U^, I 
 
 I I 
 
 L^-J 
 
HOURLY 
 
 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 MADE AT THE 
 
 MADRAS OBSERVATORY 
 
 \\ 
 
 From January 1856 to February 1861 
 
 PRINTED BY ORDER OF 
 
 THE MADRAS GOVERNMENT 
 
 PRINTED AT THE lAVKENCE ASYIUM PRESS, MOUNT ROAD, BT G. W, 1ATLOB 
 
 1893 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 THE present volume contains the results of the hourly meteorological observations made at the 
 Madras Observatory from January 1856 to February 1861. The delay in publishing these observations 
 has been so great that I had at first some hesitation as to whether it was worth while printing them now, 
 but on farther consideration I came to the conclusion that they ought to be printed to complete the 
 20-years series, of which three volumes had already appeared, as it is on the results of these twenty years 
 of hourly observations that all the modern observations have been reduced. At the same time the care 
 and accuracy with which the observations were made seems to me to render them a valuable record in 
 themselves. 
 
 The press copy of the manuscript was prepared and compared with the observations some thirty years 
 ago, and had it not been for certain unforseen difficulties this volume would have been published soon 
 after that for 1851-55. My work in connection with it has consisted simply in correcting the proof-sheets 
 and checking the means throughout. This has been done chiefly by the assistants S. Solomon, L. 
 Thunsing, B. V. Kunga Kao, and P. N. Varadachari, but I have personally gone over one proof of the 
 whole and have checked a number of the means. 
 
 The arrangement of the volume and the method of deducing the means is the same as in the pre- 
 ceding volumes of the series, for it was believed that more was to be gained by uniformity than by introduc- 
 ing more modern methods even though the latter might in themselves be distinct improvements. The 
 least satisfactory parts are the wind a^ 1 evaporation tables. The latter I believe to be utterly useless, 
 but they have been included because similar tables were given in the other volumes. The instrument for 
 measuring the wind pressure seems to have been practically useless except in very strong winds, but as it 
 was destroyed in a storm many years ago there is no means of testing its action. The mean wind direc- 
 tions have been obtained by a simple arithmetical process as in former volumes. This gives fairly correct 
 results so long as the wind directions do not differ much inter se, if due care ib taken to increase or 
 decrease the total of the column by a proper multiple of 32 when the directions lie near and on both sides 
 of north. But with directions from many points of the compass this method gives an entirely unmeaning 
 result, and the true mean can. only be found trigonometrically. To have calculated all the means In this 
 volume trigonometrically would have involved an expenditure of time which was quite out of the question, 
 and so the old method was retained except in extreme cases. For these I have (for the last three years) 
 adopted a mechanical device which was long ago suggested, 1 believe, by the late Mr. Pogson but which, 
 so far as I know, was never carried into practice. 
 
 The method is extremely simple, and the instrument as made for me by Mr. G. K. Winter gives excel- 
 lent results. It consists simply of a brass disc 10 inches in diameter mounted on an axle and very care- 
 fully balanced. Round the edge of the disc are 32 pins, parallel to the axle, at equal intervals-, corres- 
 ponding to the 32 points of the compass, and marked accordingly. A scale of degrees with corres- 
 ponding to N is also provided and this can be read through a slit in one of the supports, so arranged that 
 it is vertically below the centre of support of the disc. A number of small weights are provided which, 
 for convenience, are of two sizes those of one size weighing exactly double those of the other size. These 
 
iv. INTRODUCTION 
 
 weights are circular discs and each' is pierced with a hole through the centre by which it can be put on to 
 one of the pins. If, then, weights are put on the pins corresponding to the wind directions during any 
 period, it is evident that a line from the centre of the disc through the centre of gravity of the weights 
 will be the mean direction required, and as the centre of gravity will be vertically below the centre of 
 support the reading of the scale seen through the slit will give this direction. Actual experience has 
 shown that it is easy by this means to get the true mean direction within about 1. This method, of 
 course, takes no account of the varying force of the wind, but it is evident that if weights be used which 
 are proportional to the strength of the wind the true resultant direction can be obtained. 
 
 As there is no one now on the Observatory staff who had to do with these old observations I reprint 
 here some parts of the preface to the last volume which, so far as I can judge from the somewhat scanty 
 records, are equally applicable to this volume. It was written by the late Mr. N. R. Pogson who took 
 charge of the Observatory while the observations were still in progress and was therefore well able to 
 judge of the quality of the work. 
 
 " The instruments employed were for the most part the same as throughout the former ten years of published hourly observa- 
 tions. 
 
 " The Barometer, still in use, was Newman's Standard No. 42. The diameter of its tube is 0'514 inch ; its thickness 0'125 
 inch, and the diameter of the cistern 264 inches: hence, when used with a fixed zero, the proper capacity correction is -f-gih* 
 It has always been used with a fixed zero or neutral point 29'900 inches and the capacity correction applied, instead of adjusting 
 the end of the ivory cone to the surface of the mercury in the cistein. Agreeably to comparisons made in 1840, before the 
 despatch of the instrument to Madras, it then read 0'005 inch higher than the Flint Glass Standard of the Royal Society, or O012 
 inch, higher than the Crown Glass Standard. The reduced atmospheric pressures have however never been corrected for this 
 difference, and considering the long time the instrument has been in use it does not now appear desirable to trust this correction 
 or to make any change in the results, until the arrival of a new standard, confirming or improving upon the old comparisons. 
 
 " The Dry Bulb Thermometer employed was by J. Newman ; a fair instrument of its kind, but reading much too high, and 
 erroneously called a standard ; a distinction no thermometer is entitled to unless capable of direct verification at the two natural 
 zero points of freezing and boiling water. It was sent out in a mahogany case with a glass front, and appears to have been 
 recorded thus encased up during the earlier years ; and when the glass was removed, a small brass plate was substituted over the 
 bulb end to protect it from injury. This was finally removed on 1853 February 18th. Such unnecessary and very objectionable 
 coverings must of course have considerably diminished the apparent daily range, though the mean temperature would be almost 
 identical. Its limited scale reached only to 109 Fahrenheit, beyond which it must have burst but for the assiduous care of the 
 native observers in charge, who saved it from destruction by the application of a wet cloth during the hot afternoons of May and 
 June whenever the temperature rose above 105. Higher temperatures were always read off the maximum thermometer and thus 
 qnly was the standard preserved from year to year in safety. The situation of the thermometer stand was also highly objection- 
 able, being in a tiled brick verandah, subject to undue protection from either extreme, and therefore giving much too small a 
 diurnal range ; though, the mean daily temperature was found to differ very slightly from that shewn by the more freely exposed 
 standard thermometer since introduced. 
 
 ****** 
 
 " The Humidity of the Air and Tension of the Atmospheric Vapour were calculated by means of convenient manuscript tables, 
 based upon those published by Lieut. Col. Boileau, Director of the Honorable East India Company's Magnetic Observatory at 
 Simla, the earlier octavo edition. The Tension numbers were Biot's and will therefore differ slightly from similar deductions 
 based upon Regnanlt's more recent values. 
 
 " The Direction and Force of the Wind were registered by Osier's Anemometer, but for many reasons the mean daily and 
 monthly values must be received with much caution. 
 
 ****** 
 
 " The Force Tables are of little value, except for pointing out stormy days about the changing times of the monsoons. 
 
 " The Rainfall returns are unquestionably reliable, but those for Evaporation are quite worthless ; the Evaporator consisting of 
 a copper .dish, containing less than an inch and a half water, freely exposed to the sun, which of course heated the Evaporator 
 during the day most unfairly ; besides which it was too frequently used as a drinking trough by cows, and sometimes even by 
 cattle, for want of better protection. 
 
 " The Radiation Thermometers were not used during the year 1851, nor until October in 1852. The Sun Maximum was an 
 ordinary thermometer, with its bulb rough blacked, and hung much, too close to a teak-wood stand ; thereby rendering it incom- 
 parable with subsequent registers of the very superior rough black bulbs in vacuo or the freely exposed bright black bulbs since 
 employed. s 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 v. 
 
 " The maximum and minimum results are probably good enough inter se, but owing to the unfavourable position cf the 
 thermometers, which, as before mentioned, were unduly shielded from each extreme of temperature, the daily ran^e must have 
 been considerably underrated. 
 
 " The general plan of reduction, though identical with that of similar hourly series of observations elsewhere published, is very 
 different to what I should have adopted. The total omission of the readings of the barometer and thermometers on Sundays 
 when three observations were always made, and daily means might so well have been deduced by the help of the hourly 
 variations upon other days ; and the adoption of Gottingen instead of Madras mean time, thereby causing nine hours of each 
 Saturday to be mixed up with fifteen hours of the following Monday as the mean of one day, are especially objectionable. In 
 such publications, however, uniformity is everything, and hence neither I nor my predecessors have presumed to introduce 
 any changes upon the course pursued by Col. S. O. E. Ludlow, the first Magnetical Director ; nor do I intend to in the concluding 
 fourth volume now in hand, except in the Direction of the Wind, of which, for reasons beforenamed fresh means throughout are 
 really necessary. 
 
 " In conclusion, I have much pleasure in testifying to the general care, honesty and accuracy of the native staff employed on 
 this duty. The principal meteorological and magnetical assistant, R. Ramanjooloo Naidoo, was intelligent, dexterous, and 
 methodical in the extreme ; and the whole twenty-years series may be received with great reliance, thanks to his personal diligence, 
 and the ever watchful control he maintained over his subordinates. For accurate registration of the instruments, scrupulous 
 arithmetic and press revision when figures only were concerned, I do not think a better staff of assistants could have been desired 
 than the natives attached to the Magnetical Department of the Madras Observatory." 
 
 It will be noted that for the five years now published the thermometer readings have all been cor- 
 rected to the Kew Observatory standard, and in the final tables the monthly means have been similarly 
 corrected for former years. I have not attempted in this volume to take up the question of the effect 
 on the daily range of temperature of the unsatisfactory nature of the shelter employed. Materials for 
 the discussion of this exist in a series of simultaneous readings of the thermometers in the verandah (the 
 old exposure) and in the shed now used at all Indian observatories. This point will be considered when 
 discussing the whole of the temperature observations. A matter of some interest on which, unfortunately, 
 the records throw no light, is the exact meaning which the observers attached to the term " sheet lightn- 
 ing." It is now pretty generally admitted that two different phenomena are included under what is 
 popularly described as sheet lightning the reflection of distant discharges and a special form of discharge. 
 The exact nature of this special form of discharge seems to be not generally recognised and this is not a 
 suitable place for discussing it. I would simply state that, in most cases at least, it consists of a discharge 
 sometimes in the form of a short flash and frequently in the form of the " brush discharge " between 
 two masses of cloud which are near each other. The most magnificent displays of this kind of lightning 
 are sometimes seen in Madras, during which discharges may take place at the rate of considerably more 
 than 100 per minute. It would be interesting to know whether those who made the observations recorded 
 in this volume confined the term sheet lightning to this form of display or whether they also included the 
 reflection of distant lightning. So far as I can judge very little care was taken in the records of lightning, 
 and the terms " Ig " and " sh-lg " were used somewhat indiscriminately. 
 
 The observations for January and February 1861 have been given as these were required to complete 
 the 20-years series, the observations in 1841 not having been begun till March. 
 
 C. MICHIB SMITH. 
 
 MADE AS OBSERVATORY, "j 
 
 12th April, 1893. j 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 FOR THE YEAR 1856. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Barometric Pressure ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 
 
 Dry Thermometer ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 8 
 
 Wet Thermometer ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 14 
 
 Humidity of the Air and Tension of the Atmospheric Vapour ... ... ... ... ... ... 20 
 
 Direction and Force of the Wind ... ... . ... ... ... ... ... ... 32 
 
 Depth of Rain and Evaporation in Inches ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 44 
 
 Remarks on the Weather and maximum and minimum Thermometers ... ... ... ... ... 46- 
 
 FOR THE YEAR 1857. 
 
 Barometric Pressure ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 60 
 
 Dry Thermometer ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 66- 
 
 Wet Thermometer ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 72 
 
 Humidity of the Air and Tension of the Atmospheric Vapour ... ... ... ... ... ... 78 
 
 Direction and Force of the Wind ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 90 
 
 Depth of Rain and Evaporation in Inches ... ... ... ... 102 
 
 Remarks on the Weather and maximum and minimum Thermometers ... ... ... ... 104 
 
 FOR THE YEAR 1858. 
 
 Barometric Pressure ... ... ... ... -.. 118 
 
 Dry Thermometer ... ... ... ... ... ... 124 
 
 Wet Thermometer. .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... --- 130 
 
 Humidity of the Air and Tension of the Atmospheric Vapour ... ... ... 136 
 
 Direction and Force of the Wind ... ... ... ... ... ... 148 
 
 Depth of Rain and Evaporation in Inches ... ... ... ... 1 60- 
 
 Remarks on the Weather and maximum and minimum Thermometers ... ... ... 16i 
 
 FOR THE YEAR 1859. 
 
 Barometric Pressure ... ... ... ... 176 
 
 Dry Thermometer 
 
 Wet Thermometer ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 188 
 
 Humidity of the Air and Tension of the Atmospheric Vapour ... ... ... ... ... 194 
 
 Direction and Force of the Wind ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 206 
 
 Depth of Rain and Evaporation in Inches ... ... ... .. ... ... 216 
 
 Remarks on the Weather and maximum and minimum Thermometers ... ... 218 
 
 FOR THE YEAR 1860. 
 
 Barometric Pressure ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 232 
 
 Dry Thermometer ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 238 
 
 Wet Thermometer ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 244 
 
 Humidity of the Air and Tension of the Atmospheric Vapour ... ... ... ... .. 250 
 
 Direction and Force of the Wind ... .... ... .. ... ... ... .. 252 
 
 Depth of Rain and Evaporation in Inches ... .. ... ... ... ... ... 268 
 
 Remarks on the Weather and maximum and minimum Thermometers ... ... ... ... -70 
 
 FOR THE YEAR 1861 (January and February). 
 
 Barometric Pressure ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 284 
 
 Dry Thermometer ... ... ... ... 285 
 
viii. CONTENTS 
 
 Wet Thermometer ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 286 
 
 Humidity of the Air and Tensiou of the Atmospheric Vapour ... ... ... ... 287 
 
 Direction and Force of the Wind ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 289 
 
 Remarks on the Weather and maximum and minimum Thermometers ... ... ... ... ... 291 
 
 SUMMARY. , 
 
 Tables of Mean Hourly Variations from the Monthly Means for the Barometer and Dry and Wet Thermometers 294 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page 127 last line Hour 12 for 89'2 read 79'2 
 
 13 89-0 79-0 
 
 20 82-2 92'2 
 
 ' 21 82-9 92-9 
 
 22 82-3 92-3 
 
 23 81-4 91-4 
 
MADRAS 1856 
 
 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 
 Barometer at 32" = 29 English Inches + the Number in the Table 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ]6 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 *i']?' ^'J?' -m ' h ' m> h- " h - m - h>m - h - m - n - m - h - m - h - m - h - m - h - m - h - - h - m - n - m - n - m - h -m- t. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h m h m 
 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 .41 10.41 11.41 1Z.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.4l' 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 * * 
 0-991 0-998 1-018 T054 1'066 1'074 1'068 1'057 1'032 1'017 0'999 0'995 1'002 1'020 T051 1'082 1'104 1'103 T097 1-07" 1'037 1-009 0'994 0'997 
 
 1-006 1-020 '044 -065 -079 092 '079 '062 '044 '034 1-021 1-018 '025 -036 -057 "095 -116 -119 '108 -080 -054 -031 1-012 i-oi4 
 021 -032 -054 -076 -102 102 -102 -093 '079 -068 "054 -052 '061 '070 '084 -128 "151 -162 '142 -117 -083 -060 -046 -050 
 063 -067 -078 '095 -109 '120 -110 '098 '089 '064 "035 '030 '036 "048 -OC9 -108 -127 -123 '109 "088 '058 -035 -018 -016 
 022 -032 -047 -060 '079 '089 -083 '074 -053 
 
 1-039 
 055 
 083 
 075 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 065 -073 -075 '087 -102 '118 -153 -171 -177 '168 -146 '106 -076 -057 '045 
 048 -055 '067 -094 -106 -120 '113 -097 '092 '079 -063 '062 -072 -104 '126 -162 -178 '177 -156 -140 -115 -089 -067 -063 
 081 -088 '090 "109 '122 -130 -130 '114 -111 -107 '099 -097 '106 '127 -137 -163 -180 -176 -164 143 -115 -101 '094 -098 
 110 -121 -146 -166 '176 -184 -176 -167 -162 -146 127 '125 -133 '149 -176 -191 -210 '201 '187 -165 -134 '116 -094 -092 
 098 -117 146 -167 '173 -179 -176 -163 -148 '131 "110 -090 '081 110 128 143 154 153 139 119 '086 -064 -051 '045 
 063 -084 -091 108 119 117 115 '105 -093 '081 '065 '061 '068 '080 101 128 148 -148 135 105 -084 -058 -042 '038 
 043 -050 '060 -078 '091 -087 '077 '073 -076 
 
 090 
 102 
 120 
 152 
 124 
 093 
 
 S X 
 
 rH 14 
 
 [H 15 
 Pji 16 
 g 17 
 
 S 18 
 <J 19 
 ""* 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 
 067 '054 -057 '070 -082 106 124 144 -138 121 -095 '062 -042 -035 '038 
 038 -047 -059 -075 '099 112 -110 100 -089 '075 '058 '056 '064 -087 113 138 166 -166 157 115 "074 "050 -038 '035 
 046 -059 -086 110 -140 138 134 130 128 107 '082 -074 -077 -085 119 158 179 173 165 148 116 -096 '083 '081 
 089 109 136 162 171 185 180 164 159 '140 118 112 117 127 142 -176 199 -200 -179 153 116 -094 -073 -072 
 092 100 118 146 158 162 152 -139 125 113 '097 -088 '089 "093 118 141 -164 158 142 114 -084 '052 -035 -030 
 029 -042 -063 '093 103 109 112 102 -085 '078 '067 -068 '079 -093 111 131 148 146 133 -096 "063 '039 '018 'Oil 
 020 -043 -062 '093 110 114 117 109 107 _________ 
 098 '085 -084 -093 109 123 152 172 173 160 135 '099 '069 -057 -062 
 071 '089 106 121 129 121 107 '099 '083 '066 "045 "033 '032 -050 -074 -099 111 112 -096 '066 '033 '008 -000 '003 
 005 -013 -032 -046 '055 -056 '050 -036 '032 '015 -995 0-997 '009 -037 '049 -086 110 111 -096 -069 -035 '012 '006 '003 
 001 -015 -026 -034 -048 -053 '064 '059 '038 -028 rou 1-006 '008 '027 -055 -076 -096 -093 -083 "057 "025 -000 n-996 0-980 
 0-993 0-998 'Oil -039 -050 -047 "046 '036 -025 '025 '021 -024 -037 '049 -073 102 115 -111 -095 -063 -034 'Oil -997 -994 
 1-003 1-017 '042 -059 -073 '069 '064 '035 '016 -009 0-998 0-996 '004 -036 -048 -075 '095 -093 -080 -049 -018 -984 '970 '962 
 0-972 0-981 0-994 '009 '020 '026 -021 -018 '012 ________ 
 
 078 
 088 
 113 
 141 
 113 
 084 
 
 102 
 073 
 040 
 037 
 041 
 033 
 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0-985 955 950 o-955 0-971 0-987 '030 -062 '064 -047 '022 o-980 '949 -927 '920 
 934 -954 o-980 0-999 '003 o-995 0'982 0-963 '954 '942 -942 -953 -980 1-005 '023 -060 -065 -055 -029 1-002 '970 -938 -933 
 938 -951 -966 -989 1-014 '030 1-026 rois '993 -978 -959 -963 -977 -985 -002 -043 -068 -071 -063 -026 -982 '942 -919 -913 
 956 0-975 0-983 0-977 0-955 '932 '921 -906 -897 '899 '908 0-924 0-952 0-982 0-989 0-970 0-943 '912 -872 -847 -843 
 839 -851 -860 '882 -904 '926 -919 -901 -878 -870 '859 -863 '878 '893 -910 -933 -963 -971 -964 '942 -912 -881 -871 -860 
 
 0-994 
 983 
 992 
 931 
 
 897 
 
 Means 
 
 1-020 -031 -048 069 -084 -090 -085 '073 -061 '049 '033 '030 037 '054 -074 103 125 -125 112 -085 -053 -026 -Oil -007 
 
 (1-062 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 o 8 ^ n 8 x 6 o n 88 A n 9 ^ ' 945 ' 954 ' 958 ' 949 ' 939 ' 925 ' 912 ' 917 ' 935 ' 950 ' 969 ' 994 I' 030 rm !-0 2 7 1 006 0'986 0'964 0'933 0'929 
 9c(7 '943 -9oO '976 1-004 1-011 1-013 1'003 '984 - 
 
 0-948 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 yod y4 Vi>i> yo 995 i-ois 042 -047 -022 0-992 '945 -911 '878 -874 
 871 -886 -916 -941 -963 0-977 0-975 0-968 '951 -933 '915 '908 '913 -933 -962 o-993 '015 -013 -006 -973 "947 '910 '880 -867 
 872 -881 -&04 -931 -966 -982 -970 "963 -951 -939 '928 '919 '923 -945 -y72 1-009 -048 -059 -048 1-017 '982 -943 -924 -922 
 920 -925 -944 -966 '987 1-003 1-002 '996 -984 -972 '961 '950 -951 -976 -997 '026 '051 -057 -059 -033 rooo '966 -944 <<% 
 927 -922 -949 '971 -988 -002 -998 "986 -966 -952 '939 '938 '949 -958 -986 "016 -038 -050 -039 -009 0-983 '947 '926 -92" 
 
 SI So S IS S 0^95 -III S 22 " 95 ' 929 ' 917 ' 918 ' 943 " 968 - 05 ' 19 ' 28 ' 22 ' 994 " 965 >936 ' 915 
 
 972 
 942 
 958 
 984 
 973 
 964 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 o 11 
 
 >o , . 
 oo 12 
 
 13 
 
 fc 14 
 
 IK 
 
 <j 15 
 p 16 
 03 17 
 
 y&/ Jtl yz 9^ 9oO i-ooo 017 '046 -049 -037 1-012 '983 -950 '930 -923 
 936 -950 -975 -998 1-009 row i-oos '988 '979 '967 "955 943 '914 -958 -978 0-999 '016 -028 "013 -988 '956 -926 -899 -888 
 891 -898 -924 -950 -968 0-973 0-966 '961 -949 "933 -918 910 '914 '942 -969 1-001 '032 -040 -029 -999 '968 -937 -918 -909 
 912 -922 -943 -962 -987 -992 -994 -988 '980 -971 -962 -961 -972 -990 1-013 '041 -061 -079 '066 1-049 i-0'5 '992 -%7 -968 
 963 -978 -993 voie 1-031 ro40 1-040 1-034 1-012 '995 '979 -965 -963 -981 -012 -030 -051 -055 -032 -005 0-931 -949 '929 -92S 
 931 "948 -966 -990 '009 -023 '031 '033 "008 '992 '977 '69 '974 1-001 '018 '048 -077 -079 '066 -041 i-ooe -986 '964 -959 
 964 -973 -993 rou '033 -048 -046 '044 -030 ______ 
 
 971 
 971 
 954 
 992 
 998 
 1-004 
 
 To 
 
 W " 
 fc 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 
 1-012 994 991 i-ooi Oil -025 -054 -072 -073 '061 -043 "Oil -986 -973 -Q67 
 975 -989 1-010 -037 -056 -066 '057 '047 '038 '020 i- 00 3 "995 -000 '018 047 '068 -083 -096 "089 -074 '047 ^27 1-004 i-no 
 l-Oll 1-026 '044 -066 -083 -091 -092 '087 -062 -050 '039 i- 02 6 '026 -049 -076 -102 119 131 114 -087 -061 -036 -012 008 
 015 -025 -041 -058 '083 '087 '087 '074 -052 -039 -027 "021 -028 '052 -068 100 108 121 115 -097 '064 -038 'Oil -000 
 003 -009 -029 -056 -067 "088 '082 -070 -049 -028 '007 o-99l 0-988 '014 -031 -058 -074 -081-078 '055 '033 -994 o-9-r, o-of<> 
 0-966 0-977 0-990 'Oil "041 '056 '053 -039 -018 0-996 0-974 '966 -971 0-984 0-998 "024 -046 -061 '059 -038 'Oil -986 -964 -961 
 966 -979 -994 '018 -038 '047 -041 '034 '029 
 
 017 
 035 
 062 
 059 
 034 
 008 
 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 997 -965 -956 '959 '976 -991 -019 '047 -055 '044 -024 0-996 "963 -942 -937 
 946 -966 -998 -010 -032 '048 '041 '035 -006. -993 -980 -969 -970 '991 1-005 '013 '023 -044 -024 -998 '973 -939 -916 -903 
 
 )11 -929 0-951 0-971 0-985 0'984 0'976 0'960 '942 "925 '917 '921 '928 0-940 0-963 0-980 0'988 0'982 '953 '929 '895 '878 '865 
 
 859 -879 -891 -907 -934 -937 -941 -940 -929 -915 -901 -899 -909 '926 -954 -972 -988 -996 -983 -953 -927 -904 -885 -881 
 IS 'SSS Q7 ' 942 ' 96? ' 983 ' 986 >984 ' 966 ' 96 'am ' 953 ' 963 ' 973 '" 7 1>019 I? i 1-0*1 i'" I'ooo '974 -956 -952 
 
 95b '97^ -J87 1-010 1-034 1'043 T042 1'039 1'036 V013 '991 '992 T006 1'028 1'051 '078 101 107 100 '087 -053 1-032 1-015 1-009 
 
 001 
 0-993 
 941 
 925 
 974 
 1-033 
 
 Means 
 
 932 -943 -963 -986 -007 -018 -015 -008 993 -977 -961 '954 -959 '978 rooo -027 '048 '057 -046 -022 0-993 -964 -942 -935J 
 
 0989 
 
 
 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 
 Barometer at 32" = 29 English Inches + the Number in the Table 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 23.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 r 
 
 4 
 
 e 
 O 
 
 6 
 
 (7 
 / 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 1C 
 
 11 
 ]2 
 13 
 8 14 
 rt 15 
 W 16 
 
 17 
 
 M , 
 
 j 18 
 S 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 * * 
 
 1-055 
 038 
 023 
 0-9H8 
 978 
 963 
 
 899 
 899 
 888 
 865 
 899 
 926 
 
 922 
 943 
 897 
 814 
 805 
 843 
 
 840 
 797 
 796 
 831 
 864 
 869 
 
 873 
 919 
 
 1-042 1-032 1 029 1-039 1'047 l'OC9 I'lOl 1'120 1'llS 1'095 1'050 1'017 0'992 0'970 0'974 
 
 0-980 0994 '014 -039 -054 '069 -066 -052 '035 '018 '006 -007 -O'Jl -034 '056 -083 -096 -102 -095 '064 -034 1-009 '986 "983 
 H91 i-oos '029 -043 '064 -077 -067 -054 -029 :008 0-994 0993 '005 -019 '039 '055 -079 '083 -070 '034 0-992 0-957 '939 '928 
 937 o-943 0-964 0-992 '021 '018 'Oil '002 0-977 '065 -959 -957 o-9fi8 o : 980 '000 -026 '037 -049 '035 '009 -975 -943 '923 '915 
 927 -941 -970 "992 -004 -013 '009 -992 '981 0-964 '952 '944 -949 -971 0-989 '003 '029 "040 -025 '000 -969 947 -931 -923 
 929 -937 -954 -973 0-989 "004 -005 -985 '965 '951 '942 '939 -949 -960 '974 o-998 019 '029 "008 0-969 '941 -915 -896 '890 
 '893 '896 P 90fi '931 -Q^S H-QRK n-o-o -94,1 '900 - 
 
 876 -858 -850 '854 '881 '906 '931 0941 0-947 0929 '899 -878 '845 -824 '821 
 831 -844 -866 -890 '899 -920 -916 -915 "902 '891 '885 -882 '892 -907 '930 '955 '978 '975 '953 "919 -881 -862 '843 '838 
 843 -857 -881 -898 '927 -935 '932 -920 '900 "883 '872 '867 '874 '891 "913 '932 '945 '945 '918 '885 -859 '831 -810 -803 
 808 -816 '837 '859. '877 -884 -86 -875 '859 -842 "831 '829 "840 '859 '887 -912 "938 '946 '928 '898 '872 '853 '816 '803 
 814 -830 -856 -880 '894 -902 -896 -894 "899 -891 -889 '877 "877 '887 '918 '940 '966 '972 -968 '945 -921 '910 '883 "878 
 879 -884 -897 '913 '935 -963 '958 -950 -934 '918 -908 '903 '911 '924 -946 -977 -989 "987 '972 -947 -912 -884 "863 '857 
 '859 '873 -88Q -907 92 ! > '929 -909 -8Qfi -887 - 
 
 887 -893 -901 '922 '940 '973 -984 '992 i-ooo '982 -959 -939 -907 -884 '882 
 884 -893 -922 -943 -959 -969 -971 -951 '934 -917 -905 -909 '925 '948 '973 -990 1-022 -022 1'009 '975 -942 -917 -887 '875 
 870 -876 -896 "926 -941 -948 '939 -919 '898 '873 -862 -866 '882 '891 -913 '939 0-954 0-964 0-949 '910 -879 '841 -808 '794 
 790 -802 -818 '842 -851 "872 '865 '841 '821 '802 '789 -788 "799 -811 828 '849 '868 '870 -848 '813 -773 '750 -721 -713 
 708 -726-747 -776 -808 '820 -829 -819 '807 '795 -789 -787 -798 '818 '843 -858 '884 '884 '871 -830 -807 -791 763 -753 
 756 -761 -780 '816 -843 -861 -871 -861 '845 '828 '817 -817 '831 -854 -873 -895 '918 -921 -909 -884 -862 -828 -812 -796 
 807 -827 '848 "869 -887 '912 '916 -906 '883 
 _ _ -838 '799 -793 '800 '816 '840 -862 -888 -891 '877 -846 '801 -774 746 735 
 745 750 756 -782 -797 -813 "820 -812 794 776 763 761 772 793 '826 -853 '880 '884 -870 -839 -804 767 745 729 
 727 736 756 -778 -805 '811 '815 '810 794 -773 -757 754 764 779 -806 -843 '857 '878 '869 -845 -814-794 -776 -766 
 769 -785 -813 '837 '857 "870 '866 '844 "816 '801 -792 -793 '807 '827 '848 -878 '896 -891 -881 -856 -834 -809 -786 -778 
 787 -799 -835 -856 -878 '889 '885 '878 '864 '846 '833 -831 -842 '858 "890 -902 -931 -937 -920 -900 -873 -849 -827 "818 
 818 -840 -867 '885 -904 '907 "9)6 '893 -873 -854 -841 -839 '849 '866 -896 -918 "930 -920 -908 "880 -852 '822 -799 -782 
 789 -806 -833 '855 -876 "892 '899 -886 '864 
 _ _ -857 '855 -847 '852 -859 -887 -914 -930 -941 '938 -913 -893 -872 -854 -847 
 855 -864 -882 -914 -933 '956 -966 -945 -926 '907 -893 -887 -894 -899 -920 -947 "973 -974 -973 '957 -924 -902 -880 -878 
 
 Means '847 -858 880 -903 -922 '935 -933 '920 "902 '885 '874 -871 -881 '897 '921 -944 -964 968 -954 '924 -894 -868 -845 -837 j 0-901 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 <o 13 
 
 S 14 
 
 " 15 
 
 h3 If. 
 > < - 
 OH I' 
 PH 18 
 
 * 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 * * 
 
 SCO 0-878 0-900 0'934 0'939 0'967 0'966 0'947 0'922 0'907 0'898 0'896 0'905 0'915 0'928 0'959 0'973 0'977 0'969 0'950 0'916 0'886 0'867 0'841 
 
 833 -841 -873 -906 -943 -964 -982 -957 -924 "902 '886 -883 '891 '900 -916 '936 -953 -953 '941 -923 "887 '848 -822 '802 
 804 -825 -849 -884 -916 '941 -944 -924 -912 -887 -868 -868 -879 '884 -900 "926 -951 '947 -933 -908 -874 -842 -816 -800 
 793 -801 -831 -860 -884 -910 '923 -902 -887 '865 -848 -848 '860 -877 '894 '914 -937 '941 -931 -905 -870 -833 -822 -807 
 807 -81'} -840 -8fil -880 -881 -880 -SfV} -K^-i 
 
 0-921 
 903 
 887 
 873 
 
 842 
 770 
 737 
 759 
 808 
 835 
 
 805 
 767 
 792 
 839 
 
 872 
 878 
 
 809 
 774 
 789 
 804 
 790 
 792 
 
 824 
 862 
 847 
 811 
 
 _ _ -842 -835 -823 '822 '838 '860 '878 '895 -902 -881 -859 -814 -783 -755 -741 
 741 -756 -778 789 -807 -814 -807 798 -761 749 743 741 751 781 '800 '815 '827 '827 '803 781 -750 -710 -690 '671 
 671 -689 -714 -740 -756 '771 '777 -775 -762 '744 -731 722 724 -741 -759 '773 -789 -797 -775 '747 -717 '685 671 "669 
 665 -672 701 734 755 -774 -783 777 771 '758 -750 -752 765 776 791 -808 '832 '827 "815 -801 766 721 -708 702 
 713 726 -758 -794 -822 -841 "851 -841 -823 '809 -800 -797 -805 -819 -830 "853 -864 -855 '848 '834 -807 780 764 753 
 757 779 794 -823 -859 -881 '878 '859 -835 '814 -799 '796 -805 -819 '841 "872 -890 -900 '895 -878 -856 "826 799 "792 
 
 7ftO -78T -81^? -838 -Hfid. -Ban -88'? -87A -8V3 
 
 -808 -768 767 -777 -787 '815 "839 847 -846 -828 -802 -766 -728 -695 -688 
 681 -686 -727 -748 -768 '773 '787 -778 -770 '751 738 733 740 765 794 '824 '867 '867 -852 -826 782 739 715 700 
 701 715 744 782 -811 '839 -842 -827 -791 '766 -747 -752 -769 -793 -817 -846 -867 -863 "848 "828 '795 -772 -757 '739 
 735 759 786 -820 -843 '865 -879 -860 '839 '825 -816 -818 "831 -848 '876 '892 "916 '911 -891 -873 -843 -814 -797 791 
 791 -806 -83] -853 -890 -913 '906 -890 -870 "854 -844 -842 '852 -870 -894 '926 -941 '937 "928 -909 '870 -856 -834 -816 
 809 -826 -855 -891 -918 -925 -916 -899 -880 "809 -864 -855 -857 -874 -887 '920 -936 "936 -922 -906 '869 -838 -813 -795 
 
 7Q1 -GOQ *ftl A. 'QA.^ -Q'-i -Q7B Q7A -C^l -ft/11 
 
 _ _ -808 -780 -773 -778 '804 -822 "844 -856 -826 -820 -797 -784 752 716 '696 
 691 -710 741 755 772 -801 790 785 775 '766 762 770 '789 797 -815 -836 -829 '830 -828 '808 -774 -739 -712 -695 
 '702 -712 '732 -774 -791 -818 -812 -807 -791 785 -785 -782 '790 -792 -807 '846 -848 -848 -848 '824 -798 -762 -743 "733 
 741 -767 -790 -817 -840 -853 -850 -835 -806 796 "791 -788 '796 -813 -823 '844 -859 "849 -830 -804 776 -754 -743 '729 
 725 -739 -764 -783 -810 -820 -816 -809 -799 '788 "782 -777 '784 -803 -816 '833 858 -851 '828 '807 -778 -747 -743 -692 
 '684 -702 732 756 781 -806 '818 '815 -808 791 779 768 769 791 -823 '838 '861 -851 '836 -830 -824 -796 -768 -769 
 *7ft4< -7ftft -cm -c in -QQj. -cofi -con -cn<i -7fto 
 
 -798 -813 -815 '829 '844 -878 '888 -887 "874 '849 -846 -824 '785 -789 -794 
 863 -884 -892 -882 -862 -848 '854 -848 '816 -800 789 -810 '842 '862 -903 '927 '941 -937 "915 -889 -864 -832 -816 '806 
 799 -806 -818 -844 '875 -885 -893 '891 -872 -855 -843 '833 '835 '849 -862 '886 911 -899 '881 -852 -821 792 -773 -758 
 752 -741 -779 -810 -838 -851 '859 "849 '831 '805 784 788 '803 -833 -848 '874 '878 -873 '857 -825 794 754 730 712 
 
 Means | -757 '769 '795 -820 -843 -859 '861 -849 -830 '813 -802 -800 '810 '826 -846 '869 -885 "882 -867 -847 -816 -784 -764 -75010-823 
 
 *The numbers in these columns are not observed, bat interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
4 
 
 MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 
 Barometer at 32 = 29 English Inches + the Number in the Table 
 
 Gottingen 
 tfean Time 
 
 Soon 1 2 3 45 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 tl. m. h m. h, m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m h. m h m h m h m h m h m. h. m h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 S.41 (Ml 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 141 241 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 
 s I* 
 
 2 15 
 
 5 1? 
 
 3 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 * * 
 0-709 0-726 0-746 0777 0'809 0'840 0'832 O'SIO 0796 0779 0767 0'763 0'771 0795 0'850 0'852 0'860 0'849 0'840 0'813 0787 0752 0'736 0710 
 
 707 -730 -740 '773 '787 -810 "846 '822 -785 -767 -755 -746 '750 -768 -794 -813 -827 -818 '813 "798 '778 '749 '721 -709 
 m-728 '758 '795 -816 -ft'22 -810 -7Q^ -78^ 
 
 0-790 
 
 775 
 
 792 
 807 
 808 
 780 
 765 
 782 
 
 748 
 719 
 722 
 715 
 728 
 727 
 
 782 
 771 
 716 
 
 763 
 764 
 
 727 
 
 735 
 722 
 702 
 655 
 579 
 586 
 
 -779 -779 -771 '776 -794 -823 -849 '857 -855 -838 '825 -803 -770 '747 -728 
 719 -738 -770 -799 -836 -844 '856 '836 -814 -800' -792 -792 "804 -814 -824 '853 '867 '863 '846 '830 '807 -772 -754 -748 
 745 -773 -770 -802 -828 -843 '838 '835 -820 -801 -787 -789 -804 -820 '837 '8.55 "859 '861 "840 '828 '803 -775 '749 735 
 732 739 756 783 '809 -824 '820 795 793 783 779 772 777 794 -815 -833 '833 -823 797 777 753 728 70H '688 
 689 707 737 773 788 799 '810 789 770 758 752 718 756 766 787 "812 '818 '808 799 782 759 745 728 709 
 702 -720 741 773 -802 -814 -810 -803 789 778 773 768 775 789 '806 '830 '839 '834 '823 "812 781 768 731 718 
 708 727 743 782 '823 "843 '838 '822 '805 
 
 765 730 722 726 732 748 766 779 770 750 732 713 "690 -669 '659 
 653 -665 -686 707 733 746 743 737 710 705 701 702 715 735 758 774, 789 787 768 744 711 -682 -660 -649 
 652 -665 -690 716 733 756 756 744 730 719 714 711 721 744 771 781 786 775 760 730 '699 -671 -651 -646 
 659 -671 -696 746 762 758 750 739 720 707 700 -690 '693 721 735 743 756 750 754 743 708 -671 '651 -632 
 626 -642 -665 709 739 748 738 717 706 -697 -694 -687 '093 734 729 '825 "895 -840 '815 767 731 719 '686 '668 
 660 -685 -698 720 741 759 746 735 723 709 701 701 713 731 748 765 784 782 777 762 734 710 '697 -678 
 685 -711 714 -731 757 -771 -7fi8 -7fifi -7fil 
 
 760 764 767 782 798 '805 -828 "857 -869 '849 '844 "837 -808 784 756 
 739 762 767 777 790 -805 -803 789 774 766 763 749 748 760 766 7b6 792 -821 794 785 777 758 740 713 
 702 712 733 741 746 752 758 748 727 704 -686 -685 '696 -691 701 717 719 718 741 722 716 707 '685 -682 
 681 709 725 741 770 787 786 784 763 749 741 736 744 762 774 '812 -831 '831 '817 795 767 754 736 706 
 713 762 746 776 794 788 787 776 759 751 749 745 753 760 785 '800 -808 -808 790 791 777 733 '699 -674 
 657 -664 -680 -699 720 741 753 743 723 712 707 704 714 741 765 787 796 '803 789 764 742 705 '673 -671 
 '667 -676 '694 -709 739 7 e >4. -764. -7RO -7V4 
 
 739 730 734 730 738 762 791 788 781 776 758 730 716 '690 -669 
 654 -668 '686 711 733 742 748 750 747 734 728 720 724 738 761 771 773 767 757 744 716 "681 '654 '632 
 636 -661 '683 708 732 736 740 742 -696 '683 "676 -681 '698 719 742 754 753 744 720 708 "683 '664 '658 -641 
 632 -646 '661 -675 709 712 7] 8 '698 '687 '667 '652 -642 -645 '657 '666 '678 -684 -682 -662 '645 -615 '581 "558 -542 
 540 -553 '565 '593 '607 '610 -611 '601 '587 -568 -555 -551 '560 "579 -616 '621 '618 '626 '610 '590 -564 '541 -519 -500 
 519 -536 '541 -562 '582 '591 '597 '588 '581 '572 -568 "564 '573 '599 '612 -628 -649 '652 '651 '636 '598 '569 '550 -537 
 
 Means 
 
 ^^^^M 
 
 May 31 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 8 13 
 2 14 
 
 H 15 
 16 
 
 g Jl 
 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 2G 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 0-673 -691 707 734 757 769 770 759 742 729 721 716 725 742 761 781 793 789 776 759 734 -708 -686 -609; 0737 
 
 * He 
 
 0-K40 n-sfil o-.wi o-fiiv? CI-RVK <vfi39 0-W3 0-663 0'C42 
 
 674 
 750 
 768 
 767 
 776 
 714 
 
 667 
 651 
 701 
 720 
 655 
 620 
 
 696 
 702 
 698 
 714 
 720 
 734 
 
 716 
 688 
 712 
 731 
 691 
 679 
 
 641 
 
 628 
 
 0-668 0-699 0'688 0'6S7 0'705 0738 0757 0771 0'774 0766 0731 0708 0'6/7 0'"55 0'630 
 
 631 -651 -686 713 742 762 -775 767 -756 -748 745 "743 -750 '772 '787 "814 -820 '826 -817 797 '768 '741 711 -691 
 692 715 729 757 778 795 -800 790 777 763 754 -749 754 775 '801 '815 "826 "825 -806 791 772 "750 722 '699 
 691 -696 710 727 758 770 778 772 762 746 735 740 754 -768 789 -820 '824 '833 '825 '811 "802 778 770 755 
 733 750 737 763 786 -820 -826 -818 '806 788 776 770 774 790 -800 789 '802 '812 795 775 758 -735 717 700 
 686 -694 709 725 736 754 761 750 '743 719 701 -696 701 713 731 739 748 "755 744 724 -693 '666 '634 -614 
 608 -641 -657 -669 "685 702 708 701 -688 _ ___ __ 
 -682 -682 -677 '682 '697 '699 702 706 704 -685 -662 -632 -610 '573 -561 
 558 -576 '598 -624 '655 -678 -692 -682 '674 -659 "650 -651 "662 '670 "680 "697 706 702 -695 -665 '648 -621 '598 -587 
 583 -608 -657 -684 702 714 -720 714 706 '698 '695 -695 704 726 750 758 769 765 759 727 706 -685 -657 -651 
 649 -676 -690 712 737 757 766 744 733 726 724 722 730 754 775 784 '785 778 753 721 -684 -655 -625 -602 
 594 -607 -630 "656 -670 700 711 701 '683 '672 '667 '662 '666 '674 '699 707 706 "698 '686 "657 '611 '579 -546 -531 
 522 -544 -564 -618 -635 '654 -653 -642 -634 '624 "620 '612 '613 -630 '651 '671 '673 '678 '663 -638 '613 -595 '573 -566 
 '585 '600 '635 '652 '678 708 721 705 '693 
 
 695 703 704 715 725 738 759 775 769 751 729 700 -673 -646 -641 
 632 -651 -673 "697 -716 728 742 734 727 720 718 708 708 709 725 749 748 '753 737 710 "678 -650 -625 -611 
 616 -631 -642 '676 707 723 733 725 719 703 '692 '685 "688 702 720 739 753 762 749 729 -697 '665 -657 -635 
 632 -639 -660 '686 715 733 741 735.725 713 706 702 707 727 748 764 780 777 762 748 716 '691 -669 -662 
 662 -659 -675 '697 725 730 736 733 724 710 702 '697 701 730 755 766 773 774 766 757 742 716 '692 -665 
 657 -669 -686 716 737 741 743 735 728 720 718 722 735 740 754 788 '813 -802 766 758 746 730 714 -693 
 682 '693 705 719 725 742 752 741 725 
 
 707 '695 '691 '697 711 736 755 771 765 759 736 706 -675 -655 -631 
 628 -641 -650 '678 707 726 731 717 '699 '685 '676 '674 '682 -697 716 733 734 730 715 -697 -665 -647 -639 '639 
 j -643 -656 -669 '695 712 729 748 736 720 704 "693 '697 711 727 738 745 758 763 751 731 721 -694 679 -664 
 659 -676 710 724 744 753 765 '757 745 734 729 727 734 730 749 770 782 776 769 741 727 701 -672 -661 
 647 -653 -666 '687 707 716 727 704 '695 '686 '682 '669 '666 '677 702 725 733 735 735 706 '696 -677 '662 -642 
 634 -644 -652 671 -692 -697 '706 "688 "683 '674 '671 '668 '675 '687 719 727 730 727 714 -692 -670 -644 -615 -604 
 605 -610 -619 -637 -656 '669 '673 -664 '633 
 
 -638 -628 '631 '643 '662 '670 -678 "684 '677 -669 -653 '620 '602 '576 -564 
 557 -568 -584 '606 -637 '681 '665 '661 '645 -629 -615 '611 -617 '638 '652 .661 -670 -666 '664 '644 -625 '606 "588 -582 
 
 Means | '628 "643 -661 '684 -706 -724 -732 '722 -711 "700 "695 -692 '698 -713 -732 "747 '755 -755 -742 -720 "696 -672 -649 '634 0700 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 
 Barometer at 32 = 29 English Inches + the Number in the Table 
 
 (iotting-)i 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 Daily and 
 .Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Mild ran 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. in. 
 
 4.41 
 
 h. m. 
 
 5.41 
 
 li. ID. 
 641 
 
 h. m. li. m, 
 7.41 8.41 
 
 li. m. 
 9.41 
 
 h. m. 
 
 10.41 
 
 h. m. 
 11.41 
 
 h m. h m h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. li. m. h. m. li. m. h. m. li. m. 
 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 
 
 h. m. 
 2.41 
 
 h. m. 
 
 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 co iy 
 
 8 14 
 15 
 
 S " 
 
 P 17 
 ^ 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 Tn 
 
 Tn 
 
 Tn 
 
 In. In. 
 
 Tn 
 
 Tn 
 
 Tn 
 
 * * 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In In. In. 
 
 TTI 
 
 Tn 
 
 0-619 
 634 
 645 
 670 
 
 705 
 730 
 714 
 705 
 674 
 626 
 
 644 
 665 
 660 
 669 
 703 
 706 
 
 695 
 677 
 668 
 688 
 737 
 761 
 
 727 
 766 
 744 
 710 
 708 
 
 0-566 
 
 562 
 j-552 
 585 
 596 
 
 657 
 657 
 666 
 612 
 -582 
 576 
 
 565 
 592 
 572 
 639 
 637 
 628 
 
 042 
 585 
 593 
 631 
 712 
 655 
 
 659 
 
 672 
 657 
 617 
 
 0-568 
 
 579 
 569 
 602 
 607 
 
 678 
 064 
 653 
 622 
 592 
 593 
 
 589 
 596 
 591 
 657 
 653 
 634 
 
 649 
 602 
 604 
 642 
 727 
 666 
 
 675 
 700 
 670 
 633 
 
 0-578 
 604 
 581 
 619 
 626 
 
 693 
 704 
 681 
 653 
 610 
 620 
 
 614 
 
 612 
 612 
 673 
 675 
 647 
 
 661 
 620 
 638 
 667 
 741 
 691 
 
 684 
 707 
 687 
 687 
 
 0-599 0-021 
 
 631 -646 
 604 -636 
 652 '685 
 675 -688 
 
 716 -746 
 711 -729 
 725 -747 
 6b6 -722 
 660 -680 
 634 -651 
 
 646 -667 
 634 -661 
 630 -664 
 693 -718 
 701 -719 
 665 -707 
 
 669 -680 
 651 -667 
 674 -692 
 682 -704 
 755 -777 
 705 -716 
 
 784 -790 
 749 -809 
 710 -721 
 699 -707 
 
 0-637 
 657 
 655 
 705 
 697 
 
 751 
 741 
 735 
 
 722 
 663 
 670 
 
 688 
 682 
 682 
 728 
 736 
 728 
 
 689 
 674 
 702 
 725 
 789 
 733 
 
 802 
 823 
 791 
 733 
 
 0-639 
 
 673 
 670 
 713 
 
 692 
 
 762 
 745 
 740 
 722 
 653 
 684 
 
 699 
 695 
 701 
 733 
 741 
 749 
 
 695 
 677 
 716 
 
 728 
 794 
 735 
 
 822 
 809 
 787 
 746 
 
 0-640 
 
 654 
 661 
 706 
 682 
 
 758 
 730 
 744 
 710 
 647 
 674 
 
 690 
 701 
 695 
 726 
 739 
 737 
 
 684 
 688 
 718 
 722 
 785 
 732 
 
 823 
 762 
 754 
 723 
 
 0-626 0617 0-612 0'608 0-611 0'620 0'638 0'665 0'672 0'670 0'665 0'645 0'625 0'606 
 
 641 -631 '624 '622 '628 '641 -659 '679 -682 -680 -667 "649 '635 -619 
 654 -646 -642 '638 '640 '648 "679 -696 -697 -709 -709 '692 "662 -636 
 694 -690 '690 -671 "658 '665 -698 "716 '728 '714 '692 "674 '655 '639 
 .g72 
 
 -685 -702 -701 '707 -728 -764 -790 '797 '794 -775 -741 '719 709 
 754 -739 -727 '725 '730 -740 -776 -788 '788 '783 '748 '730 "710 '685 
 723 -717 -714 -713 '718 "723 -738 '750 '753 -750 '741 '719 '696 '665 
 725 -717 '713 '708 '710 710 714 727 741 742 730 703 -673 "655 
 681 -672 -667 '665 '670 -683 700 707 716 717 702 '673 '640 '628 
 637 "624 -614 '613 '618 '637 -640 '646 '652 '653 '644 '622 -614 '599 
 660 
 -645 -634 -635 '643 '647 -664 -682 '692 -697 '681 '673 '640 '612 
 679 -672 -668 -669 -676 -684 -699 712 725 723 705 "679 '659 '633 
 687 -678 -672 -666 -666 -676 -682 705 711 710 "697 '675 '651 '624 
 671 -656 -645 -645 -651 '675 703 713 731 746 725 712 '694 '670 
 708 -699 -693 -691 -695 707 721 740 751 760 750 722 '696 '677 
 728 710 -695 -694 700 716 732 755 754 749 738 717 700 "668 
 77 
 
 0-572 
 
 584 
 616 
 616 
 
 696 
 673 
 663 
 634 
 610 
 574 
 
 585 
 616 
 60--2 
 645 
 655 
 652 
 
 0-547 
 
 564 
 589 
 609 
 
 674 
 663 
 677 
 624 
 595 
 560 
 
 568 
 601 
 577 
 634 
 645 
 638 
 
 -695 -667 -668 '675 -Q90 7('8 730 753 745 735 716 '694 '676 
 679 -672 -669 -673 '683 '696 715 723 736 733 713 '685 '664 '636 
 677 '674 -675 -676 -683 -690 700 722 730 724 704 "691 '663 '642 
 716 705 -697 -693 -695 704 731 738 738 737 725 712 '680 "657 
 717 715 717 717 723 753 789 -&07 '821 -828 '814 793 775 752 
 781 765 752 749 752 769 783 '804 '810 '818 796 774 749 717 
 731 
 
 664 
 til3 
 616 
 634 
 737 
 688 
 
 644 
 596 
 606 
 626 
 721 
 671 
 
 723 719 721 729 742 767 783 785 791 778 766 737 714 
 790 781 775 765 761 774 776 '803 '822 '825 "816 783 758 727 
 747 735 727 725 730 746 765 778 782 792 785 752 725 "689 
 732 716 703 -697 '697 700 716 735 744 749 740 721 '691 '670 
 714 701 -692 -690 '695 703 727 754 769 771 756 744 718 -690 
 
 678 
 712 
 676 
 630 
 671 
 
 661 
 679 
 669 
 613 
 
 657 
 
 Means O-oi" 
 
 630 
 
 651 
 
 679 -702 
 
 716 
 
 723 
 
 714 
 
 702 -692 -6^5 '683 -687 -699 718 735 744 745 731 710 -686 '663 
 
 641 
 
 626 
 
 0-691 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 8 1 
 
 r-l 14 
 
 H i:, 
 00 i 
 
 t3 1 
 
 17 
 t> 18 
 ^ 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0-655 
 
 663 
 
 694 
 744 
 771 
 750 
 701 
 734 
 
 649 
 G'61 
 675 
 
 674 
 638 
 647 
 
 660 
 687 
 693 
 673 
 675 
 659 
 
 0-662 
 
 674 
 
 713 
 775 
 778 
 760 
 712 
 753 
 
 667 
 675 
 687 
 695 
 668 
 659 
 
 664 
 691 
 698 
 688 
 686 
 687 
 
 0-691 
 
 683 
 
 734 
 787 
 797 
 771 
 734 
 772 
 
 684 
 70S 
 715 
 729 
 695 
 680 
 
 669 
 711 
 
 "718 
 717 
 '705 
 '725 
 
 0'738 0746 
 705 -722 
 
 757 -782 
 804 -820 
 822 -847 
 794 -810 
 762 -785 
 804 -828 
 
 723 -747 
 731 -743 
 738 -760 
 753 -789 
 728 -756 
 721 -733 
 
 678 -711 
 735 '757 
 767 -809 
 738 -758 
 729 -758 
 754 -770 
 
 0-755 
 750 
 
 802 
 835 
 853 
 822 
 812 
 813 
 
 760 
 757 
 
 782 
 800 
 778 
 742 
 
 737 
 777 
 807 
 768 
 781 
 792 
 
 0-756 
 760 
 
 822 
 843 
 860 
 826 
 807 
 801 
 
 766 
 774 
 771 
 804 
 783 
 736 
 
 740 
 
 784 
 791 
 772 
 780 
 774 
 
 0744 
 757 
 
 818 
 849 
 852 
 822 
 806 
 795 
 
 762 
 758 
 752 
 794 
 778 
 721 
 
 722 
 771 
 
 787 
 763 
 763 
 766 
 
 * * 
 
 0734 0-723 0'716 0707 C'704 0-711 0-723 0740 0755 0'763 0758 0745 0720 0'691 
 
 75 
 
 0-670 
 
 734 
 
 772 
 804 
 781 
 720 
 736 
 
 0-653 
 
 708 
 756 
 782 
 763 
 699 
 731 
 
 663 
 
 658 
 677 
 678 
 f55 
 644 
 
 664 
 690 
 711 
 666 
 683 
 672 
 
 680 
 658 
 676 
 659 
 683 
 708 
 
 720 
 
 0719 
 
 750 
 799 
 834 
 840 
 788 
 773 
 
 758 
 723 
 728 
 728 
 750 
 732 
 
 718 
 716 
 
 758 
 750 
 744 
 739 
 
 752 
 741 
 751 
 742 
 743 
 752 
 
 787 
 
 749 749 741 738 750 774 793 -820 '827 '816 '802 772 751 
 812 799 789 783 782 -805 -838 '858 '870 '872 "861 '853 "823 792 
 830 -816 -806 -812 '823 '850 '866 "888 '907 "915 '891 '880 '855 '831 
 849 -846 -846 '842 -844 '864 -857 '884 '897 "896 '887 '872 '842 '809 
 804 795 790 788 792 796 '813 '824 '837 '830 -805 778 753 736 
 800 781 765 759 759 776 797 '816 '822 '819 792 780 761 751 
 787 
 
 764 745 738 736 750 7CO 779 785 782 771 749 719 '693 
 748 734 723 715 712 720 736 757 758 761 751 728 712 703 
 735 726 721 717 719 727 -739 "755 781 781 769 741 713 '691 
 729 715 704 -699 700 716 737 758 766 778 752 745 721 707 
 773 760 750 742 740 729 759 781 790 '800 792 768 744 703 
 751 733 719 710 707 736 765 792 791 798 779 752 714 '688 
 706 
 
 677 
 668 
 679 
 689 
 678 
 661 
 
 684 
 708 
 729 
 681 
 706 
 683 
 
 707 
 678 
 688 
 680 
 701 
 722 
 
 740 
 
 700 -698 -699 705 715 739 773 778 776 765 751 733 '695 
 714 702 -694 -685 "682 "696 721 746 770 774 769 762 748 732 
 766 757 752 748 749 758 770 797 '803 '813 "806 794 766 748 
 767 753 743 736 735 741 757 776 787 788 782 772 733 711 
 751 741 734 734 739 738 757 785 794 794 779 759 748 732 
 760 745 734 734 740 755 763 776 780 775 757 743 727 705 
 7fiO 
 
 7ylQ -7A1 -7QA -7Q7 '*7AR -7fi1 I 7Q -QC\A. -Ql Q -QA/1 -7Q9 -7fi i: l -7^0 
 
 678 
 656 
 663 
 677 
 680 
 705 
 
 703 
 689 
 679 
 '688 
 705 
 728 
 
 '723 
 
 '708 
 712 
 '719 
 739 
 740 
 
 747 -761 
 "741 -767 
 728 781 
 750 -781 
 762 -783 
 776 -798 
 
 773 
 780 
 797 
 791 
 794 
 818 
 
 778 
 804 
 784 
 797 
 792 
 824 
 
 772 
 796 
 774 
 781 
 773 
 820 
 
 749 738 731 735 745 753 758 762 776 785 775 761 734 '699 
 756 742 731 731 737 755 783 '805 -824 '834 '810 767 734 702 
 751 733 719 718 723 739 764 790 '802 '807 790 770 739 708 
 751 733 718 709 706 703 729 764 786 797 793 785 754 729 
 749 735 725 723 727 737 753 772 790 793 794 789 768 744 
 793 
 
 777 764 764 769 783 -803 -836 '855 "861 "848 -818 792 761 
 
 Means ft) -683 
 
 699 
 
 722 
 
 749 -773 
 
 788 
 
 790 
 
 781 
 
 765 752 743 739 740 752 770 792 -805 '809 796 779 753 729 
 
 707 
 
 69010-754 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 
 Barometer at 32= 29 English Inches + the Number in the Table 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily ai 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Mot" - 
 
 Madras 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h.m. h. m. Km. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h m h.m. h.m. h. m. h. in. 
 4.41 641 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41. 1H.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 l!0.4l 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 xj.4l J. 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 to 11 
 
 >O 10 
 00 " 
 
 ~ 13 
 
 gi u 
 
 ffl 15 
 S 16 
 H 17 
 18 
 W 19 
 00 SO 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. , In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 0725 0735 0743 0757 0790 0-819 0'817 0-812 0797 0780 0708 07G4 0772 0787 0'810 0'826 0'833 0'838 0'816 0781 075G 0726 0705 0-093 , 
 685 -697 -718 -738 -755 -778 "778 '766 756 -750 "750 -754 -769 -791 -808 '824 -838 -838 '818 '795 -7.53 '721 '701 -689 
 693 -710 -723 -755 -774 '792 -797 -788 '781 776 -777 -778 -791 '815 -831 '846 -853 -852 "840 -827 796 '767 '742 -729 
 735 -746 -769 -797 -815 -836 -829 -826 '814 -809 '809 -817 -837 '849 -875 '891 "897 -897 '883 '861 '835 "809 '780 772 
 774 -792 -817 -841 -851 -875 '866 "861 '847 '836 -830 '824 -829 -849 -864 'H90 '908 '893 '883 '856 "831 '795 '778 '766 
 
 0-777 
 761 
 785 
 824 
 840 
 
 842 
 833 
 816 
 785 
 779 
 743 
 
 757 
 761 
 776 
 795 
 822 
 817 
 
 /73 788 o04 83o 84o 858 853 bM b44 - 
 __________ -837 -835 -835 '847 -857 '872 "901 -909 -903 '890 '870 -834 '811 '784 -770 
 777 -791 -812 -838 -856 -868 -870 '857 '842 '822 '807 '806 -816 -825 -852 '872 -887 '897 -883 '859 -826 -797 '778 -766 
 771 -787 -81l'-835 -855 -872 "874 '847 '833 '814 -800 -796 -803 -813 "831 '844, -862 -865 -819 '819 -795 -753 '731 -715 
 721 -738 -770 796 -825 -836 '830 '806 781 768 760 761 773 788 '807 "824 '840 "841 -833 "803 7(56 740 725 719 
 727 739 768 787 -807 -815 "814 799 785 767 754 754 766 781 795 '825 '835 "834 -820 793 766 743 718 705 
 709 728 736 763 779 789 779 772 753 737 726 724 734 740 765 786 791 788 767 736 706 '690 '672 -665 
 
 O/o boo 7U7 /ol /oy /* Ail <oo /oo 
 
 _ _ _ 734 735 742 761 783 793 "819 -838 -836 '818 -806 781 753 724 70S 
 719 728 735 756 769 783 779 773 753 746 745 744 755 778 785 799 '823 -840 -825 783 747 720 "693 -681 
 696 722 740 767 792 '802 '807 794 787 777 772 769 777 -780 790 "810 '829 -833 -826 798 771 747 722 716 
 725 736 751 777 797 '818 "806 797 791 784 782 780 790 -803 -831 "856 '871 '870 '847 '820 791 767 750 749 
 758 779 -805 '826 -833 -859 -854 '841 '822 '812 -807 -805 '814 -827 -851 '878 -879 -875 '859 -834 -807 779 765 762 
 769 780 -806 '814 -834 "853 '854 '836 '818 '811 -810 '806 -801 -812 -837 "859 '879 -877 '856 '832 '802 776 753 738 
 
 7/1Q -7ri .7Q1 -SiH7 .QQA .2^1 -G^fl 'Q/fQ Q'}'} 
 
 826 -824 -828 -843 -872 '879 -896 -913 '909 -879 -854 -816 791 771 763 
 776 791 -826 '811 -865 -868 '872 '851 '843 '836 -834 -826 -830 '841 -863 '881 '890 '887 '876 '832 '803 764 750 742 
 752 787 -805 '822 -845 -848 "847 '841 '826 "806 792 784 788 798 -M2 '840 -860 '843 -837 '819 786 753 729 717 
 727 742 762 791 -822 -850 '837 '824 '809 787 770 767 776 796 -828 '834 -840 '844 '829 793 762 725 -695 -675 
 678 -692 718 742 777 -800 '819 '815 799 771 761 755 761 777 -811 '832 '849 '844 -830 791 753 727 717 701 
 706 722 739 758 '804 -843 '812 '805 795 777 763 764 776 783 '820 '839 '849 -849 '822 795 753 720 702 -692 
 
 7fiQ -7*3Q -773 -7QA -QO^ -QQQ -Q1Q -Ql 1 -7Q4. 
 
 832 
 831 
 
 806 
 787 
 772 
 779 
 
 783 
 799 
 838 
 
 767 745 755 776 -810 '827 '841 '830 '824 '812 790 764 725 716 708 
 710 725 750 781 -808 '820 '803 '809 -805 '800 -800 794 799 -815 -840 -864 '884 -879 '862 -818 795 764 737 723 
 733 751 777 '800 -847 "859 '843 '839 -835 '831 '832 '833 '845 -865 "888 '919 -926 -920 -905 '872 '836 '803 780 772 
 
 Means 
 
 0730 746 767 790 '813 '830 '826 '816 "803 791 784 783 793 -809 -829 '850 -862 -861 -845 -817 786 757 736 724 1 0798 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 2 13 
 
 14 
 W 15 
 S 16 
 
 g 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 * * 
 
 0771 0790 0-822 0'851 0'890 0'889 0'889 0'900 0'883 '871 0'867 '857 0'8r>7 O'S'l O'88-l fl'908 0'934 0'93G 0'905 0'873 0.846 0'819 0789 0780 
 
 774 -790 -814 -844 -865 -878 -878 '864 -846 -840 -941 -814 -796 -813 '846 -868 "891 -873 "860 -823 "788 '768 "740 '737 
 758 7r!3 794 '801 -819 '820 -826 '805 796 781 773 '764 764 781 -802 '827 "832 '815 -807 777 741 713 '692 '683 
 
 fiS7 -79^ -7=17 -777 '7Q'i '807 -7Q.1 '701 -770 - 
 
 0-861 
 
 827 
 781 
 
 758 
 754 
 764 
 765 
 729 
 718 
 
 792 
 835 
 857 
 871 
 865 
 876 
 
 849 
 840 
 866 
 882 
 892 
 9.13 
 
 921 
 922 
 898 
 835 
 835 
 887 
 
 748 734 739 753 762 791 795 '812 '811 787 753 727 70D '692 -686 
 697 718 734 774 791 790 787 774 736 729 730 730 739 756 782 796 -808 '806 791 770 736 727 704 701 
 701 707 729 760 798 '808 795 779 761 750 746 744 751 783 -809 '823 "836 "829 -808 766 731 717 707 707 
 711 733 754 783 796 797 791 782 773 755 745 742 748 769 776 784 -809 -823 -817 '801 752 723 713 -685 
 695 711 749 776 794 772 756 744 721 706 -699 -690 -691 717 743 764 768 768 753 725 -698 "685 '677 '682 
 690 701 707 717 724 758 745 726 "693 -682 -679 '686 702 717 737 742 770 774 764 742 717 '686 '681 '683 
 
 .pr>;> .710 .707 .7/30 .777 .700 .701 .7(5^ .7:1 
 
 772 -800 794 798 -811 '835 -862 '873 '880 "863 -837 -805 778 764 766 
 770 788 -814 -841 '851 -858 -849 -843 '834 -825 -824 -821 -828 '845 -863 -882 '894 '891 '878 -859 -827 795 784 779 
 786 -807 -828 -853 '877 '883 -880 '866 -849 -838 '834 '838 -852 '873 "893 -913 -926 '926 -903 -876 -847 '819 '803 -805 
 818 -832 -849 -874 -893 '907 '900 '894 -877 -859 '848 '852 -866 "884 -905 -925 '925 -924 -900 -878 -843 '829 -809 '807 
 816 -836 -853 '877 -8DO '895 '886 '882 '866 -846 -834 '838 -851 '863 "886 -912 '926 '925 -904 -874 -849 '828 '811 '809 
 818 -828 -852 '874 '887 '892 -894 '886 -871 -858 '853 -844 -845 -880 '895 -910 '925 -942 '925 -904 -874 -857 '845 '857 
 887 -884 -881 '884 '888 '891 '893 '877 -862 - ___ 
 831 -807 -809 -821 '832 -852 '877 -888 -891 -869 -835 -809 781 764 767 
 777 793 -820 '838 '857 -863 '861 -863 -853 '838 -830 -826 -832 -847 -864 -878 -895 -895 "881 -817 -826 '810 790 783 
 793 -807 -838 '872 '885 -891 '899 -893 '883 -864 '853 '853 -863 '876 '890 '909 -929 -928 -910 -878 -851 -814 '802 -802 
 811 -820 -860 -883 "902 '916 -921 -910 -895 -876 -865 '858 -861 "890 -914 -934 -948 -948 '928 -897 -857 -834 -83 -826 
 831 -841 -865 '884 '899 -919 -919 -905 -893 '875 -864 '870 -885 -893 -916 -941 -958 -958 -941 -911 -886 -863 -84f> "845 
 849 -872 -892 '925 -935 -948 -956 '928 -918 -905 -900 '897 -904 -919 '938 '958 -966 -966 -947 -920 -891 -867 '853 -855 
 864 -879 -902 -928 "954 -950 -951 -938 -920 ~ ____ '_ 
 907 -901 -900 -909 -931 '950 '973 '986 -982 -960 -930 -893 -873 '859 -867 
 880 -891 -915 -938 '956 -963 -953 -933 '917 '902 '895 -895 -904 -927 '946 -979 -987 -978 -961 -927 -897 '874 '859 -859 
 871 -885 -902 -919 -948 -940 -933 '917 -908 '898 '895 -886 -886 -906 '916 -939 '953 -947 -928 -886 -858 -828 -806 -807 
 811 -822 -845 '862 '880 -877 -881 '866 -853 '833 '820 '814 -817 '831 '849 '855 '882 '877 -849 -826 798 772 760 -7^8 
 765 782 -803 '839 '864 "871 '866 '859 "840 -825 "818 -816 -823 -834 "855 '879 '896 '898 -879 -844 -825 -804 782 7S4 
 794 -809 -837 -872 '895 -907 '907 '896 "888 '877 "874 -873 '882 '897 "917 '937 '952 -959 '937 -914-891 -86S '858 * 
 
 Means | 0782 -798 '820 '845 '863 -869 '866 '855 '839 "826 -820 -817 -823 '841 -861 -880 -895 -894 -876 -847 -817 -794 -778 -777) 0-837 
 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 
 Barometer at 32 = 29 English Inches + the Number in the Table 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 3456 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 IlflilyHm! 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. b. m. h. m. h. m. h. m h. m. h.m. 
 4.41 5.41 (i.U 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 U.tl 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 n 
 
 o 12 
 
 as 13 
 
 14 
 
 H 15 
 16 
 
 a 17 
 
 18 
 19 
 fc t20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 * * 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In . In. In. In. In. In. In. In. ID. 
 
 0-924 
 933 
 942 
 951 
 968 
 947 
 
 952 
 946 
 944 
 954 
 951 
 934 
 
 933 
 918 
 875 
 761 
 553 
 773 
 
 890 
 968 
 984 
 972 
 945 
 954 
 
 969 
 
 0-911 0-897 0-893 ' <JO ' 922 ' 942 ' 9G1 ' 983 ' 986 *>'962 0'942 0'909 0'891 0'879 (l'883 
 
 885 -897 -922 '950 -974 -984 -973 -956 -947 -921 -899 -897 -906 -919 "950 -962 '972 '986 -970 -945 -921 -894 -882 -881 
 888 -896 -920 '941 '964 -960 -959 -958 -940 -932 -928 "927 -938 -953 "973 -994 i-oos 1-001 -982 -952 -919 -893 "891 -889 
 899 -935 -948 '967 981 '976 -971 -959 -945 -926 -912 '921 '942 -959 '974 -992 -Q03 0-999 -983 -961 -935 -912 -909 -910 
 924 939 -960 '991 '999 rooo '987 '980 '971 -954 -942 "941 -954 -969 '989 1-012 -Q26 a ' 019 i-ooo '977 -946 -923 '912 -908 
 920 -937 958 '981 '996 0-988 '979 -969 -935 -925 -919 -919 '930 "939 '950 0-970 0991 0-99G -980 '949 -926 -900 '883 -881 
 
 -934 -933 -930 '939 -951 '973 -995 1'007 1-017 .993 -934, .954 .934 .916 . 90 8 
 917 -934 '954 "972 -984 -978 '963 -957 -939 -929 -923 -918 -925 -943 '963 -983 0-990 o- 5 . 978 . 96 . 2 . 932 . 902 . 893 . 890 
 903 -919 -934 '960 -98(5 -9S8 '976 -987 '957 -935 -918 -908 '909 926 "949 -951 -992 '992 .974 .957 .94 1 - 919 897 895 
 907 926 '948 '969 '982 -989 '997 -989 '962 -946 '934 -923 '923 -932 -963 -991 1-003 1'002 -988 -964 -935 -915 -904 -902 
 913 -926 '947 '976 row rois 1-010 "998 -967 -945 -927 -913 '910 -929 -958 -979 0-992 <>'993 -978 -953 -917 -892 -884 -882 
 899 -912 -935 '960 0-908 0-9G6 0-943 -950 -925 -909 -898 -895 -904 -927 '950 -971 1-002 1 '2 -975 -953 -918 '894 '883 -878 
 891 -900 -918 "939 -954 '960 "944 '927 '912 . 
 _ _ -906 -904 -903 "913 '921 -948 -968 0-993 - -971 -963 -941 -923 -908 -893 
 904 -925 '942 '967 -975 -968 '968 '953 -913 -890 "872 -873 '885 '893 -921 -941 -956 -955 -941 -918 -889 -864 -858 -858 
 865 -885 -901 '919 -934 '944 '942 "907 '870 '856 '847 '830 "824 -854 -873 -890 -909 -911 -896 -855 -846 -826 -80-t '799 
 802 -808 -820 -850 -851 '856 '835 '819 '789 -769 '753 -740 '738 -756 -769 -773 -782 -786 -750 -711 -665 -641 -603 -602 
 595 -593 '603 -599 -596 -565 "549 '538 "498 -468 '424 -407 -417 -455 -505 -546 -588 '612 -615 -622 '608 "605 -619 -642 
 667 -694 '729 -751 -776 '785 '791 '775 '756 -743 "735 '733 '743 -774 '796 -829 -851 -853 -843 -819 '795 '778 -764 -765 
 7C>"> -TOO -c; o n -Q~.* .Qr?o -QCQ -Cftn -ftfi^ -47 - 
 
 865 -887 -882 '889 '902 -927 -653 -973 -977 -967 -941 -912 '891 -883 '882 
 
 893 -911 -931 -954 -970 -976 '967 '968 -958 -950 '946 '942 '950 '975 -996 1-023 1-047 r043 rosi 1-002 '974 '950 -937 -934 
 944 -955 '975 1-001 1-012 rois ro07 1'003 '979 -961 "948 '951 -965 -983 1-007 '035 -044 -047 -021 -988 '969 '944 -925 -922 
 935 -957 -972 0-990 '006 '016 '005 0-999 '989 -967 '949 '940 '942 '951 0-979 '006 -024 -025 "010 -986 -950 '922 -904 -901 
 913 -931 -941 -962 0-976 0-977 0-905 "958 '946 -933 "924 -917 -922 '938 '952 -977 0-991 0-998 0-974 '955 -926 -900 -900 -903 
 909 -916 '943 '965 -987 -994 "9*8 '973 '957 -928 '904 '913 '933 '950 967 '987 1-005 1-010 '999 -980 -947 '927 -909 '912 
 
 yzy y44; you y/o y/o yyu w*u you i?o^ 
 951 '954 -947 '952 -956 '987 i- i6 '033 '034 1-022 "989 '962 '941 -933 -923 
 
 Means | 0-886 "901 '922 -945 -961 "964 -956 -<.45 "926 '912 "902 '898 '906 '922 -944 -965 -982 -984 '966 -942 '914 -891 -878 -87510-929 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 <o 12 
 13 
 rt 14 
 
 & 15 
 16 
 a 17 
 H iji 
 
 19 
 Q 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 2f 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 * * 
 
 0-931 0-937 0-939 0'975 0'994 1'004 0'996 0'980 0'96S 0'950 0'935 0'930 0'937 0'951 0'96S 0'992 T009 I'OOo 0'99? 0'968 0'937 0'912 0'899 0'896 
 
 908 -924 -945 -976 -980 -983 - 9 65 '952 '942 '933 '927 -925 '935 -916 -958 -990 -002 -004 -993 '960 '929 -905 -897 '896 
 913 -929 -961 -990 roie roie root -993 -974 -963 -954 '946 '950 -975 '988 1-013 '028 -025 1-010 '976 '949 '926 -907 -912 
 931 -941 -969 -992 0-993 0-994 0-977 -967 -954 -941 -930 -924 '930 -943 -958 -986 '006 -008 -999 "974 -947 -925 '912 '913 
 934 -943 -975 -996 i- 00 i '992 -978 -976 -964 -944 -926 '925 '936 -959 -973 -998 -006 "012 -996 -972 -937 -913 -905 -900 
 Q 16 -931 -951 - Q 70 0-33'' ' QQ 1 '981 -966 -913 
 
 0-960 
 949 
 972 
 959 
 961 
 
 898 
 812 
 884 
 961 
 977 
 992 
 
 988 
 969 
 973 
 976 
 998 
 1-039 
 
 032 
 038 
 013 
 0-988 
 988 
 1-038 
 
 0-996 
 969 
 957 
 957 
 
 -897 -854 -846 '849 -859 '868 '889 -909 0-909 '906 "875 '857 -814 798 -790 
 804 -827 -842 '864 -875 -881 -859 -830 "813 '796 -781 -771 '773 -795 -815 -837 "852 -836 -836 '798 769 -755 -744 -740 
 759 776 -805 '834 -870 -890 -890 -880 '869 '863 '860 -855 '862 -883 -920 "952 -965 -975 -971 '948 '922 -895 -886 -893 
 899 -915 -954 -968 -988 '998 '990 -9,79 -965 '944 -926 '921 "928 -952 -975 1-003 r02l 1-022 1-008 "985 -950 -937 -927 -914 
 931 -948 -973 -998 1-009 rooo 1-014 i- n '995 '971 -949 -944 '951 -961 -971 '002 '029 '026 -018 -990 "962 -937 -927 -929 
 944 -952 -970 1-004 '009 "022 '017 -Q08 '998 "974 -953 '954 "967 -977 -997 "033 -052 "053 "049 1-019 '995 -970 -947 -955 
 '972 -985 loi' '036 -019 "051 '041 -ol 1010 
 
 _ _ -976 -945 -938 "942 -950 -969 '004 -026 '030 -018 -997 "960 -932 -918 -917 
 925 -941 o-967 0-990 -012 -013 '009 - 99 8 0-987 '963 '942 '936 -941 -953 -974 -998 '018 '021 "007 -975 -946 -917 -904 -920 
 925 -943 -972 rooo '010 -012 '006 -996 '978 -959 '943 -936 -941 -953 "973 -998 "025 "027 '020 -997 -958 -930 -924 -921 
 939 -948 '967 0-985 0-994 "000 0-990 -987 -975 '964 '956 -951 -958 -967 "979 roo4 '020 '030 '021 -997 -962 -939 -937 -945 
 956 -965 -989 1-013 ro25 '029 1-021 roo9 '998 -985 -974 -971 -980 -996 1-013 "033 -052 -049 -041 1-011 -984 -962 -955 -951 
 970 -981 roos '027 -039 -050 -043 -039 roso 1-022 1-017 row 1-023 roto '061 '093 -115 -115 -105 -073 1-042 roi5 1-007 roos 
 
 i.r.io i .ftin -04.T -Ofi' 1 ? -OfiQ -OVli -070 -fifi-} -OW 
 
 _ _ -Q14 o-978 0-974 0-982 '003 '028 -062 -081 '085 -073 -042 -013 -994 0-976 0-979 
 0-991 -010 -040 -060 -073 -064 '060 -045 -043 -027 roil roio rois "035 -039 '076 -097 -104 -090 -061 -024 -995 -971 -969 
 982 0-995 '024 -044 -061 -062 '053 -046 -023 -007 o-99-i 0-979 0-975 0-994 '016 '043 -055 -060 -046 -021 o-993 '962 -941 -943 
 958 -972 o-987 "012 -022 -023 '023 -009 -99i 0-972 '955 -952 -961 -978 -998 "023 -049 -048 -031 -994 '962 -939 -918 -920 
 941 -955 -979 -005 -017 -015 -008 -002 -971 '957 -946 -943 -952 -957 -999 -023 -048 -057 -040 1-023 '996 -965 -951 -951 
 976 -996 1-019 '052 -064 -063 -061 -057 1-037 1-024 rou roo9 roie 1-020 1-050 '083 -107 -103 -091 -062 roso roos '990 -985 
 
 QQ7 i.nno -O9T -f)-3Q -n.lA -fiA7 -AA1 -flQ", -A1Q 
 
 0-987 0-959 0-952 0'957 0'90-t fl'990 '019 '026 '025 '012 0'993 0'962 0'942 '925 '925 
 
 933 o-952 0-961 0-975 0'978 0-983 0-979 0'9/s 0-967 "956 "948 "943 -950 "963 -982 -014 -032 -029 -Oil '991 -956 -931 -920 -918 
 925 -942 -955 -979 -988 -987 -984 -977 "970 '951 "943 '936 -940 -946 -966 o-995 '013 -Oil o-994 '965 -935 '901 '889 -883 
 890 -906 -935 -959 -966 -970 -968 -963 -954 -938 -925 '923 -932 -949 '973 roos '027 '034 rois '994 -961 '932 '921 '927 
 
 Means 
 
 0-932 -946 -970 -993 ro5 -009 -001 0-992 '977 '958 '943 '937 '944 -958 '978 rooe -025 '026 '015 0-987 -957 -932 -918 -918 1 0-972 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily meant. 
 t The Observations of 20th date are omitted from the mean on account of a etorm. 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DRY STANDARD THERMOMETER NO. 7 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Gottingen 
 lean Time 
 
 Madras 
 lean Time 
 
 Noon 1 
 
 8 
 
 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 h.m. 
 4.41 
 
 h. m. 
 6.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. 
 0.41 7.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 
 
 h. ra. h. m. h. rn. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h m h. m. h m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 1841 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 3.41 
 
 Daily and 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 s 
 
 14 
 h 15 
 
 rt 16 
 
 < 
 tD 
 
 g IS 
 | 19 
 ^ 20 
 2 
 22 
 2 
 2 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 ooooooooo 
 '6-3 76-3 761 75'4 75'3 75'2 751 75'2 75'0 
 78-8 76-3 75-3 74-6 741 72-9 69'6 68'9 69'2 
 79-5 76-9 75-3 72-2 70'5 70-4 701 701 693 
 79-3 771 751 721 71'2 70'6 69'4 694 697 
 791 76-6 74-3 72 2 70'5 70'4 69'4 69'4 68 6 
 
 803 77-3 757 72'6 71'3 701 69'6 69 2 68'9 
 80-4 784 737 72'8 71'4 70'6 70'4 70'0 70'2 
 801 78-3 76-8 74-2 731 72 3 72'2 71-3 70'9 
 80-5 78 8 76-3 75'8 72'4 72'2 71'9 70'9 70'4 
 80-6 78-3 767 75'4 75'4 73'9 72'6 72'5 71 '6 
 
 79 3 78-0 76-5 76-2 75'5 75'0 74'6 74'2 72'2 
 
 80 78-2 771 76'5 76 2 761 75-9 75'6 74'9 
 79 8 78-3 77-3 76-8 76'5 76'2 75'6 75'2 72 6 
 79-5 78-6 76-5 76'3 76"0 737 72'4 71-4 71'4 
 821 78-5 75-2 74.2 73'6 721 70'6 70'5 7(r3 
 80-5 781 J6-5 75-6 75'2 75-3 721 71'4 70'4 
 
 81 3 78-3 77-5 77'0 76'4 75'2 72'6. 74-4 73'4 
 
 78-8 
 bl 3 
 81-8 
 81-3 
 819 
 
 81-9 
 811 
 81-0 
 81-9 
 
 78-3 
 79-0 
 79-8 
 78-9 
 80-0 
 797 
 
 79-5 
 79-3 
 79-3 
 79-8 
 
 77-4 77-2 
 77-2 75-3 
 777 75-2 
 751 72-6 
 78-0 77-5 
 75-5 74-8 
 
 77-5 77-0 
 781 77-5 
 78-0 77-6 
 7H-2 78-3 
 
 771 77 2 771 76-6 76 3 
 
 74-2 72-6 71-4 71-3 70 6 
 
 72-8 72-6 721 70-8 7U'9 
 
 72-2 70-2 69-4 69-4 68 6 
 
 771 75-4 74-6 72'9 70'4 
 
 71-9 71-5 71-0 69-6 
 
 767 76-5 761 75'6 75'3 
 
 77'3 767 76'2 761 761 
 
 77'3 77'3 771 76'6 75-8 
 
 78'3 78-0 777 77-3 77-3 
 
 ooooooooooooooo 
 
 74-8 74-6 741 73'6 72'6 72'3 74-9 78'6 801 797 81 '9 8O3 80'4 79'6 79'6 
 68-8 68-4 6b-0 67-6 675 67'6 71-8 75'8 78'9 79'6 797 79'2 81-2 80'8 81-2 
 68-9 68-6 681 67'6 667 66'4 71'4 761 78'0 797 802 81'0 81'3 81 4 811 
 68-5 67-4 66-5 65'5 65'2 057 711 76'0 78'4 79'5 80'8 81'0 81 -5 807 801 
 
 67-6 667 66-6 66'4 654 653 70'9 75'9 79-4 811 81'3 81'6 8!'4 81-2 811 
 
 6b-4 6K-0 67-6 67-2 66'4 661 71'2 761 801 80'9 80'9 bl'5 81'3 81-4 81'3 
 
 69-6 691 68-3 67'4 671 67'4 72'4 77'3 791 79'9 81'8 811 81 8 80'3 81-6 
 
 70-6 70-4 69-9 6y4 692 70'2 71'4 77'0 79'2 80'6 81'0 826 83-0 81 9 81'3 
 
 69-5 68-6 68-8 6b'9 67'2 67'3 72'6 77'9 801 808 82'5 81'3 80'8 81'6 80'6 
 
 70-6 69-6 69-8 70'0 69'4 69'4 72'2 77'5 80'6 81'3 81 4 82-4 bl'3 80'4 80'6 
 
 711 70-0 69-5 68-9 68'6 69-3 727 77'9 807 811 82'3 82'5 81'8 81'3 79'8 
 
 731 71-4 70-8 701 69'4 69'4 ?3'6 76'4 79'5 807 82'3 82-0 t-21 811 80'3 
 
 72-2 71-9 70-2 68-4 68-3 68"4 71'6 78'3 79'8 80'8 81'0 82'0 81'6 811 80'8 
 
 71-0 70-6 701 69-6 68'4 69'2 70'4 76'5 80'0 81'6 83'3 82'5 82'3 83-3 82'6 
 
 69-3 68-4 68-3 68'2 67'6 68'2 72'4 76'3 80-3 82'9 85'3 85'5 85'9 84-3 82'8 
 
 69-9 69-4 68-5 67'6 67'0 67'4 72'4 76'5 79'8 82'3 83'5 83'5 831 82'9 81'8 
 
 741 74-9 747 74-4 744 73'0 75'5 78'3 79'5 807 80'6 80'5 81'5 60 6 80-0 
 75-6 749 74-3 73'6 72'5 72-9 75'5 78'5 801 821 823 82'6 83'2 82'5 bl'8 
 69-9 69-3 69-8 70'2 68'4 68'8 73'6 781 811 827 82-3 82 4 83'3 82'3 82'3 
 70-4 69-9 69-5 691 67'8 68-2 72'3 78'0 81'2 81'4 81'5 82'4 83'3 83'2 82 3 
 68-5 68 4 677 67'0 66'6 67'4 71'2 76'8 79 3 81'8 82'3 82'8 82'6 82 7 82'6 
 69-9 69-4 69-0 68'6 67'9 67-5 73'4 79'2 797 82'2 83-4 843 841 82 3 82'5 
 
 
 
 69-5 69-5 687 67-8 68'2 67'4 707 75'5 81-2 80'3 82-4 83'0 83 3 83'3 83'0 
 75-3 75-4 72 6 697 70'0 70'4 72'2 78'8 821 82'5 83'3 83'8 831 83'3 82-5 
 757 753 74-9 74'4 71'6 71'5 75'3 771 78'2 81'2 82'4 83-3 82-4 81-9 82-3 
 74-6 73-4 727 71'9 71'8 711 761 80'5 811 83'3 851 85-3 851 83'5 83'2 
 77-2 77-2 76-4 75'5 73'8 73-9 77'3 811 83'3 85-4 851 84-5 847 KS-3 83-( 
 
 Means | 8U'4 78'4 76'5 75'3 74'5 737 72'9 72'5 71'8 71'3 7U'8 70'2 69'6 68'U 6o'9 72'8 77'5 800 81-3 82'2 82'4 82'5 81 '9 81'6) 
 
 78-6 78-3 78-3 78'0 77'6 
 
 78-; 
 
 to 
 3 
 
 1 81-5 79-5 
 
 2 821 804 
 
 O __ . 
 
 4 81-8 80-3 79-4 791 787 78'5 777 
 
 5l 82-4 80-6 79-6 793 79'0 787 78'3 
 
 6 82-5 81-0 797 79'5 79'3 787 78'6 
 
 7 81-9 807 80-2 79-4 791 791 78'5 
 
 8 82-8 811 797 79'3 78'5 78'3 78'3 
 82-6 80-3 79-4 78'5 78'4 78'3 777 
 
 10 
 
 83-4 81-3 80-4 79'6 787 78'6 77'8 
 
 840 81-3 801 79-5 78'5 781 77'4 
 
 82 8 80-8 79-4 78'5 77'3 77'0 76'3 
 82-0 80'3 78'6 771 76'0 74-6 73'2 
 
 83 8 80-3 78-3 76'9 751 74'4 731 
 82-3 80-3 78-3 771 75-2 73'9 72-5 
 
 77'3 76'6 757 74'8 741 73'4 72'9 72'0 76'3 807 81-3 821 84-8 84-5 85'3 83'3 83'5 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 13 
 
 16 
 17 
 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 
 26 
 27 
 2F 
 29 
 
 83 3 81-3 80-4 79'5 79 2 78'8 78'3 
 
 82-8 81-5 80-4 801 797 79-3 78'5 
 
 827 81-5 80-3 79'8 79'3 787 78 4 
 
 82 5 80-9 80-0 79 3 78 6 77'5 76 2 
 82-8 80-8 79-6 77'3 75'2 73-3 72-6 
 82-0 80-5 791 78'5 781 77'2 75'3 
 
 837 81 '8 807 80'4 80-3 79'6 79'3 
 839 821 80-9 80-3 79'5 79'5 79'3 
 83-8 82-0 80-6 80'3 79'9 79-6 79'5 
 
 83 5 817 80-9 80'3 79'5 79-2 78'5 
 84-3 82-2 80-6 80'2 80'0 79'6 78'8 
 
 777 
 780 
 78-3 
 781 
 774 
 77-3 
 
 775 
 76-4 
 751 
 72-2 
 71-4 
 72-6 
 
 78-3 
 70-4 
 777 
 74-3 
 72'4 
 74-4 
 
 79-1 
 75-3 
 79-3 
 78-3 
 78-6 
 
 76-6 
 776 
 
 767 
 77-5 
 78-3 
 777 
 77-3 
 76-9 
 
 75-5 
 75-5 
 73-9 
 71-4 
 70-4 
 71-0 
 
 78-3 
 751 
 77-5 
 72-4 
 71-2 
 73-4 
 
 78-8 
 
 77-8 
 75-8 
 76-3 
 
 76-4 75-3 74-9 74'4 74-2 74-4 75-4 79'6 82'3 84'0 84'5 84'8 84-2 84'0 83'3 
 
 75-5 74-4 74-0 73'5 73 6 73-6 78'0 81-3 85-3 84'5 85'8 86-6 85-0 84'8 84'0 
 
 76-8 761 74-9 73'6 74-4 74-4 78'5 79'3 817 82'3 84-3 851 851 84-3 83'8 
 
 77-8 77-3 76-8 76'3 72 3 72-9 74'4 811 82'3 83'4 84'8 84'5 83'9 83 8 827 
 
 77-6 77-5 759 74'2 73'6 74-6 79-5 811 82-3 83"2 837 fc4'5 85'5 83'8 82'3 
 
 771 77-0 767 76'3 75'5 75'3 75'3 797 82'8 83'2 84'3 84-3 847 83'9 83'8 
 
 74-6 72-4 72-4 72'4 71-4 72'9 77'4 80'6 821 83'5 85'3 84 9 857 84'8 841 
 
 745 73-6 72-9 72'2 71 -0 72'2 76'2 80'4 81-5 85'3 85'4 87'3 867 87'0 861 
 
 74-3 73-2 72-4 71'5 71-2 72'2 761 80'8 83'5 87'3 877 86'3 8.V8 85'6 841 
 
 731 72-4 71-9 71-4 70'2 70-0 75'4 79'6 817 84'9 847 85'3 85'4 84-9 83'6 
 
 7(r9 70-4 69'8 691 68'4 68'4 73'6 78'3 81'5 84-5 85~5 86'6 86'3 85'8 85'4 
 
 69-5 687 68-4 681 67'4 67'3 727 77-5 81'5 851 8d'8 85'8 84'8 841 83'3 
 
 70-2 69-4 68-9 68'4 68'6 68'2 74-4 791 817 82'5 83'9 84-3 837 84'3 83'6 
 
 77-8 77-3 74-8 72-2 71'6 72'4 76'2 81'5 83-2 84'3 84'8 83'b 84'4 841 83 7 
 
 74-5 73-9 73-4 72-9 72'5 73'4 761 80'0 81'3 83'0 83 9 84-4 84'3 84 3 82'9 
 
 75-4 73-4 72-4 71-3 70'6 70'6 75'8 80-4 82'8 83'5 83'8 84'3 t-51 84'3 b3'3 
 
 71-3 70-2 69-3 68'4 67'4 67'6 74-2 79'4 81 "3 828 837 841 84'3 83'5 8:r3 
 
 70-4 69-6 68-5 67'4 67'3 67'2 74'5 79'3 81'8 82-3 82'8 82'5 837 8&Q 831 
 
 721 70-9 707 70'4 69'4 68'8 75'5 80'4 82'3 83-5 83'9 85'0 1-4-4 84'6 83'9 
 
 7c-8 788 78-6 78'4 78'3 78'5 81'3 82-5 83"5 84'2 85'9 86 2 85-9 85'2 85'3 
 761 75-4 75-0 74'5 73'6 737 781 81-5 84'6 85'0 84'9 &6'6 &6'4 85 7 85'2 
 
 76 2 747 74-3 73'9 734 74'4 77'2 81-3 851 88'3 85'9 86 o 87 5 85'9 84'6 
 
 751 74-4 73-6 727 71'6 72-4 75-4 80'6 83'3 84'2 85'6 857 85 9 84'9 851 
 
 74-9 73-6 72-8 72'0 71'6 72'2 77'3 81'3 83'3 84'4 84-5 861 85'b 85 6 85'0 
 
 Means )828 81 -Q 79'8 791 78"4 779 77'2 76'5 75-6 747 73'8 731 72'4 717 720 76"2 80'3 82-6 841 84-8 P:.'2 8.V2 846 84-0 i 78-9 
 
 * nil . i_ __ * ^ ^ ^^^^ 
 
 The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtuiuing the daily meaue. 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 DRY STANDARD THERMOMETER No. 7 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 GottiiiRen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily ant 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. in. h. m, h. m. h, m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 S.ll 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.11 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 1 
 
 * * 
 
 ooooooo.ooooooooooooooooo 
 Sl'3 8T3 79'3 78'8 78'0 77'5 77'3 77'0 75'3 
 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 Q 
 
 76-2 77-1 76-7 76'3 74-4 74'3 75'5 78-3 83'8 86-1 86-2 86'3 87'5 861 85'0 
 84-3 82-3 81-1 80'4 80-0 79'4 787 78'0 76'6 75'0 73'5 73'5 73-4 72-6 73'2 767 80'3 83'3 84-2 84-6 84-6 85-4 85'5 85'3 
 837 81-8 80-3 79-5 78-6 76'4 75-1 74'2 72'9 72'2 71'5 711 70'6 69-6 70'6 74'4 787 82'3 84-7 84'8 85-0 85-4 85'6 84'8 
 83-7 81-5 801 79-3 78'5 77'0 76'3 74-4 73'4 72'6 71'9 71-2 70'4 70'4 70'4 74-8 791 82'3 83'3 84-3 84'3 84-2 841 83'8 
 83-0 81-3 79-9 79'4 78'5 77'6 76-6 74'2 73-5 72-4 71'4 711 707 70'6 70'4 74-9 79'0 81'8 82'8 827 84'2 83'5 83-7 82-8 
 82-3 80-4 78'5 771 75'3 74'3 73'5 72-3 71-2 70'6 701 69'8 69'4 68'6 687 73'4 781 80'6 831 84-2 84'5 85'3 84-3 83'3 
 33'0 80'5 73-7 77' 75*3 71' 73'4 7"'4 71*1 
 
 79-9 
 797 
 781 
 78-0 
 77-8 
 76'6 
 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 co 13 
 
 iO 1 A 
 
 co A4 
 
 i-H IK. 
 
 72-9 74-4 73-5 72-6 72'2 72-9 77'3 817 831 861 86'5 871 87'0 871 85'5 
 841 81-8 80-5 79-6 79'5 78'8 78'6 77'8 76'3 751 74-0 73'5 73'0 727 73'4 77-3 82'5 84'3 85'8 87'4 87-5 87-6 87'0 861 
 84-8 82-8 81-4 807 80'5 80'0 79'5 79'3 78'4 77'5 76'6 75-9 75-2 75'2 757 78'8 83'0 86'5 87'3 87'5 881 87'5 86-5 85-8 
 851 82-8 81-0 80-4 80'0 79'6 79'0 78'2 76'7 76'3 75'9 75'4 74'9 74'4 74'5 78'2 82'5 85'2 86'0 86'4 87'5 871 86'4 85'5 
 84-4 82-5 81-0 80'3 79'6 78-4 78'3 78'4 77-4 77"8 78'3 77'8 77'2 75'4 75'2 78'6 83'3 851 86'3 86-8 87'4 86'3 86'4 85-4 
 84-4 82-8 81-0 80'2 79'9 79'5 78'8 77'3 76-0 751 74'3 73'9 73-4 72-9 73-5 76-6 81'8 81'3 85-6 85-5 87-3 871 86'5 86'3 
 SI'S 8'3 ST5 JJl'3 80'5 80-0 79-4 79 p 78'8 _.. , 
 
 78-6 
 802 
 81-4 
 80-8 
 81-2 
 80-0 
 
 W 16 
 
 ! 
 
 <j 18 
 
 S 19 
 20 
 21 
 oo 
 
 77-6 76-5 76'0 75-5 75-2 75'5 801 84'3 86'3 87-5 881 88'3 88'5 88-3 87'3 
 85-8 83-8 82-7 81'4 81-0 80-5 80-2 79'i? 79'5 78'4 77'3 76'5 75'6 75'3 76'0 79'6 83-5 85'2 87'6 88-3 88'7 891 881 87-3 
 85-8 84-2 82-3 81'7 811 80'6 80-5 80'0 79'7 78'9 781 77-5 76'8 76-2 76-8 80'2 841 87'2 86-3 88'4 88'4 89'2 88-3 87-4 
 85-8 841 82-4 81'4 81'2 80'7 80'3 80'3 80'0 78'9 77'8 77-2 76'5 76-3 77'3 81'0 84'3 87'5 90'5 89'5 88'8 88'8 891 881 
 85-3 83-8 82-5 82'4 82'4 821 81'5 81'5 81'3 80'8 80-3 79-8 79-3 77-8 78-5 83-0 85-2 88'3 91-0 91-9 90-5 90-5 89'2 87 8 
 86-2 85-2 83-3 82-5 82'4 81.9 81-4 81'4 811 80'0 79'0 78'8 78'6 77-4 78'3 82'8 86-4 88'3 89'0 89'6 89'5. 89'6 89'4 86~8 
 85 - 7 84'3 Q0- 8 0-c * 81 81'5 Sl'3 811 80'4 
 
 1-8 
 82-1 
 82-5 
 
 82-8 
 84-0 
 837 
 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 
 79-2 781 77-9 77-6 771 78'3 821 84'8 88-4 90-8 91-3 90-6 90-7 90'4 891 
 871 84-4 82-8 82'3 81'4 81'2 80-8 80'2 78'5 77'4 76'3 75-8 75'2 74'3 761 80'8 84'5 88'2 90'9 93-3 90'5 90'4 89'9 89-0 
 86-5 83-8 82-0 81'3 80'3 80'2 79-5 79-2 78'3 76'8 75-4 75'0 74-6 74'6 76-5 80-8 837 86'7 88-0 881 88'0 871 87'3 861 
 851 83-2 81-3 81-0 801 79-4 78'6 78'4 75-5 75'2 74'9 74'3 73'7 73'6 74-8 79-4 83'7 85'5 86'8 881 87'8 87'9 87'5 86'8 
 85-7 83.3 81-5 811 80'5 79-7 791 781 77-3 75'8 74-4 73-7 73'0 73'4 74'4 80'2 83-8 851 871 87'3 87-6 88-2 881 871 
 85-9 83-4 82-0 80-6 79-8 78'9 77'3 77'0 76-0 75'6 75'3 74-9 74-4 74'6 75'8 801 83'8 87'3 88-3 89'2 89'5 89'8 89'3 88'2 
 
 Ofi'Q QA'Q QQ.1 89-Q R1-K. Q1.Q QA-Q flft-A. 8(1-0 
 
 837 
 83-0 
 817 
 80-9 
 811 
 81-5 
 
 y 
 q/i 
 
 78'6 77'3 77-2 77-0 761 77-4 81-5 S'vfi 87'7 ?8-3 8Q-2 RQ-9 89-4. RQ-^ RQ-1 
 
 QQ-1 
 
 31 
 
 86-8 851 833 827 82-4 82'3 82'2 81-5 80'8 80'4 801 79'2 78'3 77'5 7S-2 821 83-5 87'3 86-9 891 88'5 88'5 88'4 88'3 
 
 83-5 
 
 Means 
 
 85-0 83-0 81'4 807 80'0 79'4 78'8 781 77'2 76-4 75'8 75'3 747 74-2 74-9 78'9 827 85'3 86'9 87-6 877 87'8 87-4 86-5 
 
 811 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 86-4 85-3 83-3 8b'0 82'5 82'4 82'2 82'0 81'8 81'6 81'5 81-2 80'9 80'4 82'8 85'4 88'3 88'8 901 89'3 91'3 90'5 90'3 891 
 88-3 861 83-5 83'0 82'5 82'3 81'8 81'5 81'4 80'4 79'5 78'5 77'5 777 80'4 83'4 87'5 89-9 90'6 92'3 921 91'8 91'3 901 
 88-3 861 84-2 83'4 83'0 82'5 82'3 81-5 81'6 81'4 81'3 807 801 79-5 80'8 84'5 881 911 93'5 93-5 941 92'3 91'5 90'8 
 89-3 86-5 84-2 83-6 831 82'5 81'8 81'3 80'9 80'3 79'8 79'2 78'5 77'9 80'2 841 86'0 89'4 90-3 90'8 90'5 911 901 89'2 
 
 G7.Q R'i'Q S'^-Q 89-Q 89-^ RO'fl 81 'A. Rf)-*. '7Q'' : i - 
 
 85'0 
 847 
 857 
 84-6 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 79-2 79-0 78-8 78'6 78'3 78'9 81'8 85'3 89'0 92'5 94-6 93'5 93'5 94'3 91'8 
 89-3 861 837 83'2 82-6 82-3 81-8 81'3 80'3 79'8 79'3 78-9 78'4 781 79'8 84'0 88'0 891 90'6 92'3 91-5 91'8 92'3 91-2 
 89-3 871 84-5 83'5 83'0 82'5 82'3 82-0 821 81'9 81'8 81'2 80-6 80'5 81'4 84'4 87-5 91-5 92-4 92'6 93'3 921 90'5 89'3 
 871 85-5 83-9 837 83'2 831 82-9 82'3 82'3 82'3 82'4 82'3 821 81'4 82'8 85'5 871 89'0 911 91"9 931 91'8 90'5 91'5 
 87-3 85-5 83-8 83'3 82'8 82'4 82'2 81'5 81'3 80'3 79'4 78'9 78'3 77'6 78'6 83'9 87'3 897 90'4 91-5 89'5 911 89'3 89'0 
 87-6 86-2 84-3 83'5 831 83'0 827 82'2 81'8 811 80'5 80'2 79'9 79'3 81-5 851 87'5 89'3 91'3 91-3 921 91'9 91'3 90'3 
 
 CQ'f^ Q7-Q Q^-Q SA-Q SJ.-Q fiQ-G ftQ*Q Q9- ^ ft9- ( -i - 
 
 84-7 
 84-8 
 857 
 85-8 
 84-4 
 85-3 
 
 Ls 
 
 co -13 
 
 CO 14 
 
 2 15 
 
 ^ 16 
 
 i < . ._ 
 
 OH *' 
 
 Pj 18 
 "*< in 
 
 __ 827 82-4 821 81-8 81'8 83'3 86'5 89'5 92'6 92'9 94 2 92'3 93'2 92'3 90-9 
 88-9 86-5 85-5 85'4 85'8 85-6 85'4 851 85'3 84'8 84'3 82'2 80'0 80-5 81'5 84'0 84'3 86-5 88'5 90'5 92'5 941 93'4 91'3 
 89-3 86-6 84-5 84-4 83'5 82'9 82'5 82-4 82'0 81'6 81'3 807 80-0 79'4 81'4 861 89'5 92-5 951 94-6 957 94'3 92 6 91'2 
 90-9 87-8 86-2 85'5 84'6 84'3 84'3 83'8 83'3 827 82-2 81-2 80-2 79'2 831 86'3 89'0 90'0 92'3 93-2 92-5 91-8 917 9Q'3 
 89-0 87-3 851 84'5 84'0 83'3 821 801 79'3 79'0 78'S 78'0 771 76'3 80'3 83'8 86-5 891 90'3 90'6 91-5 91'3 90'9 89'8 
 88-6 86-4 84-4 83'6 831 82'3 80'5 797 79'5 78'4 77'3 767 761 761 78'8 82'8 857 88'9 89'8 911 91"G 91'3 90'9 90'5 
 
 QO.O QC.c; Q>|.Q QQ.c: Q'J.O QO-c: QO-Q Ql -Q SO-fi 
 
 867 
 86-3 
 86-4 
 86-5 
 84-5 
 83-9 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 
 ___ __ 791 79-2 79-3 79'3 79'2 81'3 84'6 88'4 89'3 911 93'2 941 931 92'8 91'5 
 89-6 87-3 847 837 83"2 831 82-5 82'3 82'3 81'9 81'5 81'3 811 811 83'3 844 86-3 888 90-3 91'6 92-3 91'9 91'3 91-3 
 89-5 87-3 851 84'3 83'3 83'0 82'6 82'3 82'3 81-8 81'3 811 80-8 80'5 82'8 86'2 89'3 90'5 91'3 92-3 92-3 92'3 90'6 90-3 
 87-5 86-3 84-9 84'2 83'5 83'3 82'7 82'5 82'3 82'5 827 82'1 81-5 81'3 81'8 86'5 88 2 91'5 92'5 95'4 941 93'8 92'5 91-8 
 88-1 86-9 85-1 84'5 84'2 83'5 83'4 83'3 83'3 82'9 82'6 82-5 82'3 82'0 83'5 87-3 90'8 93'7 93'2 93'5 93-3 94'0 92'5 911 
 89-9 86-8 857 85-4 84'9 85'0 84-7 841 837 83'6 83'5 831 827 827 84-5 87'1 91'0 93-3 94'0 94-3 94-2 94'2 92'0 86'3 
 
 85-4 
 857 
 86-0 
 86-5 
 87-0 
 87-4 
 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 oo 4 Bo o O4 o o4 U oo o oo 1 oo i o^ o 81 o 
 _______ 82-3 82-3 82-3 82-2 81-9 84-3 87-5 89-5 907 91-8 92-3 93-3 92-3 911 88-1 
 78-3 77-9 78-1 77'8 78-0 78'3 78'5 77'7 77'3 77'1 76-9 76'5 761 76'5 78-5 81'3 84'5 86'5 89'3 91'2 90-8 90'5 87'3 877 
 86-7 85-6 84-1 83'5 83'5 83'2 83'0 82'4 82'3 81'8 81-4 80'4 79'3 78'8 811 83'3 876 90-3 92-3 92-8 93'3 93'3 91-5 91-5 
 90'3 88-1 85-4 85'0 84-7 84'9 84'3 83'8 831 82'2 81'3 80'6 79-8 79'6 82'5 86'5 89'5 921 93'3 95'6 93'8 91'8 91'5 90-5 
 
 861 
 81-4 
 85-5 
 867 
 
 Means 
 
 88-1 86-2 84-3 83'7 83'3 83'0 82'6 82'0 817 81'3 80-9 80'4 79'8 79'5 81'5 84'9 87'8 90-1 9-1 -6 92'6 92'6 92-4 91'4 90'3 
 
 85-5 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
10 
 
 MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DRY STANDARD THERMOMETER Xo. 7 
 
 (Corrected to the Kcw Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Jottin^on 
 Menu Time 
 
 Soon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ; 
 
 "Hiilyand 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Marlras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h.ra. h. m. h. m. h. in. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h. in. h.m h.m. h. m Km. h. m. h m. h. m. h.m. h. m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 1.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 11.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 J.41 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 to 14 
 >o - 1 * 
 
 ^ ll 
 
 SH 16 
 
 2 17 
 
 a is 
 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 ' 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 89-3 87-8 86-0 85-5 85-5 85'4 85'2 84-3 83'3 83'3 83'3 83-2 S3'0 82'8 74-2 7-4-2 75-3 79-8 85'6 87-5 877 871 87'3 85'5 
 84-5 83-3 82-3 82'3 821 82'3 80-6 791 781 77'7 77'3 76-9 76'5 77'3 78'5 821 85'8 881 90'5 91-7 90'5 89'2 89'0 88'3 
 
 
 
 S3-8 
 83-1 
 
 85-5 
 86-3 
 86-2 
 86-7 
 86-9 
 87-4 
 
 881 
 88-8 
 89-8 
 89-6 
 83-8 
 82-2 
 
 82-0 
 78-8 
 79-3 
 81-3 
 816 
 83-3 
 
 851 
 86-2 
 87-1 
 87-3 
 89-0 
 89-8 
 
 86'8 84'8 84'3 84'1 b.i 5 83 o bd 6 b.3 i bci 1 
 _________ 80-3 80-4 80-5 80'5 S0'3 82-2 85'8 87'8 89'9 91-2 91-8 91-8 91-9 9 
 88-9 87-7 85-7 851 84'8 84-5 84'3 841 82-3 82-4 82'6 821 81-5 80'8 84'0 85'8 901 90'0 89'9 91-8 91'i 91-5 91'7 881) 
 87-4 86-5 85-5 85-2 851 84-8 84'3 841 82-5 82'0 81-5 80-9 80'3 80'3 83'0 857 88'8 90-8 91-3 91-8 91-7 92-3 91-8 9 
 90-3 87-5 85-8 85'2 84-6 84'5 84-4 84-1 83'5 82-9 82'3 81'8 81-3 81-5 84-3 85-3 88'3 921 93-3 93'3 91-4 921 90'C 
 89-5 86-4 85-8 85-4 85'3 84'5 84'3 83-3 83-3 8*9 82'5 82-4 82'2 82'2 83-7 86'8 89-6 90'3 92-3 92-9 93'8 92'0 92-3 907 
 90-7 87-3 85-7 85-2 84'8 84-5 84-1 84'0 84-0 83'6 83'2 82'9 82'5 82'3 85'0 88'2 90'0 93'3 931 92-9 93'3 92'3 92'5 91'8 
 
 90 - 9 89'0 86'3 85-6 84'7 84'5 84'4 84~3 84'3 
 _ _____ 83-7 83-5 83-3 831 83'2 85'3 87'4 90'7 94'3 95'8 95-2 95-1 94-2 93'3 93-3 
 92-5 89-3 86-4 86'0 86-5 851 85'0 84-7 84'3 83-8 83'3 82'8 82'3 82'5 84'8 88'3 92-3 95'0 97'4 97'2 96'2 96'0 95'4 94'2 
 92-8 89-3 86-6 86-2 85-7 85-5 85-3 85'3 85-5 85-3 851 84'7 84'2 83'4 85'3 88-5 92'3 95-7 98'4 101-2 100-1 98'0 96'4 93' 
 89-5 88-3 86-4 86'4 86-3 86'3 86-3 86'4 87'0 86-8 86'7 857 84'6 84'3 87'4 90'5 94'3 97'4 981 95'3 94'6 95'2 94'3 93'2 
 92-0 88-3 867 86'2 86'2 87'0 87-3 85'9 86'8 86'6 86-5 85-4 84'3 84'2 83'5 79'2 781 771 77'9 77'8 78'8 81'0 82'3 82'2 
 82-6 81-8 80-4 79'9 79'3 79'3 79'2 78'5 77"8 77'0 76-3 75'9 75'5 76'3 80'3 84;2 87"3 88'5 87'5 88'5 89'4 897 891 88'0 
 
 877 85 - 4 837 83'5 832 831 82'3 821 bA A 
 _________ 80-4 80-5 80-6 80'6 79'5 78'6 80-4 80'2 79'8 811 81'9 83'0 82'6 821 827 
 82-3 82-3 81-4 80'4 79'6 78'8 787 79-3 78'3 77'6 77'0 76'3 75'6 76'3 77'2 80'3 81'0 82'3 81'3 79'8 77'4 76'3 75'6 76'3 
 77-0 78-4 77-3 77'3 79'0 79'3 78'3 78'3 78'3 77'8 77-3 77'0 76'6 76'8 77'4 77'9 797 80'6 81'3 82'0 82'2 83'0 85-5 85'5 
 801 79-6 78-6 781 791 79-5 79-3 79'3 78'5 781 77-8 781 78-3 77'9 78'8 801 81-5 83'3 85-4 87'8 89'5 89'3 86'8 85'4 
 83-8 77-0 77-5 77'5 79'3 80'0 80'0 79'3 78'5 78'0 77'5 77'3 771 767 79'9 83'5 85'5 86'8 87'3 87"3 87-4 87'6 87'5 87'0 
 86-8 85-3 83-4 82-5 79'0 79'3 79-1 78'5 78'3 787 791 787 78'3 77'9 79'2 81'5 851 87'8 891 89'5 90'8 91'8 92'3 88'3 
 
 OO O OO 6 OO i OO O6 4 Oi 4 cW 4 O4 O 81 V 
 
 _ _ _ 80-8 80-5 80-2 79'8 797 80-5 83-3 85'0 87'5 90'3 91'8 93'5 931 92'8 921 
 91-3 89-5 87-0 86'2 84-8 841 83'5 82'3 81'9 81'4 80'9 80'3 79'6 79'2 80-1 83'6 87'5 897 90'4 921 93'2 93'4 93-8 92'3 
 91-9 87-5 87-6 87'2 847 83-5 83'3 83'3 83'3 82'6 82'0 817 81-3 81'8 83-2 86'8 88'3 90'5 92-8 95'2 96'0 94'3 90'5 901 
 89-4 87-8 85-5 84-8 84'9 851 84'3 83'8 84-0 83'2 82'5 82'0 81-5 81'5 82-8 85'3 88'2 90'6 921 941 95'2 95'2 95'2 951 
 94-3 92-5 907 88'5 88'3 87'3 86'6 857 85'3 847 841 83'5 82'8 82-4 84-1 857 87'6 90'5 93'6 95'4 96'ft 95'8 96'0 95'3 
 93-8 93-0 907 89-9 8'2 87'5 87'5 86'3 86'3 85'4 84'5 84'3 841 837 84'5 86'5 89'5 907 927 94'8 97"4 97'4 98'4 97'9 
 
 Means | 88'2 86'2 84'6 841 837 83'5 83'2 82'8 82'4 81'8 81'5 81-1 807 80'6 31'8 84-1 86'5 88-6 90-0 90-8 91-1 90-9 90'5 89'6| 85'4 
 
 May 31 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 g 
 8 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 8 is 
 
 2 14 
 
 w ^ 
 
 55 If 
 
 - !! 
 
 H 
 
 2( 
 21 
 25 
 25 
 24 
 2; 
 2( 
 2; 
 2 
 2 
 3C 
 
 %-i o^'O QO-7 Qn-a on-i OK-^ RS-O 87-3 87-1 
 
 89-8 
 901 
 86-2 
 86-0 
 86-3 
 88-3 
 
 89-0 
 90-6 
 89-9 
 88-3 
 90-6 
 89-7 
 
 88-2 
 88-5 
 88-8 
 88-8 
 87-2 
 83-5 
 
 85-0 
 87-1 
 86-8 
 839 
 85-7 
 87-6 
 
 88-3 
 86-4 
 
 84-8 84-2 83-6 83'0 821 82-6 851 88-3 90'3 931 94'3 96'4 97'0 967 98-4 
 96-5 94-8 91-6 91-3 90'8 90'6 89'0 88'4 86'8 86'3 85'8 84-9 84-0 82'9 84'5 87'6 89'3 911 92'2 937 957 96'8 96'2 92'3 
 90-3 87-5 84-8 84'5 82-9 82-3 82-2 821 82'5 82'4 82'3 817 811 80'5 82'8 85'3 86'8 88'3 92'2 92'5 93'8 93'3 93'9 93-9 
 93-0 90-6 87-7 86-4 85-6 85'5 85-3 83'3 82'8 82'0 81'3 81'4 81'5 81-3 821 82'5 84'4 86'5 88'3 89'5 921 91'5 89'2 89'3 
 87-3 85-6 84-7 841 83-4 83-2 82'8 82'3 82'3 82-0 81'8 81-3 807 80'5 81'5 85'0 881 90'9 92'3 94'3 94'0 95'2 95'2 93-8 
 92-5 92-0 90-0 88'3 87'1 86'3 85'8 85'3 85'8 83'7 81'7 82-4 83'0 83-1 83-3 85'3 87'3 89'3 91'7 93'3 94'9 95'9 95-2 95'1 
 94 - 6 87'6 86'3 85'6 85'6 85'5 84'3 83'9 83'3 - 
 
 - _____ 87-4 85-8 84-2 82'5 82'5 83'5 88'4 91'2 93'3 94'3 95'5 95'4 98'2 98'5 98'9 
 96-0 951 88-4 88'3 88'3 89'5 88'8 87-5 86'8 86-0 85'3 841 81'8 81-6 85-3 88.6 911 93-0 95'2 97'2 98'2 98'2 98'9 99-0 
 97-2 97-0 90-3 87-3 86'3 87'3 87-3 87-1 86-5 86'0 85'5 85-0 84'5 84'3 84-2 87'1 90'3 91-9 934 95'2 957 96'5 97-2 951 
 92-8 92-8 88-1 85'8 84'5 85'3 84'6 83'5 82'8 82'8 82-8 82-5 82-1 82'2 83-0 85-0 88-1 91'6 93'5 95-4 96'7 98'2 97'2 97'0 
 95-6 92-3 91-1 897 89'8 89'5 89'3 88'9 87-3 86'3 85'4 84-4 83'3 83'3 84-6 88'2 90'3 92-5 941 951 972 99'0 98'2 98-2 
 98-2 98-0 951 85'4 87-1 85'8 86'3 86'0 86-1 85'3 84-5 83'9 83'3 83'3 84'3 88'6 90'5 92'8 94-2 96'0 97'4 95'2 93'5 91-3 
 941 91'0 86-5 86'5 85'0 84'0 83'3 8T5 8T3 
 
 82-5 821 81-7 81-2 811 83-9 86'8 89-3 91-5 941 95'9 97'8 99'2 98'9 981 
 91-8 88-9 87-4 861 85'0 83'3 84-3 83'5 82-7 821 8V5 81-9 82'3 821 84'1 86-3 88'8 91-9 94-1 97'0 98'0 99"! 100-4 100-7 
 97-7 95-7 890 87'6 86-7 86'0 84-3 83'0 82'8 821 81'5 81'3 811 81'3 81-6 87'4 90-5 92-3 945 96-2 97-9 99-4 97-5 94-3 
 92-9 90-4 87-5 86'2 85'5 84'8 84'9 84-8 840 83'2 82-5 82'2 81-9 81'5 84-3 88'3 90'8 92-3 94-4 96'4 99-9 99-2 981 94'5 
 92-3 91-1 88-3 871 86'4 85'8 85'3 85-3 83-3 82-9 82-6 82-5 82-3 81-6 82'4 85 3 88'1 89-3 90-5 90'9 91-0 92'2 92'5 92'8 
 > 92-7 88-8 86-5 85'9 85-1 84-6 84-3 84'3 83'8 80'8 77'8 78'0 78-2 78'3 78'2 79'3 78'3 79'8 83'3 85'4 86'3 87'3 88-0 88'2 
 87-8 86-3 84-3 82-9 82'3 82'0 81'5 8L-0 80-3 ___ _ __ _ 
 ! - 81-0 80-5 80-0 79'5 80'2 81-0 82-0 84'3 87'3 88'5 911 91'8 93-6 951 94'8 
 , 89-3 87-5 85-5 85'3 84'3 84-4 83-7 83'6 83'0 82-9 82'8 82-5 82-2 81'5 82-3 85'3 90'7 90'9 92'6 93-8 96'2 95-4 92'3 92'2 
 , 91-2 88-6 85-7 854 85-3 84-7 84-2 81-5 82-8 82-4 821 81-6 811 80'6 83-2 86-5 88'1 90'5 92-5 93'3 95-2 93-1 92-1 90-3 
 > 88-2 86-5 85-2 84'5 84-2 84'1 83'3 83'3 83'2 81-3 79'5 78'5 77'5 77'5 78-3 791 811 83'3 86-4 88'4 90-5 91-5 90-1 88'6 
 i 88-4 86-1 83-5 83'3 83-2 83-0 81-9 81-9 81'4 81-3 81'3 80'7 80-1 79'4 81'8 851 89'2 90'3 933 93'6 94-5 92'3 90'5 91-3 
 ' 90-1 87'8 86-5 84'7 84-4 83'8 83-3 83'1 82-7 82'5 82'4 82'3 821 81-5 83'3 871 89 3 91'5 937 94-5 96'4 97-4 98'2 94'9 
 ! 93-5 91-8 88-3 86'5 86 3 85-5 85-2 84-8 84'2 - _____ 
 - 84-0 83-5 83-0 82-5 82-5 84-6 87-2 897 92'3 94'3 967 941 93'0 93-3 92-4 
 ) 92-0 89-3 86-6 85'9 85'4 85'6 84'8 83'8 79-2 79-3 79-5 79-2 78'8 79'1 81'5 853 87'5 89'5 92'2 94-3 95-3 ^5.4 92 -8 90-5 
 
 Means | 92'8 907 87'8 86'4 85'8 S5~4 84'9 84'3 83'6 83'2 82-5 82-1 81'6 81'4 82'8 85-7 881 90'2 92'3 93-8 951 95-5 95'0 941 877 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 11 
 
 
 DRY STANDARD THERMOMETER No. 7 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 (ruttni (r eii 
 
 XT T" 
 
 Noon 12 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. Ji. m. h.m h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h. m h m 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12,41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.11 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.11 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Menus 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 87-6 87-3 861 85'2 84'8 84'3 84-3 82'3 82-3 821 820 8L9 81'8 81'3 80-5 81-3 83'2 85-6 87'3 90'2 91'5 92-5 93-5 931 
 82-8 82-3 82-3 82'3 S0'6 S1'3 811 81'3 80'8 81'0 81'2 81'0 80'8 80'3 80'8 81 -5 85'5 89'3 897 89'6 89'5 90'3 90'3 90'3 
 89-3 85'5 84-4 84'0 83.8 83'3 83'0 81'2 80'4 79'8 79'3 78'9 78'5 78'5 79'5 81'5 84'2 85-4 87'5 88'8 89'5 89'6 91-5 92'0 
 92-3 86'8 84-5 841 83'4 83-0 83'3 83'0 81-3 80'2 79'2 78'3 77'3 77'5 77'8 79'0 831 85'3 87'5 89'2 90-3 90'4 91'3 88'3 
 8tr8 86'2 837 83 - 2 82'8 821 8 - 6 80'4 801 
 
 O 
 
 85-5 
 84-0 
 841 
 84-0 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 81'4 80-8 80-2 79'5 79'3 80-5 82'3 86'5 87'5 89'5 89'8 89'9 88'8 87'5 87-4 
 87-5 86-3 84-3 83 3 827 82'5 797 78'6 78'8 78'6 78-4 78'6 78'8 791 79'5 81-6 81-8 831 86'6 90'8 93'8 92'3 94'4 93'8 
 94-8 87-8 84-2 84'4 84'2 83'5 833 83'0 82'5 82'3 821 81'8 81-5 81-2 82'2 861 891 91 8 93'3 951 97-0 92-8 84'3 82'3 
 83-3 84-3 83-1 81'6 80'5 80'3 801 801 80'0 79'6 79'2 78'9 78'5 787 79'3 81-5 84'5 85'8 88'6 91'0 92'3 92-5 90'8 90'3 
 901 86-3 84-4 841 831 80'4 79'3 79'3 79'3 79'3 79'3 79'2 791 79'2 79-8 831 85'4 87'8 89'3 91'5 91'3 91-3 92'3 90'8 
 88-3 86-8 85-3 84-3 83'5 82'5 81-8 817 817 807 79'8 79'5 791 78'8 80'5 83'3 87'0 90'0 91'2 92'3 92'3 94'3 92'3 91'5 
 861 85'3 84'5 82'3 8T6 81'2 80'6 80'0 78-0 
 
 84-0 
 84-0 
 86-3 
 83-5 
 84-4 
 85-4 
 
 13 
 
 co 14 
 
 iO IK. 
 
 oo - 1 " 
 ^ 16 
 
 (H 17 
 
 E 11 
 
 80-5 80-3 801 79-8 79'5 81'3 85'3 86'2 88'5 91'6 93'4 94'3 95'3 96'4 967 
 96-0 92-3 901 89'2 88-4 87-5 86'5 85'5 84'3 83'9 83'5 831 82'6 82'4 83'3 84'8 86'3 88'8 903 91'9 931 93'8 941 94-3 
 931 92-4 90'4 86-5 86'3 86-3 85-8 84-8 84-4 83'8 83-3 831 82'8 82'6 83'5 84'8 88'6 91'5 92'2 94'2 94'9 95'4 967 97'2 
 94-8 921 88-5 87'3 871 85'3 85'5 84'2 817 81'5 81-4 81'4 81'3 81'4 831 85'3 86'9 891 91'5 91'9 94'0 95'5 977 97'4 
 92-8 90-5 87-5 87'3 857 85'5 851 851 84'3 837 831 831 83'0 82-4 85'9 88'3 89'5 91'5 93'3 95'2 96'4 98'0 95'4 93'9 
 92-6 89-6 86-8 86'2 85-5 85'3 843 84'3 84-3 83'2 821 81-6 811 80'8 82'5 87-2 89'8 91'5 93'5 95'4 98'0 98'5 93'2 90'9 
 911 901 86'8 86'3 85'3 84' 84'5 841 8-8 
 
 85-4 
 
 88-2 
 88-5 
 877 
 88-6 
 87-8 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 
 83-6 83-6 83-6 83'5 83'3 83-5 84-2 85-3 87'4 901 91'8 91-8 92'3 917 90'6 
 89-4 8S'3 87-3 87'0 8G'9 86'3 86'2 84-6 84'5 84'5 84'5 83-8 831 81'4 81-9 83'3 861 87'9 89'5 92'5 95-4 951 95'4 93'5 
 92-5 921 911 89-5 88'6 87'3 86'2 85'3 851 84'8 84'5 82'9 81-3 79'5 82-5 86'3 88'3 91'6 92'8 951 95-2 967 9C'4 97'2 
 96-2 94-4 92'4 88'0 86-6 871 86'3 86'3 861 84'9 837 83'0 82-3 81'4 82'9 86'5 891 90'2 90'5 93'0 947 96'2 96-8 95-5 
 947 937 92-2 87'6 86-5 85-9 857 84'5 84-8 84'5 84'3 83'4 82'4 821 82'6 84'5 861 87'5 89'3 91'3 92'3 92'8 93-3 93'3 
 931 92-0 87-2 81'0 838 83'6 83-4 83'2 82'3 82'4 82'5 82'5 82'5 823 831 851 87'5 89'5 90'2 90'8 93'2 93'9 961 95'3 
 95 p 931 90'3 88'0 85'0 817 84'3 84'0 0'4 
 
 86-8 
 87-4 
 88-9 
 88-9 
 877 
 871 
 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 80-6 80 5 80-4 80'3 79'3 81-3 85'2 88'5 90'2 921 941 96'0 967 93-2 89'8 
 88'3 86-8 85-5 801 78'2 791 79 3 781 77'9 780 78'2 77'9 77"6 77 6 791 82'3 83'5 85'3 88'2 89'9 911 92'3 891 87'9 
 85-5 83-3 80-6 82'2 79'6 77'5 78'2 78'3 781 78'2 78'3 781 77'9 781 78'3 791 80-5 81'5 831 84-2 85'0 86'8 86'5 85'6 
 85'5 83-3 82-3 81-5 80-5 75'8 7(V3 75-8 76'3 76-3 76'3 76'3 76'3 76'3 77'3 78-3 820 84'3 85'6 87-4 877 901 887 89D 
 87-5 86-2 767 77'0 77'5 78-2 78'5 78-3 78'3 781 78-0 777 77'4 77-3 77'8 79-3 821 84'5 86'5 881 89'3 89'8 891 891 
 
 87'2 
 83-0 
 81-0 
 81-2 
 81-8 
 
 Means 
 
 90-3 88-3 860 847 83'8 831 827 821 81'5 81'4 811 80'8 80'4 801 811 83-485-8 87'9 897 91'4 92'6 931 92'5 917 
 
 85-6 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 87-3 85-8 84-4 79'0 79'3 78'9 791 79'3 79'3 79'0 78-8 78'6 78'3 77 7 79'3 81'9 83'3 85'5 87'8 887 90'5 90'3 91'5 92'4 
 91'6 90'3 86'1 84-1 3-9 S'3 S0'9 0'6 80'S 
 
 83-2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 
 
 
 81-5 80-7 79-9 79-1 78'3 79-3 81-2 83'8 85'3 86'8 88'3 89'5 90'4 91-5 91'5 
 91-1 89-3 85-3 83-9 83'3 83'1 82'8 82'3 82-2 81'8 81-5 811 807 79-3 79'8 82-1 851 87'3 891 91'6 92-0 92-7 93'2 88'0 
 86-1 84-9 83-2 82'6 82'3 82'2 82'3 82'2 81'8 81-3 80'8 S0'8 80-8 79'6 80'3 81-3 82'8 84'3 S5'8 87'9 89'9 0'5 88'8 88'2 
 86-3 85-3 83-3 82'5 82-3 82'0 81-5 81'3 81'3 80'3 79-3 79'3 79'3 78'3 78'3 78'5 80'8 85-1 86'0 87'2 89'3 91'5 89'0 891 
 89-5 87-8 84-4 83'4 82-7 82'3 82'1 817 81'3 80-9 80'5 80'3 801 79'3 81'8 83'3 86'2 88'6 91'0 92-2 93'5 93-6 91'7 91~2 
 90-0 88-2 85-4 84'4 83'6 83'4 831 83'2 831 82'3 8l'5 81'3 811 80'6 821 83'6 87'5 90'3 92-8 92'8 90'5 91'3 911 90'3 
 89' 87'3 85'0 841 83'9 81'3 81'3 81'0 S0'5 
 
 84-5 
 85-4 
 83-8 
 83-2 
 85-4 
 86-0 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 s B 
 
 00 - . 
 
 1-1 14 
 H 15 
 
 SO lfi 
 
 80-5 80-4 80-5 80-6 80-5 81-6 84-8 87-3 89-3 90-8 93-5 93-8 92-5 91-6 91-5 
 89-6 87-9 85-4 84-3 84-0 83'3 83-3 83'3 83'4 82'G 81'8 80'5 791 78'3 801 84-2 871 89-5 92'3 94'6 88'3 86'3 89'6 90'6 
 907 87-5 85-3 84'3 83'3 827 82'5 817 81-8 81-5 81'3 80'9 80'4 80'0 81'2 84-2 86'4 87'4 89'2 91'4 93'3 91'6 917 89-6 
 88-5 86-3 83-9 83'5 83'4 83'0 82-4 821 8l'o S1'2 80'9 80'6 80'3 80'0 80'5 841 86'3 87-3 89-4 89'5 91-8 88'3 88'3 89'6 
 87-8 85-3 84-0 83'3 82-3 8L-3 80'3 79'6 787 78'5 78'3 77'8 77'3 771 78'2 79'3 81'2 83'5 85'3 881 88'9 90'0 89-5 89'5 
 88-5 86-1 83-5 83'5 831 83'0 81'0 80'4 80'3 79'8 79'3 79'2 79'0 78'5 811 84'3 86'3 88'3 897 91'3 92'6 93'2 93'5 89'6 
 88'5 87' 85'S 85* S4 v l ^I'l 83*3 82' 8 8*3 - ... 
 
 85-5 
 85-4 
 85-4 
 847 
 827 
 84-8 
 
 tj lo 
 
 5 17 
 t> 18 
 "* 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 
 4M 
 
 777 77-6 77-5 77'4 77'6 77-4 77'6 77'6 78'2 80'3 80'9 821 821 82'5 82'6 
 82-5 82-3 81-2 80'4 80'2 80'3 80'2 801 79-3 77-2 751 75'6 761 76'3 76'8 767 78'0 80'6 80'5 82'3 83'4 84'3 84'5 84'5 
 83-5 82-2 81-3 77'5 77'4 77'5 77'8 77'5 77'2 767 76'3 76'3 76'2 76'3 77"! 781 79'6 81'3 83'4 86'0 86'3 85'6 85-4 861 
 85-3 841 82-3 79-0 77'9 767 76-5 767 76-5 76-4 76'3 76'3 76'3 76-5 77'5 79'5 82'8 841 86'2 87'3 88'2 88'5 881 871 
 84-9 841 81-6 81'3 821 821 8J-5 81'2 80'3 79'5 78'8 787 78'6 787 79'2 82'5 83'8 86'5 87'8 89-3 89'6 90'4 90'3 90'5 
 88-5 85-4 83-8 82-8 82'5 82'2 81'5 80'9 811 79'6 781 77'5 76'8 77'3 78'3 82'2 83'9 85'6 87'8 88'0 88'3 87'2 871 86'3 
 86*0 S3' 5 S'^ SI'S RO'^ 7S' 77'377'377*1 * 
 
 81-4 
 79-9 
 801 
 811 
 83-5 
 83-0 
 
 24 
 25 
 
 26 
 27 
 
 28 
 29 
 
 Qfl 
 
 ___ _ 78-4 78-3 78-4 78'5 78'3 78'3 79'3 81'3 84-5 85-6 87-2 89'3 89'0 90-5 88'5 
 86-5 85-2 841 83'5 82'4 82'5 82'3 82'0 801 797 79'3 77'6 75-8 761 77'0 78'8 80'3 82'8 851 871 881 89'2 897 87-3 
 86-5 841 82-5 82'4 82"0 78'6 77'5 77'3 77'0 76'9 76'8 76'9 77-0 77'3 77'5 77'2 78'8 79'4 78'4 78'3 79'6 81-2 83'0 84'2 
 851 83-6 81-3 801 79'2 78'8 787 78'2 78'5 78'4 78'3 77'9 77'5 77'4 78'0 801 81-4 83'5 85'5 S7'3 88'5 88-2 88'3 88'0 
 85-8 83-8 831 82'4 82'3 82 1 77'5 77'3 76'8 77'2 777 77'5 77'3 77'3 77'6 79'3 80'8 81'8 81'4 817 83-5 85'0 85'2 84'5 
 83-4 82-3 81-0 80'3 79'6 79'3 79'3 787 78'5 781 77'8 77'6 77'3 76'9 77'5 78'8 811 83'3 84'6 84'3 847 83'8 83'8 83'0 
 
 821 
 82-6 
 79-6 
 817 
 80-8 
 80-6 
 
 oU 
 
 31 
 
 _ _ 79-7 79-3 78-9 78'5 78'3 78'5 791 80'5 S1'4 83'2 841 84-3 847 84'5 85'0 
 
 807 
 
 Means 
 
 [871 85-4 83-5 82'3 81-8 81'2 80'5 80'3 79'9 79'5 79'0 787 78'4 781 79'0 80'8 82'8 84'8 86'4 877 88'5 88'5 88'6 88'0 
 
 83-0 
 
 ' The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
12 
 
 MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 DRY STANDARD THERMOMETER No. 7 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 * * 
 
 ooo oo ooooooooooooooooooo 
 83-6 82-5 81-5 811 80'5 80'3 79'3 79'3 79'2 78.7 78-3 781 77'8 77-7 78'5 81'3 84'1 84'5 85'3 86'8 89'4 91-5 92-2 91-3 
 90-3 88-8 85-6 84'5 841 83'2 821 81'5 81'2 801 79'0 787 78'3 78'0 78'3 81'3 82-5 8.r3 86'8 88'5 90'3 91'8 90'6 921 
 91-5 89-5 86-5 85'5 84-9 84'3 83'5 8'2'5 81'3 807 80'2 80'2 801 79-4 79'9 82'5 84-3 86'5 881 90'5 90'8 92'3 92-2 92'6 
 92-2 89-9 87-7 86'3 85'4 85'0 83'4 81'5 82'5 82'2 82'0 82'0 82'0 80'5 81'5 837 86'3 881 89'6 91'3 917 891 89'6 89'2 
 881 86-3 841 83'5 83'5 83'5 83'0 82'8 81-9 82'0 821 81'8 81'5 81-0 81'3 84-2 86'9 89-3 89'5 91-0 91'8 91'5 917 90'3 
 
 Cft-Q Q7-Q 8^-9 GA-7 ftd.-ti WA- ^ QQ-".. ft'-i- 1 } Q9-S 
 
 82.6 
 84-3 
 85-4 
 85-9 
 85-5 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 <o 11 
 S 12 
 
 i- 1 1Q 
 
 81-2 80-6 80-0 79-3 78'8 79'5 82'3 861 88'2 901 91-2 92'8 901 90'5 91-4 
 88-3 86-8 861 85-3 84-3 84-0 83* 82-6 82-2 811 801 797 79'3 78'6 79'0 82-3 851 87'3 89'3 90'6 91-5 91-6 91-9 91-6 
 89-2 87-0 84-4 84'0 84'0 83'3 82'3 81'9 811 80'8 80* 79-9 79'3 78'8 79'9 83* 85-8 87* 89.5 91* 92'6 93'9 93'9 941 
 93-5 897 86-5 85* 847 84'3 83'2 82'3 81'4 81'4 81-5 81'2 80'8 80'4 80'4 82* 851 87* 89* 90'4 91'8 93'3 92* 91:2 
 89-5 88-3 86-5 85'4 84'4 82-2 81'8 81"8 831 83-0 82'9 S2'4 81'9 81-3 811 82'5 85'6 87'3 89'3 90'3 90'3 90'5 91'0 91-8 
 90-9 88-6 86-5 847 84'5 83'5 83'3 82'5 82'2 81'8 81'5 81'4 81-3 81-3 8t'5 84'3 86-2 89'3 90-5 91'8 9V3 897 90'3 897 
 88-fi 88-0 87-4 Rfi-7 R*)-? 8V> 8^-0 82-8 81-0 - 
 
 85-3 
 851 
 85-4 
 85-9 
 85-6 
 85-8 
 
 SEPTEMBER 
 
 c .- 
 DTOCo-vjosori^c 
 
 82-0 811 80-2 79-3 78'8 78-4 79-5 82'8 83'3 841 86'3 88'5 90'3 881 8G'4 
 84-3 83-3 82-4 81'4 82'5 82'5 821 817 81-2 80'6 801 787 77'3 77-8 78'5 77-5 817 85'4 86'5 87'4 89-0 88'3 90'3 89'8 
 89-5 86-6 84-6 84rO 83'3 82'5 82'2 817 81-5 81-0 80'5 801 79-6 791 79'6 83-2 84'5 S6'5 88'3 89-2 901 90'5 92'3 89-3 
 877 85-8 84-0 82-8 821 81 '5 81'3 811 81'0 81-0 811 80'6 801 79'3 79'6 83'3 861 881 89'2 90'3 91-8 93'3 93'4 891 
 88-3 86-3 847 84-4 84'2 83'6 83'3 82-6 82'4 81'8 81'3 80'8 80'2 79'5 80'3 83'3 85'5 88'2 897 90'5 91'3 92'8 91'3 90'3 
 89-5 87-3 85-5 84'5 84'0 83'5 83'3 82'6 81-8 81'0 80'2 80'2 80'2 80'3 81-2 83'2 85'5 89'8 90'4 91'3 90'3 91'0 92'8 91-5 
 8/-0 86-5 84-5 84-S 8S'S 831 82-5 82'4 82'2 - 
 
 84-2 
 82-9 
 84-6 
 84-7 
 85-3 
 85-5 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 
 79-6 79-5 79-4 79'3 79-5 80'3 83'5 861 87-3 89'2 91'3 91-2 90'5 90'9 901 
 88-2 85-6 84-4 841 83'5 82'8 82'3 817 80'8 80'5 80'2 80'3 80'3 79-6 801 84-5 871 89'2 91'5 937 931 88'3 83'4 85'5 
 861 85-6 84-2 83-4 827 817 81'5 811 80-5 80-4 80'4 79'8 791 79'2 79'4 80'3 81'2 85'6 89'5 88'5 87'8 87 5 87'3 861 
 85'3 84-2 82-5 82'2 82-4 82'4 81'9 81-5 811 79-9 78'8 78'5 781 77-9 77'5 78-5 79'5 821 84'4 86'8 87-3 88'6 89'4 887 
 86-3 847 83-0 821 81-3 81'2 80'5 79-9 80'3 801 80'0 791 781 77'3 78'5 79'2 81'5 85'3 871 88'8 89'4 89'6 88'9 88'2 
 85-8 84-3 83-2 831 82-4 80'3 77'6 77'3 78-3 78'2 781 77'8 77'5 77'2 781 80'8 831 861 877 90'3 92'5 88'8 90'5 88'9 
 861 84'5 81-6 81'2 811 80'8 80'6 80'6 80'5 
 
 84-8 
 84-6 
 83-3 
 82-5 
 82-9 
 82-8 
 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 77-9 777 77'5 77-3 77-3 76-3 76-3 76-5 79'3 81-8 84-5 85-8 87'3 87-6 88-3 
 87-5 84-3 82-3 81'3 807 80.3 79-5 79'2 78'3 78'3 78'3 77'9 77'5 77'6 79'5 81"5 84'6 86'3 88'2 87-8 881 87-3 87'6 87'8 
 86-9 84-8 83-3 82-9 82'6 82'3 82'2 82'0 82'2 817 81"3 80'9 80'5 77'2 777 80'6 82'9 851 87'0 891 90'3 90'6 88'6 881 
 
 81-2 
 82-6 
 83-8 
 
 Means 
 
 88-3 86-4 84-5 83'8 83'3 82'8 821 81'5 81'2 807 80%3 79'9 79'5 79-0 79'5 81'8 841 86'5 88'2 89'6 90'4 90'4 90'3 897 
 
 84-3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 & 
 
 4 
 
 86-3 851 837 81'3 82'8 82'3 821 82'3 75'5 76'3 771 76'5 75'8 76'0 771 78'6 827 85-5 87'3 891 89'3 89'2 88'4 88'0 
 86-8 84-8 83-3 82-2 81'5 82-8 821 82'2 811 79'9 787 78'5 78'3 78'3 78'8 81-5 84'8 86 3 79 5 791 83'4 86'3 87'3 861 
 84-4 79-5 78-3 781 781 781 78'0 77'5 77'3 77'3 77'3 77'0 767 77'3 78-6 80-3 83'0 84'8 88'8 89'3 89'2 87'3 871 86'9 
 85'4 83'3 82'6 81'6 807 80'5 79'5 79'2 79'2 - 
 
 82-5 
 82-2 
 81-3 
 
 e 
 
 *. 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 79-2 79-2 791 790 78'3 797 81-0 83'6 85-8 87'5 88'3 88-8 891 88-4 87'2 
 86-3 84-8 83-9 83-4 82'6 82'3 80'4 79'8 79'3 79'3 79-3 78'9 78'5 78'3 79'0 821 84'8 86'3 86'5 877 88'3 88'3 88'3 88'2 
 86-8 851 837 82-4 82'4 81'5 81'0 80'4 80-2 79'9 79-6 79'5 79-4 79-4 79'6 80'4 81-3 82-0 82'5 84'5 86'5 851 85'3 8V1 
 84-4 83-3 82-3 81-8 81-5 81'2 81-2 80'6 78'3 777 771 77'2 77'3 76'3 75-8 761 75'8 76-3 76'8 77-5 78'3 78'5 79'1 79-2 
 78-9 78-3 77-6 77-4 771 771 76'8 76-5 76'8 766 76'5 76'8 77'0 77'3 77-5 76-3 77-3 78'8 79'8 81'3 82'2 8"-3 81-3 80'3 
 801 791 78-4 78-5 781 77-5 771 76-4 761 76-0 76'0 75-3 74'5 74'4 751 77-3 80'0 82-4 84'9 86-4 88'2 891 89-5 89-1 
 881 851 82-3 80'6 80'0 79'9 79'3 79'0 78'8 
 
 82-8 
 83-2 
 82'2 
 78-9 
 78-2 
 80-0 
 
 <o 12 
 
 13 
 
 ~< 14 
 
 tf 15 
 W 16 
 W in 
 
 17 
 
 H 18 
 
 78-5 78-3 77-8 77-2 76'5 77'6 80-5 83'4 85'4 877 891 89'9 8-7 89'3 88'6 
 87-2 85-0 82-5 80-9 79'9 78'3 77-5 76'5 76-3 76'4 76'5 76'0 75'5 75-3 77-5 81-2 837 86'3 88 3 887 89'2 88-2 887 88-0 
 86-5 84-4 82-5 81-2 797 791 781 77-9 77-5 76-9 76-3 75'8 75'3 75-3 77'0 80-5 83'3 85'6 871 89'3 89'5 89'5 901 88-6 
 871 84-8 82-5 81-5 811 791 78'3 77'4 781 77'6 771 76'8 76'4 761 77'8 80'6 833 85'8 87'5 89'3 91-3 80-S 88-S 87-S 
 86-5 84-3 831 82-2 80-2 797 79-0 78-3 777 77'0 76-3 76'2 76'0 75'3 77-6 80-8 83'2 85-4 88'2 883 88'5 88-9 88-1 fifl-fi 
 85-3 83-3 82-6 82-3 81-5 80-6 797 79'5 79'3 79'2 791 79-2 79-3 78'9 77-6 79-6 81-3 82-8 837 85'8 85-4 84-2 83-2 82-8 
 73-9 741 74-2 73-8 737 737 74-4 74'8 751 - 
 
 82-6 
 81-8 
 82-0 
 82-3 
 82-0 
 81'5 
 
 8 i9 8 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 
 76-3 77-5 77-5 77'5 77'4 78-5 80'5 82'9 84'2 85'4 86'3 86'4 88'3 88'4 85^8 
 84-5 83-2 807 79-5 78-5 76'6 76'3 76'3 76-3 757 75'2 751 74-9 74-4 757 79-3 82'3 84-8 861 87'5 87'6 87-8 85-8 8fi^ 
 851 82-5 80-3 80-3 79-3 777 771 76'6 77-2 767 76-3 75-9 75-4 75-3 77-0 80'0 831 85-2 86'8 881 88 8Q-8 87-7 W-q 
 86-0 83-2 817 80'3 79-8 791 78-9 78'8 787 78'0 77-4 76-5 75'5 751 76-4 79'2 817 851 861 88'5 88-8 8fi-8 8fi-^ sl-7 
 837 82-8 80-4 791 78-3 78'3 781 76-6 76-4 767 77-0 771 77'2 761 77-4 80-5 83'0 85-4 871 88'8 87-9 86-8 87-4 8fi-^ 
 84-6 83-9 81-0 79-9 79'3 78-5 78-1 76'8 76-1 76-2 76'3 75'8 75'3 74-3 761 801 83'3 84-3 86-0 87'3 87-2 87-2 Rfi-? 8r-l 
 84-5 82-9 81-5 81'2 80'7 80'3 80-1 78'2 75-5 - 
 
 79-2 
 80'4 
 81-2 
 81-3 
 81-2 
 80-8 
 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 74-7 74-0 73-3 72-6 71-8 73'9 78'4 81'5 82-9 84-0 85-4 85'3 8^2 846 84* 
 82-3 81-6 80-3 80-0 79-7 78'4 77-3 75-8 75'3 74-6 73-9 73'7 73'4 72-5 73-4 77 8 821 83-8 847 86-5 86-S fi'l 8?-S fiT-fl 
 83-3 81-9 81-1 80-5 80-1 79-0 76-5 76'3 75'3 75'2 75-1 74-3 73-5 73'3 75-2 78-5 81'9 84-0 86-0 87'S 87-8 87-8 87-S ftt'l 
 84-3 83-1 81-7 81-2 80-3 78-2 77-3 76-8 76-5 76-4 76-3 76-2 76'0 75'0 77-1 80-1 82'8 85-4 87 3 88-9 87-Q 88-^ 88-A 87-7 
 85-5 84-2 82-5 82-2 81-3 S0'6 79'3 78'5 76'9 757 74-6 741 73'5 73'0 75'0 79'2 82-3 85-3 87-7 88'3 87-8 f M'S 8R-8 
 85-6 83-5 82-3 81-5 81'2 80-5 79'9 78'4 77-3 76'3 75-3 75'3 75'3 75'8 77-5 811 82'9 84-6 86-2 87 7 87'4 871 86'0 86'3 
 
 79-9 
 79-6 
 80-3 
 81-4 
 81-2 
 81-5 
 
 Means | 
 
 84-6 82 9 81-4 80-6 80'0 79'3 78-6 781 77'3 77'0 76'8 76'5 76-2 75-8 77'0 79'7 82'3 84'2 85'5 86-9 87'3 87-2 86'8 86-1 
 
 81-2 
 
 
 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 13 
 
 
 DRY STANDARD THERMOMETER No. 7 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. b. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. li. m. h. m. h. m. h m h. m. h. m h m h m. h-m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 13.41 20.41 21.41 23.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 i.41 3.4l' 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 1 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 84'5 82-8 82'2 817 811 80'5 79-5 78'2 76'9 
 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 78-5 80-1 78-8 77'5 76'8 78'0 80-8 81'8 79-5 81'5 82'5 83'4 84'8 84-5 84-4 
 82-9 81-4 81-2 811 807 80'6 80'5 79-7 79'3 79'0 78'8 76'9 75'0 74'9 76'3 791 83'5 84 5 85'2 85-3 85'6 85'0 84'3 84'0 
 82 6 81-5 80-8 80'5 80'0 79'4 78'9 76-7 75'3 74-8 74'4 73-9 73 4 74'4 75'2 77'5 81'J 83-2 847 861 84'5 84'4 83*8 83'5 
 82-0 80-5 79-6 79'5 79'2 78'5 78-0 77'5 77'3 74-4 71'6 71 '4 71-1 70'4 71"6 767 80'8 842 84'5 84"8 85'0 85-1 84-3 83'6 
 82-6 80-3 78-8 77'0 758 747 74-2 730 72'2 71'3 70'4 69'9 69'4 687 71-2 75-8 801 82'5 83'4 *3'3 84-1 83'6 83'5 831 
 82-3 80-5 79-5 79-4 78'5 77'3 76'3 75-3 73'6 73'3 731 73'2 73'2 72'5 731 76-7 81-1 827 84-5 85-5 861 85'3 85-0 84'3 
 S9-3 Rl-9 RO-^ 80-0 799 79'3 79-3 77-' 1 ! 77-1 
 
 80-8 
 81-0 
 79-6 
 
 788 
 77-0 
 
 78-8 
 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 to 12 
 o? 13 
 14 
 
 <A IK. 
 
