 1,415 
 
 2,708 
 
 . . 
 
 1,931 
 
 17,121 
 
 7,424 
 
 7,136 
 
 1909 . . 
 
 12,009 
 
 1,897 
 
 2,809 
 
 2,336 
 
 3,324 
 
 22,375 
 
 9,474 
 
 1,445 
 
 1910 . . 
 
 15,232 
 
 2,462 
 
 3,328 
 
 17,392 
 
 29,792 
 
 68,206 
 
 10,039 
 
 5,442 
 
 1911 
 
 14,465 
 
 3,154 
 
 3,695 
 
 10,760 
 
 23,769 
 
 55,843 
 
 12,609 
 
 10,906 
 
 1912 
 
 14,675 
 
 2,669 
 
 4,959 
 
 5,312 
 
 5,337 
 
 32,952 
 
 13,257 
 
 11,322 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 15,182 
 
 3,423 
 
 5,459 
 
 5,592 
 
 1,146 
 
 30,802 
 
 5,665 
 
 17,744 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 13,495 
 
 3,750 
 
 7,281 
 
 12,404 
 
 1,064 
 
 37,994 
 
 6,610 
 
 22,281 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 10,200 
 
 3,776 
 
 6,710 
 
 9,543 
 
 606 
 
 30,835 
 
 5,950 
 
 45,452 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 9,171 
 
 4,113 
 
 4,930 
 
 9,777 
 
 830 
 
 28,821 
 
 7,540 
 
 19,132 
 
 1917 
 
 8,772 
 
 3,829 
 
 5,933 
 
 10,683 
 
 3,157 
 
 32,374 
 
 5,933 
 
 1,387 
 
 
 Ordinary and Capital Expenditure continued. 
 
 Year 
 ending 31st 
 December. 
 
 Wharves 
 and Ap- 
 proaches. 
 
 Land 
 and 
 Plant. 
 
 Interest. 
 
 Sparro- 
 vale 
 Farm. 
 
 Corio 
 Freezing 
 Works. 
 
 Corio 
 Quay 
 Power 
 House. 
 
 Other 
 Expen- 
 diture. 
 
 Amount 
 paid to 
 Consoli- 
 dated 
 Revenue 
 
 Total. 
 Expen- 
 diture. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1906 
 
 
 44,245 
 
 909 
 
 333 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 4,509 
 
 2,287 
 
 58,850 
 
 1907 
 
 
 15,808 
 
 4,567 
 
 7,604 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 2,264 
 
 2,058 
 
 56,557 
 
 1908 
 
 528 
 
 9,504 
 
 5,000 
 
 15,784 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 8,054 
 
 2,240 
 
 55,670 
 
 1909 
 
 17,087 
 
 11,102 
 
 4,961 
 
 6,489 
 
 48,060 
 
 5,090 
 
 16,158 
 
 2,455 
 
 122,321 
 
 1910 
 
 3,710 
 
 8,989 
 
 12,030 
 
 3,625 
 
 25,425 
 
 5,497 
 
 19,529 
 
 3,101 
 
 97,387 
 
 1911 
 
 3,396 
 
 12,514 
 
 13,346 
 
 6,650 
 
 31,753 
 
 6,131 
 
 9,091 
 
 2,948 
 
 109,344 
 
 1912 
 
 6,180 
 
 3,403 
 
 14,835 
 
 6,972 
 
 14,327 
 
 4,381 
 
 4,080 
 
 2,986 
 
 81,743 
 
 1913 
 
 12,689 
 
 15,782 
 
 17,091 
 
 4,927 
 
 3,789 
 
 " . . 
 
 3,266 
 
 619 
 
 81,572 
 
 1914 
 
 9,404 
 
 22,074 
 
 19,167 
 
 6,221 
 
 1,934 
 
 2,548 
 
 2,721 
 
 . . 
 
 92,960 
 
 1915 
 
 6,813 
 
 3,664 
 
 21,870 
 
 5,786 
 
 1,576 
 
 1,805 
 
 3,233 
 
 
 96,149 
 
 1916 
 
 1,120 
 
 23,174 
 
 24,288 
 
 6,447 
 
 710 
 
 3,055 
 
 2,428 
 
 . . 
 
 87,894 
 
 1917 
 
 580 
 
 34,230 
 
 23,049 
 
 4,317 
 
 1,024 
 
 1,947 
 
 1,736 
 
 
 74,203 
 
 3. Queensland. 
 
 1. Harbour Boards Act 1892. The constitution of a Harbour Board is effected by a 
 " Special Act." A Board consists of elective and non-elective members, provision for 
 whom is made in the Special Act. Non-elective members are appointed by the Governor, 
 and hold office for such period as may be prescribed ; while elective members are 
 elected every two years, either by ratepayers, by the appointment of a Local 
 Authority, or by any other body or association entitled to elect or appoint members. 
 A Harbour Board is empowered to construct and maintain harbour works, construct 
 warehouses and sheds, provide cranes, &c., let or grant the use of lands, warehouses, 
 wharves, &c., at annual rents, ' lay down pipes and tramways, and take lands, soil, 
 gravel, &c. It may not construct works on tidal lands or waters without the sanction 
 of the Governor. The revenue of a Board consists of harbour dues, harbour improve- 
 ment rates, rents of lands, and loan moneys. 
 
 2. Harbour Boards Constituted. In 1895 Harbour Boards were constituted in Rock- 
 hampton, Bundaberg, and Townsville, the two former with a Board of one non-elective 
 and eight elective members, the latter with one of two non-elective and nine elective 
 members. In Rockhampton, three members are elected by ratepayers, and five by 
 payers of dues ; in Townsville, four by Municipal Councils, four by payers of dues, 
 
216 
 
 HARBOUR TRUSTS AND MARINE BOARDS. 
 
 and one by the Chamber of Commerce ; and in Bundaberg, four each by Municipal Councils 
 and payers of dues. The Mackay Harbour Board was constituted in 1896 with the same 
 number of members as in Bundaberg, elected in the same manner. An amendment of 
 the Rockhampton Special Act in 1897 increased the number of members elected by the 
 Municipality of Rockhampton from one to two. In 1905 the Cairns Harbour Board was 
 constituted with nine members, elected by the ratepayers of the Harbour Board District, 
 as defined by the Special Act. The number of members of Mackay Harbour Board was 
 increased in 1911 to nine, elected by ratepayers simultaneously with the municipal 
 election every third year, and under -the provisions of the Local Authorities Act. A 
 Harbour Board for Gladstone was created in 1913 consisting of seven members, of 
 whom two are appointed by the Governor in Council, and five, holding office for three 
 years, elected by the ratepayers of the Harbour Board District, the election taking place 
 simultaneously with the ordinary municipal elections. In the following year the Bo wen 
 Harbour Board was constituted with the same number of members as that of Gladstone. 
 The number of members of the Rockhampton Board was increased in 1914 to eleven, 
 of whom four are elected by ratepayers of the City of Rockhampton, one each by rate- 
 payers of the Municipalities of North Rockhampton and Mount Morgan and of the Shires 
 of Fitzroy and Livingstone, and four by the Councillors of other Shires. The number 
 of elective members of the Townsville Board was reduced in 1916 to seven. 
 
 3. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. The following table gives the revenue, expenditure, 
 and liabilities of some of the Harbour Boards for the years 1905 to 1917 : 
 
 QUEENSLAND. HARBOUR BOARDS. REVENUE, EXPENDITURE, AND 
 LIABILITIES, 1905 TO 1917. 
 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 
 Number 
 
 
 
 Year. 
 
 of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Boards. 
 
 Wharfage and 
 Harbour 
 Dues. 
 
 Government 
 Loan. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Work and 
 Maintenance. 
 
 Interest and 
 Redemption 
 of Loans. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 4 
 
 43,627 
 
 42,992 
 
 3,796 
 
 90,415 ' 
 
 63,884 
 
 17,958 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 4 
 
 52,890 
 
 61,759 
 
 11,020 
 
 125,669 
 
 82,803 
 
 25,104 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 4 
 
 61,798 
 
 39,457 
 
 14,561 
 
 115,816 
 
 96,853 
 
 17,151 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 4 
 
 64,372 
 
 57,793 
 
 8,593 
 
 130,758 
 
 98,374 
 
 24,980 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 4 
 
 65,245 
 
 43,000 
 
 10,484 
 
 118,729 
 
 74,185 
 
 33,756 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 5 
 
 90,948 
 
 34,547 
 
 14,413 
 
 139,908 
 
 67,215 
 
 31,928 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 5 
 
 103,298 
 
 56,954 
 
 19,192 
 
 179,444 
 
 133,586 
 
 26,833 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 5 
 
 110,993 
 
 72,504 
 
 21,103 
 
 204,600 
 
 141,598 
 
 35,899 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 5 
 
 128,688 
 
 62,100 
 
 24,713 
 
 215,501 
 
 129,711 
 
 47,973 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 5 
 
 124,251 
 
 62,171 
 
 12,592 
 
 199,014 
 
 129,333 
 
 40,916 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 5 
 
 117,694 
 
 57,512 
 
 26,252 
 
 201,458 
 
 117,382 
 
 48,323 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 5 
 
 113,365 
 
 17,327 
 
 16,832 
 
 147,524 
 
 96,660 
 
 46,116 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 5 
 
 110,300 
 
 5,750 
 
 18,907 
 
 134,957 
 
 75,584 
 
 36,920 
 
 
 Expenditure continued. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Annual 
 
 
 
 
 Liability for 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 
 Outstanding 
 
 
 
 Interest and 
 Redemption 
 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Loans from 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 of 
 
 
 
 
 Government. 
 
 
 
 Loan. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 4,986 
 
 86,828 
 
 372,318 
 
 5,010 
 
 377,328 
 
 18,490 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 10,285 
 
 118,192 
 
 428,755 
 
 3,776 
 
 432,531 
 
 21,190 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 5,912 
 
 119,916 
 
 464,595 
 
 9,035 
 
 473,630 
 
 22,749 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 7,424 
 
 130,778' 
 
 517,014 
 
 6,864 
 
 523,878 
 
 25,324 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 9,081 
 
 117,022 
 
 552,244 
 
 2,771 
 
 555,015 
 
 28,171 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 19,500 
 
 118,643 
 
 609,083 
 
 3,952 
 
 613,035 
 
 31,625 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 13,000 
 
 173,419 
 
 659,415 
 
 17,150 
 
 676,565 
 
 26,833 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 45,290 
 
 222,787 
 
 723,171 
 
 31,013 
 
 754,184 
 
 35,899 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 45,553 
 
 223,237 
 
 788,168 
 
 13,701 
 
 801,869 
 
 47,973 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 32,507 
 
 202,756 
 
 841,475 
 
 16,321 
 
 857,796 
 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 24,513 
 
 190,218 
 
 882,657 
 
 15,163 
 
 897,820 
 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 15,934 
 
 158,710 
 
 874,849 
 
 21,741 
 
 896,590 
 
 
 1917 .. 
 
 13,942 
 
 126,446 
 
 860,011 
 
 29,624 
 
 889,635 
 
 
HARBOUR TRUSTS AND MARINE BOARDS. 217 
 
 4. South Australia. 
 
 1. General. Prior to 1914 the control of ports and harbours, together with the duties 
 of licensing pilots, attending to buoys and lighthouses, certificating masters of ships, 
 and so forth, was in the hands of a Board consisting of a President and four Wardens, 
 appointed by the Governor, who commenced their duties in 1860 and remained in office 
 until the passing of the Marine Board and Navigation Act 1881, when they were superseded 
 by a new Board comprising a President and seven Wardens. Under this Act the first 
 Board was appointed wholly by the Governor for three years, at the end of which period 
 fresh appointments were made by the Governor for every three years of seven Wardens, 
 of whom one was nominated by the South Australian Chamber of Commerce, one by 
 the Adelaide Underwriters' Association, and two by ship-owners. In 1914 all the duties 
 of the Marine Board were transferred to the South Australian Harbour Board, consisting 
 of three members, appointed by the Governor for five years. The Government was 
 empowered to take and acquire all existing wharves and docks, with their adjoining 
 lands, in harbours, either by agreement or compulsorily, the prices being fixed by arbitra- 
 tion if necessary, and the control of Corporations and District Councils over any waters 
 and jetties ceased. All the property thus acquired was vested in the newly-constituted 
 Harbour Board. 
 
 5. Western Australia. 
 
 1. Constitution of Harbour Trusts. Both the Fremantle and Bunbury Harbour Trusts 
 are comprised of five members, including a Chairman, who are appointed by the 
 Governor and have exclusive control over their respective harbours. The Act con- 
 stituting the Fremantle Harbour Trust was passed in 1902, and that constituting the 
 Bunbury Harbour Trust in 1909. 
 
 2. Fremantle Harbour Trust. The harbour works, which were commenced in 1892, were 
 designed with the object of forming a safe and commodious harbour within the mouth 
 of the Swan River so as to admit vessels at all states of the tide. Two ocean moles 
 have been thrown out from the north and south heads, the former being 3,450 feet and 
 the latter 2,040 feet long. A channel 450 feet wide and 30 feet deep at low water has 
 been blasted and dredged through the rock, which formerly crossed the estuary to the 
 river, to give access to the harbour basin, which has a width of 1,400 feet and a depth of 
 30 feet at low water, and wharves and goods sheds have been constructed along the 
 reclaimed foreshore on both sides of the harbour. At the present time all the European 
 mail boats and equally large vessels, which make Fremantle their last port of call in 
 Australia, are able to enter and leave the harbour in all weathers and at all tides. For 
 the year ending 30th June, 1916, the total revenue of the Trust was 187,345, and the 
 expenditure 83,995. The gross amount paid to the Treasury for the year was 98,233, 
 being interest 60,858, sinking fund 19,388, and surplus revenue account 17,987. 
 
 6. Tasmania. 
 (A) Marine Boards. 
 
 1. General. Several Marine Boards have been constituted in Tasmania from time 
 to time. The functions of these Boards are to appoint Harbour Masters and other officers, 
 regulate ports, wharves and docks, dredge rivers -and harbours, make regulations for 
 vessels arriving at and lying in port, appoint and license pilots, detain unseaworthy 
 ships, see that ships are properly equipped, investigate casualties "and collisions, and 
 perform other matters in connexion with shipping. In addition, the Hobart Marine 
 Board is entrusted with the control of all lighthouses on the Tasmanian coast. The 
 revenue of these Boards is derived from wharfage rates, harbour dues, fines, and other 
 sources ; also the Hobart Marine Board can levy lighthouse rates. 
 
 2. Marine Boards Act 1857. The Marine Boards of Hobart and Launceston were 
 constituted with five Wardens each, of whom the respective Chambers of Commerce 
 nominated three, while the Mayor and Collector of Customs were ex officio Wardens. 
 The duties mentioned in the preceding paragraph were vested in these Boards. 
 
 In 1867 the Governor was empowered to alter^the limits of the jurisdiction of the 
 Marine Boards, and to create other Boards within these limits, such new Boards to 
 consist of three Wardens appointed by the Governor and to have the same powers as 
 the Launceston Marine Board. 
 
218 HARBOUR TRUSTS AND MARINE BOARDS. 
 
 In 1874 the constitution of the Hobart and Launceston Boards was changed, and 
 in place of the Mayor and Collector of Customs the Governor appointed two members, 
 who retired annually. It was also provided that one of the three Wardens nominated 
 by the Chamber of Commerce should retire annually. The number of Wardens of other 
 Boards was to be not less than five nor more than nine. 
 
 In 1884 the number of Wardens comprising the Launceston Marine Board was. 
 increased to nine, of whom the Mayor, Collector of Customs, and Chairman of the 
 Chamber of Commerce were ex officio members ; of the other six the Governor appointed 
 two, the Municipal Council nominated two, and the Chamber of Commerce two, of these 
 latter six three retired annually. 
 
 In the following year the membership of the Hobart Board was also increased to nine, 
 being based on the same system as that at Launceston. 
 
 3. Marine Boards Act 1889. This Act repealed and consolidated the previous Act 
 and its amendments. Six Marine Boards were constituted Hobart, Launceston, Mersey, 
 Leven, Table Cape, and Circular Head, and the Governor was empowered to create 
 others. 
 
 The Marine Boards of Hobart and Launceston consisted of nine Wardens each, elected 
 by ship-owners, importers, and exporters. The Collector of Customs at Hobart and 
 Launceston were to prepare annually rolls of all ship-owners, of all persons who had 
 paid 5 and over in wharfage rates during the preceding year, and of all persons who 
 had exported goods to the value of 200 or over. Owners were allowed one vote for 
 each Warden for any amount of tonnage exceeding 10 tons and not exceeding 50 
 tons, two votes for tonnage exceeding 50 tons and not exceeding 100 tons, and three 
 votes for over 100 tons. Importers who had paid in wharfage rates not less than 5 and 
 up to 50 had one vote, over 50 to 150 two votes, and over 150 three votes; 
 while exporters of the value of 200 and under 2,000 had one vote, of 2,000 and 
 under 5,000 two votes, and of over 5,000 three votes. Three Wardens retired 
 annually, and the Master Warden was elected from among themselves. 
 
 The Marine Boards of other ports were appointed by the Governor during pleasure ; 
 that of Mersey was to have seven Wardens, and those of Leven, Table Cape, and Circular 
 Head five each. All such Wardens must be persons residing within a radius of 2 miles 
 of the places mentioned in the schedule to the Act. 
 
 The Marine Board of Hobart retained the management and control of lighthouses, 
 but for the purpose of considering the necessity for new lighthouses a consolidated Board 
 was formed, consisting of the Master Wardens and two other Wardens of the Marine 
 Boards of Hobart and Launceston, and the Master Wardens of all other Marine Boards in 
 Tasmania. 
 
 In 1895 the voting qualification of importers was altered, and was based on the value 
 of goods imported, instead of on the amount of wharfage rates paid. An importer of the 
 value of 200 and less than 2,000 was allowed one vote, of 2,000 and less than 5,000 
 two votes, and of 5,000 and over three votes. 
 
 In 1896 owners of boats of 5 tons or upwards licensed or registered at Hobart or 
 Launceston were allowed to vote for Wardens. 
 
 In 1902 the election of Wardens by ship-owners, importers, exporters, and owners of 
 boats was abolished in Launceston, and every person who had resided in the City of 
 Launceston or in the Towns of Invermay or Trevallyn for a period of six months and 
 was entitled to vote for a Member of Parliament for the City of Launceston was given 
 one vote for the Wardens of the Launceston Marine Board. In 1910 this privilege was 
 extended to those residents in the Municipalities of Beaconsfield, Lilydale, and St. 
 Leonards who were on the electoral roll. 
 
 In 1914 the number of Wardens on the Launceston Marine Board was increased to 
 thirteen, of whom nine were to be elected by the Citizens of Launceston, and one each 
 by the electors of the Municipalities of Beaconsfield, George Town, Lilydale, and St. 
 Leonards. In order to be qualified as a Warden a person must be a male citizen of 
 Launceston or a male elector of one of the other Municipalities. 
 
 4. Strahan Marine Board. In 1898 this Board was elected by the municipal electors 
 of Strahan, Zeehan, and Queenstown, each town electing two Wardens for a period of 
 two years Four Wardens were also nominated by the Governor. The electors were 
 
HARBOUR TRUSTS AND MARINE BOARDS. 
 
 219 
 
 those on the valuation roll for the District, and had the number of votes prescribed in 
 the Rural Voting Act 1884. This Board was abolished in 1903, and replaced by one of 
 three members appointed by the Governor. 
 
 5. Mersey Marine Board. In 1903 the Board of seven Wardens appointed by the 
 Governor was replaced by one of nine Wardens elected by the electors of three Towns 
 and nine Road Districts. Three Wardens retire annually. 
 
 6. Table Cape Marine Board. In 1910 the area under the jurisdiction of the Marine 
 Board of Burnie and Table Cape was defined and divided into two Wards. The Board 
 consists of seven members, elected by the electors of Emu Bay and Table Cape, the 
 electors of the former Ward electing four and those of the latter three members. 
 
 7. Circular Head Marine Board. In 1915 the Board of five members for Circular 
 Head was also made elective. 
 
 8. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following tables are shewn (a) the revenue, 
 expenditure, and outstanding loans of Marine Boards from 1858 to 1916 ; and (6) the 
 revenue and expenditure of the Hobart Marine Board on Lighthouses for the years 1859 
 to 1916 : 
 
 TASMANIA. MARINE BOARDS. REVENUE, EXPENDITURE, AND OUTSTANDING 
 
 LOANS, 1858 TO 1916. 
 
 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 
 
 
 Year. 
 
 Number of 
 Boards. 
 
 Rates, Dues, 
 &c. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1858 .. 
 
 2 
 
 12,758 
 
 4,596 
 
 17,354 
 
 12,244 
 
 . . 
 
 1859 .. 
 
 2 
 
 11,301 
 
 1,725 
 
 13,026 
 
 13,383 
 
 . . 
 
 1860 .. 
 
 2 
 
 10,275 
 
 1,514 
 
 11,789 
 
 22,262 
 
 
 1861 .. 
 
 2 
 
 8,661 
 
 1,996 
 
 10,657 
 
 9,776 
 
 
 1862 .. 
 
 2 
 
 8,503 
 
 1,906 
 
 10,409 
 
 8,931 
 
 
 1863 .. 
 
 2 
 
 9,510 
 
 ,642 
 
 11,152 
 
 10,913 
 
 
 1864 .. 
 
 2 
 
 8,188 
 
 ,995 
 
 10,183 
 
 9,827 
 
 
 1865 .. 
 
 2 
 
 7,088 
 
 ,582 
 
 8,670 
 
 10,698 
 
 
 1866 .. 
 
 2 
 
 7,738 
 
 ,446 
 
 9,184 
 
 12,730 
 
 
 1867 .. 
 
 2 
 
 7,829 
 
 ,646 
 
 9,475 
 
 11,933 
 
 5,000 
 
 1868 .. 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 9,327 
 
 9,927 
 
 5,000 
 
 1869 .. 
 
 5 
 
 . 
 
 
 12,234 
 
 8,707 
 
 4,000 
 
 1870 ., 
 
 5 
 
 7,730 
 
 ',428 
 
 9,158 
 
 7,405 
 
 4,000 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 5 
 
 7,638 
 
 ,346 
 
 8,984 
 
 7,922 
 
 4,000 
 
 1872 .. 
 
 5 
 
 7,194 
 
 ,660 
 
 8,180 
 
 8,180 
 
 4,000 
 
 1873 .. 
 
 5 
 
 9,846 
 
 ,993 
 
 11,839 
 
 10,993 
 
 4,000 
 
 1874 .. 
 
 5 
 
 10,794 
 
 ,458 
 
 12,252 
 
 11,064 
 
 4.000 
 
 1875 .. 
 
 5 
 
 11,030 
 
 ,244 
 
 13,274 
 
 10,795 
 
 4,000 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 5 
 
 10,780 
 
 ,069 
 
 12,849 . 
 
 12,691 
 
 4,000 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 5 
 
 11,804 
 
 ,822 
 
 13,626 
 
 14,316 
 
 5,000 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 5 
 
 12,744 
 
 ,923 
 
 14,667 
 
 15,279 
 
 5,000 
 
 1789 .. 
 
 5 
 
 11,647 
 
 ,818 
 
 13,465 
 
 14721 
 
 5,000 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 5 
 
 11,316 
 
 ,554 
 
 12,870 
 
 10,601 
 
 5,000 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 5 
 
 13,545 
 
 2,924 
 
 16,469 
 
 11,724 
 
 * 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 5 
 
 16,769 
 
 1,638 
 
 18,407 
 
 15,163 
 
 t 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 5 
 
 18,131 
 
 2,078 
 
 20,209 
 
 20,138 
 
 t 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 5 
 
 3,384 
 
 18,211 
 
 22,374 
 
 22,374 
 
 rf 
 
 1885 .. 
 
 5 
 
 16,206 
 
 11,530 
 
 27,736 
 
 28,945 
 
 t 
 
 1886 .. 
 
 5 
 
 16,120 
 
 14,046 
 
 30,166 
 
 34,975 
 
 t 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 5 
 
 15,690 
 
 30,260 
 
 45,950 
 
 37,842 
 
 20,000 
 
 1888 
 
 5 
 
 15,161 
 
 16,096 
 
 31,257 
 
 35,057 
 
 t 
 
 1889 .. 
 
 5 
 
 16,322 
 
 13,934 
 
 30,256 
 
 29,323 
 
 t 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 6 
 
 17,302 
 
 21,633 
 
 38,935 
 
 40,902 
 
 t 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 6 
 
 18,332 
 
 26,734 
 
 45,066 
 
 61,490 
 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 7 
 
 16,401 
 
 36,039 
 
 52,440 
 
 49,858 
 
 % 
 
 * Loan extinguished, 
 t Outstanding loans, nil. 
 t Not available. 
 
220 
 
 HARBOUR TRUSTS AND MARINE BOARDS. 
 
 TASMANIA. MARINE BOARDS. REVENUE, EXPENDITURE, AND 
 OUTSTANDING LOANS, 1858 TO 1916 continued. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Number of 
 Boards. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expendi- 
 ture. 
 
 Outstanding 
 Loans. 
 
 Rates, Dues, 
 &c. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1893 . . '.'.. 
 
 7 
 
 13,147 
 
 38,805 
 
 51,952 
 
 35,390 
 
 42,000 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 7 
 
 13,381 
 
 10,340 
 
 23,721 
 
 24,618 
 
 42,000 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 7 
 
 14,847 
 
 6,820 
 
 21,667 
 
 20,854 
 
 42,000 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 7 
 
 15,439 
 
 4,062 
 
 19,501 
 
 20,167 
 
 42,500 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 7 
 
 17,893 
 
 5,112 
 
 23,005 
 
 22,737 
 
 44,500 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 7 
 
 22,557 
 
 16,973 
 
 39,530 
 
 33,114 
 
 44,139 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 7 
 
 23,358 
 
 7,221 
 
 30,579 
 
 30,928 
 
 105,639 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 7 
 
 25,786 
 
 39,482 
 
 65,268 
 
 63,927 
 
 80,339 
 
 1901 
 
 7 
 
 25,143 
 
 71,401 
 
 96,544 
 
 95,579 
 
 144,139 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 7 
 
 28,433 
 
 49,828 
 
 79,261 
 
 76,598 
 
 188,639 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 7 
 
 32,951 
 
 11,283 
 
 44,234 
 
 43,414 
 
 193,139 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 7 
 
 36,214 
 
 5,880 
 
 42,094 
 
 47,298 
 
 194,639 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 7 
 
 37,812 
 
 19,271 
 
 57,083 
 
 51,077 
 
 175,976 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 7 
 
 40,749 
 
 28,540 
 
 69,289 
 
 60,401 
 
 174,976 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 7 
 
 42,599 
 
 18,852 
 
 61,451 
 
 70,379 
 
 175,577 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 7 
 
 46,570 
 
 13,929 
 
 60,499 
 
 56,527 
 
 182,877 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 7 
 
 45,410 
 
 14,498 
 
 58,908 
 
 66,179 
 
 196,977 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 7 
 
 46,541 
 
 10,339 
 
 56,880 
 
 53,014 
 
 186,977 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 7 
 
 53,403 
 
 4,938 
 
 58,341 
 
 53,180 
 
 164,577 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 7 
 
 54,014 
 
 75,779 
 
 129,793 
 
 136,212 
 
 226,546 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 7 
 
 57,851 
 
 103,693 
 
 161,544 
 
 148,660 
 
 315,796 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 7 
 
 54,017 
 
 42,398 
 
 96,415 
 
 120,217 
 
 387,697 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 8 
 
 57,005 
 
 33,958 
 
 90,963 
 
 145,609 
 
 474,242 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 8 
 
 59,633 
 
 16,354 
 
 75,987 
 
 101,363 
 
 544,977 
 
 TASMANIA. LIGHTHOUSES. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1859 TO 1916. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Number of 
 Lighthouses. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Dues and 
 Other Sources. 
 
 From other 
 Governments. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1859 .. 
 
 6 
 
 4,020 
 
 632 
 
 4,652 
 
 3,554 
 
 1860 .. 
 
 6 
 
 3,734 
 
 5,099 
 
 8,833 
 
 3,350 
 
 1861 .. 
 
 6 
 
 3,444 
 
 9,753 
 
 13,197 
 
 4,324 
 
 1862 .. 
 
 7 
 
 3,408 
 
 4,497 
 
 7,905 
 
 5,908 
 
 1863 .. 
 
 7 
 
 3,607 
 
 3,805 
 
 7,412 
 
 4,613 
 
 1864 .. 
 
 7 
 
 3,863 
 
 1,222 
 
 5,085 
 
 5,160 
 
 1865 .. 
 
 7 
 
 3,052 
 
 
 3,052 
 
 4,758 
 
 1866 .. 
 
 7 
 
 2,774 
 
 4,063 
 
 6,837 
 
 5,653 
 
 1867 
 
 7 
 
 2,287 
 
 3,527 
 
 5,814 
 
 4,467 
 
 1868 .. 
 
 7 
 
 2,236 
 
 1,893 
 
 4,219 
 
 4,897 
 
 1869 .. 
 
 7 
 
 2,337 
 
 2,915 
 
 5,252 
 
 5,115 
 
 1870 .. 
 
 7 
 
 2,145 
 
 2,396 
 
 4,541 
 
 4,530 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 7 
 
 2,263 
 
 . . 
 
 2,263 
 
 4,826 
 
 1872 .. 
 
 7 
 
 2,080 
 
 4,444 
 
 6,524 
 
 4,867 
 
 1873 .. 
 
 7 
 
 2,472 
 
 2,314 
 
 4,606 
 
 4,121 
 
 1874 
 
 7 
 
 2,562 
 
 1,919 
 
 4,481 
 
 4,541 
 
 1875 .. 
 
 7 
 
 2,772 
 
 3,264 
 
 6,036 
 
 4,797 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 7 
 
 2,870 
 
 1,436 
 
 4,306 
 
 4,899 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 7 
 
 3,282 
 
 2,511 
 
 5,793 
 
 4,414 
 
HARBOUR TRUSTS AND MARINE BOARDS. 
 
 221 
 
 TASMANIA. LIGHTHOUSES. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1859 TO 
 
 1916 continued. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Number of 
 Ughthoosee. 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Dues and 
 Other Sources. 
 
 From other 
 Governments. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 7 
 
 3,197 
 
 2,956 
 
 6,153 
 
 5,194 
 
 1879 .. 
 
 8 
 
 3,826 
 
 2,802 
 
 6,628 
 
 5,341 
 
 1880 .. 
 
 8 
 
 3,976 
 
 571 
 
 4,547 
 
 5,774 
 
 1881 .. 
 
 8 
 
 3,654 
 
 2,796 
 
 6,450 
 
 5,781 
 
 1882 .. 
 
 9 
 
 4,070 
 
 5,182 
 
 9,252 
 
 10,859 
 
 1883 .. 
 
 9 
 
 4,829 
 
 3,270 
 
 8,099 
 
 6,172 
 
 1884 .. 
 
 9 
 
 5,337 
 
 3,540 
 
 8,877 
 
 7,529 
 
 1885 
 
 
 
 5,954 
 
 3,549 
 
 9,503 
 
 8,874 
 
 1886 
 
 9 
 
 6,355 
 
 1,204 
 
 7,559 
 
 6,605 
 
 1887 .. 
 
 9 
 
 3,273 
 
 18J200 
 
 21,473 
 
 17,507 
 
 1888 .. 
 
 10 
 
 6,776 
 
 18,417 
 
 25,193 
 
 25,789 
 
 1889 
 
 11 
 
 8,012 
 
 6,457 
 
 14,559 
 
 13,658 
 
 1890 .. 
 
 11 
 
 5,717 
 
 9,249 
 
 14,966 
 
 18,256 
 
 1891 .. 
 
 13 
 
 5,954 
 
 6,621 
 
 12,575 
 
 17,685 
 
 1892 .. 
 
 14 
 
 5,952 
 
 3,823 
 
 9,775 
 
 12,301 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 14 
 
 4,388 
 
 4,668 
 
 9,056 
 
 9,574 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 14 
 
 4,493 
 
 2,887 
 
 7,380 
 
 7,245 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 14 
 
 4,834 
 
 3,818 
 
 8,652 
 
 7,469 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 14 
 
 5,634 
 
 4,009 
 
 9,643 
 
 7,615 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 14 
 
 5,271 
 
 4,215 
 
 9,486 
 
 7,429 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 14 
 
 5,557 
 
 3,284 
 
 8,841 
 
 10,605 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 15 
 
 6,442 
 
 12,147 
 
 18,589 
 
 16,772 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 16 
 
 6,345 
 
 1,824 
 
 8,169 
 
 8,410 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 17 
 
 6,801 
 
 2,570 
 
 9,371 
 
 9,378 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 17 
 
 7,560 
 
 2,808' 
 
 10,368 
 
 10,461 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 17 
 
 7,519 
 
 3,928 
 
 11,447 
 
 11,270 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 17 
 
 7,937 
 
 2,782 
 
 10,719 
 
 11,130 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 18 
 
 6,806 
 
 19,127 
 
 25,933 
 
 26,134 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 21 
 
 7,297 
 
 8,541 
 
 15,838 
 
 16,116 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 22 
 
 8,019 
 
 2,708 
 
 10,727 
 
 12,413 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 22 
 
 8,631 
 
 3,680 
 
 12,311 
 
 12,686 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 23 
 
 7,652 
 
 2,627 
 
 10,279 
 
 11,857 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 23 
 
 7,653 
 
 2,790 
 
 10,443 
 
 10,945 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 22 
 
 7,725 
 
 2,642 
 
 10,367 
 
 11,117 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 22 
 
 8,099 
 
 2,702 
 
 10,801 
 
 11,590 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 22 
 
 7,907 
 
 2,727 
 
 10,634 
 
 11,947 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 22 
 
 8,374 
 
 3,108 
 
 11,482 
 
 13,057 
 
 1915 .. 
 
 22 
 
 4,380 
 
 6,362 
 
 10,742 
 
 7,853 
 
 1916 .. 
 
 10 
 
 51 
 
 1,170 
 
 1,221 
 
 1,303 
 
 (B) Harbour Trusts. 
 
 1. General. Up to 1915 three Harbour Trusts had been constituted, each with a 
 Board of Trustees. These Trusts exercise in their respective districts the same powers 
 as are vested in Marine Boards. 
 
 2. Leven Harbour Trust Act 1901. The Board of this Trust consists of five Trustees, 
 who are elected from among land-holders in the same manner as Trustees of Road 
 Districts (see page 118). 
 
 The Trustees were empowered to borrow 17,250 from Government, and to levy a 
 rate not exceeding one shilling in the pound on the rateable land within their jurisdiction. 
 Before borrowing, a poll of the owners of properties had to be taken in order to decide 
 whether the proposed harbour works were to be constructed. This poll was to be 
 carried out as specified in the provisions of the Rural Voting Act 1884. 
 
222 
 
 HARBOUR TRUSTS AND MARINE BOARDS. 
 
 An amendment to the Act in 1902 provided that if the District by a majority of three-" 
 fourths of the votes decided in favour of constructing the works at a cost not exceeding 
 19,500, and that a shilling rate, together with one-half of the annual revenue from the 
 port of Leven, would be sufficient to pay interest and sinking fund, the Government 
 could grant permission for the works to be constructed and advance the sum of 19,500 
 on loan. 
 
 3. Smithton Harbour Trust Act 1909. Under this Act five male resident land-holders 
 are to form the Board, and be elected by the land-owners in the District under the pro- 
 visions prescribed in the Local Government Act 1906. In 1913 an amendment to the 
 Act provided for occupiers as well as owners voting for Trustees, and fixed the maximum 
 rate at one shilling in the pound of the rateable value. 
 
 4. North-Eastern Harbour Trust Act 1913. This Trust, which includes the Bridport 
 District, is composed also of five Trustees, elected by owners and occupiers, with the 
 same scale of votes as provided in the Local Government Act 1906. 
 
 5. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following table are given the revenue, 
 expenditure, and outstanding loans of Harbour Trusts from 1909 to 1916 : 
 
 TASMANIA. HARBOUR TRUSTS. REVENUE, EXPENDITURE, AND OUTSTANDING 
 
 LOANS, 1909 TO 1916. 
 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 
 
 Number 
 
 
 
 Out- 
 
 Year. 
 
 of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 standing 
 
 
 Trusts. 
 
 Taxes, 
 
 Grants 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Loans. 
 
 
 
 Dues, 
 
 and 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Interest. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 Ac. 
 
 Loans. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1909 
 
 1 
 
 520 
 
 4,000 
 
 16 
 
 4,536 
 
 504 
 
 4,087 
 
 4,591 
 
 10,900 
 
 1910 
 
 2 
 
 720 
 
 4,400 
 
 64 
 
 5,184 
 
 654 
 
 4,281 
 
 4,935 
 
 19,000 
 
 1911 
 
 2 
 
 933 
 
 3,000 
 
 35 
 
 3,968 
 
 872 
 
 3,361 
 
 4,'233 
 
 22,500 
 
 1912 
 
 2 
 
 1,016 
 
 1,010 
 
 61 
 
 2,087 
 
 
 1,232 
 
 1,232 
 
 23,700 
 
 1913 
 
 2 
 
 1,182 
 
 1,000 
 
 202 
 
 2,384 
 
 
 3,454 
 
 3,454 
 
 23,700 
 
 1914 
 
 2 
 
 1,381 
 
 2,224 
 
 211 
 
 3,816 
 
 1,366 
 
 2,543 
 
 3,909 
 
 25,724 
 
 1915 
 
 2 
 
 . 1,266 
 
 2,736 
 
 34 
 
 4,036 
 
 408 
 
 3,188 
 
 3,596 
 
 28,994 
 
 1916 
 
 2 
 
 2,918 
 
 2,159 
 
 
 5,077 
 
 2,297 
 
 2,121 
 
 4,418 
 
 28,994 
 
 SECTION V. 
 FIRE BRIGADES BOARDS. 
 
 1. New South Wales. 
 
 1. Fire Brigades Act 1884. This Act only applied to the metropolitan area of Sydney. 
 It provided for a Fire Brigades Board, composed of six members, appointed for two 
 years. One member was nominated by the Governor, one elected by the City Council, 
 one by the Councils of certain scheduled Municipalities, one by volunteer fire brigade 
 companies, and two by insurance companies. The superintendent was appointed by the 
 Governor, and the cost of plant defrayed from the Consolidated Revenue. The cost of 
 maintenance and working was to be defrayed by contributions of one-third each from 
 the Consolidated Revenue, from insurance companies, and from Municipalities, including 
 that of Sydney. In the case of Municipalities a portion of the rates could be utilized 
 for the payment of contributions. All volunteer brigades within the metropolitan area 
 were to be registered. The Governor had power to extend the provisions of the Act 
 to any Municipality, under which circumstances a Board was formed comprising 
 the Mayor of the Municipality, one member appointed by Government, and one 
 appointed by insurance companies. This Act was consolidated in 1905, and when it was 
 repealed in 1909 there were, in addition to the Metropolitan Fire Brigades Board, 
 42 country Boards in existence. 
 
FIRE BRIGADES BOARDS. 
 
 223 
 
 2. Fire Brigades Act 1909. This Act repealed the previous Act and dissolved all 
 existing Fire Brigades Boards. A Board for the whole State, under the title of the Board 
 of Fire Commissioners for New South Wales was formed, comprising a President, appointed 
 permanently by the Government, and four members, one elected by the Sydney and 
 suburban Municipalities, one by country Municipalities, one by insurance companies, and 
 one by volunteer fire brigades. Fire Districts are established, and all property previously 
 belonging to Fire Brigades Boards at the time of the passing of the Act is vested in the 
 new Board. The chief officer is appointed by the Governor, and other officers by the 
 Board, which is authorized to establish and maintain fire brigades, purchase property, &c., 
 and obtain loans from the Treasury up to 100,000. The cost of maintenance of brigades 
 is to be defrayed in equal proportions by the Government, the Municipalities, and the 
 insurance companies. The expenditure must be so regulated that the proportion 
 which is payable by the Councils in a Fire District must not exceed the amount 
 obtainable from a farthing in the pound rate on the unimproved capital value of the 
 District. 
 
 3. Revenue and Expenditure. The following table shews the revenue and expenditure 
 of Fire Brigade Boards from 1888 to 1917 : 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. FIRE BRIGADES BOARDS. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1888 TO 1917. 
 
 
 He venue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 
 
 Subsidies 
 
 f r\ 
 
 Salaries 
 
 
 Plant, 
 
 Elec- 
 
 
 
 
 Sub- 
 sidles 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 to 
 
 Volun- 
 
 4-rioT* 
 
 of 
 Perma- 
 
 Buildings 
 and 
 
 Stores, 
 and 
 
 trical 
 Work, 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 tccr 
 Com- 
 panies. 
 
 nent 
 Officers. 
 
 Repairs. 
 
 Clothing 
 
 Horses, 
 <fec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1888 
 
 
 
 11,033 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 10,892 
 
 1889 
 
 
 
 11,068 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . 
 
 . , 
 
 
 10,896 
 
 1890 
 
 
 
 11,951 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 
 12,211 
 
 1891 
 
 
 
 12,058 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 11,789 
 
 1892 
 
 
 
 14,302 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 , . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 15,016 
 
 1893* 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1894 
 
 16,483 
 
 831 
 
 17,314 
 
 2,762 
 
 8,iis 
 
 1,342 
 
 i.sie 
 
 1,340 
 
 2,027 
 
 17,400 
 
 1895 
 
 17,853 
 
 929 
 
 18,782 
 
 2,779 
 
 8,809 
 
 1,575 
 
 2,656 
 
 1,268 
 
 2,116 
 
 19,203 
 
 1896 
 
 18,858 
 
 1,084 
 
 19,942 
 
 2,567 
 
 9,730 
 
 1,108 
 
 2,903 
 
 1,606 
 
 2,389 
 
 20,303 
 
 1897 
 
 19,756 
 
 1,121 
 
 20,877 
 
 2,380 
 
 10,566 
 
 1,890 
 
 2,219 
 
 1,290 
 
 2,532 
 
 20,877 
 
 1898 
 
 19,870 
 
 1,379 
 
 21,249 
 
 2,603 
 
 11,007 
 
 1,290 
 
 2,483 
 
 1,335 
 
 2,573 
 
 21,291 
 
 1899 
 
 23,825 
 
 4,540 
 
 28,365 
 
 2,612 
 
 12,809 
 
 5,068 
 
 3,102 
 
 1,491 
 
 3,188 
 
 28,270 
 
 1900 
 
 25,322 
 
 1,814 
 
 27,136 
 
 2,824 
 
 13,712 
 
 5,666 
 
 3,565 
 
 1,863 
 
 2,755 
 
 30,385 
 
 1901 
 
 27,972 
 
 4,844 
 
 32,816 
 
 2,819 
 
 15,945 
 
 3,030 
 
 3,522 
 
 2,044 
 
 4,013 
 
 31,373 
 
 1902 
 
 30,716 
 
 1,981 
 
 32,697 
 
 2,474 
 
 17,830 
 
 1,349 
 
 6,156 
 
 4,326 
 
 4,993 
 
 37,128 
 
 1903 
 
 45,623 
 
 2,498 
 
 48,121 
 
 2,586 
 
 20,693 
 
 1,993 
 
 6,148 
 
 4,072 
 
 6,563 
 
 42,055 
 
 1904 
 
 41,942 
 
 3,293 
 
 45,235 
 
 2,552 
 
 23,353 
 
 1,545 
 
 6,214 
 
 3,560 
 
 8,011 
 
 45,235 
 
 1905 
 
 42,747 
 
 6,395 
 
 49,142 
 
 3,646 
 
 23,873 
 
 642 
 
 6,424 
 
 3,758 
 
 10,799 
 
 49,142 
 
 1906 
 
 44,545 
 
 6,959 
 
 51,504 
 
 3,770 
 
 27,040 
 
 275 
 
 8,507 
 
 4,479 
 
 7,433 
 
 51,504 
 
 1907 
 
 46,996 
 
 3,197 
 
 50,193 
 
 3,955 
 
 27,879 
 
 775 
 
 6,346 
 
 4,360 
 
 6,878 
 
 50,193 
 
 1908 
 
 52,575 
 
 6,821 
 
 59,396 
 
 2,590 
 
 31,781 
 
 624 
 
 9,678 
 
 5,577 
 
 9,146 
 
 59,396 
 
 1909 
 
 57,412 
 
 5,034 
 
 62,446 
 
 3,084 
 
 33,736 
 
 1,147 
 
 8,662 
 
 5,631 
 
 10,186 
 
 62,446 
 
 1910 
 
 98,366 
 
 2,074 
 
 100,440 
 
 8,043 
 
 40,091 
 
 4,138 
 
 8,322 
 
 6,572 
 
 14,323 
 
 81,489 
 
 1911 
 
 91,392 
 
 1,768 
 
 93,160 
 
 8,762 
 
 41,774 
 
 1,461 
 
 7,611 
 
 6,801 
 
 19,872 
 
 86,281 
 
 1912 
 
 91,157 
 
 3,925 
 
 95,082 
 
 9,206 
 
 51,773 
 
 1,633 
 
 6,563 
 
 5,046 
 
 16,233 
 
 90,454 
 
 1913 
 
 111,645 
 
 2,536 
 
 114,181 
 
 10,051 
 
 55,311 
 
 4,519 
 
 10,782 
 
 6,809 
 
 23,158 
 
 110,630 
 
 1914 
 
 124,686 
 
 2,639 
 
 127,325 
 
 9,732 
 
 61,769 
 
 4,949 
 
 11,825 
 
 6,968 
 
 33,357 
 
 128,600 
 
 1915 
 
 124,111 
 
 2,673 
 
 126,784 
 
 10,124 
 
 64,274 
 
 7,099 
 
 9,320 
 
 7,791 
 
 33,572 
 
 132,180 
 
 1916 
 
 124,765 
 
 2,915 
 
 127,680 
 
 9,516 
 
 66,901 
 
 5,959 
 
 4,505 
 
 6,879 
 
 37,530 
 
 131,290 
 
 1917 
 
 143,743 
 
 6,200 
 
 149,943 
 
 9,672 
 
 74,295 
 
 6,651 
 
 6,212 
 
 5,532 
 
 43,830 
 
 146,192 
 
 * Not available. 
 
224 
 
 FIRE BRIGADES BOARDS 
 
 2. Victoria. 
 
 1. General. Under the Fire. Brigades Act 1890 a metropolitan and nine country 
 fire districts were established ; the former being placed under the control of the Metro- 
 politan Fire Brigades Board, and the latter under the control of the Country Fire 
 Brigades Board. Each Board is authorized to purchase engines and other plant, form 
 brigades, and appoint officers and members of permanent brigades. The appointment 
 of the principal officer of any volunteer fire brigade must be approved by the Board. 
 The income of each Board is derived as to one-third from the Treasury, one-third from 
 Municipalities, and one-third from insurance companies ; and Boards may, with the 
 consent of the Governor, borrow money. In 1891 the borrowing power of each Board 
 was limited to 100,000. 
 
 The Act was consolidated in 1915. 
 
 2. The Metropolitan Fire Brigades Board. This Board is composed of nine members, 
 of whom three are appointed by the Governor in Council, three by Municipal Councils, 
 and three by insurance companies. The metropolitan fire district originally comprised 
 the area included in the several Municipalities within a radius of 10 miles from the 
 Melbourne General Post Office, but has since been extended so as to include the greater 
 part of the Shire of Moorabbin, and also the Township of Mordialloc. In addition to the 
 borrowing powers conferred by the Act of 1891, the Metropolitan Board was authorized 
 to borrow further sums of 30,000 in 1893 and 100,000 in 1914. 
 
 3. Revenue 'and Expenditure. In the following table are shewn the revenue and 
 expenditure of the Metropolitan Fire Brigades Board for the years 1893 to 1917 : 
 
 VICTORIA. METROPOLITAN FIRE BRIGADES BOARD, REVENUE AND 
 EXPENDITURE, 1893 TO 1917. 
 
 
 
 
 Loan 
 
 
 Ordinary Revenue. 
 
 Ordinary Expenditure. 
 
 Expendi- 
 
 
 
 
 ture. 
 
 Year 
 
 
 
 
 ending 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "2 
 
 
 
 
 
 31st 
 
 
 fcj 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 (9 
 eg 
 
 * 
 
 B 
 
 
 
 Decem- 
 
 
 
 i . 
 
 
 "o "S 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 ber. 
 
 ^ 
 
 "8" 
 
 ** o> 
 
 
 /. : 
 
 .2 oT 
 
 1 i 
 
 to > 
 
 
 
 Land and 
 
 
 o o 
 
 f| 
 
 5'E 
 
 11 
 
 1 I 02 
 
 3 
 
 i 
 
 III 
 
 Iff 
 
 
 -2 31 
 
 II 
 
 i 
 
 Buildings. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1893 .. 
 
 29,452 
 
 765 
 
 2,472 
 
 32,689 
 
 11,043 
 
 11,087 
 
 2,241 
 
 5,789 
 
 401 
 
 30,561 
 
 84,358 
 
 1894 .. 
 
 23,334 
 
 709 
 
 2,286 
 
 26,329 
 
 11,616 
 
 8,223 
 
 1,787 
 
 8,140 
 
 100 
 
 29,866 
 
 8,529 
 
 1895 .. 
 
 29,814 
 
 541 
 
 1,940 
 
 32,295 
 
 11,669 
 
 7,622 
 
 2,182 
 
 8,109 
 
 33 
 
 29,615 
 
 3,924 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 27,001 
 
 423 
 
 1,270 
 
 28,694 
 
 11,679 
 
 7,208 
 
 1,785 
 
 8,203 
 
 107 
 
 28,982 
 
 802 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 27,450 
 
 485 
 
 1,248 
 
 29,183 
 
 12,422 
 
 5,962 
 
 1,542 
 
 8,114 
 
 1,203 
 
 29,243 
 
 17 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 30,679 
 
 591 
 
 2,656 
 
 33,926 
 
 14,028 
 
 6,845 
 
 1,810 
 
 8,085 
 
 163 
 
 30,931 
 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 31,287 
 
 682 
 
 1 589 
 
 33,558 
 
 15,526 
 
 7,994 
 
 2,075 
 
 8,066 
 
 249 
 
 33,910 
 
 1,533 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 34,611 
 
 815 
 
 1,665 
 
 37,091 
 
 16,420 
 
 8,844 
 
 5,555 
 
 8,071 
 
 310 
 
 39,200 
 
 1,609 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 37,083 
 
 1,344 
 
 2,244 
 
 40,671 
 
 18,852 
 
 9,557 
 
 2,938 
 
 8,087 
 
 446 
 
 39,880 
 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 37,921 
 
 2,062 
 
 1.926 
 
 41,909 
 
 19,772 
 
 9,738 
 
 1,162 
 
 8,051 
 
 587 
 
 39,310 
 
 
 1903 .. 
 
 38,153 
 
 727 
 
 4,561 
 
 43.441 
 
 20,002 
 
 8,738 
 
 3,344 
 
 8,101 
 
 1,721 
 
 41,906 
 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 37,864 
 
 692 
 
 2,804 
 
 41,360 
 
 20,002 
 
 6,993 
 
 2,650 
 
 8,057 
 
 4,082 
 
 41,784 
 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 37,981 
 
 754 
 
 3,371 
 
 42,106 
 
 21,002 
 
 8,962 
 
 2,773 
 
 8,103 
 
 1,629 
 
 42,469 
 
 "405 
 
 1906 .. 
 