 76-3 75-5 75-0 74-4 74-4 75-5 77-3 791 767 82-2 81'4 82'8 83-6 83-2 82'6 
 81 6 80-6 80-1 79-8 79'5 78'3 787 79-3 79-0 78'9 78'9 791 792 771 76'8 80'9 82'3 84'3 84-9 85-2 85'6 83'0 83'3 831 
 821 81-2 80-5 80-4 80'3 79'9 797 797 79'2 787 78'3 78'2 78'0 76'2 761 771 827 837 851 84'3 82-6 79'6 82'5 82'2 
 81-3 781 781 77-6 77'5 77'3 77'0 771 76-2 75'8 75-5 74'9 74'2 73'5 74'0 74-4 74'6 75-3 77-6 79'5 78-8 761 75'6 75'5 
 75-3 74-6 741 73'9 73-4 73'4 73-4 72-9 72 8 72'5 72'2 72'2 72-2 72'4 734 75'5 79'0 80'5 821 82-3 82'6 82-6 81'3 81-3 
 811 781 77-5 77-5 77'3 75'8 75'3 74'9 751 747 74-4 74'5 74-5 74'2 73'6 751 76'4 78'5 81'2 821 82'4 82-2 81'5 811 
 RO'4, 78-fi 7Q' C ) 79-5 797 79'6 79'3 7Q- <: 5 7Q-2 - 
 
 790 
 80-8 
 80-3 
 76-5 
 761 
 77-5 
 
 ea lo 
 16 
 S 17 
 18 
 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 oo 
 
 781 77-0 771 77-2 77'2 76'3 781 76'8 75-3 76'4 76'8 77'2 77'3 76'9 77'8 
 76-8 75-2 74-5 74-4 74-3 743 74'4 74-2 74-6 761 77'6 77'9 78'2 78'3 79'2 801 811 81-5 82'3 8] 7 82'0 82'5 81-0 80'5 
 80'0 79-4 79-3 79-3 79'0 79'0 78'8 777 787 77'5 76-3 761 75'8 74-4 74'6 75'8 77'5 78 8 79'3 78'6 77-5 76'6 75'5 76'4 
 76-4 76-3 76-2 751 74-6 74'6 75-2 74-4 75'2 74-9 74'6 75'0 75-3 71'9 70'9 70'6 70'2 71'4 73'8 761 76'3 74'5 75-9 75-2 
 77-2 73-0 751 74'8 74'0 751 74 2 74'3 74'2 72-3 70'4 701 697 70'2 69'8 69'3 69'9 70 8 73'4 74-6 75'4 76'0 76'0 76'0 
 75-6 75-2 74-6 742 74'3 737 73'6 73'0 72'4 72'9 73'4 73'6 737 73 2 73'6 76'0 78'3 801 81-3 82'3 82'6 82'3 81'8 81-0 
 79'6 78' 77*3 77'5 77 - 5 77'8 77*2 77 - 3 77 - 5 - 
 
 77-9 
 78-0 
 77-6 
 74-4 
 73-2 
 76-4 
 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 
 9Q 
 
 76-5 75-5 75-4 75'3 74-9 76'0 79'0 80'4 81'3 81-4 81'5 821 821 82'3 81-3 
 80-0 78'6 777 77-2 771 76'4 75-3 75'2 74-6 74-5 74'4 74-4 74-4 74-4 75'3 77'3 79'8 80'4 8V4 81'8 821 82'0 81'8 81-8 
 80'6 79-0 78-3 78'0 77'9 77'3 76-3 75-9 75'3 75'3 75'3 75-3 75'2 74-9 753 77'8 7U-8 811 81'8 82'6 83'4 832 832 821 
 80-3 792 78-6 78'4 78'4 780 77'5 767 771 76'2 75'4 75-4 75'3 75'4 76'3 78'4 79-3 81'3 80'3 82'9 82'5 82-6 81'9 80'3 
 79-2 78-6 780 77'6 771 76'5 74-2 73-4 72'6 72'0 71'4 71'0 70'6 705 711 74'0 76'8 78'5 79-8 80'4 80'5 81-0 79'5 798 
 78-3 76-6 75-5 74'6 74'5 74-0 73-4 72-5 73'2 73'2 73-2 727 72'2 71 8 71'8 741 76'5 78'3 79'3 79'4 797 79'4 79'6 79'0 
 7S' 77 - 6 77' 77'0 76 - 4 77~4 77-3 771 76'5 - - 
 
 78-5 
 77-8 
 78-5 
 787 
 76-0 
 75-5 
 
 30 
 
 737 71-0 707 70-4 70'3 70'5 744 78-3 79'6 80-6 80-2 80'5 81-1 801 79-9 
 
 76-5 
 
 Means 
 
 801 787 78-2 77'8 77'5 771 767 "61 75'8 75'3 747 74'5 74'2 737 74'2 76'5 787 798 811 81'6 81'8 81'4 81- 1 80'8 
 
 | 77-8 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 
 R 
 
 78-4 77-3 75-6 75'3 76-5 76'3 75-5 75'3 74'6 73'3 721 71-9 71'6 71-4 71'5 751 77'6 79-5 801 80'3 79'6 80-3 79-3 79'8 
 78-5 77-4 76-5 76'5 76'0 74'5 74'2 75'2 74'2 73'6 731 72'8 72-4 71'4 71-6 72'4 75-2 78'2 811 8L"3 80-4 79-9 79'4 79'2 
 78-4 77-5 76-6 75-6 75'5 751 741 73'4 72'5 71'8 71-2 711 70'9 70'6 71-2 74'6 77'6 79'3 79'0 80'3 811 81'2 80'3 79-4 
 78-0 76'3 757 75-4 75-3 74'8 74'3 73'5 741 75'2 76'4 76'4 76'3 75'3 729 72'6 75'2 781 80-0 77'8 78'8 78'5 77'8 761 
 741 73-4 72-8 731 73'0 72'4 71'9 71-6 71'6 71'4 71-2 71'4 71'6 717 72'2 73'9 75-2 78'2 79'5 803 80'9 771 77'4 74-6 
 747 72'6 727 7" ) ' / L 7-3 7" 3 71 - 4 70' 69'9 
 
 76-2 
 76-0 
 75-8 
 76-0 
 74-2 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 to 12 
 
 "5 no 
 oo lo 
 
 14 
 
 g 15 
 
 16 
 17 
 
 W 1?. 
 
 19 
 Qon 
 
 70-9 72-0 717 71 '4 70'6 70'4 70-0 C9'4 691 69-2 68'5 68'2 68'4 70'0 70'3 
 71-4 72-5 741 73'6 75'6 75'2 75'3 75'5 74'3 74-9 75'5 751 74'6 751 75'3 69-4 7o"9 76'4 78'5 77'3 77-4 77'6 75'5 75'3 
 74-9 75-3 74-5 74-5 74'2 75'3 74'0 74'6 74'8 74-0 73'2 73'5 73'8 73'3 721 72'9 73'6 75 3 74-3 76'8 78'0 79-5 79'2 78-5 
 77-5 76-5 751 74'6 74'4 741 741 741 74'2 74'3 74-4 74'4 7-i'4 74-5 74'6 75'3 761 773 77'9 78'3 79-5 79-2 79'5 79-4 
 777 76-8 70-4 76'3 761 75'5 73-9 74'6 741 747 75'3 75'3 75'3 75'3 75'4 77'6 79'3 801 80'3 80'6 79'3 791 79'8 79'3 
 78-3 77-4 77-2 77'5 771 76'5 76'3 76 75'8 75'5 75'3 75'3 75'3 75-3 75'4 76"3 79'3 80'3 811 80'5 78'4 80'0 80'3 791 
 781 76-3 75-3 761 761 76'0 75'5 75'8 75'8 - 
 75-5 75-3 75-3 75 2 751 73'9 74'6 75'6 76'6 79'5 79"8 801 79'3 79'4 78'8 
 78-4 76'8 76-2 76'2 76'0 76'0 75'8 75'3 75-0 74'2 73'4 73'3 73'2 73'0 727 74'4 76'8 79-4 80'0 79'8 80'2 79-5 79'3 78'5 
 il-'i 771 76-4 76-2 75'6 75'3 75-3 751 75'2 74'6 741 73'3 72-4 70'6 70'9 75'0 781 79'3 79'5 79'6 79'9 791 78'8 787 
 77-5 76-3 75-4 75-4 75'3 74'9 741 73'4 71'5 71-2 71'0 71'5 72'0 72-4 70'6 74-2 781 78'6 79'2 79'6 79-8 79'3 79'0 78'3 
 7, -8 76-8 75-5 74'5 73'6 727 71'5 71'3 711 70'4 697 69'3 68'8 68'8 68'9 74'3 771 781 78'5 790 79-2 79'2 79-2 77'6 
 77-5 76-tJ 75-4 753 74-8 74'6 73'4 72'4 711 701 691 69'8 70'4 70'6 707 73'4 75-3 78'3 79'3 79'8 79'3 79'6 790 78'5 
 
 77'fi 7li'O 7A-^ 71 -U 71-9 71 -'^. 71-4. 71 -Q 71 &, 
 
 70-8 
 751 
 75-0 
 76-0 
 77-0 
 77-5 
 
 76-6 
 76-4 
 76-2 
 75-4 
 74-3 
 74-8 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 97 
 
 72-0 727 73-3 73'8 751 74-9 76'5 78'2 791 79'6 80'0 79'8 79-6 791 78'8 
 7F1 77-4 767 76'5 761 75'9 75'5 75'5 75-5 751 747 74'6 74'4 73'5 71-4 76'4 78'5 793 80'3 80'8 80'4 80'6 80'8 79-8 
 78-5 77-3 76-5 761 75'5 75'5 75'5 75'3 75'2 74'8 74'4 72'8 71'2 707 70'4 72'5 757 76'4 J8'2 78'3 791 78'4 78'5 777 
 767 767 75'2 74'6 74'9 74'8 74'9 75-4 75'4 751 74'8 73'9 73'0 72'4 71-9 72-6 75'4 765 77'5 78'3 79-4 79'4 78'5 78'3 
 77-0 75-5 74-5 741 73'9 73'4 731 728 72'3 717 71'2 71'2 71'2 70'4 70'2 71-4 73'5 747 76'5 778 78'2 78'8 78'5 78-3 
 771 75-9 75-3 74'9 751 74'4 74-4 75'3 75'3 73'6 71'9 71'2 70-5 697 70'9 727 75'6 77 2 781 79'3 80'6 80'8 80'4 79'5 
 
 70. ^ 7^; .0 7^.Q 7X.-7 7/L-U 7A-A 7/t-^ 7,1-ft 7O-ft 
 
 75-4 
 77-0 
 75-6 
 757 
 74-2 
 75-4 
 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 71-6 70-5 70-0 69-5 69-4 69'4 71'9 75'0 77-4 78'3 79'3 79'8 79'3 79'5 78'6 
 77-3 76-2 75-0 74'8 74'6 742 741 73'9 73'6 72'5 71'4 71'3 71'2 70'4 70'0 72'2 74'8 76'8 787 80'3 801 80'9 80'2 79'3 
 77-9 76-6 75-9 761 76'2 757 757 75'8 75'5 75'0 74'6 74'0 73'4 72-9 72'6 74-2 76-4 788 79-3 81'3 80'6 811 811 79'5 
 791 77-8 771 767 76'4 76'4 76'4 757 76'0 76'0 76'0 75'8 75'5 75'3 75'5 76-9 78'6 79'5 80'3 80'6 811 80'2 79'8 79'5 
 
 74-8 
 75-2 
 767 
 77-6 
 
 Means 
 
 77-3 76-2 75-5 751 75'0 747 74'3 74'2 73'8 73'4 731 72'9 727 72'4 721 738 762 777 787 791 79'2 791 78'9 78'2| 
 
 75-6 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily meaug. 
 
14 
 
 MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Grottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 )aily and 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h m h m h m h m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 Ml' '.4l' 6.'<1 7.41 8.41 8.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 H.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Means 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 * * 
 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 
 
 72-7 72-5 72-3 72-3 72-2 71-7 71'7 72-1 72-2 72-0 71-8 71'6 71-3 70-8 70'9 72-3 73-7 73'9 737 73'2 73'4 73-2 72'5 72'8 
 72-7 71-9 70-5 70-4 701 69'5 68'5 67-1 68'5 67-9 67-4 67'3 67'2 66'6 66'6 69-4 72'5 73'4 72-9 71-3 70'8 72'6 72'2 72'1 
 71-5 70-6 70-4 69'3 68'8 683 68'3 68'3 678 67-5 67.3 67-0 66'6 65'7 65-3 68-9 71 -3 72'5 70'5 70'8 71-4 71'5 71-3 71-0 
 70-0 70-0 69-4 68-5 68'4 68'2 67-4 671 67-1 66'2 65-4 64'9 64-4 64-1 64'1 68'2 71-3 72-1 71'3 71'5 711 71-1 71'5 71-8 
 
 O 
 
 72-4 
 70-0 
 69-2 
 68-5 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 66-1 64-9 64-7 64-4 637 641 67'3 70'3 72-3 71'3 70'9 71-4 711 71-4 72'2 
 71-3 70-7 70-4 68'9 68'5 67-9 67-6 67'3 67- 1 66-7 66'4 65'9 65-4 65'1 64'9 68-3 71-9 73-2 71'4 71'5 72'3 72'0 721 72-5 
 72-6 72-0 70-4 70'3 69'2 68-8 68'2 68'1 68-3 68-0 67'8 67'1 66~4 66-1 66'4 70'0 73'0 73-1 72'8 73'7 731 73'5 72 8 73'4 
 72-8 72-8 72-4 71'3 70'9 70 5 70'2 69'3 69'3 69'2 69-1 68'8 68'4 67'8 68-3 69-9 73'2 74-2 72'3 70'9 71'9 72'5 72'3 72-3 
 71-8 71-1 71-3 70-9 68'8 69'2 68-9 68'6 683 67-7 671 67-1 67'0 65'6 65'4 70'0 728 73'2 727 737 731 73'2 73'1 71-8 
 71-8 72-0 71-3 70-7 70'8 70-4 70'2 70'2 69-5 69-1 68'8 68-8 68'8 681 67'8 70-1 727 737 72-3 72-,5'73'2 71'3 72-0 72'3 
 71 9 71 3 70'9 70'6 70'8 70'9 70'5 70'3 69'3 
 
 68-5 
 691 
 70-2 
 70-9 
 70-1 
 70-8 
 
 < Jo 
 on 13 
 
 14 
 M 15 
 
 PJ 16 
 g 17 
 g 18 
 
 69-2 69-1 08-2 67-3 66'6 67-1 69'0 71-5 72-3 72-3 731 73'2 74'2 73'1 72'0 
 71-0 71-3 69-2 69-6 68 9 69 5 68-9 68-3 70'0 69-ti 69-3 68'3 67-3 67'1 67'1 68'8 70'8 72-7 70'8 71-6 71-8 72-3 72'0 71'3 
 70-3 70-0 70-3 70'2 69-6 69-6 70'2 69-7 68-7 68'5 68'3 67-8 67-3 66-4 67'2 69'3 73'1 71'3 71-5 717 731 72'8 72-5 72'8 
 72-3 71-3 71-4 71'4 71-2 70'8 69-9 69-5 69-5 69'3 69-2 68'8 68'3 67'3 67'3 68'3 71-3 73'8 72'8 74'2 73'7 73'3 74-0 73'5 
 74-2 73-0 71 ; 4 71.2 702 70'0 69'4 69-1 68'3 67'8 67'3 67'1 66-9 66-4 671 70'3 71'8 73-2 72-5 73'0 73'4 73-1 72-3 72'8 
 73-2 72-8 72-3 71-4 71'0 711 70'6 69-4 68'3 68-0 67'8 671 66'4 65'2 66-4 701 72'3 73'4 72'9 72'2 72'4 72-6 73'2 73-2 
 
 7Q-1 71 .Q 71-3 71-9 71'O 7O-1 fiQ-S (iQ-.'i P>Q-7 - 
 
 70-6 
 69-9 
 70-1 
 70-9 
 70-5 
 70-6 
 
 1-5 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 70-5 71-3 71-2 71-1 711 70'3 711 72-2 73-1 73'2 72 9 73'4 73-5 73'2 72-8 
 71-9 71-3 711 71-4 71'5 72'0 72-1 72-1 71-5 71-3 71'2 71'3 71'3 70'6 70-3 71'3 73'2 72-8 73-4 737 737 73-6 73'2 73- 1 
 731 72-0 71-6 70-9 70-4 69-4 69-0 69'0 68-5 68'0 67-6 68'0 68'3 67'5 67-3 70'8 72'3 74-0 74-2 73'2 73'3 74-2 73'4 731 
 72-3 72-3 72-3 71-3 70-0 70'0 69-3 68-3 69-0 68'4 67'8 67'6 67'3 66'0 66-4 701 72'8 73-2 73-1 72'3 73-0 73'2 73'1 73'0 
 721 71-8 70-2 69 3 69'1 681 67-5 67-4 66'9 66-6 66'4 65-9 65-4 65'4 65-9 67'3 72'3 72-5 72'3 72'3 72-8 72'1 72-7 72'5 
 73-1 72-3 71-6 71-5 71'3 70'3 69-3 68-4 68'3 67-9 67-5 67'0 6(>-5 66'4 66'2 69'6 73'1 72-3 72-0 72-3 72-8 72'6 71-8 721 
 72-4 71-3 69-9 69-8 69'2 68'3 67-8 67'6 67-3 ______ 
 67-4 67-5 67-0 66'4 66'5 65'9 67'5 70'3 72'3 72'3 72-1 72'1 72'5 72'8 72'8 
 72-5 71'5 71-2 71-0 70'9 70-5 71-4 71-0 70-5 70'5 70'6 69-2 67'8 68'0 681 69'2 72'8 75'0 74'2 74'9 75'0 751 747 74-6 
 73-8 73-1 72-4 72-2 72-2 72-2 72-0 72-0 72-1 71'5 71'0 70'9 70'8 70'3 69'5 72'0 73'2 73'8 74'0 74'2 75'0 74-4 737 73-9 
 731 72-3 71-3 71-3 71'2 73-3 73-4 73-4 71'8 71'4 711 70'8 70'4 70'6 69'3 72'3 75'0 75-2 75-2 76'9 76-7 76'4 75-2 76'2 
 75-7 75-2 75-2 74-2 74'5 74-5 74-5 74-2 73-9 73'9 74'0 73-6 73'2 72'8 72'3 74-7 76'0 76-2 77-2 77-0 77-1 77-2 76-7 77D 
 
 71-6 
 
 72-0 
 70-8 
 70-5 
 69-4 
 70'3 
 
 69-5 
 71-7 
 72-5 
 73-1 
 75-0 
 
 Means 
 
 72-4 71-8 71-2 707 70-3 701 69'8 69-4 69-2 68'9 68-6 68-3 67'8 67'3 67-3 69'9 72'5 73'3 72-8 72-9 73-1 73'2 72'9 72'9 
 
 | 70-7 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 75-7 74-9 74-4 74-2 73'9 74-9 74-5 74-3 74'4 73-7 73-0 72-8 72'5 717 70'5 73'5 76-2 76-2 76'0 767 77-2 78'0 76'9 77-4 
 77-9 77'2 75-7 74'9 74'2 74'4 74'6 74-6 74-7 
 
 747 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 Q 
 
 74-4 74-2 73-6 73'0 731 73-2 74-0 76'4 76-0 76-7 77'4 767 77'2 77'1 77-4 
 76-9 75-4 75-1 75'4 74'9 74'6 74'3 74-2 74'2 73'5 72-8 72-6 72'3 72-3 72-7 75-2 75'4 77-7 77-3 78'2 78'4 77-9 78'2 79-0 
 78-7 77-9 76-1 751 751 747 74'5 74-5 74-2 74-1 74-0 73'2 72'3 73'1 72-8 75'5 75'0 75'9 75-9 76-1 76'4 77-2 75-2 75-2 
 75-4 75-0 74-5 74'4 74-3 73'7 73-7 73-7 73'9 73'5 73'2 72-8 72'3 711 72-0 72-5 75-9 757 76-0 76'2 75-7 767 75-9 75-6 
 75-6 75-4 74-9 74-4 74'4 74'0 74-1 74'0 73'6 73'9 74-2 73-4 72'6 72'4 72-9 75'0 75'2 76'0 76'4 76'7 76-8 77-2 76-5 76'2 
 76-3 75-6 74-3 74'2 73'9 737 73'3 73'2 73-2 73'2 73'2 73'0 72'8 73'2 73-1 73-2 75-0 75'8 761 781 75-2 77-4 75'6 77- 7 
 76-2 75-5 75-0 74'8 74'4 73'9 73'2 73-1 73'2 - 
 
 75-4 
 75-4 
 751 
 74-3 
 74-8 
 74-6 
 
 10 
 
 CO 11 
 
 8 12 
 rt 13 
 
 3 i* 
 
 ta 16 
 17 
 
 fe 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 
 OA 
 
 72-4 71-6 71-5 71'4 711 71-7 74-3 75'4 77-2 76'5 77-4 77'5 781 76'9 771 
 76.7 76-2 76-0 74'9 74'7 74'7 747 74'0 73-4 72'8 72-3 71'5 70'7 701 71'0 73'2 75-4 75'9 77-2 78'0 78'2 79-0 77-0 78-2 
 75'4 76-2 75-2 75-4 75'2 76-0 75-4 74-7 74'7 73'0 71'3 70'9 70'5 70-3 711 73'4 75'3 76'7 7.6-8 79-7 79-9 77-4 78-6 79-4 
 77-2 77-2 76-3 75'2 74-6 75-0 74-2 73'5 72'7 72-4 721 71-5 70-8 68'9 69-1 73-2 75'0 73-9 74-4 75'7 78'6 761 76-3 7fi-8 
 75-0 74-2 74-0 73'2 72'8 72-2 70'0 70-7 70'3 69-7 69'1 68'6 68'1 66-9 67-1 70'9 72'8 73'1 72'6 75'3 75-8 76-2 72-2 73-4 
 74-2 74-2 74-0 73-0 72-6 71-8 71 3 70'3 69-3 68'4 67-5 67-2 66'8 66'4 66-4 701 71'6 737 74-3 75-4 75-3 77-0 7fv9 7vn 
 76-6 72-9 72-8 72'1 72'1 701 69-5 68'6 68'3 ______ 
 68-3 68-4 68'0 67-5 67-4 67'2 70 7 731 73'4 74'0 75-2 76-0 76-4 76'0 76"3 
 76-0 74-6 74-4 73'9 73-5 73'9 73-4 73-2 73-2 73'2 73'2 71-4 69-5 69-4 70'3 72'3 73-0 74'2 76'4 77-7 76-1 76-0 76-2 M-2 
 76-2 76-0 75-1 75-4 75'5 75-7 75'2 74-2 73-6 72-8 72'1 717 71-3 70-8 72'0 73-2 76-2 77-0 74-9 75-9 76-6 76-2 7fi-7 7fi-2 
 74-8 74-2 74-2 74'0 73-2 74-1 74'0 73-8 73-7 72-4 71-2 70'3 69-3 68-6 68'9 72'3 72'8 74'7 76-4 73-9 74-4 TX| *Ll 7S-S 
 73-8 73-4 72-5 72-8 726 71-9 70'2 69'5 69'3 68'3 67-3 67'0 66-6 65-4 66-2 70'0 72-3 72'1 7''-9 73-5 7S-5 74-0 77-^ 7^-4 
 73-4 72-5 72-3 71 3 70-1 69-2 68-7 68-3 68-1 67'6 67'2 66'4 65-fi 65-4 65'5 70'0 72'3 727 72'2 73-9 M-7 W-fi 79-Q 7^9 
 725 72-5 71-5 72'1 72'3 71'2 70'2 70'3 69-5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
 
 74-6 
 74-8 
 75-1 
 74-2 
 71-8 
 71-8 
 
 717 
 73-8 
 74-6 
 73-1 
 71-1 
 70-3 
 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 757 74-8 73-8 73'6 73-6 74-2 74-6 72'2 72-1 72-2 72-3 731 73-9 74-3 74'9 75-9 75-8 77'0 767 77-8 77-8 77-S 77-q 77 1 
 77-0 76-2 75-8 75-1 74-7 75'2 75-2 74-2 74'2 73'5 72'8 72'8 72-7 72'1 72'3 75'0 75 9 77-2 77-0 77-2 77-8 77-9 77-ft 7R-Q 
 76-2 76-0 75-4 75'2 75-1 75-4 75-4 75-2 75-2 73-6 72'1 72'1 72'0 71-9 73-2 74-2 75-7 76'2 76'2 781 78-9 78-1 77-s 77-8 
 77-2 76-5 75-9 75-4 74-9 74-6 74-9 75'2 73'0 72-6 72'3 71-8 71'2 70'3 71-0 73-2 74-7 75-0 75-1 75-fl 74-Q 7fi-n 7vf a 
 74-7 74-2 73-8 73'2 73'2 741 73-7 74-2 74'2 731 721 71-0 69-8 70'0 70-3 73-7 73'2 73-2 73-4 74-0 74-3 75-0 75-6 75-4 
 
 71-3 
 74-9 
 75-2 
 75-3 
 74-3 
 73-3 
 
 Means 
 
 2-9 72-6 72-0 71'5 71'0 70-5 70-1 70-5 73'0 74'5 75-2 75-4 76'3 76-4 76-6 76'2 76-3 
 
 73-8 
 
 
 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 15 
 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 
 Madra s 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in- h.m. h m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h.m. b. m. h. m. h. m h. m. h. m 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.4! 8.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 1 
 
 * * 
 
 ooooo ooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 7K.r 7r.r> 74.1 no.r? 70.0 70.;; 70.1 70.0 70. ( 
 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 - 73-2 73-8 73-6 73'4 72-0 71-9 73'0 74-7 77'2 78'2 777 77'9 77'8 78'0 7T'4 
 77-4 76-6 76-1 757 75-7 751 74'8 74-7 737 727 71'8 71'9 71'9 71'2 71-4 737 75"2 75'2 75'2 75'0 75'4 75'2 75'3 747 
 75-1 74-2 74-4 74-2 73'9 72'5 72'0 71'3 70'4 697 69'1 69-1 69"! 68'2 68'8 71'3 737 74'2 747 75'2 75'4 75-0 75'4 75-2 
 75-4 73-6 73-3 73'2 73'4 72'8 72-5 7M 70'4 70'3 70'3 69-5 687 687 68'5 7T4 73'2 74'2 74'2 747 74'0 737 747 74-4 
 74-1 737 73-1 73'2 731 72'5 72'3 71'3 70'9 69'8 68'8 68'8 687 69-1 68'3 71'3 73'2 73'2 73'4 73'9 74-0 737 74'3 72'6 
 73-1 72-9 72-6 72'1 71'4 70'4 70'6 69'3 68'6 68'3 68'0 67'8 67'5 671 67'0 701 72'3 72'8 74'2 74'3 74-9 75-2 74'4 737 
 
 7').e 70. x >ja.i 179-0 71-1 7fM RCi'A. RR'fi fifi-3 
 
 74-8 
 74-4 
 72-6 
 723 
 72-0 
 7J-2 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 <o 12 
 
 >0 1Q 
 00 ld 
 
 - 1 14 
 
 Ml ^ 
 
 70-3 72-3 71-6 70'9 70'5 71-1 74'4 767 76-4 76-6 76-2 77'0 76'5 757 76'4 
 76-2 75-3 75-0 74'6 74-6 747 74'4 74-4 737 72'9 721 72'2 72'3 71'5 717 74'5 78'0 78'0 79-2 79-9 79'5 797 79'4 79'2 
 79-1 78-2 77-6 77'5 77-4 77'3 77'3 77-2 77'0 76'2 75'4 747 74'0 74'2 75"! 77'4 78'2 78'4 79-8 797 80'0 79'2 80'0 787 
 78-2 78-0 77-2 77'0 77'0 77-1 76'9 767 75-4 75'0 747 74-4 74'0 737 73'4 76'4 77'6 78'2 78'2 79'0 78'5 787 78'0 78'3 
 777 77-4 77-2 76-4 75'9 76'0 757 76'0 76'0 75'6 75'2 74-8 74-4 73'8 73-4 75-5 78'0 78'5 78'9 79'0 78'4 79'4 79'1 77'9 
 777 77-2 75-9 74-9 75-3 75-2 75-2 74-4 73'9 73'1 72'3 72'2 72'0 71'5 71'9 73'8 77'2 78'0 79'0 78'0 78'4 791 79'0 78'3 
 
 7'9 77-1 7fi-J. 7^-fi TK''i 7fi'9 7fiO 7K'9 7fvft 
 
 72-9 
 75-5 
 77-5 
 767 
 767 
 75-6 
 
 O Ifi 
 
 9 5? 
 
 3 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 
 99 
 
 75-3 74'6 741 73'6 73'2 74'0 76'2 78'0 78'2 79'0 797 78'0 78'9 78'0 78'5 
 78-8 777 77-3 767 76-2 76'0 75'6 761 76"2 757 75-2 747 74'2 73'4 74'0 76-2 78-2 78'2 78'4 78'2 787 791 78'5 78'2 
 78-2 77-3 76-4 764 76'4 76'4 76'4 76'4 76'2 757 75'2 751 74'9 74-2 75'0 77'0 78'6 787 787 79-5 781 79-2 78'6 791 
 77-4 77-3 76-2 76-2 75'9 75'9 75'4 767 76'2 75-6 75'0 74'6 74'2 74'2 75'0 76'9 77-0 76'6 76'8 79'3 79'0 79'3 80'2 79'5 
 79-2 791 78-4 78'3 78-4 78'4 78'4 78-4 78'2 78'2 78'2 77'3 76'4 74'2 75'2 77'2 76'9 77'0 771 79'6 80'0 80'2 80'4 80'9 
 80-4 801 791 78-9 78'6 78'5 78'5 78'4 78'5 777 77'0 77'0 76'9 761 767 79'0 80'3 80'8 81'2 81'4 81'3 81'4 81'4 807 
 Rfl- 80'0 78-9 78-^ 78-9 7R-9 77-4 77-^ 77-2 - 
 
 76-6 
 767 
 77-0 
 767 
 78-2 
 79-2 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 9Q 
 
 76-9 76-6 76-4 76'2 76'3 76'4 781 78'2 78'5 78'2 80'2 79'2 78'9 797 79'2 
 791 78-8 787 78'2 78'0 78'0 78'2 77'9 77'2 76'2 75-2 747 74'2 72'8 74'2 76'2 77'2 77'4 767 76'2 78'0 79'2 75-2 75'4 
 76-0 767 76-0 76'4 76'2 76'0 757 75'2 75'0 741 73'2 72'5 717 71'3 74'2 76'0 76'3 77'6 78'0 77'4 78'5 77'2 777 77'4 
 76-5 761 75-4 75-4 75'0 75-2 75'2 75'0 73'3 72'8 72'4 72'0 71'5 71'5 72'3 75'0 75'2 76'3 76-8 77'4 77'3 77'5 777 767 
 76-2 757 74-6 74'5 75'2 74'8 74'6 74'0 737 727 71'8 71'3 70'8 71-3 71'6 74'2 747 757 74'8 76'4 76'2 76'4 76'8 77'5 
 78-0 75-8 75-2 74-9 75-2 74'4 747 74'2 73'6 73'4 73'2 72'8.72'3 72'5 73'2 75'2 77'2 78'6 79'2 80'2 80'0 807 80'4 81 -2 
 
 Son 7Q'A 7Q'9 78'1 77'^ 77'4. 77'O 7fi-9 7 t >-Q - 
 
 781 
 76-8 
 757 
 75-0 
 74-4 
 761 
 
 30 
 31 
 
 - 757 75-6 75-4 75-2 74'4 76'4 78'0 79'2 80-8 82'2 80'2 80'4 81-0 81'2 79'9 
 79-0 787 78-2 78'1 77'8 78-2 78'2 78-0 77-6 77'4 77'2 767 76'2 757 76'0 78'0 78'2 79-2 79-4 80'2 801 797 79'4 80'4 
 
 78-2 
 78-2 
 
 Means 
 
 77-3 767 761 75-8 757 75-4 75'2 75'0 74'5 74'0 73'6 73-3 72'9 72'4 72'9 75'2 767 77-2 77'6 78'0 78'0 781 78-0 777 
 
 757 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 K 
 
 79-3 79-0 79-0 78'9 78'0 78-4 78'4 77'3 78'4 78'3 78-3 78-5 787 78-3 79.3 80'0 807 81-0 81-2 81'0 80'8 81-2 81'2 80'5 
 80-2 80-0 78'3 777 77'5 78'0 78'0 77'6 78'2 78'0 77'8 76-8 757 76'0 77'8 787 787 79'3 80'9 81'4 811 80'2 79'2 80-2 
 807 797 791 791 78-9 79'3 79'0 79'0 791 787 78'4 78-5 78'5 777 78'2 78-2 78'2 790 797 807 81'9 821 80'2 80'2 
 80-2 79-9 79-4 79'4 79'9 797 79'2 78'6 78'4 78-3 78'2 777 77'2 76'4 78'2 791 79'2 80'3 82'0 817 80'8 81'4 81-2 80'8 
 80-7 802 7Q-0 78-7 78-9 7^-9 78-1 77'^ 77"2 
 
 79-4 
 78-6 
 79-3 
 79-5 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 19 
 
 77-8 777 77-6 77'5 77'0 771 77'9 78'2 79'0 79'4 79'4 811 81'2 821 821 
 821 81-2 80-9 801 79'6 79'6 801 79'9 787 78'3 78'0 77'6 77-2 76-3 77'4 78'2 79'3 80'6 817 821 821 817 821 81'4 
 81-2 81-2 80-9 80-9 807 801 79 8 79'5 79'3 79'2 79'2 78'9 78'5 787 79'4 807 81-6 80'9 82'6 82'3 821 821 82'3 82'5 
 821 817 80-9 80-8 80'4 801 799 79'2 79'4 79'6 79'9 79'8 79'6 78'6 797 80'3 80'0 80-5 80'5 81'3 821 817 821 81'8 
 81-8 81-2 807 801 79'4 79'2 79'2 78'9 78'4 77'8 77'2 76'8 76'4 76'0 77'0 80'0 796 80'4 80'9 817 81-9 821 821 81-2 
 807 80-5 79-9 79'6 79'9 79'4 79'2 78'9 79'2 787 78'2 777 77'2 77'4 78'2 80'2 81-2 81'8 821 827 81-8 81'2 81'5 817 
 81-1 80-7 80-9 8fl-() 7Q-8 79-8 70-4 7Q-2 79-4 - 
 
 78-9 
 79-8 
 80-6 
 80-5 
 79-6 
 80-0 
 
 13 
 
 8 14 
 
 S 15 
 J 16 
 
 S 17 
 
 18 
 
 ^ 1Q 
 
 79-8 79-3 78-8 78'2 78'2 787 79'2 80-2 811 82'4 82'6 821 821 82'0 81 '0 
 80-8 807 81-2 81-2 807 80-2 807 79'9 80'9 77'8 747 74'8 74'9 75'5 75-2 76'2 76-4 75'6 78'2 80'9 787 78'2 78'2 77'9 
 79-4 79-2 78-5 78-4 79'0 791 791 78'9 79'0 78'8 787 78"4 78'0 771 78'4 78'2 77'2 77'2 77'2 78'6 79'2 78'2 79'3 797 
 80-2 807 80-4 80-4 80'2 80'9 81 80'9 80'2 79'3 78-4 781 77'8 77'0 79'3 79'4 79-6 80'2 82-2 80'6 79'2 80'2 807 81-2 
 80-2 80-0 79-0 78'8 78"8 78'9 78'6 77'6 757 74'9 74'2 74'6 74'9 74'4 77'3 787 78'8 79-2 78'4 79'2 79'2 79'6 80'2 807 
 80-0 78-4 77-4 77-2 771 77'0 757 75"6 75-2 74'8 74-4 73'9 73.4 73'4 75-2 77'0 777 78'9 79'9 807 80'2 79'2 80'0 80'2 
 79'4 79'5 7'" 79' 781 77 9 77'9 76' 767 .... 
 
 80-2 
 78-3 
 78-5 
 79-9 
 78-0 
 77-2 
 
 20 
 21 
 
 22 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 9fi 
 
 77-0 77-2 77-3 77'4 77'0 77-4 79'0 80'0 81'2 81'2 81'4 821 82'0 80'4 80-0 
 80-2 81-3 80-2 80'2 801 80'2 79-4 80'0 80'0 79'5 79'0 78'8 78'6 78'4 797 797 80'4 80'9 80'9 81-6 821 817 81-0 81-2 
 80-6 81-0 801 80-0 80'4 79 9 797 79"9 797 79'5 79'4 79-2 79-0 787 79'2 80'2 79'5 801 807 81'4 81'5 81'3 81'5 81'2 
 820 81-2 80-5 80-9 801 801 79'4 794 79'4 79'8 80-2 79'4 78"5 78'0 78'4 80'4 80'2 80'4 80'2 80'6 79'9 79'2 80-2 79'2 
 79-9 80-4 80-8 81-0 81-0 807 80'4 80'3 80'2 80'0 79-8 79'2 78'6 787 79'3 79'4 79'2 80-4 81'2 82'0 82'0 821 82'3 82'3 
 82-8 821 821 821 82'0 81-4 81'4 81'4 80'9 80'8 807 80'6 80'4 80'4 81'2 817 82'2 81'2 82~6 831 83'3 831 821 78'0 
 
 ?T'7 7fi'9 7^'8 7^-7 7^'^ 78-4. 78-J. 78'Q 78-7 - 
 
 78-9 
 80-2 
 80-2 
 79-9 
 80-5 
 81-6 
 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 _ 80-4 79-8 79-2 78'6 787 79-4 80'0 79'2 80'2 79'9 81'0 81'2 817 82'0 81'2 
 75-4 74-6 75-0 74-8 74'2 74-4 74-4 74-6 74'2 73'8 73'4 73-5 73'5 74'2 747 75'3 77'2 777 78'6 80'0 80'4 80-4 79'4 78'6 
 79-0 78-2 78-9 791 791 79'0 78'8 78'4 77-9 78'0 78'2 75-4 72'5 72-8 741 74'6 76'2 77'2 76-2 79'2 80'0 80'2 80'6 81'2 
 81-2 817 80-9 80-9 80'9 807 80'2 78'4 78'2 76'6 751 75'2 75'2 75'2 767 78-0 79 : 2 78'9 787 787 81'6 80'9 81'0 81'2 
 
 790 
 
 75-9 
 777 
 79-0 
 
 Means 
 
 80-3 80-0 79-5 79'4 79 2 79'3 791 787 78'6 78'3 77'9 77'6 77-2 76-9 77-9 78'9 79'2 797 80'4 81-0 811 81'0 81O 807 
 
 | 79-3 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake oS obtaining the daily uieaue. 
 
16 
 
 MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Gottingeu 
 Moan Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 .41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Means 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 81-2 81-2 80-5 81-3 81-4 81-1 80'2 79-6 79'2 79-2 79'2 79'2 79'1 79'2 72'3 71 '5 73-0 71-4 76'8 79'4 78'4 77'4 78'2 77'8 
 78-4 78-2 79-0 78'4 79'4 79'4 78'2 78'2 77'2 75'8 74'4 74'6 74'8 75'0 76-2 77'9 79'3 79'8 797 79'5 81'4 80'5 81'0 81'4 
 
 ftl'Q ftl ! 8H- ^ ftn-O 7Q-1 7Q-9 7ft'Q 7Q-9 7Q-O 
 
 O 
 
 78-2 
 78-2 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 9 
 in 
 
 __ 78-7 78-4 78-2 77-9 78'4 78-9 80-3 81/9 82'3 82'4 81-0 81-4 81-1 81-4 81-6 
 80-1 80-6 807 80-5 80'5 80'5 80'2 80'3 80-0 79-8 79-7 79-4 79'0 78'0 79-6 80'2 81'9 82- 1 82-1 831 82- 1 82'3 82-4 80'9 
 80-8 81-2 81-1 81-1 80-2 80"6 80'2 79'6 79'0 78-6 78-2 77'9 77'5 77-4 77-2 78-2 79'4 797 81-0 817 80'6 80'6 80'2 80'4 
 79-8 80-2 79-9 797 80'0 81'5 80'8 80'3 80'2 78-9 777 77'5 77'2 76'6 77'2 77'4 79'9 80'9 80'5 827 82-1 81 '8 807 80'9 
 81-4 80-9 81-0 81-1 80'9 80'0 77'0 77'2 76-2 76'6 77-0 77'0 76'9 77-2 77'5 78'0 78'9 808 82'1 821 81'8 81'2 80'8 80'5 
 807 807 80-5 80'6 80'9 81'3 81'4 81'0 81-2 80-9 807 80'4 80'0 79'6 80'4 81-2 81'0 81'2 821 81'2 821 81'4 81'4 80'9 
 
 81 -9 ftfl-Q fil-fl 81-1 81 -Pi 81 'Q 81-9 7Q'fi 7Q'9 
 
 801 
 807 
 797 
 79-8 
 79-3 
 81-0 
 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 w 14 
 S 15 
 16 
 N 17 
 
 811 80-9 807 80-4 81'0 81-9 80'8 81-4 821 82'8 831 83'3 82'5 82'9 82'3 
 82-9 831 82-3 82'0 821 817 81'2 807 80'2 79'6 79'0 791 79-2 79'5 80'2 807 821 82'5 82'3 83'8 841 83'3 831 827 
 82-3 821 821 81'9 81'5 81-2 80'4 79'6 79-2 791 791 791 791 797 80'2 80-4 81'4 82'5 827 83'3 841 83'6 -83'0 81-9 
 821 821 821 82-2 81'8 807 787 78'2 76-4 76'4 76'5 76'8 77'0 77-4 791 77-9 78'2 79-9 81'6 81-6 81-0 82'2 817 821 
 821 821 821 81-9 81'6 81'2 81 '2 801 79-9 80'0 80-2 80'2 80-2 81-0 81-2 76'2 751 74'0 75-2 74'4 74-3 76-3 76'2 75-2 
 757 76-3 767 76'2 76-0 757 75'6 75-4 75'2 747 74'2 74'0 73'8 741 76'0 78'3 79'9 821 81'0 80'9 81'3 81-2 81'4 Sl'O 
 80-8 8Q-2 80'1 80-0 79-Q 80-4 7Q-Q 7Q-4 80-2 
 
 81-4 
 81-6 
 81-2 
 797 
 78-8 
 77-4 
 
 3 It 
 
 20 
 21 
 
 22 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 76-5 76-4 76-3 76-2 76'4 767 77-9 777 77-4 78'2 78'3 79'3 78'8 77'5 78'3 
 777 78-6 79-0 77-5 77'4 77'3 76'9 76'2 76-4 76'3 76'2 75'5 747 75-4 75'2 76'9 77'4 78'2 77'8 77'8 76'2 75'3 747 75'2 
 75-6 767 76-5 76-5 77-2 77-2 767 76'2 76'2 75'9 75'7 75'8 75-9 76'2 76'6 767 78'9 79-2 79'0 78'5 78'5 79'2 80'2 79'4 
 781 777 76-5 76'3 76'4 77'2 77-2 77'2 76-0 761 76'2 76'6 77'0 767 77'4 78'0 78'5 787 79'5 807 80'4 80'4 80'9 80'0 
 79-3 74-3 75-6 75'6 77'8 77'3 76'9 78'4 77-2 761 75'0 75'2 75-4 75-2 77'0 777 78'0 787 80'0 80'4 791 80-2 79'4 79-9 
 80-0 797 791 79-0 76'0 771 77-2 767 76'2 76'2 76'2 757 75-2 74-5 74'4 75'5 777 77'2 78'8 777 78'5 79'2 80'0 79'4 
 78-8 79'2 7Q-2 79'2 79-S 7Q-2 7Q-4, 7fi-2 7V4, 
 
 78-5 
 767 
 77-3 
 77-9 
 77-5 
 77-4 
 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 73-9 73-9 73-9 73-8 75-0 75'4 76'5 767 781 79'0 80'5 79'4 787 79-3 79'2 
 787 77-4 77-0 76'2 75-8 76'0 75-4 75-4 76-2 76'2 76'2 761 76-0 75-8 76'2 78'0 78'6 777 77'4 77'2 77'5 78'9 77-9 79'2 
 77-9 77-2 78-2 77'9 76'9 77'3 77-2 77'2 76'2 75'2 74'3 74'3 74'2 74-6 74-4 75'5 761 76'2 767 767 76'8 76-4 76'2 777 
 77-2 78-3 78-8 791 78'3 77-2 77-2 76'2 76-2 75'4 747 74'5 74-2 74-0 74-5 75-2 761 76'4 76'9 76-9 77-5 777 77-2 77'4 
 771 77-2 777 77'0 761 75'2 731 731 73'2 73'6 74'0 74-0 73'9 737 75'2 76'3 75'4 76'2 78'0 777 78'2 77'5 78'3 77'5 
 78-0 77-2 76-3 75-9 75-6 74-0 73-4 73'2 73'6 73'6 73-6 73'5 73'4 73'3 75-2 751 77'9 75'4 75'2 77'0 78'0 777 781 77'0 
 
 77-5 
 77-0 
 76-3 
 76-5 
 75-8 
 75-5 
 
 Means 
 
 79-6 79-4 79-4 79-2 79-0 78'9 78'3 77'9 77'5 771 76'8 76'8 76'6 767 77'2 77'6 78'6 78'9 79'6 79'9 79'9 79'8 79'8 79'6 
 
 | 78-5 
 
 May 31 
 
 757 75'6 75-2 76-2 75-2 75-2 74-Q 74'2 74-2 - 
 
 
 1 
 
 n 
 
 t 
 
 i. 
 
 t 
 
 t 
 O 
 
 6 
 
 rt 
 
 737 73-4 731 72'8 723 74'2 75'2 76-2 76'4 767 77'4 77-2 77-0 77'2 78 
 "8-3 76-9 76-6 76'2 767 76'9 73'5 72'6 73-4 73'3 73-2 73 2 73'2 74-2 741 75'2 75'2 76-0 76'5 78'4 777 78-0 781 79'2 
 79-0 78-4 80-2 80'0 791 78-3 78'2 78'2 76'2 75'4 747 74'5 74-2 737 75'4 76-2 76-2 76'6 77'6 784 782 780 792 791 
 78-2 80-0 78 5 79'5 79 9 78-2 77'9 757 76'0 75-6 75 2 75-2 75'2 74'4 74'2 74'4 75'6 76'2 76'8 77'4 787 79 8 79 9 79 9 
 80-6 78-0 78-9 78-9 79'2 791 78'4 77-8 78-2 77'4 767 76-5 76-2 77'2 77'4 78'2 79 2 794 79'0 78'2 78-0 77-2 77-0 757 
 76-2 78-0 75-4 77'0 77-2 78'0 77'2 76'8 75'2 75'2 75 2 74-2 73'2 73'2 73-4 74-4 760 76-2 76-2 77-0 77-2 78 6 77 9 774 
 76'3 76'2 77 - 77-4 77 2 76'8 76'2 757 75~2 
 
 75-3 
 757 
 77-3 
 77-2 
 78-0 
 761 
 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 co 13 
 14 
 ^ 15 
 
 e i6 
 
 E 17 
 
 C 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 
 74-2 74-2 74'2 741 74-2 74'5 76-9 77-2 77'6 78 2 77-5 77-2 78'5 78 2 78'0 
 771 77-0 80-9 79'9 79'9 76-2 75'4 757 75-2 75'2 7o 2 747 7*2 74-0 747 75-9 76'2 772 782 78'9 791 7-)0 787 785 
 79-2 791 78 3 78-3 78'0 77'2 75-2 75'2 75-4 75'3 75-2 75-5 76 7 75'4 75'5 76 2 77'2 777 78 78-4 78 5 78 6 78 7 79 4 
 79-4 79-0 79 2 80 2 80'3 78-8 78'0 78-4 76'4 7(r3 76-2 75-9 75'6 75 2 74'5 75-2 76 2 77'9 78'2 78 4 78'0 78-9 77-2 77 4 
 77-2 77-4 78-2 77'4 74-4 74'5 74-8 751 74'2 73'3 73-5 737 73'8 74 74-6 76-2 77-0 77 2 76 9 77-2 78 2 78'4 78'0 77-6 
 77-4 78-0 780 770 78'0 777 77'2 76-8 757 75'2 747 74-6 74-4 74'9 74'6 75'4 76'4 77'2 767 780 781 787 79-4 812 
 80-0 79-2 78 78 777 78-4 78-2 754 767 _ ________ 
 76-2 76 2 76-2 76 2 76 9 78 2 777 77 2 78'2 78'2 79'4 80-0 79 7 79 4 78'2 
 807 80-2 79-9 81-0 80-5 78'2 78-2 777 77'6 77'0 76-4 758 75-2 75'2 757 76'4 76-4 76'8 77'4 78'0 782 780- 79-0 78-1 
 78-4 767 79-9 800 80-4 78-2 781 77'2 75-9 75'5 752 747 74'2 74'4 74-4 751 75'5 757 772 76-5 771 780 795 800 
 79-4 77-2 78-5 787 787 787 787 78'5 777 77'2 76 7 76 7 767 76-2 77'2 78'9 77'2 76-4 781 78'5 792 78'9 80 82 
 81-4 807 797 793 801 80-0 80-2 79'2 76'4 7(i'8 772 77-0 767 76-2 771 77'2 77'2 772 776 767 76-2 77-6 777 781 
 77-6 79-4 79-6 79'4 798 78'8 79-2 78'9 77-2 76-5 75-8 75'5 75'2 758 76-4 76'9 76'2 761 78'0 801 79-2 79'4 80'4 801 
 80-6 80-4 80-2 79'8 79'4 791 791 78'3 777 - - - 
 
 76-4 
 77-0 
 771 
 77-5 
 76-0 
 76-9 
 
 77-9 
 
 77-8 
 77-0 
 78-2 
 781 
 78-0 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 
 787 78 2 777 77-2 78-0 78 7 79-0 78 2 78 2 77'4 78 787 79-2 80 3 80-9 
 81-2 79-5 79-5 79'5 79'2 79-5 79'9 787 78'2 78-2 78-2 777 77-2 78'0 78-3 79'5 789 782 772 78-0 79'4 781 799 820 
 01 79-4 77-8 774 772 78-4 79-2 79-4 79-4 78-8 78-2 78-2 78-2 780 79-4 80-2 80-4 81-2 Sl'O 78-0 785 801 807 811 
 80-9 80-8 80-4 80-4 80 4 80-2 79'4 797 80'0 791 78-2 76 7 75-2 74-3 74-2 75'2 76-2 77-2 78'2 78'4 791 787 80-0 80-4 
 80-2 79-4 79-0 79-0 785 79-0 78'9 78'8 787 78'4 78-2 777 77-2 76-2 772 78'2 79-2 80-0 79-0 79-0 77'4 781 80'0 81'0 
 801 80-2 79-4 79-4 79-4 80'2 801 80'0 797 797 797 79-5 79 2 79 2 78'6 782 78-2 78'6 792 784 787 787 79-9 80-5 
 80-3 807 80-2 804 80'2 80-4 80'2 80'2 79-4 
 
 78-9 
 78-9 
 79-2 
 78-5 
 787 
 79-4 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 /y o tii A /o y /o D /o y //'o 772 79'2 79'8 8u'2 81*0 81*7 ft! Q S9*l ftl-7 
 807 801 80-4 808 80-9 80-9 817 821 75'2 76'0 76-9 770 77'0 76'5 772 78'2 78-2 78'2 78-8 79-6 80'4 81-0 8V9 803 
 
 79-9 
 
 79-2 
 
 Means 
 
 791 78-8 78-8 78-9 787 78-3 78-0 77'6 767 76-5 7ti-2 75-9 75-6 75-6 761 76'8 77'2 77-6 77-9 78-3 78-5 78-8 79-2 79-5 
 
 777 
 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 17 
 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 Madras 
 Menu Time 
 
 h. m. h. rn. h. m. h. ra. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 S.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 OT.U 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 8.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 77-5 76-7 76-7 77-2 77'5 77-5 77'4 77'2 78-5 77'5 76-5 76'9 77'2 75-9 747 74'9 76'2 76-6 77'2 78-2 77-7 /9'0 78'4 79-3 
 78-6 79-0 78-7 78-6 78'2 78-2 78-2 78'8 787 78'4 78'2 777 77-2 75-2 75'4 761 78'0 78'2 78'2 77'0 77'3 78'0 78'1 78-9 
 80-0 787 77-4 77-4 781 78-4 78'2 76'2 76'2 75-8 75'4 75-6 757 757 767 77'2 78'2 77'0 78'0 767 77'9 77'0 78'0 78'8 
 78-5 79-9 79-9 79'6 79'6 79'2 79'2 78'8 70-2 75'3 74-4 74'3 74-2 75-2 75'5 76'9 78'2 797 80'2 79-0 797 80'9 81-2 80-5 
 797 7<)1 78'9 78'9 78'3 77'3 76'3 76' 76 -0 
 
 
 
 77-2 
 77-9 
 77-3 
 
 78-2 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 767 76-2 757 75-2 76 ; 77'4 78'0 79-2 797 80'9 81-5 81-6 81-0 80'4 807 
 80-4 80-2 79-4 79'0 78'0 77'6 77'4 76'2 747 74-8 75'0 74-8 74-5 75-2 74-5 75'2 75-4 76'2 76'2 77-4 78'9 80-4 80'3 807 
 80-2 80-4 78-5 80'0 80-0 791 78'9 77'4 77'2 77'3 77'4 77'3 77-2 77'2 77'8 79'5 79'8 79'8 80'0 80'2 80-5 817 777 78'8 
 79-0 807 79-5 781 77'2 75'2 75-2 75-2 75'4 757 761 74-9 737 74-2 75-2 76'2 77'2 77'5 78'4 791 781 78'4 80'3 81'5 
 81-0 79-6 79-4 79'8 79-3 77'4 767 76-2 76'2 76-5 76'8 76'6 76'4 76-3 77-3 78'2 787 78-8 78'5 78'0 77'8 777 78-4 81-0 
 80-4 797 80-2 80'0 777 77'2 76-2 757 757 75-8 76'0 761 76'2 76'0 767 77'2 78'2 77'6 77-0 771 77'5 78'0 80'0 79'9 
 78 - 781 78'4 771 77'6 77' 75-4 75- 71.-1. 
 
 78-4 
 77-2 
 78-9 
 77-2 
 78-0 
 77-6 
 
 co 13 
 $ 14 
 
 ^ 15 
 !* 16 
 g 17 
 K 18 
 
 10 
 
 757 75-2 757 76'2 76'2 77-2 78'9 78'2 79'0 79'4 79'2 78'4 79'2 79'6 79-6 
 787 77-4 75-4 75-4 771 77-2 76-4 76-2 77'2 76'6 701 75-9 75-6 74'6 76'2 76-2 77-0 78-4 76'4 77'6 79'0 787 80-0 79'3 
 79-5 78-2 791 80O 80-4 797 80'2 80-0 79'2 78'8 78'4 78'2 77'9 76'2 76-2 76'0 76'9 777 777 781 791 79'2 797 79'0 
 79-2 78-4 80-5 80-2 80'4 80-4 79'4 78'2 77'2 77'3 77'9 77'6 77'2 771 78'2 791 781 76'8 787 78'4 79'0 78-2 80-4 79-5 
 79-4 80-9 80-2 80-3 80'2 79-6 79'2 79-2 78-2 78'2 78'2 77'8 77'4 75-2 76-6 76'4 75'2 761 77'8 78'2 77'0 78'5 80'8 81-2 
 79-9 79-2 78-5 787 78'9 79'0 78'2 78'4 78'2 77'8 77'4 76'8 76'2 76-2 77-2 78-3 76-4 76'6 76'5 78'0 79'0 791 81'4 79'9 
 707 7Q-1 7Q-S 7Q-4 77-4 78-0 78-4 77-7 77-1 
 
 77-5 
 77-0 
 78-6 
 78-6 
 78-4 
 78-2 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 
 77-0 76-2 75-4 74'6 73'9 73'6 74-2 74'4 76'0 76-4 77-2 76'4 76'5 77-0 77'2 
 77-0 767 76-2 75'9 75-0 74'5 74'2 74-6 74'2 74-0 751 74'2 73'2 73-0 73'2 74-0 75-2 75-2 75-4 757 75'9 ~6'0 75-4 75'3 
 757 74-2 74-6 74'8 747 75'2 74'0 74-2 73'6 73'0 72'5 72'5 72'5 72-3 73'2 74'2 74'6 747 74-9 76'2 76'0 76'4 76'2 75'9 
 761 747 75-0 76-2 75'9 75'2 75'2 75'2 747 74'4 74-2 74'2 74-2 71-8 721 73'2 72'3 73-9 74-3 747 76'0 76'2 75'8 75-8 
 75-6 74-2 74-6 761 77-4 787 787 77'2 757 74'9 7i'2 73'2 72-2 721 73-2 73'2 73'2 7:J7 74'8 75'0 75'5 747 751 76-5 
 76-0 7.V4 77-2 78'2 78D 78-0 777 77'2 77'2 76'8 76'4 75'8 75'2 72-9 73'4 74-9 74'5 757 75'4 767 78D 77'2 78'0 78-0 
 77-4. 7t")-3 7^-2 77-O 7S-2 78-9 7fv2 7fi-9 7^-0 
 
 76-8 
 75-0 
 74-4 
 74-6 
 75-0 
 76-4 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 _ _ 74-1 74-2 74-3 74-4 731 74-3 757 771 76-0 76'4 78'0 787 79'0 79'9 79-5 
 787 78-0 77-0 75'4 751 75'6 76'2 757 75'8 76-0 76-2 75'9 75'5 75'4 76'2 77'6 76'8 767 78'4 79'2 79'0 80-5 81 '2 81-4 
 80-3 80-2 77-5 79-6 76'2 75-0 75-4 757 75'6 75-5 75'4 75-4 75'4 75'2 76'0 76'4 76'2 757 75'5 76'8 77'2 777 77'0 78-0 
 77-4 78'2 76-6 76'6 76'2 737 741 74'0 73'6 73'8 74-0 74'0 73'9 74'4 75'2 75'5 77'2 77'6 78-4 78-6 78'4 79'2 79-4 79-5 
 787 787 74-4 751 75-0 75-0 75"2 75-2 75-2 75-3 75-4 75-3 75-2 75-2 75-4 76-2 77-3 78'0 77-5 77'9 78'4 78'4 78-0 77-2 
 
 76-4 
 77-2 
 76-6 
 76-2 
 76-4 
 
 Means 
 
 78-6 78-2 777 78-0 777 77'3 77-0 76'6 76'2 761 75'9 75'6 75'3 74-9 75'5 76'3 767 77'0 77-4 77-8 781 78-4 78'8 79'0 
 
 77-1 
 
 1 
 o 
 
 78 7 78-9 79-4 75-2 76'0 75-9 76'2 76-2 747 74'9 75'2 74'6 74-0 73'3 741 7'2 77'0 76'9 78'4 787 79'0 787 78'0 79-4 
 78-2 7Q-i 70-Q 78-'? 77-8 78-1 77-1 7R-2 76-2 
 
 76-6 
 
 a 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 Q 
 
 731.73-2 73-3 73-3 73-2 73-2 74'0 747 751 75'4 76-2 76-2 77-2 777 78'4 
 78-2 807 79-0 78'2 78'0 78'2 78'2 78-2 76-2 75'3 74-5 '73'8 731 73-4 75'0 75-2 76-4 75-2 761 75-9 76-4 771 777 79'4 
 78-4 77-8 77-6 78-0 777 77'6 77'2 777 77'6 77'5 77'4 77'3 77'2 77'0 78'0 78'9 78-0 78'2 77'4 77'2 77'2 78'0 79'6 79-4 
 79-2 78-2 78-2 781 78'2 78'5 78'3 78'3 78'0 77'2 76'4 76'0 75'5 74'9 75'2 74-8 76'4 77'2 77'3 777 777 79-4 797 80-2 
 80-4 80-2 78-6 781 78-2 78-2 78'3 78'0 77'2 77'3 77'4 77'3 77-2 77'5 78-2 76-2 77'2 78'2 78'2 77'2 77'0 79-2.797 787 
 79-4 78-5 78-6 781 78'3 78-3 78'3 78'2 78'2 777 77'2 77'3 77-4 77'0 77'2 76'5 78'0 78'9 79'2 797 80'0 807 80-5 81'0 
 
 8fl-7 7<)-7 78-fi 77'8 77-K 7 r .-4 7">-4. 7 r >-7 7Vv> 
 
 76-0 
 76-6 
 
 77-8 
 77-5 
 781 
 78-5 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 1-2 
 13 
 S 14 
 
 ^ 15 
 EH i fi 
 co 
 3 17 
 
 8 18 
 
 ^ " 
 20 
 
 21 
 22 
 3 
 
 767 76-9 771 77'3 76-8 777 78-9 79-2 797 79-2 79-4 81-2 81-2 817 81-2 
 80-5 79-4 79-3 791 787 78'5 78-8 79'2 70-1 78' 78'2 767 75'2 74-4 75'2 77'2 78'0 78'0 787 78-2 79-2 77'2 80'2 81-2 
 81-2 80-9 81-4 80-9 80-4 79'6 79-4 78'9 79'2 78'8 78'4 78'3 78-2 77'2 777 78'4 80'0 79'6 79'4 80-0 81-2 82'0 82'0 81'2 
 80-4 80-0 79-0 78'8 791 79'0 78'6 78'2 76-9 76-6 76'3 76'3 76'2 76'2 77'2- 78'4 70-0 78'9 78'5 79-0 80'5 79-6 7-0 79-5 
 79-4 791 78-0 791 767 76-2 75-6 75-2 75'2 74-8 74-4 74'4 74-3 747 75'2 76'2 77'0 777 777 77'9 77'9 78'6 78'2 78'4 
 79-2 801 79-3 79-5 797 79-5 77-6 77'5 77'2 761 751 74-4 737 741 75'9 76-276-3 76-2 767 771 77'3 78'0 77'0 78'2 
 797 79'4 787 79'2 79'0 79'2 79-2 79'0 78'2 
 75-0 75-4, 75-8 76'2 761 75'2 757 761 76'0 767 76-4 77'0 77'2 7(V2 76'2 
 77-0 77-5 781 77-6 77'6 77'2 77'2 77'4 77'2 75-4 737 74-0 74'2 737 747 75-0 737 76'4 75'9 77'5 76'8 77'3 77'3 77'2 
 781 77-2 78-2 75-4 75-3 75-2 757 75-2 747 74-5 74'4 741 737 73'9 74-8 75-2 76-0 76'4 77'4 777 781 78'0 78'2 79'3 
 79-G 791 79-2 7G'3 757 751 75-2 75-2 75-2 75-2 75-3 75-2 75'0 75'3 76'0 77'2 78'2 77"4 78'4 78'4 79'5 797 79'9 SO'O 
 79-4 79-0 79-0 79'0 79'2 79-0 78'6 78-2 78'2 777 77'2 771 76-9 771 77'4 79'3 77'8 78'5 79'0 787 78'4 79'6 79'3 80'2 
 80-8 79-2 79-3 79'0 79-0 78-5 78-2 78'2 78-0 771 76-2 75-8 75'4 75'3 77'0 78'2 79'4 79'5 81-0 807 821 81'0 807 79'9 
 
 7Q'*; 78-ft 7Q'') 7R'7 77-ft 17-) 77-9 7fi'9 7"7 
 
 78-3 
 78-3 
 79-8 
 78-4 
 767 
 77-2 
 
 77-2 
 76-2 
 761 
 771 
 
 78-5 
 787 
 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 on 
 
 761 76-4 767 76-9 767 76'2 76-0 76'4 781 78'2 79-0 801 797 81'0 81-1 
 79-5 79-2 79-2 79-0 78'2 78-9 79'2 79'2 78'0 771 76-2 75'0 737 73-2' 73'3 74-2 757 777 78-5 79-3 79-2 78-4 79'2 79'2 
 807 78-5 77-8 77'5 77-2 77-2 77-4 771 75-4 75'3 75'2 75'3 75'4 76-0 76'2 75-3 76-6 77'0 76'2 76-4 77'4 781 79'2 78-8 
 79-2 791 78-0 77'4 77'2 77'0 77-2 76'9 76-2 76-2 76'2 76'3 76'4 76'4 76'5 77-4 78'2 79'0 80'0 80'6 80'4 80-2 82-4 82 
 811-9 80-0 79-9 79-6 79'4 79'0 75-2 75-4 747 74-9 75'2 75-4 75-6 75'5 76'2 77'2 77'0 78-4 78-2 787 791 79-2 79-3 79-2 
 79-2 787 777 77'0 77'2 76-4 77-2 76'9 76'2 76'0 75'9 75'5 75'0 74'8 75'2 75'4 77'2 78'2 77'9 76-2 77'3 761 76-2 75-2 
 
 7".'^ 7J.-9 *1 \ -Q 7Q-Q TQ-'? "T/l-l *7i-O *71 -O *7 1 J. 7O1 
 
 77-9 
 77-5 
 77-0 
 78-2 
 777 
 76-6 
 
 31 
 
 72-8 73-5 74-2 73'8 72'5 73'2 737 74-2 75-0 741 737 74'8 74-4 7-V4 
 
 74-0 
 
 Means 
 
 79-8 78-9 787 78'0 77'8 77-6 77-3 77-2 76'7 76'0 75'8 75-6 75-4 75-3 75'8 76'4 77'0 77'6 77-!.) 78'0 78'5 787 79'0 79-2 
 
 ] 77-4 
 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obUiniug the d.uly ni.'an '. 
 
 
18 
 
 MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Gottingen. 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Madras 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. TO. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. ni. h. m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. TO. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 
 Means 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3. U 
 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 O 
 
 i 
 
 75-2 74-7 74-0 73-3 73'2 73-1 73'0 73'2 72-5 72'4 72-3 71-9 71-5 71'4 72'3 73-4 74-0 74'2 74-2 75'4 75'0 76-2 77'0 76'9 
 
 73-8 
 
 n 
 t, 
 
 7G-0 76-1 75-9 75-1 74-5 74'4 74-2 73'2 71-9 72'0 721 7L-8 71'5 71-2 7l"3 72-3 73-2 74-2 75-0 76'2 77'0 757 75'4 74-5 
 
 73-9 
 
 
 
 75-3 75-9 75-5 74-5 74'4 74'0 731 73'2 72'5 72'0 71'6 71'9 721 72-5 72'8 73-4 74-0 75'2 75'4 75'5 76-0 757 75'8 76-7 
 
 741 
 
 4 
 
 76-9 76-1 76-5 77'4 77'3 75'2 74'8 74'8 77'0 77'6 78'2 78-2 78'2 77-2 76'2 77'2 76'2 76'7 76'7 777 76'5 77'9 77'7 78-3 
 
 73-9 
 
 r 
 
 78-7 78-9 78-5 78'2 77'5 78-4 787 777 78'0 78-1 78'2 78'2 78'2 77'2 77'9 791 79'0 78'6 78'2 77'9 77'2 76'4 77'3 78'9 
 
 7cfl 
 
 6 
 
 79-6 78-5 79-3 80-4 80'4 80-7 801 79-4 78'5 - 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 79-2 78-2 77-2 761 757 76'2 77'8 79-2 78'2 77'9 77-2 781 787 79-2 79-9 
 
 78-6 
 
 8 
 
 79-0 78-9 79-4 801 80-1 79-9 79'8 79-4 791 78-4 777 77-2 767 76'2 76'4 767 76-7 76'2 76'9 76'4 77'9 77'2 78-5 79'0 
 
 78-1 
 
 q 
 
 7 
 
 78-9 79-0 78-6 78-2 77'9 77-2 75-7 76'2 75-7 75-8 75-9 76'0 76-0 76-2 76-3 76'2 75-2 74-7 75-2 76'0 75-2 76'9 75'1 76-0 
 
 76-4 
 
 10 
 
 76-7 76-1 801 79-0 78'6 78-5 78-5 78'5 78-2 777 77'2 75-7 74'2 72-3 72-5 74-1 74-2 737 74'2 74-4 75'0 74'5 75'7 74'2 
 
 76-0 
 
 11 
 
 74-7 74-3 73-7 74-2 74-4 74-4 74-0 74-0 73'4 73'3 73-2 73'2 73-2 73-4 72'8 73'0 73'4 73-2 73'2 73-4 73'0 73-1 73'9 73'7 
 
 73-6 
 
 12 
 
 73-0 72-8 73-3 73'9 73-2 73-2 73'2 73'0 72'3 72-3 72'3 71'8 71'3 70'5 70-5 72-3 72'6 73'2 74-2 74'5 74'3 747 74-9 74'3 
 
 73-0 
 
 2 13 
 
 75-4 76' 75'1 74-6 74-8 74'7 74- 74'2 75 - 
 
 
 
 79-2 78-2 77-2 76'2 75'4 757 76'0 77-2 78-0 79'0 79'3 80'4 82'1 80-9 797 
 
 77-0 
 
 W 15 
 
 79-4 79-0 78-8 79'2 79-0 787 79-1 79-4 77-7 77'4 77'2 76'2 75'2 75-2 74-9 75-2 76'6 78'0 78-2 78-4 78'7 78-2 80-4 78-5 
 
 77-9 
 
 8 16 
 
 78-9 79-6 78-9 80'0 801 78-7 78-4 78'0 78'2 77'4 76'6 76'4 76-2 76'2 77-0 76-2 74-7 74-2 74-2 74-5 737 73-4 75-2 77'4 
 
 76-9 
 
 1 17 
 
 76-7 76-4 75-9 75'9 76-4 76-9 76-8 77'2 77-0 76-6 76'2 76-2 76'2 75'9 76-2 77'4 76'2 757 75-0 76-5 777 78'0 77-3 78-2 
 
 76-6 
 
 H 18 
 
 78-9 78-3 78-5 79-2 79-4 78-9 78-5 77'0 78-0 77-4 76'9 76-6 76-2 76'2 77-1 77'2 76-0 76'2 767 767 77'0 76'7 79-0 78'2 
 
 77-5 
 
 O-i iq 
 H 
 
 777 78-5 78-4 78-4 77-9 77-6 77-5 78-4 77-2 76-3 75-4 75-3 75-2 76'2 77-Q 78'0 77-2 76-2 75-5 76-7 75'5 76-0 77-4 79-4 
 
 77-0 
 
 53 20 
 
 79'8 791 78-9 787 78'4 78-5 78-4 78-6 787 
 
 
 21 
 
 76-2 76-2 76-2 76'2 76-7 76-5 77'2 79'0 79-2 78-2 77'5 79'0 797 79-9 79-6 
 
 78-2 
 
 22 
 
 79-4 79-2 79-0 78'4 78-4 78-2 78'2 78'0 77'2 77'3 77'4 77-3 77'2 77'2 76'7 777 78-9 79-4 79-2 79'4 79-2 79-9 77'4 78'0 
 
 78-3 
 
 23 
 
 78-2 78-8 78-6 78'6 78-9 77'5 77'3 77'9 77'4 77'2 771 77'2 77'2 77'2 77-4 .77'2 77'4 79-2 797 78-2 79-0 79-2 79-9 79-2 
 
 78-1 
 
 24 
 
 79-0 78-9 787 77-3 78-7 78-6 78-2 77-8 77~2 76-2 75-2 751 75-0 75-4 75-6 761 76-0 767 77'4 77-0 77-5 787 77-2 79-3 
 
 77-2 
 
 25 
 
 79-5 79-2 78-8 787 78-2 78'2 78-2 78'2 78'7 77'6 76-5 76" 1 75-6 75-2 75-8 76-0 77'2 78-2 79'0 79-5 79'4 80-3 80-0 79-9 
 
 78-1 
 
 26 
 
 79-4 78-5 781 78-0 78-0 75-2 75-2 75'4 761 76-1 76'2 76'2 76-2 75-0 751 76'0 77'2 78-2 78'7 80'0 80'8 801 81-2 80'0 
 
 77-5 
 
 27 
 
 79-9 79-3 77-2 76 - 9 787 78'2 78-7 791 78-7 
 
 
 28 
 
 75-9 75-7 75-5 75-2 75-2 74-2 74-2 74-5 76-4 77-7 787 787 77'5 75-7 75-9 
 
 771 
 
 29 
 
 78-0 78-2 78-2 78'2 77-ff 77'6 77'6 77-4 77'0 77-1 77'2 76-8 76'3 76'6 78-2 78'3 80-0 80-0 80'4 80'5 81'0 81'4 80-2 80-0 
 
 78-5 
 
 30 
 
 79-7 79-4 78-9 78-9 787 78-7 78-7 787 78-6 78'6 787 78-8 78-9 751 75-2 76-2 76-7 767 77-4 79-0 78-2 80-3 80-2 80-7 
 
 78-4 
 
 Means | 77'8 777 77'6 77'5 77'5 771 76-9 76'8 76-6 76'4 761 75'8 75-5 751 75-3 75'9 76'3 76-6 76-8 77-2 77;3 77'6 77'8 77'9 | 76-8 
 
 1 
 
 80-1 79-4 79-0 78'0 78'6 77'9 77-9 78-2 73'2 74-3 75-4 751 74-7 74-2 75-0 76 2 78-5 78-8 777 787 80-4 81-0 80'9 80-1 
 
 77-6 
 
 2 
 
 79-2 79-0 79-0 78-6 78'8 79-2 79'2 79-2 79-9 78'0 76'2 767 77'2 77'1 77'4 78 5 801 80'4 77-5 76'4 78'9 801 80-6 78'9 
 
 78-6 
 
 3 
 
 80-1 76-2 75-9 76'0 76-4 76'0 76'0 75-8 76'0 75-8 757 75-6 75-5 76'2 77'2 77'8 78'2 78'7 79-1 807 82'0 817 82-1 8M 
 
 77-7 
 
 4 
 
 80-4 79-4 79-4 78'8 78-2 78'2 777 77-5 77'2 
 
 
 5 
 
 77-5 77-8 77-8 77-8 77'2 78'2 78'0 77-2 78'6 80-2 80-5 80-2 80'0 80'2 79'2 
 
 78-6 
 
 6 
 
 80'2 79-2 79-1 78'6 78'8 78'8 78-2 77'8 77-7 77-5 77-4 77'4 77-4 77'2 777 791 79-2 80O 80-1 80-7 81'0 80'0 80'2 80'2 
 
 78-9 
 
 7 
 
 80-2 79-4 79-6 79'4 79'4 79'1 78'9 77-4 78-2 78'2 78'2 78'2 78'2 78'2 777 78'8 76-2 76'9 77-2 79-2 80'" 79-2 79'2 787 
 
 78-6 
 
 8 
 
 78-2 79-0 78-9 78'6 78'6 78'5 78-5 78-5 75-4 74'2 73'0 73'2 73-4 73'2 74'0 74'3 74-4 74-2 75-3 75-9 76-2 76'4 76'7 76'6 
 
 76-1 
 
 9 
 
 76-7 76-2 76-4 76-2 76'0 74'2 74-5 74'2 75-4 75'3 75'3 75-3 75'2 75'2 75'2 75-2 75-5 757 76'4 77-2 777 78'0 77'4 77-2 
 
 75-9 
 
 10 
 
 767 76-2 76-5 757 74-5 73'2 72-3 71'8 71'3 71-0 70-8 70-8 70-8 70'5 71-3 72-8 74'4 75-2 77-0 76'0 76'5 77-2 77'2 78-2 
 
 74-1 
 
 ' 11 
 
 771 777 77-2 757 75'2 75'8 767 76'2 76'2 - 
 
 
 12 
 
 76-2 76-2 76-2 76-2 75'0 76-0 77'3 76-4 76-3 761 73-6 76-0 76'0 74'1 75-4 
 
 76-0 
 
 S 13 
 
 78-0 781 78-1 77-4 76'9 75-6 75-4 74-5 75-2 75-2 75'2 747 74-2 74-2 76'0 781 79'2 79'2 76-6 79-2 80'4 79'9 80'0 787 
 
 77-1 
 
 2 14 
 
 78-2 78-6 78-2 78'0 77-4 77-0 76-4 76-3 76'0 75-4 74'9 74-6 74-3 74-2 76'0 76'8 78-7 787 767 77-2 78'4 78'2 77-2 78-0 
 
 * ( A 
 
 76'9 
 
 PS 15 
 
 78-6 79-2 78-3 78'2 777 77'0 76-3 75-9 76'4 76-0 757 75-5 75'3 751 76'4 77'9 78'2 78'0 76-3 76'2 77-2 78-0 78-2 78-o 
 
 77-1 
 
 PQ 16 
 
 78-2 767 76-4 76-2 76'2 75-4 75-2 74'9 74-5 74-2 74'0 74-0 74'0 73-3 75'2 77-2 75-6 75'2 76-7 78-2 78-2 77-4 77-2 77-T 
 
 1 t JL 
 
 7f ) -O / 
 
 o 17 
 
 77-7 77-9 78-0 78- 1 78'2 77-9 77'6 77'6 77'2 77'2 77-2 77-3 77'3 76'8 75'6 77'0 77'4 791 79-2 79-0 79-0 77-0 78-2 78-8 
 
 / J t7 
 
 77-0 
 
 H 18 
 
 72-3 72-6 72-1 7 1-9 72'3 72'3 72'8 72'0 71'8 - _____ 
 
 I/O 
 
 O TO 
 
 O 
 
 73-5 75-2 75-6 75-9 76-2 76-9 777 78-2 78'0 78'2 77-4 75-2 75-0 77'4 777 
 
 7A-Q 
 
 20 
 
 77-4 76-2 76-0 75'5 75-8 74'9 74-4 74-4 74-4 74-0 73-7 73-6 73-4 73'2 74'4 76-7 77'2 78'2 76'2 76'4 77-S 77-1 7V7 77-9 
 
 * "* *7 
 
 21 
 
 75-7 76-2 75-4 75'2 75-2 74-0 73'9 73-4 74'2 73-9 73'6 73-9 74-2 74-0 75-2 76-2 77'2 77-2 76-2 74-0 741 78-^ 78-9 77-fi 
 
 Jt 
 
 22 
 
 75-6 76-2 76-5 757 757 75-2 74-9 75-4 761 75-5 74'9 74-1 73-3 731 741 76'0 76-7 78'2 77'2 77-4 78-2 78-9 78-1 7 i 
 
 / > ' o 
 7K-M 
 
 23 
 
 781 78-2 77-6 767 76'0 76'2 76'0 75-2 75'2 75-3 75'4 75'3 75'2 75-0 75'8 76-4 78'0 78-2 78'2 76-2 7VP 7<V8 7fi-9 TA 7 
 
 /O U 
 
 24 
 25 
 
 75-5 75-2 75-2 75'4 74-0 74'2 74'2 73-4 737 737 73'8 73'5 73-2 72-6 74-1 74-2 76-4 75-9 72'8 73-4 72-5 73-9 79-s 79 Q 
 71-7 72-0 71-4 71-5 72'3 72'4 72'0 717 711 - 
 
 73-9 
 
 26 
 
 70-6 701 69-8 69'5 691 70'3 721 73'2 72-8 72-8 74-0 72'0 72--S 7^1 7^9 
 
 *71 -"7 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 72-5 72-3 72-3 72'3 72'5 72'9 72-9 72-5 72-3 71'8 71'3 70-9 70'4 70-3 71'0 73-2 75-0 74-0 74-4 76-2 tt-7 7*2 7A 1 (c A 
 757 74-5 74-9 74-4 747 747 74'2 73-5 72'8 72-5 72-3 72-1 71-8 71-5 73-2 74-3 74'8 75-0 74-2 76-2 77-2 7fi-9 7^-9 7- o 
 
 tit 
 
 73-0 
 
 *7 A O 
 
 29 
 
 75-9 75-4 75-2 757 75-5 74'7 737 73'9 74'0 74-1 74-2 74-1 73-9 73'2 74'3 75-4 75'5 751 73-4 74-9 7 ' v o 7*.n 7^0 7 o 
 
 74 A 
 
 n A .0 
 
 30 
 
 75-3 74-5 75-0 75'0 75-0 75'2 74-4 74'2 73-2 72'6 72-1 717 71-3 711 72-8 75-0 751 76'2 76'0 77-2 77-2 77-0 7 \ <* 
 
 rao 
 
 *7 A T 
 
 31 
 
 77-1 77-4 77-3 77-0 77'2 76-4 76'4 75'2 74'3 741 73-9 737 73'5 74'2 75'2 76-4 78'0 77-6 78'2 78-2 77-8 7S-1 <fo\ 79!* 
 
 IV 1 
 
 76-4 
 
 Means 
 
 77'1 76'8 76 - 6 76"3 76"2 75-8 75'6 75'2 74'9 74'7 74'6 74'5 74'3 741 75'0 76'2 76'8 771 767 77-0 77'4 77-fi 77-p 77-41 
 
 761 
 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 19 
 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 (Corrected to the Kcw Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Gotfcingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 45 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily an< 
 
 Martrns 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h m. h. m. h ra. h. m. h. m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. -h. m. h. m h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 18.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 '21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 241 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 } 
 
 * * 
 
 ooooooooooooo.ooooo oooooo 
 
 77-7 77- -: ! 77-2 76-9 7fi-fi 76-3 7(vl 7V3 74-2 
 
 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 r. 
 6 
 
 7 
 a 
 
 74-2 74-2 73-9 73-5 72-6 737 76-2 75'0 75-9 77"3 77'2 77'4 75-4 77'2 74'2 
 76-8 73-9 73-2 73-2 73'3 734 73'3 73'2 73'2 73'6 74'0 73'3 72'5 72-1 73'2 75'0 75'6 75'5 757 767 76'2 74-1 74-7 751 
 74-0 73-2 73-5 74'0 74'0 72'8 73-4 724 72'3 72'3 72-3 71'6 70'8 71-1 71-5 72'8 744 74-0 74-4 73-9 75'5 75'2 74-1 74-1 
 73-0 73-2 71-9 71'9 71'6 71'5 71-6 71-2 70'3 694 68'5 684 68'3 68'2 69-1 7M 73'2 76'0 74-2 754 73'2 71-7 71-3 72'3 
 70-8 70-8 70-9 711 70'6 70'5 69-3 69-0 68'3 67'8 67'3 674 67-5 67'2 68'3 714 73'2 734 74-2 73-2 74-2 74-3 74'3 74'5 
 74-2 73-8 73-5 73-4 73-4 737 73'2 73'2 71'9 71'6 71'3 71'3 71'3 70'9 71-1 73'5 74'2 74'0 75-2 74-7 754 76'5 75'0 741 
 73' 73'8 73'5 73'9 741 74'2 714 737 741 
 
 75-6 
 74-2 
 73-2 
 71-5 
 70-8 
 73-4 
 
 c 
 10 
 
 CD 11 
 
 eg 12 
 13 
 P3 14 
 W 
 
 a IB 
 
 H 17 
 > 18 
 g 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 
 72-7 71-3 71-6 71'9 721 72'8 73-6 74-9 73-3 76-4 721 75-9 74-6 75-0 74-6 
 73-7 73-7 74-0 74'0 74'0 73'2 73'5 73'2 73-2 73-4 73-6 74-7 75'8 71-3 731 75'0 751 76'2 76'9 75'6 77'0 76-5 75-3 74-9 
 73-9 73-2 73-4 73'2 741 73-5 72'9 72'8 72'6 72-4 72-3 71'2 701 70'0 70'3 71-3 72'2 721 72'8 73-0 72'5 72-4 72-5 72-9 
 72-8 73-2 731 731 734 73-2 73'2 73-2 73'2 734 737 72'6 71'5 72'5 73'0 731 734 74'0 75'8 761 754 75'0 74-4 74'2 
 73-4 72-5 72-5 72'3 72-3 72'3 72-2 72-3 721 71'6 71'2 71'3 71'3 71-3 72-0 73'2 757 76'8 77'2 76'9 761 76'2 75'6 75'3 
 75-5 74-4 75-0 75'8 75'0 73'9 74'2 73'9 737 73'4 731 73'3 73'4 72'4 71-8 72'5 72-6 737 75'4 757 77"0 75'2 757 75'9 
 76-0 75-4 75-2 75'2 75'0 74'2 747 74-2 74'2 _____ 
 74-8 75-4 74-9 74-4 74-2 74-2 75'0 74'2 74'0 75'2 75-2 76'0 75'2 75'2 757 
 747 737 73-4 73'6 73'5 73'3 73'2 73'2 74-2 74'8 75'4 75-2 75'0 75'2 757 76-4 77-0 767 77-4 76-4 76'8 77-4 757 751 
 74-5 74-3 74-2 74-0 73-9 74-2 74-0 73'2 73'2 72'8 72'5 72'5 72-4 72-3 72'3 73'2 74'0 741 73-4 727 73'0 73'5 73'5 737 
 737 737 73-2 72'5 72'3 72'9 73'2 73'2 74'2 741 741 73'9 737 70-6 69-9 701 69'8 71'2 73'2 74-9 741 74'4 74'5 74-5 
 74-6 72-5 73-9 73'9 73'8 747 73-6 73'9 73'6 71'9 70'3 69-9 69-5 697 69-3 687 68'3 68'9 701 70'6 72'3 737 711 711 
 70-8 711 71-0 71-3 71'3 71-3 711 69'3 69'3 70'2 711 71'2 71'3 70-5 71'3 72'8 74-4 741 75'3 75'2 747 747 73'0 74'2 
 74'6 71"' 71'0 74' 717 75' 75' 75'0 75' 
 
 737 
 74-5 
 72-4 
 73-6 
 73-5 
 74-3 
 
 74-9 
 751 
 73-4 
 73-0 
 717 
 721 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 ______ 75-1 75-0 74-9 747 74-4 75'3 76'2 76-8 77'0 76'9 767 76'2 77'0 76-5 76-9 
 757 75-2 75-4 75'4 751 747 74-3 741 73'2 73-2 73'2 73'6 74-0 73-9 74'4 75'2 75'9 76-0 761 76'4 771 76'0 76'0 76'8 
 767 757 757 75~9 75-0 74'9 74'9 74-8 74'2 74-2 74'3 741 73-9 74-2 74'2 75'8 76-4 76'2 76-4 75'6 75'5 75'2 75'2 751 
 75-2 75-3 75-9 75'9 75-9 75'8 75'6 75'4 75'2 74'8 74'5 74-8 75'0 75'0 75'4 767 77'2 76'6 75'9 751 74'4 74-4 74'9 74-3 
 73-9 73-4 73-4 731 72-2 72'5 72-0 71'6 71'3 70'8 70'3 69-6 68'8 68'3 68'3 70'0 701 70'3 711 71'4 71'4 71-8 71'6 71'9 
 711 70-6 70-8 71-0 711 71-2 71'2 711 71'3 71'2 711 70'6 701 69'2 69'3 70'5 70'4 71'4 70'5 71'8 71'6 71-5 71'3 714 
 70 - 5 71'0 71'3 71 - 1' 711 71'0 71'0 7T3 711 
 
 75-5 
 75-0 
 75-2 
 75-4 
 71-2 
 70-9 
 
 30 
 
 697 68-4 68-3 68'3 68'5 68'8 70'3 69-3 69-5 697 70-0 69'3 701 70-0 711 
 
 70-0 
 
 Means 
 
 74-0 73-6 73-6 73'6 73-5 73'4 73'3 72-9 72'8 72'5 72'3 72'2 72'0 71'5 71-9 73'2 737 74-0 747 74-5 747 74-5 741 74'2 
 
 73-4 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 707 70-4 70-5 71'3 70'8 70-3 70'5 7O3 70'3 69'9 69-6 69'5 69'3 69'8 701 71'0 69'3 69'3 69'5 701 70'5 701 69'5 70'3 
 70-5 69-6 69-4 68'9 68'8 69'4 69-4 701 701 701 701 697 69'3 691 68'3 68-5 701 71'3 71-8 71'3 70'0 69'3 687 69'2 
 68-3 68-5 68-3 67'8 677 677 67'5 67'6 68'3 67'8 67'4 67'4 67'3 67'8 681 68'3 69'8 70-5 70-3 71'0 70'9 70'0 70'8 711 
 71-0 71-3 71-3 71-0 707 71-3 71-3 71-5 7O2 707 71-3 717 721 711 701 68'8 69'9 70'5 71'3 711 717 70'8 70'5 711 
 68-5 68-2 677 681 68'0 67'3 67-3 67'8 67'5 681 68'8 69'5 701 70'3 707 71'3 72'3 72'9 73'2 72'8 731 72'3 731 71'5 
 
 71 ! 71 -O 71-'3 7O-Q 7ft'8 71-4. 7(V1 RQ-1 flQ'l 
 
 701* 
 697 
 68-8 
 70-9 
 70-0 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 1* 
 
 CO 13 
 
 69-0 68-9 691 69'3 69-3 69-3 67'3 66'9 66-9 67'3 67'3 67'3 67'6 69-4 69-5 
 70-6 71-3 73-0 73-2 72'8 73'2 72'8 72'3 73-2 73'2 73'2 73'5 737 73'8 73'2 68'2 71-2 72-9 75'0 757 75-2 74-0 74'2 74-0 
 73-0 73-5 73-2 73'0 72'9 72'3 72'8 72'4 72'8 72-3 71'9 721 72-3 71'9 711 721 72'3 73'6 731 74-9 75'3 75-9 75'4 76'0 
 75-2 747 737 73'2 72-5 72'8 72-9 731 73'2 73'2 73-2 73"2 73'2 73'4 73'2 73'0 73'9 747 74'9 75-2 761 75'3 757 76'0 
 747 737 737 73'4 73'5 74'5 72-8 73'2 72'5 72'8 73-2 73'3 73'4 73'2 73-0 74'6 75'2 76'0 761 75'9 75'0 75'2 757 75'2 
 74-4 74-2 74-2 74-4 73'9 737 73'4 73-2 73'4 73'3 73'2 73'4 73'6 72'6 731 73'5 74'8 75'2 76'2 75-4 75'0 75'9 76-2 751 
 74-4 74-0 73-8 73'3 7S7 73-4 73-4 73-4 74'9 
 
 691 
 731 
 73-2 
 74-0 
 
 74-2 
 74-2 
 
 it 
 
 w 
 pa 16 
 
 S 17 
 
 18 
 W 19 
 
 Q o,) 
 
 73-6 73-0 72-9 72'8 72-8 72-6 73-2 737 74-2 74-2 74-4 75-0 74-4 741 74'0 
 737 73-2 73-2 73-2 73'0 73-2 72-8 72'5 72-3 72'0 71-8 71-8 71-8 717 71-8 72'8 74-2 737 747 76'0 74-5 737 73'9 737 
 73-0 72-3 72-5 72-5 72'5 72-3 72'3 727 71-3 71-0 70'8 707 70-6 69-3 69'8 72-3 72'5 72'8 73-2 72-8 72'5 72'4 72'3 72'0 
 71-3 70-8 70-4 70'4 70'2 697 70-5 70"0 701 697 69'3 69'4 69-4 69'0 68'6 70'9 71'3 72-3 72'8 71'6 71'9 71-5 721 70'9 
 70-5 70-2 70-2 70'4 70'5 70'5 70'3 69'9 69-4 68'8 68'3 67'8 67'3 67'3 67'3 68-5 68-3 6>3 701 70'2 69-4 697 70'0 69'2 
 69-5 69-2 691 691 68'5 68'0 68'5 68'8 687 681 67'5 (57-9 68'3 68'8 68'5 69'9 70'3 687 691 68'8 68'6 69'2 69'8 69'5 
 68-1 68-4 fift-9 fift- 1 ! fift- 6 ! fiQ-1 fiP-^ fiQ-fi fiQ-S 
 
 737 
 731 
 71-9 
 70-6 
 69-3 
 68-9 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 23 
 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 70-0 70-8 70-2 69-5 68'3 67-3 68-9 69-5 68"3 68'8 69'2 70'3 69'S 69-3 687 
 68-0 67-2 67-2 66'3 66'0 66'0 66'0 671 67'4 68-0 68-6 68'5 68'3 68'3 68'3 70'3 70'3 71'0 70'8 71'0 70'8 69'3 70'3 70'2 
 70-3 70-6 70-8 71-0 70'5 70'5 70'5 70-0 68'8 68'6 68'5 68"3 681 67'8 681 69-5 707 70'3 711 70'3 71'5 707 70'5 69-5 
 701 69-2 69-2 70'3 69-5 69'0 69'3 69'3 69'4 9'2 69'0 68'9 68'8 687 68'2 67'6 69'3 68'5 687 69'2 67'8 691 68'8 68'5 
 69-3 691 69-2 69'3 69'3 70'0 70'0 70'4 701 697 60-3 691 68-9 68'3 68'4 68'5 70'0 707 71'6 70'5 711 70'3 701 69-4 
 69-8 69-4 69-6 691 69'3 69'3 691 69'3 691 687 68-3 68'6 68~8 68'5 691 70'0 707 70'3 70'3 70'3 687 69'4 701 70-6 
 
 70-^ 71 <"> 7fl'7 7A'Q 71 -n 7O-B 70'^ I 7t}-z. 7O-Q 
 
 691 
 68-6 
 69-9 
 69-0 
 697 
 69-4 
 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 69-3 68-3 67-8 67-2 66'9 66'4 67'9 69'0 69'5 68'6 70-0 69-3 69'2 69'5 69'0 
 68-3 68-8 68-3 69-3 69'8 69-5 69-3 691 69'3 68'8 68'3 687 69-0 68'3 67'3 687 707 71-3 72'0 72'3 721 72'5 72'3 72'3 
 721 72-3 72-3 717 71-5 71"6 717 72'3 72'3 72-3 72'3 72'2 72'0 71'8 71'5 721 73'0 74-2 74'2 74'4 73'2 73'4 74'2 74'6 
 72-8 72-8 731 72'9 72'8 727 72'5 72'2 72-3 72'3 72-3 72-2 721 72-3 72-2 72'3 71'8 72'3 74'4 74-2 74'0 73'6 73'4 73'2 
 
 69-3 
 69-8 
 72-6 
 72-8 
 
 Moans 
 
 711 70-9 70-9 70-9 707 707 70'6 707 70'6 70-4 70'3 70'3 70'2 70'0 69-8 704 71'2 71-5 72'0 721 71'9 717 71'9 71'6 
 
 70-9 
 
 * Tho numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily moans. 
 
20 
 
 MADRAS, 1856-METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OP THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Qottingen , 
 Moan Time ^ 
 
 *oon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 | 
 
 )ailyant1 
 tfonthly 
 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.ra. h.m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h.m h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 B.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12,41 13.41 14.41 15.41 18.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 co 5 
 8 6 
 
 - 7 
 fa 8 
 
 9 9 
 
 J3 10 
 
 fc 11 
 3 12 
 
 1 13 
 
 03 14 
 
 a 15 
 
 H " 
 W I/ 
 H 18 
 
 fe 19 
 20 
 N 21 
 22 
 P 23 
 K 24 
 S 25 
 W 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0-85 0-84 0-84 0'87 0-87 0-85 C"86 0-87 0-88 0*88 0'88 0*89 0'90 0'92 0'93 0'89 079 075 0'76 0'67 0'72 071 0'72 0'73 
 75 -81 -80 -82 -83 -84 -95 "91 -97 '96 -95 -96 -98 '95 -95 '89 '86 -77 '73 '67 '67 4 67 -66 
 68 -74 -79 -86 '92 '91 '92 -92 -93 "94 -94 -94 -95 -95 '95 '88 '80 -77 '64 -64 '63 '63 -62 
 64 -71 -76 -84 -87 -89 '91 -89 '88 '89 -90 '92 -94 '94 '92 '86 '80 '74 -67 '64 -62 '61 '64 '67 
 
 0-828 
 833 
 
 815 
 798 
 
 800 
 803 
 835 
 820 
 802 
 806 
 
 788 
 739 
 757 
 807 
 803 
 805 
 
 776 
 766 
 801 
 796 
 795 
 760 
 
 774 
 764 
 787 
 792 
 
 SIN 
 
 /u / o /o oo yu yu yu yu y4 
 ___ _ -93 -91 -90 -90 -92 '94 '84 '77 '72 -63 '61 -61 '61 '63 '65 
 65 '73 -78 '83 -87 -90 '91 -91 -91 '92 -92 -91 '91 -94 '94 '86 '82 '72 -63 '64 '64 -64 -64 '66 
 70 -74 :86 -89 -90 '93 '90 -91 '91 '93 -94 '94 -95 '95 '95 '89 '82 '76 -72 '69 '69 '68 '70 '68 
 71 -77 -81 -87 -90 -92 '91 -91 -93 '94 -94 -94 '95 '93 '91 '93 '84 '79 -68 '62 -60 '61 "63 '65 
 66 '69 -79 '79 '84 -86 '^6 -90 -91 -92 -92 -91 '90 -92 '90 '89 -79 '72 '69 -67 '68 -70 '07 '66 
 66 '74 -77 '80 -81 -85 '89 '90 -91 -94 -96 "95 "94 -94 "93 '91 "80 -72 -65 '65 -65 '62 '67 -68 
 
 7U 10 it it o(J oo oo bo oo - 
 -91 -95 -94 -93 -90 "89 '83 "74 -67 "66 -65 '65 '70 -68 -69 
 65 '72 -68 '71 '70 -73 '71 -70 -79 '"85 -91 -89 '87 '89 -89 '79 '77 -73 '62 -60 "61 '63 -65 -65 
 63 -67 -7] -73 '71 '73 '77 -76 -82 '83 -84 -89 '95 -90 "94 -90 '78 '66 '64 '61 -66 -67 -67 -69 
 71 '71 -79 '79 -80 -87 '89 -91 -91 -92 -93 -93 '94 -95 "91 -91 "78 "75 -67 -66 -67 "66 -65 -66 
 69 '77 -84 '87 -85 -91 '94 -93 -91 '93 '95 -94 "94 -94 -95 "91 "81 -72 -61 -53 '57 "55 -57 '63 
 71 '78 -82 -82 -82 -82 '93 '91 -91 "92 -93 -93 -94 -91 "95 '90 '82 -74 -65 "58 "60 '61 "64 '67 
 
 flQ -*7A, '7A 7fi '7'7 'TO -ftA -7Q *GQ 
 
 -84-85-85 -86 -86 "88 '81 '75 -74 -70 '70 '72 '69 "71 '71 
 72 -72 -74 -76 -77 "78 -79 -81 -80 '82 -84 -87 -90 -91 -89 -82 -78 '71 -67 '67 '66 -64 '65 -67 
 68 -72 -77 -81 -84 -85 -89 -90 -91 '92 -92 '91 '91 -95 '93 '88 '76 '72 -67 -66 '66 -66 '66 '65 
 63 -70 -77 -83 -88 '89 -87 -88 -91 -91 -91 -91 "92 -91 . "91 -90 -78 '69 -71 -64 '65 -63 -63 "65 
 64 -72 -79 -85 -86 -91 -91 -91 -91 -91 -90 -91 -92 -94 '92 -82 -81 "73 -63 -62 -63 -60 -62 '62 
 67 -70 -74 -75 -76 '79 -77 "80 -91 -91 -91 '90 -90 '92 -94 '83 '76 '70 -61 -60 -58 '58 -60 '61 
 
 <> -7 -77 -7Q -C1 -QA -R3 -8A, -Ofl 
 
 __ ___ -91-91-92 -93 -91 -92 '85 "78 '65 '69 -61 -59 -60 -61 -62 
 64 -68 -74 -75 -76 -75 -80 -81 -80 '80 -80 "85 '91 -91 -90 -86 '76 -73 -68 '68 -67 -70 -67 -69 
 71 -75 -76 -78 -79 -81 -82 -83 -83 '83 -82 "83 '85 '94 -91 -86 '83 '81 '71 '68 -69 '69 -68 -68 
 69 -72 -73 -74 -75 -83 '84 -86 '83 '87 '90 '91 '93 '94 -92 '84 78 '76 '70 -69 -68 '68 '69 -73 
 75 -81 -83 -83 '84 -85 '86 '87 -85 '86 -86 '88 '90 -95 -93 '89 -80 -73 -69 -70 -72 -71 '75 -77 
 
 Means -686 -735 "777 "806 -823 -846 -864 -865 -883 -896 -903 -908 '919 -926 -922 -868 -792 -730 '671 '644 -649 -647 '656 -668) 0-795 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 co 5 
 
 lO 
 
 OO U 
 
 7 
 
 s 
 
 2 1C 
 
 n 
 
 * ] ? 
 
 03 14 
 
 1 
 g 1 
 
 1! 
 
 > IS 
 
 fe 1C 
 
 o 2( 
 
 55 2] 
 O c>f 
 i < 
 
 O3 9-; 
 }Z 
 
 W 24 
 H 2.' 
 2( 
 2: 
 2* 
 2J 
 3( 
 31 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. IP. 
 0-752 0-745 0740 0'748 0-746 0728 0730 0743 0749 0744 0739 0735 0732 0725 0733 0753 0764 0755 0752 0708 0734 0725 0'70'J 0719 
 725 -724 -685 -689 -684 '677 -6K -641 -684 '670 '656 '657 '659 -640 -639 -686 '751 -749 -723 -664 -652 '694 "684 -676 
 673 -671 -681 -678 -679 '664 -667 '667 '659 '655 '651 '645 -639 -620 '611 '673 -704 -726 -635 "640 -652 -653 '645 -<;::s 
 623 -647 -649 ;651 -658 '659 -645 '636 -631 '617 '603 '598 '593 -587 '581 '653 '705 '707 -665 '658 '641 -636 -660 -678 
 fi77 -fiftl fi'll -fifiR -fifiO -R^S -642 '642 -fiM 
 
 In. 
 
 0738 
 683 
 659 
 641 
 
 (540 
 
 or,.-) 
 
 689 
 698 
 <>77 
 692 
 
 685 
 653 
 6S8 
 
 697 
 683 
 687 
 
 704 
 711 
 
 692 
 684 
 658 
 667 
 
 623 '595 -588 '582 -572 -586 '625 '670 '703 -647 '631 '645 -637 '650 -680 
 656 -669 -677 '659 -660 '654 -649 -644 -641 '635 '628 '616 '605 -605 -602 -655 '726 '727 -653 '657 -679 '673 '673 -688 
 702 "704 -699 -705 -684 -681 -661 -662 '666 '664 '662 '648 '635 -628 '635 '700 '753 '736 '715 '728 -713 '720 -710 -719 
 713 '734 -736 '725 -724 '718 '709 '688 -692 '692 '691 '684 '678 '661 -666 '707 '763 '776 '689 '634 -652 -669 -674 '681 
 672 '666 -702 '693 -658 '674 '667 '669 -664 '654 '644 -640 '637 '611 -604 '697 '739 '727 '702 '719 -711 -720 '707 <i7'2 
 672 '705 -698 '690 -694 '696 -705 -706 -691 '691 '690 '688 '686 -669 -658 "706 '739 "741 '681 '687 "702 "645 -(iSl <;!>() 
 "600 '683 '685 '678 '693 '702 '693 '690 "678 
 
 687 '695 -671 '647 '628 -637 '662 '691 '688 '683 '700 -701 -747 '712 '688 
 650 '681 -619 '640 -620 '641 '623 '606 '672 '680 '687 -660 '634 '636 '636 '645 '683 '716 -634 '644 -655 '672 -07:5 -656 
 626 '633 -654 '657 -640 '643 '671 '658 '653 '650 '647 '650 '653 '625 -650 '685 '745 '661 '658 '652 -703 -696 -690 '705 
 702 '6;6 -703 '705 '701 '713 '696 '693 '693 "693 '693 '683 '673 '653 '644 -664 '699 '752 -696 '730 -719 -707 '722 -711 
 743 -739 -718 '722 -694 '703 699 '690 665 '659 '653 '647 '642 '633 '649 '710 '719 '725 '671 '651 "675 -659 -648 -683 
 724 '736 -736 '714 -704 '706 724 -690 -664 "661 '658 -645 '633 '601 -635 -703 -736 '739 -692 '653 '660 -672 '696 '709 
 712 '701 -689 '690 '690 '672 '680 '660 '678 - 
 
 '698 '717 -716 '716 -716 -703 '704 '712 '731 720 711 731 723 723 715 
 695 '679 -683 '695 700 -717 722 727 709 712 714 723 732 719 704 711 747 713 713 722 -718 709 702 706 
 712 '697 702 '699 -693 '677 '677 '678 '669 '661 '653 -659 '666 -660 -648 714 718 747 736 703 706 731 712 701 
 676 '699 723 714 -695 '697 '679 '659 -682 '668 '653 '649 '645 -617 -626 705 738 715 721 '679 '695 -693 '691 -697 
 675 '691 -676 '673 '671 '660 -648 '645 -637 '631 '624 '615 "607 -612 -618 -622 732 711 '675 -670 '683 '660 -681 ('.:: 
 705 -697 -694 '696 -693 "677 '651 '639 -664 '606 -648 '636 -625 "629 -628 '674 735 -699 -660 '658 -666 -661 -652 -662 
 "675 664 -661 '666 '660 '647 '635 '634 '640 
 
 644 '647 -639 '631 '629 '618 '634 '676 '682 '692 '662 '656 -667 '678 -682 
 683 '673 -685 '683 '683 '671 708 '699 -685 '686 -687 -671 '655 -658 '657 '674 728 775 739 757 755 767 749 7 
 740 734 721 721 723 729 -728 729 733 718 703 704 705 719 -692 738 762 773 747 740 761 748 728 731 
 715 705 -683 -688 "687 764 769 775 7L'5 726 727 723 719 -728 -690 740 792 793 769 '816 '805 796 767 -S0< 
 804 -808 '815 786 79H -801 '805 798 -786 789 791 785 780 784 765 -816 '825 '808 -825 '820 '831 -832 '828 -8* 
 
 655 
 
 703 
 730 
 746 
 
 805 
 
 Means -696 -698 -695 -694 -689 "690 -688 -680 -680 -676 "672 -666 -660 -651 -649 -691 -732 -732 -700 -692 -700 -700 -698 703|0'689 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for tho sake of obtaining the daily mean*. 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 21 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottinjjeu 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 . Daily and 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h m h m h. m h m h m h n 
 4.41 5.41 8.41 7.41 8.41 B.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.4! 20.41 21.41 22.41 . 0.41 Ml' M 3.tl 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR FEBRUARY 1856 
 
 <0 CD -a O5 Or >. JO tO l-i O to QD -J OJ e Ox M r.-, i_, ^ rn nn ~-i ^ ,-,. .*. ..... .... _ 
 
 077 0-81 0-82 0-83 0'81 0'87 0'87 0'87 0'90 0*91 0-92 O f 93 0'95 0'94 0-93 0'88 0'82 0'80 076 070 072 073 075 077 
 83 -87 -84 -83 -81 '83 '85 '85 '87 
 
 0-836 
 
 840 
 830 
 825 
 791 
 803 
 796 
 
 824 
 820 
 835 
 844 
 795 
 816 
 
 808 
 770 
 828 
 769 
 755 
 761 
 
 745 
 743 
 806 
 791 
 796 
 759 
 
 92 -96 -94 -93 -95 -94 '94 -86 75 72 73 70 73 73 77 
 80 -80 -82 -84 -84 '83 '85 -85 -89 -91 -93 -93 -94 -94 -95 -88 76 71 72 72 73 74 75 -80 
 85 '89 -85 -85 -83 -83 "84 -85 -86 -89 '91 -92 -94 -94 -93 "87 -82 77 75 -69 -68 70 -66 -68 
 73 76 79 -80 -80 79 79 -81 '81' -82 "83 '83 -83 -94 -95 -91 79 74 72 -68 71 72 70 73 
 75 '79 79 -80 -81 79 -81 '83 -83 '85 '86 -89 -93 -94 -92 -81 -76 -75 -74 -73 71 -69 -72 -76 
 75 '78 -78 -79 -81 -81 -79 -82 -83 -84 -84 -84 -85 -90 -90 -91 -81 73 -73 -76 '66 '72 "69 77 
 75 '80 -82 -84 -83 -81 -81 -82 '84 
 
 _ -90 -96 -95 -95 -99 '94 -87 79 '80 -73 70 72 72 '70 73 
 74 '80 -82 -81 -83 '83 '87 -85 '91 '93 '94 -93 "93 -95 -94 -87 '80 78 70 72 -67 72 .64 70 
 68 '80 -80 -83 '86 '91 -91 -92 -97 '94 '91 -93 -95 -95 -95 -88 78 74 -62 71 74 -69 74 -82 
 78 "86 -87 '86 '88 '91 '91 -93 -94 '97 "99 -98 -97 -94 -95 -90 -81 70 '61 -67 75 -66 '68 74 
 73 76 76 -83 -86 '89 "86 -93 "95 "95 "94 -94 -95 -92 -94 '88 77 "68 -57 "63 -62 -64 -52 -57 
 64 76 -82 -83 '89 -89 "92 -95 -95 '95 "94 -94 '94 -95 '95 '89 75 70 -61 -60 -62 71 70 -69 
 78 71 77 79 '87 '84 - 86 -82 '87 
 
 _ _ _. -91 -95 -95 -95 -94 -95 '84 76 -68 '67 -67 -69 72 -69 72 
 72 74 76 77 77 79 79 79 79 "81 -83 -85 '87 -90 "91 -83 '67 "66 70 73 71 '69 70 71 
 74 78 79 -81 -82 -85 "86 -90 "93 "93 "92 -92 '93 -92 '93 -87 -85 -83 -69 70 71 70 75 74 
 69 71 76 77 76 -81 '81 -83 '80 "85 "90 -90 "91 -91 -92 -85 70 "69 73 -63 -63 -63 "63 -64 
 67 70 70 74 75 77 75 79 "86 "86 "8(3 -88 '91 -90 '93 -82 72 '64 -63 '62 -61 '62 76 -63 
 65 -68 71 75 79 -82 '82 -82 '86 "87 '88 -89 "91 -90 '91 -81 72 -65 -62 '66 -67 '62 '63 -63 
 63 -69 70 74 76 75 79 -83 -82 
 
 _ _ _ -83 "84 -85 "86 -87 -88 77 70 '66 -64 -64 -63 '64 -66 71 
 70 73 72 73 73 78 -81 73 73 73 73 77 '81 -83 -85 78 74 75 71 70 -69 "68 70 70 
 73 76 -80 79 '81 '82 -83 -96 '89 "89 '89 "90 '92 -93 "93 -87 78 72 70 71 -68 '66 "69 -69 
 71 76 79 -80 -81 "82 -83 -83 78 "84 "89 -90 "91 -93 '94 '87 78 "67 -58 71 72 "66 70 75 
 76 79 -80 -80 "81 '81 "85 -87 '88 '90 "91 '92 -93 -94 -93 -90 76 "69 -66 '64 -61 -64 "66 -65 
 64 -69 73 72 73 77 79 -81 -96 '95 '93 -91 '90 -93 -9] -85 '69 '63 -60 -61 -57 "61 "64 -65 
 
 Means "729 769 "784 -798 '811 "825 '835 '850 '869 -886 -898 '904 -915 -926 -927 -862 '768 -717 -676 -682 -678 "682 '688 -710 1 0-800 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 to <', 
 
 U7> : 
 
 2 6 
 
 fcH 7 
 
 S 8 
 
 < 9 
 
 10 
 
 n 11 
 
 K 12 
 
 t 13 
 I j. 
 tf ** 
 p 15 
 
 16 
 
 % 17 
 
 18 
 P^ 19 
 20 
 
 fc 21 
 22 
 
 & 23 
 
 fc 24 
 g 25' 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 0-808 0799 0791 0786 07~. r > 0'817 0'806 801 0'813 079" 0780 0779 0778 0755 0721 0782 0'837 0'830 0'814 O'Sll 0'835 0'859 0'836 0'854 
 
 890 -881 -830 '807 783 794 -805 -803 "813 - -* ______ 
 817 -820 -802 785 791 793 -811 "858 '812 '821 -843 -811 "838 '836 '856 
 853 -810 -809 '823 '808 799 797 793 '804 791 777 773 770 768 783 -828 799 '846 '839 "861 "872 '858 '872 '914 
 919 -906 -845 '833 '813 '801 798 -801 795 799 '803 785 768 789 777 "834 -806 '814 "808 793 796 '828 758 763 
 786 787 782 781 779 763 764 767 775 768 760 749 738 740 765 766 '821 799 799 791 786 '822 791 791 
 800 -806 792 1 782 785 770 781 781 771 783 795 783 772 772 .779 '803 793 '812 '817 '824 -818 "824 '815 -819 
 817 -809 775 775 772 767 753 759 760 762 763 759 756 780 779 782 "801 798 "806 '874 758 "841 778 '863 
 816 '813 '805 '807 793 775 755 757 764 
 
 0-803 
 
 821 
 
 819 
 810 
 
 778 
 795 
 787 
 
 795 
 .-801 
 812 
 790 
 715 
 720 
 
 .719 
 759 
 796 
 740 
 687 
 669 
 
 689 
 780 
 806 
 :803 
 776 
 739 
 
 __ _ _ 760 756 752 749 750 755 -800 '807 -861 '818 '834 -843 -858 '819 "835 
 827 -830 -833 798 '801 -802 '811 787 788 778 768 747 726 719 737 772 '809 -816 "826 '858 -845 -884 799 -8S8 
 769 -830 -804 '819 -823 -858 -842 -826 -836 786 736 731 727 723 741 781 -800 '826 787 W 903 -897 -829 -880 -930 
 853 '876 -856 "823 -813 '831 -809 795 780 777 774 756 739 '687 "695 781 -802 736 719 772 -883 781 794 -828 
 776 764 759 762 760 754 -691 726 721 706 "691 -681 -672 '639 '647 718 734 709 -656 749 755 775 -628 -677 
 725 764 779 757 762 741 737 721 -698 '678 '657 -648 -640 '635 '636 700 -699 731 713 737 745 -823 799 761 
 SS'S 71 fi 7' : i4 722 743 -68(1 -681 -fi4.Q -f'^ 1 ? 
 
 668 -678 -669 '660 '654 -652 702 736 718 731 762 789 '812 789 -809 
 800 768 771 761 750 769 756 749 749 755 760 722 -684 -688 710 739 705 731 '804 '851 799 788 799 -803 ; 
 813 -820 798 "812 '821 '833 '823 "808 799 778 757 748 740 726 760 773 -845 -862 760 789 -811 797 '828 -812 
 758 751 764 762 738 778 778 778 765 748 731 709 -688 -672 '682 743 709 754 "813 713 726 748 727 715 
 724 727 704 722 723 710 -664 '661 "676 '655 '633 '631 '630 -603 '626 -680 704 -674 "686 '699 -694 712 '850 700 
 706 -695 701 '691 -672 -662 -653 '642 '648 '643 '637 '623 '609 -604 "608 '676 705 -690 '666 725 720 700 '685 '695 
 681 '69S -677 706 718 '688 -674 '6SS '671 
 
 -652 '632 -633 -634 '619 "619 '669 710 707 708 731 742 733 759 797 
 784 770 744 740 741 772 790 704 703 707 710 741 773 790 -811 -819 -801 -837 "818 '844 -841 -823 '831 -834 
 833 '821 -819 799 792 -811 -814 "820 -803 785 766 769 773 760 767 '819 '816 -834 -821 "830 -836 -814 '826 -815 
 802 -815 -807 -802 -803 "818 '819 '814 796 772 748 751 754 755 793 799 '810 788 753 '856 "882 -838 '844 -858 
 846 -838 -823 '810 799 791 -811 -825 769 764 759 748 738 719 735 781 780 761 755 759 730 771 763 760 
 738 743 745 727 729 768 762 783 '820 790 760 728 '697 708 712 778 714 -692 -687 708 702 732 759 757 
 
 Means | -798 -793 "782 -776 -772 -774 -767 '762 -759 -749 -738 '729 -720 -714 '723 765 776 778 769 797 797 "804 795 "804 
 
 0768 
 
 * The uumbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
22 
 
 MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC 
 
 VAPOUR 
 
 Mean'So Noon 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 Daily am 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Madras 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. h. m, h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h m- h. m- h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 Means 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 
 
 5.41 
 
 6.41 
 
 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 
 
 22.41 
 
 23.41 
 
 0.41 
 
 1.41 
 
 2.41 
 
 3.41 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 0*68 
 
 076 
 
 078 
 
 0-79 0*80 OS'} O82 O87 0-88 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 -L 
 
 2 
 
 \J \J<J 
 
 \J 1 \J 
 
 \J t O 
 
 0-87 0-86 0-86 0'87 0*89 0*89 0*89 0*85 075 
 
 070 
 
 0-68 
 
 069 
 
 0-65 
 
 0*70 
 
 071 
 
 0*795 
 
 3 
 
 73 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 81 -82 -82 -83 '86 '87 -90 "92 -92 '93 "93 -92 -87 *80 70 
 
 66 
 
 64 
 
 66 
 
 63 
 
 63 
 
 61 
 
 793 
 
 4 
 
 68 
 
 70 
 
 76 
 
 78 -80 -83 -87 *87 '89 -89 '89 -91 '93 '93 -92 -87 79 -69 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 65 
 
 62 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 784 
 
 5 
 
 69 
 
 69 
 
 73 
 
 76 79 -82 -84 -86 '87 -90 '93 '92 -92 '92 -91 -85 76 '69 
 
 66 
 
 64 
 
 62 
 
 61 
 
 65 
 
 65 
 
 778 
 
 to 6 
 
 66 
 
 70 
 
 73 
 
 75 78 79 -82 "87 -89 -89 '88 '89 '91 '93 -91 -85 77 -67 
 
 65 
 
 67 
 
 62 
 
 64 
 
 .65 
 
 62 
 
 773 
 
 *O r? 
 CO 7 
 
 65 
 
 70 
 
 75 
 
 79 -83 -83 -87 -86 *88 '90 '91 -91 -91 '92 -91 -86 76 70 
 
 66 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 63 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 782 
 
 g 
 
 64 
 
 69 
 
 74 
 
 78 *82 -8S -82 -8S *8fi - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 W 9 
 
 
 
 
 89 -91 -91 -92 -92 -92 -87 "SO 74 
 
 65 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 62 
 
 60 
 
 67 
 
 779 
 
 ^ Hi 
 
 P3 10 
 
 70 
 
 74 
 
 78 
 
 80 '80 -83 -82 -85 '89 -92 '95 -95 -96 "94 -92 -88 '82 76 
 
 75 
 
 72 
 
 71 
 
 71 
 
 72 
 
 74 
 
 819 
 
 5 n 
 
 78 
 
 82 
 
 85 
 
 87 -88 -89 -91 -92 "94 -95 '95 -95 -95 "96 -98 -94 '81 71 
 
 72 
 
 72 
 
 71 
 
 70 
 
 75 
 
 74 
 
 850 
 
 a 12 
 
 74 
 
 81 
 
 85 
 
 86 "88 -90 -92 -93 '95 '95 '95 "95 -96 '97 -'96 -92 "80 74 
 
 71 
 
 73 
 
 68 
 
 70 
 
 69 
 
 73 
 
 845 
 
 1 13 
 
 74 
 
 80 
 
 85 
 
 84 -85 -89 -89 -89 '94 -91 '87 '87 '88 '93 -92 -87 79 75 
 
 73 
 
 72 
 
 68 
 
 74 
 
 73 
 
 72 
 
 825 
 
 5 14 
 
 74 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 79 -81 -82 -85 -87 -91 -91 -91 '92 '93 '93 '93 -88 '82 -87 
 
 75 
 
 72 
 
 68 
 
 71 
 
 72 
 
 71 
 
 823 
 
 <] 15 
 
 75 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 77 '83 '85 '86 *87 - 88 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 W 10 
 
 
 
 
 90 -91 -91 -91 -91 -93 -84 76 70 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 63 
 
 66 
 
 63 
 
 69 
 
 799 
 
 rt 17 
 
 74 
 
 77 
 
 79 
 
 81 -81 -82 *81 -85 "86 -89 -91 -92 '94 -91 -91 -86 79 74 
 
 67 
 
 64 
 
 65 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 67 
 
 795 
 
 ^ 18 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 
 77 
 
 79 -81 -83 -84 -85 "85 -86 '87 '89 '91 -91 -92 -87 78 -69 
 
 72 
 
 68 
 
 63 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 70 
 
 789 
 
 o 19 
 
 69 
 
 74 
 
 75 
 
 79 79 -82 -80 '85 "85 '87 '88 -89 -90 '91 "90 -84 72 .61 
 
 55 
 
 64 
 
 66 
 
 66 
 
 68 
 
 69 
 
 770 
 
 20 
 
 77 
 
 81 
 
 84 
 
 84 '84 -85 -88 '88 '88 *90 '92 '89 -87 *85 -86 74 -69 -60 
 
 54 
 
 59 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 69 
 
 74 
 
 781 
 
 fc 21 
 
 78 
 
 81 
 
 83 
 
 86 -85 -86 -88 '88 "90 -91 '92 "92 -93 '95 '93 -85 77 72 
 
 72 
 
 70 
 
 70 
 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 77 
 
 827 
 
 22 
 
 79 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 84 -84 '87 '84 '55 -87 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S 23 
 
 
 
 
 90 -93 -93 -94 '97 -91 -84 75 -5 
 
 57 
 
 .62 
 
 61 
 
 60 
 
 63 
 
 65 
 
 795 
 
 S 24 
 
 71 
 
 78 
 
 84 
 
 84 -86 -87 -90 '91 *95 .'96 '96 -96 -96 '93 '91 -82 72 '62 
 
 53 
 
 46 
 
 57 
 
 61 
 
 51 
 
 54 
 
 780 
 
 P 25 
 
 62 
 
 73 
 
 76 
 
 80 -84 -83 -84 -83 '86 -88 '90 -88 '87 -86 -90 -81 72 -67 
 
 64 
 
 62 
 
 66 
 
 64 
 
 65 
 
 68 
 
 770 
 
 W 26 
 
 68 
 
 73 
 
 76 
 
 78 -80 -82 -85 '85 -90 -90 -89 '89 -90 -91 -89 -82 -68 -66 
 
 64 
 
 62 
 
 62 
 
 63 
 
 65 
 
 64 
 
 771 
 
 27 
 
 65 
 
 71 
 
 73 
 
 74 79 -80 -81 -83 '85 '87 '89 '89 -90 -91 -88 76* '66 -66 
 
 57 
 
 61 
 
 60 
 
 59 
 
 60 
 
 65 
 
 748 
 
 28 
 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 74 
 
 77 -81 -81 -89 -84 '89 -90 "91 '91 r91 -91 -89 -80 75 -69 
 
 68 
 
 68 
 
 66 
 
 68 
 
 68 
 
 74 
 
 790 
 
 29 
 
 75 
 
 79 
 
 84 
 
 83 -84 -84 -84 *83 "84 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 88 -92 -92 -92 -92 -91 -86 76 74 
 
 78 
 
 68 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 67 
 
 811 
 
 31 
 
 72 
 
 76 
 
 80 
 
 82 -82 -84 -84 '86 -87 '88 '88 "89 -91 -92 '90 '84 79 71 
 
 72 
 
 68 
 
 70 
 
 69 
 
 68 
 
 71 
 
 801 
 
 Means 
 
 712 
 
 756 
 
 789 
 
 804 823 -838 '852 '864 -885 '899 '908 '910 '917 '921 '913 -850 766 701 
 
 665 
 
 656 
 
 653 
 
 656 
 
 663 
 
 682 
 
 0795 
 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 1 
 
 0*769 
 
 0'791 
 
 0*77*2 
 
 0'7i!2 0*756 0*769 0*757 0*790 0*760 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 845 
 
 835 
 
 829 
 
 0*773 0*785 0*781 0*778 0*749 0746 0.772 0*805 0*842 
 820 -825 *809 -805 '809 786 769 751 753 755 740 740 785 '802 768 
 
 0-857 
 758 
 
 0*835 
 
 745 
 
 0-844 
 
 762 
 
 0-825 
 
 746 
 
 0'850 
 749 
 
 0-837 
 727 
 
 0*792 
 780 
 
 4 
 
 760 
 
 747 
 
 772 
 
 773 771 744 741 725 708 '694 '679 -683 "688 '670 -678 723 763 741 
 
 733 
 
 751 
 
 757 
 
 738 
 
 751 
 
 752 
 
 731 
 
 CO K. 
 .0 
 
 772 
 
 728 
 
 732 
 
 738 *754 *749 745 716 702 709 715 -696 "677 '677 -671 723 740 742 
 
 731 
 
 738 
 
 712 
 
 701 
 
 741 
 
 733 
 
 / 'J 1 
 
 2 6 
 
 730 
 
 734 
 
 727 
 
 737 743 731 735 725 719 -694 -669 -671 '674 '688 '664 717 741 709 
 
 706 
 
 726 
 
 713 
 
 709 
 
 730 
 
 677 
 
 
 7 
 S s 
 
 701 
 
 707 
 
 714 
 698 
 
 724 
 715 
 
 722 717 -692 708 '677 -665 '661 -657 -652 '648 *644 *640 *692 718 708 
 717 706 '683 '668 '651 '653 
 
 733 
 
 724 
 
 744 
 
 747 
 
 727 
 
 711 
 
 697 
 
 ) Oi O i 1 <N CO * < 
 
 ^H rH rH i 1 i-H r- 
 
 )HVJ\[ anod 1 
 
 799 
 909 
 869 
 856 
 856 
 872 
 
 789 
 894 
 886 
 865 
 
 853 
 855 
 
 792 
 885 
 873 
 873 
 822 
 836 
 
 *706 *759 744 729 719 733 '805 '846 "818 
 787 788 -800 791 '800 789 777 765 770 775 750 749 '809 '889 '870 
 889 -887 -889 "895 "893 -895 *874 *852 '833 '814 '821 -849 '906 '892 "862 
 873 -877 -885 '884 "884 -850 '841 '832 "824 '817 "811 799 -873 '873 '868 
 849 -837 "855 '844 '855 -866 '846 '825 '815 *806 '803 791 -833 -681 '881 
 792 -810 -811 -819 "805 -801 781 760 760 760 747 754 790 "864 '903 
 807 -843 '845 '848 '854 -850 
 
 792 
 902 
 911 
 
 859 
 885 
 896 
 
 773 
 
 914 
 905 
 
 888 
 883 
 856 
 
 798 
 897 
 911 
 855 
 852 
 853 
 
 778 
 904 
 884 
 868 
 906 
 884 
 
 746 
 
 898 
 928 
 847 
 892 
 886 
 
 792 
 899 
 882 
 
 860 
 
 739 
 
 821 
 882 
 859 
 852 
 822 
 
 ' !D C- 00 OS O -H -M 
 1 i 1 < i I i-M -N > -M 
 
 FA tfOISfl 
 
 886 
 861 
 829 
 908 
 949 
 946 
 
 863 
 842 
 843 
 920 
 948 
 954 
 
 859 
 827 
 818 
 906 
 926 
 921 
 
 '836 -822 '808 795 783 '809 *844 *870 "856 
 849 -833 '831 '819 '842 -851 "844 -836 '826 '817 790 -804 *85o *887 *868 
 834 -840 '846 -847 '853 -848 '838 '827 '828 '830 *b!0 *S33 *875 *896 *866 
 829 -820 -827 '810 '861 -845 '834 '822 '814 '807 '809 -828 -862 '829 777 
 903 -907 '910 -917 '917 -911 -917 -922 *891 '861 792 -823 -840 '815 785 
 926 -915 '917 '922 '918 -925 -907 -888 '888 '888 '870 '883 -927 '943 '943 
 900 -902 -909 -878 '876 -881 - _ _ _ 
 
 875 
 850 
 876 
 752 
 758 
 953 
 
 899 
 833 
 886 
 866 
 
 956 
 
 825 
 850 
 828 
 861 
 
 884 
 
 860 
 862 
 865 
 
 893 
 
 825 
 
 oOU 
 'QOQ 
 
 916 
 958 
 
 857 
 845 
 
 841 
 843 
 
 849 
 834 
 879 
 926 
 
 23 
 
 21 *884 
 25 *764 
 26 *800 
 . 27 781 
 28 *852 
 2<> *925 
 
 901 
 823 
 806 
 788 
 791 
 921 
 
 915 
 815 
 799 
 766 
 783 
 933 
 
 881 -881 '876 '872 '881 -872 -898 '872 -S44 
 900 -902 -904 -916 '911 -902 -875 -847 *834 '821 778 '811 *836 *835 *801 
 838 '842 -835 '830 '815 -817 799 781 758 735 721 -807 -82 *808 -827 
 802 797 -813 '822 '816 784 771 757 747 738 739 754 *805 764 788 
 766 -800 794 792 781 778 760 741 731 721 734 734 765 744 769 
 787 -808 787 '816 789 790 786 782 770 759 764 776 '804 '842 '861 
 896 -880 -878 '867 '841 -833 - - _ _ 
 
 805 
 744 
 828 
 793 
 711 
 875 
 
 884 
 697 
 802 
 802 
 771 
 908 
 
 850 
 800 
 849 
 802 
 761 
 895 
 
 852 
 806 
 809 
 
 824 
 821 
 779 
 915 
 
 713 
 
 825 
 789 
 818 
 962 
 
 882 
 836 
 807 
 788 
 764 
 826 
 
 30 
 31 
 
 883 
 
 890 
 
 889 
 
 842 -851 -845 '839 '818 '842 '900 -905 -950 
 891 -882 -900 -901 '900 -892 '888 "884 '874 '864 '853 -857 -894 -887 "886 
 
 1-OQfl 
 
 908 
 909 
 
 S! 
 
 X 
 
 T32 
 
 896 
 926 
 
 891 
 
 889 
 
 Means *835 
 
 834 
 
 82V 
 
 823 '825 -824 -822 '819 -812 '804 796 787 780 768 779 -821 -835 -828 
 
 826 
 
 835 
 
 834 
 
 839 
 
 838 
 
 837 0-818 
 
 
 means. 
 
 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottmgen I 
 Mean Time j 
 
 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily am 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h m h. m. h. m. li. m. h m. h. m 
 4.41 S.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 i.41 17.41 18.41 13.41 20.41 31.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 i.41 3.41 
 
 to 
 
 00 
 
 ! 1 
 
 i-3 
 
 I 
 
 PH 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 16 
 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 a 21 
 
 Q 22 
 
 3 23 
 
 24 
 
 W 
 
 H 
 
 &< 
 O 
 
 >H 
 
 0-74 
 71 
 72 
 68 
 75 
 
 74 
 71 
 81 
 79 
 74 
 
 71 
 65 
 63 
 69 
 69 
 68 
 
 67 
 68 
 79 
 70 
 
 25 -75 
 
 26 -62 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 87 
 72 
 68 
 
 0-76 
 77 
 76 
 75 
 81 
 
 81 
 78 
 85 
 83 
 78 
 75 
 
 78 
 73 
 74 
 73 
 
 71 
 
 74 
 
 78 
 77 
 81 
 75 
 82 
 66 
 
 86 
 72 
 76 
 
 0-83 
 79 
 80 
 82 
 83 
 
 89 
 86 
 88 
 88 
 83 
 81 
 
 83 
 
 77 
 78 
 77 
 73 
 
 77 
 
 82 
 81 
 83 
 83 
 86 
 
 0-84 
 79 
 83 
 83 
 83 
 
 0'S2 
 80 
 84 
 87 
 84 
 
 87 
 79 
 82 
 
 90 
 
 88 
 87 
 84 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 77 
 81 
 78 
 75 
 83 
 
 86 
 83 
 87 
 86 
 87 
 69 
 
 87 
 82 
 84 
 
 91 
 
 89 
 86 
 87 
 82 
 
 81 
 82 
 83 
 79 
 
 77 
 80 
 
 0'84 
 83 
 87 
 89 
 85 
 
 89 
 90 
 
 88 
 87 
 86 
 
 84 
 
 79 
 85 
 86 
 82 
 79 
 82 
 
 0-85 
 85 
 87 
 90 
 87 
 
 93 
 90 
 88 
 88 
 86 
 84 
 
 82 
 86 
 87 
 86 
 81 
 82 
 
 0-81 
 84 
 90 
 89 
 88 
 
 94 
 90 
 88 
 90 
 
 87 
 
 0-86 0-87 
 
 87 -90 
 
 90 -89 
 
 90 -92 
 
 92 
 
 -94 
 
 94 -95 
 
 89 -90 
 
 88 -89 
 
 88 -90 
 
 90 -91 
 
 88 
 
 0-87 0-89 0-91 0-92 0'86 079 0'72 072 0'68 070 0'64 067 068 069 0790 
 93 -92 -92 -92 -90 -81 -69 -63 "66 -63 -63 '61 -59 -65' 777 
 88 -91 -94 -93 "90 76 -64 -59 -55 -58 '60 -65 '61 "63, 773 
 94 -94 -95 '93 '92 -80 75 '68 71 '68 "66 -67 '68 70 i -811 
 
 95 -95 -96 
 
 95 -95 -95 
 
 90 -91 -92 
 
 90 -90 -90 
 
 91 -91 -91 
 
 91 -90 -89 
 
 95 -93 -84 '74 -65 '57 "52 -59 -59 -60 '67 
 
 793 
 819 
 
 92 -90 78 -69 -69 '68 -65 '68 '66 -65 -66 
 
 93 -92 -85 78 "64 -67 '65 -62 '66 71 76 -815 
 
 89 -88 -80 74 '69 -64 -64 '63 "66 71 '67 : -807 
 
 93 -94-84 -72 -67 -66 -66 '73 -69 -74 72 j -820 
 
 92 -87 -81 77 73 -68 70 '65 -64 -66 '69 ! '803 
 
 86 
 87 
 88 
 69 
 
 84 
 
 82 
 85 
 
 87 
 89 
 86 
 
 81 
 
 83 
 83 
 83 
 
 87 
 88 
 87 
 81 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 84 
 
 80 
 86 
 88 
 90 
 83 
 78 
 
 91 
 90 
 
 89 
 86 
 
 87 
 84 
 79 
 
 83 74 
 
 88 -89 
 
 88 -87 
 
 85 -83' 
 
 82 -85 
 
 84 - 
 
 -88 
 
 91 -91 
 
 90 -91 
 
 88 -89 
 
 88 -89 
 
 89 -89 
 
 88 -87 -86 
 
 64 72 -80 
 
 90 -91 -92 
 
 85 -87 -90 
 
 81 -85 -90 
 
 87 -87 -88 
 
 86 -82 73 -67 -61 -64 '62 -65 -63 '65 -65 
 
 80 75 71 70 -61 -63 -66 -55 -49 -51 "55 
 
 91 -88 70 -58 -50 '45 -50 -49 -49 '56 -til 
 
 91 -85 74 -67 "66 '66 '58 -56 -61 -63 -68 
 
 91 -88 '80 -72 -65 -59 -61 -58 '61 -63 -68 
 
 88 -85 78 70 -65 -65 -64 -61 '59 '62 '64 
 
 92 -92 -92 
 
 90 -90 '90 
 
 92 -92 -93 
 
 90 -89 -88 
 
 89 -87 -85 
 
 89 -90 -91 
 
 91 -84 
 
 89 -86 
 
 93 -86 
 
 87 -86 
 
 87 -83 
 
 91 -87 
 
 78 70 
 
 82 77 
 
 77 -66 
 
 77 71 
 
 71 -60 
 
 80 70 
 
 71 -65 
 
 71 -67 
 
 64 -64 
 
 63 -59 
 
 56 -60 
 
 60 -62 
 
 61 -60 
 
 66 -65 
 
 63 -64 
 
 53 -54 
 
 61 -62 
 
 63 -63 
 
 63 -59 -61 
 
 65 -64 -65 
 
 63 -68 -68 
 
 53 -59 -58 
 
 60 -65 70 
 
 63 -66 -69 
 
 89 -90 -88 -86 -87 -81 -72 -64 -63 -60 -62 -60 -64 -69 71 
 
 87 -86 -85 -87 '89 '90 -84 -76 72 -68 -63 -62 -64 -65 71 -68 
 
 82 -83 -83 78 73 76 -72 '67 '60 -56 -48 '55 -56 -57 "63 '64 
 
 80 78 75 78 -81 '82 78 '68 '64 -56 -53 -47 '60 -63 -64 -67 
 
 765 
 711 
 728 
 763 
 760 
 749 
 
 765 
 799 
 790 
 767 
 766 
 793 
 
 740 
 792 
 712 
 723 
 
 Means | 716 770 '815 '830 '838 '851 '860 '868 "875 '879 -878 '884 '892 -894 -858 770 -693 '640 '620 -613 '613 '618 '643 '664 1 0774 
 
 CD 
 iO 
 00 
 
 03 
 
 PH 
 
 o 
 
 PH 
 
 I 
 i i 
 
 0} 
 
 1 
 
 2: 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0-900 
 
 918 
 939 
 907 
 950 
 
 990 
 950 
 
 1-014 
 0-998 
 
 947 
 944 
 
 937 
 
 872 
 889 
 910 
 905 
 883 
 
 904 
 921 
 
 1-005 
 0-907 
 1-015 
 
 0751. 
 
 832 
 884 
 939 
 
 0-900 
 
 933 
 921 
 924 
 951 
 
 985 
 974 
 
 1-014 
 0-992 
 
 953 
 950 
 
 959 
 894 
 945 
 920 
 863 
 908 
 
 977 
 964 
 983 
 941 
 
 1-017 
 
 0-784 
 
 806 
 864 
 986 
 
 0-922 
 
 891 
 916 
 929 
 922 
 
 999 
 990 
 .997 
 989 
 949 
 951 
 
 992 
 888 
 949 
 902 
 844 
 878 
 
 957 
 949 
 969 
 979 
 
 1-029 
 
 0'781 
 
 819 
 909 
 980 
 
 0-921 
 
 872 
 925 
 936 
 914 
 
 970 
 i-OOl 
 
 0-991 
 
 969 
 945 
 948 
 
 993 
 885 
 957 
 900 
 845 
 929 
 
 968 
 '.154 
 994 
 994 
 
 1-033 
 
 0-781 
 
 815 
 924 
 
 985 
 
 0-889 
 
 869 
 921 
 963 
 
 900 
 
 955 
 998 
 982 
 945 
 963 
 944 
 
 967 
 919 
 959 
 906 
 846 
 886 
 
 970 
 981 
 967 
 998 
 
 1-034 
 0-775 
 
 789 
 
 924 
 988 
 
 0-907 
 892 
 944 
 960 
 903 
 
 958 
 978 
 971 
 94 L 
 942 
 950 
 
 948 
 930 
 993 
 918 
 851 
 885 
 
 975 
 964 
 969 
 992 
 
 1-006 
 0-899 
 
 794 
 923 
 
 977 
 
 0-909 0-866 0-914 
 
 897 -884 -910 
 933 -942 -945 
 947 -927 -923 
 906 -891 -893 
 
 985 -983 '942 
 966 -957 -948 
 965 -942 "950 
 943 '938 '919 
 937 -930 '947 
 939 -942 -950 
 
 971 -910 -981 
 935 -927 '936 
 997 '998 '973 
 918 -899 '833 
 819 '825 '811 
 888 -824 '858 
 
 948 -976 '976 
 959 -972 '962 
 946 '948 '950 
 980 -977 "973 
 l-oio 1-016 '999 
 
 0-899 0-926 '926 
 
 792 -808 798 
 917 -907 -888 
 962 -892 -891 
 
 0-914 0-913 0-924 0'936 0'925 0'940 0'941 0'939 0'946 0'941 0'941 0'910 0'937 0'939 0'921 
 
 912 -914 -883 -853 '862 -9u4 -908 -863 '861 -922 -925 -915 -878 -842 -898 
 932 '919 -927 -936 '910 -916 "876 '835 -836 -838 '881 '928 -957 '882-890 
 925 -927 -914 -902 '876 -923 '917 '900 '910 -975 -956 '919 -939 -941 '934 
 
 905 -916 -914 -913 '896 893 '893 '867 859 '837 -814 '900 -904 '935 -962 
 
 934 -925 -914 -903 "870 '895 -881 '882 '925 '958 '957 '966 '944 '957 -938 
 
 948 -947 -939 -931 -940 -960 -982 -987 '912 '978 -963 '946 '959 '986 roos 
 
 960 -970 -965 -960 '926 '957 -953 '922 '922 -899 -921 '948 -944 '977 0-952 
 
 906 -892 -882 -872 '863 -892 -958 '903 -911 "924 '947 '978 -970 -990 -953 
 
 934 -920 -903 '886 '900 -909 -953 '970 '976 '968 '994 "946 -921 -941 '961 i 
 
 948 -945 -925 -905 '905 -909 -895 '905 '909 '963 '958 '957 -947 -952 '923 ' 
 -860 -738 766 794 '812 789 -800 '805 749 '831 -923 '807 770 778 789; 
 934 -931 -924 -917 '888 -918 '858 779 746 717 780 792 767 -832 '864! 
 941 -909 -908 -907 '886 -937 -906 '884 '899 -961 '880 '829 -878 -901 '939 
 807 780 -803 -827 '816 -885 -904 -878 '866 '819 '850 '840 -858 '889 '923 
 808 -805 793 781 781 -819 -845 -842 '856 '888 '908 '881 '842 -880 '893 
 
 876 -894 -897 -900 '886 -878 '907 '908 '950 -930 -915 '937 -943 '877 '873' 
 959 -942 -935 -929 '921 -95 L -939 -948 '942 -926 "942 '957 '943 -919 '928 
 962 -961 -955 -950 '940 -936 -941 -876 '889 -906 '925 '930 '921 -949 '939 
 965 -979 -950 -921 '903 -914 -946 -919 '891 '871 '856 -841 -8.14 '871 -837 
 968 -963 -939 -916 '924 -933 '894 -847 '867 '907 '938 -941 -938 -964 '979 
 996 -992 -990 -989 989 1-003 "997 '975 '906 -961 '980 '990 '981 '960 '848 
 
 946 966 
 785 771 
 894 -899 
 840 788 
 
 941 '917 -925 -928 '917 '862 '891 -866 -90S "906 '938 '966 '952 
 777 784 -807 -803 795 -835 -833 -839 '877 '899 '902 '894 '857 
 805 712 728 751 746 761 770 708 -825 -854 '862 -899 -926 
 798 -808 -810 -837 -845 -862 -820 798 773 -918 '909 -916 '937 
 
 In. 
 
 0-921 
 892 
 910 
 928 
 
 902 
 942 
 964 
 959 
 936 
 941 
 
 936 
 
 862 
 868 
 926 
 869 
 843 
 
 896 
 947 
 942 
 925 
 944' 
 988 
 
 890 
 821 
 
 845 
 886 
 
 Means | -924 "935 '934 "937 -932 -937 -933 '924 -923 -914 -904 -895 '887 '880 '899 -900 "883 '879 '890 '905 -909 '906 '917 -916|0-911 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily meant. 
 
24 
 
 MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 
 Got tin pen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily an( 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m h m. h m h m. h m. h m h m. h.m. h m. h.m. 
 4.41 5.41 0.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 14.41 13.41 14.41 1S.41 :6.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 1 
 
 071 76 079 0-83 0-84 0'83 0'81 0-82 0'84 0*84 0'84 0*84 0'84 0-86 0-91 0'88 0-90 0-67 0'68 0-71 0-67 0'65 0-67 0'71 
 
 0788 
 
 i 
 
 77 -80 -87 -84 '89 '88 '90 '96 '96 -92 '87 -89 '92 '90 -90 '83 '75 -70 -63 -59 .68 '69 71 74 
 
 816 
 
 l 
 i 
 
 88 -92 -91 '90 -92 -87 79 -78 '73 -70 -63 '65 '63 -66 70 
 
 799 
 
 K 
 
 1 
 
 69 74 -81 -82 '83 -84 -84 -85 -91 '90 '88 '89 '90 -89 '83 79 71 72 73 70 '67 '68 '68 71 
 
 792 
 
 6 
 
 76 -80 -83 -84 '81 -83 -84 -82 -86 -87 '87 -88 '89 -88 -78 -72 -67 -62 -64 -66 '63 -61 -61 -62 
 
 764 
 
 o 7 
 
 63 73 77 79 '82 '88 '86 -85 -87 '85 "82 -83 '84 -80 '73 '70 '70 '62 -58 -64 -68 '65 '67 '65 
 
 748 
 
 10 
 
 oo 8 
 
 71 79 -82 -83 '83 '82 72 73 73 76 78 78 '79 -80 -76 -68 -63 -66 -65 -64 -60 '63 '61 '65 
 
 725 
 
 c 
 
 ^*~ i r\ 
 
 65 75 -80 -82 '84 '87 -89 -88 -89 -90 -90 -90 '90 '89 '82 "74 -68 -60 -63 -61 -62 '63 '63 '63 
 
 770 
 
 3 
 2 11 
 
 '66 71 '80 '82 '85 '90 '87 '82 '80 
 _________ -85-90-89 '89 -91 '87 76 '67 -60 -58 '61 "61 '62 -65 '63 
 
 761 
 
 7 12 
 
 67 77 -85 -85 '87 '86 '85 -84 -84 '84 '83 -85 '88 '88 '82 72 "65 -59 -53 '58 '61 '60 '60 '62 
 
 750 
 
 1 
 
 64 74 -83 -84 -83 -83 -81 78 76 77 77 -78 '80 '85 '81 71 '63 -58 -52 -48 '52 '55 '57 '62 
 
 709 
 
 13 14 
 
 74 77 -84 -84 -83 "79 -72 -69 -62 "63 '63 -67 71 73 70 '57 '49 -47 -50 '56 -56 '60 -59 '63 
 
 662 
 
 H 15 
 
 66 77 -83 -84 -82 79 78 78 74 75 76 -80 '84 -87 -91 -87 '87 -87 -88 -85 -81 -81 76 73 
 
 808 
 
 W 16 
 
 Cj 1 ^7 
 
 73 78 '85 -85 -86 -85 "85 '87 -89 '90 -91 -91 '92 '90 "83 77 '73 -77 76 -72 71 '69 -72 74 
 
 812 
 
 ~* I/ 
 
 fe 18 
 
 _ _ _ -88 -84 -83 '82 '87 '91 -90 '90 -90 -88 '86 -85 '85 -82 '82 
 
 861 
 
 19 
 
 82 -85 -90 -88 -91 '94 -93 -87 -91 '94 -97 -96 '96 -96 -91 '86 -86 -84 -86 -92 -95 -96 '96 '96 
 
 912 
 
 &H 20 
 
 94 -92 -97 -97 -93 '92 '93 '91 -91 '92 -93 '95 '97 -98 -97 '95 '97 '94 -91 "86 -85 '85 -80 77 
 
 918 
 
 _5 21 
 
 92 -92 -91 -92 -88 '91 -92 '92 -89 '91 '93 -94 '95 -95 -94 '92 '88 -82 77 74 -68 -68 -78 79 
 
 870 
 
 22 
 
 82 -88 -91 -91 -94 -89 -88 -96 '95 '92 -89 -90 "92 -93 -88 '78 '72 -71 '73 74 -70 73 -71 '74 
 
 839 
 
 a 23 
 
 75 79 -83 -86 -87 -91 -92 -92 -91 '89 -87 '87 '87 -85 -81 76 72 -62 -64 '59 -58 '58 -59 -68 
 
 778 
 
 
 71 -7/1 -O/t -QX. -QQ -87 -88 -7fi -7J. 
 
 
 
 / 1 /'* o** oD oo o/ oo fO i<* - 
 
 
 W 25 
 
 __________ 74 74 75 76 -81 -80 -74 '69 -66 -61 '62 -55 -53 -56 '57 
 
 725 
 
 26 
 
 58 -59 -64 -64 '67 70 70 73 77 79 -81 '83 '85 -86 -84 -78 -68 -59 -56 '51 -50 '53 -49 -57 
 
 675 
 
 27 
 
 54 -63 -66 -66 71 76 77 -77 73 -72 -70 '71 '72 -72 -67 -60 -58 -52 -49 -43 -43 '44 -52 -58 
 
 627 
 
 28 
 
 58 -66 75 78 75 70 73 71 71 71 70 70 71 70 -68 -63 -58 -53 -51 -47 -46 -44 -45 -46 
 
 629 
 
 29 
 
 47 -50 -56 -60 '58 '58 -53 -55 -57 '60 -63 '64 '66 -67 -66 '66 -57 -52 -50 '46 -44 -44 -46 -45 
 
 554 
 
 30 
 
 50 -49 -52 '53 -56 "53 '52 -54 -55 -58 -60 '60 "61 '62 -65 -60 -60 -49 -45 -45 -42 '42 ''40 '39 
 
 526 
 
 Means 
 
 700 751 -803 -812 '819 -823 -814 '810 "812 -818 -819 -827 '839 -846 -818 758 716 -667 -651 '640 -632 -634 -641 '660 
 
 0-755 
 
 
 In. In. In. In- In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In In. In. In. In. 
 
 In 
 
 1 
 
 0-950 0-966 0-956 0'997 I'OOl 0'989 0'952 0'9S6 0'931 0'931 0'931 0'930 0'929 0'936 0761 0732 07/5 0'667 0'806 0'892 0'848 0'814 0'845 0'848 
 
 0-888 
 
 2 
 
 884 -889 -933 '908 o-952 '950 -919 -935 '906 '856 -805 '817 '829 '828 '862 -890 -907 -903 '872 '850 '946 -920 -944 -970 
 
 895 
 
 Q 
 
 1*008 '995 *975 '956 '94 *99 *91S '933 '9^1' .. . . 
 
 
 O 
 
 4 
 
 927 -929 -918 '907 '930 '930 -949 '997 -992 '982 -913 '931 -917 -937 -960 
 
 945 
 
 5 
 
 0-906 -942 -968 '966 -970 -973 -962 -968 -976 -968 -959 -950 '941 -908 "940 -945 '972 -982 '983 1-007 -962 -975 -977 -941 
 
 960 
 
 6 
 
 953 -981 -988 -991 '953 -974 -962 -938 -930 -920 -909 -901 -893 -889 '851 -862 '878 -869 -919 0-944 -897 -890 '878 -888 
 
 919 
 
 co 7 
 
 878. -927 -932 -930 '950 1'Oie -986 -968 -971 -925 '879 -874 -870 -844 -837 -834 '905 -906 '875 -972 -967 -946 '921 -919 
 
 918 
 
 s 8 
 
 957 -968 -980 -989 '981 0-951 -829 -837 -808 -828 -848 '848 -848 -860 -856 -842 -848 -921 '957 -950 -927 -920 '899 -904 
 
 898 
 
 . 9 
 
 913 -950 -960 -967 '987 I'OOS roie i-ooo i-oos 1-002 -995 -984 -973 '958 '962 -962 -933 -906 "948 '910 .94(5 -925 -923 -909 
 
 960 
 
 ^!< 10 
 
 932 '940 "975 "986 "992 "034 "004 0-936 0-920 
 
 
 ^ J-V7 
 
 a 11 
 
 0-961 1-001 -992 -984 1-009 1-026 .953 -944 -935 -950 -970 -980 -953 -982 -956 
 
 971 
 
 1 12 
 
 990 1-035 1-031 1-022 1-032 -Q19 0'997 -979 '962 -942 0-922 -932 -942 0-952 0-956 -939 -957 -944 -909 -982 1'OOfi -971 -959 -963 
 
 973 
 
 rrj i '> 
 
 J.O 
 
 961 0-990 -019 -015 -003 0-992 -959 -925 -9C6 '906 -906 -911 '916 '950 -951 -924 -925 -937 -916 -914 0-963 -963 -953 -938 
 
 948 
 
 14 
 
 988 1-001 -022 -027 -009 '961 '876 -855 -775 779 '782 -803 -825 '845 "881 -797 -768 -804 -871 -902 -883 -941 -917 -948 
 
 886 
 
 ^^ 1 K 
 
 AH 15 
 
 960 -001 -018 -015 -002 -975 '972 '940 -921 '930 -938 -950 '962 -998 1'OU 854 -823 -792 -829 -800 "784 -837 '819 -781 
 
 913 
 
 <1 16 
 
 796 0-828 0-860 0-846 0'845 -833 '830 '830 -830 -820 '809 -805 "802 '805 0-834 883 -916 -999 -961 -945 -953 -945 -961 -956 
 
 871 
 
 ^ 17 
 
 950 '950 -964 '962 '961 -984 -972 -952 -985 - _____ 
 
 
 fe 18 
 
 916 -847 -843 '839 '859 '880 '908 -902 -895 -913 -908 '938 -921 "873 -900 
 
 918 
 
 O 19 
 
 879 -916 -943 "892 "897 -902 -887 -853 '872 -875 '878 -856 '835 '855 '837 "870 '881 -900 -894 -911 -874 -851 -835 -847 
 
 877 
 
 fc 20 
 
 855 '882 -887 -887 '896 '893 -883 -864 -864 -860 '855 -863 '871 -880 '889 "888 '958 -961 -944 -915 -913 -934 -949 -915 
 
 896 
 
 21 
 
 920 '909 -872 '870 '863 '891 -893 -893 -853 -861 -869 -882 '896 -888 '906 '916 '921 -909 -920 -945 -913 -915 -964 -941 
 
 900 
 
 02 22 
 
 929 "804 -849 -849 '916 '889 "873 -941 '902 "864 -825 -835 "846 -842 '878 '866 "856 -871 -920 -937 -881 -926 -892 -919 
 
 880 
 
 1 23 
 
 925 '929 -925 -930 "848 '889 -895 -881 -864 -860 -855 -840 '825 -803 784 '801 '849 798 -850 799 -818 -837 -866 -884 
 
 856 
 
 H 24 
 
 876 '897 '933 -934 '945 '941 -949 -819 792 - _____ 
 
 
 25 
 
 771 750 -753 756 -801 '808 -820 -809 -838 -845 -892 -827 -802 -830 -834 
 
 843 
 
 26 
 
 821 788 -800 776 776 791 775 788 -823 '829 '835 -838 '841 -838 -844 -877 '851 797 778 751 -751 -806 -761 -832 
 
 807 
 
 27 
 
 782 -803 -841 -833 "820 '850 -848 '848 -808 '779 "749 751 '753 763 739 742 749 729 -723 -696 -692 -605 729 794 
 
 772 
 
 28 
 
 7sl .844 -889 -909 -875 -828 -837 -802 -800 -780 "759 -755 '752 744 -749 -748 -751 -736 -739 717 -729 726 -717 -726 
 
 779 
 
 29 
 
 723 747 787 783 750 726 -653 -663 -672 '694 715 720 "726 723 761 787 730 -729 -767 -735 -743 799 -754 -799 
 
 731 
 
 30 
 
 766 742 -732 724 -731 -677 '655 -661 -675 '685 '695 -693 '692 -694 757 731 -808 -696 -665 713 -726 -713 -719 -680 
 
 710 
 
 Means 
 
 895 '909 -925 -922 -918 '918 '896 -883 '872 '864 '856 -856 -856 -862 '865 -858 '870 '862 -874 -880 -877 '876 '877 '880 ] 
 
 0-881 
 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 25 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR 
 
 AND 
 
 TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 18'345678 
 
 9 
 
 10 11 
 
 12 13 
 
 14 15 
 
 16 17 
 
 18 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 22 
 
 23 
 
 Daily and 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. in. h. in. li. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 S.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 
 
 h. in. 
 13.41 
 
 h. in. h. m. 
 14.41 15.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. 
 16.41 17.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. 
 18.41 19.41 
 
 h. m, h. m. 
 20.41 21.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. 
 22.41 23.41 
 
 h. m. 
 0.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. 
 1.41 2.41 
 
 h. m. 
 3.41 
 
 May 31 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 -o 6 
 7 
 
 8 
 a) 9 
 
 g 10 
 
 7 ii 
 
 s 
 
 ^ 14 
 H 15 
 
 a 16 
 
 EH ^ 
 
 PH 18 
 19 
 SH 20 
 S 21 
 Q 22 
 
 h- 1 _.-, 
 
 S 23 
 p 24 
 W 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 0-39 0-41 0-4. r > 0-52 0'50 0'54 0'55 0'55 0-55 
 
 45 -45 -51 :>] -53 -55 -48 -47 -53 
 61 -68 -82 -82 -85 -84 -84 -84 75 
 52 -63 -67 -74 '78 73 72 -69 74 
 75 72 78 78 -83 -84 -82 -82 -84 
 47 -54 -51 -60 -64 -58 -68 -68 -62 
 43 -60 '66 -69 -69 -68 70 -69 70 
 
 43 -45 72 70 70 -55 -54 -59 -59 
 ' -46 -46 -59 -68 70 -64 -58 -58 '61 
 56 -55 -68 79 -83 75 75 -80 75 
 44 -51 -56 -58 -49 -50 -51 -53 -55 
 39 -41 '47 -69 -67 70 -67 -66 -63 
 55 -60 -68 -68 72 72 -80 7G 78 
 
 63 -69 72 -81 -82 -80 77 78 -80 
 42 '42 -68 72 76 71 76 78 73 
 56 -56 -68 72 75 77 76 76 76 
 63 -64 -69 72 76 78 -81 77 73 
 51 -67 74 75 -80 78 -80 79 75 
 73 77 -84 -88 '88 -88 -90 -89 -90 
 
 71 71 77 78 -80 '81 "85 -80 -81 
 62 -67 70 70 70 76 -80 -92 -86 
 73 79 -82 -84 -85 -84 -84 -86 -87 
 70 75 -82 -83 -81 -84 '88 '88 -89 
 65 72 74 -80 -81 -86 -87 -88 -88 
 57 -63 71 77 77 -81 -81 -82 -82 
 
 62 -67 76 -81 -82 -82 -88 -93 -83 
 
 * 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 
 
 0-43 
 45 
 50 
 56 
 49 
 46 
 
 0-41 0-42 
 44 -45 
 51 53 
 61 -67 
 45 -45 
 46 -46 
 
 0'40 
 57 
 52 
 67 
 44 
 46 
 
 0'522 
 522 
 682 
 681 
 711 
 579 
 
 581 
 555 
 574 
 637 
 521 
 574 
 
 647 
 647 
 606 
 645 
 678 
 793 
 
 783 
 713 
 730 
 795 
 749 
 719 
 
 709 
 747 
 
 0-58 0-61 0-61 0-62 63 
 54 -55 -56 -58 -67 
 73 71 71 72 -73 
 75 76 75 75 73 
 82 -80 -81 -82 -87 
 68 -74 -69 -64 -63 
 
 0-68 0-63 
 62 -57 
 72 -67 
 69 -69 
 84 -75 
 63 -60 
 
 0-58 0-53 
 53 -51 
 62 -59 
 68 -63 
 68 -61 
 60 '56 
 
 0-48 0-47 
 50 -51 
 52 -54 
 60 -59 
 56 -49 
 49 -48 
 
 64 
 61 
 62 
 75 
 56 
 64 
 
 77 
 80 
 74 
 77 
 76 
 83 
 
 58 -63 
 63 '65 
 62 -65 
 74 74 
 57 -60 
 64 -65 
 
 76 -78 
 80 76 
 75 73 
 .78 78 
 79 78 
 91 -89 
 
 68 -68 
 67 70 
 68 '67 
 74 -73 
 64 -65 
 66 -68 
 
 66 -60 
 61 -57 
 68 -61 
 67 -64 
 63 -58 
 64 -55 
 
 54 -50 
 51 -49 
 56 -53 
 58 -55 
 55 -50 
 53 -50 
 
 49 -45 
 47 -45 
 51 '48 
 51 '47 
 47 -45 
 45 45 
 
 45 
 44 
 47 
 44 
 43 
 42 
 
 46 
 41 
 39 
 41 
 51 
 74 
 
 42 -40 
 44 -41 
 45 -44 
 43 -41 
 40 -41 
 48 -55 
 
 43 -43 
 39 -39 
 39 -46 
 41 -46 
 52 -52 
 71 72 
 
 39 
 40 
 51 
 
 42 
 
 40 
 65 
 
 41 
 37 
 54 
 59 
 53 
 71 
 
 80 -83 
 73 73 
 72 73 
 79 79 
 78 78 
 87 -89 
 
 78 -67 
 69 -64 
 72 -57 
 73 -67 
 79 70 
 92 '90 
 
 59 -55 
 57 -51 
 50 -45 
 55 -49 
 61 -59 
 91 -85 
 
 49 -49 
 
 48 -43 
 46 -41 
 48 '45 
 56 -53 
 79 -80 
 
 91 
 
 82 
 85 
 91 
 89 
 89 
 
 91 -91 
 
 82 -81 
 84 -86 
 95 -92 
 88 -88 
 89 -88 
 
 91 -91 
 
 80 -86 
 88 -90 
 90 -86 
 88 -86 
 88 -91 
 
 91 -88 
 84 78 
 85 76 
 83 -83 
 82 -74 
 81 -67 
 
 77 -67 
 60 -57 
 72 -67 
 80 77 
 65 -64 
 62 -57 
 
 61 -56 
 50 -50 
 61 -51 
 69 -65 
 53 -53 
 53 -50 
 
 57 
 48 
 48 
 61 
 47 
 46 
 
 53 -53 
 46 -59 
 57 -62 
 57 -65 
 54 -63 
 44 -45 
 
 55 
 65 
 
 67 
 70 
 64 
 
 54 
 
 83 
 
 87 
 
 83 -83 
 90 -91 
 
 84 78 
 93 -89 
 
 73 -64 
 83 74 
 
 63 -58 
 66 -61 
 
 55 -52 
 56 -53 
 
 59 
 53 
 
 63 -68 
 54 -63 
 
 64 
 65 
 
 Means 
 
 559 -604 -683 727 741 734 745 751 741 
 
 752 
 
 760 760 
 
 766 773 
 
 743 '679 
 
 621 -578 
 
 534 -509 
 
 487 
 
 486 -514 
 
 539 ) 0-658 
 
 May 31 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 s 5 
 
 S 8 
 
 W 9 
 fc 10 
 
 e 11 
 
 1 12 
 
 03 13 
 
 & 14 
 g IS 
 
 -< 16 
 > 17 
 fa 18 
 19 
 fc 20 
 2 21 
 te 22 
 W 23 
 EH 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 0-648 G'654 0'666 0725 0'694 0712 0706 0'687 0'689 
 
 748 709 733 720 746 755 -640 -614 -662 
 846 -851 -956 -951 -930 -904 -901 -902 -817 
 782 -884 -853 -909 -934 -865 '855 780 "806 
 947 -856 -902 -902 -930 -927 '903 -883 -900 
 707 785 703 785 -806 '803 '820 -809 741 
 689 762 -808 -831 -823 '807 797 782 769 
 
 705 711 -947 -906 -906 740 717 742 730 
 778 775 -816 -849 -851 -804 725 727 741 
 835 '817 -877 -945 -964 -891 '866 -895 -822 
 714 757 -803 786 -667 -674 '687 703 '686 
 692 719 752 '817 -839 -842 "816 -803 759 
 846 -846 -846 '846 -850 -867 "889 797 '810 
 
 901 '912 -914 -977 -967 -889 -878 -866 -871 
 739-692 -898 -916 -944 -859 '874 -851 -802 
 833 770 -855 '877 '885 -893 "892 -885 -861 
 926 -909 -896 -892 '935 -936 '951 -908 -816 
 761 -878 '912 -910 '936 -899 -920 '907 -842 
 941 -948 "962 -960 '950 -941 '947 '918 -901 
 
 951 -898 '919 -921 -920 -931 -955 '906 -892 
 882 -881 -846 '833 '826 -882 -921 -959 -945 
 949 -963 -960 '968 -971 '964 -939 -951 -966 
 918 -90S '919 -922 -902 -925 -933 '929 -930 
 894 -924 -905 '924 -927 '967 '969 -967 -958 
 865 -901 -919 -946 '940 '957 -952 -956 -929 
 
 . 
 
 899 -903 -946 '970 -980 -978 1-022 ro50 -815 
 
 In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In! In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 0702 
 714 
 821 
 819 
 
 848 
 748 
 
 755 
 760 
 773 
 808 
 720 
 767 
 
 820 
 817 
 780 
 828 
 841 
 879 
 
 898 
 878 
 892 
 895 
 883 
 890 
 
 906 
 897 
 
 0'690 
 
 664 
 
 789 
 799 
 873 
 764 
 
 0-690 0-686 
 
 665 -669 
 761 758 
 791 790 
 845 '841 
 786 -741 
 
 0-682 0-67* 
 
 674 735 
 755 743 
 789 760 
 837 -879 
 696 -695 
 
 0739 0749 
 714 724 
 
 783 786 
 744 747 
 876 -870 
 700 716 
 
 0753 0738 
 
 702 713 
 769 768 
 772 773 
 877 -854 
 756 742 
 
 0720 0735 
 721 782 
 765 795 
 776 787 
 822 767 
 715 730 
 
 0704 
 731 
 
 772 
 812 
 762 
 720 
 
 0-689 0700 
 
 734 743 
 771 -814 
 865 -895 
 717 709 
 767 746 
 
 0715 
 832 
 809 
 895 
 673 
 727 
 
 736 
 739 
 743 
 818 
 684 
 748 
 
 816 
 854 
 796 
 849 
 836 
 848 
 
 702 719 
 747 741 
 745 760 
 813 -805 
 681 -698 
 737 738 
 
 821 '826 
 836 -808 
 789 -772 
 837 -840 
 856 -847 
 854 '840 
 
 736 740 
 736 742 
 775 -765 
 797 781 
 715 723 
 739 -759 
 
 831 -861 
 780 782 
 755 760 
 844 -828 
 839 -827 
 826 -848 
 
 740 780 
 727 738 
 770 766 
 745 750 
 731 754 
 736 719 
 
 882 -830 
 780 783 
 757 720 
 837 -863 
 854 -826 
 873 -881 
 
 761 754 
 722 741 
 770 773 
 755 784 
 763 747 
 737 743 
 
 781 798 
 755 737 
 701 -678 
 764 716 
 795 781 
 864 -843 
 
 768 726 
 758 765 
 769 766 
 777 764 
 717 718 
 707 741 
 
 770 -800 
 737 729 
 725 -677 
 762 757 
 784 744 
 881 -946 
 
 715 
 762 
 765 
 733 
 736 
 730 
 
 804 
 726 
 682 
 747 
 723 
 897 
 
 738 722 
 759 739 
 760 756 
 754 -696 
 724 717 
 779 -827 
 
 776 766 
 706 735 
 703 787 
 743 -801 
 766 767 
 894 -929 
 
 709 
 728 
 809 
 706 
 700 
 929 
 
 725 
 693 
 844 
 928 
 780 
 914 
 
 911 
 893 
 924 
 949 
 921 
 960 
 
 920 '905 
 894 -877 
 902 -907 
 931 -882 
 911 -897 
 961 -952 
 
 891 -915 
 860 -900 
 913 -910 
 834 -799 
 884 -852 
 944 -951 
 
 935 -936 
 904 -92] 
 940 -938 
 786 -816 
 864 -869 
 905 '847 
 
 878 -845 
 836 -805 
 928 -937 
 832 -848 
 865 -887 
 822 -815 
 
 798 794 
 746 765 
 905 771 
 855 -840 
 812 -808 
 816 774 
 
 816 
 797 
 770 
 847 
 733 
 765 
 
 818 -847 
 752 -862 
 861 -898 
 819 -890 
 786 -885 
 754 796 
 
 877 
 955 
 936 
 924 
 920 
 859 
 
 929 
 
 847 
 
 929 -921 
 
 878 -884 
 
 914 -845 
 890 -866 
 
 850 -805 
 868 -868 
 
 859 -857 
 843 -821 
 
 852 -860 
 816 -826 
 
 920 
 850 
 
 941 -969 
 875 -943 
 
 938 
 899 
 
 Means '823 '831 -866 '884 -885 "870 -864 -853 '825 '822 
 
 819 '812 
 
 805 -805 
 
 809 -808 
 
 795 788 
 
 780 776 
 
 770 
 
 779 -805 
 
 824 10-821 
 
 * The numbers in those columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
26 
 
 MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily ant 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. h. in. h.m. h. m. h. m. li. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 J.41 8.41 0.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 1B.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 O.il 1.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 o 7 
 
 i s 
 
 S 10 
 fc> 11 
 
 1-8 TJ 
 
 I u 
 
 tf 13 
 
 K 14 
 
 <d 
 
 il? 
 
 H 17 
 
 fe 18 
 19 
 >< 20 
 H 21 
 8 22 
 
 a 23 
 
 24 
 M 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0-64 0-62 0-66 070 0'72 0'74 0-73 0'80 0'85 0^80 0'75 0*78 0'82 0'78 0'77 0'75 0'73 0'67 0'64 0'59 0'54 0'55 0'52 0'55 
 83 '87 -86 -85 '90 -88 "88 -90 -92 -90 '88 '87 '86 '80 '78 '78 '72 '62 '60 '57 '58 '58 "58 '61 
 67 -75 -73 -75 '78 '80 '81 -80 '83 '83 '83 '85 -88 '88 '88 '83 -77 '69 '65 '58 '60 '57 "55 -56 
 55 -74 -82 -82 '85 '85 -84 -83 '80 '81 '81 '84 -87 '90 '90 -92 '80 '79 73 '64 -63 '66 -65 72 
 
 7 A '7A. Q1 -QQ -QO -ft! -QQ >QQ -QA. 
 
 0-696 
 776 
 745 
 
 782 
 
 786 
 750 
 736 
 763 
 768 
 723 
 
 722 
 615 
 659 
 
 688 
 652 
 6G8 
 
 646 
 573 
 523 
 527 
 566 
 634 
 
 631 
 
 783 
 826 
 808 
 796 
 
 --------- -83 '82 -82 -82 -86 '88 "83 73 72 '69 70 70 72 74 75 
 74 77 -81 -83 '81 "80 -91 '89 '83 '84 '85 '83 -82 -83 '80 75 75 73 "63 "55 '52 '60 -55 '57 
 53 73 78 '83 '83 '82 -82 78 79 -80 '81 '82 -83 '84 "82 75 -67 '60 '56 '52 '49 -63 75 '86 
 83 -86 -86 '86 -87 '80 -80 '80 '81 '84 "87 '83 -80 -81 "83 79 72 "69 "64 -59 "54 '54 -64 -69 
 65 75 -81 -83 -85 '88 -89 -87 '87 -89 -90 '89 -88 '87 '90 -80 75 "68 '63 '55 '55 '55 '54 -66 
 71 74 -81 -83 78 79 78 76 76 '81 '85 '86 -87 -88 "85 77 -68 "58 '53 '51 '52 '48 -59 -61 
 
 7O *7^ -77 -7Q 'QA, -ftJ. 7Q *Q1 *Q^ 
 
 - - - - -83 -80 '82 -85 "86 '84 76 70 '66 "59 -54 -50 '50 -48 '48 
 46 -51 '51 -53 -60 '63 -64 '66 73 73 72 72 73 70 73 -68 -66 "64 '53 -53 -54 -52 -55 "52 
 56 -54 -61 75 77 75 79 '82 79 '80 -80 '80 -80 75 72 '68 -60 '54 '52 "49 -50 '50 -48 -46 
 51 -55 71 74 75 -81 77 77 '82 '84 -86 "85 -84 '83 '80 76 -68 '58 '57 -55 -52 '46 -47 "46 
 56 -66 73 74 79 77 77 77 77 79 -80 79 78 72 "66 '58 '52 '50 '50 '47 '42 '42 '54 -59 
 58 -64 70 72 75 76 77 77 77 79 -81 '80 -80 '82 79 '68 -55 "51 -47 -46 '44 -43 '61 '62 
 
 fil -R9 -74. -7A, -1C\ -1A. -77 -7*; '78 
 
 75 72 '69 -66 -65 '63 '63 '60 '60 '54 '52 '50 '49 '52 -55 
 
 58 -59 -61 -61 -58 -58 '57 '63 -62 "64 -65 '64 -63 -68 '67 '65 "61 '56 -53 '46 -41 '42 '40 -44 
 46 -43 -47 -51 -53 -58 "57 '60 -58 '58 '57 '61 -66 71 '65 '57 -54 '46 -44 -42 -42 -40 '40 '38 
 40 -40 -45 '59 -62 -58 '61 '61 -59 '62 -64 '66 -69 -63 '60 '53 '45 '46 '48 -42 '43 '40 '38 -41 
 42 -40 -44 -59 -67 73 74 72 -67 "65 '63 '62 -61 '62 -65 '59 '54 '52 "51 '47 '46 '43 "44 -47 
 46 -47 '64 78 78 78 78 77 -80 79 77 74 72 '65 -64 '62 '55 '53 '51 '53 '51 '48 '45 -46 
 '45 '47 '50 g fi2 71 I 7 ( -7n -71 -78 . 
 
 ------- 77 75 75 -76 75 73 '65 '60 '53 '50 "49 -46 -47 '56 '64 
 66 -68 -68 -81 '87 -85 '87 '89 -91 -91 -91 -91 -91 -90 '87 78 74 -68 '66 '63 "59 '61 71 76 
 80 -88 -88 -90 -86 -89 '88 '89 '89 '88 -87 '88 -89 -87 '90 '88 '83 77 71 72 71 '67 -65 72 
 70 -80 -78 -80 -83 -91 '90 '92 -88 -89 -90 -89 -89 -91 ' -91 '88 '81 74 73 '69 -67 -62 -67 '66 
 69 72 -90 -91 -89 -86 '86 '87 -87 '88 '89 '89 '90 -91 '89 '87 '81 75 '67 -64 -62 -61 -62 "59 
 
 Means 
 
 611 -654 706 750 770 777 780 786 793 796 795 794 799 793 781 732 -671 -622 '584 -549 '532 -530 -557 '585|0'698 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 S 7 
 2 8 
 
 S 10 
 t> 11 
 
 7 12 
 
 M 13 
 p 14 
 
 g 15 
 
 53 16 
 
 !> 17 
 fe 18 
 19 
 
 fc 20 
 21 
 
 co 22 
 
 1 - :{ 
 H 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 # # 
 
 In. In. In In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In, In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 0-813 0784 0798 0'828 0'845 0'849 0'845 0'859 0-912 0'8G8 0'823 0'843 0'864 0'819 0781 0780 0'809 0798 0'805 0'813 0778 0'821 0785 0'827 
 
 911 -933 -920 -916 -919 '911 -913 '935 -937 -925 "912 '894 '876 '802 -805 '825 -856 -823 -818 771 784 -804 '808 "842 
 899 -886 -845 '849 '879 -897 -892 '831 '841 '831 -821 -831 -842 '842 '870 '868 '879 -817 -834 768 '808 771 790 '818 
 802 -922 -946 '938 -946 -934 -931 '917 -830 -807 784 791 798 '834 '842 -884 -891 -929 -927 '858 -875 -925 '929 -931 
 914 '895 -913 - 919 -898 '865 "842 '841 "844 
 
 In. 
 0-823 
 
 868 
 842 
 882 
 
 890 
 843 
 886 
 846 
 870 
 843 
 
 836 
 788 
 847 
 859 
 840 
 838 
 
 794 
 7J6 
 679 
 686 
 713 
 776 
 
 777 
 854 
 851 
 834 
 834 
 
 ------- -840 -836 -823 '811 '845 -887 '892 -895 -905 -934 -958 -961 '946 "935 '949 
 936 -940 -928 '922 -887 -873 -896 "861 '800 '808 "816 -804 792 "816 784 788 794 -810 '772 -774 -802 "883 '855 '879 
 846 -932 -891 '953 -&55 -924 -918 '859 "857 -863 '869 -868 '868 '871 '885 "912 '892 -862 -855 '843 -835 "934 -857 '924 
 922 -983 -945 '903 '879 -802 -804 -804 '813 '832 "850 -807 765 781 '814 '828 "835 -833 -838 -842 -786 '796 -895 '953 
 922 '915 -927 -947 -937 -888 -872 -853 "853 "865 '876 "869 '863 "858 '891 -891 '886 -864 -834 790 784 780 798 "925 
 927 -914 -951 -954 "866 "857 -824 '806 '806 -823 -839 -847 "855 '850 '859 "848 "849 -791 -753 -745 761 760 '866 '870 
 '851 '864 '884 -855 '8H3 -871 -807 RCl'i 797 
 
 800 -802 -824 -847 '851 '870 '896 "857 -864 -848 -820 776 798 -803 "800 
 770 757 702 712 789 -802 781 784 "837 -820 '802 797 792 756 "808 791 -807 -836 739 770 -814 794 -846 "814 
 835 789 -849 -928 '948 -918 -945 '948 '919 -908 "897 -889 -882 '816 '806 783 777 778 770 765 798 797 -804 769 
 804 -800 -929 '930 -939 -959 '915 '879 -865 -881 -897 -883 -870 '865 '891 -904 -845 768 -819 -802 -804 755 -823 788 
 835 -924 -927 -933 -946 -923 -910 '910 '878 -885 '891 "875 -859 779 795 760 701 714 762 758 -696 739 -866 '900 
 858 -862 -863 "877 "893 "900 -878 '886 "878 -874 -869 -850 -832 '836 '857 -850 745 734 708 748 760 759 -916 -877 
 866 '852 -918 '906 -834 "863 -884 '860 '849 
 
 ----- '827 -805 774 744 720 706 721 716 755 741 754 723 721 747 768 
 773 773 765 756 722 708 -698 731 719 736 753 724 -696 707 708 723 738 719 709 -687 -662 -671 -644 -661 
 687 -633 -659 '685 '692 726 -692 709 '688 -672 -655 -672 -689 703 702 -698 '691 '658 '652 -678 -669 "669 '665 -644 
 663 -628 -661 757 760 728 736 736 719 723 726 734 742 -663 -657 -659 '596 '644 -655 -643 -674 '666 '644 -658 
 660 -616 -647 757 '821 '881 -883 -835 772 746 720 -693 -666 '666 701 -680 '662 -665 -686 -672 -680 -645 -655 710 
 692 -681 -805 '881 '875 "877 -867 -849 '859 "842 -825 -801 778 '693 703 738 '695 719 700 745 772 731 -740 749 
 720 704 -692 796 -870 '873 797 -800 794 
 
 - - - 778 762 767 772 734 757 767 787 724 718 761 770 774 -852 -872 
 855 '842 -815 -812 -822 -831 -853 -847 "853 '859 '865 -854 -844 -840 '855 -864 '829 '805 -842 -857 -836 '886 -952 -974 
 953 -973 -890 -959 "850 '825 -833 '-844 '842 -837 '832 -834 -836 -827 '856 -863 -840 -808 783 -822 -829 '830 -804 '855 
 833 -889 -835 '844 -840 795 -805 806 786 794 "801 799 798 "816 "836 '836 -862 -853 -872 -860 -849 -856 -880 -880 
 864 -878 -812 '835 -825 -818 -823 "825 "825 -830 -835 -835 -835 "836 '838 '853 '865 '867 '825 -823 -830 -826 '817 784 
 
 Means '830 -836 '841 -865 '864 -855 -846 '838 -829 -825 '821 -814 -808 -794 -806 -811 -800 -790 "785 -782 "782 -790 -814 -830|0'819 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 27 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 45 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h m. h. ra. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. h. m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.11 15. ll 18.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 
 8 6 
 
 22 7 
 
 EH 8 
 g 9 
 | 10 
 
 u> 11 
 
 < 12 
 ' 13 
 3 14 
 J 15 
 H 16 
 W 17 
 ' H 18 
 fe 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 S 23 
 S 24 
 
 B 25 
 
 W 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0-69 0-74 0-81 0-84 0"S6 0'87 0'87 0'87 0'81 0*83 0'85 0'83 0-82 O81 078 0'74 076 0'68 0-67 0-65 0'60 0'60 0'55 0'57 
 
 55 '61 '75 - 78 '80 '83 '85 '82 '82 
 
 0-754 
 
 697 
 687 
 778 
 784 
 740 
 729 
 
 738 
 740 
 793 
 763 
 773 
 725 
 
 834 
 852 
 840 
 850 
 817 
 833 
 
 841 
 806 
 892 
 862 
 871 
 840 
 
 740 
 
 -76-70 -73 -77 '79 -76 -71 '66 -63 -60 -58 "55 -56 -54 -57 
 56 -69 -76 -78 '79 -80 -82 '84 -76 '75 -73 '71 '70 76 '81 73 -68 '58 -56 '49 "50 -50 -50 -69 
 72 74 78 -82 -82 "82 '80 -82 '83 "85 -86 '86 -86 '90 -91 "90 -81 77 -68 '62 '57 -57 "67 '69 
 74 74 -80 "82 '84 -86 '87 '88 '87 "87 -87 "85 -84 '85 '87 "84 -82 70 -68 -65 '60 '60 -67 -68 
 68 72 78 79 '82 -84 '85 '85 -84 -86 -88 '88 -88 "93 -86 73 -67 '63 '57 -51 -48 -53 -60 -58 
 63 -66 75 76 79 -80 "81 '80 '80 '82 -83 '84 -85 -86 -80 73 "65 -61 "55 '57 '63 "64 '64 -67 
 fiQ 72 -7fi -7fi -7fi -7fi 7fi -79 -7Q 
 
 83 -86 -86 -87 '85 -84 77 71 "66 "60 '55 -59 -62 -66 -64 
 68 '69 77 79 79 -81 '82 '84 -83 "85 -86 -84 '83 -83 -80 73 -67 '60 -55 -48 '68 "67 -67 -67 
 66 76 -84 -86 '88 '88 '88 '89 -90 '89 -88 -89 -91 '89 -86 78 76 72 -66 '61 -60 '67 -67 70 
 71 76 -80 -81 -83 -84 "85 -84 -82 '82 -82 -83 '84 -85 '87 78 73 70 -62 -63 -62 -63 "67 -65 
 70 76 77 -83 78 -80 '81 -82 -85 '84 -83 '85 -87 '89 -87 '87 "83 78 71 -64 "62 "61 '61 -62 
 67 77 -83 -84 -86 -86 "86 -88 -88 '85 -82 '80 78 "81 79 70 '64 -58 -56 "53 '50 -51 -48 -61 
 fi/ 72 74 -77 7/ -fiO '84 -85 -8fi - 
 
 88 -90 -92 -95 -93 -90 '91 '93 "90 -85 "82 '80 77 75 75 
 78 -81 -88 -89 -90 '88 -88 '89 -92 '93 -94 "92 -91 '89 -91 -92 -82 '83 -82 "81 75 73 72 72 
 79 '80 -88 -91 -91 '90 '91 '90 -89 '90 -91 '90 '89 "89 '90 -87 "85 '80 77 '69 '69 72 73 75 
 78 "80 -88 -88 -90 '93 -95 -93 -95 '96 -96 '95 -95 "95 '93 "91 "82 74 72 '68 '69 -69 70 74 
 79 -80 -90 -91 -88 '88 "88 '88 -92 '93 -94 -93 -93 "94 '93 -87 77 71 "69 -63 "61 -63 '62 "64 
 72 76 -82 -85 -86 '85 -87 '89 -88 '90 -91 '92 -94 '91 -95 -84 -82 77 75 73 77 77 76 76 
 75 -80 "86 -88 -89 "96 TOO -96-96 ___ __^____ 
 -94 -91 -92 -94 -93 '91 -86 '80 76 72 70 '67 -67 -66 73 
 74 -77 -80 -83 -83 "86 0'88 "89 -92 '90 -87 '89 -91 '87 -84 -81 '81 -80 75 72 -68 -63 -63 71 
 78 78 -81 -80 -81 -94 TOO -99 -93 "93 -93 '93 -93 -95 -95 -91 -90 '90 -90 -91 -91 '88 -85 79 
 77 -82 -87 -89 -92 -93 0'94 -95 -90 '91 -91 -93 -96 -96 '93 '89 '87 -82 79 75 71 71 78 78 
 81 -85 -87 '89 -88 -88 -90 '91 -91 -90 -89 '90 -92 "92 -94 -92 -85 -86 -87 -88 -82 78 77 79 
 83 -86 -87 -87 -90 -87 -92 -93 -90 -91 -91 -90 -90 -91 -90 "85 -84 -80 75 70 72 71 71 71 
 72 70 74 76 77 78 -83 -85 -87 - - ^ ------------ 
 --------- -81 74 78 -82 -81 75 76 73 71 -69 -63 -61 -63 -63 -65 
 
 Means -717 "755 '812 -831 -841 -855 -871 '875 -870 -870 -866 -868 -876 "880 "868 "820 '777 "732 -695 "660 -653 -655 -663 -687(0792 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 CD 5 
 
 s 6 
 
 * 1 
 
 EH 8 
 g 9 
 
 o 10 
 t> ll 
 
 f 12 
 
 j 13 
 
 P 14 
 
 15 
 
 3 15 
 iS 
 
 a 20 
 
 O 21 
 
 22 
 fc 23 
 W <>4 
 
 H 25 
 26 
 27 
 2S 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In In. In. In. In. 
 0-866 0-890 0-927 0'817 0'845 0'845 0'855 0'853 079-1 0'807 0'819 0799 0779 0760 0772 0784 0'840 O'Sll 0'847 0'850 0'842 0'831 0790 0'839 
 
 798 '850 '925 '884 -877 '896 '870 '838 - S36 
 
 In. 
 
 0-828 
 
 794 
 804 
 868 
 863 
 861 
 872 
 
 871 
 870 
 932 
 88] 
 837 
 832 
 
 872 
 848 
 841 
 872 
 899 
 915 
 
 891 
 870 
 881 
 907 
 895. 
 855 
 
 755 
 
 779 721 732 743 749 738 747 744 743 738 753 739 770 778 -807 
 803 "928 -900 -882 -881 '891 -894 -900 -820 791 762 740 718 745 "800 782 796 725 740 704 719 739 758 -886 
 866 -855 -865 -888 -879 '876 -859 '880 -881 '883 "884 '880 "876 -881 '914 '940 '886 "878 "826 797 774 '800 '887 -884 
 897 -867 -889 -894 -900 '915 -913 '915 -903 -882 '861 "843 '825 -813 "825 "807 '844 -828 "822 "825 -801 -848 "889 "909 
 913 -923 -893 '884 -895 '900 -906 '898 "870 '879 "887 "885 "884 -804 -905 "808 '816 '830 -803 749 727 -818 "859 -822 
 864 -847 -882 -873 '890 -892 -895 '890 -891 "880 "868 "874 "880 "870 "861 -817 '834 '841 '825 '846 -884 '906 "899 '930 
 929 -907 -887 '864 '858 799 799 "814 -800 
 -834 -868 '875 "882 '863 -887 "901 '886 "885 "847 "826 -900 '915 -946 '926 
 916 -887 -912 -915 '902 '901 '913 '931 -925 -915 -90S '860 '816 794 '804 "838 '839 "811 "809 762 "875 -815 "904 '936 
 934 -956 1-003 '993 '981 '954 -948 '935 "947 -933 "919 "920 "921 '885 '891 "887 '930 "902 "873 '875 -907 "960 -959 -947 
 924 -931 o-9i5 -911 '925 "925 '915 "902 "856 "847 -838 '840 '842 '845 -879 '888 '889 -874 -833 '853 "892 -869 "867 '873 
 889 '904 -873 "926 -839 '830 "818 "810 -820 "807 794 797 '801 -819 '826 '853 '864 '866 -846 '823 '814 "831 "820 -829 
 874 '938 -933 '941 -954 '946 -890 '892 -882 -846 "810 785 760 "781 -821 797 779 753 757 756 750 772 -727 '820 
 RQT -801 -S8-) -Q08 -Q10 -Q22 -Q31 -9-27 -QOfi 
 
 873 -840 '857 '874 '867 '835 "852 '867 '857 -861 '842 "853 '850 '817 -816 
 848 -871 -908 '896 -898 '882 "883 '891 '893 '848 "803 '807 '811 789 "822 "834 771 "846 "827 "871 -831 -841 "839 -835 
 883 '860 -911 -841 -839 '834 '850 '834 -817 '817 '816 '803 790 798 -823 '827 '841 '838 "855 '839 -&52 '855 -866 -903 
 925 '917 '942 '860 -849 '838 "845 '842 -845 '848 '851 '845 '839 "849 -864 "891 "894 "847 -865 '853 -889 -894 -907 -922 
 921 '913 -941 -944 -944 -935 -925 '912 "922 '910 -898 '893 '888 '895 -901 '944 '867 '866 -872 -843 -827 '868 '857 .893 
 941 '907 '929 "927 -930 '913 '909 '915 '905 '886 '866 '857 '849 '840 -896 "901 '932 -918 '958 '943 rooi -965 -953 -927 
 Qi^t -o,r>Q -o^<! -QOft -ec7 -on*; -01*1 -87^ -877 
 
 -875 -872 -880 "889 '883 "864 "845 '838 "872 -864 -879 0-902 -889 "927 -955 
 908 -909 -922 '922 -899 "926 -942 '945 -916 -885 '863 "824 795 773 767 780 '821 "874 -881 "892 "877 '831 '860 -887 
 959 '892 -881 '870 '862 "901 "921 "911 -847 '844 -841 "844 "847 "867 -873 "841 "874 '884 -863 "872 -897 -908 -934 -904 
 910 -922 -903 '891 -894 -890 -899 "893 -862 '863 '864 '872 '881 '882 -879 '891 "910 -919 -940 -946 '924 -919 1-014 1-000 
 975 -959 -963 -957 -950 "935 -834 -843 '822 "827 -831 '841 '851 '847 '872 '893 '868 "914 -910 -927 -924 -911 -9U 0-917 
 930 -920 -894 '874 -890 '861 '893 '887 "862 '860 -857 -842 '828 '825 '834 '827 '872 '889 -862 797 -837 799 -802 772 
 
 787 -7J.7 -7A'> -7^8 .7^4. -779 -787 -7Q<i 'SfK 
 
 764 722 753 784 771 721 740 743 752 763 718 700 738 -725 757 
 
 Means 
 
 -895 -796 -907 -894 -890 -888 '885 -882 -866 -853 '840 -836 -833 -831 -841 -843 -848 '847 '842 -832 -844 -852 -865 -881 0'862 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
28 
 
 MADKAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 SSttingeii 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Madras 
 
 h. m. h.m. h. m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. U. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. ra. h. m. h. m. turn. 
 
 Means 
 
 lean Time 
 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 S.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 
 i 
 
 0-68 070 070 070 071 071 075 076 073 074 075 074 074 074 074 0'69 0'63 0'62 0'60 0'60 0'52 0'50 O'ol 0'53 
 
 0-670 
 
 2 
 
 52 -57 -65 -65 "64 -67 '69 '68 -64 -68 72 72 73 73 72 -65 '65 '60 '59 '57 -55 '48 '50 -44 
 
 627 
 
 3 
 
 48 '54 -61 -60 -61 '62 '62 '65 '67 -67 -66 '67 "68 72 72 '66 -62 '60 '56 '50 '51 -47 -47 -49 
 
 600 
 
 4 
 
 50 -54 -60 -67 70 '64 -67 74 78 -82 -85 '83 '81 '87 79 75 -64 -60 '56 -55 '51 -61 -59 -62 
 
 677 
 
 5 
 
 CO R 
 
 67 73 78 79 77 '80 '83 '80 '84 -84 -84 "85 '87 '85 '86 -80 71 '63 '61 -56 '52 -51 -53 -61 
 
 ftQ *A7 -77 .QQ QA -Q^ -Cft -ftJ. -8^ - 
 
 733 
 
 ;=! > 
 
 eA 7 
 
 -87 -90 -88 '86 -87 -86 '82 74 '64 '58 '54 -53 '61 '61 -61 
 
 754 
 
 8 
 
 67 71 75 -80 -83 '84 '85 '87 -88 '89 -90 -89 '89 -89 '89 78 "69 '61 '58 -53 -55 '53 -56 -58 
 
 748 
 
 9 
 
 64 71 78 78 77 77 74 77 78 '80 -82 '84 '86 -89 -85 72 -62 '56 '52 -49 -45 '47 -42 -44 
 
 687 
 
 1 10 
 
 47 '54 76 75 77 78 -81 '85 -87 '85 -83 78 74 -69 '69 '68 -60 '52 -49 -48 '46 -41 -46 -45 
 
 655 
 
 H 11 
 
 51 -53 -55 -59 '63 70 70 70 -64 '64 -64 '65 '67 -69 '68 "64 -56 '52 '47 -45 '44 -44 -45 -43 
 
 580 
 
 ft 12 
 
 43 -47 -54 -61 "59 '62 '63 '64 -62 '63 -64 -63 '62 -60 "59 '57 -52 -47 '46 '45 '46 '50 -49 -49 
 
 553 
 
 OQ 13 
 
 *65 *59 *57 '5ft *60 *61 '61 '67 '76 
 
 
 
 
 1 14 
 
 -82 -88 -87 '87 -85 -88 '85 78 79 '80 74 71 71 73 75 
 
 732 
 
 tf 15 
 
 81 -83 -86 -91 '86 '85 '88 '91 '86 '87 -88 -89 '91 -89 -85 '90 -80 72 '69 '68 -64 -64 -65 -61 
 
 808 
 
 ^ 16 
 
 63 74 78 -84 '87 '85 -85 '85 '87 '86 -84 -85 '86 -87 '90 73 -64 -56 '52 '51 -46 -45 -46 -59 
 
 724 
 
 ra 17 
 
 61 -66 70 73 78 -82 -82 '84 -84 '82 -80 -82 '84 -86 -86 77 -64 -57 '52 '54 -54 -51 '49 -62 
 
 708, 
 
 18 
 
 67 71 76 79 '82 '81 -81 78 '82 '82 -82 -83 '84 -86 -87 77 -65 '58 '56 '54 -53 "49 '58 -59 
 
 721 
 
 H 19 
 
 59 -69 74 77 77 77 78 '83 '82 -82 -81 '80 '80 -84 '83 79 -69 58 "50 '52 '51 '51 -50 '60 
 
 703 
 
 fc 20 
 
 67 73 78 78 '80 -82 '84 '85 '86 - 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 -86 -86 -86 -87 -88 -85 76 74 71 '62 '54 '59 "63 '62 -63 
 
 756 
 
 >H 22 
 
 69 76 79 78 '80 -82 '84 '85 -86 '88 '89 -88 '88 -90 -86 74 70 '66 '58 '54 '54 70 77 72 
 
 768 
 
 S 23 
 
 70 75 78 -81 -85 -83 '83 '87 -88 '88 '87 -89 '92 -92 -92 '88 -85 76 '66 '63 -69 70 73 74 
 
 806 
 
 D 24 
 
 76 79 -85 -80 '85 -85 -85 '85 -84 '85 '85 -86 '87 -89 -91 '91 -85 79 73 '65 '65 '65 '58 -67 
 
 798 
 
 3 25 
 
 75 78 -83 -86 '88 '88 -91 '93 -94 -90 '85 -87 '89 -91 -88 '86 -83 74 71 '67 -65 -67 '68 70 
 
 815 
 
 p 26 
 
 76 78 -80 -80 '82 '80 '89 '91 '90 -91 '91 -93 '95 -90 -87 '81 77 70 -68 '64 -61 -69 -67 -68 
 
 799 
 
 ~~" ' 97 
 
 7ft 'ftO *Q9 -R^ -QO 'QO 'Q9 'Q.4. *Q. 
 
 
 28 
 
 -92 -91 -91 -91 -91 -91 "91 -91 -87 '84 78 74 '65 '58 -57 
 
 838 
 
 29 
 
 65 77 -84 -88 -88 -89 -92 -93 '95 -95 '95 -95 '95 -96 -95 '87 -82 76 72 73 74 78 73 72 
 
 845 
 
 30 
 
 73 79 -82 -84 '84 '86 -86 '87 -86 '88 '90 -92 .'94 -91 '89 '82 76 -69 "65 -65 -59 -64 70 73 
 
 798 
 
 31 
 
 
 ' 
 
 Means 
 
 638 "688 739 760 776 783 798 '815 -818 '826 '830 '831 '837 -842 -832 774 708 '648 '608 -580 -565 '575 '579 '60010727 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 In. 
 
 1 
 
 0766 0758 0743 0721 0724 0723 0731 0738 0713 0715 0716 0704 0'692 0'690 0714 0723 0714 0717 0708 0738 0'695 0718 0742 0748 
 
 0723 
 
 2 
 
 723 744 770 752 733 739 744 713 '669 -685 700 "693 '686 -679 -680 -682 702 708 722 750 763 -695 -697 '645 
 
 711 
 
 3 
 
 683 728 745 718 720 712 -687 702 700 -685 -669 -678 '688 711 716 710 712 734 723 700 716 -688 '695 725 
 
 706 
 
 4 
 
 738 731 771 '823 '829 750 752 773 '848 -876 -903 '897 '892 -879 '828 -843 775 775 758 779 727 -812 798 '827 
 
 808 
 
 <o 5 
 
 857 '885 -892 '887 '858 '895 -913 '874 -896 -899 -902 -905 -909 '873 '899 '916 '882 '839 '820 791 753 725 759 -841 
 
 861 
 
 r? fl 
 
 892 '851 - 914 -966 '968 '981 '967 '939 '907 
 
 
 7 
 
 913 -919 -883 '849 -839 -851 '883 -899 -834 -801 760 779 -834 '851 -870 
 
 881 
 
 Q 
 M 
 
 867 '879 -908 '947 "958 -952 '953 '947 '939 -922 '904 '888 '872 -861 -864 -839 -808 766 770 735 785 756 -806 -830 
 
 865 
 
 9 
 
 853 -881 -893 '881 '869 -848 799 '823 '813 -820 -827 '836 '845 -858 -850 -806 741 703 700 708 '666 719 -648 -681 
 
 795 
 
 a 10 
 
 715 734 -934 '897 '890 -890 -902 '912 '910 -889 -868 '813 758 '692 -699 736 710 -665 '662 -659 -666 -631 -687 -644 
 
 773 
 
 e 11 
 
 681 '680 -676 -707 726 750 740 740.703 700 -697 702 708 723 703 -694 -675 -64'J '626 '622 -609 -610 "634 -618 
 
 682 
 
 12 
 
 602 '620 -662 703 '680 -691 -693 '694 '672 -676 -680 '673 '646 -617 -615 -649 '638 -626 -651 -649 '646 -679 -681 '664 
 
 659 
 
 H 10 
 
 71 Q -7^7 -721 708 727 -72 r > -711 736 787 
 
 
 /^ 
 14 
 
 850 -913 -883 -853 -827 -843 -842 '853 -881 '913 -90] -924 -979 -950 -917 
 
 830 
 
 p3 15 
 
 928 '922 .923 '952 '930 '918 '940 '957 '891 -888 -884 '860 -836 '830 -813 -834 '842 -858 -854 -852 -847 -833 '904 '829 
 
 880 
 
 p 16 '849 '911 -903 '957 '969 -918 '909 '898 '909 -882 -855 '852 -850 -855 '881 -809 736 -695 -675 -676 -636 -621 -670 789 
 
 821 
 
 O 17 
 
 779 789 789 '802 '829 '856 '854 '872 -866 -849 -832 '838 '844 -841 '850 -856 777 735 -696 742 774 770 741 '824 
 
 809 
 
 % 18 
 
 863 '860 -886 '919 '929 -914 '901 '847 '891 -875 -859 -851 -843 -851 '878 -848 775 754 757 748 751 -722 '834 -811 
 
 840 
 
 t> 19 
 
 799 '857 -873 '884 '869 -862 -860 '905 "864 -838 -811 '807 '803 -842 -864 -882 -824 735 701 739 702 714 752 -848 
 
 818 
 
 fe 20 
 
 893 -891 -904 -898 '897 -903 -906 '915 '921 ______ 
 
 
 21 
 
 886 -851 '852 '853 -870 '853 '846 '891 "886 -823 771 -835 -872 '876 '871 
 
 874 
 
 (Zi 22 
 
 .884 -905 -910 '888 "895 -894 -900 -898 -876 -883 '890 '886 -882 890 -864 -855 '876 -873 -840 -824 -822 -905 '855 -856 
 
 877 
 
 23 
 
 858 -888 -895 '904 '924 '878 -872 -901 -887 -882 '877 -886 -895 -894 -899 -882 '879 '905 -883 '831 '872 -884 '916 -899 
 
 887 
 
 55 24 
 
 900 -908 -918 '864 '919 -915 '904 -892 -872 -846 '819 -819 -819 '836 '849 -870 '842 -842 -844 -801 -815 -851 780 -875 
 
 858 
 
 5*5 2 c 
 
 910 '915 -917 '923 '911 '912 -920 -926 '942 -899 '856 '849 -842 -836 '846 -846 -868 -867 '880 '882 -871 -908 '902 '906 
 
 889 
 
 H 26 
 
 912 -890 '886 '883 '891 -802 -833 .843 '860 -863 '866 -869 -873 '829 '823 -828 '850 -858 '861 -887 '897 -907 -^7 -902 
 
 869 
 
 27 
 
 929 -922 '867 '860 '934 -916 '939 -956 -940 - _ ______ 
 
 
 28 
 
 896 -851 -843 -836 '836 '809 -809 '818 '861 '885 '896 -882 -815 740 741 
 
 866 
 
 2 
 
 834 '878 -900 -911 -893 -897 -906 -901 -896 '899 -902 '889 -877 -887 '931 -913 -950 -931 -927 '936 -955 -981 -926 -914 
 
 910 
 
 3C 
 
 912 '923 -918 -922 -917 -920 -921 -924 -917 -'924 -931 '940 -949 -833 '831 -838 -833 -80S -815 -858 -811 -897 -915 -942 
 
 892 
 
 Means '821 -835 351 -857 -801 -852 '852 { -831 -823 '815 -817 '817 '803 789 781 778 777 790 796 -80S 
 
 0-823 
 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 29 
 
 HUMIDITY OP THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottinpen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 
 
 12 34 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 Dailvand 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. 
 4.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. ra. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. 
 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 18.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 
 
 h. m. 
 21.41 
 
 h. m. 
 
 22.41 
 
 h. m. 
 23.41 
 
 h. in. 
 0.41 
 
 h. m. 
 1.41 
 
 h. m. 
 
 2.41 
 
 h. m. 
 3.41 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR OCTOBER 1856 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 r 
 
 
 4 
 
 E 
 t, 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 c 
 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0-76 
 72 
 83 
 
 81 
 
 77 
 75 
 76 
 90 
 86 
 61 
 
 66 
 69 
 69 
 69 
 71 
 93 
 
 73 
 66 
 63 
 
 78' 
 
 67 
 54 
 
 63 
 71 
 69 
 63 
 
 68 
 
 0-78 0-81 0-80 0-83 0'82 0'83 0'88 0'90 0*91 0'92 0'94 0'96 0'92 0'91 0'89 0'83 
 78 "83 -86 -89 -86 '88 -88 -95 -92 '89 -92 '96 -95 -94 '88 '82 
 86 '89 -91 -92 '91 -91 -92 -95 -94 '93 -94 '95 -96 -94 -90 "81 
 84 "87 '89 -90 '91 '93 -9S -92 
 
 075 
 
 77 
 77 
 
 0-65 
 92 
 66 
 
 0-64 
 88 
 69 
 
 0-68 
 82 
 74 
 
 070 
 76 
 
 79 
 
 072 
 75 
 81 
 
 071 
 73 
 79 
 
 0-814 
 
 857 
 863 
 
 843 
 837 
 857 
 879 
 902 
 771 
 
 760 
 
 823 
 814 
 808 
 768 
 854 
 
 835 
 812 
 777 
 793 
 815 
 742 
 
 683 
 747 
 769 
 755 
 751 
 802 
 
 _ _ -93 -94 -94 -95 '96 -94 -86 '75 
 78 '81 -81 -85 -86 '91 -92 -94 -93 "92 -94 '96 -96 -95 -88 -78 
 78 '84 -88 -88 '90 "92 -88 '92 -93 '94 -94 '95 -95 '92 -94 -80 
 83 '86 -87 -88 "85 '89 -92 -87 -85 '83 -83 '83 -87 -92 -92 -94 
 91 '95 -95 -96 "87 '90 -90 '94 -95 '95 '93 '92 '91 '90 -96 -92 
 87 -91 -88 "85 -82 '80 -81 '80 -79 '78 "81 '84 '83 '84 -81 -78 
 72 '80 -80 -81 -84 '89 -88 '89 - - - 
 90 -91 -93 "96 -93 -93 -87 '73 
 74 '82 -86 -88 '88 '91 -91 '96 -96 '95 -95 '95 -96 -93 -88 '82 
 78 '83 -87 -91 '92 -92 -93 '93 -94 -94 -95 '96 -96 '96 '85 '82 
 78 '83 -87 '86 '92 '91 -93 -92 -93 -94 -95 '96 -96 -94 -89 '80 
 71 '74 -76 -84 "82 "84 -85 -86 -88 "90 '90 '91 -91 -89 -86 '71 
 79 '82 -83 '87 '89 "92 -92 '92 -92 -92 -92 "92 -92 -91 -90 '84 
 93 '91 '91 '93 '93 '93 '88 '86 
 
 73 
 76 
 80 
 91 
 87 
 72 
 
 67 
 74 
 74 
 71 
 63 
 85 
 
 73 
 76 
 79 
 93 
 86 
 70 
 
 59 
 59 
 63 
 
 60 
 59 
 
 82 
 
 72 
 
 74 
 79 
 93 
 84 
 63 
 
 48 
 66 
 59 
 56 
 64 
 75 
 
 69 
 73 
 76 
 91 
 
 82 
 59 
 
 53 
 69 
 62 
 54 
 63 
 76 
 
 68 
 70 
 77 
 91 
 83 
 59 
 
 54 
 70 
 61 
 61 
 60 
 76 
 
 70 
 71 
 77 
 89 
 84 
 58 
 
 49 
 69 
 56 
 63 
 61 
 80 
 
 71 
 71 
 76 
 89 
 88 
 62 
 
 55 
 67 
 63 
 
 67 
 65 
 
 84 
 
 -------- -88-90 -91 '93 -95 -94 -89 '81 
 73 -81 -83 -88 '92 '91 -91 '91 -92 -93 -93 '93 '94 -95 -89 '80 
 75 '80 -80 -83 '84 '86 -86 '87 -88 '88 -91 '95 -95 -92 -85 -77 
 73 "79 -81 -83 '83 '83 -85 "89 -89 '89 '89 '90 -91 -90 '86 -80 
 82 '89 -89 -90 -91 "91 -94 '95 -94 '93 '92 '91 -96 -93 '84 '80 
 67 '77 -81 -78 '82 '83 -85 '89 -89 '89 '90 '91 -92 -91 '76 -73 
 59 '62 -63 -67 '69 '68 "73 '81 - - - - - - - - 
 -------- -82-83 -84 -86 -75 -85 74 -68 
 64 '69 -70 -71 -77 '81 -86 -87 '88 '89 -88 '87 -90 -89 -81 -73 
 71 '75 '76 -78 '82 '90 '88 "89 -89 '88 '90 '92 -92 '91 -82 -73 
 71 -74 -78 -81 -85 '85 '87 -89 -90 -91 -91 '91 -91 '88 -81 -72 
 64 -71 -72 -75 -78 '80 '82 '84 -87 -89 '89 '90 -91 -90 -82 '72 
 77 -80 -82 -84 -84 '85 '86 -87 '91 "94 '93 '92 -93 -90 -81 '80 
 
 76 
 75 
 70 
 74 
 73 
 69 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 66 
 62 
 67 
 73 
 
 73 
 64 
 62 
 67 
 67 
 54 
 
 59 
 62 
 58 
 52 
 59 
 70 
 
 67 
 61 
 52 
 61 
 57 
 52 
 
 59 
 63 
 59 
 51 
 61 
 65 
 
 60 
 63 
 51 
 
 64 
 58 
 50 
 
 53 
 62 
 62 
 
 56 
 62 
 65 
 
 54 
 62 
 61 
 68 
 61 
 52 
 
 55 
 62 
 59 
 57 
 63 
 <>7 
 
 61 
 64 
 65 
 71 
 60 
 51 
 
 58 
 60 
 61 
 60 
 68 
 70 
 
 70 
 67 
 65 
 75 
 59 
 52 
 
 59 
 67 
 63 
 59 
 63 
 69 
 
 Means -722 
 
 764 -811 -826 '846 -854 -871 -880 -897 -902 '904 -911 '922 -923 -915 '859 '787 
 
 731 
 
 677 
 
 653 
 
 651 
 
 ;658 
 
 668 
 
 685 1 0-805 
 
 TENSION OF VAPOUR OCTOBER 1856 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. 
 0-93G 
 
 891 
 957 
 958 
 
 940 
 934 
 877 
 877 
 864 
 792 
 
 838 
 854 
 863 
 854 
 "846 
 765 
 
 843 
 769 
 755 
 880 
 766 
 624 
 
 678 
 788 
 785 
 749 
 818 
 
 * * 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. ID. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0-919 0-917 0-883 O'Oll 8'888 0'890 0'911 0780 0'813 0'84G 0'839 0'833 0'812 0'830 O'Sfil 0'908 
 
 905 -922 -917 -933 -936 -944 -943 -985 -922 '859 -881 '904 -900 -906 -921 '952 
 851 -852 -858 -874 -858 '859 '857 "867 '861 -855 -854 -854 -875 -901 -905 "892 
 
 QQQ -QA7 'QQO -Q17 .GOO Qlfl 'QOfi -8<M 
 
 In. 
 
 0-889 
 
 948 
 893 
 
 In. 
 
 0-824 
 
 902 
 865 
 
 In. 
 
 0-846 
 
 863 
 928 
 
 In. 
 
 0-915 
 
 916 
 
 987 
 
 In. 
 
 0-942 
 
 936 
 994 
 
 In. 
 
 (1-946 
 
 946 
 
 1-014 
 
 In. 
 0-91fi 
 
 887 
 972 
 
 In. 
 
 0-877 
 917 
 895 
 
 913 
 
 9-20 
 917 
 852 
 853 
 766 
 
 810 
 862 
 851 
 855 
 811 
 893 
 
 806 
 815 
 797 
 824 
 886 
 749 
 
 676 
 729 
 767 
 776 
 775 
 837 
 
 906 -918 -919 -920 -904 -928 "899 '845 
 914 -919 -904 -921 -924 -921 -911 -912 -906 -900 -905 -910 -904 -916 -940 -914 
 919 -943 '949 -949 -947 -944 -888 -923 '927 -930 -931 -932 -932 "909 -946 '830 
 922 -929 -922 -925 -913 -923 -931 -832 -794 '755 '761 -767 '771 -806 -814 '822 
 864 -880 -874 -869 -800 -815 "807 -849 -849 -849 -8l4 -839 "836 '834 -847 '847 
 855 -874 -842 -800 '758 -729 '718 704 -696 -688 '696 7(.4 -695 715 745 775 
 84Q R'iO -filR SO'i -fi'^0 -872 -S'lfi -R^R 
 
 878 
 931 
 851 
 809 
 839 
 779 
 
 927 
 934 
 
 857 
 845 
 855 
 822 
 
 930 
 946 
 917 
 861 
 870 
 766 
 
 912 
 952 
 938 
 864 
 880 
 765 
 
 900 
 909 
 910 
 870 
 892 
 784 
 
 0-917 
 918 
 908 
 875 
 878 
 780 
 
 887 
 919 
 890 
 869 
 882 
 825 
 
 861 -864 -870 -876 '836 '863 -883 -815 
 866 -894 -882 -874 '840 -841 -818 '847 -846 -845 -831 '818 '820 '864 -908 '926 
 893 '898 -904 -896 '887 '874 -872 '864 -850 -836 '830 -824 '820 -870 -863 -909 
 914 -902 -909 -893 '887 '868 -862 '874 -866 -858 '854 '850 "845 -878 '906 -889 
 817 -818 -820 -843 '817 "817 -813 -805 -803 -801 "802 -804 786 -83:* -876 785 
 877 -888 '896 -909 '906 -904 -906 "893 -894 -895 -896 -897 '881 "848 -881 '878 
 
 77Q '7^4. -7=11 '77 -7fi7 -777 -7/14. -7'^ 
 
 789 
 897 
 884 
 853 
 746 
 931 
 
 755 
 768 
 786 
 766 
 773 
 926 
 
 643 
 870 
 781 
 741 
 833 
 894 
 
 727 
 916 
 828 
 759 
 831 
 899 
 
 729 
 906 
 820 
 814 
 793 
 867 
 
 661 
 904 
 772 
 831 
 795 
 890 
 
 71* 
 858 
 821 
 845 
 807 
 919 
 
 784 -834 -847 '861 '874 "889 -899 -893 
 809 -829 -823 -846 '832 -816 '816 -816 '809 -802 798 794 793 "823 -872 '859 
 817 -810 '802 -814 785 789 775 799 793 -786 -802 -819 '812 '839 -845 -850 
 809 -838 '821 -827 '816 -806 "827 '855 -839 -823 "803 784 781 '804 -846 '846 
 894 -896 '875 -856 '864 '858 '844 -846 -847 '847 '842 -837 '841 '-858 '847 -884 
 762 794 -814 -768 '784 -788 773 792 793 793 787 782 771 -807 76G -SKi 
 
 R13 .fM7 -fix-A. -r.8Q 'fiQ7 'KK^ -fiQ^ -704 
 
 871 
 
 872 
 827 
 869 
 866 
 785 
 
 866 
 777 
 769 
 817 
 847 
 648 
 
 823 
 769 
 670 
 798 
 747 
 656 
 
 735 
 804 
 669 
 833 
 745 
 623 
 
 706 
 793 
 829 
 850 
 753 
 650 
 
 799 
 761 
 840 
 864 
 763 
 624 
 
 841 
 815 
 820 
 869 
 716 
 628 
 
 -------- -695 -685 -682 -680 '642 -693 707 713 
 679 -693- -697 708 736 749 751 749 739 728 715 702 709 724 754 775 
 758 782 770 786 798 -807 782 767 759 751 751 751 742 783 788 769 
 779 786 -811 -814 -806 778 792 798 '804 -809 '805 -801 785 '803 -812 786 
 732 770 774 784 799 783 784 764 757 749 741 733 732 771 -807 776 
 854 -863 -860 -871 "847 '854 -824 -801 "805 -809 '801 793 -814 -834 '840 '885 
 
 683 
 717 
 
 753 
 742 
 786 
 850 
 
 671 
 723 
 700 
 656 
 751 
 857 
 
 700 
 773 
 758 
 668 
 793 
 840 
 
 627 
 755 
 798 
 
 718 
 798 
 827 
 
 646 
 745 
 758 
 742 
 821 
 843 
 
 674 
 714 
 764 
 
 778 
 853 
 855 
 
 680 
 782 
 749 
 759 
 785 
 ;852 
 
 Means | '833 
 
 838 -848 -843 -846 '839 '837 -830 '826 '823 '819 '818 '817 '812 '834 '851 -846 
 
 835 
 
 803 
 
 803 
 
 816 
 
 S-2-2 
 
 827 
 
 826 0-829 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
30 
 
 MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gdttiiunm 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon ] 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ]6 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily am 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 Ml 6.41 G.<1 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 18.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 - t 
 
 "3 O 
 
 CO 
 
 r-i b 
 
 02 7 
 W 8 
 
 1 9 
 | 10 
 !> 11 
 2 12 
 7 13 
 J, 14 
 
 2 15 
 
 16 
 
 W 17 
 
 H 18 
 20 
 
 fc S 
 s g 
 
 a 24 
 
 25 
 
 W 26 
 27 
 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 074 078 0-80 0-81 0-8-2 G-8 r -i ft-Rfi 0-87 O88 
 
 0-793 
 735 
 755 
 717 
 750 
 785. 
 
 784 
 750 
 689 
 879 
 890 
 869 
 
 872 
 880 
 824 
 940 
 935 
 824 
 
 876 
 884 
 866 
 868 
 803 
 810 
 
 740 
 
 ryc9 O7 n-7Q n-3 n-89 n-&9 n-89 n-74, o-ft^ O&3 o-7Q 0-77 o-fifi 0-79 n-^9 
 
 77 70 -69 -69 -71 -71 71 74 76 -78 '80 '84 -89 -88 -87 -83 70 '67 -65 -68 -66 -60 -64 -66 
 67 -68 71 74 76 74 -81 -86 -87 '89 '91 '90 '89 -86 -84 -80 74 -65 -62 -57 -67 -65 -64 -65 
 66 71 -69 70 -70 72 74 74 71 79 '86 -86 -87 -90 -88 77 70 -69 -62 -66 -58 -53 '54 -59 
 57 -63 -68 75 78 -82 78 -82 "82 -84 '86 '88 -91 -92 -86 -81 72 -66 '65 -63 -63 -65 '65 -67 
 69 73 76 76 79 -85 -87 '91 -92 "92 '92 -91 '91 '93 -91 -86 72 -67 '65 -61 -62 "68 -63 -62 
 66 71 72 76 77 -79 -80 '85 - 87 
 
 ------ -85 -82 -85 -89 -90 -88 '84 -82 '85 78 -64 73 '66 -69 -69 
 69 72 76 77 77 -79 78 '76 77 78 78 -82 '86 76 "84 76 72 -70 70 -65 -8 -75 -70 -68 
 68 -69 -72 -71 -75 74 -73 72 -73 74 75 "71 '68 -74 -76 76 -60 -57 -56 -59 -62 -71 '62 -65 
 67 -79 -79 -81 -83 -83 -84 '83 '87 -90 "92 "90 -88 "95 -95 -94 -95 -95 -92 -86 -85 '96 -95 -95 
 91 -91 -93 -93 -95 -95 '94 '97 '96 '96 '95 "95 '95 '95 -93 -90 -86 -85 -80 -79 -74 75 77 76 
 78 '84 -89 -92 -90 -91 -96 '96 '94 -94 '94 '95 -96 '92 -92 -89 '84 -80 77 75 -79 73 -77 79 
 82 "86 -82 -82 -81 -78 '81 -79 79 
 
 ------ -86 -93 -90 -88 -87 -91 -87 -89 -95 '95 '93 -95 -91 -92 -91 
 91 -93 -96 -97 '97 -96 '94 '95 '98 -94 -90 -88 -86 '87 -85 '85 '84 '81 '80 79 79 -80 79 -78 
 78 '80 79 78 79 -80 -80 '81 77 "81 -84 '84 -85 -91 -90 -89 -84 -80 76 75 -81 -87 -91 -88 
 88 -89 -87 -89 '90 -92 "91 -94 '96 '97 -98 '95 -93 -94 -95 -97 '98 -99 -97 -95 -90 I'OO '94 -97 
 89 -97 -95 -96 "99 -98 '98 '98 '98 '99 I'OO "99 -99 -97 -97 -97 -93 -91 -86 -83 -87 0'90 -79 -79 
 80 -83 -85 -87 '87 -89 -89 -83 "86 -88 0'90 '89 -89 -88 -90 '86 '83 76 76 73 -69 71 -67 -73 
 80 "83 -86 -86 '88 -89 -91 -90 '90 
 
 -QA 'Q8 'Q8 *Q8 'Q8 -07 -88 -8 -SQ -QO -81 '*}R -QA .*fo oo 
 
 82 -85 -90 -92 -91 -92 -96 '96 '93 -94 -94 '96 -98 -98 -96 '91 -84 -82 79 79 -80 76 -77 -80 
 84 -86 -89 -91 '87 -89 -94 -96 '96 '96 '96 '95 -95 -97 -96 -91 -86 -80 -79 -73 -70 70 -70 -73 
 80 -83 -88 -89 -89 -90 '91 -95 '91 '94 '96 '97 -99 -98 '96 '92 -92 -81 -82 71 -73 -68 73 -76 
 78 78 -81 -81 -79 -83 '90 -92 -94 -95 '95 '93 -92 -90 -87 -83 -72 -67 -66 -65 -65 -64 -68 -68 
 71 75 -80 -85 -85 -88 '90 -93 -91 -91 '91 '91 -91 -88 -88 -85 79 -72 -66 70 -68 -68 -67 70 
 69 73 75 77 78 74 74 76 77 
 
 
 oo oo o yi at, y& BO D* bl oo bO '57 P o8 '61 '66 
 
 Means 
 
 760 792 -811 '826 -833 '842 '856 "868 -870 -885 -896 '896 '902 -903 -898 -861 -802 -776 751 -728 -730 -734 -731 -742 
 
 0-821 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 j 
 
 4 
 
 C 
 O 
 
 S 6 
 
 co 7 
 
 * Q 
 
 W 9 
 
 10 
 
 a ii 
 
 10 
 > 12 
 
 13 
 ^ 14 
 
 J> 55 
 
 O 16 
 17 
 
 % 18 
 ^ 19 
 
 fc 20 
 21 
 
 fc 22 
 23 
 S 24 
 te 25 
 g 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 0'855 0'857 0'860 0"854 0'848 0'843 0'847 0'830 0'802 
 
 In. 
 
 0-814 
 756 
 737 
 683 
 679 
 749 
 
 758 
 769 
 697 
 785 
 786 
 799 
 
 817 
 826 
 764 
 786 
 752 
 731 
 
 834 
 824 
 821 
 828 
 703 
 697 
 
 656 
 0762 
 
 ^^^^H 
 
 
 0-784 0-760 0767 0709 0744 0771 -0-836 0778 0'838 0'872 0'857 0'855 0760 0'835 0719 
 837 740 716 -717 -726 -731 -728 733 -738 756 773 766 759 746 771 -808 "782 -767 -767 '805 -783 -708 738 757 
 731 713 -732 754 '760 721 760 "749 749 -754 '759 737 716 -716 -721 -743 "763 '724 -723 '688 -767 -757 -721 7'><s 
 700 724 -686 -687 -680 '684 '694 -685 -655 -656 '657 '656 "656 "661 -677 '690 '720 790 '717 -760 '674 -618 -U12 -657 
 613 -639 -660 -687 '683 -692 -655 '659 "644 "638 '631 '639 '648 '646 -C55 711 728 710 730 '693 722 731 -732 74,4 
 742 -747 -747 744 -754 -778 -771 -782 753 745 737 "736 -736 730 -731 -778 -755 '730 -756 '725 745 -798 -742 -716 
 704 -739 735 -756 -765 -775 -783 -778 7% 
 
 
 754 /ll in /44 /o<2 /bo -775 '804 '771 '828 '674 '802 743 -76! -754, 
 731 -742 759 -762 -765 -749 -756 738 741 749 757 797 "838 -693 762 788 776 797 '818 763 '814 -823 -773 -760 
 733 716 -732 -725 -761 -742 -722 -718 7L6 -716 -716 "678 -640 '657 -669 -693 -662 '648 -658 '675 '675 705 -676 -694 
 700 -751 -747 -753 -765 -760 -763 762 -772 785 798 765 732 777 '789 789 798 -812 -856 '847 '827 '841 -824 -8T8 
 790 764 770 765 771 771 766 776 770 757 744 746 748 746 760 780 "836 -863 -861 '847 '812 -816 -807 -70S 
 805 -796 -825 -857 -828 -803 '820 -813 '803 796 789 794 -799 -765 750 -758 "748 -765 -800 -80* '850 781 -80S -891 
 833 -829 -811 -808 -801 772 794 775 776 - - 
 
 olz '847 o^b Ub ^99 -809 '819 '803 '812 -846 '841 '868 -S^fi -84,0 -a^n 
 822 -802 -799 -807 -804 797 '793 -795 '828 -834 -840 '829 -818 -825 -834 -852 '865 -848 -867 "834 '847 -865 -814 -797 
 778 -778 -775 -768 -767 -778 '773 -755 -744 '745 -745 746 -748 -759 -757 -776 -787 777 745 727 750 -779 -7Q1 -788 
 788 -789 -772 758 -757 779 783 793 '821 -822 -823 '812 -801 726 -713 723 718 753 799 -838 "805 -836 -82^ 'ma 
 814 782 -811 -814 '819 -841 -809 -820 '809 -771 -733 723 713 -713 -704 -689 "669 -680 -692 -696 748 -793 -698 -698 
 
 III :; 8 7 7 ^ :$ 'III S 35 S S! ' 7 - 02 1 27 - 9 - 31 1 08 ^ I 60 I 94 1 63 1 95 ? 
 
 -b41 'b4b "**> Boy ool 'oo4 8ot> 864 '862 *857 '848 '821 'fi^Q -QQI .QKO 
 825 -822 -839 -844 -834 -826 -824 -817 790 -792 -793 '808 -823 -818 -827 -836 -835 -833 -826 '833 '857 -815 817 IS 
 858 -836 -844 -855 -821 -825 -836 -836 '820 -822 -824 '817 -810 -824 -820 -854 '855 -832 -833 -792 -779 -770 -770 .778 
 802 -818 -848 -850 -850 -852 -849 -850 '838 -834 -830 '840 -850 -849 '855 -882 -893 -846 -830 -769 758 -746 773 III 
 765 -753 759 753 725 743 751 745 743 732 721 '699 -678 -663 -656 -682 -654 -642 -656 '663 -662 -66 -S? IZA 
 673 -674 -693 710 -715 724 731 738 736 733 730 718 -706 -679 -682 -698 '686 -683 -640 -685 '675 -25! SI ' 
 652 -676 -692 '697 -694 -679 -680 -693 '693 - - - - - _ _ _ _ ^ 4 ' 665 ' 675 
 
 ) '688 -609 -602 -597 "613 -585 -606 -614 -654 
 
 Means -'/oi -,o '7b4 '770 -769 -769 -770 '765 -762 -760 -758 -754 -751 -740 -750 -771 -767 -766 -775 762~77^|^r^r 
 
 *Th. Bombers m thess columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily meanl ' 
 
MADEAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 31 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 34 5 67 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Dailyaiu 
 
 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Madras 
 
 h. m. h. ra. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 
 Means 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 6,41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 18,41 19,41 20.41 31.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 i.41 3.41 
 
 
 
 # # 
 
 
 i 
 
 0-69 0-71 079 0-83 076 075 079 079 0'82 0-85 0'88 0'89 0'90 0'93 0'93 0-83 0'67 0-60 0-59 0'60 0'65 0'60 0'62 0'63 
 
 0754 
 
 2 
 
 68 '-69 .71 '69 70 78' 79 79 '83 -85 -87 '86 -86 -90 "85 -82 79 72 "64 "62 -60 -59 -59 -61 
 
 743 
 
 3 
 
 61 -64 .66 -68 '68 "69 72 75 -81 -82 -83 '83 -84 -87 -86 73 -69 -66 '66 '64 -61 -58 '63 '67 
 
 715 
 
 4 
 
 72 79 -81 -81 -81 '85 -87 '91 -83 -81 79 '80 -82 -82 -88 '83 78 '69 '66 73 72 -69 70 79 
 
 788 
 
 8 5 
 
 76 77 78 78 78 78 '80 '83 -82 -86 -89 '91 "93 "93 -93 '89 -87 78 75 70 70 "80 '82 '87 
 
 822 
 
 00 6 
 
 8-"> -Q3 -P'} -9 3 <}'-! -95 -Q4 -95 -96 - 
 
 
 
 \.l 
 
 7 
 
 91 -86 -88 -91 '94 -95 -87 -88 -89 "91 -94 -95 -96 '97 '96 
 
 923 
 
 PS Q 
 
 H 
 
 96 -94 -95 "98 '88 "91 "89 "86 .95 -93 "90 '93 "96 -95 -91 -94 76 -85 -85 "93 -90 -85 "95 "95 
 
 912 
 
 pa 9 
 
 91 -92 -94 '93 '94 '87 '94 '90 -91 '93 -94 -93 "93 -93 -95 -96 -94 -92 -94 .91 -88 '85 "84 "89 
 
 917 
 
 S 10 
 
 90 -92 -94 -93 -91 "94 -94 "95 -95 -95 -94 '94 "94 -96 -93 -90 '90 -89 '87 '87 -86 '83 "84 -86 
 
 911 
 
 W 11 
 
 o 
 
 87 '87 -88 "87 "89 '96 -95 '93 -93 '92 -91 -91 -91 -91 -89 '87 -83 '84 -83 "81 -82 '83 "83 . "83 
 
 879 
 
 H 12 
 
 83 -86 -87 -87 -86 -88 -87 '88 -89 -90 -91 "91 -92 -88 -90 -88 -81 "80 76 -80 -85 -84 "84 -83 
 
 860 
 
 Q1Q 
 
 84. 'QO -Q'3 -88 '8Q '8Q -01 -8Q -Q'3 - 
 
 
 -LO 
 
 14 
 
 -92 -90 -89 "89 -90 -94 -93 -91 -89 78 78 -80 -80 78 -80 
 
 874 
 
 S 15 
 
 80 -85 -87 '87 "87 '88 '87 "88 -88 -89 -89 '91 -93 -94 -95 -93 -89 77 79 -85 77 77 78 -80 
 
 860 
 
 ^ 16 
 
 80 -80 -83 -84 -87 -87 -87 "89 -87 -87 -86 -89 -92 -94 -95 -88 77 74 75 73 71 73 73 73 
 
 827 
 
 H 17 
 
 74 77 79 79 79 77 -85 '85 -93 "93 -92 -90 '88 "84 -91 '86 73 74 74 -68 -68 -69 72 70 
 
 800 
 
 W 18 
 
 70 73 78 '83 '87 "90 -94 "93 '92 -93 -93 "93 "93 -93 -93 75 -65 -65 -67 '66 -62 -62 '64 -66 
 
 796 
 
 H 19 
 
 68 '83 73 73 73 72 78 '84 '89 -91 -93 "92 "91 -92 -90 -85 79 -62 -60 "58 -59 "60 '64 '64 
 
 758 
 
 & 20 
 
 62 -69 74 '85 -87 '90 "91 '90 -91 - 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 91 -91 '86 -81 72 -68 -69 -65 -59 '59 '59 '63 -62 '62 "61 
 
 745 
 
 >H 22 
 
 61 -59 -61 -59 -60 -60 '61 '65 '67 71 74 74 74 77 '86 75 -67 '67 "63 "63 -63 -57 "60 -63 
 
 661 
 
 & 23 
 
 67 72 76 79 79 79 79 78 73 74 74 -80 '86 -86 -90 -86 79 75 72 -68 70 -69 "68 -67 
 
 761 
 
 8 24 
 
 73 -69 74 -82 77 75 76 75 75 75 75 78 '81 -83 -83 78 75 -67 -65 -64 -56 -60 '62 -62 
 
 725 
 
 a 25 
 
 69 73 77 79 -80 -85 -87 '89 "90 "91 -91 -90 "90 '91 -92 -86 -85 -83 79 70 72 '66 "67 '64 
 
 811 
 
 & 26 
 
 70 73 76 75 76 78 77 75 73 79 -84 -88 -92 -94 -92 -88 79 71 -69 -65 -55 -57 "60 -65 
 
 755 
 
 W 27 
 
 68 78 -81 -84 -84 -84 "fl9 -8S -89 - 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 -90 -90 -89 -89 -88 -86 -82 74 -68 -62 -64 -59 -61 '61 '62 
 
 775 
 
 29 
 
 64 -69 72 76 -80 79 79 79 '81 '84 -86 -88 -90 -91 -87 -84 -83 77 73 -69 -68 "67 '69 72 
 
 778 
 
 30 
 
 76 -82 -85 -81 -80 -83 -83 -85 -86 -88 -90 -91 -93 -95 -95 -91 -85 -81 79 73 71 70 72 -80 
 
 831 
 
 31 
 
 75 79 -83 -84 -85 "84 -83 -85 -84 -84 -84 -84 -85 "87 -86 '81 73 71 76 74 72 74 74 75 
 
 801 
 
 Means I '748 '778 '807 '818 '816 '828 -841 -847 -860 -869 -872 "878 '889 -894 -897 '849 -789 -750 -732 -723 -711 -706 -721 "738 1 0'807 
 
 
 # # 
 In. In. Cn. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In In. In. In. 
 
 In. 
 
 1 
 
 0'<557 O'flo!) 0-682 0713 0'682 0'C67 0'C83 0'678 0'686 0'688 0'689 0'687 0'G85 0704 0714 0705 0'618 0'596 0'596 0'61o 0'637 0'615 0'605 0-627 
 
 0-662 
 
 2 
 
 649 -630 -633 '616 -618 -656 "659 '672 -683 "689 -695 -685 '676 -680 -651 '648 "672 -681 -666 -646 -610 -591 "576 '596 
 
 649 
 
 3 
 
 574 -591 -595 "589 -588 -591 "595 -607 '641 '633 '625 -625 '625 -645 '648 '617 '634 -640 -636 -647 '634 -601 '639 -660 
 
 620 
 
 4 
 
 672 702 709 702 -691 718 724 740 '688 '695 701 716 731 706 -697 '656 -665 '653 -660 -678 '688 -659 '657 "697 
 
 692 
 
 to 5 
 
 629 -627 '617 '627 -625 -608 '614 '633 '624 '648 "672 '692 712 718 726 728 750 739 735 711 716 729 755 728 
 
 682 
 
 G 
 
 712 732 742 731 728 750 715 '693 '696 - 
 
 
 
 rH 7 
 
 -681 -666 -676 '687 -696 '698 '635- -628 '632 '644 -652 -655 '663 706 706 
 
 689 
 
 8 
 
 732 745 788 '802 764 783 767 747 794 787 780 794 '809 -807 782 "672 -691 759 '814 '855 -835 786 -818 '812 
 
 780 
 
 g 9 
 
 779 793 791 783 784 749 782 761 773 766 758 762 766 757 742 768 769 797 790 '830 '832 '838 '822 '853 
 
 785 
 
 a 10 
 
 834 -825 "803 790 766 781 785 792 795 794 793 793 793 799 790 775 '800 -816 '818 '825 '847 '818 '830 '844 
 
 805 
 
 H 11 
 
 812 784 788 778 784 "829 783 790 770 776 782 786 790 782 774 "809 -814 -836 '838 '826 '806 '816 "827 "814 
 
 800 
 
 12 
 
 794 797 799 '803 789 787 778 774 784 783 782 789 797 760 778 782 798 '802 "821 "808 '816 '833 '842 -812 
 
 796 
 
 Q V? 
 
 79fi -801 '804 777 -7Q2 '782 -788 -784, -814 
 
 
 M 13 
 
 ! 14 
 
 795 775 772 769 769 776 790 797 ;806 773 778 797 783 771 773 
 
 786 
 
 15 
 
 766 765 772 772 767 774 762 756 752 748 744 749 755 753 760 777 '803 755 787 "839 776 754 764 765 
 
 767 
 
 g 16 
 
 748 729 744 746 753 749 749 766 725 717 709 714 720 '696 710 752 725 722 736 719 705 710 710 700 
 
 727 
 
 17 
 
 689 -684 "680 '680 '674 '662 '698 '689 714 703 '691 -687-683 -666 -672 711 -682 713 -724 '676 -684 -675 700 '666 
 
 688 
 
 <J 18 
 
 657 -657 "672 '690 -704 '714 '720 -709 -693 '683 '672 -660 '648 '648 "647 '627 -589 -611 -635 -633 -603 '613 '624 '614 
 
 655 
 
 > 19 
 
 62.") -625 '635 '636 '621 '606 '637 '658 -670 '661 -652 -658 '664 -678 '668 '685 '678 '589 '592 "575 '574 '592 '619 '614 
 
 634 
 
 & 20 
 
 576 -604 '617 "655 '662 "681 "687 '692 "687 - 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 -706 -724 -695 '667 -611 '580 '616 -616 -565 -576 '587 '627 '612 '600 '583 
 
 634 
 
 % 22 
 
 568 -549 '556 '530 '523 '526 -531 '567 -577 '602' -626 -622 -619 -629 '653 '666 '642 "658 -639 '641 -638 '584 '616 '624 
 
 599 
 
 8 23 
 
 642 -666 "682 '694 "683 '683 '683 "667 '627 "627 '626 -637 '648 -644 '657 '681 '687 '666 '674 '644 '677 "657 '649 '623 
 
 659 
 
 g 24 
 
 655 -624 '641 '686 -655 "638 '647 '642 '645 "642- -638 -645 -652 -655 '644 '616 -642 "602 '598 '606 '546 '590 '590 '582 
 
 628 
 
 W 25 
 
 624 -634 '649 "656 '658 '689 -692 709 705 '697 '689 -682 "676 -664 '669 '659 -687 '698 710 '657 '674 "638 '635 '613 
 
 '6H'. 
 
 H 26 
 
 640 -639 '653 '640 '645 '653 "646 '643 '636 '642 -647 '663 '680 -679 '685 "696 -688 '655 '645 '632 '563 -585 "614 "641 
 
 646 
 
 97 
 
 R4.S 'fiQl -ROT -70^ -7nC -70"} -RQA. -RQ1 '7O r i 
 
 
 ^ / 
 28 
 
 -684 -663 -650 -638 '628 '612 '634 '636 -626 -585 '623 '592 '595 -603 '596 
 
 650 
 
 29 
 
 587 -616 '612 '648 '668 '662 '656 '652 -662 '658 -653 '666 -679 -664 -635 -657 "697 -696 700 "693 '688 -694 -694 705 
 
 664 
 
 30 
 
 713 735 742 -719 710 719 '723 743 747 752 757 758 760 758 751 754 763 780 775 760 723 725 755 788 
 
 746 
 
 31 
 
 725 -740 -759 755 755 751 744 741 741 741 741 740 740 '749 743 731 -694 703 '772 761 748 742 740 736 
 
 741 
 
 Means | '685 -691 -698 -701 -696 -700 -702 -704 '705 '704 "702 -704 -706 702 -699 '698 -699 -696 "701 -701 -692 -685 -695 -695 (0-698 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not obserred, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
32 
 
 MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 
 
 
 Giittiiigen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 123456789 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 '21 22 23 
 
 S-5'2 
 
 a 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h-m. h.m. h.m. h m. h m hm h.m h m. h m. h m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 
 t = l 
 
 if 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 8.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20. 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 $*' 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 parts P- p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p- p. p. p- p. p. P. P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 777666666 777775 2 7777 11 12 13 12 
 
 74 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 30 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 12 2 2 2 2 
 
 357 
 
 N 
 
 
 to 3 
 
 4 3 3 3 3 3 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 30 5. 5 5 5 5 4 
 
 13 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 oo 4 
 
 4 44-4440 00 00 31 31 31 31 31 31 0345554 
 
 21 
 
 X N E 
 
 
 5 
 
 888888811 1111 1 110578 10 10 9 10 
 
 58 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 H 6 
 
 9 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 1 31 0597798 
 
 64 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 P3 7 
 
 8 66666666 665442000 10 11 10 989 
 
 66 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 ta 8 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 4 1 1 1 100 0498999 
 
 73 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 E. Q 
 
 ^5 
 
 788555000 00000 055 5555558 
 
 40 
 
 N E 
 
 
 ^ 10 
 
 f> 66666666655331117767787 
 
 60 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 1-5 H 
 
 4433311 11 111 31 31 31 31 31 2565454 
 
 23 
 
 NNE 
 
 
 1 12 
 
 544444433 30000 31 31 31 0344333 
 
 26 
 
 NNE 
 
 
 g 13 
 
 2 222344 44 42 1 30 30 30 31 2433445 
 
 25 
 
 NNE 
 
 
 M 14 
 
 55556667733000 31 01 2566665 
 
 44 
 
 NE 
 
 
 15 
 
 4 444555 5 5 31 31 31 31 31 31 29 29 5565455 
 
 30 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 H 16 
 
 Wl 7 
 
 555555555100000002567772 
 
 38 
 
 Qfi 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 11 
 
 H 18" 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 25 25 25 25 25 25 23 20 ]8 15 14 13 13 12 
 
 i7U 
 
 187 
 
 E by s 
 s by w 
 
 
 fe 19 
 
 13 12 11 9 10 10 10 10 10 8999 83378888655 
 
 93 
 
 E 
 
 
 20 
 
 444433444 3311 30 30 3 3344444 
 
 31 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 >2j 21 
 
 333333444430000034545555 
 
 34 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 22 
 
 4444444444441 1 100 6878888 
 
 49 
 
 NE 
 
 
 23 
 
 7 776666 644431 1 100 488 10 11 11 10 
 
 61 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 24" 
 
 11 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 26 27 13 12 12 12 12 10 
 
 181 
 
 S 
 
 
 25 
 
 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 03130 39 9 10 10 10 10 
 
 70 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 26 
 
 10 8888S8 882222 2 20 31 1 9 10 11 11 11 10 
 
 69 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 Q 27 
 
 998888888 7711 1100 30 31 8 10 10 9 11 
 
 64 
 
 E NE 
 
 
 28 2 
 
 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 13 13 13 13 25 25 25 25 11 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 155 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 29 2 
 
 12 12 12 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 11 11 11 11 13 14 13 13 13 
 
 135 
 
 SE 
 
 
 30 a 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 21 21 22 22 22 22 23 20 .18 16 12 12 12 12 
 
 176 
 
 S 
 
 
 31 
 
 12 12 12 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 17 16 14 13 13 13 13 13 
 
 138 
 
 SE 
 
 
 
 ooooooooooooooooo ooooo'oo 
 
 
 
 
 t>> on ( No 1 < 
 
 81 80 79 77 78 78 73 71 69 54 37 24 7 6 350 350 352 24 77 9i 92 91 92 89 
 
 -\ 
 
 
 
 3 4 * 
 
 EbN EbN EbN EbN EbN EbN ENE ENE ENE NEbE NEbN NNE NbE NbE Nbw Nbw NbW NNE EbN E E E E E 
 
 / o 
 
 
 
 
 129 133 133 133 133 133 133 133 148 148 193 193 195 195 219 219 234 182 210 152 144 141 141 135 
 
 ( 62 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 4 ' 2 (. 
 
 SEbE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SEbs sRbs sbw sbw sbw sbw swbs swbs swbw s swbs SSE SEbs SEbs sEbs SE 
 
 ) 
 
 
 
 sS.g fe f NW 
 
 00000011124 5 88 12 12 11 4100000 
 
 70 
 
 Obs. j 
 
 r w 
 
 j'3| JBW 
 
 000000001122222244320000 
 
 27 
 
 . 
 
 > w 
 
 5 o ^ | S E 
 
 14 14 14 13 13 13 13 13 12 9 5 5 4 4 2 2 1 2 10 14 17 16 18 18 
 
 246 
 
 
 S E 
 
 (fjj I s E 
 
 17 17 17 18 18 18 17 17 17 19 20 19 17 17 15 If, 15 21 17 15 14 15 13 13 
 
 401 
 
 ,. ] 
 
 V T E 
 
 
 Ib. Ib Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 | 
 
 
 i 
 
 0-02 0-02 0-02 0-02 O'Ol 0-o3 0'04 0'02 0'02 O'Ol O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0'03 015 Oil 015 0'25 0'22 010 0'05 
 
 0-05 
 
 " p 
 
 
 2 
 
 10 -04 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -03 10 -08 -07 15 10 
 
 03 
 
 03 
 
 
 3 
 
 02 -02 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -03 -04 -05 '03 -03 '03 
 
 01 
 
 2. P 
 
 
 4 
 
 10 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 .00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -05 12 -20 -22 -22 15 
 
 05 
 
 M 
 
 
 to 5 
 
 02 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -CO -00 -03 -02 -05 15 10 '08 '04 
 
 02 
 
 c 
 
 
 So 6 
 
 01 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -04 -05 -05 -06 -08 '04 
 
 01 
 
 o o 
 
 
 rt 7 
 
 00 '00 -00 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 .00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -02 -04 -03 -02 '01 
 
 01 
 
 or 
 
 
 ^ 8 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 .00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -04 15 10 10 12 -08 
 
 02 
 
 IB 
 
 
 W o 
 < " 
 
 02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 .00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 15 -28 '35 -25 15 
 
 05 
 
 M -4. 
 
 O o 
 
 
 p 10 
 
 04 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 .00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 18 15 17 '22 -24 -26 
 
 06 
 
 & ? 
 
 
 !^ 11 
 
 03 -04 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 'uO -CO '00 "00 .00 -HO "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 -08 -07 -24 '25 '28 
 
 05 
 
 ., . 03 * 
 
 i 
 
 <1 12 
 
 10 -05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 .00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -05 '08 15 16 12 18 
 
 04 
 
 ^ a) 
 
 i 
 
 7 13 
 
 14 -08 -01 -01 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 .00 -00 -00 -00 -01 '00 -04 17 19 -22 -21 -24 18 
 
 06 
 
 01 P 
 
 
 A 14 
 
 03 '04 -00 -02 -01 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -04 10 15 10 '07 '05 17 
 
 03 
 
 Q p'l 
 
 
 S 15 
 
 08 -05 -02 -01 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 "00 '08 '08 12 13 15 12 12 
 
 04 
 
 3 3--= 
 
 
 te 16 
 
 05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -07 '08 '07 10 -04 '03 '02 
 
 02 
 
 ^* 
 
 1 
 
 P 17 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -02 -03 -03 -02 '02 -00 '00 
 
 01 
 
 c 
 
 
 H 18 
 
 01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -02 10 15 10 10 12 '00 
 
 03 
 
 B a ^ 
 
 i 
 
 W 19 
 
 03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '02 10 15 -20 '22 18 -35 -42 
 
 07 
 
 ^" f 
 
 1 
 
 H 20 
 
 15 10 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '08 -25 '45 '38 '30 "47 '45 '30 
 
 12 
 
 fl M ' 
 
 
 o 21 
 
 20 -22 10 '01 -01 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 "00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '02 15 '24 '35 '30 '20 -20 '32 
 
 10 
 
 E3 d) { 
 
 I 
 3 
 
 22 
 
 08 -05 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 .00 '00 '00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -03 10 15 12 13 12 10 
 
 04 
 
 ft C * 
 
 i 
 
 H 23 
 
 10 -04 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 .00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -08 -06 -07 "05 '04 "03 -04 
 
 02 
 
 Sr 
 
 
 05 24 
 
 01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -02 -01 -04 -06 -03 -05 
 
 01 
 
 g 
 
 
 25 
 
 03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -02 -03 -03 '02 -03 
 
 01 
 
 t> *? 
 
 
 fe 26 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 'CO -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -02 -04 -04 -06 10 '08 
 
 01 
 
 '& 
 
 
 27 
 
 08 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -08 -08 -05 
 
 01 
 
 W -J3 
 "" fl 
 
 
 28 
 
 01 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -02 -06 12 -07 -00 
 
 01 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 03 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -03 -05 -03 
 
 01 
 
 O S 
 
 
 30 
 
 01 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -06 14 -08 -04 10 12 
 
 02 
 
 'o^' 
 
 
 31 
 
 03 -02 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -04 '06 '05 12 10 17 15 
 
 03 
 
 J3 
 EH 
 
 
 Means 
 
 0-05 -03 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -04 -08 11 12 13 13 1] 
 
 0-03 
 
 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 33 
 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 c "> 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 
 t*> c 
 
 w " 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. hm h m. h.m. 
 
 z~ o 
 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 6.41 Ml 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3, 
 
 P* 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 18 22 12 9 10 9 10 9 
 
 134 
 
 S E 
 
 
 2 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 12 12 11 12 12 12 11 
 
 119 
 
 SEbyE 
 
 
 o 
 
 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 14 18 16 12 11 11 12 12 
 
 132 
 
 8 E 
 
 
 *O 
 
 oo 4 
 
 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 18 18 18 13 13 13 13 12 
 
 140 
 
 S E 
 
 
 5 
 
 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 H 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 9 9 10 9 9 
 
 120 
 
 SB by E 
 
 
 6 
 
 888889999999999009999977 
 
 89 
 
 E 
 
 
 "1 *" 
 
 685566678888 30 30 30 588 778877 
 
 66 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 
 556667788888881 28 29 9888899 
 
 71 
 
 E NE 
 
 
 g 10 
 
 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 19 19 19 19 19 19 15 11 11 8 8 8 8 
 
 126 
 
 E by s 
 SEbyE 
 
 
 11 
 
 7777777666 66 12 15 15 15 19 14 13 98875 
 
 103 
 
 Ebys 
 
 
 1 12 
 
 8 8 8 8 8 8 88 8 8 8 17 18 18 18 18 19 18 17 12 10 10 10 10 
 
 133 
 
 S E 
 
 
 13 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 9 10 10 10 
 
 114 
 
 ESE 
 
 
 fc 14 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 16 16 16 17 18 16 14 11 11 12 13 13 
 
 139 
 
 S E 
 
 
 g 15 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 16 23 23 23 r 23 23 23 23 22 20 19 14 14 14 13 13 
 
 192 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 * 16 
 
 14 14 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 16 22 22 22 22 22 21 17 13 13 12 12 12 12 
 
 173 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 17 
 
 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 24 24 13 9 9 10 10 8 8 
 
 121 
 
 SEbyE 
 
 
 18 
 
 676666666662222046665555 
 
 55 
 
 Niby E 
 
 
 19 
 
 555555555532221005677767 
 
 49 
 
 NE 
 
 
 20 
 
 6666666666 1 1000055666666 
 
 51 
 
 NEby E 
 
 
 21 
 
 766666666633333005676666 
 
 55 
 
 NEby E 
 
 
 o 22 
 
 6666666311 1111 31 30 31 7888787 
 
 47 
 
 NE 
 
 
 2 23 
 ^"* 24. 
 
 778888888888881004677765 
 
 72 
 82 
 
 J<: N E 
 E bv N 
 
 
 O 
 H 25 
 
 777777777888999 10 10 99 11 10 989 
 
 93 
 
 E 
 
 
 rt 26 
 
 9 9 10 10 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 16 11 10 11 12 10 10 
 
 135 
 
 S E 
 
 
 S 27 
 
 11 11 11 12 13 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 18 19 17 13 13 12 12 12 
 
 145 
 
 SEbys 
 
 
 28 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 145 
 
 s E by s 
 
 
 29 
 
 11 12 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 
 
 127 
 
 SEbyE 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Hourly 
 Means 
 
 100 101 100 100 101 102 102 101 102 101 111 103 111 113 110 114 164 139 124 111 107 107 102 101 
 
 EbS EbS EbS EbS EbS EbS EbS EbS EbS EbS ESE EbS ESE ESE ESE ESE SbE SE SEbE ESE ESE ESE EbS EbS 
 
 ] 108 
 
 ESE 
 
 
 i..a a K f 
 g.U-S NW 
 
 00000000000011 2330000000 
 
 10 
 
 <t>bs. N A 
 
 T 
 
 
 0000000001245555 10 10 600000 
 
 53 
 
 IT 
 ,. S' 
 
 7 
 
 o g " 1 S E 
 
 17 18 18 18 19 18 18 19 20 20 19 17 16 16 14 12 9 12 16 23 23 23 21 20 
 
 426 
 
 s 
 
 E 
 
 
 12 11 11 11 10 11 11 10 9 8 8 8 7 7 8 9 7 7 7 6 6 6 8 9 
 
 207 
 
 N: 
 
 S 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 
 1 
 
 0-04 0-02 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0'04 O'lO 015 0-20 
 
 0-02 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 03 '08 '07 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -03 '06 '12 -16 
 
 02 
 
 a o 
 
 
 3 
 
 04 -03 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -06 -02 '01 "03 '15 -16 
 
 02 
 
 0*53 
 
 
 to 4 
 
 08 '03 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '.00 '00 -00 -05 -12 '11 -07 '08 14 11 10 
 
 04 
 
 m > 
 
 
 fS 5 
 
 10 '09 '03 -02 '04 -01 '02 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -02 '07 '05 10 14 
 
 03 
 
 II 
 
 
 2 6 
 
 10 '03 -00 "00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -02 -04 -05 10 13 17 
 
 03 
 
 ~ _l 
 
 
 !* 7 
 
 04 -01 -02 -02 '03 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '01 '04 '08 '07 '07 '04 '03 
 
 02 
 
 3-3 
 
 
 Q 
 O 
 
 02 -00 -00 '00 "00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -03 '05 -07 '04 
 
 01 
 
 IL 
 
 
 3 9 
 
 03 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -05 -04 -07 "05 
 
 01 
 
 rt O C 
 
 
 M 10 
 
 02 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -04 -05 -02 -06 
 
 01 
 
 CL o ^ 
 ca"* 3 ^ 
 
 
 3 11 
 
 02 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -03 -03 -01 -01 -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 EG 
 
 
 g 12 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -00 -00 -04 -05 -08 '07 
 
 01 
 
 "o s- 
 
 
 1 13 
 
 03 -00 -00 -00 '00 "GO '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -04 -03 
 
 01 
 
 m 2 
 
 "3 g.S 
 
 
 Q 14 
 
 01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -07 -05 -03 '02 '00 "03 '04 
 
 01 
 
 - sU 
 
 
 15 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -06 -20 -02 -04 '07 14 17 
 
 03 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 06 '03 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '02 -02 -00 -00 '00 -01 '00 
 
 01 
 
 I' 6? 
 
 
 & 17 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -03 -05 -03 -08 10 
 
 '01 
 
 'a - 
 
 
 18 
 
 04 -01 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -01 '05 -07 '09 12 11 17 16 
 
 03 
 
 
 
 W 19 
 
 03 -02 -01 '00 -01 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -04 '08 '08 '06 '04 '02 
 
 
 T3 C 
 
 
 H 20 
 
 01 -01 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00- -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '05 '06 -07 -04 '06 '06 -08 
 
 02 
 
 a <n-" 
 
 
 fr 21 
 
 03 -01 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -02 -03 -05 "04 -04 '03 
 
 'Oi 
 
 !J 
 
 
 22 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -07 -05 -02 
 
 'Oi 
 
 a 
 
 
 W 23 
 
 00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '03 -03 -02 -02 -02 '03 '02 
 
 'Oi 
 
 -T3 
 
 
 24 
 
 02 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -02 -01 '02 -01 
 
 OQ 
 
 |s 
 
 
 25 
 
 01 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -05 -05 -08 -02 
 
 "Oi 
 
 Mt* 
 
 
 fe 26 
 
 01 -01 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -02 -03 -03 
 
 'On 
 
 *^ 
 
 CO -4J 
 
 
 27 
 
 02 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -07 -20 16 -06 '08 -07 12 10 
 
 04 
 
 - c 
 
 
 28 
 
 04 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -05 -07 -02 
 
 Oi 
 
 'r* 
 
 
 29 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -02 -02 -01 -03 -02 -03 
 
 1 
 
 O r3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J3 
 
 
 Means | 
 
 0-03 '01 'CO -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 '03 -03 -03 '04 '05 '07 '07 1 
 
 0-02| 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 3 fl 
 
 if 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h,m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. Km. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m h m. h.m. 
 
 tj g *3 
 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 B.41 6.41 T.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 * 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p . p . p . p. p . p . p . p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p- 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 10 88888888833333218788777 
 
 71 
 
 E N E 
 
 
 2 
 
 76666677788884111 12 11 12 11 987 
 
 78 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 3 
 
 88889999 '9 988111007888- 999 
 
 76 
 
 Eby N 
 
 
 co 4 
 
 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 31 30 13 13 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 96 
 
 E by s 
 
 
 oo 5 
 
 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 10 
 
 130 
 
 S E 
 
 
 r-H 
 
 10 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 1 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 
 
 100 
 
 E by s 
 
 
 W 7 
 
 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 31 20 11 10 10 11 11 11 
 
 64 
 
 EN E 
 
 
 S 8 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 21 21 21 21 21 22 22 17 14 13 13 13 12 13 
 
 174 
 
 S 
 
 
 2? 9 
 
 14 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 18 18 13 13 14 13 13 13 
 
 155 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 a 10 
 
 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 20 20 20 14 14 14 14 14 14 
 
 165 
 
 sbyE 
 
 
 1 11 
 
 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 18 18 15 13 13 13 14 14 
 
 160 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 S I 2 
 
 15 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 13 13 13 13 12 12 12 12 
 
 152 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 % 13 
 
 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 12 11 11 11 
 
 149 
 
 SEby s 
 
 
 te 14 
 
 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 7 7 7 7 4 9 9 8 10 10 10 9 
 
 101 
 
 E by s 
 
 
 H 15 
 
 10 10 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 133 
 
 SE 
 
 
 W 16 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 12 12 12 12 
 
 144 
 
 s Eby s 
 
 
 EH 17 
 
 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 21 21 21 24 21 15 14 13 13 13 13 14 
 
 168 
 
 sbyE 
 
 
 fe 18 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 15 15 24 27 27 27 23 24 21 12 14 14 14 14 14 
 
 189 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 19 
 
 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 16 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 19 17 14 15 14 14 14 
 
 182 
 
 s 
 
 
 fc 20 
 
 15 14 14 15 15 16 16 ' 16 16 17 19 19 19 29 29 24 15 15 20 14 14 14 14 13 
 
 193 
 
 sby w 
 
 
 21 
 
 15 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 17 19 19 19 18 20 15 14 14 14 14 14 13 
 
 173 
 
 sbyE 
 
 
 S 22 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 ' 13 13 13 13 20 20 20 18 18 18 13 13 12 12 13 
 
 162 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 23 
 
 15 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 19 19 20 20 18 21 20 20 15 15 15 15 
 
 181 
 
 S 
 
 
 P3 24 
 
 15 14 14 14 14 15 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 20 20 20 19 14 14 14 14 14 
 
 169 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 3 25 
 
 15 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 21 15 13 13 13 14 14 14 
 
 167 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 Q 26 
 
 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 13 13 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 152 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 27 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 15 15 15 15 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 
 
 153 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 28 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 20 20 22 20 13 13 13 12 12 12 11 
 
 160 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 29 
 
 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 15 13 13 13 13 13 13 
 
 145 
 
 SEby s 
 
 
 30 
 
 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 11 11 10 11 11 12 
 
 133 
 
 SE 
 
 
 31 
 
 10 12 12 12 12 12 .12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 11 10 10 9 9 9 9 
 
 126 
 
 s Eby E 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hourly J 
 Means ( 
 
 138 135 135 137 138 138 138 137 138 142 150 147 154 161 156 190 191 164 148 138 136 135 135 134 
 
 SB SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SEbs subs subs SSE SSE SSE Sbw sbw SbE SEbS SE SE SE SE SE 
 
 ] 141 
 
 s E by s 
 
 
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 000 00000000 11223 3. 0000000 
 
 12 
 
 Obs. N i 
 
 V 
 
 Q ^C | j S W 
 
 000 0011-112 '3 46779 12 10 51 0000 
 
 70 
 
 si 
 
 V 
 
 !o-=>i E 
 
 30 30 30 30 30 29 29 28 28 28 26 23 20 17 17 13 11 20 25 30 31 30 30 29 
 
 614 
 
 AO 
 
 s 
 
 E 
 
 ^SSg L N E 
 
 
 48 
 
 N 
 
 E 
 
 
 lb. Ib. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. Ib. lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 f 
 
 
 1 
 
 O'OO O'Ol O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'Ol 0'02 0'02 O'Ol 0'03 0'02 0'03 
 
 o-oi 
 
 S <" 
 
 
 2 
 
 02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '03 '05 '04 
 
 01 
 
 s| 
 
 
 3 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -05 -05 
 
 01 
 
 Ef 4 2 
 
 
 4 
 
 00 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -02 -00 '03 '04 '02 
 
 01 
 
 X CD 
 
 
 co 5 
 
 02 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -02 '03 '03 '07 '05 
 
 01 
 
 C 
 
 
 oo 6 
 
 02 -03 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -04 "04 "03 ' '02 '02 
 
 01 
 
 O O 
 
 
 ^ 7 
 
 01 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '01 '00 '01 '02 
 
 oo 
 
 OS 
 
 
 W 8 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -03 -02 -02 '-03 '02 '01 
 
 01 
 
 TS g 
 
 
 Q 9 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -02 -01 -04 -03 -01 -01 -02 
 
 01 
 
 <t 
 
 
 * 10 
 
 02 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 10 -07 -05 '04 12 15 '08 
 
 03 
 
 a Js 
 
 
 3 11 
 
 06 -02 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -05 -08 '07 '02 '03 '08 '07 '06 
 
 02 
 
 e6 ^ 
 
 
 1 12 
 
 06 -01 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -01 -03 -05 '06 13 '05 
 
 02 
 
 G O CD ^ 
 
 
 P 13 
 
 02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -02 -03 -04 '07 10 12 
 
 02 
 
 
 
 S3 14 
 
 02 -03 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -04 -03 '05 '06 -07 
 
 01 
 
 cS 5 !- 
 CD a 
 
 
 fe 15 
 
 03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -01 -01 -01 -03 -06 -08 
 
 01 
 
 iy 
 
 
 16 
 
 03 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 -00 "00 "00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -05 -04 -02 -03 -06 -02 
 
 01 
 
 Sfc'S 
 
 
 w 17 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -02 -03 -04 -06 -04 -08 
 
 01 
 
 n3 
 
 
 S 18 
 
 02 -03 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 -00 "00 "00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -02 '03 '05 -04 
 
 01 
 
 l'i 
 
 i 
 
 19 
 
 12 -04 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 "00 '00 "00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -22 -45 -38 -34 -30 '55 "48 -35 -20 
 
 14 
 
 i i * 
 
 
 20 
 
 08 10 -04 -02 -02 -01 '00 -00 '00 "00 "00 "00 "00 "00 "00 -00 -00 '00 18 -04 -08 10 15 -45 
 
 05 
 
 C **" 
 
 
 21 
 
 40 18 -02 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 "00 "00 "00 '00 '00 "00 "00 -00 12 -08 -06 12 -20 15 12 11 
 
 07 
 
 s a> a 
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 ) 
 J 
 
 3 09 
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 13 -08 -02 -04 -00 -00 '00 "00 "00 "00 -00 "00 "00 -00 "00 -00 15 18 -22 -08 14 12 -08 10 
 
 06 
 
 p-2* 
 
 ) 
 
 p:; 23 
 
 04 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 -00 "00 "00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 -05 13 -22 15 10 15 -20 18 
 
 '06 
 
 .g| 
 
 
 24 
 
 12 10 -08 -07 -02 -00 "00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '03 18 -24 -25 17 15 16 10 -05 
 
 07 
 
 o 
 
 
 " 2. r 
 
 04 -02 -02 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 "00 "00 "00 '00 "00 :00 "00 "00 '02 -04 -02 10 13 17 -22 '20 
 
 04 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -04 -02 -03 -08 10 -07 -07 
 
 02 
 
 *5b > 
 
 
 27 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -03 -04 10 15 14 13 10 
 
 OS 
 
 CO -*^> 
 
 "- 1 fl 
 
 
 28 
 
 03 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 10 12 10 13 10 13 
 
 'OE 
 
 CD CD 
 
 
 29 
 
 03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -03 -08 10 13 12 10 
 
 'OS 
 
 t- 
 
 cS 
 
 
 30 
 
 04 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 10 -08 ' 15 -08 -06 
 
 'OS 
 
 Q 
 
 
 31 
 
 03 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 -00 "00 "00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -04 12 10 -07 -06 
 
 02 
 
 jd 
 
 
 Means 
 
 0-04 -02 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 "00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -03 -05 '06 -06 -08 '09 -09 -09 
 
 | 0-03 
 
 1 
 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 35 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Ita 
 
 B 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. l.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m: h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m hm 
 
 .C fl 
 
 til 
 
 si 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.4l' 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p . p . p . p . p . 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 13 12 12 13 11 12 12 12 12 
 
 112 
 
 ESE 
 
 
 2 
 
 14 16 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 20 20 21 15 16 16 16 16 15 
 
 182 
 
 S 
 
 
 3 
 
 16 16 16 16 16 17 18 18 19 21 21 21 20 20 20 20 22 21 24 15 16 16 15 17 
 
 207 
 
 SSW 
 
 
 4 
 
 14 14 13 14 14 14 14 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 18 18 19 13 13 13 13 13 12 
 
 167 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 5 
 
 14 14 14 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 20 20 20 20 20 20 19 14 14 14 14 14 
 
 173 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 3 6 
 
 14 14 13 13 11 12 12 13 13 13 16 13 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 15 12 12 12 12 
 
 157 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 22 7 
 
 15 15 16 16 16 16 17 15 19 19 19 17 17 17 17 18 18 16 16 16 15 15 15 15 
 
 185 
 
 s 
 
 
 J 8 
 
 15 15 15 15 15 15 17 18 17 17 18 19 18 17 18 17 17 19 16 15 15 15 15 15 
 
 184 
 
 s 
 
 
 3 ^ 
 
 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 18 18 18 19 19 18 18 15 16 15 15 15 15 15 
 
 178 
 
 s 
 
 
 E 10 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 13 13 10 11 11 11 10 
 
 141 
 
 s Eby s 
 
 
 3 11 
 
 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 8 8 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 
 
 130 
 
 SE 
 
 
 1 12 
 
 11 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 13 13 12 13 13 13 
 
 143 
 
 s Eby s 
 
 
 8 13 
 
 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 18 20 20 20 18 18 18 19 20 19 19 15 15 15 15 15 14 
 
 191 
 
 sby w 
 
 
 S 14 
 
 15 15 16 18 17 16 17 18 19 25 27 28 6 29 29 30 2 4 5 8 9 10 10 10 
 
 185 
 
 s 
 
 
 15 
 
 9 10 11 15 15 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 21 25 27 29 31 16 17 15 15 16 
 
 200 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 W 16 
 
 8 9 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 16 17 17 17 17 12 18 19 13 9 8 9 10 10 10 
 
 144 
 
 SEby s 
 
 
 W 1^ 
 
 12 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 6 1 16 15 15 14 14 13 12 13 
 
 129 
 
 s Eby E 
 
 
 EH 18 
 
 10 10 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 14 14 14 16 18 26 17 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 
 
 136 
 
 SE 
 
 
 t, 19 
 
 16 16 18 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 18 23 23 23 23 24 22 21 16 16 16 16 17 16 
 
 210 
 
 swby s 
 
 
 20 
 
 16 16 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 20 19 18 18 19 16 16 16 15 15 16 14 
 
 194 
 
 sby w 
 
 
 Jz 21 
 
 14 14 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 19 18 18 18 17 19 16 16 16 16 15 15 16 15 
 
 183 
 
 s 
 
 
 22 
 
 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 19 19 19 20 20 20 18 17 16 16 16 16 16 
 
 196 
 
 sby w 
 
 
 H 23 
 
 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 17 19 20 21 23 22 21 22 20 20 20 17 16 16 16 16 
 
 200 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 o 24 
 
 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 19 19 19 19 19 18 20 20" 16 16 15 16 15 15 
 
 189 
 
 sby w 
 
 
 25 
 
 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 18 19 18 17 17 18 19 20 21 24 1 9 12 11 10 6 4 
 
 181 
 
 s 
 
 
 26 
 
 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 28 24 24 23 23 23 23 23 22 20 13 11 12 13 13 13 
 
 93 
 
 E 
 
 
 27 
 
 15 15 16 15 16 16 16 15 15 14 14 14 14 14 14 16 17 16 13 13 13 13 12 31 
 
 162 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 28 
 
 1 1 1 1 21 20 24 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 29 30 6 8 8 8 8 9 10 10 
 
 318 
 
 N W 
 
 
 29 
 
 11 11 12 13 13 14 15 16 20 21 23 22 21 25 26 23 23 21 28 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 193 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 30 
 
 8 8 10 11 12 11 12 14 15 16 18 19 19 19 18 17 16 20 21 19 11 12 11 10 
 
 153 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hourly ( 
 
 140 144 150 154 160 160 167 171 180 187 193 193 193 199 204 217 205 189 156 154 149 150 149 146 
 
 I ., 
 
 . 
 
 
 Means j 
 
 SE SEbs ssbs SSE ssi SSE sbE sbs s sbw sbw sbw sbw ssw ssw swbs ssw sbw ssi SSE SEbs SEbs SEbs ssbs 
 
 j 170 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 iga 5S (" NW 
 
 0000001 12332133521300001 
 
 31 Obs. N w 
 
 SgllJ 8 ' 
 
 5 6 9 10 12 12 12 12 14 16 17 17 19 19 20 20 22 18 12 10 66 6 5 
 
 305 s w 
 
 
 23 22 19 18 17 17 16 16 14 11 10 11 9 8 6 4 4 9 14 20 24 24 23 23 
 
 362 s E 
 
 Jill [ N E 
 
 2222111 10000101122100011 
 
 22 N E 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 0-00 0-00 0-00 O'OO 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-00 O'OO O'Ol 0'04 0-050-08 0-07 
 
 o-oi 
 
 "S <=> 
 
 2 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -07 16 18 '00 -08 '05 12 14 '07 
 
 04 
 
 c8 o 
 
 3 
 
 13 10 -05 -03 -02 -01 '03 '04 "02 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '03 12 15 11 '02 "08 '06 -07 "08 
 
 05 
 
 a o 
 
 crj- 
 
 4 
 
 02 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 10 12 -08 10 13 11 '08 10 
 
 04 
 
 si 
 
 5 
 
 02 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '03 13 15 10 '08 '00 '00 "00 "00 
 
 02 
 
 | 
 
 co 6 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -01 '06 -03 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -10 -28 -20 18 -10 "03 "08 '05 "03 
 
 05 
 
 
 00 7 
 
 03 '02 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 15 -24 '35 '28 15 -38 '20 10 -08 
 
 05 
 
 o! 3 
 
 rt 8 
 
 08 '06 10 13 15 12 -00 '00 '00 '00 '01 "07 '03 '00 '02 '20 '32 '30 10 "08 -07 15 -20 18 
 
 10 
 
 *c a 
 
 
 25 -20 15 10 -08 -00 '00 '00 '00 .'00 '00 '01 '03 '02 '01 15 12 '07 13 12 17 '27 18 15 
 
 09 
 
 1 j 
 
 o o T* 
 
 10 
 
 15 '02 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -01 '02 -02 '00 '01 '05 '00 "00 
 
 01 
 
 yi 
 
 PH 11 
 
 00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -03 -08 -02 -02 -05 '03 '02 
 
 01 
 
 * <*, a 
 
 4H Ql rj 
 
 f 12 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -02 -03 -05 -03 -35 '68 '82 
 
 08 
 
 o Cg 
 
 Q 13 
 
 09 '07 -02 -03 -04 '01 -01 '00 "05 '04 '04 '01 '04 '03 '04 18 12 15 12 10 12 15 10 '08 
 
 07 
 
 4 3 n 
 
 S 14 
 
 13 -08 -04 -09 '04 '03 '02 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '02 '00 '00 '00 '08 14 12 '03 '00 '00 '03 '02 
 
 04 
 
 
 S 15 
 
 00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 10 15 -10 -08 -03 -09 12 15 15 
 
 04 
 
 8 ^J 
 
 I s 16 
 
 13 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '02 -05 '00 -00 '08 '04 14 15 13 
 
 03 
 
 
 W 17 
 
 10 '07 -02 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 "00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -04 -06 "08 -08 "07 "06 
 
 03 
 
 TJ w 
 
 W 18 
 
 05 '02 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 "00 "00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 '03 '02 '03 "03 -05 12 -08 
 
 02 
 
 S E.S 
 a * - 
 
 ^ 19 
 
 10 -09 '07 -00 -00 -02 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 "00 "00 '00 "02 ''04 '07 '03 '05 10 15 18 12 
 
 04 
 
 w eS fc. 
 IB O S 
 
 S 20 
 
 10 -08 -03 -02 -00 -00 '00 "00 "00 '00 "00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '05 12 15 "48 -52 15 -50 -47 -20 
 
 12 
 
 S oo .S 
 
 21 
 
 03 -03 -02 -00 -00 -00 "00 '01 "00 "00 "02 '00 "00 "00 "00 10 -30 1-02 '62 "48 -52 -65 -50 -25 
 
 19 
 
 o~5 * 
 
 W 22 
 
 10 -08 -03 -02 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 10 13 18 015 12 10 10 -08 -04 -03 
 
 05 
 
 ^g -w 
 
 23 
 
 06 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -01 -03 '08 12 15 10 11 '08 '06 -05 -07 '03 
 
 04 
 
 .8-3 
 
 24 
 
 01 -01 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 T,0 '00 -00 '03 -04 -00 '03 -06 '09 10 12 13 -08 -07 '07 '06 
 
 04 
 
 8 
 
 EN 25 
 
 07 -08 -02 -02 -00 '00 '00 '00 '01 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 "02 "06 -08 '07 "07 "02 -04 -05 15 75 
 
 06 
 
 . . 
 