 39,884 
 
 551 
 
 3,069 
 
 43,504 
 
 22,136 
 
 6,963 
 
 4,555 
 
 7,752 
 
 4,060 
 
 45,466 
 
 3,250 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 40,788 
 
 1,336 
 
 3,101 
 
 45,225 
 
 23,308 
 
 .8,439 
 
 2,900 
 
 8,448 
 
 2,623 
 
 45,718 
 
 2,623 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 50.674 
 
 2,833 
 
 2.483 
 
 55,990 
 
 25,513 
 
 10,029 
 
 8,048 
 
 8,467 
 
 4,592 
 
 56,649 
 
 244 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 51,518 
 
 2,908 
 
 1,580 
 
 56,006 
 
 27,805 
 
 12,708 
 
 3,857 
 
 7,781 
 
 4,014 
 
 56,165 
 
 3,203 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 56,497 
 
 3,226 
 
 2,078 
 
 61,801 
 
 29,922 
 
 15,652 
 
 4,874 
 
 7,838 
 
 2,126 
 
 60,412 
 
 155 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 56,993 
 
 3,106 
 
 2,884 
 
 62,983 
 
 33,920 
 
 13,937 
 
 2,955 
 
 7,806 
 
 4,377 
 
 62,995 
 
 72 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 63,775 
 
 5,172 
 
 2,025 
 
 70,972 
 
 40,462 
 
 17,097 
 
 5,594 
 
 7,995 
 
 4,455 
 
 75,603 
 
 417 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 66,238 
 
 5,941 
 
 3,669 
 
 75,848 
 
 42,058 
 
 16,824 
 
 2,195 
 
 8,358 
 
 2,752 
 
 72,187 
 
 14,796 
 
 1914 .. 
 1915 .. 
 
 68,433 
 77,794 
 
 8,241 
 6,634 
 
 1,380 
 9,957 
 
 78,054 
 94,385 
 
 45,143 
 46,640 
 
 20,095 
 24,615 
 
 2,043 
 2,464 
 
 9,432 
 11.573 
 
 2,656 
 4,527 
 
 79,369 
 89,819 
 
 19,373 
 
 28,808 
 
 1916 .. 
 1917 .. 
 
 86,771 
 
 82,422 
 
 7,595 
 5,589 
 
 4,110 
 1,419 
 
 98,476 
 89,430 
 
 48,903 
 50,975 
 
 23,235 
 20,723 
 
 3,580 
 4,445 
 
 13,397 
 13,171 
 
 4,460 
 3,858 
 
 93,575 
 93,172 
 
 14,711 
 5,209 
 
 4. The Country Fire Brigades Board. This Board is composed of nine members, three 
 of whom are appointed by the Governor hi Council, two by Municipalities, two by insurance 
 companies, and two by fire .brigades. Each country district has a local committee of 
 three members, one of whom is elected by Municipalities, one by the brigades, or, if there 
 be no brigade, by the Governor in Council, and one by insurance companies. The areas 
 of the country districts are scheduled in the Act. 
 
FIRE BRIGADES BOARDS. 
 
 225 
 
 5. Revenue and Expenditure. In the following table are given the revenue and 
 expenditure of the Country Fire Brigades Board for the years 1893 to 1917 : 
 
 VICTORIA. COUNTRY FIRE BRIGADES BOARD. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1893 TO 1917. 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year ending 
 31st 
 
 
 
 
 Salaries 
 
 Plant- 
 
 
 
 December. 
 
 Contribu- 
 tions. 
 
 Interest 
 and 
 Sundries. 
 
 Total. 
 
 and 
 Adminis- 
 trative 
 
 Purchases, 
 Repairs, 
 and 
 
 Other 
 Expendi- 
 ture. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Charges. 
 
 Sundries. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1893 
 
 12,659 
 
 
 12,659 
 
 10,696 
 
 2,285 
 
 839 
 
 13,820 
 
 1894 
 
 10,673 
 
 
 10,673 
 
 9,516 
 
 ,857 
 
 533 
 
 11,906 
 
 1895 
 
 11,268 
 
 
 11,268 
 
 8,565 
 
 ,359 
 
 510 
 
 10,434 
 
 1896 
 
 9,208 
 
 . . 
 
 9,208 
 
 8,069 
 
 ,054 
 
 505 
 
 9,628 
 
 1897 
 
 10,769 
 
 
 10,769 
 
 8,801 
 
 804 
 
 500 
 
 10,105 
 
 1898 
 
 13,480 
 
 . . 
 
 13,480 
 
 11,530 
 
 ,254 
 
 550 
 
 13,334 
 
 1899 
 
 11,320 
 
 42 
 
 11,362 
 
 10,234 
 
 ,661 
 
 550 
 
 12,445 
 
 1900 
 
 12,241 
 
 109 
 
 12,350 
 
 9,892 
 
 ,407 
 
 550 
 
 11,849 
 
 1901 
 
 11,411 
 
 80 
 
 11,491 
 
 10,162 
 
 ,465 
 
 555 
 
 12,182 
 
 1902 
 
 11,359 
 
 28 
 
 11,387 
 
 9,391 
 
 ,704 
 
 500 
 
 11,595 
 
 1903 
 
 10,849 
 
 65 
 
 10,914 
 
 9,247 
 
 1,518 
 
 500 
 
 11,265 
 
 1904 
 
 11,010 
 
 10 
 
 11,020 
 
 8,251 
 
 1,655 
 
 500 
 
 10,406 
 
 1905 
 
 11,102 
 
 71 
 
 11,173 
 
 8,749 
 
 1,816 
 
 729 
 
 11,294 
 
 1906 
 
 11,053 
 
 11 
 
 11,064 
 
 8,897 
 
 1,962 
 
 500 
 
 11,359 
 
 1907 
 
 11,146 
 
 15 
 
 11,161 
 
 8,851 
 
 2,883 
 
 511 
 
 12,245 
 
 1908 
 
 14,917 
 
 79 
 
 14,996 
 
 11,262 
 
 1,430 
 
 500 
 
 13,192 
 
 1909 
 
 12,829 
 
 69 
 
 12,898 
 
 10,348 
 
 2,486 
 
 515 
 
 13,349 
 
 1910 
 
 12,878 
 
 63 
 
 12,941 
 
 9,816 
 
 2,067 
 
 574 
 
 12,457 
 
 1911 
 
 12,844 
 
 155 
 
 12,999 
 
 10,905 
 
 2,237 
 
 920 
 
 14,060 
 
 1912 
 
 14,431 
 
 84 
 
 14,515 
 
 11,600 
 
 2,568 
 
 691 
 
 14,859 
 
 1913 
 
 16,302 
 
 56 
 
 16,358 
 
 10,950 
 
 3,427 
 
 759 
 
 15,136 
 
 1914 
 
 16,603 
 
 96 
 
 16,699 
 
 12,534 
 
 3,141 
 
 886 
 
 16,561 
 
 1915 
 
 16,037 
 
 36 
 
 16,073 
 
 12,800 
 
 1,760 
 
 1,910 
 
 16,470 
 
 1916 
 
 15,444 
 
 92 
 
 15,536 
 
 12,416 
 
 2,423 
 
 373 
 
 15,212 
 
 1917 
 
 14,452 
 
 187 
 
 14,639 
 
 11,178 
 
 3,115 
 
 . 280 
 
 14,573 
 
 3. Queensland. 
 
 1. General. Various Acts have been passed respecting Fire Brigades, those in 1876 
 and 1881 being the most important. The following are their chief provisions. 
 
 2. Fire Brigades Act 1876. In towns where a fire brigade was supported by the 
 Municipal Council and insurance companies, or by voluntary contributions, the Governor 
 could issue a proclamation forming a Board, and could appoint a superintendent, who 
 was nominated by the majority of the members of the fire brigade. The Board consisted 
 of the Mayor of the town as ex officio member in cases where the Municipal Council 
 contributes to the funds of the brigade, one member appointed by the Governor, and one 
 by insurance companies. Parliament appropriated moneys for fire brigades, and con- 
 tributed an amount equal to that subscribed by fire insurance companies or Councils, 
 whichever was the least. If either the insurance companies or the Council contributed 
 twice the amount to that granted by Parliament that body was allowed an extra member 
 on the Board. 
 
 3. Fire Brigades Act 1881. On the recommendation of the Council of any Muni- 
 cipality the Governor could accept the services of a fire brigade and constitute it under 
 the Act. The Governor could appoint a superintendent and assistant superintendent, 
 but in the following year the Board was entrusted with such appointments. Fire Brigade 
 Boards were retained, and, where necessary, new ones created. The funds of a Board 
 were raised by equal contributions from the Municipal Council, fire insurance companies, 
 and the Treasury. The sum contributed by the Council must not be less than 2 per 
 cent., nor more than 8 per cent., of the total amount of the general rates received during 
 the year then past. 
 
 C. 7099. 8 
 
226 
 
 FIRE BRIGADES BOARDS. 
 
 An amendment of this Act made in 1882 provided that the Mayor be an ex officio 
 member of the Board, one other member be nominated annually by the Municipal 
 Council, two annually by fire insurance companies, and two annually by Government. 
 The Governor may appoint a fire brigade in towns where no brigade exists on the 
 recommendation of the Chairman of the Municipal Council. 
 
 4. Revenue and Expenditure. -In the following table are given the revenue and 
 expenditure of the various fire brigades for the years 1905 to 1917 : 
 
 QUEENSLAND. FIRE BRIGADES. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1905 TO 1917. 
 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Year. 
 
 timber 
 of 
 Brigades. 
 
 Contribu- 
 tions. 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Salaries 
 and 
 
 Buildings, 
 Repairs, 
 
 Plant, 
 Stores, 
 and 
 
 Tele- 
 phone, 
 Horses, 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wages. 
 
 &c. 
 
 Clothina. 
 
 &c. 
 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 2* 
 
 7,289 
 
 411 
 
 7,700 . 
 
 4,414 
 
 459 
 
 782 
 
 363 
 
 887 
 
 6,905 
 
 1906 . 
 
 18 
 
 11,463 
 
 570 
 
 12,033 
 
 6,146 
 
 1,168 
 
 1,617 
 
 639 
 
 2,085 
 
 11,655 
 
 1907 . 
 
 26 
 
 12,867 
 
 840 
 
 13,707 
 
 6,755 . 
 
 3,906 
 
 1,173 
 
 826 
 
 2,394 
 
 15,054 
 
 1908 . 
 
 25 
 
 13,077 
 
 3,035 
 
 16,112 
 
 6,950 
 
 5,904 
 
 2,638 
 
 746 
 
 2,407 
 
 18,6-1 : 
 
 1909 . 
 
 26 
 
 13,398 
 
 879 
 
 14,277 
 
 7,428 
 
 387 
 
 2,618 
 
 864 
 
 2,228 
 
 13,525 
 
 1910 . 
 
 26 
 
 13,903 
 
 1,884 
 
 15.787 
 
 7,823 
 
 451 
 
 2,608 
 
 768 
 
 2,419 
 
 14,069 
 
 1911 . 
 
 26 
 
 14,239 
 
 787 
 
 15.026 
 
 8,249 
 
 870 
 
 2,008 
 
 774 
 
 2,024 
 
 13,925 
 
 1912 . 
 
 26 
 
 17,260 
 
 592 
 
 17,852 
 
 9.058 
 
 627 
 
 3.334 
 
 743 
 
 2,757 
 
 16,519 
 
 1913 . 
 
 27 
 
 17,950 
 
 1,114 
 
 19,064 
 
 10,765 
 
 2,517 
 
 2',700 
 
 889 
 
 2,741 
 
 19,612 
 
 1914 . 
 
 26 
 
 21.851 
 
 917 
 
 22,768 
 
 11,678 
 
 754 
 
 2.760 
 
 811 
 
 3,968 
 
 19,971 
 
 1915 . 
 
 27 
 
 24,220 
 
 641 
 
 24,861 
 
 13,339 
 
 1,305 
 
 5,118 
 
 913 
 
 4,270 
 
 24,945 
 
 1916 . 
 
 29 
 
 25,947 
 
 619 
 
 26,566 
 
 14,873 
 
 491 
 
 4,501 
 
 851 
 
 4.447 
 
 25,163 
 
 1917 . 
 
 32 
 
 29,654 
 
 1,239 
 
 30,893 
 
 16,816 
 
 1,588 
 
 4,573 
 
 668 
 
 4.245 
 
 27,920 
 
 * Metropolitan Brigades only, 
 
 4. South Australia. 
 
 1. General. Several Acts and amendments have been passed from time to time 
 relating to Fire Brigades, the chief features of which are given in the following para- 
 graphs : 
 
 2. Fire Brigades Act 1862. The Governor was empowered to appoint a Superintendent 
 of Fire Brigades, and it was enacted that the expenses of a Brigade at a fire were to be 
 recoverable from the owner, occupier, and insurer of the premises burnt. 
 
 3. Fire Brigades Act 1867. The Governor could appoint as Superintendent of Fire 
 Brigades such fit and proper person as might be nominated by the majority of the 
 insurance companies operating in the City of Adelaide, or of their agents, provided that 
 such companies had made provision for an efficient Fire Brigade, and for the payment of 
 the Superintendent's salary. The expenses of a brigade at a fire were to be paid either 
 by the insurers or person taking the risk if the property were insured, or by the owner 
 or occupier if uninsured, and a scale of charges was fixed. 
 
 4. Fire Brigades Act 1883. This Act applied to the City of Adelaide, and to any 
 other place that the Governor might proclaim. A Central Board of seven members was 
 appointed by the Governor, of whom two were nominated by the Municipal Council of 
 Adelaide, and three by fire insurance companies. Local Fire Brigade Boards could also 
 be formed, consisting of the Mayor of the Corporation or Chairman of the District Council, 
 together with three other Councillors. The duty of these Boards, which were appointed 
 annually, was to take steps for the maintenance of fire brigades. The Superintendent was 
 appointed by the Board. ' The revenue was derived from three sources ; the Treasurer 
 paying two-sixths of the outlay, the Municipality one-sixth, and the insurance companies 
 three-sixths, but the amount contributed every quarter by the Treasurer was limited 
 to 1,000, and that by the Municipality to 500. The owner of an uninsured property 
 had to pay the expenses of the attendance of the brigade at a rate fixed by schedule. 
 All insurance companies were to be registered. 
 
 An amendment to this Act made during the same year reduced the number of 
 members of the Central Board, nominated by the Municipal Council of Adelaide, to one 
 
FIRE BRIGADES BOARDS. 227 
 
 and allowed the whole of the Local Fire Brigades Boards to nominate one member. 
 Each Local Board also had to pay quarterly one-sixth of the outlay laid out within the 
 limits of such Municipality or District Council, but not exceeding 500. 
 
 5. Fire Brigades Act 1890. The Board still consisted of seven members, appointed 
 by the' Governor, but a change was made in their nomination, one now being nominated 
 by the City Council and three by the insurance companies, until not less than three 
 other Municipalities within a radius of 12 miles of the Adelaide Post Office came under 
 the Act, when such Councils nominated one member and the insurance companies two. 
 The Board was authorized to borrow up to 5,000, and to establish Salvage Corps. The 
 Superintendent was still appointed by the Board, and volunteer brigades were to be 
 registered. Three-ninths of the contributions towards the expenses were defrayed by the 
 Treasury, four-ninths by insurance companies, and two -ninths by the Municipality of 
 Adelaide. For other Municipalities the proportions were the same. Municipalities, other 
 than Adelaide, were allowed to increase their rates to provide for fire brigades. 
 
 6. Fire Brigades Act 1904. The provisions of this Act were similar to those in the 
 preceding Act, except that the personnel and number of members of the Board were 
 altered ; there being now six members, appointed by the Governor, of whom one was 
 nominated by the Municipality of Adelaide, one by the other Municipalities subject to 
 the Act, and two by the contributing insurance companies. They were also appointed 
 for two years instead of one year as heretofore. In 1910 the borrowing powers of the 
 Board were increased from 5,000 to 25,000. 
 
 7. Fire Brigades Act 1913. The number of members of the Fire Brigades Board 
 was again altered, and reduced .to five, of whom one was appointed by the Governor, 
 one by the Council of the City of Adelaide, one by other Councils, and two by contributing 
 insurance companies. In all other respects no change was made in the provisions. 
 
 5. Western Australia. 
 
 1. General. The principal Acts relating to Fire Brigades in Western Australia are 
 three in number ; the first, passed in 1898, referred only to Perth and other Municipalities 
 as proclaimed ; the second, in 1909, did not apply to Municipalities under the 1898 
 Act ; and the last, passed in 1916, and brought into operation in April, 1917, applied 
 to the whole State. 
 
 2. Fire Brigades Act 1898. The provisions of this Act applied only to Perth, and 
 to such Municipalities as might be proclaimed from time to time. A Fire Brigades 
 Board was formed of seven members, elected annually, of whom three were nominated 
 by the Councils of the Municipalities to which the Act applied, three by contributing 
 insurance companies, and one by the Governor. The Board was empowered to maintain 
 brigades, establish salvage corps, appoint a superintendent, and borrow money. The 
 amount that could be borrowed was limited by the 1898 Act to 5,000, but in 1899 the 
 limit was rajsed to 10,000, and in 1905 the clause imposing a limit was repealed. The 
 revenue of the Board was derived from contributions from the Treasury, insurance 
 companies, and Municipalities, the former contributing one-ninth, and the two latter 
 four-ninths each. Any Municipal Council, other than that of Perth, could increase the 
 general rate by the amount necessary to pay their share of the contributions. 
 
 3. District Fire Brigades Act 1909. The provisions of this Act did not apply to 
 Perth, or any other Municipal District under the Act of 1898. A Western Australian 
 Fire Brigades Board was constituted, consisting of nine members, of whom two were 
 appointed by the Governor, three were elected by insurance companies, one by the 
 Municipal Councils of Coolgardie, Kalgoorlie, and Boulder, and the Council of the 
 Kalgoorlie Roads Board, one by other contributing Local Authorities, one by volunteer 
 fire brigades, and, if the Act within six months of its passing was on petition of the 
 Perth Council applied to that Municipality, then one by the Perth City Council. The 
 elective members held office for two years. 
 
 Two fire districts, the South-west and Central, were proclaimed, and the Governor 
 could also proclaim sub -districts, each with a Board of three, of whom one, the Chairman, 
 was elected by the Local Authority, one by insurance companies, and one by the brigades, 
 if any, otherwise by the Governor. 
 
 8* 
 
FIRE BRIGADES BOARDS. 
 
 The Board elected its own President and appointed the chief officer. All the property 
 in fire brigades was vested in the Board, and insurance companies had to pay the Board 
 one-third of the value of all property vested in the Board. The annual expenditure 
 was defrayed as to one quarter from the Treasury, three-eighths by insurance companies, 
 and three-eighths by the Local Authorities pro rata on the amount of general rates levied, 
 out of the annual general rate. The Board was empowered to borrow up to 5,000. 
 
 4. Fife Brigades Act 1916. Under this Act the former Acts were repealed, and the 
 two previous Fire Brigades Boards abolished, the Western Australian Fire Brigades 
 Board being appointed in their place. This Board consists of nine members, two 
 appointed by the Governor, of whom one is President, two appointed by insurance 
 companies, one elepted by the Council of the City of Perth, one elected by each of three 
 groups of Municipal and Road Districts as scheduled, and one by registered volunteer 
 fire brigades. 
 
 Local Committees, which are Committees of the Municipal Council or Road Board 
 of the Municipality or Road District/ constituted a fire district, are also formed. 
 
 All members of the Board are elected for two years. 
 
 The Board may purchase or acquire fire stations, engines, escapes, and other property, 
 create permanent or volunteer fire brigades, establish fire alarms, and establish or 
 contract for telephonic, telegraphic, or other means of communciation. THe Board's 
 proposals as to the class of brigade and method of fire protection are to be submitted 
 to the Local Authority for approval. 
 
 The Board appoints all officers and members of a permanent brigade, while the 
 appointment of members of a volunteer brigade must be approved of by the Board. 
 
 The expenditure is borne as to one-fourth by the Colonial Treasurer, and three - 
 eighths each by the Local Authorities and insurance companies. 
 
 A Local Authority may raise the amount of its contribution either by the levy of a 
 fire brigade rate or by increasing the annual general rate. 
 
 The Board may, with the consent of the Governor, borrow money by debentures. 
 
 5. Revenue, Expenditure, &c. In the following table are shewn the revenue and 
 expenditure incurred in connexion with fire brigades, together with the estimated value 
 of the land, buildings, and plant connected therewith, from 1896 to 1916 : 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. FIRE BRIGADES.--REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 
 
 1896 TO 1916. 
 
 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Estimated Value. 
 
 *Year 
 ending 
 
 "8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31st 
 
 M 2 
 
 Grants 
 
 
 
 Salaries, 
 
 Addi- 
 
 
 
 Land 
 
 
 December. 
 
 It 
 
 and 
 Contri- 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Fees, 
 and 
 
 tions 
 to 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 and 
 Build- 
 
 Plant. 
 
 
 s'C 
 
 butions. 
 
 
 
 Wages. 
 
 Plant. 
 
 
 
 ings. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 1896 .. 
 
 11 
 
 4,939 
 
 944 
 
 5,883 
 
 876 
 
 1,633 
 
 1,678 
 
 4,187 
 
 5,250 
 
 3,662 
 
 1897 .. 
 
 11 
 
 4,625 
 
 308 
 
 4,933 
 
 1,470 
 
 2,123 
 
 1,362 
 
 4,955 
 
 3,536 
 
 5,159 
 
 1898 .. 
 
 12 
 
 4,959 
 
 316 
 
 5,275 
 
 2,092 
 
 1,948 
 
 828 
 
 4,868 
 
 3,217 
 
 6,997 
 
 1899 .. 
 
 14 
 
 7,062 
 
 333 
 
 7,395 
 
 3,342 
 
 1,477 
 
 1,847 
 
 6,666 
 
 3,468 
 
 7,145 
 
 1900 .. 
 
 17 
 
 5,613 
 
 274 
 
 5,887 
 
 3,367 
 
 800 
 
 1,797 
 
 5,964 
 
 13,784 
 
 7,077 
 
 1901 .. 
 
 19 
 
 6,886 
 
 213 
 
 7,099 
 
 3,455 
 
 480 
 
 2,298 
 
 6,233 
 
 13,351 
 
 6,669 
 
 1902 .. 
 
 21 
 
 9,331 
 
 820 
 
 10,151 
 
 3,521 
 
 1,112 
 
 3,204 
 
 7,837 
 
 16,690 
 
 11,206 
 
 1903 . . 
 
 24 
 
 8,875 
 
 773 
 
 9,648 
 
 4,301 
 
 1,542 
 
 2,886 
 
 8,729 
 
 18,526 
 
 9,974 
 
 1904 .. 
 
 25 
 
 9,901 
 
 1,420 
 
 11,321 
 
 5,131 
 
 2,459 
 
 3,265 
 
 10,855 
 
 20,093 
 
 8,117 
 
 1905 .. 
 
 25 
 
 11,841 
 
 933 
 
 12,774 
 
 5,924 
 
 1,840 
 
 4,180 
 
 11,944 
 
 19,700 
 
 10,248 
 
 * Prior to 1910 the financial years of individual brigades did not end uniformly, but ranged from 3 1st 
 October to 31st December. 
 
FIRE BRIGADES BOARDS. 
 
 229 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. FIRE BRIGADES. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE 
 
 1896 TO 1916 continued. 
 
 
 
 Revenue. Expenditure. 
 
 1 1st i mated Value. 
 
 'Year 
 
 
 
 
 
 ending 
 
 *5 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31st 
 
 bj 
 
 Grants 
 
 
 
 Salaries, 
 
 Addi- 
 
 
 
 Land 
 
 
 December. 
 
 jj 
 
 and 
 Contri- 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Fees, 
 and 
 
 tions 
 to 
 
 Other. 
 
 Total. 
 
 and 
 Build- 
 
 1'laiit. 
 
 
 
 butions. 
 
 
 
 Wages. 
 
 Plant. 
 
 
 
 ings. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 190li .. 
 
 31 
 
 12,774 
 
 1,420. 
 
 14,194 
 
 7.HJ2 
 
 1,439 
 
 4,230 
 
 12,831 
 
 21,267 
 
 11,861 
 
 1907 .. 
 
 32 
 
 12,798 
 
 1,145 
 
 13,943 
 
 7,567 
 
 1,912 
 
 4,045 
 
 13,524 
 
 20,814 
 
 12,296 
 
 1908 .. 
 
 34 
 
 12,572 
 
 7,091 
 
 19,663 
 
 7,325 
 
 2,272 
 
 10,803 
 
 20,400 
 
 25,147 
 
 12,269 
 
 1909 .. 
 
 45 
 
 13,845 
 
 1,837 
 
 15,682 
 
 7. 41'.") 
 
 2267 
 
 5,766 
 
 15,458 
 
 25,617 
 
 12,832 
 
 1910 .. 
 
 54 
 
 21,991 
 
 4,467 
 
 26,458 
 
 9,952 
 
 5,664 
 
 10,652 
 
 26,268 
 
 t 
 
 t 
 
 1911 .. 
 
 48 
 
 25,163 
 
 5,509 
 
 30,672 
 
 14,933 
 
 4,436 
 
 12,280 
 
 31,649 
 
 t 
 
 t 
 
 1912 .. 
 
 48 
 
 29,377 
 
 672 
 
 30,049 
 
 16,395 
 
 1,188 
 
 11,624 
 
 29,207 
 
 27,670 
 
 14,054 
 
 1913 .. 
 
 46 
 
 30,114 
 
 156 
 
 30,270 
 
 17,270 
 
 1,986 
 
 11,275 
 
 30,531 
 
 37,950 
 
 19,105 
 
 1914 .. 
 
 44 
 
 29,087 
 
 794 
 
 29,881 
 
 18,311 
 
 738 
 
 10,923 
 
 29,972 
 
 48,175 
 
 24,547 
 
 1915 
 
 42 
 
 31,237 
 
 1,496 
 
 32,733 
 
 18,412 
 
 944 
 
 1 1 ? ooO 
 
 30,692 
 
 t 
 
 t 
 
 1916 '.'. 
 
 41 
 
 t 
 
 t 
 
 33,152 
 
 t 
 
 t 
 
 t 
 
 32,062 
 
 52,175 
 
 27,307 
 
 * Prior to 1910 the financial years of individual brigades did not end uniformly, but ranged from 31st 
 October to 31st December. 
 t Not available. 
 
 6. Tasmania. 
 
 1. Fire Brigades Act 1883. This Act applies to the City of Hobart and the suburbs 
 thereof within a radius of 3 miles from Wellington Bridge, and to the Town of Launceston 
 within a radius of 3 miles from the Post Office. For each locality a Board is constituted 
 consisting of one member appointed by the Governor, two members elected by the 
 Municipal Council, and two members by fire insurance companies. Of the four elected 
 members of each Board two retire annually. The duty of each Board is to establish 
 and maintain a fire brigade, together with engines and other appliances. The Governor, 
 on the nomination of any Board, may appoint a Superintendent for each District. The 
 expenditure of each Board is to be borne equally by the fire insurance companies insuring 
 property within the District, and by the Municipal Council, which latter may levy a 
 rate if the municipal fund is insufficient. Volunteer brigades may be registered. 
 
 2. Fire Brigades Act 1900. This Act extends the provisions of the former Act to 
 any Town, the Board of which has petitioned the Governor to do so. The Fire Brigade 
 Board for any Town is to consist of six members, two appointed by the Governor, two 
 elected by the Town Board, and two elected by fire insurance companies. The outlay 
 for expenses is contributed equally by the Colonial Treasurer, the Town Board, and the 
 fire insurance companies. A Town Board may increase the Town Rate by the amount 
 necessary if the Town Fund is insufficient. 
 
 In 1908 this Act was amended so as to extend to Municipal Councils in place of Town 
 Boards, and allowed a Municipality to contribute towards the expenses of fire brigades 
 either from the Municipal fund or from the proceeds of a special rate levied either on 
 the annual or capital value. 
 
 SECTION VI. 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 1. General. In the following pages are given a conspectus of the Acts at present 
 in force in Australia relating to Local Government, together with such Acts as relate 
 to duties and functions which may be imposed on a Local Authority. In the headings 
 relating to the Acts which apply to special subjects such as Dogs, Ferries, etc., only 
 those which have been passed expressly with reference to them are included, in other 
 cases the Local Government Acts of the various States apply. 
 
230 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 1. General. 
 (i) Names and Dates of 
 Acts 
 
 jocal Government Act 1906, 
 1908, 1915, 1916, 1917 
 Local Government (8hire Loans) 
 Act 1914 
 
 tocal Government Act 1915 
 lunicipal Loans Act 1915 
 Municipal Rates Recovery Act 
 1916 
 Rating on Unimproced Values 
 Act 1915 
 
 Local Authorities Act, 1902, 
 1903, 1905, 1910, 1912, 
 1913, 1917 
 ^ocal Works Loans Act 1880, 
 1898, 1899 
 
 (ii) Acts not to apply to 
 
 City of Sydney (Sydney Cor- 
 poration Act 1902) 
 
 Cities of Melbourne and Gee- 
 long (Incorporation of the 
 City of Melbourne Act 1842) 
 (Incorporation of the Toum 
 of Geelong Act 1849) 
 
 
 (iii) Areas into which 
 State is divided 
 
 Municipalities 
 Cities 
 Shires 
 
 Municipalities, classified as 
 Shires and Boroughs ; 
 Towns and Cities, deemed 
 to be Boroughs 
 
 Towns 
 Cities by Proclamation 
 Shires 
 
 (iv) Areas subdivided 
 into 
 
 Shires into Ridings 
 Municipalities into Wards 
 
 Shires into Ridings 
 Boroughs into Wards 
 
 Shires into Divisions 
 Cities and Towns into Wards 
 
 (v) Definition of Areas 
 
 Municipality. To have popu- 
 lation of at least 1,000, and 
 not to exceed 9 square 
 miles in area 
 Shire. Rest of State except 
 Western Division 
 City. Must not be a suburb, 
 and must have had during 
 previous five years not less 
 than 20,000 inhabitants, 
 and a revenue of not less 
 than 20,000 
 Urban Area. Governor may 
 proclaim portion of a Shire 
 an " Urban Area," when 
 Council of Shire has powers 
 of Municipality over such 
 area 
 
 Shire. Any area with rate- 
 able property yielding 
 1,500 on a Is. rate on 
 annual value 
 Borough. Area not over 9 
 square miles, population of 
 500 inhabitant householders 
 and revenue of 300 on 
 same rate 
 Township. Portion of Shire 
 not exceeding 3 square 
 miles, and more than 
 10 miles from Melbourne 
 Town. Revenue not less 
 than 10,000 
 City. Revenue not less than 
 20,000 
 
 Shire. Shires or Divisions 
 existing previous to or 
 constituted under the 1902 
 Act 
 Town. An existing Muni- 
 cipality other than existing 
 Shire previous to the 1902 
 Act, or a City or Town 
 constituted thereunder 
 
 (vi) Reconstitution of 
 Areas 
 
 Governor may () unite 
 areas ; (b) divide areas ; 
 (c) alter boundaries ; (d) 
 convert Shire into Muni- 
 cipality and vice versa ; 
 (e) unite parts of an Area ; 
 or (/) add land to Shire or 
 Municipality (except in 
 Western Division) 
 Governor shall divide Shires 
 into Ridings and may 
 divide Municipalities into 
 Wards, or alter or abolish 
 Wards 
 
 Governor may (a) unite 
 Boroughs ; (b) unite Muni- 
 cipalities ; (c) sever and 
 annex portions of Muni- 
 cipalities ; (d) annex out- 
 lying district to Muni- 
 cipality ; (e) subdivide 
 Municipality ; (/) alter 
 boundaries ; (g) abolish 
 subdivisions ; (h) alter 
 number of Councillors ; or 
 (i) alter name of Muni- 
 cipality 
 
 Governor may constitute 
 Shires and Towns, may 
 unite, divide, and abolish 
 Areas, or may alter boun- 
 daries 
 
 (vii) Notice of Reconsti 
 tution, &c., to be 
 given 
 
 Notice to be given in Gazette 
 and newspaper of alteration 
 abolition, or re-creation o 
 Divisions 
 
 Three months notice to be 
 published in Gazette, anc 
 three times in newspapers 
 
 Notice to be published in 
 Gazette and newspaper 
 
 (viii) Petitions in favou 
 of Constitution 
 Reconstitution, 
 &c. 
 
 For union of Areas or parts o 
 Area. One-third of rate 
 payers affected may de 
 mand a poll to be mad 
 within 30 days of notice 
 Petition in favour of division 
 into Wards to be signed by 
 Council or majority of rate 
 payers 
 Any Council, ratepayer, o 
 creditor may make written 
 representations on the sub 
 ject of proposed reconsti 
 tution 
 Municipality. Abolition o 
 Wards, 100 electors may 
 request Governor to remi 
 to poll 
 
 For constitution of Shire, to 
 be signed by 50 inhabit 
 ants ; for constitution o 
 Borough by 250. For 
 severance or annexation, by 
 majority of ratepayer 
 affected. For subdivision 
 or alteration of boundaries 
 by one-fourth of rate 
 payers. For annexation o 
 outlying District, alteration 
 of name of Municipality o 
 number of Councillors, de 
 claration of Borough, Town 
 or City, by Council. For 
 township, by 25 rate- 
 payers. Deposit of 20 
 required. No petition to 
 be made during April to 
 August 
 
 One-fifth ot the ratepayers 
 may petition for expression 
 of opinion. Each rate- 
 payer to have one vote 
 unless Minister directs other- 
 wise 
 
Co.XSl'KCTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 231 
 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Municipal Corporations Act 
 1890, 1896, 1903, 1909, 1912, 
 1914, 1915, 1918 
 District Councils Act 1914, 1918 
 District Councils and Corpora- 
 tions Subsidy Act 1890 
 Ijiml Value Assessment Act 1893 
 Hnwlx Acts 1884, 1892, 1915 
 
 Municipal Corporations Act 1906, 
 1911, 1912, 1915 
 Roads Act 1911, 1912, 1913, 1915 
 
 Local Government Act 1906, 1911, 
 1918 
 Main Roads Act 1884 
 Main Roads Maintenance Act 
 1918 
 
 
 
 Cities of Hobart and Launceston 
 (Hobart Corporation Act 1893) 
 (Launceston Corporation Act 
 1894) 
 
 Municipalities ' 
 Districts 
 
 Municipalities 
 Road Districts 
 
 Municipalities 
 
 Wards 
 
 Wards 
 
 Not less than three nor mo're than 
 five Wards as nearly as prac- 
 ticable of equal rateable value 
 
 Municipality. Revenue not less 
 than 300 from general rate 
 authorized under Act 
 District. Rateable property 
 capable of yielding not less 
 than 200 on a Is. rate 
 Townxhip. Any Government 
 Township, any land laid out 
 as a Township, and any Town 
 or Village containing at least 
 40 dwelling houses, the boun- 
 daries whereof are denned 
 
 District. Any area not included 
 in a Municipality proclaimed by 
 Governor 
 Town. Any land reserved as such 
 under Land Act 1898 
 Municipality. Rateable property 
 yielding not less than 750 upon 
 an annual rate 
 City. Population not less than 
 20,000, gross revenue not less 
 than 20,000 
 
 Governor appoints five Commis- 
 sioners to divide State into not 
 more than 60 Districts, and 
 each District into Wards. Any 
 Town under the Town Boards 
 Act may be included or ex- 
 cluded by the Commissioners 
 Toion. Rateable property cap- 
 able of yielding upon a Is. in 
 the 1 rate an annual revenue 
 of not less than 200 
 
 Governor may create new Dis- 
 tricts and Municipalities, may 
 alter boundaries, name Wards, 
 and may annex outlying Dis- 
 tricts, may subdivide, iVr. 
 
 Governor may constitute, divide, 
 unite, sever, &c.. Districts and 
 Municipalities. If revenue of 
 District is less than 150 Gover- 
 nor may abolish and include in 
 another District 
 
 Governor may unite, alter, 
 abolish, <tc., Municipalities on 
 receipt of petition, or, without 
 petition, may include a Town 
 in a Municipality, may add a 
 boundary road to a Muni- 
 cipality, and may increase or 
 reduce the number of Wards 
 
 Municipality. Petition pub- 
 lished for three consecutive 
 weeks in Gazette 
 District. Twice in Gazette and 
 newspaper 
 
 Notice to be published four 
 times in Gazette, and served 
 within seven days on every 
 Council or Board affected 
 
 Petitions to be advertised in 
 Gazette and newspaper 
 
 Petitions to be signed 
 Municipality. For new Muni- 
 cipality or alteration of 
 boundaries, by two-fifths of 
 ratepayers. For re arrange- 
 ment of Wards, by one-fifth 
 of ratepayers 
 District. For new District, 
 by 50 inhabitants with half 
 value of rateable property. 
 For severance, by majority 
 of ratepayers owning half 
 value of rateable property. 
 For alteration 01 name 
 or union, by Council. 
 For annexation of outlying 
 District, by Council or 
 majority of owners or 
 occupiers therein. For sub- 
 division of District or Ward 
 and for alteration of number 
 of Councillors, by Council 
 or one-fourth of ratepayers. 
 For alteration of boun- 
 daries, by at least one Coun- 
 cil 
 
 Petitions to be signed 
 Municipality. For new Muni- 
 cipality, by 50 prospective 
 ratepayers : for union of 
 Municipalities, by both Coun- 
 cils ; for alteration of boun- 
 daries or number of Council- 
 lors or name, or for declaration 
 of City, by Council ; for dis- 
 solution of Municipality, by 
 Council or maiority of rate- 
 payers ; for severanc e, by 
 majority of ratepayers, mini- 
 mum 20 ; for annexation of 
 outlying District, by Council 
 and majority of ratepayers 
 (at least twenty) : for division 
 into Wards, by one-third of 
 ratepayers 
 
 Petitions to be signed 
 For union, for alteration of 
 number of Councillors, or of 
 name, by Council ; for 
 alteration of boundaries of 
 Municipality or Ward, by 
 majority of ratepayers ; for 
 adjustment of boundaries, by 
 at least one Council ; for re- 
 subdivision, by one-fifth ol 
 electors ; for abolition of 
 Municipality or Wards, by 
 half the electors ; for con- 
 stitution of new Munici- 
 pality, by majority of owners 
 and occupiers 
 
232 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 1. General continued. 
 (ix) Petitions, <fec., 
 against Reconsti- 
 tution 
 
 Alteration of Ridings. Coun- 
 cil or person representing 
 50 electors to be heard 
 Abolition or Re-creation of 
 Divisions Council or pe^- 
 son representing 50 electors 
 to be heard ; 100 electors 
 may demand poll 
 
 Counter petition to be sent 
 in within one month signed 
 by equal or larger numbers 
 than those signing petition. 
 Deposit of 20 required 
 
 Council may and shall, when 
 directed by Minister, take 
 poll of ratepayers to decide 
 questions as to abolition of 
 boundaries and other 
 matters 
 
 (x) Proclamation of 
 Result of Petition 
 
 Notification in Gazette 
 
 Published in Gazette. No 
 order published during 
 June, July, or August 
 
 \ 
 
 Governor exercises power if 
 no sufficient cause shewn 
 within three months 
 
 2. Constitution of 
 Councils. 
 (i) Number of Council- 
 lors 
 
 M unicipality .~ Six to twelve 
 (except North Sydney, six 
 to fifteen) 
 United Municipalities. Thir- 
 teen to eighteen 
 Shire. Six to nine 
 
 Multiple of three, but not less 
 than six nor more than 
 24 
 
 City or Town. Not less than 
 six nor more than twelve 
 if subdivided ; if not, seven, 
 nine, or eleven 
 Brisbane. Fourteen 
 Shire. Not less than five nor 
 more than twelve, if sub- 
 divided ; if not, five, seven, 
 or nine 
 
 (ii) Number of Council- 
 lors in each Sub- 
 division 
 
 Municipality. Number of 
 Aldermen to each Ward 
 determined by Governor 
 Shire. Ridings to have equal 
 representation 
 
 Ridings and Wards, each 
 three 
 
 City or Town. For each 
 Ward, three 
 Brisbane. Two for each Ward 
 Shire. Not more than three 
 for each Division 
 
 (iii) Designation of 
 Members of Coun- 
 cil 
 
 Municipality. Aldermen 
 Shire. Councillors 
 
 Councillors 
 
 City or Town. Aldermen 
 Shire. Councillors 
 
 <iv) Designation of 
 Chairman of 
 Council 
 
 Municipality . Mayor 
 Shire. President 
 
 Borough. Mayor 
 Shire. President 
 
 City or Town. Mayor 
 Shire. Chairman 
 
 3. Qualifications and 
 Election of Councillors. 
 (i) Qualified Persons 
 
 Any male elector who has 
 paid his rates seven days 
 before nomination 
 
 Any person liable to be rated 
 in respect of property of 
 the rateable value of 20 at 
 the least 
 
 Any male natural-born or 
 naturalized ratepayer or 
 representative of corpora- 
 tion owning or occupying 
 rateable land, but only one 
 such representative is 
 eligible in respect of any 
 corporation 
 
 (ii) Any person is dis- 
 qualified who 
 
 () is a judge ; (b) is com- 
 pounding with his creditors ; 
 (c) is an uncertiflcated 
 bankrupt or insolvent ; 
 (d) has been convicted of 
 felony and has not served 
 his sentence ; (e) is under- 
 going a sentence of im- 
 prisonment ; (/) is of un- 
 sound mind ; (g) holds a 
 position of profit under the 
 Council ; (h) is interested 
 (other than as a shareholder 
 in a company of over 
 twenty persons) in any 
 contract with the Council 
 
 (a) is an uncertificated and 
 undischarged bankrupt or 
 insolvent ; (&) is attainted 
 of treason ; (c) has been 
 convicted of felony, perjury 
 or any infamous crime ; (d) 
 is of unsound mind ; (e) 
 holds an office or place of 
 profit under the Council ; 
 (/) participates in a con- 
 tract with the Council 
 (other than as a share- 
 holder in a company of 
 over 20 persons) 
 
 () participates in the profit 
 of a contract with the 
 Council ; (b) has his affairs 
 in liquidation or is an un- 
 discharged or uncertificated 
 bankrupt ; (cj is under- 
 going a sentence of im- 
 prisonment ; (d) is insane 
 
 (iii) A person is not 
 disqualified in 
 consequence of 
 being one who 
 
 Is interested in (a) the publi- 
 cation of advertisements for 
 Council ; (b) the supply by 
 the Council of water, gas, 
 coke, or electricity ; (c) the 
 performance by the Council 
 of any work in connexion 
 with footways, roads, or 
 sanitation ; (d) the per- 
 mission granted by Council 
 to occupy footways during 
 erection of buildings ; (e) 
 the security for damage to 
 footways or roadways ; (/) 
 any lease granted before his 
 election of land belonging 
 to Council 
 
 (a) is interested in a news- 
 paper in which Council 
 advertises ; (b) pays money 
 to Council under the Ver- 
 min Destruction Act ; (c) 
 rents hall for meetings, 
 Arc. ; (d) is member of a 
 club of over twenty persons 
 renting land, &c., from 
 Council for physical re- 
 creation ; (e) purchases pro- 
 ducts or goods manu- 
 factured by Council 
 
 Participates in a transaction 
 with the Council in respect 
 of (a) a lease, sale, or pur- 
 chase of land ; (b) an 
 agreement for a loan ; (c) 
 a contract entered into by 
 an incorporated company ; 
 (d) a contract for adver- 
 tising ; (e) sale of goods or 
 contract under 20 in value 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 233 
 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WKSTKKN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Counter petition to be sent in 
 within 21 days in Muni- 
 cipality, within six weeks in 
 District, Jn former original 
 petitioners have right to 
 reply within further 21 days 
 
 t 
 
 Municipality. Counter petition 
 to be sent in within one month 
 
 Counter petition signed by any 
 person to be sent in within six 
 weeks of publication in (htzeite. 
 Original petitioners may reply 
 within 21 days 
 
 Municipality. Not earlier than 
 nine weeks from first publica- 
 tion of petition, if there is a 
 counter petition, otherwise 
 four weeks 
 
 To be published in Gazette 
 
 Not earlier than twelve weeks 
 from publication of petition, if 
 there is a counter petition, 
 otherwise six weeks 
 
 Municipality. Mayor, and for 
 each Ward two Councillors. 
 Not less than three nor more 
 than six Aldermen after pro- 
 clamation 
 District. Not less than five nor 
 more than ten 
 
 Municipality. Population under 
 1,000, Mayor and six Councillors ; 
 1,000 and under 5,000, Mayor 
 and nine Councillors ; 5,000 and 
 over, Mayor and twelve Coun- 
 cillors, or three Councillors for 
 each Ward if more than four 
 Wards 
 District. Not less than five nor 
 more than eleven 
 
 Multiple of three, but not less 
 than six, nor more than fifteen 
 
 Municipality. For each Ward, 
 two 
 District. Number for each Ward 
 determined by Governor 
 
 Municipality. An equal number 
 in each. Ward. If population 
 over 5,000, three 
 District. Number for each Ward 
 determined by Governor 
 
 Three in each Ward 
 
 Councillors 
 
 Municipality. Councillors 
 District. Members 
 
 Councillors 
 
 Municipality. Mayor 
 District. Chairman 
 
 Municipality . M ayor 
 District . Cha irman 
 
 Warden 
 
 Municipality. Any quaJified 
 citizen 
 District. Any ratepayer of full 
 age 
 
 Municipality and District. Any 
 male natural-born or natural- 
 ized owner or occupier of rate- 
 able property 
 District. All rates must have been 
 paid by day of nomination 
 
 Any male elector who is resident 
 or has a place of business in 
 Municipality 
 
 Municipality. (a) is a minor ; 
 (b) was absent from the State 
 at the time of election, unless 
 he consented to act 
 Municipality and District. (a) 
 holds an office in the gift of 
 the Council ; (b) is interested 
 in a contract with the Coun- 
 cil ; (c) is an uncertificated 
 insolvent 
 District. (a) is a minister of 
 religion ; (b) is a stipendiary 
 magistrate 
 
 Municipality . () is a minister of 
 religion ; (b) has been convicted 
 of crirqe 
 Municipality and District. (a) is 
 an undischarged bankrupt ; (b) 
 is under composition with his 
 creditors : (c) is of unsound 
 mind ; (rf) holds an office of 
 profit under the Council ; (e) 
 participates in a contract with 
 the Council 
 District. Has been convicted for 
 an offence punishable by im- 
 prisonment of one year or over 
 
 (a) is engaged in a contract with 
 the Council ; (b) is counsel or 
 solicitor in prosecuting claim 
 against Council ; (c) is manager 
 or agent for person interested 
 in a contract with Council ; 
 (d) holds an office of profit 
 under Council ; (c) has his 
 affairs in liquidation ; (/) is an 
 undischarged bankrupt ; (g) 
 has been convicted of felony, 
 unless he has received free 
 pardon, or has undergone his 
 sentence ; (h) is undergoing a 
 sentence of imprisonment ; (i) 
 is insane 
 
 Municipality. Has a share in 
 the sale, lease, 01 purchase of 
 land with the Council 
 Municipality and District. (a) 
 is interested in advertising or 
 printing for the Council ; (b) 
 is a shareholder in a limited 
 liability company holding a 
 contract .with Council 
 District. (a) acts as Returning 
 Officer or Poll Clerk : (b) is 
 indebted to Council for wire 
 netting or seed wheat ; (c) is 
 lessee of a road ; (d) receives 
 payment for timber, &c., 
 taken by Council 
 
 (a) is bona fide selling goods or 
 doing work not on contract ; (b) 
 is renting hall, Arc., from Coun- 
 cil ; (c) is lessee of land from 
 Council ; (d) is interested in 
 newspaper advertising for Coun- 
 cil ; (e) is shareholder in a com- 
 pany with twenty shareholders 
 holding a contract with the 
 Council 
 
 (0) supplies water, light, or power 
 to Council ; (b) does work for 
 Council ; (c) leases, sells, or 
 purchases land from Council ; 
 (d) is under agreement for lease, 
 sale, or purchase of land from 
 Council ; (e) is under agree- 
 ment for loan ; (/) is interested 
 in contract entered into with 
 an incorporated company 
 
234 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 3. Qualifications and 
 Election of Councillors 
 continued, 
 (iv) Restrictions on 
 Councillor voting 
 or discussing, ii 
 interested 
 
 I 
 
 Councillor not to. vote on or 
 discuss any tender in which 
 he* or his partner or any ot 
 his relations are pecuniarily 
 interested, nor on appoint- 
 ment of self or any relative 
 to any position un lei 
 Council 
 Councillor not to vote on 
 opening of road, sub- 
 division of land, erection 
 of building, &c., if he is 
 solicitor or agent of appli- 
 cant, or is connected with 
 the matter 
 
 Councillor may not vote on 
 or discuss any matter in 
 which he or his partners 
 have any pecuniary interesl 
 
 Councillor may not vote or 
 discuss any matter in which 
 he or his partners are 
 pecuniarily interested 
 
 (v) Councillors elected 
 for period of 
 
 Three years 
 
 Three years 
 
 Three years 
 
 (vi) Frequency and 
 Bate of ordinary 
 Elections 
 
 Triennially on last Saturday 
 in January 
 If insufficient Councillors 
 elected, Governor may ap- 
 point persons to fill vacancies 
 
 Annually on fourth Thursday 
 in August 
 
 Annually, within the first 21 
 days of February 
 
 (vii) Extraordinary 
 Elections held 
 
 Within one month of occur- 
 rence of vacancy 
 President or Mayor within 
 fourteen days 
 
 Not less than twenty nor 
 more .than 25 days after 
 occurrence of vacancy 
 
 Ciiji or Town. Not less than 
 twenty nor nore than :;:> 
 days after occurrence of 
 vacancy 
 Shire. Not less than 30 nor 
 more than 50 days after 
 occurrence of vacancy 
 
 (viii) Extraordinary 
 vacancy not 
 filled up when 
 occurring 
 
 
 Within two months of annual 
 election if retiring Coun- 
 cillor was due for retire- 
 ment by rotation 
 
 City or Town. Within one 
 month of annual election 
 if previous occupant was 
 due for retirement 
 Shire. Within three months 
 of annual election 
 
 (ix) Acceptance of Office 
 
 
 If not effected within two 
 months seat declared vacant 
 except when engaged in 
 war service 
 
 
 (x) Allowances to Coun- 
 cillors 
 
 Reasonable expenses as dele- 
 gates to conferences, &c. 
 Municipality. Aldermen, no 
 allowances 
 Shire. Actual travelling ex- 
 penses.- or 6d. per mile ; 
 subsistence not to exceed 
 6d. per hour. 
 