 26 
 
 15 -03 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -08 "00 "03 -08 13 15 17 
 
 04 
 
 !H 
 CO 4-3 
 
 27 
 
 08 -04 -02 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 "00 12 13 10 "09 15 13 -22 15 "06 
 
 05 
 
 ~ a 
 o s> 
 
 28 
 
 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 .00 -00 -08 -05 -03 
 
 01 
 
 F <D 
 
 29 
 
 03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -05 "02 "00 "00 "02 -08 10 12 "02 "08 10 12 15 
 
 04 
 
 Ms 
 
 30 
 
 08 -03 -02 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 -00 -00 -05 10 "28 18 15 10 15 -24 15 
 
 06 
 
 a 
 
 Means | 0'07 '04 "02 '01 '01 '01 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '01 '01 '00 '01 '06 10 14 11 '09 '09 14 14 14 1 0'05| 
 
36 
 
 MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 ^5 Ei 
 
 S T; 
 
 
 
 hm hm hm h m h m h m 
 
 
 o o 
 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 Ml 6.fl ^1 r Ml Ml MMi 11.4! ,2.41 13.41 14.41 15.4! 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 31.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.4, 
 
 SS 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 10 9 8 8 8 13 15 18 16 14 15 15 16 23 6 6 13 12 25 8 6 8 6 7 
 
 124 
 
 s E by E 
 
 
 2 
 
 14 13 13 13 13 14 22 ,20 20 21 19 19 19 19 18 19 21 23 21 20 12 12 12 12 
 
 192 
 
 sby w 
 
 
 3 
 
 12 12 12 19 18 16 15 15 16 16 17 18 16 16 16 18 20 21 21 13 13 14 14 14 
 
 179 
 
 s 
 
 
 4 
 
 14 15 14 26 23 20 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 24 22 20 16 14 14 14 14 14 14 
 
 184 
 
 s 
 
 
 5 
 
 12 12 12' 12 12 12 19 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 15 15 18 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 158 
 
 S S E 
 
 
 Jo 6 
 
 13 13 13 14 15 15 15 16 18 18 20 20 19 17 19 18 17 17 12 12 12 12 12 11 
 
 172 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 O v . 
 
 co 7 
 
 12 13 12 12 13 15 15 16 16 19 17 16 16 17 18 18 17 20 21 13 13 13 13 13 
 
 172 
 
 sbyE 
 
 
 8 
 
 11 12 12 12 23 22 22 21 19 17 17 17 17 17 19 18 20 13 10 10 11 11 12 12 
 
 157 
 
 S S E 
 
 
 <j 9 
 
 13 13 12 12 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 16 17 17 17 17 17 13 13 13 12 12 12 
 
 158 
 
 S S E 
 
 
 a 10 
 
 12 12 13 13 13 14 16 17 16 16 16 16 16 15 16 14 15 17 13 13 13 13 13 13 
 
 162 
 
 BSE 
 
 
 I n 
 
 * 
 
 12 12 12 13 13 14 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 19 20 16 12 13 13 13 13 
 
 169 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 P 12 
 
 15 15 15 15 14 14 16 16 17 18 17 18 17 17 17 18 20 21 21 20 14 14 14 14 
 
 186 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 fc 13 
 
 15 15 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 17 17 17 20 20 20 20 21 22 24 14 14 14 14 
 
 195 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 C 14 
 
 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 21 20 19 17 20 20 20 22 22 22 14 14 14 14 14 14 
 
 195 
 
 sby w 
 
 
 T 15 
 
 13 13 13 14 15 16 16 16 16 17 14 15 16 13 17 7 12 13 16 20 20 22 22 23 
 
 178 
 
 s 
 
 
 g 16 
 
 24 21 18 18 13 13 14 16 16 17 20 20 20 22 22 17 16 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 183 
 
 s 
 
 
 5 17 
 
 12 12 13 15 15 15 16 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 19 20 20 22 16 10 10 12 12 13 
 
 167 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 fa 18 
 
 10 10 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 22 22 28 22 19 18 17 16 16 15 11 8 
 
 151 
 33 
 
 s E by s 
 
 N E by N 
 
 
 S 
 
 31 4 4 5 5 5 8 8 12 12 30 30 30 28 25 20 18 19 18 17 14 
 
 325 
 
 N w by N 
 
 
 fi 21 
 
 16 17 13 13 13 13 14 16 18 18 17 17 17 17 17 16 16 16 17 16 20 18 14 14 
 
 180 
 
 s 
 
 
 2 22 
 
 14 19 16 16 16 16 17 20 20 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 19 11 12 12 12 13 13 
 
 195 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 g 23 
 
 12 14 15 15 18 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 16 18 18 18 19 20 21 21 21 21 21 12 
 
 194 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 w 24 
 
 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 18 18 18 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 22 23 24 21 23 23 21 
 
 217 
 
 s w by s 
 
 
 25 
 
 19 18 18 20 20 18 18 18 19 19 18 18 18 18 17 18 19 20 20 20 21 22 22 21 
 
 206 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 R 26 
 
 19 17 17 17 16 16 16 17 19 20 18 18 18 18 20 21 21 21 22 23 23 23 23 24 
 
 214 
 
 s w by s 
 
 
 27 
 
 20 18 19 20 23 21 21 21 22 23 23 23 24 25 25 26 26 27 28 29 30 10 11 14 
 
 257 
 
 whys 
 
 
 28 
 
 11 12 12 12 20 21 21 22 24 24 24 23 23 24 25 25 26 27 28 28 28 28 28 28 
 
 258 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 29 
 
 24 24 24 22 20 21 22 22 23 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 24 25 25 24 24 24 24 25 
 
 260 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 30 
 
 21 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 22 24 23 23 23 
 
 246 
 
 w s w 
 
 
 31 
 
 24 25 25 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 
 
 261 
 
 wby a 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Hourly ( 
 Means j 
 
 167 166 160 171 179 181 191 195 201 198 195 198 206 216 226 222 224 220 205 187 180 176 175 169 
 sbE sbB BSE sbi 8 s bw sbw ssw ssw sbw ssw ssw swbs sw sw sw sw ssw sbw s s s sbE 
 
 J192 
 
 sby w 
 
 
 S^-fiS fnw 
 
 323100001110135344454223 
 
 52 
 
 Obs. N TI 
 
 ; 
 
 5 ^c 1 sw 
 
 5 7 7 11 15 16 21 25 25 24 23 24 27 24 23 23 23 21 17 11 9 9 8 5 
 
 403 
 
 s n 
 
 r 
 
 " I S B 
 
 21 20 20 17 14 13 8 4 3 6 7 7 2 3 1 2 3 5 9 14 16 19 19 21 
 
 254 
 
 SI 
 
 
 gill i. NE 
 
 22122222200011231 1112122 
 
 35 
 
 tt N I 
 
 . 
 
 
 lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. Ib. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 "o 
 
 
 1 
 
 0-03 0-00 0-00 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0-00 0-01 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-05 0-02 0-03 110 O'OS 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 O'OO 0-02 O'OO 
 
 0-05 
 
 o 
 
 
 2 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "04 -00 -02 -02 '01 '00 '00 '00 O'OO '03 12 '20 -22 10 '08 -09 12 10 
 
 05 
 
 c3 O 
 
 
 3 
 
 12 -08 -00 -01 -00 -02 '00 '00 '03 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 10 13 15 12 -07 10 13 15 12 
 
 06 
 
 2 
 
 
 4 
 
 15 10 -04 -00 -05 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '03 -05 "06 -07 '08 10 10 '09 10 
 
 04 
 
 " P 
 
 
 5 
 
 10 12 -05 -00 -00 -00 -00 '02 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "02 '08 -09 '08 10 15 -22 18 15 '03 
 
 06 
 
 O) O 
 
 
 6 
 
 00 -00 -02 -00 -02 -00 '00 '02 -06 '04 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '02 -08 11 12 -06 
 
 02 
 
 O - 
 
 
 
 05 -07 -00 '00 -00 -00 '01 "00 -01 '03 '05 "00 '00 '00 -07 10 -08 12 13 '04 "08 10 '09 15 
 
 05 
 
 P3 
 
 
 oo 8 
 
 12 10 -00 -00 -03 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -04 -08 '00 '03 '06 -08 15 18 12 
 
 04 
 
 13 a 
 
 
 9 
 
 13 -08 -06 -04 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '08 13 12 12 11 13 -30 -65 '25 18 
 
 10 
 
 lit 
 
 
 b 10 
 
 08 '07 -06 -06 -05 '04 '05 '02 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '02 -08 12 10 '08 12 13 15 12 
 
 06 
 
 Ml 
 
 
 <1 11 
 d 1A 
 
 15 -08 -00 '02 -00 -00 . '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '02 -01 '06 16 15 14 12 '04 12 13 15 12 
 
 06 
 
 +^> 
 
 
 
 7 12 
 
 13 10 10 '07 -00 -00 -00 '05 -05 '08 '03 -02 '00 '00 '07 13 15 '20 18 15 10 15 -25 -23 
 
 09 
 
 <4-i <D ? 
 
 b 
 
 
 R 13 
 
 15 14 15 -08 -05 -03 '05 '06 "08 '09 '02 -00 '00 '04 10 15 17 18 18 17 '03 -08 12 15 
 
 09 
 
 m " a 
 rS tO C 
 
 
 
 S 14 
 
 05 -06 -08 -08 -00 '03 '01 10 15 10 10 "03 '02 '04 "06 16 '20 '24 15 12 -28 -32 -24 15 
 
 12 
 
 C3 W -r- 
 fl ? C 
 
 
 15 
 
 17 15 -08 10 13 14 15 12 '04 '07 "03 '00 '02 -00 15 13 -35 12 -08 '06 17 -20 -25 18 
 
 12 
 
 2 Q_J: 
 
 
 & 16 
 
 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -06 10 -08 13 
 
 02 
 
 M o^ c 
 
 
 H 17 
 
 09 -02 -00 -03 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 "00 '00 -00 '03 10 12 '03 -02 -01 -01 '04 -05 -0^ 
 
 02 
 
 T3 co 
 
 ' 
 
 W 18 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 00 
 
 S _ 
 
 i 
 
 H 19 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -07 -06 10 -22 12 13 -04 -00 -00 
 
 03 
 
 K^ 
 
 i 
 
 o 20 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -27 '25 -20 '85 T02 -24 -26 1 <5 
 
 13 
 
 g" 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 21 
 
 00 -03 -02 -00 -00 -00 '00 10 13 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '03 10 15 14 0'25 18 -08 11 
 
 '05 
 
 
 1 
 
 W 22 
 
 10 -65 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -02 13 -08 
 
 04 
 
 P- * 
 
 1 
 
 23 
 
 05 12 15 13 17 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '02 -04 "05 12 17 -30 -60 -58 -25 19 -10 
 
 13 
 
 Si 
 
 
 24 
 
 05 -03 -07 -06 -05 '03 15 16 10 '08 '03 "07 '02 -00 -00 '03 18 '25 -30 '28 -27 -26 -S2 -2^ 
 
 13 
 
 go 
 
 
 fa 25 
 
 15 17 10 -55 -32 -24 10 "08 '04 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 -00 "02 '07 12 15 14 -22 -30 18 -19 
 
 IS 
 
 t> 
 
 
 26 
 
 07 -02 -03 -05 -08 '06 '04 -01 '00 "00 '00 '00 "00 '00 -00 -00 '08 -25 "45 -62 -38 -32 -27 ( 
 
 19 
 
 '?fr 
 
 
 27 
 
 03 10 -00 13 17 15 12 15 18 -30 '32 '45 "48 '42 '37 1-35 '85 -55 -30 -54 -35 -20 -15 -12 
 
 A* 
 '32 
 
 51 
 
 
 28 
 
 05 -02 -00 -00 -00 12 10 15 -22 '20 '25 '24 -23 '30 '35 0'4S 1'25 1-37 1'35 1'72 1-58 -95 1-00 -7fl 
 
 
 g 
 
 
 29 
 
 25 10 '08 -00 -00 -02 '05 10 15 18 17 '25 '30 "28 '27 '25 0'42 0'45 0'52 0'48 0'56 1-25 0-62 
 
 Qf 
 
 o Ja 
 
 
 30 
 
 28 -27 '22 15 17 "30 '42 -40 -55 '45 '32 '30 '32 "32 '30 '34 '47 "65 -62 -45 -37 0'36 -SI -9 
 
 Ov 
 Qfi 
 
 "c^" 4 
 
 
 31 
 
 42 "40 -20 '06 '04 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 
 
 ov, 
 
 05 
 
 g 
 
 
 Means 
 
 010 10 -05 -05 -04 -04 '04 '05 '06 -05 "04 '05 '05 '05 10 13 18 19 '20 -23 -25 -23 19 l< 
 
 N on 
 
 1 
 
 
MADRAS, 1856 -METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 37 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 OHttingen 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ]0 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 |k 
 
 al 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.ra. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. li.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h,m. h.m. h.m hm hm 
 
 III 
 
 Ow-, 
 
 II 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 541 0.41 7.41 Ml 8.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 36.41 Hi.41 17.41 18.41 18.41 20.41 21.41 i'2.41 23.11 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 , ** ft 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 parts P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 20 14 14 14 20 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 24 23 21 21 21 24 23 23 23 
 
 251 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 2 
 
 22 22 25 21 20 20 24 24 23 24 24 23 24 23 23 23 24 24 25 23 23 26 28 5 
 
 27G 
 
 w 
 
 
 3 
 
 9 13 13 26 20 20 20 20 22 23 22 20 21 21 24 24 25 25 25 26 26 27 26 26 
 
 -24fi 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 4 
 
 24 7 9 13 14 15 15 16 16 18 18 19 20 19 21 26 24 24 26 27 27 29 5 6 
 
 20S 
 
 ss w 
 
 
 o 5 
 
 9 13 12 12 12 12 20 29 29 17 17 17 17 17 19 20 24 25 26 26 25 27 27 26 
 
 224 
 
 s w 
 
 
 " 6 
 
 25 22 20 20 17 15 15 17 29 29 27 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 24 24 25 21 21 21 
 
 252 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 K f 
 
 21 22 23 20 21 20 19 20 21 23 23 24 23 22 21 22 22 22 22 21 21 21 21 20 
 
 241 
 
 s w by w 
 
 
 fc 8 
 
 21 21 22 22 22 23 23 24 23 24 23 21 20 20 20 20 21 22 23 23 22 23 22 22 
 
 247 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 t 9 
 
 21 21 15 16 21 21 22 22 23 23 21 21 21 21 20 20 21 22 22 22 21 21 22 22 
 
 235 
 
 s w by w 
 
 
 7 10 
 
 20 20 26 28 28 21 21 21 21 22 22 21 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 23 23 26 27 
 
 254 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 i -Q 
 
 21 20 12 13 18 18 17 17 17 23 21 22 22 22 22 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 25 25 
 
 238 
 
 s w by w 
 
 
 12 
 
 26 26 21 21 23 24 23 23 22 22 22 21 21 22 22 23 24 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 
 
 263 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 
 22 23 21 20 18 17 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 2t 22 22 23 24 25 25 27 6 6 8 
 
 225 
 
 s w 
 
 
 ^ 14 
 
 9 12 13 13 16 16 20 20 20 27 26 21 21 21 21 21 22 23 23 23 23 27 27 7 
 
 221 
 
 s w 
 
 
 a 16 
 
 10 4 8 14 16 17 18 16 18 18 18 18 19 1!) 20 22 23 23 23 24 24 25 26 5 
 
 201 
 
 saw 
 
 
 M 16 
 
 9 10 10 13 13 14 14 16 16 17 17 20 22 22 23 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 23 
 
 211 
 
 s w by s 
 
 
 17 
 
 25 23 10 14 15 15 16 18 18 20 20 21 21 2] 21 24 25 25 24 23 24 23 17 12 
 
 223 
 
 s w 
 
 
 fe 18 
 
 12 13 14 15 15 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 18 18 19 24 25 25 26 24 23 27 9 11 
 
 207 
 
 ss w 
 
 
 19 
 
 9 10 10 11 12 14 15 20 20 20 20 21 20 20 20 22 24 24 28 29 28 28 28 29 
 
 226 
 
 s w 
 
 
 fr 20 
 
 25 8 10 11 11 14 15 16 18 20 20 18 18 18 21 21 29 28 22 20 23 23 24 26 
 
 215 
 
 s w by s 
 
 
 21 
 
 27 27 9 9 10 13 13 14 15 16 15 16 19 19 19 17 19 20 23 25 26 26 26 27 
 
 211 
 
 S W by s 
 
 
 E- 22 
 
 6 7 12 12 12 12 12 29 10 9 12 14 14 14 15 15 23 23 25 26 26 25 24 8 
 
 180 
 
 s 
 
 
 C 23 
 
 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 15 16 16 18 19 28 28 26 24 24 25 26 27 28 7 11 
 
 203 
 
 SS W 
 
 
 24 
 
 8 13 12 12 13 13 14 16 15 17 16 16 17 17 18 19 19 21 27 28 29 8 11 11 
 
 183 
 
 s 
 
 
 |T 25 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 '12 14 17 17 24 28 27 28 29 29 29 29 28 28 28 28 12 13 
 
 231 
 
 swby w 
 
 
 3 26 
 
 13 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 18 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 23 22 25 24 28 6 8 3 
 
 196 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 27 
 
 12 12 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 17 17 17 17 17 24 24 24 23 23 23 24 20 13 
 
 201 
 
 ss w 
 
 
 28 
 
 11 11 11 11 12 12 13 14 16 16 16 16 17 17 16 17 20 22 22 22 12 12 12 12 
 
 169 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 29 
 
 13 13 13 13 14 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 18 20 22 22 12 13 13 13 
 
 180 
 
 s 
 
 
 30 
 
 14 14 14 15 16 20 20 23 28 27 26 26 26 26 26 26 25 26 26 25 26 28 12 14 
 
 248 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 
 o ooooooooo ooo oo ooooooooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 Hourly 1 
 
 183 171 162 173 181 186 195 214 219 228 228 227 230 233.238 249 261 265 273 272 270 252 216 184 
 
 \ 221 
 
 
 Means j 
 
 s sbE SSE sbE s sbw sbw swbs sw sw sw sw sw swbw swbw wsw wbs w w w w wsw swbs s 
 
 , fflDJ 
 
 s w 
 
 3~2 !NW 
 
 6 2 2 2 1 2 2 5 4 6 6 4 4 4 6 12 16 17 18 18 19 17 13 8 
 
 194 Obs. N w 
 
 -55 i 
 
 8 9 5 7 13 12 15 20 21 23 22 25 25 25 23 17 14 13 12 12 9 8 7 6 
 
 351 s w 
 
 jip^igw 
 
 15 16 23 21 16 16 13 5 5 1 2 1 1 11 1 2 3 7 11 
 
 161 s E 
 
 dS-sH 1 N E 
 
 ] 30000000000000000000235 
 
 14 N E 
 
 
 lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0-00 0-08 0-35 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0-08 013 0'20 0'23 0'20 0'55 0'50 0'45 0-37 
 
 013 
 
 ll 
 
 2 
 
 13 12 "08 -00 -00 -00 "20 "25 18 17 18 15 10 -00 12 '24 -22 "25 18 '20 17 14 "08 '05 
 
 13 
 
 a o 
 
 3 
 
 03 '05 -00 -08 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 15 -07 -05 -02 -03 -06 15 -22 '25 -26 '20. 17 12 10 '04 
 
 09 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 00 "CO -00 -00 -05 ( -07 10 11 "04 -05 -07 "00 -00 '03 -03 -02 "07 "08 '07 -08 '02 '03 "02 
 
 04 
 
 I 
 
 5 
 
 07 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -05 13 15 14 13 18 '20 -25 12 
 
 06 
 
 a 
 
 '0 6 
 
 08 "02 '04 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '05 '00 '00 '00 14 15 10 17 -25 "24 -23 18 17 17 15 10 
 
 09 
 
 o " 
 
 3 7 
 
 10 17 "08 -06 -08 10 -02 -04 '03 10 13 11 -08 -03 -01 -06 -07 16 -23 15 17 18 16 15 
 
 10 
 
 8*3 
 
 r 8 
 
 12 16 12 14 -00 -02 -05 -03 12 14 10 '00 '00 "00 "04 '08 16 '20 '28 '25 '22 '60 '46 '25 
 
 15 
 
 c 
 
 
 15 -07 '08 -07 10 10 12 -08 '09 12 -00 '00 -00 -00 -08 13 14 16 15 13 12 10 "20 -22 
 
 10 
 
 a O 'c 
 
 5 ib 
 
 10 12 15 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 "06 '04 '03 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 15 18 '20 18 15 12 "08 "00 
 
 07 
 
 O.-" a 
 
 ^ 11 
 
 04 "06 -02 '03 -02 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 "00 13 15 "30 "45 -62 "47 "35 '30 "20 
 
 13 
 
 ill 
 
 1 12 
 
 06 '40 -00 -00 13 12 '09 '08 '06 '05 10 '04 "00 '00 '00 '08 15 18 '25 15 '20 15 13 12 
 
 11 
 
 3 " 
 
 ? 13 
 
 08 "05 -08 15 -00 -00 '00 -08 14 16 -07 '00 -02 -05 -04 15 -20 '23 '25 17 15 '08 13 '08 
 
 10 
 
 aj en J2 
 
 a H 
 
 03 -00 -06 -02 -08 '02 '03 10 "00 '00 "00 -00 -08 10 11 12 14 13 16 12 10 15 13 '08 
 
 07 
 
 ** * 
 
 pr 15 
 
 00 -05 '02 '04 10 12 '08 '02 13 14 12 10 -00 '00 "00 12 '20 '23 '25 "22 "23 17 15 '08 
 
 11 
 
 
 16 
 
 05 "03 -02 '08 -09 10 11 '08 '04 '02 '05 "03 -04 -05 -03 -06 11 -55 -34 '25 18 '22 "25 -32 
 
 13 
 
 aj f-> , 4< 
 
 ffi 17 
 
 08 '07 "03 -02 11 10 -09 -06 '03 '04 "00 '00 -00 -00 -00 13 14 15 18 '20 17 15 12 12 
 
 08 
 
 ^ 1 a 
 
 E- 18 
 
 12 -08 -05 12 10 15 17 12 '03 '08 -07 '03 -00 -00 -00 15 10 13 14 10 13 14 10 12 
 
 09 
 
 i J'- 5 
 
 -^ 19 
 
 08 '09 -02 -01 -01 '04 '06 12 10 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '05 12 14 13 12 '09 '07 '08 -04 
 
 06 
 
 m g 
 
 C 20 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 17 '22 "25 -02 -00 -00 -00 "00 "03 -00 '00 '00 '06 12 -05 -02 
 
 04 
 
 38'" 
 
 W 21 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -CO -00 -00 '00 '02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -04 12 10 15 16 12 '08 
 
 03 
 
 00 
 
 O 22 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 12 13 13 12 11 10 
 
 03 
 
 Q.C - 13 
 
 55 23 
 
 09 '08 -05 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 "03 '00 -07 "08 -03 -00 '00 '00 10 13 12 12 11 10 10 -09 
 
 05 
 
 
 
 g 24 
 
 05 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -03 '04 '07 10 '08 '06 -03 '06 
 
 02 
 
 rt o 
 
 25 
 
 05 -03 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '04 '08 15 12 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '05 -08 12 10 "05 '08 
 
 04 
 
 .t '^ 
 
 26 
 
 07 '09 -03 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '02 '00 '00 '00 '05 '00 '02 10 "07 13 '08 11 '04 '03 '08 
 
 04 
 
 rfi ^ 
 
 27 
 
 03 '01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -06 14 15 16 12 10 '08 "09 '07 
 
 04 
 
 
 28 
 
 10 -04 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 10 "05 "00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '03 -07 10 13 10 "08 13 16 12 
 
 05 
 
 S c 
 
 29 
 
 13 10 10 -08 -06 -07 12 10 15 14 12 '08 '03 "06 '05 15 13 '09 10 10 12 15 18 19 
 
 11 
 
 *^ 
 
 30 
 
 12 10 -09 -08 -09 -08 "02 '02 10 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 13 14 17 '20 16 15 13 10 12 
 
 08 
 
 
 Means 0'07 '07 '04 '04 '04 '05 "04 '04 "06 '06 '05 '03 -02 "02 '02 '08 12 16 18 16 16 16 15 12 0'08 
 
 10 
 
38 
 
 MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Ifg 
 
 3-J 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m. hm h m. h m. h m h.m h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m: h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 
 
 il 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.4l' 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 li.il 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 S2 
 
 R 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. P. P- P- P- 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 15 17 14 13 13 14 16 6 14 14 17 18 20 22 15 15 15 15 16 16 18 18 18 20 
 
 178 
 
 S 
 
 
 2 
 
 10 16 17 12 18 16 16 16 16 16 22 23 22 24 24 24 24 24 26 26 26 27 28 28 
 
 235 
 
 s w by T\ 
 
 
 3 
 
 26- 12 13 13 13 14 17 17 17 18 20 20 20 20 21 20 20 23 24 24 24 24 26 23 
 
 220 
 
 S TV 
 
 
 4 
 
 25 9 11 12 13 16 16 19 20 19 22 20 19 16 16 16 18 19 20 20 16 12 11 12 
 
 186 
 
 s by TT' 
 
 
 5 
 
 12 13 12 14 19 16 19 21 20 20 19 18 16 16 16 20 20 16 20. 16 13 13 12 12 
 
 184 
 
 s 
 
 
 8 6 
 
 12 12 12 13 13 14 15 18 19 24 24 25 26 28 28 18 12 8 8 ' 8 9 11 12 12 
 
 179 
 
 s 
 
 
 S 7 
 
 9 11 11 11 12 16 17 18 20 20 21 22 22 21 21 20 20 21 2(5 27 25 21 20 19 
 
 211 
 
 s w by s 
 
 
 
 ]7 12 2 10 15 16 17 18 18 19 19 19 17 17 17 18 22 24 26 25 26 12 22 
 
 206 
 
 s s TV 
 
 
 iJ 9 
 
 24 26 13 20 20 21 21 20 21 24 24 24 24 25 24 24 25 26 28 28 28 7 8 8 
 
 240 
 
 s TV by TV 
 
 
 t> 10 
 
 11 13 12 14 15 15 15 14 16 20 21 19 19 20 20 20 22 24 26 26 26 30 30 10 
 
 215 
 
 s TV by s 
 
 
 "9 11 
 1 11 
 
 6 6 9 12 20 17 19 20 19 18 18 18 18 19 20 21 23 24 27 27 27 28 20 20 
 
 214 
 
 s TV by s 
 
 
 a 12 
 
 31 3 13 16 16 18 22 23 25 25 24 22 23 21 20 19 20 24 24 23 23 23 23 23 
 
 236 
 
 s w by w 
 
 
 Sq 13 
 
 23 22 10 11 17 15 16 20 21 21 22 20 20 20 17 20 20 20 20 20 20 22 21 21 
 
 215 
 
 s TV by s 
 
 
 S 14 
 
 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 18 18 21 20 20 20 20 20 19 20 22 22 22 22 22 22 
 
 227 
 
 S TV 
 
 
 ^ 15 
 
 25 21 20 14 14 14 14 18 15 16 18 21 21 21 20 20 21 21 22 22 21 21 22 22 
 
 217 
 
 s w by s 
 
 
 H 16 
 
 20 29 4 11 11 12 19 16 15 15 15 17 18 19 18 19 20 21 21 21 20 22 20 20 
 
 199 
 
 S 8 TT 
 
 
 S 17 
 
 24 4 11 14 13 13 13 15 17 18 18 18 19 20 21 22 22 22 21 21 22 20 11 10 
 
 191 
 
 s by TV 
 
 
 18 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 16 16 16 17 18 17 18 18 20 24 24 23 24 23 20 12 12 
 
 193 
 
 s by TV 
 
 
 5 19 
 
 12 13 13 14 16 16 15 16 18 18 19 21 22 24 24 24 24 24 22 22 22 22 22 21 
 
 217 
 
 s TV by s 
 
 
 20 
 
 23 14 14 16 16 17 17 18 18 20 2) 24 24 24 23 23 24 23 22 23 22 22 20 19 
 
 228 
 
 s \V 
 
 
 fc 21 
 
 16 16 17 16 18 18 20 20 21 21 21 21 21 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 20 20 19 
 
 219 
 
 S TV 
 
 
 2 22 
 
 19 19 18 17 19 21 21 22 22 22 22 24 23 22 20 20 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 
 
 241 
 
 s TV by TV 
 
 
 H 23 
 
 23 24 24 23 23 23 22 23 23 23 24 24 23 23 23 25 24 24 24 23 22 21 21 21 
 
 259 
 
 TV by s 
 
 
 24 
 
 21 21 20 13 14 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 23 23 24 23 24 24 24 24 24 24 23 22 
 
 253 
 
 TV S TV 
 
 
 P3 25 
 
 22 20 13 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 21 24 22 23 22 21 23 23 24 24 23 22 22 21 
 
 227 
 
 S TT' 
 
 
 3 26 
 
 18 17 17 14 15 15 15 20 17 16 17 18 18 17 17 .18 21 21 21 23 23 23 22 21 
 
 208 
 
 s TV by s 
 
 
 27 
 
 23 23 23 23 21 20 23 24 23 24 23 21 21 21 20 20 21 21 21 23 20 20 12 12 
 
 236 
 
 s TV by w 
 
 
 28 
 
 12 13 13 26 3 9 17 20 22 25 25' 25 24 22 18 19 22 22 23 21 20 20 12 11 
 
 208 
 
 s TT' by s 
 
 
 29 
 
 14 17 16 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 22 22 22 23 24 22 22 20 18 
 
 220 
 
 s TV 
 
 
 30 
 
 16 13 13 16 16 24 23 20 20 19 19 19 19 18 18 18 20 21 20 21 21 20 19 18 
 
 211 
 
 s w by s 
 
 
 . 31 
 
 19 20 23 22 22 19 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 21 21 21 20 20 20 20 
 
 218 
 
 s TV by s 
 
 
 
 QOOOOOOOOOO OOO OOOOOOO OOO 
 
 o 
 
 
 Hourly ( 
 
 204 178 160 172 178 189 201 209 214 221 230 234 232 233 226 228 237 241 250 250 244 229 219 204 
 
 ( 01 a 
 
 
 Means ) 
 
 ssw s SSE sbE s sbw ssw swbs swbs sw sw swbw swbw swbw sw sw swbw swbw wsw wsw wsw sw swbs ssw 
 
 j 215 
 
 s TT' by s 
 
 S.g r NW 
 
 6 3 110212266845547 10 11 11 85 31 
 
 112 Obs. s TV- 
 
 ! ?-o & | gw 
 
 14 13 10 11 16 17 23 26 26 23 24 23 27 26 25 26 22 19 19 19 21 21 19 21 
 
 491 s w 
 
 " B'| J"i S E 
 
 10 12 18 19 14 12 72321 000 1 I 22 1 12489 
 
 131 s E 
 
 jlsi NK 
 
 1 32010010000000000000110 
 
 10 .. N i; 
 
 S5 > *j o> 
 
 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 0-07 0-05 0-06 0-01 0'02 0"09 0'08 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0'06 015 018 017 018 016 012 010 0'06 
 
 =3 o 
 
 2 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -05 18 14 13 10 -06 -00 '00 '03 
 
 S o 
 
 8 
 
 00 '05 -02 -03 -02 '01 11 10 '08 '04 '05 '03 '01 '03 '02 '01 '05 10 11 12 14 15 10 '05 
 
 06 
 
 3 ^ 
 
 4 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -05 13 14 12 "03 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '02 -05 -03 '00 -03 '06 12 
 
 03 
 
 if t 
 
 5 
 
 10 12 '09 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -04 -06 '00 "02 '08 10 
 
 03 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 08 -05 -00 -00 -00 '03 "01 16 10 14 12 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 -00 -00 -05 -08 -07 10 "08 
 
 04 
 
 
 2? 7 
 
 10 -09 -00 -00 -00 -05 '08 -07 '03 '05 -04 -06 13 15 16 13 15 10 12 14 11 13 12 12 
 
 09 
 
 o ^ 
 
 S 8 
 
 02 10 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 14 10 -00 -06 '08 14 15 '08 '06 "05 '07 '02 
 
 04 
 
 "3 - 1 
 
 !* 9 
 
 00 -00 -00 '06 -05 -02 '00 -00 '00 '00 "06 '07 10 11 -00 -03 10 13 17 15 16 -08 "04 "02 
 
 06 
 
 ~ " 
 
 10 
 
 02 -05 -01 '03 '08 -04 "07 '00 "00 '00 -02 "01 "00 -00 -00 10 12 15 11 13 -08 -07 -05 -02 i -0^ 
 
 
 
 3 11 
 
 02 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 "GO -02 '03 '05 -00 "00 "00 -00 '03 10 13 15 18 13 12 -09 13 -02 
 
 05 
 
 03 w - 
 
 7 12 
 
 03 -00 -00 -06 -00 -00 10 14 '48 '03 '05 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 "03 14 "20 "23 -24 17 15 13 
 
 09 
 
 ^ ^ *3 
 
 
 02 -00 'GO '00 -00 10 -00 -00 '00 -02 '08 '00 "00 '00 "00 -08 13 15 17 '24 '38 45 -27 -22 
 
 10 
 
 3 in 
 
 'fi w c 
 
 g 14 
 
 15 17 10 -03 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -03 "05 "06 14 12 13 10 13 12 
 
 06 
 
 ~2 CO .M 
 g g 0) 
 
 M 15 
 
 06 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -03 '00 '00 "00 "03 '00 -00 '00 -04 12 14 15 17 16 13 10 '09 
 
 05 
 
 o 
 
 . 16 
 
 03 -02 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 -08 "00 '00 -00 '03 -00 -00 -00 -00 '03 10 12 14 15 17 11 12 
 
 OS 
 
 O r ""^ 
 o f-< .J , 
 
 W 17 
 
 03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 11 16 18 15 17 17 18 10 13 
 
 06 
 
 H3 ^ O 
 H3 2 8 
 
 18 
 
 06 -07 -07 '05 '08 '06 10 '09 "08 11 10 10 '05 -00 '00 -06 14 16 17 15 17 12 10 12 
 
 09 
 
 
 H 19 
 
 09 10 '06 13 12 '08 15 12 '06 '05 -00 "02 "05 -07 "04 10 14 17 -22 -28 -35 -30 -32 18 
 
 IE 
 
 
 fe 20 
 
 16 -00 -00 -05 12 18 15 "08 '00 '00 '00 10 14 13 15 "03 '04 '08 12 16 14 15 13 -]2 
 
 09 
 
 iP 
 
 O 21 
 
 10 13 -08 -07 13 '02 "04 '06 '06 11 15 14 10 -00 -00 '00 '02 '07 16 -24 -30 -03 -og -20 
 
 11 
 
 3 -2 S 
 
 W 22 
 
 16 18 12 10 '08 '01 -01 -03 "08 "26 "22 13 "00 "00 -00 12 "25 '60 1'35 110 -98 -35 -38 -34 
 
 2 
 
 A C " 
 
 g 23 
 
 28 -20 -08 75 '08 12 14 15 -24 17 "22 10 10 "08 16 "24 -47 210 1'55 0'80 -35 -25 -32 -20 
 
 38 
 
 S'S 
 
 24 
 
 12 11 -00 -00 -00 10 '06 "08 "00 "00 '00 '00 "00 '00 "08 11 15 017 016 15 13 12 15 14 
 
 
 go 
 
 fe 25 
 
 13 -08 -02 -01 -05 '07 10 -07 '02 '00 "08 10 "08 -09 -05 -08 16 18 15 14 16 12 13 15 
 
 QC 
 
 
 26 
 
 12 13 -08 -03 13 14 "20 '05 '03 '00 "00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '08 12 10 16 "20 17 15 16 
 
 (1C 
 
 'Scfc 5 
 
 27 
 
 13 15 -00 '00 -00 '00 -03 10 '04 '00 '00 '02 "00 '00 "00 '08 10 "20 18 19 12 14 10 13 
 
 
 .2 S 
 
 28 
 
 15 13 18 -58 10 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 .03 15 14 16 18 17 -03 -06 
 
 Qt- 
 
 
 O V 
 
 29 
 
 08 -05 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 '00 "00 "00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 13 15 14 16 14 I"? -08 
 
 Qf 
 
 t~ ^ 
 
 30 
 
 00 -03 -00 -00 -00 '90 "08 '07 -05 '00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '08 13 15 18 17 16 14 12 
 
 QC 
 
 <H E" 1 
 
 0} 
 
 31 
 
 08 -00 -70 -00 -00 '02 '00 '00 *00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 -00 13 15 18 17 13 10 
 
 o 1 ; 
 
 
 Means 0'08 '07 "05 -06 '03 '07 '05 '05 '05 '04 -04 '03 "03 "02 -02 "05 10 '20 '22 '20 19 15 14 H 0'09| 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 39 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingeii 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 oi? 
 
 cC, - 
 
 c 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. b.m. h.m. h.m. li.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m, h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 
 l| 
 
 'Zy 
 
 11 
 
 ?, 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.11 21.41 2241 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 QS a 
 
 Q 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 i i 
 
 18 9 14 16 24 13 13 14 20 20 21 21 21 22 23 21 20 21 20 20 20 20 22 22 
 
 213 
 
 s why s 
 
 2 
 
 26 25 16 14 17 18 20 20 22 23 25 28 26 23 25 25 26 26 26 27 28 26 26 27 
 
 265 
 
 w 
 
 3 
 
 23 11 11 13 13 13 16 18 20 24 24 24 22 22 23 22 22 23 24 23 24 24 24 23 
 
 228 
 
 sw 
 
 8 4 
 
 24 13 14 14 15 15 18 22 20 23 25 21 21 21 21 23 25 26 26 26 26 26 23 13 
 
 235 
 
 s w by w 
 
 2 5 
 
 12 16 13 14 14 14 16 19 19 26 24 24 28 2 3 3 3 23 26 24 23 22 12 12 
 
 184 
 
 s 
 
 LH 6 
 
 12 13 13 12 12 13 14 18 20 23 20 21 21 22 24 28 31 1 29 28 6 10 11 
 
 218 
 
 s w by s 
 
 03 7 
 
 12 11 12 13 13 13 16 16 18 18 18 17 21 21 22 26 28 30 29 29 31 
 
 222 
 
 s w 
 
 ^ 8 
 
 10 12 12 12 13 16 16 16 17 19 23 24 24 24 22 23 23 24 23 24 12 11 12 11 
 
 198 
 
 ssw 
 
 & Q 
 
 tD y 
 
 10 10 12 14 16 20 17 19 18 21 21 22 21 22 22 20 21 21 24 25 13 13 12 11 
 
 199 
 
 ssw 
 
 3 10 
 
 12 12 13 14 20 20 16 16 16 16 16 24 24 24 20 21 20 21 22 20 12 11 12 14 
 
 195 
 
 sby w 
 
 1 11 
 
 11 12 12 12 13 14 15 15 17 17 18 21 21 21 21 24 23 24 26 27 11 21 22 21 
 
 206 
 
 ssw 
 
 Q 12 
 
 6 11 11 11 11 13 15 15 14 15 16 16 16 20 21 22 23 26 25 25 18 12 12 13 
 
 181 
 
 s 
 
 2 13 
 
 12 13 14 14 14 21 21 16 14 14 17 20 19 15 15 18 21 22 27 28 5 
 
 193 
 
 sby W 
 
 > H 
 
 Hi 16 19 16 20 20 21 21 22 21 21 22 21 20 17 17 19 20 20 20 21 23 21 19 
 
 222 
 
 s w 
 
 15 
 
 14 13 13 12 13 14 27 27 18 17 15 18 19 20 20 20 21 23 24 24 24 24 28 30 
 
 224 
 
 sw 
 
 S 16 
 
 30 1 1 1 1 11 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 19 20 18 17 17 17 17 
 
 120 
 
 s E by i: 
 
 3 17 
 
 18 18 20 22 21 21 21 20 24 23 19 19 22 22 22 22 22 20 21 21 23 24 25 24 
 
 241 
 
 s w by w| 
 
 18 
 
 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 26 26 30 31 26 23 21 20 20 21 22 24 " 23 23 27 27 28 
 
 285 
 
 why K 
 
 19 
 
 :!(] 31 31 18 18 18 20 26 26 26 25 24 24 23 23 24 25 25 26 26 26 26 26 27 
 
 278 
 
 w by N 
 
 20 
 
 22 22 22 21 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 '24 25 26 26 23 21 20 20 
 
 241 
 
 s w by w 
 
 21 
 
 15 18 16 16 18 18 17 18 19 20 20 21 20 20 20 23 26 27 26 27 28 28 28 28 
 
 242 
 
 wsw 
 
 a 02 
 
 12 11 11 11 12 13 14 14 14 18 24 28 28 28 28 24 24 23 22 19 11 11 11 11 
 
 198 
 
 ssw 
 
 g 23 
 
 10 10 10 21 20 20 18 18 20 21 21 21 25 26 26 27 28 30 16 11 12 12 12 
 
 219 
 
 s why s 
 
 24 
 
 29 5 5 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 22 22 24 23 26 24 24 28 29 7 
 
 296 
 
 W >i W 
 
 S3 25 
 
 7 9 9 9 9 9 9 17 18 19 19 20 22 23 25 26 24 23 24 25 26 26 28 6 
 
 202 
 
 ssw 
 
 26 
 
 7 4 6 5 31 17 7 28 27 27 31 31 31 14 16 15 16 16 16 14 13 13 13 
 
 214 
 
 s whys 
 
 27 
 
 15 16 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 20 21 23 26 8 8 
 
 180 
 
 s 
 
 28 
 
 10 11 12 14 14 18 14 14 17 18 20 22 22 21 21 21 20 20 20 20 18 18 15 13 
 
 194 
 
 sby w 
 
 29 
 
 13 14 16 16 24 20 19 21 21 21 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 23 23 22 22 23 23 
 
 226 
 
 sw . 
 
 30 
 
 21 21 21 21 21 21 20 21 21 22 23 23 22 22 21 21 21 21 22 22 21 21 20 18 
 
 238 
 
 s w by w; 
 
 31 
 
 17 17 17 17 17 18 20 21 22 22 22 23 23 21 22 21 22 22 22 22 22 22 21 21 
 
 232s w by w! 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 
 
 
 Hourly C 
 
 171 144 147 166 201 199 212 221 226 230 238 246 248 250 242 249 258 260 270 261 228 225 217 195 
 
 j 221 
 
 K W 
 
 Means 
 
 sbE sKbs sEbs sbE ssw ssw swbs sw sw sw swbw wsw wsw wsw wsw wsw wbs wbs w wbs sw sw swbs sbw 
 
 
 
 ll rj r- tH f 
 
 SJ.S--2 I N W 
 
 6 4 2 2 5 2 3 5 5 6 9 10 9 5 5 8 11 10 16 16 10 11 9 6 
 
 175 Obs. N w 
 
 l!itJ' 
 
 6 8 8 10 11 16 18 19 21 21 20 20 21 23 23 22 18 20 13 15 13 10 99 
 
 374 8 w 
 
 o i * 7 i s r 
 
 15 17 18 17 14 12 8 6 4 4 2 1 11201 00077 11 12 
 
 160 ., BE 
 
 |flllj2 
 
 42321121100002111 1201102 
 
 29 > E 
 
 
 Ib. 11). Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. lb. lb. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 lb. 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 0-03 0-00 0-00 0-08 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-02 0-00 0-00 0-03 0-02 013 015 012 012 010 Oil 010 
 
 0-04 
 
 ** (C 
 
 2 S 
 
 2 
 
 06 -00 -00 -00 -04 -12 '10 '03 "05 '09 "10 "03 "00 "00 "00 "09 -15 -14 '12 '11 -13 '14 '10 "08 
 
 07 
 
 a o 
 
 3 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -00 -01 -00 -00 -08 -09 -00 '00 '00 '05 '10 '25 '35 "33 '30 -28 "24 '18 '10 
 
 10 
 
 3 P 
 g-B 
 
 4 
 
 00 -03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '06 '07 '12 "08 "00 '00 '00 '03 "13 -17 '24 -20 -18 '17 "13 "10 
 
 07 
 
 30 " 
 
 D O 
 
 5 
 
 05 '04 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -03 '04 -00 'Ou '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 "00 "00 "03 '12 -15 -12 '10 '09 
 
 03 
 
 = 
 
 "5 ,. 
 
 oo 
 
 04 -03 -00 -02 -00 -00 '00 ()! -01 -02 -03 -10 '13 -10 "02 "03 -05 -13 '15 '12 -14 "08 "06 "00 
 
 ' -05 
 
 O 
 
 7 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -01 -03 '09 "05 '08 '03 "00 '00 '04 '15 "14 "13 "12 '08 '11 
 
 05 
 
 ^ 
 
 8 
 
 08 .01 -00 -00 -02 -02 '00 '00 '08 "02 -00 '00 '00 '00 '07 '17 '16 -18 '16 -13 -06 -08 "12 "10 
 
 06 
 
 ^ 
 
 9 
 
 05 -00 -00 -00 -03 -02 '01 -00 "00 -00 "00 '00 '00 '00 "00 "06 -13 '14 -15 "10 -10 -12 "13 '12 
 
 05 
 
 1 og 
 
 O 10 
 
 05 -05 -00 -02 -01 -00 '00 "00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 "10 "12 13 '12 -10 -10 "11 '09 "10 
 
 05 
 
 5j| 
 
 P 11 
 
 04 -03 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 "06 '02 '01 -07 '00 '00 '"00 '12 -14 -15 '18 -13 -10 -10 "09 "05 
 
 05 
 
 00 3 
 
 **H O f+ 
 
 f 12 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 -12 -14 "13 -12 '10 "00 "11 '13 
 
 04 
 
 9 C 4 
 
 3 cc 
 
 A 13 
 
 08 -09 -09 -00 -00 '07 '00 "00 "00 -00 '00 -00 "00 -00 "00 "10 '13 '14 '15 -13 '02 
 
 05 
 
 J2 a 
 
 58 CQ tf * 
 
 g 14 
 
 02 -00 -01 -02 -10 '08 -11 -05 '06 '04 '02 '02 -00 '00 '01 '03 "11 '10 '13 "12 '15 -12 11 "08 
 
 06 
 
 s S 
 
 1 15 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 '06 -08 -00 "00 "00 "00 "00 "00 -00 -00 -02 13 17 '22 '25 "27 "25 18 15 10 
 
 08 
 
 5 o.- 
 
 16 
 
 03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 'UO -00 -00 -00 12 10 12 10 11 '04 '00 '08 11 14 13 12 12 11 
 
 06 
 
 Is* 
 
 K 17 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 '01 -02 -05 '20 '25 '00 '00 "00 '09 -08 "03 "00 "00 "04 '05 '02 -02 -09 -03 '01 
 
 04 
 
 "2 m * 
 
 W 18 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -28 "02 '02 -08 '09 '01 '08 10 12 16 10 -09 -09 12 10 
 
 06 
 
 3 a-g 
 
 ^ 19 
 
 00 -00 -01 -01 -00 -00 -01 '03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 10 15 14 13 12 '08 
 
 03 
 
 M"S 
 a 0.5 
 
 ^ 20 
 
 00 -00 -00 10 12 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "04 10 13 14 13 12 12 13 
 
 05 
 
 S ?! o 
 
 21 
 
 02 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 10 '06 '04 '09 '08 "02 '00 '00 10 13 "20 14 13 12 13 12 '00 
 
 06 
 
 Z5 O H 
 -1 -^ ~* 
 
 So*" 
 
 H 22 
 
 00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -02 11 '08 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -00 -00 -02 "05 '06 '09 
 
 02 
 
 || 
 
 oi 23 
 
 10 -03 -00 '02 -00 "06 "00 '00 '00 '00 '02 '00 '03 -00 -03 -10 15 12 10 '00 -00 "00 "00 '00 
 
 03 
 
 
 24 
 
 08 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "08 14 10 12 10 '08 "02 "00 
 
 03 
 
 11 
 
 P* 25 
 
 00 -00 -00 -no -00 '00 '00 -02 '00 '00 '09 '14 11 12 11 13 -09 12 15 13 10 11 '07 "05 
 
 06 
 
 t> 
 
 M""* ^_ 
 
 26 
 
 00 -02 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -02 10 12 "08 '00 "00 -00 "00 '00 '00 
 
 01 
 
 M 
 
 F. -*3 
 
 27 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 00 
 
 '*" fl 
 
 d> 
 
 28 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 O Q 
 
 29 
 
 00 -02 -05 -01 "00 -00 -00 "00 "00 "00 '01 10 10 -02 11 13 14 17 "24 -28 "27 "28 -25 '24 
 
 10 
 
 g 
 
 30 
 
 13 15 11 12 12 -10 -00 -00 -00 '08 '00 t)l '01 '00 "00 '02 "06 '09 12 14 15 14 11 10 
 
 07 
 
 o 
 
 31 
 
 12 10 10 12 13 ( -09 16 "20 13 12 10 12 10 15 13 15 14 13 '21 '23 -20 15 13 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 Moans Q'03 "02 "01 '02 '02 '02 "01 '02 '03 '03 "03 '03 "03 "02 "03 '07 '09 -12 "13 -12 '11 '11 10 '08 1 0'05| 
 
40 
 
 MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 -.bo. 
 
 9ifi a 
 
 - o 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 6.4i C.41 7.41 8.41 .41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 S3.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 8.41 
 
 a* 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. ]>. p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 19 18 18 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 22 22 21 21 21 21 22 22 23 24 24 24 24 24 
 
 239 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 o 
 
 25 24 24 22 22 21 21 22 22 22 22 21 22 22 22 22 22 22 21 21 21 23 22 23 
 
 249 
 
 w s w 
 
 
 9 
 
 25 25 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 22 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 26 26 
 
 267 
 
 w 
 
 
 o 4 
 
 27 28 26 25 25 25 26 26 21 19 18 18 18 18 18 21 24 24 26 25 31 7 7 10 
 
 24li 
 
 s w by w 
 
 
 ~H 5 
 
 8 9 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 13 16 16 15 15 15 18 20 23 25 24 24 27 3 7 
 
 1G9 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 03 6 
 
 15 15 14 13 13 13 13 17 18 19 19 20 20 21 23 26 28 28 29 28 8 9 9 10 
 
 201 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 w 7 
 
 9 10 10 11 12 12 12 12 13 14 16 19 19 18 18 20 22 26 26 27 26 6 9 9 
 
 176 
 
 s 
 
 
 05 K 
 
 9 9 9 7 8 8 10 12 13 14 14 14 15 20 21 24 26 26 28 30 29 29 8 12 
 
 185 
 
 s 
 
 
 I 9 
 
 11 12 13 14 16 18 18 17 17 17 18 19 19 20 20 23 23 24 24 24 23 24 24 24 
 
 217 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 H 10 
 
 22 11 5 12 14 15 14 14 14 17 19 19 22 23 22 22 24 24 23 24 23 24 22 23 
 
 212 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 O-i 11 
 
 24 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 20 21 21 22 22 22 22 25 23 24 25 27 26 26 24 26 
 
 269 
 
 w 
 
 
 3 19 
 
 cc 
 
 1 31 31 31 31 31 30 31 24 25 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 28 27 27 27 25 
 
 315 
 
 i\ W 
 
 
 1 13 
 
 23 22 26 26 25 24 24 22 30 26 18 19 26 25 22 21 21 22 24 24 24 26 23 
 
 270 
 
 w 
 
 
 P 14 
 
 24 23 7 8 8 8 11 12 17 16 16 18 18 18 17 18 18 19 18 18 19 12 11 11 
 
 171 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 3 15 
 
 11 11 11 11 11 12 14 15 15 15 17 17 18 19 25 26 25 23 26 26 28 26 24 22 
 
 210 
 
 SW by s 
 
 
 te 16 
 
 20 9 10 10 10 10 11 18 18 19 18 18 18 18 20 25 26 27 28 28 26 27 28 9 
 
 211 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 "* 17 
 
 9 9 9 9 9 9 . 9 12 16 16 15 16 17 17 20 22 26 25 25 25 24 22 27 7 
 
 185 
 
 s 
 
 
 W 18 
 
 8 8 9 12 13 14 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 19 20 22 24 .26 27 27 28 28 8 7 
 
 195 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 19 
 
 9 10 11 11 12 13 15 16 15 19 22 21 19 17 19 20 23 27 27 27 28 30 26 6 
 
 208 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 20 
 
 7 8 10 11 12 12 12 12 13 15 18 19 19 23 25 27 26 26 29 28 7899 
 
 180 
 
 s 
 
 
 21 
 
 8 8 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 11 11 11 16 21 21 20 21 23 26 29 9 9 10 11 
 
 135 
 
 S E 
 
 
 22 
 
 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 21 12 22 17 
 
 182 
 
 S 
 
 
 23 
 
 14 13 13 13 13 17 18 20 20 18 18 23 23 20 21 19 19 23 23 3 7 8 9 10 
 
 180 
 
 S 
 
 
 2 24 
 
 10 10 10 10 11 15 17 16 16 21 20 20 18 17 12 15 24 26 27 28 28 28 27 1 
 
 215 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 o 25 
 
 17 8 8 8 8 8 8888888 8 10 10 11 10 9 9 9 11 12 13 
 
 101 
 
 E by s 
 
 
 H 26 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 24 20 22 22 21 20 19 20 20 20 21 22 21 21 20 19 13 12 12 
 
 201 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 S 27 
 
 12 12 28 30 7 13 13 13 14 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 17 22 22 9 15 15 10 
 
 189 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 3 28 
 
 9 12 12 12 15 15 14 14 14 20 22 22 23 23 25 23 28 21 21 23 24 26 28 28 
 
 222 
 
 s w 
 
 
 29 
 
 28 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 19 20 21 22 20 18 18 19 19 19 19 
 
 199 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 30 
 
 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 24 26 26 26 26 26 22 22 23 25 25 30 4 6 8 
 
 197 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 Hourly { 
 
 160 150 150 142 150 162 178 185 190 205 207 211 214 223 230 240 255 259 268 292 243 215 196 165 
 
 1 f>A A 
 
 
 Means ( 
 
 SSE SEbs SEbs SEbs SEbs SSE s s sbw ssw ssw swbs swbs sw sw swbw wbs wbs w WNW wsw swbs sbw sbE 
 
 204 
 
 s sw 
 
 J^.Ss [NW 
 
 645545431332236 7 13 15 18 21 17 15 12 6 
 
 180 Obs. N w 
 
 ),l}s}*^ 
 
 4 3 2 3 4 5 8 12 14 19 22 25 25 25 21 21 16 14 11 7 7 3 4 6 
 
 281 ., s w 
 
 3 *^ 1 S E 
 
 17 22 19 21 21 20 18 15 14 8 5 3 3 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 4 9 11 13 
 
 234 s K 
 
 gllsl" 1 ' 
 
 314110001000000000012 335 
 
 25 ,. N E 
 
 
 lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. Ib. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 ~o 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 0'08 O'Ol 0-00 012 Oil 013 010 0'08 0'06 0'09 012 Oil 010 0'09 Oil 012 017 0'25 0'22 015 018 016 014 010 
 
 012 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 06 -00 -00 -00 -00 "05 '00 '07 15 '08 -00 11 10 "08 10 16 14 14 15 13 15 12 14 12 
 
 09 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 08 '02 '00 '07 '06 "08 11 "03 -08 '04 '03 '07 '06 '00 "00 "09 12 14 15 16 15 '20 18 12 
 
 '08 
 
 3_8 
 
 4 
 
 11 '08 -00 -00 -00 -00 .00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 12 "09 '04 '06 '08 10 11 11 
 
 04 
 
 tf 
 
 o 5 
 
 08 '04 -02 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '01 '05 -02 '00 '00 'CO '06 10 11 10 11 -08 '03 "00 
 
 03 
 
 
 
 22 6 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -(0 -03 -00 -02 '06 -00 "00 -00 "08 12 11 12 -04 10 12 12 -00 
 
 04 
 
 
 
 03 7 
 
 02 -01 -00 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 'GO -00 .00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -04 10 11 10 -09 -03 '05 '06 
 
 03 
 
 ~ 
 
 W 8 
 
 02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 .00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '03 -02 10 "03 -00 '00 -00 -03 
 
 '01 
 
 il 
 
 P3 g 
 
 02 -00 -05 '08 11 -02 '00 "00 '00 '01 "04 .03 -01 '00 "00 10 13 14 15 14 16 13 14 -1 2 
 
 07 
 
 J3 M -*3 
 
 a 10 
 
 03 -05 -00 -02 -05 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 "00 .00 -00 -06 '05 '08 14 16 18 12 13 12 11 12 
 
 06 
 
 o C 
 
 G. o & 
 
 H 11 
 
 10 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -OCr vO '00 -00 '00 '.01 -02 -00 "00 -02 -09 12 13 14 14 -13 -13 -10 
 
 05 
 
 +2 C 
 
 M 12 
 
 20 13 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -0(> '00 '00 .00 -01 -02 '01 '03 13 12 14 15 18 -08 l'> -10 
 
 '06 
 
 'o p 2 
 
 1*4 i . > 
 
 CQ 10 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '04 13 '00 '00 '00 .00 -04 -06 12 14 10 13 16 15 18 13 10 11 
 
 07 
 
 35 P or; 
 
 | 14 
 
 04 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -07 '00 '00 '08 12 16 14 13 10 '00 '02 "01 '00 '01 '02 -00 
 
 Vf 
 
 04 
 
 1 i- s 
 
 Q 15 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '03 -07 10 -05 '25 -37 12 13 13 12 11 10 -08 -03 
 
 07 
 
 '~ Q..C 
 
 16 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -03 '02 -00 -00 -00 -08 -09 -08 '09 -07 -05 '03 -02 -00 
 
 VI 
 
 J * 
 
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 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '04 10 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 14 12 11 12 10 10 -08 -09 
 
 fU 
 
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 18 
 
 08 -02 -02 -00 -00 -00 '03 -03 -07 '08 '03 '02 -00 -00 '00 -06 13 12 13 10 12 13 12 -1ft 
 
 m 
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 1l| 
 
 w 19 
 
 03 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 . -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 12 13 10 11 11 -00 -00 
 
 
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 CO C3 (J) 
 
 S 20 
 
 04 -02 -00 '00 -00 -00 "00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -02 -08 10 '00 '02 -08 '07 "06 -05 -04 -08 -07 -06 
 
 03 
 
 1 .s 
 
 21 
 
 03 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 00 -00 '00 -02 10 11 lo -03 '08 '09 -07 -Ofi 
 
 0*} 
 
 3 o a) 
 
 22 
 
 09 "03 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 .00 '00 "00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 12 10 '09 -08 '04 '05 -08 -00 
 
 V(> 
 
 O'l 
 
 a 5 
 
 23 
 
 00 -00 -00 "00 -00 -00 -00 .00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 '04 -00 -02 -01 -00 -on 
 
 vo 
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 .sj 
 
 o 24 
 
 00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 'GO -00 -00 -00 -00 -07 10 13 15 13 -12 -08 -no 
 
 w 
 
 .AO 
 
 
 03 25 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -06 -08 13 -o^ 
 
 Uv 
 
 O1 
 
 3 o 
 
 26 
 
 12 -08 -00 -00 -00 10 -07 '00 -00 "00 '00 "00 -00 "02 "02 10 13 13 12 11 10 12 10 -08 
 
 UI 
 
 '&?> 
 
 27 
 
 08 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -07 10 -09 11 -07 -08 
 
 V) 
 
 .2 *" 
 
 28 
 
 00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -01 -07 10 -08 '07 10 '00 '00 "00 '00 -08 10 11 -10 -on 
 
 .AO 
 
 aj a? 
 
 29 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 00 -00 -00 '05 -00 -03 "08 -04 -02 -02 -09 -cat 
 
 vo 
 01 
 
 I* O 
 O JZ 
 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -06 13 12 13 10 -09 -08 -08 -07 
 
 Ul 
 
 04 
 
 
 Moans |0'04 '02 "00 '01 "01 '01 '01 '01 '02 '01 '02 '03 '02 "02 '03 '06 '09 '10 11 '09 10 -QJ '03 "Os" 
 
 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 41 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingeii 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 -2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 1*1 
 
 9 1 
 
 
 
 
 I* ** as 
 
 S o 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.in. h.m. h.in. h.m. h.m. h.m. h-m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h-m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m. 
 
 ' ^- 
 
 M * 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 641 (i.4| 7.41 S.41 0.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.11 16.41 16.41 17.11 18.41 19.41 20.4121.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 S* 
 
 ''& 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p . p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1" 
 
 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 12 25 26 24 22 22 22 24 26 28 29 29. 30 4666 
 
 186 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 a 
 
 6777777 777666666 12 18 21 30 31 31 6 10 
 
 79 
 
 Eby N 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 25 22 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 20 22 22 15 7 8 8 8 
 
 203 
 
 SSW 
 
 
 4" 
 
 10 12 12 15 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 18 20 24 25 12 6 6 5 6 6 6 
 
 144 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 o 5 
 
 7 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 22 24 24 24 25 23 31 6 8 9 9 9 8 
 
 45 
 
 N E 
 
 
 S 6 
 
 N- 7 
 
 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 30 30 31 31 31 30 30 1 6 9 8 7 7 7 
 
 62 
 
 E N E 
 u 
 
 
 
 31 2 2 3 3 8 7 23 23 22 23 25 25 23 20 20 21 22 22 22 23 24 26 
 
 302 
 
 / 
 
 xw by w 
 
 
 S 9 
 
 28 28 27 27 28 28 28 26 23 23 23 20 21 21 21 22 21 21 21 21 22 23 23 23 
 
 267 
 
 W 
 
 
 S 10" 
 
 25 25 23 23 22 21 21 21 22 23 23 22 22 22 23 23 23 24 24 25 25 25 25 24 
 
 260 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 X " 
 
 24 24 24 24 24 24 20 19 19 19 20 22 22 22 23 23 24' 25 25 25 26 27 28 6 
 
 268 
 
 w 
 
 
 T- 12" 
 
 1 '?2 
 
 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 13 15 21 22 22 22 25 25 456 
 
 146 
 
 im 
 
 SEby s 
 
 
 18' 
 
 !a i^ ! 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 18 20 21 21 24 20 9 9 10 
 
 IU1 
 
 145 
 
 i; by s 
 SE by s 
 
 
 5 15 2 
 
 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 14 16 17 19 19 19 20 23 23 23 28 23 H 9 8 
 
 176 
 
 s 
 
 
 16 
 
 7666666 5 5 5 5 4 31 29 29 26 27 29 1 8 7 6 7 7 
 
 39 
 
 XE by x 
 
 
 H 17 
 
 7 6 6 6 6 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 31 3 3 30 23 22 20 21 17 15 14 
 
 348 
 
 x by w 
 
 
 S 18 a 
 
 24 16 15 15 15 16 17 17 18 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 24 27 27 28 28 31 2 
 
 236 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 19 
 
 4 4 4 3 2 2 2 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 23 23 23 25 26 27 31 
 
 322 
 
 xw by x 
 
 
 ^ 20* 
 
 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 12 19 20 20 21 21 21 22 23 20 18 15 9 10 11 11 
 
 154 
 
 S8 E 
 
 
 O 21 2 
 
 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 16 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 22 22 24 26 1 9 8 
 
 177 
 
 s 
 
 
 * 22" 
 
 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 11 12 14 18 20 20 20 22 23 21 18 18 18 14 10 10 10 
 
 157 
 
 S S E 
 
 
 23* 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 17 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 23 22 18 14 11 12 1] 14 14 
 
 180 
 
 S 
 
 
 H 24 a 
 
 11 11 11 12 12 12 17 18 18 18 18 20 20 21 21 22 30 6 6 6 7 8 7 7 
 
 144 
 
 AA 
 
 SEby s 
 
 
 K 25 
 26 
 
 3 2 -2 22 2 3 3 3 31 28 28 28 28 28 29 31 1 2 4 3 3 4 3 
 
 Irr 
 
 8 
 
 N E 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 S 27 
 
 3 3 3 3 3331 10 31 30 30 29 29 29 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 
 
 9 
 
 x by E 
 
 
 28 
 
 30 30 31 31 31 31 31 29 26 26 26 25 24 24 23 23 25 24 29 2 6 6 3 3 
 
 327 
 
 xw by N 
 
 
 29 3 
 
 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 26 25 23 ' 23 22 22 21 21 21 21 23 6 12 12 11 
 
 158 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 30 3 
 
 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 16 19 20 22 22 22 20 20 19 15 12 13 13 14 14 
 
 169 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 31 a 
 
 99888888989999 14 18 19 14 977677 
 
 107 
 
 K by s 
 
 
 
 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO.OOOOOOOOO 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Z-- ( No. 1 } 
 
 36 37 39 3! * 39 34 30 21 356 353 338 319 319 318 319 316 324 304 326 351 356 354 28 39 
 
 "\ 
 
 
 
 ' * \ 
 
 NKbX XEbX XE NK NE NEbN NEbN XNK N Xbw NNW NW NW XW NW NW SwbX XWbW XWbX Nbw N, ' Xbw NNE.NKljN 
 
 [_ QEH 
 
 
 
 -^ L No. 2 I 
 
 71 85 81 83 81 82 135 146 163 191 197 197 202 204 230 233 249 222 208 201 31 75 85 85 
 
 > OO/' 
 
 N 
 
 
 1 
 
 K\K E EbN EbN EbN EbN SE SEbs RSE sbw SSW SSW SSW .SSW SW SWbw WSW SW SSW SSW NEbN EbN V, E 
 
 ) 
 
 
 
 5=3 fj, w 
 
 6543333 346869 10 88 10 86 11 8 663 
 
 147 Obs. N w 
 
 = '^5 1 S W 
 
 1 1 2 2 3 6 7 9 11 13 15 14 15 16 '18 18 16 14 5 5 3 1 1 
 
 196 s w 
 
 S s 5 I s E 
 
 10 14 14 14 14 13 12 11 11 9 554332 2 23 7 8 11 12 13 
 
 202 s E 
 
 :||| [XE 
 
 15 11 12 12 12 12 10 10 7 5 5 5 4 3 4 3 1 588 10 11 12 14 
 
 199 N E 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 0-04 O'Ol 0-00 O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0'62 0'03 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-04 0-02 0'05 0"06 0'03 0'050'07 0'06 
 
 0'05 
 
 * 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -03 -18 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 
 
 01 
 
 ll 
 
 3 
 
 02 '03 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -02 "02 '01 -00 '02 '03 
 
 01 
 
 -- w 
 
 4 
 
 05 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -03 -00 '00 -00 -00 
 
 01 
 
 o> * 
 
 o 5 
 
 08 -01 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -02 -00 -00 -01 -02 -04 '03 
 
 01 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -02 '01 '06 '11 '05 -08 '07 
 
 02 
 
 
 7 
 
 02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -02 '00 -00 -05 -03 '03 '00 
 
 01 
 
 c "a 
 
 a? 8 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -09 '10 '07 '12 '11 -04 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -03 -02 '00 '00 
 
 03 
 
 "^ o 
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 W 9 
 
 03 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 '01 -02 -01 '12 '14 '15 -16 -11 -12 -10 
 
 04 
 
 a " ^ 
 
 O O rt 
 
 % 10 
 
 08 -02 -07 '12 -15 -13 '15 -17 '20 "13 "12 '10 "10 -10 "11 '13 '13 '15 '16 '13 -12 -11 -08 '04 
 
 12 
 
 p-3 S 
 
 H 11 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '01 -05 -08 -10 -11 '09 -08 '08 -06 '00 
 
 03 
 
 ^ M S 
 
 s 12 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -12 -10 -12 '10 -10 -06 -08 '07 
 
 03 
 
 t* 
 
 9 13 
 
 00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -02 -00 -01 -02 -01 -00 
 
 00 
 
 =|l 
 
 J, 14 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -05 -04 -03 -00 -02 -03 '02 
 
 01 
 
 
 1 15 
 
 02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -05 -04 '06 -00 -00 -03 -02 
 
 01 
 
 '3 P-,J= 
 
 16 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -03 -06 -05 -10 -11 -10 -10 
 
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 13 O-i 
 
 ^ 17 
 
 02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '08 -05 -00 -00 -00 
 
 01 
 
 TJ m 
 
 W 18 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -07 -11 -10 -04 -01 -00 
 
 01 
 
 fi'-S 
 
 W 19 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -05 -01 -10 -04 -oo 
 
 01 
 
 r S 
 
 20 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -03 -01 -02 -01 -03 -01 -oo 
 
 01 
 
 a <K 9 
 
 rt 03 
 
 fe 21 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -10 -08 -04 '08 "06 -02 -00 '02 
 
 02 
 
 || J 
 
 22 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -oo -03 -04 -02 -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 
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 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -02 -01 -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -oo 
 
 00 
 
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 24 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '02 -03 -05 -06 '08 
 
 01 
 
 Co 
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 25 
 
 05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -03 '04 -03 -05 -06 '05 
 
 01 
 
 . " 
 
 fe 26 
 
 03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -10 -07 '09 -10 -11 -12 -11 
 
 03 
 
 7?- 
 
 27 
 
 01 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -12 -10 -11 -14 -13 -15 '13 
 
 04 
 
 "" O 
 
 28 
 
 12 -08 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -08 '04 '05 .03 -08 '07 '06 '05 
 
 02 
 
 | 
 
 29 
 
 05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -02 -11 -14 -12 '09 -06 -12 -11 '14 
 
 04 
 
 2jH 
 
 30 
 
 00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '08 -10 -06 -06 -04 '10 -12 -10 "00 
 
 OJ 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 05 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 .05 -01 -02 '02 '02 '01 '01 
 
 01 
 
 H 
 
 Means '02 '01 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '01 '03 '01 '01 '01 -01 "01 '01 '01 -04 -05 -05 '05 '05 '05 -05 -04 1 '02! 
 
 11 
 
42 
 
 MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 
 
 
 Gottiugen ] 
 Hean Time 
 
 <oon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 28 
 
 If a 
 
 S 
 _ O 
 
 n 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.tn. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. li.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. li.m. h.m. ' nl - '-H'- '-.- . ,.' 1 41 ' 2 ' 41 34| 
 
 u -s 5 
 
 H 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 4.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 1C.4I 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 11.41 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 arts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. P- P- P- 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 6 5 5 5 5 5 3 2 3 6 7 7 7 <_ t> 
 
 79 
 
 4 Q 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 2 3 4 5 6 6 6 5 4 3 3 3 2 :tl 3 5 ;> 7 8 i , 7 
 
 48 
 
 N E 
 
 
 3 
 
 6666 4 4 3 4 4 3 1 7 1 30 31 6 7 7 b 7 b b 
 
 60 
 
 NE 
 
 
 
 34434441 31 31 31 31 31 31 2 4 4 b b b b 
 
 26 
 
 NNE 
 
 
 is 5 
 
 3 3 3 4 3 4 1 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 
 
 l(i 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 30 30 30 30 29 31 4 4 4 4 
 
 12 
 
 Nby E 
 
 
 ^2 7 
 
 
 35! 
 
 N by \v 
 
 
 a ' 
 
 pq 8 
 
 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 2 31 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 1 2 3 
 
 18 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 S 9 
 
 1 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 29 28 28 28 29 29 29 30 2222 
 
 346 
 
 x by w 
 
 
 S 10 
 
 31 1 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 1222 1 
 
 2 
 
 N 
 
 
 
 22 223333 3 2 22210 30 13333 
 
 24 
 
 NNE 
 
 
 i 12 
 
 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 30 28. 29 29 29 29 29 28 
 
 335 
 
 NNW 
 
 
 T 13 
 
 28 29 29 29 30 30 28 29 29 30 30 30 31 31 31 31 1 2 3 ,> o 
 
 356 
 
 N 
 
 
 Q 14 
 
 78 7 2 30 30 31 31 1 31 31 4 2 1 5 9 4 
 
 23 
 
 NNE 
 
 
 fc 15 
 
 30 011112 2 232' 222222211110 
 
 15 
 
 Nby E 
 
 
 t"* ifi 
 
 
 352 
 
 Nby w 
 
 
 ^ ID 
 
 17 
 
 29 28 28 1 28 28 28 29 30 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 
 
 356 
 
 N 
 
 
 H 18 
 
 31 31 31 31 30 30 30 30 29 29 28 28 28 28 29 30 30 30 30 29 29 
 
 338 
 
 NN W 
 
 
 2? 
 
 27 26 27 26 26 27 27 2 4 29 29 29 28 2 28 27 27 26 g g * I g 31 
 
 323 
 360 
 
 N w by N 
 
 N 
 
 
 21 
 
 19 19 18 18 17 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 17 17 .17 18 17 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 
 
 184 
 
 S 
 
 
 22 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 11 11 11 12 12 13 17 18 23 24 22 18 18 12 12 12 
 
 160 
 
 S SE 
 
 
 ' 23 
 
 999999999999999987666665 
 
 91 
 
 E 
 
 
 y 24. 
 
 766666677765555677899999 
 
 77 
 
 EbyN 
 
 
 g 25 
 
 10 9899999999775543224577 7 
 
 77 
 
 EbyN 
 
 
 H 26 
 
 665544444555543223445544 
 
 48 
 
 NE 
 
 
 27 
 
 21 111222222221 31 30 30 31 01111 
 
 10 
 
 Nby E 
 
 
 3 28 
 
 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 1 o 1 
 
 344 
 
 N by \v 
 
 
 29 
 
 30 30 30 30 30 31 30 30 '30 30 30 30 31 1 2 1 2 1 2 
 
 353 
 
 Nby w 
 
 
 30 
 
 222233 3 333 22 111-i >>--!<:-- 
 
 
 NNE 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 20 16 20 20 17 19 17 16 14 12 8 1 2 359 355 353 6 17 28 25 28 30 28 25 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 i* C No. 1 < 
 
 NNE NbE NNE NNE NN NNK NNE NbE NbE NbE NbE N N N N Nbw NbE NNE NRbN NNENKbNXEbN NKbNN.NE 
 
 f o 
 
 
 
 ! IN af 
 
 150 150 146 146 142 135 135 135 131 131 131 135 142 146 161 169 180 180 169 150 150 124 124 116 
 
 C 26 
 
 NNE 
 
 
 \ 
 
 sEbs sEbs sEbsl sEbs sEba SE BE SE SE SE SE SB sEbs sEbs BSE sbE R s sbB sEbs sEbs 8Eb BEbE ESE 
 
 ) 
 
 
 
 3-S 8 I N W 
 
 9 11 7 6 9 10 9 10 13 11 . 13 15 14 15 16 18 11 10 5544 5 5 
 
 23 
 
 5 Obs. > 
 
 W 
 
 a P 1 ^ Q 1 
 
 
 i 
 
 ct 
 
 
 IjffisE 
 
 4 5 4 4 4 :. 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 2 I 1 11 3 3 3 
 
 j 
 7 
 
 * 
 
 \V 
 
 
 
 
 16 13 18 19 16 15 16 15 12 15 13 12 13 12 12 9 17 18 23 22 23 23 22 1 
 
 39 
 
 11 i 
 
 ; E 
 
 
 lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 0-02 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-06 0-08 010 0-07 0-06 0'06 
 
 0-02 
 
 P S 
 
 
 2 
 
 13 -10 I'lO -20 -08 -10 '04 '02 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '02 'iQ '12 -00 '00 '08 -42 -35 -33 
 
 13 
 
 ii 
 
 
 3 
 
 10 -08 0-10 '08 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -06 "08 -08 "10 '07 '10 "06 -10 -05 
 
 04 
 
 li 
 
 
 4 
 
 05 -04 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 "00 "00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -06 -12 -10 -12 -05 -18 -12 
 
 04 
 
 
 
 
 10 -05 -05 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -08 '10 -15 -17 '16 -05 -13 -14 
 
 05 
 
 
 
 22 6 
 
 02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -06 -07 "07 -10 -08 -On; -08 
 
 02 
 
 ^ " 
 
 
 o3 7 
 
 03 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -05 -08 -07 -12 -10 '11 -10 
 
 03 
 
 o ~j 
 
 
 g 
 
 03 -01 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -05 '07 '08 -09 -11 -13 -12 '10 
 
 03 
 
 ^ S 
 
 
 2 9 
 
 06 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -13 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 01 
 
 | B., 
 
 1 
 
 H 10 
 
 12 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -03 '05 '10 -12 '13 -11 -10 -14 '10 
 
 04 
 
 S-I : 
 
 
 t> 11 
 
 17 -10 -10 -11 -10 -10 -09 -07 '09 -06 -02 "00 "00 '00 '00 '00 -15 -27 "38 -42 '55 "25 -10 -15 
 
 14 
 
 a i 
 
 VJ r 
 
 | 
 
 12 
 
 15 -02 -12 -10 -09 -10 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '01 "00 -13 '20 -26 -12 '08 '10 
 
 06 
 
 e+-i QJ : 
 3 * 
 
 t 
 
 fc 13 
 
 05 -03 -02 -00 -00 -00 '02 -04 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '05 "08 '09 -03 -01 '06 -06 -05 
 
 02 
 
 j/j 3 i 
 
 1 
 
 1 14 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -03 -08 -10 -09 -07 -05 
 
 02 
 
 c; /-' . 
 
 5 S 
 
 ) 
 
 P 15 
 
 13 -12 -04 -08 -10 -08 "08 -11 -13 -10 "10 "01 '03 -04 "Q5 "06 -22 -18 -16 -12 15 -13 -12 -14 
 
 10 
 
 - o 
 &-~ 
 
 
 S 16 
 
 15 -10 -05 -07 '03 -02 '04 -05 -03 -02 '05 "00 '00 "00 '08 "03 '05 '50 ".',:> -k> '00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 09 
 
 
 
 fe 17 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00. -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -1 1 -26 -55 -82 -35 -40 
 
 11 
 
 T3 01 C 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 18 
 
 27 -32 -22 -18 -12 -05 "06 -03 -02 -00 "00 "00 '00 '00 '08 '06 -13 '14 -18 -15 -12 -10 -11 -12 
 
 10 
 
 p a.'. 
 
 i41 
 
 ) 
 
 W 19 
 
 15 -18 75 -42 -22 "25 -20 -58 -82 370 1'95 "92 "65 70 -60 1'35 1'85 "30 1-35 3-50 6'50 4'50 7'00 370 
 
 176 
 
 CO g i 
 
 J 
 
 H 20 
 
 6-00 4-00 4-50 4-50 6'50 8'00 11-50 8'00 8'50 12-50 12-00 14-00 17'00 13-50 8'50 7'5o 5'00 4'50 4'50 3'50 3-50 370 370 3'00 
 
 7-41 
 
 C 03 ( 
 
 1 
 
 fa 21 
 
 1-00 0-65 0-20 0'03 0'05 O'OO 0'06 0'08 0-00 0'02 0'03 0'35 0'38 O'OO O'OO 0'22 0'65 0'62 0'35 0'42 0-45 0'36 0'25 O'lO 
 
 0"2b 
 
 r; |- 1 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 0-03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 p- ^ 
 
 t 
 
 a 23 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -02 -03 -02 -04 '02 -06 
 
 01 
 
 .S-ri 
 
 
 S 24 
 
 03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "05 -10 -07 -06 -08 -08 -12 '04 -00 
 
 03 
 
 8 
 
 
 25 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -05 -07 -04 -03 
 
 01 
 
 It 
 
 
 i 26 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -00 -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -03 -02 -05 -07 -01 
 
 01 
 
 M g> 
 
 
 27 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -05 -07 -10 -08 -03 -02 
 
 02 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -10 -12 -08 
 
 02 
 
 i 
 
 
 29 
 
 03 -05 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -25 -45 -32 -35 -28 -10 
 
 08 
 
 C J3 
 
 
 30 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 f 
 
 
 
 
 
 EH 
 
 
 Means 
 
 29 -20 '24 '19 -24 -29 '40 '30 '32 -55 '47 "51 '60 '47 "31 -31 '29 '25 '29 -35 "46 '41 -46 '31 
 
 36 
 
 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 43 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Giittingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 t> 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Ib, 
 
 
 
 
 
 = 2 a 
 
 o 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. li.m. h.m. li.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. Ji.ni. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 
 
 Ss 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 t.41 8,41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.11 2141 2241 23.41 0.41 1.41 i.41 3.41 
 
 .*" 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 part. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 31 31 31 31 31 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 
 
 357 
 
 N 
 
 
 -2 
 
 2 3322 31 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 4 4 3 3 2 3 
 
 3 
 
 N 
 
 
 CO 3 
 
 2 2 1 2 2 1 31 30 29 29 29 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 2 
 
 355 
 
 N 
 
 
 oo 4- 
 
 31 30 31 31 31 31 30 30 2221 31 30 30 30 30 31 31 30 30 28 27 
 
 347 
 
 X by w 
 
 
 11 ci 
 
 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 29 29 29 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 
 
 347 
 
 x by w 
 
 
 P3 
 
 2 2 31 31 31 30 30 31 1 31 30 30 30 30 31 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 
 
 
 
 N 
 
 
 ffl 7 
 
 31 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 31 30 31 31 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 29 
 
 352 
 
 N by w 
 
 
 o 
 
 s " 
 
 31 31 1 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 9 
 
 42 
 
 X E 
 
 
 H O 2 
 
 ii 10 11 11 11 11 12 11 11 11 12 11 11 12 12 12 12 14 17 18 17 17 14 9 
 
 139 
 
 S E 
 
 
 a 10 
 
 3 6 10 14 7110011 124333456 5665 
 
 45 
 
 X E 
 
 
 P 11 
 
 7666 5 554443333444 4' 456444 
 
 50 
 
 N E 
 
 
 1 12 
 
 233233433323323344434322 
 
 33 
 
 N E by N 
 
 
 a 13 
 
 :; 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 5 4 4 3 3 
 
 39 
 
 N E by N 
 
 
 ft 14 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 31 31 29 28 28 28 31 1 221 2 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 > 15 
 
 333333 3 3332 2 2 31 30 30 31 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 
 
 23 
 
 NNE 
 
 
 16 
 
 3 3222333333 222213234 3333 
 
 30 
 
 X E by N 
 
 
 a 17 
 
 33 33333 3333 33321 3444 3343 
 
 34 
 
 N Eby N 
 
 
 g is 
 
 3 3 3333333333322234555544 
 
 38 
 
 N E by u 
 
 
 is* 
 
 4343332 1 1 1 1 1 30 29 28 28 29 3 3 3333 
 
 14 
 
 x by E 
 
 
 g 
 
 33333222 30 29 29 29 29 29 27 26 29 30 31 1 2 3 2 2 
 
 359 
 
 Af 
 
 N 
 
 
 22 
 
 3344445-4444444233332 2110 
 
 **. 
 
 35 
 
 N E 
 
 N E by N 
 
 
 g 23 
 
 122212 2 3 3 3 1 29 30 30 30 30 31 30 31 31 1 1 1 2 
 
 C 
 
 O 
 
 B 
 
 
 S 24 
 
 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 31 30 30 31 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 
 
 15 
 
 Nby E 
 
 
 W 25 
 
 2 2 2 31 31 31 31 30 30 30 31 31 30 31 31 2 3 2 3 3 3 
 
 j 
 
 >,- 
 
 
 S 26 
 
 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 29 29 29 30 30 29 30 30 30 30 31 
 
 357 
 
 N 
 
 
 8 27 
 
 31 31 30 30 1 2 2 31 29 29 29 29 29 29 31 3 3 ' 3 2 1 1 31 
 
 11 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 28 
 
 1 31 30 29 29 28 29 29 28 29 29 29 29 29 30 30 30 30 31 1 2 2 
 
 336 
 
 N N W 
 
 
 29 
 
 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 1 ' 29 29 29 29 30 30 31 31 3 3 3 
 
 8 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 30 
 
 21112222211 31 30 30 30 30 31 31 13 3456 
 
 13 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 31 
 
 43444333333333334433 3333 
 
 37 
 
 u EbyN 
 
 
 
 ooooooooooooooooo ooooooo 
 
 
 
 
 t>s to / No I < 
 
 22 23 25 24 21 18 18 16 16 14 8 3 359 352 352 3 12 19 24 26 26 24 24 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 -f?p 1 L 
 
 NNE NNE NNE NNE NNE NNE NNE NbE NbB NbE NbE N N N NbW Nbw N NbE NNE NNE NNE KNB NNE NNE 
 
 L 
 
 
 
 J (NO 2 
 
 101 113 124 124 124 124 135 124 124 124 135 124 124 135 135 135 135 158 191 203 191 191 158 101 
 
 ( 19 
 
 NNE 
 
 
 a 
 
 Ebs ESE SEbE SEbE sEbu SEbE SE SEbE SEbu sEbs SE SEbE SEbE SE SB SE SE ssE sbw saw sbw sbw SSE Ebs 
 
 J 
 
 
 
 |3.g| (NW 
 
 4 4 4 6 7 6 7 8 8 8 11 15 16 19 19 18 16 12 9 7 5 3 3 4 
 
 219 Obs.NW 
 
 g *1 g J s w 
 
 
 sw 
 
 
 g 3 " j s E 
 
 11221111111 11111 1111 1222 
 
 29 s E 
 
 |U|l 
 
 26 26 25 23 23 24 23 22 22 22 19 15 14 11 11 12 14 18 21 23 25 26 26 25 
 
 496 u E 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-os 015 oio o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo 
 
 o-oi 
 
 a, 
 
 2 
 
 05 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 "03 "00 '00 '00 '00 "00 -00 "00 '00 -03 '04 -02 '50 15 -06 -32 '45 '25 
 
 08 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 10 -03 -06 '02 -00 -03 '00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 "00 '00 "03 -09 12 15 17 '25 '35 '42 '38 10 
 
 10 
 
 " rj 
 
 cr *- 
 
 ,0 4 
 
 15 10 -08 -03 -02 12 -02 -00 '00 '01 '03 10 '08 '09 17 '20 16 -32 -65 70 1'22 110 '95 '00 
 
 26 
 
 CK O 
 CJ 
 
 S 5 
 
 55 -58 -35 '42 -30 '20 -23 '25 18 "22 19 '23 10 13 18 12 "20 15 1-08 1-25 '22 "00 '50 1'85 
 
 48 
 
 o o 
 
 "- 1 6 
 
 15 17 '04 12 10 -05 13 '20 10 '22 -35 '25 19 10 15 10 '95 1-85 3'25 2'80 3'85 "85 2'65 0'85 
 
 85 
 
 
 7 
 
 62 70 1-35 '48 1'20 '85 115 1'40 '95 1'35 117 '65 '26 '30 15 '22 '65 070 1'65 170 1'20 15 0'55 T32 
 
 91 
 
 0~ 
 
 M 8 
 
 60 -30 0-35 1"25 2'85 2'90 3'65 3'80 3-50 3-35 3'45 2'58 1-85 T50 110 1-20 118 1-60 2'25 215 '85 '60 170 2'55 
 
 2-05 
 
 n i ^ 
 
 S "^ 
 
 1-65 1-55 2'35 '65 T85 1'45 2'35 2'00 170 2-45 215 1'45 0'30 0'05 015 0'20 18 0'30 "25 0'05 0'03 0'08 0'02 O'OO 
 
 1-01 
 
 a 
 
 H 10 
 
 O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 010 -00 -00 -00 10 10 15 16 17 14 12 15 10 
 
 0-05 
 
 =Ja 
 
 R n 
 
 12 -04 -02 -00 -00 -00 10 -00 -08 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '08 -00 "04 10 11 15 12 10 13 11 
 
 05 
 
 CM y 3 
 
 Q 12 
 
 12 -08 -02 10 11 -09 -02 -00 "00 -03 '00 -00 '00 '00 "02 10 13 15 17 14 12 11 "08 "00 
 
 07 
 
 -3 
 
 if, 2 3D 
 
 | 13 
 
 13 12 11 10 -02 -06 -03 "05 '05 "06 15 "03 '07 10 11 12 15 "25 "47 15 12 "68 '50 "24 
 
 16 
 
 ill 
 
 Q 14 
 
 25 18 12 10 13 11 10 -04 -00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '03 '02 13 15 10 15 '22 16 '20 19 18 
 
 11 
 
 s s a 
 
 ft 15 
 
 18 -03 -02 -00 -00 -00 "02 "00 -00 '00 -00 '00 "00 "00 "04 -08 "03 14 17 16 13 14 12 12 
 
 06 
 
 'i a ^ 
 
 S 16 
 
 10 -08 -01 -02 -00 -00 -00 "00 "00 "00 -00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 18 -20 "23 14 10 "00 "00 -00 
 
 04 
 
 
 ^ 17 
 
 16 -06 -01 -00 -03 -00 -00 "00 -00 '00 "00 "00 '00 "00 "00 "03 15 10 "00 11 "07 '08 '00 -00 
 
 03 
 
 "3 *.s 
 
 S !8 
 
 08 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 13 18 -06 '00 12 15 14 
 
 04 
 
 j "C 
 
 19 
 
 13 -08 -Q6 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "03 -02 11 10 12 14 14 13 15 12 
 
 06 
 
 511 
 
 20 
 
 08 -07 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -03 12 13 14 12 13 14 10 -08 
 
 Of 
 
 CM 
 
 S 21 
 
 08 -07 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 "00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -02 '00 '00 '05 '00 '00 '00 12 "20 "00 
 
 02 
 
 1 o5 
 
 22 
 
 -25 -32 -24 -20 18 16 15 10 13 '03 12 15 "04 '00 '00 11 '35 -22 "65 -80 '60 "45 -33 -25 
 
 24 
 
 0.0^ 
 
 g 23 
 
 42 -30 -08 '02 -07 10 13 "26 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '03 12 '30 '52 '48 '35 -38 -20 
 
 16 
 
 . 
 
 24 
 
 18 16 15 '08 10 -06 -05 12 11 13 -10 11 12 10 12 13 12 -30 "28 '27 "25 "32 -43 -45 
 
 
 |8 
 
 25 
 
 22 15 10 '09 -00 -00 "00 '00 10 '06 11 10 '08 12 10 10 "09 10 12 -25 -35 '37 "35 -28 
 
 14 
 
 
 ^ 26 
 
 13 -06 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 "05 '00 "00 '01 13 '20 "08 '00 10 13 -00 '20 12 "00 -00 '00 
 
 Of 
 
 CD > 
 
 27 
 
 25 -20 10 '03 -04 "00 '00 "00 "00 "00 "00 '00 '00 "00 '00 "00 "03 -00 "25 18 13 15 12 15 
 
 o/ 
 
 O O 
 
 28 
 
 12 10 10 -06 -08 10 11 10 13 14 '08 11 12 14 12 '08 13 18 -04 10 "00 12 -00 10 
 
 1C 
 
 2 
 
 29 
 
 10 -02 -04 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 "00 '00 "00 "00 -08 10 '07 "06 "06 13 12 13 10 10 12 14 
 
 oe 
 
 -C 
 ' H 
 
 30 
 
 12 11 -06 '00 -00 -00 -00 "00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 -00 -02 '03 '04 12 11 13 14 12 14 12 
 
 'Of 
 
 
 31 
 
 1-2 -03 -04 -01 -02 -00 -00 "00 "00 "00 "00 '00 "00 "00 "00 '00 "00 "03 10 13 15 -24 16 12 
 
 Of 
 
 H 
 
 Means 0'23 18 19 15 "23 "20 '27 '27 '23 -26 '25 19 11 10 '09 11 19 -26 -44 '43 '43 '38 '35 '32 1 0'24| 
 
44 
 
 MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSEVATIONS 
 
 
 
 DEPTH OF RAIN 
 
 AND EVAPORATION IN INCHES 
 
 JANUARY 
 
 PEBKrAltl 
 
 MARCH 
 
 APRIL 
 
 MAY 
 
 Jl'.VK 
 
 .1 r i, v 
 
 .U'KUST 
 
 SEPTEMBER 
 
 OCTOBER 
 
 NdVKMBEB 
 
 DECEMBER 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night liny 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Duy 
 
 Night 
 
 Day 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 p 8 
 
 2 10 
 11 
 
 12 
 fe 13 
 S5 14 
 
 HH * ~ 
 
 <j 15 
 3 16 
 
 18 
 
 J 20 
 < 21 
 fe 22 
 23 
 24 
 26 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 
 
 In. In. 
 
 1-070 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0193 0-220 
 018 
 
 295 
 
 In. In. 
 
 O'OSO 
 
 0-045 
 010 
 
 In. In. 
 0-028 0-480 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-204 
 022 1-510 
 
 080 0-545 
 014 '019 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-112 
 0-102 '005 
 
 175 
 005 -003 
 '035 
 245 1 4 530 
 278 - 
 330 0-020 
 020 
 270 1-890 
 138 0'007 
 090 
 2-700 2-559 
 6-220 0-170 
 
 010 
 
 In. In. 
 
 o-oio - 
 
 073 0-230 
 160 1-080 
 362 2718 
 492 1-075 
 '742 1-010 
 063 112 
 010 
 095 
 748 -007 
 038 '020 
 
 008 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0-035 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 460 
 
 368 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 02!) 
 
 008 
 004 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 022 O'OOS 
 
 
 
 0-028 
 
 
 
 
 
 060 0-060 
 1-122 1-350 
 0-712 0-353 
 098 '125 
 025 
 015 
 
 012 
 008 
 
 260 "MO 
 103 
 
 
 
 062 
 195 "208 
 590 -044 
 220 
 
 
 
 1-490 
 
 E E 
 
 1-115 
 0-058 
 
 135 
 046 -017 
 
 003 
 137 
 050 -150 
 
 013 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 020 -022 
 1-900 '280 
 
 0-045 -010 
 008 
 012 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 498 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 527 '070 
 072 '020 
 460 
 476 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 290 
 
 Sums ... 
 
 
 
 0-028 
 
 
 
 O-OOG 
 
 '-"054 3-454 
 
 0770 0-048 
 
 2'551 0-770 
 
 4700 0-977 
 
 0-412 0-647 
 
 0-320 3-564 
 
 10-308 6-GG6 
 
 3-306 6-407 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 2 10 
 
 1 11 
 
 SS 12 
 
 g 13 
 
 to 14 
 5 15 
 2 16 
 H 17 
 
 18 
 g 19 
 
 2" 
 <J 21 
 > 22 
 w 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-020 0-135 
 007 -183 
 005 -220 
 001 '205 
 003 '220 
 007 '223 
 005 -2V.', 
 004 -210 
 017 -220 
 007 '217 
 009 -210 
 010 -290 
 013 "230 
 018 -251 
 015 -220 
 027 -240 
 007 - 260 
 007 '250 
 018 '273 
 019 -155 
 017 '228 
 010 -232 
 004 -2:!5 
 015 -240 
 003 -263 
 015 '248 
 012 -230 
 Oil) -251 
 014 '213 
 013 '248 
 017 -230 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-012 0'210 
 010 '278 
 019 '230 
 021 "257 
 013 '250 
 017 -243 
 017 '233 
 007 '213 
 010 '253 
 022 -203 
 012 '293 
 016 '308 
 010 -30? 
 006 '333 
 015 '323 
 014 '330 
 015 "283 
 017 '298 
 025 '288 
 028 '323 
 023 '283 
 012 '280 
 017 -334 
 022 '323 
 023 '323 
 027 -300 
 026 '338 
 028 '333 
 022 -330 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-013 0-342 
 016 -332 
 025 "325 
 006 '330 
 022 '330 
 007 '2% 
 016 "310 
 015 -330 
 020 '325 
 024 '312 
 021 '313 
 019 -340 
 020 '336 
 019 -343 
 019 -393 
 027 "363 
 025 '337 
 029 '340 
 030 -325 
 030 -3/8 
 020 '340 
 025 -360 
 013 -357 
 025 '393 
 023 '345 
 031 -332 
 027 -365 
 023 "345 
 020 '360 
 025 -310 
 030 "294 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0'029 0-335 
 023 -370 
 015 '385 
 010 -332 
 022 -388 
 008 -361 
 012 '350 
 012 -370 
 023 '362 
 015 '322 
 010 "353 
 020 -367 
 023 "385 
 026 -368 
 019 -440 
 019 '377 
 010 -402 
 020 "380 
 025 -400 
 018 "394 
 022 -376 
 024 '380 
 017 '409 
 016 '407 
 021 '355 
 017 '418 
 022 '353 
 027 -320 
 030 "385 
 035 '344 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-026 0-203 
 c- -348 
 022 '363 
 031 -3&! 
 024 '333 
 027 -390 
 029 "378 
 034 '398 
 022 "420 
 028 -440 
 027 '395 
 030 '425 
 030 '410 
 037 "453 
 032 -028 
 020 "320 
 015 -2G3 
 028 "018 
 c- "013 
 c c 
 e -200 
 002 '378 
 026 "307 
 037 '398 
 058 -343 
 056 '313 
 049 '400 
 Mr, -465 
 053 "446 
 '500 
 416 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-170 0-452 
 119 "375 
 043 -330 
 060 "314 
 027 '393 
 081 '395 
 096 '350 
 126 '472 
 098 '4!H 
 120 '462 
 046 -453 
 142 '492 
 082 -435 
 ll.-.li '361 
 117 "415 
 060 '522 
 082 "525 
 057 '436 
 056 "365 
 035 -Oitt 
 020 "275 
 020 '325 
 033 '420 
 021 '237 
 025 "233 
 020 '315 
 020 -433 
 043 '430 
 045 -381 
 037 '375 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-004 0-255 
 007 '422 
 047 '225 
 039 '263 
 033 '235 
 058 "237 
 051 '296 
 024 '255 
 04.3 '297 
 033 '235 
 035 '287 
 c -390 
 '024 '390 
 067 '315 
 052 '377 
 030 '358 
 050 '413 
 072 '433 
 077 '423 
 082 "313 
 107 '395 
 139 '485 
 095 -461 
 093 '370 
 064 '390 
 044 -361 
 066 '375 
 c -210 
 c -120 
 c '215 
 c '248 
 
 In. In. 
 
 c 0-2C3 
 048 '328 
 036 '264 
 036 "283 
 030 '224 
 035 '283 
 030 -353 
 037 '359 
 038 -315 
 035 -345 
 034 "269 
 020 '278 
 028 '255 
 023 -213 
 030 '351 
 021 "195 
 039 '065 
 c '055 
 c -138 
 o -204 
 037 '284 
 032 -280 
 019 '226 
 043 -248 
 030 -196 
 c '041 
 032 '165 
 025 '058 
 012 '140 
 005 '154 
 033 -158 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-048 0-340 
 059 '384 
 060 '365 
 037 "324 
 033 '302 
 032 '305 
 022 -310 
 017 '246 
 033 -383 
 037 -352 
 047 -371 
 065 -275 
 009 '235 
 033 -212 
 034 -182 
 035 -215 
 027 '310 
 035 -345 
 037 '335 
 029 -330 
 030 '335 
 021 '265 
 023 -132 
 021 -137 
 019 "247 
 021 "292 
 c "170 
 017 -230 
 007 -185 
 012 -303 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-014 0-275 
 027 -139 
 020 -223 
 020 -271 
 005 '276 
 007 -243 
 Oil '057 
 037 c 
 c c 
 065 '280 
 023 '315 
 005 "318 
 008 '277 
 005 "280 
 002 '273 
 005 '291 
 
 on -ooo 
 
 003 '225 
 006 '093 
 003 '235 
 009 '294 
 Oil '218 
 010 "240 
 017 "305 
 028 '334 
 015 '255 
 015 '275 
 010 '286 
 009 '321 
 018 '293 
 015 '243 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-008 0-276 
 018 '239 
 028 -291 
 021 :->*:>, 
 018 -293 
 027 '270 
 009 '250 
 022 "290 
 032 -197 
 032 -245 
 041 '198 
 c c 
 e "203 
 . c '199 
 022 '152 
 c c 
 e -138 
 018 c 
 c c 
 c o 
 022 -253 
 014 -156 
 o:li> -191 
 030 '216 
 016 "179 
 005 "141 
 008 '221 
 004 '173 
 014 '233 
 010 '24/1 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-020 0-224 
 005 '206 
 111 I '244 
 021 -154 
 014 -066 
 c c 
 c c 
 c-- c 
 c -055 
 c "135 
 Oil '130 
 Oil -134 
 c -080 
 010 -134 
 '017 -185 
 008 -180 
 008 '194 
 000 '234 
 Oil '223 
 Oil '218 
 005 -231 
 041 '245 
 023 - 200 
 025 '263 
 009 '176 
 014 '223 
 007 '225 
 003 '231 
 004 '208 
 009 -179 
 021 '222 
 
 Means ... 
 
 Oil '228 
 
 017 -290 
 
 021 '339 
 
 020 '373 
 
 031 "338 
 
 065 '385 
 
 055 '324 
 
 030 '226 
 
 033 '281 
 
 015 '246 
 
 019 -221 
 
 013 
 
 186 
 
 TOTAL 
 EACH MONTH 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^Clp IpSoOeOOpgocTl-.^ 
 6 6 3 O SO *?S t-> CO O Ci Zf, 
 
 MEAN DAILY 
 EVAPORATION IN EACH MONTH 
 
 3 
 
 COI~OCOC>Oasc3-t'-<O-* 
 _' CO O ^ Ci O w? t-*. C H < "t Oi rH 
 ^CMMeO5OCO*+K><MCO<M<Nr^> 
 
 
 
 
 
 Q 
 
 6 60066660050001 
 
 t*. 
 
 Q 
 
 OOOCiOOODO-^iOi-HCSi-HCOtO 
 
 <?i 3i w t^ oo <N fM co -? <^ 35 oo 
 
 ~*MCM??eOWeO<M<M<M(M-<e$ 
 
 " 6 b 
 
 41 
 ' 
 
 1 "G^OC-lTPOOOcO-t 
 
 i-t W 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 ," J t>.' "Of-ii35OCCOOSeOt> 
 
 ~oooooooooooob 
 
 
 
 K 
 
 HH 
 
 tq 
 
 < 
 
 fC 
 
 i-l 
 
 
 
 
 
 ! ; * : i * ^ 
 
 jlnl 
 
 ? < & o fc p 
 
 l 
 
 :::::: b : t. S 
 
 * i i 1 1 
 
 1 1 1 1 II f ! ! J 1 1 
 
 i a , ' : 
 
 ! - ' 
 
 3 2 a ? >, o 
 
 I 1 * III ; 
 
 c. Covered the evaporator. 
 
12 
 
46 
 
 MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY 1856 
 
 Data 
 
 Gottingen Mean Time 
 \00\ 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths] 
 
 3 
 
 Cloudy sky in Sthsj 
 
 4 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 O 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 8 
 
 Cloudy sly in 8ths 
 
 10 
 
 Cloudy ty in 8ths 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 overcast, nim 
 fl-cu & cu-st 
 cu & hz 
 light hz 
 so-cu 
 
 8 
 3 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 
 overcast 
 fl-cu 
 ny-clear 
 lt-hz & cu ... 
 It-hz & cu ... ... 
 
 8 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 overcast 
 fl-cu 
 ny-clear 
 lt-hz & cu ... 
 cu & cu-st 
 
 8 
 2 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 overcast, nim 
 fl-cn 
 cu & hz 
 fl-cu 4 D 
 cu & cn-st ... 
 
 8 
 1 
 3 
 4 
 2 
 
 overcast ... ... 
 clear 
 cu & hz ... ... 
 fl-cn 
 sc-cu 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cn & hz 
 sc-cu 
 cu & hz, D ... 
 cu-hor, D ... 
 
 4 
 2 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 clear D 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 cu ... 
 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear, D... 
 fl-cu A hz ... ... 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cu & hz ... 
 fl-cn & hz ... 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu & hz 
 ny-clear, D... 
 fl-cu & hz ... 
 fl-cu & cu-st 
 fl-cu & hz ... 
 fl-cu & hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 3 
 8 
 5 
 
 cu-hor 
 cu-hor, D 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 cu, cr-hz, D... ... 
 cu-hor, D ... ... 
 
 cu & ci-hz ... 
 fl-cu 
 cu-hor 
 cu, cu-st & nim ... 
 en & ci-hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 cu & cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu >t hz ... 
 en & cr-hz ... 
 cr-st & hz ... 
 fl-cu & hz ... 
 
 cu, cu-st & hz, D ... 
 cu-hor, D ... 
 cu & cr-hz, D 
 fl-cu & hz ... 
 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu-hor, D ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu & cr-hz, D 
 
 clear, D 
 clear 
 en, cn-st & cr-hz, D. 
 cu, cu-st & cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz, D... 
 clear 
 
 
 
 2 
 6 
 2 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz & cr-st . . . 
 cu & cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz & or 
 cu & hz 
 clear 
 cr, cr-st cthz 
 
 6 
 4 
 5 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 It-cu, cr-st & hz ... 
 cu & cr-hz ... 
 fl-cn, cr-st & cr-hz... 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 cu & hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st & hz 
 cu & cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cr-st &thi-er-hz 
 cr-st & thi-cr-hz, D 
 ny-clear 
 cu it hz 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 fl-cu & hz ... 
 en & cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cr-st & hz, hi J 
 cr-st & hz, D 
 clear... 
 cu & hz ... ... 
 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 cu-hor 
 en, cu-st & cr-hz, D 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz&cu-st 
 cu, cr-hz, D 
 clear, D 
 en & hz 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 6 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st & cr-hz ... 
 cu & cr-cu ... 
 fl-cu 
 cu & hz, D 
 ny-clear, D 
 cu, cr & cr-hz, D. ... 
 
 8 
 7 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 overcast 
 cu & cr-hz ... 
 cu & hz 
 cr-cn & cr-hz 
 cr & cr-hz ... 
 cu-hor 
 
 8 
 3 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 ny-overcast 
 cu & cr-hz ... . 
 cu & hz ... 
 en & er-hz ... 
 cu & hz 
 cu & cr-st 
 
 7 
 2 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 overcast 
 cu & cr-hz ... ... 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-st it In- 
 clear 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 overcast ... 
 cu & cr-hz ... 
 cu & hz 
 ny-clear, hz & D ... 
 cu, cr-st & hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st & It-hz ... 
 
 8 
 2 
 2 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu & cr-cu ... 
 fl-cu 
 cu & hz, D 
 ny-clear, D . . . 
 cu, cr & cr-hz, D ... 
 cu-hor, D ... 
 
 7 
 5 
 2 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 fl-cn & hz ... ... 
 clear 
 fl-cu & hz ... 
 cu & cu-st ... ... 
 cu & cr-cu ... 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 cu-hor 
 sc-cu, cu-st A hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz & cu 
 cr-hz & en ... 
 
 1 
 4 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 clear 
 sc-cu, cu-st A hz ... 
 cr-st & cr-hz 
 cr-hz & cu ... 
 
 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 
 clear 
 cu & hz' 
 ny-clear ... 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cu & cr ... 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cu & hz ... 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 clear 
 fl-cu & hz ... 
 clear 
 cu & hz 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 EEMAHKS ON THE WEATHEE FOE THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY 1856 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 cr-hz 
 cr-cu & cr-hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 cr&cr-bz ... ... 
 cr, cr-hz & cu 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 cr & cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz & cu 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 cu & hz 
 fl-cu & hz ... . 
 
 31 ny-clear 
 3 leu & cr-hz ... 
 
 
 2 
 
 cu & hz 
 
 2 
 
 cu & or-hz 
 cu, cr-st & cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st & cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu 
 en & cr-bz 
 en, cr-st & hz 
 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 3 
 2 
 
 en & cr-hz ... ... 
 en & cr-hz 
 en & hz ... 
 cu-st, hz 
 fl-cn, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 cu & cr-hz ... 
 cu & cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-st & hz 
 en & hz 
 cu & cr-st ... 
 clear 
 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 cu & cr-hz 
 cu & cr-hz 
 en & hz 
 en & hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 ?, 
 
 fl-cu & hz ... 
 fl-cu & hz ... 
 fl-cu <t hz 
 fl-cu... ... ' 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 en, cr-st & cr-hz ... 
 ^u, cr-st & cr-hz ... 
 Wen & hz ... 
 en & hz 
 en, cr-st & hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 
 en & cr-st 
 ny-clear 
 
 1 
 
 
 fl-cu it hz ... 
 clear 
 
 clear 
 cu, cu-st & cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st & hz 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear, D 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 cr-cn 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear, D 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-st 
 cu & cr-hz ... 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny. clear 
 clear 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear, D 
 fl-cu, cu-st & hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st & cr-hz.. 
 sc-cu 
 cu-hor 
 cr & cr-hz ... 
 
 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 
 thin cr-st,fl-cn & cr-hz 
 fl-cn, cu-st, cr-hz, cr-st 
 fl-cn 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st 
 cr & dense hz 
 
 2 
 4 
 2 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz & en ... 
 cu, cr-st 4 hz 
 cu & cr-hz 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 cr & cr-hz 
 cr & dense hz 
 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz & cu ... 
 en, er-st & hz 
 cr-hz-hor ... 
 clear 
 cr & cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu & cr-hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu & cr-hz 
 fl-cu & hz ... ... 
 clear 
 fl-cn & cr-st 
 cr-st & hz, hi round J 
 cr-cu & cr-hz 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st ... ,^ 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear ... . ... 
 ny-clear 
 cr-cu & cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 cu & cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 fl-cu & nim... 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu & cr-hz 
 fl-cu 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 5 
 2 
 4 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 en, cr-at, cr-cn 
 cr-st, cr-cu & thick hz 
 cr-st, d.hz, cr-cu & cu-st 
 fl-cu 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 sc-cu, cn-st, cr-hz . . . 
 fl-cn & cr-hz 
 cn-st, thick cr-hz . . . 
 cr, cr-st, dense hz ... 
 fl-cn 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 7 
 4 
 1 
 
 en & cr-hz 
 cu & cr-hz ... 
 cn-st, thick cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st & hz 
 fl-cu & hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 5 
 2 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-hz, er-cn 
 fl-cn 
 en, cu-st & cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st & hz 
 fl-cu & cr-hz 
 
 5 
 5 
 7 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu & cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu & hz 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 
 EXPLANATION 0? SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 3 2 S. 
 
 i s s 
 i | $ 
 
 iijiijiiifiiiifiiiiiiiufiiiiiifii 
 
 1 " '5 1 : \ ": ! "? : *; "1 ^ * f ~. *. a . ". ~ . ~ i '3 a S S P. P. S i g % 
 
 1? s g d -J ;= ^ ^ . a = : : bo^sl^'a^^l^-i i i - ^ ;? j J J 
 
 ro a> 
 
 111 s ^ 1 
 
 S -S 3 -P * 
 
 4 s 1 j 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 47 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY 185G 
 
 1 
 P 
 
 13 
 
 00 
 
 ^c 
 p 
 
 14 
 
 55 
 
 09 
 
 g 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 00 
 
 c 
 
 V. 
 
 -3 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 at 
 
 1" 
 
 O 
 
 3 
 
 3O 
 
 ~ 
 
 00 
 
 j? 
 
 CO 
 
 O 
 
 33 
 
 s 
 
 a 
 | 
 
 13 
 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 BO 
 
 81 
 
 cu, cr-st & cr-hz . 
 sc-cn, D 
 ny-clear, D 
 clear, D 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 cu, cu-st cr-hz. 
 sc-cu ... 
 ny-clear 
 cu & hz ... 
 
 ; 4 
 *> 
 
 
 
 : 1 
 
 cu, cu-st & cr-hz .. 
 cu & cu-st 
 sc-cn 
 sc-cu 
 
 5 
 3 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 hy-cu, en 
 cu & cu-st 
 sc-cu 
 sc-cn 
 
 5 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 
 fl-cu & cu-st 
 fl-cu 
 
 BC-CU 
 
 clear 
 
 5 
 4 
 1 
 
 
 fl-cu & cu-st 
 fl-cu 
 
 BC-CU 
 
 cu-hor 
 
 4 
 4 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 125-0 
 134-5 
 134-3 
 134-0 
 135-5 
 139-5 
 140-5 
 135-5 
 134-0 
 129-5 
 134-5 
 135-5 
 133-5 
 132-0 
 127-5 
 134-5 
 138-5 
 134-5 
 125-8 
 119-5 
 126-5 
 134-5 
 130-5 
 132-3 
 140-5 
 131-0 
 140-5 
 136-3 
 124-5 
 130-5 
 131-5 
 
 66-7 
 58-8 
 58-4 
 56-9 
 59-5 
 58-1 
 59-3 
 58-3 
 61-2 
 59-0 
 63-0 
 62-8 
 59-8 
 61-3 
 60-9 
 62-9 
 58-4 
 61-2 
 61-4 
 66-4 
 64-1 
 58-9 
 58-4 
 58-0 
 59-4 
 59-0 
 56-2 
 63-2 
 64-3 
 65-2 
 63-0 
 
 82-2 
 81-7 
 81-7 
 81-7 
 81-3 
 82-1 
 81-8 
 82-3 
 83-2 
 82-8 
 82-7 
 82-4 
 83-0 
 82-6 
 82-3 
 83-4 
 85-9 
 83-7 
 83-8 
 82-0 
 83-6 
 83-8 
 83-6 
 83-3 
 84-8 
 85-0 
 83-7 
 84-1 
 83-8 
 86-0 
 85-5 
 
 72-1 
 67-3 
 66-2 
 64-9 
 66-9 
 649 
 G5-9 
 C6-8 
 68-9 
 67-0 
 G9-0 
 68-4 
 68-4 
 G91 
 68-0 
 68-0 
 67-3 
 66-6 
 69-5 
 72-7 
 72-4 
 WO 
 67-2 
 60-3 
 67-0 
 65-5 
 67-2 
 G9-6 
 71-4 
 70-7 
 73-7 
 
 clear, D 
 cu, cr-hz, D 
 clear, D 
 fl-cn, D 
 cu-hor, D 
 cu & cr-hz 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 q 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 ny-clear 
 er & cr-st 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cu-st & cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-st & cr-hz. 
 cu & cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cn-st & cr-hz . 
 cu, cr, cr-st & hz . 
 en, cr-cu & cr-hz.. 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 cu... 
 clear 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 sc-cu 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 clear .;. 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 3 
 2 
 4 
 7 
 
 cu, D 
 cu, hy-cu... 
 sc-cu 
 cu, cr, cr-st 
 
 2 
 6 
 3 
 5 
 
 sc-cu 
 cu, hy-cu 
 hy-cn, fl-cn, nim. 
 cu, cr, cr-st 
 
 4 
 1 
 5 
 6 
 
 fl-cn 
 fl-cu 
 
 cu & cu-st 
 cu, cu-st & hz ... 
 
 cu-hor, D 
 clear, D 
 cu,cu-st&cr-hz,D 
 cu & cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz, D ... 
 clear ... 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 6 
 2 
 
 
 cu, cu-st & cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-hz & nim 
 
 eu, cu-st & cr-hz . 
 cu & cr-hz 
 clear 
 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 
 
 cu, cu-st & cr-hz . 
 cu, cr-hz 4 cr-st .. 
 cu t cu-st, cr-cu & cr-hz 
 cu & cr-hz 
 cu & cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 cu, cu-st & cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-hz & cr-st.. 
 cu, cu-st, cr 
 fl-cu 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 4 
 3 
 7 
 2 
 
 
 
 cu, cu-st & cr-hz.' 
 cr, cr-hz, fl-cu ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 fl-cu & hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 5 
 
 
 
 en &, hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz & cu ... 
 cu, cr.hz & cr ... 
 cu & hz ... 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 3 
 
 
 
 cov.w 
 cu & 
 cu & 
 fl-cu 
 
 CU CI 
 CU, C] 
 
 ith cu & cr-hz 
 cr-cu 
 hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st & cr-hz. 
 cu & cr-hz 
 ou & cr-hz 
 fl-cu ... 
 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 1 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st & cr-hz . 
 cu, cu-st & cr-hz . 
 en & cr-hz-hor ... 
 cu & cr-st 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st & cr-hz 
 cr-cu & cr-hz 
 
 8 
 5 
 2 
 1 
 5 
 1 
 
 ny overcast 
 sc-cu, cu-st & cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu 
 cu, cr-cu,cr-st & cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu & cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 4 
 
 ny- overcast 
 sc-cu, cu-st & cr-hz . 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr & cr-st 
 cr-st & cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu & cr-hz. 
 
 8 
 5 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 
 overcast ... 
 cu & cr-hz 
 en & hz 
 It-cu, cr-st & hz... 
 or & cr-hz 
 cu & cr-hz 
 
 8 
 5 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 
 -hz, D ... 
 
 & cr-hz, D 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu, cr & cr-hz... 
 cu & cr-hz 
 
 clear 
 sc-cu 
 fl-cu 
 cu & 
 cu & 
 
 '& hz '.'.'. 
 cr-hz, D... 
 cr-hz 
 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 fl-cu 
 cu, cu-st & cr-hz. 
 fl-cu & hz 
 cu & cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz & cr-st. 
 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st & cr-hz .. 
 sc-cu 
 3-cu, ou-st & cr-hz. 
 cu, cu-st, er-cu & cr-hz 
 cu, cn-st & cr-hz... 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st & cr-hz.. 
 hy-cu, cu 
 fl-cu, cu-st & cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu&cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st & cr-hz .. 
 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st & cr-hz. 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st & hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st & cr-hz . 
 cu. cn-st & cr-hz . 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 clear 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 en & cr-hz 
 cu & cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY 1856 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 3O 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 cr-hz, D 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cr&cr-h/c, D 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-st & cr-hz... 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st & cr-hz. 
 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-cu & cr-hz.. 
 
 4 
 
 ou, cr-cu & cr-hz.. 
 
 3 
 
 124-5 
 130-5 
 127-5 
 127-5 
 124-5 
 130-0 
 128-1 
 124-2 
 132-5 
 137-8 
 127-3 
 130-0 
 121-1 
 121-0 
 128-2 
 127-5 
 125-5 
 123-5 
 121-0 
 128-0 
 127-5 
 131-0 
 130-3 
 131-5 
 119-9 
 128-0 
 122-9 
 123-1 
 126-0 
 
 65-8 
 70-2 
 68-9 
 65-9 
 68-5 
 66-7 
 67-5 
 67-3 
 64-0 
 60-5 
 66-5 
 66-0 
 59-9 
 56-9 
 59-0 
 58-8 
 59-9 
 60-5 
 64-0 
 63-3 
 57-4 
 59-0 
 58-8 
 59-8 
 70-6 
 66-6 
 66-5 
 64-8 
 63-3 
 
 85-6 
 85-2 
 85-0 
 86-2 
 85-4 
 85-1 
 84-7 
 84-7 
 84-8 
 86-0 
 87-5 
 87-9 
 85-7 
 86-9 
 87-2 
 87-3 
 84-6 
 84-9 
 81-6 
 85-2 
 84-4 
 84-1 
 84-1 
 85-4 
 86-4 
 87-2 
 87-8 
 85-9 
 86-5 
 
 71-8 
 74-5 
 741 
 73-3 
 73-4 
 72-2 
 73-3 
 75-1 
 71-1 
 71-3 
 70-7 
 71-0 
 69-8 
 68-1 
 66-9 
 68-3 
 68-1 
 71-2 
 72-2 
 70-4 
 67-0 
 67-0 
 66-6 
 68-5 
 78-0 
 73-3 
 73-2 
 71-2 
 71-3 
 
 cu & cr-hz 
 cu, cr & cr-hz ... 
 cu & hz 
 sc-cu ... 
 cu & cr-hz 
 clear ... 
 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 fl-cu & cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st & hz 
 cu-hor... 
 fl-cu & hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz & 
 fl-cu & nim [Nim 
 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-cu & hz ... 
 
 fl-cu & thi-cr-hz... 
 fl-cu & nim 
 cu, cu-st & hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu 
 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 
 9-cu & nim 
 fl-cu & nim 
 fl-cu & nim 
 fl-cu & cu-st 
 fl-cu & cu-st 
 fl-eu 
 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu & nim 
 cu & cr-hz 
 sc-cu & cr hz 
 fl-cu & hz 
 fl-cu & cr-st, hz 
 fl-cu 
 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 1 
 
 cu & cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st &er-hz... 
 sc-cu & cr-hz 
 fl-cu & hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-st f hz 
 clear 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 cu & hz 
 cu & hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cu-st & hz... 
 ny-clear, D ... 
 ny-clear, D ... 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 cu & cr-cu 
 sc-cu 
 cu, cn-st & cr-hz. 
 ny-clear, D 
 ny-clear, D 
 ny-clear, D 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 fl-cu 
 ny-clear ... 
 sc-cu 
 sc-cu 
 ny-clear ...' 
 clear 
 
 G 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 
 
 fl-cu 
 sc-cu 
 clear 
 sc-cu 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cn 
 fl-cu 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear, D 
 fl-cn & hz 
 cu, cr& cr-hz... 
 sc-cu, D 
 ny-clear, D 
 cr, cr-hz, D ... 
 
 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 cu & cr-hz, D... 
 fl-cu & hz 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz & 
 cu & hz [nim 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr & cr-hz... 
 
 2 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 fl-cu & nim 
 sc-cu 
 ny-clear ... 
 cr & cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 a 
 
 7 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 sc-cu 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz... 
 fl-cu & nim 
 sc-cu 
 ny-clear 
 cr & dense hz ... 
 
 2 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 thin cr-st & fl-cu ... 
 fi-cu,cu-st, cr-hz, cr-st 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu 
 ny -clear,thin cr-st 
 cr, <l-hz, cr-st, cr-cu 
 [hi 
 
 2 
 5 
 4 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 thin cr-st <fe fl-cu... 
 fl-cu,cu-st,cr-hz, cr-st 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu 
 cr-st 
 cr, d-hz, cr-st ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 cu & cr-hz 
 sc-cu 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr & cr-hz... 
 fl-cu & cr-hz ... 
 fl-cn 
 
 2 
 2 
 5 
 2 
 4 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 sc-cu & hz 
 cu, cr & cr-hz... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 fl-cu & cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu ... 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 1 
 
 uy-clear ... 
 fl-cn 
 fl-cn & nim 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr & cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu 
 
 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 
 fl-cu 
 hy-cu & nim 
 fl-cu & nim 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu & cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 fl-cu 
 cu & cr-st 
 cr, cr-st, hz & en... 
 cu, dense cr-st, hz. 
 fl-cu, cr-st & hz ... 
 fl-cu & cn-st 
 
 1 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 4 
 
 fl-cu 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st, hz & cu.. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz. 
 fl-cu, cr-st & hz ... 
 se-cu 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 1 
 3 
 
 EXPLANATION OP SYMBOI/S 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 8 3 
 
 !> '3 S. 
 
 1 o 3 o 
 
 1 1 1 . $ 
 
48 
 
 MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF MARCH 1856 
 
 Date 
 
 jottingen Mean Time 
 
 \oov 
 
 Cloudy sky in8ths| 
 
 9 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths] 
 
 4 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 O 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8tliE 
 
 8 
 
 g 
 a 
 
 5 
 # 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 |Cloudyskyin8th 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 80-CU 
 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 ny.clear ... ... 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear :.. 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 "6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cn, hz ... ... 
 clear 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 fl-cu, or, dense hz... 
 or, cr-hz ... .. 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr, thick cr-hz 
 
 5 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, hz 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 cu-hor 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear ... . 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cu, thick hz 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear, It-hz 
 clear 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (i 
 I 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 clear 
 
 cu, or-hz 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 cu 
 hy-cu, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 3 
 4 
 
 cr, cr-hz, st 
 ny-clear 
 clear -. 
 ny-clear 
 sc-cu ... 
 sc-cu 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 clear, 
 uy-clear 
 ny-clear '... 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 fl-ou 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 ] 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 cu-st 
 clear 
 fl-cu 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz 
 fl-ou 
 cr 
 fl-cn, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 sc-cu, hz 
 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 1 
 
 en, cr, or-hz 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz, en 
 cr, cr-hz, st.. . 
 
 1 
 4 
 1 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 
 clear 
 
 It-cu, cr, cr-st, hz, hi ) 
 cr-st cr-cn, hz 
 ou, eu-st, cr-st, IgS W 
 cr, cr-cn, nim 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 7 
 4 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear 
 uy-clear,afew cr, cr-st 
 ny- overcast 
 en, cr-cu, cr-st 
 cu, hz 
 
 2 
 
 
 8 
 3 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-st, cr-hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st 
 cu-st 
 
 a 
 a 
 i 
 
 5 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 fl-cn 
 fl-cn, cr-st, hz 
 It-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, cr-hz 
 fl-en, cr-cu 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 
 
 cu-st W-hor 
 cu, hz 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cu 
 cr-st, hz ... ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr-et, hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 fl-cn, cr, cr-hz 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 
 2 
 1 
 3 
 3 
 
 clear, cu-st W-hor ... 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, thick cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, dense hz ... 
 cr-hz, cr-cn... 
 fl-cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 clear ... 
 cu 
 
 dense hz, cr-st 
 cr-st, thick hz 
 haze 
 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 ] 
 4 
 
 cn-hor ... ... 
 cu, cr-cu ... 
 cr-st, thick cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz . ... 
 cr-hz 
 fl-ou ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 4 
 1 
 3 
 
 "3 
 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 cr, cr-hz, en 
 
 6 
 
 It-en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 cr-st, thick cr-hz, cu 
 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF APRIL 1856 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 cr, cr-st, fl-cu 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, h 
 ny-clear 
 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st-hor, It-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-st, cr-hz 
 or-st, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 3 
 1 
 
 
 cu-st, Ig S W 
 cu-st-hor, It-hz 
 cu, thick cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 It-hz 
 
 2 
 1 
 3 
 
 
 
 cu, hz, Ig S... 
 cu, cr-hz ... ... 
 cu, hz 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 en, hz 
 ny-clear ,. 
 cr, cr-hz ... '..., 
 clear 
 ny.clear 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 sc-cu 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, cr 
 clear 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz ... ... 
 ny-clear 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu-st, nim, viv-lg S & E 
 cr, cr-hz, st.. [hoi 
 cr, thick hz... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz, D 
 ny-clear 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 cr-et, cr-hz 
 thick cr-hz... ... 
 cr-st, thick hz 
 cr-ou, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-at, hz 
 
 
 1 
 3 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, dense hz 
 thick cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr, dense hz 
 thick cr-hz ... 
 cr-hz 
 cu-hor, Ig S 
 
 
 2 
 5 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 cr-hz 
 thick hz 
 cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cu, It-hz 
 
 
 
 1 
 7 
 4 
 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 thick cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear 
 en, cu-st ... ... 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 
 cr, cr-it, ny-ol S fc W-hor with 
 hy-ru..t & nim 
 
 cu-st W 8 W-hor 
 ny-cloar 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 5 
 4 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 ny- overcast 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, IgN W.. 
 ou 
 cu, hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 7 
 5 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 ny-overcast 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, hz, IgN W 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 7 
 2 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 overcast 
 cr-st, It-cu 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear 
 fl-cu 
 clear 
 
 s 
 a 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 Q 
 
 cu, cr, cr-st 
 cr, thick cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cuj cr-cu, D 
 fl-cu 
 clear 
 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 
 clear ... ,. 
 clear ... ... 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cn, thick hz 
 cr, thick cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 ( 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 thin cr-st, hz 
 cr-cd, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 ny-overcast, nim ... 
 
 
 
 4 
 4 
 1 
 7 
 
 ny-clear, a few cr-st in 
 cr-st hz 
 thick cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st, dense hz... 
 
 
 1 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cr-hz, cu 
 cr-at, hz 
 cr, cr-st 
 cr, cr-st, dense hz .... 
 
 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 1 
 4 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr-cu, cr-st, dense hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st 
 cr, cr-st, dense hz ... 
 
 
 
 5 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 cr, cr-st 
 cr, cr-hz, thick hz .. 
 cr, cr-st, dense hz .. 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 
 clear 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-overcast, nim .. 
 cr, cr-hz, st... 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 ovt, nim, It-R, th... 
 cr-hz, cr, cu 
 er-cu, cr-st, cu 
 
 8 
 5 
 3 
 
 overcast 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, Ig N W... 
 cu, cr-hz, Ig S 
 
 8 
 4 
 6 
 
 overcast 
 cu-st, hz, Ig W 
 overcast, Ig S W ... 
 
 8 
 3 
 8 
 
 ny-clear 
 cr, cr-st, d-hz, Ig NW 
 overcast 
 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 cr, cr-hz, st 
 cu, cr-st, dense hz .. 
 cr, cr-hz, st 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVB 
 TABLE 
 
 ,-!i . 
 
 > 3 > 
 
 3 fc 3 
 
 1 1 1 \ 1 1 1 1 1 , ! 1 1 1 r 4 1 1 1 it | ! ! 1 1 1 
 
 S "3 ' u^-a^-OotS-Sw-Sf-^-a^ja ~ Sflooo 
 :: 8 :-. = :::: j ::: j :::' f : 
 
 1 : s!'geJ'J--l4pi.si>si.a i.&sJ.S^JS'-lizil&^l 
 
 S 
 
 I 1 1 
 . s tali 
 
 11-8 tf S * 
 
 t||i!| 
 
 * a : 3 > -i 
 
 t(- .5 -2 3 <* a 
 . p. S 8 g g -g 
 
 8, It t co 2" -S 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 49 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF MARCH 1856 
 
 
 13 
 
 I- 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 | 
 
 
 ,J3 
 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 1 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 
 = 
 
 
 .5 
 
 
 .5 
 
 
 .5 
 
 
 z 
 
 
 .3 
 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 ID 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 CC 
 
 18 
 
 1 
 
 30 
 
 1" 
 
 >. 
 
 33 
 
 j? 
 
 to 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 
 5 
 e 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 _0 
 
 
 1 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 B 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 126'7 
 
 64'8 
 
 86'5 
 
 70'7 
 
 2 
 
 cucr 
 
 st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz .. 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr, dense hz ... 
 
 5 
 
 fl-cu, en, denae hz. 
 
 4 
 
 128-0 
 
 677 
 
 87-7 
 
 74-1 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, 
 
 cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 fl cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-hz, st 
 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 1 
 
 128-5 
 
 64-0 
 
 85-7 
 
 72-4 
 
 4 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 sc-cn, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 122-0 
 
 64-4 
 
 85-8 
 
 69-3 
 
 5 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 121-3 
 
 63-8 
 
 84-7 
 
 70-1 
 
 6 
 
 uy-clear 
 
 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 
 ou, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 119-2 
 
 65-8 
 
 84-6 
 
 70-1 
 
 7 
 
 sc-cu 
 
 cr-hz 
 
 '3 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-hz, st 
 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-hz, st 
 
 3 
 
 123-0 
 
 60-6 
 
 85-3 
 
 68-3 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 127'0 
 
 63-2 
 
 87'1 
 
 G8-5 
 
 9 
 
 cr-cu 
 
 cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz . 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, hz .., 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 120-0 
 
 66-2 
 
 87-6 
 
 72-0 
 
 10 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 ny-clear,or-st... 
 
 
 
 cu, cu-at, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 sc-cu 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear .. 
 
 
 
 116-3 
 
 66-1 
 
 88-0 
 
 72-5 
 
 11 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 cu,hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz . 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 121-0 
 
 68-6 
 
 88-2 
 
 74-9 
 
 12 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 cu, cu-st, or-hz .. 
 
 5 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 116-0 
 
 67-3 
 
 87-6 
 
 74-2 
 
 13 
 
 cr-st, 
 
 cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 hy-cu ... 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 cu-hor 
 
 1 
 
 sc-cu, hz ... 
 
 1 
 
 115-5 
 
 72-0 
 
 87-6 
 
 74-7 
 
 14 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 8 
 
 hy-ou, cn-st ... 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 cu, en-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 sc-cu 
 
 3 
 
 cu-hor 
 
 2 
 
 128-0 
 
 70-5 
 
 87-4 
 
 72-6 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 117-5 
 
 71-5 
 
 90-1 
 
 74-0 
 
 16 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz. 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz . 
 
 4 
 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cn 
 
 3 
 
 cu-hor 
 
 2 
 
 sc-cu, hz ... 
 
 1 
 
 111-3 
 
 71-2 
 
 88-7 
 
 74-8 
 
 17 
 
 fl-cu, 
 
 cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 fl-ou, cu-st 
 
 2 
 
 sc-cu, er-hz 
 
 3 
 
 sc-cn, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu-hor 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 116-8 
 
 71-2 
 
 89-4 
 
 74-6 
 
 18 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 clear ... 
 
 
 
 BC-OU, cu-st, hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 ac-cu, cn-st, hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-hz ;.. 
 
 2 
 
 cu-hor 
 
 1 
 
 132-0 
 
 72-0 
 
 89-4 
 
 75-8 
 
 19 
 
 fl-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 
 8 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 or-st, hz... 
 
 2 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 120-0 
 
 73-4 
 
 90-8 
 
 76-2 
 
 30 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr- 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr.cu, hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 or-cu, cu, cu-st . . . 
 
 6 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 SC-('U 
 
 1 
 
 cu-hor 
 
 2 
 
 121-7 
 
 740 
 
 92-1 
 
 77-5 
 
 21 
 
 cr, cr-hz [h z 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 3 
 
 cu-W-hor 
 
 1 
 
 cu-VV-hor 
 
 1 
 
 118-0 
 
 73-0 
 
 69-9 
 
 77-2 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 123-1 
 
 73-5 
 
 91-8 
 
 76-7 
 
 23 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 cu-hor... 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 4 
 
 cu 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 119-8 
 
 74-0 
 
 91-8 
 
 77-0 
 
 24 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 o 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 121-0 
 
 70-4 
 
 93-7 
 
 73-9 
 
 25 
 
 en, cr-cu, hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu. 
 
 5 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 cr-hz 
 
 1 
 
 cr-st, hz, cr-hz ... 
 
 T 
 
 cr-st, hz, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 115-2 
 
 71-4 
 
 88-7 
 
 74-4 
 
 26 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr, cr-st ... 
 
 4 
 
 cu,hy-cn... 
 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 120-7 
 
 70-1 
 
 88-4 
 
 73-3 
 
 27 
 
 fl-cu, 
 
 cr-at, hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-st 
 
 6 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 or, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-hz, st 
 
 3 
 
 120-0 
 
 68-2 
 
 88-3 
 
 72-8 
 
 28 
 
 cr-st, 
 
 cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz . 
 
 2 
 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 
 cu, er, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 119-2 
 
 71-0 
 
 90-0 
 
 74-1 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 117-7 
 
 71-2 
 
 89-1 
 
 74-1 
 
 to 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz . 
 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 116-0 
 
 72-6 
 
 89-5 
 
 75-8 
 
 31 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz .. 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 cr-str, cr-cn, cu . 
 
 4 
 
 cr-st, cr-cn, en ... 
 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-st, fl-cu 
 
 3 
 
 123-5 
 
 67-5 
 
 89-2 
 
 77-3 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF APRIL 1856 
 
 1 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 
 I 
 
 cr-st, cr, cu ... 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cn, on-t, hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 so-cn, cr-st 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 123-1 
 
 76-2 
 
 91-6 
 
 80-2 
 
 2 
 
 cr-st, 
 
 en 
 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-hz, thi-cr-st 
 
 6 
 
 cr, cr-cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ,.. 
 
 3 
 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 122-7 
 
 73'3 
 
 92-4 
 
 77-4 
 
 3 
 
 cr-st, 
 
 cr 
 
 2 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st ... 
 
 4 
 
 cr-st, dense hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 cr, st, dense hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 132-7 
 
 75-3 
 
 94-4 
 
 79-3 
 
 4 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 cr-st, cu .. 
 
 1 
 
 cr-et, cu 
 
 1 
 
 119-5 
 
 72-8 
 
 91-5 
 
 77-7 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 124-5 
 
 74-3 
 
 92'6 
 
 757 
 
 6 
 
 hz dimly cov, fl-cu- 
 
 a 
 
 cu, cr-hz, nim... 
 
 8 
 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 ny-olear ... 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 125-0 
 
 73-5 
 
 95-3 
 
 78-2 
 
 7 
 
 clear 
 
 ... 
 
 a 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 ny-olear, hz 
 
 
 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 115-3 
 
 76-0 
 
 92-5 
 
 78-0 
 
 6- 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 fl-cu, hz 
 
 3 
 
 ny-clear ... v .. 
 
 
 
 cr-hz 
 
 1 
 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 122-3 
 
 78-1 
 
 93-4 
 
 80-4 
 
 9 
 
 clear 
 
 
 o 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, hz, ny-ovt... 
 
 6 
 
 fl-cn, hz, hi ard 
 
 G 
 
 cr-st, thick hz ... 
 
 
 
 cr-st, thick hz ... 
 
 5 
 
 123-5 
 
 78-0 
 
 93-2 
 
 81-3 
 
 10 
 
 er, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 er, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-hz .. 
 
 4 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 
 (i 
 
 er-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 
 5 
 
 121-1 
 
 77-0 
 
 91-9 
 
 77-5 
 
 11 
 
 fl-cn 
 
 
 1 
 
 ou, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 or, ou-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cr-st, cr ... 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cr-st, cr ... 
 
 3 
 
 120-8 
 
 75-7 
 
 92-2 
 
 79-2 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 126-5 
 
 78-0 
 
 93-3 
 
 79-3 
 
 13 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st... 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cn-at, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 122-3 
 
 78-0 
 
 94-3 
 
 81-7 
 
 14 
 
 cu-it, oi 
 
 m, hi, riv-lg S & 
 
 6 
 
 ny-overcast ... 
 
 6 
 
 overcast ... 
 
 8 
 
 en, cn-st, cr-cu, hz 
 
 5 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-cu, hz 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 139-2 
 
 78-1 
 
 94-6 
 
 79-2 
 
 15 
 
 ny-clear cej "" 
 
 
 
 cr, or-st, hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-st, or-hz .. 
 
 2 
 
 sc-cu 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 2 
 
 144-3 
 
 75-8 
 
 95-9 
 
 79-3 
 
 16 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 1 
 
 120-5 
 
 75-6 
 
 93-3 
 
 79-1 
 
 17 
 
 cn-st 
 
 cr-at 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 fl-cn 
 
 4 
 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 cu-hor 
 
 1 
 
 cu-hor 
 
 1 
 
 122-9 
 
 74-4 
 
 91-9 
 
 76-1 
 
 18 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear, fl-cu ... 
 
 
 
 cu-hor 
 
 1 
 
 cu-hor 
 
 1 
 
 121-2 
 
 72-0 
 
 91-8 
 
 75-8 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 122-0 
 
 74-3 
 
 92-0 
 
 77-1 
 
 30 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 sc-cu 
 
 2 
 
 cu-hor 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 117-5 
 
 78-0 
 
 94-3 
 
 79-1 
 
 21 
 
 cu-hor... 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 2 
 
 sc-cu 
 
 2 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 112-4 
 
 77-2 
 
 92-6 
 
 SO-9 
 
 22 
 
 cu, cr-st-hor ... 
 
 2 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 ac-cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 2 
 
 cu, thick st 
 
 3 
 
 114-5 
 
 77-6 
 
 92-6 
 
 80-3 
 
 23 
 
 cr, thick cr-hz.. 
 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-st cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-on, cr-et, hz 
 
 6 
 
 en, cr-cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz .. 
 
 4 
 
 127-3 
 
 77-4 
 
 95-5 
 
 81-2 
 
 2-1 
 
 cr-st 
 
 
 2 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st 
 
 5 
 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 
 2 
 
 cr-at, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 sc-cu, cr-ha 
 
 1 
 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 
 119-1 
 
 78-3 
 
 94-1 
 
 81-8 
 
 25 
 
 cr-st, 
 
 hz '.'.. 
 
 1 
 
 fl-cu, cr, cr hz... 
 
 4 
 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 cu, or-hz... 
 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 134-5 
 
 80-3 
 
 95-5 
 
 82-5 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 123-9 
 
 76-0 
 
 94-5 
 
 79-3 
 
 27 
 
 cr-st 
 
 
 1 
 
 fl-cu, hz 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, hz 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 
 5 
 
 136-7 
 
 77-5 
 
 93-5 
 
 81-8 
 
 28 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 fl-cu, nim [hz 
 
 6 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 
 4 
 
 sc-cu, cn-st, cr-hz. 
 
 4 
 
 ao-cu cn-st, cr-hz. 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 
 5 
 
 139-5 
 
 73-6 
 
 91-5 
 
 75-8 
 
 29 
 
 thi cr-st,hz,ny-ovt 
 
 6 
 
 thi-cr-st, cr-cu, cr- 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, 'hz 
 
 4 
 
 en, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 ci-cu, ci-st, cu 
 
 2 
 
 144-2 
 
 76-5 
 
 93-6 
 
 78-7 
 
 30 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr- hz.. 
 
 4 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 cr, cr-st, or-hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 
 6 
 
 143-0 
 
 75"5 
 
 95-8 
 
 79-5 
 
 
 
 oi ^U 
 
 I. 
 
 | tj 
 
 a * 
 
 >> 3 * 
 
 El 
 
 g o g g 
 
 *mm 
 
 a 3 
 
 g .. >> 
 
 ~0 .5 
 
 
 k IS <M M it T3 
 
 BBS 
 
 l.iil a 1 -i I ; 1 1 t i S a a & 1 i . * I a 1 * 1 1 -a * : * 
 
 
 
 ! 1 i 1 1 J I ] 1 r 1 1 1 E f 1 1 i 1 ft I i 1 1 1 1 -1 1 1 i 1 1 1:1 1 :1 1 T 1 1 
 
 gg 
 
 ca . 5 -3 -a r^ ,3 ^ <B 4j 4jf 4j w ,3 .a .c , ,2 -3 ~ g a a a o o p. & < S 1 *! *: ". - 
 
 M 
 
 H 
 
 ^ * J . j 1 2. 1 1 i i! ' H 1 i J ; c i J : M ^ i : = ^ ! 
 
 S "3 S gP-o'S^W.H'^.cii t c '32'3*fZ S fc 'S coo a a, tf ico "S "8 3 3 > : fc 
 
 13 
 
50 
 
 MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 1856 
 
 
 
 7*. 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 33 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 Jottingen Mean Time 
 
 a 
 
 
 o, 
 
 
 .5 
 
 
 .2 
 
 
 Js 
 
 
 .9 
 ^. 
 
 Date 
 
 
 ~^i* 
 
 55 
 
 (E 
 
 4 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 % 
 
 1O 
 
 "in 
 
 
 m ' j t i k ^ 
 
 i, t 
 
 
 >> 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 >-, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 g 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 -> 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 JO 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 _o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 en, cu-st, ci-hz 
 
 E 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st,nim,lg NW 
 
 6 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st, hz, nim, 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-kz,fr-lg NW 
 
 8 
 
 cu, oi, ei-hz, fr-lg N. 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 overcast 
 
 8 
 
 ovt, IgSW 
 
 8 
 
 ovt, Ig S ...[&SW 
 
 8 
 
 ovt, Ig SW [Ig SW 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cn-st, ci-hz, Ig SW- 
 
 B 
 
 ci, en, ci-hz... ... 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 ci-cu, ci-hz, ci 
 
 a 
 
 eu, ci-hz, nim, Ig A 
 
 5 
 
 cu, ci-hz, nim, sh-lg 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-st, hz ... 
 
 6 
 
 en, cu-st, ci-hz 
 
 4 
 
 cu, ci-hz 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 [thNW 
 
 
 [SW 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 cu-st, W-hor 
 
 1 
 
 thi-eu-st, IgN W-hor 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, fr-viv-lg NW 
 
 3 
 
 cn-st, cu, Ig SW ... 
 
 3 
 
 en, ci-st, hz 
 
 8 
 
 cu, ci-hz 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 cu-st, nim, cu, ci-8t, dia- 
 
 E 
 
 cu-st, ci-hz, nim ... 
 
 5 
 
 cu-st, nim,lgNW ... 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cu-st, sh-lg W ... 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 
 1! 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 cu-st, hz ... [thW 
 
 2 
 
 cu-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear ,cu-st,lg NW 
 
 
 
 cu, hz, Ig S & W ... 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz, fr-lg 
 
 2 
 
 cu, ci-hz, sh.lg NW..; 2 
 
 8 
 
 ci-st, ci-hz, cu-st, nim 
 
 B 
 
 en, cn-st, nim, Ig NW 
 
 6 
 
 ny-ovt, nim, Ig W ... 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz, Ig .. 
 
 6 
 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz [SW 
 
 4 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 ci-st, en, nim 
 
 4 
 
 cu-st, ci-hz... 
 
 2 
 
 ny-clear, ci-st W-hor 
 
 
 
 cu, ci-hz ... ... 
 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 1 
 
 cu, ci-hz 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 ci-st, cu-st, nim ... 
 
 2 
 
 cu, ci-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 cu, ei-st, hz, Ig SW . 
 
 1 
 
 cu, ci-cu, Ig W 
 
 3 
 
 cu, ci-hz, Ig W 
 
 2 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 ci-cu, ci-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 c, ei-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 sc-cu, ci-hz 
 
 2 
 
 ci-st, ci 
 
 2 
 
 ci-st, ci, Ig NW 
 
 1 
 
 ci-st, ci-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz, nim 
 
 3 
 
 cu-st, ci-st, hz, Ig W. 
 
 3 
 
 ci-st, hz, Ig NW 
 
 2 
 
 ci-st, hz, Ig NW ... 
 
 2 
 
 ci, ci-hz, Ig SW .. 
 
 2 
 
 ny-olear, Ig SW 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 ci-cu, ci-hz, cu-st, th- 
 
 K 
 
 cu-st, ci-st, hz, Ig W 
 
 3 
 
 ci-cu, dense hz, Ig W 
 
 7 
 
 ci-cu, dense hz, Ig W 
 
 7 
 
 fl-cu, nim,dis-th, sh-lg 
 
 7 
 
 n-cu,nim, th&lgNE 
 
 7 
 
 16 
 
 overcast ... [NW 
 
 B 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 
 ci-cu, ci-hz ... ... 
 
 5 
 
 ci-cu, thi-ci-hz 
 
 5 
 
 eu, ci-hz, ci-st [NE 
 
 ;} 
 
 ci, ci-hz, cu... 
 
 3 
 
 17 
 
 cn-st, ci-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 cu-st, ci-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 ci-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 ci-hz, ci-st 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci-hz,nim 
 
 4 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 IS 
 
 ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 cu, ci-st, thi-ci-hz ... 
 
 6 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 
 ovt, R, th 
 
 8 
 
 9O 
 
 ovt 
 
 S 
 
 ovt 
 
 a 
 
 ovt ... ... .. 
 
 8 
 
 ovt, R 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 B 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 S 
 
 21 
 
 ovt, R 
 
 S 
 
 ovt, R, Ig E 
 
 8 
 
 ovt, Ig E 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 B 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 22 
 
 hy-cu, nim, thi-ci-hz 
 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 cu, thi-ci-hz 
 
 5 
 
 en, thi-ci-hz 
 
 5 
 
 ci, thi-ci-hz... 
 
 7 
 
 ci, thi-ci-hz... 
 
 4 
 
 23 
 
 ci, ci-hz 
 
 2 
 
 cu-st, ci-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 cu, hz, R ... 
 
 4 
 
 cu, ci-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 
 4 
 
 en, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 
 5 
 
 24 
 
 en, cn-st, ci-hz, nim 
 
 5 
 
 cu-st, ci-hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu-st, ci-hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cn-st, nim 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim, ny-ovt . 
 
 7 
 
 ovt,cn,ci-cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 8 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 cu, ci-cu, thi-ci-hz,st 
 
 (i 
 
 fl-cu, ci-st, hz 
 
 6 
 
 fl-cu, ci-st, hz 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, ci-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 
 8 
 
 cu, ci-eu, ci, ei-hz ... 
 
 6 
 
 27 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 
 7 
 
 cu, ci-hz, nim 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 6 
 
 en, cu-st, hz, Ig N ... 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 
 c, 
 
 ci-cu, ci-hz 
 
 7 
 
 28 
 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 
 fi 
 
 cu-st, ci-st, dense hz. 
 
 4 
 
 ny-ovt, R, Ig SE ... 
 
 5 
 
 fl-cu. ou-st,ci-hz,nim , 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz, nim 
 
 4 
 
 en, ci-st, ci-hz 
 
 3 
 
 29 
 
 ei-cn, ci, ci-hz 
 
 7 
 
 ci-cu, ci-hz 
 
 T 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 cu, dense hz [Ig SE 
 
 6 
 
 eu, ci-eu, d-hz 
 
 i 
 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 ci, ci-hz, cu 
 
 7 
 
 ci-st, en, dense hz ... 
 
 7 
 
 ci-st, on, dense hz... 
 
 6 
 
 ci-st, cu, dense hz... 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-st, d-hz . 
 
 (i 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-st, d-hz. 
 
 5 
 
 31 
 
 hy-cu, ci-st, hz, r-b.. 
 
 7 
 
 cn-st, ci-st, hz 
 
 6 
 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 
 6 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 
 cu, ci-hz 
 
 3 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1856 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cn, cu-st, hz 
 
 a 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 6 
 
 en, cn-st ... ... 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cn-st-hz 
 
 5 
 
 cu, cn-st, ci 
 
 5 
 
 en, cu-st, ci-hz 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ei-hz ... 
 
 6 
 
 fl-cu,nim,R--. 
 
 7 
 
 cu, nim, It-R 
 
 8 
 
 en, cr 
 
 4 
 
 eu, cu-st, ci-st 
 
 5 
 
 cu, ci-hz ... ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 on, thi-ci-hz 
 
 6 
 
 fl-cu,thi-ci-hz, IgSW 
 
 6 
 
 en, hz, Ig S 
 
 4 
 
 cu, ci-st, d-hz, Ig S.. 
 
 5 
 
 cu, ci, ci-hz... 
 
 6 
 
 cu, ci-st, hz 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 cu, d-hz 
 
 6 
 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 thi-ci-hz,cu,sh-lgNW 
 cu, ci-hz 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 ny-ovt, Ig N 
 cu, cu-st, hz,nim,lg N 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt, Ig SE 
 cu,cu-st,hz,nim,IgNW 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt, viv-sh-lg SE 
 cu, eu-st, ci-cu, d-hz 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 cu, eu-st, dense hz... 
 
 7 
 
 eu, cu-st, dense hz... 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 hy-cu, cu-st, nim ... 
 
 8 
 
 cu, nim, ci-hz 
 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 cu, dense ci-hz 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, nim ... 
 
 7 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, nim ... 
 
 7 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, nim ... 
 
 7 
 
 cu, ci-cn, hz 
 
 6 
 
 cu, ci-hz 
 
 4 
 
 cu ci-hz 
 
 3 
 
 1O 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, nim 
 
 6 
 
 ny-ovt, nim, Ig NW 
 
 8 
 
 ny-ovt, nim, Ig NW.. 
 
 8 
 
 hy-cu, hz, Ig NE ... 
 
 6 
 
 ovt, IgNW 
 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 en, cn-st, nim 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 
 8 
 
 hy-cn,ci-cu,ci,hz,nim 
 
 8 
 
 ci, dense ci-hz 
 
 5 
 
 en, ci-st, hz... 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st,ci-hz,nim 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 
 6 
 
 en, cu-st, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 
 6 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 
 6 
 
 cu, ci-cu hz nim ... 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 15 
 
 fl-cn, nim ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st,nim,dis-th 
 
 1 
 8 
 
 cu, nim 
 fl-cn, nim, It-R 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 cu, cu-st, hz, nim ... 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 en, cn-st, dense hz... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 cu, ci-cu, dense hz... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 cu, ci-cu, dense hz... 
 en, ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 80 
 21 
 22 
 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 cu in horizon 
 cu, ci-hz 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 (i 
 5 
 B 
 
 4 
 
 S 
 
 B 
 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 cu, ci-hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, ci-cu, st 
 ovt 
 ovt ... 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 
 en, ci-hz, nim ... 
 cu, ei-hz, nim 
 cu-hz 
 cu, ci-cn 
 en, st, ci-hz 
 thi-ci-hz 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 -4 
 6 
 4 
 
 fl-cn, cu-st,ci-hz,nim 
 cu, ei-hz, nim 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 fl-cn, cu-st ci-hz, nim 
 ci, cu, ci-st, ci-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, d-ci-hz ... 
 
 8 
 7 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz, Ig N... 
 cu, cu-et, hz 
 ny-clear 
 hy-cu, ci-cu, ci-hz... 
 ny-ovt, Ig NW 
 cu, cu-st, d-ci-hz ... 
 
 i 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 
 ou, cu-st, hz, Ig N... 
 en, ci-st, hz 
 ei-cu, hz 
 uy-ovt ... ... 
 ovt, sh-lg W & N ... 
 cu,cu-st,ci-hz,lg,th S 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 cu, thi-ci-hz 
 ci, cu-hz 
 cu, dense hz 
 cu, ci-hz 
 
 5 
 8 
 
 7 
 6 
 (i 
 8 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st ... 
 fl-cu, uim, hz 
 cu, thi-ci-hz 
 ci-st, cu-hz ... 
 cu, dense hz 
 ci, ci-hz 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 7 
 5 
 7 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, thi-ci-hz, Ig SW. 
 en, thi-hz, Ig SW ... 
 en, dense hz 
 ci, ci-hz ... ... 
 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 1 
 
 fl-en, cu-st, hz 
 fl-cu, hz 
 cu, ci-hz, sh-lg S ... 
 eu, cn-hz, sh-lg S -. 
 cu, ci-hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 7 
 5 
 6 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 hy-cn, cn-st, ei-hz, 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci, ei-hz, Ig S 
 cu. cu-st, ci-hz, sh-lg S 
 cu,ei,ci-hz,sh-lgN&S 
 cu, dense ci-hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 
 ly-cu, cu-st, ci-hz, nim 
 ci, ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz.. 
 hy-cu, cu-st, ci-hz,8h-lgS 
 cu,cu-st,ci-liz,nim,sh-lg 
 en, ci-cn, hz ... [S 
 cu, ci-cu,ci-hz,fr-sh-lgW 
 
 7 
 2 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 
 3O 
 
 en, cu-st, cr, cr-hz... 
 
 E 
 
 eu-st, Ig NW, H-hz... 
 
 2 
 
 ny-ovt, Ig W ... 4 
 
 ovt, It-R, sh-lg, th... 
 
 8 
 
 ovt, fr-sh-lg, th ... 
 
 8 
 
 ovt, nim ... ... 
 
 8 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 h 
 
 W 
 
 'o o g 
 
 * S 
 
 . 1 \ 
 
 g H W 
 
 ! 
 
 
 8 . -3 ' * 1 
 
 H " 
 
 1 'S 1 1 1 I "^ a 1 6 1 c J J < i -fr J I a * 4 < 1 ' J i 
 
 f, W 
 
 to 6Q frn -r" o $ *"3 ft '5, -S, ^J "rt ~ .3 .9 "t ij > "el 3 o > ^ "S 
 
 33 
 p 
 
 "*>'&' ?'' : !^ t 2'?' J ^'i5&-^'3 J ?ja-2asS3'3ooSiOiS2S > -5 -S .a 3 a! . 
 
 j 
 H 
 
 N 
 
 S -1 S 3Qr 3 :a.3H,H l <n Mj^SJs.aS.SP^ffc'I&S'fa-S.Bi'SoBg.gJ.iia = .5 ^ 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 51 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHEE FOB THE MONTH OF MAY 1856 
 
 o 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 13 
 
 i 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 > 
 
 ^ 
 
 3 
 ^O 
 
 O 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 .S 
 
 >, 
 
 J4 
 
 00 
 
 >> 
 
 1 
 
 JD 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 a 
 
 j? 
 
 >. 
 -a 
 3 
 .c 
 
 3 
 
 18 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 j? 
 
 CO 
 
 E> 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 I 
 
 a 
 
 1" 
 
 > 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 33 
 
 & 
 
 .S 
 
 St 
 ' 
 >* 
 
 T3 
 
 3 
 
 O 
 S 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. Min. 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 :{ 
 4 
 5 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 Ifi 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 ci,ci-hz,cu,fr-lgNE 
 oi, ci-hz, nim ... 
 ci, ci-hz 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 ovt, nim, E ... 
 ny-ovt... 
 ci, ci-hz, st 
 
 8 
 7 
 2 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ci, ci-hz, cu 
 fl-cu 
 
 8 
 6 
 3 
 
 cu, ci, thi-ci-hz ... 
 fl-cu, ci-cu 
 fl-cu 
 
 5 
 6 
 3 
 
 cu, ci, thi-er-hz . . . 
 ci-cu, ci-st 
 fl-cu 
 
 5 
 6 
 2 
 
 cu, ci-hz, nim,thNW 
 ci, on, ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci-st ... 
 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 
 128-5 
 12C-5 
 128-1 
 119-3 
 114-1 
 125-3 
 123-0 
 120-3 
 120-8 
 121-5 
 127-5 
 131-5 
 136-7 
 128-3 
 
 116-2 
 124-5 
 
 71-7 
 76-0 
 78-8 
 78-4 
 78-2 
 78-3 
 77-9 
 77-1 
 79-6 
 79-4 
 79-4 
 78-8 
 79-4 
 79-9 
 72-9 
 73-2 
 77-3 
 77-0 
 73-5 
 74-5 
 76-5 
 75-5 
 76-0 
 75-G 
 78-4 
 74-8 
 76-8 
 79-2 
 76-6 
 79-8 
 76-8 
 
 88-0 
 92-2 
 93-2 
 92-0 
 92-2 
 92-4 
 93-6 
 94-0 
 93-8 
 94-6 
 96-3 
 97-9 
 101-6 
 98-3 
 92-0 
 S9-7 
 94-2 
 87-4 
 82-4 
 85-9 
 90-0 
 87-8 
 92-7 
 95-2 
 93-7 
 94-4 
 96-4 
 95-7 
 96-9 
 98-6 
 99-3 
 
 74-2 
 77-1 
 81-4 
 80-2 
 80-7 
 80-2 
 81-0 
 82-0 
 82-3 
 82-4 
 82-9 
 82-1 
 83-0 
 84-3 
 77-0 
 75-1 
 80-2 
 78-5 
 75-4 
 75-8 
 77-7 
 76-7 
 77-6 
 78-7 
 79-5 
 79-0 
 81-1 
 81-2 
 82-2 
 83-6 
 83-5 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz . 
 ci, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz . 
 ci, ci-hz, st 
 ci, ci-hz 
 ci, ci-hz 
 
 ny-elear 
 ny-clear 
 ci, ci-hz, st, Ig NW 
 ovt. nim,fr-lg&th 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 ovt 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 a 
 
 4 
 2 
 1 
 
 ci-st, ci-hz 
 en, ci, ci-hz ... 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-st, hz 
 ci, thi-ci-hz ... 
 ci, ci-hz 
 It-cu, ci-st 
 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cu 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz . 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-st, hz. 
 ci, thi-ci-hz 
 fl-cu 
 ci, ci-hz ... 
 
 4 
 3 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, nim... 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 ci, ci-hz, cu 
 ci, tbi-ci-hz 
 fl-cu, cn-st, nim ... 
 ci, ci-hz, st 
 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 
 hy-cu, ci-st, hz ... 
 cu-st, hz ... 
 sc en, ci-st, hi ... 
 ci,ci-cn,cu-st,cu,ci-st, 
 cu [nim 
 ci-st, ci-hz, en .. 
 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 
 O 
 
 u 
 
 cu-st, nim, en, ci-st, 
 cu-st, hz [nis-tnW 
 ci-cu, ci-hz, cu-st, cu. 
 ci,ci-cu,ci-st,cu, cn-at 
 cu, cn-st, ci-st, hz . 
 ci'St, ci-hz, cu ... 
 
 5 
 2 
 5 
 5 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 :i 
 
 a 
 a 
 a 
 
 ci, ci-hz, st 
 ci-cu, ci-hz 
 ci-cu, ci-hz 
 ovt, nim 
 ci-cu, cu, ci-hz.. 
 ovt, R 
 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 8 
 3 
 8 
 
 ci, ci-hz, st 
 ci-cu. ci-hz 
 ci, ci-hz ... 
 ovt, B, fr-th & Ig... 
 ci, ci-hz ... 
 ovt 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 8 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 ny-clear 
 ci, ci-hz, st ... 
 ci, ci-hz ... ... 
 ovt, lt-R,th & ffc.lg 
 ny-clear ... 
 ovt 
 
 1 
 3 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 sc-cu, ci-hz 
 ci-st, ci-hz, ou ... 
 cu, ci-hz 
 ovt, R 
 clear 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 1 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 sc-cn, ci-hz 
 sn-cu, oi-st, hz ... 
 ci-cu,lt-ci-8t,cu,cu-it. 
 ovt 
 cu-st 
 ovt 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 2 
 8 
 1 
 8 
 
 ovt, E 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, ci-cu, hz 
 ci-cu, ci-st, hz . 
 ovt, cu, ci-cu, cu-st 
 [hz 
 cu, ci-cu, ci, ci-hz 
 ci-cu, ci-hz 
 cu, ci, ci-st, hz . 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz . 
 cn,cu-st,ci-st,el-hz 
 ci-cu, ci-st, hz . 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 S 
 6 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, ci, ci-st, hz . 
 ci-st, ci-hz 
 ci-cu, ci-st, hz . 
 en, ci-cu 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 8 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, dis-th 
 ny-ovt 
 ci, ci-cn, hz 
 ci-cu, ci-st, hz ... 
 cu, ci-cu ... 
 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 2 
 6 
 8 
 
 ny-ovt, drizzle ... 
 ovt, R 
 ci, thi-ci-hz 
 ci, ci-hz ... 
 ci, thi-ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu, ci 
 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 1 
 5 
 7 
 
 ovt, E 
 ovt 
 cu, ci-st, thi-ci-hz 
 fl-cn, cn-st 
 sc-cu, ci-st, ci-hz . 
 cu, ci-eu, ci 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 3 
 6 
 7 
 
 ovt, R 
 fl-hy-cu,ci-st,ci-cu,hz 
 hy-cu, nim, thi-ci-hz . 
 fl-cu, cu, cu-st,nim 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 cu, ci-cu, thi-ci-hz, Bt 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 99-0 
 123-3 
 115-7 
 121-2 
 118-0 
 116-3 
 131-6 
 115-5 
 120-2 
 120-1 
 120-5 
 
 5 
 7 
 5 
 3 
 6 
 4 
 
 cu, ci-cu, ci, ci-hz 
 cn,ci-cn,ci-st, ci-hz 
 ci, ci-st, thi-hz . 
 ci-cn, ci-st,ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz . 
 ci-cu, ci-st, hz . 
 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ci, ci-hz ... 
 cu,ci-hz,ci-st,ci-cu 
 ci-cu, ci-hz, st ... 
 ci, thi-ci-hz 
 en, ci-cu, d-hz ... 
 en, ci-cu, ci-st, hz. 
 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 fl-cu, ci-hz 
 ci, ci-hz, cu 
 ci-cu, ci-hz, st ... 
 ci, thi-ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu, d-hz ... 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-st, hz 
 
 5 
 4 
 6 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 
 cu, ci-hz ... 
 ci, ci-hz ... 
 ci, ci-hz, hz 
 ci, thi-ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu, d-hz ... 
 fl-cn, cn-st 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 
 en, cu-st ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 ci-st, ci-hz, cu ... 
 ci, ci-hz, cu 
 fl-cn, cu-st, ci-hz . 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 
 REMAEKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1856 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 BO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 118-5 
 128-0 
 124-5 
 134-7 
 125-7 
 119-0 
 116-0 
 120-3 
 121-5 
 118-5 
 123-9 
 125-1 
 132-5 
 120-5 
 121-7 
 125-3 
 122-5 
 135-5 
 118-0 
 107-5 
 118-0 
 128-5 
 134-7 
 126-0 
 119-0 
 127-7 
 129-5 
 131-3 
 131-0 
 133-0 
 
 79-2 
 78-0 
 74-6 
 75-8 
 77-1 
 77-1 
 76-6 
 75-1 
 74'6 
 77-8 
 75-8 
 75-5 
 76-0 
 76-8 
 76-6 
 76-8 
 75-1 
 76-2 
 78-0 
 76-0 
 77-4 
 78-0 
 79-3 
 76-6 
 76-6 
 76-7 
 76-8 
 76-0 
 778 
 75-3 
 
 98-6 
 97-2 
 94-3 
 92-4 
 95-6 
 96-3 
 96-2 
 99-1 
 99-3 
 97-4 
 98-7 
 99-5 
 97-8 
 96-4 
 100-1 
 
 101-0 
 
 100-0 
 100-4 
 93-0 
 92-7 
 93-2 
 955 
 96-5 
 95-7 
 92-0 
 94-6 
 98-6 
 98-3 
 97-2 
 95-7 
 
 82-0 
 82-7 
 80-3 
 81-1 
 80-3 
 81-5 
 80-7 
 82-2 
 81-3 
 84-1 
 82-0 
 83-1 
 83-0 
 82-1 
 80-8 
 81-8 
 80-9 
 81-3 
 81-4 
 78-0 
 79-8 
 79-3 
 81-3 
 80-4 
 77-1 
 79-2 
 81-2 
 81-9 
 82-2 
 78-4 
 
 cu, ci-cu, hz ... 
 on, ci-st, ci-hz... 
 ci-cu, ci-st, d-hz 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt .. 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz.. 
 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 8 
 7 
 5 
 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-st, hz 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-st, ci-liz 
 ovt 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-st, hz 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-at, ci-hz 
 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci-hz.. 
 cu, thi-ci-hz 
 en, dense hz 
 fl-cu, cn-st, ci-hz.. 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci-hz.. 
 fl-cn, cn-st 
 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 6 
 7 
 6 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st, ci-hz.. 
 cu, thi-ci-hz 
 cu, dense hz 
 en, cu-st, d-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci-hz.. 
 fl-cu, cn-st ... 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 
 cu, ci-cu, hz ... 
 
 ny-ovt... 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz. . 
 
 8 
 7 
 4 
 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-st, ci-hz 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-hz ... 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-st, hz 
 cn,ci-ou,ci-st,ci-hz 
 
 cu, ci-hz 
 ovt ... 
 cu, ci-ca, ci-hz.. 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz.. 
 cu, ci-cn, d-hz... 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-st, ci- 
 [hz 
 en, ci-st, ci-hz... 
 ci-cu, ci-st, hz... 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu, ci-hz 
 ovt, R . . . 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz, 
 [nim 
 hy-cu,cn-st, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz... 
 
 hy-cn, I'u-st, ri-hl, nim 
 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz.. 
 cu, cn-st, ci-hz.. 
 cu,ci-st,ci-hz,fr-sh- 
 [IgNW 
 ci, ci-hz, on ... 
 
 4 
 .8 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 4 
 
 ci, hz in hor ... 
 overcast 
 ci, cn-ci 
 ci, ci-st 
 cu,ci-cu, ci-st,ci-hz 
 ci-cn,ci-st, ci-hz 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 6 
 2 
 6 
 4 
 
 ci-cn, ci-st, ci-hz.. 
 ci-cu, ci-st, hz ... 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 cu,ci-cu,ci-st, ci-hz 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz.. 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 5 
 2 
 6 
 4 
 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz ... 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz ... 
 en, ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz.. 
 cn,ci-cu,ci-st,ci-hz 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz.. 
 
 3 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 6 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st, hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci-hz... 
 fl-cn, cn-st, ci-hz.. 
 
 4 
 6 
 4 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st, hz ... 
 fl-cn, cu-st, ci-hz... 
 fl-cu, cu-at, ci-hz, nim 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 
 sc-cu, ci-hz 
 on, ei, ci-hz 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st, nim... 
 fl-cu, cn-st, ci-hz.. 
 
 4 
 3 
 1 
 5 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 ci-cu, ci-hz,'ci-st 
 ci-cn, hz 
 ci-st, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz. 
 ovt, B .. 
 cu,cu-st, ci-hz, nim 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 1 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 
 ci-cu, ci-st, hz ... 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz... 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-hz ... 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt ... 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 
 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 
 ci-cu, ci-Bt, hz ... 
 ci, ci-hz, cu 
 ci-st, ci-hz 
 ovt ... 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 1 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ci, cn-hz, en 
 ny-clear ... 
 en, ci-hz ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 en, ci-cu, hz 
 
 4 
 1 
 3 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 
 fl-cn, cu-st, hz ... 
 sc-cn, hz ... 
 cu, ci-hz ... ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 4 
 2 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 
 8 
 2 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 
 ny-ovt... 
 ci-st, ci-hz 
 ovt, nim 
 en, ci-cu, ci-st... 
 cu, ci-cu,ci-st,ci-hz 
 ci, cu, cr-st, hz.. 
 
 7 
 4 
 8 
 4 
 6 
 2 
 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz... 
 ovt 
 ei,cu-8t,ci-cu, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz ... 
 ci, ci-hz ... 
 
 5 
 4 
 8 
 6 
 3 
 5 
 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-hz ... 
 ci-cu, cu, ci-st,ci-hz 
 ovt 
 en, cu-st,ci-cu, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz ... 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 
 4 
 5 
 8 
 5 
 2 
 4 
 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, ci-hz 
 ovt 
 en, dense hz 
 en, ci-hz ... 
 hy-cu, cu-st, nim. 
 
 4 
 6 
 8 
 6 
 2 
 5 
 
 fl-cn, cu-st, nim... 
 fl-cn, ci-hz ., 
 fl-cn, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, nim, It-E ... 
 cu, cu-st .. 
 hy-cu, cu-st, nim.. 
 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 7 
 3 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 ci, ci-hz, cu ... 
 
 3 
 
 ci,ci-cn,oi-st, ci-hz 
 
 3 
 
 ci, ci-cu,ci-st,ci-hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu, ci-cu, thi-hz .. 
 
 5 
 
 fl-cu, nim 
 
 6 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVK 
 TABLE 
 
 TO *3 
 so H. 
 
 1 
 
 >f 
 
 .2 S ? 
 
 ^ '3 t, cS a 
 
 1 i \\ 1 1 1 1 1 si ! 1 1 1 * 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 H 1 1 -s 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 * i 
 
 ' 'S " ". ' |'*?'* ) ,a.a.a,a.2;3;s E . oeHoo-'? <> i*5!"n!5:S-e 
 
 1 ? s gdJI^^^aJ^ 4^sl^d^^1^i1 S 1 si a. -i K H oi i 4 4 $ % ^ % & 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JULY 1856 
 
 Date 
 
 Giittingen Mean Time 
 \00\ 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 9 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 4 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 
 
 Cloudy sky in Sths- 
 
 8 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 10 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 8O 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 3O 
 31 
 
 cu, ci-cu, hz, nim ... 
 ovt, It-rain, dis-th... 
 ny-ovt 
 ci, thi-ci-hz 
 
 cu, ci-cu 
 cu, thi-ci-hz... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 fl-cu, ci, ci-at, nim... 
 cu, ci, ci-hz, oi-et ... 
 fl-cu, ci, ci-hz 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 
 "7 
 6 
 4 
 7 
 4 
 7 
 
 ci-cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 ovt ... 
 thi-ci-hz 
 ci,thi-ci-hz, ci-st, cu. 
 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 5 
 
 cu-st, ci-hz, Ig SW... 
 cu-st, nim ... 
 ovt ... 
 ci-st, dense hz 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 8 
 4 
 
 cu-st,ci-hz,nim,ler SW 
 ovt ... 
 ovtsh-lgSW 
 ci-st, dense hz 
 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 
 ovt, Ig & th 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, sh-lg S... 
 cu, cu-st,ci-hz,sh-lg N 
 
 hy-cu, nim, sh-lg SW 
 cu,cu-st,ci-hz,lg NW 
 cu,ci-liz, nim, sh-lg SW 
 ovt, sh.lg SW& N... 
 ovt, sh.lg W, SW ... 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 
 7 
 3 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 
 ovt.lgS 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, Ig SW 
 cu,nim,lgS& SW,lt-R 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ci-hz,cu-st,hy-cu, Ig NW 
 cu, ci-hz, sh-lg SW.. 
 cu, cu-st, nim, hz, It-R. 
 cu, ci-cu,ci-hz,8h-lg SW 
 cu, cu-st, hz, Ig SW. 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 cu, ci-hz, sh-lg SW . 
 ci-cu,ci-hz, sh-lg SW. 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 ovt, sh-lg W 
 ny-ovt, th, Ig SW ... 
 ovt, sh-lg S... 
 
 E 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 
 cu, hz, Ig W 
 fl-cu, ci-st, hz, IgSW 
 cu-st, ci-cu, nim ... 
 cu,cu-8t,ci-cu,ci-hz,sh-lg 
 ny-ovt, nim, sh-lg 
 ovt [SSW 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-Bt, ci-hz 
 cu,eu-st,hz,lgS&NW 
 cu, hz 
 ovt, IgS 
 ovt, sh-lg WNW ... 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, nim, fr-th 
 fl-cu, ci-hz ... 
 fl-cu, ci, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, ci-8t, nim 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 
 7 
 6 
 7 
 5 
 5 
 4 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 s 
 
 7 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 7 
 
 ovt, sh-lg N, It-R ... 
 ovt 
 eu, cu-st, ci-hz, nim. 
 ovt, nim ... ... 
 cu, ci-cu, d-hz 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 
 ovt, nim, sh-lg S, SW. 
 en, ci-cu, hz 
 ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 ci-cn, ci, d-hz 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 4 
 
 cu-st, ci-cu, ci-liz ... 
 en, cu-st, ci-hz 
 en, ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, thi-hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 4 
 
 
 cu, cu-st, thi-ci-hz... 
 cu, ci-hz 
 cu, cu-et, thi-hz 
 ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 
 7 
 
 ] 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 ovt, nim 
 ny-ovt, Ig SW 
 cu, cu-st, thi-hz 
 ci-cu, ci-hz... 
 
 on, ca-st, ci-hz 
 ovt ... 
 fl-cn, dense hz 
 ci, ci-hz, en 
 cu-st, ci-st, ci-hz ... 
 cu, thi-ci-hz 
 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 
 cu, ci-hz, Ig SW ... 
 ovt ... 
 fl-cu, dense hz 
 ny-ovt 
 cu-st, ci-st, hz 
 cu, ci-st, hz... ... 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim, Ig & th 
 ny-ovt 
 fl-cu, hz 
 fl-cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-st, hz 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 4 
 
 cu,cu-8t,hz,uim,sh-lgS 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz ... 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, ci-st, ci-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-st, thi-hz 
 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 7 
 4 
 
 en, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 ovt ... ... ., 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-st, ci-hz 
 on, cu.st, ci-st, ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 7 
 5 
 5 
 
 ci-cu, ci-Bt,ci hz, C hi 
 ovt... 
 cu, ci-st, d-ci-hz, C hi 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz, nim. 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st, thi-ci-hz... 
 ca, cu-st, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 ovt ... 
 ci, ci-hz, ci-st, en ... 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ci-hz, ci-cn... 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 cu, cu-st,nim, Ig SW 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, It-rain, th 
 
 5 
 5 
 -6 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 ovt, nim, It-rain ... 
 cu,nim,lt-R,lg WNW&N 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, Ig E 
 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 s 
 
 en, ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 ovt,nim, sh-lg SW,R 
 ovt, nim 
 ovt, rain, Ig, th 
 ovt, IgNE 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 ovt, nim, rain, Ig .. 
 ovt, nim ... ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-st, hz ... 
 ovt, IgSE 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt, nim 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 ovt ... ... ... 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF AUGUST 1856 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 SO 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 en, ci-hz, nim 
 
 7 
 
 ovt It, R 
 
 7 
 
 ovt, It-R, Ig 
 
 s 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 cn-st, ci, ci-hz 
 ci, d-ci-hz, cu 
 ca, cn-st, ci-hz 
 ci-hz 
 en, ci, ci-st 
 ca, ca-it 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 7 
 1 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, & thi-hz... 
 cu-st, ci-st, ci-cn & hz... 
 ny-clear 
 ci, ci-st, hz .. 
 en, ci-hz 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 cu, ci-hz 
 cu, ci, th, Ig 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-st, hz ... 
 cu-hor, sh-lg WSW . . 
 cu-hor & sh-lg-SW 
 ny-clear 
 
 4 
 
 B 
 
 i 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 ca, ci-st, dense hz... 
 ovt, nim 
 
 cu, ci-st, hz 
 ovt 
 
 4 
 8 
 5 
 5 
 2 
 5 
 
 ci, ci-hz & en 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 ovt, fr-sh-lg E 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz, Ig SW 
 en, ei-hz 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 8 
 4 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz,Ig W&S 
 cn,hz, sh-lg WSW... 
 ny-clear, Ig SW ... 
 on, hz, Ig SW 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz, nim sh- 
 cu,cu-st,ci-hz,lgSW[lgE 
 ci, cu, ci-at, hz,sh-lg S W 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz, nim. 
 
 cu, ci-hz, nim 
 cu, ci, ci-hz, nim ... 
 cu, ci, & ci-hz 
 ca, ci-cu, cu-st, hz... 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-ca, ci, hz 
 
 4 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 
 cu-st, sh-lg WASW. 
 cu, ci-hz, Ig N 
 cu, ci-hz, ci-st 
 thi-ci-hz,ci-cu, cu, sh-lg 
 cu-st, ci-st, hz... [NW 
 cu-st, cu, ci-st,lg NW 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu-st,ci-st,hz,lg W&SW 
 ci-hz, Ig W 
 ci-cu, ci-hz, ci-st ... 
 on, ci-ca, thi-ci-hz ... 
 ci-cu, en, hz, Ig 8 ... 
 eu, cu-st, ci-hz, Ig W 
 
 4 
 2 
 4 
 S 
 5 
 B 
 
 en, ci-st, hz, d hi ... 
 ei, cu, ci-hz, ci-st ... 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu, thi-ci-hz... 
 cu, ci-cu, thi-ci-hz .. 
 cu, ci-st, ci-eu, IgN. 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 4 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, hz ... ... 
 on, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 en, cu-st,ci-cu, ci-hz. 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci-cii, ci-hz 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 a 
 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz, Ig .. 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-st, hz ... 
 
 
 
 2 
 5 
 7 
 2 
 
 BC-CU, cu-st, nim ... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... ... ... 
 ci, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz, niui. 
 en, cu-st, ci, ci-hz ... 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-hz 
 ovt 
 ovt, nim 
 ovt, nim, th W 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz, Ig, S 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-st, hz ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 6 
 
 s 
 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 ovt . . 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 cu, ci-eu, ci-hz 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 ovt 
 
 5 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt,lt-B, fr-sh-lg, thSW 
 ovt, hy-R 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 
 ovt, Ig SW 
 ovt, nim, It-R 
 ovt, nim 
 ci-hz, Ig SW 
 
 8 
 
 s 
 7 
 1 
 
 ovt, nim 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, IgSW 
 cu, Ig WNW 
 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 cu, cn-st, ci-hz 
 ovt, hy-R 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, thi-ci, hz, nim.tli 
 cu, ci-hz, nim,th SW 
 ci, ci-st, oi-hz 
 cu,ci-cu,ci-hz,mm, th|W 
 ovt ... 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 6 
 8 
 
 hy-cn, on -st. nim .. 
 cu, ci-hz, sh-lg SW.thW 
 cu-st, nim ... 
 cu, ci-hz, sh-lg NW.. 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-st, hz ... 
 ovt, sh-lg SW 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 7 
 3 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci-hz, IgSW 
 cu, thi-ci-hz, th,lg NW 
 ny-ovt 
 cu,ci-hz,fr-th&lgNW. 
 ovt, fr-lgW 
 ovt ... 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 2 
 8 
 8* 
 
 ovt, nim, Ig SW ... 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz, nim . 
 ovt, hy-R,th,8h-lgSSW 
 cu-8t,ci-st,hz, Ig NW & S 
 ovt, sh-lg, Id-th, R .. 
 ny-ovt, fr-sh-lg W... 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 8 
 4 
 8 
 7 
 
 ovt, nim 
 cu, cu-st,ci-hz,nim,lg W 
 ovt ... 
 ci-st, ci-hz, Ig NW... 
 cu, cu-st, ci cu, ci-hz, Ig 
 ovt, nim ... [NW 
 
 8 
 5 
 8 
 4 
 G 
 8 
 
 ci, ci-st, cu ... 
 ovt, R 
 ny-ovt 
 ci, cu, ci-st, hz, sh-lgNW 
 ovt, sh-lg NW 
 ovt, nim 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 7 
 3 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 ci, thi-ci-hz 
 
 8 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 IXPLANATION OT SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THK ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 *\i ! 
 
 a o a . o 
 -222 E" ? 
 S " t| 
 
 1!!! s ilii.!it!lil1iii|mflif.ifil! 
 
 S o _ unj'O'S' "*: < .c .a ,s .a .3 a 3 S o < p o 3 P.O. 2 2 "5 
 
 So^-'S^B^dwiM^sl^^js'sji^l&^g^iMtJg^ 
 
 10 fe 
 
 | 1 -8 t 3 -g 
 
 Ills l ; 
 
 -S -3 ' > ? 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 53 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JULY 185G 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 1.9 
 
 i 
 
 c 
 
 1 
 
 >> 
 
 T3 
 S 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 S 
 >. 
 
 i 
 
 6 
 
 1O 
 
 Z 
 _~ 
 
 >. 
 ft 
 
 ji 
 > 
 
 TJ 
 ~ 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 18 
 
 I 
 
 .5 
 >> 
 
 ,x 
 
 00 
 
 > 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 SO 
 
 -j 
 
 00 
 
 = 
 
 j? 
 
 
 > 
 
 "3 
 
 a 
 
 JO 
 
 O 
 
 99 
 
 1 
 
 .3 
 
 
 
 GO 
 > 
 
 g 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max 
 
 Min. 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 
 9O 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 SO 
 
 ovt, fr-sh-lg NE 
 ny-o vercast . . . 
 ay-cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 overcast, nim... 
 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 
 overcast 
 iiy-o vercast . . . 
 ny-overcast ... 
 overcast, It-R... 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 
 ny-overcast 
 ny-overcast 
 overcast ... 
 overcast ... 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ny-overcast 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 overcast ... 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 6 
 
 ci-cu, thi-ci-hz ... 
 ny-overcast 
 overcast ... 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-hz ... 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 
 ci-cu, thi-ci-hz ... 
 ny-overcast 
 cu, ci, thi-ci-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 
 6 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 
 "e 
 
 4 
 7 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 132-0 
 116-3 
 114-5 
 117-7 
 129-0 
 123-0 
 134-0 
 133-5 
 1287 
 121-3 
 130'8 
 121-5 
 119-0 
 117-8 
 124-3 
 120-7 
 122-0 
 126-7 
 115-7 
 118-5 
 117-0 
 117-0 
 118-3 
 111-0 
 113-2 
 118-0 
 121-0 
 120-0 
 104-0 
 118-0 
 111-4 
 
 75-7 
 
 77-0 
 75-3 
 75-8 
 77-0 
 76-3 
 74-9 
 77-7 
 76-3 
 76-3 
 75-5 
 74-5 
 76-5 
 79-2 
 79-9 
 77-9 
 78-1 
 78-1 
 79-4 
 78-4 
 77-2 
 73-3 
 77-4 
 76-2 
 76-5 
 75-2 
 73-3 
 73-9 
 74-3 
 72-3 
 71-2 
 
 93-9 
 90-3 
 92-2 
 91-8 
 92-4 
 90-2 
 95-3 
 97-5 
 93-0 
 92-4 
 94-9 
 97'3 
 96-9 
 94-6 
 97-4 
 98-1 
 98-4 
 99-0 
 96-6 
 92-5 
 95-6 
 97-2 
 97-0 
 94-7 
 96-4 
 95-2 
 96.9 
 92-5 
 87-0 
 90-3 
 90-2 
 
 80-3 
 80-1 
 78-1 
 77-3 
 79-6 
 79-2 
 78-3 
 80-9 
 78-2 
 78-9 
 78-6 
 77-5 
 79-4 
 82-2 
 82-5 
 81-1 
 82.1 
 80-6 
 82-9 
 83-2 
 81-2 
 79-3 
 81-4 
 82-1 
 82-1 
 80-2 
 79-1 
 77-3 
 77-4 
 75-5 
 76-9 
 
 en, cu-st, ci-hz.. 
 
 cu, cu-t, d-hi, rfi-Ig NW 
 
 cu, cu-st ci-hz, 
 overcast Ig [nim 
 overcast 
 cu, cu-st, hz,mm 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 
 cu,cu.it, ci-e, ri'hi, nim 
 ;u, cu-Bt, ci-cu, b, nim... 
 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-st,hz 
 overcast 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-st... 
 cu,ci-cu, ci-st, hz 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 8 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz, nim. 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 ci, ci-st, ci-hz 
 ci-st, dense ci-hz .. 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-st, hz. 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 3 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 cu, ci cu, ci-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, ci-hz ... 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz ... 
 ci-st, dense ci-hz. 
 ci-st, dense ci-hz.. 
 ci-cn, ci-st, hz ... 
 
 4 
 6 
 3 
 
 G 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, nim... 
 cu, ci-cu, hz 
 cu, cn-st, ci-hz ... 
 ci, ci-hz ... 
 en, ci, ci-hz 
 ci-cu, ci-st, hz ... 
 
 6 
 5 
 4 
 5 
 7 
 6 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, nim ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 fl-cu, nim, It-R ... 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 en, ci, ci-hz 
 en, cu-st, nim . . . 
 
 overcast, nim ... 
 ca, ci-cu, hz ... 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz... 
 cu, ci-hz, nim... 
 ci-cu, ci, d-hz... 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz.. 
 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 7 
 6 
 4 
 
 cu,cu-st,ci-cu,ci-hz 
 cu,cu-at,ci-cu, ci-hz 
 cu,cu-st,ci-cu,ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz.. 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz. 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz. 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 4 
 
 ci-cn, ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci-cu,ci-hz 
 ci-cu, ci, ci-st 
 ci-cu, ci, d-ci-hz... 
 ci-cu, ci-hz 
 oi, ci-st ... 
 
 4 
 7 
 5 
 5 
 4 
 2 
 
 ci-cu, ci-hz 
 cu, cn-at, ci-hz ... 
 ci-cu, ci, ci-hz ... 
 ci-cu, ci, d-ci-hz... 
 cu, ci-cu, d-ci-hz... 
 ci, ci-st ... 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 4 
 6 
 
 7 
 2 
 
 ci-eu, ci-hz 
 cu, dense hz 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, dense hz 
 ci, ci-hz, cu 
 en, ci, ci-hz 
 
 4 
 6 
 3 
 6 
 4 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-hz ... 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 cu, ci-cu, dense hz 
 cu, cn-st, ci-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz, 
 overcast [ J '>! 
 cu,ci-st,il-ci-hz, Jhl 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz.. 
 
 6 
 8 
 5 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 ci-cu,ci-st,thi-ci-hz 
 overcast 
 ci-ou,ci-st,ci-hz. 
 ci, ci-hz 
 ci-cu,ci-st,thi-ci-hz 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 
 
 2 
 6 
 6 
 
 overcast ... 
 overcast ... 
 ci-st, ci-hz 
 ci, ci-hz .. 
 overcast ... 
 ci, ci-st, d-ci-hz ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 overcast ... 
 overcast ... 
 ci, ci-st, ci-hz 
 ci, ci-st, thi-ci-hz... 
 overcast ... 
 ci-cu, ci, d-ci-hz... 
 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 5 
 8 
 6 
 
 ny-overcast 
 cu, dense hz 
 fl-cu, dense hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, thi-ci-hz. 
 ny-overcast 
 ci-cu, ci, d-ci-hz... 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 ny-overcast 
 cu, dense hz 
 fl-cu, dense hz ... 
 en, cu-st, thi-ci-hz. 
 ny- overcast 
 cu, cu-st, thi-ci-hz. 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 7 
 6 
 
 cu,ci-cn,ci-st,hz 
 ovt, IgE &SE. . 
 overcast 
 overcast 
 overcast 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, ci-in-hor ... 
 overcast 
 overcast, It-R... 
 overcast 
 overcast 
 
 1 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ci-cu, ci-st, hz ... 
 cu, ci-cu, ci, ci-hz. 
 overcast ... 
 overcast 
 cu, thi-ci-hz 
 
 a 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 B 
 
 7 
 
 ci-cu, ci-st, hz ... 
 cu, ci-cn, ci, ci-hz. 
 overcast ... 
 cu, ci-cu, ci, ci-hz. 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 cu, ci-cu, hz 
 ci, ci-hz, en 
 overcast .. 
 cu, ci-cu, ci, ci-hz. 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-hz ... 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st, hz ... 
 ci, ci-hz, cu 
 overcast... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci-hz... 
 en, cn-st, ci-hz ... 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OP AUGUST 1856 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 a 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 .30 
 31 
 
 ny.ovt ... 
 
 7 
 
 ci-cu, ci-st,ci-hz 
 
 6 
 
 on, thi-ci-hz 
 
 I 
 
 ci-cu, ci, ci-st ... 
 
 6 
 
 cu, ci, d-ci-hz 
 
 6 
 
 cu, oi, d-ci-hz 
 
 6 
 
 119-7 
 115-4 
 111-4 
 121-0 
 125-5 
 138-5 
 144-5 
 137-5 
 135-0 
 135-7 
 134-1 
 131.6 
 144-5 
 114-5 
 129-0 
 109-7 
 
 110-3 
 113-5 
 116-4 
 129-1 
 136-2 
 139-2 
 140-0 
 140-5 
 
 128-5 
 128-5 
 128-5 
 104-2 
 98-5 
 
 72-9 
 73-0 
 73-6 
 73-9 
 77-4 
 75-7 
 75-7 
 75-3 
 75-1 
 79-4 
 74-3 
 75-3 
 75-5 
 736 
 73-6 
 74-5 
 75-1 
 74-0 
 74-3 
 73-9 
 77-6 
 70-0 
 76-2 
 75-0 
 71-1 
 75-0 
 75-0 
 75-8 
 75-8 
 74-8 
 75-6 
 
 92-9 
 92-6 
 91-9 
 93-5 
 91-0 
 91-6 
 94-3 
 93-4 
 92-6 
 94-1 
 94-9 
 93-9 
 92-0 
 90-4 
 93-8 
 91-0 
 88-5 
 85-1 
 86-9 
 88-9 
 90-9 
 88-5 
 89-4 
 90-8 
 90-0 
 86-2 
 88-9 
 85-8 
 84-8 
 86-1 
 85-3 
 
 77-6 
 77-8 
 78-1 
 79-0 
 79-5 
 77-8 
 79-1 
 80-4 
 79-2 
 80-3 
 77-9 
 79-7 
 79-8 
 76-9 
 78-2 
 80-1 
 77-3 
 74-6 
 75-9 
 75-8 
 73-4 
 76-5 
 76-8 
 77-8 
 75-6 
 76-6 
 77-3 
 76-7 
 76-8 
 76-5 
 78-1 
 
 ci, ci-hz 
 cu, ci, ci-hz ... 
 ovt, sh-lg E ... 
 ci, ci-hz, cu,lg SW 
 cu, ci-hz, \g W & S 
 ny.ovt 
 
 2 
 5 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 ci-cn, thi-ci-hz.. 
 cu,ci-cu,ci-st, ci-hz 
 ovt, nim 
 ovt, nim, It-R... 
 cu, ci-cu 
 cu, cu-st, ci-cu, ci- 
 [hz 
 
 ci, ci-hz, cu ... 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 cu,ci-cu,ci-st, hz 
 cu,ci-cu, ci-hz, nim 
 ci-cu, thi-ci-hz . 
 cu, ci-st, hz ... 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 2 
 5 
 
 ci, thi-ci-hz 
 en, thi-ci-hz 
 ovt 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci-hz, nim 
 cu, cu-st, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 ci, ci-hz ... 
 
 5 
 
 e 
 
 8 
 7 
 4 
 2 
 
 ci, thi-ci-hz 
 ci, ci-hz ... 
 ovt 
 ci, ci-hz, cu 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 fl-cu 
 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 5 
 2 
 6 
 
 ci, d-ci-hz 
 ci, ci-hz, ci-st 
 ci-cu, ci, ci-hz ... 
 en, ci-cu, ci-st ... 
 fl-cu 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 4 
 2 
 6 
 
 ci, d-ci-hz, cu ... 
 en, ci, d-ci-hz ... 
 ci-cu, ci, ci-hz ... 
 cu, ci-hz ... 
 fl-cu 
 cu, ci, ci-hz, dis-th 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 
 clear ... 
 ci-cu, ci-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 cu-oi, thi-ci-hz . 
 en, ci-cu, ci-hz . 
 clear ... 
 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 2 
 
 ci, ci-hz, cu 
 ci-cn, ci-st, ci-hz . 
 en, ci-cu, ci-st, hz. 
 ci, thi-ci-hz 
 ovt 
 ci, ci-hz 
 
 IB 
 
 B 
 
 4 
 
 e 
 
 s 
 I 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 ci-cn, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-st, hz. 
 ci, thi-ci-hz 
 ovt 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 5 
 5 
 8 
 6 
 
 sc-cu, ci, ci-hz ... 
 ny-ovt, R 
 cu, ci-hz ... 
 en, ci-hz, nim ... 
 ci, d-ci-hz 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 
 cu, ci, ci-hz, nim . . . 
 cu, cu-st, ci, ci-hz. 
 cu, ci, oi-hz 
 cu, ci-hz, nim ... 
 cu, d-ci-hz 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu,cu-st,ci-cu,ci-hz 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, H-R 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-hz . 
 ci-cu, thi-ci-hz.. 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 
 ovt, R .. 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, thi-ci-hz ... 
 en, thi-ci-hz 
 ci, ci-st 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 e 
 
 6 
 
 i 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 ci-cu, ci-hz 
 fl-cn, cu-st 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 1 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, thi-oi-hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 fl-cn, cu-st, ci-hz . 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 4 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 en, thi-ci-hz 
 cu, cn-st, ci-hz ... 
 fl-cn, cn-st, ci-hz... 
 sc-cu, cu-st, dis-th 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 3 
 
 ci, ci-hz 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 ci, ci-hz 
 ny-ovt, nim ... 
 ovt, nim 
 
 4 
 8 
 7 
 3 
 7 
 8 
 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 ny-ovt ... 
 ovt, nim, It-R . 
 cu, ci-cu, thi-hz 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt... 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 fl-cu, nim 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 cu, ci-cu, cn-st ... 
 cu, ci, ci-st, th, Ig. 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, ci-cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, ci-cu, ci, ci-st. 
 ovt 
 cu, thi-ci-hz 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 hy-cn, cu-gt, ci-cn. 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 oi-cu, ci, ci-hz 
 cu, thi-ci-hz 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 ci, ci-st, d-ci-hz ... 
 
 7 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 DSED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 to il 
 
 a .3 
 
 >, 1 | 1 
 
 f 8 | '3 
 
 o o s >> >. 
 
 f & % 
 
 lljlil Jli il!{l|i|iiIj!^!Jh|iil(|lii|i! 
 
 Ill ^ e! .J 'I 4 H .& a ! * *2l.S:3.9^3fc : I. &gt & 4 ^ g ' j .5 &: 
 
 14 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 1856 
 
 Dato 
 
 Gottingen Meau Time 
 NOON 
 
 00 
 
 .s 
 
 1 
 
 n 
 
 * 
 
 . 
 
 1" 
 >, 
 
 73 
 
 O 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 00 
 
 t 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 7, 
 d 
 
 "s 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 oc 
 
 .5 
 1" 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 c 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 
 e 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 SO 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 ci, ci-st, dense ci-hz. 
 fl-cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu 
 cu, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, nim 
 
 fl-cu, thi-ci-hz 
 ci, thi-ci-hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st... 
 ci, ci-st, thi-ci-hz ... 
 en, ci-cn, ci-hz, ci-st. 
 ovt ... ... ... 
 
 fl-cu, ci, ci-hz, nim... 
 cu, ci-cn, oi-hz 
 ci-thi-ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci, ci-hz ... 
 cu, ci-hz 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 7 
 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 
 overcast 
 cu, ci, ci-hz, ci-st ... 
 en, ci, ci-hz... 
 en, cu-st, ci-st 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-st, hz... 
 eu ,cu-st,ci-st,hz,lg S W 
 
 8 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 
 ci, ci-hz, Ig S W ... 
 ci-st, ci-hz ... 
 cu, eu-st, ci-st, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st 
 hy-cu, nim ... 
 cu, ci- en, ci-hz, IgS.. 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 cu, ci-hz 
 ci-st, dense hz 
 ci, ci-hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz, nim ... 
 en, ci-eu, nim, sh-lg S 
 
 
 
 4 
 5 
 -t 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 4 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt ... ... ... 
 cu, ci-hz 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-hz 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 ovt, nim 
 ny-clear 
 cu, ci, ci-hz... 
 cu, cicu, hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci, ci-hz ... 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 
 ny-ovt, nim 
 ci-st, dense hz 
 cu, cn-st, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-st, d-hz, (hi... 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-st, hz ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 5 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 
 cu, ci-st, thi-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 cu,cu-st,nim, thi-ci-hz 
 cu, ci-st, d-hz, t hi... 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 ci-st, ci-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu & haze ... 
 cu, ci-cu, oi-st, hz... 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 ovt, It-B 
 
 ci, ci-hz 
 ci, ci-st, ci-hz 
 ci, ci-st, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... ... . 
 
 2 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz ... 
 ci-cu, ci-st, en, Ig S.. 
 en, ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 en, cn-st, nim 
 cu, ci-st, hz... 
 ci, thi-ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci-st, hz... 
 cu, ci-hz, Ig S 
 ny-clear 
 
 5 
 3 
 6 
 4 
 2 
 
 
 ovt, Ig W 
 on, hz 
 ci, thi-ci-hz... 
 cu-hz 
 cu, IgS&SW 
 clear 
 
 8 
 5 
 6 
 4 
 1 
 
 
 cu, ci-hz, nim 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-st, hz . . 
 ci, thi-ci-hz... 
 ovt ... 
 
 7 
 
 <> 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 ovt, sh-lg S 
 en, ci, ci-st, hz 
 ci, ci-st, ci-hz 
 en, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 5 
 5 
 
 ovt, nim, sh-lg S ... 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 cu, ci cu, ci-hz 
 en, ci-cu, ei-hz 
 cu, ci-st, hz, sh-lg S.. 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 r 
 
 T . 
 
 cu-st, ci-st, thi-hz... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 cu,ci-hz,sh-IgNE&S 
 cu, ci, ci-st ... ... 
 
 cu ... 
 en, ci, ci-hz 
 ci, thi-ci-hz... 
 cu, cu-st, niui, hz ... 
 ci, ci-hz, cu... 
 cu,cn-st, ci-hz, nim,th 
 
 2 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 
 en 
 cu, cn-st, ci-hz,lgN&W 
 hy-cn-st,nim,lgN&W 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-st, hz ... 
 cn-hor, nim, Ig 
 ovt,nim, Ig & th, H-R 
 
 2 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 2 
 8 
 
 cu, It-hz, Ig W 
 cu-st, ei-hz ... 
 ci,d-ci-hz, fr-sh-lg SW 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 cn-hor, nim, Ig 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 7 
 3 
 
 1 
 8 
 
 cu, ci-hz 
 en, hz 
 ny-ovt,sh-lg S & NW 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 ny-ovt, sh-lg S & SW, 
 ovt, sh-lg N [th,lt-R 
 
 ny-elear, Ig SW ... 
 cu, hz, sh-lg W 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 nv-clear 
 ci, hz, lgSW& NW. 
 ny-ovt, Ig S 
 ny-ovt, sh-lg S 
 cu, ci-hz, mm,lgW&SE 
 ovt ... 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz, fr-sh-lg 
 [E 
 
 1 
 4 
 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 en, ci-cn, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu. nim, fr-lg S 
 ovt, fr-sh-lg SE, th.. 
 ny-ovt, sh-lg S & W. 
 
 cu, cn-Bt, ci-hi. nim, sh-lg SE ... 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st, ci-hz, nim 
 [fr-sh-lg, th 
 ci-st, ci-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz, nim. 
 
 4 
 6 
 8 
 i 
 4 
 6 
 
 2 
 5 
 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 cu-hor ... 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 cu, ci-hz, sh-lg W ... 
 cu, sh-lg-hor W 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 ny-clear, Ig SW ... 
 clear, sh-lg W 
 
 
 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1856 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 37 
 18 
 19 
 80 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 ci, ci-hz ... ... 
 en, ci-hz ... 
 fl-cu, nim, dis-th .. 
 on, hz 
 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 
 cu-hor 
 cu-hor, sh-lg W ... 
 cu, ci-hz, sh-lg SW... 
 cu-st, ci-st, hz, Ig W 
 
 2 
 1 
 4 
 5 
 
 cu, ci-hz.fr-sh-lg'W&NW 
 fl-cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu,ci-liz,sh-lgN&SW 
 fl-cn, cu-st, hz, Ig S. 
 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 
 cu,cU'St,fr-sh-IgW&NW 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 cu, thi-ci-hz 
 cu, hz, Ig N & W 
 
 4 
 -1 
 5 
 | 
 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 cu, ci, ci-hz, sh-lg S.. 
 
 ny-ovt, fr-ah-lg, th 9 W, Jt-R .. 
 
 cu, ci-et, ci-hz 
 ci, ci-st, ci-hz 
 
 4 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz, nim. 
 ci, cu, ci-st, hz 
 ny-clear ... ,,^ 
 
 on, cu-st, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-hz 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 ny-clear, Ig NW ... 
 
 cu.ci Bt, thi-ci-hz, IgSW 
 ovt ... 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 
 ny-clear, Ig NW .. 
 ny-ovt, Ig W 
 ny-ovt, J hl,sh-lg SW 
 ovt, viv-lg, B 
 ovt .. 
 ci-cn, hz ... .,. 
 
 1 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 
 cu-hor, Ig NW 
 ny-ovt, Ig W 
 ovt, sh-lg S 
 ovt 
 ovt, )hl 
 cu, ci-hz, ci-on 
 
 ny-clear, D 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 cu, ci-cu, hz 
 eu, cn-st, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 
 1 
 7 
 
 s 
 s 
 s 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 r, 
 - 
 
 ci, ci-hz, Ig SW 
 ei, thi-ei.hz .. . 
 fl-cu, nim ... ,.. 
 ovt ... ... ... 
 
 2 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 cu, hz, Ig S... 
 ci, dense ci-hz, nim. 
 ovt ... 
 ovt 
 
 2 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 2 
 
 ovt 
 ovt ... 
 ci-cn, ci-st, ci-hz ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 
 ovt, viv-lg, R 
 ovt ... ... -.. 
 ci-st, hz 
 
 ovt ... ... , 
 en, ci-cu ... . 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ovt ... 
 cu, ci-st, hz 
 
 ci-hz, cu ... ,.. 
 cu, hz 
 ci, ci-st 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 ovt, hy-R, dis-th ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 8 
 
 ny-clear ... . . 
 clear 
 clear 
 ei-st, hz 
 en, ci-st, hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 8 
 
 ny-clear, D 
 clear 
 clear 
 ci-st, hz 
 on, cu-st, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 7 
 
 clear 
 clear, D ... M , 
 clear, D ... .,. 
 en, ci-cu, hz 
 u, ci-hz ... k,-, 
 ovt ... ... .., 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 4 
 8 
 
 cu-hor 
 cu, ci-hz 
 clear, D 
 cu, ci-hz 
 cu, ci, ci-st, ci-hz ... 
 en, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 2 
 6 
 6 
 
 fl-cn, cu-st, nim 
 cu, ci-cu, oi-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cu-Bt, ci-st, hz ... 
 en, ci-cu ... ... 
 en, cu-st-hor ... 
 
 6 
 3 
 1 
 6 
 5 
 2 
 
 cu, hz, Ig SE 
 cu, hz 
 
 4 
 
 cu, hz ... 
 en, hz 
 
 2 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 6 
 
 
 cu,eu-st,thi-hz, ]g SW 
 fl-cu,ci-st, hz.lg SW. 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 en, ci-st, hz .. 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 4 
 
 r> 
 i 
 
 4 
 
 
 cu, ci-cn, dense hz... 
 en, ci-hz ... ^. 
 ci-cu, ci-st ... . 
 ci-st, ei-hz ... ' 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 clear, D ... ' ... 
 
 6 
 2 
 4 
 6 
 3 
 
 
 ci-cn, hz 
 ci-cu, ci-st, D 
 ci, ci-st 
 cu, nim, sh-lg N ... 
 fl-cu 
 clear, D ... ... 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 
 cu-hor 
 cu, ci-st, hz 
 cu-hor 
 ci-hz 
 
 1 
 5 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 cu, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-st, hz 
 en, nim 
 ny-clear 
 
 fl-cn, nim ... 
 ci, ci-st ... ... 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 en, cu-st, ci-st, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, ci-st, hz... 
 
 6 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 cu, hz 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 cn-st, It-hz ... 
 clear 
 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear, Ig E 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, ci-hz, Ig E 
 fl-cu, hz 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 2 
 g 
 
 
 (i 
 
 clear ... ... 
 ny-olear 
 en, ci, ci-hz... 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 ci, ci-hz, IX., 
 clear 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 i & i s 
 
 ! 1 ! i 
 
 rrt **' I - |3 *1 ! C I r '*.. 
 
 fe "3 g ft T3 : '-3 W < si &oJ?2J=J=3.*>;e.z;- 6? . , 5 S, a tf f o5 -^ 
 
 00 u 
 
 S -S 
 
 | .S & If | 
 
 - : ^ = -^ te: 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 55 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 1856 
 
 2 
 
 si 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 'Sj 
 
 _g 
 % 
 
 >* 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 'w 
 
 5 
 
 ie 
 
 k_ 
 
 18 
 
 .5 
 p- 
 
 DO 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 _g 
 
 !> 
 
 
 O 
 
 33 
 
 1 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 S 
 
 > 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 ftadiation 
 
 Air 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 G 
 7 
 8 
 11 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 ovt 
 ci-st, ci-hz 
 cu, cn-st, ci-hz.. 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz.. 
 
 ci-cu, ci-st, hz, Iff S 
 ci-st, ci-hz 
 
 S 
 1 
 
 :t 
 :i 
 :s 
 
 2 
 
 cn, ci-cn, ci-hz.. 
 ci, ci-st, ci-hz... 
 ci, ci-st 
 sc-ci-cu, 
 ci-cu, ci-hz 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 
 7 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 4 
 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 ci, ci-st, ci-hz 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz , 
 ci-cu, ci-Bt, hz ... 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-st,ci-hz. 
 ci-cu, ci, d-ci-hz... 
 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu ,cu-st,ci-cu,ci-hz. 
 ci-cn, ci-st, ci-hz .. 
 sc-cu 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz ... 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-at, ci-hz. 
 sc-cu, ci-st, ci-hz... 
 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cn, cn-st, nim ... 
 fl-cu, 
 fl-cu, nim 
 cu, cn-st, ci-hz ... 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 5 
 4 
 5 
 
 P 
 
 fl-cu, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, cn-st, nim... 
 fl-cn, oi-cu, hz ... 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu, nim 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci-hz.. 
 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 4 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 121-7 
 121-0 
 126-7 
 134-7 
 136-7 
 114-6 
 137-0 
 130-5 
 126-3 
 120-0 
 119-5 
 133-7 
 125-0 
 137-0 
 134-5 
 138-0 
 131-5 
 140-0 
 140-7 
 145-0 
 141-5 
 138-8 
 134-0 
 122-8 
 140-5 
 142-0 
 132-5 
 132-0 
 122-1 
 142-0 
 
 736 
 754 
 76-5 
 73-8 
 76-1 
 74-0 
 73-8 
 74-4 
 73-9 
 74-3 
 77-3 
 74-6 
 72-2 
 75-5 
 74-6 
 73-6 
 75-4 
 74-3 
 74-3 
 74-5 
 73-3 
 73-9 
 74-1 
 74-9 
 73-8 
 73-1 
 77-9 
 74-1 
 73-5 
 74-8 
 
 92-2 
 92-5 
 93-0 
 92-2 
 92-6 
 92-4 
 93-2 
 92-4 
 94-4 
 93-6 
 92-2 
 92-2 
 90-1 
 90-7 
 90-8 
 92-7 
 93-9 
 93-3 
 93-3 
 91-8 
 91-7 
 94-1 
 89-7 
 89-7 
 89-9 
 92-9 
 89-4 
 89-1 
 88-3 
 90-9 
 
 77-3 
 77-8 
 79-2 
 80-3 
 80-8 
 79-3 
 78-5 
 78-4 
 78-6 
 79-9 
 80-8 
 80-9 
 75-2 
 78-0 
 77-1 
 78-9 
 790 
 79-2 
 79-8 
 78-9 
 78-9 
 79-3 
 78-7 
 77-2 
 77-1 
 77-0 
 7:i-4 
 75-7 
 77-3 
 77-0 
 
 ny-clear 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 ny-ovt,nim,lg E&S 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz.. 
 ny-ovt ... 
 ovt, nim 
 
 
 2 
 7 
 3 
 7 
 8 
 
 ci-cu, oi, ci-st... 
 ci-cn, ci-st 
 ovt 
 cn, ci-cn, ci-hz. 
 ci-cu, ci-st 
 
 3 
 2 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 
 ci, ci-st, ci-hz 
 ci-cu, ci-hz 
 ci-eu,ci-st, thi-ci-hz. 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-st ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci-ha, nim 
 
 r, 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 5 
 7 
 
 ci-cu, ei-st, thi-ci-hz 
 ci-cu, ci-hz 
 c i-c u, ci-st, thi-ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-st ... 
 ovt 
 
 7 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 G 
 8 
 
 ci, tbi-ci-hz 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 fl-cn, thi-ci-hz ... 
 ovt 
 fl-cn, cu-st, ci-hz.. 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci, ci-hz 
 
 8 
 4 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ci, thi-ci-hz 
 fl-cu, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, thi-ci-hz 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci, ci-hz 
 
 7 
 5 
 6 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ovt,nim,sh-lg,th 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-hz... 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz.. 
 cn, ci-cn, ci-hz.. 
 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-hs, sh-lg S 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hi, sh-lg SW 
 
 8 
 5 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 
 cu, ci-hz, nim... 
 ci, ci-hz 
 ci, ci-hz 
 ci-cn, ci-hz 
 
 cu,ci-cu,ci-st, ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz.. 
 
 7 
 3 
 2 
 4 
 7 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz, nim 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz... 
 ci-st, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-st,ci-hz. 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz. 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz ... 
 
 6 
 3 
 2 
 4 
 6 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-st, ci-hz 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz... 
 ci-st, ci-hz 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz... 
 ci, ci-hz, cu 
 sc-cu 
 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 
 cu, thi-ci-hz 
 ci, thi-ci-hz 
 sc-cu, ci-hz 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, ci, ci-hz 
 fl-cu 
 
 6 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, thi-ci-hz ... 
 ci, thi-ci-hz 
 sc-cu, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, ci-hz 
 on, ci, ci-hz 
 cu... 
 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz... 
 
 cu, cn-. , CI- s.uim.s -I 
 
 cu, cn-.t, hi, Ig SE 4W, 
 [It-H 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hi, nim.8h.lH: 
 [Ei W 
 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz.. 
 ny-ovt, nim, f r-sh- 
 [Ig 
 ci-st, ci-hz 
 hy-cu, nim, Ig 
 [SE, lt-R 
 
 1! 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 ci-cu, ci-st 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz,nim 
 ovt, lt-R 
 cu,cu-st, ci-hz, nim 
 cu, cu-st, ci ... 
 ny-ovt, nim, It-H 
 
 4 
 4 
 8 
 6 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-st ... 
 cn,cu-st,ci-hz, nim 
 ovt, lt-R 
 cu, cu-Bt,ci-hz,nim 
 cu, cn-st, ci-hor... 
 ny-ovt, nim 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 8 
 C. 
 
 7 
 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-st ... 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 cu,cu-st,ci-at,hz,nim. 
 cu, ci-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 8 
 5 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st, nim... 
 ovt 
 ci, ci-st, thi-ci-hz.. 
 fl-cu, cu-st,ci-hz... 
 sc-cu 
 cn, cu-st, oi-hz ... 
 
 6 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 6 
 
 fl-cu, nim, lt-R, th 
 ovt 
 ci, thi-ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 fl.cn, nim, dis-th.. 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 cu, ci, ci-hz ... 
 cn, cu-st, ci ... 
 
 2 
 6 
 
 fl-cu, ci, nim 
 ci, ci-Bt, ci.hz 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 fl-cu, ci, nim 
 ci, ci-st, ci-hz 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 fl-cu, nim 
 cu, ci, ci-hz, ci-st.. 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 on, ci-hz ... 
 cu, ci, ci-hz, ci-st.. 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1856 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 SO 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 BO 
 
 31 
 
 cn, cu-st, ri-hj, gh-lg ... 
 
 fl-cu, cu-at, hz.nim 
 ci-st, ci-hz 
 ci-st, ci-hz 
 
 4 
 6 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu, ci-cu, cijiz, nim 
 ci-qu, ci, ci-hz... 
 ci-cu, ci-st 
 cu, ci-st 
 
 6 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 
 ci, ci-Bt, ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 ci, ci-st ... 
 ci, ci-Bt ... 
 
 f> 
 
 t 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 ovt, hy-R 
 fl-cu 
 cu, ou-st, hz 
 
 4 
 8 
 3 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st, nim... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 5 
 i 
 6 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci, ci-hz. 
 cu, ci, thi-ci-hz ... 
 cn, ci, ci-hz, th S.. 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 S 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 
 142-0 
 124-5 
 141-0 
 141-2 
 141-7 
 135-8 
 114-5 
 
 125-3 
 1405 
 138-5 
 145-5 
 144-4 
 145-4 
 145-1 
 
 137-7 
 142-0 
 141-0 
 142-5 
 140-1 
 142-5 
 143-5 
 140-0 
 1370 
 137-7 
 145-3 
 145-4 
 134-7 
 130-0 
 
 74-6 
 76-0 
 74-0 
 74-5 
 74-4 
 74-3 
 77-0 
 74-0 
 75-2 
 71-0 
 71-2 
 71-0 
 70-4 
 72-0 
 70-5 
 70-3 
 73-2 
 71-6 
 74-0 
 73-8 
 75-0 
 69-5 
 72-2 
 70-5 
 67-0 
 63-9 
 66-8 
 67-6 
 G9-8 
 67-0 
 72-1 
 
 89-7 
 87-5 
 89-7 
 88-2 
 89-7 
 89-0 
 86-8 
 84-4 
 82-5 
 89-7 
 90-4 
 90-1 
 89-4 
 90-2 
 91-5 
 89-2 
 86-2 
 88-9 
 88-4 
 88-2 
 90-0 
 88-7 
 89-1 
 87-7 
 86-2 
 85-9 
 86-9 
 88-2 
 89-2 
 88-3 
 87'S 
 
 75-5 
 78-1 
 76-5 
 77-4 
 78-1 
 78-1 
 79-1 
 75-4 
 76-2 
 74-2 
 74-7 
 76-2 
 75-1 
 75-0 
 75-9 
 75-1 
 77-4 
 73-4 
 77'1 
 74-3 
 75-1 
 74-9 
 75-8 
 74-1 
 71-8 
 71-6 
 72-0 
 73-1 
 74-9 
 72-8 
 75-4 
 
 cu, ci-hz 
 ovt, sh-lg NE ... 
 ovt 
 ovt, v-lt-R 
 cu, ci-hz, nim... 
 ci, ci-hz 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 1 
 
 cu, ci, ci-Bt ... 
 ovt, th 
 ovt, lt-R, dis-th. 
 ovt, lt-R 
 ci, ci-hz 
 clear 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 ovt 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt, v-lt-R 
 cu, thi-ci-hz 
 clear 
 
 I 
 
 S 
 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 
 
 cu, nim ... 
 ovt, lt-R ... 
 ovt, lt-R 
 ovt ... 
 ci, dense ci-hz .. 
 ny-clear, cn 
 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 ovt 
 ovt, lt-R 
 ovt, v-lt-R 
 ci-cn, ci-st, ci-hz... 
 clear 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 
 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 
 OVt ... ;.. 
 
 ovt, v-lt-R 
 ovt, v-lt-R 
 ci-cn, ci-st, ci-hz... 
 cu-hor 
 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 clear, D 
 ci-cu, ci-st [di..th 
 
 ru, ci-cu, ci-hi, sh-lg NE 
 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz.. 
 
 
 
 
 (i 
 ',', 
 7 
 7 
 
 ny-clear 
 ci-cn, hz, D ... 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-ovt, R 
 cu,cu-st,ci-cu,ci-hz 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 ci, ci-hz-hor 
 ny-ovt 
 cu,cu-st,ci-cu, ci-hz 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 sc-cu 
 fl-cn 
 sc-cu 
 fl-cn, cu-st 
 ovt 
 cu,cu-st,ci-cn, ci-hz. 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 . 7 
 
 sc-cu 
 fl-cn, cu-st, hz ... 
 sc-cn, cn-st 
 fl-cu, cn-st, hz ... 
 ovt 
 cu, ci-hz ... 
 
 1 
 3 
 3 
 
 4 
 8 
 6 
 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 fl-cu, cn-Bt, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 cn, ci-st, ci-hz ... 
 ovt, v-lt-R 
 cu, cu-st, oi-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 8 
 4 
 
 ny-clear, D 
 cu,ci-cu,ci-hz,D. 
 ci, ci-hz 
 cu,cu-st,ci-cu,ci-hz 
 ny- clear 
 clear, D 
 
 
 3 
 2 
 5 
 
 
 
 ny.clear 
 ci-cn, ci-st 
 ci-hz ... 
 cu, ci-cu 
 clear 
 cu-hor 
 
 
 3 
 1 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 ci-cn, ci-hz 
 ci-cu, ci-st 
 ci-st, ci-hz 
 ci, ci-hz ... 
 ny-clear 
 cu-hor 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ci-cn, ci-hz 
 sc-cu, ci ... 
 cu, ci-hz, ci-st ... 
 hy-cu, fl-cu 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu, nim .. t 
 hy-cu, fl-cu 
 cn, cn-Bt, ci-hz ... 
 cn-hor 
 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 
 r, 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, nim 
 cu, cn-st .. 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu ... 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 cu, ci-cn, hz 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 2 
 3 
 
 clear ... 
 clear, D 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz,D 
 clear, D 
 cu, ci-hz 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 
 ci, ci-hz 
 ci, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, ci-hz 
 clear 
 fl-cu, nim, v-lt-R. . 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 G 
 
 ci-st, cu-st 
 ci, ci-hz ... 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu-hor 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 ci-st, fl-eu 
 cu, ci 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 cu-st, ci-st 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu, cn-st, hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci-hz.. 
 cu, cu-st, ci-cu ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 cu-st, ci-st 
 fl-cn, cu-st, hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci-hz... 
 cn, ci-cn, hz, nim.. 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 6 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 00 "-I 
 O 
 
 1 I 
 
 -f s 1 s 
 II I ^ |-3 | 
 
56 
 
 MADRAS, 1856-METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF NOVEMBER 1856 
 
 Date 
 
 Gb'ttingen Mean Time 
 \00\ 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths| 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 .5 
 
 I" 
 
 t 
 
 'C 
 
 g 
 
 G 
 
 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 9 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8thf 
 
 10 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 ci-cu, ci, ci-st 
 
 4 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 2 
 
 en, hz 
 
 2 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu, ci-hz, D... ... 
 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 :i 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 S 
 
 ;i 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu, cu-st ... 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, ci-st 
 ui, thi-ci-hz... 
 
 2 
 
 :i 
 
 (i 
 2 
 4 
 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu, cu-st ... 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 cu, ci-st, } hi 
 cu, ci-st, 1 hi 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, ci-st ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st ... 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, ci-st, hz 
 eu, ci-on, ci-st, hz ... 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 hy-cu, cu-st, nim ... 
 on, cu-st, hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, ci-hz 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 
 6 
 7 
 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 ny-clear 
 clear, D 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz, D ... 
 cu, ci, thi-ci-hz 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 4 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 cu, ci-hz, D 
 fl-cu 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st... 
 on, cu-st, ci-cu, ci ... 
 cu, cu-st, ci-cu, mm 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cu-st, ci-cu, nim 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 7 
 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 
 fl-cu, ci-hz ... 
 en, hz 
 cu, ci-cu, nim 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 hy-cu, nim ... 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 6 
 3 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 fl-ca, ci-hz 
 fl-cu 
 hy-cn, nim ... 
 ovt, R 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 G 
 8 
 4 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci-st, hz, ) hi 
 fl-cu, hz 
 hy-cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st ci-hz, nim ... 
 fl-cn, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 
 4 
 3 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 on, cn-st, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 ci, ci-hz, ci-st 
 fl-cu, ci, ci-hi 
 fl-cu, nim, It-R 
 
 ovt, hy-R ... 
 ny-ovc 
 ovt... 
 ovt, hy-R ... 
 ovt ... 
 ci, ci-hz 
 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 2 
 
 ny-ovt, nim, R 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt, R, squall 
 ovt... 
 ci-cu, ci-st, dense hz 
 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 
 ovt, nim 
 ny-ovt ..-. 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt, R 
 ovt... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, H ... ... 
 ovt, R 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 8 
 
 ovt, nim 
 8-cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 ovt, hy-R ... 
 ovt, R 
 fl-cn, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 8 
 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 fl-cu, hz 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, R 
 ny-ovt 
 ci, ci-hz, cu... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 ci-st, ci, ci-hz 
 cu-W-hor ... 
 en, cn-st, oi-cu 
 sc-cu 
 ny-ovt ... 
 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 5 
 
 a 
 
 7 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 I 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 1 
 3 
 2 
 
 2 
 5 
 
 fl-cu, It-hz 
 fl-cu, hz 
 fl-cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 ci-cu, ci-st, hz 
 cu, ci-hz 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cn, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 
 4 
 3 
 1 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 en, ci-st, ci-hz 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear, D... 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cu, ci-hz 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu 
 ny-clear 
 ovt ... 
 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 8 
 
 cu, ci-hz 
 fl-cn 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cu 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF DECEMBER 1856 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 90 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 3O 
 
 31 
 
 fl-cu 
 ci, thi-ci-hz, cu 
 cu, ci, thi-ci-hz 
 en, ci-hz, ci-st 
 cu, ci, thi-ci-hz, nim. 
 
 4 
 5 
 (i 
 I 
 
 (i 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, ci-st, thi-ci-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 ci-cu, cu-st, thi-hz... 
 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 7 
 8 
 
 cu, cn-st, It-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, ci-st, thi-ci-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, thi-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 5 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 en, cu-st 
 cu, hz 
 cu, ci-hz ... ... 
 en, thi-ci-hz 
 cu, thi-ci-hz, ci-st ... 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 cu, ci-hz ... ... 
 cu, ci-st 
 ci-st, ci-hz, cu 
 cu, ci-hz, nim 
 cu, ci, D 
 ovt 
 
 4 
 2 
 6 
 7 
 3 
 8 
 
 cu, ci-hz 
 hy-cu, uim ... 
 cu, ci-hz 
 ny-ovt ... ... 
 en, ci-hz, D... ... 
 ovt, nim 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 5 
 
 7 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 ovt, R 
 
 8 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 a 
 
 s 
 8 
 7 
 5 
 B 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt, R 
 cu, ci-hz, ci-cu 
 cu. ci-en, ci-st, hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 hy-on, nim, Ig E ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 5 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt R 
 
 8 
 
 H 
 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 ovt .. 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 6 
 
 ovt, R 
 ny-ovt 
 en, ci-hz 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 
 e 
 
 7 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 E 
 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, It -drizzle 
 en, ci-cu, hz 
 cu, ci-hz, nim 
 cu,cu-st,ci-st, hz, Ig S 
 
 ovt ... ... . . . 
 ovt.lt-R 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu, d-ci-hz ... 
 
 S 
 8 
 6 
 7 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 ovt, R 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 cu, ci, nim, Ig W ... 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz, nim. 
 
 ci, ci-hz 
 fl-cn, cu-st ... 
 en, ci, ci-hz 
 sc-cu, hz 
 en, ci-hz 
 sc-cu 
 
 a 
 
 5 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 
 fl.cn 
 cu, ci-hz 
 cu, hz 
 en, hz 
 hy-cu 
 fl-cu 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 :s 
 i 
 
 fl-cu 
 cu, ci-st, hz 
 cu, hz 
 en, hz 
 fl-cu 
 ft-cu 
 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 ci-cu, ci-st, ci-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, hz 
 en, ci-hz 
 en, ci-st, hz 
 fl-cu, cn-st ... 
 hy-cu, cu-st, nim, R 
 
 3 
 
 G 
 3 
 3 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz 
 cu, ci, ci-st ... ;.. 
 ci-st, ci-hz ... ,,j 
 cu, ci-hz, D 
 ci, ci-hz, cu, D 
 cu, ci-hz, D... ; 
 
 5 
 4 
 5 
 2 
 5 
 4 
 
 cu, ci, ci-st... 
 cu, ci-ca, ci-st, D ... 
 en, cn-st, ci-hz, D ... 
 cu, ci-hz, D... 
 ci, ci-hz, on, D 
 cu, cu-8t,ci-hz,uim, It-R 
 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 2 
 
 2 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 fl-cn 
 se-cn, hz 
 fl-ca, nim, hz 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cu, ci, ci-hz 
 on, ci, ci-hz 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci-st, hz. 
 fl-cu, ci-hz ... 
 cu, hz 
 clear 
 cu, ci-hz 
 ci, ci-hz 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st, ci-st, hz. 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 en, hz 
 clear 
 cu, ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz, nim ... 
 
 3 
 5 
 2 
 
 2 
 6 
 
 ci-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz, nim. 
 cu, ci-hz, nim 
 en, cu-st, ci-hz 
 cu, cn-st, hz, nim ... 
 
 3 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 cu, ci-hz, ci 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz 
 ny-ovt ... ,,< 
 clear 
 cu, ci-st 
 oi, ci-hz, cu 
 
 3 
 4 
 7 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 cu, ci-hz 
 ci, ci-hz, D ... 
 cu, ci-hz, nim 
 fl-cu, ci, oi-hz 
 cu, hz 
 clear 
 
 cu, ci-st, ci-hz, D ... 
 en, ci-st, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-hz 
 
 5 
 3 
 7 
 G 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 
 on, ci-cu, ci-hz 
 sc-cu 
 en, cu-at, ci-hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 B 
 
 ci-cu, ci-at ... 
 cu-hor 
 
 ru-st. ci-cn, ci-st, hz. 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 clear 
 cu, ci-st, hz 
 cu, ci-st, hz 
 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 clear 
 hy-cu, eu-st, hz 
 cu-st, liz 
 
 
 6 
 2 
 
 cu, ci-st,-ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu, hz 
 en, ci-st, ci-hz 
 
 2 
 6 
 3 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 I 1 
 ' ,2 
 *> fe ^ 
 
 T3 O g O 
 
 lijh|I|H|!}|!liliI||!l!l!tjijlll 
 
 g ri -j H5 3 H .5? d oi i i^sl^S^-assI & g I i tl # : 11 ri i 4 
 
 1 
 
 111 6-3-s 
 
 1 J i 1. 1 j 
 
 -J .a 3 : .5 fe 
 
 <n 73 ^3 > > J> 
 
MADRAS, 1856 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 57 
 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF NOVEMBER 1856 
 
 
 j 
 
 C3 
 
 Q 
 
 13 
 
 55 
 
 z: 
 
 j? 
 
 >, 
 
 a 
 z 
 jo 
 
 5 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 .5 
 S 
 
 OQ 
 
 Pi 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 i 
 
 _= 
 
 >: 
 
 M 
 
 i 
 >. 
 
 g 
 
 - 
 O 
 
 18 
 
 1 
 
 s 
 
 5 
 
 >> 
 
 -3 
 
 o 
 
 s 
 
 80 
 
 
 s 
 
 j? 
 
 IB 
 _> 
 
 
 
 92 
 
 i 
 
 & 
 
 a 
 
 j? 
 
 00 
 
 i 
 
 O 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. Min. 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 t; 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 BO 
 
 21 
 22 
 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 BO 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 fl-cu, ci,ci-hz,r-b 
 
 4 
 
 ny-ovt, It-R 
 
 (i 
 
 fl-cu, ci, ci-hz, v-lt-R 
 
 6 
 
 cu, nim 
 
 6 
 
 on, cn-st, hz 
 
 4 
 
 136-3 
 133-5 
 127-3 
 139-7 
 134-2 
 133-2 
 132-5 
 138-5 
 127-5 
 126-7 
 123-5 
 
 137-2 
 142-3 
 120-8 
 
 69-4 
 70-8 
 73-1 
 68-8 
 64-6 
 62-9 
 65-9 
 70-4 
 70-4 
 70-1 
 70-1 
 71-8 
 703 
 72-0 
 73-6 
 74-2 
 73-6 
 73-0 
 69-2 
 65-5 
 G9-4 
 70-9 
 69-8 
 70-0 
 71-4 
 71-8 
 67-6 
 70-6 
 69-0 
 66-9 
 
 86-7 
 85-0 
 85-9 
 86-4 
 85-4 
 84-4 
 86-3 
 85-8 
 83-9 
 85-8 
 85-3 
 81-3 
 83-1 
 82-7 
 82-7 
 81-3 
 82-8 
 80-0 
 77-2 
 77-2 
 82-8 
 84-8 
 82-5 
 82-4 
 83-6 
 83-3 
 81-2 
 80-0 
 80-5 
 81-3 
 
 75-1 
 76-5 
 74-8 
 73-1 
 70-1 
 68-4 
 72-3 
 76-4 
 74-0 
 76-6 
 75-9 
 73-2 
 71-9 
 73-2 
 78-0 
 75-2 
 74-1 
 74-2 
 70-0 
 69-0 
 72-3 
 75-5 
 74-6 
 74-0 
 74-7 
 75-0 
 70-2 
 71-4 
 71-4 
 70-1 
 
 ny-ovt,lt-R,sh-lg 
 ny-clear 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 fl-cu 
 cu-hor... 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st,ci-hz 
 cu-hor... 
 sc-cu, ci-st 
 cu-hor 
 sc-cu .. 
 fl-cn, ci-cn 
 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 3 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st, ci-hz . 
 fl-cu 
 sc-cu, ci-st 
 sc-cu 
 cu, cu-st, ci-st ... 
 fl-cn, nim 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 
 a 
 
 l 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci-hz... 
 sc-cu 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 
 4 
 6 
 7 
 
 cn, cn-st 
 fl-cn, cu-st 
 cu, cn-st 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, ci 
 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 
 1 
 5 
 
 cn, cn-st ... 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu 
 cn, cu-st ... 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci-st 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 cu, ci, ci-hz ... 
 sc-cn, hz 
 fl-cu, nim, R ... 
 ci, ci-hz, ci-st ... 
 ny-ovt, hz, R . . . 
 ny-ovt ... 
 
 3 
 2 
 5 
 5 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 cu, ci, ci-cu ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci-hi, Dim, R 
 
 fl-cu, ci, ci-hz,nim 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 7 
 3 
 7 
 5 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 fl-cu, nim 
 fi-cu, nim 
 ovt, R 
 cu, ci-hz ... 
 ny-ovt, v-lt-R ... 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 6 
 
 E 
 
 B 
 4 
 
 7 
 .s 
 
 fl-cu, nim 
 by-cu, hz... 
 fl-cu, nim 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu, ci, ci-hz ... 
 ovt, R 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 4 
 6 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci 
 cu, cu-hz, nim ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, ci ... 
 fl-cn, cu-st, ci ... 
 cu, cn-st, ci 
 ovt, R 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 5 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-cu ... 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-hz ... 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st ci-st, nim 
 cn, cu-st, ci 
 ovt 
 
 4 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 4 
 8 
 
 fl-cu, nim 
 ovt 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, R 
 ci, ci-hz, cu 
 ci, ci-hz, cu, D... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 3 
 
 ovt, nim 
 fl-cu, ci-hz 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, R 
 ci-st, ci-hz 
 cu, ci, thi-ci-hz. 
 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 4 
 
 ny-ovt ... 
 fl-cu, ci-cu 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 ci, ci-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 S 
 S 
 8 
 5 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 ci, ci-hz, cu 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 6 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 ci-st, ci-hz, cu .. 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 6 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 ci, ci-hz, ... 
 cu, cn-st, ci-hz ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 2 
 4 
 
 122-5 
 122-5 
 
 119-5 
 131-4 
 131-7 
 136-0 
 1423 
 138-6 
 140-3 
 134,-G 
 136-0 
 138-5 
 
 cu, ci-hz, D ... 
 Dy-clear, P 
 ny-clear, D ... 
 clear, D 
 hy-cu ... 
 cu-hz, D 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st,ci-hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st,ci-hz,D 
 cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 clear 
 clear ... 
 sc-cu, ci-cu 
 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 sc-cu 
 fl-cu, cu-st, 
 fl-cn,cu-st,ci-hz,lt-K. . 
 clear 
 ny-clcar 
 sc-cu, ci-hz 
 
 4 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 
 3 
 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, nim 
 fl-cu, cn-st, nim ... 
 sc-cu 
 fl-cn 
 sc-cu, ci-hz 
 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu, ci, ci-st 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 
 fl-CU, CU-Bt 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu nim... 
 fi-cu, ci-hz 
 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 ci, ci-st, 
 so-cu, cu-st, ci ... 
 cn, nim ... 
 cn, cn-st, nim ... 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 sc-cu, ci-hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF DECEMBER 1856 
 
 | 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 ^:j 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 87 
 28 
 29 
 
 SO 
 
 31 
 
 cu, cl- 
 ou, c 
 cu, c 
 ny-o 
 
 -cu,c.. 
 
 ovt, 
 
 cu, ci-hz, D 
 -st, ci-hz... 
 i-cu, ci-hz.. 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 5 
 7 
 
 cu,cu-st,ci-hz, nim 
 
 7 
 6 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 8 
 
 ci-st, ci-hz, cu ... 
 cn, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 cn,cu-st, ci-cu,nim 
 fl-cu, cu-st,hz, nim 
 ovt, It-R ... 
 
 5 
 7 
 (i 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 
 ci-cu, ci-st, cu ... 
 cn,cu-st,ci-hz, nim 
 fl-cu, cn-st, ci-hz.. 
 
 fl-cn, cu-st, hz ... 
 ovt, It- R 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 8 
 
 fl-cu, ci-hz 
 fl-cn, cu-st, nim .. 
 fl-cu, cn-st, ci-hz.. 
 cu, ci, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, nim 
 ovt, R 
 
 4 
 6 
 4 
 3 
 6 
 8 
 
 cu, thi-ci-hz 
 fl-cn, ci-hz 
 cu, ci, thi-ci-hz ... 
 cu, ci, ci-hz, oi-st.. 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, E 
 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 7 
 8 
 
 134-5 
 131-0 
 136-0 
 130-0 
 126-5 
 
 69-9 
 67-3 
 66-2 
 70-2 
 69-7 
 68-4 
 66-2 
 68-6 
 70-6 
 69-5 
 71-2 
 70-3 
 70-5 
 71-0 
 67-7 
 70-0 
 66-1 
 63-9 
 63-5 
 63-5 
 62-7 
 649 
 67-0 
 64-8 
 68-8 
 65-6 
 (56-6 
 67-0 
 640 
 68-1 
 70-5 
 
 80-5 
 81-7 
 81-6 
 80-2 
 81-1 
 
 77-7 
 75-7 
 78-6 
 79-7 
 80-0 
 80-8 
 81-4 
 81-2 
 80-4 
 80-5 
 80-3 
 80-3 
 79-8 
 80-2 
 79-1 
 80-3 
 81-1 
 I 79-4 
 i 79-8 
 79-1 
 81-0 
 81-2 
 8(1-4 
 81-2 
 81-5 
 81-4 
 
 71-1 
 71-1 
 70-4 
 72-4 
 71-0 
 69-7 
 67-9 
 69-3 
 71-9 
 73-9 
 73-4 
 75-0 
 73-4 
 73-7 
 72-3 
 70-4 
 703 
 682 
 68-8 
 68-0 
 71-9 
 71-2 
 70-2 
 71-7 
 69-9 
 r,;>-4 
 -o-s 
 |69'1 
 169-9 
 72-5 
 75-0 
 
 cu, ci, d-ci-hz ... 
 
 it,ri-hi,mm.lt-R 
 
 aim, !t-R... 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 cu, nim 
 ovt, nim, R ... 
 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, E 
 ovt 
 
 cu,cu-st,ci-hz,nim. 
 cn, ci-cu, ci-hz.. 
 cu, cu-at,ci-hz, nim 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 3 
 7 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt, R 
 cu, ci-hz, nim... 
 cu,ci-hz,nim,r-b 
 ou, ci, ci-st 
 ny-ovt, R 
 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt, nim ... 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 ny-ovt, nim 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 ovt, It-R 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 cn, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 ny-ovt, nim 
 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 4 
 5 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 cu, ci, thi-ci-hz, nim.. 
 fl-cu, ci-hz 
 fl-cu, nim, v-lt-R.. 
 fl-cu, nim, It-R ... 
 fl-cu, nim 
 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 ovt, R 
 cu, ci, thi-ci-hz ... 
 fl-cn, cu-st, ci-hz.. 
 fl-cu, nim 
 fl-cn,ci-hz,nim, v-lt-R 
 on, cu-st, hz 
 
 8 
 7 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 109-0 
 122-0 
 134-5 
 12-2-2 
 118-7 
 129-0 
 132-0 
 134-5 
 129-0 
 125-0 
 137-0 
 1397 
 135-8 
 133-5 
 130-2 
 130-0 
 129-0 
 136-0 
 138-0 
 143-8 
 138-8 
 126-5 
 131-6 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz. 
 cn, ci-cu, hz, D. 
 cu, ci-st, hz, D.. 
 cu, ci-cu, hz, D. 
 cu. ci-cu, ci-hz, D 
 cu,cu-st, ci-hz, nim 
 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 7 
 
 cu, ci, ci-st ... 
 cu, ci-st 
 cn, cu-st 
 cu-st, ci-st 
 ci-cu, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-hz.. 
 
 5 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 sc-cu, ci-st, ci-hz.. 
 sc-cn, ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci-st ... 
 cu, ci-st, hz 
 cu, ci-cu, ci 
 cn-hor 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 sc-cn, ci-hz 
 cu, cu-st, ci-st ... 
 cu, ci-st, hz 
 cu-hor 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl.cn 
 cn, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 sc-cn 
 
 6 
 5 
 4 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu 
 
 5 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 
 sc-cn 
 
 4 
 
 sc-cu 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 eu,cu-st, ci-hz, nim 
 fl-cu, ci, ci-hz, D 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 
 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 
 
 cu, ci-hz, nim... 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cu-st, ci-cu, hz. 
 fl-eu, ci, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz. 
 ci, ci-hz, D 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 6 
 4 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 fl-cn 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 cu, hz ... 
 
 5 
 3 
 1 
 6 
 4 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu, nim 
 ny-clear ... 
 fl-cu, nim 
 ci, ci-hz, cn 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 
 4 
 7 
 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 
 sc-cu, hz... 
 fl-cu, nim 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cu, ci, ci-hz ... 
 cn, ci, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz ... 
 
 2 
 7 
 
 4 
 8 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, ci-cu ... 
 fl-cu, nim 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz . 
 ci, ci-hz, cu 
 
 6 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 fl-cn, nim 
 cu, ci-cn, ci-hz ... 
 ci, ci-hz, cn 
 
 ci-cu, ci, ci-hz, D 
 cu, ci-hz 
 cu, ci-cu, ci-hz. 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 
 clear .. 
 cu, ci-hz 
 sc-cn ... 
 
 
 3 
 
 t 
 
 ci-cu 
 cn, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 cn, cu-st ... 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 a 
 
 fl-cu 
 cn, cu-st, ci-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 
 2 
 4 
 4 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu, en-st, ci-hz. 
 
 CU, CU-Bt ... 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 sc-cn, cu-st 
 fl-cn, cu-st, ci-hz.. 
 cu, ci-cn. cn-st ... 
 
 3 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE. 
 
 3 
 g t 
 
 E 
 
 '3 o. 
 
 "S s 
 
 J 2 I <- 
 
 .5 
 
 lljlijil^llllliijijjllilllflijljilli^l 
 
 l?SgQj^^w 1 ^B t 1 3|j2dl^l&1iU'Sai^-S^^5>;T^ 
 
 15 
 
MADRAS 1857 
 
 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
60 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (Corrected) 
 Barometer at 32 3 =:29 English liiches+the number in the Table 
 
 Gottinjjen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 i, f> 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Dailyaml 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 li.m. h.in. h. m h. in. h.m. h. m. h m. h.m. h. in It. m h. in. h. m. h.m. h. m. h.m. li.m. h. m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h. m. li.m. h. m. li. m. 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.4! 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.11 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 2-2.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 5 12 
 2 13 
 
 IH 14 
 S 15 
 <! 16 
 g 17 
 5 18 
 -= 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In, In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 + O r 01G -0-054 
 0-939 0-956 0-978 1-004 ro2 1'035 1'042 1'025 1'017 1'OOS U'i'% 0'997 1'OOS r2IJ I'OSSI 1062 1'082 1'085 1'073 T056 1'027 1'006 CrUUi 0-99U 
 
 1-013 1-034 1-048 -073 -097 -104 -097 -077 -070 -062 1-052 1-050 '058 -069 -081 -119 -143 -150 -143 -112 '086 -061 1-047 1-042 
 
 H^^ -HA^ -Afi^ ! H7 -1 *>fi "! 97 -117 -111 -1 H"^ 
 
 In. 
 
 1-020 
 
 079 
 
 086 
 092 
 100 
 065 
 057 
 051 
 
 059 
 081 
 069 
 037 
 002 
 020 
 
 006 
 
 0-984 
 
 986 
 980 
 974 
 968 
 
 954 
 927 
 905 
 919 
 927 
 923 
 
 080 -054 -051 -059 -078 '091 -113 -138 -137 -123 -103 '066 -033 -015 -016 
 027 -042 -061 -090 '110 "117 -113 "094 -089 '074 -056 -055 -064 -078 -105 -127 -164 -166 -159 -136 -099 -075 -056 -062 
 070 -100 -098 -117 -140 -148 -149 "142 -121 '097 '070 -067 -075 -089 -105 -121 -143 -150 -132 -112 -078 -044 -025 -018 
 025 -038 -047 '070 -084 -093 "087 '072 -060 '048 '033 -034 -046 -067 '080 -107 -124 -117 -114 -097 -065 -035 -007 -003 
 008 -015 -034 -050 -068 "077 "067 '064 -057 -047 '033 '030 -038 -046 "064 -083 -118 -120 -113 '096 -070 -041 -023 -012 
 010 -023 -038 -053 -064 -068 '064 '057 '043 -030 "014 '013 -023 -053 '069 -091 -120 -116 -111 -090 -054 -023 -006 -002 
 nnfi -on -094. -fUA -OKA. -OKd, -OKA. -n^ -n^ 
 
 036 -033 -034 -045 '058 '068 -101 -131 -140 -126 -102 -073 -047 -022 -029 
 033 -039 064 '088 108 -111 '095 '091 "081 -077 '069 '066 -073 -CSO '092 -112 -137 -137 -127 '108 -074 -040 -023 -009 
 015 -040 -062 -086 -104 -109 -095 'C76 -068 -057 '043 '040 -047 '056 -078 -099 -125 -138 -121 "093 -064 -035 -007 0-997 
 004 -025 -038 '064 -090 -090 '070 -061 "050 "030 '006 -005 -015 -030 '044 -059 -086 -087 -074 -051 -015 o-98i o-%6 '953 
 0-956 0-963 0-981 'Oil '030 "033 '021 -012 -004 o-988 0-9C8 0-965 0973 0'9S4 '000 '037 '063 -068 -060 -039 -Oil '980 -954 -954 
 963 -977 -997 -025 -045 '044 -044 -027 -Oil -999 '984 '990 i-ooe 1-017 '023 "054 -080 -088 -074 "054 -026 '997 -976 -975 
 977 -981 i-fwi -014 -030 -039 -OSfi -022 -009 - 
 
 -995 -978 -980 -993 '007 "016 -033 -057 -060 '045 -024 -000 '962 -941 '935 
 943 -946 o-%i 0-987 '006 '016 -005 '002 o-989 '973 '954 '956 -968 o-98i 0-986 '016 -041 -046 -039 -014 o-982 '951 -933 -922 
 928 -943 -958 '982 '002 '006 '010 "008 '995 -978 '958 '958 -969 -981 -989 -012 -041 -053 -042 -027 "989 '960 -941 -933 
 944 -951 -970 '995 -007 '016 '007 0-997 '984 '967 '947 "939 -942 '959 -987 -021 -044 -048 -037 -017 '977 '941 -915 -905 
 913 -922 -943 -969 o-985 '001 -005 '994 '974 -960 "942 -941 -950 '965 -983 -Oil -042 -040 -032 -010 -976 -950 -935 -921 
 925 -932 -943 -969 -991 o-99i 0-985 "970 '951 -941 '928 "932 -946 "965 -986 -010 -038 -044 -032 -006 -971 -936 -917 -915 
 92fi -936 '953 -973 i-nnt i-nns -/9Q -990 -970 - 
 
 ------ '946 -918 '915 -923 "931 -941 -97i '003 -007 o-995 0-971 "937 '907 -891 '884 
 883 -892 -907 -931 0-943 0-967 '961 -946 '925 -919 -909 '906 -914 -936 -948 -965 -979 0-987 '973 -949 -907 -883 -859 '851 
 851 -863 -888 -910 -934 -936 -925 -918 "897 '887 '874 "873 -883 '887 -901 -925 -963 -966 -956 -941 '914 -890 -874 -859 
 861 -874 -889 '913 -943 '947 '943 '936 -917 -906 -891 '889 '897 -904 -918 -946 -969 -987 -981 -954 -935 -895 -875 "877 
 882 -891 -906 "932 -951 '956 -948 '939 '926 -915 -901 '894 -897 '906 '917 -945 -980 -997 -994 -973 -943 -902 -885 "866 
 858 -875 '890 -911 -932 -929 '931 '921 '904 -889 -871 -871 '882 -900 '933 -958 j-oo2 1-013 i-ooe '988 -960 -931 -903 -895 
 
 Means | 0'962 0-974 0-991 1014 1-034 1'040 1'034 1-023 I'OIO 0'997 0'980 0'979 0'988 1'002 1'017 1'042 1-070 1-075 1'065 V043 1-012 0'981 0'961 0'955 I'OIO 
 
 Jany. 31 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 , 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 s| 
 
 -* \i 
 
 H 14 
 
 13 
 g 16 
 ff3 17 
 
 ! 
 
 * 20 
 21 
 22 
 28 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 
 0-005 -0*062 
 0-)6 0-899 0-914 0'936 0'961 0'964 0'964 0'954 0'939 - __ _______ 
 0-925 0-911 0-903 0'908 0'923 0'940 0'967 0'992 I'OOl 0'990 0'966 0'937 0'916 0'899 0'889 
 
 891 -902 -918 -939 -965 -978 -974 -958 -949 -934 -920 -915 '922 -935 -964 -989 1'006 -016 1-007 -993 -966 "938 -914 -897 
 895 -908 -926 -956 -983 -992 -989 -979 '970 -950 -930 -923 '929 -938 -954 -976 0-998 -Q12 -007 -982 -959 -930 -001 -890 
 897 -920 -941 '963 -979 -988 -986 -974 -961 -942 -924 -915 -918 -926 -939 -967 -988 "005 0-997 -937 -958 -928 '899 -878 
 890 -925 -928 '954 -977 -992 V009 -002 '986 -960 "934 -918 '915 -928 -945 -975 "996 -009 1'002 -993 -965 -933 -910 -901 
 908 -922 -939 '973 -999 1-005 '014 -009 '995 '979 '964 -955 '958 -969 -987 rois 1-048 '066 -063 1-045 1-003 '969 -937 -927 
 932 -939 -957 "983 '997 0-997 o-9'4 o-%4 '952 
 
 0-937 
 950 
 953 
 949 
 955 
 984 
 
 945 
 966 
 
 983 
 957 
 927 
 930 
 
 915 
 
 940 
 972 
 995 
 978 
 945 
 
 884 
 914 
 914 
 861 
 820 
 841 
 
 -935 -918 -895 '885 -913 -929 0-961 o-98i 0-999 0-995 0-972 0-939 -900 -881 -872 
 879 -893 -912 "938 '969 -971 -978 -976 '968 '956 -945 -938 "943 -965 -977 l'005 V023 1-038 ro32 i-ois -999 -971 -951 .943 
 951 -958 -968 '982 1'004 1-009 row i-oos -998 -984 -970 -954 -951 -970 -977 '002 -027 -045 -028 -009 -984 -956 - c >26 '915 
 905 -913 -930 -956 0-978 0-985 0-986 0-983 -977 -968 -960 -939 -931 -947 -961 -985 '006 '014 '005 0-980 -951 -928 -897 '874 
 875 -881 -894 '921 '944 -954 -956 -942 -925 "913 -902 -885 '881 -896 -919 '949 0-981 -Q03 -992 '982 -953 -922 -894 -887 
 886 -894 -910 -928 '945 -953 -956 '946 -940 "919 '898 '887 '889 -907 -943 -971 -996 -001 -988 '975 -944 -906 -880 -868 
 869 -881 -895 '913 '944 -956 -949 -942 -919 - 
 
 896 -873 -873 -886 -901 -918 "950 '969 0-984 -960 -944 -918 -888 -862 -856 
 865 -878 -899 '9]^ '940 -959 -964 '954 -947 '930 '913 -904 -907 -922 -948 "973 1-004 1-015 1-004 -988 -965 -944 -922 -90S 
 909 -917 -933 -958 -989 -996 -997 '989 "975 -956 '938 -930 -935 -956 -981 voos -Q34 -044 -039 1-099 -991 -Q59 -944 -QW 
 946 -965 '986 m9 ro7 1-049 rwo 1-025 1-001 -983 -965 -956 -960 -984 1-002 -031 -046 -054 -042 -017 -988 -951 -920 -916 
 922 -933 -956 0-978 0-996 -Q12 -020 '009 0-990 -976 -959 -947 '947 -965 -004 -017 -043 -049 -037 -008 -977 -939 -905 -894 
 897 -905 -921 '953 "975 o-985 0-984 0-975 '952 -934 -916 -906 -909 -934 -962 0-979 '003 -014 -009 0-082 -943 -903 -^74 -862 
 860 -866 -881 "893 '913 -921 -927 '919 -904 
 
 - '876 '848 -832 -829 -848 -877 '907 0-934 0-946 0-937 -910 -880 -853 -828 -81fi 
 820 -830 -863 '892 -908 -932 -938 "931 -920 '905 '899 -888 '898 -914 -933 -958 -981 -997 -991 -962 -947 -909 -879 -8fi4 
 873 -889 -909 '932 -954 -981 -985 '967 -951 -938 '925 -905 -898 -904 -909 -923 -943 -948 -940 -909 -877 -84fi -85K -811 
 820 -833 -850 "880 -902 -922 -905 '897 '882 '865 "848 -839 -842 -856 -866 -890 -908 '913 -900 '874 -840 -803 -774 -7^8 
 767 -760 -793 -811 -826 -842 -854 "843 -831 '822 '814 -812 -823 -829 -840 -860 -876 '882 -873 '842 -800 -775 -760 -744 
 753 -765 -787 -809 -838 -853 -848 '845 -839 '821 '804 -810 -828 -837 -868 -896 -909 "930 -991 -899 -868 -836 '813 -806 
 
 Means | 0-879 "890 -909 '933 -955 -966 -967 -958 -945 -928 -911 -901 -904 -919 -939 -965 -987 -999 -990 -969 -940 -908 -883 -871 
 
 934 
 
 The Numbers m these tolunw are not observed but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily Means and the Numbers on the heads of them are corrections of interpolation. 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 61 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (Corrected) 
 Barometer at 3ii=29 English Inches+the number in the Table 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17' 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily an( 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madrns 
 Meim Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. IL m. h. m. h. m. h m h. m, h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 31.41 22.41 *3.4l 0.41 1.41 i.41 3.41 
 
 Feb. 26 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 f 
 
 t_ 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 *J 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 ^ 13 
 14 
 - 1 15 
 W 16 
 
 K 
 
 -tj 18 
 S 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. [n. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. Jn. In. In. In. hi. In. In. 
 
 -0-028 -00*61 
 SO'flm (V^^ (VSM iv^fi n-<w* 0-099 IVOOT n-QO<> o-^os 
 
 in. 
 
 0-914 
 926 
 911 
 927 
 941 
 908 
 
 883 
 889 
 868 
 899 
 964 
 986 
 
 906 
 934 
 922 
 906 
 894 
 856 
 
 854 
 849 
 853 
 887 
 915 
 852 
 
 800 
 838 
 875 
 
 0-902 0-912 0-903 0'907 0'921 0'941 0'974 0'999 I'OIO 0'997 0-9(17 0'938 0-90C 0-881 0'867 
 
 880 -888 -919 '936 -959 -960 -959 "946 -930 -914 -904 -894 -897 -913 -936 -958 -986 o-nyo '980 -947 -920 -889 -867 '851 
 847 -859 -883 -900 -925 -930 -933 '923 -903 "891 '884 -880 '888 -907 -938 -961 -980 '992 -980 '947 '916 -889 -865 '855 
 850 -861 -886 -908 -932 -949 -949 -939 -921 -910 -905 "903 -913 -923 -951 -976 -993 1-002 '991 -964 -940 -916 -887 '875 
 878 -888 -907 "931 -955 -960 "962 -954 -937 '922 '913 '912 -923 -944 -969 -989 1-005 '008 1-009 "982 -945 -916 -889 -876 
 867 -872 -884 -908 -929 -950 '945 -933 -920 -910 '905 '892 -891 -908 -935 -962 o-967 0-970 0-946 '922 -891 -855 -828 -808 
 81 ft -89Q -s/iR 'Rfin -R83 -ann -oni -SQQ -RRfi 
 
 - - ______ -873 -865 -861 -869 -888 -902 -929 '955 '962 -937 '912 '891 -859 -833 -824 
 831 -845 -868 '896 -904 -910 '901 '895 '889 -874 "864 -854 -856 -885 -915 '936 '950 '974 -962 -926 '889 -861 -828 '822 
 808 -821 -837 '863 -883 '891 "897 -896 -882 -863 '849 '845 -853 -878 -892 -907 '927 -935 '924 '889 '860 -830 -815 "791 
 808 -824 -841 -864 -892 '911 '916 -910 '889 '882 '881 '879 -889 -899 -920 '951 '969 '978 -971 '943 "919 -892 -b82 '869 
 872 -882 -897 -936 -946 '969 '973 "962 -953 '942 '937 "937 -949 -968 '994 1-025 1-042 1-049 1-040 roio '990 -968 -942 -938 
 937 -944 -961 -982 i- io 1-020 1-025 1-011 '985 -973 '966 "958 -963 -989 1-002 '022 '046 -052 "034 -005 -979 -947 -930 -926 
 931 -940 -950 -974 -994 '009 0-993 0-976 '958 - 
 -933 '914 -910 -918 -933 0-944 0-966 0-991 0-99.3 0-982 0-95-1 '930 -897 -880 -874 
 882 -889 '921 '941 -970 0-974 '966 -959 -939 -922 '911 -907 -916 -919 -939 -956 '989 -989 -977 -956 -930 -911 -885 -874 
 881 -894 -914 -933 -949 -959 '954 -935 -922 -907 -898 '891 -897 -906 -924 -952 '972 '989 -979 '948 -918 -894 -863 -853 
 860 -868 '896 -910 -930 -943 '941 -932 -903 -887 '877 '872 -880 -895 -916 -942 -961 -961 -948 '926 -902 -875 -853 -858 
 853 -865 -886 -899 -920 '934 '935 -920 -904 -891 -884 -880 -889 -895 -908 -928 -941 -947 -933 -898 '876 -827 -822 -816 
 812 -818 -833 -857 -874 -889 '888 '885 -873 '861 '854 -850 -858 -870 '878 '894 -901 "898 -884 "864 -836 -810 -779 -768 
 785 7QS -807 S'M -8 r >l -871 -880 -877 -Kfi'i - 
 
 -853 -849 -842 -847 -865 "885 -904 -920 -921 -909 -881 "849 -820 -799 -786 
 783 -799 -816 "847 -875 -887 '879 -864 -850 -835 '826 -826 -832 -854 -865 -888 -907 -906 -902 -878 '844 -822 -800 -790 
 785 -797 -817 '844 -864 -881 '877 '872 '850 '819 '833 '830 -840 -851 '872 -901 '914 '917 -912 '890 '864 -833 "813 -799 
 806 -814 -834 -859 -881 -892 "896 -893 -882 -873 "869 -869 -882 -895 "912 -935 -956 -956 -949 -926 -908 -884 -869 -853 
 840 -851 -879 '899 -922 -944 -948 -938 -925 -916 -913 '906 -911 -930 -939 -958 -977 '976 -960 -946 -914 -880 -850 -834 
 829 -838 -850 '872 '883 '888 '889 '883 -869 -851 -839 '834 -841 -857 -871 "891 -896 -902 "878 -847 "822 -797 -767 '751 
 
 74,' 1 ? -7^fi -7RR -8(10 'R9A -SA.A. '8'-!n -RIO -7QJ. 
 
 _ _ -779 ;770 -765 -773 -794 -824 -850 -868 -865 -853 -829 -798 -767 -746 -735 
 744 -758 -790 '814 '829 '840 -843 -824 -813 -802 -796 -801 -818 -836 -874 -899 "918 '925 -917 '894 -870 -850 -832 -316 
 814 -829 -841 -850 -868 '891 -885 -885 "878 -868 '863 '867 -884 '887 -904 -923 -940 -944 -934 -900 '870 '849 -828 -807 
 
 Means [-836 '846 -867 "889 -909 -923 -921 -912 -897 '885 '877 '873 "881 '897 "917 '940 -958 '963 -952 -924 '897 '868 '846 -834 1 0'895 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 f 
 
 4 
 
 K 
 O 
 
 6 
 
 n 
 I 
 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 1 
 I^ lO 
 
 QO 14 
 ~ 15 
 
 S3 16 
 tf 17 
 
 % is 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 0-U26 0-058 
 0-802 0-809 0-821 0'843 0'854 0'873 0'868 0-850 0'839 0'824 0'814 0'816 0'829 0'859 0'870 0'895 0'916 0'916 0'905 0'878 0-852 0'825 0'808 O'SOO 
 
 803 -808 -831 -849 -875 -896 -894 -889 '869 -848 "832 -832 -844 -853 -869 '890 '935 -939 -924 -893 -856 -825 -800 -791 
 790 -806 -833 '857 '883 '899 -894 -884 '865 '853 '846 "849-863 '884 -897 '943 '976 -967 '950 -920 "892 -869 -842 '832 
 819 '824 -834 -RfH -888 -QOQ -QOfi -RQfi -Rfifi 
 
 0-849 
 860 
 879 
 
 887 
 897 
 887 
 881 
 854 
 851 
 
 837 
 835 
 838 
 784 
 740 
 774 
 
 792 
 792 
 799 
 814 
 807 
 822 
 
 834 
 829 
 814 
 794 
 793 
 
 -870 -880 -879 '890 "899 -918 '935 '952 '952 -941 -922 -898 -875 -849 '835 
 820 "834 -866 -882 -894 '902 -917 '923 -889 '879 "874 '875 '887 '918 '943 -954 -971 -969 "954 -935 -901 -868 -839 -830 
 818 -836 -848 '868 '892 -90S -914 -901 -888 '867 '851 -848 '857 '883 -906 "937 "968 '959 '964 -956 -926 -854 -822 -816 
 825 -834 -852 '883 -902 '921 -923 '900 -886 '874 '867 '865 '875 '884 '904 -928 '941 -945 -933 .906 "869 -834 -811 -791 
 789 -802 -819 '845 -870 "887 -889 '885 -869 '849 '835 "835 '847 '855 '877 '891 -912 "916 '889 '873 '840 -821 -804 '791 
 781 -797 -820 "838 -857 '876 -881 '875 -862 '842 '827 '816 '816 "849 -871 '897 -910 "917 '900 '882 "858 -836 -820 -803 
 
 7QQ .RD^ '818 '84.4. -8R7 -889 -874, -8^8 -8^4. 
 
 -820-792 -797 '813 '844 -852 -875 -885 '886 -878 -864 -828 -802 -780 -770 
 768 -783 -788 '811 -826 -850 -847 "842 -833 '823 "819 -823 '838 '853 -873 "895 -908 '894 -883 -868 -840 -810 -784 -771 
 769 -781 -803 '829 -846 '873 -896 '889 -845 '833 '826 -827 '840 '850 -872 -887 -898 '902 -876 -859 -813 -787 -760 -747 
 738 -741 -764 "798 -812 '825 "833 "813 -807 '791 '780 -775 '782 '795 -818 -842 -844 "829 -813 -789 -746 -719 -692 -677 
 669 -679 -700 '715 750 769 767 758 752 740 '733 726 731 750 761 793 '803 '809 787 770 741 714 -680 -671 
 609 -683 708 734 758 781 787 780 762 756 755 756 769 795 '819 '838 -877 '866 '847 -825 793 760 737 723 
 
 718 -797 -7RR -7QR -Rl R -S^O -R^^ -84 -8^9 
 
 794 761 759 769 778 797 -820 '842 '842 '834 -805 782 759 732 727 
 722 735 753 779 798 '819 '815 '813 791 773 761 762 774 793 "814 -839 '853 '857 -849 -832 799 778 759 743 
 736 749 774 787 -820 '834 -832 '807 798 777 762 760 769 785 '817 '837 -862 '870 -854 -841 -805 777 764 750 
 747 750 772 '800 '828 '858 '856 -839 -816 796 782 768 765 788 '825 -867 '890 "898 -886 -874 -828 791 767 751 
 750 768 781 799 '841 -854 -850 '833 "815 796 782 767 763 792 -800 -837 -859 -865 '851 -839 -817 789 764 767 
 752 764 789 -815 -846 "860 '858 '838 '824 '807 795 792 '800 "807 '837 '860 "875 -876 -866 '859 -828 -813 -801 777 
 
 77O -7Q1 -81 . -KA" .Rftl .874. -874, 'RR7 R'V! 
 
 ______ _, -816 "801 -803 -816 -826 -845 -866 '877 '880 '871 '858 -834 '818 793 784 
 782 798 -823 '837 '839 -850 -844 '830 '822 -811 '805 -806 -819 -829 '853 -868 '885 '881 '872 '856 -828 '803 793 772 
 771 776 798 -822 '832 -849 -843 '841 '827 '806 790 787 796 '804 '831 -844 -861 '870 '858 '838 -813 782 760 736 
 735 758 784 -811 -828 '838 '837 '830 798 783 773 772 783 -801 '806 '826 "836 '832 '824 -815 780 752 727 719 
 718 740 766 '792 "805 -818 '818 '807 787 771 761 752 755 778 '805 '833 '841 -853 '842 -832 '812 798 775 764 
 
 Means 0764 776 -797 -821 -842 '860 '860 '850 '832 -815 '804 '802 '811 '829 -849 '873 -892 -892 '879 -861 -830 -802 '779 767 
 
 0-829 
 
 ' The Numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining tlie daily means and the numbers on the heads of them are corrections of interpolations. 
 
 16 
 
62 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 BAROMETRIC PEES SURE (Corrected) 
 Barometer at 32 =29 English Inches + the number in the Table 
 
 Gottinpen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 
 
 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 
 
 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 1-si- 
 
 tt- ",- 
 
 fcs ?, is- its iv?; fca its 
 
 
 Daily and 
 Monthly 
 Menus 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 1-7 
 17 
 
 is 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 -0*029 
 
 0-833 0-806 
 791 - 
 
 739 
 
 740 -729 
 754 -747 
 791 -777 
 756 724 
 657 -637 
 704 - 
 
 - 704 
 795 770 
 778 760 
 781 763 
 76 L 743 
 
 759 -727 
 
 760 - 
 730 
 
 740 -713 
 724 718 
 745 724 
 745 723 
 719 713 
 713 - 
 
 - 705 
 744 728 
 719 704 
 668 -652 
 675 -666 
 691 -679 
 
 0765 
 706 
 
 666 
 677 
 089 
 692 
 612 
 607 
 
 678 
 703 
 715 
 712 
 690 
 666 
 
 641 
 654 
 670 
 695 
 652 
 646 
 
 663 
 623 
 596 
 552 
 591 
 650 
 
 0779 
 716 
 
 683 
 693 
 704 
 703 
 618 
 645 
 
 699 
 711 
 722 
 711 
 700 
 671 
 
 666 
 675 
 685 
 711 
 671 
 660 
 
 679 
 655 
 606 
 566 
 597 
 661 
 
 0-789 0-817 0-840 0'851 0'865 0'859 
 
 743 767 792 796 -811 '814 
 
 708 730 744 765 759 757 
 714 736 759 777 777 758 
 728 760 789 -811 -812 792 
 723 758 767 789 -793 786 
 629 -644 -653 -677 -699 -690 
 650 -683 730 779 779 750 
 
 720 747 772 -815 -826 -817 
 727 763 788 792 788 781 
 739 758 784 -808 -807 -800 
 743 774 784 787 792 781 
 725 758 787 794 781 763 
 700 714 741 765 754 769 
 
 690 713 735 758 766 750 
 703 730 753 768 760 754 
 702 724 751 770 766 764 
 734 743 756 784 786 767 
 684 707 720 736 735 -730 
 683 714 729 744 739 -718 
 
 690 714 737 753 760 755 
 671 -697 711 722 724 726 
 614 -645 -664 -677 -676 -670 
 604 -628 -664 -687 702 -695 
 620 -660 -695 714 714 710 
 681 -699 734 731 732 731 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 * 
 
 i~T72 0771 070 0'808 0'881 0-838 0'838 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 827 0-813 0-773 IC747 0-725 0712 O'SOl 
 
 0-8 
 
 in. 
 
 692 -686 '692 -719 747 771 775 779 
 723 725 740 702 784 '808 '818 '820 
 
 746 750 767 781 792 -818 -819 796 
 768 759 762 782 796 '818 '823 '809 
 701 -694 '699 724 735 771 774 757 
 623 -632 "654 '669 "688 708 712 714 
 
 710 -714 731 747 769 787 799 '807 
 752 754 769 799 "812 '819 '823 -822 
 
 747 735 735 752 780 -808 -816 '836 
 751 749 760 775 791 '804 -820 '819 
 730 -722 726 750 768 787 785 778 
 700 704 720 736 760 777 791 799 
 
 755 741 710 -680 -660 '654 
 799 -770 746 713 '688 '670 
 778 769 732 715 '692 '679 
 787 767 750 725 704 -690 
 747 739 702 '062 "634 -611 1 
 698 '686 -652 -616 -602 -614 
 
 789 774 749 717 -692 -677 
 810 -795 765 '740 -717 -709 
 828 '822 790 769 741 717 
 800 788 769 759 725 716 
 759 755 727 '699 -694 '689 
 785 767 736 717 '087 -670 
 
 705 702 712 724 759 780 784 789 
 692 -696 712 733 767 780 793 793 
 717 716 727 742 770 787 792 793 
 708 704 713 731 759 772 778 789 
 
 706 -693 -693 715 723 736 746 747 
 713 704 708 722 750 765 782 784 
 
 702 707 725 744 759 771 775 775 
 717 709 713 727 754 771 781 774 
 694 -690 -698 708 722 731 741 740 
 642 -639 -648 -667 -696 -709 "716 -710 
 662 -661 -073 '686 704 721 726 724 
 673 -674 -688 718 -733 -759 758 747 
 
 770 -755 728 '691 '670 -651 
 776 757 731 701 '680 -659 
 776 758 730 708 "684 -673 
 
 770 763 741 710 '692 -682 
 732 715 710 -679 "656 -654 
 
 771 751 721 -699 "674 -656 
 
 774 757 736 705 -683 -672 
 762 742 719 '691 -656 -026 
 710 -688 '656 '630 -004 -.">97 
 688 -666 '639 '613 -590 -570 
 715 -688 -663 '645 -621 -01 
 728 718 700 '677 -040 -038 
 
 ________ -706 -697 -693 -701 -713 -749 -773 -771 -771 -751 -739 -706 -678 -655 -643 712 
 
 -739 
 744 
 751 
 
 766 
 
 727 
 
 729 
 772 
 769 
 771 
 748 
 743 
 
 729 
 727 
 734 
 734 
 723 
 719 
 
 722 
 724 
 690 
 653 
 664 
 689 
 
 Means 0-662 "676 -697 -722 -745 "763 '765 -757 -741 -723 -710 "707 '717 '735 -757 '775 '782 -781 -765 '749 -722 "696 -672 -659 j 0-728 
 
 S 
 
 c 
 
 1C 
 11 
 
 -| 15 
 H 
 
 18 
 
 0-639 0-6C1 0-687 713 0732 0737 0748 
 
 608 -622 -650 '695 719 737 730 . 
 641 -654 -687 706 732 754 757 7 
 628 -634 -672 704 719 731 738 
 667 '696 -698 716 733 752 759 
 716 729 717 749 776 "800 "821 
 
 640 '648 '673 700 731 756 747 
 617 '626 -650 '680 704 718 728 7 
 622 -632 -646 '678 708 720 731 
 688 "699 728 751 770 782 796 
 630 '636 -646 '682 700 718 724 
 564 '589 -629 '648 '656 '677 706 
 
 041 
 615 
 616 
 632 
 
 -670 '686 707 
 '623 '647 '661 
 -623 -639 '661 
 -644 '677 '731 
 
 -721 736 744 
 "678 701 705 
 '678 717 703 
 729 736 '734 
 
 0-029 
 0'724 0-711 0-GW7 
 
 723 -726 -713 
 752 -740 -729 
 735 -725 -710 
 785 -781 743 
 818 780 - 
 
 - - 765 
 744 730 714 
 
 726 719 -706 
 
 720 -698 -685 
 
 785 -769 -760 
 
 694 -684 -670 
 
 698 -683 
 
 - - -682 
 732 -722 -703 
 687 -657 -648 
 693 -687 -668 
 725 -717 -703 
 
 0-048 
 0-(;<J2 0'64 0705 0722 
 
 705 700 705 711 
 717 714 72] 724 
 700 -699 707 728 
 711 715 729 735 
 
 0745 0750 0753 0749 0741 
 
 740 765 781 -776 759 
 742 758 760 770 752 
 749 -762 781 777.748 
 
 746 769 777 783 789 
 
 0712 0'684 0'655 0'628 0-(il6 
 
 -739 706 '666 '646 '632 
 719 '696 -669 -651 '632 
 
 0704 
 706 
 716 
 
 716 -685 -665 '655 -637 I -709 
 770 758 733 712 709 740 
 
 -756 740 733 750 
 
 704 '694 -694 706 
 
 "699 -674 -659 -683 
 
 '678 -687 '705 -752 
 
 757 746 745 756 
 
 "662 -637 -622 -635 
 
 759 764 776 774 772 
 718 733 759 770 759 
 -692 '711 '732 734 -723 
 -790 -815 -816 -812 -789 
 761 771 772 760 755 
 -652 '675 -683 '684 -674 
 
 -756 725 '698 "668 '(361 
 725 710 -671 '640 '624 
 -705 '677 '660 '633 -628 
 "770 -755 '740 706 -696 
 730 709 "675 "655 '630 
 -659 -626 '612 '581 -565 
 
 -687 -684 -691 -709 
 '690 '686 -692 716 
 '645 '651 -667 '674 
 '655 -658 '671 '693 
 '694 -694 703 726 
 
 -720 -739 '765 '776 -762 
 717 735 751 760 -746 
 719 721 736 730 717 
 703 724 745 747 740 
 739 751 -762 765 745 
 
 752 733 703 '670 -651 
 721 -697 -675 '657- '639 
 690 -670 -650 '638 -624 j 
 719 -696 -678 '660 -648 
 724 703 -669 '040 -625 
 
 750 
 708 
 687 
 723 
 740 
 656 
 
 691 
 
 706 
 -673 
 
 684 
 707 
 
 19 
 
 on 
 
 620 -638 
 
 .ar\c\ -fifn 
 
 677 
 
 fi88 
 
 705 
 
 '687 
 
 720 
 
 7O1 
 
 736 
 
 70*1 
 
 750 
 
 7OO 
 
 744 
 fiftfi 
 
 718 -697 
 
 R7R 
 
 681 
 
 680 -689 -699 713 729 737 -739 717 '692 -664 '646 '627 '627 
 
 694 
 
 OJ 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 
 97 
 
 570 '592 
 623 '635 
 660 -676 
 657 '659 
 668 718 
 
 KKK -KK9 
 
 618 
 662 
 703 
 675 
 734 
 
 .7 Of; 
 
 '631 
 "679 
 
 724 
 701 
 745 
 740 
 
 642 
 700 
 744 
 728 
 772 
 7fi7 
 
 673 
 714 
 762 
 737 
 781 
 
 7QQ 
 
 682 
 731 
 765 
 
 755 
 771 
 
 778 
 
 676 
 727 
 761 
 741 
 761 
 772 
 
 - -659 
 663 -654 
 715 718 
 745 737 
 733 725 
 752 743 
 7*18 
 
 648 
 651 
 712 
 735 
 722 
 740 
 
 647 -655 -664 '689 707 719 707 -689 -671 '643 '620 '595 '577 
 649 -656 -672 -688 '692 721 723 717 '687 -678 -662 '647 -631 
 710 717 -730 753 767 783 781 774 749 721 706 '677 -663 
 730 735 743 767 786 784 783 770 742 719 '698 "684 -663 
 724 736 742 774 787 '804 -800 782 754 730 709 '691 '607 
 743 755 759 783 "806 '814 -813 -806 777 749 722 -692 '671 
 
 666 
 661 
 714 
 734 
 731 
 753 
 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 668 '680 
 658 -674 
 
 711 
 
 696 
 
 727 
 721 
 
 743 
 750 
 
 754 
 766 
 
 750 
 779 
 
 740 
 756 
 
 - -735 
 7'29 -728 
 739 729 
 
 717 
 
 718 
 725 
 
 709 711 717 736 753 771 781 779 757 742 720 '682 '671 
 718 727 742 761 792 -794 791 781 760 731 -706 -685 -665 
 724 733 747 771 '793 '805 -802 787 -767 -740 714 702 '692 
 
 736 
 733 
 740 
 
 Means 
 
 1 0-637 '653 
 
 678 
 
 702 
 
 721 
 
 738 
 
 743 
 
 735 
 
 722 -708 
 
 700 
 
 696 702 717 736 752 765 765 753 729 706 -682 '659 -644 
 
 0710 
 
 * The Numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means and the numbers on the heads of them are corrections of interpolations. 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 63 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (Corrected) 
 Barometer at :>2 C =29 English Inches 4- the Number in the Table 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. li. m. h. m. li. m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m, h. m. h, m. h. m. h. in. h. m. h,m. h m. h m. h m. h. m. h. m. h m h m hi 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 &41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 28.11 0.41 1.41 3.4l' 3.41' 
 
 \ 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 f- 12 
 ag 13 
 
 7 14 
 
 tH 15 
 
 S 16 
 
 5 il 
 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0-020 0-035 
 0-C87 0-696 071:! 0726 0730 0751 07(10 0755 0748 0'734 0723 0721 0725 0735 0746 0762 0774 0760 0743 0713 0'696 0'670 0'653 0'634 
 
 640 -675 -692 -733 '744 -744 -761 -758 -740 -728 '719 -717 '722 -728 -755 -764 -779 -772 -763 '727 -702 -673 -651 -635 
 624 -630 -658 -684 702 712 730 727 -714 -697 '684 -683 '689 -713 '727 '744 -758 '757 -741 -712 '686 -655 "631 '610 
 014 '623 -647 -696 707 753 740 '723 -705 - 
 
 In. 
 
 0723 
 722 
 695 
 
 693 
 695 
 718 
 739 
 747 
 711 
 
 705 
 713 
 694 
 670 
 661 
 674 
 
 720 
 737 
 751 
 
 752 
 760 
 766 
 
 748 
 773 
 772 
 709 
 670 
 707 
 
 693 -684 -687 '696 706 722 736 735 744 727 700 '678 -659 -631 -622 
 616 -633 -651 '675 '687 708 717 707 -697 '690 "686 -684 '689 -703 '732 '744 -752 '752 -754 -731 -704 -678 -656 '633 
 626 -643 -669 709 726 740 743 741 730 723 719 718 "723 -732 -750 -767 -774 '773 -763 -741 716 -696 -671 -650 
 644 -661 -683 '709 725 752 756 "759 755 751 751 751 758 773 '788 "791 -796 793 '782 763 -727 -709 -692 -665 
 693 710 715 735 -773 -791 -801 -781 -757 748 '742 738 '740 -744 "759 '777 "795 795 789 -764 -734 -710 -678 -661 
 051 -662 -671 -696 722 -752 -771 "760 -735 -723 '714 -712 '717 '726 741 750 '752 "752 736 -708 -681 -663 "638 -636 
 622 -631 -660 '681 -699 727 752 742 -738 
 
 -718 702 705 714 721 732 743 757 754 738 "718 '694 -668 '653 -639 
 630 -649 -676 -698 722 739 749 738 -733 -721 '713 '713 '719 -728 "744 -750 -765 764 '750 -730 -707 -676 '660 -638 
 630 -647 -656 '679 701 715 721 -731 -706 -702 -702 '704 -712 -715 '735 740 752 746 727 '698 '672 -646 '618 -607 
 615 -628 -653 '671 -690 -704 -727 -702 -689 -671 '657 "654 "657 '674 '695 715 -728 '719 '692 -671 -655 -624 -608 -591 
 601 -610 -637 -655 -667 -682 -090 -685 -665 '654 '647 '644 '647 '657 "681 -701 -719 '715 '702 -681 -657 -631 '616 -608 
 599 -620 -638 '673 700 700 709 704 -690 -674 '661 '658 '661 -676 700 712 -719 "721 '708 '697 "669 -651 -622 -615 
 007 '620 "644 -674 700 735 740 728 -717 
 
 -725 736 -731 -733 739 "769 -774 -785 '781 766 747 726 -715 -698 '685 
 07--) -086 717 737 760 777 772 764 752 744 740 730 729 734 767 783 791 792 777 740 717 -683 '665 '660 
 659 -695 709 718 740 764 778 773 768 767 769 756 749 748 768 787 -813 '815 "802 '775 "743 727 -705 -684 
 671 -691 725 -744 774 792 784 770 763 754 -749 -753 -763 '737 -751 -753 -776 '783 '794 -788 769 750 715 '696 
 692 733 -743 764 766 777 784 766 761 754 -751 -750 '756 '763 -784 -786 -795 '808 '801 781 765 741 722 705 
 692 701 727 -765 -791 -804 -820 -808 -803 '786 '773 -760 "753 "761 -780 -803 '809 -815 -799 767 "752 -726 -704 -675 
 674 -692 706 736 762 768 782 774 761 
 
 744 731 723 721 730 738 764 782 794 795 788 776 751 734 721 
 716 733 758 779 '808 '832 '832 796 747 749 754 754 761 775 789 796 "803 '805 799 770 761 754 747 735 
 730 741 771 792 -804 -815 -818 -809 778 763 751 751 757 783 797 -805 '817 '813 797 769 746 728 '695 -687 
 681 -691 717 730 745 756 766 745 700 '694 -691 '690 '696 712 728 746 752 743 727 710 -679 -661 '645 "621 
 608 -622 -636 -679 -688 -697 -687 '683 -667 -661 -658 '660 -668 '687 705 714 723 727 704 -687 -663 -643 '619 '599 
 603 -630 -669 -687 710 740 742 730 718 713 711 711 718 730 741 764 763 761 751 721 -696 -663 '650 -647 
 
 Means 0-6J8 -665 "687 -712 '731 -749 -757 "747 "731 '722 '715 -713 -718 '727 "745 -758 '769 -769 -757 -733 -710 -687 -666 -650 (0719 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 C 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 > 13 
 1 14 
 
 QQ 16 
 
 g 17 
 p 18 
 ^ 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 O'Oie 0-030 
 
 0'64 0'654 0'684 0702 0' 7 26 0751 0745 0734 0738 
 
 0764 
 802 
 774 
 769 
 771 
 753 
 
 743 
 719 
 
 718 
 718 
 709 
 742 
 
 713 
 
 708 
 737 
 741 
 744 
 750 
 
 789 
 787 
 776 
 775 
 808 
 809 
 
 779 
 
 778 
 
 0754 0773 0778 0789 0797 O'Sll 0'840 O'SSl 0'847 0'843 0'825 0798 0774 0747 0727 
 726 736 -751 785 -811 '837 '851 '842 -830 -811 '795 -798 -807 -820 -828 -848 '867 '858 -842 "821 787 760 732 '713 
 713 -720 -725 "758 -773 -786 "793 '800 "790 -779 771 -771 777 -804 -829 '841 -843 '831 -808 "783 -758 -727 705 '685 
 680 -696 -717 "752 -781 -798 "794 '778 '770 '764 -761 '762 -769 -785 -803 '816 '820 '826 "822 '802 776 747 722 711 
 711 722 731 755 783 -808 '806 791 782 775 772 771 776 789 '801 '814 '816 '814 -804 780 757 737 .706 -693 
 686 715 727 735 764 779 781 785 766 760 757 759 766 780 788 793 '805 796 7e5 765 725 708 '676 "662 
 665 '669 '679 706 727 772 780 769 76 
 
 _ _ -754 749 -75Q 756 766 787 '807 '818 '808 787 757 727 702 '676 '662 
 656 -663 '673 '690 724 736 742 741 738 730 726 726 731 742 758 776 786 781 755 718 701 '669 '653 '640 
 642 -645 -667 -693 728 757 748 735 720 713 710 713 722 737 755 769 781 779 771 741 711 "686 '666 "653 
 651 '664 -679 706 729 743 746 733 731 724 721 721 726 734 748 772 782 784 770 736 702 -673 '647 '620 
 624 -646 -659 '688 733 764 761 735 702 '695 '691 '691 "697 715 745 768 778 778 763 732 704 -668 '636 '634 
 639 -654 '669 716 743 767 773 786 762 754 749 750 757 771 787 '805 '814 '812 780 758 727 700 '670 '660 
 667 '687 712 736 760 774 772 764 752 
 
 727 705 706 713 719 729 750 749 739 723 700 '665 -648 '615 '597 
 596 '603 -622 '647 708 734 729 728 716 712 712 713 719 733 747 772 775 784 776 753 723 '694 '659 -644 
 633 '650 '677 727 752 774 767 756 749 736 726 726 731 744 764 790 794 798 784 775 752 721 -696 -673 
 673 '683 '692 732 752 766 765 759 753 748 746 747 754 765 777 788 796 -804 778 758 719 -695 -661 -662 
 659 '670 '697 715 742 772 781 777 763 751 743 743 748 761 778 789 '810 '802 792 760 735 706 -685 -671 
 673 -684 703 727 746 790 774 768 755 746 740 738 742 757 777 '800 '812 -817 796 773 750 725 712 703 
 700 707 71 756 778 ^3 '8-M' '807 788 
 
 789 794 794 '800 -815 "831 '845 -852 '852 '840 -818 783 749 732 720 
 716 727 754 779 "808 '810 "822 "819 790 786 786 790 '800 '808 '823 '840 '843 -840 '829 796 760 739 719 705 
 701 716 737 766 785 -815 '828 '818 '808 '801 798 788 784 782 792 '812 "829 '823 '809 785 753 719 702 -680 
 681 704 717 708 '803 '810 799 789 779 767 758 758 764 780 -800 '835 '841 -837 '825 799 773 756 728 -722 
 720 734 761 784 '812 -825 '825 '825 '819 -815 '814 '813 "817 '826 -843 .862 '872 '873 '858 "826 789 761 758 748 
 749 700 776 795 -824 '847 '854 '839 '815 -803 794 798 '807 -830 -845 -867 -880 -870 '850 '821 786 -756 -721 -718 
 712 '729 -754 '78'2 -SOS -8-21 '82fi '81 S -SOfi - 
 
 786 -769 -770 -777 -786 '800 -830 '840 -836 -813 781 754 718 -696 -693 
 692 700 -724 747 -787 797 '790 "786 -781 -774 -771 "781 -796 -806 '814 -843 -854 -842 -830 '805 772 -746 726 720 
 
 Means | 0-077 '690 '708 "736 -765 -787 -788 -780 '768 "760 -755 '756 '762 "775 -791 '810 "820 -817 -801 '776 "746 -719 -694 -681 0'757 
 
 * The Numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means and the numbers on the heads of them are corrections of interpolations 
 
64 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 BAKOMETRIC PEESSURE (Corrected) 
 
 Barometer at 32 = 29 English Inches+the number in the Table 
 
 Gottingeii 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 
 
 
 Daily and 
 
 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Madras 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m, h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 
 Means 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5.41 0.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.11 10.41 17.41 18.41 10.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 S.il 
 
 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 In. 
 
 ' 
 
 0*027 0*057 
 
 
 
 0-721 0-750 0-767 0'781 0-792 0'814 0'822 0'836 0'832 0'812 0797 0795 0'805 0'827 0'826 0-840 O'SoG 0'849 0'834 0'814 0783 0756 0729 0720 
 
 0-798 
 
 2 
 
 726 740 753 775 -808 '833 -826 -806 799 788 '782 779 787 799 '821 '845 '864 -864 -855 "829 796 762 729 710 
 
 795 
 
 2 
 
 714 725 751 769 -791 '810 -824 -820 796 780 770 773 788 795 '813 '837 '847 '842 '831 '811 780 745 722 712 
 
 785 
 
 4 
 
 718 734 748 770 790 -803 '806 -814 -804 790 781 779 789 797 '816 '835 '836 '835 '824 '800 769 741 720 703 
 
 783 
 
 
 
 702 714 740 749 -766 '802 '813 -807 790 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 -768 752 749 758 763 777 '810 '821 '815 '807 789 763 732 707 '694 
 
 766 
 
 7 
 
 692 702 714 729 754 770 779 777 777 758 744 747 762 -772 791 '806 '822 '818 '808 781 748 -714 702 -684 
 
 756 
 
 g 
 
 698 710 733 770 793 '812 '818 -804 795 779 769 766 -775 779 '805 '841 '858 '855 -830 "804 764 729 712 -696 
 
 779 
 
 9 
 
 701 723 732 750 771 775 -769 764 765 758 756 763 782 -800 '808 '826 -843 "841 -820 799 760 .725 -704 -696 
 
 768 
 
 10 
 
 694 717 751 770 793 -814 '814 -804 791 788 790 792 -805 -823 '845 '870 -879 '873 '842 '825 778 763 745 740 
 
 796 
 
 11 
 
 747 763 789 '815 -829 -841 -857 -847 '824 -818 -817 '817 "828 -842 '861 '886 '892 '885 '868 '842 -812 784 767 745 
 
 824 
 
 *. 12 
 
 760 779 -812 -827 -862 -867 -873 -861 -847 - 
 
 
 
 
 3 13 
 
 793 744 744 756 767 -801 '825 '839 '836 "823 '803 -768 -738 721 716 
 
 798 
 
 *H 14 
 
 710 731 770 -809 -818 -866 -874 -848 -818 -814 -815 -811 '818 -807 -836 '857 '881 '876 "864 '839 -815 798 -777 -768 
 
 818 
 
 P3 15 
 
 774 786 -802 -837 -849 -876 -860 -857 '839 -820 -807 -801 '807 -819 -837 '858 '871 '874 '879 '867 -843 -809 772 736 
 
 828 
 
 CQ 16 
 
 739 757 765 794 -802 -821 -826 -810 767 760 758 755 764 775 798 '821 '832 '818 797 779 742 721 709 -691 
 
 775 
 
 17 
 
 677 -690 712 -733 -754 776 782 760 739 726 719 711 715 731 748 753 769 -776 '768 733 709 -688 '672 -658 
 
 729 
 
 H 18 
 
 659 -674 -689 717 741 762 764 748 732 722 -718 714 722 740 765 795 '818 '817 '818 783 739 703 -687 -677 
 
 738 
 
 19 
 
 674 -703 735 756 786 -814 -812 793 782 ___________ 
 
 
 | 20 
 
 -807 -837 -829 -833 -867 -895 '901 '926 -930 -920 "890 -859 -827 -807 -796 
 
 824 
 
 5/3 21 794 -810 -820 -833 -853 -880 '888 -887 '879 -872 -870 -872 '886 -893 -915 -936 "951 "940 '922 '892 -864 -838 -817 -806 
 
 872 
 
 22 
 
 811 -822 -842 -865 -889 -903 -905 '900 '916 -906 -902 -896 '901 914 -942 -958 '971 -974 -945 '920 -885 -857 -835 -833 
 
 895 
 
 23 
 
 844 -851 -873 -882 -905 -916 -915 '896 -892 -889 -891 -886 -892 -901 -921 '933 -937 -937 -918 '884 -848 -821 -803 -805 
 
 885 
 
 24 
 
 823 -835 -850 -891 -914 -930 -937 '919 -907 -899 -897 -896 '907 -923 -927 -944 -955 -947 '922 -892 -869 -839 -829 -822 
 
 895 
 
 25 
 
 828 -840 -865 -893 -920 -937 -928 '928 '921 -910 -90S -900 '907 -925 -946 -957 '968 -963 '93*4 -902 -865 '835 -819 -810 
 
 900 
 
 26 
 
 814 '829 -854 -874 -904 -921 -914 -894 '889 " 
 
 
 27 
 
 -860 -836 -829 '833 -845 -863 '885 -889 -885 '865 '838 -806 '777 762 768 
 
 851 
 
 28 
 
 784 -808 -829 -856 '872 -878 -880 '873 -843 '839 '841 '838 '847 '857 '878 '898 -910 -900 '873 '845 -811 781 770 -771 
 
 845 
 
 29 
 
 788 -816 -839 -858 '886 '885 -876 '878 '869 -855 '847 '835 '834 -841 -869 "895 -897 -886 '872 '846 -817 789 765 -782 
 
 847 
 
 30 
 
 787 -806 '820 '846 -864 -889 -884 -877 '872 -845 -824 -820 -828 -837 -857 '874 -883 -877 -858 -828 .803 -778 -761 -752 
 
 836 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 Means 0715 -762 783 806 '827 -846 -848 -839 '826 '814 '807 -804 -813 '825 -845 '865 '877 '874 -858 '832 '800 -771 -752 742 
 
 0-815 
 
 * * 
 
 
 -0-037 -0-047 
 
 
 I 0772 0-800 0-811 0'S40 0'853 0'867 0'874 0'843 0'839 0'826 0'820 0'816 0'821 0'840 0'852 0'880 0'889 0'880 0'866 0'838 O'SIO 0784 0763 0'758 
 
 2 770 785 -807 -844 -875 -885 -890 '879 -906 -870 '842 -840 '848 '854 -881 -899 -902 -907 -882 '855 834 -SOS 779 779 
 
 0-831 
 
 851 
 
 3 '804 -823 -831 -867 -896 -910 -902 -897 -886 ___________ 
 
 
 41 - '870 -861 -868 "884 '898 '930 -950 -947 945 '924 '901 -857 -832 -825 -816 
 
 880 
 
 5, '823 '832 -869 -886 -922 -923 -925 '911 -900 '886 -880 '880 '890 '898 '919 -932 '941 '942 '915 "882 -850 -820 '801 -8?0 
 
 885 
 
 6 -823 -828 -846 '871 -885 -890 -887 -870 -843 -839 '842 -842 '852 '866 '887 -898 '908 '905 '883 '854 -825 -808 797 794 
 
 856 
 
 7 -801 -816 -839 -864 -894 -908 -902 -889 '875 -867 '867 '866 '874 '882 '915 '933 -937 -<J37 '922 '885 -863 -844 -829 -822 
 
 876 
 
 8 -J-28 -835 -865 -906 -937 -935 -940 -921 -910 -896 -890 -888 "896 '902 '928 '938 -951 '952 -939 -912 -887 -863 "852 -842 
 
 901 
 
 1? 1.30 12 -857 7 SJ '896 IS? If 9 'm -876 -' '*- *- '- -* _?* '?? ' '^ ** ' 853 -833 ' 824 
 
 905 
 
 11 - '841 '814 -806 -807 '833 '850 -901 -921 '929 -910 '881 -840 '810 -799 -793 
 12 -777 '802 -819 -848 -862 -877 -871 -867 -840 -826 '820 '803 796 '804 -839 -858 '872 "888 -884 '847 -823 -805 783 776 
 oo 13 783 -810 -827 '844 -883 -895 -889 -876 -860 -848 '843 '848 -862 '876 '914 -940 '951 971 -955 -931 -905 -891 -878 -875 
 14 -877 -890 -918 -937 '957 -966 -968 -953 -954 -936 '925 '921 -927 '937 '957 -994 1-005 1-017 1-012 '964 -958 -937 -919 -904 
 | 15 '883 -870 .891 -893 -909 '926 -926 -909 -896 '877 '865 '859 -862 '872 -902 -921 0-950 0972 JS '905 '868 -843 '819 -815 
 
 860 
 833 
 881 
 947 
 891 
 
 ot>9 of>4 905 953 970 '9b'2 "951 '908 '886 '846 "827 "817 
 
 884 
 
 i8 ! - '876 '861 -860 -869 '889 -928 -939 '957 '956 -940 '905 -880 '8^6 -8SO -S^ 
 5 19 -841 -848 -875 -895 -919 -918 -909 '891 '879 -863 '855 -8?2 '858 '878 '906 -936 -947 -943 -928 9UO -88S -854 -83S -fit, 
 20 '823 -838 -857 -886 -907 -917 -917 -901 -887 -867 -855 '852 -859 -880 -904 -922 -937 -943 -915 -88J -862 '843 -814 -824 
 21 -834 -850 -859 -880 -902 -894 -912 -905 '895 '879 '870 '857 -854 879 '906 '924 "940 "947 -941 -916 -878 -851 -H38 -sit 
 22 .846 -863 '881 '897 -914 -913 -904 -881 -858 -845 "839 "845 -860 '872 '879 -906 '935 -942 -..13 '865 -849 -815 790 7Q4 
 23 '806 -826 -853 -876 -896 -902 -889 -876 -835 '824 '820 -820 -829 '862 -877 -896 -890 -889 -858 '835 -821 797 -787 -7Qn 
 24 786 794 -808 '829 '841 -864 -g56 -843 -803 87 79( 
 
 888 
 885 
 879 
 886 
 871 
 848 
 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 -721 '647 -640 -643 '667 '688 -710 -728 -724 -730 -689 -fiW -fia. -RR ~KQP 
 682 708 -728 -760 -784 -785 -779 -773 -761 741 -728 '728 -738 -758 -791 -796 -821 -818 '804 '782 -766 -737 729 ?? 
 747 -752 768 794 '833 -839 -815 -808 797 779 768 -767 775 786 -806 -824 -841 -849 -843 -810 -793 -7V> -74fi -7m 
 768 780 799 -818 -829 -826 -809 '800 -781 '766 -758 -756 -.764 -787 '816 -838 -858 -856 '842 -819 -778 -747 754 7M 
 773 -796 -800 -827 -848 -843 -829 '809 784 -779 781 778 785 -802 '833 -852 '854 S -848 -819 -787 752 738 -?S 
 748 770 784 -fc02 '812 -812 786 778 769 765 768 764 769 786 '806 -828 836 -832 -815 -798 776 7?50 74? 729 
 
 740 
 760 
 793 
 796 
 
 805 
 784 
 
 Means 
 
 0804 818 -836 -862 -884 -892 -887 -874 -859 '841 -830 -827 -834 -850 -875 -897 -910 -912 -896 -865 -841 -815 -800 -7qQin-s^ 
 
 The lumber, in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means and the numbers on the heads of them are corrections of interpolations" 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (Corrected) 
 Barometer at 32=29 English Inches+the number in the T.ible 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Tbni> 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 45 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mt'tiii Time 
 
 h. m. h m. li. in. ll m. h. in. li. in. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. tn. h.m. h. in h. m. h. m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 D.41 1(1.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 18.41 18.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 J0.41 21.41 22.41 2S.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 October 31 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 S 10 
 
 00 11 
 
 n 3 
 
 14 
 
 a 15 
 
 W i 
 > 10 
 
 17 
 fc 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In In. In. 'In. In. 
 
 -0-024 O r 059 
 0""08 0736 0'7")0 077'-* 0'77'i IK"') 0'78l 0773 0761' - - 
 
 In. 
 
 0-739 
 851 
 916 
 921 
 919 
 913 
 
 961 
 973 
 949 
 991 
 1-041 
 049 
 
 017 
 022 
 0-992 
 987 
 -980 
 963 
 
 905 
 903 
 929 
 896 
 892 
 949 
 
 995 
 .999 
 
 0-7-21 0-682 0-661 0-651 0-685 0'716 0755 0784 0782 0777 0751 0789 0726 0718 0732 
 745 -772 -797 -827 -851 -8S.O -867 -853 -840 -829 "822 -821 "832 -859 -884 -908 '922 -929 "913 '897 -876 -842 "830 '828 
 840 -858 -887 -909 -937 '943 -947 -942 -909 -895 '885 -888 -902 -916 -945 -966 -987 "986 -975 '945 -913 '885 '870 -860 
 864 -886 -920 -942 -957 '971 954 -946 -905 -897 '893 -899 -917 -922 '938 "957 "972 '972 '958 '928 -900 '881 -870 -860 
 870 -891 -914 -934 ;944 -95(5 -944 -942 -922 -909 '900 -902 -910 -930 -950 '966 -979 -975 '951 '919 '888 '866 -852 -848 
 853 '872 -893 920 934 -939 -932 '925 -916 -898 '885 -888 -902 -920 '942 -965 "972 '973 '952 '923 -901 '881 -862 -856 
 86"i -877 '901 -9'22 -942 -942 -f )27 - c )24 -Q08 - 
 
 929 -954 -959 '975 -993 1'Oia 1-033 1-059 rocs i-o4o rou -932 -955 -945 '941 
 949 -959 979 1'OOS 1-010 1'014 i-oos 1-001 -973 -965 -962 '960 '969 -983 0-989 -005 -019 -013 0-997 0-969 -941 -910 -891 '891 
 901 -920 -942 o-9flo 0-971 0-977 0-949 0-946 -940 -930 '925 -926 -938 -948 "971 0-998 '013 -007 -984 '960 -939 '916 -903 '903 
 916 -929 -945 "970 '985 -996 -992 '989 "980 -972 '968 969 981 1-005 1-027 1 oso '066 -068 1-044 1-021 1-002 '979 -961 '961 
 977 "991 1-014 1-039 1-053 1-062 1'Oiio r053 rose roi6 root; 1MH2 1'029 "052 '075 '094 '115 '115 -098 "067 -035 1-002 '990 -994 
 1-005 1-020 '039 -066 -074 '089 -087 -083 -062 -049 -041 -028 "026 -043 '060 -082 '105 '100 -085 '050 -019 0-993 '981 "975 
 rvtuu n-mn '007 '039 -O4'l '048 '031 '015 n-osn 
 
 0-992 0-999 0'988 0'989 -QOO '015 "044 066 '079 -073 -052 -012 '987 -976 -979 
 1-002 i-ooo -018 -058 -072 '079 "066 -061 V045 roi9 -998 '988 '989 -005 '018 -037 -058 -056 -046 '021 -99fi '971 -961 -965 
 0981 0-994 -018 -040 -046 -043 '032 '012 -004 0-984 -9 69 .955 -953 . 971 . 995 -016 -034 '027 -009 0-988 '957 '928 -927 "935 
 040 -959 0-994 -021 -034 -037 "016 -009 -000 -973 '950 -948 '957 '972 -998 '017 '042 '039 -025 999 -966 -937 -925 -933 
 945 -964 -985 -99S '018 -014 -008 '001 0-981 965 -954 -950 '958 -975 -987 -014 -025 "026 -018 '987 -956 '933 "933 .934 
 943 -952 -979 1-002 '023 -017 -984 0-977 '968 -951 '939 -936 -944 '959 -967 -994 '019 -017 0-993 '958 -922 "893 -882 -887 
 Q01 '914 '930 ivojs n-oro n-oro '968 -9(51 c )' : !6 - 
 
 886 -841 -839 '849 '884 -908 -938 0-947 -953 "921 '895 -862 "845 '838 -835 
 849 -865 -893 '906 '919 "930 '909 '897 -889 '874 -864 -861 '869 -902 -924 -968 -985 -988 -960 '925 '897 '878 -863 "863 
 886 -915 -938 -950 "955 :950 '939 "924 -919 '911 -907 '905 '915 "932 -954 -980 -996 -989 '977 "943 903 '884 -863 -861 
 879 -892 -922 -943 '955 -956 '936 -918 -904 -886 -873 -872 -882 '903 "918 -927 -946 -935 -911 '883 845 '816 -799 '803 
 811 -833 -854 -894 '912 '922 "914 -903 -890 -875 -864 -863 '873 '896 '913 -947 -959 -961 -946 -912 -891 -858 -851 -858 
 876 -893 -909 -944 '959 -959 '952 '945 -944 -933 -927 -925 -935 '947 "967 -999 1-019 i-oie 1-005 '978 '957 '936 -920 '936 
 
 990 -983 -980 -989 rocs roiG i-oac -059 -055 -047 1-002 -957 '938 -916 -918 
 933 -943 -972 '002 -014 '012 -007 -001 0-994 -976 -962 '963 -975 0-992 -Q14 -038 -059 '063 '059 '036 1-010 '993 -986 -972 
 
 Means 0-899 -916 -938 '962 -976 "982 -970 -962 -947 -932 '921 -919 -927 -946 -966 -990 roie 1-007 0-992 -963 '933 -909 -897 -897 '948 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 S 12 
 ^ 13 
 ~ 14 
 2 15 
 ffl 1C 
 T; 17 
 18 
 s 19 
 Q 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 -00*13 -0*06 
 0981 0-991 1-011 1-035 1'058 T062 1 Ooi 1'039 1-015 1'OOn 0'97 0'993 I'OOl 1:015 1-033 1-007 J'089 1-095 T074 T057 V031 1'005 0'991 0'990 
 
 998 i-oo? '031 -053 -068 '072 -064 -053 -033 -017 1-004 1-003 '013 -027 '050 -081 '100 '098 "084 -061 '025 0-997 '984 -982 
 990 -003 -031 -054 '067 '049 -049 '033 -023 -009 -998 '000 "013 '035 '052 -080 -104 '102 -096 '080 '052 1-023 ro 1-003 
 i-ois '042 -061 -085 -106 '109 '087 -077 -072 -056 1-042 '046 -061 '071 '086 '108 '118 -119 -103 '068 '044 '005 o-993 0-998 
 007 -021 -OSH -06"> '088 '084 -074 -068 -060 
 
 1-029 
 038 
 040 
 066 
 
 013 
 977 
 989 
 987 
 923 
 941 
 
 024 
 037 
 018 
 009 
 026 
 007 
 
 0-997 
 1-015 
 021 
 009 
 039 
 058 
 
 045 
 063 
 079 
 
 082 
 084 
 
 012 0-907 '958 o-960 0-979 -001 -023 -045 '044 -02J. '001 0-97? 0-947 '934 '937 
 0-951 0-971 0-989 '013 '020 '016 -010 o-987 0-975 0-960 "948 '946 -954 -962 0-986 "013 -029 -025 -014 0-98,5 '949 -923 '911 '917 
 939 -964 -987 '007 '021 -029 '021 1-003 '996 -974 -955 '950 -957 '977 '996 '020 -048 '039 -032 1-013 '981 "952 '942 -!)42 
 950 '964 -987 '010 "026 '024 '014 -003 -976 -966 -959 -962 -976 -981 1-005 '035 -053 '046 "019 o-9S9 '959 -935 '920 920 
 927 '938 -963 o-967 0-992 0-990 0-985 0-954 '947 '928 -912 -899 -898 '908 0-902 o-no9 o-sso 0-934 0-919 '906 "892 '865 -842 '843 
 855 -871 -899 -915 '947 '952 '949 -928 -923 "915 -909 -912 '926 '941 '968 -995 roiG 1-018 roil '987 '961 "938 '931 '929 
 
 i-oio i-ooo '996 1-003 1-014 1-041 1-068 '087 -097 -079 1-057 i'020 '997 '990 '984 
 988 i-ois 1-031 '052 -071 '075 '065 -058 -039 -025 -014 -007 -Oil '039 "052 -072 -088 '091 -072 -053 -026 '991 -982 '982 
 990 0-999 '015 '044 '058 "056 '059 '038 -018 '000 0-9^ o")80 0-986 '003 '023 '049 -071 '074 -OriO 36 'Oil -973 -949 -<i45 
 955 -972 o-99l '015 -020 "028 '021 '006 0-994 0-977 '962 -964 -977 '005 '028 '060 -088 -101 -072 '045 '013 '989 -974 "970 
 986 1-004 1-020 '039 '054 '067 '05! I '043 u, :i( ; 1-021 i-oos 1 004 i-oi-> "032 '048 -060 '072 -072 -063 -032 0-995 '972 -960 '955 
 962 0979 '003 -021 -037 -043 '036 '026 -019 '006 0-996 0-990 o-ras '012 '019 -025 -053 '061 -043 -016. -976 -958 -950 '943 
 Q--,J. -Qfi 6 ; n.ooi -non -01.1 -o'jj. -oifi -on? <.no- - 
 
 0-978 -971 -967 -974 0-937 'Oil '047 051 '055 -047 "022 '996 -970 -955 -950 
 962 -978 i-ooi -018 '035 '044 '036 "019 1'OIG i- im -985 -977 -980 1-002 '021 -051 '074 '078 -068 '047 1-020 "991 -974 '972 
 980 -987 0-998 '019 '032 -040 '033 "027 -017 "009 1-004 1-002 roi2 '020 '035 -068 -085 "093 -076 -052 -017 '982 -959 -955 
 959 -977 -991 '016 '024 '029 '022 '013 '007 0-992 0-980 0-979 0-989 0-999 '015 '049 "074 077 "065 -037 "010 -983 -966 -966 
 980 '992 1-012 '036 '048 '054 '052 '045 -031 1-019 1-009 1-010 1-023 i-oso '052 -073 '100 -105 '103 '073 -052 1-020 1-009 '999 
 1-007 1-027 '045 -055 '072 '081 '079 "069 -063 '047 -034 -029 '036 "054 "072 -104 '117 '118 -105 '087 '059 '030 "007 rooi 
 007 -016 -025 -051 "076 -096 '088 '076 -062 - 
 030 -000 o-998 '007 -021 '040 -075 098 -107 '093 '063 -041 -010 -996 0-998 
 010 '027 -052 -070 '092 '099 '091 '083 -067 '049 -033 1-029 '036 '050 '071 -097 -116 '115 -103 -088 -060 -030 i-ois 1-010 
 032 '047 -075 '107 132 '134 121 117 107 '086 -068 -061 '065 '073 '085 -095 '118 117 -099 -072 '044 -Ul8 '007 -009 
 022 -039 -058 '083 '107 115 109 100 '087 '076 '068 -060 -063 '080 101 -121 142 -146 -130 -104 -067 -043 -028 -024 
 044 -054 -074 -090 -116 '116 -105 -099 -088 '080 -074 -065 -067 -077 -099 -119 132 140 -119 -099 -065 -047 :028 -028 
 
 Means | 0-978 -993 i-ois -035 '053 -058 '050 -037 -025 -009 0-996 -992 l-ooo '015 -033 '058 '078 -080 -066 -042 -013 o-gsr, -971 -969 1 1-023 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means, and the numbers on the heads of them are corrections of interpolations. 
 
 17 
 
66 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DRY STANDARD THERMOMETER No- 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1C, 17 18 19 20 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 Daily arid 
 
 Madras 
 
 h m. 
 
 li m. 
 
 h. in. 
 
 h in. 
 
 li. m 
 
 li> m 
 
 
 li. in. 
 
 h. m 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 
 
 5.41 
 
 6.41 
 
 7.41 
 
 8.41 
 
 8.41 
 
 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 2S.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 
 
 2.41 
 
 3.41 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 oooooooooooooooo 
 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 78-2 
 
 77-2 
 
 76-7 
 
 76-6 
 
 76-5 
 
 76-4 
 
 76-3 76-0 75-8 75'6 75-4 74-9 744 74-3 74'8 76-9 78-3 78'8 80'2 80'3 80-3 79'0 
 
 78-5 
 
 78-3 
 
 771 
 
 
 2 
 
 77-5 
 
 76-5 
 
 76-3 
 
 76-1 
 
 75-4 
 
 75-1 
 
 75-0 74-3 73-1 72-3 71'6 71-1 70'5 697 69'6 711 75'0 78'8 79'9 80'2 80-3 807 
 
 78-6 
 
 78-8 
 
 75-3 
 
 
 e 
 
 78-1 
 
 7fi-7 
 
 7(v9 
 
 7fl-9 
 
 7 r i- r > 
 
 7^. K 
 
 r K.-y 74'O 7-^ - 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 4 
 
 lO x 
 
 i \j i 
 
 1 U 1 
 
 i U 1 
 
 .too 
 
 lOO 
 
 72-5 72-3 72-0 717 71-4 71-4 74'0 76'5 79'0 79'5 79'8 80-1 81-1 
 
 801 
 
 79-3 7.V9 
 
 
 5 
 
 78-5 
 
 77-3 
 
 76-4 
 
 76-2 
 
 76-4 
 
 76-4 
 
 75-8 75-4 74-5 73-5 72-5 72'0 714 721 71'6 73'9 77D 784 79'3 79'6 79'8 79'5 
 
 801 
 
 791| 761 
 
 
 6 
 
 78-3 
 
 77-1 
 
 76-1 
 
 75-5 
 
 75-3 
 
 74-9 
 
 74-4 74-3 72-6 73-2 73'9 72'2 70-4 68'6 68'3 71'5 767 77'9 79'3 79-8 801 79-5 
 
 79-6 
 
 79-3 754 
 
 
 7 
 
 78-2 
 
 76-8 
 
 76'0 
 
 75-6 
 
 75-3 
 
 75-3 
 
 751 74-5 737 73'0 72471-9 71-4 721 70'2 73-5 77-0 78'2 791 797 0'3 80'8 
 
 801 
 
 79-3 75-8 
 
 
 8 
 
 78-1 
 
 767 
 
 75-4 
 
 74-8 
 
 74-5 
 
 72-6 
 
 72-2 72-0 721 73'3 74'6 72'9 71-2 70-9 704 727 74'2 77'6 79' 1 80'5 80'5 801 
 
 801 
 
 79-3 75-2 
 
 
 9 
 
 78-3 
 
 77-7 
 
 76-4 
 
 76-2 
 
 76-0 
 
 75-5 
 
 75-3 75-2 75-2 74'8 74'5 744 74'2 717 70'9 73'6 76'J 79'0 79'6 80-6 807 80'5 
 
 80-5 
 
 801 76-5 
 
 
 10 
 
 78-6 
 
 77-5 
 
 76-5 
 
 76-3 
 
 76-2 
 
 76-1 
 
 7K.Q 7t;. 7<vl 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 fj & i tj \J /*J.L 
 
 
 
 J-N. 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 75-2 75-3 75-2 751 747 75'0 76'8 78-5 79-5 811 811 80'3 8O3 
 
 80-3 
 
 79-8 77-3 
 
 iO 
 CO 
 
 12 78-8 
 
 77-5 
 
 76-5 
 
 76-4 
 
 76-3 
 
 76-3 
 
 75-5 75-5 751 74-4 737 7V2 687 68-4 68'3 72'6 77-4 78-3 797 80'9 80'8 80'6 
 
 80-0 
 
 79-3 75-9 
 
 f-H 
 1 
 
 13 78-1 
 
 77-1 
 
 76-4 
 
 76-0 
 
 75-8 
 
 757 
 
 741 74-6 74-6 74'8 75'0 74'8 74'6 74'6 74-4 75'3 77-9 79-3 79'3 801 80-3 80'3 
 
 79-,-> 
 
 791 [ 767 
 
 k. 
 