 
 Shire. Council may make 
 by-law prescribing payment 
 of expenses in attending 
 meetings not exceeding 
 actual fares or 6d. per 
 mile one way. No Coun- 
 cillor to receive more than 
 20 in a year 
 
 (xi) Penalties 
 
 Acting when disqualified, 
 maximum 100. If con- 
 victed of holding place of 
 profit under Council or of 
 being interested in contract, 
 not less than 50, and dis- 
 qualification for seven years 
 
 Acting when disqualified, 
 maximum 50 for each 
 offence, except in case of 
 unsoundness of mind 
 Voting when self or partners 
 pecuniarily interested, 
 maximum 50 
 
 Acting when disqualified, 
 maximum 50 
 Voting or discussing when 
 pecuniarily interest ed. maxi- 
 mum 50 
 
 4. Qualification* and 
 Election of Chairman. 
 
 (i) Persons qualified 
 
 A'y Councillor 
 
 Any Councillor 
 
 Any Alderman or Councillor 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 235 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Munii-i/>nliti(. Councillor must 
 not vote if he is a shareholder 
 in company interested in 
 contract with Council 
 Dixtri,-'. Councillor must not 
 vote on question relating to 
 contract in which he is prr- 
 <onally interested, or with 
 company of which lie is a 
 member 
 
 Councillor must not vote on or 
 discuss any question in which 
 he is interested 
 
 Councillor must not vote when 
 pecuniarily interested 
 
 Two years 
 
 Three years 
 
 Three years 
 
 Murtii-i polity. Annually, on 
 first Saturday in December 
 Dixtrift. Annually, on first 
 Saturday in July 
 
 Municipality. Annually on fourth 
 Wednesday in November 
 District. Annually on second 
 Wednesday in April 
 
 Annually on fourth Thursday in 
 April 
 
 Not less than six nor more than 
 ten days after nomination 
 day 
 dominations not earlier than 
 seven nor later than fourteen 
 days (Municipality), or 21 
 days (District) after notice of 
 vacancy 
 If no election Council fills 
 vacancy 
 
 Municipality. Not less than 20 
 nor more than 25 days after 
 occurrence of vacancy 
 District. Within one month of 
 occurrence of vacancy 
 
 Extraordinary vacancy to be 
 advertised twice. If within 
 fourteen days seven electors 
 demand election, it is held ; 
 otherwise vacancy filled by 
 Councillors 
 
 Municipality. Within two 
 months of first of December 
 District. Between dates of 
 notice "of nomination day and 
 annual election 
 
 Municipality. Within two months 
 of annual election 
 District. Within three months of 
 annual election 
 
 Within two months of annual 
 election, except where Coun- 
 cillors fill vacancy 
 
 Compulsory, except on certain 
 specified persons 
 
 Municipality. To be made within 
 two months of election, other- 
 wise seat becomes vacant 
 
 Within 30 days after notice of 
 election. AH rates to be paid 
 
 Municipality. Council may pay 
 travelling expenses of Coun- 
 cillors engaged on special busi- 
 ness on written authority of 
 Council 
 District. Councillor may re- 
 ceive travelling expenses or 
 allowances authorized by re- 
 solution of Council, or fees for 
 attending meetings 
 
 District. With approval ol 
 Minister, reasonable expenses 01 
 one delegate to Roads Board 
 Conference 
 
 Actual travelling expenses on 
 Council business 
 
 Acting when disqualified 
 Municipality, 50 
 District, maximum 10 
 ^son-acceptance of office 
 Municipality, 25 
 District, maximum 10 
 Voting when interested 
 District, maximum 20 
 
 Acting when disqualified, maxi- 
 mum 20 
 Nomination of incapacitated per- 
 son, maximum 20 
 Voting or discussing when pecu 
 niarily interested, maximum 50 
 
 Acting when disqualified, maxi- 
 mum 50 
 Not accepting office, not exceed- 
 ing 10 ; certain persons ex- 
 cepted 
 Absence from three consecutive 
 meetings without leave, maxi- 
 mum 10 
 Resignation or Absence from 
 Municipality for two months 
 without leave, maximum 10 
 Voting when pecuniarily in- 
 terested, maximum 50 
 
 Municipality. Any Citizen who 
 has served one year as Mayor 
 Alderman, or Councillor in 
 some Municipality in Soutl 
 Australia 
 District. Any Councillor 
 
 Municipality. Any male natural 
 bora or natural ized owner o 
 occupier of rateable land 
 District. Any Councillor 
 
 Any Councillor 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 4. Qualifications and 
 Election of Chairman 
 continued. 
 
 (ii) Elected by 
 
 Councillors 
 If equal votes cast, lots drawn 
 If more than two candidates . 
 lowest candidate rejected 
 and fresh ballot held 
 
 Councillors. If equal votes 
 cast, lots drawn 
 
 Councillors 
 
 (iii) Date of Election 
 
 Annually, between first and 
 fifteenth days of February 
 In event of extraordinary 
 vacancy, new Chairman to 
 be elected within fourteen 
 days 
 
 On fourth day after result of 
 annual election declared, 
 meeting to be held at 10 
 a.m. 
 
 At first meeting of Council 
 after annual election 
 
 (iv) Proceedings in 
 event of Non- 
 election of Chair- 
 man 
 
 Governor appoints a Councillor 
 to be Chairman 
 
 Governor appoints one of the 
 Councillors, or if there is 
 no Council some other 
 person, to be Chairman 
 
 If no election within fourteen 
 days, Governor appoints a 
 Councillor to be Chairman 
 
 (v) Allowance to Chair- 
 man 
 
 Municipality. Determined 
 by Council 
 Shire. Determined by Coun- 
 cil ; maximum, 50 
 
 Not to exceed 3 per cent, of 
 the revenue of the Munici- 
 pality 
 
 Allowance granted from Local 
 Fund. Travelling expenses 
 to meetings same as Coun- 
 cillors 
 
 (vi) Penalties 
 
 Councillor failing to attend 
 meeting to elect Chairman ; 
 maximum, 2 
 
 
 
 5. Auditor*. 
 (i) Qualifications 
 
 i 
 
 Auditor must hold Certifi- 
 cate of Competency from 
 Local Government Clerks' 
 and Auditors' Examining 
 Committee 
 
 Auditor must hold Certifi- 
 cate of Competency from 
 the Municipal Auditors' 
 Board 
 
 Auditor must hold Certifi- 
 cate of Competency from 
 Local Auditors' Board, or 
 in connexion with technical 
 instruction by Department 
 of Public Instruction 
 
 (ii) How appointed 
 
 By Council 
 Fee for year not to be less 
 than 4 4s. 
 
 Two appointed by Governor 
 for each Municipality, also 
 two Inspectors of Municipal 
 Accounts 
 
 By Minister on recommenda- 
 tion of Auditor-General 
 
 (iii) Penalties 
 
 Breach of Ordinances or 
 regulations; maximum, 50 
 
 Councillor or Officer refusing 
 to produce books, Ac., for 
 Inspector : maximum, 50 
 and 5 a day 
 
 
 6. Retirement of Chair- 
 man and Councillors 
 
 (i) Retirement 
 
 Chairman. On the last day 
 of February in each year 
 Councillors. All retire on the 
 last Friday in January 
 every third year 
 
 Chairman. Annually on day 
 previous to first meeting of 
 Council after annual elec- 
 tion 
 Councillors. One-third, an- 
 nually, in rotation 
 
 Chairman . Annually 
 Councillors. Annually. In 
 divided areas, one in each 
 division ; in others, one- 
 third, or 2 out of 5. :: out 
 of 7 or 8, and 4 out of 10 or 
 11 
 
 (ii) Resignation 
 
 A Chairman or Councillor may 
 resign his office 
 
 Chairman and Councillors 
 may resign 
 
 Governor may remove Chair- 
 man for neglect of duty 
 Councillors may resign 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 237 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Munii-ipulity. Ratepayers 
 District. Councillors. If equal 
 votes cast, lots drawn 
 
 Municipaliti/. Ratepayers 
 District. Councillors. Two-thirds 
 must be present 
 
 Councillors. Preferential \oting 
 adopted 
 
 Municipality. On first Satur- 
 day in December 
 District. At first meeting of 
 Council after annual election 
 
 Municipality. On fourth Wednes- 
 day in November 
 District. At first meeting of 
 Council after annual election 
 
 At first meeting of Council after 
 annual election 
 
 Municipality. Supplementary 
 election held, otherwise Coun- 
 cil elects 
 District. Chairman can be 
 elected at a future meeting 
 
 
 If no election within fourteen 
 days, Governor appoints one 
 of the Councillors to be Chair- 
 man 
 
 Municipality. Fixed by Coun- 
 cil within ten days of election 
 District. Maximum, 50 ; to be 
 determined within one month 
 after election 
 
 
 Fixed by Council at first meet- 
 ing after general election, be- 
 fore election of Chairman 
 
 Non-acceptance by Chairman 
 of office ; absence without 
 leave for two months ; acting 
 when disqualified 
 Municipality. 50 
 District. Maximum, 10 
 
 Acting when disqualified ; maxi- 
 mum, 20 
 
 Non-acceptance by Chairman of 
 Office ; absence from Munici- 
 pality for two months without 
 leave ; resignation ; absence 
 from three consecutive meet- 
 ings ; maximum, 20 
 Acting when disqualified ; maxi- 
 mum, 50 
 
 Same as those for Councillor, 
 but need not be ratepayers 
 
 Municipaliti/. Name must be on 
 the Electoral Roll in force for 
 the time being 
 
 
 
 Two Auditors for every Muni- 
 cipality or District elected by 
 Ratepayers in same way and 
 at same time as Councillors. 
 One Auditor retires annually 
 
 Municipality. Two elected by 
 ratepayers ; one retires an- 
 nually. Government may also 
 appoint Inspectors of Municipal 
 Accounts 
 District. One by Minister ; one 
 annually by ratepayers 
 
 Accounts audited by Auditor - 
 General 
 
 Municipality. Absence from 
 Municipality for six months ; 
 non-acceptance of office, 25 
 Acting when disqualified : 
 Municipaliti/, 50; Dixtrirt. 
 maximum, 10 
 
 
 
 chairman. Annually. In 
 Municipality on 1st December 
 Municipality. One Councillor 
 in each Ward annually, on 
 1st December 
 District. Half Councillors an- 
 nually 
 
 Chairman. Annually 
 Municipality. One Councillor in 
 each Ward annually, or one- 
 third of all Councillors if no 
 Wards 
 District. One-third of Councillors 
 annually on second Wednesday 
 in April 
 
 Chairman. Annually at end of 
 year 
 Councillors. One-third retire 
 annually in rotation 
 
 Munifijttilit/i. Resignation, 
 voluntary or otherwise, 
 penalty Chairman, 50 ; 
 Councillor, or Auditor, 25 
 District. Chairman may resign 
 at any time. Councillor re- 
 signing without leave, penalty 
 not exceeding 10 
 
 Chairman and Councillors may 
 resign 
 
 Resignation with consent of 
 Council permitted ; otherwise 
 penalty not exceeding 10, 
 with certain persons exempted 
 
238 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 6. Retirement of Chair- 
 
 
 
 
 man and Councillors 
 
 
 
 
 continued. 
 
 
 
 
 (iii) Vacation of Office 
 caused by 
 
 (a) Resignation ; (b) absence 
 without leave from meet- 
 
 (a) Resignation ; (b) absence 
 without leave for four con- 
 
 (a) Disqualification ; (6) ab- 
 sence without leave for 
 
 
 ings for three consecutive 
 
 secutive meetings ; (c) fail- 
 
 four (in Town) or three (in 
 
 
 months ; (c) disqualifica- 
 tion ; (d) ouster from office 
 
 ure to sign declaration ; 
 (d) death; (e) incapa- 
 
 Shire) consecutive ordinary 
 meetings, extending over a 
 
 
 
 bility ; (/) disqualification ; 
 
 period of three months at 
 
 
 
 (g) ouster from office 
 
 least : (c) ouster from 
 
 
 
 Chairman. (a) Ceasing to be 
 
 office 
 
 
 
 Councillor ; (b) resigna- 
 
 Governor on petition of one- 
 
 
 
 tion ; (c) ouster from office 
 
 fifth of ratepayers may dis- 
 
 
 
 
 solve Council 
 
 
 
 
 Chairman may be removed 
 
 
 
 
 by Governor 
 
 (iv) Ouster from Office 
 
 Upon affidavit within three 
 months Supreme Court or 
 
 Upon affidavit to Supreme 
 Court within four months 
 
 Upon application of five 
 ratepayers to Supreme 
 
 
 District Court or Court of 
 
 and deposit of 20 
 
 Court within four months 
 
 
 Petty Sessions makes order 
 
 
 and deposit of 20 
 
 7. Electors. 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 (i) Qualifications 
 
 A natural-born or naturalized 
 British subject, 21 years of 
 
 Every person (except un- 
 naturalized Chinese) who, 
 
 Every natural-born or natu- 
 ralized person, of the age 
 
 
 age and upwards, occupier 
 or owner, who (a) has three 
 
 on the tenth of June, is 
 21 years of age and liable 
 
 of 21, whose name appears 
 on the Rate Book, provided 
 
 
 months previously been 
 
 to be rated oh an annual 
 
 that rates are paid by 31st 
 
 
 tenant or owner of rateable 
 
 value of 5 and upwards, 
 
 December, when election 
 
 
 land of annual unimproved 
 value of 5 at least ; (b) is 
 
 and who has paid rates 
 three months before day of 
 
 is held in February, or 
 fourteen days before nomi- 
 
 
 Manager, Secretary, or 
 
 election 
 
 nation day in case of an 
 
 
 Director of Public Com- 
 
 
 extraordinary election 
 
 
 pany owning or occupying 
 
 
 
 
 rateable land ; (c) occupies 
 land under Miner's Right 
 
 
 
 
 or Business Licence ; (d) is 
 
 
 
 
 a share farmer ; (e) occupies 
 
 
 
 
 and rents Crown land 
 
 
 
 (ii) Enrolment in more 
 than one Subdi- 
 
 Owner enrolled for each sub- 
 division in which he has 
 
 Ratepayers enrolled in each 
 subdivision in which they 
 
 Electors enrolled in each sub- 
 division in which they have 
 
 vision 
 
 property. Occupier enrolled 
 
 have property 
 
 property 
 
 
 only in one subdivision 
 
 
 
 (iii) Number of Votes 
 
 One for each Candidate 
 
 If the value of rateable 
 
 If land has a rateable value 
 
 held by each 
 
 
 property is 
 
 of 
 
 Elector 
 
 
 In Borough 
 
 Less than 500, one vote 
 
 
 
 Less than 50, one vote 
 
 500 and under 1,000, 
 
 
 
 50 and under 100, 
 
 two votes 
 
 
 
 two votes 
 
 1,000 and over, three 
 
 
 
 100 and over, three 
 
 votes 
 
 
 
 votes 
 
 
 
 
 In Shire 
 
 
 
 
 Less than 25, one vote 
 
 
 
 
 25 and under 75, 
 
 
 
 
 two votes 
 
 
 
 
 75 and over, three 
 
 
 
 
 votes 
 
 
 (iv) Joint Occupiers or 
 Owners 
 
 Joint occupiers, choose one 
 to vote 
 Joint owners and lessees, each 
 has one vote 
 
 Each person up to three has 
 a vote 
 
 Each occupier or owner has a 
 vote, but total number of 
 votes must not exceed those 
 to which a single owner or 
 occupier would be entitled 
 
 (v) Companies 
 
 Representative nominated by 
 Directors or Trustees 
 
 Representative appointed by 
 Company before 10th June 
 
 Secretary, Local Manager, 
 Chairman, or Director to be 
 enrolled 
 
CONSPECTUS OK ACTS. 
 <;<>VKRNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA cont inued. 
 
 239 
 
 S.HTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WESTKRN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 (a) Death ; (6) lunacy ; (c) in- 
 solvency or composition with 
 creditors for less than 20s. in 
 the 1: ('/) absence for three 
 consecutive meetings without 
 leave; (?) disqualification; 
 (/) ouster ; (.'/) non-accept- 
 ance of office 
 District. (a) Conviction for 
 felony ; (6) idiocy ; (c) resig- 
 nation accepted by Council 
 
 (n) Death ; (b) absence from 
 three consecutive meetings with- 
 out leave ; (c) ouster ; (d) dis- 
 qualification ; (e) resignation 
 
 () Disqualification ; (b) ab- 
 sence without leave from three 
 consecutive meetings over a 
 period of two mouths at least ; 
 (c) non-payment of rates for 
 six months ; (d) ouster 
 
 
 Upon application to Supreme 
 Court within two months, and 
 in case of Municipality, deposit 
 of 20 
 
 Upon affidavit to Supreme Court 
 within one month and deposit 
 of 20 
 
 Municipality. Any person (ex- 
 cept an alien) of full age, who, 
 on the first of October, is 
 <ciscd of or occupies rateable 
 property, and whose name is 
 inserted on the assessment 
 roll. All rates declared six 
 months previously must be 
 paid to entitle elector to vote 
 District. Any person, 21 years 
 of age, whose name appears 
 on the Voters' Roll 
 
 Municipality. Every natural- 
 born or naturalized subject, 21 
 years of age or over, who, on 
 the 1st of September, is occupier 
 or owner of rateable land and 
 whose rates are paid not later 
 than 1st October following 
 District. Any adult natural-born 
 or naturalized subject, who, on 
 the 13th of January, is occupier 
 or owner of rateable land 
 
 Every natural-born or natural- 
 ized subject, 21 years of age, 
 whose name appears as occu- 
 pier or owner of any property 
 within the Municipality on 
 the assessment roll 
 
 Electors enrolled in each sub- 
 division in which they have 
 property 
 
 Electors have vote in each Ward 
 in which they have property 
 
 Electors may vote in each Ward 
 in which they have property, 
 but the total number of votes 
 must not exceed six 
 
 For election of Councillor or 
 Mayor, one vote in each Ward 
 in which the elector has 
 property 
 At poll for consent to rate or 
 loan 
 Annual value 
 25 and under, one vote 
 Over 25 up to 35, two 
 votes 
 Over 35 up to 45, three 
 votes 
 Over 45 up to 55, four 
 votes 
 Over 55 up io 65, five 
 votes 
 Over 65 six votes 
 
 Municipality. If annual value 
 Does not exceed 25 For Mayor, 
 1 vote ; for Councillor, 1 vote 
 Exceeds 25, but not 50 For 
 Mayor, 2 vote* ; for Councillor, 
 1 vote 
 Exceeds 50, but not 75 For 
 Mayor, 3 votes ; for Coun- 
 cillor, 2 votes 
 Exceeds 75 For Mayor, 4 
 votes ; for Councillor, 2 votes 
 District. If the annual value of 
 land- 
 Does not exceed 10, one vote 
 Exceeds 10, but not 25, 
 two votes 
 ' Exceeds 25, but not 50. 
 three votes 
 Exceeds 50, four votes 
 If the unimproved capital value 
 Does not exceed 150, one vote 
 Exceeds 150, but not 300,, 
 two votes 
 Exceeds 300, but not 600, 
 three votes 
 Exceeds 600. four votes 
 
 If the annual value is 
 Under 30. one vote 
 30 and under 80, two votes 
 80 and under 160, three 
 votes 
 160 and under 240, four 
 votes 
 240 and under 360, five 
 votes 
 360 and over, six votes 
 
 One vote per tenant for each 
 75 value of property, but 
 not more than three votes 
 allowed 
 
 Each tenant, not exceeding two, 
 deemed occupier or owner of 
 half rateable value 
 
 Votes divided among tenants, 
 but not to exceed six 
 
 Municipality. Companies nomi- 
 nate representatives, not ex- 
 ceeding three 
 District. One nominee for each 
 Ward 
 
 Companies nominate representa- 
 tive : in default, Manager, 
 Secretary, or Attorney regis- 
 tered 
 
 Company may depute any person 
 to vote on its behalf 
 
240 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 7. Electors continued, 
 (vi) Electors' Roll, when 
 prepared 
 
 Clerk to cause preparation 
 and Collectors to be ap- 
 pointed on or before 7th 
 September every third year. 
 Clerk to make Roll be- 
 tween 7th and 21st October 
 
 Special Collector to prepare 
 between 15th and 24th 
 June ; Clerk to make out 
 List by 7th July 
 
 On or before 14th January. 
 Amendments not admissible 
 after seven days before 
 nomination day. Roll to 
 be amended previous to 
 extraordinary election 
 
 (vii) Electors' Roll, how 
 often prepared 
 
 Triennially 
 Supplementary Roll, annually 
 
 Annually 
 
 Annually 
 
 (viii) Electors' Roll, by 
 whom signed 
 
 Revision Court 
 
 Chairman and two Council- 
 lors 
 
 Returning Officer 
 
 (is) Claims and Objec- 
 tions to be made 
 
 Befere 17th November 
 Ten days' notice to be given 
 to Clerk 
 
 On or before 14th July 
 
 Twenty-eight days' notice of 
 alteration of rate to be 
 given 
 
 (x) Revision Court, 
 Composition of 
 
 Stipendiary or Police Magis- 
 trate or three Justices 
 
 Chairman and at least three 
 other Councillors 
 
 Two Justices sitting, in Petty 
 Sessions 
 
 (xi) Revision Court, 
 when held 
 
 Between 24th and 31st 
 December 
 
 Between 21st and 27th July 
 (inclusive) 
 
 
 (xii) Revision Court, 
 Adjournment of 
 
 Revision must be completed 
 by 31st December 
 
 Not to be adjourned beyond 
 31st July 
 
 
 
 (xiii) Revision Court, 
 Notice to be 
 given 
 
 Six clear days by advertise- 
 ment and posting up 
 
 Six clear days, by posting up 
 and in newspaper 
 
 
 (xiv) Penalties 
 
 Frivolous Claims and Objec- 
 tions ; not exceeding 10 
 
 Frivolous Claims and Objec- 
 tions ; not exceeding 5 
 Refusing answers to Col- 
 lector ; maximum, 10 
 Altering Voters' Roll, &c. ; 
 maximum, 50 
 
 
 8. Method of Conducting 
 Elections. 
 (i) Returning Officer 
 
 Clerk, unless Council appoints 
 some one else 
 Candidate cannot be Return- 
 ing Officer, Presiding Officer, 
 Poll Clerk, or Scrutineer 
 
 Chairman in non-subdivided ; 
 Councillor in subdivided 
 Area. Returning Officer 
 must not be a Candidate 
 
 Chairman ; if unable to act, 
 person appointed by Coun- 
 cil ; in default, person 
 appointed by Governor 
 
 (ii) Notice of Election 
 to be given 
 
 
 Not less than fourteen nor 
 more than twenty-one days 
 before election by adver- 
 tisement in newspaper 
 
 Twenty days by advertise- 
 ment in newspaper 
 
 (iii) Date of Nomina- 
 tion 
 
 Municipality. Ordinary elec- 
 tion eighth day preceding 
 triennial election. Extra- 
 ordinary election at least 
 one week prior to election 
 day 
 Shire. On a Friday at least 
 thirteen days prior to elec- 
 tion, or twenty days where 
 postal voting is in force 
 
 Before 4 p.m. on day not less 
 than four nor more than 
 seven days after notice of 
 election 
 
 
 
 Not less than ten nor more 
 than twelve days after 
 notice of election 
 
 (iv) Notice of Nomina- 
 tion to be given 
 
 Not less than one week before 
 nomination day, in news- 
 paper 
 
 To be included with notice 
 of date of election 
 
 To be included with notice of 
 date of election 
 
 (v) Nomination Papers 
 to be signed by 
 
 Two Electors and the Can- 
 didate 
 
 Not less than ten qualified 
 Voters and the Candidate 
 
 Five ratepayers 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 241 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Miinlrifntliti/.On or before 1st 
 October 
 Dixtri'-t.- -DuriiiL' April. In 
 Districts where no Revision 
 Court held, Clerk prepares 
 Roll from assessment book 
 previous to day of votin--' 
 
 Municipality. On or before 20th 
 September 
 District. On or before 14th 
 January 
 
 On or before 1st October 
 
 Annually and at such times as 
 Council may direct. Amend- 
 ments not to be made within 
 -even days of election 
 
 Annually 
 
 Annually 
 
 Municipality. Chairman and 
 Clerk, when revised, on or 
 before 25th November 
 District. Chairman and Clerk, 
 on or before last Saturday but 
 one in June 
 
 Municipality. Clerk 
 Dhti'n-t. Chairman 
 
 Chairman and Clerk, not later 
 than 31st December 
 
 Municipality. Claims not later 
 than 1st November; objec- 
 tions, 3rd November 
 District. Claims, not later than 
 fourteen days ; objections, 
 twelve days prior to Eevision 
 Court (if any) 
 
 Municipality. On or before 30th 
 September 
 District. On or before 14th 
 February 
 
 Within 30 days of publication 
 in Gazette 
 
 Council 
 
 Municipality. Chairman and not 
 less than one-third of the 
 Councillors 
 District. Three or more Coun- 
 cillors 
 
 Council 
 
 Municipality. loth November 
 District. Second Monday in 
 June 
 
 Municipality. Between 10th and 
 20th October 
 District. Between 1st and 7th 
 March 
 
 
 As Council may appoint 
 
 Municipality. Not beyond 31st 
 October 
 District. From time to tune 
 
 
 Seven days 
 
 Municipality. Six days by post- 
 ing up and advertisement in 
 newspaper 
 District. Seven days 
 
 
 Frivolous Claims and Objec- 
 tions, not exceeding 1 
 
 Frivolous Claims and Objections 
 Municipality. Not exceeding 
 5 
 District. As Court decides 
 
 
 Municipality. Clerk or Coun- 
 cillor (Candidates ineligible) 
 District. Council appoints 
 (Candidates ineligible) 
 
 Municipality. Chairman or other 
 person appointed by Council 
 (Candidates ineligible) 
 District. Councillor or person ap- 
 pointed by Council ^Candidates 
 ineligible) 
 
 Chairman, or Councillor, or some 
 person appointed by Council 
 or Governor (Candidates ineli- 
 gible) 
 
 Municipality. By public notice 
 District. By posting handbills 
 at Post Office and other places 
 
 By advertisement in newspaper or 
 otherwise published 
 
 Jbitteen days, by posting up at 
 Police Station and advertising 
 in newspaper. 
 
 Municipality. Not later than 
 six days before election 
 District. Second Saturday in 
 June 
 
 Seventh day preceding election 
 
 f rom tenth to seventh day before 
 election 
 
 Ten days before date of retire- 
 ment and election 
 
 
 
 Fifteen days before date of 
 election 
 
 Two Electors and the Candi- 
 date (rates of all parties must 
 be paid) 
 
 Municipality. Two qualified 
 Voters and the Candidate 
 District. The Candidate or his 
 agent 
 
 Two Electors and the Candidate 
 
242 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND . 
 
 6. Method of Conducting 
 Elections continued . 
 (vi) Deposit by Candi- 
 date 
 
 ..- 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 (vii) Withdrawal of 
 Candidate per- 
 mitted 
 
 Before 11 a.m. on nomination 
 day 
 
 Not less than four days before 
 polling day, to be signed by 
 five Nominators and the 
 Candidate, and advertised 
 
 Ninety-six hours before the 
 commencement of the poll 
 
 (viii) Candidate forfeits 
 Deposit in the 
 event of 
 
 
 Not receiving one-fifth of the 
 votes of the lowest elected 
 Candidate 
 
 Not receiving one-fifth of the 
 votes of the lowest elected 
 candidate 
 
 (ix) Polling Places 
 
 At least one polling place for 
 each subdivision 
 
 At least one polling place for 
 each subdivision, and at 
 least one booth for every 
 600 voters 
 
 At least one polling place in 
 each subdivision 
 
 (x) Hours of Poll 
 
 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. 
 
 Borough. 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. 
 Certain suburban Municipali- 
 ties. 8 _a.m. to 7 p.m. 
 Governor may extend hours 
 to 8 p.m. 
 Shire. 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. 
 
 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. 
 
 (xi) Ballot-papers 
 
 Initialled by Returning Officer 
 or Presiding Officer 
 
 Initialled by Returning Officer 
 and number of elector on 
 roll to be inserted 
 
 Initialled by Returning Officer 
 and marked with concealed 
 number 
 
 (xii) Invalid Ballot- 
 papers 
 
 Those from which any initials 
 or mark are torn or missing, 
 or on which an improper 
 number of candidates is 
 marked 
 
 Those with a greater or less 
 number of names not struck 
 out than the number to be 
 elected 
 
 Those (a) without initials ; 
 (b) without voter's num- 
 ber ; (c) with number torn 
 off ; (d) with incorrect 
 number of candidates 
 marked ; (e) with any un- 
 authorized mark or writing 
 
 (xiii) Postal Voting 
 
 Permitted in certain Shires. 
 Each voter to receive paper 
 not later than fifth day 
 before election. Signature 
 to ballot-paper to be wit- 
 nessed by an elector, J.P., 
 or Returning Officer. A 
 candidate, his agent, or 
 postmaster may not witness 
 
 On petition of Council Gover- 
 nor may make orders and 
 regulations which must be 
 laid before Parliament 
 
 Voter fills in ballot-paper and 
 posts it to Returning Officer. 
 Signature to be witnessed 
 by a ratepayer, J.P., or 
 Returning Officer. A candi- 
 date, agent of candidate, or 
 postmaster may not witness 
 
 (xiv) Declaration of .foil 
 
 As soon as practicable after 
 counting 
 Notice of poll to be published 
 in newspaper 
 If two candidates have equal 
 votes, lots are drawn 
 
 As soon as convenient on or 
 after polling day, and pub- 
 lished in newspaper 
 Returning Officer has casting 
 vote 
 
 As soon as possible after the 
 votes are counted . 
 Returning Officer has casting 
 vote 
 
 (xv) Destruction of iiai- 
 lot-papers 
 
 Six months after election 
 
 After six months, in the 
 presence of three Coun- 
 cillors 
 
 After twelve months in the 
 presence of three Councillors 
 
 (xvi) Penalties for Elec- 
 toral Offences 
 
 Removing ballot-papers from 
 booth, opening parcels un- 
 lawfully, &c., maximum 
 10 
 Making false declaration, per- 
 sonating elector, voting 
 twice, maximum 100 or 
 six months' imprisonment 
 Bribery, treating, intimida- 
 tion, maximum 100 or six 
 months' imprisonment, or 
 both 
 Misfeasance of officer, mini- 
 mum 10 : maximum 200 
 Forging, or fraudulently de- 
 facing or destroying nomi- 
 nation paper, imprisonment 
 for not exceeding six months 
 with or without hard labour 
 Candidate, his agent, or post- 
 master witnessing signature 
 to postal ballot-paper, 
 maximum 50 
 Wagering with the object of 
 influencing votes, maximum 
 50 
 
 Offences by Returning Officer. 
 &c., maximum 50 
 Nomination of incapacitated 
 person, maximum 20 
 Giving false answers, polling 
 more than once, leaving 
 polling booth with ballot- 
 paper or personating elec- 
 tor, maximum one year's 
 imprisonment 
 
 Nomination of incapacitated 
 persons, not exceeding 50 
 Misfeasance on part of Re- 
 turning Officer or Poll 
 Clerk not exceeding 50 
 Candidate, his agent, or post- 
 master witnessing signature 
 to postal ballot-paper, 
 maximum 50 
 Candidate or his agent re- 
 ceiving ballot-paper from 
 voter, maximum 50 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 243 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 
 Municipality. 5 
 
 
 
 Within 48 hours after day of 
 nomination 
 
 Not later than four days before 
 polling day 
 
 
 Municipality. Not receiving one- 
 fifth of the votes of the lowest 
 successful candidate 
 
 
 One for all Wards or for each 
 Ward as decided by Council 
 
 Appointed by Council 
 
 Appointed by Council, at least 
 one polling place for each Ward 
 
 Municipality. 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. 
 District. 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. in 
 Districts with Revision 
 Courts ; 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. in 
 other Districts 
 
 Municipality. 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. 
 District. 10 a.m. to 7 p.m. 
 
 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Council may fix 
 any period of not less than six 
 hours, except in a mining 
 centre 
 
 Initialled by Returning Officer 
 
 Municipality. Initialled by Re- 
 turning Officer, and with num- 
 bered counterfoil 
 District. Initialled by Returning 
 Officer 
 
 Initialled by Returning Officer 
 
 Those with an excess of candi- 
 dates marked off or any 
 matter or thing other than 
 names of candidates and 
 crosses 
 
 Those with a greater or less number 
 of candidates voted for than 
 there are vacancies, or on which 
 anv other matter or thing is 
 written 
 
 Those (a) without initials; (b) 
 with greater number of candi- 
 dates voted for than there are 
 vacancies ; (c) with un- 
 authorized marks 
 
 
 Absent voters may, within one 
 month before election, vote 
 before Returning Officer, Magis- 
 trate, or J.P., and post same to 
 Returning Officer 
 
 Governor may authorize postal 
 voting on petition from Coun- 
 cil 
 
 After counting votes, or not 
 later than three days after 
 election. Notice to be sent 
 to person elected within 48 
 hours and advertised in 
 Gazette within fourteen days. 
 Returning Officer has casting 
 vote 
 
 After the counting of the votes is 
 completed 
 Returning Officer has casting vote 
 
 As soon as practicable after the 
 election 
 Returning Officer has casting vote 
 
 Municipality under Ballot Act. 
 Forthwith 
 District. Not within 28 days in 
 some districts ; after three 
 months in others 
 
 After six months, in the presence 
 of three Councillors 
 
 After twelve months with consent 
 of Chairman, unless proceed- 
 ings are pending concerning the 
 election 
 
 Bribery, not exceeding 200 or 
 one year's imprisonment 
 Receiving or offering reward for 
 voting or withholding vote, 
 not exceeding 100 or six 
 months' imprisonment 
 Other offences, officer, maximum 
 200 or two years ; other 
 person, maximum 100 or one 
 year with or without hard 
 labour 
 Voting twice or impersonating 
 imprisonment not exceeding 
 one year with or without hard 
 labour 
 District. Voting, when under 21 
 years of ace, maximum 10 
 
 Breach or neglect of official duty, 
 maximum 200 or one year's 
 imprisonment 
 Bribery or undue influence, the 
 same 
 Other illegal practices, maximum 
 100 or six months' imprison- 
 ment 
 Canvassing, soliciting, or inducing 
 not to vote within 50 yards of 
 polling place, maximum 20 
 Personation and fraud with ballot- 
 papers, maximum two years' 
 imprisonment 
 
 Nomination of incapacitated per- 
 son, maximum 20 
 Viilnwi'ully intruding into poll- 
 ing place, maximum 100 or 
 one year's imprisonment with 
 or without hard labour 
 Electoral offences, maximum 50 
 Personation or voting twice, 
 maximum 200 or one year 
 with or without hard labour 
 Offences in violation of secrecy, 
 maximum 10 
 Misfeasance of officers, maximum 
 20 
 
244 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 \KW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 9. Meetings of Council. 
 (i) First Meeting after 
 General Election 
 
 
 Third Wednesday at 10 a.m. 
 
 1 
 
 City or Town. Third day 
 after election at noon or 
 date and time fixed by 
 by-law 
 Shire. Date and time fixed 
 by by-law 
 
 (ii) Ordinary Meetings 
 
 On such days and noun as 
 Council appoints 
 
 As Council from time to time 
 appoints 
 Chairman or three Councillors 
 or Minister may call meet- 
 ing of whole Council 
 
 City or Toivn. At least once 
 a month. Times fixed by 
 by-laws or otherwise 
 Shire. At least once every 
 three months 
 
 (iii) Notice of Ordinary 
 Meetings 
 
 As Council may fix by resolu- 
 tion 
 
 Only sent if the date of meet- 
 ing is changed 
 
 Sent at least two days pre- 
 vious to meeting 
 
 (ir) Adjournment of 
 Meetings 
 
 If no quorum present within 
 half-an-hour, meeting ad- 
 journed to time fixed by 
 Chairman, Councillors, or 
 Clerk 
 
 If no quorum within half- 
 hour meeting adjourned 
 but for not longer than 
 seven days ; notices of 
 adjourned meeting to be 
 sent 
 
 Meetings to be adjourned for 
 not longer than fourteen 
 days if no quorum is present 
 within half-an-hour 
 
 (v) Special Meetings 
 
 Called by Chairman or on 
 requisition of two Council- 
 lors 
 
 Called by Chairman or on 
 requisition of three or more 
 Councillors 
 
 
 (vi) Notice of Special 
 Meetings 
 
 As Council may fix by resolu- 
 tion 
 
 Boroufjh. Two days' notice 
 Shire. Four days' notice 
 
 
 (vii) Quorum 
 
 Majority of Councillors 
 
 Nine Councillors or smaller 
 number forming majority 
 of Councillors 
 
 Majority of whole number of 
 Councillors, if number even, 
 half the number including 
 the Chairman 
 
 (viii) Revocation of 
 Resolution 
 
 Notice of motion to be duly 
 given, if three months 
 have not elapsed since re- 
 solution passed. Must be 
 signed by three Councillors 
 
 Seven days' notice to be given. 
 Must be passed by majority 
 of whole number of Coun- 
 cillors if number present 
 not Treat er than when re- 
 solution was passed, other- 
 wise by majority of 
 those present 
 
 Notice to be given to each 
 Councillor in Town seven 
 days, in Shire fourteen days 
 Absolute majority of Coun- 
 cillors required if number 
 present not greater than 
 when resolution was adopted 
 
 (ix) Committees 
 
 Two Standing Committees* 
 Finance and Works, to be 
 appointed, other Commit- 
 tees optional 
 
 Council may appoint occa- 
 sional or standing Commit- 
 tees and fix quorum 
 
 Council may appoint Com- 
 mittees 
 
 (x) Limits of Powers of 
 Committees 
 
 Fixed by Council 
 
 
 Council delegates powers to 
 Committees and fixes 
 quorum 
 
 (xi) Penalties 
 
 Councillor not attending meet- 
 ing when called upon to do 
 so by Chairman or three or 
 more Councillors, maximum 
 2 
 Councillor refusing to with- 
 draw when called on, maxi- 
 mum 2 
 
 Councillor not attending meet- 
 ing of whole Council guilty 
 of offence against Act if 
 called by Minister, maxi- 
 mum 20 
 
 Officer failing to permit, in- 
 spection of books, maximum 
 5 
 Local Authority failing to 
 make returns to Minister, 
 maximum 50 
 
 10. Meetings and Poll 
 of Ratepayers. 
 (i) Meetings 
 
 
 Council may make by -laws 
 for the purpose of con- 
 ducting public meetings of 
 the ratepayers 
 
 
 
 (ii) Poll of Ratepayers, 
 how obtained 
 
 On demand by one-third of 
 Ratepayers 
 Council to tix day for poll not 
 less than fourteen days nor 
 more than. 42 days after 
 demand 
 
 On demand by 20 Electors 
 with deposit of 20. To be 
 held within one month of 
 demand 
 
 
('<. \SPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 245 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WKSTKKN AVSTKALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 
 As appointed by Council 
 
 As appointed by by-law or reso- 
 tion 
 
 Municipal it n. At least once 
 every four weeks 
 DMrfet. At least once a month 
 
 Municipality. At least once a 
 month 
 District. At least once every 
 three months (north of 27th 
 parallel of latitude at least cnce 
 every six months) 
 
 At least once a month 
 
 Three days' notice to be given 
 
 Notice to be sent to each Councillor 
 
 Sent by post so as to give Coun- 
 cillors two clear days' notice 
 
 District. If no quorum within 
 half-an-bour meeting ad- 
 journed to any time 
 
 Municipality. If no quorum within 
 quarter of an hour adjourned 
 for not longer than seven days 
 District. If no quorum within 
 half-an-hour, adjourned, notice 
 to be sent 
 
 If no quorum within half-an-hour, 
 adjourned for not longer than 
 fourteen days 
 
 At any time, also on requisition 
 of three Councillors ; also in 
 all cases of emergency 
 
 Called by Chairman, or on re- 
 quisition of one-third of the 
 Councillors 
 
 Called by resolution of Council, 
 or on requisition of Chairman 
 or by majority of Councillors 
 
 Man ici polity. Previous notice 
 District. Three day?' notice 
 
 Municipality. Notice to be sent 
 to each Councillor 
 District. Seven days' notice to be 
 sent to each Councillor 
 
 Two clear days' notice Con- 
 firmatory meeting to be ad- 
 vertised twice, and posted at 
 Police Station 
 
 Municipality. Three Council- 
 lors 
 District. One-half of the Coun- 
 cillors 
 
 Municipality. One-third of Coun- 
 cillors, exclusive of Chairman 
 District. At least three Councillors 
 
 Majority of whole number of 
 Councillors 
 
 District. Seven days' notice to 
 each Councillor. Two-thirds 
 majority if number of Coun- 
 cillors present not greater than 
 number present when resolu- 
 tion was carried, otherwise 
 majority. Absolute majority 
 necessary in any case 
 
 Municipality. Seven days' notice. 
 Two-thirds majority if number 
 present not greater than when 
 resolution was passed, otherwise 
 majority 
 District. Unanimous vote or 
 majority of Councillors, in latter 
 case seven days' notice to each 
 Councillor 
 
 Seven days' notice. Majority of 
 whole number of Councillors if 
 number present not greater 
 than when resolution was 
 passed otherwise majority of 
 those present 
 
 Appointed by Council 
 Mini icipnlitti. Quorum , three 
 members 
 Dint iii-t. Quorum fixed by 
 Council, otherwise three mem- 
 bers 
 
 Appointed by Counci! 
 Mwnitipai&y. Quorum fixed by 
 Council 
 District. Quorum not less than 
 three 
 
 Appointed by Council. Council 
 fixes quorum, but not less than 
 two or a majority of members 
 Local Committees may be in- 
 corporated and have the same 
 powers as Councils 
 
 Municipality. Proceedinss to 
 be approved by Council. Com- 
 mittee may not borrow money, 
 declare a rate, or expend more 
 than 20 
 
 Municipality. Committee may 
 not borrow money or declare a 
 rate. Any expenditure of over 
 20 to be ratified by Council 
 
 Committee may not borrow 
 money, make a rate or by-law, 
 execute a deed or contract, or 
 institute an action at law or 
 suit in equity 
 
 
 Municipality. Councillor, or 
 officer neglecting or refusing to 
 produce books, &c., on demand, 
 maximum 10 per day 
 
 Refusal to allow inspection of 
 books, maximum 5 
 Mutilation or destruction of 
 books, maximum two years' 
 imprisonment with or without 
 hard labour or 100 
 
 Council to call meeting of rate- 
 payers to obtain consent to any 
 rate (Municipality), special 
 rate (District) 
 
 Municipality. Two ordinary 
 meetings annually, in May and 
 November. Special on requisi- 
 tion of one-third of Councillors, 
 or 21 ratepayers, seven days' 
 notice to be given 
 District. One ordinary meeting 
 to be held annually. 'Special on 
 requisition of twenty ratepayers, 
 seven days' notice to be given 
 
 A meeting to be held on requisi- 
 tion of 25 electors. Notice to 
 be advertised twice and 
 meeting held not less than 
 seven days after first notice 
 Majority of electors voting 
 decides, except in caseof loans, 
 when Governor makes regu- 
 lations 
 
 On demand by six ratepayers. 
 To be held within eight days of 
 demand 
 
 1 
 
 
246 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. - , 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 11. Officers. 
 
 (i) Officers required by 
 the Act 
 
 One Engineer for a Shire or 
 two or more adjoining 
 Shires. Sanitary Inspector 
 on notification from Gover- 
 nor 
 Permanent positions to be 
 advertised seven days pre- 
 vious to appointment 
 
 Clerk (Town Clerk in Borough, 
 Shire Secretary in Shire), 
 Treasurer, Engineer or Sur- 
 veyor, and other necessary 
 officers 
 Treasurer must not also be 
 Rate Collector 
 
 Clerk, obligatory (Council may 
 appoint Engineer, Surveyor, 
 Poundkeeper, &c.) 
 
 s 
 
 (ii) Qualifications of 
 Officers 
 
 Clerk (where income of Council 
 is over 500) and Auditor 
 must be over 21 years of 
 age and hold certificate of 
 qualification from Local 
 Government Clerks and 
 Auditors' Examining Com- 
 mittee 
 Engineer and Overseer of 
 Works must be over 21 
 years of age and hold cer- 
 tificate of qualification 
 from Engineering Examina- 
 tion Committee 
 
 Clerk, Certificate of Compe- 
 tency or Qualification from 
 Municipal Clerks' Board 
 Engineer or Surveyor, Certifi- 
 cate of Competency or 
 Qualification from Muni- 
 cipal Surveyors' Board, or 
 under some repealed Act 
 
 
 (iii) Officers appointed 
 by 
 
 Council. If not appointed 
 within three months, by 
 Governor 
 
 Council (except Auditors) 
 
 Council (except Auditors) 
 
 (iv) Security for Officers 
 
 Clerk, Engineer, and Auditor 
 to find security not less 
 than 100 
 
 Before any officer entrusted 
 with moneys security from 
 guarantee society carrying 
 on business in Victoria to 
 be taken by Council which 
 pays premiums 
 
 Guarantee society carrying on 
 business in Queensland 
 
 (v) Limit of Gratuities 
 to Officers 
 
 
 
 As Council may see fit. Coun- 
 cil may make by-laws fixing 
 gratuities 
 
 
 (vi) Positions from 
 which a Coun- 
 cillor is expressly 
 excluded 
 
 
 
 Valuer 
 
 (vii) Penalties 
 
 Officer accepting unauthorized 
 fees, &c., minimum 10 ; 
 maximum 100 
 Officer failing to render 
 accounts, &c., maximum 
 six months' imprisonment 
 
 Officer interested in contract 
 or accepting unauthorized 
 fees, &c., maximum 100 
 and disqualification from 
 employment 
 Treasurer acting as Rate 
 Collector, 100 and 10 per 
 day 
 
 Officer accepting unauthorized 
 fees, c., 100 and disquali- 
 fication for five years- 
 Officer failing on order from 
 Justices to render accounts, 
 <fec., imprisonment not ex- 
 ceeding six months 
 
 12. Revenue and Ex- 
 penditure of Councils. 
 (i) Ordinary Revenue 
 
 (a) Rates, dues, rents, fees, 
 fines, &c. ; (6) subsidies ; 
 (c) other revenues not 
 directed by Act to be 
 carried to any other fund 
 
 Rates, tolls and rents of tolls, 
 Government grants, and 
 other moneys not the pro- 
 ceeds of loans 
 
 Ordinary rates, ferry, market, 
 and other dues, Government 
 grants, and other moneys not 
 the proceeds of loans 
 
 (ii) Other Revenue 
 
 Special Funds 
 Local Funds 
 Loan Funds 
 
 Proceeds of loans 
 
 Proceeds of loans 
 Special rates 
 Tramway rates 
 
 (iii) Government Sub- 
 sidies 
 
 Municipality. Maximum, 3s. 
 4d. in the 1 of general rates 
 STzire. Minimum, 150,000 
 annual Iv 
 Class I., up to 10s. in the 
 1 of general rates 
 Class II., up to 15s. in the 
 1 of general rates 
 Class III., up to 20s. in 
 the 1 of general rates 
 Class IV., up to 25s. in 
 the 1 of general rates 
 Class V., up to 30s. in the 
 1 of general rates 
 Class VI., 40s. and over 
 in the 1 of general 
 rates 
 
 Subsidy fixed from time to 
 time by Parliament. For 
 every 1 actually received 
 from general or extra 
 rates, subsidy is 
 Borough, 3s. 
 1st Class Shire, 3s. 
 2nd Class Shire, 5s. ; 
 maximum 1,600 
 3rd Class Shire, 6s. ; 
 maximum 1,600 
 4th Class Shire, 8s. 
 5th Class Shire, 10s. 
 6th Class Shire, 12s. 
 No subsidy to City or Town. 
 Actual amount of subsidy 
 to teach Municipality 
 scheduled annually 
 
 Governor may place money to 
 credit of Council for specific 
 objects 
 Grants "are voted annually by 
 Parliament 
 
 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 247 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Minnri^alitii. Council may ap- 
 point Town Clerk. Surveyor, 
 and other oll'n vr< 
 Dint rirt. Council must appoint 
 District clerk, and may ap- 
 point other officers 
 
 Municipality. Council may ap- 
 point Town Clerk, Treasurer, 
 and other officers 
 D'u-ir'n-t. Council may appoint 
 Secretary and other officers 
 
 Di*ti-ii-t.- Council may appoint 
 Clerk, Treasurer. Ac. 
 If office of Clerk of Petty Sessions 
 not filled by Civil Servant, 
 Council Clerk performs duties 
 A Treasurer cannot also be a 
 Collector 
 
 M an iripnlity. Fit persons 
 District. Clerk must be a male 
 of full age 
 
 
 Must be fit persons 
 
 Council (except Auditors) 
 
 Council (except Auditors) 
 
 Council 
 
 Such security as Council thinks 
 proper 
 
 Municipality. Bond with sureties 
 or guarantee society carrying on 
 business in Western Australia 
 District. Guarantee of insurance 
 company or bond with sureties 
 approved by Minister 
 
 Guarantee society carrying on 
 business in Tasmania 
 
 
 Not to exceed one month's salary 
 for each year of service 
 
 
 Any office or place of profit under 
 the Council 
 Municipality. Also .Auditor 
 Dixti'irt. Also Treasurer or 
 Auditor 
 
 Any office under Council, includ- 
 ing Auditor 
 
 All except that of Treasurer, 
 unless without remuneration 
 
 Dixtrii-t. Officer accepting un- 
 authorized fees, c., 100. 
 Misappropriating money, maxi- 
 mum seven years' imprison- 
 ment with or without hard 
 labour 
 
 Officer failing to hand over books, 
 accounts, &c., maximum six 
 months' imprisonment in Muni- 
 cipality ; maximum 50 or six 
 months' imprisonment in Dis- 
 trict 
 
 Officer accepting unauthori/ed 
 fees, maximum 50 and dis- 
 qualification for five years 
 Officer failing to render accounts, 
 iVc., imprisonment up to six 
 months 
 
 Rates, fees, rents, proceeds of 
 >ale>. lines, penalties, Govern- 
 ment subsidy, and all other 
 moneys received 
 
 General rate, fees, rents, fines, and 
 other moneys not loans 
 
 Kates, tolls, dues, fees, fines, 
 Government subsidy, and other 
 moneys not loan 
 
 (No distinction drawn in Acts 
 between ordinary and other 
 revenue) 
 
 Proceeds of loans 
 District. Government grants 
 
 Proceeds of loans 
 
 Mni,i,-if,tifitf(. Annual grant of 
 .'is. in the 1 on proceeds of 
 neneral rates not exceeding Is. 
 in the 1 of annual value 
 JUvtfiri. Annual grant equal to 
 5s. in the 1 on general rates 
 collected 
 
 Amount not fixed ; voted from 
 time to time 
 
 P.y Aid to Ho/id liatfx Act 
 subsidy voted annuaHy to 
 Councils which have levied a 
 road rate of not less than Is. 
 in the 1, and have not spent 
 10 per cent, thereof on ad- 
 ministration 
 Councils classified, and following 
 subsidies paid : Class I., Is., 
 Class II., 2s., Class III., 3s., 
 class IV., -Is., Class V., 5s., 
 cia-s VI., 6s. for every 1 of 
 road rate 
 
248 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 12. Revenue and Ex- 
 penditure of Councils 
 continued, 
 (iv) Regulations as to 
 Banking Moneys 
 
 \ 
 
 Money to be banked daily, 
 when practicable, but not 
 later than three days after 
 receipt 
 All payments, except wages, 
 over 20s., to be paid by 
 cheque 
 Collectors to pay money dailv 
 to Clerk 
 
 All moneys amounting to 20 
 and upwards to be banked 
 within 72 hours, or shorter 
 period as Council directs 
 Collectors to pay in money 
 within three days in Muni- 
 cipality, and within seven 
 days in Shire 
 
 
 
 (v) Maximum Expendi- 
 ture permitted 
 for certain objects 
 
 
 Chairman's allowance not to 
 exceed 3 per cent, of the 
 revenue of the Municipality 
 
 Not more than 3 per cent, of 
 general rate to be expended 
 on entertainments, &c., or 
 100 in Town and 50 in 
 Shire 
 Governor may prohibit expen- 
 diture upon work which he 
 deems unnecessary, and may 
 cause any Councillor to 
 whom an unnecessary pay- 
 ment has been made to 
 refund same 
 
 (vi) Expenditure when 
 Area is sub- 
 divided 
 
 
 At least one-half of the net 
 income must be spent in 
 each subdivision in pro- 
 portion to the general rates 
 received therefrom 
 
 All moneys received in respect 
 of general rates to be credited 
 to account of several divi- 
 sions, other ordinary revenue 
 as the Council shall direct 
 
 (vii) Cheques to be 
 signed by 
 
 Chairman or Deputy Chair- 
 man and Clerk 
 
 Three Councillors and Clerk 
 
 
 (viii) Penalties 
 
 Councillor, servant of Council, 
 or Auditor contravening 
 regulations, maximum 10 
 
 Treasurer not banking money, 
 or Collector not paying in 
 money in due time, maxi- 
 mum 10 
 
 Officer failing to render ac- 
 counts, &c., maximum six 
 months' imprisonment 
 
 13. Accounts and Audit. 
 (i) Separate Accounts 
 
 General Fund 
 Special Fund for each special 
 rate 
 Local Fund for each local rate 
 Loan Funds 
 
 Separate accounts to be kept 
 for municipal fund, each 
 separate loan, &c. 
 