 14! 78-2 
 
 76-4 
 
 75-3 
 
 75-1 
 
 75-0 
 
 75-0 
 
 74-9 747 73-6 71'9 70'2 70'0 697 69-6 694 707 737 76-3 78'0 79-2 801 797 
 
 791 
 
 79-0 74-8 
 
 r* 
 02 
 
 15 77-7 
 
 76-4 
 
 75-4 
 
 74-8 
 
 74-5 
 
 74-8 
 
 74-8 747 75-2 74'5 73-8 73-4 73'0 71'6 71-9 717 71-4 741 74-9 77'5 79'3 79'5 
 
 79-3 
 
 78-9 
 
 751 
 
 ! 
 
 16 78-3 
 
 77-2 
 
 76-0 
 
 75-5 
 
 75-8 
 
 75-2 
 
 74-6 74-3 737 72'0 70-4 697 69'0 68'9 687 69'9 731 76-178-2 79-2 79-3 79'5 
 
 78-5 
 
 78-2 74-6 
 
 b 
 
 17 
 
 77-3 
 
 75'7 
 
 74-5 
 
 74-0 
 
 73-1 
 
 734 
 
 70- Q 7Q-6 68'4 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 <J 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 681 67-8 677 67'6 66-9 671 69-6 73-4 761 77-8 78'3 791 79-8 
 
 791 
 
 791 73-2 
 
 t-t 
 
 19 77-3 
 
 76-3 
 
 75-3 
 
 74-6 
 
 74-6 
 
 74-5 
 
 74-4 741 73-5 71'9 70'4 69'2 68'0 677 67'8 704 74'0 76'3 78'0 79'5 79'5 79'2 
 
 791 
 
 78-3 74-3 
 
 
 20 77-3 
 
 76-3 
 
 75-4 
 
 75-4 
 
 74-6 
 
 74-3 
 
 74-0 737 71-2 69'5 67'9 67'0 66'2 65-9 66-6 70'2 73'3 76'5 78'6 78'5 79'3 79'3 
 
 78-5 
 
 78-3 737 
 
 
 21 77-3 
 
 76-3 
 
 75-3 
 
 75-2 
 
 74-4 
 
 74-3 
 
 73-8 73-3 72-2 69'8 67'4 667 66'0 65'5 651 691 72'9 76'3 77'9 78'4 787 787 
 
 78-2 
 
 77-51 73-3 
 
 
 22 76-5 
 
 75-3 
 
 74-2 
 
 73-8 
 
 73-2 
 
 72-9 
 
 71-5 70-9 69-3 681 66'9 66-4 65-8 651 65'3 69'0 727 76'0 77'0 78-3 78'3 791 
 
 78-6 
 
 777 72-6 
 
 
 23 76-7 
 
 75-1 
 
 73-6 
 
 73-3 
 
 72-5 
 
 71-5 
 
 70-6 69-0 66-2 65-3 64'5 64-9 65'2 63'9 64'9 67'9 71'9 74'6 757 77'4 781 78'3 
 
 781 
 
 771 
 
 71-5 
 
 
 24 
 
 76-5 
 
 75-3 
 
 73-6 
 
 73-2 
 
 71-6 
 
 72-0 
 
 71-6 71-6 68'4 
 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 69-5 70-6 70-2 69'8 69-5 69'4 71'5 74'5 77'3 791 79'5 80'2 80'5 
 
 801 
 
 79-5 
 
 74-0 
 
 
 26 
 
 78-1 
 
 77-2 
 
 76-0 
 
 75-4 
 
 75-3 
 
 75-2 
 
 75-2 74-6 74-9 74'9 74'9 747 74'4 73'4 73'4 74-4 76'5 787 79-5 80'0 80'9 80'8 
 
 801 
 
 801 
 
 76-6 
 
 
 27 
 
 78-8 
 
 77-3 
 
 76-4 
 
 75-7 
 
 75-4 
 
 75-4 
 
 75-3 75-3 75-2 75'3 75'5 75'0 74'4 74-5 737 75'3 77'5 80'3 801 80'6 801 811 
 
 811 
 
 79-5 
 
 77-0 
 
 
 28 
 
 78-5 
 
 77-8 
 
 76-5 
 
 75-7 
 
 76-3 
 
 75-5 
 
 75-3 74-5 73-4 72'9 72'4 72'5 72'5 72'4 71'4 741 78-3 791 807 82'3 82'3 811 
 
 80-8 
 
 80-3 
 
 76-5 
 
 
 29 
 
 79-3 
 
 780 
 
 76-8 
 
 76-4 
 
 76-2 
 
 76-2 
 
 75-5 75-4 75-3 741 72'9 721 71'2 71~3 70'9 73'9 78'0 79'8 80'6 81'5 821 82'3 
 
 821 
 
 811 
 
 76-8 
 
 
 30 
 
 80-1 
 
 78-5 
 
 772 
 
 76-5 
 
 75-6 
 
 75-2 
 
 73-9 737 73-4 72'9 72'4 72'0 71'6 71'4 71-3 73-2 76'9 801 81'3 82-0 32'2 81-9 
 
 81-2 
 
 807 
 
 76-5 
 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Means 
 
 /8-0 
 
 76-8 
 
 75-8 
 
 Y54 
 
 75-1 
 
 V4-8 
 
 74-3 74-Q 73-0 72-4 71-9 71'3 707 70'2 701 72'4 75'5 77'8 79-0 79'8 801 801 
 
 797 
 
 791 75-3 
 
 Jan. 
 
 31 
 
 80-3 
 
 78-7 
 
 77-2 
 
 77-0 
 
 76-4 
 
 76-0 
 
 75-5 741 72-6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 71-0 69-4 691 687 68'3 68'5 717 75'3 78'3 80'5 807 81-2 81-2 
 
 81-3 
 
 80-6 
 
 75'6 
 
 
 2 
 
 79-6 
 
 78-0 
 
 762 
 
 74-6 
 
 73-4 
 
 72-3 
 
 71-4 70-9 70-6 70-9 71'2 70 8 70-4 69'5 69 4 72'4 757 78'3 811 82-5 83-2 82'5 
 
 824 
 
 814 
 
 754 
 
 
 3 
 
 80-3 
 
 77-9 
 
 76-3 
 
 74-1 
 
 73-8 
 
 71-6 
 
 70-2 70-0 69-4 69-0 687 68'3 67'8 67'4 666 70'4 74-4 775 79'5 800 805 811 
 
 81 3 
 
 81-3 
 
 741 
 
 
 4 
 
 79-5 
 
 77-5 
 
 750 
 
 727 
 
 71-4 
 
 70-0 
 
 69-0 68-8 67-4 66'9 66-4 65-9 65'4 66'4 66 2 69-4 73'4 76-4 78 7 79'6 80'0 80-5 
 
 805 
 
 802 
 
 72-8 
 
 
 5 
 
 79-4 
 
 77-2 
 
 74-5 
 
 72-8 
 
 711 
 
 70-3 
 
 69-6 69-4 68-0 67'9 67'9 67'2 66'5 66-6 66-4 69'2 72 3 76-5 79'3 79-3 801 80-3 
 
 784 
 
 787 
 
 72-9 
 
 
 6 
 
 77-8 
 
 76-5 
 
 75-6 
 
 74-9 
 
 74-6 
 
 747 
 
 747 74-4 73-6 72'0 70'4 69'6 687 68'4 69-4 721 75 4 791 79 5 80'0 80-5 81-3 
 
 80-5 
 
 798 
 
 751 
 
 
 7 
 
 79-0 
 
 77-5 
 
 76-2 
 
 75'5 
 
 73-8 
 
 73-6 
 
 73-2 72-0 68-6 _-_ ._ __ __ __ _ 
 
 
 
 1 tt JL 
 
 i> 
 us 
 
 CO 
 
 1 1 
 
 tH 
 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 
 80-1 
 79-6 
 80-1 
 t:0-6 
 bl-3 
 81-5 
 
 78-1 
 78-6 
 78-4 
 78-9 
 79-5 
 79-5 
 
 76-2 
 77-4 
 77-1 
 77-3 
 
 78-2 
 78-2 
 
 74-4 
 77-0 
 762 
 76-5 
 77-5 
 77-1 
 
 73-6 
 76-2 
 74-3 
 758 
 767 
 76-3 
 
 71-8 
 74-9 
 73-3 
 75-3 
 76-1 
 751 
 
 69-2 69-9 69-6 69'3 69 2 691 72-2 75-8 78-3 79-4 80 5 81 3 81'4 
 711 70-4 69-9 69-3 687 68'6 68'4 68'4 684 71-6 75-6 79-3 800 80'4 811 811 
 72-9 71-6 71-2 707 70'2 69-9 696 69-4 69-3 72-4 76-3 79-5 803 80'8 81-4 826 
 72-5 71-5 70-8 70'2 697 69'6 69'4 69'0 69-6 72'3 74-4 780 80'8 821 82'2 82 3 
 74-4 73-0 71-4 711 70-9 707 70-4 70'6 701 73-6 77-3 805 828 83'4 839 83-9 
 75-5 74-3 73-4 72'4 71-4 711 707 70'2 70-4 73-9 77-4 804 82'5 836 841 S3 6 
 73'o 72*6 72'3 
 
 811 
 
 81-6 
 823 
 814 
 82-8 
 841 
 
 80-6 
 81-2 
 81-0 
 81-2 
 
 82-2 
 82-8 
 
 74-8 
 74-6 
 75-6 
 753 
 76'6 
 771 
 
 FEBRUAE 
 
 15 
 16 
 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 
 80-8 
 80-7 
 79-6 
 79-5 
 80-2 
 82-4 
 
 79-5 
 79-3 
 
 78-5 
 77-8 
 78-1 
 80-2 
 
 78-1 
 77-6 
 77-5 
 76-4 
 76-8 
 76-3 
 
 77-6 
 771 
 77-5 
 76-2 
 75-9 
 75-5 
 
 76-8 
 76-6 
 77-0 
 75-5 
 750 
 73-9 
 
 76-3 
 76-2 
 76-0 
 73-8 
 73-3 
 71-6 
 
 71-8 71-4 71-3 71 2 70'5 70'6 73'6 77 3 801 821 82-8 83-2 83-3 
 76-0 75-3 73-4 721 70-9 70-8 70'6 709 71-4 73'9 77-6 80'6 811 82'4 832 xr 
 761 75-3 72-9 717 706 697 687 67'9 684 72-4 771 80-3 818 81-8 821 81-3 
 75-4 7.V2 74-2 72'4 70-6 70-0 69-4 69'0 693 732 76-8 788 805 81-0 81-6 81-5 
 72-4 71-4 69-4 69'4 69-4 680 666 657 67-2 70-4 75-3 781 795 80-4 81-0 81-3 
 71-5 70-5 697 69'0 68-4 677 66'i) 66'4 671 702 744 781 80'3 83-0 83-8 84'5 
 70'6 69'6 687 - 
 
 82-5 
 82-6 
 81-5 
 81-3 
 81-3 
 84-5 
 
 82-3 
 82-3 
 811 
 81-3 
 80-6 
 83-8 
 
 707 
 77-0 
 
 76-2 
 76-2 
 744 
 75-0 
 
 
 22 
 23 
 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 
 27 
 28 
 
 81-8 
 80-9 
 84-1 
 85-1 
 81-8 
 
 79-5 
 79-1 
 81-3 
 81-3 
 80-1 
 
 77-2 
 
 76-2 
 77-1 
 78-1 
 
 78-2 
 
 75-2 
 74-1 
 74-8 
 75-5 
 77-1 
 
 73-5 
 722 
 727 
 74-6 
 75'8 
 
 71-8 
 70-9 
 71-3 
 737 
 74-4 
 
 68-5 68-4 67-5 66-5 66-5 67 5 70-5 75-3 80 1 82-2 82-8 841 84^4 
 70-4 69-3 68'4 68'3 68'2 67'6 66'9 65'6 64-0 69 7 74-5 787 81-5 83 5 83-5 82-8 
 69-4 67-9 66-6 66-5 66'4 66-2 65 9 (55 4 65 6 69 6 74-4 78 6 82 3 85'3 87 3 8S-4 
 70-0 69-8 69-6 687 67:9 67*2 664 65'2 65-0 694 747 79-6 84-5 87-3 89-5 M* 
 73-0 71-4 70-8 707 707 71-2 71-6 707 709 72-8 771 81-0 83'5 85-5 84-8 84-2 
 74-2 73-6 71-5 70-6 697 697 69-6 68-9 68'9 724 77-5 80'3 814 828 83-2 84-3 
 
 844 
 81-6 
 877 
 88-5 
 84-0 
 841 
 
 83-5 
 81-3 
 86-3 
 86-3 
 831 
 83-2 
 
 75-0 
 744 
 747 
 75-9 
 769 
 764 
 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Means 
 
 80-7 
 
 78'8 
 
 76-9 
 
 757 
 
 74-6 
 
 73'5 
 
 72 6 71 8 /0-6 70-0 69-5 691 68'6 68'2 68'3 71-6 75'6 79-0 81-0 821 82-8 83'0 
 
 R'Hi 
 
 
 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 67 
 
 DRY STANDARD THERMOMETER No. 7 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Dailyanc 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. li. m. h. m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 tl.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20. H 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Feb. 28 
 1 
 .8 
 
 a 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 55 12 
 2 13 
 
 1 l^ 
 
 W 15 
 
 a 16 
 9 17 
 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 821 801 78'3 77'3 76 - 8 76'3 75'4 74'1 7'4 
 
 O 
 
 76-3 
 
 78-5 
 79-2 
 78-6 
 78-3 
 
 78-2 
 
 81-3 
 81-5 
 817 
 81-9 
 81-5 
 80-5 
 
 787 
 77-9 
 77-6 
 78-6 
 78-9 
 801 
 
 8J-0 
 79-3 
 807 
 81-5 
 83-2 
 831 
 
 81-4 
 
 827 
 82-0 
 
 70-1 67-9 67-7 67'4 67'4 67'4 71-9 76-5 79-4 81-9 84-1 84-6 84-5 84-2 83'4 
 82-3 80-5 79-3 78-5 78-1 77'5 76-0 74'4 73'2 727 72'2 72-2 72'1 71'6 712 75-3 78'8 82'3 84-5 85'3 87'0 86'8 86-5 85'3 
 i 84-3 81-8 80-4 79'5 79-5 78'4 77'5 75'6 74'4 73'9 73-4 731 727 717 717 76-2 80'3 84-1 84'9 85-5 85'8 85'4 85-9 85-1 
 183-5 81-3 79-4 79'0 78-2 77'2 76'4 75-5 74-5 73-5 72-6 72'1 71'6 71'4 71-4 76-1 79'8 83-5 84-5 85-3 85'6 85'3 85'2 84-4 
 83-3 81-3 79-4 77'8 77-3 771 767 76'1 74~5 737 72-9 72/3 71'6 70'8 70'5 75-3 79-3 81-1 83'3 84-4 84'6 85-5 85'3 84'5 
 84-0 81-5 79-1 77-5 76'3 75-6 75'3 75-3 74-4 73-1 71'8 71-1 70-4 69'4 69'5 74-2 79'3 82-3 84-3 85'9 87'3 86'5 86'8 85-4 
 8'-t'"> 81-3 70-6 79-3 78-8 78-S 78-4 78-1 78-0 
 
 77-9 77-9 78-0 78O 77'8 78'4 81-2 83'0 84'5 85'5 87'3 87'3 86'5 86-1 85'3 
 84-5 82-6 81-2 80'5 801 79'9 79-8 79-3 78'8 78'4 78'1 777 77-3 76'3 76-1 78'9 82-8 85'5 86'3 86-6 87'3 867 86'5 85'3 
 84-8 82-6 81-1 80'6 80'2 80'0 797 79-5 79-1 77'9 76'8 767 7(r6 75-5 75-6 80'5 83'3 87'1 88-3 87-5 88- 1 87-4 86'3 86'1 
 J85-0 83-3 81-9 81'5 811 80'8 80'6 80'3 80-0 78'8 777 77'0 76'3 76'3 76'5 80'0 831 86'3 86'5 86'9 87'0 87'3 86-3 86-0 
 i 85-3 83-1 82-3 807 80'4 8OO 797 79'3 79'2 78'0 76'8 76'2 75'5 75-3 76-2 80-1 83-6 85'1 86-1 86'3 86'6 87'4 867 86'3 
 85-1 82-8 81-2 80'5 80'3 80'0 79'6 79'1 78'5 77"5 76'5 75-6 74'6 74-2 73'6 78'2 81'5 85'2 84-5 847 85'5 85'3 84'5 84-5 
 84'0 82-0 80-2 79-") 7 1 }-' 1 ! 78-fi 77-f) 7VS 74- i; ! 
 
 - 737 73-2 72-3 71'4 72-1 72'4 76'5 80'0 81-8 83'5 84'5 84'8 84'1 84'3 83'5 
 82-5 81-3 79-3 78-8 78'2 77'0 75'2 74-0 73'0 72'3 71-6 71-6 71'6 71-2 71-5 75'5 79'3 82'3 83'5 84-5 85'0 83'3 83'4 83'8 
 827 803 79-2 78'3 77'2 757 75'1 73'9 72'6 72'1 71-6 71-3 70'9 71'3 71'4 76'3 79'5 81-8 83-1 84-3 83'1 83'8 83'3 82'8 
 81-8 80-3 79-2 78'3 77'8 77'5 77-5 767 73-6 72'5 71-4 70-9 70'3 70'8 71'9 76'2 79-3 82'0 85'1 86'8 87'1 87'3 86'8 85-6 
 847 82-2 80-3 79'5 77'3 75'8 74-0 731 72'2 717 71-3 70'8 70'2 70'4 70'5 75'3 79-3- 82'6 86'3 88'8 897 89'5 897 89'2 
 87-3 84-5 81-4 80'3 79'4 78'0 76'3 76'0 74-4 73'8 73'3 72'5 71'6 71'4 72'9 75'3 80'8 84'2 88'0 90'5 88'3 87'3 87'5 86'6 
 84.-"> 82-8 80-8 80-2 7Q'4, 78-^ 78-0 7fi-l 7'v8 
 
 - 75-5 75-2 74-9 74-5 73'4 74'9 78'0 821 851 86'9 88-4 89-5 90'4 901 88 2 
 84-5 82-8 80-4 80'2 79'5 78'2 76'9 75-3 737 72-9 72-2 71-8 71-4 72'9 72'9 771 811 84'3 85-8 85'5 86'4 86'3 85'6 847 
 84-4 831 81-5 80'5 80'2 79'9 77'4 77'0 761 75'5 74-9 74'9 74'9 751 75'4 78'8 81-5 84'3 86'2 86-4 87-3 87'5 87-6 86-3 
 85-3 83-5 81-3 807 80'3 797 79'0 78'6 76'8 76'6 76'3 75-8 75.3 75'2 76'3 80'5 84'2 861 86'5 87-3 87'8 87'9 881 86-9 
 86-4 84-3 82-8 82'3 81-8 81'2 81'0 80'6 80'0 79'5 79'0 78'0 76'9 77'3 777 81'3 85'2 85'9 88'3 89-2 89'6 901 89'3 88'5 
 87-3 851 827 821 81'4 81'2 80'9 80'4 79'6 78'9 78'3 77'3 76-3 761 77'3 81'3 84'3 87'3 89'3 89'5 89-4 89-6 89'4 89'2 
 87-T ST-P 89-7 81 -fi 80-^ 7Q-^ 78-^ 7fi-8 7fi- t l 
 
 -------- 74-9 73-4 72-8 72'2 73'2 74'6 79'4 84'5 86'3 881 89'0 901 90'2 89'3 88'4 
 86-5 84-3 82-2 81'3 811 80-4 80'2 79 6 79'3 79-0 78'8 78'6 78'3 76'3 75'8 801 84-3 86'3 87'8 88'3 89'2 89-4 89'2 88'3 
 86-5 84 2 82-3 81-4 80'5 80'5 80-3 79'0 771 761 75'2 74-8 74'4 74'4 74'9 79'8 83'5 857 89'0 89'3 901 901 90-3 891 
 
 Means 
 
 84-6 82-5 807 79'9 79'3 78'6 77'9 77'0 76'0 75'2 74-5 74'0 73'5 73'3 73'6 77'8 8.1-5 84'2 85-9 867 87'2 871 86-8 86-0 1 80'2 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 S 13 
 2 14 
 
 3 16 
 17 
 -^ 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 87-3 84-5 81-8 81'0 80'0 78'4 76'5 75'4 75'3 74'3 73'3 73-2 73-1 72'4 73'4 78'5 83'3 86 8 87'6 88'3 88'3 88'5 881 871 
 85-8 841 821 81-5 81-0 807 80'3 79'8 77'3 76-3 75'4 75'2 74'9 74'5 75"8 79'5 81-8 85'5 877 89'3 89'3 89'3 88'6 881 
 86-3 84-3 82-5 81'6 81'3 81'0 80'4 801 79'3 78-3 77'3 76'4 75'5 75'3 76'4 79'6 81'5 85'3 87'8 891 881 87'3 86'5 867 
 85'5 841 82 2 81'5 81'2 81'0 80'5 80'3 79'4 
 
 807 
 81-8 
 82-0 
 
 82-9 
 83'5 
 82-3 
 83-2 
 84-6 
 84-4 
 
 841 
 85-0 
 86-5 
 86-9 
 
 87-4 
 86-9 
 
 85-9 
 85-5 
 851 
 84-4 
 
 847 
 84-8 
 
 85-4 
 85-3 
 86-6 
 86-5 
 85-6 
 
 --------- 78-8 78-2 77-3 76-4 75'8 78'3 82-5 85-5 87'2 881 891 89'3 89'3 89'2 88'2 
 86-8 84-3 827 82-2 81-7 81'5 81-4 81-0 80'4 791 77-9 77-6 77'3 77'5 78'8 821 85'5 87'6 88'5 91'3 91'3 90'2 89'5 88'1 
 87-3 85-5 83-4 82'3 82-0 82'0 82'0 81-5 811 80'2 79'3 78-8 78'2 77'3 79'3 83'6 86-1 87'6 811 79'2 81'2 85-3 86-9 84'5 
 85-8 83-9 817 81'2 80'9 80'9 80'5 80'0 78'5 77'6 76'8 76-3 75-8 757 77'5 81'4 85'6 88'3 89'8 92'5 94'3 92'3 911 89'5 
 88-6 85-8 84-3 83'3 831 82'5 81-9 81-5 81'3 807 801 79'2 78'3 781 79'8 83-8 87'0 88'8 90'5 91'0 911 91-0 89'6 88'8 
 87-5 861 84-2 83'3 827 82'3 821 81-6 81'3 80-5 797 79'0 78-3 77-6 80'3 84'3 87'3 89'3 89'6 89'3 90'2 90'5 89-4 89-1 
 877 8 r >7 8S-4 82 7 8-2-' 1 ! 817 81 *> 80-8 80-5 . 
 
 79-6 78-8 77-7 76'5 76'3 79'5 841 86'5 89'6 90'3 90'8 91-2 91'2 90-5 89-3 
 88-3 857 841 83'3 82'9 82'3 82'0 81-5 81'3 801) 78'8 78'2 77'5 77-3 79'4 84'5 87'3 89'9 93'4 94'3 93-3 92'3 91-8 90'5 
 88-6 86-5 84-5 84'2 83'4 82'9 82 5 82-5 82'3 82-2 821 81-7 81'3 80-9 82'5 85'8 89'6 92'3 94'4 95-4 93'5 927 92'6 91-8 i 
 89'8 86-8 85-0 84-3 84-0 83'3 831 82'5 82-3 82'0 81'8 81'3 80'8 80'7 83'0 86'6 897 93'3 96'2 98'8 94'4 93'2 93-1 90'8 
 89-3 87-4 85-2 84'4 83'6 83'8 836 83'3 831 83'3 83'5 82-9 82'3 82-3 83'5 87'2 90-3 94'0 97-3 97'0 941 93'3 92'4 91'6 
 891 87-3 85-5 847 841 83'4 83'3 83'3 83'0 82'9 82'8 82 9 83'0 82-5 84-0 87'3 89-5 91'8 94'2 94'3 93'6 92'5 91'5 90'3 
 
 SQ-^ RK''^ BJ.-8 84.-^ K^'^ K'i'^i Rl'** 83-O 89'7 
 
 --------- 821 81-6 81-0 80-4 80-2 81-5 85'5 88'6 90-5 91"5 91'3 92-3 92'5 91-3 901 
 89-3 85-9 843 83-5 83'0 82'6 82'4 82'2 81-5 80'9 80'3 79'9 79'5 798 82'3 85'8 881 90'3 90-5 921 92'2 92'5 91-3 911 
 89-3 86-5 84-3 83'4 83'2 82'8 82'3 82'2 82'2 81'3 80'5 79'9 79'2 78'6 81'5 85'8 88'3 89'5 90'0 91'3 91-5 901 90'5 89'3 
 87-3 863 841 83'4 831 831 82'5 82'3 81'8 811 80-4 79-9 79'3 78'3 81-3 86-0 87'3 87'8 85-5 86'8 89-3 89'6 891 89-3 
 88-3 861 84-2 83'2 827 82'6 82'3 821 81'8 811 80'4 79'4 78'3 78'5 81'5 85'5 86'3 88'4 901 91'3 90'4 911 89-6 87'0 
 86-3 86-6 84-5 83'3 83'3 83'0 82-6 82-5 81'8 80'6 79'5 78 9 78'3 78-2 81'6 85'4 87'5 88'4 901 90'5 90'8 911 90'3 89'5 
 
 80-1 S7- i: ! B^-O 84-Q QQ'S SQ'fi fi'?-Q 8'3-O fil-l 
 
 811 80-8 801 79-3 78'3 81-2 84-3 871 90-0 90-6 91-8 921 91-4 908 90-9 
 89-2 871 847 83-9 83'8 83-4 831 82-5 82'3 81'3 80-3 79'4 78'4 78-5 81'3 83-4 867 89-6 90'2 921 921 91'5 91-5 90'3 
 89-3 88-2 85-3 84-8 84'3 84'0 83'5 83-3 83'3 83'2 831 82-6 82'0 82'8 851 87'3 88'8 90'0 91'3 92'5 92'3 91'5 92'0 89-6 
 90-3 87-5 86-3 85'3 85'0 84-6 84'3 83'3 83'3 83'0 82'8 821 81'3 80'5 83'3 85'3 88'6 89'6 89'6 91'2 93 3 93'5 92'3 89'3 
 891 87-5 85-6 84'8 84-2 83-5 83"4 831 82'8 81-6 80'5 80-3 801 79'3 83'5 85'2 86'4 89'5 90'5 91'2 91-9 89'4 90'6 90'8 
 
 Means 88- 1 86'0 841 83'3 82'9 82'5 821 817 81'2 80'5 79'8 79-3 787 78'3 80'6 84-2 86'9 89'3 90'2 91'2 91-2 90'9 90'4 89'3| 847 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY '} 
 
68 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DRY STANDARD THERMOMETER No. 7 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Q#ttJjuren 
 
 Menu Time 
 
 Noon 
 
 1 
 
 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 h. m. 
 23.41 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 h. m . 
 1.41 
 
 22 
 
 h. m. 
 2.41 
 
 23 
 
 Dailyand 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. 
 4.41 
 
 h. m. 
 5.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h in. h.m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h.m. li.m. 
 6.41 7.41 8.41 8.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16J1 17.H IK. 41 l!i.41 '20.41 
 
 h.m. 
 21.41 
 
 h. m. 
 22.41 
 
 h. m. 
 0.41 
 
 h. m. 
 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 5 13 
 2 14 
 
 * W 
 <j ID 
 
 S 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 O 
 
 88-4 
 88-5 
 
 88-4 
 89-6 
 87-0 
 89-8 
 90-3 
 89-5 
 
 9.0-8 
 90-1 
 91-8 
 91-3 
 91-1 
 91-2 
 
 93-3 
 
 103-9 
 
 96-2 
 92-3 
 82-9 
 91-3 
 
 89-5 
 97-2 
 97-9 
 
 100-7 
 
 100-1 
 92-3 
 
 
 
 86-3 
 86-5 
 
 87-3 
 88-4 
 85^5 
 87-8 
 881 
 88-2 
 
 87-1 
 87-3 
 89-4 
 88-1 
 87-3 
 88-3 
 
 89-5 
 95-2 
 92-8 
 90-3 
 84-3 
 87-5 
 
 86-5 
 89-4 
 97-0 
 98-2 
 99-0 
 88-3 
 
 * * 
 
 ooooooooooooooo 
 
 84-5 84-2 84-0 83'6 83'6 83-3 82-5 81 -9 81-3 81-4 8L5 81'3 83'5 87'3 89-4 
 
 
 
 92-4 
 
 
 
 92-2 
 
 O 
 
 92-3 
 
 
 
 93-1 
 
 O 
 
 91-8 
 
 92-3 
 93-4 
 90-3 
 93-0 
 95-7 
 99-2 
 
 100-2 
 
 96-9 
 94-9 
 93-6 
 93-8 
 95-1 
 
 O 
 
 91-3 
 
 90-7 
 930 
 89-3 
 92-8 
 94-3 
 95-7 
 
 95-4 
 945 
 941 
 94-3 
 93-8 
 95-2 
 
 
 
 90-6 
 
 90-5 
 92-5 
 88-3 
 91-4 
 91-1 
 93-3 
 
 93-2 
 92-5 
 94-3 
 94-1 
 93-5 
 94-0 
 
 O 
 
 86-3 
 
 85-8 
 86-2 
 86-5 
 
 86-3 
 87-6 
 89-5 
 
 88-5 
 89-0 
 88-6 
 89-0 
 89-4 
 879 
 
 90-5 
 9] -2 
 92-8 
 91-9 
 
 85-5 
 84-7 
 
 88-0 
 89-4 
 90-3 
 92-4 
 92-1 
 89-8 
 
 87-3 
 
 8o'0 84'4 841 80 9 836 837 84 1 
 ________ 81-7 79-3 78-8 78'3 78-3 82'8 86-2 88'4 
 85-0 84-3 83-4 83-3 83-1 82'5 81-4 80-8 80-3 79 8 79'3 79-1 81'8 86-1 89'1 
 86-2 85-4 85-0 84-2 83'6 83-2 83-1 827 82-3 82'3 82'3 82 2 837 85-3 88'2 
 84-5 84-1 83-5 83'5 83'3 830 82'3 81'8 81'3 80'6 79-8 797 83-1 86-4 897 
 85-5 85-0 84-5 84-3 84'3 83-8 83'6 83'0 82'4 81'9 81'3 81-2 83 5 87-0 90-5 
 86-5 85-3 85-2 85'3 85'3 84-8 84'5 84'3 84-1 83-8 83'5 83'6 85-3 88'8 93'3 
 86-5 86-5 86-3 82'5 807 80-1 81%3 - 
 _______ 82-7 84-1 837 83-2 82'8 85'3 88-3 92-1 
 86-2 86-0 85-4 867 86'8 86'3 84-9 84'4 84-0 83-4 82'8 82-3 84'5 88-3 91-1 
 86-3 85-2 85-1 84'5 84-5 85'3 85'5 85'3 85-1 84-4 83'6 82 9 86'2 89-5 92'8 
 86-4 85-0 84-7 847 85'1 84-3 64-3 84-2 84-1 83-7 83'2 83'1 86'1 89'8 93-4 
 86-3 86-4 86-8 86'8 86'5 85'8 85'3 84-8 84-3 833 82'2 82'3 85'5 89-2 916 
 85-7 84-7 84-7 84-6 85-5 85-1 84-3 84'2 84-2 83-2 82 2 80 6 84-8 88'8 91'3 
 
 90-8 
 91-8 
 91-4 
 92-3 
 93-3 
 95-5 
 
 93-7 
 94-3 
 94-6 
 96-3 
 95-2 
 92-4 
 
 92-4 
 94-0 
 93-2 
 948 
 96-2 
 99-4 
 
 97-1 
 
 97-7 
 95-1 
 
 99-2 
 98-4 
 928 
 
 92-6 
 94-2 
 93-5 
 95-2 
 
 97-4 
 
 100-2 
 
 99-9 
 99-4 
 943 
 99-6 
 
 1017 
 
 94-5 
 
 93-2 
 94-5 
 91-3 
 92-9 
 962 
 102-7 
 
 101-2 
 
 lOO'l 
 
 94-8 
 94-8 
 102-7 
 94-4 
 
 OO 1 OO 1 OOO bOO bOO OO O OD * 
 
 ___ 85-4 84-5 84-4 84'3 84'1 87'1 89-3 93-3 
 87-1 86-5 85-5 85-4 85-4 85'4 85-3 85-0 84-8 84-5 84'2 85-2 87'9 91-0 94-3 
 890 88-3 87-8 88'3 91-2 90'3 89'3 88'8 88-3 87-3 86'3 85'6 87-2 89-2 91-8 
 90-3 93-1 927 90' 1 89-3 89-1 88-5 88-0 87-5 869 863 860 871 89-3 91'3 
 88-8 87-8 87-3 86'2 85-3 84-8 84-0 83"! 82'3 81-9 81'4 81-3 82-1 83'3 87'0 
 82-6 81-9 81-0 80-4 80'3 79'9 79'8 79-5 79'3 79-3 79'3 79-5 80'8 83-3 86-8 
 
 95-5 
 96-8 
 94-4 
 92-1 
 87-1 
 89-3 
 
 977 
 98-7 
 97-2 
 96-3 
 88-8 
 91-5 
 
 99-7 
 
 KIO'2 
 
 99-2 
 97-0 
 88'2 
 95-2 
 
 101-2 
 101-5 
 100-2 
 100-4 
 
 80-1 
 97-2 
 
 103;1 
 103-3 
 101-4 
 
 99-4 
 86-1 
 94-1 
 
 103-9 
 103-9 
 lOS'l 
 100-2 
 
 88-1 
 92-1 
 
 95-5 
 
 104-4 
 103-3 
 
 95-2 
 84-3 
 92-7 
 
 bO U o4 / OO I oo 6 0*0 O4 o at o 
 
 ____ 84-1 84-1 83-5 82-8 83'6 85-3 86-8 88'9 
 85-9 86-3 86-5 85'0 84-8 85'3 85 3 847 84'1 84-3 84-4 84-3 86-1 88-5 90'5 
 85-8 86-5 89-3 88-3 87-5 87'0 86-5 85-9 85'3 85-1 84'8 84-4 85-2 88'6 91-3 
 94-5 93-3 92-3 90-6 89-4 88'3 86'9 86'2 85'6 84-9 84-1 84'0 86-1 89-2 92-1 
 95-6 93-3 91*6 903 89-3 87-8 87-2 86'3 85-4 84-9 84-3 83'6 86'6 89-5 91'9 
 94-8 93-4 91-3 90-1 87-5 86'6 86-1 85-3 84'5 84-1 837 84'1 85-1 86-6 88'3 
 
 Q^-O CA-7 Q1 -A QO-O GQ-1 QQ-Q ftQ-^ 
 
 91-4 
 92-8 
 91-5 
 94-5 
 93-8 
 898 
 
 93-7 
 94-5 
 94-6 
 96-2 
 94-9 
 90-9 
 
 95-2 
 96-0 
 96-4 
 98-2 
 97-3 
 913 
 
 965 
 97-7 
 98-2 
 101-1 
 98-7 
 91-5 
 
 97-9 
 100-0 
 99-5 
 
 102-0 
 
 99-8 
 93-2 
 
 94-2 
 101-1 
 99-6 
 
 101-2 
 
 101-1 
 
 94-2 
 
 97-4 
 
 91-8 
 
 101-3 
 
 99-0 
 
 102-0 
 
 99-3 
 93-8 
 
 91-3 
 
 82-5 81-8 81-7 81-6 81'3 83-8 85'5 89'3 
 
 92-3 
 
 93-5 
 
 94-3 
 
 96-0 
 
 982 
 
 Means 92-1 
 
 89-4 
 
 871 86-6 86-2 85-6 85-4 85-0 84-6 84'1 83-6 83-2 827 82-6 84-9 877 90-7 
 
 92-9 
 
 95-0 
 
 00-3 
 
 96-6 
 
 96-5 
 
 95-9 
 
 94-4 
 
 88-7 
 
 1 89-5 
 2 91-8 
 3 92-8 
 4 90-3 
 5 88-3 
 6 89-5 
 7 - 
 8 90-4 
 9 92-8 
 10 90-6 
 11 831 
 12 88-4 
 r. 13 87-8 
 8 14 ! - 
 rt 15: 84-1 
 g 16 90-3 
 g 17; 89-1 
 S 1891-6 
 19! 93-1 
 20 87-8 
 21 - 
 22 94-5 
 23; 88-8 
 24' 90-0 
 25 92-2 
 26 88-6 
 27! 95-3 
 28 
 21) 88-8 
 30 98-4 
 31 
 
 88-3 
 89-1 
 91-5 
 88-1 
 87-3 
 88-1 
 
 88-8 
 90-0 
 89-5 
 81-8 
 86-8 
 86-3 
 
 84-0 
 89-2 
 87-8 
 90-2 
 91-5 
 86-1 
 
 91-8 
 88-1 
 88-4 
 90-2 
 82-3 
 91-8 
 
 87-3 
 95-9 
 
 86-5 85-5 84-5 84'1 837 83'4 83'2 sS'6 82-0 817 81'3 81-5 84-8 88'5 91-2 
 86-5 86-2 85-7 85'3 85-4 84'8 83'0 82'2 81-5 81'3 81-1 80'6 84'8 88'6 91-2 
 87-6 86-5 85-7 85'5 85'3 85'3 85-3 84'8 84-4 83'9 83-3 82-8 85'3 89'5 91-5 
 86-1 85-6 85-3 84-8 84'8 84'5 83'8 82'4 81-1 817 82'3 82-5 82-5 8'2 91-3 
 86-3 85-1 84-5 84'3 84'2 84'8 84'2 83-6 83- 1 82'3 81-5 80'3 83-9 88'0 90'3 
 
 Rfi-fi SV7 SV^ ftV7 8V7 8^-9 8'-i-"> 
 
 93-4 
 93-8 
 94-3 
 92-1 
 91-4 
 
 96-1 
 
 96-0 
 96-2 
 96-2 
 93-8 
 
 98-3 
 96-9 
 977 
 98-0 
 91-8 
 
 99-5 
 98-4 
 95-2 
 98-3 
 91-7 
 
 94-8 
 
 100-4 
 
 93-5 
 94-5 
 94-5 
 
 944 
 96-0 
 93-2 
 93-1 
 93-2 
 
 936 
 94-7 
 91-8 
 91-1 
 91-8 
 
 88-0 
 88-6 
 88-9 
 87-9 
 87-1 
 
 87-2 
 87-5 
 86-9. 
 83-0 
 82-8 
 85-6 
 
 81-7 
 8-2-4 
 83-6 
 84-1 
 85-0 
 86-1 
 
 85-4 
 85-2 
 87-7 
 88-0 
 88-8 
 85-4 
 
 84-5 
 86-7 
 88-7 
 
 82-6 81-7 81-0 80-2 80-3 83-8 87'4 90'3 
 85-5 85-1 84-5 84'2 83'9 83'7 82-8 82-4 82'1 81-7 81-3 80-6 83-3 88'1 91-1 
 87-1 86-3 85-6 85'4 85'2 85'5 85'3 84-9 84'6 80'4 76-2 76-7 80'0 84-2 86'6 
 86-8 85-4 85-1 84'0 83'4 83'2 83' 1 82'6 82'2 82'0 81-8 80'3 75'3 75'8 76'1 
 81-1 80-5 79-6 79-4 78'5 78'2 77'1 77'4 77'8 77'6 77'3 77'5 81 -2 83'3 86'3 
 84-6 84-2 83-9 83'2 82- 1 81-0 80'8 80'4 80'0 79-1 78-2 77-8 82'2 85-8 87-9 
 80'1 80 1 ! 80'5 81'5 81'3 81'0 80'8 
 
 92-8 
 91-8 
 89-2 
 77-2 
 89-2 
 90-1 
 
 93-2 
 94-5 
 92-1 
 80-3 
 89-3 
 92-3 
 
 93-3 
 94-7 
 92-5 
 84-0 
 89-4 
 94-1 
 
 93-6 
 
 95-2 
 94-5 
 84-9 
 89-6 
 97-2 
 
 93-5 
 
 94-4 
 95-2 
 86-5 
 90-5 
 92-8 
 
 92-3 
 94-5 
 92-."> 
 86-3 
 90-7 
 90-5 
 
 91-3 
 
 94-6 
 91-8 
 85-6 
 90-3 
 90-4 
 
 79-7 78-6 78-6 78'5 79'0 79'4 8V5 82'8 
 82-7 81-7 81-5 81-5 81-3 80'8 80'3 79-2 78-2 78-3 78'3 77'8 79'2 80'6 82'1 
 85-1 83-3 82-5 82'5 82'5 79'5 78'6 78'4 78'3 78-3 78'3 78'3 78'3 79-2 81'2 
 86-1 85-2 84-5 80'3 79'3 79-3 79-1 79-1 79'1 79-0 78-9 7R-8 79-3 81 -o 85'1 
 88-2 78-6 78-5 79'3 79-3 78-4 78-6 78'9 79'3 78-9 78'5 77'7 80'6 84-5 88'3 
 83-2 82-2 81-3 817 bO'S 80'8 80'3 80'5 807 80'8 80'8 80-5 81-5 85-5 88'3 
 '8'3 82- 1 82'0 82-3 81'3 80'9 80'3 - 
 
 82-3 
 84-1 
 84-1 
 84-6 
 90-1 
 90-2 
 
 82-5 
 85-1 
 86-8 
 87-2 
 91-2 
 90-6 
 
 83-1 
 
 85-8 
 88-0 
 89-0 
 92-3 
 93-1 
 
 83-0 
 87-3 
 90-1 
 90-4 
 93-4 
 95-2 
 
 P4-3 
 87-3 
 9M 
 91-5 
 94-5 
 96-3 
 
 84-6 
 88-4 
 91-0 
 91-3 
 94-2 
 97-1 
 
 84-S 
 
 89-1 
 90-3 
 92-2 
 94-8 
 89-3 
 
 _ _ _ _ 81-2 82-1 81-0 79-8 79-5 79-8 82-4 85-3 
 85-5 84-2 84-2 84-9 847-84-3 82'8 82'0 81 -3 80-8 80'3 80'5 80'4 83'1 8i\5 
 86-7 85-3 84-3 84'3 835 83'2 82'4 81'8 81-3 80-5 79-6 79'3 83'3 87'4 90-1 
 86-6 85-5 84-8 84 4 837 83'5 83'3 83'0 82'8 81-7 80-5 79'6 ?3'4 87'3 89'5 
 87-1 86-2 85-5 85-2 85-1 85'0 84'5 84'0 83-5 83-6 837 83-2 83'4 88'3 9M 
 81-3 808 79-7 80'5 80'4 80'2 80'3 80'5 80'7 80'5 60'3 80- 1 82'5 85-3 87-5 
 88'3 86-0 84-1 80'6 79'5 79~8 79'4 
 
 89-3 
 85-5 
 93-0 
 91-4 
 92-5 
 90-2 
 
 91-1 
 87-5 
 95-1 
 95-2 
 94-6 
 91-3 
 
 92-6 
 87-8 
 95-7 
 96-2 
 95-9 
 93-1 
 
 93-5 
 87-3 
 96-5 
 96-4 
 97-3 
 94-3 
 
 95-2 
 88-6 
 98-0 
 97-7 
 98-2 
 95-2 
 
 96-5 
 
 89-2 
 98-4 
 98-0 
 99-2 
 97-2 
 
 96-3 
 
 89-0 
 98-0 
 98-6 
 91-5 
 97-0 
 
 80-7 82-1 81-7 81-3 81'5 8M 81'S 81-3 
 85-8 85-3 84-6 84-1 83'0 81-5 81'0 80'6 80'3 80'2 80-1 79'5 81-1 83'6 86'1 
 93-0 90-1 88-7.86-8 86'5 87'3 86'2 85'0 83'9 83'1 82-3 81-8 82'3 84'3 87'3 
 
 81-5 
 89-3 
 87-8 
 
 83-6 
 91-8 
 89-8 
 
 86-6 
 94-3 
 93-3 
 
 87-3 
 96-7 
 93-5 
 
 90-0 
 97-2 
 93-9 
 
 91-4 
 99-3 
 94-3 
 
 91-2 
 
 98-2 
 94-5 
 
 Means 90'3 
 
 88-5 
 
 85-6 84-3 83-7 83'3 82'9 82'5 81'9 81'6 81'3 80'8 80-2 80'0 81'6 84-8 87'1 
 
 88-9 
 
 90-9 
 
 92-2 
 
 93-1 
 
 93-4 
 
 93-3 
 
 92-4 1 86-0 
 
 * The numbers ill these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 69 
 
 DRY STANDARD THERMOMETER No. 7 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 MeanTme Noon 12 3 4 5 67 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. li. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. li. m. li. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h m h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 31.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 i> 13 
 
 2 14 
 
 16 
 & 17 
 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooo oooooooo 
 93-4 91-5 88-4 86'4 86-2 84'6 841 82'6 82'2 82'2 82'3 81'8 81 '3 81-0 81'5 85'6 873 89'9 92'5 95'2 97'3 98'2 100-2 99-3 
 88-3 85-4 84-5 84-3 837 83'6 831 82-1 82-1 81 2 80-3 79'4 78'5 78-9 8G"8 83-5 86'8 88-3 90'2 92'3 95'5 94-5 94-8 95-0 
 88-5 88-0 85-3 847 84'2 83-9 83'2 82'5 82-8 82'4 82-1 817 81'3 80-5 81'4 84-2 871 901 93-3 95'5 96-7 99-2 99'4 94'9 
 89'3 s^-o 871 Q 6'l 85'S S-y 80'1 80'8 11 
 
 O 
 
 881 
 857 
 
 87-2 
 
 87-0 
 897 
 86-6 
 87-5 
 871 
 86-5 
 
 857 
 87-2 
 87-9 
 877 
 86-8 
 867 
 
 867 
 86-2 
 83-8 
 837 
 837 
 847 
 
 807 
 776 
 79-5 
 797 
 81-8 
 81-6 
 
 82-2 83-3 82'9 82'5 82'7 82-5 84'3 87'1 89'2 91'3 94'3 94-4 97'0 95'4 97-0 
 95-2 95-2 92-f! 86'3 85 7 85-2 84'5 84'3 86-2 85-2 84'3 83'4 82-5 82'3 84-0 87 90- 1 92-3 951 96 4 98'2 98'2 98'4 99-5 
 90-8 89-3 87-6 82'2 83-7 83'6 83-2 83'3 82-2 81'2 80-2 80-3 80'3 80-2 83-1 85-3 88'5 911 943 96 1 96'3 931 91'2 91'3 
 90-5 86-4 84-8 843 84'3 83-5 83'7 83'3 83'0 82-4 81-8 82'5 83-1 83'3 84'0 86'8 90'1 92-1 94'3 96'7 98'2 941 95'2 91'8 
 87-5 87-3 857 85'4 84'8 841 83'5 83'3 82'3 82'3 82'3 817 811 81'4 83'3 86'0 88'8 90'6 927 93'5 94'3 961 97'2 961 
 89-5 86-8 86-2 85'3 84'6 84'3 841 83'5 81'5 811 80'8 806 80'3 80'4 82-3 85'9 88'5 91 '3 923 943 961 95'3 92'5 89'4 
 
 RQ'^ RR-3 8^-7 8A-7 S^t-Q R'i'X. 81-1 78' 1 ? 7<VR 
 
 _______ 78-5 80-3 80-2 801 801 81'3 831 87'3 88'8 92'3 93-3 95-2 96'9 951 91'8 
 92-0 89-3 87-3 86'0 85'0 841 83'8 83'5 82'8 82-9 831 82'5 81'8 820 82'3 851 87'5 891 89'8 9] -5 941 94'8 95'2 96'4 
 95-4 94-2 91-4 86'2 847 83 9 83'4 83'0 82'3 82'3 82'3 81'4 80 5 80'5 82'3 84-8 87'3 901 92'3 94'4 96'2 97'4 97'0 96'8 
 951 90-6 88-2 88'2 85'4 843 84'3 83'8 837 85'4 831 82'4 817 81'9 827 85-3 87'8 89'8 93'2 95'5 952 92'8 92'3 93'0 
 90-4 88-3 85-4 84'5 84'5 84'3 84-0 82'5 81 '8 81-4 811 81'2 81'3 82'2 83'8 851 87'5 90'5 91-5 94'8 967 94'8 94'6 91'4 
 90-5 87 85-4 84'9 83'5 82 3 82'3 821 81-8 81'6 81'5 81'0 80 5 80'3 82'5 871 89'3 91'5 941 95'5 95'0 95'3 93'5 92'3 
 88-8 87-^ Rvl 847 84.0 84.-1 R4.-1 8 1J !-9 R9-Q - 
 
 82-6 82-3 817 811 81'2 82-5 85-9 89'5 921 94-6 95'2 94-5 92'3 90"6 89'9 
 88-6 86-8 84-4 837 83'5 84'2 83'5 83-2 831 82'3 81'5 80'9 80'3 79'3 79-8 81'5 87'5 89'2 92'3 95'4 97-5 94'5 951 90'5 
 88-5 87-2 85-4 847 83'8 83'5 83'5 83'3 83'5 81'4 79'3 78 3 77'2 76'5 77'3 78'5 801 81'5 86'2 89'6 90'6 91-3 90'5 90'3 
 871 84-3 83-0 82'6 82'3 82'4 81 8 81'3 81'3 81-5 817 78'5 75'3 75'5 77-3 81'6 841 86-4 88'3 91'2 92'5 90'2 902 89-3 
 87-9 85-3 82-5 811 80'9 801 79'5 78-5 78'8 78'8 78'8 791 79'3 79-3 82-5 85'6 87-3 901 911 85-8 89-9 901 89'2 88-3 
 86-4 84-6 831 82-4 82'2 81'5 81-5 81'5 81'8 81'0 80'3 79'4 78'4 781 80-3 83'4 871 88'3 90'3 92-2 92'8 941 91-0 90'3 
 
 78-9 75-3 757 761 76'3 76-9 76'9 781 78-8 801 82'2 81-6 81'8 81'2 79'3 
 79-3 791 781 77'4 76-6 761 74-3 737 72-4 73-0 73-6 73'8 73-9 74-4 74-4 761 781 79'4 811 81-8 83'5 841 84'3 84-3 
 8-2-8 81-5 80-3 79-3 78'3 77"! 76-8 76-3 75-5 75-4 75-3 75'3 75-3 74'8 76-3 79'2 80'6 81'9 83'8 84'8 84'4 851 86'5 82'5 
 81-2 80-5 76-6 76-3 76'5 76'3 76'3 76'3 76-2 76'2 76-3 76'3 76'3 76'2 76-4 78'5 81-3 83'3 85'3 86'2 88'3 901 86-3 80-8 
 83-4 82-3 81-2 80'8 80'3 79'3 79'5 78'5 78'4 78'2 78'2 77'3 76'5 77'3 77'3 78'2 841 85'2 86'3 88'8 90'6 90 5 83'5 87'6 
 87-3 84-8 82-3 80'3 80'5 777 76'8 76'0 77'5 77'3 77'2 77'2 771 76-5 78'5 81'3 83-5 84'5 861 87'5 88'0 87'8 87-5 84-3 
 
 Means 887 86'9 84'9 83'6 83-0 82'4 81'8 81-3 81'0 80'6 80'3 79'9 79-4 79'4 80'6 83-2 86'0 88'0 90'2 91-9 931 92'9 921 90'9| 851 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 c 
 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 5s ! 
 
 m 1 
 
 & 17 
 ds |c 
 O 
 <j 1C 
 
 2C 
 21 
 25 
 
 2? 
 
 24 
 
 26 
 27 
 
 2 
 3C 
 31 
 
 84'5 83-6 81-9 81-6 81-3 80-6 80-3 79-9 79-3 - 
 
 83-5 
 84-8 
 851 
 85-2 
 86-3 
 85-9 
 
 87-5 
 87-8 
 85-9 
 86-4 
 85-5 
 88-0 
 
 89-0 
 87-5 
 84-9 
 867 
 85-5 
 85-0 
 
 84-4 
 847 
 85-5 
 867 
 857 
 86-3 
 
 867 
 86-5 
 
 79-9 78-6 78-4 78'2 78'3 78-6 82-3 831 85-8 88'0 89'5 92-4 92'2 92-5 92'3 
 86-3 85-3 83-3 82'5 82'3 821 81'9 817 817 80'9 80'2 79-8 79'3 79'0 811 84'8 85'5 87'5 89-3 91-3 93.1 94'3 92'0 89'3 
 87-2 861 83'4 83'0 82'3 82'0 82'0 81-6 81'6 81'4 81'3 80'4 79'5 79'2 81'3 84'5 861 87'8 90-5 92'2 941 944 911 89-8 
 877 84-9 83-3 82'5 83-3 82'9 82'3 82'2 81'3 807 801 797 79'3 78-5 81'3 841 86-3 88-3 901 92'3 94'2 957 93'3 90-3 
 88-3 861 84-4 84'2 83'4 831 82'5 82'5 82'5 82'0 81-5 81'0 80'4 81'3 82-3 84'8 87'3 88-5 91-8 931 94'8 95'6 98'0 90'8 
 87-5 82-6 82-3 827 82'0 817 81'6 81'6 81'5 81'8 821 817 81'3 80'4 81'3 84'0 86'8 89'5 89'8 93'5 95'8 97'0 971 97'0 
 96'0 93'6 90'3 871 86'3 83'9 837 83' 8'5 
 
 82-0 81-5 81-3 811 80'0 811 847 85'8 891 90'6 92-3 931 96'2 97"4 981 
 961 941 891 86 8 86'8 85'0 85'3 85'0 84'5 83'8 83'2 82'2 81-2 79-2 81'8 84'5 87-4 89'5 92'3 92'5 95'2 96'3 951 89'5 
 871 86-5 84-4 83'3 82-5 82'6 82'3 81"4 807 801 79'5 80'2 80'8 80'5 81-5 83'5 88'3 90'0 91-2 93'5 957 96'5 961 94 6 
 88-3 85-5 84-3 83'5 83'3 83'0 82'8 82-4 81'9 811 80'3 80'2 80'0 79'5 81'3 85'5 86'8 91-2 92-8 94'5 96-2 98'0 99'2 93'2 
 87-5 83-4 82-2 82'2 82'2 82'0 81'2 80'8 80'6 80'4 80'3 80'0 797 79'3 811 841 871 891 91-2 93'4 95'2 96'3 967 96'3 
 957 93-3 88'8 85'5 88'2 85'4 85'0 84-9 84-5 83'8 831 82'6 821 81'4 82'3 857 87'2 88-3 90'3 92'5 94'2 95'2 96'8 95'2 
 
 Q'}'^ Q1-^ R8-T R7-4 R7-4. R7'9 Rfi'^ RR'O R'v 6 ; 
 
 85-0 84-5 84-4 84'3 831 837 84-5 881 88'8 91'6 95'2 967 96-2 97'4 98'4 
 97-3 91-5 87-4 861 851 841 82'8 82-4 81'8 82'5 83'3 82'4 81'5 81-3 821 841 86-0 887 91-5 93'5 95'2 96'2 971 97-2 
 95-9 89-5 861 83'0 79'3 79-5 79'3 79'3 81'3 81'2 81'2 81'2 811 80'8 811 82'3 851 86'5 875 89'0 90'5 92'3 931 91-5 
 911 881 86-3 85-3 84'3 82-5 82'3 821 82-5 82'8 831 82'8 82'5 821 821 841 88'3 90'3 92'3 94'4 960 98'0 91'3 87'3 
 86-3 85'4 84-2 831 82'3 82-0 82'0 82'4 821 81'2 80'3 80'2 801 79'8 81'5 84-3 88'0 89'5 91-3 94-5 96'4 97'4 901.88-4 
 86-5 86-3 84-3 84'0 82'5 83-2 811 80'3 81'0 80'6 80'3 80'0 79'6 79-2 81'3 841 86'9 88'3 911 93'3 967 93'6 901 87-2 
 85'5 84'6 83' S1'4 80'9 80'0 SO'l 78'3 77'3 
 
 ____ 787 80-2 80-3 80-3 80'2 82'3 84-3 86'3 88'3 89'8 93'3 951 92-3 924 90-4 
 88-3 861 83-4 83'2 82'5 821 817 81'3 81'2 80'8 80'5 79'2 77'8 77'3 79'3 847 87'3 89'6 91'3 93'3 93'0 90'4 90'3 88'5 
 881 85-2 841 81'8 81'6 82'0 81-8 81-2 80-5 79'6 787 78'6 78'5 78'3 80'0 83-8 861 89'3 92'0 94'3 951 97'3 97-4 96'0 
 92-5 87-9 851 84'6 84'8 84'4 821 82'3 82-5 82'4 82'3 81-9 81'5 81'3 82'6 857 88'3 90'6 92-2 94-3 96-2 91'6 93'3 90'5 
 90-3 871 85-5 84'5 84'0 84'0 831 81-5 81-5 81'3 81'2 807 80'2 80'0 81-5 82-6 847 88'4 90-3 93'3 95'2 92'6 92'5 90-5 
 89-3 86-5 85-3 84-4 83'5 827 82-4 82'S 821 81'4 80'8 80'2 79-5 797 81-4 847 87'6 90'3 91'3 95-3 96'2 98'3 95'2 92'4 
 
 82-4 81-0 81-0 80-9 81'3 817 84'5 86'5 89'3 917 941 960 931 92'3 901 
 87-3 85'8 84-3 83'6 83'5 83'3 82'6 82'5 82'4 83'0 83'6 83'3 83'0 82'3 83-3 86"3 87'4 89-8 92'3 941 95'3 96-2 92'0 88'3 
 
 Means 1897 87-2 85'0 83'9 83'5 83'0 82'5 821 81'9 81'6 81'3 80'9 80'5 801 81'5 84'3 867 88'9 90-9 93'2 94-9 951 94'2 92-0 1 86'0 
 
 * Tho numbers in these columns are not observed but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily maane. 
 
 18 
 
70 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DRY STANDARD THERMOMETER No. 7 
 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 6 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Madras 
 
 h. m h m h m h m h m. h m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. ni. h. in. h. m. h. m. 
 
 Means 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 6.41 fl.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 (1.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 881 85-9 84-5 84'0 83 -3 831 83'3 83-3 831 827 82-3 81-9 81-5 81'3 82'3 85'3 88'2 901 90'5 90'6 92'3 91'5 92'3 90'6 
 
 85-9 
 
 2 
 
 891 867 84-6 84'3 83'6 83'3 83'0 831 82'8 827 82-6 82-6 82-5 82'8 83-2 85'5 83-3 87'3 88'3 92'0 93'2 92-0 93'3 91'8 
 
 86-0 
 
 3 
 
 90-0 88-3 85-3 84-2 84-3 83'8 83'9 84-3 83'5 83'6 837 83'0 82'3 SI'S 82-2 86'4 88-3 90-5 92-5 94'5 927 93'3 931 91'0 
 
 86-9 
 
 4 
 
 901 87-3 85-5 85-2 841 83'4 83'2 831 82'5 82-0 81'5 81'5 81~5 80'5 821 861 87-4 88'2 90'3 931 93'8 921 917 91'3 
 
 861 
 
 5 
 
 QQ-f^ Q7-1 fi^-Q ft4.-Q fiA-1 '3-4. ft^'H 9-4 ft9-*3 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 ______ 82-2 821 81-3 80'5 807 82'5 86-8 89-4 921 94-3 95-5 93-4 93'3 92-8 90'8 
 
 86-6 
 
 7 
 
 88-3 86-3 851 84'2 83'6 83'5 83'3 83'6 83-5 83'2 83'0 82'5 81-9 81'3 82'8 85'3 87'3 90'3 927 94'8 96'4 97'2 98'2 91'5 
 
 871 
 
 8 
 
 89-4 86-5 85-3 84-0 837 84-2. 84'2 84-2 83'5 831 82'8 827 82-5 82'3 82'5 847 88'0 89'5 91'3 93'8 96'2 97-5 95-3 901 
 
 87-0 
 
 9 
 
 87-9 87-0 85-6 85'3 85'3 85'3 84'3 84-3 84'2 841 84'0 83'4 82-8 82'0 821 82'8 85'3 88'3 901 931 96-2 96'2 95'9 92'5 
 
 '87-0 
 
 10 
 
 89-3 85 6 84-4 837 83'5 83'5 83'5 82'8 827 817 80'8 801 79'3 79'0 81-0 831 86'3 891 91'8 93'8 92~3 91-5 92'6 91-3 
 
 85-5 
 
 i- 11 
 
 89-8 86-8 84-9 84'0 83'0 827 827 82'4 821 81'8 81'6 811 80-5 79'3 80'5 851 87'5 89'9 92'5 91-8 91 -5 90'8 91-3 90'6 
 
 85-6 
 
 Jg 12 
 
 QO'O 87 - '-l R4"Q fi4-'1 fi^*^ ft^*^ ft2*7 ft2' ^t fi2'fi 
 
 
 CO Xi 
 
 13 
 
 83-0 83-3 82-8 82-3 81'8 82'5 82'6 83'3 85'0 88'8 931 94-5 947 92-4 89'6 
 
 85-9 
 
 03 14 
 
 Cfl 
 
 88-8 871 86-3 83'8 801 80'3 80'3 79'9 78'6 787 78'9 781 77'3 77'8 78'3 79'6 81-5 85'4 88-3 91'3 92'5 87'2 81'3 847 
 
 82-8 
 
 3 15 
 
 84-8 84-3 82-5 82'2 821 81'5 807 811 80'3 79'8 79'3 78'8 78'3 79'0 79'0 811 83'5 85'5 85'5 86'3 84'5 84'3 85'5 86'5 
 
 82-3 
 
 16 
 
 86-2 861 84-0 83'6 82'3 82-3 82'3 79-3 78'3 78'8 79-3 79'3 79'3 79'0 78'5 78'3 801 831 85'3 86'3 88-4 89'3 88'6 87-5 827 
 
 g 17 
 
 84-3 84-3 83-8 82-6 81'5 81 '4 78'0 78'0 79'0 78'4 77'8 781 78'3 791 79'3 79'9 82'2 83'5 84-3 84-9 871 87'5 87'3 87-3 82'0 
 
 S 18 
 
 86-5 84-6 83-4 82'2 81-2 80'3 81'3 80'6 80'8 80'6 80-5 80'9 81'3 80'4 80'4 82'3 85-3 871 887 90'3 91'8 93'8 93'6 91'5 84-6 
 
 gj 19: 91-3 851 84-5 83'3 83'3 82'5 82-3 81'9 81-3 - _________ 
 
 
 
 '20' 80-8 80-3 801 79-8 78'3 78'5 79-3 81'8 84'3 85'3 87'3 87'5 88'2 887 87'3 
 
 83-5 
 
 21(86-2 83-9 82-5 82'3 821 81-3 81'3 81-2 807 80'4 80-2 79'8 79-3 79-3 81'0 83-2 84-5 871 87'5 86'3 871 89-5 891 87'6 
 
 83-5 
 
 22 
 
 85-9 84-3 82-6 82'5 82'3 82'0 81'8 81-3 80'6 801 79'6 79'6 79'6 80'5 82-3 82-8 81'3 841 86'3 86'8 85'5 88'3 87'6 86-6 
 
 831 
 
 23 
 
 86-5 83-8 831 82'3 817 81'5 81'3 81'0 80"8 80'4 801 79'8 79'5 79'7 811 83-5 87'3 88'5 91-0 91-3 90'3 90'3 89'8 88'5 
 
 84-3 
 
 24 
 
 86-4 84-2 83-4 83-3 82'6 82'5 82'4 81-9 817 81-5 81'3 811 80'9 79'3 79'9 83'3 85'5 88'5 90'5 91'3 901 89'3 891 88'0 
 
 84-5 
 
 25 
 
 86-3 84-3 83-3 827 82'5 82-5 82'5 82'3 81-5 81'3 811 811 81'0 80'6 81'4 84'3 86'8 89'6 92-4 93'8 92'8 92'0 911 88'8 
 
 85-3 
 
 26 
 
 87'2 85'3 84'2 83'5 83'5 82'6 80'3 80'5 80'2 
 
 
 27 
 
 79-0 77-9 781 78'3 78'3 79-3 81'5 85'5 88'8 92'6 92'2 92'0 93'3 91'2 90'3 
 
 54-4 
 
 28 
 
 86-5 84-3 83'4 82'5 81'2 807 80-2 79'5 79'5 78-5 77'5 76'9 76'3 76-0 78'0 81-3 84'8 88'0 90'3 93'3 92'3 91-0 89'8 88-3 
 
 83-3 
 
 29 
 
 88-0 86-3 84-5 84'3 84'3 83'2 82'6 82'3 81'3 80'8 80'3 79-3 78'3 77'5 79'3 82'4 86'5 891 917 93-0 92'8 93'0 91'2 87'8 
 
 85-0 
 
 30 
 
 80-5 80-0 79-8 79'3 79'3 791 78'6 77-9 781 777 77'3 77'4' 77'5 77'0 77'5 801 84'3 88-3 90'5 92-5 94'2 93'3 94-0 94-3 
 
 82-9 
 
 Means 1 87-6 85'5 841 83'4 82-8 82'4 82-0 817 81'4 81-0 807 80-4 801 79-8 807 82'9 85'2 877 897 9L3 91-6 91-6 91'0 89-5 
 
 84-8 
 
 
 # # 
 
 
 1 
 
 89-8 87-3 85-6 84'6 83'8 82'5 817 811 811 80'2 79-3 787 781 78'0 79-8 82'3 85-5 88~8 90'5 93'3 92'8 91'8 91-4 9G'2 
 
 84-9 
 
 2 
 
 88-4 87-3 85'5 847 83'9 83'0 82'3 81'3 70'9 71'9 72'9 73'6 74-2 75-3 76'3 79'8 82-5 85'5 88'3 89'0 891 88'8 881 85 8 
 
 82-0 
 
 3 
 
 85-6 84-3 82-5 81-4 80'4 79-6 78'5 78'0 78'0 - 
 
 
 4 
 
 787 79-5 78-9 78-3 781 78'4 81-3 84-5 87'5 90'3 91-8 91'3 911 88'9 87-5 
 
 831 
 
 E 
 
 86-6 85-3 83-5 83'3 82'8 821 81-3 80'3 79-6 78-8 78'0 777 77-4 771 78'3 81-3 85-3 881 90'3 92'3 94 2 89 9 90'3 87'0 
 
 83'8 
 
 
 
 85-0 84-8 84-5 84-3 831 83'5 82'3 80'6 80'3 79-9 79'5 79'4 79-2 78'9 79'8 82'6 85'6 87'8 891 90-3 89-4 897 88'3 87'5 
 
 84'0 
 
 7 
 
 86-6 85-0 841 83-5 83'3 83'0 82-3 821 79-6 78'9 78'3 78'2 781 777 78'8 81-6 85'6 87-8 88-3 88'3 88-2 88'3 881 86'5 
 
 83-4 
 
 8 
 
 85-5 84-3 83-2 827 82'5 82-4 82'2 81-5 80'2 79'3 78-5 78-2 77'8 77'3 78'3 83-2 86-3 871 89'0 88'6 88'5 88'3 87-3 87 
 
 83'3 
 
 q 
 
 C7 
 
 86-3 84-8 841 84-0 83'5 82-5 81-6 811 79-3 78'9 78"5 78-3 781 781 78'4 81'5 84'8 861 88-5 88'8 88-3 881 88'8 86'8 
 
 83-3 
 
 10 
 
 861 84-3 83-4 83'2 82-6 82'4 82'3 82'3 81'5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
 
 
 r~ 11 
 
 80-4 79-3 77-8 76-3 76'5 77-3 75'6 75'6 75-3 74'4 74'4 75-6 76'3 76'3 76 5 
 
 79-0 
 
 "5 12 
 
 OO 
 
 2 13 
 
 14 
 W 15 
 IP 
 16 
 EH 17 
 
 761 761 75-9 75-6 75'3 751 75'0 74-8 74-8 75'0 75'3 75'3 75-2 747 747 75'3 771 787 79'5 81-3 82-0 83-3 81-3 80 5 
 79-6 76-5 76-2 77'3 77-5 771 77'8 77'4 78'2 77'7 77~3 77'3 77-3 77'8 77'8 80-2 79-5 791 84-3 84-9 84-3 85-2 84-6 84'3 
 82-8 80-2 787 78-3 78-3 77'5 77'5 77'5 76-2 76'2 76'3 761 75'8 761 75-5 75-4 75-5 74-4 74-9 75-3 75-2 76-5 74'9 75-2 
 75-0 75-0 74-4 75-0 74-9 74'9 74'6 73-9 73'9 741 74'4 74-4 74-4 74'4 75'3 77'5 80'3 77'8 78-0 79 8 82-3 83-0 82-6 82-9 
 821 81-0 79-5 79-5 78'3 781 777 77'6 77-2 76'8 76'5 76'3 761 76-0 761 76-5 78'3 80'3 81-5 83'3 83-5 847 83-5 83-3 
 82-3 811 80-4 79-5 78'8 78'2 77'5 77'2 76'6 - _______ _ _ 
 
 77-0 
 79-5 
 76-6 
 76'8 
 79-3 
 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 
 76-4 76-3 761 75'8 761 771 79'5 81 5 84'3 821 85-3 8 r r2 8^1 84-6 83-9 
 83-3 81-8 80-9 801 797 78'8 77'8 77'4 77'2 77'2 77'2 77'3 77'3 76-3 76-8 77-5 80-3 82'9 84-9 B 1 86-0 84-^ 8M-9 m* 
 82-3 81-5 811 81-0 80-3 79-5 78'9 781 77'5 77'3 77'2 77'2 771 76'4 76'5 78-4 801 82'6 85-S 83-fi 84-8 at : ^ KW RW 
 81-3 811 80-5 80-4 79'9 78-3 75-6 76-3 75'8 75'2 74'6 74-4 741 741 75-2 76'2 77-2 77-5 78-6 79-1 79-5 79-1 SO-1 80-s 
 78-8 791 791 79'3 79-4 79-2 791 78'3 78'3 78'5 78'8 77-1 75-3 75'2 74-4 74'6 77-5 77-3 79-S 79-2 79-7 TQ-a 70^ 7Q-1 
 77-9 77-3 76-5 75'5 75-5 75'3 751 75-0 74-9 75-0 751 74'8 74'4 74.4 73'6 73'6 73-6 74'3 73-9 fts T(-( nZ 7r.n 7r.n 
 74-9 74-6 74-5 74-5 74'6 74'4 73'4 73'4 73'4 - 
 
 80-0 
 80-2 
 80-5 
 777 
 78-2 
 751 
 
 25 
 
 74-6 75-8 75-6 75-3 75'5 75'5 76 2 76'5 75-5 747 7<s-3 75-q 7V9 7<vS 7^-a 
 
 rye. f\ 
 
 26 
 27 
 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 76-1 76-4 76-3 76-1 76-0 75-8 75'3 75-3 75'2 75'2 75-3 75-3 75'3 75-3 75-3 76-1 77'6 78'6 79-3 791 79-3 79-3 78-3 W$ 
 78-5 78-3 77-0 76-9 76'9 77-3 76-8 76'3 76-2 75-9 75-6 75-9 76-1 75-5 75- 3 76-5 80- 1 8T3 82'0 82-6 84-0 82-8 82-5 82-3 
 80-3 80-0 78-7 78'5 77-9 77-4 76-9 761 75-5 75-4 75-3 75'2 75-0 74-6 74-6 76-3 78-4 81"2 81-9 83-0 82-8 82-8 81 5 807 
 80-0 78-3 77-0 76-1 75-5 74-6 73-9 73-6 73-6 73-4 73-2 72-8 72-4 71-8 71-5 73-5 76-5 79'3 81-3 82-3 fill 831 8-8 80? 
 79-6 77-8 77-0 77-0 76-3 76'3 76'0 76-1 76-3 75-5 74-7 74-6 74-4 74-0 74-2 75-8 76-3 76'3 767 77-3 77-3 77-5 77-7 77.5 
 
 /O U 
 
 767 
 78-4 
 78-3 
 76-6 
 76-3 
 
 Means i 2 77'8 77'0 76'8 76'6 76'4 761 76'0 76'3 78'0 801 81'4 82'6 83'3 837 83'6 831 82-4 
 
 79-6 
 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 71 
 
 
 DRY STANDARD THERMOMETER No. 7 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 >ni]y and 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m, h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. h. m, h. ni. h, in. h. m. h. m. h. m. Ii. in. h. m. h. m. h m. h. m. h. m. h m. h m h m 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 J.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.il 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Opt 31 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 76'3 76'0 75' 75' 747 74'-l 71'5 74'8 74'Q 
 
 O 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 - --- 747 74-6 75-2 75'8 77'2 77'0 75-5 77'2 80'3 82-5 83'3 841 84-5' 851 83'5 
 821 80-3 79-5 791 791 80'0 79'9 797 79-3 78'5 77'8 77'6 77'4 76-6 771 787 79'2 781 80'6 83-8 84'8 84-3 841 82'5 
 811 801 79-5 79-4 79'4 79'3 79'5 791 79'0 78'G 78'3 77-5 76'6 76'2 76'3 80'0 80'8 8'2'3 82'3 84'5 82'8 841 83'5 831 
 81-5 801 797 79-4 79'0 78'8 78'4 787 777 771 76'5 76-3 76'0 751 761 78'8 79-2 81-4 841 85'3 841 83'3 83'3 82-5 
 81-3 801 79-2 78-6 78'5 78'3 781 77'5 77'5 77'4 77'3 76'9 76'4 76'3 77'5 80'3 807 817 831 83-4 84'0 83-3 83'0 82'4 
 811 791 78-4 781 77-5 77'0 76-5 75'6 75'3 751 75'0 74'3 73'6 737 751 78'5 79'6 81'3 82'6 83'3 83'5 83'3 83'2 821 
 81'5 79'3 78'5 78'2 77'5 76'8 76'3 75'5 75'S 
 
 77-8 
 80-0 
 801 
 797 
 797 
 78-4 
 
 8 
 9 
 r~ 10 
 So 11 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 W u 
 
 --------- 74-3 73-4 73-0 72'5 72'9 74-0 76'5 79'2 80'8 80'5 821 81'9 81-6 81-3 811 
 801 78-3 76-6 76-3 75-4 75-3 751 74'9 74-6 74-5 74'4 74-4 74'4 73'5 75'3 78-5 79'8 80'5 81-4 81'5 821 81 '5 81-3 80'5 
 79-5 78-4 77-4 76-5 75-3 751 74-5 74'0 72-6 72-0 71-4 71"3 711 71-0 71'6 75'3 78'0 78'4 80-4 811 811 bV2 80'5 801 
 78-4 77-2 76-3 76-3 75'2 75-5 751 74-8 73'4 72-8 72'3 71-8 71-2 70'5 71'2 74'6 78'0 78'6 79'4 80'3 50'5 80'8 811 80'3 
 79-5 78-0 767 76-3 75-3 74-2 73'8 73'0 72-8 721 71'4 71-0 70-6 70'4 71-5 73'6 76'0 78'4 79'5 811 81'3 81'5 811 79'5 
 79-0 77-3 76-3 75-6 75'3 74-6 75-5 751 74'6 75'0 75'4 74'4 73'4 70'9 721 73'2 75~8 79'5 80'4 821 811 81'3 80'2 801 
 79'3 78 - 3 77'2 76'3 76'3 76'S 757 74'8 74'6 
 
 77-7 
 77-5 
 76-2 
 761 
 75-8 
 76-6 
 
 S 15 
 
 > 1? 
 g ^8 
 19 
 20 
 
 91 
 
 --------- 74-0 73-4 72-8 72-2 72-6 73'4 737 73'4 73'4 73'9 75'3 771 78'6 76'8 76'3 
 75-2 751 74-6 75-3 75-3 75-3 75-2 74'6 73-6 73-5 73-4 73'5 73'5 74-4 76-6 791 80'5 80'6 81'3 81'5 82-0 81-5 81-5 80'5 
 79-5 78-5 78-3 777 777 77'0 767 75-9 76-3 76-0 75'8 757 75'6 761 7.V9 75'5 77'9 797 801 81-3 81'5 811 81-2 79'5 
 791 78-3 77-5 777 76'8 77'0 771 76'8 76'5 75'4 74-3 73'6 72'9 72'9 72'4 737 74'4 75'8 78'6 801 80'5 80'3 80-3 79'5 
 791 77-5 76-5 76-3 76'2 76'2 76'0 75'6 74-4 73'9 73'4 72-9 72'4 71'9 72'3 73'2 72'9 73-3 75'5 78-6 79'5 79'2 78'6 781 
 77-3 76-3 757 757 75-0 74'6 73'9 73'6 72'9 721 71~4 70'5 69-6 69'5 711 71'4 72'6 74'6 77-8 78-8 79-3 79'3 791 77'5 
 76'S 757 74'9 741 73'4 7 9 '8 71'9 70'9 707 
 
 75-2 
 77-0 
 77-9 
 767 
 75-6 
 74-6 
 
 22 
 23 
 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 _________ 71-0 71-4 71-4 71-3 71'2 71-3 71'4 74-2 75'6 77-8 78-3 79'5 80-3 79-3 78'3 
 77-3 76-3 76-3 76'0 76'0 75'6 75'3 747 73'9 731 72'4 72'3 721 71'6 71-6 73'6 75'3 77-4 78'2 80'3 81-3 81'3 807 801 
 78-3 771 757 75-3 751 74'4 74-4 73'5 73'2 72'5 71'8 71-0 701 70'0 70'6 73'2 75'4 77'3 78'4 80-3 81'0 811 80'3 79'5 
 78-2 76-3 74-9 74'0 73-6 72'8 721 71-8 70'8 701 69-4 69'3 69-2 68'3 691 72-3 74'6 76'5 78 : 5 79-5 80'4 80'8 80-2 79'3 
 78-3 76-3 74-9 74'2 73-4 72'6 70'8 70'6 701 69'3 68'6 68-2 677 67'4 68'6 71-3 741 771 79'3 81-5 82'3 82-3 81-8 80'3 
 791 77-5 76 8 76'5 76'3 75'4 75-3 74'3 73'0 71'8 707 70'6 70'4 70'4 70'6 727 767 79'3 81-2 821 81'8 821 81-3 811 
 797 78-3 77-3 76-8 76-2 761 75'6 75'4 751 
 - - - - 727 70-4 701 697 69-6 70'4 73'6 76'3 78'3 79'4 81'6 81'4 817 81-3 79'8 
 787 76-6 761 757 75'3 74-9 747 74-2 74-2 721 70-0 691 68'2 68'2 69'4 72'5 75'4 78'5 79'4 80-4 80'2 80'2 80'0 79'5 
 
 74-3 
 75-9 
 75-4 
 74-3 
 74-2 
 76-2 
 
 761 
 751 
 
 Means 
 
 791 77-8 76-9 76'6 761 75'8 75'5 75-0 74-5 73-8 73-2 72'9 72-5 72'2 73-0 75-0 76'8 78'4 79-9 81'2 81'5 81'5 81-2 80'3 
 
 767 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 78-8 77-3 767 76-3 761 75'0 74'6 74-4 727 72'0 71'4 7*0 70'6 70-4 72'0 75'3 77-6 79-4 79-4 79'3 79'8 791 79-3 79'3 
 781 77-3 761 75'5 75'4 74'6 73'6 73'4 72'4 71-2 70-0 697 69'4 69-5 69-9 73'4 771 77-8 793 79'5 79'8 791 79'3 79'5 
 77-9 771 75-6 75'2 75'2 741 737 717 70'2 69'3 68'4 69'3 70'2 697 69'6 72'2 74'6 77'8 79'3 791 797 79'4 79'8 79-3 
 78-2 77-0 75-5 747 747 74-8 74'8 74'2 74'0 72'3 70'6 70'5 70'4 69'6 70'2 75'3 767 78'0 78'8 79-6 80'2 801 79'3 77'8 
 777 77'3 761 757 757 75'0 755 75' 73'S 
 
 757 
 
 75-0 
 74-5 
 75-3 
 
 -6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1C 
 11 
 
 t> 10 
 
 --------- 72-0 70-2 70-3 70'4 70'0 69'4 727 75'5 76"5 77-5 78-5 79'3 79-4 79-3 77'3 
 76-0 75-3 73-9 72'4 71'5 69'3 687 68'0 67'4 66'9 66'4 66'2 65'9 64-9 651 68'6 72'9 74-6 75-6 77'3 78'5 77'5 78'8 77'5 
 76-8 74-4 72-6 70'4 69-9 69'8 69'8 70-4 70'2 70-2 70-2 70'2 701 70-3 70-6 70'4 71-5 74-3 761 76-5 77-6 76'2 75'3 751 
 74-8 73-8 72-9 72'0 72'0 70'8 69'5 68'6 68'2 67'4 66'6 661 65'6 65'3 657 67'9 71-6 73'9 75'5 76'3 77-2 78'0 76'3 75'8 
 74-8 74-4 73-9 737 73-4 73'0 72'4 70'4 70'2 69'8 69'4 69-4 69'3 691 68'2 68'4 68'8 68'8 69-3 71-6 717 73'2 74-0 741 
 73-6 72-6 72-6 74'3 75'2 75-3 75-3 75'3 75'8 75'9 761 76-2 76'3 76-2 761 77'5 78-0 781 78'3 78-5 81-5 77'4 77'2 771 
 
 751 
 717 
 72-4 
 71-3 
 71-3 
 76-3 
 
 JO if. 
 
 2 13 
 
 DH 1 " 
 
 W 15 
 
 | 17 
 
 O IS 
 
 ta in 
 
 ----- 731 73-4 73-3 731 72-4 72'5 73'9 77-3 78'9 80'8 80'6 811 81-2 80-8 79-8 
 78-6 77-5 76-5 75'9 75-5 751 75'0 731 72'2 717 71'2 71-2 711 71'4 70'6 72'9 75-6 78'3 801 80'8 80'2 81'3 81-0 80-0 
 79-0 77-0 75-5 753 75-2 74'5 72'9 72-4 70'6 701 69'6 697 69-8 69-4 69'9 72'6 75'8 77~3 79'5 79-8 80'3 80'3 80'0 791 
 77-9 761 74-9 73'8 72'6 71-0 69-4 67'9 68'5 68'0 67'5 67'3 671 66-6 67'4 71-2 74'3 76'3 78-6 78'8 79'4 79'6 79-3 78'8 
 77-3 75-3 73-6 73'6 73-4 73'2 72~9 727 72'4 71-6 70'9 69'5 681 67'4 68'0 711 737 76'2 77-8 80'3 80'5 801 8OO 79'0 
 777 761 74-2 72'8 72'4 72-3 70'2 69-4 68-5 68'8 69'2 69-3 69-4 707 70-8 74'4 761 78-3 78'5 79'5 79'8 76-8 74'2 73'6 
 
 75-9 
 757 
 74-8 
 73-0 
 741 
 73-5 
 
 3 2C 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 
 9f 
 
 1 _ _ _"_____ 72-0 717 71-6 71-4 71-4 71'4 72-2*75-3 77'3 78'8 79-4 79-3 79'3 79'0 78'3 
 77'5 76-5 761 75-5 75-2 747 74-6 74'4 73'9 73"5 73'2 73'3 73-4 73-9 73-9 751 76'5 78-3 78'4 79'0 79-5 79'6 791 78'3 
 77-3 75-8 74-6 74'4 73-8 73'8 73'9 73'9 73-4 73-8 74-2 74-2 74-2 73'6 72'9 74'2 76'3 76'5 78-3 791 79-3 78'6 78'8 781 
 77'0 75-3 74-4 72-5 721 70'5 701 706 707 69-8 68-9 68'4 67'9 67'6 68-4 71-0 741 77-2 78'2 78-4 78'8 78'4 78'5 77-6 
 77-0 75-5 751 74-3 741 741 73'6 73-6 73'2 731 73-0 73-0 72'9 71-6 72'2 731 76'5 777 78'3 79'0 79'0 78-3 78"5 77'8 
 76-3 75-3 747 747 74-9 75-0 75-0 74-9 74'9 74'5 741 73'8 73'4 72'8 72'8 74'4 75'6 77'3 78'3 78'6 79-5 791 78'3 771 
 77'2 75'5 7'3'Q 7^-1 "l - 4 71'4 71'4 70'4 691 
 
 74-6 
 76-0 
 75-5 
 73-2 
 75-2 
 75-6 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 3C 
 31 
 
 --------- 68-2 67-4 67-4 67'3 67'0 67'3 69-3 73'0 771 78'3 77'9 77'9 77-6 771 771 
 75-6 747 74-5 74-3 73'9 73-9 741 741 73-2 73'4 737 737 737 73-8 72'6 70'9 75-5 77'6 777 77'9 78'5 78'8 78'8 77'0 
 76-3 75-6 747 741 73'6 73'6 73'3 73'2 71'8 71-5 71'2 69'9 68'5 68'2 68'2 70'6 73'6 76'3 78'3 79-3 79'8 79-0 781 77'3 
 76-8 76-3 761 75 8 74'9 75'0 74-8 T4-8 75-8 75'2 74'6 741 73'6 731 727 73'3 75'0 77'5 78'3 79-3 79'5 79-8 79'3 79'0 
 77-3 76-2 75-3 75'3 75'2 75'0 74'8 74-6 74'6 74-6 74'6 731 71-6 70'9 70'6 71-6 76-5 781 78'2 78'3 79'3 78'5 77'8 771 
 
 72-6 
 751 
 74-0 
 76-0 
 75-4 
 
 Means 
 
 76-8 757 74-8 74'2' 73-9 73-5 73-0 72'5 72'0 71-5 71-0 70'8 70'5 70'3 70'3 72'4 75D 76'9 78'0 78-6 791 787 78-4 777 
 
 74-4 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not obserYed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily meaus. 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 
 
 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 Mndras 
 
 i. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m h m h m h m h in h. m. h. m. h. m. li. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. li. m. h. m. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 8.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 10.41 1T.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3. 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 72-1 72-3 72-4 72-1 71-8 71'7 71-0 71-2 71'5 71'4 71-4 71'3 71-1 71-1 7O5 71-3 71-8 717 727 72'3 72-2 71'5 70'8 70'5 
 
 71-6 
 
 2 
 
 71-5 69-6 69-5 69'0 688 688 68-6 68'6 69'5 69'2 69'0 687-68-3 68'2 68'0 68'8 71-2 71'4 71-9 721 72-2 73'0 71-5 71-1 
 
 69-9 
 
 3 
 
 71-3 70-6 70-6 707 71'2 71-6 71-2 70'8 70'2 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 _____ _ 70 . 4 707 70-5 70-3 70-0 70-0 70'5 72-8 72'3 72-9 73-0 73'2 73'2 73-4 72-9 
 
 71-4 
 
 5 
 
 72-7 72-3 71-5 71-2 71'3 71-2 70'8 70'6 70-3 70'3 70'3 69'9 69-5 69-8 696 71-0 71-3 72.1 72-2 71 '5 721 72-3 72'8 71-7 
 
 71-2 
 
 6 
 
 71-1 70-3 71-0 69-7 69-1 69'3 68'3 68'0 677 68'0 68'3 67'9 67'5 60-4 66'6 68'8 69'1 69'0 69-2 69-6 7O5 70'6 71-1 70'8 
 
 691 
 
 7 
 
 70-5 70-3 69-6 69'6 69'3 69'1 681 68'2 677 677 678 67'8 67'8 67'3 67'3 69-1 70.1 68-9 69-5 70'3 70-3 71-2 707 70'3 
 
 691 
 
 8 
 
 69-3 69-1 69-1 68'8 69'0 687 688 69'0 69-5 69'4 69'3 69'0 687 68'8 68'4 70'0 708 71'3 71-5 72'3 72'6 72-1 71-8 71-3 
 
 69-9 
 
 9 
 
 71-3 71-3 70-6 70-6 70'5 70-5 69-8 70'3 71-5 707 70'0 69'9 69'8 68-8 68 5 701 71'2 71'3 71-5 72'3 72-3 72'o 72 3 72-1 
 
 70-8 
 
 10 
 
 70-9 70-8 70-5 70'5 70'4 70-1 697 69 3 68'8 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 69-1 69-5 69-5 69-5 69-3 69-8 71-1 72-0 71'5 72-5 72 7 72-8 72'3 71-8 717 
 
 707 
 
 12 
 
 71-1 69-8 687 68'6 68'4 68-3 68'3 68'3 68-1 677 67'3 66'6 65'9 66'2 66-1 68-2 687 68'8 707 71-3 70'5 69'8 70'5 70'3 
 
 687 
 
 5 13 
 
 68-8 68-1 68-0 67'9 68'0 67'8 68'2 67'3 67'8 67'9 68-1 68'2 68'3 68'3 682 68-3 69'3 70'0 70'2 711 71'3 707 70-3 70-3 
 
 68-8 
 
 8 14 
 
 69-8 69-0 69-0 68'3 68'3 68'0 67'9 67'9 68'0 67'6 67-2 67'0 66'8 67'3 67'2 68'0 69'5 701 70'3 69'8 70'6 70'4 70'6 70'9 
 
 687 
 
 Z 15 
 
 71-0 70-3 69-5 69'5 69'6 69'4 69'4 69'3 70'2 70-2 70'3 70'0 697 69'4 69'5 69'5 701 71'8 72-4 73-2 73'4 72'6 721 72-2 
 
 70-6 
 
 rt 16 
 
 71-3 70-8 70-3 70'3 70'3 70'2 70'0 69'8 69'4 68'8 68'3 677 671 667 66'4 668 691 71'0 71-8 71'3 711 70'3 69'3 69'3 
 
 69-5 
 
 * 17 
 
 691 68-3 67-9 67'4 67-4 67'3 671 66'3 66'4 
 
 
 
 5 18 
 
 66-2 661 66-0 65-9 657 65-6 67'6 69-8 701 68'8 691 69'9 70'5 69-9 70'3 
 
 67-9 
 
 5 19 
 
 69-5 69-3 68'5 68'5 68'2 681 68'3 68'4 67'9 67'8 67'8 671 66-4 66-2 66-4 681 687 70'5 70'3 70'6 701 69'9 69'5 69'3 
 
 68-6 
 
 2 20 
 
 691 68-6 677 67'5 67-2 667 66-6 661 66'4 65'5 647 G47 64'6 64'3 64'9 66'2 68'2 69'3 68'3 68'3 691 69-2 69 3 691 
 
 67-2 
 
 21 
 
 68-3 67-9 667 661 65'9 66'4 66'6 67'0 66'4 65'6 64-9 64'6 64-2 64'0 63'6 66'9 67'3 66'2 68'5 68 2 67'6 68'5 68'0 67-2 
 
 66-5 
 
 22 
 
 667 65-6 67-0 66'4 66-3 66-4 661 64'4 65'2 64'6 641 63'9 637 63'4 63'5 65'3 66'2 67'6 65'8 661 66'4 66'4 66-4 65'9 
 
 65-6 
 
 23 
 
 66-0 65-3 651 64'5 64'3 64-4 64'4 64'4 63'0 62'5 62'0 627 63'4 62'5 63'0 64'9 66'4 67'0 66 7 66'9 67'3 67'3 67-6 67'3 
 
 65-0 
 
 94 
 
 fi?- ! fifvft fifi-R fifi'fi fifi'fi fifi'4. KR-x, fifi'1 Rz.-R 
 
 
 0V 
 
 25 
 
 67-4 69-3 68-4 67-4 671 66'2 67'4 68'8 69'8 70'3 71'3 71'0 71-2 71-3 711 
 
 68-2 
 
 26 
 
 70-5 70-3 70-2 70'2 701 701 701 701 69'3 69-4 69'6 70'0 70'3 70-5 70'8 711 71'8 72'3 71-8 711 71-5 71'3 71'3 71'3 
 
 70-6 
 
 27 
 
 71-8 71-5 71-4 70-3 70'3 70'3 70'3 70-3 707 71'0 71'3 71'2 711 70'9 711 71-9 72'5 73'8 73'6 73'4 73'2 73'2 73'8 73'2 
 
 71-8 
 
 28 
 
 72-8 721 71-2 71'2 721 711 711 711 70'3 70%3 70'3 70'4 70-4 70'3 69-6 70'8 72-2 73'4 74-4 75'2 74'4 73'2 74'2 73'9 
 
 71-9 
 
 29 
 
 73-8 73-2 72-3 72'4 72'4 71'9 71'8 717 72'3 71-8 71'4 70'9 70'3 70'3 69 6 71'5 72-8 73'4 73'4 74'2 74-0 74'9 75'0 74'2 
 
 72-5 
 
 30 
 
 737 73-2 73-2 73'3 73'2 73'2 72'3 71'5 70'5 707 71-0 707 70'3 70'0 69-9 71'2 73'2 74-2 74'6 75'0 75-4 74-8 74'5 74-4 
 
 727 
 
 Means 
 
 70-4 69-9 69-5 69-3 69'2 691 68'9 687 68'6 68'5 68'5 68'3 68'0 67"8 677 .69'0 70'2 707 71'0 71-2 71 '3 71'3 71- 1 70'9 
 
 69-6 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 .Tim -IT ^il 
 
 74 5 741 73'3 73 3 73'0 73'0 72'9 721 71'3 
 
 
 U till V . O-L 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 69-4 67-5 67-4 67'3 67'0 67'4 69-6 72'3 74-0 74'2 74'2 741 74'0 74'8 741 
 
 71-9 
 
 2 
 
 73-9 731 731 72-2 71-3 707 70'6 703 69-3. 69'6 70'0 697 69-3 68'5 68'3 70'3 72'0 737 73'9 72'0 731 737 74-0 737 
 
 71-5 
 
 3 
 
 72-5 721 72'8 71'2 71'0 70'2 691 688 68'3 67'9 67'5 67'3 671 66 9 65'6 681 70-9 72'6 72-2 731 73'8 73-2 72'S 71'8 
 
 70-3 
 
 4 
 
 71-9 71-0 711 69-9 691 67'8 674 67'3 660 657 65'4 649 64'3 64'9 64'9 67'8 70'2 70'6 69'5 70'3 70-3 701 70'2 70'3 
 
 68-4 
 
 5 
 
 70-5 70-0 701 690 68'0 67'4 671 66 6 65'4 65'4 65~4 65'3 65'2 65'4 64-9 671 68'8 70'5 707 71'3 70-8 72'3 70'2 70'8 
 
 68-3 
 
 6 
 
 69'6 69-5 69-5 69'5 69-3 69'2 690 691 69'3 68'4 675 672 66'9 66-4 67'8 691 70'3 71-0 70'6 699 711 71-4 71-3 71-5 
 
 69-4 
 
 7 
 
 70-8 71-0 71-4 711 70'4 70'2 69'9 67 5 67'3 - ________ 
 
 
 8 
 
 67-8 68-3 67-8 67'3 67-6 67'5 69'6 71-5 73'0 72'2 71-3 71-8 71-3 717 717 
 
 70-0 
 
 9 
 
 71-8 71-5 711 70-4 69-6 69'3 68'2 68'2 68'3 67'8 67'3 671 66'8 671 67'2 69'3 711 72'2 71'6 711 71-8 721 72'S 72'3 
 
 69-8 
 
 10 
 
 71-5 71-8 71-3 71-2 71'2 711 70-3 69'3 691 687 683 68'4 68'4 68'3 67'8 701 72-5 726 73-2 730 72-5 727 72-8 72'3 
 
 70-8 
 
 11 
 
 736 73-2 73-2 72'8 71-4 71-4 70'5 69'6 693 68'8 68'3 68'4 68'5 68'3 68'3 70-8 72-4 73'9 74'2 76'0 757 75-3 74-3 73-2 
 
 717 
 
 5 12 
 
 737 73-4 73-3 73'2 731 731 72-8 71-3 69'9 69'8 697 69'6 69-5 70-0 69'8 71-9 74'2 75-9 751 72-0 72'0 7'>-0 7^-3 74-0 
 
 72-2 
 
 2 13 
 
 73-9 72-9 732 72-6 72'5 72'6 72-5 721 71-5 707 70-0 697 69'3 688 69'2 71-4 73 -4 744 751 757 75-8 74-9 75-4 74-0 
 
 72-6 
 
 tn 14 
 
 74-3 73 2 73-2 731 72-8 721 71'3 711 70'3 - ______ 
 
 
 3 15 
 
 70-2 701 69-8 69'5 69-4 69'6 71'4 730 73-4 747 737 74-0 74-4 75-0 75'2 
 
 72-3 
 
 <i 16 
 
 74-0 73-2 72-8 73'0 721 721 71-9 717 71'8 70'5 69-3 69-3 69'3 69-4 70'0 71'8 73-4 73-5 73-2 72'4 72-0 72'6 721 721 
 
 71-8 
 
 17 
 
 71-5 717 71-2 70-8 70-2 70'2 694 68'8 68'3 67-9 67'5 67-0 66'4 66'0 66'2 68'4 70'2 69-3 70-3 70'3 70-9 70-3 71-2 69-2 
 
 693 
 
 18 
 
 69-6 69-3 68:3 691 69'5 69'0 68'8 68'4 693 68'5 677 67'3 66-9 66-4 671 69'8 71-2 72-3 72'3 71-8 72-5 72'3 711 71-3 
 
 69'6 
 
 W 19 
 
 708 70-0 70-0 69-8 69'5 69'5 68'9 6f-6 66.9 66'8 66'8 657 64'5 64-4 65'0 67-4 701 71-3 717 71-5 71-1 72-3 79-4 70-6 
 
 69.0 
 
 ^ 20 
 
 72.5 71-6 71-8 72'3 72'0 70'0 69'3 68-4 68-3 67'8 67-3 66-4 65-5 64-9 66'0 68'0 70-9 72-5 71'5 67'8 72-3 73-4 727 721 
 
 69'8 
 
 21 
 
 70-3 70-2 70 2 69-3 67-8 67'8 67-5 67'3 664 - _ 
 
 
 22 
 
 66-6 66-8 661 65 3 65'4 66'2 69-0 72-0 73'4 73'9 75-3 74-4 73'9 71-8 72-0 
 
 69-5 
 
 23 
 
 72-6 72-3 71-3 707 69'6 68'6 67'9 66'4 66-2 66'3 664 65'8 65'2 63'8 63'0 66'8 68'8 70'3 71-3 72-3 72-5 72-3 72-0 7-21 
 
 68-9 
 
 24 
 
 72-4 72-2 71-2 69'6 68-5 67'8 67'3 66'4 647 651 65-5 650 64'4 64-2 64 -4 670 691 691 68'5 68'8 68-9 70'3 71-") 711 
 
 68-0 
 
 25 
 
 71-5 72-8 71-2 70-2 69'5 68'4 67"5 671 671 66'2 65-4 64'9 64'4 63-2 63'0 65-4 66-9 67 6 66'4 67'8 68-3 71-5 7*9 73-1 
 
 681 
 
 '26 
 
 73-2 73-9 73-2 71'8 72'0 71-3 70-8 70-0 691 69-2 69'3 69'8 70'3 69-5 701 71-8 72-8 72'9 73-6 73'0 747 74-5 747 74,-n 
 
 71-9 
 
 27 
 28 
 
 74-2 73-4 731 727 71-8 72'0 71'5 71'3 69'5 69'0 68'5 68'5 68'5 67'6 67'9 71'3 731 74'2 74'6 74'6 75-6 75-4 74'4 73-4 
 
 71-9 
 
 Means 
 
 72-3 72-0 717 71'2 70'6 70'2 697 69'0 68'5 681 677 67-4 671 66-8 67'0 69'3 71'3 72'3 72'3 721 72'5 72'8 727 72-4 
 
 70-3 
 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are.not observed but intarpolated for thu sake of obtaiuiug the daily means. 
 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 73 
 
 
 .WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Giittingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 45 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 Madnis 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h m. li. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. h.m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m h m 
 4.41 5.41 6.11 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.11 18.11 19.41 S0.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.4l' 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Fob 28 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 74-1 73'4 72-3 72~3 717 7T3 7T3 7O8 69'5 
 
 O 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 - - 67-5 65-6 65'5 65'4 65'4 65'4 69'0 69'3 707 71-3 72'6 70'5 721 72'0 73-1 
 73-4 73-3 72-8 72'6 73'0 73'0 72'9 71'8 71'0 70'6 70-3 70-3 70'3 70:1 69'5 72'3 737 74'4 74-2 747 75-4 74'0 708 72-5 
 73-3 73-9 73-2 73'2 73'9 73'4 73'4 73'1 72'3 71'8 71'3 71-3 71'3 70-1 70'3 72'3 74'6 75'6 76'9 76-5 76-2 76'5 76'9 757 
 76-4 75-5 74-4 737 74-4 74'4 73-9 73'4 72'5 71'8 71-1 707 70'3 70-1 70'3 73-9 74-8 75'2 75-2 75'3 75'4 757 75'4 76'0 
 75-4 74-4 74-3 74'0 73'4 73'2 73'2 72-5 71'5 711 70'8 70'5 701 69'3 69'0 72'9 74-2 74'2 73-4 74-2 73'9 74'0 74'2 .72-8 
 71-8 71-1 71-4 71-8 72-0 71'2 71-1 71'0 70'5 697 69'0 087 68'3 67'5 67'6 70'3 73'2 75'2 75'0 75-2 76'0 737 74-1 747 
 74'2 75"- 1 74'8 74'2 741 73'8 73'4 73'3 73'4 
 
 701 
 72-4 
 73-6 
 737 
 72-8 
 717 
 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 t- 13 
 !2 IA 
 
 74-0 74-6 747 747 74'2 747 76'4 76'4 76'9 77'5 777 77'9 78'4 78'2 777 
 77-.") 76-2 7G-2 76'1 76'0 75'5 75'2 75'2 747 74-9 75'2 74-8 74-4 74-2 75'0 757 76-6 771 77'2 75'9 78'3 767 77'4 77'5 
 77-4 77-0 76-0 76'0 76'0 75'8 757 76'2 76'2 75'3 74-4 74-3 74'2 74-2 74'0 76'2 76-2 77'2 79-2 78'3 78-2 78'0 77'9 77'8 
 78-0 77-5 77-4 77'4 76'4 77-0 76'6 76'2 707 76'0 75'4 74'9 74'4 74'2 747 77'2 77'4 78'0 78'2 77'4 777 78'4 777 77'4 
 77-2 76-4 75-6 75'4 75'3 75-2 75-2 75'2 75'0 74'5 74-0 737 73'3 73'2 74'0 76"0 76'4 76'2 76'2 76'4 76'0 767 7C7 76'3 
 767 76-2 75-1 74'9 74'9 75'0 74-2 74- L 74-0 73'6 73'2 72-9 72-5 72'3 71'8 74'6 75'8 757 75'2 747 76'0 751 74'9 75'0 
 75'4 737 73'0 73'0 73'0 73'2 72'8 71'8 71'3 
 
 75-4 
 76-0 
 76-3 
 76-8 
 75-4 
 74-5 
 
 MARCH U 
 
 O M h- ' I ' 1 ' I ' t ' > 
 
 -OCOOO-JO5tr<f 
 
 707 701 69-6 691 69'5 70-3 721 73'0 721 73-0 73'3 73'9 72'3 731 73'2 
 731 72-6 71-3 71'3 71-3 721 71'5 711 69-9 697 69"5 69-4 69'2 691 69'3 71'8 73'2 73-6 74-2 73'9 74'2 74'0 73'4 74'5 
 74-2 72-6 72-2 721 721 71'6 71-3 707 69'8 69'6 69'4 69'4 69-3 69-3 69'3 72'3 73'2 73'2 73'0 73'8 731 73'4 73'4 73'2 
 73-5 72-8 72-2 72'2 72'2 72'3 73'3 73'0 70'5 69'9 69'3 68'9 68'5 69-3 70'2 72'8 73'2 73'2 74'5 72'0 72'8 74'0 75-2 75'5 
 75-5 74-8 73-8 737 73'2 72'5 71'2 70'5 697 69'5 69'3 691 68'8 68'9 69'0 72'3 74-0 747 75'0 73'5 76'0 75'2 737 73'9 
 73-2 731 72-8 72'8 72-8 73'0 73'2 72'9 72'0 71'4 70'S 70'3 69'8 69'3 70'3 72-0 73-2 72'8 73-4 721 747 76'4 77'0 76-9 
 77-9 7fi-7 7fi-> 7R--2 7fi-2 7fi-fl 7 r >-^ 74,-'^ 74.-0 - 
 
 72-2 
 71-8 
 717 
 721 
 
 72-4 
 72-8 
 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 oc 
 
 - 73-5 731 727 72-3 72'0 731 75'4 761 76'2 75-8 751 64'2 65'0 66'6 737 
 72 3 72-5 72-9 72-3 72'2 72'2 71-5 70'8 69'6 69'3 69'0 687 68'3 69'3 69'4 717 731 74'2 75-4 76'0 76'4 76'0 76'4 76'2 
 76-3 75-9 75-4 74-9 74'6 74'4 72'8 72'5 72'8 72'6 72"4 72'4 72'3 72'3 73'2 75'4 76'2 77'2 78'2 777 77'2 767 76'5 75'4 
 757 75-4 74-9 74-6 74'4 74'4 74-4 74'2 744 74'0 737 73'5 73'2 73'2 73'6 75-2 76'9 78'0 78'4 78'2 78'6 791 79'2 79'0 
 787 77-4 777 77'2 77'4 77'0 77'0 767 77'2 76'9 767 757 74-6 75'2 76'0 78'2 79'2 797 80'4 81'0 801 79'8 80-0 79'4 
 
 80-3 79-9 78-9 78'4 78'2 781 781 777 77'3 77'0 767 76'0 75'2 75-2 76'0 777 78'2 77'9 791 80-2 797 78'2 78'0 777 
 77. t: 77 v i 77.n 7-7 ja.A 7^.0 71^.7 7^.0 74.7 . 
 
 73-6 
 72-3 
 
 74-8 
 757 
 77-9 
 77-9 
 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 - 73-4 72-2 71-3 70'3 71-0 73-2 76-2 777 78-2 78'8 777 79-0 78'9 78-4 79'2 
 79-3 78-5 77-5 77'5 77-4 76-8 767 76'6 76-4 76-4 76-4 75'9 75'4 74-4 741 76-2 78'2 77'4 78-2 78-3 787 78'4 78-2 78'0 
 77-5 77-2 76-5 76'4 761 76'4 75-9 75'4 74'3 737 73'2 731 73'0 72'9 73'2 76'0 76'8 761 75'4 77'4 78'0 77'2 75'8 75'2 
 
 75-9 
 771 
 75-5 
 
 Means 
 
 75-8 75-2 747 74'5 74'4 74'2 74'0 73'6 73'0 72'5 721 71'8 71'4 71-3 717 74'2 75'2 75'6 76'0 75'9 75'9 757 75-6 75'8 
 
 ) 74-2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4, 
 
 74-0 74-4 74-4 75'2 75-2 74-8 74-? 73'2 72'6 71-8 71-0 71*2 71-3 70'8 71-6 75-3 77-2 76-4 78'4 78'4 79-0 79-4 79-0 78'9 
 77-5 77-2 76-9 76-9 76-4 76-0 76'6 767 74-4 74-0 737 73-5 73-2 731 73-9 76-4 77-3 78-1 78'5 79-0 787 78'9 79'0 78'4 
 78-0 77-4 76-4 771 76'4 76'4 76-2 757 75-9 751 74-3 74-0 737 73'2 74-5 76-0 76'4 767 767 78-6 78'2 78'0 77-2 77'2 
 777 77'2 76'3 761 76'0 76'2 76'6 76'3 75'8 
 
 74-9 
 76-4 
 76-2 
 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 --------- 75-5 75-2 74-8 74'3 737 75-3 77-4 77'9 777 79-2 79-0 79-2 78'2 78'2 77-2 
 77-2 76-2 76-3 75'9 757 757 75-2 75'2 757 75'0 74-4 74-4 74-4 74-4 75'4 771 777 77-0 76-9 79-4 79'0 79-0 78-4 78'2 
 78-6 78-2 771 76'4 76'0 76'0 75'9 771 767 76-4 76'2 75'8 75'3 74'4 75-8 777 77'0 78'9 72'8 73-9 747 75'5 76-4 75'4 
 76-4 76-9 761 761 75'8 75'8 75'8 757 75'4 75-0 747 74'5 74'2 74-3 75-2 77'2 787 787 79-5 797 797 80'2 80-2 791 
 79'2 78 4 78-6 78-4 78'0 78'0 78'0 78'0 77'9 77-5 77'2 76-9 76'6 76'2 77-0 77-9 791 79-4 80'9 81'4 81-2 80'8 80'4 80'2 
 79-4 79-2 78-2 78-2 781 78'0 77'8 77'4 77'0 767 76'5 76-0 75'4 76'0 77'3 887 791 78'5 797 79'4 79'4 79'9 79'2 79'2 
 7Q-T 78-4 77- t > 77-1 77-0 7<v9 77-0 76-2 76-4 
 
 767 
 76-5 
 76-2 
 76-9 
 78-6 
 781 
 
 12 
 t- 13 
 
 "5 i , 
 
 co 14 
 
 ~ 15 
 
 ij ifi 
 n I" 
 
 IS 
 
 - 75-9 75-4 76-9 74'3 74-2 761 78'2 78'2 787 79'0 78'4 77'8 77'2 77'2 76'9 
 77-2 77-2 77-2 777 77'5 77'2 77'0 76'8 767 76-4 76'2 757 75-2 75'2 76-2 78'6 78'2 79'2 78'4 80'2 80'4 80'2 80'2 80'0 
 79-5 79-2 79-2 791 781 77'9 77-4 77-2 77'2 77'5 77'9 77'6 77'2 77'2 77-3 77'2 78'0 78'0 787 79'2 80'2 80'9 81'2 807 
 81-2 80-4 80-2 79'6 79-2 79'2 79-5 79-4 79-2 787 78-2 77'8 77'3 781 79-2 80-2 797 81'2 80-9 807 82'2 817 821 817 
 81-5 81-4 81-0 80-6 80'4 80'2 80'2 80'2 79'9 79'4 79'0 78'6 78-2 78'2 78'4 80'2 80'9 81-2 81-2 82-9 83'3 83-2 82O 821 
 82-0 81-9 81-2 81-4 811 81'2 -807 80'5 80'4 80'3 80'2 79'8 79'3 79'2 80'2 80-4 81-4 81'4 81'4 817 817 81-9 817 81-2 
 
 Sl'O Qi-i Cl-i Cl-l 81 -o Qfi-7 SO'J. 8O-9 ftO'9 . 
 
 77-0 
 777 
 78-5 
 79-9 
 80-6 
 80-9 
 
 ^ 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 
 OK 
 
 --------- 79-8 79-4 78-9 78'3 777 781 79-0 797 787 80'4 80-2 807 81-0 81'2 81-2 
 81-6 807 79-4 79'3 791 78'5 78-9 78'9 76'0 76'4 76'9 77'2 77'4 777 78'8 797 797 80'2 79'6 80'2 807 80'2 80'0 79-4 
 797 78-5 78-4 78'2 78'2 77'9 78'2 77'9 777 77'8 77-9 77-6 77-2 76-4 78'4 79'8 797 79'9 797 80'4 80'2 79'4 79'0 79'2 
 79-2 79-2 77-9 77'9 77'9 78'3 781 78'0 777 77'5 77'4 76-9 76-4 75-4 77-2 79'0 79'2 777 80'3 80-8 79-8 81'2 801 797 
 797 79-9 78-5 77'8 777 777 77-8 78'2 77'9 77'9 77'9 777 77"4 77-0 78'4 80'2 79'9 79-5 80'5 81'0 81'2 81"2 80-4 79-6 
 79-2 79-9 78-2 777 777 78'2 78'0 77'9 77'2 76'9 767 76-5 76'2 76-0 77'9 787 79'4 801 SO'O 787 79'6 80'0 79-4 79'2 
 
 7Q-9 7ft'Q 78'O 78'O 7f!-Q 77'8 7ft"? 77'0 78-0 - 
 
 801 
 79-0 
 78-6 
 78-4 
 79-0 
 78-3 
 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 --------- 77-6 77-2 77-0 767 76'2 78'0 79-2 787 80'2 80'4 81'0 81'2 80-8 80'2 80'2 
 807 791 781 78-2 78-4 78'0 78'0 77'4 78-2 777 77'3 76'8 76-2 76'2 777 781 79'9 78'4 79'4 80'2 80'8 80'6 80'2 79'5 
 79-6 79-5 78-2 78'4 78'2 78'2 781 77'9 78-4 78'0 777 77'5 77-3 777 797 79-5 79'2 801 78'8 79'9 80'2 80'2 80'2 80'0 
 797 787 79-4 797 79'4 79'0 78'8 78'4 79'2 787 78'2 77'8 77-4 77-2 78'9 78-4 79'2 80'2 80'2 80'5 80'6 807 807 80-2 
 80-9 80-2 78-6 78-6 78'4 78'0 78'0 77'9 78'0 77'6 77-2 771 77-0 76-2 77-9 79-0 79-4 79-2 79'4 801 79-9 80-2 79'5 801 
 
 78-6 
 78-5 
 78-9 
 79-2 
 
 787 
 
 Means 
 
 79-2 78-8 78-2 781 77'8 77-8 777 77'5 77-3 77-0 767 76-4 761 75'8 771 78'4 78'9 79'0 79-3 79-8 80'0 80-0 797 79'4 
 
 78-2 
 
 *Tlie number in those columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 19 
 
74 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 WET THEBMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 5ottiiiCen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 Madras 
 Menu Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. tn. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 8.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 2<U1 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Means 
 
 1 
 
 * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 79-0 77-9 78-4 78'2 782 78'2 78'2 787 78'2 77'5 76'9 77'2 77'4 77'2 78'2 791 787 79'0 80'4 797 797 781 797 80'4 
 
 7Q-O 70.7 7Q- 7C-7 7C-7 7Q-7 7Q-7 7Q-fi 7Q-9 
 
 
 
 78-5 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 ty 4 tot to to t tot tot tot too io & 
 _________ 77-7 77-2 76-6 76'0 76'2 78'6 80'2 80'6 82'0 82'4 817 81'4 817 817 81-2 
 80-9 807 79-4 79'4 79'3 78'9 78'4 78'9 78'5 78-1 777 77'5 77'2 77'0 78'2 79'5 80'0 797 797 80-9 817 807 797 79-6 
 80-2 79-9 79-5 79-5 797 79'6 79-6 79-4 79'2 79'2 79'2 79-1 79'0 79'0 79'9 80'2 80'8 81'2 80'0 789 81'0 81 '2 81-0 81'0 
 80-0 79-4 79-9 79'5 79'9 797 79-3 79-2 79'2 79-2 79-2 78-6 78'0 777 78'9 79'2 79'9 80'0 80'2 81-8 81'2 817 80'4 79'2 
 797 79-4 79-1 79-1 79'4 79'2 79'2 78'2 78'2 77'5 76'8 76'3 757 76'0 77'2 78'2 79'6 80-1 81'0 81'0 81'2 821 817 807 
 81-2 81 : 2 81-2 81-2 81-0 80'5 80'4 79'8 78'5 77'9 77'3 77'3 77'2 77'4 78'2 78'5 79'2 79'0 79'1 797 8VO 82'0 81'2 807 
 on*o QI -o cn-Q en- A '77-0 *7^-i 'TQ-O 70 -Q 71-^ 
 
 79-3 
 79-2 
 79-9 
 79-6 
 79-0 
 79-6 
 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 5 14 
 
 22 15 
 ifi 
 
 ___ ___ 75-3 79-2 78-8 78'4 78'2 79'4 79-5 80'9 80'4 811 80'2 79'5 82'3 81'4 81-2 
 81-4 80-4 80-5 80'5 80'0 797 79-2 79'5 76-6 76'9 77'2 76'8 76'4 757 77'2 78'9 78'2 78'4 78'5 78'9 777 81-2 81'2 80'5 
 81-5 80-2 797 797 79'9 79-9 79'8 79'2 78'2 77-2 76'2 75'0 737 73-2 747 76'2 77'0 77-2 79-4 79'0 79'4 78-2 78'6 78'2 
 76-2 77-4 78-0 78'6 78'5 78'4 78-2 777 78-0 77'1 76-2 76'3 76'4 76'2 77'0 76-4 78'0 78'9 797 82'1 807 80'5 80'2 81'2 
 81-0 80-4 80-4 80-9 80'6 78'0 77'6 77-2 76'4 75-5 747 74~5 74'2 75-0 76'9 77'3 78'0 77'4 78'0 78'2 82'6 80'3 80'2 80'4 
 81-4 81-2 81-2 80-8 80'1 79-1 79'4 76'2 75'2 74'8 74-4 73'6 72'8 72-1 73'2 737 757 77'0 78'9 79-2 79'2 79'1 79'0 797 
 
 'yQ.Q BO'A. 8O9 fifl'l 7Q'0 ^Q-P 78-Q 78-9 "R-9 
 
 78-7 
 78-8 
 78-0 
 78-2 
 78-2 
 77-4 
 
 ID 
 
 >H 17 
 
 d 18 
 
 # 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 
 oq 
 
 _ ._- 77'9 777 77-5 77'2 767 78'2 78-2 78'4 777 787 79-1 797 80'2 797 807 
 81-2 80-5 80-3 80'0 79'3 78-9 78'8 787 78-2 78-1 78'0 77'9 77'8 75'2 76-2 767 77'4 79-9 78'2 78"2 78'2 79-2 78'0 79'5 
 79-0 807 80-9 807 807 79'5 75'2 757 75'2 747 74'2 73'8 73'4 737 747 75-2 76'0 76-4 77'5 77 6 77-2 76'4 77-2 79'2 
 81-0 79-6 79-2 76-2 79-0 77'8 76'9 76'6 76'2 757 75-2 75'1 75'0 74-9 75-4 757 76-3 76'0 76-9 777 79'2 79'9 80'0 77'2 
 77-0 78-2 75-6 76 2 75'5 74-8 74'2 74-2 747 74'2 737 73'8 73'9 73'4 74-9 75'0 76'4 767 76'4 76'0 76'5 78-3 78'0 75'2 
 757 76-4 76-5 75-6 75-5 75-3 75'5 75-0 73-8 73-5 73 2 73-2 73-1 73-2 73-2 74-1 75-5 76-2 76-4 77 2 78'2 78'9 77-8 78'2 
 77-7 7R-2 7fi-7 78-^ 78-0 7fi-4 7 r i-7 7^-2 7^-2 
 
 78-8 
 78-5 
 76-9 
 77-2 
 75-5 
 75-5 
 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 QO 
 
 75-2 75-2 75-1 75-0 75'1 757 76-9 77'2 77-4 79'3 787 79-3 787 80'4 79'2 
 79-3 79-2 79-2 77-2 76-2 76-9 77'3 77'6 77'2 76-8 76'4 75-2 73'9 74'0 76-0 75-8 76-2 76'9 77-4 777 78-4 79'2 78'9 79'3 
 77-4 777 78-2 78-4 78-4 75-0 75-0 75-0 74-2 73'8 73'4 73-3 73'2 73'2 74-0 74-2 757 75-1 76'4 767 77-2 77'4 77'4 777 
 77-2 767 757 76-2 75-9 75-2 76'2 75'4 73'6 73-4 73-2 72-9 72-5 73'2 74-2 75-0 75-2 76-4 76'2 767 77-3 78-0 777 77'2 
 77-8 77-2 76-0 75'4 75'0 74-2 737 737 73-2 737 74'3 73-4 72'4 73'0 747 74-3 75'4 75'3 75'9 76-8 77-4 78-2 79-0 78-1 
 78-0 78-2 75-2 76'2 74-2 74-2 76'1 75'3 74'2 73'9 737 73'5 73'2 73'2 73'9 74'2 75-0 75'8 761 76'4 76'3 77'2 79'0 78'2 
 77-2 7/-2 7S-1 7Q-1 77-7 78-0 78-Q 78-2 78-2 - 
 
 77-2 
 77-2 
 757 
 75-5 
 75-3 
 75-5 
 
 31 
 
 77-5 767 76-6 76-5 77-2 777 77-2 77'0 77'2 77-4 761 77'4 77'9 78'2 78'8 
 
 777 
 
 Means 
 
 79-2 79-2 78-9 787 78'3 777 77'4 771 76-5 76'2 76'0 757 75-4 75'3 76'4 76'9 77'6 78'0 78'5 787 79'2 79'6 79'5 79'3 
 
 777 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 e 
 
 79-3 80-0 80-4 79-4 79'6 79-5 79'0 78-8 777 77'5 77-4 77*2 77-0 75-2 74-4 75-2 757 76'2 77-0 77'5 78'4 78-9 78-4 79-0 
 777 77-6 78-2 787 78'6 76-4 771 78'2 77-4 76-8 76-3 76-3 76-2 75-2 75-6 76-2 77-2 78'0 78'2 777 77-8 781 79-0 79-8 
 79-9 79-5 78-6 79'0 78'9 78'9 78'5 78'4 78'3 77-5 767 76'5 76'2 76'8 77'9 78'2 787 79'2 80'0 811 81'9 80'2 80-3 80'9 
 80-5 80-4 80-2 80'0 80'2 79'9 80'0 79'0 77'4 75'4 73'4 73"6 737 75'2 74'9 76-4 78'2 79'0 791 79'3 80'9 81'4 81'0 808 
 80-0 76-4 78-2 78-6 791 79-9 801 79-4 78'2 78-2 78'2 77'0 757 747 757 77'4 78-9 79-2 80-2 80-2 79'9 79-2 79-8 79-6 
 
 7Q. Q Q().0 79.7 70.0 7Q.C 70.4 70. K 77.0 7g.() 
 
 77-9 
 
 77-4 
 78-8 
 78-3 
 78-5 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 78-3 78-6 78-2 77'8 78'2 79'4 80'2 80'0 79'6 80'9 821 81'9 81-8 81'0 807 
 80-5 80-3 79-3 79'5 79-4 79'0 78'8 79'0 787 78-4 78-2 78'2 78-2 781 791 80-2 81-0 80-4 801 80'9 817 81'9 821 82'0 
 817 81-2 80-4 79-9 797 79'8 79'4 79'2 787 792 797 76'3 72'8 73'2 74'9 77'0 79-4 81-2 S2'3 83O 83-2 82'8 83-3 831 
 80-9 81-4 80-4 80'0 81'0 807 80'5 79'9 79-2 78'9 787 77'8 76-9 75-4 737 74'2 74'2 74'7 76-0 78'5 79'2 79 3 79-0 77'2 
 77-9 77-0 77-4 77'3 77'3 75-7 76-7 76'9 76'0 761 76'3 761 75'9 76-0 78'3 79'2 797 80-9 81-2 81'2 80'4 81'0 81.4 817 
 81-5 80-9 80-1 80-0 80'0 771 75'5 75-1 75-2 75-4 75-7 75'3 74-9 74-4 76'2 77-2 78'0 78'6 79-2 79-4 80-7 81'4 81'2 80'4 
 80-0 79-7 74-4 74-4 75-1 76-2 76'2 76'2 75-2 - 
 
 79-5 
 79-8 
 79-6 
 
 78-2 
 78-2 
 781 
 
 JUNE 1857 
 
 C 
 "5 CO m -a OS CJT J^. C 
 
 75-7 76-2 761 76-0 76-4 77'2 78'0 77-7 76-7 77-2 77-9 78'0 78'9 78-2 78-9 
 79-2 79-8 79'4 78-8 78-6 78'8 79-0 78-4 77-7 767 757 75-2 74-7 73'9 74-7 75-6 76-2 77-2 77-2 77-5 76-4 77-0 77-7 78-5 
 79-2 79-5 79-9 79-3 77'4 77'9 77-9 74'8 73'4 73'5 73-6 73'4 73-2 74'2 74-4 75-2 75.8 76'1 77'0 77-2 77-9 78-7 77'9 781 
 77-4 78-0 77-2 77-1 767 74-2 74-2 741 74'3 74-2 74-2 73'9 73'6 74'6 72-2 73'2 74'2 74'2 75-2 76'0 76'2 76-7 75-6 767 
 77-0 76-4 75-6 75-3 75-4 75-2 76-2 76'2 757 75'3 74-9 74-2 73-4 73'2 74'0 757 777 77-4 77-2 77-9 77-7 78-2 78'3 78-9 
 78-2 78;5 781 76'2 76'2 76'4 76-2 77'2 77'4 76'8 76'2 757 75-2 74-2 74-2 75'4 76'6 77'2 78'2 78'3 78'9 787 79'4 77'2 
 78'4 78'2 78-0 77-2 77'2 76-6 75'2 75~2 75'0 
 
 76'9 
 77-2 
 76-5 
 75-2 
 761 
 76-9 
 
 2] 
 2S 
 25 
 24 
 2^ 
 
 2e 
 
 2' 
 
 75-6 76'2 757 75-2 74-4 73-9 75'2 767 77-2 76-4 76'2 77-8 77-3 767 771 
 767 76-5 76-3 77-4 77-2 761 75-2 737 74'0 74-5 75-0 74-6 74-2 74-2 741 75-8 76'2 76-2 76'0 75-4 7.V3 76-5 757 75-8 
 767 78-0 77-2 77-2 77-5 767 75-8 74'2 74'4 741 73'8 73-5 73'2 73'2 75'4 77'2 76'9 777 77-6 76'6 76 5 78'0 78'5 78'2 
 1 78-8 79-5 79-2 79'6 79-4 79'4 78-2 77'6 76'4 761 75'9 74-6 73-2 72'8 75'6 77-4 777 80'3 78'0 77-5 767 78 78 2 78'0 
 . 79-0 797 78-9 79-2 791 79'4 79-7 78'2 77'0 761 75'2 75'2 75'2 74-2 74-0 75-2 76'2 76'2 77'2 77'0 787 77-3 78'9 70-2 
 79-4 77-7 76-9 767 76'2 757 76'4 77'2 76'4 76-3 76'2 75'9 75-6 74'8 76-2 77-2 78'2 78'9 78-2 78'0 79'8 78-9 79-S 791 
 78'2 80-0 80-2 80'2 80-2 78'4 77'2 76'4 75-2 
 
 76-4 
 75-5 
 76-2 
 77-4 
 77-3 
 77-3 
 
 is 
 
 2 
 3( 
 
 } . 747 74-2 74-0 73'8 73-2 73'2 747 747 75'0 75'2 76'0 75'4 76-9 767 77-5 
 ) 76-4 76-2 76-3 76'0 757 75'0 75'2 74-4 74'2 74-2 74-2 74-0 73'8 73-2 73'2 737 74-4 76-2 76'9 750 75-2 75-2 74-9 7^-5 
 ) 74-6 76-8 77-2 76-0 75'2 75'4 76'2 76'8 76-2 75'3 74-4 74'2 74'0 731 73'4 72'8 73'2 74-0 74-2 747 75-2 75'2 75'4 76'5 
 
 76-3 
 74-9 
 75-0 
 
 Means. 
 
 | 78-8 78-8 78-4 781 781 77-6 77-4 77'0 76-4 76'2 76-0 75'5 75-0 747 75-2 76-3 771 77-6 77-9 78-2 78-5 78'8 78'8 78'8 
 
 I 77-3 
 
 
 * The numbers in- these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the.sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 75 
 
 
 \V KT THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Menu Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h.m. h. ra. h.m. h. m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m h.m. h. m. h, m. h. m. h. m. h. m hm hm 
 4.41 5.41 6.4) 7.41 8.41 U.41 10.41 11.41 12, 41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 H0.il 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.4l' 2.4 1' SM 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 761 75-4 76-3 75'9 76-5 70 77'2 777 77'2 76'2 75'2 747 74-2 731 72'8 73'2 737 74-2 75'0 75'9 767 77-9 78-1 777 
 78-2 79-4 777 78'9 77'G 77'2 77'4 77'2 76'2 75"5 74-9 74'9 74'8 75-2 74'5 75'2 757 75-6 76'0 767 78-4 78'2 78'4 79-0 
 79-3 78-4 78-9 77'8 777 78'2 77'4 78'3 777 76'2 747 74'3 73'9 74-2 737 74'2 75'2 75-9 76'2 77'4 777 797 78'1 79'4 
 77'2 78-2 78'0 791 79'4 787 761 77'2 77-2 
 
 O 
 
 757 
 76-8 
 76-9 
 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 - 75-4 737 73-6 73'4 73'2 73'4 73-4 75-2 75'0 75-5 75'9 76'0 767 76-6 757 
 75-6 76-9 76-6 79'6 79'2 79"2 787 78-1 77-1 761 75-2 74-3 73-4 73'1 75'2 74-4 75'2 76'2 77'2 77'3 77'9 77'5 78-2 78'2 
 79-0 78-2 777 78'2 78'8 78-1 77'9 78'2 787 77'9 77'1 75-6 74'0 74'2 75'0 75'4 76'2 76'2 76'9 77'5 78'9 79'4 79-9 787 
 78-6 797 79-2 78'8 78'4 78'3 78'2 77-4 76-2 75'9 757 747 73-6 74D 74-4 75'2 76'2 76'6 77'6 78'2 791 79'4 80'2 787 
 79-9 78-8 77-3 78'2 79'4 78'6 78'2 767 76'4 75'8 75'2 75-2 75'2 757 76'4 757 77'2 77-2 78'2 777 78'2 80- 1 797 78'4 
 79-2 78-2 76-8 77'4 78'9 777 767 76'2 77-2 767 76'2 757 75'2 75'2 75-9 76'4 770 78'2 78'2 787 78'5 777 79'0 79'9 
 79'1 78-2 78'8 78'8 78'4 78'2 77'2 76'3 75-2 
 
 76-0 
 767 
 77-4 
 77-3 
 77-5 
 77-4 
 
 ^ 12 
 
 13 
 
 7 14 
 
 ri 15 
 
 3 16 
 
 t> 17 
 ^ 18 
 
 - - 74-9 747 74-5 74'2 74'2 74~9 757 77'4 77'0 777 77'4 78'4 78'2 79'4 78'9 
 79-1 77-9 79-0 78'2 78'8 78-3 78'2 77'2 77'2 76'2 75'2 747 74'2 74-1 74'2 75'2 76'2 76'4 76'2 76'0 7ti'2 77'1 78-0 77'1 
 76-4 7(3-0 76 4 77'4 77'0 78'2 78'5 78'5 78'0 76'4 74-9 74-2 73'4 73'2 737 74-0 75-2 75'2 75'6 757 75'5 75'3 75'6 75-9 
 77-0 78-4 79-1 78-5 78'4 79'2 78'3 77'2 75-1 74-5 74-0 73'6 73'2 72-3 72'3 73'2 73'9 74'9 75'1 76'4 757 77'5 77'6 78'0 
 77-4 78-2 79-0 78 2 78'5 78'2 78'2 78'2 767 76-9 77'2 76-2 75'2 73'8 74'2 74'4 75'1 757 75'5 767 76'8 77'4 77'9 79-0 
 787 79-1 77-9 78'8 77'4 76'2 767 77-2 77'2 767 76'2 76'2 76'2 75-1 747 76'2 76'4 77'0 777 76-4 78'0 78'9 80'0 80'8 
 80-2 79-8 79-6 78'5 78' 1 78'2 77'4 77'2 77-2 
 
 77-0 
 767 
 75-8 
 76-0 
 76-9 
 77-3 
 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 
 - - 77-6 78-0 76-5 75'0 75'2 76'2 77'2 78'2 777 787 77-9 79-3 79'9 79'8 79'5 
 79-2 78-5 79-1 78'9 78'6 78'0 787 78'2 777 76-6 75'5 75-6 757 75'2 757 77'2 79'2 80'0 80'2 79'6 80'0 807 81'4 80'1 
 79-4 79-4 787 78'5 78-4 78-5 79'0 78'2 77'2 76-4 757 75'0 74'2 737 74'0 75'0 76'0 76'5 777 78'5 79-1 79'4 79'9 79 
 79-2 78-4 77-8 77'9 777 78-4 777 77'2 77'4 77'3 77-2 757 74-2 73'2 74'4 76'2 77'3 77'4 79'2 81'3 80'0 80'3 80-2 79'6 
 78-9 78-3 76-0 75'9 75'9 75-9 75'6 75'2 757 75-9 76'2 76'2 76-2 76-0 78'2 787 78'2 79-2 80'8 791 80'0 79'5 79'2 78'5 
 78-2 79-1 78-3 781 77-9 78'4 78'3 78'2 78'4 77'9 77'4 76'3 75'2 75-2 757 77'0 78'0 78'2 79'4 797 79'0 79-4 79'9 791 
 787 77'8 77'6 77-5 78'0 78'9 787 78'2 78'2 
 
 78-0 
 78-3 
 77-4 
 777 
 77-5 
 78-0 
 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 -------- 75-6 731 73-2 73'2 73'8 747 74'4 75'2 75'6 76'2 76'8 76'2 77'0 77'2 76-5 
 76-9 76-4 761 75-0 74-2 73'2 72'3 72'3 71-8 72'0 72'3 72'6 72'8 72-8 73-0 73'9 75-2 75-9 76'0 76'0 757 761 76'5 771 
 74-8 74-5 74-8 747 74'4 74-0 74-2 73'9 73'2 73'0 72'8 72-6 72'3 72'3 73'2 74'2 75'4 75'2 76'4 76'2 76'0 76'8 78-0 75'4 
 767 75-9 73-6 73-4 74'4 74'2 75'0 74'5 74'0 73'9 73-8 737 73'6 73'2 73'2 74-4 75-2 76'8 76'6 767 77'5 78'4 77'2 76-5 
 77-9 78-2 77-4 76'6 76'2 76'2 76'0 74 2 72'5 72'4 72'3 72'3 72'3 71'8 72'3 72'8 75'0 76'0 76'5 77-2 78'6 78'4 767 77'9 
 76-0 76-4 75-0 75'3 74'4 74'2 747 75-4 73'2 73'2 73'2 73'4 73'6 73'2 74'2 75-4 76'2 75'6 76'0 77'2 77'3 777 75-4 77-9 
 
 76-3 
 74-4 
 74-5 
 751 
 75-3 
 75-2 
 
 Means 
 
 78-0 77-9 77-5 77'6 77'5 77'3 771 76'8 76'3 757 751 74'6 74-2 73'9 74-4 751 761 76'5 771 77'4 77'8 78'3 78'4 78'2 
 
 76-6 
 
 1 
 
 781 78-0 77'8 77'4 76'2 77'9 76'2 75'4 747 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 
 75-4 76-2 76-0 757 75'2 757 77'2 77'4 77 9 77'9 777 79'0 79'2 79'2 79'2 
 78-4 78-2 78-9 78'4 787 79'0 79-0 79-2 777 77'3 77'0 77'2 77'3 767 76'2 76-2 75'4 761 77'2 78'0 78'2 79-2 80-2 79'2 
 79-0 78-0 77-3 77-9 781 78'4 78'5 78'0 78'2 77'6 77'0 761 751 74'2 75'4 77'0 77'0 76 6 77'2 77'4 78'2 80-0 80'5 80'2 
 79-2 79-4 787 78'2 78-4 79'0 78'4 77'9 79'2 777 76'2 76-2 761 75 7 77'0 76'4 76'0 75-3 75'2 77'0 77'4 78'2 78-9 79'2 
 78-2 77'8 78'2 78'4 78'2 79'0 78'9 78-9 77-2 77'3 77'4 76'8 761 74'2 747 751 77'0 76-9 76'4 77'2 77'2 78'2 79-0 79'4 
 79-2 77-4 787 79'3 78'6 78'4 78'3 78'0 76'4 75'2 74'0 73'6 73'2 72'3 737 75'9 76'2 76'0 757 77'2 78'2 78'2 78'2 78-0 
 78'2 77'2 76'0 77'2 767 77'3 777 77*6 77'2 
 
 771 
 
 77-9 
 77-6 
 77-5 
 77-4 
 767 
 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 r~ ia 
 
 8 13 
 
 - 1 14 
 H 15 
 
 - - - 76-2 75-2 751 74'9 73'2 717 72'3 721 73'2 74-0 75-0 75-4 75'4 76-2 77-2 
 76-2 757 76-2 77-4 727 747 72-8 72-3 72'3 721 72-0 71-3 70'5 705"72'3 72'5 74'2 74-0 74"4 747 75-8 76'2 76'2 77-2 
 76-9 77-2 77-3 76'9 771 77'0 77'8 77-2 767 76-0 75'4 74'3 73'2 72'3 73'2 74'2 76'0 75-4 75'2 76'6 78 78'2 78-2 76'8 
 77-2 77-4 77-5 777 77'5 77'9 777 771 75-2 737 72'2 73'6 74'9 74'2 73'2 74'4 747 761 76'5 767 77'5 78'2 79'2 79'6 
 791 78-3 78-2 78'0 78'2 78'2 78'0 77'2 77-4 76'9 76'5 75'9 75'2 74'2 74'5 75'2 761 76-2 76'9 77-2 77'3 777 77'8 77'5 
 76-4 77-9 78'4 78'9 73'3 72'8 72'3 73'2 73'8 73'5 73'2 73'2 73-2 73'2 73-8 74'2 74'5 74-2 75'0 74-8 75'2 75-2 767 75'9 
 76-2 76'4 75-3 751 75.4 74-2 73~8 73'2 73'0 
 
 75-5 
 739 
 761 
 
 76-2 
 77-0 
 747 
 
 03 1( . 
 
 t> 1 
 O 17 
 P 18 
 ^ 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 
 ------- 727 72-5 72-9 73'2 72'8 73'2 74'0 75'4 75-2 76'2 76'2 76-2 76'5 77-2 77-2 
 77-0 77-2 765 77'2 757 76-9 76'2 76'6 77'0 751 73-2 72'8 72'3 71-8 723 73'9 73'2 74-4 75-2 76'0 77-2 777 77'2 77-0 
 76-6 77-2 76-0 761 76-0 767 76'4 77'2 757 74-8 73'9 73'9 73'9 73-6 737 74'0 76'2 75'2 75'6 76'2 67'2 77'2 77'2 77'4 
 76-6 76-9 76-8 75'2 74'9 767 76'2 761 75'2 747 74-2 74-0 73-8 73-2 72'5 74'2 75'2 75-5 76'8 76-4 78'9 78'2 79-2 76-6 
 77-2 77-4 78-2 77'9 771 77-6 77'0 76'2 76-4 76'0 75-6 74-9 74'2 73 3 73'2 74'0 75'2 75'2 75'4 76-4 77'2 77'2 77'2 77'0 
 767 77-2 77-0 771) 767 75-6 76'2 76'2 76'2 757 75'3 747 741 73'0 73'4 74'4 747 747 75-2 76'0 77'5 78'2 777 77'2 
 77'2 76'2 76-2 77~3 76'9 767 76'6 76'2 76'4 
 
 747 
 75-4 
 757 
 75-8 
 761 
 75-9 
 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29| 
 
 -------- 76-5 767 761 75'4 74'2 75'2 75'2 751 75-4 75'4 76'2 77'2 78-2 78'2 78'8 
 79-2 777 77-4 77-4 781 77'8 77-6 77'2 76-2 76'2 76-2 757 751 74-4 75-5 78-2 76'4 767 77'2 78'0 79'2 79'0 79-2 79-2 
 79-2 78-0 78-2 76'9 757 761 75'9 76-4 76~9 76'5 76'2 75-8 75'4 747 75'4 77-2 767 76'8 767 78'0 78'2 78'2 77'9 79'0 
 79-6 791 78-0 77'6 771 76-5 75-0 74-9 75'0 75'2 75'4 751 747 73'2 74'2 74-5 74'2 75'2 75'2 76'2 76'8 78'2 78'9 795 
 79-9 78'0 78-4 77'4 76'0 76'5 771 78'2 757 761 76-6 75-9 75'2 75 2 74'9 75'4 75'4 74'5 74'2 75'2 76-2 76'2 77'2 79-2 
 797 78-0 77-2 777 75'9 77'3 76-0 75-4 76'2 75'9 757 75 2 747 72'6 73'2 79'2 74-2 77'2 751 75'2 747 76'2 77'4 79-2 
 78-9 78-2 78-2 77'9 76-2 75'4 74'4 75-2 75'6 
 
 76-4 
 77-3 
 76-9 
 76-2 
 764 
 762 
 
 30 
 311 
 
 74-5 73-5 73-2 72'9 72-3 72'8 73'4 731 73-2 75-4 75'2 75'5 76'2 76-6 ^7-2 
 76-9 77-4 77-5 77-9 77'4 77'4 781 77'2 76-4 75'6 74-9 74'6 74'2 72'8 73'4 747 74-4 751 75'4 76'4 75-4 76'2 79-2 777 
 
 75-2 
 761 
 
 Means j 
 
 78-0 77-6 77-5 77'5 766 77'0 76-6 76'5 761 75'6 751 74'8 74'4 73-6 74-0 751 75'2 75'5 75-8 76-4 771 77'6 781 781 
 
 76-2 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake^of obtaining the daily means. 
 
76 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Dailyand 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. li. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. li m li.m. h. m. h. m. h. in. h. m 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 i.41 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 . Means 
 
 o 
 4 
 
 # * 
 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOO 
 
 77-2 78-2 78-2 78'2 78'2 784 78'2 78'2 78'2 77-8 77-4 77'2 77-0 774 78'2 78'2 771 764 78'3 78'6 79'2 784 79'2 78'2 
 78'2 777 78-2 787 784 78-5 784 787 78'2 781 78'0 78'0 77'9 78'2 78-2 784 757 76-4 764 7(5-4 77-9 78-6 77'6 78-2 
 79-0 78-9 78-1 78-2 78-7 78'2 77'7 77'2 77-9 77'4 76'9 76'7 76'4 76-9 77-0 75'2 77'1 74-4,74-5 78-1 77-2 77-0 77-0 78'4 
 79-2 78-0 77-3 77'2 78'2 78-1 781 78-2 777 77-1 76'5 76'8 77'1 77'2 77-6 78'0 75-7 76-2 75-7 75-4 78'4 78'3 79 6 79'9 
 
 TQ-^ 7ft *} 77-7 7s2-H 77-J, ~-Q 77-O 77-1 77*O 
 
 
 
 78'0 
 77-9 
 77-3 
 77-6 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 oo 12 
 
 ______ 76-6 76-0 75-6 75-2 76'4 777 78'0 78'4 77'2 76'2 76'2 78'9 79-2 78-5 79'0 
 78-4 78-9 78-6 78'2 77-5 777 78'2 77'7 77'2 77'4 77-6 774 77-2 78'0 77'2 75-2 74-4 75'9 76-2 7(r3 76.0 76-2 76-6 77~9 
 78-2 79-1 78-7 78'6 77-9 78'2 787 78'2 76-2 75-8 75-4 75-3 75-2 74-7 73-2 73-4 74-9 74'4 75-2 76-4 77'2 77-0 79'2 78'6 
 77-9 77-0 77-4 77-0 77'2 77'2 77-2 777 77-2 77-2 77-2 76'5 75-7 731 72-3 72-3 72'6 74'2 74'6 74-4 75-3 75-4 76-5 78'9 
 79-2 77-4 77-4 76'6 75-4 77-2 76-8 76-4 75-2 75-2 75'2 74'7 74-2 71-3 72-3 72-3 72-3 73-2 73'4 73-7 75-5 74-7 76-4 76-7 
 78-3 77-5 77-2 77-2 76'9 76-2 76-6 76'8 77-2 77-2 77'2 767 76-2 75-7 76-2 77-2 75'4 75-2 74'2 77-5 77-2 76-5 77-2 78-0 
 77-Q 78-0 77-9 78-1 78-'' 78-4 77-fi 77-9 77-9 
 
 774 
 77-2 
 767 
 75-9 
 751 
 767 
 
 rH " 
 
 1 i 
 
 D3 14 
 H 15 
 
 03 "* 
 
 a 16 
 
 H 17 
 
 18 
 ta I* 1 ) 
 
 76-4 75-7 75-2 74-7 75-4 73-6 73-8 73-2 74-8 737 75-2 75'1 75-8 77-5 79-0 
 78-4 78-0 77-2 76-7 75-7 75'2 75-2 747 73'2 73'6 74-0 73'5 73'0 74-2 75-2 76'2 76-4 76-8 76'2 76-9 77'6 77-2 78'2 78'2 
 79-0 78-9 78-2 781 77-9 77'2 76-9 76-2 75-7 75-0 74-4 74-3 74-2 75-0 74-7 75-7 76-2 75-2 74-4 75.2 74-4 75-6 77-0 77-5 
 77-2 77-4 77-2 77-1 78-5 78'2 77-7 77'2 75'2 75-1 75-0 74-9 74-7 74-2 73-2 73-4 74-9 75-4 76-2 76-2 76-4 76-0 75-2 75'2 
 74-5 76-9 76-0 76'5 781 77'0 75-3 75'9 75'4 75'5 75-6 74'9 74-2 74-0 74-2 74'2 74'6 75'2 751 75'6 754 74-4 75-2 74'2 
 73-4 747 75-2 757 76-2 76'2 76-8 77'2 77'2 771 77'0 76'6 76-2 74'0 737 74-2 75'0 74'2 74'2 75-2 757 76'2 75'6 75'5 
 7*17 78-2 78-fi 77-0 7fi-9 77-2 77-9 77-9 7fi-Q 
 
 76-2 
 75-9 
 761 
 75-9 
 75-3 
 75-5 
 
 M 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 
 76-5 76-2 75-9 75-5 747 74-8 75'2 76'2 77'2 784 79-2 79'2 784 79'0 78'8 
 781 77-8 77-3 77-5 77-4 77-4 77-2 77-2 76'9 77'0 77'2 771 77-0 77-9 78-4 78-2 78'0 77-4 77'2 78'9 79'2 794 784 784 
 787 78-4 781 78'3 784 78'2 78'8 79'0 78'2 77'9 777 77-8 77-9 78'2 78'2 78'2 78-2 78'2 80'2 804 787 787 794 794 
 79-2 787 78-9 78'6 78'6 78'2 77'9 78'6 78'2 777 77'2 77'6 78'0 78-0 78'2 78'2 784 78'9 78'5 80'0.80'2 801 784 78'2 
 787 78-4 787 79-2 79-2 79-2 78-9 787 78-4 78'3 78'2 77-8 77-4 75-8 74-8 75-2 75-4 75-8 76-2 791 77'9 77'5 79-2 79'2 
 79-0 787 78-2 78'9 791 79-2 79'0 78'6 78'2 777 77'2 76-6 76-0 764 77'2 784 787 79'0 79'2 78-2 79-2 804 81'2 80'2 
 804 797 797 79'6 79-5 797 71.- 7'|- 71.-4 - 
 
 771 
 
 77-8 
 78-5 
 78-5 
 77-8 
 78-5 
 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 74-5 747 74-5 74'2 74-9 74'9 754 76'2 767 764 76"0 777 78'9 79'0 804 
 78-2 767 77-2 774 77-3 76'9 76'9 77'0 77'2 76'3 754 74'6 737 72-8 73'0 74-5 75'0 76'4 757 78'6 79'0 79'2 80'0 80-0 
 80-2 80-2 801 79-3 787 80'3 79'6 787 78'2 767 75'2 75'4 75'5 74-4 75'2 76-4 777 77'4 76'8 78'2 79'0 79'5 80'2 78'4 
 76-5 75-2 75-3 757 75-6 76-2 75-9 75'2 75-2 75'2 75'2 751 74-9 74-8 747 74-2 76-2 777 77'4 757 77-2 76-2 75-5 77'0 
 
 76-9 
 76-6 
 78-0 
 757 
 
 Means 
 
 781 78-0 77-8 77'8 777 777 77'4 77'3 76'8 76'5 76'3 76'0 757 75'5 75-5 75'8 75'9 761 76'2 77'0 77'5 77'5 78'0 78'2 
 
 76-9 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 79-2 797 79-5 80'5 797 79-3 79'0 79-0 79-2 78'2 77-2 76-2 75-2 75'6 77-2 78~2 77-2 77-6 777 78'0 777 787 77-2 76-9 
 77-2 79-0 787 78'8 79'2 79-4 791 79-0 69'4 70'8 72-3 72-8 73'2 737 74-2 76'4 78'2 78-6 79'5 78'5 79-4 80'2 80-9 79'2 
 79-3 78-5 78-3 78'4 78'2 76'0 75'4 75-0 75-2 
 
 781 
 77-0 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 757 76-2 75-2 74'2 74-6 74-0 75'5 77-2 78'2 79'2 78'6 79-9 79-5 80-2 79-3 
 78-4 78-2 78-3 781 78'2 77-6 77'2 76-9 76'4 75'8 75-2 75-0 747 75'0 75'2 76'2 77'2 78-2 78-0 787 77-4 79'0 79-8 79-4 
 76-4 77'3 78-5 777 78'2 77'6 76-8 77'4 76-4 76'3 76'2 76-2 76-2 76'4 77'0 78'4 78-9 79-4 78'6 79-4 787 787 787 79-2 
 78-9 77-9 77'3 771 77'4 77-2 77'2 76-9 76-2 76'2 76'2 75'8 75-4 75-2 76-2 77-2 780 78'2 787 78-4 77-9 78'2 77-4 77'0 
 77-2 77-0 76-3 761 76'2 76-3 76'4 767 75'5 74'9 74-4 74'6 747 747 75'2 77-2 78'2 78'2 78'8 78-9 79'0 77'9 78'2 78-2 
 78-0 777 77-5 777 77'3 771 76'9 767 75'8 75'6 75-4 75'3 75'2 75'4 75 2 76-0 767 77-5 78'2 777 78-2 77 4 78'5 77'2 
 771 76-0 760 75-8 76'2 76-2 76'4 76-3 77'2 
 
 77-2 
 77-3 
 777 
 77-2 
 767 
 76-8 
 
 11 
 12 
 5 13 
 
 ~ " 
 
 W 16 
 FQ 17 
 
 77-2 77-2 75-9 74-6 75'2 75'2 75-2 74-4 74-4 72'5 73'2 74-0 747 74-9 74-4 
 74-0 74-4 74-3 74'9 74 2 73'9 737 73'4 73'2 73-2 73-2 73'2 731 73'2 73'8 74-4 750 76-2 76'9 77-9 77'4 77'2 77-3 77'4 
 77-2 747 74'8 75 2 75'9 75-4 75'9 74-9 74'2 74-3 74-5 74-4 74-2 75'2 757 77'2 77'2 77-2 79-8 79'4 78'9 78'4 781 78-5 
 78'4 77-0 76-2 76'2 76'2 75'6 76-2 76'4 74'2 74'4 747 74'5 74'2 74'4 74-4 74'4 74-2 73'6 73'8 73-9 74-0 74'2 73-4 74'0 
 737 73-4 73-2 74'0 73-8 74-2 737 73-2 73-2 73'2 73'2 73-3 73'4 73-2 74-2 75'3 77 1 747 757 777 77-8 78'4 78'2 77'0 
 77'0 76'9 76-2 76'2 76'2 76'2 76-2 76-2 76'0 75-6 75-2 751 75'0 75'2 74-9 75-6 76'2 77'2 78'2 78'4 777 787 77-4 77-4 
 77-2 77-4 77-0 77-2 77-3 77-0 76-9 761 757 
 
 754 
 74-8 
 76-3 
 74-9 
 74-8 
 76-5 
 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 75-3 75-0 74'6 74'2 74'9 75-5 77'2 77-5 78-2 77'2 78'2 787 78'4 78-0 77'8 
 78-2 77-2 761 76'6 76'8 75'0 74-5 75'4 75'4 75'5 757 75-5 75-2 74-2 75'4 75-2 77'2 77 9 78 2 78-0 78-6 78'2 77-3 77-4 
 76-9 77-2 767 76'4 777 77-3 77'2 76'4 76'2 75'9 757 75 5 75-2 747 75-2 76'0 77 78 78'8 79-2 78-2 78'2 791 78'3 
 77-2 77-0 76-2 76'5 76'3 77-2 737 74-4 74-9 74-0 73'2 73 727 73 73'2 737 74-4 74'0 76-0 75'4 76-3 78'4 791 76'8 
 75-4 76-0 75-2 74'6 74-9 747 74-9 75-2 757 75'4 75-2 74'2 73'2 73'6 732 73'2 75-0 752 75-6 75-2 75-4 75'8 75-6 747 
 74-8 74-6 74-2 74-2 74 5 74-2 74'2 74'0 737 73-5 73-4 73-3 73'2 73'2 73'2 72'8 72 3 73 73 2 737 73-9 73-9 73-9 737 
 73'9 73-4 74-0 741 741 737 731 73'2 72'0 - _________ __ __ __ _ 
 73-8 757 75-5 75'2 751 749 758 76'2 75-0 742 747 74'4 74'9 751 75-0 
 74-8 75-2 75-0 75-0 747 75-2 747 74-9 74'8 74'9 75'0 74-5 74-0 73'2 731 734 752 76'0 75'6 75'8 77-2 75'9 75-0 74-6 
 74-9 75-4 75-2 75-2 751 75-0 74'2 747 74-2 74-2 74'2 74'2 741 734 734 74'2 754 757 76-5 75-9 767 76-9 76'6 774 
 764 76-9 764 76-4 76'0 75-0 75'2 75'0 744 74'3 74-2 73-9 73'6 734 724 72-8 74-2 73-2 72-3 71 3 72-3 73-2 7'>-2 72'5 
 73-2 73-2 73-2 73'0 73'2 72'5 72-3 711 71-3 71-3 71-3 71-3 71'3 71-0 69'3 70'5 72'6 72-5 72'3 72'5 72'3 72'3 71-8 72-8 
 73-0 73-2 73-4 73'0 73 2 724 73-2 72'8 73'2 73'0 72-8 72-4 72-0 71'3 70'6 71'5 72'2 721 71-5 71-0 71-3 71-3 71-0 70'3 
 
 76-8 
 764 
 77-0 
 75-3 
 74-9 
 737 
 
 74-5 
 74-9 
 751 
 741 
 72-0 
 72-2 
 
 Means 
 
 76-5 76-3 761 761 76'2 75-8 75'5 754 74-8 747 747 744 741 74-2 74'3 751 76-0 76'2 764 76-5 76'7 76'9 767 764 
 
 757 
 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 77 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Gottinjten 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 
 
 3 4 
 
 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily am 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madrns 
 Mean Time 
 
 IL m. 
 4.41 
 
 h. m. 
 5.41 
 
 h. m. 
 6.41 
 
 h. m. 
 7.41 
 
 h. m. 
 8.41 
 
 h. m. 
 9.41 
 
 h. m. 
 10.41 
 
 h. m. 
 11.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. , h. m. h. m. 
 12.41 13.41 It. 41 15.41 
 
 h. ra. 
 1B.41 
 
 h. m. 
 17.41 
 
 h. m. 
 18.41 
 
 h. m. 
 10.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 20.41 21.41 22.41 
 
 h. m. 
 23.41 
 
 h. m. 
 0.41 
 
 h. m. 
 1.41 
 
 h. m. 
 2.41 
 
 h. m. 
 S.H 
 
 Oct. 
 
 O O 
 
 71-3 707 
 
 74-2 74-2 
 77-2 76-8 
 
 t^ 
 
 1C 
 
 O 
 
 fc 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 
 17: 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 77-5 
 77-2 
 
 77-0 
 76-5 
 
 76-0 75-5 
 
 75-2 75-2 
 
 70-1 69-0 
 
 71-5 71-3 
 
 69-8 69-5 
 
 69-5 69-3 
 
 68-7 68-3 
 
 69-5 69-3 
 
 73-7 73-4 
 
 74-2 74-2 
 
 72-5 72-3 
 
 71-5 71-3 
 
 70-9 70-8 
 
 70-3 69-5 
 
 71-1 70-8 
 
 71-8 71-8 
 
 69-9 69-6 
 
 69-3 69-8 
 
 73-2 72-9 
 
 73-2 73-1 
 
 o 
 71-0 
 
 74-1 
 76-5 
 76-5 
 77-0 
 75-4 
 75-1 
 
 69-8 
 70-4 
 69-2 
 68-6 
 67-3 
 69-3 
 
 73-4 
 73-4 
 71-7 
 70-5 
 70-2 
 69-4 
 
 72-3 
 71-8 
 68-2 
 69-9 
 72-2 
 73-0 
 
 o 
 71-1 
 
 73-5 
 76-4 
 76-3 
 76-4 
 75-3 
 75-1 
 
 69-7 
 71'0 
 69-1 
 69-0 
 67-3 
 69-8 
 
 74-3 
 
 72-8 
 71-6 
 70-5 
 70-1 
 68-3 
 
 72-3 
 71-3 
 68-1 
 70-0 
 72-2 
 72-3 
 
 o 
 70-6 
 
 74-6 
 76-4 
 76-4 
 76-4 
 
 74-8 
 74-7 
 
 69-5 
 70-7 
 69-0 
 68-8 
 66-1 
 69-5 
 
 74-4 
 72-8 
 72-3 
 70-3 
 69-3 
 67-5 
 
 72-3 
 71-1 
 
 67-9 
 69-3 
 72-0 
 
 71-8 
 
 o 
 71-3 
 
 75-9 
 76-4 
 76-5 
 76-3 
 74-2 
 74-2 
 
 69-3 
 71-1 
 
 68-5 
 68-4 
 67-2 
 69-7 
 
 73-2 
 72-5 
 73-0 
 70-1 
 69-6 
 66-9 
 
 72-6 
 70-4 
 68-1 
 69-0 
 72-3 
 72-3 
 
 o 
 70-9 
 
 77-1 
 766 
 76-1 
 
 76-7 
 74-2 
 73-9 
 
 69-3 
 70-6 
 68-5 
 68-1 
 65' 7 
 69-6 
 
 73-2 
 72-3 
 73-2 
 69-7 
 69-3 
 65-9 
 
 72-5 
 70-3 
 67-9 
 68-6 
 72-3 
 72-5 
 
 o 
 
 70-8 
 
 78-2 
 76-2 
 76-4 
 76-9 
 74-1 
 73-5 
 
 69-9 
 
 70-r. 
 
 68-3 
 67-7 
 66-4 
 69-7 
 
 73-1 
 
 72-2 
 72-8 
 70-5 
 69-3 
 64-7 
 
 72-2 
 69-6 
 68-1 
 68-3 
 71-6 
 723 
 
 o 
 71-2 
 
 77-2 
 76-2 
 75-9 
 769 
 74-0 
 73-2 
 
 70-3 
 70-1 
 698 
 68-3 
 67'3 
 69-3 
 
 73-1 
 72-3 
 72-3 
 72-5 
 69-7 
 64-4 
 
 71-8 
 69-8 
 68-5 
 67-8 
 71-0 
 72-3 
 
 * 
 o 
 
 * 
 o 
 
 71-8 72-5 72-4 723 71'5 73-3 72-3 721 73'9 73'4 74'2 74'2 75'0 
 
 76-5 75-9 76-0 760 75'4 75'4 76-2 767 75'2 77'4 78'2 78'2 78'0 
 
 76 75-9 75-3 747 747 74'9 76-2 77'2 777 77'5 79-2 79'0 78'8 
 
 75-6 75-4 74-8 74'2 737 74-5 75-2 76'2 767 78'2 792 786 78-9 
 
 76-5 76-2 75-7 75'2 75-2 75-4 76-2 76'4 77'2 77'2 77-8 78'2 77'4 
 
 73-6 73-2 73-2 73-1 72'8 73'4 74'9 75'2 74;4 74-2 75'2 76'2 766 
 
 75-4 74-6 
 78-0 77 6 
 78-9 78-4 
 78-2 78-2 
 77-2 76-7 
 76-2 75-2 
 
 72-3 71-5 71-4 71'3 7M 70'3 72-3 
 
 70-6 71-0 71-2 71-3 703 70'3 70-9 
 
 69-6 69-1 69-2 69'3 69'5 69'9 71-5 
 
 69-0 68-3 687 C9'0 67 3 67-3 68'5 
 
 68-2 68-1 68-0 67'8 69-3 68-8 69-1 
 
 68-2 69-1 68-2 67'3 66'4 67-6 68-5 
 
 71-3 69-3 69-4 70'3 70'3 69'3 69'3 
 
 71-3 71-3 71-8 72-3 73'0 723 72'5 
 
 72-3 71-5 71-8 71'3 71'5 71'8 71-2 
 
 687 69-3 69-5 70'3 70'2 70-1 70-1 
 
 69-4 69-8 70-6 71'3 71'3 70'8 70-1 
 
 69-0 70-3 69-5 70'3 70'5 711 70'0 
 
 69-6 
 717 
 70-5 
 70-3 
 69-3 
 69-5 
 
 71.4 73-4 727 71-9 72-3 72'3 72-3 
 
 72-9 727 72-9 73-0 737 74'4 76'2 
 
 72-8 73'4 73-5 73'6 73'0 72'3 73'2 
 
 72-3 72-3 71-3 70-3 70-3 70-1 69-5 
 
 71-6 70-8 70-6 703 70'8 71-1 70-5 
 
 69'0 68-3 68-6 68'8 67-3 66-3 66-6 
 
 72-3 72-5 72-8 73-2 74-2 75'2 747 74'6 
 
 757 75-5 76-0 76'2 76'2 76'0 76'2 74-9 
 
 73-9 73-3 73-4 74'0 74-2 74'0 74 72-8 ; 
 
 69-8 70-8 72-3 73'0 72'8 72'3 727 72-1 
 
 70-1 69-8 71-3 72-9 72'3 72'0 71'8 7M 
 
 67-3 08-5 70-6 70'3 70'3 70'0 697 70'0 
 
 72-4 
 76-2 
 76-8 
 76-5 
 766 
 74-6 
 
 72-0 
 70-8 
 707 
 69-1 
 69-1 
 68-3 
 
 717 
 74-3 
 73-3 
 71-8 
 71-0 
 69-2 
 
 71-3 71-1 707 70-1 70'3 687 C8'2 67'6 67'8 
 
 66-3 68-3 67-8 67-3 67-5 66-8 65-9 
 
 71-6 71-5 70-4 69 3 69-0 69-8 71-5 
 
 69-5 69-3 68-9 68'5 68'3 68-3 69-3 
 
 68-0 67-5 67-4 67-2 66'9 67-2 68-5 
 
 67-5 67-3 67-1 66-9 65-4 66'2 67-3 
 
 70-2 69-5 69-5 69'5 69-3 69 6 70'4 
 
 70-4 68-5 68-4 68'3 68'8 69'1 76-3 
 
 67-5 67-3 66-9 66'5 66 6 67'3 68-5 
 
 65-9 66-4 68-8 69'3 70'3 71'3 717 71'0 
 
 717 72-8 73'2 73-2 72-3 72-8 72'3 71'6; 
 
 70-3 71-3 71-3 71-8 71-6 71'3 70'5 70'3 
 
 69-5 70-1 70-8 70'8 70-5 70'5 70'3 70'3 
 
 68-3 70-1 71-3 72-0 72'8 73'6 73'9 73'2 
 
 72-9 767 72-5 74 2 74'2 747 74'4 73"4 
 
 I _ 
 
 ' 68'0 
 717 
 70-3 
 68'8 
 69'4 
 721 
 
 72-5 72-8 72-3 72-8 72 5 71'8 71-1 71-1 71-4 
 69-8 69-2 69-3 68'5 68'3 68'5 69'3 70-0 687 
 
 Means | 72-3 72-Q 71-8 717 7] "5 71-4 71-3 71-2 71-3 7M 71-0 70-8 70'5 70'2 70'5 71-2 71-8 72'2 72'6 73'1 73-2 73'2 73'1 72'6| 71'7 
 
 r- 
 
 oo 
 
 ^H 
 
 Q3 
 
 H 
 
 O 
 
 w 
 p 
 
 70-0 69-3 
 69-5 691 
 69-2 687 
 68-5 67-5 
 5j 68-5 68-8 
 61 - - 
 
 7 65-5 66-6 
 
 8 64-4 64-4 
 
 9 67-9 67-6 
 
 10 65-8 64-4 
 
 11 721 717 
 12j 74-4 74-4 
 
 13 - 
 
 14 74-9 74-2 
 13! 73-9 72-8 
 16 70-3 69-8 
 17,701 70-0 
 18, 67-8 67-9 
 19; 71-7 69-8 
 20! 
 2i; 70-3 69-5 
 22: 67-8 68-0 
 23| 66-8 67-8 
 24 67-8 67-3 
 25' 66-9 66-4 
 2Gi 65-8 66-2 
 27j - - 
 
 28 67-2 67-2 
 
 29 69-3 681 
 30; 697 69-5 
 31 71-5 70-8 
 
 68-5 
 68-5 
 687 
 67-5 
 68-0 
 
 657 
 63-9 
 67-8 
 64-1 
 72-0 
 74-0 
 
 73-5 
 72-4 
 697 
 6'..-4 
 677 
 70-2 
 
 69-3 
 667 
 66-9 
 67-6 
 66-2 
 66-4 
 
 67-5 
 67-8 
 697 
 70-5 
 
 68-0 68-1 68-3 
 
 68-3 68-3 69-0 
 
 67-3 67-3 67-8 
 
 66-2 66-4 66-9 
 
 67-5 67-4 67 3 
 
 66-2 66-4 65-6 
 64-4 64-2 64-5 
 66-8 65-5 65-6 
 64-0 63-9 64-4 
 72-9 73-2 73-2 
 74-1 73-9 73-9 
 
 73-8 737 73-3 
 72-2 71-9 72-1 
 69-5 69-3 68-2 
 68-6 68-5 68-1 
 67-8 67-1 66-6 
 70-5 71-1 69-3 
 
 69-5 69-4 69-5 
 
 66-2 66-1 65-8 
 
 66-9 66-6 67-5 
 
 67-3 67-3 67-1 
 
 66-0 65-2 64-8 
 
 66-3 65-6 65-9 
 
 67-5 67-6 677 
 67-6 67-9 677 
 697 69-5 69-5 
 70-4 70-3 70-3 
 
 68-3 
 68-5 
 67-3 
 66-6 
 67-2 
 
 65-6 
 64-8 
 65-1 
 64-8 
 73-2 
 73-5 
 
 73-2 
 719 
 
 67-8 
 67-5 
 667 
 69-3 
 
 695 
 65-2 
 67-4 
 66-6 
 64-6 
 65-4 
 
 68-1 
 67-8 
 69-3 
 70-0 
 
 68-2 68-3 68-2 
 68-3 68-3 67-9 
 67-4 66-9 66-6 
 66-4 65-9 65-8 
 67-3 67-2 - 
 
 67-3 
 647 64-4 63-9 
 65-4 65-4 65-1 
 64-6 64-4 63-9 
 64-9 65-4 K5-9 
 73-2 73-2 73-1 
 72-3 72-0 
 
 72-3 
 
 72-3 71-3 70-8 
 71-5 69-5 69-1 
 67-3 67-3 66-8 
 67-3 66-9 06-6 
 66-4 66-1 667 
 69-0 68-8 - 
 
 69-5 
 69-2 69-3 69-0 
 65-6 65-4 65-5 
 67-8 67-5 66-9 
 65-9 65-6 657 
 64-6 64-6 64-9 
 65-6 65-6 
 
 64-8 
 
 68-0 67-8 68-1 
 67-8 67-5 67-2 
 69-3 70-3 70-1 
 70-3 70-3 70-2 
 
 68-1 67-8 67-5 67'4 67'5 68-5 69-3 70'3 70'3 69'0 69'6 69'3 69-3 698 687 
 
 67-5 677 67-8 67-5 67'6 68'8 67'8 68'8 69'2 69'3 69'5 68'3 68-9 697' 68'5 
 
 66-4 66-9 67-3 66'4 66'2 67'3 68'5 68'0 68'3 66-9 66'6 67'2 67'9 69'3 67'5 
 
 65-8 64-9 63-9 63'4 64'4 64-4 64-4 66'4 66'9 68'0 68'8 68'5 69-5 69"3 ' 66-5 
 
 67-5 67-0 66-4 66'2 64'3 64'9 65"6 66'4 67'2 68'3 67'3 65'4 65'3 65-0 66'8 
 
 63-4 63-2 63-0 62'5 62'1 62'0 63'5 64'9 65-4 661 65-6 66'4 66-2 65-9J 64'8 
 
 64-9 647 64-4 641 63'4 63-3 64'9 66'2 66'9 66'6 67-5 66'4 677 681 i 65'2 
 
 63-4 63-2 63-0 627 63'3 63'0 64-6 64'9 65'2 64'9 65'6 66-6 65'6 66'4; 651 
 
 66-4 66-6 66-8 66'9 66'4 66'9 67'4 67'8 68'3 69'5 70'2 70'8 71'3 72-0 ! 66'9 
 
 731 73-6 741 74'4 74'9 75'0 75'5 761 75'5 76'2 76'9 75'4 75-0 74'9 ! 741 
 
 727 72-5 72-3 71'8 71-8 72'3 74-5 75'4 751 74'9 75'2 751 75'2 74'4 737 
 
 70-3 70-6 70-8 71'0 70'3 71'5 73'9 741 74'2 73'4 73'2 73'5 73-8 73'2' 727 
 
 68-8 69-0 69-2 68'9 68'8 711 72'0 731 72'5 71-8 72'6 73'0 72'0 70'5 ' 71'3 
 
 66-4 66-3 661 65-9 66'2 691 70'5 711 71'8 71'5 70'3 71'0 70'5 69-91 68-9 
 
 66-4 667 66-9 66'4 66'9 687 69'5 70-9 70'5 69'0 68'5 681 68'0 681 68'2 
 
 67-3 67-4 67-5 68'3 68'5 69'5 69'9 707 71-3 711 71-4 70'5 711 71'8 68'6 
 
 70-3 70-2 701 697 69'8 701 71-8 73-2 73-4 72'9 72'3 717 711 70-9 707 
 
 68-8 68 9 69-0 68'3 67'6 68'3 67'3 69'0 69'0 68'3 70'0 69'3 70'0 69'5 691 
 
 65-6 65-8 65-9 65'4 65'6 64'4 65-9 66'9 66'6 67'0 681 68'3 68'8 67'3 66'4 
 
 66-4 66-4 66-4 65'9 66'0 67'3 68' 657 65'9 67'0 67'6 67'3 69'4 68'8 671 
 
 65-8 66-0 661 66'6 65-2 66'0 64-6 66'0 667 68'0 67'5 66'9 67'3 671 66'6 
 
 65-2 657 661 65'6 64'4 65'4 65'6 64'9 65'3 66'4 67'0 67'2 66'6 66'4 657 
 
 641 64-0 63-9 64'4 64-4 65'4 67'5 69'2 69'3 69'3 68'5 67'3 67'3 67'5 66-2 
 
 68-5 68-4 68-3 68'2 67'5 67'3 687 69'9 69'9 69'8 69'8 70'3 701 69'3 68'4 
 
 66-9 667 66-4 66'4 65'9 67'3 69'0 70'3 70'3 70-5 71'3 70'3 70'9 69'5 68'4 
 
 69-9 69-6 69-3 701 697 701 70'8 71'8 72'5 72'9 73'0 73'0 72'5 71'8 70'6 
 
 701 701 70-0 691 68-8 69'3 70'3 70'8 707 69'5 69'3 69'3 68'8 68'6 70'0 
 
 Means ] 69'2 68'8 68'5 68'4 68'2 681 68'0 67-8 67'6 67'5 67-4 67'4 67'4 67-2 66'9 677 68'6 69'4 69'6 69'6 697 69'5 69'6 69-41 68'4 
 
 * The nuiubere ill tliesa columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 20 
 
78 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 V 
 
 HUMIDITY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE 
 
 AIR 
 
 AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 
 MtonT 
 
 f^e ! Noon 
 
 1 2 
 
 3 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 
 
 23 
 
 3aily and 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras n . m . 
 Mean Time 4.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. 
 6.41 6.41 
 
 h. in. h. m. 
 7.41 8.41 
 
 h. m. 
 9.41 
 
 h. m. 
 10.41 
 
 h. m. 
 11.41 
 
 h. m. 
 12.41 
 
 h.m, h.m. h, m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h, m. h.m. h. m. h m. h.m. h. m. h.m. h.m. h m. 
 13. H 14.11 15.41 10.41 17.41 1&41 1U.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 00 
 
 <! 
 
 1 
 
 i i 
 < 
 
 U 
 
 Ba 
 O 
 
 i i 
 
 a 
 
 w 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 075 
 74 
 73 
 
 079 0-82 
 71 72 
 75 -77 
 
 0-81 0-80 
 71 72 
 77 -82 
 
 0-80 
 73 
 
 83 
 
 078 
 
 73 
 83 
 
 0'80 
 
 75 
 
 0-82 
 84 
 
 0*83 0-83 0*84 0'86 0'86 0'82 077 073 072 0-70 0'69 0'68 070 0-69 
 86 '88 -91 -94 -93 -93 -90 -84 70 '68 '68 '68 70 '72 
 
 0-69 
 69 
 
 0774 
 779 
 
 815 
 795 
 739 
 724 
 777 
 765 
 
 728 
 705 
 680 
 748 
 810 
 784 
 
 775 
 760 
 728 
 718 
 709 
 722 
 
 759 
 755 
 783 
 811 
 
 820 
 842 
 
 91 -93 -93 -93 '93 '93 -85 '84 -73 -74 .73 72 -69 -73 
 86 -90 -90 -91 -90 '91 -87 70 -74 72 '68 -69 -71 71 
 77 76 -81 '86 -89 -91 -87 '69 -64 -61 -60 "63 -65 -66 
 77 "80 -82 -84 79 -86 '80 71 -63 '62 -64 -62 '63 -64 
 83 77 -82 -88 -91 -91 -88 '85 -74 70 '68 -69 -68 -67 
 83 -81 -81 -81 -86 -89 '85 -79 -69 -68 -68 -07 -69 -68 
 
 74 
 70 
 66 
 65 
 68 
 68 
 
 76 
 71 
 69 
 65 
 
 72 
 69 
 
 79 79 
 72 79 
 73 73 
 69 73 
 74 76 
 73 75 
 
 79 79 
 76 73 
 75 75 
 74 76 
 
 77 77 
 76 76 
 
 78 
 76 
 73 
 
 82 
 79 
 75 
 
 79 
 74 
 
 71 
 
 84 
 77 
 74 
 
 80 
 73 
 73 
 
 86 
 79 
 
 74 
 
 82 
 78 
 74 
 88 
 84 
 73 
 
 75 76 76 76 77 -78 76 '73 -68 -67 -67 -70 -69 -66 
 72 72 79 -87 '89 -89 '80 '65 -65 '65 -63 '61 '59 -63 
 72 71 72 73 -73 -73 '71 -66 -64 '65 "65 '65 '63 -64 
 81 -86 -86 -86 -90 -89 '87 '81 74 -69 -63 '63 '64 -66 
 82 -85 -85 -85 -90 -89 -90 '94 -90 '89 -82 76 72 71 
 86 -91 -90 -90 -89 -89 -86 '82 -79 74 -68 -67 -64 -63 
 
 68 
 65 
 66 
 68 
 73 
 64 
 
 69 
 63 
 67 
 73 
 72 
 66 
 
 69 -68 
 64 -66 
 69 73 
 75 -75 
 74 76 
 69 72 
 
 68 -67 
 67 '68 
 72 72 
 77 78 
 78 77 
 72 75 
 
 67 
 67 
 71 
 
 .77 
 79 
 
 70 
 74 
 71 
 
 77 
 81 
 76 
 
 70 
 69 
 72 
 79 
 81 
 81 
 
 71 
 72 
 76 
 79 
 81 
 90 
 
 91 -91 -91 -91 -94 -92 -91 -85 -75 -64 -63 -64 -64 -64 
 82 -88 -90 -92 -92 -93 -90 '77 -76 -69 -65 -63 '64 -62 
 82 -85 -88 '92 -92 -91 -82 78 70 '60 -60 -60 -61 -63 
 82 -88 -89 -91 -92 -92 '89 '76 -60 '63 -60 -57 '60 -60 
 84 '86 -88 -90 -91 -91 -83 72 '66 -56 -53 '54 -52 -53 
 86 -87 -89 -91 -93 -90 -86 '76 '68 '63 -58 -58 '57 -58 
 
 66 
 64 
 63 
 59 
 54 
 61 
 
 69 
 66 
 64 
 61 
 57 
 
 71 72 
 68 -68 
 66 -64 
 60 -69 
 60 -64 
 
 74 73 
 67 '69 
 63 '64 
 68 70 
 63 -65 
 
 73 
 68 
 66 
 72 
 69 
 
 74 
 68 
 69 
 76 
 72 
 
 75 
 68 
 73 
 71 
 79 
 
 76 
 79 
 75 
 81 
 84 
 
 69 
 72 
 
 77 
 77 
 74 
 
 71 76 
 76 79 
 76 78 
 80 -81 
 78 -83 
 
 78 78 
 77 79 
 81 -82 
 83 -84 
 86 -89 
 
 79 
 
 79 
 81 
 
 82 
 91 
 
 79 
 79 
 82 
 84 
 93 
 
 81 
 79 
 85 
 84 
 90 
 
 76 
 81 
 87 
 87 
 
 87 
 
 91 '94 -91 -89 -88 -85 -82 75 '69 '66 -67 -64 '64 -66 
 77 77 -80 '83 -87 -89 -86 '80 74 -69 -65 -64 -63 -66 
 82 -82 -84 -86 -85 '89 '85 '79 74 74 71 72 '69 71 
 89 '91 -91 -91 -91 -92 -86 75 77 75 73 .69 '69 74 
 90 -93 -94 -95 -95 -94 -89 75 74 71 71 -69 71 73 
 90 -93 -93 -94 -93 -93 -91 "84 -76 74 73 74 73 74 
 
 67 
 66 
 75 
 74 
 72 
 75 
 
 Means 0-693 714 738 743 753 758 768 775 '809 -831 '848 -862 -879 '888 -890 '850 775 715 -684 -663 '657 -655 '664 
 
 673 1 0762 
 
 iO 
 
 rt 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 to 
 
 o 
 
 h- 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 
 2C 
 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 In. 
 0710 
 689 
 682 
 
 728 
 673 
 652 
 611 
 680 
 662 
 
 667 
 595 
 ('28 
 675 
 680 
 614 
 
 627 
 614 
 587 
 542 
 517 
 562 
 
 653 
 692 
 732 
 760 
 
 748 
 
 In. In. 
 0-728 0737 
 640 -638 
 673 -678 
 
 727 708 
 657 -694 
 661 -646 
 620 -635 
 687 -676 
 671 -671 
 
 635 '609 
 582 '587 
 621 -633 
 666 -649 
 674 -670 
 605 -604 
 
 632 -615 
 608 -588 
 585 -556 
 520 -578 
 513 -523 
 559 '572 
 
 656 -666 
 698 704 
 714 -696 
 752 732 
 747 761 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0727 0717 
 624 -625 
 681 707 
 
 699 701 
 654 -636 
 650 -643 
 632 -641 
 678 -677 
 673 -671 
 
 606 -600 
 587 -592 
 611 -612 
 656 -662 
 676 -672 
 
 624 -614 
 581 -580 
 538 -540 
 563 -566 
 508 -511 
 576 -594 
 
 673 '671 
 674 -677 
 705 731 
 741 743 
 773 779 
 
 In. 
 
 0-715 
 628 
 721 
 
 697 
 647 
 636 
 653 
 683 
 662 
 
 597 
 587 
 601 
 652 
 675 
 
 612 
 567 
 557 
 573 
 525 
 583 
 
 672 
 677 
 704 
 725 
 
 783 
 
 In. 
 0-691 
 
 623 
 710 
 
 690 
 619 
 605 
 661 
 660 
 
 606 
 619 
 600 
 652 
 675 
 
 619 
 568 
 570 
 579 
 53(5 
 591 
 
 672 
 678 
 706 
 729 
 765 
 
 In. 
 0-701 
 630 
 700 
 
 687 
 610 
 615 
 670 
 679 
 640 
 
 606 
 584 
 6C2 
 650 
 671 
 596 
 
 626 
 554 
 588 
 532 
 553 
 578 
 
 678 
 678 
 715 
 726 
 
 738 
 
 In. 
 
 0715 
 674 
 702 
 
 687 
 619 
 607 
 685 
 721 
 628 
 
 605 
 600 
 618 
 675 
 665 
 624 
 
 615 
 592 
 581 
 575 
 542 
 598 
 
 647 
 692 
 699 
 749 
 706 
 
 * * 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0716 0-716 0-716 0-716 0717 0'691 0'69o 0'697 0'687 0708 0'693 0'090 0'678 0'659 
 674 -674 -674 '674 -668 '663 '673 713 -677 '682 -686 -689 714 -683 
 
 In. 
 
 0-651 
 
 667 
 
 In. 
 
 0703 
 666 
 
 711 
 
 700 
 635 
 631 
 666 
 683 
 
 668 
 616 
 612 
 630 
 691 
 658 
 
 618 
 629 
 590 
 573 
 550 
 543 
 
 622 
 675 
 711 
 723 
 739 
 751 
 
 714 725 721 718 711 711 "699 754 707 723 724 728 717 736 
 698 709 -701 -693 -696 '695 718 '694 -706 700 -671 -690 702 714 
 622 -624 -630 '637 '622 -631 -668 '619 -603 '594 -602 -630 -640 -658 
 616 -624 -630 -636 '611 -633 '657 '651 '596 -606 -628 '621 -647 -638 
 668 -651 -659 '668 '675 -667 '696 708 -688 -676 -690 701 -688 -678 
 699 -676 -674 -673 '666 -665 '689 700 '670 '672 '689 "689 -698 -691 
 
 727 
 685 
 650 
 633 
 
 668 
 688 
 
 677 
 633 
 635 
 
 658 
 705 
 610 
 
 635 
 609 
 603 
 548 
 503 
 555 
 
 659 
 659 
 736 
 753 
 755 
 767 
 
 639 -650 '651 -652 -650 -664 "689 701 -672 -690 '698 710 -693 -675 
 600 -594 -599 -604 -617 -615 '636 '598 -602 -642 '649 '622 -600 -632 
 603 -606 -611 -617 '617 '616 '608 -613 -622 '629 "651 -656 -636 -631 
 624 -630 -626 '622 '640 '639 '650 -668 -660 -646 '616 -634 -632 -645 
 685 -694 -688 -683 '688 -688 -690 715 745 757 758 745 713 -697 
 665 '664 -652 -640 '628 -620 -620 -661 -694 -699 '669 -662 '631 -607 
 
 622 -620 -618 -616 '618 -612 -649 -681 -662 -598 -603 -621 -635 -621 
 631 -647 -637 -628 '625 '631 '657 '637 -673 -647 -641 -624 -620 -607 
 584 -575 -583 -591 "585 -596 '597 '628 -630 -572 '573 -592 -595 -607 
 584 -587 -584 -581 '580 -572 '632 -602 -529 -587 -571 -548-578 -567 
 571 "567 '567 -568 '566 -567 -581 '569 -578 -508 '502 -512 -503 -509 
 536 '530 '547 '565 "553 -556 -581 '584 -573 -551 -539 -544 -542 -554 
 
 647 -696 -668 '641 "634 -606 '622 -635 -637 -635 -666 -648 -65<> -659 
 653 -658 '673 -688 '706 716 716 717 712 -684 -653 -658 -651 -659 
 702 711 713 716 70S 724 735 732 749 743 731 728 717 740 
 705 710 711 713 710 -697 709 -712 747 767 780 749 717 758 
 746 743 733 723 722 703 736 726 740 731 -751 737 769 775 
 721 735 727 719 711 709 733 764 766 768 776 789 769 765 
 
 Means 0-653 
 
 647 '647 
 
 642 -645 
 
 643 
 
 641 
 
 639 
 
 64V 
 
 651 -654 -654 -653 -651 '650 -667 -672 -666 '662 -662 '662 -659 -660 
 
 657 
 
 0-654 
 
 The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means . 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 79 
 
 HUMIDITY OP THE AIR AND TENSION OP THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gdttinjren 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h m. h.ra. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 5.41 0.41 7.41 8.41 0.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Jan. 31 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 i> 3 
 
 UJ 
 
 oo 4 
 
 ^ 5 
 
 >< 
 
 9 ? 
 
 P 8 
 9 
 
 P 10 
 
 *? 11 
 
 i 12 
 
 B 13 
 
 < 14 
 
 H 15 
 
 II! 
 
 ^ 19 
 H 20 
 P 21 
 g 22 
 g 23 
 W 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 
 * * 
 n.nn ,-,.01 n.QO fi.oi fl.Qr Ct-Q'J O'SO O'Ol O'Ol 
 
 0-845 
 844 
 843 
 819 
 805 
 760 
 
 799 
 805 
 803 
 '852 
 824 
 815 
 
 823 
 794 
 723 
 731 
 
 776 
 
 798 
 
 .781 
 776 
 748 
 710 
 804 
 820 
 
 93 0-91 0-92 0-93 0'94 0'95 0'91 0-87 0'82 075 74 072 O71 074 0-74 
 .77 -79 "87 -89 -91 -93 '96 -97 -94 -94 '94 -94 -95 -95 -95 91 '84 "81 '71 -60 '63 -67 -68 -70 
 70 -76 '85 -87 '88 "93 '95 -94 -95 "95 "94 -95 -96 -97 -95 "90 '85 -79 "71 -72 "73 -69 -67 -63 
 70 -73 '83 -88 '90 '90 "93 '93 -93 '94 -95 -95 -95 '92 -94 '93 '86 '76 '63 -64 -63 -60 -60 '62 
 65 -70 -81 -83 -86 '86 '88 '87 -88 '88 '88 '91 -94 '94 -92 -90 -84 -75 '66 -68 '64 -69 -67 '68 
 67 -71 -75 -77 '77 '76 -75 '77 -81 "84 '86 -88 '91 '90 '93 '86 -79 '68 '65 -61 -64 -62 -64 '67 
 
 fi7 -7'} -SO -81 -8T -8*; -8fi -80 -04. . 
 
 -94 -93 -92 -91 '93 -93 '88 '82 "78 -71 -58 -63 -62 -64 -65 
 67 -73 "79 -83 '82 '88 '86 -91 -93 '93 '93 '92 -92 '94 '94 -90 '81 '72 '67 '64 -64 -65 -64 '65 
 68 -73 '75 -76 '79 "84 '89 '90 -91 "91 '91 "92 -94 '95 -93 -90 '84 '72 -72 -70 '65 -62 -64 -66 
 74 -78 '83 -85 '87 '91 "91 -91 -93 -93 "93 '94 -95 '96 -94 -93 '91 '83 '74 -76 '74 -73 -73 '69 
 72 -77 '83 -86 '88 -90 '93 '92 -93 '94 '94 '94 -95 '97 -99 -92 '87 '82 -71 -58 '56 -56 -61 '68 
 71 -74 '79 -79 '82 '85 '87 '90 -91 '92 '93 '93 '93 '93 -94 -89 '83 '76 -72 -70 -69 -67 -68 "67 
 
 79 7" -7Q -SQ -81 -87 'Q1 -Q'3 -Ql 
 
 -93 -94 -93 -92 .95 -95 -90 '82 '73 '71 -66 '65 -66 -71 '73 
 73 -75 -78 -81 '80 '82 "83 -85 -93 '93 -93 -93 -94 '93 -93 -91 '82 "72 -69 -62 -58 -61 -60 '61 
 64 -70 -74 -74 -73 '75 -72 -72 -80 -83 -86 -87 -89 -90 -89 '82 -71 "58 "57 -57 '58 -59 -61 -55 
 61 -63 -63 -66 '69 '71 '72 -72 -78 -82 -86 -87 -88 '88 -89 -85 -77 -73 '68 -64 -65 -64 -61 .62 
 66 -69 -73 -73 '75 '81 -84 -83 -88 '88 '88 -89 -90 '94 -89 '86 -78 '73 -69 -65 '62 -65 -65 -69 
 70 -73 '79 -85 '87 '86 -90 '91 -93 '94 '95 -94 -93 '92 -95 '90 '85 '77 '66 -46 '58 -60 -58 '57 
 -I ifi -fil -75 -74. -74, -83 -86 -90 -89 - 
 
 91 -92 -93 -94 '95 -94 -93 -86 73 '68 -71 '64 '61 -55 -57 
 64 -71 -75 -81 -82 '85 -88 '86 -89 -90 -91 -91 -91 -91 -92 -86 -75 '67 -61 -59 -60 -61 -63 -64 
 67 -72 -79 -80 -83 -86 '91 -92 -90 -93 -95 -93 -92 -94 -94 -88 -77 '62 -50 -44 -39 -41 -46 -48 
 55 -67 -75 -81 -85 '86 -88 '87 -88 '88 -88 -89 -90 -90 -90 -82 -68 % 54 -39 -36 -34 -40 -51 -54 
 57 -71 -79 -84 -89 -89 '90 -93 -92 -93 -93 -93 -94 -94 -96 '95 -82 -69 '63 -55 -63 -64 -65 -66 
 70 -73 '79 -81 -83 '89 -88 -90 -91 -93 '94 -94 -95 '94 -95 "95 -81 '76 -74 -68 '71 '67 -64 -64 
 
 Means | 0-675 -724 -784 "809 -827 "853 "871 '878 -901 '911 '917 -920 -928 "933 -934, -894 "815 "730 '664 "620 '620 '622 '631 -639 1 0796 
 
 TENSION OF VAPOUR FEBRUARY 1857 g 
 a 
 
 ^JO5Or>t^COK)i OCOCD~J03Oirf^WbOl-'OtOQO^JO5Cr<*-CCtOi-ii-^ 
 
 In. In. j n _ In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 In. 
 
 0733 
 725 
 693 
 641 
 637 
 647 
 
 673 
 671 
 691 
 731 
 731 
 740 
 
 735 
 713 
 634 
 644 
 645 
 667 
 
 657 
 644 
 609 
 597 
 718 
 726 
 
 0-696 0-648 0-649 0-650 0'644 0'U55 0'694 0749 0779 0'762 0759 0750 0747 0775 0757 
 
 760 -748 -769 -754 734 725 732 727 '696 705 713 '705 "698 -681 -675 710 734 767 744 757 '691 720 733 733 
 700 714 756 723 719 716 -693 -686 '675 -666-657 '655 "653 -651 -618 '658 709 735 -699 726 747 717 700 -664 
 687 -677 709 "693 -680 '652 -649 -648 '622 -618 -614 '602 -591 -598 '601 '658 '696 '676 -612 -630 -625 -613 '616 -623 
 639 -646 -680 "661 -646 '635 -633 '619 -596 -597 "597 '602 '607 -612 -598 '638 -659 -671 -647 -668 -642 -693 '640 -657 
 626 -636 -647 "655 -651 -646 -639 -646 -662 -650 "637 -636 '636 -624 -658 '672 '677 "660 -641 '611 -648 '649 -655 -670 
 654 -677 -706 704 -698 '694 -687 -619 '651 
 
 -660 -669 -656 '643 -654 '652 '688 715 742 700 '633 -664 -645 '663 -668 
 678 -689 -696 -691 -672 '682 -653 -664 -669 -660 -650 "643 '636 '647 -650 '685 702 701 -672 -649 -667 '677 '679 -683 
 672 -694 -690 '690 -699 710 704 -685 -682 -674 -666 '671 '676 -675 -659 703 745 713 726 713 -688 '682 '689 -685 
 743 748 762 758 728 739 716 -696 "693 -683 -672 "677 "682 -679 -673 728 763 778 758 '814 -800 784 756 716 
 742 749 764 769 -773 779 -777 739 707 -707 706 705 705 720 719 753 798 '827 770 '648 -642 '642 '665 736 
 742 724 750 735 741 751 754 753 741 726 -711 703 '695 -683 -695 732 -766 771 774 785 784 754 768 728 
 75'i 7 5 J > '7^0 -TV) -V^fi 744, 73^ -"7'IR -711 
 
 713 715 705 '696 700 706 736 753 736 763 717 724 738 770 780 
 751 735 736 749 725 731 727 727 752 722 -692 '694 '696 -695 711 747 764 734 717 '674 -650 -670 -660 -664 
 660 -682 -684 -675 -660 '664 -637 -626 '636 '636 '635 '627 '620 -616 -617 '645 -654 '587 -605 '605 -623 -611 -640 -575 
 605 -607 -585 -612 -630 '625 '625 -613 -655 -649 -642 '635 '628 -617 -637 '684 -692 710 -691 '668 -686 -680 -639 -646 
 648 '639 -655 -650 '648 "667 '661 -629 '628 "627 -625 '604 '583 -590 -593 '634 -671 '682 -680 "663 -642 -682 '686 701 
 702 -692 714 742 742 '690 -686 -666 '672 '663 '653 '632 '612 -598 "625 "656 709 725 -664 '506 -654 -687 '661 -647 
 508 -filO -fifi'^ -64.1 -fiOfi ft'i'l -fi'^T -fvlft -fi'20 
 
 -628 -636 -623 -610 -613 -627 '686 738 736 732 778 729 707 '629 -646 
 688 703 -692 -692 -673 '655 "650 -613 '617 '622 -626 -614 -602 -573 -559 622 -635 '640 -644 '658 -665 -665 -668 -675 
 690 703 -699 '666 -650 '642 "642 '629 -589 '603 -617 '602 -588 -588 -592 "629 -646 '599 -537 '514 -495 -531 -582 -583 
 622 700 -689 '680 -679 '657 -641 '631 '633 '615 -597 -589 '582 -559 -555 '580 '569 '537 -443 '457 '450 -552 -661 -656 
 673 742 751 729 746 731 721 711 '686 "691 '695 707 719 702 720 759 748 708 706 '661 733 732 742 725 
 748 736 746 744 725 749 732 732 -692 -686 -679 -679 -680 -657 '667 746 754 764 767 752 785 765 729 701 
 
 Means | Q-G90 -699 -711 -706 "698 -695 -687 '675 -668 -662 -656 -651 -645 -641 -644 -685 -710 -707 '686 -669 "674 -681 -684 -680 O679 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the ake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
80 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY 
 
 OP THE 
 
 AIE 
 
 AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottingcn 
 Mean Time 
 
 NOOI 
 
 i 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ]6 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 3aily and 
 
 Mnrtras 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. li. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. li. in. h. m. h. m. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.11 
 
 5.41 
 
 6.41 
 
 7.41 
 
 8.41 
 
 9.41 
 
 10.41 
 
 11.41 
 
 12.41 
 
 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.11 2.41 3.41 
 
 
 Feb. 28 
 
 0-69 
 
 0-73 
 
 0-75 
 
 0-79 
 
 0-79 
 
 0-79 
 
 0-83 
 
 0-85 
 
 0-86 
 
 * * 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0-88 0-89 0-89 0'90 0'90 0'90 0-86 0'70 0'66 0'60 0'58 0'50 0'55 0'56 0'62 
 
 0753 
 
 2 
 
 66 
 
 71 
 
 74 
 
 75 
 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 87 
 
 89 
 
 90 
 
 91 -91 -91 -92 -93 -92 '87 -79 -69 '62 -61 -59 '55 -47 -55 
 
 765 
 
 3 
 
 60 
 
 69 
 
 71 
 
 75 
 
 77 
 
 79 
 
 83 
 
 89 
 
 91 
 
 91 -91 '92 -93 -93 '93 '83 -77 '68 -70 '67 '65 -67 '67 -66 
 
 782 
 
 4 
 
 73 
 
 77 
 
 80 
 
 78 
 
 84 
 
 88 
 
 89 
 
 91 
 
 91 
 
 92 -93 -93 -94 -94 '95 -90 '80 -69 -65 -64 '63 "65 -65 '69 
 
 809 
 
 5 
 
 70 
 
 73 
 
 80 
 
 84 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 85 
 
 85 
 
 87 
 
 89 -91 -92 -93 '93 -93 -89 -79 -72 -63 -62 '61 -58 '60 -58 
 
 785 
 
 r~ 6 
 
 56 
 
 61 
 
 69 
 
 76 
 
 82 
 
 81 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 85 '87 -89 -91 '91 -91 -83 -76 -73 -65 -62 '60 -56 -.56 '61 
 
 749 
 
 7 
 
 65 
 
 76 
 
 81 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 77 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 -81 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 84 '86 -86 -86 '85 -84 -81 -75 -71 -70 -65 -66 -71 '70 -71 
 
 770 
 
 W 9 
 
 73 
 
 75 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 84 
 
 82 
 
 81 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 85 '87 -87 -87 -91 "96 -86 '76 '69 '67 -62 -68 -64 -67 '71 
 
 786 
 
 10 
 
 72 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 86 
 
 87 
 
 88 '89 -89 -89 -95 -93 -83 -73 '64 '68 -67 -64 -66 -69 '69 
 
 792 
 
 3 11 
 
 74 
 
 78 
 
 82 
 
 84 
 
 81 
 
 85 
 
 84 
 
 84 
 
 86 
 
 88 '90 -90 -91 -91 .-92 '89 -78 '69 -69 -65 -66 -68 -68 '68 
 
 800 
 
 a 12 
 
 70 
 
 74 
 
 74 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 81 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 85 -88 -89 -90 '91 -90 -84 -72 '67 '64 -64 -62 -62 -64 '64 
 
 767 
 
 1 13 
 
 69 
 
 74 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 84 -86 -88 -91 '91 -92 '85 -77 '65 -65 -63 -65 '63 '64 -64 
 
 765 
 
 P3 14 
 
 AC 
 
 fiS 
 
 
 7A 
 
 7^ 
 
 7C 
 
 89 
 
 fit; 
 
 ft7 
 
 
 
 I -t e 
 
 *& 15 
 
 l^O 
 
 \JO 
 
 
 / rr 
 
 / *j 
 
 /O 
 
 o 
 
 oO 
 
 Oi 
 
 87 '87 -88 -90 "88 -91 -81 72 '63 -61 -59 '60 -58 '59 -62 
 
 748 
 
 H 16 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 68 
 
 70 
 
 72 
 
 79 
 
 84 
 
 87 
 
 87 
 
 89 '91 -90 -89 -91 -90 -84 '76 '67 -65 -61 '61 -65 '63 -65 
 
 760 
 
 W I 7 
 
 67 
 
 70 
 
 72 
 
 74 
 
 79 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 86 
 
 88 
 
 89 -90 -91 -93 '91 -91 '83 -75 '67 -63 -61 -63 -62 '63 '64 
 
 770 
 
 H 18 
 
 68 
 
 70 
 
 72 
 
 75 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 82 
 
 84 
 
 87 
 
 89 -91 -91 '92 -93 -92 '85 -76 '67 -61 -49 -51 -54 -59 '64 
 
 753 
 
 h 19 
 
 66 
 
 71 
 
 74 
 
 77 
 
 83 
 
 86 
 
 88 
 
 89 
 
 88 
 
 90 '91 -92 '93 '93 -93 -87 -78 '69 -60 '48 -54 -52 '47 '49 
 
 758 
 
 20 
 
 52 
 
 59 
 
 67 
 
 70 
 
 74 
 
 79 
 
 87 
 
 87 
 
 89 
 
 89 '89 '90 '92 -91 -89 -86 -70 '59 -50 -41 -54 -61 "62 '65 
 
 730 
 
 M 21 
 
 72 
 
 77 
 
 82 
 
 84 
 
 86 
 
 89 
 
 88 
 
 91 
 
 92 
 
 , 
 
 
 EH 22 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 92 '91 -90 -90 -93 -92 '89 '76 '67 -61 -54 '24 '24 -28 -50 
 
 743 
 
 Q 23 
 
 56 
 
 61 
 
 70 
 
 69 
 
 71 
 
 75 
 
 77 
 
 81 
 
 82 
 
 84 -85 -85 '86 -84 -84 -77 '69 '63 -63 -65 -64 -63 '66 '68 
 
 728 
 
 s 24 
 
 70 
 
 72 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 
 78 
 
 81 
 
 81 
 
 86 
 
 88 -89 '89 -89 -88 -90 -85 -79 '73 -70 -68 -64 -62 '61 -61 
 
 774 
 
 B 25 
 
 65 
 
 70 
 
 75 
 
 76 
 
 76 
 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 81 
 
 89 
 
 89 -89 '90 -91 -91 -88 -79 -72 '70 -71 -67 '67 -69 '68 -71 
 
 777 
 
 W 26 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 84 
 
 89 
 
 90 -90 '90 -90 -91 -92 -88 -77 '76 -71 -70 -66 -64 "67 '68 
 
 799 
 
 27 
 
 74 
 
 80 
 
 85 
 
 85 
 
 87 
 
 88 
 
 89 
 
 89 
 
 91 
 
 92 -93 -94 -96 -96 -95 -86 '77 '66 -64 -67 '66 -61 '61 -60 
 
 809 
 
 28 
 
 64 
 
 71 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 84 
 
 86 
 
 88 
 
 93 
 
 92 
 
 . - _ . 
 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 93 -94 -92 -91 -90 -93 '86 -74 -70 -67 '60 '62 -61' '62 '67 
 
 791 
 
 30 
 
 73 
 
 78 
 
 81 
 
 85 
 
 85 
 
 86 
 
 85 
 
 87 
 
 87 
 
 88 -89 -88 -87 '91 -92 -84 -77 -67 -65 '65 '63 '62 -62 -63 
 
 788 
 
 31 
 
 67 
 
 73 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 84 
 
 82 
 
 85 
 
 88 
 
 90 -91 -92 -93 -93 -92 -85 -74 "65 -54 -59 -59 '56 -52 -53 
 
 761 
 
 Means | 0'673 
 
 718 
 
 760 
 
 781 
 
 801 
 
 819 
 
 836 
 
 854 
 
 870 
 
 885 -896 '899 '907 '912 -913 -849 '753 -678 -642 -613 -603 -601 -605 -633|0'771 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 In. 
 
 Tel). 28 
 
 0- 7J.fi 
 
 O.'-O/* 
 
 (VClfi 
 
 fl'^QP* 
 
 A'1 1 
 
 0~ff\() 
 
 A*'""! O 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 /"*U 
 
 /OU 
 
 v / 10 
 
 U jj 
 
 U / 11 
 
 /( 
 
 U /la 
 
 O'/Oo 
 
 0'G82 
 
 0-643 0-604 0-603 0'603 0'603 0'C03 0'671 0'630 0'646 0'639 0'661 0'681 0'639 0'639 0'688 
 
 0-662 
 
 2 
 
 712 
 
 728 
 
 722 
 
 724 
 
 744 
 
 750 
 
 764 
 
 741 
 
 726 
 
 719 -712 -712 -713 -712 -696 -749' '762 '749 -717 '727 "735 '684 -570 -645 
 
 717 
 
 3 
 
 686 
 
 736 
 
 725 
 
 735 
 
 761 
 
 755 
 
 765 
 
 775 
 
 759 
 
 747 -734 -738 '742 '711 -718 '739 '779 '775 "818 '796 '780 "797 -807 '769 
 
 756 
 
 4 
 
 814 
 
 803 
 
 782 
 
 760 
 
 795 
 
 806 
 
 796 
 
 788 
 
 765 
 
 751 -736 -727 '719 '715 '721 -800 -793 -767 -756 -751 -751 -766 -755 -788 
 
 767 
 
 5 
 
 777 
 
 760 
 
 778 
 
 784 
 
 767 
 
 762 
 
 766 
 
 747 
 
 729 
 
 726 -722 '717 '712 -693 -686 -772 -775 '755 700 719 -705 '698 '708 -665 
 
 734 
 
 r- 6 
 
 V-) 
 
 634 
 
 637 
 
 674 
 
 706 
 
 727 
 
 706 
 
 706 
 
 703 
 
 695 
 
 684 -672 -668 '664 '648 '650 '690 738 780 750 740 756 '676 -687 726 
 
 697 
 
 oo 7 
 
 729 
 
 791 
 
 795 
 
 775 
 
 777 
 
 758 
 
 755 
 
 755 
 
 759 
 
 . 
 
 
 u 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 783 '806 -807 '809 792 -804 '839 -819-822 '836 '824 '832 -862 -858 '846 
 
 801 
 
 g 9 
 
 847 
 
 816 
 
 831 
 
 836 
 
 836 
 
 819 
 
 808 
 
 814 
 
 800 
 
 814 '827 -816 '805 '809 '841 '838 '830 -820 -815 759 '849 790 -821 -838 
 
 820 
 
 PS 10 -840 
 
 847 
 
 825 
 
 830 
 
 835 
 
 829 
 
 828 
 
 851 
 
 855 
 
 833 '811 -808 -806 '818 '809 '839 -808 -806 '875 '847 '835 '835 -844 -842 
 
 832 
 
 i 11 -862 
 
 860 
 
 871 
 
 876 
 
 840 
 
 868 
 
 854 
 
 842 
 
 865 
 
 852 -839 -827 "816 "809 '825 '885 -858 '848 '854 '816 '827 "853 -835 -826 
 
 846 
 
 S 12 -826 
 
 818 
 
 795 
 
 806 
 
 805 
 
 805 
 
 809 
 
 814 
 
 807 
 
 801 795 789 784 782 '802 '836 -813 787 776 783 763 782 790 779 
 
 798 
 
 13 -808 
 
 813 
 
 789 
 
 788 
 
 791 
 
 798 
 
 772 
 
 774 
 
 776 
 
 773 769 766 764 761 750 '802 '812 766 756 734 775 743 -744 747 
 
 774 
 
 14' -769 
 
 726 
 
 720 
 
 728 
 
 730 
 
 746 
 
 749 
 
 731 
 
 724 
 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 709 -694 -687 '680 '685 710 729 722 -669 -683 -684 702 "651 -678 -691 
 
 708 
 
 PH 16 -699 
 
 693 
 
 668 
 
 674 
 
 681 
 
 723 
 
 721 
 
 720 
 
 690 
 
 691 -691 -686 '681 "682 -686 729 738 -719 729 706 711 723 -699 -737 
 
 703 
 
 17! -737 
 
 704 
 
 702 
 
 709 
 
 721 
 
 719 
 
 715 
 
 708 
 
 690 
 
 689 -688 -690 '692 "688 -687 738 735 709 -688 704 -692 -695 -700 -698 
 
 704 
 
 18 -721 
 
 711 
 
 702 
 
 712 
 
 717 
 
 725 
 
 762 
 
 759 
 
 704 
 
 696 '687 -679 -672 '693 712 758 738 707 722 '610 -636 '679 730 755 
 
 708 
 
 19 -765 
 
 766 
 
 749 
 
 754 
 
 760 
 
 751 
 
 724 
 
 709 
 
 691 
 
 690 -688 -685 '683 '684 '686 749 768 757 728 '643 729 700 -640 '654 
 
 715 
 
 20i -649 
 
 676 
 
 699 
 
 711 
 
 721 
 
 745 
 
 771 
 
 764 
 
 749 
 
 733 717 709 701 '687 704 738 720 -668 -648 '572 '694 771 793 -799 
 
 714 
 
 g 21' -835 
 
 834 
 
 836 
 
 843 
 
 852 
 
 853 
 
 832 
 
 811 
 
 806 
 
 . 
 
 
 22 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 793 780 768 757 760 783 -835 -818 788 752 709 '317 -332 -386 -657 
 
 739 
 
 g 23 -647 
 
 673 
 
 714 
 
 694 
 
 699 
 
 713 
 
 703 
 
 695 
 
 671 
 
 670 -668 -660 '653 '670 '673 708 714 720 749 775 782 767 791 792 
 
 708 
 
 W 24 -800 
 
 799 
 
 797 
 
 788 
 
 784 
 
 776 
 
 744 
 
 737 
 
 759 
 
 758 757 755 753 751 781 -827 '828 -837 -857 '834 -804 781 '772 743 
 
 784 
 
 25! 766 
 
 775 
 
 780 
 
 775 
 
 772 
 
 779 
 
 786 
 
 783 
 
 811 
 
 800 789 785 782 783 '786 -800 '826 -850 -862 '845 '856 '875 -877 '882 
 
 809 
 
 26 -875 
 
 845 
 
 874 
 
 859 
 
 873 
 
 864 
 
 866 
 
 858 
 
 885 
 
 881 '876 -846 '817 '836 -862 -911 -909 -923 -926 -942 '898 '881 -898 -881 
 
 879 
 
 27 
 
 93.3 
 
 940 
 
 924 
 
 910 
 
 910 
 
 908 
 
 911 
 
 900 
 
 893 
 
 888 -883 -865 '847 '849 '867 '890 -878 -832 -860 '905 -884 -819 '813 -802 
 
 880 
 
 28 
 
 813 
 
 835 
 
 846 
 
 847 
 
 849 
 
 841 
 
 842' 
 
 841 
 
 825 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 796 767 739 712 '726 790 -852 -855 -856 -861 -805 -847 -842 -830 -874 
 
 820 
 
 30 
 
 899 
 
 890 
 
 872 
 
 882 
 
 880 
 
 864 
 
 862 
 
 865 
 
 861 
 
 864 -867 '849 '832 -816 -810 -844 '878 '823 -839 '837 -844 -829 '823 -825 
 
 852 
 
 31 
 
 825 
 
 838 
 
 831 
 
 837 
 
 836 
 
 847 
 
 830 
 
 824 
 
 803 
 
 793 783 784 785 781 787 '839 '830 777 713 789 -805 772 714 704 
 
 797 
 
 Means 1 0778 
 
 V8U 
 
 V78 
 
 V8U 
 
 784 
 
 V86 
 
 783 
 
 778 
 
 77U 
 
 762 754 747 740 739 749 793 792 776 774 760 755 750 748 765 1 0768 
 
 
 
 
 * The 
 
 numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 81 
 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUS 
 
 
 Gottinffen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily an< 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h m h m. h m. h m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. ra. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 t.il 5.11 6.41 7.41 8.11 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 i>- fi 
 
 10 D 
 
 oo 7 
 
 i i ' 
 
 S 9 
 
 g 10 
 
 3 11 
 
 0-54 0-63 0-71 0-77 0'81 0'85 0-90 0-90 0'88 0'89 0'90 0*91 0'92 0'93 0'92 0'86 077 0'63 0'67 0'65 0'67 0'68 0'68 70 
 69 -73 -79 -82 "82 -81 -85 -87 -87 -90 -92 -92 "92 "93 '91 -87 -82 '72 '67 '64 '63 -64 -66 -66 
 69 -73 -77 -82 '80 -82 '83 -82 '86 '87 '87 '89 "92 '91 "91 -85 '80 -68 '61 '63 "64 '66 -66 '65 
 71 -73 -77 78 79 -81 '84 -84 -85 - 
 86 -87 -89 -91 '91 -87 -80 .72 -6.5 -68 '65 -65 -62 -62 '61 
 65 70 75 75 76 77 75 77 '81 "83 -85 '86 '87 "87 '85 -80 71 '62 -60 '60 -58 -61 -62 '64 
 69 73 76 77 76 76 76 -82 -82 "85 '87 '87 7 '87 -85 77 -67 '69 -68 78 74 -65 -62 "67 
 66 73 78 -80 -80 -80 '81 -82 -87 '89 -91 '92 '93 '94 -90 -83 74 "66 "64 '58 -53 '60 -62 '64 
 67 73 78 -80 '80 -82 '84 -86 -86 '87 -88 -90 '92 "91 -89 77 71 '67 '66 '07 -65 -65 -67 '69 
 71 74 77 -80 '82 '83 '83 -83 '83 "85 -86 -86 '87 '93 -88 78 70 '63 -65 '65 '63 -63 -64 "65 
 
 7O -73 -77 -78 -7Q -81 -89 '89 '84. 
 
 0-782 
 794 
 779 
 
 768 
 734 
 763 
 767 
 778 
 765 
 
 <5 11 
 
 1 12 
 
 2 13 
 3 14 
 
 W 15 
 B 16 
 
 EH 17 
 
 tkj 1ft 
 
 85 -85 -87 -90 91 '86 77 -69 '62 -61 "58 '55 '54 -55 "58 
 61 -68 73 78 79 '80 -80 -81 '82 -86 -89 '89 -90 '91 -86 77 '67 "63 '52 -55 -57 "60 '61 '63 
 68 73 79 -80 79 -80 -80 79 '80 '82 -83 -83 -84 '85 .79 '68 '60 '53 -51 "50 -56 '61 -62 '63 
 69 76 -82 -82 '81 -84 -86 -88 -88 '87 .86 -86 -86 -90 -85 76 '65 '60 -52 "46 -60 '61 '63 '68 
 .72 78 -83 -85 '87 -86 -86 -88 '87 '85 '82 -83 -84 -84 '80 74 -67 "58 '51 '56 -64 '66 "65 '67 
 75 -80 -83 '87 '88 '91 -90 -89 -90 "90 -90 -87 -85 "87 '85 74 71 "65 -58 "59 -60 "64 '66 "68 
 
 TO -SA '8*; -8fi 'Ql -8Q -88 'BQ -Qf> 
 
 741 
 737 
 716 
 753 
 
 757 
 784 
 
 19 
 
 >-> 20 
 S 21 
 
 2 22 
 
 23 
 
 b 24 
 K 2H 
 
 -91 -91 -91 -92 -90 -86 75 -68 -60 -63 '62 "61 '61 '65 -68 
 72 -80 -81 -83 -84 -84 -86 -87 78 '82 -86 '89 -92 '92 '86 77 70 '65 '62 -60 '61 "59 "61 "61 
 66 71 77 79 '80 -80 '84 -83 -82 '86 -90 -91 -92 -90 -88 77 '69 "66 -64 -63 -61 '63 '60 '65 
 71 74 76 78 79 '81 -82 -83 "84 "86 '88 -87 -87 '87 '84 74 71 '64 -80 78 '66 70 '68 '66 
 69 76 78 79 '80 -80 '82 -84 '84 -87 -90 -93 -96 '94 -88 "81 76 "68 '66 -64 -67 '65 '67 73 
 74 75 76 78 78 '81 '82 -82 "82 "85 -88 -89 -91 '90 -85 75 71 70 "65 -60 -62 -62 -62 "64 
 fi*> 70 74. 76 73 78 -80 -80 -8fi . - 
 
 788 
 766 
 761 
 777 
 786 
 761 
 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 '86 -86 -87 -89 -91 -87 -80 70 '66 '65 -63 -63 "64 -63 "63 
 69 71 75 78 79 79 -80 -80 "84 '86 -88 -89 -90 '90 "86 79 7S -61 -63 "60 "62 -63 '61 '63 
 66 -69 74 .76 77 78 79 79 '80 -80 -79 -80 -81 -84 79 72 -66 '65 '58 '58 '60 -61 '60 "66 
 63 -69 74 79 79 78 78 -80 '84 "83 -82 -83 -84 -87 '82 74 -67 -67 '67 -64 -58 -58 -61 '68 
 70 73 74 76 78 78 79 79 -81 -84 -87 -87 -88 '87 78 76 74 -64 -62 -62 -60 '67 -62 -63 
 
 752 
 755 
 720 
 737 
 745 
 
 Means 
 
 0-681 731 773 796 -803 '813 -825 '833 '843 '858 -870 "878 '890 "896 "857 777 708 -643 -625 -617 '617 -628 '631 '653 
 
 1 0-760 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 A 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 0-679 0-725 0-755 0-794 0-805 0-808 0'807 0781 0700 0743 0725 0731 0737 0727 0-745 0'827 0'848 0777 0'850 0'841 0'867 0'881 0'869 0'876 
 833 -839 -850 '856 '841 '829 -857 '867 -805 -803 -800 793 787 788 -803 '859 '868 '861 -853 -856 '843 -852 -863 '844 
 848 -845 -825 '862 '838 '841 -841 -824 -841 -821 '801 799 798 782 -819 '841 '836 "805 778 -841 -835 '836 -813 '810 
 
 84.4. '8'^Q '894. -89^ '894. -8^3 -S^ -84.^ ft^ K , 
 
 In. 
 
 0790 
 835 
 824 
 
 5 
 6 
 i> 7 
 
 g , 
 
 t3 10 
 03 11 
 
 -831 -826 -818 -811 795 -829 '865 '852 '825 -877 -868 -864 "822 '823 794 
 809 797 '819 '809 "806 '808 790 794 '820 -809 798 '801 -805 '803 "827 857 '844 792 778 '850 -834 -846 '828 '835 
 861 -865 -843 "827 '815 '815 -811 '864 -853 -853 -853 -841 -830 '805 -836 '865 '809 '870 703 765 773 .758 776 763 
 -789 -829 -822 '828 '819 '819 -823 '825 -830 '826 -822 -818 -814 -819 -834 '869 -884 '854 '871 '849 -829 '873 "886 -858 
 872 -870 -894 '897 '883 '889 -896 '900 -899 -892 -884 -881 -879 -866 -879 "871 '885 "878 -923 -940 -930 "914 -912 -912 
 892 -899 -879 '889 '891 '892 '886 "875 '862 -861 -860 '846 -832 '863 -885 '898 '882 '834 -882 -872 '862 '880 '863 '866 
 
 QQfi -ft 71 -fi^Q 'Q^fi -Qt;i 'fi^A -Q^n -QQ QA'7 
 
 834 
 815 
 819 
 837 
 894 
 873 
 
 u 
 * 12 
 
 1 i 
 
 14 
 
 R 15 
 g 16 
 
 <J 17 
 
 t> 1C 
 
 -837 -827 -818 810 -809 -847 '880 -854 '840 -845 -814 785 760 768 770 
 793 -821 -839 "868 -865 '859 -854 '852 -850 '854 -858 -846 -834 -836 -852 '892 '845 '857 785 -851 '871 '873 -878 '884 
 884 -895 -917 '916 -884 '881 -865 '857 -859 -875 '890 -880 '870 -875 -861 '820 '810 781 -786 796 -860 "899 -914 -900 
 944 -943 -954 -936 -923 '931 '945 '948 -942 -924 '905 -892 -879 -913 -934 "937 -881 '906 -861 -823 -938 '928 '949 -957 
 964 -980 -987 -978 '978 '967 '970 '973 -963 -941 '919 -909 -900 -900 -895 '930 -926 '898 -862 -941 -991 '996 "952 "965 
 988 i-oos '992 1-010 roos roi5 '994 -986 '985 -982 .978 '958 -938 "940 -965 '937 '957 '931 '904 -916 -924 -945 -947 '939 
 
 833 
 851 
 866 
 921 
 945 
 964 
 
 ^ J.O 
 
 pq 19 
 20 
 fc 21 
 2 22 
 S 23 
 W 24 
 
 OE; 
 
 -969 -958 -941 -925 -902 -905 '897 -893 "829 "891 '884 -894 -905 -928 '941 
 967 -966 -928 -933 0-929 -909 -927 '930 '820 -845 '870 '884 -898 -907 -924 '924 -899 '896 -867 '875 -895 -871 "876 '852 
 885 -866 -886 -888 -890 "882 -900 '889 '880 '894 -907 -900 -894 -869 -917 '928 -896 '891 -878 -893 '882 -863 '842 '864 
 886 -897 -868 '875 -879 '895 -894 '892 -885 -887 "888 '874 -861 -832 .870 '892 -886 "818 "953 -960 -889 -947 '904 '885 
 896 -929 -891 '874 -875 '876 -883 '902 "893 -901 '908 -910 -912 -893 -917 "951 -927 "886 -910 '919 -938 -930 -912 -907 
 897 -923 -876 -868 -868 '892 -888 '885 '864 -867 '870 '867 -864 -857 -895 '886 -892 '912 '889 "829 -864 -878 '861 '862 
 
 Cm ft? 1 fi/t9 ft'TA -CQH 'Cf*Q -CCQ -GCH QHH - - 
 
 938 
 900 
 887 
 888 
 906 
 877 
 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 _ _ _ -888 -876 -874 '872 '864 "904 '920 "868 '899 -901 -913 "919 -909 -890 -889 
 929 -884 -869 '882 -892 "880 -883 '865 '900 -893 '885 -874 -863 -862 -890 '884 -922 -827 '862 -875 -902 '899 -882 '865 
 880 -889 -867 '881 -878 "881 -883 "877 "897 -884 -871 '868 '866 -885 "932 '899 '869 '894 -824 -858 '873 '882 '876 '894 
 874 -863 -906 "929 '920 '907 -902 -897 '931 -913 '894 -886 -878 -880 "918 '875 -872 -904 -904 -898 "879 '881 "894 -907 
 939 -927 -880 '889 -887 '878 -880 "879 -886 '883 '879 '877 '876 -853 '874 '901 -905 '862 '859 -881 '865 -906 '862 -885 
 
 884 
 882 
 880 
 896 
 884 
 
 Means 
 
 0-879 '885 -880 -886 -880 -881 -883 '881 -876 -872 '867 -861 -855 -851 -875 "889 -877 '859 '858 -869 -877 '882 "876 "874 
 
 0-872 
 
 
 * Ths numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the Bake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 21 
 
 
82 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 
 
 Gottinffen \T 
 Mean Time jNoon 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 Bail j- and 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras h. m. 
 Mean Time Ml 
 
 h. m. 
 5.41 
 
 h. m. 
 
 0.11 
 
 h. m. 
 7.41 
 
 h. m. 
 8.41 
 
 h. in. 
 11.11 
 
 h. m. 
 10.4] 
 
 h m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h m h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 11.11 12.11 13.41 It.H 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.11 10.41 20.41 21.41 L'2.11 ^:!.ll 0.41 1.41 
 
 h. m. 
 2.41 
 
 h. m. 
 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 i- 7 
 S 8 
 
 % 10 
 
 s 11 
 
 1 12 
 03 13 
 
 i < 1 1 
 
 <H 14 
 
 ea 15 
 W 16 
 H 17 
 ft 18 
 19 
 
 &H 20 
 S 21 
 P 22 
 3 23 
 B 24 
 W 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0-67 
 67 
 
 72 
 67 
 74 
 65 
 68 
 67 
 
 67 
 69 
 49 
 64 
 67 
 61 
 
 60 
 33 
 53 
 50 
 72 
 55 
 
 64 
 41 
 40 
 36 
 38 
 51 
 
 0-69 
 72 
 
 75 
 69 
 77 
 70 
 74 
 74 
 
 75 
 
 74 
 59 
 72 
 78 
 71 
 
 68 
 54 
 57 
 59 
 70 
 66 
 
 73 
 
 60 
 40 
 39 
 39 
 68 
 
 0-77 
 76 
 
 79 
 75 
 82 
 76 
 80 
 79 
 
 78 
 75 
 69 
 
 77 
 82 
 77 
 
 75 
 71 
 62 
 55 
 
 77 
 76 
 
 75 
 72 
 42 
 41 
 
 41 
 74 
 
 0-77 
 
 78 
 
 81 
 
 77 
 82 
 77 
 84 
 77 
 
 79 
 79 
 76 
 79 
 84 
 77 
 
 75 
 72 
 46 
 59 
 75 
 76 
 
 67 
 71 
 46 
 44 
 46 
 78 
 
 0-78 
 79 
 
 84 
 80 
 86 
 81 
 83 
 67 
 
 79 
 80 
 76 
 
 76 
 82 
 
 74 
 
 76 
 74 
 55 
 59 
 78 
 74 
 
 63 
 
 62 
 47 
 47 
 45 
 84 
 
 0-79 
 79 
 
 82 
 82 
 85 
 80 
 82 
 72 
 
 74 
 82 
 76 
 68 
 
 78 
 74 
 
 75 
 69 
 58 
 59 
 80 
 68 
 
 70 
 54 
 49 
 47 
 47 
 83 
 
 0-79 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 84 
 84 
 80 
 81 
 70 
 
 72 
 82 
 74 
 67 
 77 
 73 
 
 75 
 48 
 58 
 60 
 81 
 67 
 
 71 
 56 
 55 
 48 
 60 
 83 
 
 0-82 0-83 0-83 0'82 83 0'84 0'84 0'79 0'70 0'63 0'56 0'61 0'58 0'56 0'55 
 
 .QQ .1717 
 
 0-61 
 
 0-65 
 
 0721 
 
 762 
 756 
 761 
 764 
 699 
 671 
 
 664 
 655 
 637 
 637 
 020 
 634 
 
 618 
 598 
 504 
 525 
 640 
 673 
 
 625 
 594 
 525 
 469 
 471 
 525 
 
 674 
 
 _ _ -85 -92 -91 -90 -91 '83 '77 '72 '70 -66 '63 '61 -64 
 86 -88 -89 -90 '91 '92 '92 '86 '75 '68 '60 -54 '57 '58 -58 
 85 -84 -86 -88 '87 -87 '87 '85 '81 -73 '65 -57 '53 '64 -68 
 85 -88 '90 -92 '92 '93 -92 '83 '73 -66 -59 -53 '57 '61 -62 
 78 -79 '79 -78 '78 '78 '79 '76 '68 '62 '57 '53 '50 '53 '57 
 81 -77 -76 -74 75 '76 -76 -74 '64 '54 -49 -41 '41 -40 '49 
 '70 "63 
 
 68 
 -.59 
 70 
 59 
 59 
 54 
 
 67 
 57 
 73 
 59 
 64 
 58 
 
 72 -80 -80 -81 -82 '77 '69 '62 '56 '51 '43 '39 '47 
 75 -69 '72 -74 '74 '75 '74 '72 "67 '56 -50 -43 '41 -37' -52 
 77 -73 -70 -67 '65 '63 -64 '59 '55 '49 '46 -51 -51 '51 -48 
 75 -76 -73 -70 '72 '74 -73 "67 '55 -51 '47 '43 '48 '55 -57 
 68 '67 '66 -64 -66 "69 -72 -68 '59 '55 '45 -40 '35 '43 -56 
 67 '66 '65 '64 '64 '65 '66 '58 '49 "49 "50 -54 '51 "52 -50 
 *70 '60 
 
 55 
 57 
 51 
 55 
 56 
 50 
 
 60 
 60 
 
 49 
 58 
 57 
 54 
 
 72 -74 -73 -73 -72 '67 '62 -52 '45 -43 '41 -39 -37 
 75 -74 75 75 75 76 -63 '59 '52 '47 '48 '40 "38 '35 -35 
 51 -53 -53 '52 -53 '54 -57 '56 '53 -49 '44 -42 '38 '35 '32 
 57 -57 -57 "57 -58 '60 -60 '59 '54 "51 -48 -42 '42 '40 -43 
 61 -65 '66 '67 -68 70 -69 72 -69 '62 '63 -57 '58 '85 72 
 80 76 76 76 75 75 75 70 '65 '60 '56 '51 '45 '43 -52 
 '66 '66 
 
 35 
 -31 
 31 
 42 
 64 
 53 
 
 53 
 33 
 35 
 45 
 66 
 53 
 
 66 '66 -68 71 -68 '65 '64 '60 '54 '52 '49 '48 -43 
 71 70 71 71 -66 -61 '62 '64 -57 -52 '49 '47 '44 '42 '40 
 58 -56 -57 -57 '57 '58 '59 '59 -51 '49 -47 '44 '41 "39 '37 
 55 -53 '55 '56 '57 -58 '61 '57 -52 -46 '44 -40 '38 -34 -34 
 52 -52 -56 -60 -58 '57 '61 '58 '50 '47 '43 '42 '40 '38 '38 
 60 -57 -59 -61 -61 '61 '60 "59 -56 -54 '53 '51 -51 -51 -49 
 80 'SO ... 
 
 55 
 38 
 37 
 35 
 38 
 52 
 
 58 
 38 
 38 
 32 
 39 
 50 
 
 80 -80 -80 '80 -84 77 -69 -58 '51 -49 '44 -44 -40 
 
 43 
 
 58 
 
 Means 0-583 
 
 655 
 
 709 
 
 716 
 
 719 
 
 712 
 
 710 
 
 710 -699 711 718 718 723 724 -688 "622 -564 -521 -487 '468 -478 "490 
 
 503 
 
 530 1 0-632 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 i> 7 
 8 
 ^ 9 
 
 5 1? 
 
 !sl 11 
 
 1 12 
 
 OS 13 
 & 14 
 
 o 15 
 
 % 16 
 t* 17 
 ft 18 
 19 
 fc 20 
 
 O 21 
 
 H- i "*- 
 
 CQ 22 
 1 23 
 ^ 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. 
 
 0-860 
 
 873 
 
 946 
 904 
 923 
 881 
 940 
 906 
 
 944 
 954 
 714 
 919 
 940 
 874 
 
 907 
 695 
 866 
 741 
 793 
 780 
 
 866 
 703 
 688 
 681 
 696 
 749 
 
 In. 
 
 0-841 
 
 874 
 
 950 
 903 
 915 
 889 
 964 
 963 
 
 939 
 929 
 789 
 928 
 972 
 .926 
 
 918 
 863 
 843 
 812 
 805 
 843 
 
 895 
 801 
 678 
 684 
 716 
 875 
 
 In. 
 
 0-884 
 
 887 
 
 920 
 911 
 946 
 902 
 981 
 967 
 
 954 
 918 
 847 
 948 
 989 
 942 
 
 935 
 940 
 853 
 725 
 828 
 891 
 
 901 
 861 
 666 
 665 
 642 
 864 
 
 In. 
 
 0-879 
 
 897 
 
 928 
 920 
 934 
 907 
 994 
 946 
 
 956 
 930 
 887 
 968 
 983 
 938 
 
 928 
 939 
 700 
 758 
 800 
 886 
 
 815 
 862 
 698 
 666 
 697 
 910 
 
 In. 
 
 0'881 
 
 .901 
 
 934 
 933 
 958 
 926 
 987 
 815 
 
 941 
 940 
 886 
 952 
 953 
 897 
 
 911 
 
 945 
 817 
 736 
 806 
 -861 
 
 773 
 830 
 697 
 669 
 643 
 887 
 
 In. 
 
 0-886 
 
 903 
 
 918 
 937 
 949 
 920 
 964 
 774 
 
 914 
 946 
 882 
 842 
 911 
 897 
 
 894 
 887 
 797 
 722 
 805 
 795 
 
 817 
 706 
 689 
 654 
 656 
 893 
 
 In. 
 
 0-886 
 
 906 
 
 899 
 944 
 935 
 920 
 959 
 721 
 
 891 
 942 
 869 
 829 
 915 
 885 
 
 890 
 681 
 770 
 708 
 814 
 772 
 
 835 
 714 
 741 
 645 
 
 758 
 920 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. Tn. In. In. 
 
 0-909 0-898 0-879 0'859 0'867 0'876.0'870 0'S87 0'882 0'842 0'821 0'883 0'851 0'843 0791 
 
 901 '880 
 
 In. 
 0-863 
 
 In. 
 
 0-901 
 
 In. 
 
 0-869 
 
 908 
 901 
 925 
 916 
 
 877 
 881 
 
 854 
 852 
 823 
 829 
 822 
 807 
 
 836 
 816 
 732 
 754 
 758 
 765 
 
 795 
 781 
 715 
 680 
 678 
 709 
 
 823 
 
 887 '893 -874 '856 -864 '911 -941 -933 "969 '969 '935 '915 '939 
 926 -922 -912 '901 '897 '893 -887 '905 '912 '900 "857 '833 "883 -914 '883 
 940 -933 -938 '942 '937 '933 -934 '955 '951 '945 '927 '855 '804 -919 '939 
 934 -942 -948 '953 '936 -919 -908 '920 -896 '889 '865 '845 -912 -910 -931 
 883 -886 -864 '842 '826 '810 "824 '846 -848 '867 '859 '866 '853 '875 '920 
 939 "888 -866 '843 '844 '846 '853 -867 '840 '821 787 -749 '765 794 '877 
 695 '653 
 
 958 
 856 
 941 
 878 
 917 
 880 
 
 938 
 846 
 952 
 842 
 909 
 884 
 
 788 "922 -910 '898 '894 '9] 7 '887 '906 "867 '859 789 745 -879 
 910 '806 -823 '840 '831 '822 799 "835 '863 '802 775 742 '739 '683 '867 
 908 -865 -827 788 748 708 -697 717 739 734 723 '808 '800 '812 760 
 857 '870 -835 799 '808 '817 '810 '809 744 769 774 775 '875 -867 -872 
 820 794 766 738 740 743 773 '811 786 788 724 714 '685 '865 -861 
 788 758 743 728 709 '691 -682 '676 -650 699 739 -812 '807 -809 796 
 856 -855 
 
 892 
 894 
 786 
 852 
 857 
 791 
 
 908 
 885 
 768 
 898 
 870 
 834 
 
 855 '855 -846 '837 '819 '847 -822 786 733 751 745 754 754 
 886 -867 -866 '864 -863 '863 748 757 743 734 '8JO 717 702 '688 729 
 710 703 -690 '676 '672 '668 -686 706 703 705 '693 705 '688 '661 -616 
 759 750 736 722 725 728 727 734 721 723 702 '692 716 742 782 
 714 742 733 723 -731 740 723 771 761 775 786 755 746 '855 -862 
 799 755 747 738 736 734 736 720 727 742 741 725 717 735 799 
 758 758 
 
 724 
 653 
 629 
 
 778 
 827 
 776 
 
 862 
 723 
 677 
 671 
 
 727 
 802 
 
 733 
 
 860 
 711 
 710 
 .717 
 
 758 
 785 
 
 837 
 737 
 696 
 642 
 709 
 773 
 
 825 
 
 759 760 763 767 761 766 797 786 766 '802 778 789 749 
 842 -826 -817 '807 757 707 712 769 734 728 730 733 728 738 746 
 720 695 -687 '678 -677 '676 -681 702 -673 700 '675 "692 -683 -683 -678 
 722 -669 -669 '669 -664 '659 -686 700 -697 -672 -693 '666 -663 -656 '675 
 663 -650 -681 711 -681 '652 -682 714 '667 '682 -56 -667 -677 -686 706 
 736 -699 -699 '698 -693 -688 -684 '699 -694 706 721 720 728 722 739 
 889 -889 - ________ 
 867 -845 '842 '839 -870 '863 -824 773 748 744 -683 716 712 
 
 Means 0-836 
 
 HOC 
 
 876 
 
 874 
 
 865 
 
 845 
 
 837 
 
 826-806 -803 '800 791 783 781 '800 789 785 775 772 767 784 '802 
 
 806 
 
 815 0-812 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 83 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AKD TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Giittingen 
 Main Thm 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Pailyan< 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h. m. li.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h. m h. m. h. m. h. m h m h m h m h m h m 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 I.M 5.41 6.H 7.41 8.41 V.H 1(1. -H 11. U 12.11 13.41 14.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 10.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.4l' Ml' 2.41 3.4l' 
 
 
 ] 
 
 0-64 0-70 0-77 0'77 0'81 0'82 0'81 0-82 0'78 0-80 0'82 0'82 0-83 0'75 0'62 0'54 0-49 0'46 0'43 0'39 0-40 0-50 0'50 0-53 
 
 0-658 
 
 t 
 
 54 -60 -70 -72 '74 -67 -69 -75 78 -79 -79 -79 -80 -78 -66 -57 -54 -50 -45 -43 -40 -37 -48 "52 
 
 627 
 
 i 
 
 57 -60 -68 -72 75 "75 75 -74 -74 -73 71 -72 -73 -77 72 -61 -57 -52 -50 -49 -57 -56 -57 -63 
 
 654 
 
 i 
 
 66 -72 77 79 "81 '8J -82 -78 -75 -73 70 -68 -67 72 71 -59 -57 -57 -48 -45 -47 -58 "60 -64 
 
 670 
 
 t. 
 
 70 -61 71 75 79 '83 -.84 -79 77 79 '80 '78 77 -78 -69 -62 -61 -59 -56 -61 -60 -51 '56 -59 
 
 694 
 
 t 
 
 C6 71 74 74 -74 -73 -73 -73 -78 
 
 
 L~ V 
 
 >O i- 
 00 / 
 
 -83 -88 -89 '90 -92 '83 73" -64 -57 -59 -62 -61 -61 -62 '64 
 
 727 
 
 8 
 
 65 -69 -76 79 '81 79 -80 -81 -84 '84 '84 -86 "88 -90 -83 -71 -65 -62 -54 -56 -57 -59 '59 -59 
 
 730 
 
 1 
 
 63 -69 75 76 77 79 78 76 75 78 -81 '83 '85 -85 '80 72 -73 71 -67 "67 -62 -60 -68 70 
 
 738 
 
 g 1C 
 
 66 71 76 -79 "84 -87 '88 '87 -84 "85 '86 "83 "80 -80 -93 -93 -91 '89 -83 '78 78 -73 -73 -69 
 
 815 
 
 7 u 
 
 79 -81 '85 -87 '91 '85 92 '95 -95 -94 -93 '93 '94 -93 -88 -84 -75 70 71 70 -67 -66 -67 70 
 
 827 
 
 1 1-2 
 
 74 78 -82 -83 '84 77 -74 76 78 '81 -83 '84 '86 -85 77 -68 -64 '60 -57 -53 -49 -62 -67 '65 
 
 728 
 
 * 11 
 
 72 75 77 77 78 79 '80 '81 78 
 
 
 (-H ' ' J 
 
 -< 14 
 
 -84 -89 -89 -89 -89 "91 -86 -80 78 -79 79 -80 -79 -76 -78 
 
 810 
 
 W 15 
 
 81 -83 -87 -88 '88 '89 -91 '90 -90 -90 '89 -87 "85 '83 "81 -80 -76 -73 -70 -69 -61 -63 -62 "63 
 
 800 
 
 M 16 
 
 62 -66 -80 -84 '80 '82 -82 -81 -78 79 '80 79 79 '83 -83 -83 -78 -70 -65 -62 -58 "58 -56 -58 
 
 736 
 
 H 17 
 
 60 -65 "67 -70 71 '76 '80 -78 -81 '81 "80 -79 "78 '79 72- -68 -60 "62 -58 "56 -53 -52 -49 -50 
 
 677 
 
 o 1S 
 
 52 -54 -56 -86 '87 -83 '87 -90 -87 '85 "82 -80 79 "81 -74 -68 '63 -57 -54 -53 -50 '49 '50 '50 
 
 690 
 
 19 
 
 52 -57 '80 77 "80 79 -82 -86 -88 "85 '82 -80 78 75 -71 -64 -60 -56 -58 -52 -49 "46 -47 '59 
 
 685 
 
 ^ v>r 
 
 67 "71 '83 '80 '81 78 76 77 -79 
 
 
 EH Sr 
 s ** 
 
 78 -77 79 -81 '80 -76 72 -68 -59 -52 -48 '50 '45 -41 '43 
 
 684 
 
 2 22 
 
 45 -50 '66 -74 '73 -68 "65 -61 -67 '71 '75 -75 -76 75 75 72 "69 -66 -59 -57 -58 '58 '54 -55 
 
 652 
 
 & 23 
 
 59 -64 '65 -70 '74 -71 71 '66 '69 -70 70 72 -74 -76 70 -63 -56 -51 -46 -42 -40 '41 -41 -41 
 
 609 
 
 5 24 
 
 61 -68 73 -77 79 '81 78 .77 -73 '73 73 -72 71 -73 -71 -64 -60 -C.3 -47 -44 -42 -42 -41 -40 
 
 643 
 
 w 25 
 
 56 -63 -70 74 76 78 79 -75 "71 70 '69 -68 -68 -66 -65 -55 -51 -48 -46 -43 -45 '40 -41 '59 
 
 615 
 
 26 
 
 67 -82 -82 -84 '85 '81 -84 -88 -84 "83 "82 -81 -81 -79 76 70 '67 '61 -57 -52 -53 "49 '46 -46 
 
 717 
 
 27 
 
 47 -60 "71 78 '84 '91 '91 '86 -82 
 
 
 1 
 
 28 
 
 76 -69 -69 70 '68 '69 73 -74 -74 -69 -62 '58 '56 -52 -55 
 
 702 
 
 29 
 
 57 -61 '65 -66 -67 -66 71 73 74 -75 -76 -75 -75 -75 -69 -63 '59 '56 -51 -41 -37 "36 -32 '31 
 
 605 
 
 30 
 
 33 -43 -49 -53 '54 '60 "63 -62 -64 -64 -64 -66 -68 -67 '66 -58 -52 -53 -49 -43 -43 -43 -42 -44 
 
 543 
 
 Means | 0-613 '663 -732 -766 -784 -781 '791 -787 "785 -790 -790 '788 -790 -790 -751 -690 -647 -615 -574 -548 -537 -535 '537 -562,0-694 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In, In. In. In. In. In In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 In. 
 
 1 
 
 0-8(17 0-909 0-946 0'915 0'934 0'934 CT917 0'912 0'8G9 O'8/O 0'870 0'866 0'862 0789 0722 0712 0701 0'697 0'699 0'694 0718 0791 0775 0'808 
 
 0-824 
 
 ^ 
 
 775 -800 -855 '877 -879 '794 -821 -872 '859 -846 -832 -832 -832 -799 -768 -749 -760 '764 -749 '717 -705 -697 -782 -830 
 
 800 
 
 5 
 
 856 -853 -859 '886 '891 -893 -879 -875 '871 '844 -816 -812 -808 -838 -855 -820 -818 '809 -823 "853 -917 -861 "868 '910 
 
 855 
 
 t 
 
 909 -929 -942 -939 -951 -943 -948 -908 '851 -788 -725 724 -723 -778 766 761 '800 '825 784 772 -838 -902 -900 -914 
 
 847 
 
 K. 
 <) 
 
 910 -772 -856 '885 -913 -949 -959 -923 '879 -885 -891 -849 -808 -783 -782 -803 -841 -841 -856 -878 "867 -807 '847 "854 
 
 860 
 
 6 
 
 891 -920 -915 '887 '881 '871 -875 -856 -878 - _______ 
 
 
 
 55 7 
 
 901 -923 -915 -907 -922 -934 -928 "887 -842 '894 -946 -933 -931 "909 -907 
 
 902 
 
 2 8 
 
 908 -917 -911 -923 -926 -912 -907 "917 '915 '909 -902 -906 -911 -914 -926 -920 '921 '888 '845 '878 "907 -925 -934 -927 
 
 910 
 
 a 9 
 
 934 -943 -939 -927 -926 -932 -918 -906 '887 "912 -937 -847 '758 -766 -794 -830 -903 -951 -968 -995 -983 -958 roio roos 
 
 914 
 
 fc 10 
 
 923 -958 -943 -941 -988 '987 -985 -961 '933 '927 -921 -887 '853 '810 -801 -814 -811 -817 '834 "893 '913 '899 0-889 0'8"3 
 
 896 
 
 5 n 
 
 879 -856 -880 -883 -893 -832 -881 -893 '869 '871 '873 -868 '863 -864 -916 -931 '918 -938 -950 '949 -912 -928 "945 '962 
 
 898 
 
 1 12 
 
 974 -964 '954 -955 -958 '845 794 -791 '796 "811 -825 -819 -814 -800 '820 '820 '830 -830 "832 -820 -841 -921 '938 '904 
 
 861 
 
 ri 13 
 
 915 -919 774 774 797 '828 -830 "833 '796 - 
 
 
 
 t> 14 
 
 829 -861 -857 -853 -864 "892 -900 -874 -839 -857 '879 '884 -907 '875 -904 
 
 856 
 
 C I* 
 
 PL, 1& 
 
 922 -948 -946 -931 '925 '933 -944 -925 '901 '873 -845 -825 -805 -780 "795 -815 -821 -839 -828 '833 771 797 "812 "837 
 
 860 
 
 3 16 
 
 854 -878 -940 -935 -865 '885 '885 -796 753 '759 764 756 -749 -786 -794 -815 -816 -795 -801 "797 -802 -824 '792 '808 
 
 819 
 
 > 17 
 
 792 -831 '818 '824 -814 '764 -775 '772 '781 779 -777 -767 -757 '785 701 713 -710 716 726 738 730 -738 '696 -730 
 
 760 
 
 PN 18 
 
 748 740 731 "825 -830 "814 '853 '863 '841 "822 -802 778 754 -755 -753 775 -812 -780 -761 -778 757 766 '773 791 
 
 788 
 
 19 
 
 781 -811 -886 -820 -830 'b34 -836 -&76 '889 '863 -837 -816 -796 -762 -751 -752 -768 '772 '809 785 787 766 787 782 
 
 808 
 
 !? 20 
 
 848 -859 "892 '861 '862 '835 791 "795 "795 - 
 
 
 f-i 6t\J 
 
 21 
 
 808 -821 -814 -808 -781 '758 -779 -805 '782 -730 -706 760 -721 '682 '701 
 
 791 
 
 22 
 
 704 -727 -789 '846 -838 "786 -753 -700 '728 756 -784 774 764 762 '759 -795 -795 -784 753 -728 729 762 '723 -730 
 
 761 
 
 1 23 
 
 768 -828 -811 '826 -849 '817 -790 '732 '748 743 -737 -735 -734 -738 "777 -803 761 "761 734 "687 '674 718 734 726 
 
 760 
 
 (H 24 
 
 841 -887 -894 '923 -923 '927 '884 -862 "816 '809 -802 763 724 719 783 '811 799 '888 750 718 '683 721 726 711 
 
 807 
 
 25 
 
 825 -876 -877 '898 '902 '918 '932 "870 '826 797 767 765 764 732 722 713 721 706 723 701 755 -695 743 '841 
 
 795 
 
 2(i 
 
 881 -879 -859 '856 -848 "819 '848 "883 "849 '843 -837 '827 -818 789 '817 '826 '842 '842 '800 772 -834 787 781 '775 
 
 830 
 
 27 
 
 757 '871 '918 '913 '961 '97 "891 '855 '813 - 
 
 
 f 
 
 28 
 
 779 744 740 -737 713 717 767 772 781 766 763 732 763 739 773 
 
 801 
 
 29 
 
 7.5(i 765 784 778 774 752 772 758 756 760 764 757 -751 735 717 708 707 741 741 '640 -620 '615 -580 -540 
 
 720 
 
 30 
 
 579 -693 741 726 709 738 773 787 776 754 731 -732 734 706 712 '667 -649 "673 -658 '639 -656 '652 -655 '696 
 
 702 
 
 Means 0-838 '859 -872 -876 -880 -864 -863 -851 -834 -828 '823 -809 '796 -787 -790 '797 "802 -804 -795 -791 "796 -802 -804 '815 | 0-824 
 
 * The numbers in those columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Jdttingen - 
 Mean Time J 
 
 Soon I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 16 
 
 17 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 ] 
 
 }ailyant 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 fean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 441 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 
 
 h. m. 
 18.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. 
 18.41 20.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. 
 21.41 1-1. 11 
 
 h. in. 
 23.il 
 
 h. m. 
 0.41 
 
 h. m. 
 1.41 
 
 h. m. 
 2.41 
 
 h. m. 
 3.11 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR JULY 1857 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0-45 0-48 0-58 0'62 0-65 0'68 0'73 0'80 0'80 0*77 073 073 073 0'69 0'67 0'56 0'53 
 65 77 75 79 77 75 74 -80 77 78 78 '81 "84 "84 75 -69 -61 
 67 -66 76 74 75 78 78 -83 -80 76 71 71 71 75 70 -63 "58 
 
 0-49 0-45 
 56 -53 
 53 -47 
 
 0-41 
 50 
 45 
 
 0-40 
 47 
 43 
 
 0-40 
 49 
 43 
 
 0-38 
 49 
 39 
 
 0-38 
 50 
 51 
 
 0-588 
 685 
 047 
 
 626 
 577 
 681 
 646 
 664 
 679 
 
 696 
 638 
 599 
 601 
 657 
 -675 
 
 694 
 720 
 760 
 775 
 765 
 758 
 
 824 
 868 
 800 
 818 
 752 
 758 
 
 O9 DO o/ /* 7o o4 o4 oo o4 
 ----_____ 74-64-65 '66 '64 
 41 -44 -49 -75 -75 -77 -78 76 '67 -67 '67 -66 '66 '65 
 60 -62 -64 -84 -80 78 -79 -SO -86 -87 '88 '81 '75 '76 
 59 75 -79 78 77 79 78 77 74 -75 76 -70 '64 '65 
 72 -69 -69 73 79 78 79 -75 77 75 73 -74 -76 77 
 64 -69 -66 70 78 -75 -72 -72 '83 -83 '82 '81 "80 79 
 
 66 
 68 
 70 
 64 
 73 
 75 
 
 60 '58 
 56 -50 
 64 -57 
 59 -53 
 63 -60 
 65 -60 
 
 52 -48 
 49 -45 
 51 '46 
 50 -48 
 55 -53 
 57 -54 
 
 43 
 43 
 44 
 44 
 50 
 51 
 
 43 
 40 
 47 
 44 
 50 
 46 
 
 40 
 40 
 56 
 53 
 50 
 46 
 
 42 
 41 
 61 
 53 
 47 
 55 
 
 38 
 39 
 58 
 57 
 46' 
 66 
 
 O4 'DO /4 // /o 79 154 yj. 9.5 
 
 ----__-__ -86 78 77 76 76 
 57 -61 -70 72 76 78 78 76 78 -74 70 70 71 '69 
 42 -44 -51 -68 71 78 '80 -82 -83 77 71 71 72 71 
 45 -59 -68 -66 -74 -81 77 -75 -68 '67 -66 -66 -67 '63 
 56 -65 76 76 -77 -77 -78 '83 -80 -82 -84 -80 '76 '68 
 60 71 72 77 77 -77 -78 '80 '82 '81 79 "81 '83 79 
 
 75 
 69 
 67 
 61 
 64 
 70 
 
 72 -64 
 64 -60 
 61 -58 
 57 -52 
 61 -57 
 61 -56 
 
 59 -53 
 57 -54 
 50 -47 
 50 -44 
 51 -48 
 52 -48 
 
 49 
 49 
 43 
 42 
 45 
 42 
 
 48 
 44 
 39 
 41 
 41 
 47 
 
 44 
 46 
 36 
 50 
 46 
 49 
 
 51 
 
 47 
 37 
 52 
 48 
 56 
 
 57 
 42 
 38 
 52 
 58 
 61 
 
 oy <z /y /o it it /4 ti to 
 ------- -81-83 -79 76 -76 
 67 -70 79 -81 -80 -76 -81 -80 -79 -78 76 79 '82 -83 
 68 72 -75 76 79 -80 -82 -80 76 -81 '85 '86 '87 '88 
 71 77 79 -81 -82 -84 -84 -84 -84 -83 -82 '88 -95 -90 
 68 74 74 79 -80 -83 '83 -86 -87 -88 -89 '88 "87 -86 
 70 -78 -81 -83 -83 -88 -87 -87 -86 -87 '88 '87 "86 -87 
 
 R^ -RR -7^ -77 .en -89 -89 -8n -89 
 
 76 
 84 
 86 
 87 
 83 
 82 
 
 68 -61 
 83 70 
 85 -84 
 79 74 
 74 -68 
 75 -67 
 
 53 '50 
 67 '60 
 80 '68 
 67 '68 
 62 '64 
 65 '62 
 
 46 
 50 
 62 
 66 
 75 
 58 
 
 52 
 47 
 60 
 58 
 65 
 55 
 
 59 
 55 
 60 
 65 
 63 
 53 
 
 63 
 56 
 63 
 65 
 65 
 62 
 
 64 
 64 
 61 
 66 
 66 
 61 
 
 --------- -86-90-88 -87 -89 
 90 -88 -91 -89 -89 -87 -91 -93 -97 -96 -94 -94 -95 -93 
 69 -73 78 -81 -83 '87 '89 -89 -90 -90 -89 -88 '87 -89 
 82 -82 -87 -87 -91 -91 -94 -92 -90 -90 -89 '88 -88 -87 
 78 -84 -85 -83 -84 -87 -85 -82 -75 -76 -76 '79 -82 -77 
 60 -69 72 -80 76 -85 '91 '98 '82 -83 -83 "84 -85 -86 
 
 90 
 93 
 87 
 86 
 79 
 82 
 
 89 -87 
 90 -87 
 80 79 
 83 76 
 78 -66 
 76 72 
 
 86 -84 
 85 -80 
 74 72 
 75 -68 
 66 -65 
 67 -64 
 
 79 
 
 77 
 68 
 65 
 60 
 63 
 
 79 
 71 
 
 69 
 62 
 59 
 62 
 
 81 
 70 
 69 
 60 
 59 
 64 
 
 84 
 71 
 68 
 67 
 74 
 58 
 
 88 
 72 
 73 
 83 
 .65 
 76 
 
 Means (0-634 -684 -729 770 -785 -803 -812 -824 -814 -807 '794 -791 -791 '782 
 
 759 
 
 700 -647 
 
 607 -570 
 
 537 
 
 518 
 
 536 
 
 560 
 
 589 
 
 0702 
 
 TENSION OF VAPOUR JULY 1857 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 
 ie 
 
 17 
 
 is 
 
 1 
 
 2( 
 21 
 2i 
 2? 
 24 
 2i 
 2f 
 2' 
 2! 
 2J 
 3( 
 31 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 0-693 0-687 0756 0762 0788 0785 0'839 0'876 0'860 0'820 0'780 0766 0753 0715 
 
 834 -916 -855 -907 -860 -845 -847 -861 '821 -806 791 799 -807 -818 
 878 -846 -896 '857 -858 -882 -857 -902 -874 -819 763 752 742 762 
 
 789 -ft^T 'RAO 8Q'', 'Q19 'Q1 ^ -BAH -R7fi '870 
 
 In. 
 
 0-698 
 
 770 
 733 
 
 In In. 
 
 0-668 0-667 
 
 767 750 
 721 727 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-658 0'B59 
 
 729 724 
 722 -698 
 
 In. 
 
 0-605 
 
 729 
 722 
 
 In. 
 0-673 
 
 763 
 720 
 
 In. 
 
 0712 
 
 766 
 776 
 
 In. 
 
 0-698 
 
 771 
 707 
 
 In. 
 0-691 
 
 793 
 811 
 
 In. 
 
 0736 
 805 
 793 
 
 761 
 
 758 
 821 
 805 
 818 
 820 
 
 815 
 787 
 744 
 753 
 797 
 816 
 
 846 
 863 
 852 
 866 
 856 
 867 
 
 844 
 804 
 785 
 805 
 793 
 789 
 
 ------ -792 -711 710 710 -699 
 653 705 722 -914 -903 -909 '896 -874 -812 785 -758 -734 -710 701 
 840 -823 -821 -901 -909 -881 '878 -889 -921 -900 -879 '818 757 -765 
 826 -918 -914 -902 '886 -891 -884 -856 -811 '808 '805 757 710 723 
 913 -869 -826 '866 '923 "896 -887 -828 '827 '804 -780 786 793 -809 
 863 -851 -800 -834 '903 -857 '819 -806 -868 -852 '836 '819 -802 '801 
 
 Rfil -834, -887 '8QR -BQA '887 '879 .Qfta .8J.1 
 
 710 
 761 
 764 
 730 
 816 
 808 
 
 689 727 
 697 -694 
 754 750 
 730 732 
 
 759 787 
 787 782 
 
 697 -692 
 709 718 
 721 715 
 726 742 
 767 784 
 801 790 
 
 675 
 708 
 719 
 741 
 755 
 788 
 
 678 
 712 
 775 
 762 
 768 
 760 
 
 677 
 695 
 831 
 820 
 828 
 736 
 
 690 
 722 
 
 874 
 842 
 798 
 821 
 
 637 
 710 
 821 
 816 
 756 
 893 
 
 -812 783 -774 "766 -766 
 831 -811 -879 -859 '895 -884 -883 -846 '853 -812 -771 -759 -747 -741 
 682 -680 727 -825 -824 -882 -900 -904 -892 '831 769 750 732 -724 
 710 -817 -873 -848 '874 -920 '882 -842 760 743 725 717 710 -675 
 778 -834 -899 -876 -888 -878 -881 -898 '845 -859 -872 -831 791 728 
 830 -886 -854 "896 '854 -819 -839 1 -861 -864 '846 "828 -833 '839 -799 
 913 '910 '927 '886 '876 '880 '847 '849 '852 
 
 780 
 742 
 723 
 667 
 
 725 
 758 
 
 791 -811 
 749 762 
 706 725 
 672 -670 
 718 720 
 766 750 
 
 779 769 
 751 7?6 
 694 -685 
 686 -656 
 709 -690 
 749 750 
 
 746 
 709 
 666 
 681 
 701 
 681 
 
 766 
 689 
 638 
 G57 
 684 
 752 
 
 739 
 717 
 618 
 756 
 730 
 786 
 
 809 
 750 
 634 
 765 
 752 
 852 
 
 824 
 700 
 648 
 774 
 834 
 900 
 
 --------- -872 -892 -839 786 792 
 i -873 -864 -914 '913 '903 -87] 907 -890 -871 -836 -801 -811 '821 -814 
 882 -895 -886 -886 '892 -899 -919 -889 -846 -840 -833 '816 799 787 
 ! -888 -886 -876 -884 -879 -907 -885 -870 -878 -872 -865 -842 '820 -780 
 ! -868 -871 -809 -821 -823 -832 '827 -823 -839 -849 -858 '855 '853 -845 
 t -855 -911 -895 -895 '889 -917 -913 -909 -914 -902 -889 -856 '824 -827 
 > '850 -838 -854 -859 '885 '918 -910 -890 '897 
 
 817 
 827 
 790 
 805 
 898 
 821 
 
 819 -820 
 868 -884 
 814 -836 
 827 -843 
 884 -845 
 839 -839 
 
 771 784 
 899 -873 
 840 -836 
 822 -875 
 855 -913 
 833 -861 
 
 746 
 814 
 831 
 933 
 
 898 
 852 
 
 812 
 
 808 
 845 
 862 
 891 
 817 
 
 862 
 871 
 851 
 901 
 867 
 820 
 
 876 
 895 
 881 
 898 
 865 
 876 
 
 871 
 890 
 846 
 882 
 845 
 850 
 
 i _______ -838 779 776 773 793 
 ' -881 -863 -862 -827 -806 -773 -760 767 763 766 768 775 783 777 
 S 759 762 787 794 794 792 -803 -798 780 774 767 -758 749 754 
 ) '851 '827 779 778 -814 -809 -839 -820 -802 798 793 789 786 772 
 ) -875 -900 -879 -852 "842 -853 -842 -784 -722 -720 -718 -727 '736 708 
 757 -801 773 -806 770 793 '822 -858 758 761 764 770 777 769 
 
 821 
 785 
 771 
 
 770 
 727 
 784 
 
 809 -827 
 800 -827 
 776 -807 
 792 791 
 735 752 
 799 -806 
 
 835 -844 
 839 -825 
 784 -811 
 832 -802 
 779 787 
 771 769 
 
 845 
 817 
 791 
 795 
 788 
 803 
 
 827 
 786 
 788 
 804 
 825 
 801 
 
 856 
 795 
 812 
 822 
 818 
 819 
 
 871 
 809 
 846 
 816 
 827 
 731 
 
 864 
 833 
 
 786 
 848 
 830 
 866 
 
 Means 
 
 0-823 -839 -844 -861 -864 -866 '862 '857 '839 -819 -799 -786 773 765 
 
 770 
 
 768 775 
 
 769 770 
 
 763 
 
 765 
 
 788 
 
 803 
 
 808 1 0-807 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 85 
 
 1 
 
 HUMIDITY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE AIR 
 
 AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 
 Gottinircn 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 
 
 23 
 
 Daily and 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. 
 
 l.ll 
 
 h. m. 
 
 5.41 
 
 h. m 
 li.ll 
 
 h. m. h. m. 
 
 7.41 B.H 
 
 ll. m. 
 
 ii.n 
 
 ii. m. 
 
 10.41 
 
 h. m. 
 11.41 
 
 h.m. 
 12.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. , h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h m h m 
 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.4l' 2.41' 
 
 h. m. 
 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 o . i 
 
 r* 8 
 s ]1 
 
 5 12 
 ? 13 
 M 14 
 3 15 
 
 B S 
 
 H 18 
 '* 19 
 20 
 ^ 21 
 C 22 
 23 
 & 24 
 25 
 W 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0-76 
 
 71 
 70 
 69 
 65 
 
 70 
 45 
 
 40 
 63 
 61 
 70 
 41 
 46 
 
 40 
 41 
 52 
 67 
 65 
 69 
 
 68 
 68 
 57 
 64 
 66 
 64 
 
 63 
 
 078 
 
 74 
 70 
 79 
 68 
 79 
 48 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 80 
 51 
 51 
 
 53 
 58 
 61 
 70 
 67 
 69 
 
 69 
 73 
 69 
 67 
 68 
 68 
 
 69 
 
 0-84 
 
 -Si' 
 
 77 
 82 
 -76 
 88 
 52 
 
 56 
 73 
 74 
 84 
 64 
 55 
 
 61 
 64 
 
 65 
 77 
 72 
 73 
 
 77 
 77 
 74 
 74 
 70 
 .74 
 
 74 
 
 0-83 0'80 
 
 84 -86 
 80 -83 
 83 -80 
 78 79 
 86 -86 
 64 -65 
 
 66 -52 
 75 79 
 
 78 78 
 83 -84 
 75 -49 
 57 -58 
 
 67 -66 
 73 -86 
 64 -65 
 
 79 79 
 73 78 
 
 84 -84 
 
 78 '82 
 80 76 
 73 71 
 73 70 
 75 71 
 75 -63 
 
 78 77 
 
 0-89 
 
 88 
 86 
 84 
 
 84 
 87 
 75 
 
 62 
 78 
 80 
 85 
 55 
 .55 
 
 72 
 
 89 
 78 
 82 
 71 
 
 87 
 
 83 
 76 
 
 70 
 71 
 79 
 61 
 
 77 
 
 0'84 
 
 88 
 86 
 84 
 86 
 87 
 77 
 
 55 
 82 
 80 
 87 
 55 
 56 
 
 75 
 87 
 77 
 80 
 80 
 85 
 
 84 
 76 
 73 
 77 
 75 
 58 
 
 82 
 
 0-81 
 
 90 
 86 
 83 
 86 
 86 
 78 
 
 55 
 83 
 79 
 86 
 
 58 
 55 
 
 78 
 92 
 76 
 76 
 84 
 91 
 
 84 
 81 
 71 
 87 
 73 
 65 
 
 79 
 
 0-81 
 
 84 
 86 
 92 
 79 
 80 
 
 56 
 
 84 
 74 
 87 
 61 
 55 
 
 81 
 
 78 
 72 
 78 
 81 
 
 80 
 86 
 71 
 77 
 77 
 69 
 
 77 
 
 * * 
 
 
 0767 
 753 
 730 
 728 
 692 
 679 
 
 595 
 543 
 658 
 651 
 707 
 552 
 
 530 
 589 
 673 
 617 
 670 
 674 
 
 717 
 
 732 
 703 
 635 
 676 
 653 
 
 603 
 
 638 
 
 0-85 0-89 0-89 0'89 0'87 0'87 0'80 078 070 0'64 0-60 0-56 0-57 0'56 
 86 -87 -89 -92 -91 '80 "68 -64 '60 -59 -55 '52 -52 -61 
 85 -83 -82 -82 '80 76 71 -67 '60 '55 -52 -50 -54 -64 
 88 -84 -85 -86 -88 '83 71 -63 '55 '50 -50 -47 '46 '53 
 82 -84 -83 -83 -73 71 '64 -63 '60 '50 -49 -46 '46 -44 
 75 -69 -69 -69 -69 70 70 -62 -54 -53 -48 '46 '43 -43 
 
 77 75 75 75 -73 -64 '56 -52 -47 -46 -45 -45 -38 -39 
 57 "58 -59 -60 -66 -63 -57 -55 '48 '43 -44 -11 -40 -42 
 84 -83 76 70 -68 -68 -65 -57 -51 '48 '47 -46 '44 -45 
 72 -69 74 -80 79 '69 "60 '58 '51 -48 -45 '44 41 -42 
 86 '85 -83 -81 -80 74 -67 -61 -56 '53 -49 -45 -44 .43 
 62 -63 -64 -66 -68 '67 -59 -56 '53 -49 -45 -42 -40 -41 
 
 0-57 
 65 
 66 
 62 
 61 
 43 
 
 37 
 58 
 45 
 56 
 43 
 41 
 
 56 "57 -58 -60 -68 -61 '61 -56 '54 '50 -42 -39 -41 -41 
 72 -63 -63 -64 -63 -63 -62 -55 -52 '47 -45 -45 -44 -41 
 75 71 71 71 71 71 '68 .67 -60 '58 -56 -55 -51 '49 
 69 -66 -66 -67 -66 '63 '63 -55 -51 '50 -44 -48 -41 -60 
 80 -81 78 76 -74 '68 '62 -56 '52 '48 -44 -43 -41 -56 
 81 '80 78 77 75 '69 '64 -59 "54 '48 '45 -43 -51 -58 
 
 39 
 41 
 54 
 62 
 60 
 64 
 
 91 -86 -83 -80 76 73 67 -60 -55 -52 -47 -45 -54 -54 
 82 -83 -85 -88 -87 "84 75 '61 '56 -54 -51 -55 -61 62 
 88 -89 -88 -87 '85 '81 75 '66 -57 -50 '48 "47 '43 -42 
 72 73 73 74 -69 '68 -60 '53 '49 '46 '44 -42 -56 53 
 80 -82 -81 -80 -81 74 72 -66 '53 '48 '44 -42 -48 -50 
 79 '80 -80 -81 72 -68 79 -54 -56 '48 '40 -37 '37 -45 
 
 60 
 67 
 48 
 62 
 61 
 57 
 
 70 70 -69 -69 -65 -66 -60 -53 -47 -47 "42 -39 -47 -50 
 72 -67 -67 -67 -64 -63 -59 -55 -51 -46 -45 '40 -40 '58 
 
 56 
 61 
 
 Means, o-fioi. 
 
 671 
 
 722 
 
 755 741 
 
 771 
 
 775 
 
 786 
 
 777 
 
 772 760 757 759 745 709 -660 "597 '543 '504 -472 -454 -462 -497 
 
 548 1 0-660 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 r s 
 
 CO ^ 
 
 p 10 
 
 H 
 
 5 12 
 13 
 
 ^ 14 
 15 
 16 
 < 17 
 > 18 
 ^ 19 
 O ~20 
 * 21 
 22 
 So 23 
 
 i2i ->4 
 W yr; 
 
 H 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. 
 
 0-872 
 
 864 
 
 879 
 882 
 834 
 885 
 749 
 
 666 
 795 
 794 
 881 
 679 
 696 
 
 686 
 685 
 738 
 816 
 793 
 825 
 
 875 
 877 
 846 
 884 
 885 
 854 
 
 793 
 
 In. 
 
 0-877 
 
 867 
 850 
 921 
 842 
 864 
 735 
 
 781 
 814 
 833 
 
 892 
 767 
 
 728 
 
 758 
 780 
 784 
 834 
 816 
 794 
 
 838 
 860 
 875 
 839 
 845 
 845 
 
 829 
 
 In. 
 
 0-888 
 
 918 
 851 
 909 
 877 
 920 
 723 
 
 744 
 840 
 849 
 901 
 837 
 716 
 
 775 
 770 
 799 
 879 
 829 
 809 
 
 855 
 
 880 
 861 
 873 
 
 826 
 867 
 
 849 
 
 In.- In. 
 
 0-875 0-8.10 
 
 906 -920 
 880 -896 
 898 -897 
 887 -888 
 942 '920 
 807 794 
 
 818 '637 
 836 '853 
 866 -860 
 893 -901 
 893 -642 
 721 731 
 
 818 769 
 808 '845 
 748 -747 
 879 -855 
 832 -837 
 873 -863 
 
 857 -894 
 853 '807 
 850 -827 
 843 792 
 856 794 
 862 773 
 
 873 -854 
 
 In. In. 
 0-907 0-842 
 
 935 -937 
 911 -915 
 926 -908 
 92 I- '926 
 915 -912 
 845 -864 
 
 731 -655 
 847 -883 
 880 -874 
 903 -904 
 654 641 
 687 -6S2 
 
 827 '813 
 870 -86 L 
 837 '819 
 879 -854 
 785 -832 
 865 -856 
 
 886 -882 
 819 -813 
 808 775 
 812 '846 
 859 -811 
 741 703 
 
 856 -892 
 
 In. 
 0-814 
 
 948 
 899 
 889 
 926 
 899 
 865 
 
 642 
 869 
 85 ! 
 
 876 
 674 
 663 
 
 834 
 893 
 
 818 
 818 
 842 
 864 
 
 870 
 839 
 769 
 909 
 
 788 
 751 
 
 857 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 0-794 
 0-828 0-861 0-853 0'845 0'825 0'8tl 0'859 0'858 0'849 0'824 0799 0'821 0'832 0'830 
 
 886 -881 -875 -886 '897 -876 '832 791 752 758 781 792 780 -810 '877 
 908 '885 -862 -835 '808 -776 799 '826 '809 774 768 757 769 '843 '900 
 953 :899 -844 '846 849 -842 '862 -807 767 717 '693 740 735 752 -80S 
 857 '867 '876 '856 '837 753 7<il 748 796 778 722 739 721 754 760 
 836 787 737 726 715 -692 734 789 769 731 716 736 751 737 736 
 
 In. 
 
 0-832 
 
 865 
 902 
 854 
 857 
 729 
 
 In. 
 
 0-844 
 860 
 846 
 842 
 824 
 799 
 
 735 
 
 677 
 
 777 
 777 
 816 
 699 
 
 691 
 731 
 
 774 
 753 
 781 
 
 777 
 
 804 
 837 
 813 
 773 
 792 
 776 
 
 733 
 
 769 
 
 647 
 857 
 784 
 886 
 702 
 661 
 
 856 
 810 
 778 
 829 
 833 
 
 831 
 867 
 770 
 808 
 821 
 779 
 
 826 
 
 823 789 785 782 729 '663 -645 '624 "628 "641 -662 '668 '634 652 
 649 -650 -634 -619 '641 '676 -654 '685 '653 '639 '648 '661 '665 "678 
 838 '819 769 720 '691 713 729 745 702 "681 711 744 743 748 
 737 -690 742 794 773 715 714 711 716 716 704 718 726 755 
 870 '853 -831 '809 775 766 760 762 743 748 737 721 725 724 
 699 '695 700 706 714 726 703 '698 '675 -683 '652 '648 '637 '679 
 
 672 
 
 780 
 707 
 838 
 716 
 665 
 
 658 -654 -668 -682 703 -688 709 723 708 717 -677 '660 '677 '693 
 775 -693 -686 '680 '664 -673 711 '663 '678 '678 "687 717 725 '696 
 777 743 743 744 736 737 734 -788 734 738 744 769 749 740 
 756 -733 -728 -724 706 '680 722 713 702 731 '694 778 726 '843 
 824 -818 792 766 735 713 712 716 700 -688 '693 704 '693 773 
 820 -806 787 768 732 723 729 720 '694 -682 '690 712 776 794 
 
 681 
 686 
 766 
 780 
 785 
 806 
 
 873 '862 -836 -810 765 780 -758 732 721 705 -697 717 790 789 
 835 '839 -832 -826 '805 '825 -873 772 758 759 770 '823 '844 "853 
 86:; -859 -844 -830 '805 '813 -842 797 765 731 759 759 734 720 
 779 78* 779 770 715 739 716 '675 -688 '670 -686 '690 798 '808 
 828 -847 -825 '803 -805 777 785 761 -685 '653 -658 '676 705 747 
 819 -816 -804 792 711 714 -915 '683 770 -676. 635 '605 '642 72o 
 
 836 
 
 874 
 7*2 
 864 
 851 
 830 
 
 754 729 719 709 -682 -696 -687 -654 -626 -683 -648 '640 700 725 
 790 754 744 734 -689 700 716 '692 -692 -676 -696 -644 -666 -835 
 
 773 
 
 804 
 
 Means 0-809 
 
 820 
 
 840 
 
 853 -824 
 
 843 
 
 835 
 
 833 
 
 820 
 
 804 788 779 770 744 744 755 733 717 708 708 717 734 765 
 
 790 j 0781 
 
 * The numbers in t 
 
 M'.-l 1 
 
 olunms arc not observed, hut interpolated for tin s:ilx nf obtaining the daily means. 
 
86 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY 
 
 OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottmgen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 G 
 
 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 
 
 21 22 
 
 23 
 
 Daily am 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Martrns 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. 
 4.41 
 
 li. m. 
 5.41 
 
 h. ui. 
 B.4I 
 
 h. m. 
 
 7.41 
 
 h m. 
 
 h. 11 
 
 h. m. 
 
 9.H 
 
 b. m. 
 
 Ki. tl 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 1). m. U. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. li. m. h. m. 
 11.41 12.41 13.H 14.41 16.41 18.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.11 23.41 0.41 
 
 }i. m. li. m. 
 
 i.n 2. n 
 
 h. in. 
 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 t- 4 
 
 i/5 
 00 
 
 6 
 
 03 7 
 
 8 
 
 a 9 
 
 g 10 
 11 
 
 H 1-7 
 
 <? 13 
 OS 14 
 - 15 
 
 16 
 
 H 17 
 
 W IR 
 EH lo 
 
 g 3 
 S S 
 
 3 23 
 
 a 24 
 
 g 25 
 S 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 0-61 
 62 
 62 
 62 
 65 
 
 65 
 61 
 64 
 65 
 60 
 59 
 
 64 
 
 78 
 67 
 64 
 54 
 49 
 
 70 
 73 
 73 
 72 
 73 
 75 
 
 70 
 
 72 
 84 
 
 0-72 
 67 
 67 
 66 
 
 68 
 
 73 
 
 73 
 64 
 69 
 156 
 66 
 
 67 
 
 79 
 68 
 72 
 63 
 74 
 
 77 
 77 
 80 
 78 
 78 
 79 
 
 71 
 
 77 
 81 
 
 076 
 76 
 73 
 69 
 72 
 
 75 
 75 
 69 
 73 
 71 
 74 
 
 67 
 83 
 74 
 71 
 69 
 77 
 
 79 
 82 
 83 
 81 
 80 
 82 
 
 76 
 83 
 81 
 
 0-78 
 78 
 77 
 70 
 76 
 
 . ^^ 
 / 1 
 
 79 
 69 
 73 
 
 74 
 
 77 
 
 73 
 
 84 
 75 
 77 
 74 
 76 
 
 81 
 83 
 
 85 
 84 
 85 
 84 
 
 80 
 81 
 
 85 
 
 0-80 
 79 
 
 78 
 77 
 74 
 
 77 
 78 
 70 
 70 
 77 
 80 
 
 82 
 83 
 85 
 86 
 80 
 75 
 
 81 
 
 84 
 88 
 86 
 86 
 
 84 
 
 84 
 78 
 84 
 
 0-81 
 81 
 78 
 79 
 75 
 
 78 
 77 
 70 
 76 
 75 
 80 
 
 80 
 83 
 84 
 82 
 84 
 79 
 
 84 
 85 
 87 
 87 
 87 
 88 
 
 85 
 88 
 
 87 
 
 0-80 
 82 
 76 
 80 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 73 
 73 
 74 
 
 77 
 80 
 
 80 
 85 
 
 82 
 88 
 82 
 80 
 
 84 
 88 
 86 
 86 
 86 
 76 
 
 87 
 88 
 
 88 
 
 0-80 0-80 0*80 0-80 0'81 82 0-84 0'84 0'74 0-61 O54 0'59 0'59 0'57 
 82 -82 -82 -82 -82 -82 -82 '80 -74 -71 '61 -58 -50 . -51 
 73 -78 '76 -74 -75 -77 -80 -79 '60 '61 '48 '43 '48 -50 
 80 -81 -81 '80 -81 -82 -87 '82 '70 '59 "58 '52 -45 -51 
 
 0-57 0-57 
 56 -50 
 48 -49 
 55 -60 
 
 0-58 
 55 
 58 
 61 
 
 0715 
 710 
 662 
 695 
 
 678 
 665 
 
 644 
 617 
 . -635 
 
 685 
 
 660 
 744 
 761 
 744 
 749 
 680 
 
 760 
 786 
 825 
 788 
 756 
 757 
 
 729 
 756 
 
 748 
 748 
 
 78 -76 -77 -79 -83 -81 '68 '62 -51 '44 '41 -53 
 77 -79 -79 -79 '80 -81 -87 -78 -64 -55 -52 "48 '43 -39 
 77 -72 -72 -72 -72 -72 -71 65 -59 -55 -50 -48 '46 43 
 75 -73 -74 -74 -73 -73 -66 -63 -61 -55 -53 '49 '42 -38 
 75 -71 -75 -78 '79 -80 -69 -66 -60 -51 -47 '42 "39 -46 
 78 -80 -81 -82 -82 -83 '85 -83 70 -58 -51 -42 '53 -53 
 
 55 -53 
 39 -36 
 40 -50 
 38 -41 
 46 -49 
 52 :>!- 
 
 60 
 55 
 60 
 55 
 52 
 57 
 
 63 
 
 75 
 67 
 57 
 55 
 48 
 
 69 
 67 
 73 
 64 
 69 
 69 
 
 65 
 70 
 67 
 46 
 
 10 /O 
 
 -75 -71 -71 -71 -75 66 '67 -63 '62 -50 '44 -41 
 79 -78 -79 -79 '80 "82 -85 -87 '86 -80 -68 '58 -53 -51 
 80 -82 -81 -80 -81 -83 -83 -82 '78 '72 -63 '60 '61 -63 
 92 -87 -85 -82 '81 '81 -81 -78 '79 -79 -71 '67 '64 -58 
 91 -85 -88 -90 -86 '83 -79 -80 -77 -71 -69 '65 -66 -59 
 86 -86 '86 -86 '83 -80 -74 73 '69 -62 -55 '51 -50 -48 
 '81 ~S 
 
 42 -51 
 
 64 -88 
 68 -68 
 55 -54 
 55 -58 
 45 -44 
 
 83 -84 -83 -82 -85 " -84 '83 78 -73 -74 -71 70 
 84 -85 -87 -88 -89 91 -94 -90 '80 75 -65 '63 73 71 
 91 -90 -91 -92 -92 '93 -91 -84 -82 -88 77 77 76 75 
 90 -90 -89 -88 "91 -94 -93 '88 79 -68 66 '58 -61 -65 
 87 -87 -88 -88 '87 -86 '85 -80 70 -64 -57 '52 '59 -58 
 85 -87 '86 -84 "82 -80 -83 -83 77 71 -63 '57 '51 -56 
 75 77 
 -82 -86 -84 -S3 '85 '82 76 -66 -59 -49 -48 -53 
 90 -91 -91 91 -90 -89 '86 79 74 -64 -59 '52 -53 -56 
 86 -88 '84 -80 '84 -88 '87 -83 77 -68 -60 '51 '52 "55 
 88 -87 -89 -91 -90 -89 -90 '88 76 70 '63 -56 -46 -47 
 
 66 -66 
 65 -63 
 66 70 
 64 -61 
 59 -65 
 61 -66 
 
 53 '59 
 60 -66 
 56 -63 
 
 47 -43 
 
 Means 
 
 0-663 
 
 720 
 
 758 
 
 783 
 
 802 
 
 815 
 
 817 
 
 823 -822 -824 -822 -822 '825 -827 795 727 -664 -598 '548 -536 '541 
 
 543 -571 
 
 613 1 0719 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 i 6 
 
 - 7 
 03 8 
 g 9 
 
 3 10 
 H 11 
 12 
 
 W 13 
 
 02 14 
 
 !e 
 g !? 
 
 SH 18 
 $ 19 
 20 
 
 fe 01 
 
 2l 
 to 22 
 23 
 24 
 fc 25 
 g 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 In. 
 0-795 
 
 824 
 848 
 855 
 873 
 
 842 
 821 
 825 
 864 
 820 
 802 
 
 836 
 905 
 816 
 731 
 666 
 700 
 
 853 
 881 
 895 
 '875 
 889 
 938 
 
 854 
 921 
 851 
 
 In. 
 
 0-860 
 
 831 
 863 
 836 
 
 847 
 
 885 
 891 
 799 
 831 
 821 
 836 
 
 839 
 907 
 825 
 825 
 735 
 869 
 
 866 
 886 
 904 
 887 
 898 
 929 
 
 817 
 940 
 
 805 
 
 In. 
 
 0-876 
 875 
 863 
 828 
 846 
 
 885 
 887 
 831 
 844 
 830 
 859 
 
 815 
 898 
 840 
 794 
 768 
 892 
 
 861 
 892 
 920 
 908 
 889 
 941 
 
 847 
 956 
 811 
 
 In. 
 
 0'881 
 
 898 
 879 
 827 
 -870 
 
 879 
 898 
 818 
 820 
 840 
 876 
 
 823 
 897 
 840 
 828 
 800 
 840 
 
 871 
 902 
 916 
 931 
 924 
 945 
 
 865 
 924 
 833 
 
 In. 
 
 0-889 
 
 894 
 898 
 880 
 847 
 
 857 
 872 
 826 
 775 
 839 
 889 
 
 824 
 890 
 912 
 905 
 831 
 836 
 
 869 
 90S 
 923 
 939 
 935 
 941 
 
 875 
 898 
 829 
 
 In. 
 
 0-899 
 
 901 
 
 883 
 884 
 834 
 
 866 
 879 
 826 
 846 
 814 
 897 
 
 802 
 868 
 900 
 861 
 
 842 
 857 
 
 878 
 903 
 909 
 940 
 !)40 
 959 
 
 865 
 978 
 855 
 
 In. 
 
 0-889 
 
 900 
 862 
 886 
 851 
 
 889 
 899 
 837 
 830 
 831 
 871 
 
 802 
 865 
 879 
 832 
 854 
 859 
 
 870 
 930 
 899 
 927 
 930 
 764 
 
 871 
 955 
 
 848 
 
 * * 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. hi. In. 
 
 0-889 0-891 0-879 0'867 0-863 0'860 0'878 0'900 0'867 0790 0740 813 0'824 0'831 
 
 912 -894 -891 '888 -886 -885 -894 -890 -873 788 771 -760 719 767 
 837 -874 -853 '831 -829 '827 '853 '852 735 789 '658 -639 761 743 
 891 -877 -859 '840 -852 '864 -879 '877 -850 743 754 710 -667 781 
 854 '859 - 
 
 In. In. 
 0-807 0'83i> 
 
 809 754 
 730 732 
 796 -854 
 
 In. 
 
 0-808 
 
 795 
 812 
 
 872 
 
 In. 
 
 0-851 
 846 
 810 
 832 
 
 821 
 
 806 
 787 
 757 
 742 
 804 
 
 782 
 803 
 817 
 804 
 789 
 76!) 
 
 843 
 870 
 906 
 891 
 860 
 881 
 
 826 
 826 
 862 
 795 
 
 837 '814 -807 '800 '845 '877 -842 '829 750 -686 -673 '805 
 865 -857 -863 '868 -865 -863 -903 '853 747 '694 719 703 -685 '656 
 879 -806 795 783 70 778 761 702 '685 705 '669 -680 700 706 
 857 -838 '839 "840 -817 794 704 -673 -665 -648 '675 '670 -629 -630 
 822 775 786 796 785 775 '672 -685 -662 '626 '628 '606 -595 -680 
 842 -861 -864 "867 -853 '839 ''833 '839 -828 730 '695 -628 766 757 
 857 -853 
 
 821 797 
 654 -648 
 683 798 
 634 -681 
 658 714 
 737 759 
 
 839 
 786 
 830 
 816 
 7-10 
 799 
 
 852' 
 873 
 825 
 724 
 687 
 690 
 
 821 788 774 761 794 717 723 '693 735 -650 '660 -641 
 788 746 759 772 762 753 792 -825 -850 '836 -808 753 747 762 
 832 -821 -802 783 7f4 786 -809 798 -S13 '806 745 714 736 725 
 893 -825 -816 '806 -800 794 778 747 756 793 779 786 775 759 
 855 -824 -835 '846 -816 786 770 775 768 758 767 754 767 735 
 879 -876 -874 '871 '850 -830 756 744 742 739 '688 -670 '691 -695 
 863 -859 
 
 665 759 
 805 -911 
 773 -815 
 735 711 
 692 720 
 692 -671 
 
 851 -842 -831 -820 '805 -807 -814 -824 -837 -875 '886 -884 
 871 -865 -874 '883 '884 -885 '921 -922 -890 -867 -814 -802 -885 -888 
 944 -919 -914 909 '913 -918 -920 -900 -894 -911 -8fcO -940 -943 -885 
 931 -916 -900 -884 -903 -922 '920 -913 -887 -853 -fe60 "815 -876 -896 
 925 -915 -913 '911 -896 -882 "836 792 769 752 734 728 -838 -801 
 916 -909 -891 '872 '849 -826 '846 -869 -886 '871 -852 -830 772 -825 
 762 773 - 
 
 842 -8(12 
 870 -832 
 854 -891 
 891 -825 
 793 -866 
 885 -930 
 
 869 
 850 
 903 
 831 
 879 
 912 
 
 792 '810 798 786 -813 -802 797 784 767 713 701 772 
 882 -891 -866 '841 -815 789 760 -745 7(i4 -744 763 710 794 -822 
 920 -911 -857 -802 -819 -836 "803 -814 '826 '833 791 738 781 -816 
 829 -827 -832 '836 -829 -822 '824 -814 766 797 '812 776 -686 727 
 
 807 -835 
 845 -8! >2 
 835 -SSI 
 698 -662 
 
 770 794 
 
 904 
 909 
 847 
 719 
 
 822 
 
 Means 0-838 
 
 855 
 
 S(>4 
 
 870 
 
 876 
 
 880 
 
 870 
 
 869 -856 -849 '840 -833 -826 -822 -813 -796 777 757 736 752769 
 
 0-822 
 
 * The numbers in 
 
 these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 87 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 
 
 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 I), in. h. m. li. in. h. in. h. in. li.ra. h in. h.ra. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m h. m hm h. m h n 
 4.41 5.11 (Ul 7.41 8.41 8.41 10.41 11. H 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.4l' 2.41 3.41 
 
 oa 
 o 
 
 H 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 2 ! 
 3 r 
 4; 
 5] 
 8 
 7 
 8! 
 9 
 
 10 
 11 
 12, 
 
 15: 
 
 16| 
 17, 
 
 0-63 0-72 0-77 0-84 0'84 
 
 61 -70 -75 -77 -82 
 
 76 -78 -83 "88 '91 
 
 70 -74 -79 -79 -82 
 
 68 -71 -77 -75 "80 
 
 72 -74 .74 -75 77 
 
 69 -72 -73 .74 -76 
 
 69 -74 -75 '76 '76 
 
 67 -69 -72 -72 '75 
 
 91 -92 -93 '92 "95 
 
 90 -92 -94 -91 -93 
 
 82 -87 -89 -91 -91 
 
 94 -93 -95 -96 -95 
 
 80 '84 -86 -86 -91 
 
 80 -85 -86 -91 -94 
 
 p 
 
 I I 
 
 w 
 
 19 -80 
 
 20 79 
 
 2lj -84 
 
 22 -85 
 
 23 -87 
 
 24 -96 
 
 25 - 
 
 26 
 
 94 
 
 27 -85 
 28) -84 
 
 29 
 30 
 
 73 
 
 74 
 
 82 -81 
 
 83 -82 
 
 84 -83 
 
 87 -83 
 
 88 -90 
 
 95 -98 
 
 95 -94 
 
 87 -92 
 
 88 -90 
 
 79 -84 
 
 81 -85 
 
 -85 -88 
 
 -'82 -90 
 
 -84 -85 
 
 -81 -81 
 
 -94 -96 
 
 '98 '98 
 
 -95 -94 
 
 -92 -92 
 
 '91 -91 
 
 -87 -90 
 
 -83 -87 
 
 0-87 
 86 
 85 
 
 82 
 77 
 78 
 77 
 79 
 76 
 
 95 
 92 
 91 
 97 
 91 
 95 
 
 84 
 91 
 96 
 81 
 95 
 97 
 
 98 
 90 
 89 
 91 
 83 
 
 0-89 0-92 0-92 
 
 87 '91 -93 
 
 87 -87 -88 
 
 84 -86 -86 
 
 78 '87 '84 
 
 80 -79 -86 
 
 78 -81 -81 
 
 81 -82 -85 
 
 77 -77 -83 
 
 94 -94 -93 
 
 91 -89 '83 
 
 94 -95 -91 
 
 96 -97 "97 
 
 93 -94 '95 
 
 98 -95 '96 
 
 86 -91 '92 
 
 93 -92 -94 
 
 92 -91 -96 
 
 82 -87 '89 
 
 96 -96 -95 
 
 98 -99 -98 
 
 98 -98 -98 
 
 89 -93 -91 
 
 92 -95 -95 
 
 93 -89 -90 
 
 88 -86 -87 
 
 0-92 0-92 0'89 0'87 0'89 0'90 0'84 0'69 0-61 0'57 0-51 0'52 0'57 0-53 0-55 
 95 -97 -96 -96 93 '91 -86 '83 '74 -69 -63 -66 -69 '73 -75 
 
 Dailyaiidj 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 0757 
 812 
 
 87 -86 -84 -83 -85 '81 -77 '72 -67 -62 '56 '61 -61 -69 70 777 
 
 87 -88 -88 -88 '91 '87 '80 70 -65 -58 '55 -47 '62 '63 72 i 760 
 
 85 -86 -86 -87 -89 '89 '83 75 70 -63 -62 -63 -62 '66 70 : 764 
 
 89 -91 -89 -88 -89 '89 "82 72 -66 -6.6 '65 -63 '65 -62 -65 765 
 
 82 -83 -85 -87 '89 '87 77 71 '68 -64 -66 -66 '63 '68 '68 j 752 
 
 86 -87 -87 -87 '88 '86 78 70 -68 -64 -62 -65 -62 '64 '65, 757 
 
 88 -92 -92 -92 '94 '91 -98 '95 '96 -91 -95 -93 -93 '94 -91' '860 
 
 92 -91 -91 -91 -93 -96 -96 -91 '89 -90- '86 '82 77 '84 '88 ' '907 
 
 86 -88 -87 -87 '89 -91 -88 -91 '92 -82 79 79 75 75 78 j '868 
 
 92 -93 -93 -93 '92 -95 -96 -94 '97 -95 -94 '95 -94 "93 '95 ' -926 
 
 96 -95 -95 -96 -95 -95 -90 '87 '87 -90 -92 -82 -82 "82 77 '917 
 
 95 -94 -94 -95 -97 '95 -96 -91 '88 '87 -80 78 77 77 77 ; '884 
 
 95 -94 -93 -93 -95 '93 -91 -84 77 "80 74 75 75 75 77 
 
 93 -93 -92 -91 '91 '94 -90 '88 '80 '75 -80 73 77 75 77 
 
 94 -93 -92 -91 -92 -94 -89 -88 '82 75 '83 75 74 76 -80 
 
 95 -94 -93 -93 '95 '91 -89 -88 '85 '89 '84 "86 -97 '96 -86 
 
 87 '85 '88 -91 -93 '95 -94 -89 -91 -84 '83 -82 -84 '83 '82 
 
 94 -92 -93 -95 '95 -98 '96 -94 -94 -97 '93 '94 -94 -95 -94 
 
 99 1-00 1-00 1-00 -98 '98 -98 -99 -98 '98 -98 -96 -98 -97 -97 
 
 99 0-99 0-96 0-94 -91 -90 "88 '89 -89 -84 '86 '92 -86 -86 '84 
 
 93 -94 -92 -91 -91 -91 -90 -81 78 78 74 72 
 
 95 -95 -94 -94 -95 -90 -85 '82 -69 '63 '57 '61 '64 -64 -68 
 
 91 -91 -93 -95 -96 -90 -87 "83 -73 -65 "63 '63 -60 -62 -69 
 
 89 -91 -90 -89 -88 -85 -82 -83 -82 78 74 75 74 73 70 
 
 871 
 849 
 860 
 898 
 861 
 940 
 
 980 
 924 
 
 77 77 -80| -862 
 830 
 815 
 824 
 
 Means j 0-700 '822 -842 '853 '875 "878 '890 -901 -907 -914 '917 -912 -913 '920 -912 -881 '838 -802 -771 752 745 -753 762 773 0-847 
 
 In. 
 
 0-858 
 
 792 
 909 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 5j -861 
 6 797 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In, In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 ci 
 p 
 
 o 
 
 CL 
 
 O 
 
 fc 
 
 o 
 
 h- ( 
 
 m 
 fc 
 
 a 
 
 881 
 824 
 848 
 813 
 
 10 
 
 11 - 
 
 12 -803 
 
 13 -890 
 141 -903 
 
 15 -804 
 
 16 -8:,3 
 
 17 -859 
 Ifl 
 lit -889 
 20; -847 
 21 -870 
 22; -827 
 23 -814 
 24! -813 
 25 
 
 26 
 27 
 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 834 
 811 
 
 849 
 729 
 727 
 
 0-907 
 
 878 
 890 
 
 867 
 835 
 858 
 829 
 852 
 789 
 
 818 
 825 
 875 
 793 
 862 
 880 
 
 864 
 868 
 865 
 847 
 813 
 798 
 
 846 
 832 
 873 
 749 
 754 
 
 0-918 
 
 885 
 902 
 
 891 
 
 843 
 813 
 851 
 799 
 
 817 
 833 
 859 
 793 
 851 
 873 
 
 831 
 853 
 839 
 816 
 807 
 821 
 
 839 
 '839 
 868 
 763 
 770 
 
 0-972 
 898 
 918 
 
 885 
 857 
 842 
 811 
 861 
 794 
 
 832 
 836 
 864 
 816 
 851 
 891 
 
 859 
 841 
 852 
 790 
 818 
 825 
 
 841 
 840 
 870 
 706 
 756 
 
 0-946 0-944 0'940 
 
 924 -942 -938 
 921 -841 -830 
 
 894 -877 -870 
 
 891 -862 -843 
 
 856 -851 -859 
 
 817 -822 -828 
 
 850 -853 -855 
 
 816 -818 -827 
 
 820 -811 -804 
 861 -846 -857 
 864 -849 -873 
 809 -824 -809 
 864 -866 -870 
 902 -897 -900 
 
 872 -811 -804 
 
 901 -895 -898 
 
 850 -904 798 
 
 800 795 -804 
 
 829 -820 -822 
 
 823 -811 -800 
 
 831 -852 -839 
 836 -828 '803 
 860 -827 -840. 
 780 764 765 
 771 742 774 
 
 0-947 
 944 
 
 820 
 
 870 
 886 
 850 
 848 
 853 
 823 
 
 796 
 823 
 
 881 
 798 
 872 
 872 
 
 842 
 874 
 816 
 825 
 816 
 804 
 
 847 
 827 
 841 
 725 
 759 
 
 0-955 
 
 695 
 
 828 
 
 858 
 849 
 850 
 815 
 836 
 868 
 
 788 
 787 
 810 
 798 
 868 
 863 
 
 844 
 873 
 841 
 844 
 806 
 796 
 
 '844 
 '810 
 825 
 732 
 771 
 
 0'9iU .0-893 0-860 0'827 0'844 0'8S7 0'900 0'824 0'803 0788 0770 0763 0'815 0758 0760 
 
 736 776 785 795 -801 '809 '855 '898 '881 '887 '837 "874 -912 -950 -902 
 
 840 -851 -818 786 -803 778 '803 '835 '842 -853 '811 '872 -856 '911 -888 
 
 843 -828 -821 -815 -830 '825 '830 "826 '835 -803 -809 '735 -849 -878 -898 
 
 850 -851 -852 '854 '865 '879 '905 '892 '889 '841 -861 '842 '839 -854 -884 
 
 857 -864 -849 -834 '831 '858 "867 -H55 '839 -854 -841 '822 '833 -802 -804 
 
 804 792 -SOI -811 '816 -825 "849 '856 '847 '851 -859 '864 -821 -845 '845 
 
 833 -830 -828 '827 '834 -824 '820 '811 '829 "831 '807 '833 -802 -840 -809 
 
 881 -893 
 785 782 
 798 -809 
 819 -827 
 796 793 
 857 -845 
 
 853 -824 -845 
 781 780 789 
 803 798 -830 
 820 '814 -818 
 796 '800 793 
 843 -841 -850 
 
 836 -855 
 811 -827 
 850 -883 
 825 -826 
 820 -838 
 838 -860 
 
 824 -827 767 
 830 -859 -878 
 891 -895 -944 
 818 -807 -809 
 878 '811 -848 
 864 '882 -909 
 
 793 '809 -827 
 899 -870 -848 
 921 -907 -876 
 809 -814 -818 
 907 -883 -900 
 897 '866 -894 
 
 836 -814 
 874 -887 
 870 -890 
 794 -814 
 897 -844 
 854 -856 
 
 851 -839 -826 '814 -838 '849 -891 '880 .878 -861 '867 '888 -878 -866 -866 
 850 -856 -846 '836 -809 -849 -834 -882 '881 -871 '883 '876 -878 -845 -856 
 865 -856 -847 '838 -826 '845 -855 -876 '888 '889 -928 '872 -867 -902 -893 
 816 790 784 -778 788 783 790 -806 787 -852 '823 '855 -943 -962 -865 
 832 -819 -800 782 798 793 790 -825 '836 -829 '815 '817 -831 -827 797 
 799 792 792 793 793 '802 -786 -768 786 798 '801 '809 -809 -812 -804 
 
 834 -872 -865 -858 -852 '844 -872 -884 '848 -826 -839 -827 -847 -848 -844 
 847 -850 -831 -812 782 779 -781 '833 '852 -829 '839 "893 -841 817 -801 
 814 -817 -812 -807 788 790 -807 -812 '810 -834 '804 -820 -841 -833 -867 
 823 820 -810 -801 798 761 758 785 716 -675 '627 -665 -698 -676 -GDC, 
 734 736 741 746 741 '686 705 747 712 '682 "678 -676 -662 -658 707 
 773 774 761 749 728 700 715 734 731 705 '680 -691 -689 -675 -653 
 
 In. 
 