 Separate accounts for each 
 rate, each trust fund, each 
 loan, and each subdivision 
 
 (ii) Accounts to be 
 balanced 
 
 Every six months at least, on 
 30th June and 31st Decem- 
 ber 
 
 Thirtieth September annually, 
 and for special audit 
 
 At least once a month 
 
 (iii) Profit and Loss, 
 how treated 
 
 A balance to the credit of one 
 fund may be carried to 
 another fund with the con- 
 sent of the Governor 
 
 
 Balance from gas, electricity, 
 or hydraulic works applied 
 to liquidation of loan until 
 paid off, then to a reserve or 
 local fund.. If surplus ex- 
 ceeds 10 per cent., charges to 
 be reduced 
 Balance from waterworks 
 applied to maintenance, re- 
 pair, and extension, or to 
 reduction of principal loan 
 only 
 Balance from tramway to re- 
 payment of trainway rate, 
 with -I per cent, interest, and 
 then to Local Fund 
 
 (iv) End of Financial 
 Year 
 
 Thirty-first December 
 
 Thirtieth of September 
 
 Thirty-first December 
 
 (v) Financial Statement 
 
 To be sent to Minister, Go- 
 vernment Statistician, and 
 Auditor-General, on or 
 before 1st April 
 
 To be prepared up to 30th 
 September 
 
 To be prepared by Clerk and 
 laid before Council at the 
 first ordinary meeting after 
 the 21st January 
 
 (vi) Accounts Audited 
 
 Municipalities and Shires with 
 less than 1,000 income, 
 annually. Municipalities 
 with 1,000 income or over, 
 twice a year 
 
 As soon as conveniently may 
 be after balancing 
 
 Annually at least 
 Auditor reports to Auditor- 
 General 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 249 
 
 SOUTH ArsTKvi.i \. 
 
 \\I>TI:I;N Ar-TKALiA. 
 
 T\S\IAMA. 
 
 Miniiri,,,ii;ti/.-Sum*ot U> Mud 
 upwards to he banked within 
 48 hours (if no bank within 
 Municipality, seven days) 
 Dixtrirt. Treasurer to bank sums 
 of 10 and upwards. Collector 
 to pay in or bank within five 
 days 
 
 Sums of 20 and upwards in 
 Municipality, and 5 and 
 upwards in District, to be 
 banked within seven days 
 
 Treasurer to bank forthwith sums 
 amounting to 10 and upwards 
 Collector to pay to Treasurer 
 within fourteen days, or bank 
 with sanction of Auditor- 
 General 
 
 Mi/nii-i/ni/iti/. Not more than 
 2 per cent, of revenue, or 200 
 (Adelaide, 500) to be spent 
 on public functions or enter- 
 tainment 
 District. Not more than one- 
 third of revenue to be. spent 
 on salaries and office expenses 
 
 Municipality. Not more than 3 
 per cent, of ordinary revenue on 
 purposes not within the scope 
 of the Act 
 District. Not more than 7 per 
 cent, of ordinary revenue for 
 district nursing, hospitals, or 
 medical practitioner 
 
 Up to 25 expenditure allowed 
 for purposes not within the 
 scope of the Act, with the 
 consent of a two-thirds 
 majority of the Councillors 
 present 
 
 District. At least one-half of 
 the income must be spent in 
 each Ward in proportion to 
 the rateable value 
 
 
 
 At least three-fifths of the road 
 rate must be expended in each 
 Ward, except with the consent 
 of all the Councillors for that 
 Ward 
 
 Chairman, two Councillors, and 
 Clerk 
 
 Municipality. Chairman, Trea- 
 surer, and Clerk 
 District. Chairman, one Coun- 
 cillor, and Clerk 
 
 Chairman, Treasurer, and Clerk 
 If Treasurer is not a Councillor, 
 one* Councillor also signs 
 
 Not paying in money as required, 
 maximum 50 ; minimum 5.; 
 and daily penalty from 1 to 
 50 
 
 
 
 District Fund 
 Main Road Fund 
 Separate accounts to be kept for 
 loans 
 
 Ordinary revenue paid into muni- 
 cipal or district fund. Separate 
 accounts to be kept of every 
 loan 
 
 Separate accounts to be kept of 
 municipal funds, and of all 
 moneys raised or levied for 
 any special purpose 
 
 Twice a year, on 30th June, and 
 31st December 
 
 Municipality. Twice a year, on 
 30th April and 31st October 
 District. Annually 
 
 On or before 31st January an- 
 nually 
 
 Municipality. Where moneys 
 not expended during year rate 
 was collected, any balance may 
 be expended on general pur- 
 poses 
 District. Unexpended balance of 
 separate or special rate credited 
 to persons paying same as 
 against the general rat" next 
 payable 
 
 Any balance after liquidation of 
 loan to go to revenue of Council 
 
 Balance from undertaking applied 
 to undertaking itself, or by poll 
 to other work 
 Balance from special purposes 
 applied to other work by- 
 special resolution 
 Balance from tramway to repay 
 special rate levied with 4 per 
 cent, interest, and then to 
 municipal fund 
 
 .W/' iripulUy. Thirty-first of 
 December 
 District. Thirtieth of June 
 
 Municipality. Thirty-first of Oc- 
 tober 
 District. Thirtieth of June 
 
 Thirty-first of December 
 
 M,inii-ipality. To be laid before 
 ! 'a rl lament on or before 1st 
 March 
 1)1*1 rii-t. Annual abstract of 
 accounts to be advertised once 
 in Gazette and newspaper 
 
 Municipality. To be made an- 
 nually up to the end of October 
 District. To be made every three 
 months 
 
 To be made not later than 10th 
 February, and sent signed by 
 chairman and five Councillors 
 to Auditor-General before end 
 of February 
 
 Municipality. Annually 
 District. Half-yearly - 
 
 Municipality. Ha If-yearly 
 District. Annually 
 
 Financial Statement, with 
 vouchers, etc., sent annually 
 to Auditor, who reports on or 
 confirms same 
 
250 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NKW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 13. Accounts and Audit 
 continued, 
 (vii) Special Audit 
 
 At any time by certificated 
 Local Government Auditor 
 Governor may appoint ex- 
 aminers of accounts 
 
 Governor at the request of 
 twenty Ratepayers de- 
 positing a sum not exceed- 
 ing 50, or without re- 
 quest may appoint Auditor 
 to make a special audit 
 
 Minister may appoint special 
 Auditors to examine ac- 
 counts for any period fixed 
 by Minister 
 
 (viii) Penalties 
 
 Not keeping books properly ; 
 endowment may be with- 
 held until Minister satisfied 
 Refusing inspection of books ; 
 maximum 10 
 Refusing to furnish informa- 
 tion to Auditor : maximum 
 20 or one year's imprison- 
 ment 
 
 Not keeping books properly ; 
 maximum, 25 
 Refusing inspection of books ; 
 maximum, 5 
 Officer failing to render 
 accounts, produce vouchers, 
 or deliver up paper> : 
 maximum, six months' 
 imprisonment 
 
 Keeping books negligently : 
 Treasurer may withhold en- 
 dowment 
 Refusing inspection of books ; 
 maximum, 10 
 
 14. Loans. 
 <i) Objects of Loans 
 
 Municipality. Permanent 
 works or improvements, 
 other lawful object;-,, re- 
 payment of previous loans 
 Shire. Any work authorized 
 by law 
 
 Permanent works and under- 
 takings 
 Liquidation of previous loans 
 
 Permanent works and under- 
 takings 
 
 (ii) Definition of Per- 
 manent Works 
 
 
 
 Making, altering, raising, or 
 lowering streets. Con- 
 struction or purchase of 
 bridges, culverts, levees, 
 ferries, jetties, waterworks, 
 electric light works, gas- 
 works. Construction, en- 
 largement, and alteration of 
 drainage and sewerage. 
 Providing olfices. pounds, 
 abattoirs, markets, f weigh- 
 bridges, workers' dwellings, ' 
 baths, pleasure grounds, 
 museums, hospitals, asy- 
 lums, &c. Machinery for 
 crushing and quarrying. 
 Treatment of night-soil. 
 Reclamation of land. Pur- 
 chase of land and payment 
 of compensation for com- 
 pulsory acquisition 
 
 If loan obtained from Treasury, 
 public works classified into 
 (a) tramways, waterworks, 
 wharves, and other permanent 
 and reproductive works, if 
 of stone, brick, concrete, or 
 iron ; (b) j ermanent works 
 for drainage or sanitation if 
 of same materials ; (c) bridges, 
 culverts, fords, and cross- 
 ings, if of same materials : 
 (d) buildings of same ma- 
 terials : (e) roads cleared, 
 drained, metalled, &c., and 
 bridges, wharves, jetties, and 
 buildings of hardwood ; 
 (/) newly cleared roads, not 
 metalled, and other works of 
 a temporary character 
 
 <iii) Conditions previous 
 to making Loans 
 
 Amounts to be notified. Re- 
 port by Government Official 
 to be obtained. Poll of rate- 
 payers to be taken Loan 
 rate to be struck 
 
 Plans, specifications, estimate 
 of cost and statement shew- 
 ing the proposed expendi- 
 ture to be prepared and 
 open for inspection during 
 one month 
 
 Plans specifications, estimate 
 of cost, statement of pro- 
 posed expenditure, estimate 
 of net revenue, etc., to be 
 prepared, and submitted to 
 Minister, who sends Inspec- 
 tor of Local Works to 
 report 
 
 (iv) Methods of obtain- 
 ing Loans 
 
 By debentures, mortgage, or 
 bond. 
 If Government guarantee re- 
 quired, application must be 
 made to the Treasurer 
 
 By debentures 
 By mortgage or debentures 
 on security of separate rate 
 Treasury may grant loans at 
 4 per cent, for works ap- 
 proved by Minister for 
 Public Works 
 
 From Treasury 
 By debentures with permis- 
 sion of Governor 
 
 <v) Limits of Borrowing 
 Powers 
 
 Municipality. Ten per cent, 
 of the unimproved value of 
 all rateable- land 
 Shire. Three times the 
 amount of a year's income 
 
 Ordinar/ Loan. Ten times 
 the average income from 
 general rates not exceeding 
 Is. 6cl. in the 1 for the 
 previous three years 
 Extended Loan. Five times 
 the average income for the 
 previous three years, not 
 including genera!, separate, 
 or extra rates, special im- 
 provement charges, or Go- 
 vernment grants 
 
 Loans from Treasury not to 
 exceed five times the ordi- 
 nary annual revenue 
 Loans by Debentures ; amount 
 fixed by Governor 
 
 (vi) Action of Council 
 previous to ob- 
 taining Loans 
 
 Special Meeting of Council to 
 be held 
 
 Special Order made and con- 
 firmed by majority of 
 whole Council and by 
 Minister 
 
 Resolution to be adopted and 
 confirmed at special meet- 
 ing 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA- omtoraoZ, 
 
 251 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WKSTKKX AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 District. -C(iiuinis>iouer of Audit 
 may inspect and audit ac- 
 counts .-it any time 
 
 MuHirijinliti/. On request of fifty 
 ratepayers, or of creditors, with 
 or without deposit of 25, 
 Government appoints special 
 Auditor 
 District. Minister may direct at 
 any time 
 
 
 
 Failing to render accounts ; maxi- 
 mum, 50, or six months' im- 
 prisonment 
 Municipality. Allowing books to 
 get in arrears; maximum, 25. 
 District. Refusal of inspection of 
 books ; maximum, 5 
 
 Books improperly kept; Trea- 
 surer may withhold subsidy 
 Refusal of inspection of books ; 
 maximum, 5 
 
 Execution of works for which a 
 special or separate rate has 
 been declared 
 Permanent works 
 Scheme approved by Minister 
 Repayment of previous loans 
 
 Works or undertakings 
 Repayment of previous loans 
 
 Permanent works 
 Liquidation of previous loans 
 
 Making and re-making streets. 
 Construction and purchase of 
 bridges, ferries, jetties, tram- 
 ways. Sewers and drains. 
 Water, gas, and electric light 
 works. Offices. Pounds. 
 Markets. Machinery for treat- 
 ing refuse. Baths and wash- 
 houses. Pleasure grounds, 
 museums, &c. Hospitals, 
 asylums, <fec. Stone quarries. 
 Sanitary conveniences. Abat- 
 toirs. Paving streets. Widen- 
 ing streets 
 
 Making and altering streets and 
 roads. Construction of bridges, 
 ferries, wharves, and jetties. 
 Sewers and drains. Purchase 
 of land and materials. 
 Municipality. Water, gas, and 
 electric light works. Tram- 
 ways. Offices. Pounds. Abat- 
 toirs. Baths and washhouses, 
 &c. Improvement of endow- 
 ment lands. Public recreation 
 grounds, &c. Organs, .V-c. 
 Lamps. Treatment of night- 
 soil. Quarries. Fire engines. 
 Steam rollers. Theatres. Grand 
 stands. Warehouses under Cus- 
 toms Act 1901 
 
 Roads. Bridges. Ferries. 
 Wharves. Tramways. Piers. 
 Jetties. Sewerage. Drainage- 
 Water, gas, and electric light 
 works. Offices. Pounds. 
 Abattoirs. Markets. Baths. 
 Pleasure grounds, libraries , 
 Ac. Hospitals, asylums, &c. 
 Iron tracks on roads. Treat- 
 ment of refuse and night-soil. 
 Purchase of land 
 
 Plans and estimates to be pre- 
 pared 
 
 Plans and estimates of cost and 
 expenditure to be prepared and 
 open to inspection by ratepayers 
 during one month 
 
 Local Bodies Loans Act. State- 
 ment to be prepared, open for 
 inspection for one month 
 Local Public Works Loans Act. 
 Plans and specifications to be 
 laid before Parliament with 
 report from Engineer -in-Chief 
 
 By debentures 
 District. On mortgage with con- 
 sent of Ratepayers, for con- 
 verting existing debt or repay- 
 ment of loan . 
 
 By debentures 
 
 From Treasury under Local 
 Public Works Loans Act for 
 public works, or by deben- 
 tures under the Local Bodies 
 Loans Act 
 
 On security of special or separate 
 rate, not exceeding ten times 
 the amount of a Is. in the 1 
 rate 
 Permanent Works. On security 
 of general rates, not exceeding 
 three tjmes the amount of a 
 H. (id. in the 1 rate in Muni- 
 cipalities or Is. in the 1 in 
 Districts 
 Free Libraries. Loan not to 
 exceed ten times amount of a 
 3d rate 
 
 Municipality ten times, District 
 seven times the average ordinary 
 revenue of the two preceding 
 years, except with consent of 
 Governor in Municipality 
 
 Local Bodies Loans Act. Ten 
 times the average income for 
 three preceding years 
 
 Resolution to be carried by 
 majority of whole Council 
 
 ' 
 
 Local Bodies Loans Act. Reso- 
 lution to be passed at special 
 meeting, and confirmed at 
 subsequent meeting held not 
 sooner than four weeks after 
 Majority of whole Council 
 required 
 
252 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 .NEW SOUTH WALKS. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 14. Loans continued. 
 
 ( vi i) Notices to be given 
 previous to ob- 
 taining Loan 
 
 Notice of motion to borrow 
 to be published in Gazette 
 not less than one month 
 and in newspaper fourteen 
 days before spe' ia! meeting 
 
 Once in Gazette and twice in 
 newspaper, not less than one 
 nor more than six months 
 before making special order 
 
 Once in Gazette and twice in 
 newspaper, not less than one 
 nor more than three months 
 before resolution adopted 
 
 (viii) Poll of Ratepayers 
 
 Shire. Ten per cent, of the 
 ratepayers may demand a 
 poll 
 
 Twenty persons may, within 
 one month, demand poll, 
 deposit 20. Poll to be 
 taken between twenty and 
 25 days after demand 
 
 Ratepayers with twenty votes 
 may demand pell, deposit 
 10. Poll to be taken not 
 less than 21 nor more than 
 28 days after demand and 
 advertised twice in news- 
 paper 
 
 (ix) Repayment of Loans 
 
 Shire. In instalments spread 
 over a term fixed on a basis 
 of three -fourths of the esti- 
 mated probable life of the 
 works 
 
 Ordinary Loan. Forty years 
 Extended Loan.- Thirty years 
 Loan on security of separate 
 Rate. Sixteen years 
 
 If from Treasury, by half- 
 yearly instalments, for class 
 I. 40 years ; II. 30 years ; 
 III. 21 vears; IV. 14 years ; 
 V. 10 years ; VI. 5 years 
 
 (x) Sinking Fund 
 
 To be invested in purchasing 
 interest-bearing Govern- 
 ment securities 
 
 If debentures all payable on 
 one day, not less than 1J 
 per cent, of principal to be 
 invested annually in Vic- 
 torian 3 per cent.' Stock 
 Otherwise sufficient amount 
 to be set aside annually 
 
 Subject to conditions required 
 by Governor 
 
 (xi) Maximum Interest 
 allowed 
 
 
 
 
 (xii) Maximum over- 
 draft not to ex- 
 ceed 
 
 One-third of the estimated 
 revenue, with consent of 
 Minister 
 
 One-half of the revenue for the 
 previous year 
 
 The ordinary revenue for the 
 previous year 
 
 (xiii) Illegal Borrow- 
 ing 
 
 Councillors, who consented, 
 jointly and severally liable 
 for repayment 
 
 Councillors, who consented, 
 jointly and severally liable 
 for repayment, and to a 
 penalty of 200 
 
 Councillors, who consented , 
 jointly and severally liable 
 for repayment with 8 per 
 cent, interest and to a 
 penalty not exceeding 200 
 each 
 
 (xiv) If Council de- 
 faults in pay- 
 ing Interest or 
 Principal 
 
 After three months Supreme 
 Court may appoint a re- 
 ceiver 
 
 Supreme Court appoints a 
 receiver 
 
 Supreme Court appoints a 
 receiver 
 
 15. Pates. . 
 (i) System of Levy 
 
 Ordinary rates on unimproved 
 capital value, special rates 
 on unimproved or improved 
 capital value, at option of 
 Council 
 
 On net annual value, or on 
 unimproved capital value,, 
 latter with consent of ma- 
 jority of valid votes at poll 
 at which at least one-third 
 of Voters vote 
 
 On the capital value 
 
 (ii) Notices of Rates 
 
 Municipality, fourteen days' 
 Shire 28 days' notice to be 
 given before making a 
 special, local, or loan rate 
 
 To be advertised at least four 
 days before rate is made 
 and posted up 
 
 ' 
 
 (iii) General or Ordinary 
 Rate, when made 
 
 First of January, annually 
 Municipality. Additional 
 rate. 100 or one-sixth of 
 ratepayers may demand 
 poll 
 
 Annually after the 30th of 
 September 
 Extra rates on requisition of 
 two-thirds of Councillors 
 after one month 
 
 Council may make and levy 
 general rates from time to 
 time 
 
 (iv) Maximum Ordinary 
 Rate permitted 
 
 1 
 
 Municipality. Twopence in 
 the 1 on unimproved 
 capital value and Is. Od.on 
 assessed annual value 
 Shire. Twopence in the 1 
 on unimproved capital 
 value 
 
 Two shillings and sixpence in 
 the 1 of the annual value 
 Rate may be raised 6d. in the 
 1 for purpose of repaying 
 loan from Treasury 
 
 Sixpence in the 1 on unim- 
 proved value, but this does 
 not apply to rateable land 
 on a gold or n.ineral field 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA. continued. 
 
 253 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 \YKSTERX AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 ( lure ill <;<f,-tl:' and t\\ i< e in new-- 
 paper. not less than one nor 
 more than three inontlis het'ore 
 resolution adopted 1-y Council 
 
 Once in (!,i:,'tt>'. and three times 
 (.Municipality, once) in news- 
 paper, not less than one nor 
 more than three months before 
 proposal adopted 
 
 / 
 
 Loml limit,-* Loans Act. Once 
 in (!n::cttc and twice in news- 
 paper, not less than one nor 
 more than three months before 
 proposal adopted 
 
 Twenty Ratepayers may demand 
 a poll within one month of 
 last ptil'lication of notice 
 
 Twenty Katepayers may. within 
 one month, demand poll to In- 
 taken not less than 21 days nor 
 more than one month after de- 
 mand. Special roll to be pre- 
 pared. Voting as for election of 
 Chairman in Municipality or 
 Councillor in District 
 
 Local Bodies Loans Act. Five 
 Ratepayers may within one 
 month demand a poll to be 
 taken not less than 21 nor 
 more than 25 days after 
 demand, and advertised three 
 times in newspaper 
 Unless two-thirds majority of 
 votes in favour, Council not 
 to proceed 
 
 Permanent Works. Forty-two 
 years 
 
 Thirty years 
 
 
 Municipality. Xot less than one 
 fiftieth of total sum of deben- 
 tures 
 
 Xot less than 2 per cent, of prin- 
 cipal to be invested in State 
 securities or repurchase of de- 
 bentures 
 
 Local Bodies Loans Act. Not 
 less than 2 per cent, of prin- 
 cipal to be invested in Govern- 
 ment Stock and \ per cent, to 
 Consolidated Revenue 
 Local Public Works Loans Act. 
 State Treasurer to set aside 
 1 per cent, of interest on loan 
 received as sinking fund 
 
 Six per cent, lor permanent 
 work interest not to exceed 
 A 4id. (Municipality) 3d. 
 (District) in the 1 rate 
 
 
 Local Public Works Loans Act. 
 Seven per cent. Interest on 
 loan for repayment not to 
 exceed interest on original 
 loan 
 
 Municipality. One-fourth of the 
 income for the previous year 
 District. One-half of the esti- 
 mated revenue for the year 
 
 One-third of the ordinary revenue 
 for the preceding year 
 
 One-half of the revenue for the 
 preceding year 
 
 
 
 
 Supreme Court appoints a re- 
 ceiver 
 
 Supreme Court appoints a receiver 
 
 Supreme Court appoints a re- 
 ceiver 
 
 M uni ipality. On average an- 
 nual estimated rental. After 
 petition, poll, and proclama- 
 tion, rates may be ievied on 
 land values only 
 District. -On assessed annual 
 value 
 
 Municipality. On annual value 
 District. On capital unimproved 
 value. 
 Annual value optional for town 
 
 sites 
 
 On annual value 
 
 To be published in Gazette within 
 fourteen days of declaration 
 
 To be published in newspapers 
 
 To be gazetted 
 
 Municipality. From time to 
 time, consent of Ratepayers 
 to be obtained 
 /)ixt>-irt. After makin<r estimate 
 and 21 days after notice of 
 assessment 
 
 Municipality. In December 
 District. After making estimate 
 in July 
 
 Whenever practicable, in July 
 
 MH Hid /ml it i/. One shilling and 
 sixpence in the 1 on average 
 annual rental 
 District. Two shillings in the 1 
 on assessed annual value 
 
 Municiftaliti/. One shilling and 
 sixpence in the 1 on annual 
 value 
 District. Threepence in the 1 
 on unimproved capital value 
 or 2s. on annual value 
 
 Paving, draining, cleansing, and 
 lighting rates together not 
 to exceed Is. 6d. in the 1 
 
254 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 15. Rates continued, 
 (v) Minimum Ordinary 
 Rate permitted 
 
 One^penny in the 1 on un- 
 improved capital value ; 
 Governor may reduce 
 amount 
 
 Sixpence in the 1 on annual 
 value 
 
 One-halfpenny in the 1 on 
 unimproved value 
 
 (vi) Special Rates 
 
 For any purpose which may 
 be lawfully undertaken. 
 Rates for lighting roads to 
 be levied on area deriving 
 benefit 
 
 Extra Rate. On all rateable 
 property in one or more 
 subdivisions 
 
 For (a) sewerage and drainage; 
 (6) gas, or electric light and 
 hydraulic power ; (c) water- 
 ing, cleansing, or lighting 
 roads ; (d) gardens, baths, 
 libraries, &c. ; (e) eradica- 
 tion of noxious weeds ; 
 (/) destruction of pests ; 
 (g) alignment of roads ; 
 (h) omnibus services 
 
 (vii) Special Rates- 
 how obtained 
 
 Fifty Ratepayers, or one- 
 sixth if there are less than 
 300, may demand poll to be 
 held between seven and 
 fourteen days in Munici- 
 pality and between four- 
 teen and 28 days in Shire 
 
 On requisition of not less than 
 two-thirds of the Council- 
 lors for the subdivisions 
 affected 
 
 
 (viii) Local or Separate 
 Rates 
 
 For defraying expenses of 
 work of special benefit to a 
 portion of the area 
 
 For the special benefit of any 
 particular portion of the 
 Municipality 
 
 For defraying expenses of 
 work for the special benefit 
 of any particular part of the 
 area 
 
 (ix) Local Rates how 
 obtained 
 
 Fifty Ratepayers, or one- 
 fifth if not more than 150 
 affected, may demand poll, 
 to be held between seven 
 and fourteen days in Muni- 
 cipality and between four- 
 teen and 28 days in Shire 
 
 On petition by majority of 
 occupiers and one-third of 
 owners, paying over one- 
 third of the total rates. 
 To be confirmed by Go- 
 vernor. Seven days' notice 
 to be given in newspaper 
 
 One-fifth of Ratepayers in 
 part of area may petition 
 that a particular work be 
 carried out with right of 
 appeal to Minister after 
 three months, if Council 
 takes no action 
 
 (x) Loan Rates 
 
 May be made on unimproved 
 or improved value ; must 
 be sufficient to pay interest 
 and sinking fund ; and can- 
 not be repealed till loan 
 paid off 
 
 Separate rate must be suf- 
 ficient to pay interest and 
 sinking fund 
 
 Council to levy special loan 
 rate to provide annual in- 
 stalments, payable in re- 
 spect of a loan 
 
 (xi) Other Rates 
 
 Rates under Metropolitan 
 Water and Sewerage. Act 
 1882 and Hunter District 
 Water Supply and Sewerage 
 Act 1892 levied on annual 
 value 
 Municipality. Rates may be, 
 under the Country Towns 
 Water and Sewerage Act 
 levied on unimproved or 
 improved value 
 
 Water rate not to exceed 2s. 
 in the 1 : minimum 
 charge, 10s. 
 Under Health Act, Council 
 may levy rate not exceed- 
 ing 6d. in the 1 for the 
 removal of night-soil 
 
 Health rate may be struck. 
 Cleansing rate may be on 
 basis of (a) rateable value ; 
 (b) service required ; 
 (c) superficial measurement ; 
 (d) any other basis. Water 
 . rate levied on land within 
 300 feet of road in which 
 mains are laid 
 
 (xii) Alternative to 
 Cleansing Rates 
 
 Council may charge for re- 
 moval of night- soil or 
 garbage 
 
 Council may^make an annual 
 charge for the removal of 
 night-soil 
 
 Where Council undertakes or 
 contracts for cleansing, a 
 fixed charge may be made 
 for each closet, ashpit, Ac. 
 
 (xiii) Limitation of 
 Rates 
 
 Total amount of all rates 
 not to exceed 2d. in the 1 
 on unimproved and 2s. in 
 the 1 on annual value, 
 taken together 
 
 Water rate not to exceed 2s. 
 in the 1 
 Ordinary and extra rates 
 together not to exceed 
 2s. 6d. in the 1 
 
 
 (xiv) Rate Book 
 
 For purpose of taking pro- 
 ceedings, to be sealed, 
 signed by Chairman, and 
 countersigned by Clerk 
 
 To be signed by at least three 
 Councillors and sealed. 
 Alterations to be initialled 
 by Chairman 
 
 To be signed by three Coun- 
 cillors ; 28 days' notice of 
 alterations to be given 
 
 16. Liability for Rates. 
 (i) Who primarily liable 
 
 Owner, Crown or Railway 
 licensee or lessee 
 
 Occupier 
 
 Occupier 
 
 (ii) Rights of occupier 
 
 If owner absent or unknown, 
 rates recovered from occu- 
 pier, who may deduct same 
 from rent 
 
 Occupier may recover rates 
 from owner, unless any 
 other agreement is made 
 
 Occupier may deduct amount 
 of rates from rent, except in 
 the case of Crown land 
 
 (iii) When Rates due 
 
 After 30 days' notice 
 
 Fourteen days after demand 
 
 Within 30 days' of notice 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA cont inued. 
 
 255 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WKSTKRX AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 l>;*tri,-t. -On.' ..hillinir in tin- : 1 
 on assessed annual \a!ur 
 
 District. One penny in the 1 on 
 unimproved capital value ; 9d. 
 on annual value 
 
 General Road Rate, 6d. in the 1 
 Occupiers of Crow r n land pay 
 half road rate 
 
 Tf general rate insufficient, 
 special rate may he made 
 Lighting rate ; maximum, 4d. in 
 thel 
 
 .If <i ni< //"//////. Fire J'.rigaile 
 rate ; maximum. 3d. in the 1 1 . 
 I'arks and lleser\c< rate: 
 maximum, 3d. in the 1 
 
 District. Council may. with con- 
 sent of Minister, fix the rate for 
 Townsite or special Aiea at a 
 higher figure, the excess to Le 
 expended in such Area 
 
 Special rate not to exceed Is. in 
 the 1 
 Special rates for sewerage, light- 
 ing, watering, recreation 
 grounds, destruction of rabbits 
 and noxious weeds, abattoirs, 
 &c. 
 
 I5y resolution of majority of 
 Councillors and consent of 
 Ratepayers at meeting or poll 
 demanded thereat by six Rate- 
 payers and held within eiixht 
 days 
 
 I 
 
 Council may make and levy 
 special rates 
 
 For construction of specific works 
 for the benefit of a portion of 
 the area 
 
 
 Local rate not to exceed Is. in 
 thel 
 
 Half (.Municipality) or majority 
 (District) of Ratepayers repre- 
 senting not less than three- 
 fourths (Municipality) two- 
 thirds ''District) of rateable 
 value may petition 
 
 
 Notice to be gazetted once, 
 advertised twice in newspaper, 
 and posted at Police Station 
 for four weeks. Fifteen elec- 
 tors may demand a meeting 
 of electors 
 
 Maximum Loan rate for per- 
 manent works, -ad. (Munici- 
 pality) 3d. (District) in the 1 
 
 Municipality. Not to exceed 
 Is. 6d. in the ] 
 District. To be sufficient to pay 
 interest and sinking fund, 
 
 Local Public Works Loans Act. 
 Loan rate not to exceed Is. in 
 thel 
 
 Watering rate may be based on 
 the lineal frontage of property 
 served 
 Free Libraries rate not to exceed 
 :.5d. in the 1 
 
 Health rate not to exceed 9d. in 
 the 1 on annval. or lid. on 
 capital value in proclaimed 
 Districts, or 6d. and ?d. re- 
 spectively in others 
 Sanitary rate not to exceed 6d. 
 in the 1 on annual or f d. in the 
 1 on capital value 
 
 Health rate not to include sani- 
 tary work 
 Cleansing rate may be levied on 
 (a) rateable value ; (b) number 
 of persons served ; (c) super- 
 ficial measurement ; (d) any 
 other basis 
 Sewerage, Lighting, Noxious 
 Weeds, &c., rates may be 
 struck 
 
 
 
 If cleansing done by contract, a 
 fixed charge may be made : if 
 by Council, such charge not to 
 exceed Is. per pan 
 
 Total amount of general and 
 special rates not to exceed 2s. 
 (Municipality) and 2s. 6d. 
 (District) in the 1 
 Health rate not to exceed Is. in 
 the 1 
 
 
 
 Municipality. To be completed 
 in December 
 
 //;.v/, /,./. TO be completed within 
 :*<> days of end of financial 
 \ i-ar 
 
 Municipality. To be completed 
 in December, and initialled by 
 Chairman 
 District. To be completed in 
 July, and initialled by Chairman 
 
 To be signed by Chairman, and 
 at least one Councillor 
 
 Occupier. Tf no occupier, owner 
 
 Municipality. Occupier or owner 
 at option of Council 
 District. Rateable owner 
 
 Occupier. If property under 10 
 annual value or let to weekly 
 or monthly tenants, owner 
 
 Municipality. Occupier may de- 
 duct rates from rent 
 
 Occupier may recover rates from 
 owner, except in the case of 
 Crown land 
 
 Occupier may recover half the 
 rates and all expenses for over- 
 due rates from owner, except 
 water and cleansing rates 
 
 Municipality. Fourteen days 
 after declaration 
 District. Twenty-one days after 
 notice served upon ratepayer 
 
 Municipality. In moieties within 
 30 days of 1st January and 1st 
 July rest .<> tivrlv 
 District. Within 30 days from 
 date of making 
 
 After being published in Gazette 
 to be paid within 21 days 
 
256 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 16. Liability for Rates 
 continued, 
 (iv) Priority of Rates 
 over other Debts 
 
 Rates a charge on all, except 
 Crown, land in priorty to 
 sales, mortgages, &c., and 
 recoverable within ten years 
 
 Rates a charge on property, 
 except on Crown lands or- 
 land vested in Minister of 
 Public Instruction or certain 
 corporations 
 
 Rates a charge on all, except 
 Crown land, in priority to all 
 mortgages, charges, liens, 
 and encumbrances ' 
 
 (v) Interest on overdue 
 Bates 
 
 Four per cent, after six- 
 months 
 
 Six per cent, after six months 
 
 Five per cent, if unpaid on 
 31st December 
 
 (vi) Discount on Hates 
 
 Discount not allowed on rates 
 
 Council may remit whole or 
 portion of rate on account 
 of poverty of person liable 
 
 Not exceeding 10 per cent, if 
 rates paid within 30 days 
 after notice 
 Council may remit rates due 
 by person on active service 
 
 (vii) Proceedings by 
 which Rates re- 
 covered 
 
 Rates due and owing for more 
 than six months may be 
 sued for in District Court 
 or Court of Petty Sessions 
 
 If not paid within fourteen 
 days of demand, rates may 
 be recovered before Court 
 of Petty Sessions, or by an 
 action of debt in any Court 
 having jurisdiction 
 
 By summons or distraint. 
 Imprisonment for non-pay- 
 ment of rates prohibited 
 
 (viii) Land may be 
 leased if Rates 
 not paid within 
 
 Four years 
 
 Five years, if property un- 
 occupied 
 
 Four years 
 
 (ix) Notice to be given 
 
 Two months' notice to any 
 one entitled to the land to 
 be given, and to be posted 
 up on ground 
 
 Twenty-eight days' notice to 
 be served on every person 
 in Victoria entitled or 
 affixed on property if no 
 such person known 
 
 Three months' notice to be 
 given to interested parties 
 and to be posted up on land 
 
 (x) Length of lease not 
 to exceed 
 
 
 
 Seven years 
 
 Fifteen years 
 
 Twenty-one years 
 
 (xi) Land vested in 
 Council if Rates 
 unpaid for 
 
 Sixteen years 
 
 Thirty years 
 
 Twenty-five years 
 
 (xii) Land may be sold 
 if Rates not paid 
 within 
 
 
 Ten years, provided land has 
 been vacant for more than 
 five years 
 
 Seven years 
 
 (xiii) Notice to be given 
 
 . 
 
 Notice requiring payment of 
 rates to be served on owner, 
 and posted on property and 
 at office of Council for one 
 month 
 Notice of sale to be advertised 
 and posted up 
 
 Three months' notice to be 
 sent to owner or occupier, 
 and advertised in Gazette, 
 and three times in news- 
 papers 
 
 17. Valuations or 
 Assessments. 
 (i) Rateable land 
 
 
 
 All lands except (a) commons, 
 public parks and reserves ; 
 (b) cemeteries, public hospi- 
 tals, benevolent and charit- 
 able institutions ; (c) 
 churches and free public 
 libraries ; (d) unoccupied 
 Crown lands ; (e) land 
 vested in the University of 
 Sydney, and used for edu- 
 cational purposes ;(/) Crown 
 leases for oyster culture ; 
 (g) land vested in the Com- 
 missioner of Railways and 
 used tor railway or tramway 
 purposes 
 
 All lands except () Crown 
 lands unoccupied or used 
 for public purposes ; (b) 
 land used exclusively for 
 commons, mines, or public 
 worship, mechanics' insti- 
 tutes, public libraries, ceme- 
 teries, free primary schools, 
 technical schools receiving 
 Government grants, charit- 
 able purposes, agricultural 
 colleges and experimental 
 farms ; (c) lands vested in 
 Municipal Council, any 
 Authority under Water Act 
 1915, Railway Commis- 
 sioner, Minister for Public 
 Instruction, Board of Lands 
 and Works, Melbourne 
 Harbour Trust, Melbourne 
 Board of Works, Geelong 
 Harbour Trust, Geelong 
 Waterworks and Sewerage 
 Trust, unless leased or 
 occupied for private pur- 
 poses 
 
 All lands except (a) Crown 
 lands unoccupied or used 
 for public purposes ; (ft) land 
 in occupation of the Crown ; 
 (c) land used for public pur- 
 poses ; (d) land vested in a 
 Council ; (e) commons : 
 (/) land not exceeding 50 
 acres in area used for public 
 worship, educational pur- 
 poses, orphanage, mechanics' 
 institute, public school, or 
 library ; (g) cemeteries ; (A) 
 land not exceeding 5 acres 
 in area used for public 
 hospitals 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 257 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 
 
 Municipality. Rates have priority 
 over all claims, except Crown 
 debts 
 District. Bates have priority over 
 every claim or security of any 
 description 
 
 Bates have priority over mort- 
 gages, &c. 
 
 Municipality. Ten per cent, 
 after becoming due, if not paid 
 within three years 
 District. Ten per cent, after six 
 months 
 
 Municipality. Five per cent, after 
 outstanding for twelve months 
 District. Five per cent, after 30th 
 June 
 
 Five per cent, after 30 days' 
 notice 
 
 
 Municipality. If authorized by 
 by-law ; not exceeding 5 per 
 cent, if rates paid within 30 days 
 District. Council may, with ap- 
 proval of Minister, wipe off 
 arrears of rates 
 
 If building vacant for over six 
 months, only half rates payable 
 Council may remit rates in cases 
 of poverty 
 
 Before two or more Justices, not 
 members or officers of Council, 
 or in any Court, or by distress 
 warrant 
 Distraint if rates not paid within 
 period specified in notice 
 
 Municipality. By distress, action, 
 or complaint 
 District. Before two Justices, or 
 any Court of competent juris- 
 diction 
 
 By summons and distress. Im- 
 prisonment for non-payment of 
 rates prohibited 
 
 Three years 
 
 Three years 
 
 Four years 
 
 Municipality. By post to owner, 
 and three times in Gazette 
 District. To owner and mort- 
 gagee by registered letter, and 
 in Gazette 
 
 Three months' notice to any one 
 appearing to have an interest in 
 the land to be given, and to be 
 posted up on the land 
 
 Three months' notice to any one 
 entitled to the property to be 
 given, and to be posted up on 
 the land 
 
 Municipality. Seven years 
 District. Five years 
 
 Seven years 
 
 Twenty-one years 
 
 
 Twenty-five years 
 
 Twenty-one years 
 
 Three years. Supreme Court 
 may order sale 
 
 Five years. Clerk of local Court 
 issues warrant of execution 
 
 Five years. Council to petition 
 Supreme Court for authority 
 to sell 
 
 Municipality. By post to owner, 
 and three times in Gazette 
 District. To owner and mort- 
 gagee by registered letter, and 
 in Gazette 
 
 To be advertised in Gazette and 
 newspaper, and served by Clerk 
 of local Court on any person 
 who appears to have an interest 
 in the land 
 
 To be advertised in Gazette, and 
 three times in newspaper, one 
 month before presenting 
 petition 
 
 All property except (a) un- 
 occupied Crown lands ; (fc)land 
 used by Government ; (e) 
 hospitals, benevolent or 
 charitable institutions ; (d) 
 buildings for public worship ; 
 (e) land exempt under the 
 Recreation Grounds Taxation 
 Exemption Act 1910 
 Municipality. (a) Lunatic 
 asylums ; (b) buildings belong- 
 ing to incorporated academical 
 institutions 
 District. (a) Public or private 
 schools ; (b) urban, suburban, 
 or country institutes 
 
 All lands except (a) Crown land 
 unoccupied or used for public 
 purposes ; (b) land belonging to 
 a religious body, place of public 
 worship, Sunday school, minis- 
 ter's residence, convent, nun- 
 nery, or monastery ; (c) land 
 used for public hospital, benevo- 
 lent asylum, orphanage, public 
 school, private school (the 
 property of a religious body), 
 public library, museum, art 
 gallery, or mechanics' institute ; 
 (d) land used for charitable 
 purposes ; (e) land vested in 
 Council under Parks and Re- 
 senex Act, or in trustees for 
 gardens ; (/) cemeteries ; (g) 
 land declared to be exempt 
 District. Land held under con- 
 ditional purchase during the 
 first two years 
 
 All land except (a) land occupied 
 by the Crown ; (b) churches, 
 Sunday schools, and places of 
 public' worship ; (c) public 
 libraries, museums, schools of 
 arts and mines, and cemeteries ; 
 (d) hospitals, almshouses, luna- 
 tic and benevolent asylums, 
 and buildings used for charit- 
 able purposes ; (e) agricultural 
 and pastoral show grounds ; 
 (/) property of a Marine Board 
 or Harbour Trust 
 No exceptions for water, fire 
 brigade, cleansing, drainage, 
 and sewerage rates 
 
 C. 7099. 9 
 
258 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 ,\E\V SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 17. Valtiations or Assess- 
 mentscontinued.. 
 (ii) Unimproved capital 
 value 
 
 The amount for which the 
 land would sell in fee- 
 simple, allowing deduction 
 for improvements 
 
 The sum which the land might 
 be expected to sell for if 
 unencumbered 
 
 The fair average value of un- 
 improved land of the same 
 quality held in fee-simple in 
 the same neighbourhood 
 
 (iii) Annual value 
 
 Nine-tenths of the fair average 
 rental, but not less than 
 5 per cent, of unimproved 
 capital value 
 
 The rent at which the pro- 
 perty may be expected to 
 let from year to year, free 
 of usual tenants' rates and 
 taxes and deduct ing 
 average annual cost of 
 insurance and maintenance 
 
 
 (iv) Crown lease 
 
 The unimproved capital 
 value is taken as equal to 
 twenty times the annual 
 rent 
 
 Hated on annual value, not on 
 capital value 
 
 Unimproved capital value 
 taken as twenty times the 
 annual rent, but not less 
 than 5s. per acre, if occupier 
 is bound to eradicate noxious 
 weeds 
 
 (v) Mineral Land 
 
 Coal. The unimproved capi- 
 tal value is taken as equal 
 to 3s. per ton of large and 
 Is. 6d. per ton of small coal 
 on the average output, or 
 on the value in fee simple 
 at option of Council 
 Other Minerals. Unim- 
 proved capital value taken 
 at 20 per cent, of annual 
 average value of ore sold, or 
 capital value, less improve- 
 ments, at option of Council 
 
 
 Unimproved capital value is 
 taken for j.old at twenty 
 times the annual rent, and 
 for oth T minerals at the fair 
 average unimproved value 
 or twenty times the annual 
 rent 
 
 (vi) Mineral Homestead 
 
 The unimproved value , is 
 taken as equal to twenty 
 times the annual rent 
 
 
 Unimproved value taken at 
 fair average unimproved 
 value, or twenty times the 
 annual rent 
 
 (vii) Valuation of Con- 
 ditional Purchase 
 
 Twenty times the annual rent 
 
 
 Fair average unimproved value 
 of fee-simple 
 
 (viii) Valuation of Tram- 
 ways 
 
 Council may make a fair 
 annual charge, based on 
 the nature and extent of 
 the benefit enjoyed by the 
 person concerned 
 
 
 Charge in lieu of rate, 1 per 
 cent, of the gross earnings 
 of vehicles running through 
 the area 
 
 (ix) Valuation of Gas 
 Mains 
 
 Council may make a fair 
 annual charge, based on 
 the nature and extent of 
 the benefits enjoyed by the 
 person concerned 
 
 
 Charge in lieu of rate 3-in. 
 mains, 1 ; over 3 to 6-in., 
 2 ; over 6 to 9-in., 4 ; 
 over 9-in., 8 per mile 
 
 (x) Valuation of Elec- 
 tric Mains 
 
 Council may make a fair 
 annual charge, based on 
 the nature and extent of 
 the benefit enjoyed by the 
 person concerned 
 
 
 Charge in lieu of rate : if 
 in pipes or other receptacles, 
 same as gas mains ; other 
 underground, 1 per mile ; 
 overhead, 5s. per mile 
 
 (xi) Valuation of Hy- 
 draulic Mains 
 
 Council may make a fair 
 annual charse. based on 
 the nature and extent of 
 the benefit enjoyed by the 
 person concerned 
 
 
 Charge in lieu of rate : for 
 high-pressure pipes, 5 per 
 mile during first ten years, 
 10 thereafter 
 
 (xii) Minimum Valua- 
 tion 
 
 Annual Value. Five per 
 cent, of unimproved capital 
 value 
 
 Annual Value. Five per cent 
 of the fair capital value of 
 the fee-simple 
 
 Rateable land not to be valued 
 at less than 30 in Town; 
 20 in Shire: 10 on gold 
 or mineral field 
 
 (xiii) Valuation to be 
 made 
 
 As soon as practicable after 
 passing Valuation of Land 
 Act., of unimproved capital 
 value, improved capital 
 value, and assessed annual 
 valne 
 Valuation list to be furnished 
 to Councils by Valuer- 
 General every three years 
 thereafter 
 
 From time to time 
 
 City or Town. Every three 
 years at least 
 Shire. Every five years at 
 least 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 259 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 
 
 District. The price at which the 
 land would sell in fee-simple 
 unencumbered without refer- 
 ence to minerals 
 
 
 
 M u n icipality. Average estimate< 
 annual rent, clear of all out- 
 goings, at which property 
 would rent for seven years, 
 but not less than 5 per cent, of 
 value of fee-simple 
 Dixlri'-t. Building and land, 
 four- fifths of the annual rental 
 or 5 per cent, of the capital 
 value. Unbuilt on township 
 land, 5 per cent, of capital 
 value 
 
 The fair average rent, less rates, 
 taxes, and 20 per cent, for 
 outgoings, but not less than 
 4 per cent, of value of fee- 
 simple. If land unimproved 
 and unoccupied, not less than 
 7 per cent. (Municipality) and 
 5 per cent. (District) on capital 
 value 
 Machinery not included as an 
 improvement 
 
 The annual rental that could 
 reasonably be demanded, less 
 rates and taxes 
 
 
 District. Unimproved capital 
 value taken as twenty times 
 the annual rent 
 
 
 District. The annual valuation 
 of a Crown Lease for minerals 
 must not exceed the rental 
 
 Annual value taken as fair annual 
 value with buildings without 
 regard to other improvements 
 or minerals 
 
 Annual value taken as the annual 
 rental less rates and taxes, 
 not inclusive of the value of 
 minerals 
 
 " " 
 
 Annual value taken as fair annual 
 value with buildings 
 
 * * 
 
 .- 
 
 
 
 
 Charge in lieu of rate, 3 per cent, 
 of gross earnings of vehicles 
 running through the area 
 District. Timber and firewood 
 lines, not exceeding 5 per cent, 
 of cost of construction, less 
 depreciation 
 
 Annual value not exceeding 100 
 per mile exclusive of buildings. 
 Capital value not exceeding 
 1.000 per mile 
 
 
 Charge in lieu of rate, not more 
 than 1} per cent, of the gross 
 receipts 
 
 
 
 Charge in lieu of rate, not more 
 than H per cent, of the gross 
 receipts 
 
 
 
 
 
 Municipality. Annual value, 5 
 per cent, of fee-simple 
 
 No property to be valued at less 
 than 
 Municipality. 2 10s. 
 District. 15 
 
 Annual value 3 per cent, of 
 capital value 
 
 Municipality. Annually, or 
 Council may use assessment of 
 previous year with necessary 
 alterations 
 District. Annually, or at least 
 once in every seven years, if 
 previous assessments adopted 
 
 Municipality. In or before De- 
 cember, annually 
 District. On or before 7th July, 
 annually 
 
 Before 1st October annually 
 
260 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 1 7 . Valuations or A ssess- 
 ments continued . 
 (xiv) Appeal against 
 Valuation to be 
 made 
 
 To Valuation Court 
 
 To Justices in Court of Petty 
 Sessions 
 Decision as to valuation final, 
 but appeal as to rate may 
 be made, if net annual 
 value amounts to 50 
 
 To Valuation Court consisting 
 of Police Magistrate or two 
 Justices of the Peace, but 
 Governor may fix the con- 
 stitution of Court 
 
 (xv) Appeal to be made 
 within 
 
 The time stated by Valuer- 
 General on valuation notice 
 
 One month. Fourteen days' 
 notice to be given to 
 Council 
 
 Twenty-eight days after re- 
 ceipt of notice of valuation 
 
 (xvi) Appeal against 
 Decision of Court 
 
 Decision of Valuation Court 
 final 
 
 To County Court. Court may 
 state case for Supreme 
 Court 
 
 To Supreme Court 
 
 (xvii) Fresh Valuation 
 
 At any time or on demand of 
 owner 
 
 Made from time to time. 
 Same appeals allowed as 
 with ordinary valuation 
 
 May be made annually of 
 whole area or at any time of 
 portion thereof. Notice to 
 be given to. occupier and 
 owner, and appeal to be 
 made within 28 days 
 
 (xviii) Appointment of 
 Valuers 
 
 Valuer-General and Valuers 
 appointed by Governor 
 under Valuation of Land 
 Act 1916 
 
 Valuers appointed by Coun- 
 cil. Must be competent 
 persons 
 
 Valuers appointed by Council. 
 Must not be Councillors 
 
 Uix) Penalties 
 
 Owner or Occupier refusing 
 information, &c. ; maxi- 
 mum, 10 
 Valuer making wilfully in- 
 correct valuation or state- 
 ment ; maximum, 50 
 
 Owner refusing information ; 
 maximum, 10 
 
 Valuer making wilfully incor- 
 rect valuations ; maximum, 
 20 for each error 
 Licensee or lessee making wil- 
 fully incorrect return of rent 
 paid ; maximum, 20 
 
 18. Contracts. 
 (i) Provisions regarding 
 Contracts 
 
 Council may enter into a con- 
 tract for performance of 
 any duties under the Act 
 
 Five days' notice to be given 
 in newspaper for contracts 
 of 100 and upwards, ex- 
 cept in cases of emergency 
 
 Fourteen days' notice to be 
 given in newspaper for con- 
 tracts of 100 and upwards, 
 except in cases of emergency 
 
 (ii) Miscellaneous Pro- 
 visions regarding 
 Contracts 
 
 
 Effective and substantial 
 preference to be given to 
 goods manufactured or 
 produced inCommonwealth; 
 if this not possible, pre- 
 ference to be given to 
 United Kingdom 
 
 
 19. By-laws, Ordinances, 
 <kc. 
 (i) How made 
 
 Governor may make, alter, or 
 repeal Ordinances, to be 
 published in Gazette and 
 have force of law. Council 
 may amend, rescind, or 
 make new Ordinance. Two- 
 thirds majority at special 
 meeting required, and one- 
 tenth of Electors may de- 
 mand a poll 
 Governor may make regula- 
 tions with force of law after 
 publication in Gazette 
 
 Passed by special order of 
 Council and sealed. Pub- 
 lished in Gazette 
 
 Passed and confirmed at special 
 meetings of Council, adver- 
 tised and approved by 
 Governor, and gazetted after 
 resolution passed. Copy of 
 by-law to be open for in- 
 spection for seven days in 
 Town and 30 days in Shire 
 before confirming 
 
 (ii) Maximum Penalty 
 permitted in a 
 By-law 
 
 50 
 
 20 
 
 50, or 5 a day 
 
 (Hi) How repealed 
 
 By Governor or Council 
 
 By subsequent by-law in- 
 consistent with or ex- 
 pressly altering or repealing 
 same ; also by Governor 
 
 By Governor by Order in 
 Council 
 
CONSPECtUS OF ACTS. 
 <;<>VERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 261 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 To Council. To be heard within 
 21 davs (Municipality), 32 
 d:iys (District) 
 
 Municipality. To Court consist- 
 ing of Chairman and at least 
 one-third of Councillors 
 District. To Council (at least six 
 days' notice of sitting to be 
 given) 
 
 To Council 
 
 Municipality. Ten days 
 District. Twenty-one days. 
 
 Municipality. Thirty days. Half 
 the rate to be deposited 
 District. One month. Half the 
 rate to be deposited 
 
 Thirty days 
 
 To Local Court within ten days 
 Court may state case for Supreme 
 Court 
 
 To Local Court within ten days. 
 (Municipality, with deposit of 
 1 Is.) 
 Court may state case for Supreme 
 Court 
 
 To any Commissioner appointed 
 to hold a Court of Requests 
 under the Local Courts Act 
 1896 
 
 Municipality. Amendments 
 made at any time, except 
 within seven days of annual 
 election 
 District. Amendments made at 
 any time, except within four- 
 teen days of election or taking 
 a poll 
 t 
 
 Council may amend rate book 
 from time to time. Seven days' 
 notice in Municipality to be 
 given to person whose rates are 
 altered; fourteen davs' in Dis- 
 trict. 
 District. Whenever necessary, 
 Minister may direct fresh valua- 
 tion from time to time 
 
 Chairman may at any time 
 amend roll when change of 
 ownership occurs, and Council 
 at any time on other grounds ; 
 fourteen days' notice to be 
 given to person affected 
 
 By Council 
 
 Council may make valuation or 
 appoint outside valuers 
 
 Council may make valuation or 
 appoint a competent Valuer 
 
 Municipality. Obstructing 
 valuer ; minimum, 5s. ; maxi- 
 mum, 5. Valuer neglecting 
 to leave assessment notice ; 
 minimum, 1 ; maximum, 10 
 District. Owner refusing to 
 answer questions or making 
 false statements ; maximum, 
 20 
 
 Valuer making wilfully incorrect 
 valuation ; maximum, 20. 
 Owner refusing to answer ques- 
 tions or giving false answers ; 
 maximum, 10 
 
 Owner making wilfully false 
 statements. Ac. ; minimum, 
 2 ; maximum, 10. Valuer 
 not making impartial valua- 
 tion ; maximum, six months' 
 imprisonment ; acting before 
 making declaration, maximum, 
 20 
 Obstructing officers ; maximum, 
 10 
 
 Council may make contracts 
 
 Council may make contracts 
 
 Fourteen days' notice to be given 
 for contracts of 20 and up- 
 wards, except in cases of 
 emergency 
 
 
 
 Contracts made verbally not to 
 exceed 5 
 
 Passed at meeting at which two- 
 thirds of Councillors present, 
 confirmed by Governor, pub- 
 lished in Gazette, and laid before 
 Parliament for 30 sitting days 
 (Municipality), fourteen d:ivs 
 (District) 
 
 Passed by C'ouncil and sealed, 
 confirmed by Governor, pub- 
 lished in Gazette, and laid before 
 both Houses of Parliament 
 
 Passed by special resolution of 
 Council, advertised, approved 
 by Attorney-General, gazetted, 
 and laid before both Houses of 
 Parliament for fourteen sitting 
 days 
 
 Munirlpality. 10 
 
 20 
 
 20, or 5 a day 
 
 Municipality. In same way as 
 making 
 District. By fresh by-law, regu- 
 lation, or proclamation by 
 Governor 
 
 Municipality. By subsequent by- 
 law 
 District. Council may alter or 
 repeal by-laws 
 
 By proclamation of Governor 
 
262 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 XKW SOUTH WALKS. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 19. By-laws, Ordinances, 
 &c. continued, 
 (iv) Testing Validity of 
 By-law 
 
 
 Ratepayer may dispute 
 validity by application to 
 Supreme Court, with de- 
 posit of 15 
 
 Resident Ratepayer may test 
 validity in Suprene Court, 
 deposit 15 
 
 20. Acquisition and 
 Disposal of Land. 
 (i) Land held by Coun- 
 cil 
 
 Council may, with approval 
 of Governor, sell or lease 
 lands not required for pur- 
 pose of Council 
 
 Council may sell land not re- 
 quired with consent of 
 Governor, or may let on 
 lease for not exceeding 
 seven years, or with con- 
 sent of Governor 21 years, 
 or on building lease 40 
 years 
 
 Council may erect and let 
 buildings, or lease land on 
 building lease for not ex- 
 ceeding 30 years with con- 
 sent of Governor 
 
 (ii) Voluntary Acquisi- 
 tion of Land 
 
 Council may acquire or rent 
 land for lawful purposes 
 with consent of Governor 
 
 Council may purchase or 
 lease land from persons 
 willing to sell or lease 
 
 Council may purchase or rent 
 land and buildings 
 
 (iii) Compulsory Acqui- 
 sition of Land 
 
 Council, after passing reso- 
 lution by absolute majority, 
 petitions Governor. Min- 
 ister appropriates land 
 under the Public Works 
 Act 1912 and vests it in the 
 Council. Land for new 
 roads to be acquired under 
 the Public Roads Act 1902 
 
 Consent of Governor required 
 Plans, &c., to be prepared. 
 Notice to be given in 
 Gazette and twice in news- 
 paper 
 
 Public Works Land Resump- 
 tion Act 1906, 1916. Council 
 to cause survey to be made 
 and open for inspection, and 
 advertised in Gazette and 
 newspaper. Consent of 
 Governor required 
 
 (iv) Notice of Acqui- 
 sition 
 
 Notification of acquisition 
 published in Gazette and 
 one or more newspapers 
 circulating locally 
 
 Forty days' notice to be given 
 in' Gazette, and seven days 
 after publication therein 
 Council to send notice to 
 each owner. Objectors 
 appear before Council 
 
 Thirty days' notice to be given 
 in Gazette and newspaper 
 
 (v) Compensation 
 
 Council repays Government 
 the compensation paid in 
 accordance with Public 
 Works Act 1912. Interest 
 on sums due as compen- 
 sation fixed at 4 per cent. 
 
 Council to make full com- 
 pensation for value of land 
 and damages 
 Claims to be made within 
 two years. Enhancement 
 in value to be considered. 
 Police Magistrate settles 
 cases of 500 and under, 
 County Court Judge over 
 500 
 
 Claim to be made within three 
 years. Enhancement to be 
 considered. Compensation 
 determined by Land Court 
 
 (vi) Exchange of Land 
 
 Compensation for land re- 
 sumed for road may be 
 made wholly or partly in 
 land 
 
 Owner of adjoining land from 
 whom land is taken may 
 be required to take portion 
 of former road in exchange 
 
 
 (vii) Land held in Trust 
 
 
 
 Council when appointed 
 Cemetery Trustees have the 
 powers under the Cemeteries, 
 Act 1915 
 
 Council may hold land in trust 
 for charitable or public pur- 
 poses, if not connected with 
 religious worship 
 
 21. Main Roads. - 
 (i) Definition 
 
 Shire. Government may de- 
 clare a Main Road, where a 
 large amount of Crown lane 
 is thrown open, to be a 
 national work 
 
 Those determined by the 
 Country Roads Board, con 
 sisting of three members 
 appointed by Governor 
 
 A road, which, being a main 
 thoroughfare, passes through 
 two or more areas, or is a 
 boundary road abutting on 
 more than two areas, or 
 fulfils both of these con- 
 ditions 
 
 (ii) Construction 
 
 Municipality. By Council 
 Shire. Government may de 
 fray a portion of the 
 cost of construction 
 
 Government pays one-half o 
 the cost of construction 
 Municipalities other half 
 Government may borrow 
 up to 400,000. Counci 
 pays to Government 6 pe 
 cent, annually on the 
 amount due in respect o 
 permanent works, and may 
 levy a special rate no 
 exceeding 6d. in the 1 
 on annual value 
 
 By Joint Authorities or l.ocai 
 Authority 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 263 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 \\ KSTKKN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Anv person may apply to 
 Suireme Court, deposit 15 
 
 Municipality k Ratepayer may 
 test validity in Supreme Court. 
 Deposit 20 
 
 Elector may test validity in 
 Supreme Court. Deposit, 15 
 
 Council may lease land by tender 
 or auction, for period not ex- 
 ceeding 50 years, except parks 
 
 Council may sell land with con- 
 sent of Governor or lease same 
 for a period not exceeding three 
 years without such consent 
 
 Superfluous land acquired under 
 Lint (I Clauses Act to be sold 
 within ten years of time for 
 completion of works, to be 
 offered to original owner first 
 and then to adjoining owner 
 Council may lease land for not 
 exceeding 21 years without 
 consent of Governor 
 
 Council may purchase or accept 
 as gift land for public purposes, 
 except for religious purposes 
 
 Council may purchase or lease land 
 and work quarries 
 
 Council may purchase land 
 
 < onsi'iit of Governor required 
 Plans to be prepared and open 
 lor inspection lor 40 days alter 
 notice given in Gazette and 
 twice in newspaper 
 
 Council may acquire land com- 
 pulsorily with consent of 
 Governor, subject to the Public 
 Work* Art 
 
 Land Clauses Act 1857. Council 
 may compulsorily acquire land 
 
 Notices to be served on owner, 
 lessee, and occupier. Objec- 
 tions heard by Council after 
 expiration of 40 days 
 
 Notice to be published in Gazette 
 and served on owners of land 
 
 Notice to be given to all parties, 
 if not found to be advertised 
 and posted up on land 
 
 Compensation settled by arbi- 
 tration or jury under the Land 
 cinuxe* Consolidation Act. 
 RnbsDoement in value to be 
 considered 
 
 Claims for compensation to be 
 made within two years 
 Claims not settled by agreement, 
 decided by Compensation Court 
 of two Assessors and Resident 
 or Police Magistrate, if under 
 500, and Judge if over 500 
 
 Claims to be made within 21 
 days, settled by arbitration. 
 Appeal allowed within ten 
 days to Supreme Court, if 
 sum exceeds 50 
 
 fiislrift. Council may exchange 
 reserves and other lands vest d 
 in them. Objections to be 
 heard. Consent of Governor 
 required 
 
 District. When any road is 
 closed and -a new one made in 
 lieu thereof through land be- 
 longing to same person exchange 
 to be made 
 
 
 Council may hold property in 
 trust for 'charitable cr public 
 but not for religious purpu-^s. 
 Land on trust cannot be leased 
 for longer than 50 years 
 
 Municipality. -~ Council may be- 
 come trustees of Cemetery 
 
 
 Roads which are scheduled under 
 the Roads Acts 1884, 18v> and 
 1915 
 
 District. Governor may proclaim 
 a Main Road. Government 
 Road is a road declared under 
 the Pvt.lic Works Act 1902 
 
 Such roads as are proclaimed by 
 the Governor to be Main Roads 
 on the recommendation of 
 the Main Roads Advisory 
 Board 
 
 Local Authority constructs main 
 roads out of moneys voted 
 from time to time by Parlia- 
 ment 
 
 District,. Bv Government, under 
 I'i'Mic Works Act 1902 
 
 By Government, under Public 
 ' \Vorkx Execution Act passed 
 annually 
 
264 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 21. Main Roads con- 
 tinned. 
 (iii) Maintenance 
 
 By Council 
 
 Same as construction, except 
 that Council pays annually 
 the amount due in respect 
 of maintenance 
 
 By Joint Authorities" or Loral 
 Authority 
 
 22. Public Roads. 
 (i) Definition 
 
 Any road which the public 
 are entitled to use under 
 the Public Roads Act also 
 any road proclaimed or 
 dedicated under any Act 
 dealing with public roads, 
 or a main road, or a. road of 
 which Council has control 
 
 On request of Council, Governor 
 may proclaim any hind 
 reserved or purchased to 
 be a public highway. Any 
 street, at least 33 feet wide, 
 made at expense of adja- 
 cent owners, is deemed 
 dedicated to public, unless 
 owner objects within three 
 months of the making 
 thereof 
 
 A street, road, or highway 
 dedicated to the public 
 
 (ii) Construction 
 
 By Council 
 
 By Council. Streets on private 
 property and those giving 
 ' access to back premises and 
 drainage constructed by 
 Council at cost of owners 
 abutting, fourteen davs' 
 notice to be served 'on 
 owner, who may object 
 
 Council charged with con- 
 struction or all roads within 
 its area other than those 
 excepted by proclamation of 
 Governor 
 
 (iii) New Roads 
 
 Minister or Council may open 
 new roads, notice to be 
 published in Gazette and 
 newspaper and sent to 
 owner or occupier. Objec- 
 tions within one month. 
 Owner to be compensated. 
 Council to construct and 
 maintain 
 
 Council may Open new roads 
 
 Plans to be submitted to 
 Council, whose decision must 
 be made within 42 days. If 
 Council objects, it must send 
 plan to Minister, who hears 
 objections within 42 days, 
 and decides 
 Council's objection final if road 
 less than 1 chain in width 
 
 (iv) Closing Roads 
 
 No road may be closed under 
 the Public Roads Acts with- 
 out consent of Council. 
 Minister may close road for 
 six months on giving notice 
 in Gazette 
 
 Governor may under Land 
 Act 1915, with consent of 
 Council, close unused road 
 and sell same to owner of 
 adjoining land 
 
 Person desiring closure and 
 Minister to give two months' 
 notice to Council, specify- 
 ing time for objections. 
 After considering objections 
 Governor makes order 
 
 (v) Width of Roads 
 
 No street to be less than 66 
 feet wide, under the Width 
 of Streets and Lanes Act 
 1902 
 
 Fixed by Governor 
 No new road to be less than 
 66 feet wide, except with 
 consent of Minister 
 
 \ 
 
 (vi) Alteration and Di- 
 version of Roads 
 
 Council may divert any road, 
 alter or increase the width 
 of any public road. Land 
 for this purpose to be 
 acquired under the Public 
 Roads Act 1902 
 
 Council may make deviations 
 through Crown lands 
 Council may reduce width to 
 not less than 66 feet with 
 consent of Board of Lands 
 and Works, and of three- 
 fourths of owners abutting 
 thereon, or in certain cases 
 of every owner 
 
 Council may alter or divert 
 road s 
 
 (vii) Fencing Roads 
 
 If a fenced enclosure is broken 
 by a road, Minister may 
 either make a grant-in-aid 
 towards the cost of fencing 
 or grant permission for 
 gates under the Public 
 Gates Act 
 
 Council to fence new roads 
 and keep same in repair for 
 three years 
 
 Council may fence footways 
 Council altering or diverting 
 fenced road, or opening new 
 road through enclosed land 
 or taking away fence for 
 widening road, to fence road 
 and compensate owner 
 
 (viii) Alleys and Courts 
 
 No lane to be less than 20 feet 
 wide, under Width of Streets 
 and Lanes Act 1902 
 
 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 265 
 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WKSTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 /'//// and District. Local 
 authority uith (i<>\ eminent 
 Grant 
 Jti-trirt. Bv Associated Dis- 
 trict Council Road Board, 
 if any 
 
 District. By Government 
 
 Partly by Councils and partly 
 by Government, the amounts 
 to be expended by each being 
 fixed annually by the Main 
 Roads Advisory Board 
 
 Public roads within the moaning 
 of the Roads Act 1884 are those 
 shown on maps as public, 
 opened by Council, vested in 
 Council by owners or Supreme 
 Court, or declared public by 
 Council 
 Xtistrict. Also those in use by 
 public for five years in Town- 
 ship, ten years outside Town- 
 ship. Any street in Township, 
 wholly or partly sold, may be 
 opened by Council at request 
 of two-thirds of adjoining 
 owners 
 
 Municipality. All lands reserved 
 or acquired for roads dedicated 
 by Government. Surveyed 
 streets not less than 66 feet 
 wide or not less than 25 feet 
 wide if already in use may be 
 dedicated. Private road may 
 be declared public on applica- 
 tion of owners or occupiers 
 abutting thereon 
 District. Any land notified as 
 road in Gazette also any public 
 highway not a Government road 
 
 Roads which are not main roads 
 or by-roads 
 
 By Council 
 
 By Council 
 District. Governor may exempt 
 roads from jurisdiction of Coun- 
 cil. No road to be constructed 
 within 66 feet of permanent 
 building without consent of 
 owner except in Town or subur- 
 ban lands 
 
 Eith'er by Government under 
 Public Works Execution Act, 
 or by Council with assistance 
 of Government subsidy 
 
 Municipality. No new street to 
 be less than -40 feet wide, except 
 right-of-ways to back premises, 
 which may be not less than 12 
 feet 
 District. In Township, Council 
 may recover half the cost from 
 owners abutting, but not ex- 
 ceeding 2s. per foot of frontage 
 
 Municipality. Council may open 
 up new roads 
 District. New roads to be con- 
 firmed by Governor 
 
 Council may open up new roads 
 No new street in a Town to be 
 less than 50 feet wide if a 
 carriage road, otherwise 20 feet 
 
 M'lniciptility. Council may close 
 road if majority of Councillors 
 resolution. Confirmation 
 of Governor required. Appeal 
 may be made within three 
 months 
 District. Unoccupied road may 
 be enclosed and leased 
 
 Council may close road on resolu- 
 tion of majority of ratepayers, 
 or on application of owner or 
 occupier of adjoining land. Con- 
 sent of Governor required 
 District. Council, by resolution, 
 may close track not being a road 
 
 When any new road is constructed 
 or any existing road diverted, 
 Council may close old road, 
 unless it leads to house, etc., 
 when it remains a by-road 
 
 Municipality. Not less than 40 
 feet, except continuations of 
 existing street 
 . In Township not less 
 than 40 feet 
 
 No new street to be less than 66 
 feet wide 
 
 No road to be more than 66 feet 
 wide, except with consent of 
 owners on each side 
 
 Council may increase or decrease 
 width of footpath, road, or 
 i-arriaire way, also divert and 
 alter same 
 
 Municipality. Council may de- 
 clare new road in place of old 
 road, and may sell old road 
 Council may alter, divert, or in- 
 crease width 
 District. Council may alter roads, 
 diversion to be confirmed by 
 Governor 
 
 Council may widen, divert, or 
 alter roads 
 
 Municipality. Council may order 
 land abutting on public street 
 not enclosed to be fenced 
 Jiixt.fi'-t. Council may make 
 by-laws regulating the erection 
 or construction of fences abut- 
 ting on public places 
 
 Council may cause land abutting 
 on a footway to be fenced 
 District. If road passes through 
 fenced land, owner may require 
 Council within 90 days to fence 
 same or erect gates. Owner to 
 maintain same 
 
 Council may compel owner to 
 erect fence on land abutting 
 on formed footpath 
 Temporary road to be fenced 
 
 Municipality. Alleys to be not 
 less than 20 feet wide, to have 
 two entrances, and be secured 
 against ingress of horses and 
 cattle 
 
 
 
 Owners may request Council to 
 make and repair right-of-way 
 at owner's expense 
 
266 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 XEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSIAXD. 
 
 22. Public Roads con- 
 tinued, 
 (ix) Crossing Places 
 
 
 Council may make by-laws in 
 accordance with schedule 
 Owner makes and maintains 
 
 crossings 
 
 Council may make bv-laws 
 imposing on owners the duty 
 of making and maintaining 
 crossings over footways and 
 channels 
 
 (x) Strips of Land along- 
 side Roads 
 
 
 Owner of fee-simple of land 
 abittting on strips not ex- 
 ceeding 4 feet in width is 
 entitled to purchase same 
 
 
 (xi) Footpaths and 
 Kerbing 
 
 Council may recover half of 
 the cost of kerbing and 
 footpaths from the owners 
 of abutting land. Seven 
 days' notice, with estimated 
 cost, to be given 
 
 Half the cost of kerbing and 
 making footpaths borne by 
 the owner of land fronting 
 thereon 
 
 
 xii) Unused lloads 
 
 Unused roads may be closed 
 by Minister on giving one 
 month's notice to owners 
 of land fronting thereon 
 
 A road adjoining purchased 
 lands, not required for 
 public use, may be sold. 
 Minister may grant licences 
 for occupation of unused 
 road for three years at a 
 fee of 5 per cent, of the 
 capital value 
 
 
 (xiii) Tree Reserves on 
 Roads 
 
 Tree reserves not to reduce 
 the width of a road to less 
 than 44 feet 
 
 Tree reserves not to reduce 
 the width of a road to less 
 than 46 feet, nor be more 
 than 10 chains in length. 
 Governor to make order 
 
 Governor may declare tree 
 reserves, but width of road 
 must not be reduced to less 
 than 44 feet, and reserve 
 must not exceed 40 chains 
 in length 
 
 (xiv) Miscellaneous 
 
 Quarries, water-holes, or 
 shafts within 50 yards of 
 highway to be fenced 
 Obstructions to be removed 
 within 60 days, notice to 
 be given in Gazette and 
 twice in newspaper 
 
 Dangerous holes alongside 
 road to be filled lip or fenced 
 in by owner 
 Council may erect refuges, 
 statues, fountains, monu- 
 ments, seats, cabmen's 
 shelters, closets, urinals, Ac. 
 Drifting sand on roads a 
 nuisance under Public 
 Halth A"i 
 Overhanging trees to be 
 removed by owner or 
 occupier 
 
 Dangerous holes alongside road 
 to be filled in, covered, or 
 fenced by owner 
 Council may erect refuges Ac. 
 Railways to maintain crossings 
 and 6 feet on each side ol 
 rails 
 Overhanging trees to le re- 
 moved by owner 
 
 (xv) Penalties 
 
 Obstruction of road, maxi- 
 mum 100 
 Wilfully injuring trees, Ac., 
 minimum 2 ; maximum 
 20 ' 
 Obstructions on or across 
 roads, maximum 20 and 
 5 per day 
 Allowing animal to stray, 
 minimum 5s. ; maximum 
 5 
 General penalties, minimum 
 10s. ; maximum 20 
 
 Trees obstructing or injuring 
 roai. maximum 5 
 Removing materials of road, 
 maximum 5 and up to 5s. 
 for each square foot re- 
 moved 
 Obstructing road, maximum 
 20, and 5 a dav there- 
 after 
 
 Not filling, Ac., dangerous 
 holes, maximum 20 
 Injuring or defacing street 
 names and numbers, maxi- 
 mum 10 
 Surveyor failing to deposit \ 
 plan of new road with Conn- " 
 cil, maximum 20 
 Owner not removing over- 
 hanging trees, maximum 1 \ 
 per day 
 
 | 
 
 23. Alignment and 
 Levels of Roads. 
 (i) Alignment 
 
 Made by Minister on applica- 
 tion by Council. One 
 month's notice in Gazette 
 to be given 
 
 Council may make or lay 
 out any new street, road, 
 lane, or passage 
 
 Minister may cause alignment 
 to be made when necessary. 
 Council to bear cost. Plan 
 to be open for inspection ] 
 during three months 
 
 (ii) Objections to Align- 
 ment 
 
 Objections to be lodged within 
 one month after notice 
 Council deals with objections 
 to satisfaction of Minister 
 
 
 Owner of rateable land affected 
 may lodge objections with 
 Minister. Objections heard 
 by Minister or authorized 
 surveyor within 30 days 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 <it>\ KRXMKXT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 267 
 
 SOUTH A r< 1 1: ALIA. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 M"tii>-!pii/iti/.- Kt'u'iilatcd by 
 Council. Owner may have 
 -ame made and repaired at his 
 "wn expense 
 
 Mnnicipiilifi/. Council may fix 
 and may require owners to make 
 and repair crossings 
 
 Council may require owners to 
 make and repair crossings 
 
 IVr-,m submitting plan of new 
 road may be required either to 
 procure any strips of land less 
 than 10 feet wide a but tint; on 
 public street to be vested cost 
 free in Council, or to pay to the 
 Council the compensation to be 
 paid by the Council 
 
 Municipality. If owner has re- 
 served strip not more than 5 
 links wide, Council may, when 
 road dedicated, include same, 
 unless it has been improved 
 
 
 Half the cost of kerbing and 
 making footpaths borne hy 
 owners of adjoining land 
 Owner may charge tenant 7 per 
 cent. (Municipality), 5 per cent. 
 (District) of his share of the 
 cost 
 
 Half the cost of kerbing and mak- 
 ing footpaths borne by owners 
 of abutting land 
 Municipality. If footpath over 
 9 feet in width, owner only pays 
 one-third 
 
 On application of two-thirds of 
 owners of abutting lands, Coun- 
 cil may cause whole or part 
 of street to be formed, paved, 
 Ac., at owner's expense 
 
 District. Council may lease to 
 owner of adjoining land for not 
 longer than twelve months, 
 providing road is fenced off and 
 gate erected 
 
 Municipality. Governor may au- 
 thorize sale of road, if it is re- 
 quired for access to purchased 
 land only 
 
 Council may lease unused road 
 for period not exceeding three 
 years. One month's notice to 
 be given 
 
 Municipality. Council may plant 
 trees when road exceeds 100 
 feet in width 
 Di^ti-'xl.. Council may plant 
 trees, but not so as to obstruct 
 traffic 
 
 Municipality. Reserve not to 
 reduce width of road to less than 
 50 feet, nor be more than 5 
 chains in length 
 
 Reserve not to reduce width of 
 street to less than 46 feet, nor 
 to be longer than 10 chains. 
 Reserves proclaimed by Gover- 
 nor at request of Council 
 
 Municipality. Council may re- 
 quire owner to fence in to pre- 
 vent sand, &c., drifting on to 
 a road 
 Dangerous holes alongside road 
 to be filled in or fenced in by 
 owner within 24 hours of notice 
 Holes not to be dug within 5 feet 
 of road, and to have batte/ of 
 1 in 5 
 District. Council may make 
 bicycle tracks on public road 
 Drifting sand. District Council 
 may clear trees, plant grasses, 
 &c., and call on owner of ad- 
 joining land to do same 
 
 Under Sand Drift Act 1889, Council 
 may call on owner to bush, 
 fence, wall, &c., in default 
 Council does so at his expense 
 Council may erect refuges, &c. 
 Encroaching trees, weeds, tVc.. to 
 be kept clear from road 
 District. Dangerous holes along- 
 side road to be fenced in 
 
 Quarries and pits to be filled up 
 or fenced in 
 
 Municipality. Laying out new 
 street, etc., without notice, 
 minimum 10 ; maximum 50, 
 and 5 to 10 per day 
 Erecting house on street less than 
 40 feet wide, minimum 1 ; 
 maximum 10, and 1 to 5 
 per day 
 
 Removing materials of road, maxi- 
 mum 5 and maximum 10s. per 
 square foot 
 Municipality. Encroachment on 
 streets, maximum 20, and 
 maximum 5 a day. Failing to 
 remove obstructing trees, &c., 
 maximum 5 
 
 Damaging lamps, roads, bridges, 
 etc., maximum 20 and 
 damages 
 Encroachment on road, obstruc- 
 tion by hedges, obstructing 
 road, &c., maximum 20 
 Animals straying on road, maxi- 
 mum 5 
 
 Council may align roads and 
 streets, and fix permanent 
 marks 
 Notice to be given within three 
 months (Municipality), one 
 month (District) 
 
 Municipality. Council may cause 
 streets to be aligned 
 Under the Alignment of Streets Act 
 1844 Surveyor-General in- 
 structed to align streets in 
 Towns 
 
 
 Objections made by caveat to 
 Supreme Court 
 
 
 
268 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 23. Alignment and Levels 
 of Roads continued. 
 (Hi) Encroachment of 
 Buildings, <fec. 
 
 Encroachments to be removed 
 within 60 days from notice 
 in Gazette and newspaper, 
 and served on owner 
 
 Encroachments previous to 
 1863 Act to be removed 
 and compensated for 
 
 Owners of land encroaching on 
 alignment to be compensated 
 it area reduced 
 
 (iv) Levels of Roads 
 
 Council may cause the level 
 or surface of any public 
 road or footpath to be 
 raised or lowered 
 
 Levels to be fixed by Sur- 
 veyor. 
 (The regulations regarding 
 levels apply only to 
 Boroughs and parts of 
 Shires, which have been 
 Boroughs, or have by-laws 
 applicable.) 
 
 City or Town. Owner of land 
 abutting on road may re- 
 quire Council to fix per- 
 manent levels 
 Shire. Council may and shall, 
 if required bv .Minister, fix 
 levels 
 
 (v) Xotice and Objec- 
 tions 
 
 One month's notice of fixing 
 or altering levels to be 
 given and advertised twice 
 in newspaper. Council to 
 hear objections 
 
 One month's notice to be 
 given twice in newspaper. 
 Council to consider objec- 
 tions. Appeal to Police 
 Magistrate allowed within 
 fourteen days 
 
 
 (vi) Alteration of Levels 
 
 Council may alter levels sub- 
 ject to right of any person 
 affected to be heard 
 
 Compensation given to per- 
 sons interested in property 
 injuriously affected by 
 alteration of levels 
 
 Council to make compensa- 
 tion for alteration of level 
 
 24. Maintenance of 
 Public Roads. . 
 (i) Maintained by 
 
 Council 
 
 Council 
 
 Council 
 
 (ii) Boundary Roads 
 
 Councils to unite to main- 
 tain and repair. If within 
 three months Councils fail 
 x to agree matter referred to 
 Governor 
 
 Municipalities bound to unite 
 in making or repairing road 
 on their common boundary 
 
 Constructed and maintained 
 by joint Council- 
 
 (iii) Temporary Roads 
 while repairs be- 
 ing effected 
 
 Council may make temporary 
 road through land, not site 
 of house or garden, &c. 
 When publi3 road closed 
 for repairs, 24 hours' notice 
 to be given. Temporary 
 road to be fenced 
 
 Council may make temporary 
 road, but not through site 
 of house, garden, .Vc. 
 Temporary road must be 
 fenced in during use 
 
 Council may make temporary 
 road through adjoining land 
 and compensate owner 
 
 (iv) Stoppage of Traffic 
 
 Council may close road and 
 stop traffic when making, 
 <fec., road ; seven days' 
 notice to be given in news- 
 paper and posted on road 
 
 Council may stop traffic during 
 repairs. Certain kinds of 
 traffic may be stopped 
 during portion of year. 
 Seven days' notice to be 
 given in newspaper and 
 posted up 
 
 Council mav temnorarilv pro- 
 hibit and divert traffic. 
 Xotice by advert isement_to 
 be given 
 
 (v) Precautions taken 
 during Repairs 
 
 Lights to be fixed at night 
 
 Bars or chains to be fixed and 
 lighted and guarded at 
 
 night 
 
 Council to protect adjoining 
 structures, fix bars or chains 
 across road, and light and 
 guard during the night 
 
 (vi) Materials for Re- 
 pairing Roads 
 
 Council may remove materials 
 from private land not being 
 garden, &c., and not within 
 50 yards of dwelling, etc., 
 on paying compensation 
 
 Council may remove materials 
 from private property, not 
 being a dwelling, garden, 
 fcc., and not within 50 
 yards of a bridge, Ac.. 
 Council to fill iu holes and 
 pay compensation 
 
 Council may take materials 
 from private land not 
 within 50 yards of dwelling 
 house and compensate 
 owner. Hole to be filled up, 
 sloped down, or fenced in 
 by Council 
 
 (vii) Stacking Materials 
 on Roads 
 
 
 
 
 (viii) Penalties 
 
 
 Removing barriers across 
 roads or extinguishing 
 lights maximum, 5 
 Surveyor not filling holes ; 
 maximum, 5 
 
 Removing barriers across 
 roads ; maximum, 10 
 Council not filling. <Vc., hole ; 
 maximum, 20 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 269 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 ."ilit/t. Erections con- 
 tracting proper width of street, 
 AH-., to be removed 
 
 Municipality, Encroachments 
 erected after the Building Act 
 1884 was passed to be removed 
 
 No building to be less than 25 
 feet from centre of road 
 
 Municipality. Levels of new 
 streets to be llxed by Surveyor 
 
 Municipality. Council to lix levels 
 of new streets 
 
 Levels of new streets to be fixed 
 by Council 
 
 
 
 
 " * 
 
 Municipality. Council may alter 
 levels and require pipes, &c., 
 to be lowered 
 
 
 Council 
 
 Council 
 
 Either by Council with Govern- 
 ment subsidy, or by Govern- 
 ment under Public Works 
 Execution Act 
 
 Maintained at the expense of 
 both Councils 
 Governor may, without petition, 
 annex to one or more Councils 
 
 Councils bound to unite in making 
 or repairing boundary roads 
 
 Maintained at joint expense of 
 adjoining Councils 
 
 
 Municipality. Council may make 
 temporary road, but not through 
 curtilage of house, <fec., and 
 must compensate owner 
 
 Uncultivated land may be used 
 for temporary road 
 
 Surveyor or Council may prevent 
 tnillic during repairs 
 
 Council may close road and stop 
 traffic while road under repair 
 
 Council may close road while 
 under repair 
 
 Barriers to be erected and lighted 
 at night 
 
 Barriers, lighted at night, to be 
 erected 
 
 Barriers to be erected and 
 lighted at night 
 
 Council may remove materials, 
 within 200 yards (Municipality), 
 5 miles (District) of works, 
 from private property, but 
 not from garden, &c., or from 
 nearer than 500 yards from 
 dwelling house. Owner to be 
 compensated 
 
 District. Council may remove 
 materials from non-cultivated 
 private land, on payment of 
 compensation 
 
 Indigenous timber and materials 
 may be taken from land not 
 garden, &c., on giving seven 
 days' notice and paying com- 
 pensation 
 
 District. .Materials may be 
 stacked not less than 13 feet 
 from centre of road, unless road 
 narrow, then 10 feet 
 
 District. Materials to be stacked 
 clear of the made portion of 
 roadway 
 
 
 Municipality. Removing bar- 
 riers across roads or extin- 
 guishing lights : maximum, 5 
 Dixtrii-t. Contractor leaving 
 material on road unguarded at 
 night ; maximum, 10 
 
 Municipality. Removing barriers 
 across roads : maximum, 5 
 Extinguishing lights on barriers ; 
 maximum, 5 
 
 Removing barrier or extinguish- 
 ing light ; maximum, 5 
 
270 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUJH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 25. Gates across Roads. 
 (i) Conditions for 
 Erection 
 
 Occupier may apply for gate 
 when unfenced public road 
 passes through his property 
 (Council may acquire powers 
 of Secretary for Lands 
 under Public Gates Act 1901) 
 
 On application of Council, 
 Governor may grant to 
 owner of adjoining lands 
 licence to erect unlocked 
 swing gates for time limited 
 in licence 
 
 Shire. Council grants licences, 
 to be in force until 31st 
 December, and imposes con- 
 ditions. Maximum fees, 2 
 per annum on main 
 thoroughfares, 1 on other 
 roads. Governor mav cancel 
 licence 
 
 (ii) Notice of Erection 
 
 Notice to be given in news- 
 paper 
 
 Notice to be published in 
 Gazette and once a week for 
 four weeks in newspaper 
 
 Occupier desiring licence to 
 advertise twice in news- 
 paper not less than one nor 
 more than two months be- 
 fore making application 
 
 (iii) Objections to Gates 
 
 To be made within 28 days 
 
 
 Objections heard by Councils. 
 Objections to renewal of 
 licence to be lodged in 
 November 
 
 (iv) Duties of Licence- 
 holder 
 
 To maintain gate and con- 
 struct approaches not ex- 
 ceeding 22 yards from each 
 side of gate 
 
 
 Gate to be kept in good repair 
 and road maintained for 50 
 yards on each side 
 
 (v) Inscription on Gate 
 
 " Public Gate " 
 
 
 " Licensed Public Gate " 
 
 (vi) Penalties 
 
 Leaving gate open ; maxi- 
 mum 5 and damages. If 
 wilfully ; maximum 20 
 Placing inscription on un- 
 authorized gate ; maxi- 
 mum 50. Injuring gate ; 
 maximum 5 
 
 Damaging or destroying gate ; 
 maximum, 10. Leaving 
 gate open ; maximum, 2 
 
 Licensee neglecting to keep 
 gate or road in repair ; maxi- 
 mum, 10 
 Leaving gate open or damag- 
 ing same ; maximum, 10 
 
 26. Private Roads. 
 (i) Construction 
 
 Approval of Council must be 
 obtained ; owner to make 
 and drain at his own ex- 
 pense. Notification of dis- 
 approval to be given within 
 40 days ; owner may appeal 
 to District Court 
 
 Owner to apply to Council 
 and find bond for payment 
 of all charges and expenses 
 Council takes over road 
 and opens as private road. 
 Minimum width, 33 feet. 
 Road must be fenced 
 
 
 (ii) Maintenance 
 
 Council may exercise power 
 of taking over and main- 
 taining 
 
 By owner until dedicated 
 
 
 (iii) How made Public 
 
 By dedication 
 
 Road at least 33 feet wide 
 deemed to be dedicated 
 unless some owner objects 
 within three months 
 
 
 (iv)iPenalties 
 
 Opening private road without 
 approval of Council ; maxi- 
 mum 100 
 
 Laying out new street without 
 consent of Council ; maxi- 
 mum, 50 
 
 
 27. Traffic. 
 (i) Regulations 
 
 The Metropolitan Traffic Act 
 1900 does not apply to a 
 Shire, but Governor may 
 apply Act to Shire within 
 County of Cumberland at 
 request of Council 
 Council may regulate by 
 Ordinance^traffic in public 
 places 
 
 Council may make by-laws 
 regulating traffic and pro- 
 cessions 
 
 Council may make by-laws 
 regarding all kinds of traffic 
 Governor may proclaim Traf- 
 fic Districts under the Traffic 
 Act 1905, 1910, 1916, and 
 the Council ceases to have 
 control, which is entrusted 
 to the Commissioner of 
 Police 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 271 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WKSTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Mn/ticiitiilitii.- -Council may 
 /rant pi>ntiis>inii for irate ; fee, 
 :N. M. lor cadi ualc 
 Dixtrict. -Inorrupied roads may 
 be leased and enclosed, but 
 must have gate 12 feet wide. 
 Lease for not longer than 
 twelve months 
 
 Municipality. Where t raii'n- 
 slight, unlocked swing gates 
 may be erected with consent of 
 Council and Governor 
 District. Application to Council 
 can be made for permission to 
 erect a gate. Registration fee, 
 maximum 2s. 6d. 
 
 Gate may be erected on by-road. 
 Gate not to be less than 10 feet 
 wide 
 
 
 Municipality. Notice to be given 
 in Gazette and once a week for 
 four weeks in newspaper 
 District. Notice as Council sees 
 fit 
 
 
 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 
 Municipality. " Public Road " 
 District. " Leased Public Road " 
 
 
 " By-road Gate. Shut the Gate 
 under penalty of Five Pounds." 
 If gate rabbit-proof, " Rabbit- 
 proof Gate. Shut this Gate 
 or incur a Penalty of Twenty 
 Pounds " 
 
 District. Leaving gate open ; 
 maximum, 2. Destroying 
 gate ; maximum, 10 ; sub- 
 sequent offence up to six 
 months with hard labour 
 
 District. Leaving gate open ; 
 maximum, 20 
 
 Leaving gate .open, maximum 
 5 ; if rabbit-proof, maximum 
 20 
 
 Municipality. To be approved 
 by Surveyor-General and Coun- 
 cil. Not to be less than 40 feet 
 wide (except in Adelaide). 
 Access to back premises, mini- 
 mum width, 12 feet 
 Dint rid. Constructed at expense 
 of owner 
 
 Municipality. Subject to pro- 
 visions of Act as to prevention 
 and suppression of nuisances 
 after it has been set out and 
 aligned 
 
 By-road defined by Surveyor at 
 request of land-holder. Board 
 acquires land. Land-holder 
 constructs 
 Council after special resolution 
 may cause private street to be 
 constructed at abutting 
 owners' expense. Carriage 
 road to be not less than 60 feet 
 wide, unless by-laws permit of 
 50 feet. Other private streets 
 not to be less than 30 feet 
 
 Municipality. Occupier or 
 owner to keep clean, and 
 repair 
 
 
 By Council 
 By-roads maintained by land- 
 holder and fenced for five 
 years or gate erected 
 
 Dedication by owner, or use 
 by public for five years in 
 Municipality or Township, or 
 ten years otherwise 
 
 Municipality. On application of 
 owners of greater part of rateable 
 value abutting 
 
 Police Act 1905. On application 
 by majority in value of occu- 
 piers of lands and buildings 
 in the street 
 
 Miitiiri/Hiliti/. Not keeping pri- 
 vate road clean; minimum 
 10s., maximum 2. Forming 
 alley contrary to regulations ; 
 minimum 5, maximum 20 ; 
 and minimum 1, maximum 
 5 per day 
 
 
 
 District. Council may make by 
 Jaws regulating traffic 
 
 Council may make by-laws regu- 
 lating traffic, &c. 
 
 Council may make regulations 
 and by-laws regarding traffic 
 
272 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 27. Traffic continued, 
 (ii) Stoppage of Traffic 
 
 
 Council may stop traffic during 
 repairs to road, or when 
 road deemed unsafe ; seven 
 days' notice to be given 
 in newspaper. No vehicles 
 with load exceeding 10 
 tons may be used on high- 
 way without permission 
 
 Council or Commissioner may 
 temporarily prohibit and 
 divert traffic, after adver- 
 tisement in newspaper, and 
 may temporarily or per- 
 manently close a road to 
 any particular kind of traffic 
 
 (iii) Traction Engines 
 and Steam Hollers 
 
 
 Traction Engines. Not to 
 travel at night without a 
 man 100 yards ahead. 
 Must have two men one 
 to render assistance. Owner 
 to give from three to 48 
 hours' notice of intention 
 to travel by daylight. Pace 
 not to exceed 2$ miles per 
 hour in City, Town, or 
 Borough. Owner of bogged 
 of broken down engine not 
 to leave road in dangerous 
 state 
 Driver to be licensed unless 
 certificated ; fee, 5s. 
 Engines to be registered under 
 Country Roads Act ; fee, 
 3 3s. per annum 
 
 Steam Rollers. Under Steam 
 Rollers Regulation Act 1892 
 two persons to be employed, 
 one to walk 50 yards ahead 
 with red flag or red light. 
 Warning notices to be put 
 up. Speed limited to 2 
 miles per hour in City, Town, 
 or Village ; otherwise 4 
 miles an hour 
 
 (iv) Penalties 
 
 Breach of Ordinance not to 
 exceed 20 
 
 Offences with traction en- 
 gines first, maximum 3 ; 
 second, maximum 5 ; 
 thereafter, maximum 10 
 
 Failing to comply with direc- 
 tions regarding roads closed 
 to traffic ; maximum, 10 
 
 28. Motor Traffic. 
 (i) Acts relating to 
 Motor Traffic 
 
 Motor Traffic Act 1909, 1915 
 
 Motor Car Act 1915 
 
 Traffic Act 1905, 1910, 1916 
 
 (ii) Regulations 
 
 Made by Governor 
 
 Motor vehicles to be num- 
 bered, to carry lights in 
 front and behind, also bell 
 or horn. Car to stop and 
 driver to render assistance 
 in case of accident caused 
 by presence of car 
 Governor may make regula- 
 tions 
 
 Council or Commissioner may 
 make by-laws requiring 
 licences for motormen and 
 conductors on tramways, 
 and prescribing the quali : 
 fications of persons who are 
 required to obtain licences 
 
 (iii) Registration of 
 Motor Vehicles 
 
 Registration fee. Motor ve- 
 hicles 1 ; motor cycles 
 2s. 6d. per annum 
 
 Commissioner of Police 
 registers. Motor cars, from 
 1 Is. for 6 h.p. to 6 6s. 
 for over 33 h.p. ; motor 
 vehicles for goods, 3 3s. ; 
 motor cycles, 5s. per annum. 
 Dealer's fee, 5 
 
 Commissioper may make regu- 
 lations regulating use of and 
 registration of motor cars 
 
 (iv) Licensing of Motor 
 Drivers 
 
 Fees motor cars 5s. ; motor 
 cycles 2s. 6d. per annum. 
 Learner's permit 2s. 6d. 
 Driver of car to be over 
 seventeen years of age and 
 of cycle over sixteen years 
 
 Fee, 2s. 6d. per annum. 
 Driver must be over eighteen 
 years of age and satisfy 
 Police as to his qualifica- 
 tions 
 
 Maximum fee for motorman 
 or conductor, 10s. per annum 
 
 (v) Penalties 
 
 Driving recklessly, &c., when 
 intoxicated, without licence, 
 with false number plate, 
 without consent of owner, 
 failing to provide licence, 
 maximum 20, and/or 
 suspension or disqualifica- 
 tion from holding licence 
 
 . Offences against the Act 
 first, maximum 10 ; sub- 
 sequent, maximum 25, or 
 three months with or with 
 out hard labour 
 
 Offences against the Act, 
 maximum 20 or two 
 months' imprisonment 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 273 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WI.>TKRN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 . Council may make by- 
 laws suspending t radio upon 
 streets and roads 
 
 Council may close a road under 
 repair and stop traffic thereon 
 
 Commissioner of Police, with 
 consent of Chairman, mav 
 temporarily prohibit or divert 
 traffic in any street. If prac- 
 ticable, notice to be given in 
 newspaper 
 
 Municipality. Steam" Rollers. 
 Two persons to be employed, 
 one to walk ahead at least 20 
 vards. 1'arriers to be erected. 
 Not to traverse any streets or 
 roads except between mid- 
 night and 6 a.m. 
 
 Steam Rollers. Two men to be 
 employed, one to precede on 
 foot. Barriers to be erected 
 
 Steam Rollers. Two persons to 
 be employed, one to go at 
 least 20 yards ahead with a 
 flag. Barriers to be erected 
 Traction Engines. [Local Go- 
 vernment (Traction Enainen) 
 Act 1907.J Name and address 
 of owner to be painted on. 
 Two men to be emploved, one 
 to render assistance. 'Man to 
 go about 100 yards ahead at 
 night. Traction engines to be 
 licensed by Council; maxi- 
 mum fee, 10 per month 
 
 
 
 Not having name and address of 
 owner on traction engine ; 
 maximum, 5 
 Traction engines exceeding 8 h.p., 
 having tires less than 16 inches 
 in width, carrying excessive 
 loads first offence, maximum 
 10 ; subsequent, maximum 
 20 
 
 Motor Vehicles Act 1907 
 Motor Vehicles Tax Act 1915 
 
 
 Motor Traffic Act 1907, 1913 
 
 <rovernor makes regulation 
 Regulations may not limit speed 
 outside of City or Town at less 
 than 20 miles per hour. Speed 
 in various Districts regulated 
 by schedule 
 
 Municipality. Council may make 
 by-laws regulating the licensing 
 of drivers of motor cars. 
 District. Council may make by- 
 laws for annual licensing of 
 motor cars 
 
 Governor makes regulations, but 
 Parliament may disallow them 
 within fifteen sitting days 
 Council to advertise speed 
 restrictions, &c., and if re- 
 quired put up notices 
 
 Registrar appointed by Governor. 
 Fees motor cars, 10s., motor 
 cycles, 2s. 6d. per annum 
 Tax motor vehicles, from 1 10s. 
 for up to 12 h.p. to 15 for 
 over 60 h.p. ; motor cycles, 
 15s. per annum 
 
 District. Motor cars, maximum 
 5 i er annum 
 
 Fees motor vehicles, 10s. ; 
 motorcycles, 2s. Gd. pec annum 
 Registration of motors kept at 
 office of Commissioner of Police 
 or of motor registry (if any) 
 
 Fees motor car, 5s. ; motor 
 cycle, 2s. 6d. per annum 
 
 
 Fee first licence, 3s. ; subse- 
 quent, 2e. 6d. per annum 
 
 Not producing licence ; maxi- 
 mum, 2. Driving without 
 licence, refusing to stop or 
 give name and address ; maxi- 
 mum, 10. Driving at danger- 
 ous speed without lights ; 
 maximum, 20 ; without horn, 
 without sounding horn, on 
 footpath or backwards, not 
 stopping in case of accident ; 
 maximum, 10 
 
 
 Offences against Act ; maximum, 
 20, and licence may be sus- 
 pended or endorsed or holder 
 disqualified for licence 
 
274 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 29. Buildings. 
 (i) Regulations 
 
 Council may acquire powers 
 to regulate erection of 
 buildings, and subdivision 
 of land for building pur- 
 poses 
 
 Council may make by-laws 
 regulating buildings 
 
 Council may make by-laws regu- 
 lating construction of build- 
 ings and appointing fees for 
 inspection, the maximum 
 amounts of which are fixed 
 by schedule 
 
 (ii) Restrictions as to 
 Areas &c. 
 
 Council may regulate the 
 erection of buildings, as to 
 height, design, structure, 
 building materials, building 
 line, and sanitation 
 
 Council may make by-laws 
 restricted to specified area 
 or class of buildings 
 
 At request of Council of Town , 
 Governor may proclaim por- 
 tion a first class section, in 
 which buildings of non- 
 inflammable matters are 
 compulsory 
 
 (iii) Notices, <tc. 
 
 Notice of intention to build 
 to be served on Council, 
 fee not to exceed 2s. 6d. 
 
 Forty-eight hours' notice of 
 intention to build to be 
 given 
 
 Council serves notice on owner 
 to remove building of other 
 materials than those per- 
 mitted by Act in a first class 
 section 
 
 (iv) Precautions to be 
 taken during 
 building or Re- 
 pairs to Buildings 
 
 Hoarding to be erected and 
 lighted at night 
 
 Hoarding to be erected and 
 lighted at night 
 
 Close-boarded hoarding or 
 fence to be erected, and, if 
 required, lighted at night, 
 and platform over footway 
 and handrail 
 
 (v) Building Materials, 
 &c. 
 
 Verandahs and awnings to be 
 approved by Council 
 Outer walls and party walls 
 of brick, stone, &c.,' to be 
 not less than 9 inches thick 
 Dwelling not to occupy more 
 than two-thirds of allot- 
 ment 
 
 Verandahs to be not less than 
 7 feet in height and in 
 accordance with by-laws 
 
 Fire-resisting materials, brick, 
 stone, concrete, iron, steel, 
 copper, slate, tiles, terra- 
 cotta, and flagstones. Coun- 
 cil may make by-laws re- 
 garding the construction of 
 verandahs, &c. 
 
 (vi) Dangerous or di- 
 lapidated struc- 
 tures 
 
 Occupier or owner called on to 
 render dwelling house fit for 
 human habitation other- 
 wise may be summoned 
 and local authority may 
 demolish 
 
 Officer of Council to cause a 
 hoarding or fence and, if 
 necessary, props to be put 
 up and notify owner to 
 take down or repair, in 
 default Council may do so 
 
 Survey to be made. Council 
 to cause dangerous struc- 
 tures to be secured and 
 fenced, owner to take down 
 or repair ; in default, Coun- 
 cil does so at owner's ex- 
 pense. If owner cannot be 
 found, Council may sell 
 building 
 
 (vii) Places of Public 
 
 Resort 
 
 Council may license 
 Building to have safe means 
 of ingress and egress 
 
 
 To be substantially con- 
 structed and supplied with 
 ample means of ingress and 
 
 egress 
 
 (viii) Platforms 
 
 
 
 To be safely constructed 
 
 (ix) Timber Stacking, 
 &c. 
 
 
 Council may make regulations 
 regarding stacking of in- 
 flammable materials 
 
 Town. Timber not to be 
 stacked nearer road than 
 general line of buildings, 
 nor in same premises as 
 furnace, nor to exceed 50 
 feet in height 
 
 (x) Penalties 
 
 Maximum, 50, or 5 a day 
 Not closing unfit dwelling- 
 house after proceedings 
 taken, maximum 20 
 Placing material on street 
 without lawful permission, 
 maximum, 2 (Police 
 Offences Act 1901) 
 
 i 
 
 Commencing to build without 
 notice, maximum 5 per 
 day 
 
 Not removing or repairing 
 dangerous building, maxi- 
 mum 20s. per day. Failing 
 to erect hoarding, &c., 
 maximum 20. Using plat- 
 form not safely constructed 
 or place of public resort in 
 contravention to Act, maxi- 
 mum 50 
 
 30. Abattoirs and 
 Slaughter Houses. 
 (i) Acts relating to 
 Abattoirs and 
 Slaughter-houses 
 
 Cattle Sltnif/hte.ring and 
 Diseased Animals and Meat 
 Act. 1902 
 
 Butchers and Abattoirs Act 
 .1915 
 (Meat Supervision Act 1915 
 is administered by the 
 Board of Health) 
 
 Slaughtering Act 1898 
 
CONSPECTUS OK ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 275 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Municipality. ( 'ouncil may make 
 by-laws regulating buildings 
 
 Council may make by-laws regu- 
 lating buildings (not to apply 
 to Government buildings) 
 
 Council may make by-laws regu- 
 lating projections, awnings, 
 demolition, tents, &c., 
 
 hiiildint Acts 1881, 1882, 1883 
 apply to Municipalities only 
 
 Regulations only apply to 
 scheduled or proclaimed Dis- 
 tricts or portions thereof 
 
 9 
 
 Special Building Acts for Hobart 
 and Launceston 
 
 Three days" notice to be given to 
 Surveyor before commencing 
 to build. Fees fixed by 
 schedule 
 
 Three days' notice to be given 
 before building. Plans to be 
 approved by Council 
 District. Area at back to be at 
 least 20 feet deep 
 
 
 Hoarding to be erected to satis- 
 faction of Surveyor, and lighted 
 at night. Footway to be 
 covered over 
 
 Hoarding to be erected and foot- 
 way covered over, and lighted 
 at night 
 
 Hoarding to be erected and 
 lighted at night 
 
 Inflammable materials prohibited 
 within Municipality. Materials 
 for roof slate, tiles, metal, 
 glass, artificial stone, cement. 
 Party walls space of 9 inches 
 wide to be filled with solid in- 
 combustible material. Veran- 
 dahs to be at least 8 feet high, 
 with iron frame-work 
 
 No inflammable materials to be 
 used. Materials for roof slate, 
 tiles, metal, glass, artificial 
 stone, cement, or shingles. 
 Party walls to be of brick, stone, 
 concrete, or other non-inflam- 
 mable material. Verandahs to 
 be at least 8 feet high, with 
 posts on kerb 
 
 Verandahs to be built to satis- 
 faction of Surveyor 
 
 Owner to take down, secure, or 
 repair on order from J.P. on 
 complaint from Council ; in 
 default, Council does so at 
 owner's expense. If owner not 
 found, Council may sell the 
 structure 
 
 Dangerous structures to be sur- 
 veyed, shored up, and fenced in, 
 owner to take down, repair, or 
 secure. Council may order 
 dilapidated or inflammable 
 buildings to be removed, owner 
 to be compensated for latter 
 
 Buildings unfit for human habi- 
 tation and ruinous or dan- 
 gerous buildings may be 
 ordered to be repaired, taken 
 down, or secured ; in default 
 Council may do so at owner's 
 expense 
 
 Municipality. Inflammatory 
 public buildings may be re- 
 moved and owner compen- 
 sated 
 Places of Public Entertainment 
 regulated by Places of Public 
 Entertainment Act 1913 
 
 Not to be used without certificate 
 from Minister 
 
 Not to be used without approval 
 of Chief Health Officer 
 
 
 To be secured to satisfaction of 
 Council 
 
 
 Municipality. Hay, straw, and 
 thatch not to be stacked in 
 the open air, except in premises 
 licensed or authorized by 
 Council 
 
 Municipality. Council may make 
 by-law preventing stacking of 
 inflammable substance in the 
 open air 
 
 Council may make by-laws regu- 
 lating the stacking of timber 
 and storage of combustible 
 substances 
 
 From 5s. to 20, and in some 
 cases from 5s. to 5 per day 
 
 Failing to erect hoarding, &c., 
 maximum 10, and 20s. per day. 
 Using public building when not 
 fit, maximum 20. Not securing 
 platform, maximum 50 
 Maximum penalty permitted by 
 by-laws, 20 
 
 Letting or occupying unfit 
 dwelling, maximum 20. Fail- 
 ing to erect hoarding, <$rc., 
 maximum 5, and 2 per day 
 
 Cattle Slaughtering Act 1840 
 Abattoirs Act 1911 
 (Metropolitan Abattoirs Act 1908 
 to 1916 only applies to Ade- 
 laide and suburbs.) 
 
 Abattoirs Act 1909 
 
 Police Act 1905 
 
276 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 30. Abattoirs mid 
 Slaughter Houses 
 continvit d. 
 (ii) Establishment of 
 Abattoirs 
 
 Council may acquire powers 
 to construct and maintain 
 abattoirs within its area 
 
 Council may provide abat- 
 toirs within a Borough or 
 Shire or, with consent of 
 Governor within 10 miles 
 outside of the boundary. 
 (Melbourne and Geelong 
 do not require consent of 
 Governor) 
 
 Governor may establish abat- 
 toirs out of public moneys, 
 and may charge fees and 
 make regulations 
 Council may provide slaughter- 
 houses 
 
 (iii) Regulations 
 
 Council may charge fees for 
 animals brought for 
 slaughter in abattoir. 
 Governor may prohibit or 
 regulate sale of carcasses 
 slaughtered elsewhere 
 
 Governor makes regula- 
 tions with respect to 
 slaughtering. Council may 
 demand rents and tolls, and 
 may farm same for period 
 not exceeding three years, 
 and make by-laws 
 
 Council to make by-laws regu- 
 lating slaughter-houses es- 
 tablished by them. Governor 
 makes regulations with re- 
 spect to slaughtering 
 
 (iv) Slaughter-houses 
 
 Slaughter-houses to be 
 licensed. Fee for regis- 
 tration or renewal, 2 
 Council to inspect once a 
 month at least 
 
 Slaughter-houses licensed 
 (a) if outside Melbourne 
 and Geelong, and outside 
 Borough or Shire, by Court 
 of Petty Sessions; (b) if 
 within a Borough where 
 there is no abattoirs, by 
 Council of Borough ; (c) if 
 within Shire, by Council of 
 Shire. Fee, 1 per annum 
 
 Governor to make regulations 
 as to the persons by whom 
 and the conditions on which 
 slaughter-houses may be 
 licensed 
 
 (v) Inspectors 
 
 Council may appoint In- 
 spectors to examine and 
 make returns. Twelve 
 hours' notice of intention 
 to slaughter to be given to 
 Inspector. Inspection fee, 
 3d. per head or per skin 
 
 Council appoints Inspectors 
 to examine cattle for 
 slaughter. Notice of inten- 
 tion to slaughter to be given 
 to Inspector. Inspection 
 fee, Id. per head of neat 
 cattle ; no charge for 
 smaller animals 
 
 Governor appoints Inspectors 
 of Slaughter-houses 
 
 (.vi) Penalties 
 
 Exposing for sale or selling 
 carcass in contravention of 
 Act, maximum 25 
 Not giving notice of intention 
 to slaughter, 5 per head. 
 Failing to make or falsi- 
 fying returns, maximum 
 5. Destroying brands, 
 maximum 10. Selling 
 diseased meat, 20 for each 
 animal 
 
 Slaughtering (except for 
 family use) in Borough not 
 in abattoir, maximum 10. 
 Slaughtering without li- 
 cence, up to 10 per head. 
 Not giving notice to In- 
 spector, 5 per head. Not 
 keeping records, destroying 
 brands, purchasing hides 
 from which brands are cut 
 or defaced, maximum 20 
 
 Offences against Slaughtering 
 Act, maximum 100, or im- 
 prisonment not exceeding 
 one year 
 Taking diseased stock into 
 slaughter-house or butcher's 
 shop, up to two years' im- 
 prisonment with or without 
 hard labour 
 
 31. Bridges. 
 
 Public bridges, if authorized 
 by Governor, constructed 
 under Public Works Act 
 1912 ; otherwise by Coun- 
 cil 
 
 Council to have care and 
 management of all bridges 
 within Municipality 
 
 Council charged with con- 
 struction, maintenance, 
 management, and control of 
 all bridges, other than those 
 excepted by proclamation 
 of Governor. Boundary 
 bridges under control of 
 Joint Councils 
 
 32. Cemeteries. 
 (i) Acts relating to 
 Cemeteries 
 
 
 Cemeteries Act 1915 
 
 Cemeteries Act 1865 
 Cremation Act 1913 
 
 (ii) Cemeteries vested 
 in and managed 
 
 by 
 
 Public Cemeteries, if autho- 
 rized by Governor, may be 
 constructed under Public 
 Works Act 1912 
 
 Trustees appointed by 
 Governor, not less than 
 three in number 
 Act administered by Board 
 of Health 
 
 Cemeteries not owned by Coun- 
 cils are held by Trustees 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 277 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WI;STI:KN ACSTKALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 On petition of 50 Ratepayers and 
 ])iill abattoir area proclaimed, 
 and Hoard formed. Hoard to 
 establish abattoir approved by 
 Minister. Council defrays 
 expense and may borrow and 
 strike rate. Compensation to 
 lie paid to owners of private 
 slaughter-housed 
 
 Governor may proclaim Abattoirs 
 District, establish and maintain 
 abattoirs, appoint officers or 
 confer powers on Council to do 
 same. Any licence under 
 lli'ulth Act 1898 becomes void, 
 when District proclaimed 
 Municipality. Council may erect 
 abattoirs and purchase or lease 
 land therefor 
 
 Council may construct and 
 maintain abattoirs and make 
 by-laws regulating same 
 
 Counci! makes by-laws regulating 
 slaughter-houses. An abattoir 
 erected by Council deemed to 
 be a duly licensed slaughter- 
 house. Council may lease for 
 period not exceeding 21 years 
 with fees, rents, Ac. 
 
 Governor may make regulations 
 
 Council makes by-laws regu- 
 lating abattoirs and slaughter- 
 houses 
 
 Until public abattoirs proclaimed, 
 Council to license slaughter- 
 houses, fee not less than t2 nor 
 more than 10 per annum. 
 si.uiL'htermen to be licensed, 
 fee not to exceed 2 2s. per 
 annum nor 10s. lor assistant 
 
 Slaughter-houses to be suitably 
 constructed, paved, provided 
 with drains and registered as 
 an offensive trade, also to be 
 licensed under the Health Act 
 1898 
 
 Slaughtermen and sellers of meat 
 to be licensed, fee not to 
 exceed 5. 
 Slaughtering included under 
 Health Act as a noxious trade 
 
 Council appoints Inspectors. 
 Abattoirs Board appoints 
 Inspectors in Abattoirs Area 
 
 Governor may appoint Controller 
 of abattoirs and other officers 
 
 Governor or Council may ap- 
 point Inspector of Stock. 
 Sufficient notice of intention 
 to slaughter to be given, in- 
 spection fee cattle, 6d. per 
 head ; sheep, lOd. per score 
 
 Slaughtering without a licence, 
 minimum 2, maximum 10. 
 Slaughtering except at abat- 
 toirfirst offence, maximum 
 10 ; second, maximum 25 ; 
 subsequent, maximum 50. 
 Unlicensed slaughterman act- 
 ing, maximum 10. Slaughter- 
 in tr diseased stock, maximum 
 50 
 
 Offences against the Act, maxi- 
 mum 100, or six months' im- 
 prisonment 
 
 Slaughtering or selling without 
 licence or without notifying 
 Inspector, maximum 20. 
 Shipping meat without noti- 
 fying Inspector, maximum 50 
 
 All public bridges are under the 
 management of the Council 
 
 Municipality. Council may make, 
 maintain, <vc., bridges 
 District. Council may control 
 bridges, but Governor may 
 exempt any bridge from its 
 jurisdiction 
 Council not to expend over 100 
 on making a bridge or culvert 
 without consent of Minister 
 Boundary I '.ridges. Municipality. 
 Governor with consent of 
 Councils may appoint control to 
 any or all of such Councils. 
 District. Councils to unite in 
 building and maintaining 
 boundary bridges 
 
 1 '.ridges on Main Roads are in- 
 eluded with the definition of 
 .Main Koads, and constructed 
 and maintained bv the same 
 Authorities 
 
 Cemeteries Act 1862, 1897 
 Cremation Act 1891 
 
 ClOWbrtu Act 1897, 1898, 1*99, 
 1902, 1911 
 
 Cemeteries Act 1865, 1870, 1872, 
 1880, 1900, 1902, 1903 
 Cremation Act 1905 
 
 Governor may make regulations 
 No new cemetery or extension 
 without consent of Board of 
 Health . 
 
 By not less than three trustees 
 appointed by the Governor. 
 Trustees may make by-laws 
 regarding graves, fees, funerals, 
 licensing undertakers, <tc., no 
 penalty to exceed 5, may 
 borrow money. Government 
 may grant money for cemeteries 
 
 Governor appoints not less than 
 three Trustees (no minister of 
 religion eligible). New ceme- 
 tery to have approval of Chief 
 Health Officer and Local 
 Health Authority 
 
278 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 :>-2. Cemeteries con- 
 tinued, 
 (iii) Powers of Councils 
 
 Council may acquire powers 
 for the provision, main- 
 tenance, and management 
 of public cemeteries. Go- 
 vernor may impose same on 
 Council 
 
 Governor may appoint Coun- 
 cil to be Trustees 
 
 Council may establish, main- 
 tain, and manage cemeteries, 
 and make by-laws regarding 
 those under its control. 
 Governor may place any 
 Cemetery under manage - 
 ment of Council 
 
 (iv) Crematoria 
 
 
 Trustees of Cemeteries have 
 power to establish crema- 
 toria 
 
 Crematoria may be established 
 by any person if approved 
 by Public Health Commis- 
 sioner and licensed by 
 Governor 
 
 33. Dairies. 
 (i) Acts relating to 
 Dairies 
 
 Dairies Supervision Act 1901 
 
 Dairies Supervision Act 1915 
 
 Health Act 1911 
 Dairy Produce Act 1904, 1905, 
 1911 
 
 (ii) Administration 
 
 Municipalities, and, on recom- 
 mendation of Board of 
 Health, Shires, are the 
 Local Authorities under 
 the Act. Samples of milk 
 and cream to be taken, 
 premises kept clean, <l r c. 
 
 By Minister of Agriculture. 
 Outside a milk area a 
 Council may exercise 
 powers of Minister and 
 issue licences. Inspectors 
 and supervisors appointed 
 by Governor 
 
 Council may, and, if required 
 by Health Commissioner, 
 must, make by-laws for 
 cleansing, regulating, light - 
 ing and ventilation o/ 
 dairies and prescribing pre- 
 cautions against contamina- 
 tion of milk 
 
 (iii) Registration and 
 Licensing 
 
 Dairies to be registered an- 
 nually. Council to inspect 
 at least once every three 
 months 
 
 Maximum fees for licences 
 dairy farm, 6d. per cow ; 
 dairy factory, 2 ; creamery, 
 5s. Licences granted by 
 Council 
 
 Dairies, factories, and milk 
 shops to be registered within 
 three months. Any dis- 
 trict assigned to an Inspector 
 under the Dairy Produce, 
 A ct does not come under the 
 Health Act. No person not 
 of European descent to be 
 employed unless able to read 
 and write English 
 
 (iv) Penalties 
 
 Maximum, 20 . 
 
 Offences against Act first, 
 maximum 5 ; subsequent, 
 maximum, 50 
 
 Using unregistered premises, 
 maximum 5. Oft'ences by 
 employees, maximum 50 ; 
 by Inspector, maximum 
 100 ; by other persons, 
 maximum 10 
 
 34. Dogs. 
 (i) Acts relating to Dogs 
 
 Dog and Goat Act 1898 
 
 Dog Act 1915 
 
 
 (ii) Administration 
 
 Act applies to scheduled 
 Cities and Towns 
 Act administered by Police. 
 Clerk of Petty Sessions 
 appointed Registrar 
 
 By Council, which also ap- 
 points officers 
 
 Council may make by-laws 
 compelling registration, au- 
 thorizing destruction, <vc. 
 
 (iii) -Regulations 
 
 Dogs without collars may be 
 seized and destroved forth- 
 
 Dogs to wenr collars with 
 " Registered at " 
 
 
 
 with. Reward, 2s. 6d. on 
 production of tail 
 
 
 
 stamped thereon. Wander- 
 ing does may be seized and 
 if not claimed within 48 
 hours and 2s. 6d. paid, sold 
 by auction or destroyed 
 
 
 (iv) Registration Fee 
 
 Fee, 2s. 6d. annually to 30th 
 September ; half-year, half 
 fee. Dogs under six months 
 exempt 
 
 "^ee, 5s. per annum from 1st 
 March ; hah fee after 1st 
 September. Dogs under 
 six months exempt. No 
 fee for blind men's dogs 
 
 Fee not to exceed 10s. per 
 annum 
 
 (v) Trespassing Dogs 
 
 
 Owner of land may destroy 
 dogs trespassing on land 
 enclosed by fence, in which 
 sheep, cattle, or poultry, 
 are confined 
 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN 
 
 279 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WKSTKKN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Council may accept trust in 
 
 cemetery 
 MuftfefooZtiy. Majority of three- 
 
 fourtii> Citi/.en- present at 
 nn-t-tinir may compel Trustee-; 
 to convey cemetery lands to 
 Council in certain caaee 
 
 .\lnniri />tilit,>/. Council may be 
 appointed Trustees 
 
 Council may, after six months' 
 notice, close cemetery, either 
 on own authority or after 
 petition of twenty Katepayer- 
 residing within half mile, or 40 
 within quaiter mile 
 Governor may vest control of 
 public cemetery in Council 
 
 Ain person may establish crema- 
 torium provided siic, plans, 
 and apparatus lie approved 
 by Hoard of Health 
 Governor may make regulations 
 
 
 Governor may make regulations 
 with maximum penalties of 
 50 
 Penalty for unlawful cremation, 
 not exceeding 500 or five 
 years' imprisonment 
 
 11 tilth AH 1898 
 
 Health Act 1911, 1912, 1915 
 
 Dni ru Produce Act 1910 
 
 Council may make regulations for 
 inspection of dairies, prohibit- 
 in^ adulteration of milk, Ac. 
 
 Council to make by-laws 
 
 Gov.ernor appoints supervisors 
 and officers. Governor makes 
 regulations. Supervisors in- 
 spect. Ac. 
 
 Council may register and license 
 dairies, and make regulations. 
 Licence-fee not to exceed 10s. 
 per annum 
 
 Council to register dairies 
 
 Dairies to be registered annually 
 by Director of Agriculture, 
 dairies free ; factory, 1 per 
 annum 
 
 Supplying milk from diseased 
 animal. 20 
 
 Offences against Act first, maxi- 
 mum 20 ; subsequent, maxi- 
 mum 50, or six months' im- 
 prisonment with or without 
 hard labour 
 
 Where not specially provided, 
 not to exceed 10 
 
 Do-/ Art 1867 r 1884, 1888, 1889 
 
 Dog Act 1903 
 
 1'olire Act 1905 
 
 By Council which also appoints 
 .Registrars 
 
 By Council which appoints l{ei:i-- 
 tering Officer 
 
 Register to he kept at office of 
 Town Clerk 
 
 Dog to wear collar with disc sup- 
 plied by Council. Kach adult 
 aboriginal allowed two un- 
 ]-.' i>t. -red do<_'s. Dogs with- 
 out collars may le sei/.ed and. 
 if not claimed within 24 hours, 
 killed. Keward tor sei/.in<_'. ~>*. 
 
 Dog to wear collar with disc sup- 
 plied by Council. Aborigines 
 may keep one unregistered dog 
 each. Police or officer of Coun- 
 cil may seize stray dogs, and if 
 not claimed within three days, 
 destroy or sell them, or if with 
 disc after 48 hours' notice to 
 owner 
 
 T)og to wear collar with disc 
 supplied by Registrar. Dogs at 
 large may be seized and, if not 
 claimed within 24 hours, sold 
 or destroyed 
 
 Fee dog 5s., slut 7s. 6d. per 
 annum from 1st July ; half 
 fee for half-year. Dogs under 
 three months exempt. Dis- 
 trict Council mav reduce to 
 2s. 6d. and :>s. if District in- 
 fested with vermin 
 
 Fee dog. 7s. 6d. ; slut, 10s. 
 I)ogs tending cattle, 2s. 6d. ; 
 sluts, 5s. Packs of hounds not 
 less than ten, 2. Dogs under 
 three months and blind men's 
 dogs, free 
 
 Dou's under four months of age, 
 free. Registration fee, 5s. per 
 annum ; half-fee for half-year 
 
 Occupier, after notice in three 
 sncce-.-i\r is>nr> of two news- 
 papers or of Uu-rltc. may 
 destroy trespassing dogs, ;m ,| 
 may lav JHHSOII. if notice 
 thereof be exhibited 
 
 Owner or occupier of ( nclo.-ed land 
 in which sheep or cattle are con- 
 fined may destroy trespassing 
 dogs 
 
 Unregistered dogs found on pro- 
 perty may be destroyed. Dogs 
 biting or attacking persons or 
 animals or running at large 
 among sheep or cattle may Le 
 destroyed 
 
280 
 
 CONSPECTUS OP ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 34. Dogs continued, 
 (vi) Penalties 
 
 Non-registration, minimum 
 10s. ; maximum 20s. 
 Dogs attacking persons, mini- 
 mum 20s. f maximum 5 
 and damages 
 Using dogs "for purposes of 
 draught, first, maximum 
 40s. ; subsequent, maxi- 
 mum 5 
 Constable failing to report or 
 neglecting to destroy un- 
 registered dog, minimum 
 10s. ; maximum 20s. 
 
 False declaration as to dog, 
 minimum 10s. ; maximum 
 40s. 
 Registration officer not fur- 
 nishing receipt, 10s. each 
 offence 
 Non-registration of dog, first 
 5s. to 10s. ; subsequent 10s. 
 to 40s. 
 Council neglecting to carry 
 out Act after complaint by 
 ratepayer, 20 each week 
 Dog without collar 5s. to 40s. 
 Wilfully removing collar, 
 maximum 5 
 Dog attacking person, cattle, 
 horses, or sheep, maximum 
 5 
 
 
 35. Ferries. 
 (i) Acts relating to 
 Ferries 
 
 
 
 
 (ii) Administration, &c. 
 
 Council may a'cquire powers 
 for construction, mainte- 
 nance, and operation of 
 ferries 
 Boundary ferries to be built, 
 maintained, and managed 
 by united Councils 
 Council to invite tenders for 
 care, control, and working 
 of ferries for period not 
 exceeding five years. No 
 fees or tolls to be charged, 
 except in certain places 
 
 Council to have management 
 of all public ferries. Council 
 may collect tolls by special 
 order confirmed by Gover- 
 nor, and may farm same for 
 . not more than one year by 
 tender advertised at least 
 21 days. All tolls to be 
 expended on ferry. Boats 
 not to ply for hire within 
 half-a-mile of ferry 
 Boundary ferries managed as 
 Governor directs 
 
 Council has exclusive right to 
 ferry within its area, and 
 may make by-laws. Council 
 may lease ferry for not more 
 than fourteen years ; any 
 lease for over three years 
 must be advertised four 
 times during two months 
 Governor decides as to control 
 of boundary ferry 
 
 (iii) Penalties 
 
 Obstructing or improperly in- 
 terfering with boat, maxi- 
 mum 50 
 Other penalties against Ordi- 
 nance, maximum 2 
 
 Evasion of toll, maximum 5 
 Offences by toll collector, 
 minimum, 5 ; maximum 
 20 
 
 
 36. Fire Sriagdes. 
 (i) Acts relating to Fire 
 Brigades 
 
 Fire Brigades Act 1909, 1910 
 
 Fire Brigades Act 1915 
 
 Fire Brigades Act 1881, 1882, 
 1902 
 
 (ii) Administration 
 
 Board consisting of President, 
 appointed by Governor, 
 and fo'ur Members, ap- 
 pointed one each by subur- 
 ban Municipalities, country 
 Municipalities, insurance 
 companies and volunteer 
 fire brigades, elected for 
 three years 
 Council may acquire power to 
 establish and maintain fire 
 brigades in towns 
 
 Metropolitan Fire Brigades 
 Board. Three members 
 appointed by Governor, 
 three by Councils, three by 
 insurance companies 
 Country Fire Brigades 
 Board. Three members 
 appointed by -Governor, 
 two by Councils, two by 
 insurance companies, and 
 two by fire brigades 
 Local Committees One 
 member appointed by 
 Council, one by fire brigades, 
 one by insurance companies 
 All elected for two years 
 
 Boards to consist of Chairman 
 of Council as ex officio mem- 
 ber ; one member nominated 
 by Council, two by Governor, 
 and two by insurance com- 
 panies, annually 
 
 (iii) Remuneration of 
 Boards 
 
 Chairman, 300 per annum. 
 Other Members, 600 di- 
 vided among them 
 
 
 
 (iv) Revenue of Boards 
 
 Estimated cost to be paid by 
 Council not to exceed a 
 rate of id. in the 1 on 
 unimproved rateable value 
 of land. Councils, insur- 
 ance companies, and Go- 
 vernment contribute one- 
 third each 
 
 Government, Council, and 
 insurance companies con- 
 tribute in equal pro- 
 portions 
 
 Government, Council, and 
 insurance companies con- 
 tribute in equal proportions 
 Council contribution not less 
 than 2 per cent, nor more 
 than 8 per cent, of general 
 rates. Government and in- 
 surance companies not ex- 
 ceeding 4 per cent.. of same 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 281 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Keeping unregistered dog, mini- 
 mum *.'! : maximum (> 
 Dog at lame without collar and 
 disc, minimum 5s. ; maximum 
 
 Dog attacking persons, minimum 
 2 ; maximum 5 
 Constable not destroying dogs 
 improperly at large, minimum 
 2 : maximum 5 
 Illegally removing collar, mini- 
 mum 1' ; maximum 5 
 
 Non-registration, minimum 10s. ; 
 maximum -10s. 
 False reaistration, maximum 5 
 Eemoving disc, maximum 5 
 Dogs attacking persons, cattle, 
 poultry, <tc., maximum 5 
 Setting on dogs to attack or worry, 
 maximum 20 or six months' 
 imprisonment with or without 
 hard labour 
 
 Keeping unregistered dog, maxi- 
 mum 2 
 Letting dog at large, maximum 
 5 
 Removing label, maximum 10 
 Wearing wrong label, maximum 
 5 
 
 Ferries Act 1888 
 
 . 
 
 
 Council may, with approval of 
 Treasurer, establish and con- 
 trol ferries, and fix fees and 
 tolls. Existing Government 
 ferries vested in Council. 
 Council may make regulations, 
 may let ferry for not exceeding 
 five years 
 
 Municipality. Council to have 
 control, construction, and main- 
 tenance of ferries 
 Governor fixes control of boundary 
 ferries 
 District. Council may subsidize 
 ferries for period not exceeding 
 two years 
 
 Council may make by-laws, and 
 impose tolls on ferries 
 
 t 
 
 Plying for hire within 1 mile of 
 ferry, maximum 20 
 Damaging ferry, up to three 
 years' imprisonment, with 
 hard labour 
 Maximum penalty permissible in 
 by-laws, 5 
 
 
 
 Fire Brigades Act 1913 
 
 Fire Brigades Act 1916 
 
 Fire Briwdes Act 1883, 1900, 
 1901, 1908 
 
 Board to consist of five members, 
 including Chairman. Chairman 
 appointed by Governor. Muni- 
 cipality of Adelaide appoints 
 one member, other Districts 
 one, and contributing insurance 
 companies two, elected for two 
 years. Two members retire 
 annually 
 
 Board of nine members ; two 
 appointed by Governor, two by 
 insurance companies, one by 
 Perth Council one each by three 
 groups of Councils, and one by 
 volunteer brigades, for two 
 years. Local Committees con- 
 sisting of Council in each District 
 
 
 
 Board of six members ; appointed 
 two each by Governor, by 
 Councils, and by insurance 
 companies 
 
 Chairman, 4 per sitting ; maxi- 
 mum 104 in a year. Other 
 members, 2 ; maximum 52 
 
 Aggregate not to exceed 250 per 
 annum 
 
 
 Government contributes three- 
 ninths, insurance companies 
 four-ninths, and Council two- 
 ninths 
 District. Council may subscribe 
 to volunteer fire brigades 
 
 Government contributes one 
 quarter, insurance companies 
 three-eighths, and Council 
 three-eighths 
 
 Government, insurance com- 
 panies, and Council contribute 
 in equal proportions 
 
282 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 36. Fire Brigades con- 
 tinued. 
 <v) Borrowing Powers 
 of Boards 
 
 Board may borrow up to 
 100,000 on security of 
 property, except fire appli- 
 ances. Before borrowing, 
 Board to pass resolution 
 authorizing application for 
 consent of Governor 
 
 Board may borrow up to 
 100,000 
 Rate of interest not to exceed 
 6 per cent. 
 
 
 (vi) Duties of Boards, 
 Ac. 
 
 To form and maintain per- 
 manent or volunteer fire 
 brigades, acquire plant, &c. 
 All property vested in Board 
 Board may charge for attend- 
 ing fires outside District, 
 according to schedule, but 
 not exceeding one-fifth of 
 the value of^the building, 
 &c. 
 
 To form and maintain per- 
 manent or volunteer fire 
 brigades, acquire plant, A-c. 
 Uninsured buildings pay cost 
 of brigade at fire, but not 
 exceeding one-fifth of value 
 thereof 
 
 Board in any Town may make 
 by-laws 
 Board appoints superintendent 
 of fire brigade annually, with 
 Governor's approval 
 All appliances vested in Board, 
 and Board has control of all 
 expenditure 
 Board to keep " Fire Brigade 
 Boll Book " 
 
 (vii) Fire Districts 
 
 Municipalities, Shires, groups 
 of either or both or parts 
 thereof 
 
 One metropolitan and nine 
 country Fire Districts, con- 
 sisting of scheduled Muni- 
 cipal Districts or Towns 
 
 On acceptance of services of 
 fire brigade, Governor pro- 
 claims Act in force in Town, 
 and may extend same to 
 suburbs or adjacent area 
 
 (viii) Powers of Councils 
 
 Council may establish and 
 maintain fire brigades in 
 Towns 
 
 1 
 
 Council may make by-laws, 
 make works for supply of 
 water, and remunerate per- 
 sons for extinguishing fires 
 Council may raise general rate 
 for fire brigade purposes 
 
 Council may recommend Go- 
 vernor to accept the services 
 of an efficient fire brigade 
 
 (ix) Penalties 
 
 Breach of by-laws, maximum 
 20 
 Municipality or insurance 
 company not paying instal- 
 ments of contributions 
 within 30 days, maximum 
 50 
 Insurance company not for- 
 warding list of premiums, 
 maximum 5 per day 
 
 Maximum for breach of regu- 
 lations, 5 ' 
 Insurance company failing to 
 . pay within fourteen days, 
 minimum 20 ; maximum 
 50 and 10 a day 
 Brigade or person failing to 
 comply with Act, maximum 
 10, and maximum 1 per 
 day 
 
 Member of disbanded brigade 
 refusing to return property, 
 5 
 Obstruction to members on 
 duty, maximum 10 
 Insurance companies failing to 
 furnish returns, 5 per day 
 
 37. Hawkers find Pedlars. 
 <i) Acts relating to 
 Hawkers and Ped- 
 lars 
 
 JJrtH-!.-pfx >ind Pedlars Act 1901 
 
 Hawkers and Pedlars Act 1915 
 
 Hawkers and Pedlars Act 18J9, 
 , 1852, 1905 
 Ha>rker.t Licenses Amendment 
 Act 1869 
 
 (ii) Powers of Councils 
 
 Council may make regulations 
 regarding hawking 
 Municipal it u . Council may- 
 exercise powers of regula- 
 tion and licensing of the 
 hawking of goods 
 
 Council may make by-laws 
 (ft) regulating use of public 
 places by hawkers ; (6) ap- 
 pointing stands for same ; 
 (c) fixing charges for same ; 
 and (d) prescribing rules 
 
 When a Council has established 
 a market it may by by- 
 laws, prohibit or regulate the 
 hawking or itinerant vending 
 of goods sold in such market 
 during any hours prescribed 
 as market hours 
 
 (iii) Hawkers Licenses 
 
 Hawker to find two certifi-* 
 catesof character. 1 icences 
 granted by Justices in Petty 
 Sessions 
 Fee, 1 per annum for hawker 
 on foot ; 2 with pack- 
 horse or vehicle 
 Maximum under Local Go- 
 rernment Act for fish, <Vc.. 
 6d. per month 
 
 Hawker required to find two 
 certificates of character if 
 trading on foot. If other- 
 wise, two approved sureties 
 of 20 to be found. Licences 
 granted by Justices at 
 general meeting 
 Fee, 1 per annum without, 
 2 per annum with pack or 
 draught animal, until 31st 
 December 
 
 Hawker required to find two 
 certificates of character if 
 hawking on foot, or two 
 sureties of 20 each if hawk- 
 ing with vehicle, Arc. Licences 
 granted by Home Secretary 
 on recommendation of P.M. 
 or two J.P.'s 
 Fee for whole State, 10 per 
 annum 
 
 <iv) Articles which may 
 be hawked with- 
 out licence 
 
 Printed publications, victuals, 
 agricultural produce, goods 
 made by the seller and sold 
 in a market or shop 
 By Ordinance under Local 
 Government Act, fish, 
 crustaceans, and rabbits 
 may only be sold by licensed 
 hawkers 
 
 Newspapers, fish, fruit, water, 
 fuel, milk, vegetables, vic- 
 tuals, agricultural produce, 
 goods made by seller and 
 goods sold in a market or 
 shop 
 
 Printed matter, fish, fruit. 
 water, milk, vegetables. \j<- 
 tuals. agricultural produce, 
 goods made by seller, and 
 goods sold in shop or market 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 283 
 
 SOUTH AISTKU.U. 
 
 \\KSTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 T \SMANIA. 
 
 Hoard may borrow up to 25,000 
 with consent m .Mini>tcr 
 
 Board may borrow on debentures 
 at up to 6 per cent., with ap- 
 proval of Governor 
 
 Board may borrow with consent 
 of Governor 
 
 To regulate the necessary steps 
 for extinguishing fires, main- 
 taining briirades, salvage corps, 
 &c. 
 charu'e.s for attendance at fires 
 outside district fixed by 
 schedule 
 Volunteer brigades to be regis- 
 tered 
 
 Board may form b/igades, acquire 
 plant, purchase or lease pro- 
 perty, &c. 
 Governor makes regulations 
 
 To establish and maintain an 
 efficient fire brigade, provide 
 engines, officers, A-C., make 
 regulations, with maximum 
 penalty 5 
 Volunteer brigades may be regis- 
 tered 
 Schedule of fees for attending 
 fires on uninsured premises 
 
 This Act applies to proclaimed 
 Municipalities and Districts 
 
 Municipal and Road Districts pro- 
 claimed Fire Districts 
 
 Governor may proclaim an area 
 within three miles of principal 
 Post Office a Fire District 
 Council may petition Governor 
 to proclaim a Board 
 
 MttnicijHiU'.i/. Council may pro- 
 cure engines, organize brigades, 
 fix alarms. Ac., may increase 
 rates for fire brigade purposes 
 
 Councils act as local Committees 
 
 Council may contribute to Board 
 either out of municipal fund or 
 special rate 
 Council may make by-laws for 
 the prevention and extinguish- 
 ing of fires 
 
 I nsurance company neglecting to 
 furnish return, minimum 5 ; 
 maximum 10 per day. Making 
 false statement, maximum 
 100. Failing to permit in- 
 spection of books, maximum 5 
 Obstructing, vc., brigade, mini- 
 mum 2 ; maximum 50 or six 
 months' imprisonment with or 
 without hard labour 
 
 Regulations may not impose a 
 greater penalty than 20 
 Insurance company making default 
 in transmitting return, or fur- 
 nishing incorrect or incomplete 
 return, maximum 5 per day 
 during which it is in default 
 
 Failing to pay contribution 
 within 30 days, 5 per day 
 
 \ 
 
 A/<v//.W tlinrkers Act 1863, 1898, 
 1912 
 
 Haivkers and Pedlars Act 1892, 
 1897 
 
 Hawkers and Carriers Act 1835, 
 190-1 
 
 Council may make by-laws licen- 
 sing and regulating hawking 
 within an-a 
 Fee not to exceed one-fourth of 
 scheduled fees for whole State 
 Municipality may fix stands for 
 hawkers 
 
 Municipality. Council may make 
 by-laws regulating or prohibiting 
 the hawking of fruit, fish, meat, 
 vegetables, and articles of 
 merchandise 
 District Board may make by-laws 
 i-'gulalingand requiring li'cenc, s 
 fiom hawkers 
 
 Council may make by-laws re- 
 gulating and licensing hawkers 
 within a Municipality 
 
 Hawker to find certificates of 
 character 
 Licenc es for whole State issued by 
 Treasurer, or person authorized 
 by him 
 Animal fee, four-wheeled vehicle, 
 2 : two-wheeled, 1 10s. ; 
 handcart, 1 ; pack, 10s. ; boat 
 on river .Murray. 5 ; on other 
 waters, 2. Servant's licence, 
 half fees 
 Alien must have resided in State 
 for two years and understand 
 English 
 
 No person allowed to trade as a 
 hawker unless authorized by a 
 Council 
 
 Hawker to be of good character 
 Not to carry for sale liquors, or 
 to sell between sunset and 
 sunrise 
 Hawker not to have in his posses- 
 sion wool, or sheep or cattle 
 skins 
 
 Printed matter, fish, fruit, vic- 
 tuals, timber, fuel, vegetables, 
 or cattle food 
 Maker of goods manufactured by 
 himself in Commonwealth also 
 exempt ; also tinkers. '.'lazier-. 
 coopers, harness menders, <\c. 
 
 Animal or vegetable produce, 
 newspapers, brooms, and 
 matches, goods manufactured by 
 the seller, and goods sold in a 
 market, fair, race-course, agri- 
 cultural show ground, or public 
 recreation ground 
 
 Within the limits of a Town, 
 poultry, butter, milk, eggs, 
 fish, pastry, confectionery 
 fruit, matches, or brooms 
 
284 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 XEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 37. Hankers and Pedlars 
 - continued, 
 (v) Penalties 
 
 Hawking without licence, 
 maximum 20 ; without 
 badge, maximum 10 
 Refusal to produce licence, 
 maximum 10 
 Forging licence, maximum six 
 months' imprisonment with 
 hard labour 
 Having spirituous liquor in 
 possession, maximum 20 ; 
 carrying same, maximum 
 30 or imprisonment for six 
 months with hard labour 
 Lending or hiring licence, 
 40 
 
 Hawking without licence, 
 maximum 20 ; without 
 badge, maximum 10 
 Refusal to produce licence, 
 maximum 10 
 Forging licence, maximum six 
 months' imprisonment with 
 or without hard labour 
 Possessing spirituous liquors, 
 maximum 20 ; carrying 
 same, maximum 30' or 
 six' months' imprisonment 
 Hiring or lending licence, 
 maximum 40 and dis- 
 qualification for five years 
 
 Hawking without licence, 
 maximum 20 
 Hawking without badge, or 
 refusal to produce licence, 
 maximum 10 
 Forging licence, to be worked 
 on public roads or other 
 public works up to six 
 months 
 Carrying spirits, maximum 30 
 or six months' saol 
 Hiring or lending licence, both 
 borrower and lender 40 
 
 38. Hoardings, Adver- 
 tising, d"C. 
 (i) Acts relating to 
 Hoardings, Ac. 
 
 
 .. 
 
 
 (ii) Powers of Councils 
 
 Council may acquire powers 
 to regulate and control 
 hoardings and remove same 
 if unsightly or objectionable 
 
 Council may, with approval 
 of Governor, make by-laws 
 regulating construction 
 within 10 feet of road, and 
 advertisements which dis- 
 figure natural beauties, pro- 
 hibit hoardings in any part 
 of District, Ac. 
 
 Council may make by-laws 
 prohibiting, licensing, and 
 regulating^ sign-boards, post- 
 ers, sky signs, Ac. 
 
 (iii) Licenses, Fees, &c. 
 
 Licence not to exceed Id. per 
 square yard, minimum 10s. 
 Bill poster's licence not to 
 exceed Is. 
 
 Fees fixed by Council 
 
 
 <iv) Penalties 
 
 Xot to exceed 2 
 
 
 
 39. Impounding. 
 (i) Acts relating to 
 Impounding 
 
 Impounding Act 1898 
 
 Pounds Act 1915 
 
 i 
 
 (ii) Powers of Councils 
 
 Council alone to execute Act 
 
 Council may erect pounds, 
 and impound animals 
 
 Council may erect and main- 
 tain pounds. Existing 
 pounds placed under manage- 
 ment and control of Council 
 
 (iii) Poundkeeper 
 
 Appointed by Council. Pound - 
 keeper to find reasonable 
 security 
 
 Appointed within Munici- 
 pality by Council, without 
 by Governor. To be paid 
 a fixed salary, not by fees 
 
 Appointed by Council ; ap- 
 pointment to be gazetted 
 
 (iv) Duties of Pound- 
 keepers 
 
 To keep impounded animals, 
 pound book, pound in order, 
 and erect board with table 
 of fees 
 
 To detain impounded cattle, 
 keep pound book and 
 register of brands 
 
 To keep pound in order, feed 
 and water animals, or send 
 them out for grazing and 
 watering, but not further 
 than six miles 
 To keep register of brands 
 
 (v) Duties of Persons 
 finding trespassing 
 Animals 
 
 Occupant drives to nearest 
 pound, or if owner known, 
 may impound on own pre- 
 mises for four days, giving 
 owner notice within 24 
 hours. Occupant may 
 claim damages 
 
 Occupier may restore to 
 owner and demand trespass 
 rates, or may impound in 
 nearest pound 
 
 Owner of land to take to 
 nearest pound, giving par- 
 ticulars of brands and dam- 
 age done, but if owner of 
 animals known, he may im- 
 pound in convenient place 
 for four davs, giving owner 
 notice within twenty-four 
 hours, or may send animals 
 to convenient place near 
 residence of proprietor 
 
 (vi) Notice of Impound- 
 ing 
 
 To be posted at pound within 
 24 hours, then to owner ; 
 if owner not known, at 
 Court of Petty Sessions, and 
 advertised in Gazette 
 
 To be posted at pound and 
 sent to owner if brands 
 registered ; if unbranded to 
 be published in Gazette and 
 newspaper 
 
 To be posted on gate of pound 
 and sent to owner if known 
 within twenty-four hours. 
 If owner not known, to be 
 posted at Council's office, 
 and advertised in Gazette and 
 newspaper 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 285 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 \YKSTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Hawkins; without licence, iiiini- 
 inuin tin : maximum t.">n 
 Hiring or lending licence, 40 
 <arr.vin.Lr liqnor. minimum 5: 
 ina\imum v:i<)<) or six months' 
 imprisonment with or without 
 hard labour 
 Not having or illegally ha\ini: 
 i icensed Hawker" painted 
 on vehicle, <tc., 10 
 Forcing licence. 300 
 Mtn>i'i-ii>(ttit>f. Failing to o<viipy 
 -tauds, maximum, lirs^ :.". : 
 id 10 ; subsequent, 
 double fine 
 
 Hawking goods without licence, 
 first-, offence, maximum 10 ; 
 subsequent, maximum 20 or 
 six months' imprisonment with 
 or without hard labour 
 
 Hawkintr without licence, mini- 
 mum 2 : maximum 50 
 Not having " I icensed Hawker " 
 on pack, <vc., minimum 5s. : 
 maximum :? 
 Hiring or lending licence, mini- 
 mum 5 ; minimum 40 
 Forging licence, maximum three 
 years with hard labour 
 Selling or carrying liquor, or 
 selling between sunset and 
 sunrise, minimum 1 ; maxi- 
 mum 20 
 
 Control of Arfiertittements Act 
 1916 
 
 
 Defacement of Property Act 1898 
 
 Council may make by-laws re- 
 gulating sign-boards, hoard- 
 ings, ivc. Control of .('//"/- 
 KwHMntf Act does not apply 
 to Municipality or Township ; 
 under this Act Governor re- 
 gulates disfiguring advertise- 
 ments 
 
 Posters or writings may not be 
 affixed without consent of Coun- 
 cil 
 Municipality. Council may make 
 by-laws regulating advertise- 
 ments and hoardings on private 
 or public place 
 District. Council may make by- 
 laws regulating hoardings abut- 
 ting on a public place 
 
 Aflixing advertisements without 
 consent of Municipality, occu- 
 pier, or owner, prohibited. 
 Governor makes regulations 
 also for pleasure resorts and 
 tourist roads 
 
 
 
 
 No penalty under by-laws to 
 exceed 10. Penalties under 
 Act, first offence, maximum 
 10 ; subsequent, maximum 
 
 50 
 
 
 Firtt offence, maximum 5 ; 
 subsequent, maximum 10 
 
 Impounding Act 1858, 1895, 
 1913 
 
 Cattle Trespass, Fencing and Im- 
 pounding Act 1882, 1884 
 
 Impounding Act 1830, 1882, 1894 
 
 Council to execute Act, ap- 
 point poundkeepers, erect 
 pounds, <vc. 
 Governor may establish pounds 
 outside the limits of a Council 
 
 Council to execute powers of 
 Cattle Trespaxs Act. Govern- 
 ment may advance up to 10 
 for erection of pound 
 
 Council to exercise, within its 
 area, all the powers and au- 
 thorities of the Impounding 
 Act 
 
 Appointed within Districts by 
 Council, without by Governor. 
 To be bound by recognisance;-.. 
 Must not be a ranger or 
 publican 
 
 Appointed by Council, if any ; 
 otherwise by J.P.'s or Resident 
 M:mistrate 
 
 Governor, or any person au- 
 thorized by him, may erect 
 pound and appoint pound - 
 keeper provided sufficient 
 means of shelter are kept 
 
 To keep pound iii order, not 
 permit infected cattle to mix 
 with other cattle, and feed 
 and water twice a day 
 
 To keep pound in order, feed and 
 water animals, and keep infected 
 cattle separate from uninfected 
 
 Poundkeeper to keep and feed 
 animals, and keep books of 
 entry of marks of cattle and 
 sheep, also of impounded 
 animals. Poundkeeper to pro- 
 vide shelter 
 
 Occupier may impound on his 
 own property for three days, 
 giving notice to owner within 
 t wenty-four hours 
 
 Owner must impound animals if 
 pound within three miles, other- 
 wise can impound them on own 
 land, and make claim for 
 damages to J.P. Police may 
 impound in Towns 
 
 Owner to impound in nearest 
 pound if within 20 miles, other- 
 wise may impound on his own 
 land 
 Owner cannot claim damages for 
 trespass on unenclosed land 
 
 To be posted at pound at once. 
 and if not claimed within 
 twenty-four hours, notice to 
 be sent to owner within -18 
 hours, if known, otherwise to 
 be advertised in Gazette 
 
 To be posted at pound, advertised 
 within -18 hours, and sent to 
 owner, if known, within 24 
 hours : if unknown, to be ad- 
 vertised in two newspapers, for 
 three weeks 
 
 To be sent within 24 hours to 
 owner residing within 10 miles, 
 if further, notice optional : if 
 owner residing further than 10 
 miles, or not known, to be 
 advertised twice in newspaper 
 
286 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 39. Impounding con- 
 tinued, 
 (vii) Destruction of 
 Animals 
 
 Occupant of land, enclosed 
 with fence sufficient for 
 cattle and horses, may 
 destroy goats (except An- 
 gora) and swine, also un- 
 branded cattle and horses 
 over two years of age 
 
 Occupier may destroy tres- 
 passing goats, pigs, or geese 
 
 Occupier or owner of enclosed 
 land may destroy trespassing 
 goats or swine (geese are also 
 included under the Enclosed 
 Land Act 1854, 1878) 
 Council may destroy im- 
 pounded diseased animals 
 
 (viii) Sale of Impounded 
 Animals 
 
 Minister fixes one day in every 
 week for sales. Unbranded 
 animals over age of one 
 year, sold outright, owner 
 receives two-thirds of pro- 
 ceeds ; other animals, after 
 four days if owner known, 
 otherwise fourteen days 
 Poundkeeper may not pur- 
 chase 
 
 Animals not released from 
 pound within 21 days sold 
 by public auction 
 Four days' notice to be ad- 
 vertised 
 Poundkeeper may not pur- 
 chase 
 
 Council fixes three days in 
 every month for sales. 
 Animals sold on the sale day 
 next after ten days' im- 
 pounding if notice given per- 
 sonally or by telegram, or 
 24 days if notice sent by 
 post or advertised 
 Impounder and poundkeeper 
 may not purchase 
 
 (ix) Unclaimed Money 
 from Sales 
 
 If not claimed within two 
 years, Treasurer pays it 
 to nearest benevolent 
 society or hospital 
 
 If not claimed within two 
 years paid to consolidated 
 revenue or municipal fund 
 
 After two years passes to 
 Council 
 
 (x) Fees and Charges 
 
 Sustenance charges fixed by 
 Council 
 Damage and mileage fixed by 
 Act 
 Fees : goats, swine, or cattle, 
 first head, 6d. ; each addi- 
 tional up to ten, 3d. ; and 
 Id. each additional head 
 Horses, first, Is. ; each addi- 
 tional up to ten, 6d. ; each 
 additional over ten, 3d. 
 Sheep, first, 3d. ; each addi- 
 ditional up to ten, Id. ; over 
 ten, id. each additional 
 
 Sustenance fees and trespass 
 rates payable by owner. 
 Trespass rates not recover- 
 able if animal not im- 
 pounded within three days, 
 and not to exceed Id. for a 
 sheep or 3d. for other head 
 of cattle oil untilled un- 
 fenced land 
 Trespass rates for entires, 
 maximum 5 
 Pound fee, sheep Id. ; other 
 cattle 3d. 
 
 Poundage fees not to exceed 
 2d. per day 
 Owner to pay fees and charges 
 Extra fee for stallions and 
 bulls, 5 
 Rates of damage, maximum 
 5s. for fenced paddock ; 20s. 
 for fenced garden or growing 
 crop ; and 10s. for road or 
 land not fenced under con- 
 trol of Council 
 
 (xi) Penalties 
 
 Poundkeeper neglecting to 
 erect board with fees, maxi- 
 mum 5 per day 
 Not posting notice, maximum 
 40s. per day 
 Poundkeeper 'purchasing, 20 
 Rescue from pound, 20 
 
 Offences under Act, not ex- 
 ceeding 50 or six months' 
 imprisonment with or with- 
 out hard labour 
 
 Impounding in unauthorized 
 places, maximum 10 
 Impounder or poundkeeper 
 purchasing, maximum 5 
 and forfeiture of animal 
 Offences by poundkeeper, 
 maximum 20 
 Rescue from pound, maximum 
 20 
 
 40. Land Reclamation. 
 (i) Acts relating to 
 Land Reclamation 
 
 Water Act 1912 
 
 Drainage Areas Act 1915 
 
 
 
 (ii) Powers of Councils 
 
 Council may acquire powers 
 to drain and reclaim low- 
 lying and swampy ground 
 Trusts can also be formed for 
 draining land 
 
 Council may acquire land, 
 demolish buildings, open 
 new streets, alter levels, 
 drains, sewers, &c., for re- 
 claiming and improving 
 insanitary, low-lying, or 
 over-crowded areas, with 
 consent of Governor 
 Council may construct drains, 
 itc., under Drainage Areas 
 Act 1915 
 
 Council may contract for or 
 undertake the filling up, 
 levelling, and reclamation of 
 waste or low lands under its 
 control 
 
 41. Lighting. 
 (i) Acts relating to 
 Lighting 
 
 
 Electric Light and Power Act 
 1915 
 
 Electric Light and Power Act 
 1896 
 
 (ii) Powers of Councils 
 
 Council may acquire powers 
 to manufacture and supply 
 gas, electricity, and hydrau- 
 lic power 
 Council may exercise powers 
 of lighting 
 
 Council may construct or 
 purchase gas or electric 
 works, or may contract for 
 supply of light up to four- 
 teen years. Council may 
 erect lamps, <tc., or contract 
 for same 
 Council entitled to order 
 under Electric Light and 
 Power Act 
 
 Council may enter upon the 
 manufacture of gas or elec- 
 tricitv and the conservation 
 of hydraulic or other power, 
 and may do all acts neces- 
 sary for the purpose 
 Under authority of an Order 
 made pursuant to the Elec- 
 tric Light and Power Act, 
 Council may construct elec- 
 tric light works 
 
COXSPKCTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 287 
 
 Sorrn Ai >II;\I.IA. 
 
 WKSTKKV Ai STIIAUA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Occupier or owner ol enclosed 
 land may destroy goaN (ex- 
 cept Angora), pig-, dogs, and 
 [loulfry. except by poison, 
 provided that notice of inten- 
 tion is sjiven twice in news- 
 paper 
 
 Owner may kill dogs, ?>igs, goats, 
 rabbit^, poultry, or pigeons 
 found trespassing, and may 
 castrate any entire horse, ass, 
 or bull over one year of age it' 
 unbranded. under \\'il<l C<itt!<> 
 \nitnir<' Aft 171. licences 
 granted for killing unbranded 
 wild cattle and horses, annual 
 fee 2 
 
 Di-ra-rd, injured, and disabled 
 animals ma\ be destroyed 
 Animals not 'sold may be de- 
 stroyed 
 
 After seven days' notice to 
 owner, or lil days in <lir.''1t<>. 
 J.P. to make order. Sales 
 not less than ten or 24 days 
 respectively after order. Tm- 
 pounder, poundkeeper, .T.P. 
 who made order, Councillor, 
 or Council Clerk may not . 
 purchase 
 
 After seven days' impounding 
 J.P. makes order for sale. 
 Poundkeeper and impounder 
 may not purchase 
 
 Sale by auction after 24 hours in 
 Town, or six days in other 
 parts, when notice has been 
 given to owner, or six days 
 and fourteen days respectively 
 when notice has been adver- 
 tised 
 Poundkeeper may not purchase 
 
 After two years passes to Council 
 or Treasury 
 
 Passes to public revenue if not 
 claimed within one year 
 
 Passes to public revenue if not 
 claimed within twelve months 
 
 Fees, from 2d. for a sheep to 
 2s. fid. for an entire, per dav 
 Trespass, |d. to 5s., accordirig 
 to animal and nature of crop 
 Sustenance, Ud. to 9d. per head 
 per day 
 
 Sustenance fees fixed by Justices 
 Trespass fees. Any land, entire, 
 in day-time, minimum 2, maxi- 
 mum 4 ; in night-time, mini- 
 mum 3, maximum 5. Un- 
 enclosed Country land, great 
 cattle 3d. ; small, Id. per head. 
 Enclosed land, maximum 2 ; 
 streets, maximum 2. Un- 
 branded great cattle, double 
 
 Poundage fees. Sheep, d. to 
 2d. ; cattle, 2d. to 6d. ; entires, 
 2s. 6d. : mares, goats, pigs, Is. 
 Sustenance fees. Cattle and 
 horses, Is. ; pigs, 6d. ; sheep 
 and goats, Id. per day 
 
 Unlawfully impounding, maxi- 
 mum 10 
 > T ot keeping pound clean, or 
 animals fed and watered, 
 maximum 5 
 Rescue from pound, minimum 
 4 .'."> or in default from fourteen 
 days to three months' im- 
 prisonment witli hard labour 
 Illegallv purchasing. vr> 
 Hull straying, maximum 2 : 
 stallion straying, maximum 5 
 
 Penalties not to exceed 5 
 Damages on enclosed country land, 
 maximum 30 ; on enclosed 
 town or suburban land, maxi- 
 mum k .'."><! 
 
 Poundkeeper refusing or neglect- 
 ing to receive animal, minimum 
 5 ; maximum 50 
 Rescue from pound, maximum 
 10 
 Not erecting board with fees, 
 minimum 1 ; maximum 10 
 Poundkeeper purchasing, mini- 
 mum 10 ; maximum 100 
 
 Irrif/'ition and Reclnhin-il Lmlx 
 Act 1914 
 
 Hi'iiMi Act 1911, 1912, 1915 
 
 Drainage Promotion Art 1917 
 
 Council to value land for re- 
 clamation and give notice to 
 owners, who may appeal. 
 Cost, of reclamation to be 
 borne proportionately by ad- 
 jacent owners 
 
 Council may call on owner to fill 
 up land lower than level of road 
 or drain 
 
 Governor may, on petition* of 
 owners of land, proclaim 
 " Drainage Area " 
 Board of not more than seven 
 Trustees, elected by rate- 
 payers in District 
 
 <?a ami KleHfir lA'/ltting Act 
 1891 
 
 M'l-trir Lii/lttinff Act 1892, 1905 
 
 
 ' o mil may manufacture gas 
 or electricity, after proclama- 
 tion by Governor as to limits 
 of supply. If there are exist- 
 ing -as works. Council must 
 buy at a price fixed by arbitra- 
 tion. Council tuav contract 
 for lighting 
 
 Council may manufacture, supply, 
 or contract for lighting. Con- 
 tract not to exceed three years 
 without consent of Governor 
 (electricity, 21 years). Council 
 makes by-laws, with penalties 
 not exceeding 50 
 
 Council may construct or pur- 
 chase gas or other works for 
 lighting, or may contract for 
 not exceeding seven years for 
 lighting streets and public pur- 
 pesetB 
 
288 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES.* 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 41. Lighting continued. 
 
 (iii) Proceedings to ob- 
 tain Order for es- 
 tablishing Works 
 
 ' 
 
 Council to pass resolution at 
 special meeting held after 
 fourteen days' notice. Ap- 
 plication for Order to be 
 advertised as Governor di- 
 rects, but order not granted 
 until three months after 
 first advertisement 
 
 Council to pass resolution at 
 special meeting: after four- 
 teen days' notice. Notice 
 of application for Order to 
 be advertised 
 
 (iv) Transference of 
 Powers 
 
 
 Council may transfer powers 
 under order, with consent 
 of majority of Ratepayers 
 at poll 
 
 No transfer of powers can be 
 made without consent of 
 Governor 
 
 (v) Right of Purchase 
 
 Council may purchase electric 
 lighting works 
 
 W T ithin six months of 30 
 years from date of Order, or 
 of every subsequent decen- 
 nial period, Council may 
 require undertakers to sell 
 at valuation fixed by three 
 valuators 
 
 Council may purchase com- 
 pulsorily after 42 years at 
 value, determined, if neces- 
 sary, by arbitration, or 
 shorter period if specified in 
 Order. Existing works can 
 only be acquired on terms 
 of private Act empowering 
 same, otherwise, on six 
 months' notice 
 
 (vi) Lighting new Areas 
 
 
 Petition to be signed by 
 majority of owners. Four- 
 teen days allowed for ob- 
 jections. Council may 
 approve of scheme for agree- 
 ment to supply lighting, 
 the cost to be distributed 
 among owners 
 
 
 42. Markets and 
 Weighbridges. 
 (i) Acts relating to. 
 Markets and 
 Weighbridges 
 
 
 Markets Act 1915 
 
 
 (ii) Establishment, &c., 
 of Markets 
 
 Council may acquire powers 
 to construct and maintain 
 markets, fix rents and fees, 
 &c. 
 
 Council may provide, con- 
 struct, lease, or discontinue 
 market places 
 On application of 25 house- 
 holders, Police Magistrate 
 may call public meeting 
 for establishing markets 
 under Commissioners 
 
 Council may provide markets 
 and make by-laws regulating 
 same 
 Metropolitan Fish Market Act 
 1905 provides for fish market 
 for Brisbane and suburbs^ 
 managed by a Board elected 
 by various Councils 
 
 (iii) Leasing Markets, 
 Tolls, &c. 
 
 
 Council may demand tolls, 
 let stalls for period not ex- 
 ceeding one year, farm tolls 
 and rents for period not 
 exceeding seven years 
 
 Council may lease stalls and 
 farm market charges for 
 not over three years 
 
 (iv) Weighbridges 
 
 
 Council may provide weigh- 
 bridges, and in market must 
 provide proper machines 
 for weighing or measuring 
 and keep a set of weights 
 and measures 
 
 Council may provide public 
 weighbridges, fix charges, 
 &c. 
 
 (v) Penalties 
 
 
 Selling elsewhere than in 
 market, maximum 2. Re- 
 fusal by seller to weigh, 
 maximum 2. Frauds in 
 weighing, maximum 5 or 
 one month's imprisonment 
 with or without hard labour 
 
 
 43. Noxious Animals and 
 Birds. 
 (i) Acts relating to 
 noxious Animals 
 and Birds 
 
 Native Dog Destruction and 
 Poisoned Baits Act 1902 
 Pastures Protection Act 1912 
 
 Vermin Destruction Act 1915 
 
 Marsupial Boards Act 1905, 
 1910 
 Marsupial-proof Fencing Act 
 1898, 1913 
 Babbit Act 1885, 1889, 1913 
 
CoNsi'K< TTS OF ACTS 289 
 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WESTERN- AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Where Council contracts for elec- 
 tricity, it is lawful to make 
 stipulations for the purchase of 
 all rights 
 
 % 
 
 Mtntii-i/i'iHtif. Half cost paid by 
 Ratepayers concerned, accord- 
 ing to assessment or lineal 
 frantagi 
 {Metric**.. In Townships at re- 
 quest of majority of Rate- 
 payers expenses "met by sepa- 
 rate rate not exceeding -Id. in 
 the 1, or by ratepayers paying 
 half in proportion to their 
 -inents 
 
 Municipally. If, before any 
 Municipality is lighted, the 
 majority of Ratepayers in any 
 portion desire lighting, one-half 
 of cost is defrayed from ordinary 
 revenue, and. if insufficient, 
 from special rate of maximum 
 6d. in the 1 ; o-.her half rate- 
 ably by ratepayers concerned 
 
 
 Market Clauses Act 1870-71. 
 (Does not apply to markets 
 established by the City of Ade- 
 laide.) 
 
 
 Markets Act 1834 
 
 Council may erect markets and 
 make by-laws, which must In- 
 laid before Parliament for four- 
 teen days, and approved by 
 'Governor 
 
 Municipality. Council rmty pro- 
 vide market places, construct 
 markets, and make convenient 
 approaches 
 
 Council, by special resolution 
 may provide markets and 
 make by-laws regulating same. 
 Governor may establish markets 
 and fix tolls and stallage not 
 exceeding those fixed by 
 schedule, and make rules 
 
 Council may let markets estab- 
 lished by them, with rents, 
 tolls, &c., for period not ex- 
 ceeding 21 years 
 
 Municipality. Council may let 
 all or any stalls, rents, &C., for 
 period not exceeding three years, 
 and may lease markets with 
 consent of Governor 
 
 Governor or Council may let 
 stalls or farm rents, tolls, tvc., 
 for period not exceeding 
 twelve months 
 
 Proper weights and measures and 
 weighbridges to be provided. 
 Council may make by-laws regu- 
 lating the licensing of weiub- 
 bridges 
 
 Municipality. Council may pro- 
 vide weighbridges, weighing 
 houses, and weights 
 
 Council may by special resolution 
 provide weighbridges 
 
 No penalty under by-laws to 
 exceed 5. Obstructing mar- 
 ket-keeper, maximum 2. Sell- 
 ing elsewhere than in market, 
 
 maximum J2. Seller refusing 
 to weigh, maximum 2 
 
 M in' ''d^HUty. Holding market 
 elsewhere, maximum 2. Re- 
 fusal to. allow weighing, maxi- 
 mum 10. Frauds in weighing, 
 maximum 5 or one month's 
 imprisonment 
 
 Selling outside market, maximum 
 2. (Under Markets Act, mini- 
 mum ">s., maximum fit.) 
 
 Wild Dogs Act 1912, 1914 
 Vermin Act 1914, 1915, 1916 
 Sparrow Destruction Act 1889 
 
 De*truHii-<> lih-'fx and Animals Act 
 1893 
 linhhit Act 1902 
 Vermin Boards Act 1909, 1915 
 
 I 
 
 Rabbit Destruction Act 1S89, 1893 
 Wire Netting Act 1910 
 
 C.7099. 10 
 
290 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 XEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 43. Noxious Animals and 
 Birds continued . 
 (ii) Animals or Birds 
 proclaimed to be 
 noxious 
 
 Marsupials, native dogs, and 
 animals proclaimed by 
 Governor on petition from 
 Board of District 
 Governor may proclaim 
 any District to be rabbit- 
 infested 
 
 Rabbits, foxes, dingoes, dogs 
 run wild, and any animal 
 or bird proclaimed by 
 Governor to be vermin 
 
 Rabbit Act. Rabbit > 
 Marsupial-proof Fencing Act. 
 Wallaby, kangaroo, walla- 
 roo, paddamelou, bandicoot, 
 kangaroo rat, and dingo 
 Marsupial Boards Act. Dingo, 
 fox, wallaby, paddamelon, 
 bandicoot, and kangaroo 
 rat 
 
 (iii) Powers of Councils 
 
 Council may acquire powers 
 under Native Dog Destruc- 
 tion and Poisoned Baits Act 
 1902, may declare noxious 
 animals not under Pastures 
 Protection Act 1912, extir- 
 pate same on land vested 
 in it, and require owners 
 or occupiers to extirpate on 
 their property 
 
 Shire may borrow money 
 from Government for pur- 
 chase of vermin-proof 
 fencing on petition from 
 owners 
 Council to pay rewards 
 for destruction of vermin 
 within its boundaries. 
 Council may purchase net- 
 ting on terms from Minister 
 and sell to owners of land 
 
 Council may contract for or 
 undertake destruction of 
 noxious animals 
 
 (iv) Districts and 
 Boards 
 
 Pastures Protection Districts 
 notified by Governor. 
 Board for each District to 
 consist of eight members, 
 elected by Ratepayers of 
 District 
 
 Special Area is whole or part 
 of Shire for the benefit of 
 which a loan is applied for 
 netting 
 
 . 
 
 Marsupial-proof Fencing Act. 
 Governor defines infested 
 areas 
 Marsupial Boards Act. 
 Governor proclaims Dis- 
 tricts. Board of five mem- 
 bers, one appointed by 
 Governor, four elected by 
 resident owners or managers 
 of stations for two years 
 Rabbit Act. Central Board 
 and District Boards consti- 
 tuted, to erect rabbit-proof 
 fencing and destroy rabbits 
 
 (v) Revenue of Boards, 
 <fec. 
 
 Owners of ten head or more 
 of large stock and of 100 
 or more sheep rated, not 
 to exceed 4d. per head of 
 large stock and d. per 
 head of sheep. Unstocked 
 land assessed on carrying 
 capacity. Half rates on 
 holdings with rabbit-proof 
 fence 
 
 
 Marsupial Boards Act. Board 
 makes assessment, not ex- 
 ceeding 7s. 6d. per twenty 
 head of cattle or 100 sheep. 
 Government subsidy one- 
 fourth when assessment not 
 less than 6d. on everv 
 twenty head of cattle or ]00 
 sheep 
 Scalper's licence, 2s. 6d. per 
 annum 
 Rabbit Act 1913. Government 
 grant not exceeding 10,000 
 annually, and assessment of 
 from Is. to 5s. for every 
 twenty head of cattle or 
 100 head of sheep within the 
 District. Board may also 
 borrow from Treasury 
 
 (vi) Officials 
 
 Governor appoints Inspectors. 
 Board appoints Secretary 
 and other officers subject 
 to approval of Minister 
 
 Governor appoints Chief and 
 other Inspectors, who have 
 power to destroy vermin 
 when owner fails to do so 
 
 Under Rabbit Act Governor 
 may 'authorize any person 
 to enter land and destroy 
 rabbits 
 
 (vii) Duties of Owners 
 and Occupiers 
 
 To extirpate noxious animals 
 within three months from 
 notice to do so 
 Owners to erect and main- 
 tain ring fences when re- 
 quired 
 
 To suppress and destroy all 
 vermin from time to time. 
 Simultaneous destruction 
 may be ordered by the 
 Governor. Notice may be 
 given by Inspector 
 
 Jfo person, under Rabbit Act 
 1885, to have on his premises 
 any live rabbit 
 Rabbit Act 1913. Owner of 
 rabbit-proof fenced holding 
 to destroy rabbits within 
 30 days, failing. Minister 
 authorizes person to do so 
 
 (viii) Rewards for de- 
 stroying noxious 
 Animals 
 
 Boards may pay bonuses for 
 . scalps of noxious animals 
 
 Foxes, minimum 2s. 6d. 
 Government refunds half 
 difference between reward 
 and money for skin, not 
 exceeding Is. 3d. 
 Wild Dogs, minimum 1. 
 Council not compelled to 
 pay more than 200 in a 
 year. Government refunds 
 half, but not exceeding 10s. 
 or total of 500 
 
 Fixed by Board. Compulsory 
 for dingoes, minimxim 5s. ; 
 optional for mnrsupiuls 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 291 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Sparrow Destruction Act. House 
 sparrows 
 Wild Dogs Act. Dingo, cross of 
 n.it ive dog and a dog run wild 
 Vermin A>-t. Rabbits, wild dogs, 
 foxes, and other proclaimed 
 animals 
 
 Destructive Birds and Animals 
 Act. Sparrows and other birds 
 and animals proclaimed by 
 Governor 
 Rabbit Act. Rabbits 
 Vermin Ad. Rabbits, wild dogs, 
 and other animals declared by 
 Governor 
 
 Rabbits 
 
 Council to enforce destruction of 
 vermin and may borrow money 
 tor purchase of wire netting 
 Council to suppress and destroy 
 sparrows and make by-laws ; 
 in default, Commissioner of 
 frown Lands takes action 
 
 District. Council may apply 
 ordinary revenue to destruction 
 of vermin, except in Vermin 
 Districts under the Vermin 
 Act 
 
 Council to take measures to 
 destroy rabbits under Rabbit 
 Destruction Act. Council may 
 purchase wire netting under 
 Wire Netting Act, and advance 
 same to owners 
 
 Sparrow Destruction Act. 
 Governor may declare any 
 District a Sparrow District 
 Vermin Act. Council may de- 
 clare Crown lands to be vermin 
 infested 
 Government proclaims vermin- 
 infested Districts ; and ap- 
 points members of first Board, 
 who are afterwards elected by 
 Ratepayers 
 Wild Dogs Act. Fund consti- 
 tuted of rates, subsidies, and 
 advances 
 
 Vermin Act. Governor consti- 
 tutes Districts with Boards, 
 elected by Ratepayers. Board 
 to erect and maintain fences 
 and destroy vermin 
 
 Governor on report of Inspector 
 declares infested District. A 
 Municipal District is a District 
 under the Act 
 
 Sparrow Destruction Act. Coun- 
 cil may make rate not exceed- 
 ing 2d., or with consent of 
 Ratepayers, Gd. in the 1 
 Wild Dogs Act. Rate, 3d. per 
 square mile within vermin- 
 infested Districts or land sur- 
 rounded by a vermin fence, up 
 to Is. on other land; minimum, 
 5s. Occupier of less than 3 
 square miles exempt. Subsidy 
 1 for 1 up to 2,100 in a 
 year. Treasury loans up to 
 2,000 at 4 per cent. 
 Vermin Act. Council or Board 
 may collect rates. Rates by 
 Board not to exceed 5s. for 
 each quarter of a square mile 
 
 Vermin Act. Board may make a 
 rate not exceeding Is. per 100 
 acres, and may borrow from 
 Treasury 
 
 Council may levy a special rate 
 
 Sparrow Destruction Act. Coun- 
 cil appoints Inspectors, who 
 may destroy sparrows' eggs if 
 occupier fails to do so 
 Vermin Act. Commissioner of 
 Crown Lands appoints In- 
 spectors 
 
 Rabbit Act. Governor appoints 
 Inspectors 
 Vermin Act. Governor appoints 
 Inspectors 
 
 Governor appoints Chief In- 
 spector ; Council appoints 
 other Inspectors 
 
 Sparrow Destruction Act. Any 
 person may destroy sparrows. 
 Occupier to destroy sparrows' 
 eggs within 21 days after notice 
 Vermin Act. Occupiers and 
 owners to destroy vermin. 
 Simultaneous action may be 
 ordered 
 
 Vermin. Owner, on receipt of 
 notice, to destroy vermin 
 Rabbits. Occupier or owner to 
 destroy rabbits 
 Destructive Birds. Not to be im- 
 ported, kept, or set free. Any 
 person may destroy 
 
 Owner to take measures to 
 destroy within seven days of 
 notice 
 Occupier may recover from two- 
 fifths to four-fifths of cost from 
 owner, according to length of 
 tenancy ; pastoral Crown 
 tenant one-half 
 
 Sparrows. Rewards may be paid 
 Wild Dogs. Rewards fixed by 
 Treasurer, but not less than 
 5s. 
 
 Rabbit Act. No bonus for 
 destruction of rabbits may be 
 offered or paid without licence 
 from Minister 
 Vermin Act. Board may grant 
 bonuses 
 
 
 10 
 
292 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 43. Noxious Animals and 
 Birds continued, 
 (ix) Fencing 
 
 Government may advance 
 netting or money therefor 
 to Board, repayable over 
 twenty years with 5 per 
 cent, interest. Board may 
 sell netting to private 
 owners on same terms. 
 Board may erect rabbit- 
 prooi barrier fence 
 
 Money borrowed for fencing 
 to be repaid within ten 
 year? without interest from 
 municipal fund or from 
 owner, who repays annually 
 one-tenth of loan from 
 Council with 4 per cent, 
 interest 
 
 Governor may supply occupier 
 or owner with wire netting, 
 &c., to be paid for in equal 
 instalments up to 25 years 
 with interest 
 
 (x) Penalties 
 
 Wilfully using or disposing of 
 netting, maximum 50. 
 Owner" or occupier failing 
 to destroy first, maximum 
 10 ; second, maximum 
 25 ; subsequent offence, 
 maximum 50. Imper- 
 sonating Inspector, maxi- 
 mum six months' im- 
 prisonment with or without 
 hard labour or 100. Ob- 
 structing Inspector, maxi- 
 mum 20. Passing live rab- 
 bit through fence, leavhm 
 gate ripen, injuring fence. 
 <fec., maximum six months' 
 imprisonment with or 
 without hard labouror100. 
 Liberating rabbits, maxi- 
 mum 100 
 
 Failing to destroy vermin 
 first offence, maximum 10; 
 subsequent, maximum 50. 
 Failing to destroy simul- 
 taneously, minimum 2, 
 maximum 50. Keeping 
 or letting loose vermin, 
 minimum 5, maximum 50 
 or six months' imprison- 
 ment with or without hard 
 labour. Personating In- 
 spector, same fine or three 
 months. Obstructing per- 
 sons carrying out Act, 
 maximum 20 . Destroying 
 fences, gates, &c., maxi- 
 mum six months and maxi- 
 . mum 50. Using unlaw- 
 fully, or selling, or giving 
 away netting, maximum 
 100 or six months' im- 
 prisonment with or without 
 hard labour. Killing 
 natural enemy of vermin, 
 minimum 1, maximum 10 
 
 llabbit Act 188."). Introducing 
 or letting loose rabbits, 100 
 and maximum two years 
 with or without hard labour. 
 Keeping live rabbits, or ob- 
 structing persons destroy- 
 ing first otfense. minimum 
 10, maximum 50 ; sub- 
 sequent, minimum 20. 
 maximum 100 
 Marsupial Hoards Act. 
 Scalper keeping or using 
 cyanide of potassium, maxi- 
 mum 10. Scalper refusing 
 to show licence to police, 
 maximum 5. Fraudulently 
 obtaining certificate fcr 
 scalps, maximum 20 
 Marsupial-proof Fencing Act. 
 .Misusing wire netting, maxi- 
 mum 50 or six months' im- 
 prisonment 
 Rabbit Act 1913. Not destroy- 
 ing rabbits after notice, 
 minimum 10. maximum 
 100 
 
 44. Noxious Insects, &c. 
 (i) Acts relating to 
 Noxious Insects, 
 &c. 
 
 Vine and Vegetation Diseases 
 and Fruit Pests Act. 1912 
 Stock Diseases (Tick) Act 1901, 
 1915 
 
 Vegetation and Vine Diseases 
 Act 1915 
 
 Diseases in Plants Act 1916 
 
 (ii) Insects proclaimed 
 to be noxious 
 
 Any fungus, vegetable para- 
 site, or insect proclaimed 
 by the Governor. Governor 
 may prohibit introduction 
 of plant likely to introduce 
 noxious insect 
 
 Phylloxera vastatrix or a in 
 disease in grape vines pro- 
 claimed by Governor 
 
 Any plant, insect, or fungus 
 proclaimed to be a pest 
 
 (iii) Administration 
 
 Council may acquire powers 
 to extirpate 
 Governor may proclaim vine 
 districts with Boards 
 
 Minister 
 Governor may make regula- 
 tions 
 
 Governor may make regula- 
 tions 
 
 (iv) Provision for Ex- 
 penses of Admin- 
 istration 
 
 Officials paid by Government 
 
 Officials paid by Government 
 
 Expenses incurred paid out of 
 moneys appropriated by 
 Parliament 
 
 (v) Officials 
 
 Officials appointed by Gover- 
 nor 
 
 Inspectors appointed by 
 Minister 
 
 Inspectors appointed by 
 Governor 
 
 (vi) Duties of Occupiers 
 or Owners 
 
 Stock Diseases Act. To dis- 
 infect, dip, quarantine 
 stock, Ac., on demand by 
 Inspector 
 Vine and Vegetation Diseases 
 and Fruit Pests Act. To 
 treat or destroy infected 
 plants, &c. 
 
 To destroy all insects within 21 
 days ot notice ; in default, 
 it is done at their expense 
 
 Orchards and nurseries to he 
 registered. Owner or occu- 
 pier to destroy pests when 
 ordered by Inspector ; in 
 default, Inspector can do so 
 after summons heard in 
 Court of Petty Sessions 
 
 (vii) Penalties 
 
 Stock Diseases Act. Breach 
 of Act, maximum 100. 
 Breach of Regulations, 
 maximum 50 
 
 Selling or exposing for sale 
 diseased trees, ifec., maxi- 
 mum 10. Obstructing In- 
 spectors or disobeying 
 notices, &c., maximum 20 
 
 Obstructing Inspector or 
 neglecting to comply with 
 Act, maximum 20. Failing 
 to register first offence, 
 minimum 1, maximum 5 ; 
 subsequent, minimum 2, 
 maximum 10 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 293 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Council may borrow for wire 
 nettim: ."iid supply same to 
 (MtMN 
 Vermin-proof fence*, erected and 
 paid for out of loans from 
 Government, repayable in 
 twenty equal annual instal- 
 ments 
 
 Hnbbit Act. Owner or occupier 
 may obtain wire netting from 
 Government, to be paid for in 
 twenty equal annual instalments 
 with 4 per cent, interest. 
 Government may erect rabbit- 
 proof fences. 
 Vermin Act. Board may erect 
 fencing; if used by owner of 
 land, latter pays annually 5 per 
 cent, on cost 
 
 Council may purchase netting 
 from Minister, 10 per cent. 
 cash, balance in nine equal 
 instalments with 4J, per cent, 
 interest. Owner pays 4^ per 
 cent, interest on netting and 
 repays capital in ten equal 
 annual instalments 
 
 Sptunut l>c*ti-nrtion Act. Penal- 
 Tie-; under by-laws not to ex- 
 ceed 2. 1'ersonating Inspector, 
 maximum 20 or three months. 
 Obstructing Inspector, maxi- 
 mum 5 or one month. Letting 
 loose sparrows. maximum 10 or 
 three months with or without 
 hard labour 
 Vernt'n Act. Destroying fence, 
 leaving gate open, maximum 
 20 or six months with or 
 without hard labour. Im- 
 personating officer, maximum 
 twelve months with or without 
 hard labour, and minimum 20, 
 maximum 100. Obstructing 
 officer, maximum 20. Letting 
 vermin loose, maximum 100 
 or six months with or without 
 hard labour 
 
 Rabbit Act. Failure to destroy 
 first offence, maximum 10 ; 
 subsequent, 50. Impersonat- 
 ing Inspector, maximum six 
 months or 100. Obstructing 
 Inspector, maximum 20. 
 Leaving gate open, destroying 
 fence, &c., maximum six months 
 or 100, or both. Liberating or 
 keeping rabbits, maximum 100. 
 Offering rewards or selling dead 
 rabbits west of fence without 
 licence, maximum 50. 
 Vermin Boards Ant. Destroying 
 fence, minimum 20, maxi- 
 mum 100. Leaving gate 
 open, maximum 100. Ob- 
 structing Inspector, maximum 
 50 
 Destructive Birds and Animals 
 Act. Breach of Act, first, 
 maximum 50 : subsequent, 
 maximum 100 
 
 Babbits. Obstructing Inspector 
 or setting rabbits at large, 
 minimum 5, maximum 20. 
 Failing to destroy rabbits, 
 minimum 2, maximum 25 
 Netting. Using netting not for 
 purposes of advance, maximum 
 100 or six months' imprison- 
 ment 
 
 Vine, Fruit and Vegetable Protec- 
 tion Act 1885 
 
 Plant Diseases Act 1914 
 
 San Jose Scale Act 1915 
 Veqetation Diseases Act 1898 
 Codlin Moth Act 1888, 1891, 1900, 
 1912 
 
 Phylloxera mstatrix, Carpocapsa 
 pomonella or codlin moth. .-!*- 
 pidiotux aurantii or round 
 orange scale insect, Doryphorm 
 dectmlineata or Colorado beetle. 
 Any insect proclaimed by 
 Governor 
 
 Any parasite which commonly 
 attacks or is found on plants 
 
 Codlin moth, San Jose- scale. 
 Any insect proclaimed by 
 Governor. Importation of 
 plants liable to introduce 
 disease prohibited 
 
 Commissioner of Crown Lands 
 
 Governor may make regulations, 
 appoint ports of entry, quaran- 
 tine grounds, &c. 
 
 Every Municipality may be pro- 
 claimed to be a Fruit District 
 
 Moneys appropriated by Parlia- 
 ment 
 
 Where owner liable, expense a 
 charge on the land 
 
 Tax 'eviable of 6s. per acre of 
 fruit-bearing and 3s. non- 
 fruit-bearing land ; if insuf- 
 ficient, Governor may autho- 
 rize addition up to 4s. per 
 acre on every orchard. Levy 
 not exceeding 6d. per acre 
 made towards paying salaries 
 
 Inspectors appointed by Com- 
 missioner of Crown Lands 
 
 Governor appoints Inspectors and 
 .Minister temporary Inspectors 
 
 Inspectors appointed by Muni- 
 cipality or Governor 
 
 Inspector may direct occupier to 
 eradicate or destroy noxious 
 insects 
 
 Occupier of orchard to give notice 
 of disease, must eradicate when 
 called upon, must destroy prun- 
 ings within fourteen days 
 
 To give notice of infected trees 
 to Inspector. Occupier to 
 send annual return of fruit- 
 bearing and non-fruit-bearing 
 acreage by 1st September 
 
 Introducing prohibited insects, 
 minimum 5, maximum 100 
 or six months' imprisonment 
 
 Not eradicating pest, minimum 5, 
 maximum 100. Not destroy- 
 ing prunings, minimum 10s., 
 maximum 10. Selling diseased 
 fruit, A r c., minimum 5, maxi- 
 mum 100 
 
 Not sending in returns, maximum 
 5. Not giving notice of in- 
 fection, maximum 10. Ob- 
 structing Inspector or selling 
 infected fruit, minimum 10s., 
 maximum 5 
 Offences against Vegetation Di- 
 seases Act, maximum 10 
 
294 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 "45. Noxious Plants. 
 
 (i) JActs relating to 
 Noxious Plants 
 
 Prickly Pear Destruction Act 
 1901 
 
 Thistles Act 1915 
 
 Pnekly Pear Destruction Act. 
 1912 
 
 (ii) Plants proclaimed 
 to be noxious 
 
 Prickly Pear. 
 Plants declared by Council 
 to be noxious 
 
 Bathurst burr, Canadian 
 thistle, and other plants 
 mentioned in Act or de- 
 clared to be Thistles by 
 Governor 
 
 Prickly Pear 
 Weeds declared noxious by 
 Minister to be notified in 
 Gazette 
 Council may by by-law declare 
 a plant to be noxious 
 
 (iii) Powers and Duties 
 of Council 
 
 Council may acquire powers 
 to declare plants noxious 
 and extirpate on land 
 vested in it, and cause 
 owners to extirpate 
 Council administers Prickly 
 Pear Destruction Act 
 
 Municipal officer may require 
 owner to eradicate noxious 
 plants, and, in default, may 
 do so at owner's expense 
 
 Council may extirpate on un- 
 occupied Crown land, public 
 reserve, private land or 
 road, and may remove 
 weeds, refuse, &c., from 
 water-courses 
 
 (iv) Duties^of Occupiers 
 
 Occupier to take steps to 
 eradicate within one month 
 of receipt of notice, landlord 
 and tenant each pay half 
 cost, unless other arrange- 
 ment made 
 Inspector may eradicate at 
 owner's or occupier's ex- 
 pense. If owner or occupier 
 absent from New South 
 Wales Minister may let land 
 after twelve months for not 
 more than 21 years 
 
 Occupier to eradicate and 
 keep clear for six months 
 on notice from Justice or 
 municipal officer. In de- 
 fault Authorities to do so 
 at occupier's expense 
 
 Owner to extirpate within 
 one month of notice. In 
 default Council extirpates 
 at owner's expense. Owner 
 of land fronting non-tidal 
 water- course, to keep banks 
 and water-course to centre 
 free of noxious weeds, at 
 direction of Minister 
 
 (v) Crown Lands 
 
 Minister may eradicate or 
 lease in areas not exceeding 
 640 acres for 21 years con- 
 ditionally on lessee eradi- 
 cating 
 Council may, with permission, 
 destroy noxious weeds on 
 Crown lands 
 
 Notice to be left in Melbourne 
 at the office of the Board of 
 Land and Works. Board to 
 eradicate 
 
 Treasurer liable for cost of 
 extirpation 
 Minister may agree with per- 
 sons for the eradication on 
 unleased heavily-infested 
 Crown lands under a land 
 grant system, or may lease 
 at nominal rent for 50 
 years, lessee to destroy 
 prickly pear 
 
 (vi) Penalties 
 
 Neglecting to eradicate 
 noxious weeds, minimum 
 5 ; maximum 20 
 Other offences against Act, 
 maximum 20 
 Refusal to permit inspection, 
 maximum 5 
 
 Not destroying noxious weeds 
 within fourteen days first 
 offence, maximum 5 ; sub- 
 sequent, minimum 2, 
 maximum 20 
 
 Not destroying noxious weeds, 
 minimum 5, maximum 50 
 Person in occupation of land 
 on which water hyacinth is 
 found, maximum 50 
 Owner and occupier of land 
 on which prickly pear is 
 found after order to destroy, 
 - minimum 5, maximum 50 
 
 46. Noxious Trades. 
 (i) Acts relating to 
 Noxious Trades 
 
 Noxious Trades Act 1902 
 
 Health Act 1915 
 
 Health (Consolidated) Act 
 1900-1911 
 
 (ii) Trades proclaimed 
 to be noxious 
 
 Those declared by Governor 
 to be noxious 
 
 Abattoirs, bone mills or bone 
 manure depots, fell- 
 mongeries, tanneries, fish 
 curing, glue, manures, 
 marine stores, piggeries, 
 storing, drying or preserv- 
 ing bones, hides, hoofs, or 
 skins, soap or candle works, 
 boiling down, &c. 
 
 
 (iii) Noxious Trade 
 Areas 
 
 The Act to have effect in 
 the county of Cumberland, 
 and such other parts of the 
 State as the Governor, on 
 the recommendation of the 
 Board of Health, may pro- 
 claim 
 
 Council to register noxious 
 trades establishments, 
 maximum fee 5. Council 
 may refuse registration 
 
 Council may make by-laws 
 defining areas for noxious 
 trades 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 <;o\KRNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 295 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Thistle ami Hun- Act 1862, 1887 
 It Aft 1891 
 
 Noxiou* Weeds Act 1904 
 
 Californian Thistle Act 1883, 
 1884, 1887 
 
 star thistle, I'.athurst burr, and 
 any weed declared by resolu- 
 tion of Parliament to be 
 ooxknu 
 
 Plants declared by Minister by 
 notice in Gazette 
 
 Calit'ornian thistle, Bathurst 
 burr 
 
 Council to destroy noxious plants 
 on roads or lands under its 
 control 
 Commissioner of Crown Lands 
 to call on Council to exercise 
 its powers of eradication within 
 :iO days of noxious weeds 
 growing on any land within 
 its jurisdiction 
 
 Council to clear land under its 
 control of noxious weeds, and 
 apply ordinary revenue for the 
 purpose 
 
 Council to eradicate noxious 
 weeds on roads 
 Council to cause all thistles 
 growing on roads to be cut 
 down before blossoming ; in 
 default, Inspector does so at 
 Council's expense 
 
 Occupier or owner to eradicate 
 from land and half of road 
 within 21 days after notice, 
 in default Council may do so 
 at his expense 
 
 Inspector may require owner to 
 clear land of noxious weeds, 
 in default he may do so at 
 owner's expense 
 Occupier bears whole expense if he 
 has right to land for six years, 
 if for four to six years two- 
 thirds, if for two to four years 
 one-third, and if for two years 
 or under owner bears expense 
 
 Occupier to clear land within 
 fourteen days of notice from 
 Inspector, in default Inspector 
 does so at occupier's expense. 
 Occupier to make an annual 
 return of area of infested land 
 
 Crown land to be cleared by 
 Commissioner of Crown Lands 
 at Government expense if not 
 under management of Council 
 
 Crown land within one mile of culti- 
 vated land to be cleared by 
 Government 
 
 Minister to cause thistles to be 
 cut down before blossoming on 
 unoccupied Crown lands 
 
 -Vot eradicating within 21 days, 
 maximum 10 
 
 Occupier not clearing land, maxi- 
 mum 50 
 Obstructing Inspector, maximum 
 50 
 
 2fot effectually cutting down 
 noxious weeds, maximum 20 
 Obstructing Inspector, maximum 
 20 
 Removing or selling hay, straw, 
 or grain containing thistle seed, 
 minimum 2, maximum 25 
 
 .Vo/.s?/ Trades Act 189* 
 Health Act 1898, 1909, 1916 
 Manufacturing Districts Act 1881, 
 1882 
 
 llpiilth Act 1911, 1912, 1915 
 
 Health Act 1903 
 
 Those carried on in (a) candle 
 houses, melting houses, soap 
 houses, fellmongeries, tan- 
 neries, slaughter houses, or 
 places for boiling meat, offal, 
 or blood, or for boiling, burn- 
 ing, orcrushing bones ; (ft) those 
 causing offensive effluvia ; (c) 
 those where lead or other 
 poisoning may be caused ; 
 (d) those declared by pro- 
 clamation 
 
 Abattoirs, bone mills, manure 
 depots, chemical works, cleaning 
 and dye works, fat rendering 
 establishments, fellmongeries, 
 tanneries, or wool scouring, fish 
 curing, fish shops, flock, glue 
 factories, laundries, manure 
 works, marine stores, piggeries, 
 storing bone, drying hides,' hoofs 
 or skins, soap or candle works, 
 tripe boiling, boiling-down estab- 
 lishments, &c. 
 
 Blood or offal boiling and treat- 
 ing, bone boiling or crushing, 
 candle making, chemical or 
 acid making, copper or lead 
 smelting, fellmongering, slaugh- 
 tering, soap boiling, tallow 
 melting, tanning, gut scraping, 
 gut spinning, glue making, 
 manure manufacturing, &c. 
 
 Soisy Trades Act. Council may 
 petition Governor to proclaim 
 noisy trades, and may make 
 by-laws licensing same 
 Manufacturing Districts Act. 
 On petition of resident house- 
 holders, Governor establishes 
 and defines areas and may 
 exempt therefrom Health and 
 other Acts 
 
 
 Governor, on advice of Chief 
 Health Officer, may proclaim 
 noxious trades areas 
 Council may license persons to 
 carry on noisy trade within 
 200 yards of dwelling-house 
 
 i 
 
296 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 46. Noxious Trades 
 continued. 
 
 (iv) Powers of Councils 
 
 Council to register annually 
 noxious trades, and report 
 to Board of Health. May 
 refuse or cancel registration", 
 and may require owner to 
 keep premises in sanitary 
 condition. Inspection of 
 premises at least once a 
 month 
 
 Council may cause removal of 
 noxious trade, if oH'onsive. 
 and may compensate 
 owner. Resolution to be 
 adopted by special order 
 and confirmed by majority 
 of Councillors 
 
 Consent of Council necessary 
 before establishing noxloua 
 trade 
 
 (v) Penalties 
 
 Carrying on trade without 
 registration, maximum 5 
 per day 
 Breach of regulations or con- 
 travention of Act. maximum 
 20 
 
 Carrying on noxious trade 
 without consent, minimum 
 5, maximum 50 ; and 
 minimum 2, maximum 5 
 per day 
 
 KsTa Wishing noxious trade 
 without consent of Council, 
 maximum 50 and 2 per 
 
 day 
 
 47. Places of Recreation. 
 
 (i) Acts relating to 
 Places of llecrea- 
 tion 
 
 Public Park* Act 1912 
 
 
 State Forests and \titioimf 
 Parks Act 1906 
 
 (ii) Administration 
 
 Public Parks are under 
 Trustees 
 Municipality and Shire may 
 acquire power to manage 
 parks, &c. 
 Council may acquire powers 
 to establish parks, recrea- 
 tion grounds, <fec. Governor 
 may charge a Council with 
 such care 
 
 If belonging to Council, by 
 Council 
 
 Council may purchase, rent, 
 &c., land for parks, 
 museums, libraries, d-c. 
 Governor may place parks, 
 reserves, &c., under control 
 of Councils, and may per- 
 manently reserye Crown 
 lands as National Park, 
 and make regulations re- 
 garding same 
 Council may borrow money 
 for parks 
 
 (iii) Powers of Councils 
 
 Council may close parks for 
 not longer than three days 
 at a time, or 60 days in a 
 year, and charge for admis- 
 sion, proceeds to go to 
 maintenance of park 
 Council may set apart portion 
 of park for games, au- 
 thorize buildings. Arc. 
 Council may acquire powers 
 to establish and maintain 
 libraries. art galleries, 
 museums, gardens, bands, 
 &c. 
 
 Council may rent, purchase, 
 or provide for pleasure 
 grounds, museums, gymna- 
 siums, gardens, or places of 
 public recreation or resort, 
 and make by-laws regulat- 
 ing same and charges for 
 use 
 All charges and fees to go to 
 maintenance 
 
 Council may provide for 
 public recreation 'grounds, 
 and fix reasonable charges. 
 Ratepayers holding one- 
 fifth of votes may petition 
 for park. Governor may 
 order Council to increase 
 provision for parks. Loans 
 for parks advanced by 
 Government, to be repaid 
 within 40 years. Council 
 may provide museum*, 
 libraries, &c. 
 
 48. Public Health. 
 
 (i) Acts relating to 
 Public Health 
 
 Public Health Act 1902, 1915 
 Pure Food Act 1908 
 
 Public Health Act 1915 
 Bakers and Millers Act 1915 
 
 Health (Consolidated) Art 
 1900-1911 
 
 (ii) Powers of Council 
 
 Administration of Pure Food 
 Act may be left to Council. 
 Board of Health may re- 
 quire Council to submit for 
 analysis three samples of 
 food annually for every 
 1,000 of population 
 Council may be appointed 
 Local Authority under 
 Health Act 
 
 Council to appoint Officer of 
 Health, and, when required, 
 analysts and inspectors, 
 and carry out duties of a 
 Local Board of Health 
 Council may appoint ! nspector 
 to carry out provisions of 
 the Baker* and Millers Act 
 
 Council may. and when re- 
 quired by Health Com- 
 missioner ' shall, appoint 
 officer of health, analysts. 
 experts, inspectors. <Ve. 
 
 49. Sewerage and 
 Drainage. 
 
 (i) Acts relating to 
 Sewerage and 
 Drainage 
 
 1 
 
 Drainage Promotion Act 1901 
 
 Drainage Areas Act 1915 
 Sewerage Districts Act 1915 
 
 UfiiHh (Consolidated) AH 
 1900-1917 
 (Metropolitan Water sv///y/. v 
 and Seiceraqe Act 1909 to 
 1915 relates to Brisbane 
 and suburbs only) 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA contl>ml. 
 
 297 
 
 SOt'TII Al-IKAI.IA. 
 
 WKSTKRN AVSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Council's con-cut necessary lie- 
 ion- romnici,ciii<r or extending 
 :iny olt'ensj\e trade 
 
 Consent of Council neccs>ar\ 
 before establishing noxious t rade 
 Offensive trades to be registered, 
 fee not to exceed 5 per annum 
 Council may, and if required by 
 Health Commissioner must, 
 mako by-laws 
 
 Noxious trades establishment to 
 lie registered annually in Janu- 
 ary, fee 20s. per annum 
 
 Keeping offensive refuse, 20 
 Keeping pigs within 50 feet of 
 house or street, 10 
 Commencing or extending offen- 
 sive trade without consent of 
 Council, 50 
 
 Establishment of noxious trade 
 without consent of Council, 
 maximum 50 ; carrying on 
 same, maximum 5 per day 
 
 Establishing noxious trade in 
 breach of Act, maximum 50 
 Carrying on in breach of Act, 
 maximum 5 per day 
 Not registering establishment, 
 maximum 2 per day 
 
 PfM l.ibrurl,-* Art 1898 
 OnMMMfltaJ Grounds Act 1881 
 
 \'iti(,,iiil l'l<"ixniT Itcxartx AH 
 1914 
 
 A///.-* mid Hewn en Act 1895 
 
 J'uMir Libraries Act 1867 
 Public /if creation Grounds Act 
 1888, 1889, 1910 
 
 Minister has control of parks, 
 *c., under the Sutioixil 
 Pleasure Resorts Art 
 Council has control of other parks 
 Council may make by-laws, with 
 penalties not exceeding 10, 
 may charge fees, and let part 
 of grounds for not exceeding 
 21 years 
 
 Parks and reserves vested in the 
 Crown are controlled by Board 
 appointed by Governor, which 
 may make by-laws 
 J/?//t<Vi>/Ji.y. Council may im- 
 prove park lands, reserves, &c. 
 District. Governor may place 
 reserves, parks, and recreation 
 grounds under control of Coun- 
 cil, except those managed by- 
 Board of Parks and Reserves 
 
 Grounds not under control of 
 Council managed by seven 
 Trustees ; three appointed by 
 Governor, one retiring an- 
 nually, and four by electors, 
 two retiring annually 
 
 
 
 Council, with consent of Rate- 
 payers, may establish free 
 libraries, borrow, declare rate, 
 make rules, CYC. 
 Council may lease parks in blocks 
 not exceeding 10 acres tor sport 
 for 21 years after resolution by 
 Ratepayers 
 Council may grant licences to 
 depasture on public parks, and 
 in District to cut timber, 
 quarry. Ac. 
 
 Municipality. Council may pro- 
 vide museums and libraries, and 
 improve same and recreation 
 grounds out of ordinary revenue 
 District. Council may maintain 
 agricultural halls. libraries, and 
 reading-rooms vested therein 
 
 Council, by special resolution, 
 may purchase or rent land 
 within 10 miles of chief Post 
 Office for pleasure grounds, 
 libraries, Xrc., and may apply 
 part of rates for public libraries 
 I'ublic Recreation Grounds Act. 
 Council may, with consent of 
 Governor, lease portion not 
 exceeding one-third of parks 
 for 21 years for recreation pur- 
 
 pOtM 
 
 Public Libraries Act. Council 
 may apply part of rates towards 
 formation and maintenance of 
 public libraries 
 
 ///////, Art 1898, 1909, 1916 
 Food and Drutj* AH, 1908 
 
 lli'iillh Art 1011, 1912, 191 T. 
 
 Hrnllh AH 1903 
 Food and Druys Act 1910 
 
 Every Council is a local Hoard 
 <>f Health for its District, and 
 must appoint an officer of 
 health, and administer the 
 Act 
 Local Boards may unite to form 
 County District 
 No consumptive or infectious 
 hospital to he established 
 without notice to Council. 
 which may petition Governor 
 
 Each Municipal District is a 
 Health District. Governor mav 
 constitute a Road Board, a 
 Health Board, or appoint a 
 Local Board of Health 
 Dixtrict. Council may subsidize 
 nurs'ng systems and hospitals 
 
 Governor may declare any Coun- 
 cil to be Local Authority under 
 
 ih'nin, Act 
 
 1'ndcr Food and Drutj* AH 
 Council mav. and, if required 
 by Chief Health Officer, must 
 appoint inspector of food and 
 drugs 
 
 Health Act 1898, 1909, 1916 
 (.!</,'///./.' .svwrrx A^ 187S relates 
 to City of Adelaide and suburbs 
 only) 
 
 Health Act 1911, 1912, 1915 
 iMnd Dramaiff Act 1900, 1902 
 (Metropolitan Water Supply, Sewer- 
 age, and Drainage Art 1909 
 applies only to 'Districts of 
 Perth, Fremantle, Claremont, 
 and Guildford) 
 
 Irrigation and Drainage Act 1868 
 
298 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 .NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 49. Sewerage and 
 Drainage continued. 
 
 (ii) Sewerage 
 
 Council may acquire powers 
 for construction and main- 
 tenance of drains and sewers 
 in Villages and Towns, also 
 for collection and disposal 
 of night-soil 
 Sewers may be constructed 
 under Public Works Act 
 1912 
 
 Public sewers and drains, ex- 
 cept those vested in Board 
 of Lands and Works or in 
 Melbourne and Metropoli- 
 tan Board of Works, vested 
 in Council 
 Council may construct sewers, 
 and take land compulsorily 
 therefor 
 Sewerage Districts and Au- 
 thorities may be appointed 
 by Governor 
 
 Sewers vested in Council 
 Council may construct sewerage 
 works, and may, and if 
 required by Health Com- 
 missioner must, undertake 
 or contract for removal of 
 rubbish, night-soil, <fec. 
 
 (iii) House Drainage 
 
 Council may acquire powers 
 for compulsory connexion 
 of buildings in Municipali- 
 ties, Towns, and Villages 
 with sewers of Council 
 
 Council may make, scour, &c., 
 drains and enter on lands, 
 giving compensation for 
 damage, may require owner 
 to drain house or construct 
 such at his expense, cost not 
 to exceed one year's rack 
 rent of house 
 
 
 
 (iv) Land Drainage 
 
 Drainage Union may be 
 formed, under Board ap- 
 pointed by members. 
 Members rated for payment 
 of expense 
 
 
 
 Drainage areas may be con- 
 stituted. Council to exer- 
 cise powers under Drainage 
 Areas Act, may borrow, 
 levy rate, make and scour 
 drains, and enter on lands, 
 giving compensation 
 
 Council, on petition, may carry 
 out scheme of Agricultural 
 Drainage, may borrow, and 
 may levy special rate 
 
 50. Theatres, dice. 
 
 (i) Acts relating to 
 Theatres, &c. 
 
 Theatres and Public Halls Act 
 1908 
 
 Theatres Act 1915 
 
 
 (ii) Theatres 
 
 Colonial Secretary may licence 
 theatres 
 Council may license theatres 
 and charge fees for licence, 
 except those under Theatres 
 and Public Halls Act. All 
 theatres to be provided 
 with ample means of egress 
 and ingress, and disin- 
 fected weekly when in use 
 Licence-fees, 1 to 15 per 
 annum 
 
 Theatres to be licensed by 
 Chief Secretary. If used 
 on Sunday without permit, 
 Chief Secretary has power 
 to suspend or cancel 
 licence. Chief Secretary 
 may prohibit any per- 
 formance 
 
 Council may make by-law* 
 regarding situation and con- 
 struction of theatres, licen- 
 sing, inspecting, and regu- 
 lating management of same 
 Theatres to have ample means 
 of ingress and egress to 
 satisfaction of Council 
 
 (iii) Dancing Saloons 
 
 Council may acquire powers 
 to regulate and control 
 dancing saloons 
 
 Council may register dancing 
 saloon on application of 
 twenty householders resi- 
 dent in immediate neigh- 
 bourhood 
 
 Council may make by-laws 
 regulating, licensing, arid 
 inspecting dancing halls, 
 <tc. 
 
 (iv) Penalties 
 
 Breach of regulations, maxi- 
 mum 20. Holding enter- 
 tainment, &c., in un- 
 licensed place, maximum 
 50 per day. Letting un- 
 licensed building, maximum 
 50. Holding entertain- 
 ment or meeting on Sunday, 
 Christmas Day, or Good 
 Friday, maximum 100. 
 Overcrowding, maximum 
 10 
 
 Opening or receiving payment 
 for unregistered dancing 
 saloon, minimum 5, maxi- 
 mum 20 or three months' 
 imprisonment with or with- 
 OH hard labour. Per- 
 forming in or letting un- 
 licensed premises, maxi- 
 mum 50 
 
 Using theatre without sufficient 
 means of ingress and egress. 
 maximum 50 
 
 51. Tramways. 
 
 (i) Acts relating to 
 Tramways 
 
 
 
 Tramways Act 1915 
 
 Tramways Act 1882, 1890 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 299 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Council may construct, maintain, 
 and keep sewers cleansed 
 
 Sewers under control of Councils 
 or Local Boards of Health. 
 Council may construct works, 
 <$ r c., for disposal of sewage, or 
 make contract up to 25 years. 
 Council to keep sewers clean 
 
 Where sewer serves to carry 
 sewage, as well as street drain- 
 age, Council may contribute 
 part of cost of construction and 
 maintenance 
 
 
 
 Owner may be required to connect 
 house? with sewers if within 
 300 feet of curtilage of house 
 New houses to be connected, and 
 to be built with drains 
 
 Owners of property to connect 
 with sewers at their own exr 
 pense 
 
 Drainage Boards formed under 
 previous Acts merged in Dis- 
 trict Councils, except the 
 South-Eastern Management 
 Drainage Board 
 
 Land Drainage Act. Governor 
 may declare Drainage District 
 on petition of majority of Rate- 
 payers within area. Govern- 
 ment may construct. Board of 
 six members elected by Kate- 
 payers maintains drains. Trea- 
 sury may expend up to 30,000. 
 Board may levy rates and bor- 
 row from Treasury, repaying at 
 4 per cent, interest and 2 per 
 cent, sinking fund. 
 District. Governor may appoint 
 Council a Drainage Board 
 
 Irrigation and Drainage Act. 
 Any person or Council may 
 apply for leave from owner of 
 other land to make drains ; if 
 consent not given, matter 
 decided by two -Justices in 
 Petty Sessions. Compensation 
 determined under Land 
 Clauses Act 
 
 Place>s of Public Entertainment 
 Act 1913 
 
 Health Act 1911. 1912, 1915 
 
 Places of Public Entertainment 
 Act 1917 
 
 Theatres, &c., to be licensed by 
 Minister. Fees, from 2 to 10 
 per annum, according to ac- 
 commodation ; if property of 
 Council or Institute, fees re- 
 duced to one-fifth 
 
 Governor may make regulations 
 Notice of intention to build to be 
 given to Health Commissioner 
 To be or/en to inspection by any 
 Officer of Health or Council 
 
 Council may license 
 Governor may make regulations 
 Minister may, and Council must, 
 appoint Inspectors. Approval 
 of Chief Health Officer required 
 before building. 
 Licence-fee, maximum 4 
 
 Same as theatres, &c. 
 
 Municipality. Dancing saloon 
 may be registered on applica- 
 tion from twenty householders 
 resident in immediate neigh- 
 bourhood 
 
 Council may make by-laws, 
 licensing, regulating, and in- 
 specting dancing saloons 
 
 Holding entertainment on un- 
 licensed premises or on Sunday, 
 maximum 100 per day. Let- 
 ting unlicensed premises, maxi- 
 mum 50. Overcrowding, 
 maximum 50 
 
 Municipality. Keeping, &c., un- 
 registered dan.-ing ?aloon, mini- 
 mum 5, maximum 20 or three 
 months' imprisonment 
 Opening without approval of 
 Board, maximum 100 and 10 
 per day. Overcrowding, maxi- 
 mum, 100 
 
 Opening theatre without ap- 
 proval of Chief Health Officer, 
 maximum 100 and 10 per 
 day. Public entertainment in 
 xmlicensed places, maximum 
 100 per day. Allowing same, 
 maximum 50. Overcrowding, 
 maximum 50. Selling tickets 
 after warning from Inspector, 
 maximum 10. Obstructing 
 gangway, minimum 5, maxi- 
 mum 20 
 
 General Tramways Act 1884. 
 (This Act applies to every 
 tramway undertaking autho- 
 rized by a Special Act, except 
 the Municipal Tramways 
 Trust Act 1906.) 
 
 Tramways Act 1885, 1903, 1904 
 
 Local Government (Tramways) 
 Act 1907, 1911 
 
300 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 5 1 . Tramways contd . 
 (ii) Petition for Tram- 
 way 
 
 
 
 Ratepayers holding one-third 
 of votes may petition Conn- 
 oil . Petition to be published 
 in Gazette, and three times in 
 newspaper. Ratepayers 
 with twenty votes may 
 within one month demand 
 poll. Consent of Governor 
 required 
 
 (iii)' Construction of 
 Tramway 
 
 
 Council to obtain Order to 
 construct tramways, which 
 are deemed " permanent 
 works." Council may dele- 
 gate powers under such 
 Order, but must obtain 
 consent of Ratepayers, 
 if demanded 
 
 Council may compulsorily 
 acquire tramways after four- 
 teen years or 25 years where 
 mechanical power is used 
 Council may construct tram- 
 way under Tramicai/x Art 
 Council may enter land after 
 fourteen days' notice, com- 
 pensating owner 
 Company must o'fer to sell 
 tramway to Council before 
 selling elsewhere 
 
 (iv) Loans for Tram- 
 way 
 
 
 
 Shires may borrow at 4 per 
 cent, for 30 years from 
 Country Tramways Trust 
 Fund. No sum to exceed 
 2,000 per mile 
 
 Either by debentures or from 
 Treasurer. In latter rase, 
 limit 5,000 per mile, re- 
 payment of principal and 
 interest accumulates for 
 three years, payable there- 
 after half-yearly 
 
 (v) Tramway Rates 
 
 
 (Store. Council may levy 
 Tramway rate, on petition 
 from one-third of Rate- 
 payers affected 
 
 Council to have rateable land 
 in area valued, including 
 betterment. Fresh valua- 
 tion to be made every live 
 years 
 
 (vi) Miscellaneous Pro- 
 visions 
 
 
 Council, with consent of 
 Governor, may authorize 
 private tramway, but not 
 for carriage of goods or 
 passengers for hire 
 
 Gauge, 3 ft. 6 in., or as Go- 
 vernor prescribes. Kails. 
 iron or steel, not less than 
 10 Ibs. to yard. Maximum 
 speed. 20 miles per hour. 
 Junction with railway at 
 Government expense. Ma- 
 terials for tramway to be 
 carried at half rates on 
 Government railways 
 Council may, with consent of 
 Governor, authorize persons 
 to construct and work light 
 tramways for agricultural 
 purposes 
 
 52. Vehicles. 
 (i) Acts relating to 
 Vehicles 
 
 Stage Carriages Act 1899, 1903 
 
 Carriages A"t 1915 
 
 Traffic Act 1905, 1910, 1916 
 
 (ii) Powers of Councils 
 
 Council may acquire power 
 to regulate and license 
 public vehicles. >'/"?."' 
 Carriages Act not to apply 
 in such cases 
 
 Hackney Carriages and Muni- 
 cipal Stage Carriages regu- 
 lated by by-laws made by 
 Council. Stage Carriages 
 regulated by Can-i'ti/cx -l<'t 
 
 Council may make by-laws in 
 Districts "not under Traffic 
 Act 
 
 (iii) Licensing Vehicles 
 
 Vehicles and drivers to be 
 licensed by Council, which 
 fixes fees. Driver must not 
 be under sixteen years of 
 age. Vehicles, harness, and 
 animals to be inspected 
 annually. Council may fix 
 fares 
 
 Hackney carriages licensed 
 by Council ; maximum 
 fees Melbourne and Gee- 
 long, 3 : other Councils, 
 1 per annum. Municipal 
 stage carriages licensed by 
 Council, maximum fee 2 
 per annum. Stage carriages 
 licensed by two or more 
 J.'sP., fee 5s. per annum 
 
 Council or Commissioner of 
 Police may make by-laws 
 regarding licensing of ve- 
 hicles for hire in Districts 
 not under Traffic Act 
 Maximum fees Omnibus, f! 
 cal), fl 10s. ; van. dray, or 
 waggon, 10s. per annum 
 Maximum lee for driver, "is 
 per annum 
 
 (iv) Lighting Vehicles 
 
 Vehicles to carry lights on 
 each side from sunset to 
 sunrise 
 
 
 Council or Commissioner of 
 Police may make by-laws 
 requiring vehicles to carry 
 liirlited lamps at night 
 Vehicles to carry lights from 
 sunset to sunrise 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 301 
 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 \v K STERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 
 
 Fifty owners of rateable land 
 may petition Council to take 
 poll for survey, two-thirds 
 majority of votes neces^u-y. 
 Owners of one-third votes may 
 require Council to apply to 
 Governor for a loan. Owners 
 of 50 votes may demand poll, 
 two-thirds majority necessary 
 
 
 Council or other persons may 
 obtain Provisional Order for 
 Tramway. Special meeting of 
 Council, after one month's 
 notice, to be held ; two-thirds 
 of Councillors to be present. 
 Consent of Parliament to be 
 obtained. Council may lease 
 for 21 years, and subsequently 
 for periods of nineteen years 
 
 Council or Joint Council to 
 construct and control tram- 
 ways 
 Bonds Act. Council may, with 
 consent of Governor, authorize 
 tramway along or across any 
 road 
 
 
 Municipality. Council may 
 borrow for the construction or 
 / purchase of tramways 
 
 Loan from Government not to 
 exceed 3,000 per mile ; no 
 interest charged for first three 
 years 
 
 ' ' 
 
 Council may compound for rates 
 with promoters 
 
 Tramway rate to be sufficient 
 for interest and sinking fund, 
 to be levied on capita! values 
 
 Government may purchase tram- 
 ways after fourteen years or 
 any period of seven years 
 thereafter, price to be fixed by 
 arbitration 
 
 Gauge as per specification, other- 
 wise 3 ft. 6 in. Speed subject to 
 Special Act. Council may make 
 by-laws and may license drivers 
 fee not to exceed Is. Pro- 
 moters of tramway to main- 
 tain road within 18 inches of 
 rails 
 District. Council may. with con- 
 sent of Minister, construct or 
 authorize tramway and permit 
 use from year to year 
 
 Connexion with railway at ex- 
 pense of Council. Maximum 
 speed on road, in Town 9 
 miles, not in town 12 miles ; 
 at road crossing, 5 and 4 miles ; 
 on other parts, 20 miles per 
 hour. Tramway materials 
 carried at half rates on Govern- 
 ment railways 
 
 Licensed Conveyances Act 1853, 
 1854 
 
 LiiiM* o \'rhirltK Art 1872, 
 1876, 1903 
 Width of Tires Act 1867, 1868 
 
 Cart and Carriage Licensing Act 
 1876 
 Width oj Tires Act 1895 
 
 Police Act 1905 
 Width of Tires Act 1913 
 
 Council mav make bv-laws under 
 Width of Tires Act 
 Council may fix stands for 
 licensed vehicles, and mav 
 make by-laws for regulating 
 and licensing vehicles for hire, 
 Ac. 
 
 Council may make by-laws and 
 mav examine axle-arms and 
 tires under Width of Tires Act. 
 Council authorized to grant 
 licences, and examine carts and 
 carriages 
 M uniriinilitii. Council may fix 
 stands for licensed vehicles 
 
 Council's officers authorized to 
 measure wheels under Width 
 
 of Tiffs A'-t. 
 
 Council mav fix stands for 
 licensed vehicles 
 Vehicles plying for hire to be 
 licensed l>y police. Speed not 
 to exceed 9 miles per hour. 
 Licence-, for six months 
 with one horse, 10s. : with two 
 . horses, 15s. ; with three or 
 more hor<c<. <*.\ 
 
 \ll carts and carriages to be 
 licensed. Vehicles for hire or 
 for passengers to have name of 
 owner, number of licence, and 
 number of persons marked on 
 them. Li (i cnce-fees two 
 wheels, 10s. ; four wheels, 1 
 per annum 
 
 Coaches, omnibuses, and cabs 
 plying for hire to be licensed 
 by Town Clerk or Clerk of 
 Petty Sessions ; annual lees 
 coach, 1 ; omnibus, 1 10s. ; 
 cab, not exceeding 10, as 
 fixed by Council. Driver's 
 licence, 5s. Carts plying for 
 hire within Town to be 
 licensed ; fee, not exceeding 
 1 
 
 Vehicles to carry lights from 
 half-hour aft-f>r sunset to 
 half-hour before sunrise within 
 City of Adelaide and 50 mile- 
 radius thereof, and within anv 
 corporate Town or proclaimed 
 Township 
 
 Vehicles to carry lights from 
 
 -tiiiM't to sunrise 
 
 All vehicles to carry lighted 
 lamps from half hour after 
 sunset to half hour before 
 sunrise 
 
302 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 52. Vehicles continued, 
 (v) Width of Tires 
 
 i 
 
 Applicable after proclama- 
 tion. Two-wheeled ve- 
 hicle 4 cwt., four-wheeled 
 4i cwt. for each half-inch 
 width of tire, including 
 weight of vehicle. Weight 
 of vehicle to be painted on 
 
 Council may make by-laws 
 regarding the width of tires 
 of wheels of vehicles used 
 in the area 
 
 (vi) Penalties 
 
 Not to exceed 5 for breach 
 of Ordinance 
 
 Excess weight, maximum 40s. 
 per cwt. Refusal to allow 
 weighing, maximum 10. 
 Unauthorized person mea- 
 suring wheels, maximum 
 10. Neglecting to have 
 weight painted on, maxi- 
 mum 2 
 
 Placing distinguishing mimber 
 on unlicensed vehicle, allow- 
 ing other than servant of 
 owner to drive, or being 
 unlawfully in possession of 
 licence, maximum 20. 
 Allowing person without 
 knowledge of English to 
 work on tramway or omni- 
 bus belonging to Council, 
 1 per day for each person 
 
 53. Water Supply. 
 (i) Acts relating to 
 Water Supply 
 
 Metropolitan Water and 
 Sewerage Act 1880 (applies 
 to Sydney and Suburbs 
 only) 
 "Hunter River Water Supply 
 and Sewerage Act (applies 
 to Newcastle and District) 
 Country Towns Water Supply 
 and Sewerage Act 1890 
 
 Water Act 1915 
 
 Water Authorities Act 1891 
 Metropolitan Water Supply and 
 Sewerage Act 1909, 1915 
 (applies to Brisbane and 
 Suburbs only) 
 
 (ii) Water Boards and 
 Areas 
 
 Works constructed by Govern- 
 ment and when completed 
 handed over to Council 
 Council to manage works, 
 levy rate, &c. 
 
 Council applies to Minister 
 who appoints Waterworks 
 Trust to construct and 
 maintain waterworks. Dis- 
 tricts to be defined. Com- 
 missioners of Trust elected 
 by Council and ratepayers. 
 Trust may levy rates and 
 charges 
 Governor may constitute a 
 Council a local governing 
 body to construct and 
 maintain waterworks 
 
 Governor constitutes W^ater 
 Areas and appoints Boards, 
 with power to construct and 
 control waterworks, and 
 make and levy water rate, 
 or may sell water by measure 
 Water Authority may borrow 
 money from Treasury 
 
 (iii) Powers of Councils 
 
 Council may acquire powers 
 to provide water for Vil- 
 lages and Towns not sup- 
 plied by Metropolitan 
 Board of Water Supply 
 and Sewerage with or with- 
 out reticulation 
 
 Council may construct, man- 
 age, and control water- 
 works with consent of 
 Governor, and make water 
 rate 
 All waterworks for gratuitous 
 supply of water to be main- 
 tained by Council. Council 
 may make and maintain 
 dams, tanks, and reservoirs. 
 Council may contract for 
 water supply for period not 
 exceeding ten years 
 
 If water area is co-extensive 
 with the area under the 
 control of a Council, the 
 Council is constituted the 
 Water Authority 
 
 54. Wharves and Jetties. 
 (i) Acts relating to 
 Wharves and 
 Jetties 
 
 Wharfage and Tonnage Rates 
 Act 1902 
 
 
 
 
 (ii) Powers of Councils 
 
 Council to have control and 
 management of wharves, 
 &c., which are vested in 
 them under section 3 of the 
 Wharfage and Tonnage 
 Rates Act 
 Council may exercise powers 
 for the construction and 
 maintenance of wharves, 
 &c. 
 
 Wheie wharves, &c., vested in 
 Council, it may levy tolls, 
 &c. 
 
 Council may let wharves and 
 jetties for ten years, or, 
 with consent of Governor, 
 up to 21 years, 
 Council may let frontage of 
 road abutting on river for 
 period not exceeding 21 
 years 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 303 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRAI.I \. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Limit, 1) c\vt. for each inch of 
 width of HIV. Name of owner 
 and weight of vehicle to be 
 painted on vehicles, except 
 private passenger vehicles 
 
 No waggon, cart. AT., to be built, 
 imported, or driven, unless when 
 the diameter of the axle arm is 
 2 inches, the width of tire is 
 :> inches ; or axle 2J inches, 
 tire 3 inches ; axle 2 inches, 
 tire 4 inches : axle 2-f inches, 
 tire. 4 inches ; axle 3 inches, 
 tire 5 Inches. Diameter of axle 
 arms to be painted on vehicle 
 
 Limit, 3J cwt. for each inch of 
 tire. Governor may reduce 
 weight or declare weight by 
 measurement 
 
 Carrying greater number than 
 licensed, minimum 2, maxi- 
 mum 10 or maximum two 
 months' imprisonment. Ply- 
 ing for hire without licence, 
 maximum 5 or 30 days' im- 
 prisonment. Driving at ex- 
 cessive speed, maximum 10 
 or one month. Excess weight, 
 Is. per cwt. Not having name 
 and weight painted, minimum 
 5s., maximum 5, per day. 
 Refusal to allow weighing, 
 m illinium 2, maximum 10 
 Vehicle not carrying lights, 
 maximum 2 
 
 Failing to take out licence, maxi- 
 mum 10. Using vehicle for 
 hire with name, Ac., painted 
 and without licence, maximum 
 10 in addition. Not having 
 name, &c., painted on vehicle 
 for hire or cart, maximum 2. 
 Not having diameter of axle 
 painted on vehicle, minimum 
 5s., maximum 5. Carrying 
 excess weight, maximum 5. 
 Using tires not of prescribed 
 width, maximum 5 
 
 Excess weight, maximum 2 per 
 cwt. Refusal to allow weigh- 
 ing or unauthorized person 
 weighing, maximum 10. Un- 
 lighted vehicles, maximum 2. 
 Keeping or using unlicensed 
 vehicle, maximum 20. Not 
 having name. &c., painted on 
 vehicle, maximum 5 
 
 Waterworks Act 1882, 1888 
 
 Metropolitan Water Supply, Sewer- 
 age, and Drainage Act 1909 
 (applies only to districts of 
 Perth, Fremantle, Claremont, 
 and Guildford) i 
 Water Boards Act 1904 
 Water Supply, Sewerage, and 
 Drainage Act 1912, 1913 
 
 Various local Acts 
 
 Water Districts are proclaimed 
 and placed under the control 
 of the Commissioner of Water- 
 works 
 Rates may be struck 
 
 Water Boards Act. Governor 
 constitutes Water Districts and 
 appoints Boards, constituted by 
 election or appointment, which 
 may construct and control 
 waterworks, make rates, &c. 
 Water Supply, Sewerage, and 
 Drainage Act. Government De- 
 partment created* to have charge 
 of constructing works until 
 vested in Board 
 
 On petition of Council, Water 
 District may be constituted 
 under control of Council or 
 joint Council 
 
 Commissioner may, with consent 
 of Governor, lease waterworks 
 to any Council except those 
 within the Water District of 
 Adelaide 
 
 Municipality. Council may re- 
 serve water-courses, and con- 
 struct dams, reservoirs, Arc., but 
 not at cost of more than 500 
 without consent of Governor : 
 may contract with owner of 
 waterworks for three years, or 
 longer with approval of rate- 
 payers, and with same approval 
 may purchase waterworks 
 District. Council may construct 
 and maintain tanks, wells, dams 
 and reservoirs, and may bore 
 for water 
 
 Council may borrow, levy special 
 loan or water district rate, fix 
 charges and maximum supply ; 
 may, with sanction of Gover- 
 nor, contract for supply of 
 surplus water for one year, 
 and may agree with owner of 
 land for supply of water for 
 fourteen years 
 
 Harbours Act 1913 
 
 Jetties Regulation Act 1878, 1912 
 
 Mmiiic Boards Act 1889 
 
 Council may build and let landing 
 places, boathouses, &c. 
 Council may lease ends of streets 
 for wharves for not exceeding 
 21 years 
 
 Municipality. Council may make 
 maintain, &c., wharves and 
 jetties ; may lease ends of streets 
 for wharves for period not ex- 
 ceeding 30 years 
 District. Governor may place 
 public jetties under control of 
 Council. Council may con- 
 struct and maintain jetties 
 
 Council may construct and main- 
 tain wharves, jetties, and em- 
 bankments, and make by-laws 
 regulating same 
 
304 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 XK\V ^OUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 54. Wharre* and Jetties 
 
 
 
 
 continued . 
 
 
 
 
 (Hi) Construction. <vc. 
 
 Public wharves and jetties 
 
 Council may make, improve; 
 
 Council charged with con- 
 
 
 are deemed to be public 
 
 and maintain levees or 
 
 struction and maintenance 
 
 
 works under the Public 
 
 jetties 
 
 of all wharves and jetties 
 
 
 H'o/7-.s- Ad 1912 and may 
 be constructed by Govern- 
 
 
 unless ex cept"d by proclama- 
 tion of Governor 
 
 
 ment 
 
 
 
 55. Workers' Dwellings. 
 (i) Acts relating 'to 
 Workers' Dwel- 
 
 Hominy Aft 1912 
 
 
 Queensland Government Sari in/* 
 Bank Act 1916 
 
 lings 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 (ii) Administration 
 
 Board of three members ap- 
 
 Council 
 
 Commissioner of the Queens- 
 
 
 pointed by Governor 
 
 
 land Government Savings 
 
 
 
 
 Bank 
 
 <iii) Provisions of Acts 
 
 Land may be resumed under 
 Public W*orks Act sub- 
 divided, and built on. 
 Board may lease for seven 
 
 Council may purchase ,or take 
 compulsorily land suitable 
 for erection of dwelling 
 houses and lease to persons 
 
 Funds obtained by issue of 
 debentures 
 Board may advance up -to 15s. 
 in 1 or 350 for erection of 
 
 
 years or sell with area not 
 
 in receipt of less than 200 
 
 house to owner of land not 
 
 
 exceeding ] acre. Only 
 
 per annum who are not 
 
 possessing a dwelling house 
 
 
 males over eighteen, and 
 
 owners of dwelling houses 
 
 and whose income is not 
 
 
 unmarried females over 21, 
 
 in Victoria. Council may 
 
 more than 200, interest 5 
 
 
 who are not owners of land 
 
 borrow up to 50,000 for 
 
 per cent. Security, mortgage 
 
 
 having a building thereon, 
 
 the purpose 
 
 on house and land. Repay- 
 
 
 are eligible to lease or pur- 
 
 
 ment at rate of 13s. 3d. 
 
 
 chase 
 
 
 monthly for each 100 ad- 
 
 
 
 
 vanced 
 
 56. Miscellaneous Powers 
 
 
 
 
 of Councils. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Council may acquire adminis- 
 tration of public watering 
 places, and may lease same 
 
 Council may establish hospi- 
 tals, asylums, and other 
 institutions for the relief of 
 
 Council may bury destitute 
 persons, erect statues, 
 clocks, &c., promote Bills in 
 
 
 for ten years, renewable for 
 five years 
 
 the poor, and may contri- 
 bute to the maintenance of 
 
 Parliament, arrange for tele- 
 phone lines, subscribe not 
 
 
 
 public, agricultural, techni- 
 
 more than 10 to association, 
 
 
 
 cal, district high and 
 
 distribute plants and seeds, 
 
 
 
 higher elementary schools, 
 
 establish omnibus services, 
 
 
 
 and workingmen's colleges, 
 
 may maintain or aid hospi- 
 
 
 
 may provide baths, wash- 
 
 tals and technical schools 
 
 
 
 houses, and sheep dips 
 
 When Area controlled by a 
 
 
 
 Weights and Measures Act 
 
 Council is declared a District 
 
 
 
 1915. Council may apply 
 
 under Weir/ Ms and Measure* 
 
 
 
 for standard weights and 
 
 Aft, Council may, and, when 
 
 
 
 measures and appoint in- 
 
 required by Minister, shall 
 
 
 
 spector 
 
 appoint an inspector 
 Under Jiailless Traction Act 
 
 
 
 
 1914 Council has power to 
 
 
 
 
 purchase undertaking after 
 
 
 
 
 25 years 
 
 57. Joint Authorities. 
 (i) Constitution 
 
 Councils to unite for the 
 purpose of maintaining 
 boundary roads, &c. 
 
 Councils bound to unite in 
 making or repairing roads, 
 bridges, etc., on common 
 boundary 
 
 Constituted by Governor after 
 report by inspector, notices 
 in Gazette and three times 
 within one month in news- 
 
 
 
 
 paper, and poll, if demanded 
 
 
 
 
 by ratepaying owners with 
 
 
 
 
 twenty votes, three-fifths of 
 
 
 
 
 owners voting necessary for 
 
 
 
 
 rejection. Members a it- 
 
 
 
 
 pointed by Council for two 
 
 
 
 
 years. Meetings in March, 
 
 
 
 
 two or one-third of members 
 
 
 
 
 to be a quorum 
 
 (ii) Powers and Duties 
 
 
 
 Construction, iVc., of boundary 
 
 of Joint Authori- 
 
 
 
 roads and bridges, main 
 
 ties 
 
 
 
 roads, ferries, sewerage, 
 
 
 
 
 drainage, tramways, destruc- 
 
 
 
 
 tion of noxious weeds and 
 
 
 
 
 pests, omnibus services and 
 
 
 
 
 pounds, regulation of traffic, 
 
 
 
 
 licensing porters, Ac., and 
 
 
 
 
 making by-laws 
 
CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 GOVERNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 30f> 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Wharves, jetties. ,v,-.. within tho 
 limits of ,-i harbour may be. 
 ;ic jiiired by Governor, and 
 those previously vested in a 
 Council are vested in the 
 Harbour Board 
 
 Governor may make r(v- r ulation> 
 Concerning jetties, wharves, <Sc., 
 vested in him 
 
 Control, management and main- 
 tenance of all jetties \estrd in 
 Council on requisition to 
 .Minister, except those vested 
 in Marine Hoards, whose con- 
 sent must be obtained 
 Council may prescribe wharfage 
 rates 
 
 Adr,tnrr* for Homes Act 1910, 
 1911, 1912, 1916 
 
 Worker*' Homes Act 1911, 1912, 
 1914 
 
 
 Board of Trustees of the State 
 Bank of South Australia 
 
 Board of three civil servants, 
 appointed by Governor to apply 
 moneys appropriated by Parlia- 
 ment. Board to acquire land 
 and houses, and erect houses, 
 cost of latter not to exceed 550 
 
 
 Treasurer sets apart fund not 
 exceeding 300,000 in any one 
 yoar from loan money 
 Person desiring advance must 
 not be in receipt of over 300 
 per annum, maximum advance 
 600. Loan for from 20 to 42 
 years according to materials of 
 building, interest 5 per cent. 
 
 Applicant must be a worker, and 
 not owner of a house in Western 
 Australia. Land let on a per- 
 petual lease at 3 per cent. Cost 
 of house, with 5 per cent, in- 
 terest, to be paid by instalments 
 over 30 years, in addition to 
 rent. Board may advance 
 money for homes on first mort- 
 gage, but not to exceed 550 
 
 
 
 Guns and Firearms Ac{, 1876. 
 Council to issue licences ior 
 guns to persons over fourteen 
 years of age for sport, fee 2s. 6d. 
 pe/ annum ' 
 Lodging House Act 1877. Coun- 
 cil to register lodging houses 
 when district proclaimed under 
 Act 
 Meters and Gas Act 1881. Coun- 
 cil of Municipality may appoint 
 inspectors of meters 
 Weights and Measures Act 1885. 
 Council to appoint Inspectors, 
 and provide proper means for 
 verifying weights and measures 
 Municipality. Council may 
 license hide and skin marts, 
 bazaars, sand and gravel, 
 establish fountains, baths, and 
 washhouses 
 District. Council may subscribe 
 to public hospitals or charitable 
 institutions, or provide salary 
 or subsidy for medical prac- 
 titioner 
 
 
 Weights and Measures Act 1916. 
 When a Municipality is a 
 District for the purposes of the 
 Act, Council may, and, when 
 required by Minister, must ap- 
 point an inspector of weights 
 and measures 
 
 Associated District Council Road 
 Board. Four or more Councils 
 abutting upon continuous por- 
 tion of main road each nomi- 
 nate one member annually. 
 Governor proclaims Board for 
 three years, but may continue 
 same for further periods 
 
 Councils bound to unite in making 
 or repairing roads, bridges, itc., 
 on common boundary 
 
 Constituted by proclamation of 
 Governor 
 Governor may require two or 
 more Councils to act together 
 tor prevention of epidemic 
 disease, destruction of pests, 
 eradication of noxious weeds 
 or other matters 
 
 All main roads in the Districts 
 are vested in the Associated 
 Board 
 
 
 Waterworks, sewerage, rabbit- 
 proof fencing, and other work 
 of permanent character 
 One Council may contract with 
 another by special resolution 
 for construction of works for 
 joint use or benefit, contri- 
 buting to expenses of same, 
 and employment of officers 
 
 C.7099. 11 
 
306 
 
 CONSPECTUS OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CONSPECTUS OF ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 PARTICULARS. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 57. Joint Authorities 
 coatinurd. 
 (iii) Expenses of Joint 
 Authorities 
 
 
 
 
 
 Expenses defrayed out of a 
 common fund contributed by 
 Councils, limited to a rate of 
 2d. in the 1 
 
 58. Municipal 
 Associations. 
 
 Municipal Association of New 
 South Wales. Established 
 1883. Objects : Watching 
 over and protecting rights 
 and privileges of Munici- 
 palities, taking action re- 
 garding subjects affecting 
 Municipal bodies or legis- 
 lation. Annual subscrip 
 tion, 3 3s. per Council 
 
 Municipal Association Act 
 1917. Incorporated the 
 Municipal Association of 
 Victoria with power to 
 establish a Municipal 
 Officers' Fidelity Guarantee 
 Fund 
 
 Local Authorities Association. 
 Objects, establishment of 
 Officers' Fidelity Guarantee 
 Fund, Workers' Compensa- 
 tion Fund, itc. 
 Councils pay premiums, and if 
 insufficient, contribute pro 
 rata 
 
 59. Legal I'roceedi)i(/x. 
 (i) Courts of Jurisdic- 
 tion 
 
 Two Justices in Petty Sessions 
 
 Court of Petty Sessions 
 
 Two Justices or Police Magis- 
 trate, appeals allowed to 
 District Court 
 
 (ii) Authority to prose- 
 cute 
 
 The Mayor, President, or any 
 person authorized by the 
 Council may prosecute 
 
 Clerk or any officer appointed 
 by Chairman may prose- 
 cute. Summons to be signed 
 by two Councillors or Clerk 
 
 Clerk or any person authorized 
 by Chairman may prosecute 
 
 (iii) Service of Notices 
 
 Notices served personally or 
 by post. If absent, to 
 agent or occupier or inmate 
 over sixteen years of age, 
 or posted in a conspicuous 
 place 
 
 Notices served on owner or 
 occupier or on adult inmate. 
 If owner unknown, served 
 on occupier, or if no occu- 
 pier or occupier unknown, 
 posted upon building 
 Notice of injury to be given 
 in Borough within ten days, 
 and Shire 21 days 
 One month's notice of action 
 to be given 
 
 Notices served by delivering, 
 leaving at abode, forwarding 
 by post, delivering to some 
 person on premises, or affix- 
 ing to premises. If unknown, 
 publishing in Gazette and 
 three times in newspapers. 
 If owner absent, serving on 
 agent ; if unknown, ad- 
 vertising once in Gazette and 
 newspaper 
 
 (iv) Period within which 
 actions must be 
 commenced 
 
 Within six months 
 
 Claim for compensation within 
 two years 
 
 Actions for damages. Notice 
 to be given within one month 
 and action commenced with- 
 in six months or in case of 
 death twelve months. Other 
 actions, one month's notice 
 
 (v) Limit of Damages 
 
 
 
 Death or permanent disability, 
 1,000 ; temporary dis- 
 ability, 500 
 Council may limit amount of 
 liability as to injuries, &c., 
 to persons using bridges and 
 ferries 
 
 60. Evidence. 
 
 Ordinance or Regulation. 
 Gazette 
 Street or Footpath. Proof 
 that it is a thoroughfare 
 Proceedings of Council. 
 Signature of Chairman 
 thereto 
 
 Ordinances, &c. Gazette or 
 copy of by-laws, &c. 
 Levy of Rates. Rate Book 
 Proceedings of Council. 
 Minutes signed by Chair- 
 man 
 
 Name of Council. No proof 
 needed 
 Appointment of officers. 
 Presumed 
 By-laws. Gazette 
 Voters. Voters' Roll 
 Rates. Rate Book 
 Proceedings of Council. Re- 
 cords and documents signed 
 by Chairman 
 
CONSPECTUS OK ACTS. 
 <;<>VKRNMENT NOW IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA continued. 
 
 307 
 
 SOUTH ArsTKAi.iA. 
 
 \VI.;<TKRN AUSTKAMA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Hoard entrusted with expenditure 
 of moneys voted by Parlia- 
 ment for construction and 
 maintenance of main roads 
 
 
 
 Expenses contributed by Councils 
 in proportion to their rateable, 
 value 
 
 
 
 Mmiiciinil Association Act 1916. 
 Association represented by 
 one member from each Council. 
 Objects, insurance against fire 
 and on lives of employees, 
 workers' compensation, and 
 security guarantee. Contri- 
 bution, one-tenth of Id. in 1 
 on rateable value, or more if 
 assets not sufficient to meet 
 liabilities 
 
 Municipality. Two or more 
 Justices, who may state case 
 for Supreme Court 
 District. Special Magistrate or 
 two Justices. Appeal to Local 
 Court at Adelaide, which may 
 state case for Supreme Court 
 
 Two Justices of Peace in Petty 
 
 Sessions 
 
 Justices of the Peace or Police 
 Magistrate 
 Appeals to Supreme Court 
 
 Clerk, Treasurer, or officer of 
 Council appointed by Chair- 
 man 
 
 Town Clerk or other officer ap- 
 pointed by Chairman 
 
 Clerk or any officer or Councillor 
 authorized generally 
 
 Notices served by post or other- 
 wise, or posted up on land if 
 owner unknown 
 
 Municipality. Served on owner 
 or occupier, or left with adult 
 inmate. If owner not known, 
 served on occupier, and if 
 occupier not known, posted up 
 on land 
 District. Notices delivered, left at 
 usual place of abode, or for- 
 warded by post. If unknown, 
 posted up, and advertised three 
 times in Gazette and newspaper 
 
 Notices served by delivering, 
 leaving at last place of abode, 
 posting by registered mail, 
 delivery to some person on 
 premises, or posting up on 
 conspicuous spot . If unknown , 
 by advertising three times in 
 two newspapers 
 
 Municipality. To try title three 
 months, to try validity of 
 action two months, others six 
 months 
 District. Six months 
 
 Municipality. Actions against 
 Council to be commenced within 
 six months, and notice given at 
 least one month before com- 
 mencement of action 
 Notice of accident to be given 
 within 21 days, of action within 
 one month 
 
 Actions for negligence. Notice 
 to be given within three 
 months, and action to be 
 commenced within six months, 
 or twelve months in case of 
 death 
 
 
 
 
 Preliminaries, elections, and reso- 
 lutions. Gazette 
 Proceedings. Minute Book 
 Assessment. Assessment Book, 
 and Gazette containing notice 
 By-laws. Certified copies 
 
 Municipality. By-laws, Gazette or 
 certified copy 
 Documents. Signature of Chair- 
 man, Clerk, or Surveyor 
 Rates. Rate Book 
 Proceedings. Minutes signed by 
 Chairman 
 Preliminaries, appointments, Ac., 
 no proof needed 
 District. Documents requiring 
 authentication by Board, to be 
 signed by Chairman or Secretary 
 
 By-laws or resolutions. Gazette 
 or copy of by-laws 
 Rates. Rate Book 
 Proceedings. Certified copy of 
 Minute Book 
 
 SECTION VII. 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL ACTS 
 RELATING TO LOCAL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 1. General. The following table shews for each State the dates at which the various 
 Acts and Consolidated Acts relating to Local Government have been passed. Amending 
 Acts are not included. 
 C.7099. 12 
 
308 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL ACTS RELATING TO 
 
 YEAR. 
 
 NEW Sourn WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 i 
 
 QrKKNSLAXD. 
 
 1833 
 
 Improvement of Roads 
 
 
 
 . 1834 
 
 Buildinji 
 
 
 
 1835 
 
 
 
 .. 
 
 1837 
 
 Sydney Building 
 
 
 
 1838 
 
 
 
 
 
 1839 
 
 
 
 
 1840 
 
 Parish Roads 
 
 
 
 1841 
 
 
 
 
 1842 
 
 District Councils 
 Incorporation of the City of 
 Sydney 
 
 Incorporation of the City of 
 Melbourne 
 
 
 1844 
 
 
 
 
 1846 
 
 
 
 
 1847 
 
 
 
 
 1848 
 
 Sydney Suburban Roads 
 
 .. 
 
 
 1849 
 
 
 Incorporation of the Town of 
 Geelong 
 
 
 1850 
 
 Sydney Corporation 
 
 
 
 1851 
 
 
 
 
 1852 
 
 
 
 
 1853 
 
 
 Roads 
 
 
 1854 
 
 
 Municipal Institutions 
 
 
 1855 
 
 
 
 
 1857 
 
 
 
 
 
 1858 
 
 Municipalities 
 
 
 
 1860 
 
 
 
 
 1861 
 
 
 
 
 1862 
 
 
 
 
 
 1863 
 
 
 Local Government 
 
 Brisbane Waterworks 
 
 1864 
 
 
 
 Municipal Institutions 
 Provincial Councils 
 
 1865 
 
 Drainage Promotion 
 
 Public Works Statute 
 
 
 1867 
 
 Municipalities 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Shires Statute 
 Boroughs Statute 
 
 
TABLE OK A(T>. 
 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN AUSTRALIA (EXCLUDING AMENDING ACTS). 
 
 309 
 
 >i in AISI-KU.I \. 
 
 IT.KX AUSTRALIA. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pure W r ater for Hobart Town 
 
 .. 
 
 .. 
 
 
 
 .Mau-igement of Roads and 
 Streets 
 
 Police 
 
 
 Towns Improvement 
 
 
 
 Municipal Corporations 
 
 
 Roads 
 
 Great Eastern Road 
 
 Towns Improvement 
 Roads and Streets 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ratepayers in Towns 
 Alignment of Strn-ts 
 
 
 
 
 Hobart Town Commissioners 
 
 
 Roads 
 
 Hobart to Launceston Main Road 
 Cross and Bye Roads 
 
 .. 
 
 
 Hobart Town Water 
 
 Main Roads 
 Municipal Corporations 
 
 
 
 
 Towns Improvement 
 
 
 
 Building 
 
 Cross and Bye Roads 
 
 Main Roads 
 District Councils 
 
 
 
 Hobart Town and Launceston 
 Municipal Councils 
 Launceston Water Supply 
 
 
 
 Launceston Building 
 
 
 
 
 Launceston Building 
 Hobart Town Rivulet Improvement 
 
 Water Supply and Drainage for 
 Adelai.tr ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hobart Town and Launceston 
 Police 
 Hobart Town and Launceston 
 Powers 
 Hobart Town Corporation. 
 Hobart Town Improvement 
 Property Valuation 
 Marine Boards 
 
 District Councils 
 Adelaide Waterworks 
 
 City of Perth Improvement 
 
 Rural Municipalities 
 Hobart Town Building 
 Launceston Corporation 
 Launceston Improvement 
 Rates Collection and Recovery 
 Hobart Town Water 
 
 
 
 
 Cross and Bye Roads 
 Hobart Town Water 
 
 Municipal Corporations 
 
 
 
 Fire Brigades 
 
 
 ... 
 
 
 
 Rates Relief 
 Waste Lands 
 
 
 
 
 Roads 
 
 
 Rural Municipalities 
 Police 
 
 Fire Brigades 
 
 
 Rural Police Rate 
 I/x-,.1 Public Works 
 
 
 
 Launceston Paving 
 
3lO CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 YEAR. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VlCTOKfA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 1870 
 
 
 
 
 
 1871 
 
 
 
 
 1872 
 
 
 
 
 1874 
 
 
 Local Government 
 
 .. 
 
 1875 
 
 
 
 Rockhamptou Wate r works 
 
 1876 
 
 
 Melbourne Harbour Trust 
 
 Fire Brigades 
 
 1877 
 
 
 
 
 JK 
 
 
 .. 
 
 Local Government 
 
 1879 
 
 Sydney Corporation 
 
 .. 
 
 Divisional Boards 
 
 1880 
 
 Metropolitan Water and 
 Sewerage 
 Country Towns Water Supply 
 and Sewerage 
 
 
 
 1881 
 
 
 Victorian Water Conservation 
 
 Fire Brigades 
 
 1882 
 
 
 
 Tramways Act 
 
 1883 
 
 
 Water Conservation 
 
 
 
 1884 
 
 Fire Brigades 
 
 
 
 1885 
 
 
 
 
 1886 
 
 
 Irrigation 
 Waterworks Construction 
 Encouragement 
 
 
 1887 
 
 , 
 
 Water Conservation 
 
 Divisional Boards 
 
 1888 
 
 
 
 
 1889 
 
 Wollongong Harbour Trust 
 
 ' 
 
 Brisbane Water Supply 
 
 1890 
 
 Wentworth Irrigation 
 
 Local Government . 
 Melbourne and Metropolitan 
 Board of Works 
 Water 
 Fire Brigades 
 
 
 1891 
 
 
 
 Water Authorities 
 Irrigation 
 
 1892 
 
 Hunter River Water Supply 
 and Sewerage 
 Hay Irrigation 
 
 
 Harbour Boards 
 
 1893 
 
 Balranald Irrigation 
 
 .. 
 
 
 1894 
 
 
 
 
 1895 
 
 
 Mallee Tanks 
 Mildura Irrigation Trusts 
 
 
 1896 
 
 
 
 Electric Light and Power 
 
 1897 
 
 Municipalities 
 
 
 
 1898 
 
 
 
 
( 'lli;o.\()l.()(ilCAL T.M'.LK OK ACTS. 
 
 (JOVKKNMKNT IN AUSTRALIA (INCLUDING AMENDING ACTS) contfwterf. 
 
 SMITH A:--:-i;\i.r. 
 
 \V, <n-:uN A i VI-KAUA. 
 
 TASM 
 
 
 
 
 Cross and Bye Roads 
 Waste Lands 
 
 
 Municipal Institutions 
 District Roads 
 
 Rabbits Destruction 
 Roads Loans 
 
 
 
 Local Public Works 
 
 .Main Roads 
 
 
 Launceston Noxious Trades 
 
 South- Eastern Drainage 
 
 
 
 l)i>trict Councils 
 
 Miinicipal Institutions 
 
 
 
 
 Rabbits Destruction 
 
 South-Eastern Drainage 
 
 
 Launceston Water 
 
 
 
 
 
 .Municipal Corporations 
 
 
 
 
 
 Main Roads 
 
 Building 
 
 
 Branch Roads Construction 
 Roads Maintenance 
 Local Bodies Loans 
 
 Places of Public Amusement 
 
 
 Rabbits Destruction 
 
 Fire Brigades 
 
 
 Fire Brigades 
 
 Roads 
 
 Building 
 
 Roads 
 Town Boards 
 Rural Voting 
 
 
 
 Public Health 
 
 Water Conservation 
 
 Public Health 
 
 Hobart Building 
 Hobart Municipal Council Powers 
 
 District Councils 
 
 
 Codlin Moth 
 Rabbits Destruction 
 Sanitary Rate 
 
 
 Roads 
 
 Codlin Moth 
 Rabbits Destruction 
 Public Recreation Grounds 
 
 
 
 Waterworks 
 
 Rabbits Destruction 
 Public Health 
 Appropriation in Aid of Road 
 Rates 
 Marine Boards 
 
 Municipal Corporations 
 District Councils and Corpora- 
 tions Subsidy 
 Fire Brigades 
 
 
 
 Local Public Works Loans 
 
 Gas and Electric Lighting 
 
 
 Town Boards 
 Metropolitan Drainage 
 
 
 
 
 
 lien mark Irrigation Trusts 
 Land Values Assessment 
 
 
 Hobart Corporation 
 Hobart Water 
 
 
 
 Launceston Corporation 
 Launceston Building 
 
 
 Municipal Institutions 
 
 Launceston Water and Light 
 
 
 Metropolitan Waterworks 
 Coolgardie Goldflelds Water 
 Supply Loan 
 
 Town Boards 
 Hobart Light 
 
 
 
 
 Free Libra rirs 
 
 Health 
 Goldflelds Water Supply Con- 
 struction 
 Fire Brigades 
 
 Assessment 
 Aid to Road Hairs 
 Metropolitan J >raina<_ r r 
 
312 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF ACTS. 
 
 2. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE PRINIPCAL ACTS RELATING TO LOCAL 
 
 YEAH. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 1899 
 
 
 Water Supply Advances Relic 
 
 
 1900 
 
 
 
 Water 
 
 
 1901 
 
 Drainage Promotion 
 
 
 
 1902 
 
 Sydney Corporation 
 Water and Drainage 
 
 
 Local Authorities 
 
 1903 
 
 
 
 
 1904 
 
 
 
 
 1905 
 
 Local Government (Shires) 
 
 Water 
 Geelong Harbor Trust 
 
 Charters Towers Water Board 
 
 1906 
 
 Local Government Extension 
 Local Government 
 
 
 
 1907 
 
 
 Geelong Municipal Water- 
 works 
 
 
 1908 
 
 
 
 
 
 1909 
 
 Fire Brigades 
 
 * * 
 
 Metropolitan Water and 
 Sewerage 
 
 1910 
 
 
 
 
 Rights in Water and Water 
 Conservation and Utiliza- 
 tion 
 
 1911 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 Water 
 
 Country Roads 
 
 
 1913 
 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 Local Government (Shire 
 Loans) 
 
 Rating on Unimproved Values 
 Workers' Dwellings 
 
 
 1915 
 
 
 Local Government 
 Water 
 Fire Brigades 
 
 
 1916 
 
 
 Municipal Rates Recovery 
 
 
 1917 
 
 
 
 
 1918 
 
 
 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLK OF ACTS. 313 
 
 (J()\ KRNMENT IN AUSTRALIA (EXCLUDING AMENDING ACTS) continued. 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 WESTERN ATSTKALIA. 
 
 T \SMAXIA. 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 South- Eastern J)r;iinage 
 
 Municipal Institutions 
 Land Drainage 
 
 Assessment 
 Fire Brigades 
 
 
 
 Leven Harbor Trust 
 
 
 
 Roads 
 Goldfields Water Supply 
 Fremantle Harbor Trust 
 
 
 
 
 Public Health 
 
 Tramways Electric Traction 
 Fire Brigades 
 
 Metropolitan Water and 
 Sewerage 
 Water Boards 
 
 
 
 
 Health Rate 
 Police 
 
 Municipal Tramways Trust 
 Reclaimed Swamp Lands Trusts 
 
 Municipal Corporations 
 
 Local Government 
 Launceston Tramwav 
 Aid to Road Rates 
 
 
 
 
 
 Metropolitan Abattoirs 
 Irrigation and Reclaimed Lands 
 
 
 Launceston Tramway 
 Aid to Road Rates 
 
 
 Metropolitan Water Supply 
 Sewerage and Drainage 
 Bunbury Harbor Trust 
 District Fire Brigades 
 
 Smithton Harbour Trust 
 
 
 
 
 
 Abattoirs 
 
 Perth Municipal Gas and Elec- 
 tric Lighting 
 Roads 
 Health 
 
 Annual Values Assessments 
 
 
 Water Supply, Sewerage, and 
 Drainage 
 
 Hobart Corporation Tramwav 
 Hobart Sewerage 
 
 Fire Brigades 
 Roads Supervision and Works 
 
 Electric Light and Power 
 Agreement 
 
 North Eastern Harbour Trust 
 
 District Councils 
 Irrigation and Reclaimed Lands 
 
 
 
 
 
 Aid to Road Rates 
 
 
 Fire Brigades 
 
 Municipal Association 
 
 
 
 Drainage Promotion 
 
 
 . 
 
 Main Roads Maintenance 
 Hobart Building 
 
 By Authority: ALBERT J. MULLETT, Government Printer, Melbourne. 
 

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