 0-867 
 858 
 
 850 
 846 
 861 
 846 
 829 
 834 
 
 826 
 825 
 855 
 834 
 
 827 
 863 
 
 868 
 853 
 871 
 836 
 814 
 804 
 
 835 
 832 
 820 
 782 
 724 
 733 
 
 Means J 0-835 -841 -841 -846 '853 -844 -840 '841 '825 -825 -825 '817 '808 '811 -813 -827 -836 '830 '827 -823 -825 -834 -834 -82910-830 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
88 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE 
 
 AIR 
 
 AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 
 GottinKeii 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 
 
 23 ] 
 
 Daily ant 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. 
 4.41 
 
 h. m. 
 5.41 
 
 h. m. 
 6.41 
 
 li. m. 
 7.11 
 
 h. m, h. m. 
 8.41 W.41 
 
 h. m. 
 10.41 
 
 h. m. 
 11.41 
 
 h. m. 
 12.41 
 
 h. m. h m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h, m. h. m. h. m. h m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 13. H ll.H 15.41 lfi.41 17.41 18.11 10.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.11 3.11 
 
 Oct 31 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 5 
 
 2 
 
 03 7 
 
 H 8 
 9 
 S in 
 
 1? 
 12 
 *? 13 
 
 Jj I 4 
 15 
 
 * 16 
 17 
 
 * g 
 
 20 
 
 B 
 
 3 23 
 24 
 | 25 
 3 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 0-79 
 
 69 
 
 84 
 84 
 84 
 80 
 75 
 
 61 
 68 
 66 
 61 
 60 
 62 
 
 93 
 79 
 73 
 
 70 
 74 
 73 
 
 74 
 73 
 67 
 64 
 76 
 74 
 
 70 
 
 078 
 
 76 
 
 87 
 88 
 85 
 85 
 83 
 
 63 
 72 
 69 
 65 
 64 
 64 
 
 92 
 
 82 
 75 
 
 74 
 
 77 
 74 
 
 77 
 78 
 72 
 73 
 81 
 78 
 
 77 
 
 0-82 
 
 78 
 87 
 86 
 91 
 
 87 
 85 
 
 72 
 
 71 
 71 
 67 
 64 
 68 
 
 95 
 79 
 76 
 75 
 77 
 76 
 
 83 
 83 
 72 
 79 
 81 
 82 
 
 77 
 
 0-83 
 
 77 
 87 
 87 
 90 
 88 
 87 
 
 73 
 77 
 70 
 70 
 66 
 73 
 
 96 
 79 
 
 75 
 76 
 77 
 75 
 
 84 
 83 
 74 
 82 
 82 
 81 
 
 77 
 
 0-83 0-87 
 
 81 -84 
 87 -87 
 89 -90 
 91 -91 
 
 88 -88 
 
 88 -89 
 
 75 75 
 81 -83 
 73 71 
 72 75 
 62 -69 
 72 73 
 
 96 -91 
 79 -81 
 81 -83 
 75 75 
 76 78 
 74 74 
 
 84 -87 
 83 '83 
 75 79 
 82 -84 
 82 -87 
 81 -84 
 
 79 73 
 
 0-85 
 
 89 
 87 
 90 
 94 
 90 
 89 
 
 76 
 83 
 72 
 75 
 61 
 75 
 
 91 
 81 
 83 
 74 
 80 
 74 
 
 88 
 83 
 81 
 90 
 87 
 87 
 
 72 
 
 0-83 
 
 94 
 87 
 90 
 98 
 93 
 91 
 
 79 
 85 
 72 
 ,77 
 64 
 79 
 
 93 
 84 
 83 
 79 
 81 
 72 
 
 89 
 82 
 83 
 89 
 
 88 
 87 
 
 72 
 
 0-84 
 
 92 
 88 
 92 
 98 
 94 
 91 
 
 82 
 89 
 85 
 80 
 69 
 77 
 
 97 
 83 
 82 
 91 
 86 
 72 
 
 91 
 85 
 89 
 89 
 91 
 84 
 
 73 
 
 * * 
 
 
 0785 
 848 
 862 
 870 
 877 
 844 
 
 777 
 730 
 779 
 717 
 730 
 667 
 
 853 
 890 
 80G 
 797 
 810 
 775 
 
 733 
 823 
 792 
 774 
 799 
 835 
 
 805 
 738 
 
 0-88 0-91 0-88 0-85 076 0'84 0'86 0'79 0-74 0'66 0'66 0-63 0'64 0'65 
 92 -91 -92 -94 -95 '92 -89 -90 -87 '87 78 75 76 77 
 89' '89 -90 '91 -93 -94 -85 -86 -82 '81 -80 -85 79 "82 
 94 '95 -93 -92 -94 -93 '85 -87 -81 77 77 78 '82 '80 
 97 -95 -95 -95 -95 -91 '84 -83 "82 77 78 78 77 78 
 93 '92 -94 -97 -95 -92 '85 -82 73 '68 70 72 74 -73 
 
 0-66 
 80 
 81 
 83 
 78 
 73 
 
 91 -91 -92 '94 -92 '84 -82 -68 '56 -58 -57 '57 -54 -55 
 84 -85 -86 '87 -86 79 70 -66 -64 -63 '64 '66 -64 '66 
 89 -89 -90 '92 -93 -92 '84 76 72 -66 -63 '63 '64 "64 
 84 -82 -86 -90 -85 -82 74 '63 -63 -61 -62 '61 -59 '58 
 83 -85 -86 -87 -95 -87 -80 73 '66 -65 -63 '62 -60 -58 
 71 73 73 74 -80 '80 79 72 '64 -58 -57 -60 -61 '60 
 
 56 
 66 
 63 
 62 
 60 
 59 
 
 89 1.00 -99 -98 -98 -95 -93 -95 -95 -95 -91 -87 '85 -91 
 97 0-96 -96 '97 -97 -90 -87 -81 -80 79 79 78 78 79 
 86 -89 -90 -91 -87 -85 -90 '83 74 73 71 72 72 71 
 87 -91 -90 '89 -89 -90 '81 '81 -79 -74 -72 -70 -69 70 
 90 -89 -90 -91 -95 -94 -88 -88 '85 -82 77 71 -71 -73 
 86 -86 -91 -96 -90 -79 79 77 74 70 -66 -65 -64 -63 
 
 92 
 
 78 
 73 
 70 
 72 
 69 
 
 79 -86 -84 -82 -83 -80 75 -65 -62 -64 -64 -64 -65 70 
 93 '95 -91 -87 -88 -92 -91 -85 -81 79 72 -65 -67 '67 
 87 '88 -90 -93 -92 '-89 '82 79 75 72 -66 -64 -63 -63 
 90 -91 -91 -91 -93 -91 -83 78 73 '69 '66 .62 -61 '62 
 92 -94 -95 -96 -90 -88 -82 75 71 '68 '63 -64 -67 '69 
 93 -94 -94 -95 -95 -95 -90 -84 -90 -66 -69 71 71 73 
 
 71 
 66 
 64 
 65 
 72 
 70 
 
 88 '91 -92 -93 '96 -94 -86 -84 77 -72 -67 '65 '62 '61 
 80 '87 -89 -91 -92 -90 '82 77 -63 -61 -55 -55 '56 '59 
 
 66 
 63 
 
 Means 0728 
 
 765 
 
 786 
 
 796 
 
 803 -816 
 
 822 
 
 836 
 
 859 
 
 882 -898 -903 '911 '909 -885 '835 791 747 712 -690 -682 -679 -687 
 
 699 
 
 0797 
 
 Oct. 31 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 r- 4 
 oo 5 
 rt 6 
 03 7 
 W 8 
 
 
 
 !> 
 
 H 10 
 
 K> 11 
 
 O 
 
 1 11 
 
 03 14 
 
 15 
 
 2 16 
 
 17 
 
 > 18 
 
 fe 19 
 20 
 fc 21 
 2 22 
 23 
 W 24 
 H 25 
 26 
 27 
 2S 
 29 
 30 
 
 In. 
 
 0702 
 
 744 
 872 
 880 
 870 
 825 
 789 
 
 617 
 673 
 625 
 603 
 581 
 605 
 
 802 
 773 
 714 
 677 
 677 
 661 
 
 684 
 697 
 631 
 609 
 740 
 733 
 
 675 
 
 In. 
 0-684 
 
 764 
 868 
 876 
 855 
 827 
 814 
 
 599 
 679 
 628 
 613 
 587 
 609 
 
 792 
 784 
 716 
 689 
 684 
 646 
 
 684 
 711 
 642 
 649 
 746 
 745 
 
 691 
 
 In. 
 
 0704 
 
 770 
 862 
 860 
 886 
 831 
 819 
 
 645 
 658 
 629 
 604 
 564 
 622 
 
 798 
 756 
 703 
 671 
 669 
 651 
 
 738 
 726 
 610 
 668 
 728 
 753 
 
 683 
 
 In. 
 0707 
 
 751 
 860 
 856 
 869 
 831 
 822 
 
 645 
 689 
 625 
 622 
 573 
 649 
 
 824 
 741 
 697 
 673 
 666 
 622 
 
 741 
 713 
 617 
 680 
 732 
 732 
 
 666 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-695 0723 
 
 792 -833 
 860 -861 
 864 -870 
 870 -868 
 818 -801 
 814 -803 
 
 649 -643 
 691 708 
 634 -613 
 626 -624 
 537 -580 
 638 -645 
 
 827 782 
 741 737 
 732 756 
 668 -661 
 646 -661 
 603 -590 
 
 741 757 
 708 '691 
 614 -630 
 664 -663 
 727 748 
 721 740 
 
 678 -627 
 
 In. 
 0708 
 
 882 
 866 
 859 
 886 
 807 
 798 
 
 645 
 697 
 618 
 619 
 521 
 649 
 
 783 
 734 
 762 
 649 
 658 
 568 
 
 756 
 688 
 632 
 670 
 749 
 753 
 
 612 
 
 In. 
 0701 
 
 928 
 855 
 868 
 900 
 812 
 791 
 
 668 
 699 
 614 
 615 
 548 
 663 
 
 786 
 739 
 751 
 682 
 662 
 542 
 
 752 
 673 
 641 
 662 
 735 
 748 
 
 598 
 
 In. 
 0714 
 
 893 
 856 
 858 
 900 
 812 
 782 
 
 686 
 701 
 681 
 637 
 584 
 651 
 
 797 
 738 
 736 
 766 
 684 
 534 
 
 747 
 684 
 666 
 651 
 728 
 740 
 
 606 
 
 * * 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 0726 
 847 
 868 
 862 
 865 
 801 
 
 715 
 670 
 683 
 628 
 633 
 596 
 
 730 
 807 
 755 
 716 
 700 
 650 
 
 611 
 721 
 679 
 639 
 660 
 735 
 
 708 
 625 
 
 0-739 0-764 0-753 0-743 0-699 0768 0747 0721 0753 0710 0731 0722 0747 0756 
 875 -857 -861 -866 "852 -846 -859 -873 -827 '886 -883 -872 -870 -872 
 854 -852 -838 -824 '828 '836 -845 -876 -879 -87] "917 -927 -905 -915 
 856 -853 -832 -812 '803 "822 -819 -854 '849 '880 -908 -896 -918 -889 
 888 -875 -860 -846 '847 -841 -842 -845 -865 '850 "871 -881 -856 -851 
 799 785 791 797 785 792 '811 '810 760 739 769 '806 -824 -809 
 
 0-744 
 
 873 
 899 
 898 
 838 
 782 
 
 762 741 743 -746 733 "692 736 -669 -580 -587 -600 -604 -573 -576 
 700 713 718 723 '698 -678 -663 -662 -655 -663 -680 -699 -680 '689 
 691 -680 -685 -690 '698 705 720 719 -685 -674 -648 -655 -665 -(i.V2 
 662 -643 -661 -679 '630 -622 '624 -592 -606 -604 -622 -616 -609 -606 
 642 -646 -645 -645 -698 -668 -655 -638 -625 -641 -648 -646 '626 '606 
 610 -635 -616 -597 '595 -621 -639 -627 -631 -593 '601 -620 -639 '613 
 
 588 
 
 669 
 631 
 
 622 
 596 
 596 
 
 731 -SJ1 790 769 780 771 767 771 778 -783 782 -800 -822 '822 
 791 -785 -790 -795 '811 -813 -855 -819 -811 -823 -828 -822 -820 '828 
 761 784 789 794 766 742 780 779 -737 736 746 751 748 747 
 748 -760 732 -704 704 703 -668 -670 -690 713 721 709 -693 708 
 741 716 713 710 '733 740 708 '697 '682 711 734 703 -695 -694 
 669 -653 -671 -690 '641 -590 -596 -606 '624 -661 '638 -633 -623 '615 
 
 824 
 788 
 720 
 695 
 675 
 642 
 
 594 -653 -637 -621 -628 -604 -573 -543 -543 -598 "609 -631 -657 '682 
 750 753 716 -679 -674 701 739 727 744 750 726 "682 -700 '689 
 683 -682 -678 -674 -668 -662 -666 -677 -691 -679 -675 -660 -648 '629 
 657 -648 -644 -641 -641 -642 -619 -658 "658 -659 -648 '628 -623 -623 
 651 -651 -649 -647 -603 -615 -621 -622 '651 -668 -669 -689 719 736 
 715 702 -703 705 -698 '706 710 -755 '872 -690 744 747 763 760 
 
 669 
 670 
 631 
 633 
 726 
 725 
 
 656 
 620 
 
 706 -671 -671 -672 -690 -691 -697 745 734 704 -697 -688 -659 -639 
 620 -635 -632 -629 -632 -642 -647 -659 -60S '596 -551 -553 -560 -590 
 
 Means 0710 
 
 715 
 
 716 
 
 716 
 
 714 716 
 
 714 
 
 717 
 
 724 
 
 727 729 724 -719 713 712 717 -716 -713 710 717 717 717 715 
 
 708)0717 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dumber* in 
 
 these column 
 
 s are not observed, but interpolated feu- the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 89 
 
 HUMIDITY' OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottiriffen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 .'. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Jailyanrf 
 
 Madras 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 h.m. h in. h. m. h. in. li. HI. li. in. li m. h.m. h.m. li. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m h. m. h. m. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 H.4! 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 r~ 5 
 
 83 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 8 
 
 10 
 H 11 
 19 
 ca J-ii 
 
 Q 13 
 | 14 
 g 15 
 5 16 
 
 W !? 
 W 18 
 H 19 
 
 fe 20 
 21 
 t* 22 
 S 23 
 8 24 
 S 25 
 t> 26 
 W 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0-66 0-68 0-66 0'66 0'67 072 073 073 0'80 0-83- 0-85 0*85 0'86 0'86 0'80 072 0'67 0-65 0'65 0-60 0'60 0-62 0'61 0'63 
 66 -66 -69 70 71 76 78 78 -82 "85 -88 -90 -93 -91 -89 -80 '63 '64 '61 '60 '60 -59 -60 '62 
 65 -66 71 -67 '67 73 72 '81 -85 "88 -90 -88 -86 '85 -84 78 74 -62 "58 '53 '51 "54 -55 -61 
 62 -62 -67 -64 -65 -67 -65 '67 -66 72 78 74 71 72 74 -56 "52 '55 '54 '56 '57 -56 -62 -66 
 63 - 65 '66 '66 '60 '65 -66 '67 72 ' 
 
 0713 
 
 734 
 714 
 642 
 
 665 
 711 
 693 
 730 
 806 
 905 
 
 905 
 873 
 
 853 
 826 
 757 
 795 
 
 833 
 716 
 627 
 747 
 648 
 597 
 
 730 
 722 
 762 
 
 772 
 777 
 
 -80 -87 -84 '82 -83 77 -67 "59 -60 "59 -60 '54 -48 -48 '52 
 55 -64 -65 73 78 .N) -86 -84 -86 "86 '85 -85 '85 -88 "85 70 '60 "60 '58 "56 '50 -57 '52 -55 
 54 -59 -63 73 74 76 77 77 78 77 76 75 74 72 -68 -69 71 "66 -62 "60 '60 -61 '69 71 
 71 73 78 77 71 76 79 '81 -82 '83 "84 -85 '87 -87 '88 77 '69 '62 -58 "55 "54 -56 -57 "62 
 63 -59 -60 -60 -60 "64 -67 75 78 '82 '86 -87 '88 -89 -91 -92 -93 '95 -95 "90 '93 -89 -88 "91 
 93 -95 -97 -93 -91 -91 91 -91 -89 '88 "87 -88 '90 -92 -95 '69 "89 "91 '88 "90 "82 -91 '90 -90 
 
 Q'3 'QK 'Q4. 'Q7 'Q8 -mi 1-00 'Qfi 'Qfi 
 
 96 "96. -96 '96 -97 -96 -93 -88 '85 77 77 76 76 78 78 
 84 -86 -87 -91 -92 '92 0'92 '96 -95 '95 '95 -96 '98 -98 -98 -93 -92 -82 76 71 72 70 71 73 
 79 '82 -87 -87 "86 i0 -95 '95 -95 "96 '96 -96 '97 '97 -95 -93 -84 "82 72 -68 70 71 '68 '66 
 69 74 78 -81 '85 -87 '93 '97 -94 '94 '94 -94 '95 -96 -94 '90 -84 78 73 71 '65 '66 -66 '65 
 70 78 -81 78 78 78 76 76 76 78 '80 -87 '94 -95 -94 -89 -81 78 70 '57 '5J -55 -55 -57 
 61 -66 72 78 77 75 -84 -86 -88 '90 '91 -91 '91 -89 -89 78 74 70 71 -67 "67 74 -87 '92 
 
 Q9 '8^ '89 '8O '8 s ; '81 '84. '84, -84 
 
 -89 -93 -93 -94 -92 -93 -91 "85 "83 78 74 72 70 -68 70 
 70 71 72 75 76 77 78 77 -80 '80 "80 -80 '80 76 73 72 -63 '63 -63 -59 '63 "60 "65 -65 
 62 -68 -67 -65 '67 -66 -64 -65 -66 '65 "64 -64 "65 -65 "69 -60 "58 '61 -55 -54 -57 '60 -61 "58 
 59 -69 -68 76 76 '86 -87 -87 -85 "87 "88 '90 -92 -91 '88 -83 75 '55 -53 -56 -56 "57 -64 -65 
 63 '66 -68 70 71 70 70 .67 -68 '69 '69 70 71 78 70 70 -53 '55 -55 -57 -55 '56 -56 '58 
 62 -63 -64 -64 '60 -58 '58 -58 -58 '61 '63 -66 -69 '69 -64 -63 -59 "52 -50 -53 -52 '54 '55 "58 
 
 >;<i -K9 'fi8 '7^ -74, -7H -7Q -78 -8/1 
 
 -84 -84 -83 -83 -88 '86 -82 76 '68 -64 -66 '63 '59 -61 -62 
 66 -68 70 71 73 73 74 74 76 77 77 76 76 76 78 '84 72 -69 -69 -68 -66 '66 '66 "69 
 71 -69 71 72 75 74 76 76 -81 "81 "81 "85 "90 "91 "89 -85 '80 75 -68 -66 -66 "66 71 '69 
 71 72 73 75 77 76 76 76 77 79 -80 -80 -81 -87 -87 -86 -82 76 76 74 74 73 73 71 
 70 77 -80 79 79 -80 -80 -82 -82 "82 -81 -87 "93 -92 -92 -89 74 71 70 -65 -61 -63 '64 -65 
 
 Means 0'689 "714 '735 '749 -755 -769 -783 -794 -809 -825 -836 '843 '854 -860 '847 '797 "732 -697 -666 -646 '634 -640 '656 -672 1 0-750 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 5 5 
 
 oc e 
 
 * 8 
 W o 
 
 pa 9 
 N 1 
 
 w n 
 
 o n 
 
 a 12 
 
 S 13 
 
 e \\ 
 
 16 
 
 SJ 17 
 
 2 18 
 
 2C 
 
 fe 21 
 22 
 
 HH OO 
 
 oo ^ 
 fc 24 
 g 2S 
 26 
 27 
 2 
 2 
 3C 
 31 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. [n. In. In. In. In. In. In. In, In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 G'028 G'621 0-600 0'5S7 0'592 O'GIJ 0'617 0'616 0'638 0'642 0'646 0'040 0*635 0'634 0'619 0'614 0'616 0'631 0'63i 0'587 0'602 0'599 0'597 0'615 
 
 618 -614 -605 -606 -607 -640 -635 -630 -642 -642 '641 -649 '658 -647 -646 -647 -571 '597 -594 '595 '599 "565 "585 '610 
 610 -603 -619 -576 -576 -606 -594 -619 -620 -622 '624 -628 '633 -609 -604 -610 -624 -570 -563 '519 '502 -526 -544 "597 
 582 -562 -579 "545 -553 -568 -558 -557 -544 -562 '579 -550 -521 -516 -540 -481 '466 -515 -522 '549 '570 '561 -604 -615 
 589 -603 -586 '577 '575 '568 -569 -576 -588 
 __ -614 -639 -620 -601 -599 -546 -527 "517 -532 "547 '572 "530 '468 -466 -479 
 501 -553 -540 '573 -589 "588 -595 -574 -571 -562 '552 -548 "545 -541 -527 -484 -482 -505 "510 "514 -485 '522 '500 "505 
 474 -493 -497 '538 -537 '548 '557 -569 -571 -564 '556 -548 "541 -530 -505 -504 -540 "550 '554 '539 -557 "536 -589 -605 
 601 -603 -619 -596 -554 -571 -570 -564 -562 -556 '550 -549 '548 -542 '557 '522 '530 -513 "505 '487 '499 "523 "509 "541 
 532 -493 -489 -488 -488 '508 -527 "553 -571 "592 '612 -619 '626 -632 -626 -639 -652 -665 '676 -691 714 719 727 752 
 760 758 768 783 783 782 782 782 776 773 770 787 "805 -817 -838 '825 -839 -862 "836 -862 "856 '842 '829 -827 
 
 In. 
 617 
 618 
 592 
 550 
 
 562 
 536 
 542 
 549 
 608 
 806 
 
 793 
 760 
 719 
 655 
 621 
 642 
 
 700 
 628 
 544 
 593: 
 553' 
 
 sis; 
 
 572. ; 
 
 616.: 
 
 626L 
 679 : 
 665 
 
 776 785 779 774 763 762 765 -809 -825 793 '787 793 789 796 778 
 810 795 780 798 798 788 785 774 748 736 723 732 742 746 730 747 "805 783 766 728 727 726 741 729. 
 767 749 751 746 736 751 761 753 703 -697 '690 -695 701 -695 -687 736 732 757 709 '680 704 719 '686 -642 
 648 -651 -662 -667 '673 "654 '658 -658 '652 '643 '634 -631 '628 '627 -629 -682 -696 -695 '693 '680 '632 '654 "640 -624 
 649 -667 -666 "638 -637 "626 -609 -605 -595 "595 '595 -619 '643 '635 '644 -670 '668 '689 '657 -576 "556 "548 '546 '561 
 565 -587 -601 -620 "602 '586 -613 -612 -613 '629 -644 -646 -648 '661 '666 -660 '655 -657 '677 '659 '667 '668 718 750 
 
 '749 070 OOO 080 (id 004 0/U bOo DOC - 
 
 _ _ _ -688 718 716 715 700 704 706 731 760 751 725 705 '682 '665 '666 
 653 -636 -634 -648 -647 '657 -658 '650 -658 "654 '650 '652 -654 -624 -601 -611 "561 "598 '597 '567 '619 '595 '625 '616 
 569 -593 -564 -550 -552 -543 -522 -536 -535 -534 '532 -537 -543 '533 -547 -494 -51 "548 '518 '522 '557 '572 '587 '541 
 540 -592 -572 -594 -588 -636 -637 '645 -634 -626 '618 -623 '629 -616 "611 -624 -622 "501 '497 -530 '546 -541 "611 '600 
 573 -574 -587 '587 -588 "581 -571 '548 -544 -549 -553 -558 '563 '594 "541 -557 "474 '505 '521 '556 '539 "528 '539 '540 
 552 -545 -545 "539 -511 -498 -491 -492 -493 '507 -520 -539 -558 "548 "510 -523 "516 "475 '476 -508 "517 '529 -518 "525 
 
 oOo Ooo ;>01 o/y v>04 ota ooo oio owU 
 __ _ _ -576 -562 -559 "557 -575 '572 -581 "608 -618 '608 '613 "586 '549 '554 -561 
 569 -579 -590 '592 -600 -604 -615 "611 -616 -625 -634 -630 '627 -622 -613 -625 '619 -637 -636 -630 '623 '637 '631 '624 
 632 -598 -598 '598 -613 '607 "613 '615 -622 '616 -609 -616 -623 -626 -610 -629 -652 -666 '643 -639 '661 -635 -668 -627 
 640 -637 -647 '650 -655 -653 -648 "648 -672 -672 '671 '666 -662 -695 -686 -693 -699 705 722 727 728 724 712 '690 
 698 -686 -685 -681 '678 '680 -673 '686 "686 -682 '678 -693 708 -685 -678 '685 -664 -663 '658 '615 '597 '606 -597 "598 
 
 Means |0'623 -623 '624 "625 "023 -626 -626 -625 -625 -627 "629 '631 "633 -030 "622 -624 -625 -630 '624 -617 -617 '613 -622 '62: 
 
 0-625! 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for Ihe sake of obtaining the daily mean*. 
 
 23 
 
90 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3456 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 2k_ 
 
 a I 
 
 
 
 
 t-*> K 
 
 go 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m, h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. . h.m. h.in. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 
 3 
 
 al 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5.41 .41 7.41 8.11 .41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 (1.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 * 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 4444433334331034444 1- 4333 
 
 37 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 2 
 
 333333 3331 1 1 29 30 30 o 30 5555544 
 
 25 
 
 NNE 
 
 
 3 
 
 444466666666333226777666 
 
 57 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 o. 4 
 
 546555 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 30 30 30 4557654 
 
 45 
 
 N E 
 
 
 10 e 
 00 
 
 777765 5 5 56555 50 31 5 5776655 
 
 .58 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 - 6 
 
 555666666677777 31 78 (i 87766 
 
 68 
 
 E N E 
 
 
 r* 7 
 
 444444 444444444 29 5 5554444 
 
 44 
 
 NE 
 
 
 8 
 
 443222 221444 30 30 30 00 4444333 
 
 25 
 
 NNE 
 
 
 Q 
 
 4444444444444444 31 4554454 
 
 44 
 
 NE 
 
 
 10 
 
 444444444444456655555555 
 
 51 
 
 SB by E 
 
 
 
 555556777777777777877777 
 
 74 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 "7 12 
 
 544444433330003444445545 
 
 39 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 13 
 
 554333333344444455555554 
 
 46 
 
 N E 
 
 
 | 14 
 
 65556888888832] 1 34565566 
 
 61 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 8 15 
 
 I 1 1 13 2 2 2 3 3 1 3 2 29 29 29 3 29 29 30 1 3 4 3 
 
 8 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 F 16 
 
 556665555 3 3 31 0001 13555555 
 
 41 
 
 N E 
 
 
 H 17 
 
 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 30 30 30 31 31 31 30 31 03555665 
 
 30 
 
 jiE by N 
 
 
 W 18 
 
 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 27 28 27 28 28 2 3 3 2 2 1 
 
 8 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 ^ 19 
 
 4444444444444 29 29 29 03 544544 
 
 34 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 fr 20 
 
 444554444444 26 26 30 31 2455444 
 
 30 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 21 
 
 444555 555544443 29 30 6675544 
 
 46 
 
 N E 
 
 
 & 22 
 
 332222 2333 30 28 28 28 28 29 29 3544444 
 
 14 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 23 
 
 433333 3 3 3 1 30 30 29 29 29 29 30 2545443 
 
 18 
 
 NNE 
 
 
 H 24 
 
 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 3 4 5 5 5 4 
 
 14 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 25 
 
 434444 4 4 1 27 27 27 27 30 29 29 30 2443333 
 
 11 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 S 26 
 
 444444444444400 30 1432454 
 
 34 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 *~^ 27 
 
 443345555444442225556443 
 
 45 
 
 N E 
 
 
 28 
 
 333333333333333344555444 
 
 39 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 29 
 
 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 15 15 16 16 16 16 
 
 139 
 
 S E 
 
 
 30 
 
 755555 5555666 6 26 27 17 9886756 
 
 61 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 31 
 
 11 10 9 9 9 9 9999999 9 9 3 3 14 11 11 10 11 12 12 
 
 105 
 
 E by s 
 
 
 
 ooo ooooooo o ooooo oooo oooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 Hourly [ 
 
 52 49 49 49 49 51 51 50 46 42 39 37 26 16 12 4 26 48 60 61 60 59 58 55 
 
 1 
 
 
 Mean* ) 
 
 NEbE NE NE NE NE NEbE NEbE NE NE NE NKbN NEbN NNE NbE NbE N NNE NE NEbE NEbE NEbE NEbE NKbE NEbE 
 
 ! 44 
 
 NE 
 
 i3.S|,'NW 
 
 0000100013568 12 13 16 83110 000 
 
 78 Obs. N w 
 
 o S J s w 
 
 000000000000000010001 111 
 
 5 s w 
 
 "Sl'^l" I s . E 
 
 222223333333222114441 
 
 55 s E 
 
 llli' NE 
 
 29 29 29 29 28 28 28 28 27 25 23 22 21 17 16 14 21 24 26 26 29 29 29 29 
 
 606 " N E 
 
 
 lb. lb lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. Ib. lb. lb. lb. Ib. Ib. lb. lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 0-25 015 0-08 0-06 0'03 0'05 0'02 O'Ol 0'05 0'08 0'02 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0'03 0'20 0'28 0'25 0'3S 070 0'85 0'45 0'35 
 17 12 -05 -03 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 "00 '00 -04 12 15 10 10 -08 -06 
 
 0-18 
 
 li 
 
 3 
 
 02 -03 -04 -00 -00 -00 "00 '00 "00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 "00 '00 -03 '08 12 15 12 15 -08 
 
 'OE 
 
 Oi O 
 
 P 
 
 4 
 
 03 '02 -00 -00 -00 -00 .00 '00 '00 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -05 '08 15 -92 18 15 -08 
 
 '04 
 
 " o 
 
 t^ 5 
 
 05 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -CO -05 10 12 15 -25 -22 -28 15 
 
 Of 
 
 c 
 
 w 6 
 
 10 -10 -08 -05 -04 -03 -00 'CO "00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 10 "07 '08 10 ->2 18 -08 
 
 05 
 
 o o 
 
 rt 7 
 
 07 -08 -05 00 -00 -01 -03 -00 -00 '00 '00 .00 '00 '00 "00 -00 '03 '05 '07 '08 -08 -06 12 10 
 
 0- 
 
 o 
 
 FORCE OF THE WIND JANUARY 
 
 ^-'OtoocvioiTi^.cotoi * o co oo vi 01 o-' * o; 10 H- o <o 03 
 
 05 -03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 .00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 15 '20 -22 '05 "00 -00 -00 
 15 12 10 -08 -06 -05 -04 -02 '03 "01 '01 .00 -00 -00 -00 '00. -00 '08 15 10 15 -30 -25 -17 
 12 10 -05 -03 -05 -08 '01 '00 "00 -00 '01 .00 -03'. 05 '08 15 -22 18 '25 75 -90 V25 -85 -50 
 35 -25 -08 15 -10 -08 -06 -u5 '04 -03 '05 .04 -02 -01 "02 -04 15 -20 -22 -25 -35028 "20 15 
 15 18 10 -08 -03 -03 '02 -00 '00 '00 '00 .00 '00 ' -00 -00 '00 -05 12 15 18 15 17 15 -18 
 20 10 -08 -05 -02 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '01 .00 -00 '00 '02 '01 -08 15 -17 19 16 -22 -25 -15 
 10 15 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -04 '02 '08 -05 12 '28 15 -35 -28 -20 13 
 15 -18 -10 -02 -00 -01 -02 -04 "05 '03 '00 -02 '00 -02 '00 -05 -00 -06 -07 10 -06 -25 -90 -28 
 38 12 -10 -05 -04 -06 "05 -01. "00 '00 '00 "05 -08 "09 '08 '12 -13 15 -10 '30 '35 -20 -22 -15 
 15 -08 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -04 -03 '08 '09 10 12 11 IS 
 12 -15 -03 -02 '04 -03 -01 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 "00 '01 '03 -04 -OH -10 -In 
 08 -06 -03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -02 "03 '03 "08 10 15 Irt -08 -10 
 08 -09 -00 -00 '02 -00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 "00 -00 -00 '00 '03 '08 10 13 "00 18 -25 -36 -98 
 15 -10 -08 '03 -02 '05 -07 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 "00 -00 -00 -04 '15 -17 -12 -10 -22 -S9 
 12 -08 -03 -02 -00 -00 '00 .00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 "00 "02 -05 -03 '08 10 1" 15 -22 -95 
 20 -22 -08 '04 -00 '00 '00 .00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 -00 "08 15 -20 10 -17 -05 18 -95 -93 
 20 -15 -08 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '08 '04 -07 '08 '12 -13 15 15 -Ts -99 
 10 13 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 "00 '00 -00 -05 '00 12 -10 -08 -07 -00 '06 19 -Jo -00 
 17 -14 -10 -04 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -02 -04 -12 -10 -02 -30 -S9 -97 
 15 -22 -10 -03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -04 -03 "05 -08 10 -U -1 
 18 -16 -12 '04 -00 -00 -00 "00 "00 '00 '00 'DO '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 10 "08 14 15 -is -19' - f, 
 05 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 "00 "00 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -06 -08 -05 -07 -n 
 03 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -05 '07 -05 -08 -m 
 05 -04 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 .00 .00 -00 .00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -05 '06 -05 -05 -m 
 
 \Jt. 
 
 03 
 
 08 
 24 
 13 
 07 
 08 
 08 
 07 
 12 
 04 
 03 
 04 
 07 
 07 
 05 
 08 
 07 
 04 
 07 
 05 
 06 
 02 
 02 
 01 
 
 ?he force is given in pounds and decimals of a pound 
 The entry '00 denotes calms or pressures too sma 
 the inertia of the instrument. 
 
 05 '03 '01 -02 -01 -00 -01 -00 "00 '00 '00 '01 "01 '03 "05 -08 11 15 18 -22 19 itT 
 
 0'07| 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 91 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Tune 
 
 Noon 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Its 
 
 =1 
 
 
 Madron 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h-m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. Km. h.m. h.m. Km. Km. h.m. h.m. h.m. Km. h.m. h.m h m h m 
 
 fill 
 
 If 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 41 6.41 7.41 Ml 8.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 QS 
 
 
 
 
 parts P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- p. p- p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 10 977777775 5 5 5 21 21 21 21 19 9 9 9 9 11 9 
 
 116 
 
 E S E 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 24 24 24 24 24 24 20 13 17 14 12 12 12 12 
 
 16' 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 o 3 
 
 12 B. S. 13 13 13 13 13 13 25 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 15 13 13 12 12 12 12 
 
 196 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 4 
 
 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 16 24 24 24 24 24 23 23 17 14 12 12 9 9 10 
 
 174 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 5 
 
 12 12 26 26 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 28 29 8 7 8 10 5 6 
 
 355 
 
 N 
 
 
 5 6 
 
 3 343354444 444 25 23 23 23 6 76866 6 
 
 28 
 
 N N E 
 
 
 4 7 
 
 B. Stopped 5 5 5 6 6 6 25 26 26 24 24 24 11 12 11 7 7 8 9 
 
 29 
 
 NEby N 
 
 
 P 8 
 
 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 3 3 27 27 27 27 27 26 25 14 10 9 8 8 8 10 
 
 48 
 
 N E 
 
 
 OS Q 
 
 cfl 
 
 66666644322 25 25 23 23 23 24 3 3 5 3 3 2 2 
 
 11 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 10 
 
 3 334444444 4 31 29 29 29 29 30 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 
 
 25 
 
 N N E 
 
 
 En 11 
 
 445555555553 13 13 13 21 21 14 14 8 8 6 6 5 
 
 93 
 
 E 
 
 
 1 12 
 
 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 22 22 22 22 22 22 16 13 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 137 
 
 S E 
 
 
 P 13 
 
 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 22 20 19 20 13 13 13 13 13 
 
 208 
 
 S STV 
 
 
 3 14 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 17 24 24 24 24 24 24 21 21 18 19 14 13 13 13 13 
 
 192 
 
 sby w 
 
 
 15 
 
 11 11 12 12 12 11 11 12 12 22 22 21 21 21 21 20 19 16 13 12 12 12 B S 
 
 172 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 nn 1O 
 
 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 6 6 6 6 14 23 21 23 23 22 14 7 9 9 6 5 5 
 
 124 
 
 s E by E 
 
 
 W -I ~ 
 
 ffl 1' 
 
 5 555555666 666 1282814556555 
 
 47 
 
 N E 
 
 
 EH 18 
 
 5 4 3 4 4 5 5 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 Board Stopped 7 5 5 4 
 
 12 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 EM 19 
 
 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 29 29 29 29 29 29 27 27 3 6 6 5 5 5 5 
 
 20 
 
 N N E 
 
 
 20 
 
 4 4 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 24 25 23 21 22 27 27 26 25 25 
 
 347 
 
 N by w 
 
 
 K 21 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 23 23 23 23 22 22 23 21 21 21 16 13 14 14 
 
 187 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 22 
 
 13 12 12 12 12 12 11 11 29 29 29 19 24 23 24 23 21 16 15 12 12 B Stopped 
 
 199 
 
 s s w 
 
 
 a 23 
 
 10 11 10 10 10 10 10 10 12 21 21 21 21 21 21 19 20 17 15 10 9 9 8 10 
 
 158 
 
 S S E 
 
 
 24 
 
 10 11 10 10' 11 11 11 11 22 23 23 22 23 23 21 21 22 21 21 16 13 12 12 12 
 
 184 
 
 S 
 
 
 H 25 
 
 Board Stopped 20 19 22 22 10 5 4 4 
 
 f 
 
 
 
 
 S 26 
 
 12 12 11 11 11 11 13 20 20 20 22 21 19 17 20 20 16 18 16 14 12 12 12 12 
 
 174 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 O 27 
 
 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 22 23 24 24 24 24 24 17 17 13 11 12 12 12 12 
 
 181 
 
 s 
 
 
 28 
 
 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 24 24 25 25 25 25 22 23 20 12 11 10 10 7 6 
 
 176 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 
 
 
 Hourly ( 
 Means j 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 97 97 89 90 91 92 90 90 82 342 328 296 292 276 '267 262 256 235 146 117 103 93 88 89 
 
 EbS EbS E E E K E E EbN NNW NWbN WNW WNW WbN W Wbs wbs SWbW SEbS ESI EbS E E E 
 
 o 
 
 [ 125 
 
 s E by E 
 
 iit I 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 8 11 14 15 14 16 10 7 1 1 1111 
 
 112 Obs. N w 
 
 | ' j j s W 
 
 00000001 3 6677 10 10 16 19 15 83 1000 
 
 112 s w 
 
 g'E 5 ]S E 
 
 16 16 14 15 15 15 14 13 8 2 1 "1 11 6 13 17 20 16 14 14 
 
 232 s E 
 
 o* 8 a 1 N > 
 
 10 9 10 11 11 11 12 11 12 11 10 5 4 20 1 5 6 6 6 10 11 11 
 
 185 N E 
 
 's. '- " L 
 
 
 
 
 lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 O ) 
 
 1 
 
 0-03 O'OO 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0'03 0-02 0'04 0'03 0'06 0-05 
 
 O'Ol 
 
 *" H 
 
 2 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -CO '00 -03 -02 '02 '03 '03 '03 
 
 01 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 
 00 B S -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '01 -02 '04 '06 '03 '02 
 
 01 
 
 & 
 
 4 
 
 00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -03 -04 -04 '00 '00 '00 
 
 00 
 
 o 
 
 o 5 
 
 00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -01 -01 '03 '03 '02 '03 
 
 01 
 
 C 
 
 22 
 
 01 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -01 '02 -03 '05 '04 '03 "02 
 
 01 
 
 o_ 
 
 tH 7 
 
 B S '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 '02 -01 '01 '03 '01 
 
 oo 
 
 1 
 
 S 8 
 
 01 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '02 '04 '03 -03 '01 '02 
 
 01 
 
 c3 a* 
 
 <! 9 
 
 '01 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -01 -02 -02 -02 
 
 00 
 
 o-g 
 
 S 10 
 
 03 'GO -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '03 -04 '05 '03 '02 '02 
 
 01 
 
 S 
 
 S 11 
 
 00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -01 -01 '03 -01 "04 -02 
 
 01 
 
 <3 g 3 
 
 W 12 
 
 01 'GO -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 '02 -02 -03 -07 '05 '06 
 
 01 
 
 "S'H is 
 
 EM 13 
 
 07 '06 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "03 -03 '04 -10 '09 '12 '10 
 
 03 
 
 */-' x . 
 
 14 
 
 11 -10 -03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -08 -14 '10 '18 '20 "24 '13 
 
 06 
 
 C3 ai <rH 
 
 a 
 
 p*^ 
 
 15 -12 -06 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 "00 '04 "05 '04 -12 '20 "15 B S 
 
 04 
 
 .S PUS 
 
 t, ** 
 
 w 16 
 
 13 "07 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -02 -00 -02 -06 '05 '07 "02 
 
 02 
 
 
 17 
 
 01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -04 -06 -06 -05 "07 '04 
 
 01 
 
 "3 S 
 
 sa 18 
 
 10 "13 -04 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 -00 -00 Board Stopped '13 "10 '11 "12 
 
 04 
 
 I'i; 
 
 a 19 
 
 05 '06 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 "00 . -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 -00 -00 -01 -03 -02 "02 "05 "06 
 
 01 
 
 M S3 
 rr3 C 
 
 * 20 
 
 08 "04 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -02 -04 '02 "00 '01 '02 '02 
 
 01 
 
 lii 
 
 EM 21 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '03 -05 -06 -00 -03 -02 "00 
 
 01 
 
 3^,0 
 
 o o ~ 
 
 22 
 
 02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 '05 -04 "05 "06 B S 
 
 01 
 
 2 o 
 
 H 23 
 
 00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -02 -01 -00 -03 -02 '03 -02 
 
 01 
 
 
 2 24 
 
 02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -07 -17 "13 "05 "00 '00 '00 '00 
 
 02 
 
 o 
 
 25 
 
 T> J Ui. J 
 
 
 
 'Eb >> 
 
 Board fetoppea ~ *~~ ~~ 
 
 g 26 
 
 00 'CO -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -04 -00 -02 -03 -15 "25 -13 '10 '12 -13 '15 '10 
 
 05 
 
 W i 
 
 *27 
 
 13 -12 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 "00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 '08 -03 -04 '03 '04 '03 '05 
 
 02 
 
 O 
 
 28 
 
 08 -05 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -06. -07 '02 '03 -03 '0:5 -00 '00 
 
 02 
 
 |j 
 
 
 
 
 " 
 f 
 
 Means I 0'04 "03 '01 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '02 '04 '04 '04 '05 '05 '05 "04 '02' 
 
92 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 
 
 
 Gotti: 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1234 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 1* 
 
 c 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h IN. h.m. h.iu. li.in. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. ' h.m. h in. li.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 
 = lj 
 
 if 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 6.11 0.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.11 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 2141 2241 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 a* 
 
 
 
 
 
 partH p. p. p. p. p p p p p p p p p p p p p. p p p p p p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 7 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 20 20 20 20 21 19 21 21 16 11 5 8 8 8 7 
 
 135 
 
 S E 
 
 
 g 
 
 97 89999 9 4 26 26 26 27 27 23 23 21 20 20 11 12 12 11 11 
 
 173 
 
 s bv E 
 
 
 3 
 
 9 10 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 22 22 23 23 22 22 20 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 
 
 155 
 
 3 UJ .Ci 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 ; 4 
 
 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 22 22 22 22 20 18 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 158 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 oo 5 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 25 21 12 10 8 8 11 10 12 
 
 139 
 
 S E 
 
 
 w E 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 24 24 24 24 24 21 15 14 14 12 12 B. stopped 
 
 176 
 
 S 
 
 
 7 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 23 23 23 23 20 18 17 15 13 12 11 11 11 
 
 168 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 S 8 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 12 12 12 11 11 11 
 
 135 
 
 SE 
 
 
 < 9 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 22 22 15 12 10 11 10 12 12 12 12 
 
 135 
 
 SE 
 
 
 S 10 
 
 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 21 21 21 20 20 20 17 18 19 12 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 165 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 11 
 
 12 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 16 12 11 10 10 11 10 12 
 
 131 
 
 SE 
 
 
 g 12 
 
 11 10 10 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 8 9 9 9 9 9 
 
 113 
 
 E S E 
 
 
 S 13 
 
 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 21 21 21 21 25 7 6 7 7 6 6 6 
 
 114 
 
 E S E 
 
 
 14 
 
 77 776666 6 66666 24 23 23 14 10 99988 
 
 105 
 
 E by s 
 
 
 W 15 
 
 86 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 26 28 28 29 3 Under repair 
 
 
 
 
 W le 
 
 
 
 
 
 EH 17 
 
 [nstrument under repair 
 
 
 
 
 Pn 18 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 2~8 30 30 28 20 22 19 19 17 16 16 
 
 183 
 
 s 
 
 
 O 19 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 24 25 27 26 26 26 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 24 15 16 16 15 
 
 241 
 
 s w by w 
 
 
 ^ 20 
 
 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 31 28 28 28 26 28 27 27 28 28 26 20 20 20 20 
 
 256 
 
 . J 
 w by s 
 
 
 21 
 
 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 28 27 27 25 24 24 25 23 23 21 20 20 19 19 19 18 
 
 246 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 H 22 
 
 18 18 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 28 28 28 28 30 6 4 4 5 7 
 
 271 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 9 5 4 2 4 11 17 17 14 16 16 16 16 
 
 136 
 
 SE 
 
 
 H 24 
 
 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 464 58 6 18 17 17 17 17 17 19 
 
 149 
 
 s E bys 
 
 
 S 25 
 
 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 14 15 15 15 16 15 15 
 
 185 
 
 s 
 
 
 P 26 
 
 16 17 17 17 17 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 14 8 6 21 16 15 16 16 16 16 16 
 
 189 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 27 
 
 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 28 28 26 25 19 19 19 20 20 20 
 
 223 
 
 s w 
 
 
 28 
 
 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 21 28 28 25 26 27 25 26 24 22 20 21 20 19 
 
 251 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 29 
 
 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 22 21 20 19 19 19 19 19 19 
 
 224 
 
 s w 
 
 
 30 
 
 20 20 20 20 20 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 30 28 26 14 20 20 20 20 19 18 19 
 
 228 
 
 s w 
 
 
 31 
 
 20 20 20 20 20 20 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 27 23 24 22 20 19 19 20 20 
 
 223 
 
 sw 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 Q 
 
 
 
 Hourly f 
 Means 
 
 150 149 149 150 150 152 158 158 160 182 190 199 206 216 252 256 204 193 184 160 154 156 153 155 
 SEbs SEbs SEbs SEbs SEbs SSE SSE SSE SSE s sbw ssw ssw swbs wsw wbs ssw sbw s SSE SSE SSE SSE SEE 
 
 j 179 
 
 South 
 
 
 i-^-s TNW 
 
 00 000011245679 11 11 6 6420000 
 
 75 
 
 Ofo^ "W A 
 
 
 1 w S 3 J s w 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 10 11 13 13 12 11 11 14 11 9 9 11 13 12 11 
 
 260 
 
 
 f 
 
 "S o ! * | S E 
 
 17 16 15 16 16 16 15 15 14 13 11 7 6 5 5 5 6 10 14 14 15 12 13 13 
 
 289 
 
 j. 8 v 
 
 
 df! ! NE 
 ;z >* > I 
 
 23433333422333223 2132223 
 
 63 
 
 ,, N E 
 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 "o 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 0-01 O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-00 O'OO 0-00 O'OO O'OO 0-02 0-04 0-01 0-02 0-02 0-03 0-07 0-06 
 08 -07 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 '07 '04 '02 -03 -04 -06 -05 04 
 
 o-oi 
 
 '02 
 
 ii 
 
 f3 O 
 
 
 3 
 
 02 -03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -01 -06 10 15 16 13 10 
 
 '03 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 10 12 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -04 '07 10 '20 17 18 IT 
 
 '05 
 
 a g 
 
 
 i- 5 
 
 w 6 
 
 - 1 7 
 W 8 
 
 O Q 
 
 5 10 
 i 11 
 
 il2 
 13 
 
 g 14 
 te 15 
 
 03 -06 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -08 -07 '04 
 04 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -12 -20 -18 -22 B stopped 
 10 -05 -00 -00 -00 -05 -06 "01 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -05 -15 13 17 -30 75 54-40 
 18 -22 15 '08 -10 -05 -02 -01 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -01 -02 -10 -"0 -28 -30 ">0 -28 17 
 35 -35 -24 15 -24 -30 -32 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -10 11 15 16 18 -24 "26 IS 
 20 15 14 -08 -02 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -50 '75 '80 -50 "75 -90 115 -90 70 
 30 10 10 "05 -04 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 "00 -00 '00 -00 -04 -08 10 15 -200-32 IS '24 
 25 10 -04 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -06 -03 -04 -06 05 -08 -04 
 06 -05 -02 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -01 -02 -03 -04 -05 -08 
 08 10 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -06 -00 '03 -05 -06 -07 -07 -05 
 03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 01 
 03 
 12 
 10 
 11 
 31 
 09 
 03 
 02 
 03 
 
 imals of a pound on one 
 sressures too small to o 
 he instrument. 
 
 
 16 
 
 Instrument under repair 
 
 
 ~ -^ 
 
 c. ;- _ 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 ^! O C 
 
 
 1 s 
 
 o 20 
 21 
 .22 
 03 23 
 O 24 
 ^ '25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 03 -08 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -07 -04 -Q-> -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 00 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -15 -12 -10 -06 -00 -00 -00 "00 '00 -00 -00 -01 '05 12 -02 
 10 -07 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 -25 -35 "38 -17 15 -82 -?0 -30 
 15 -08 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -15 -18 -28 -30 -28 -3? -37 
 12 13 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -06 -07 '05 -00 -03 -08 -07 -00 
 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -00 -06 -07 10 15 
 08 -07 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -07 -05 12 16 10 13 
 05 -04 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00-00 -08 10 12 16 -on 19 
 13 -08 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -08 10 -06 13 15 12 
 08 -07 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -03 -02 '02 12 18 -->2 4B -94 
 25 -08 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 "00 -00 '00 "00 "02 "05 "00 -01 12 -26 -28 'TO 'M -27 tt -ft -n 
 13 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 IS 17 -22 -<>0 17 15 $* -28 
 . -20 15 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -25 -32 -40 -35 -^ 17 19 
 10 '03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00' -00 -02 -08 18 15 14 -?0 ^ 
 
 01 
 03 
 10 
 09 
 02 
 02 
 03 
 04 
 04 
 05 
 10 
 07 
 09 
 07 
 
 111 
 
 oo ri 5 
 
 'o .5 
 
 it 
 
 CO -*^> 
 
 gg 
 
 
 Means 
 
 012 08 02 01 01 02 01 -01 _ _ _ -Q3 -07 11 -12 -14 '17 "20 '20 16 
 
 
 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 fes 
 
 .3 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. -h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 
 K ~ q 
 
 m 
 
 j! 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5.41 8.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 241 341 
 
 la* 
 
 Q 
 
 
 
 
 -4" 
 
 
 
 
 wuts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 28 26 24 23 20 19 19 20 20 20 
 
 246 
 
 WSW 
 
 
 2 
 
 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 29 28 5 20 19 20 20 20 
 
 221 
 
 s w 
 
 
 3 
 
 20 20 20 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 4 5 6 16 14 13 12 13 
 
 183 
 
 s 
 
 
 4 
 
 15 16 16 16 20 20 22 22 22 28 25 24 24 24 28 28 27 24 11 11 10 9 10 9 
 
 216 
 
 s w by s 
 
 
 r~ 5 
 
 17 15 16 16 16 16 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 23 22 19 19 19 18 17 17 16 
 
 209 
 
 s wby s 
 
 
 SB 6 
 
 18 18 18 18 19 20 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 28 30 29 23 19 19 19 19 19 19 
 
 225 
 
 a w 
 
 
 7 
 
 16 17 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 21 20 3 10 16 18 22 21 
 
 202 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 d 8 
 
 21 18 18 17 J8 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 24 31 28 28 28 28 25 22 22 21 
 
 240 
 
 s w by w 
 
 
 5 9 
 
 22 21 21 21 20 20 20 21 21 22 21 21 21 21 21 25 26 26 24 21 21 20 20 20 
 
 242 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 P-i 10 
 
 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 23 22 21 20 18 18 18 17 17 
 
 208 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 Jl 11 
 
 19 19 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 23 26 24 20 20 20 20 20 20 
 
 218 
 
 s wby s 
 
 
 Q 12 
 
 19 18 18 18 17 17 18 19 Hi HI 19 19 19 19 23 26 24 24 21 20 20 20 20 20 
 
 223 
 
 B W 
 
 
 Q ... 
 
 Xi 
 
 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 21 21 27 27 27 27 26 22 22 22 22 
 
 252 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 i i 14 
 
 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 22 24 24 25 25 24 26 26 25 23 20 20 20 20 
 
 247 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 15 
 
 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 23 24 24 24 27 26 20 20 20 20 
 
 243 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 H 16 
 
 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 23 23 24 23 23 23 23 24 23 24 26 26 12 12 12 12 
 
 235 
 
 s w by w 
 
 
 M 17 
 
 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 22 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 25 23 22 20 20 20 20 19 
 
 240 
 
 s wby w 
 
 
 H 18 
 
 20 20 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 23 23 23 23 24 24 23 24 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 
 
 241 
 
 s w by w 
 
 
 fe 19 
 
 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 23 24 23 23 23 23 23 21 20 19 19 19 19 19 19 
 
 233 
 
 s w by w 
 
 
 20 
 
 19 19 18 18 18 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 
 
 221 
 
 s w 
 
 
 fc 21 
 
 20 19 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 
 
 217 
 
 s w by s 
 
 
 22 
 
 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 27 25 21 21 24 20 19 18 18 
 
 227 
 
 sw 
 
 
 H 23 
 
 19 19 18 17 17 18 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 20 17 16 16 16 Id 16 
 
 209 
 
 s w by s 
 
 
 g 24 
 
 18 18 18 18 18 18 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 16 17 16 17 15 15 15 
 
 190 
 
 sby w 
 
 
 W oc; 
 
 ca *" 
 
 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 15 15 15 15 15 15 
 
 172 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 S 26 
 
 16 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 15 15 15 15 19 17 16 17 16 17 18 18 
 
 181 
 
 8 
 
 
 P 27 
 
 18 18 18 18 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 16 16 17 17 17 17 
 
 197 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 28 
 
 17 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 17 17 17 16 16 16 16 
 
 200 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 29 
 
 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 22 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 15 
 
 176 
 
 s 
 
 
 30 
 
 16 16 16 17 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 25 21 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 
 
 215 
 
 swbys 
 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ooooooooooo ooo ooooooo ooo 
 
 
 
 
 Hourly ( 
 Means ( 
 
 210 207 207 207 208 211 214 216 218 222 223 223 223 223 239 259 262 249 221 217 204 202 203 202 
 hwbs ssw ssw ssw ssw swbs swbs swbs swbs sw sw sw sw sw swbw wbs wbs wsw sw swbs ssw ssw ssw ssw 
 
 218 
 
 s wby s 
 
 SS-SS r N w 
 
 0000000003223 7 12 14 10 651000 
 
 65 Obs. N w 
 
 ^'""aS s W 
 
 27 26 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 29 26 27 26 25 21 16 15 19 19 22 25 24 24 24 
 
 588 ,. B w 
 
 g Ej 8 E 
 
 3 433322221 1 12*2 2 100 234666 
 
 61 SB 
 
 SJ3js KE 
 
 000000000000000111300000 
 
 6 KB 
 
 
 lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 "o 
 
 1 
 
 015 0'08 0-02' O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-00 O'OO O'OO 010 0-18 0'20 0'25 0'32 0'54 0'45 0'55 
 
 012 
 
 * a 
 
 2 
 
 30 -25 -02 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 "00 10 15 16 18 -20 18 '25 '20 
 
 08 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 15 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 13 12 '08 '07 15 17 '22 -20 
 
 06 
 
 
 
 cr o 
 
 4 
 
 13 -05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '08 -03 15 10 -20 '25 "18 
 
 05 
 
 W > 
 
 5 
 
 15 10 -05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 .03 -08 10 13 15 "22 '24 -22 
 
 06 
 
 J3 
 
 
 25 -20 10 '05 -03 '01 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 -00 -02 '08 '07 '06 12 17 15 15 12 
 
 07 
 
 O ** 
 
 C "~^ 
 
 >ra 7 
 
 r^i ' 
 
 08 10 "00 -00 -00 -02 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 I'OO -03 '00 "00 -02 
 
 05 
 
 -3 
 
 - 8 
 
 08 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 15 -20 '23 0'22 18 10 12 15 
 
 06 
 
 C oo 
 
 h-3 
 
 03 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -02 12 14 10 -08 10 15 "65 1-05 
 
 10 
 
 ^ O C3 
 
 S ib 
 
 30 -32 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 "00 '00 -00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '08 14 13 12 17 15 15 "25 0'22 
 
 08 
 
 eL-8 S 
 
 
 10 13 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -25 -23 '20 '45 -55 110 1'05 15 
 
 18 
 
 ;r 
 
 
 *? 12 
 
 25 15 -03 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 12 17 '20 15 '25 -54 0'80 070 '35 
 
 15 
 
 a * 
 
 4, 13 
 
 15 -05 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -20 "45 75 '65 '38 '65 75 '63 70 
 
 22 
 
 ^ .S 
 
 S 14 
 
 17 15 12 -05 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 15 '22 '35 -30 '38 -45 -42 -30 '28 -35 '45 '50 '85 
 
 23 
 
 1 8 
 
 9 15 
 
 72 -68 -38 -35 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '40 70 '32 15 '00 '55 '85 75 '67 
 
 27 
 
 3 ^S 
 
 ^ 16 
 
 90 -55 -35 "32 '30 '20 10 -00 '00 '02 70 '42 '35 -00 '00 '30 '45 -30 '25 10 '25 '50 '85 T05 
 
 34 
 
 13 "o 
 
 
 55 -35 -50 '25 '35 '23 15 '05 -00 '00 '02 15 '35 '28 -55 115 '20 15 10 '85 1-25 1-50 1'45 0'45 
 
 45 
 
 ^ .2 
 
 W 18 
 
 1-85 -85 -30 -25 -20 15 10 '02 '05 15 -22 10 "00 '00 "00 0'50 "25 10 '45 115 10 '35 0'45 1'25 
 
 47 
 
 sMsf! 
 
 H 19 
 
 45 -90 -25 10 12 '20 '05 '00 '00 '01 "02 "05 '03 '01 '00 '07 '63 '35 "55 0'85 15 -25 15 0'95 
 
 40 
 
 
 fc 20 
 
 0-45 -35 15 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '30 '25 70 '85 0'90 0'85 1'65 '50 
 
 2S 
 
 S 1'e 
 
 21 
 
 20 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 .'00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 10 -55 -90 115 1'65 1'45 TOO 110 
 
 34 
 
 II ^ 
 
 W 22 
 
 30 -25 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 "00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -01 0-00 O'OO 010 015 O'OO 
 
 03 
 
 e| 
 
 23 
 
 20 -25 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 "00 '00 "00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -05 '35 -60 '50 '25 
 
 09 
 
 r* <T> 
 
 24 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 10 is 15 12 10 
 
 03 
 
 go 
 
 S 25 
 
 01 -05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 15 17 -20 18 17 
 
 04 
 
 'It- 
 
 26 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -20 15 -05 
 
 02 
 
 CiC w 
 v <* 
 
 27 
 
 15 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 15 17 '25 '32 '45 
 
 07 
 
 |8 
 
 28 
 
 15 10 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -07 -00 . -20 "32 '25 10 
 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 10 -05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 15 10 -08 -06 
 
 02 
 
 O r . 
 
 30 
 31 
 
 02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -05 15 -35 -25 -20 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 Means 0'29 '21 "08 '05 '03 '03 '01 '01 '03 '03' '03 .02 '03 11 14 16 .19 '31 -40 '50 '49 -41 015) 
 
 24 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingeu 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 l| 
 
 c. S 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 
 t, *3 a. 
 
 til 
 
 s| 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.11 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 S*' 
 
 fl 
 
 
 
 Parts p. p . p . p . p . p. p- p . p . p . p . p . p . p . p . p . p . p . p. p . p. p . p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 20 18 18 18 18 20 20 21 21 21 21 21 23 23 23 25 25 24 17 18 17 17 17 18 
 
 227 
 
 s w 
 
 
 2 
 
 18 19 19 18 19 20 20 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 22 22 29 10 17 18 18 19 20 
 
 229 
 
 s w 
 
 
 3 
 
 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 24 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 
 
 242 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 4 
 
 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 28 29 30 17 17 17 17 17 
 
 222 
 
 s w 
 
 
 5 
 
 15 17 15 15 15 18 18 18 18 18 18 13 14 14 28 29 28 28 28 30 20 20 20 20 
 
 224 
 
 s w 
 
 
 oo 6 
 
 20 20 20 20 19 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 27 28 28 27 26 28 21 21 21 27 30 
 
 258 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 7 
 
 20 21 21 22 22 23 25 25 25 26 26 27 27 27 24 24 24 26 29 26 20 20 20 20 
 
 267 
 
 w 
 
 
 5 8 
 
 17 19 20 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 22 24 26 25 26 28 28 31 004 15 20 20 
 
 266 
 
 w 
 
 
 a 9 
 
 20 20 21 23 29 29 29 30 31 31 31 29 24 23 24 26 28 29 30 20 20 20 
 
 296 
 
 WNW 
 
 
 T 10 
 
 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 27 27 26 28 21 20 20 
 
 258 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 n 
 
 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 21 23 23 22 22 31 31 28 23 28 27 27 28 28 19 19 20 
 
 264 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 Z 12 
 
 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 24 27 26 24 26 26 26 27 31 12 14 14 14 17 17 
 
 236 
 
 s w by w 
 
 
 fe 13 
 
 B. stopped 20 21 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 28 28 29 20 20 20 21 21 
 
 253 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 14 
 
 91 91 Tviof mi ^^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 16 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 g 16 
 
 20 21 21 21 21 22 23 24 29 30 30 31 31 25 25 25 25 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 
 
 264 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 17 
 
 21 22 22 25 22 23 23 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 31 30 30 30 30 30 B. stopped 
 
 289 
 
 W N W 
 
 
 18 
 
 20 20 20 20 20 21 22 23 23 22 25 25 27 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 29 29 
 
 285 
 
 why N 
 
 
 19 
 
 28 23 21 21 21 28 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 4 4 2 30 30 
 
 341 
 
 N N W 
 
 
 g 20 
 
 15 17 20 4 4 30 29 28 29 30 30 29 29 28 28 28 28 26 24 24 25 25 
 
 308 
 
 N" w by w 
 
 
 2 21 
 
 27 27 27 28 26 25 27 28 28 28 27 25 24 23 22 23 22 25 25 28 29 28 28 29 
 
 295 
 
 W N W 
 
 
 22 
 
 29 29 28 28 28 27 29 29 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 29 29 10 16 16 
 
 301 
 
 N w by w 
 
 
 H 23 
 
 18 18 18 18 20 20 20 24 24 25 27 27 27 27 27 28 28 30 25 25 27 8 8 9 
 
 247 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 S 24 
 
 20 21 21 21 21 22 22 25 26 26 27 28 28 29 4 31 31 31 30 18 18 
 
 294 
 
 WNW 
 
 
 S 25 
 
 14 16 16 16 18 19 20 22 22 22 23 25 25 25 26 26 27 27 26 26 26 26 25 25 
 
 255 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 26 
 
 23 5 4 28 24 24 23 24 24 25 25 25 26 25 25 25 25 25 25 24 24 24 25 25 
 
 289 
 
 W N W 
 
 
 27 
 
 23 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 28 26 25 26 26 26 26 24 23 23 23 23 23 25 24 23 
 
 275 
 
 w 
 
 
 28 
 
 23 23 23 24 24 25 25 25 24 23 24 24 24 24 21 22 22 23 24 23 22 22 22 22 
 
 262 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 29 
 
 24 23 24 25 24 26 26 25 25 26 26 24 26 25 25 26 28 28 29 29 30 28 30 30 
 
 296 
 
 j 
 
 WNW 
 
 
 30 
 
 30 13 15 17 18 15 16 17 19 19 19 19 19 25 26 27 28 29 29 18 10 12 12 16 
 
 219 
 
 s w by s 
 
 
 31 
 
 12 14 14 16 17 19 18 21 21 21 24 23 23 23 23 27 27 26 27 28 28 26 28 11 
 
 949 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 
 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Hourly { 
 
 232 222 235 242 243 254 258 264 269 270 275 275 280 282 296 293 301 304 300 277 273 236 240 238 
 
 
 
 
 Means I 
 
 swbw sw swbw wsw wsw wbs wbs wbs w w w w wbN wbN WNW WNW Nwbw Nwbw Nwbw wbN w swbw swbw swbw 
 
 i 
 
 w 
 
 
 i.s- s irNw 
 
 5 2 3 7 7 8 8 14 14 14 17 17 19 21 18 21 24 23 20 16 12 9 10 8 
 
 317 Obs.NW 
 
 ll] sw 
 
 20 24 21 20 20 19 20 15 15 15 12 10 9 7 9 7 4 5 5 11 12 14 16 18 
 
 328 s w 
 
 g E " | S E 
 
 42311100000111000021 2522 
 
 29 s E 
 
 ill] 1 N E 
 
 011111100001002112324100 
 
 23 N E 
 
 
 lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 i 
 
 0'08 0-02 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0-00 0-02 0-03 0-07 010 0-03 0'05 0'06 0'30 0'65 0-45 
 
 0'08 
 
 '1! 
 
 V rt 
 
 2 
 
 35 -50 -00 -00 -02 '00 -00 -01 '02 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '03 '02 -02 -03 '02 '03 -04 
 
 05 
 
 t. S 
 
 <s o 
 
 3 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -00 -00 -ff> -02 -05 -06 -07 
 
 01 
 
 =1 <-> 
 
 4 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -04 -07 -00 -02 -02 '03 -01 
 
 01 
 
 w * 
 
 5 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -03 -08 10 -06 -00 -02 -0" -OS 
 
 01 
 
 Q) O 
 O 
 
 t^ 6 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -35 -33 -45 -'38 '25 -22 
 
 08 
 
 0,8 
 
 us 7 
 00 < 
 
 115 70 -60 -82 -00 '40 '65 '30 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '30 '65 -55 -30 '27 15 -17 -45 -fiO -V> 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 - 1 8 
 
 45 1-30 -90 1-22 I'OO -80 -35 '35 -20 15 10 '08 10 12 '05 15 -30 -45 -38 -30 -SO "-, -4S % 
 
 47 
 
 rl ^ 
 
 tH 9 
 
 0-40 0-25 -65 0-35 3'50 5'25 3'00 5-50 4-50 T60 '35 '20 '05 15 10 -25 '32 -35 -35 -S7 =>'> -00 -00 
 
 117 
 
 
 2J 11 
 
 10 -20 -30 -35 0-40 O'OO 0'90 0'55 0'50 0'20 '35 "40 '20 10 15 -30 -35 -20 -15 -10 10 -IB -30 -9n 
 
 0'28 
 
 E,8 
 
 i H 
 
 1-35 1-30 110 1-35 115 10 -35 '20 '50 15 10 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -05 13 -15 -17 -20 13 -ffi -4^ 
 
 "39 
 
 eg "^ S 
 
 p Ji 
 
 0-90 0-70 0-50 0-45 0'35 -32 10 '00 '00 '00 10 '08 '05 '00 '00 13 10 -00 -12 -15 -10 -08 13 -0^ 
 
 18 
 
 ^ ?-. 
 
 K? 13 
 
 a 14 
 
 ^ 15 
 
 B. stopped -00 -35 '55 -45 '30 '00 '00 -00 "00 '00 '00 -00 -00 13 18 -10 12 -38 "30 75 -20 
 30 10 Instrument under repair '__ 
 
 18 
 
 M 3 M 
 
 t~l O5 ] 
 
 CC M .CH 
 
 Jfj 
 
 H 16 
 M 17 
 H 18 
 PH 19 
 20 
 pq 21 
 
 13 -20 -65 1-35 215 2'25 2'30 1-60 215 1'85 "55 "30 15 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -firt 
 00 -00 -55 010 015 0-80 0'65 0'80 0'45 0'30 '00 "00 "00 '00 "05 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 B Stormed 
 00 -00 -00 -65 -85 -55 '47 '20 10 '00 '00 "00 "00 15 -30 -25 10 -"o 2'35 2-40 -85 70 ^> 00 
 55 15 10 -00 -00 -05 12 15 '22 17 115 "45 "67 '40 '20 17 -28 -00 1-90 175 1'35 '55 -00 -00 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '05 -08 0'02 '00 '00 "00 "00 15 -30 75 -05 0'85 (1-95 -85 70 -SB 
 60 -55 -40 10 -00 -55 '20 10 "05 '00 '02 15 '08 "05 '08 15 -55 1'20 -35 115 45 -10 -90 l-ll 
 
 65 
 18 
 44 
 43 
 25 
 43 
 
 S?"2 
 'o 8<8 
 
 ^ oo " 
 ill 
 
 flj 
 
 fl tn -r- 
 
 If s 
 
 o 22 
 g 2? 
 
 25 
 23 
 27 
 23 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 10 11 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 12 15 '35 10 '00 12 -20 '-22 -35 0'40 0'42 0-35 -07 -00 -00 O'OO 
 00 -00 -20 -22 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 10 15 "05 '00 '35 -38 -32 -27 "?5 16 -00 -05 -02 -00 00 
 30 -25 -26 -28 -22 -00 '00 -00 "00 -05 '00 "00 "00 '08 -03 -00 -03 12 14 13 -TO -10 -no -on 
 00 15 10 -00 11 -08 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '35 "28 15 18 -65 1-35 1'45 115 1-00 -85 75 -45 -25 
 65 -00 -00 -00 -45 -20 '30 10 '05 '35 '52 '40 TOO -85 -80 110 2'25 2-20 0-45 2->>5 !% 1-45 1-00 1-8? 
 85 -45 -35 -30 -25 -20 18 IS 10 10 15 13 O'OO '00 -00 O'OO 0'20 0-35 -35 1-25 075 0-65 0-35 0-30 
 20 -05 10 -25 10 18 10 12 10 '05 '00 '00 '00 "00 -00 -30 -80 1-25 -45 0-25 45 80 70 
 45 '35 -00 -00 -00 '20 '00 15 17 15 -00 '00 '00 '00 10 15 -08 0'45 -25 ^0 18 -05 -00 -00 
 10 -00 -05 -00 -00 -00 -Oil -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 15 10 -05 -00 -02 -00 -02 -oo 
 00 -02 -00 -03 -05 -02 -00 '00 -07 '00 '00 "00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -45 -50 -31 -so -118 15 10 -06 
 
 14 
 10 
 09 
 39 
 86 
 35 
 37 
 12 
 02 
 09 
 
 P.g5 
 
 ,H| 
 
 IB 
 & 
 
 GO n 
 
 ' a 
 
 O <P 
 
 
 
 o .a 
 
 sp 
 
 o 
 
 g 
 
 Mean. j -3;> -i -!M "27 -38 -43 -35 -36 -2 "19 -13 "09 "09 -09 -10 -18 -31 -38 -S3 "51 -35 -31 '30 '27 
 
 28| 
 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 3|, 
 
 c-i. 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m hm h m 
 
 =! " 
 
 II 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 18.il 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.4l' 3.4l' 
 
 & * 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 parU p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p.' p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p . p . p . p . 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 10 11 9 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 17 22 24 25 24 24 22 24 24 12 12 12 
 
 181 
 
 S 
 
 
 2 
 
 15 14 17 19 18 17 17 20 26 26 26 26 26 26 24 25 26 26 28 28 28 13 13 13 
 
 242 
 
 W S W 
 
 
 3 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 17 18 19 18 17 16 18 19 19 20 21 20 20 12 13 12 13 12 
 
 176 
 
 s 
 
 
 4 
 
 13 14 14 14 15 16 18 19 27 26 21 18 20 20 24 24 26 22 24 24 14 14 14 14 
 
 213 
 
 s w by s 
 
 
 ^ 5 
 
 13 6 11 12 13 13 13 23 31 8 12 19 24 24 18 16 17 17 17 14 13 13 13 13 
 
 175 
 
 8 
 
 
 6 
 
 13 13 13 13 15 15 15 15 15 15 18 17 16 16 18 16 18 24 13 13 10 12 13 13 
 
 168 
 
 sbyE 
 
 
 23 7 
 
 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 19 19 21 14 14 14 14 14 13 
 
 164 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 r o 
 
 14 14 14 14 14 14 17 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 22 26 28 31 11 11 11 12 
 
 203 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 ^ 9 
 
 12 12 13 13 13 17 18 17 16 17 25 11 10 9 12 17 13 17 17 16 14 13 7 24 
 
 165 
 
 sbyE 
 
 
 10 
 
 19 14 14 14 14 15 16 17 17 17 19 20 21 26 30 3 29 31 28 25 23 25 28 28 
 
 231 
 
 s wby w 
 
 
 1 11 
 
 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 24 24 24 23 23 20 17 18 18 14 14 13 13 13 13 
 
 135 
 
 SE 
 
 
 Q 12 
 
 14 15 15 16 17 21 22 20 20 22 22 22 23 23 23 25 25 25 24 25 14 15 15 15 
 
 224 
 
 s w 
 
 
 fc 13 
 
 13 13 20 18 18 18 24 20 19 21 20 23 20 20 24 24 24 24 22 21 20 20 14 29 
 
 229 
 
 s w 
 
 
 14 
 
 24 20 20 24 24 24 23 23 23 25 22 22 22 25 25- 23 24 25 26 26 26 26 28 29 
 
 271 
 
 w 
 
 
 "~ 15 
 
 23 23 16 16 16 15 15 15 22 23 21 22 23 24 24 24 24 26 26 26 27 25 26 25 
 
 247 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 S 16 
 
 25 20 20 20 18 18 19 20 21 20 20 20 23 24 28 28 28 24 24 23 23 22 22 22 
 
 249 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 S 17 
 
 21 19 19 19 24 24 24 24 24 24 23 23 23 25 24 25 26 25 25 24 24 24 23 21 
 
 261 
 
 wby s 
 
 
 18 
 
 20 20 23 29 28 26 20 20 20 20 21 23 22 21 22 22 22 21 22 21 21 21 20 20 
 
 246 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 fa 19 
 
 16 16 16 20 16 16 19 19 19 19 27 28 27 26 25 26 26 26 25 25 25 23 23 23 
 
 249 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 20 
 
 Bd. stopped. 15 14 14 17 17 17 17 21 21 21 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 20 20 20 21 
 
 222 
 
 s w 
 
 
 fc 21 
 
 3 3 3 3 15 18 18 18 18 26 26 26 26 23 23 23 23 22 23 24 24 24 26 25 
 
 277 
 
 w by N 
 
 
 O oo 
 
 ( * ~- 
 
 25 23 20 20 20 24 24 25 25 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 22 22 21 21 23 23 23 23 
 
 255 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 g 23 
 
 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 21 22 22 23 23 23 23 23 21 22 23 22 24 25 Bd. stopped. 
 
 252 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 W 
 
 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 24 24 25 25 25 25 25 20 21 23 23 23 Bd. stopped. 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 S 25 
 
 _ _ _ 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 24 24 24 24 23 22 22 
 
 282 
 
 w by N 
 
 
 Q 26 
 
 13 16 16 14 19 19 19 20 20 21 22 22 23 23 23 21 21 22 23 22 21 21 22 21 
 
 227 
 
 s w 
 
 
 Q 27 
 
 22 13 16 13 18 19 17 18 18 17 17 17 17 24 24 25 25 25 25 24 23 22 21 21 
 
 225 
 
 sw 
 
 
 28 
 
 21 21 16 16 16 17 4 12 12 23 23 23 24 22 23 25 22 22 23 24 23 22 22 22 
 
 239 
 
 s wby w 
 
 
 29 
 
 21 21 21 20 18 18 17 17 18 24 23 24 24 23 24 24 24 24 26 26 26 27 27 28 
 
 255 
 
 wby s 
 
 
 30 ' 
 
 26 20 22 22 22 18 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 25 24 23 23 23 
 
 262 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Hourly ( 
 Means , 
 
 197 171 174 183 191 207 211 219 234 231 239 238 243 249 255 258 257 261 253 250 229 214 212 224 
 ssw. sbE sbE s sbw ssw swbs swbs swbw swbw swbw swbw wsw wsw wbs wbs wbs wbs wsw wsw sw swbs swbs sw 
 
 J225 
 
 i W 
 
 
 is-S| [W 
 
 4 3 4 5 5 4 8 10 8 8 9 12 15 14 15 16 14 17 11 6 5 7 
 
 200 Obs.NW 
 
 S *lj g j sw 
 
 9 12 15 13 14 15 18 20 17 16 19 19 19 16 13 15 14 14 13 8 9 11 11 11 
 
 341 s w 
 
 
 13 13 11 12 11 9 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 1 3 5 9 11 11 10 
 
 149 s E 
 
 ^. * Cf ( jjg 
 
 232211211000000100000010 
 
 17 MB 
 
 
 lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. l lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. Ib. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 | 
 
 1 
 
 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0'08 012 010 010 0-09 0-04 0'03 0-03 0-08 
 
 0'03 
 
 S 5 
 
 2 
 
 .15 13 -05 -02 -00 -05 15 18 12 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 10 12 15 17 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 
 
 .06 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -02 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 '05 '00 '02 '00 -08 10 '06 
 
 02 
 
 II 
 
 4 
 
 05 '03 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '03 -08 '09 '02 '00 '00 '00 '00 -07 12 14 10 12 '02 -01 '03 10 
 
 04 
 
 
 5 
 
 05 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 10 12 10 -04 -06 '07 '04 '00 
 
 02 
 
 o o 
 
 6 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -05 
 
 00 
 
 o ~ 
 
 r- *? 
 
 1_O * 
 
 00 -05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -08 '05 '03 -08 15 17 '20 18 
 
 04 
 
 "S 
 
 
 15 '22 15 10 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '02 '01 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 
 
 03 
 
 T) 3 
 
 O m j 
 
 9 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -30 1-80 -00 -00 -00 -02 '08 '03 -02 '04 '02 '00 '00 '00 
 
 10 
 
 f* ~*^ 
 
 o o S 
 
 1 10 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 O'OO 10 -30 -45 '05 -00 '00 -00 '08 -06 '04 -00 '00 
 
 05 
 
 S-5 a 
 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -05 10 -oo -oo -02 -01 -oo -oo 
 
 01 
 
 ^M O * 
 
 7 12 
 
 15 -06 -00 -00 -05 -01 -07 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -50 '48 '30 '35 10 '00 '00 '00 
 
 09 
 
 O & 
 
 ._ fl OO 
 
 4, 13 
 
 05 -03 -02 -01 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '05 15 12 13 13 10 '00 12 
 
 04 
 
 3 ".9 
 
 8 14 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 15 12 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 01 
 
 SO <D 
 H _, 
 
 S 15 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -03 '02 '09 -03 '00 '00 '02 '01 '03 10 '06 "07 "05 '05 "00 
 
 03 
 
 o &*& 
 
 ^ 16 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 12 -05 '02 '06 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '35 15 18 15 -20 '20 15 
 
 07 
 
 3 a* 
 
 M 17 
 
 00 '00 '00 -00 -00 1'25 '35 "05 "01 "00 "00 "03 -05 '20 '08 "07 "22 "20 "24 18 10 12 13 "08 
 
 14 
 
 *. 
 
 i is 
 
 05 -00 70 -00 -00 O'OO '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '08 -20 10 "00 '00 '00 '00 
 
 05 
 
 ll 
 
 H 19 
 
 05 '00 '00 -05 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 "05 '00 '00 10 '20 '70 1'25 1-30 '25 '00 "00 '00 '00 
 
 16 
 
 03 <& < 
 
 fa 20 
 
 Bd stopped '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 15 '22 10 12 '25 0'22 015 '02 "04 '05 '07 "02 
 
 07 
 
 13 M 
 fl <y 
 
 21 
 
 02 -00-00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 10 -08 -00 -02 "04 -40 
 
 03 
 
 11 a 
 
 H 22 
 
 35 -20 10 -00 '00 '05 '08 '03 '02 '01 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 10 '22 '40 "00 '00 '00 
 
 07 
 
 JJ 
 
 g 23 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -08 -06 12 10 -oo -05 -co -oo 
 
 02 
 
 
 o 24 
 
 05 -02 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '03 15 '30 "28 '00 '00 '00 '00 
 
 04 
 
 |? 
 
 fa 25 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '65 '30 '00 
 
 04 
 
 'Si) >* 
 
 26 
 
 15 '00 '00 '00 -45 -40 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 10 "20 '30 "32 '20 18 16 15 
 
 11 
 
 w (r* 
 
 27 
 
 20 '00 '02 -00 -25 18 '00 '05 '03 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 10 '35 '32 '50 '30 '33 '54 -38 '25 
 
 16 
 
 is 
 
 28 
 
 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '03 15 -20 10 "08 -02 '02 10 13 15 17 18 '00 
 
 06 
 
 o 
 ~ o 
 
 29 
 
 00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '04 10 '07 '05 '00 12 15 18 '45 -35 "32 '33 '31 '28 '24 
 
 12 
 
 "f2 
 
 30 
 
 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '02 15 '08 13 10 15 "12 10 13 "20 -54 '42 -35 '32 '25 '22 '00 '00 
 
 14 
 
 s 
 
 Means 0'06 "03 '04 "01 '03 '06 '03 '02 '02 '01 '02 '07 '02| '03 '04 '04 13 18 18 13 -09 10 '07 '06 0'06 __* 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 ss g 
 
 a o 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h-m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. lum. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5.41 0.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 R^ 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 parts p. p.' p. p . p . 'p. p.* p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. P- P- P. P- P- 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 19 16 16 14 14 14 15 15 16 20 22 21 22 20 Board Stopped 
 5 12 13 16 16 17 17 17 20 20 20 19 19 20 21 25 27 27 26 26 25 22 23 16 
 
 220 
 
 sw 
 
 
 3 
 
 15 15 15 16 15 16 17 17 17 19 18 20 20 21 21 22 24 24 24 22 22 21 21 12 
 
 213 
 
 swbys 
 
 
 4 
 
 11 12 12 9 10 26 1 5 6 6 6 6 14 22 21 21 22 22 22 22 23 21 20 17 
 
 167 
 
 sby K 
 
 
 5 
 
 14 14 18 15 15 15 15 15 25 25 25 25 25 25 24 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 26 
 
 244 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 ft 6 
 
 22 22 22 15 14 15 15 23 24 25 24 25 24 24 25 24 23 21 24 2] 23 23 21 13 
 
 240 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 S 7 
 
 14 16 17 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 23 23 25 27 26 25 24 23 14 14 14 14 
 
 211 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 tH 8 
 
 14 14 15 16 16 18 18 19 20 22 22 25 26 26 26 25 25 25 23 21 21 13 14 10 
 
 222 
 
 s w 
 
 
 S 9 
 
 6 14 13 14 18 16 17 17 16 17 17 17 17 17 23 24 25 25 24 .25 27 23 20 20 
 
 212 
 
 swbys 
 
 
 10 
 
 16 15 16 17 17 17 26 20 25 27 26 25 24 24 26 25 25 25 25 25 26 28 12 13 
 
 246 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 7 11 
 
 13 13 13 15 15 16 21 20 17 17 ' 17 17 17 17 17 17 21 21 21 23 22 24 21 5 
 
 197 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 n 12 
 
 14 14 15 16 15 20 20 18 20 20 22 22 22 22 22 22 24 23 24 23 23 23 4 5 
 
 212 
 
 s w by s 
 
 
 13 
 
 8 19 15 16 16 16 19 21 22 23 25 25 24 24 25 24 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 
 
 245 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 
 24 24 23 16 16 15 17 17 19 20 22 23 23 23 23 24 23 24 24 25 25 25 25 26 
 
 247 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 ^ 15 
 
 28 12 12 12 16 16 18 18 24 23 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 25 26 28 28 10 10 10 
 
 229 
 
 s w 
 
 
 W 16 
 
 11 13 13 16 16 17 17 12 16 16 17 18 23 23 24 25 25 26 25 26 28 8 9 4 
 
 201 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 9 17 
 
 14 14 14 16 16 15 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 20 25 25 26 26 27 29 8 12 13 13 
 
 202 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 18 
 
 12 13 13 13 13 15 15 15 15 16 17 17 19 19 20 20 24 25 27 28 28 28 10 22 
 
 208 
 
 swbys 
 
 
 fe IQ 
 
 10 10 11 12 12 12 14 14 14 18 18 20 19 18 20 22 23 25 28 28 5 8 7 9 
 
 177 
 
 s 
 
 
 20 
 
 10 11 12 12 12 12 13 14 15 18 19 20 24 22 19 18 19 21 20 20 16 17 13 12 
 
 182 
 
 s 
 
 
 5 21 
 
 10 11 11 11 11 11 15 17' 20 22 23 28 28 29 29 21 20 19 22 22 22 20 22 17 
 
 216 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 2 22 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 18 18 18 19 19 21 26 25 25 28 28 28 26 20 17 12 12 12 
 
 211 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 23 
 
 13 14 20 18 18 18 20 20 20 20 20 19 19 19 19 19 20 18 20 14 14 13 13 15 
 
 198 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 H 24 
 
 14 14 14 15 14 14 15 15 16 18 19 19 19 19 19 18 23 24 24 24 24 22 14 14 
 
 202 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 rt 25 
 
 14 14 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 
 
 187 
 
 sby w 
 
 
 26 
 
 5 6 14 17 17 17 17 19 23 27 26 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 
 
 228 
 
 sw 
 
 
 27 
 
 23 23 24 23 24 24 25 28 28 28 28 27 27 27 27 27 25 25 25 23 23 23 23 24 
 
 283 
 
 wbyN 
 
 
 28 
 
 22 23 22 23 24 21 21 23 24 24 24 24 24 24 21 22 21 23 21 23 22 23 23 23 
 
 255 
 
 wbys 
 
 
 29 
 
 23 19 30 30 30 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 21 22 22 22 22 22 24 26 30 
 
 250 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 30 
 
 22 15 18 24 16 24 24 23 21 20 20 20 20 20 18 19 22 23 22 22 22 24 22 22 
 
 236 
 
 swby w 
 
 
 31 
 
 23 28 29 29 28 21 21 21 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 24 22 28 23 23 
 
 276 
 
 w by N 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 
 
 
 Honrty f 
 
 168 172 185 185 185 190 207 200 216 226 230 234 244 247 253 255 264 265 267 262 253 225 197 185 
 
 o ") 
 
 
 
 MciHIS (^ 
 
 sbE isbE 888 sbw ssw ssw swba sw sw swbw wsw wsw wsw wbs wbs w w wbs wsw sw ssw s 
 
 2213 
 
 s w 
 
 
 iS g | ' 
 
 2 2 3 3 4 3 3 1 7 7 9 10 12 11 13 15 16 18 19 13 10 9 4 5 
 
 199 Obs. NW 
 
 s 1 sw 
 
 8 7 10 15 14 17 19 22 20 23 21 20 18 20 17 15 14 12 11 16 16 13 13 10 
 
 371 aw 
 
 J s'E "! SE 
 
 18 21 18 13 13 11 8 73 00010 000 001 3 8 11 12 
 
 148 8 E 
 
 d l| i NE 
 
 310000111111000000001023 
 
 16 NE 
 
 
 lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb.*lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 3 
 p 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-02 O'Ol O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-08 0'06 O'OO Board Stopped. 
 
 
 " 
 
 o a 
 
 2 
 
 05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-15 0'12 0'17 0'15 0'13 O'll O'lO 
 
 0'04 
 
 , B 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 08 -05 -12 -11 -02 -15 -17 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '10 '15 -35 '27 '22 '00 -18 '20 '13 
 
 10 
 
 &S 
 
 4 
 
 10 -00 -00 -00 '00 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -15 1-45 1'30 -85 75 1'20 1'22 -85 '05 
 
 33 
 
 M > 
 
 5 
 
 00 -08 -02 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '05 -13 '14 '18 '10 '08 -12 075 "50 1-22 1'25 '35 075 -45 '52 
 
 36 
 
 o o 
 
 a o 
 
 6 
 
 10 -05 -00 -01 -00 -00 -00 -06 -20 -21 -20 -10 '12 '10 '08 -15 '20 0'45 0'22 0'15 0'13 -18 '20 '10 
 
 13 
 
 o .2 
 
 *7 
 
 10 -13 -15 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -02 -35 -42 -28 '27 '15 '17 -15 -12 
 
 10 
 
 o ~S 
 
 S 8 
 
 10 -12 '18 -65 -40 '30 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '10 '15 '17 '25 '32 -38 '37 '35 -27 '15 -18 -10 
 
 19 
 
 T3 g 
 
 ^ 9 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -15 -17 -10 -12 -15 '13 -12 '10 
 
 04 
 
 5 o ~*^ 
 
 t! 10 
 
 15 -45 -10 -25 '45 '50 '15 '00 '02 '13 -08 '00 '00 "00 '02 '17 '25 -24 -22 -20 '15 '13 '08 '03 
 
 16 
 
 as 
 
 11 
 
 15 -13 -10 -30 '25 -13 '45 '65 '00 -02 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '10 -20 '24 -22 -18 -16 -10 '02 
 
 14 
 
 -. ^^ rt 
 d 03 
 
 7 12 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 -00 -00 -02 -02 '05 '00 '00 '00 '10 '17 '18 -20 '22 -16 -15 -00 '00 
 
 06 
 
 9 g M 
 
 Q 13 
 
 00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -03 -15 -10 -08 '00 '00 '00 '02 -13 -25 -30 '32 -28 "29 -27 "23 "20 
 
 11 
 
 ~ 11 
 
 53 14 
 
 15 -10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 '00 -00 '00 -08 "06 '00 "00 '10 '12 -25 -27 "24 -22 -24 -23 -22 -10 
 
 10 
 
 if B 
 
 S 15 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -03 '05 "00 -04 -20 -17 '15 -12 '10 "10 '15 '20 '22 '21 -25 '22 -02 -15 -12 
 
 11 
 
 5 o-j 
 
 -- 16 
 
 00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 "15 -18 -22 -25 '24 "22 '20 -02 -10 -00 
 
 07 
 
 ^ O C*H 
 
 S 17 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -10 -13 -15 -10 '05 '07 -08 -05 -03 
 
 03 
 
 ra a> 
 
 18 
 
 00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -10 -12 -15 -08 "00 -00 -00 
 
 02 
 
 g J3.S 
 
 19 
 
 00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -05 '00 -00 -10 -13 -17 "14 -10 "00 "05 -02 '03 -00 
 
 03 
 
 M O 
 
 o 20 
 
 00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -07 -08 -00 -02 '00 -00 '00 '07 '10 -13 '15 -13 -08 -02 -01 
 
 04 
 
 'c oi .S 
 
 21 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 "15 -12 '10 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '03 '14 -12 '08 -02 -00 
 
 04 
 
 o * S 
 
 o 22 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '30 -80 -50 '35 -38 -22 -23 "25 "00 -00 10 -05 -03 
 
 13 
 
 P" B * 
 
 23 
 
 02 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -06 -08 -00 -08 '00 -03 -02 
 
 01 
 
 .9,1 
 
 24 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -20 '18 -12 -13 -20 -03 -02 
 
 04 
 
 gg 
 
 * 25 
 
 07 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 001 -8 : 
 
 26 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -07 -20 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 01 
 
 c 
 
 27 
 
 00 -02 -00 '08 -15 -25 '18 "00 '00 '00 -00 "00 -00 "00 '00 '00 "00 -00 "08 '00 "05 -00 "00 '00 
 
 03 
 
 .9 f 
 
 28 
 
 08 -06 -03 -02 -10 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '03 -10 '08 -15 -18 -10 -00 -00 
 
 04 
 
 o 
 
 29 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -10 '20 -00 -00 -08 -25 -18 -14 '00 
 
 04 
 
 Ji^ 
 
 30 
 
 00 -15 -02 -03 -35 '28 "10 '08 '02 "00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -10 '15 '20 '22 -23 -13 -30 '00 '00 '00 
 
 10 
 
 'o^ H 
 
 31 
 
 15 -06 -01 '03 -00 -12 -00 '00 '03 '08 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '14 -12 '00 '00 '03 '04 -10 -03 -00 
 
 04 
 
 A 
 H 
 
 Means 0"04 '05' "02 '05 '06 '06' '04 '03 '02 "04 '04 '03 '04 '04 '04 '09 '20 '26 '22 -20 '21 -16 -12 '06 1 0'09| 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 97 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 2:.! 
 
 1 >, 
 
 * 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. b.m. h.m. li.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. hm hm hm hm hm 
 
 "1 
 e?SiS 
 
 S 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10. 41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.4l' l.ll 2'.4l' :)A1 
 
 IS* 
 
 *s 
 
 
 
 parts p . p. p . p . p . p. p . p. p . p. p . p . p . p. p. p. p . p ; p p p p p 
 
 o 
 
 
 
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 20 12 12 13 16 24 20 20 22 21 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 21 25 25 23 24 23 24 
 
 234 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 .) 
 
 13 10 16 16 16 16 19 17 16 16 16 16 16 18 21 21 23 24 23 24 25 22 21 12 
 
 205 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 :> 
 
 14 13 13 13 13 13 1 7 18 18 18 18 18 18 20 23 24 25 26 22 23 22 14 13 
 
 206 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 4 
 
 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 18 17 17 18 20 19 19 19 18 20 21 23 22 21 21 12 13 
 
 195 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 '> .1 
 
 14 14 14 15 16 16 15 19 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 24 24 24 25 23 23 24 13 12 
 
 212 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 2 6 
 
 14 14 15 16 16 17 17 19 19 18 18 18 23 25 25 24 23 23 23 23 22 22 21 12 
 
 219 
 
 sw by 8 
 
 
 n 7 
 
 14 19 16 16 16 17 16 17 17 23 26 26 26 26 26 23 23 22 23 21 23 22 21 21 
 
 234 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 02 8 
 
 22 21 19 17 17 18 18 19 19 25 26 26 26 26 25 24 23 22 23 23 23 23 24 23 
 
 249 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 P 9 
 
 21 21 20 21 22 22 23 23 22 23 23 23 23 24 24 23 23 22 22 22 23 21 24 25 
 
 253 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 ~ 10 
 
 21 22 15 15 22 22 22 23 24 24 24 24 24 25 25 20 24 22 22 23 22 22 22 22 
 
 249 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 2 11 11 12 14 14 16 18 18 18 17 16 16 19 23 24 25 24 23 21 21 Board Stopped 
 
 
 
 
 1 12 
 
 20 21 21 21 23 24 Board Stopped 20 20 16 
 
 
 
 
 
 A 13 
 
 7 10 12 13 15 14 16 16 16 16 16 17 22 22 21 21 21 22 22 21 21 21 21 21 
 
 199 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 14 
 
 25 22 22 8 26 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 24 24 23 23 25 25 25 24 25 26 24 25 
 
 284 
 
 w by N 
 
 
 S 15 
 
 22 22 22 26 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 23 22 21 22 22 23 26 26 B. S. 
 
 260 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 16 
 
 27 27 27 Board Stopped 23 Board Stopped 27 28 26 
 
 
 
 
 U 17 
 
 15 15 15 18 16 17 15 16 16 25 26 25 24 24 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 22 22 
 
 232 
 
 swby w 
 
 
 18 
 
 27 20 28 10 11 88 9 22 23 24 24 24 24 24 23 23 24 23 23 21 21 22 21 
 
 228 
 
 s w 
 
 
 19 
 
 17 18 16 4 14 14 13 14 21 22 22 21 21 21 22 20 21 21 20 20 20 20 10 11 
 
 198 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 20 
 
 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 21 20 20 20 21 23 24 26 27 26 26 26 27 26 24 14 14 
 
 234 
 
 swby w 
 
 
 * 21 
 
 16 19 19 20 20 25 23 23 24 24 26 27 27 25 26 27 28 28 28 28 28 4 11 16 
 
 269 
 
 w 
 
 
 g 22 
 
 14 15 15 18 18 25 20 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 22 25 24 26 26 26 26 27 
 
 229 
 
 s w 
 
 
 2 23 
 
 26 26 16 16 16 17 17 19 19 20 20 21 23 23 24 25 27 27 28 29 28 9 10 12 
 
 233 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 S 24 
 
 10 12 13 13 14 15 15 17 18 20 20 17 17 17 17 20 26 28 28 29 12 13 13 13 
 
 195 
 
 sby w 
 
 
 W 25 
 
 14 14 18 16 16 16 19 20 20 21 21 22 25 25 25 21 22 25 26 28 27 23 24 20 
 
 238 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 26 
 
 13 11 13 15 16 16 13 19 19 20 20 21 22 23 23 25 25 25 25 25 27 7 9 9 
 
 207 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 8 27 
 
 12 13 13 13 16 16 17 28 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 26 26 27 28 27 28 9 11 11 
 
 216 
 
 swby s 
 
 
 28 
 
 13 13 16 16 17 16 20 21 21 21 22 24 23 25 25 28 28 28 28 29 28 27 11 12 
 
 240 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 29 
 
 12 12 12 14 22 23 23 20 19 20 22 25 25 25 25 26 27 28 28 28 28 27 27 25 
 
 255 
 
 wby s 
 
 
 30 
 
 13 13 13 13 16 15 15 18 13 13 13 30 28 28 26 27 28 28 28 28 29 10 10 12 
 
 219 
 
 sw bys 
 
 
 31 
 
 13 13 14 14 15 15 15 17 18 19 20 22 22 22 22 23 23 24 26 27 27 26 12 13 
 
 217 
 
 swby s 
 
 
 
 oooooooooo oooooooooooooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Hourly ( 
 
 184 183 185 170 193 202 206 211 218 229 234 246 253 256 258 260 270 273 277 280 272 240 202 195 
 
 1 229 
 
 OTIT 
 
 
 Means ^ 
 
 s s s sbE sbw ssw ssw swbs swbs sw swbwwsw wsw wbs wbs wbs w w wbN wbN w swbw ssw sbw 
 
 } 
 
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 jlfl w 
 
 4' 2 2 1 1 5 1 2 3 5 7 10 11 15 14 12 13 17 16 16 14 9 7 6 
 
 193 Obs. N w 
 
 ol|! sw 
 
 8 10 13 13 22 17 18 24 25 23 21 19 18 14 16 17 16 12 13 12 13 14 9 9 
 
 376 s w 
 
 S 8 * - i s 
 
 18 19 16 15 7 8 9 2 1 1 1 1 4 13 14 
 
 129 SB 
 
 dte.i IN 15 
 
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 1001001 10000000000000200 
 
 6 K E 
 
 
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 Ib. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0'02 0-02 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0'03 0-04 0-10 0'17 0-28 018 014 015 
 
 0-05 
 
 11 
 
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 08 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 -18 -08 -15 -10 "06 -00 -03 
 
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 4 
 
 05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -12 -17 '20 "16 -13 -08 "02 
 
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 11 
 
 5 
 
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 08 -30 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -08 '10 '06 '05 -13 '02 '10 -13 "45 -27 '28 -26 -32 '40 
 
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 17 -13 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '08 '12 "03 '00 '00 '00 '10 -15 '55 '70 '65 -75 1-00 '45 
 
 20 
 
 t3 q 
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 20 -08 -00 -00 '00 -00 '06 '08 "13 -15 -12 '14 12 '00 '00 11 '30 "65 '75 78 '50 '35 0'42 -00 
 
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 15 -03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 '07 12 '03 '00 '00 '00 '00 10 17 "25 -28 -26 -22 -20 '00 
 
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 00 -00 '25 -20 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 "02 '04 '00 '05 15 "20 - Board Stopped - 
 
 
 
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 20 -00 -00 -00 -08 -30 15 16 "08 '00 '07 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 13 -28 "65 '80 70 75 -65 "50 
 
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 2-- 15 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 -35 -40 -35 '27 '33 '35 -30 15 10 12 "25 '50 '45 10 "00 - B. S. - 
 
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 16 
 
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 17 
 
 08 -00 -00 -08 -00 10 -00 '00 '00 17 13 12 14 15 17 19 '40 1-25 1-45 TOO 70 '35 "38 '35 
 
 30 
 
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 S 18 
 
 00 -00 -00 15 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 10 11 '06 12 13 16 018 0"20 017 15 16 18 12 
 
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 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -07 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -03 15 14 16 17 18 17 15 
 
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 15 -08 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '05 '02 '00 '00 "00 "06 '03 '07 12 14 15 16 14 1-2 '07 "08 '02 
 
 06 
 
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 04 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -05 10 13 -06 '02 '00 "04 '08 
 
 02 
 
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 07 -00 -03 -00 -00 -00 '00 13 10 15 10 '08 '02 '00 '00 '04 14 18 12 14 12 13 15 12 
 
 08 
 
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 'hr, ^ 
 
 * 26 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 : 00 10 13 14 12 14 12 10 13 10 
 
 05 
 
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 tc -^ 
 
 27 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 15 13 12 11 14 .15 
 
 04 
 
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 28 
 
 03 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -08 "00 '00 '00 '03 '00 '00 '00 '08 17 16 18 "27 "2:. ".':: 15 12 
 
 07 
 
 " 2 
 
 29 
 
 03 -00 -00 -00 10 -00 '00 -08 '07 "00 10 13 15 14 16 "22 '25 '27 "2ti '25 "24 '22 '25 '00 
 
 12 
 
 =2 
 
 30 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '08 15 "22 17 15 14 '05 '00 '00 
 
 04 
 
 S 
 
 31 
 
 04 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 13 10 -08 12 14 16 12 12 11 "06 '05 '07 
 
 06 
 
 E 
 
 Means '06 '03 '00 '01 '02 '03 "02 "04 "03 "04 "05 '05 '05 "03 "04 -06 "14 '25 -30 '28 "25 "21 '19 -13 1 "10! 
 
 25 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
98 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DIRECTION AND FOKCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 -J. 3456 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Id 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Is* 
 
 |l 
 
 
 
 
 t*i+J c3 
 
 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 i.ll 
 
 P* 
 
 J 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. P- P- 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 17 16 16 16 16 16 16 18 20 30 8 11 11 10 11 11 
 
 144 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 2 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 20 20 17 15 15 15 20 4 2 2 3 10 11 11 
 
 132 
 
 s E 
 
 
 5 3 
 
 10 11 13 14 14 16 20 20 25 19 19 20 20 20 20 28 28 28 28 6 10 10 10 10 
 
 196 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 
 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 23 27 29 28 29 10 11 11 12 
 
 190 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 5 
 
 12 12 12 14 14 14 14 16 16. 16 16 16 16 16 16 20 27 30 30 7 10 11 12 
 
 178 
 
 s 
 
 
 H 6 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 18 19 19 19 19 19 20 25 26 27 25 8 10 10 12 
 
 180 
 
 s 
 
 
 w 7 
 
 14 13 14 14 16 16 16 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 25 26 27 27 27 27 27 27 11 
 
 228 
 
 s w 
 
 
 3 8 
 
 11 12 14 14 14 14 15 16 21 20 20 21 22 23 23 24 24 24 25 24 22 21 16 13 
 
 212 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 g 9 
 
 13 13 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 22 22 23 22 23 23 22 22 23 25 24 24 25 26 8 
 
 218 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 S 10 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 14 16 16 24 24 24 24 24 24 29 28 28 28 28 9 9 13 13 13 
 
 210 
 
 swbys 
 
 
 11 
 
 12 12 12 12 14 15 15 15 16' 17 17 17 17 17 17 25 28 29 30 6 8 8 8 9 
 
 176 
 
 s 
 
 
 1 12 
 
 8 10 12 12 12 13 15 16 20 20 20 20 20 20 25 29 29 30 30 31 7 7 
 
 220 
 
 s w 
 
 
 
 6 6 9 19 18 18 18 18 20 21 21 24 30 31 31 31 30 29 29 30 29 9 10 
 
 243 
 
 w s w 
 
 
 14 
 
 9 9 9 31 26 22 22 20 20 23 23 20 20 22 23 26 24 25 28 27 6 4 4 
 
 224 
 
 s w 
 
 
 5 15 
 
 8 8 12 16 18 18 18 21 21 21 23 23 23 23 23 24 26 28 29 29 2333 
 
 258 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 P 16 
 
 21 21 21 18 16 16 16 25 20 20 24 24 24 24 24 23 '23 23 24 24 25 25 28 28 
 
 252 
 
 w s w 
 
 
 H 17 
 
 28 28 23 23 23 23 19 17 17 25 25 24 26 26 23 23 23 24 25 23 25 28 28 28 
 
 270 
 
 w 
 
 
 W 18 
 
 28 28 28 28 28 28 18 17 18 18 20 22 24 25 24 23 23 23 25 24 23 22 24 24 
 
 265 
 
 w 
 
 
 19 
 
 25 13 10 15 15 15 14 14 14 14 10 17 17 17 17 17 24 24 24 24 24 13 13 13 
 
 192 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 S 20 
 
 15 16 16 16 16 15 16 17 19 21 27 20 21 26 26 30 31 20 15 6 12 12 12 12 
 
 202 
 
 s s w 
 
 
 21 
 
 999999999999999999999999 
 
 101 
 
 E bys 
 
 
 22 
 
 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 18 20 21 22 27 20 15 15 14 15 
 
 181 
 
 s 
 
 
 2 23 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 20 20 20 20 19 14 14 14 14 
 
 157 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 24 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 18 18 18 19 19 19 25 22 23 25 23 25 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 190 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 25 
 
 16 14 15 15 15 15 15 16 19 20 20 20 19 19 19 20 20 20 19 23 12 12 12 12 
 
 191 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 S 26 
 
 13 14 14 16 17 18 17 16 19 20 20 21 21 20 21 25 25 27 28 1 20 21 22 22 
 
 230 
 
 s w 
 
 
 S 27 
 
 16 19 19 18 21 20 21 21 21 21 22 25 23 24 25 27 27 28 28 29 6 9 7 10 
 
 228 
 
 s w 
 
 
 28 
 
 18 16 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 20 21 21 25 25 26 26 26 28 28 29 8 8 8 
 
 212 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 29 
 
 10 9 9 9 9 10 13 13 22 22 22 23 21 25 26 27 26 27 28 1 10 8 11 15 
 
 201 
 
 s s w 
 
 
 30 
 
 18 22 22 22 22 21 21 28 10 12 20 25 24 25 22 28 28 29 29 27 1 31 15 
 
 265 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooo ooooo oooo ooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Hourly f 
 
 157 155 158 162 177 177 174 186 198 209 219 225 225 234 237 263 293 300 296 343 173 55 75 120 
 
 } 20f 
 
 s s w 
 
 
 Means ^ 
 
 SSE SSE SSE SSE s s sbE sbw SBW swbs swbs sw sw swbw swbw wbs WNW WNW WNW Nbw sbE NEbE EbN subs 
 
 
 
 
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 321 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 6 6 11 8 14 20 20 24 14 9 5 6 3 
 
 166 Obs. NW 
 
 ^ll j s w 
 
 5 5 5 8 9 9 13 16 19 22 24 21 20 15 18 15 8 8 2 4 3 3 2 1 
 
 255 s w 
 
 I'l * 1 S E 
 
 21 22 24 20 19 19 17 12 9 6 3 3 4 4 3 1 1134 14 18 18 23 
 
 269 s E 
 
 W I s E 
 
 1101000000000010 11184443 
 
 30 N E 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
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 1 
 
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 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 .00 -00 -07 '08 10 11 -06 -05 10 '08 
 
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 5 
 
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 00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -08 -07 '04 '00 '02 '07 '08 '06 
 
 02 
 
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 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -04 -02 -02 -00 '03 '06 '05 10 
 
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 00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -05 -00 "08 -02 -06 '03 
 
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 02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -04 10 -07 '03 '01 '08 0'3 '05 
 
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 7 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 12 -09 12 10 14 16 12 '00 
 
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 00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -04 -06 -12 '25 "20 "22 '23 "26 15 10 
 
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 02 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 .00 -00 -00 '03 '00 -08 '03 .02 '02 -00 '06 15 16 '22 '25 "28 17 "02 
 
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 a 1-1 ^ 
 
 W 10 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
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 11 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 14 12 -05 -07 "08 '03 "00 
 
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 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 12 15 18 '25 -28 14 
 
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 08 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 10 13 -25 '22 18 '65 "40 "25 
 
 10 
 
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 08 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 15 -03 "00 '00 10 -65 '45 "37 "25 "20 17 15 
 
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 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
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 22 
 
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 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 10 -13 14 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
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 25 
 
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 01 
 
 
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 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 18 15 13 -03 "04 '08 -06 -05 
 
 03 
 
 be ^ 
 
 27 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -05 '06 12 14 -08 12 13 15 14 15 "03 '02 -00 "00 -00 
 
 05 
 
 2 a 
 
 28 
 
 02 -00 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '08 -00 -03 -05 12 15 17 18 15 13 '00 -00 -00 
 
 05 
 
 8 o> 
 
 29 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 13 15 18 -08 -00 "00 -00 '00 
 
 02 
 
 l| 
 
 30 
 
 05 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "04 -08 -00 -00 -00 "03 -00 
 
 01 
 
 o 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 Means | O'Ol '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 "01 -00 '01 -01 '02 -01 -01 -01 '02 -07 10 11 '08 '08 '09 '06 '04 0'03 | 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 99 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OP THE WIND 
 
 Gottingeu Noon i .. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 ^ 
 
 d 
 
 
 i 
 
 seS" ~ 
 
 aS 
 
 
 
 
 r^"*^ ~. 
 
 g 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h-m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h-m. li.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m hm h m 
 
 ~ c 
 
 ?,z 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5.41 6.11 7.41 8.41 0.11 10.11 11.41 la.H 1.1.11 11.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 2S. H SS.ll 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 ' 
 
 * 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Darts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 9 10 10 10 11 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 27 19 19 19 28 28 1 1076 5 
 
 110 
 
 E S E 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 6 12 12 12 12 12 4 26 25 24 24 24 24 24 24 28 3 5 10 10 8 9 
 
 29 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 3 
 
 10 11 13 13 13 22 22 22 _'_' 22 22 22 22 22 22 27 27 28 28 26 22 7 11 11 
 
 219 
 
 s w by s 
 
 
 4 
 
 14 13 13 13 14 14 21 21 21 21 23 22 24 24 24 24 28 28 27 26 8 16 13 13 
 
 217 
 
 s TV by s 
 
 
 S 5 
 
 11 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 19 19 20 20 20 20 26 26 27 28 28 29 7 9 10 
 
 101 
 
 . ' 
 E by s 
 
 
 6 
 
 29 14 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 27 27 28 30 8 12 12 12 11 
 
 103 
 
 E by s 
 
 
 ~ 7 
 
 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 27 15 12 11 10 10 9 8 
 
 103 
 
 E by s 
 
 
 3 8 
 
 !) 9 !) 10 10 10 10 10 10 K) 10 10 10 6 6 6 10 8 9 11 11 10 9 10 
 
 105 
 
 B by s 
 
 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 7 7 28 29 5 & 7 7 7 7 8 
 
 87 
 
 E 
 
 
 10 
 
 577666666666654025557777 
 
 62 
 
 E N E 
 
 
 L 11 
 
 666554 2 2 4 3 3 3 3 31 19 20 26 27 25 29 31 30 30 
 
 
 
 N 
 
 
 o 1:i 
 
 1 1 1 1 31 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 4 4 5 5 4 3 2 34556 
 
 19 
 
 N N E 
 
 
 A 13 
 
 is 6 9 9 9 9 8 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 18 18 21 30 20 16 9 8 8 7 
 
 124 
 
 s E by E 
 
 
 K 14 
 
 6 3 3 3 2 7 7 7 9 9 21 27 29 29 29 30 30 3 31 31 29 29 29 28 
 
 15 
 
 nby E 
 
 
 -i 15 
 
 044444 4 4 4 21 28 29 29 29 29 29 3 4 4 31 8 8 6 8 
 
 25 
 
 N N E 
 
 
 ^ 16 
 
 777777 788888880000 20 20 19 8 11 8 
 
 90 
 
 Z 
 
 
 a 17 
 
 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 4 4 28 27 18 14 12 12 10 11 11 
 
 88 
 
 E 
 
 
 PC 18 
 
 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 12 18 18 18 18 18 18 28 28 28 29 30 8 9 9 8 
 
 101 
 
 Eby s 
 
 
 =- 19 
 
 888884 4884444 550 30 30 9 89888 
 
 64 
 
 E N E 
 
 
 ^ 20 
 
 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 28 28 29 30 30 5 30 4 4 4 5 
 
 28 
 
 SE by N 
 
 
 i>] 
 
 4 4 4 4 4 30 12 8 8 28 28 30 1 2 1 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 
 
 34 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 K 22 
 
 4 4 4 5 5 6 r, 6 6 8 9 8 12 13 20 28 27 28 31 30 
 
 31 
 
 KB by N 
 
 
 2 2:5 
 
 1 1 1 31 31 30 30 29 31 30 29 29 28 28 26 28 28 31 29 30 30 31 
 
 338 
 
 N N W 
 
 
 H 24 
 
 30 30 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 29 28 28 28 29 29 28 26 28 27 28 30 31 31 31 
 
 322 
 
 Nwby N 
 
 
 H 25 
 
 '28 28 28 31 3 2 1 1 30 31 31 31 31 31 31 30 31 
 
 352 
 
 N by w 
 
 
 S 2( > 
 
 31 30 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 28 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 29 29 29 28 
 
 325 
 
 NW by N 
 
 
 H-I 07 
 
 .. ^l/ 
 
 30 30 30 28 28 Board Stopped 30 30 30 30 30 B. S. 
 
 f 
 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 31 30 30 Board Stopped 11 
 
 ? 
 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 1 1 11 1 1 1 29 28 28 28 28 28 28 27 25 26 28 29 29 30 1 1 
 
 337 
 
 N N W 
 
 
 30 
 
 31 31 24 24 23 23 29 27 25 23 24 24 22 22 25 25 22 24 27 26 25 25 26 
 
 285 
 
 w by N 
 
 
 31 
 
 25 25 26 23 22 22 23 22 24 23 23 22 22 23 24 25 28 27 29 27 27 27 27 28 
 
 282 
 
 why N 
 
 
 
 ooo oooooooo ooooo oooooooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 Hourly | 
 
 48 54 53 54 53 48 92 82 45 177 87 30 84 25 51 316 312 330 348 321 52 52 50 47 
 
 i ._ 
 
 
 Means i 
 
 NE NEbE NEbE NEbE XEbE NE E F.bN NE S K NEbN EbN NE XEbE KW MW XWbN NbW NWbX NEbE NEbl NE NE 
 
 ) ' 
 
 NE 
 
 i-5~ (NW 
 
 6 6 6 5 6 5 4 5 7 8 8 11 11 12 13 21 21 18 16 15 9 8 8 8 
 
 237 Obs.NW 
 
 ifiljsw 
 
 0001 14543786467322222 100 
 
 70 ., s w 
 
 s 1'E ? 1 s E 
 
 10 11 12 13 13 10 10 12 12 9 8 8 7 5 2 1255 10 10 12 13 
 
 200 ,. s E 
 
 -' O J3 1 
 ' '1* o u 1 1C K 
 
 15 14 13 12 11 11 11 . 9 8 6 6 5 8 7 9 7 6 8 7 7 8 10 10 9 
 
 217 ,. N E 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0-00 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0-04 0-00 010 0-02 010 0-00 O'OO 
 
 o-oi 
 
 *^ P 
 
 2 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -90 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 04 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -QO -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -08 13 '05 '03 '00 '00 '00 
 
 01 
 
 7 O 
 
 a* *- 
 
 4 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo .00 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -02 -03 -02 -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 Q> o 
 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 13 17 19 -08 12 -03 '02 '00 
 
 04 
 
 o c 
 
 fe 6 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -03 10 
 
 01 
 
 g 
 
 * 7 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -03 -08 -03 
 
 01 
 
 
 & 8 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -03 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 
 K 9 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -03 -03 -01 -02 
 
 oo 
 
 13 W 4^ 
 O o S 
 
 o 1 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -03 -05 -04 -03 -02 
 
 01 
 
 - | 
 
 r^ * 1 
 
 03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -uO "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -05 
 
 01 
 
 u- y. a 
 
 CJ 12 
 
 05 '08 '03 -01 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 18 10 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '08 12 10 -05 
 
 03 
 
 O f~t 
 
 9 13 
 
 05 -02 10 18 -05 '07 '00 '03 '00 '00 '00 -00 -05 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 "00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 
 
 02 
 
 IB p aj 
 "3 K & 
 
 1 14 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -05 -00 -00 -00 
 
 00 
 
 Its 
 
 ? 15 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 ' "S 
 
 f-t 
 
 r 16 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 fi Vi 
 
 > 17 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 'a |.S 
 
 PS 18 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 00 
 
 
 W 19 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 co oi QJ 
 
 ^ 20 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 . -oo 
 
 3 a -2 
 
 - 21 
 
 03 -01 -00 '"00 -00 -03 -90 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 00 '00 '00 '25 -20 '22 '25 '30 '28 -26 '45 -60 
 
 16 
 
 r* O *"" 
 
 22 
 
 85 10 15 -40 -35 15 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 17 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 10 15 18 '25 '28 "30 
 
 14 
 
 P X * 
 
 W 23 
 
 20 15 10 '08 -07 10 -05 '03 '02 '01 '05 '03 '04 '02 '05 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -06 12 -02 "00 
 
 05 
 
 
 g 24 
 
 15 -30 '00 -00 -00 -02 '01 '00 '00 "28 '20 '24 '22 '25 '22 17 15 70 '80 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 
 
 15 
 
 S 
 
 g 25 
 
 00 15 't)6 "20 '25 -00 '35 '32 '25 "26 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '03 '45 1'85 1'35 115 '65 '80 
 
 34 
 
 
 fe 26 
 
 25 10 -03 -05 10 12 '08 13 '08 15 13 18 '05 10 '08 10 '25 75 '95 0'80 0'85 0'55 '43 -30 
 
 28 
 
 be >^i 
 
 27 
 
 00 -00 '00 -00 -00 Board Stopped '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 B. S. 
 
 
 
 ~ 'c 
 
 28 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 Board Stopped '00 '00 
 
 
 i. a 
 
 29 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 10 -20 -24 -so 10 -oo 
 
 ol 
 
 
 30 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 
 o" 
 
 31 
 
 02 -03 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 "00 '05 '00 '00 '00 "00 10 15 12 18 '20 17 13 12 "28 
 
 06 
 
 
 Means |0'OH '03 '02 '03 '03 '02 '05 '02 '04 '02 '01 '02 '02 '02 '01 -02 '03 '07 11 13 12 11 '08 '09 f 0'05 _ 
 
100 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12345678 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 S 5 5.1 
 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h.m. hrn. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.,n. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m h.m. h.m 
 4.tl 5.41 6,41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 13.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.11 21.41 22. H 23.41 0.41 1.11 2.41 .i. U 
 
 !W *I 
 
 
 
 parts p- p- p. p. p. p. p. p. P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 28 28 28 28 27 26 25 25 27 24 23 23 22 23 21 22 23 22 23 23 22 22 22 21 
 
 271 
 
 \v 
 
 
 2 
 
 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 22 22 18 12 20 20 20 19 19 
 
 230 
 
 s w 
 
 
 o 3 
 
 16 15 15 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 20 20 18 20 12 15 14 14 13 
 
 172 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 oo 4 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 20 15 15 16 16 14 14 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 153 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 PH 5 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 )2 10 9 9 9 11 10 10 10 
 
 134 
 
 S Ti 
 
 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 27 15 15 14 9 11 10 12 12 
 
 143 
 
 s K by s 
 
 ' 
 
 7 
 
 14 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 10 10 4 4 10 10 8 5 5 5 5 
 
 103 
 
 E by N 
 
 3 8 
 
 666666666644443 30 4 5 66 5 43 3 
 
 53 
 
 x E by E 
 
 !? 9 554444444444444777676665 
 
 56 
 
 x K by K 
 
 % 10 
 
 555 Board Stopped 34554444 
 
 . 'i 
 
 
 
 . 11 
 
 556666677776666555555555 
 
 64 
 
 1! X E 
 
 
 1 12 
 
 434444444444444024566555 
 
 45 
 
 X E 
 
 
 1 
 
 O 13 
 
 5 444554445 644 30 30 30 2 6666655 
 
 44 
 
 X E 
 
 
 * 14 
 
 55 55544431110224455554 
 
 42 
 
 X E 
 
 
 S 15 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 31 31 28 29 28 28 31 30 30 2 3 
 
 o 
 
 X 
 
 
 16 11 10 11 6 6 31 12 12 19 28 28 28 35554444444 
 
 56 
 
 x E by E 
 
 
 S 17 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 1 31 31 1 1 2 2 2 2 
 
 27 
 
 N N E 
 
 
 18 
 
 3222222221 00000101123333 
 
 17 
 
 X X E 
 
 
 19 
 
 2 2 2 2 1 1 29 29 30 31 31 30 30 31 31 002111 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 20 
 
 o i ft <?1 91 ^1 31 9m 1 f) A 9 o ) 9 o 
 
 12 
 
 x by E 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 1 1 1 i 9 i 2 2 *1 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 1 1 1 
 
 3 
 
 N 
 
 
 5 22 
 
 2 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 1 1 2 3 
 
 
 
 N 
 
 
 2 23 444444433333020203444444 
 
 35 
 
 s E by N 
 
 
 g 24 5 5 5 5 5 6 5 5 4 31 31 31 31 31 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 
 
 34 
 
 K E by x 
 
 
 H 25 
 
 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 30 30 30 30 30 31 1 3 3 3 32 4 4 
 Q } '! Q > > ! } Q 9S 9R 9R 98 28 28 97 98 98 ! 1 '^ 'i 4. 4, 
 
 22 
 4 
 
 NNE 
 
 
 P 27 
 
 555 5 67778888844 29 29 3 466666 
 
 59 
 
 N E by E 
 
 
 28 
 
 5567777775111 11024455665 
 
 49 
 
 K E 
 
 
 29 
 
 4444444444444444 31 1 144244 
 
 39 
 
 s K by N 
 
 
 30 
 
 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 7 8 7 5 5 28 29 29 30 2455 B. S. 
 
 ? 
 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ooooo oooooooo ooo oooo oooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 Hourly | 
 
 68 64 66 64 64 49 49 65 64 72 31 30 15 26 24 359 15 47 40 41 55 52 56 67 
 
 \ 45 
 
 . 
 
 Means ) 
 
 E.N'E ENE ENE ENE EXE NE NE ESB EXE ENK NEbK NEbN NbE NNE NNE N -\bB XE XK XE XEbE NEbE NEbf. ENE 
 
 5 
 
 
 |-fl|fw 
 
 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 5 9 8 8 9 8 13 7 5 2 1 1 1 
 
 92 Obs. N u 
 
 ^"S * 1 S "W 
 
 211111 1 11222322443222222 
 
 46 s \v 
 
 u^ fi'fc C 1 *! -.j, 
 
 c J3 1 
 
 5665 5 5 568666555124554444 
 
 117 ,. s K 
 
 fllj^f 
 
 22 22 22 22 21 21 21 20 17 16 12 13 13 13 14 11 17 18 21 22 22 22 23 23 
 
 448 N Y. 
 
 
 lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. II). Ib. lb. lb. lb. lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 0-30 0-28 0-45 0'50 0'48 0'30 0'32 0'40 TOO 070 T80 2'20 2'35 T55 070 0'90 1-65 0'8o 1'25 110 0'65 O'SO 048 0'42 
 
 0-88 
 
 |l 
 
 2 
 
 05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -04 10 '08 014 16 0'06 0'08 0'02 O'OO -00 10 O'CS '00 O'OO 0'02 13 15- 18 13 
 
 06 
 
 g 
 
 3 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -06 -00 '00 -00 -00 -08 12 11 
 
 02 
 
 2 ~- 
 
 4 
 
 10 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -03 12 
 
 01 
 
 si 
 
 E5 5 
 
 00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -04 12 
 
 01 
 
 o 
 
 3 6 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -on -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 
 
 P3 7 
 
 oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 1 
 
 H 8 
 
 02 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 12 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 01 
 
 
 S 9 
 
 13 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -01 12 14 15 13 10 12 13 15 
 
 05 
 
 . o^ 
 
 
 
 
 o o 
 
 11 
 
 10 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 12 15 18 17 '25 -24 -22 '20 
 
 07 
 
 fZ i 
 
 O 12 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -02 10 15 18 16 15 
 
 03 
 
 *s ** 
 
 X 13 
 
 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 18 -00 -02 15 -22 15 
 
 04 
 
 
 1 14 
 
 12 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -00 -02 12 15 -20 '25 "24 '28 '30 
 
 07 
 
 Ed M tt 
 
 g 15 
 
 18 -20 '25 15 16 17 16 10 12 '00 15 18 12 -00 "00 14 18 '08 13 -08 12 13 10 '02 
 
 12 
 
 
 S 16 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '02 10 -25 -30 "32 -55 -85 115 T05 "80 
 
 22 
 
 C =" 
 
 17 
 
 20 15 12 13 -i>8 -06 '02 -01 "00 "00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -02 10 17 '25 '32 '60 0'62 0'45 -30 
 
 15 
 
 T3 m 
 
 ra 18 
 
 20 10 -00 12 15 10 '08 '07 '05 '08 "00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '02 10 13 15 18 -80 70 '30 '00 
 
 14 
 
 3 II 
 
 19 
 
 35 '22 15 12 -05 '03 '08 '03 '00 "02 13 12 13 10 15 "22 18 --'0 17 -30 1-55 1-05 '80 '60 
 
 28 
 
 * o S 
 
 EH 20 
 
 -28 -25 18 17 "20 18 15 -08 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -05 13 15 -30 -65 070 0-55 -50 '60 
 
 21 
 
 r H M .5 
 
 Pn 21 
 
 35 '38 "25 '22 '20 M>2 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '02 -05 -07 10 15 16 '22 -J4 '30 '45 1'05 "85 1-20 
 
 26 
 
 5 .g o 
 
 GO 
 
 22 
 
 110 '60 -30 -32 15 10 '08 12 15 10 18 "22 -20 -24 -23 -25 -80 115 1-25 145 1'25 0'80 75 070 
 
 52 
 
 * ' 
 
 pa 23 
 
 070 -55 -45 -40 '38 '25 '26 -00 '00 '00 '08 -00 '05 -00 '00 10 13 015 0-30 0"65 15 1'35 1-45 -85 
 
 39 
 
 .2-0 
 
 o 24 
 
 35 '25 10 '06 '08 '00 "00 '00 "00 "00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -0.'! 12 18 '20 '25 0'27 0'30 0'3-> -35 
 
 23 
 
 go 
 
 % 25 
 
 30 '25 15 -08 -00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 "00 .00 -08 .18 -22 -24 '25 12 -00 -00 
 
 08 
 
 
 g 26 
 
 25 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 -08 13 17 '22 -25 -32 -98 
 
 08 
 
 'Sit 1 
 
 27 
 
 20 '03 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 MM) -03 -08 13 10 15 11 
 
 08 
 
 - c 
 
 28 
 
 10 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -05 -07 -08 13 17 18 
 
 o: 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 17 12 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -02 13 15 '20 15 -92 -'4 
 
 Ot, 
 
 
 30 
 
 20 10 -00 -00 -00 .00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 M)0 -00 M)0 -24 -26 K. S 
 
 
 a 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 Means 0'20 13 '09 '08 '07 '04 -04 '03 "05 "04 '09 10 10 -07 "05 '08 16 16 '21 '26 -36 -36 '33 -29 1 014 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 101 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Got tinge n 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 1^ 
 
 J 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 li.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. hm hm h m 
 
 |-|| 
 
 31 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 l.U .-..H 6.41 7.41 8.41 0.41 1041 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2'.4l' 3.H 
 
 s* 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p . p . p . p . Q 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 444444444444443344444444 
 
 44 
 
 N E 
 
 
 o 
 
 444444444333333344444444 
 
 42 
 
 N E 
 
 
 5 ; "i 
 
 444444400000000000444444 
 
 24 
 
 N NE 
 
 
 oo 4 
 
 444445555555. 44 7776655544 
 
 56 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 rr> 
 
 44 554444 553 3 29 29 2 31 04444444 
 
 34 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 K 6 
 
 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 28 30 30 30 30 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 
 
 13 
 
 , * 
 N by E 
 
 
 7 
 
 44 4 4 3 3 1 28 28 28 28 30 30 30 30 31 31 2 2 3 
 
 2 
 
 N 
 
 
 S 8 
 
 44 4 4 4 2 1 31 30 30 30 31 31 31 31 000233444 
 
 15 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 o 9 
 
 2 2 3 44 44 4 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 31 1 2 2 3 
 
 9 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 10 
 
 21 1 1 30 30 -30 30 29 29 29 29 30 31 31 31 31 31 31 30 29 29 30 
 
 345 
 
 N by w 
 
 
 11 
 
 31 31 0232345677788979769789 
 
 61 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 1 12 
 
 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 5 4 4 4 31 4 4 7 8 7 6 
 
 93 
 
 E 
 
 
 5 13 
 
 433322222226666222466666 
 
 43 
 
 NE 
 
 
 q u 
 
 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 28 28 27 28 28 3 4 7 7 7 
 
 34 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 15 
 
 88888888888741 1111999987 
 
 73 
 
 E NE 
 
 
 w 10 
 
 r, 5 556666666 66 24 24 24 24 24 12 27797 
 
 37 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 a ] " 
 
 86 6 6667 7889 999 9 25 24 26 22 20 7655 
 
 44 
 
 N E 
 
 
 3 18 
 
 44444444444467 777255. 4554 
 
 52 
 
 NEby E 
 
 
 1=4 1! > 
 
 24 7667888444433351 31 688766 
 
 53 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 C 20 
 
 444444444433333102444444 
 
 38 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 jg. 21 
 
 443344444445555445554444 
 
 47 
 
 NE 
 
 
 22 
 
 4 44444444444464443554443 
 
 46 
 
 N E 
 
 
 2 23 
 
 33 333333333 30 29 29 29 29 03443333 
 
 20 
 
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 b 24 
 
 555555677867555588877776 
 
 70 
 
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 g 25 
 
 443454465444333555555555 
 
 49 
 
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 g 26 
 
 66 6554444443300166'566665 
 
 49 
 
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 a 27 
 
 44444332222111 1004544444 
 
 31 
 
 NEby N 
 
 
 28 
 
 444334444444444044445555 
 
 44 
 
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 29 
 
 33 334444432 22 31 031 12334444 
 
 30 
 
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 30 
 
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 52 
 
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 31 
 
 44 44455444444443 31 5555555 
 
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 oooooo oooo ooooooooooooo o 
 
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 Hourly C 
 
 45 48 48 48 49 48 48 44 41 40 37 38 33 21 23 15 19 23 44 51 51 53 52 51 
 
 t A.I 
 
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 Means 
 
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 > ti 
 
 M 
 
 i|^| [N w 
 
 2 10001 1344567 10 896 7111111 
 
 80 Obs. N w 
 
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 32222333343222211 2323231 
 
 56 SB 
 
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 26 28 29 29 29 27 27 25 24 23 23 23 22 19 21 21 24 22 26 27 27 28 27 29 
 
 606 N E 
 
 
 11). Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 'o 
 
 1 
 
 010 0-09 O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-00 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO 013 017 0-25 0-40 0-35 0'42 0'35 0'33 
 
 Oil 
 
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 g 
 
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 I". 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 15 18 -20 -22 -25 -26 
 
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 25 18 '08 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 -02 -05 13 15 -20 '22 -25 18 
 
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 70 -65 '50 -35 "20 '25 '50 -52 '60 70 -67 '65 "45 '55 1-20 1-35 -65 70 "68 '50 -40 -35 -38 '42 
 
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 03 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
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 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -03 -02 -oo 
 
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 fc 16 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
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 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 12 -00 -00 -06 -08 10 12 
 
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 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -06 -08 10 -00 -00 
 
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 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -00 -03 -07 -04 '02 
 
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 07 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00' -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -00 15 -20 "25 -28 "32 -20 
 
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 21 
 
 12 10 10 -05 -05 -00 -00 "00 "00 "00 "00 '00 "00 "00 '00 '02 10 15 18 "20 "25 '28 -27 '30 
 
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 fe 22 
 
 25 10 '08 -05 -00 -00 "00 '00 '00 "00 "00 "00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 10 13 10 15 16 14 
 
 05 
 
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 23 
 
 07 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 12 -35 "25 '20 "35 "60 "47 
 
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 12 14 -05 -00 -00 -02 '00 "00 "00 "00 "00 "00 "00 -00 "00 "00 "08 10 "30 "22 '23 -25 -28 -22 
 
 08 
 
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 25 
 
 22 -08 -02 -02 -03 '03 10 10 11 '08 "00 "00 '00 '00 "00 "05 15 -25 "42 -30 "25 -22 -25 "20 
 
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 26 
 
 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 10 -20 -30 -35 '27 '25 -28 -27 
 
 09 
 
 & - 
 
 fe 27 
 
 30 -25 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 -00 "00 "00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 13 -30 -28 -45 "55 -62 -55 
 
 14 
 
 '" 
 
 28 
 
 35 -30 -20 -22 '05 '07 11 "08 '02 "03 "00 -00 "00 -00 "00 "00 10 75 -85 -92 110 '80 -85 -45 
 
 30 
 
 O CD 
 
 29 
 
 10 -08 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -08 -06 -65 75 072 '82 -40 -32 
 
 17 
 
 =2H 
 
 30 
 
 12 10 "08 -07 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 "00 "00 -00 "07 15 17 -20 '25 -22 -25 
 
 07 
 
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 31 
 
 12 -11 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 14 13 15 12 13 13 12 
 
 o.-, 
 
 E 
 
 Means 015 11 '05 '03 -02 '02 '02 '02 '03 '03 '02 '02 '02 '02 '04 '06 "07 13 '21 "23 '26 -27 '27 "23 1 010! 
 
 26 
 
102 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 
 DEPTH OF R.MN 
 
 AND EVAPOBATION IN INCHES 
 
 JANUARY 
 
 FEBRUARY 
 
 MARCH 
 
 APRIL 
 
 MAY 
 
 JUNE 
 
 JULY 
 
 AUGUST 
 
 SEPTEMBER 
 
 OCTOBER 
 
 NOYKMBF.K 
 
 DECEMBER 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 ^ight Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 "light Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-050 0-021 
 013 
 
 Night Day 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 1 j 
 
 P4 11 
 O 12 
 ^ 13 
 fc 14 
 3 15 
 16 
 
 18 
 
 3 20 s 
 < 21 
 & 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 0-060 
 
 In. In. 
 
 o-oio 
 
 232 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0'032 
 '750 
 
 In. In. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "039 
 
 
 
 
 319 
 
 0-006 
 022 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 0-060 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "0 
 
 
 
 
 
 L! '-./ o 1 '932 
 0-880 0-020 
 
 102 0- 
 215 
 
 012 
 
 1(10 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0-325 
 
 003 
 570 
 010 
 
 010 
 -050 
 192 - 
 
 0-003 
 110 0-180 
 
 0-013 
 883 2-508 
 382 0-285 
 871 'HO 
 560 2-513 
 046 1-246 
 012 0'140 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 '220 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0-320 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 300 -010 
 "220 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "010 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O'lOO 
 
 
 130 
 
 012 
 040 
 124 
 
 022 
 080 
 
 018 '004 
 171 -037 
 110 '355 
 890 -065 
 523 -050 
 1-755 2-410 
 5'830 12-209 
 1-898 0-915 
 0-120 "005 
 
 290 '019 
 002 -0(11 
 
 028 
 
 380 
 030 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0-123 
 
 0-032 
 
 006 '050 
 006 '018 
 014 -020 
 
 007 
 006 
 199 
 030 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "330 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 730 -160 
 172 - 
 '003 "018 
 
 049 
 
 135 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 025 
 "032 "015 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 025 -0/0 
 009 -020 
 112 -010 
 
 015 
 
 010 '330 
 150 
 
 010 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0-026 
 009 
 
 _ 
 
 Sums ... 
 
 0-003 0'320 
 
 
 
 0-099 
 
 0-123 
 
 0-035 0-032 
 
 1-953 0-978 
 
 2-024 0-368 
 
 0-814 0-110 
 
 0-950 0-600 
 
 14-851 22-875 
 
 3-814 2-006 
 
 0-385 0-610 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 l ^ 9 
 I 10 
 11 
 g 12 
 h 13 
 
 O 15 
 
 18 
 19 
 5} 20 
 > 21 
 W 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-015 0-192 
 013 "173 
 013 "218 
 016 -208 
 018 -212 
 015 '237 
 ~016 -219 
 013 -220 
 023 '225 
 027 "245 
 043 -237 
 030 '235 
 022 '229 
 013 -207 
 016 "112 
 015 -224 
 025 '204 
 016 -198 
 021 '205 
 016 '230 
 014 -277 
 021 '268 
 015 '240 
 027 '265 
 013 '227 
 018 -235 
 029 -166 
 025 -260 
 012 -275 
 009 -251 
 010 '233 
 
 In. In. 
 
 O'Oll 0-262 
 017 '260 
 005 '262 
 017 "260 
 012 -237 
 018 "273 
 019 '260 
 015 -251 
 007 -248 
 005 "248 
 002 '233 
 006 '266 
 006 '269 
 004 '279 
 005 -268 
 012 -282 
 005 '279 
 015 -260 
 013 -262 
 007 -271 
 005 '310 
 003 '280 
 004 '305 
 003 '325 
 013 '340 
 010 -258 
 008 '268 
 016 '296 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-018 0-295 
 014 '335 
 010 -308 
 009 '287 
 012 '298 
 010 -300 
 018 "821 
 020 '310 
 023 -321 
 025 "300 
 025 "347 
 027 '336 
 024 '380 
 023 '359 
 027 '326 
 022 '269 
 019 -2/5 
 007 '317 
 005 '340 
 014 -320 
 004 -325 
 013 '317 
 022 '305 
 024 -355 
 023 -312 
 022 '337 
 016 -317 
 010 -390 
 013 -350 
 020 '315 
 014 '370 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0'015 0'313 
 015 -301 
 023 "282 
 015 '348 
 025 '339 
 030 '362 
 028 -212 
 017 '355 
 015 '332 
 017 -388' 
 022 "349 
 025 '383 
 024 '3*1 
 031 '418 
 023 '343 
 032 '315 
 023 '385 
 020 '405 
 013 '370 
 023 '377 
 018 "388 
 020 '257 
 023 '286 
 022 -362 
 017 '364 
 023 "370 
 032 '340 
 041 '338 
 027 -338 
 022 -322 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-029 0-365 
 030 -329 
 028 -303 
 025 -389 
 030 '236 
 025 '413 
 013 '387 
 030 -453 
 129 '462 
 042 -475 
 053 '398 
 042 '456 
 056 '439 
 080 -433 
 089 "415 
 097 -445 
 063 "518 
 042 '627 
 183 -558 
 058 "453 
 061 "198 
 040 '395 
 067 "469 
 032 '333 
 042 -498 
 072 -548 
 089 -491 
 115 -430 
 103 "294 
 022 -350 
 044 "338 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-033 0-415 
 066 "387 
 067 '393 
 056 "382 
 043 '279 
 037 -243 
 027 '323 
 032 '325 
 032 "265 
 043 '085 
 017 '224 
 020 -310 
 041 '198 
 022 -070 
 029 -145 
 04? '195 
 028 -275 
 030 -335 
 025 '340 
 028 '293 
 012 '360 
 030 '185 
 047 "398 
 056 '410 
 057 '393 
 030 -370 
 031 '363 
 040 -143 
 032 '493 
 069 -319 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-057 0-398 
 044 -300 
 036 -390 
 031 '403 
 062 "375 
 110 '388 
 027 '335 
 066 -351 
 034 -375 
 040 -316 
 027 '263 
 033 '285 
 079 -345 
 064 '317 
 097 '360 
 049 '332 
 039 '392 
 043 '225 
 035 '260 
 035 '283 
 032 '158 
 030 '375 
 036 '232 
 032 '280 
 051 '273 
 018 over 
 cov. '087 
 cov. '122 
 cov. '158 
 042 -213 
 030 -172 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-032 0-303 
 cov. "288 
 045 '325 
 035 '313 
 032 -316 
 037 '340 
 053 '392 
 062 "402 
 097 '463 
 089 -341 
 037 '360 
 055 '340 
 012 '343 
 062 -350 
 083 "385 
 112 -403 
 076 '365 
 035 '215 
 067 '373 
 041 -380 
 055 '347 
 003 '303 
 053 '359 
 '032 '315 
 048 -380 
 067 '388 
 040 '373 
 050 "424 
 070 "413 
 060 '375 
 042 '378 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-033 0-360 
 035 -383 
 044 -386 
 030 -318 
 033 -327 
 036 '335 
 052 '338 
 051 -362 
 060 -332 
 053 -422 
 048 -363 
 027 '387 
 067 '273 
 023 -118 
 052 -127 
 007 -190 
 010 -203 
 024 -301 
 018 '308 
 023 -240 
 037 '338 
 031 -181 
 033 '312 
 030 -351 
 035 -333 
 020 -358 
 017 '282 
 020 -312 
 028 -277 
 010 -307 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-011 0'315 
 010 '267 
 013 -277 
 023 '270 
 016 '270 
 016 '303 
 022 -268 
 020 '302 
 019 -312 
 021 -220 
 cov. cov. 
 cov. '050 
 cov. -132 
 cov. cov. 
 004 "112 
 002 '133 
 027 -237 
 004 -191 
 003 -125 
 "005 -164 
 cov. '050 
 cov. '073 
 cov. cov. 
 cov. cov. 
 cov. cov. 
 cov. "140 
 018 -138 
 007 -172 
 008 -160 
 019 '042 
 010 -063 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0'013 0'198 
 019 -161 
 025 -183 
 007 '190 
 006 -219 
 005 -24'! 
 014 -262 
 009 '263 
 021 -228 
 012 -219 
 013 -260 
 013 -229 
 022 '273 
 017 '250 
 cov. " cov. 
 cov. -193 
 017 -210 
 023 -213 
 cov. '091 
 036 -192 
 WO '258 
 047 '248 
 003 -2o:i 
 013 '332 
 005 '243 
 003 -240 
 006 '222 
 004 '213 
 003 '228 
 003 '235 
 
 In. 
 
 0'006 
 013 
 010 
 016 
 009 
 012 
 014 
 021 
 005 
 067 
 006 
 1 '010 
 009 
 007 
 003 
 003 
 
 -010 
 
 014 
 cov. 
 007 
 015 
 036 
 005 
 030 
 020 
 005 
 010 
 043 
 023 
 010 
 020 
 
 In. 
 
 233 
 275 
 234 
 
 262 
 198 
 288 
 280 
 178 
 272 
 cov. 
 017 
 215 
 203 
 208 
 205 
 208 
 223 
 113 
 143 
 145 
 172 
 271 
 268 
 288 
 275 
 209 
 218 
 234 
 203 
 238 
 201 
 
 Means ... 
 
 019 -223 
 
 009 '272 
 
 017 -324 
 
 023 -344 
 
 059 -416 
 
 037 -297 
 
 046 '292 
 
 053 '357 
 
 033 "304 
 
 013 "184 
 
 014 '224 
 
 014 
 
 218 
 
 TOTAL 
 BAIN IN EACH MONTH 
 
 jj 
 
 2 
 
 -jeo ;Oi lOCieOOliOt QOCsC 
 
 CO 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 MEAN DAILY 
 EVAPOBATION IN EACH MONTH 
 
 | 
 
 j=!!!!Hi! 
 
 Mil 
 
 tc 
 
 iH 
 
 CO 
 
 6 
 
 
 o 
 
 8- 
 
 Q 
 
 a 
 
 r- 1 
 
 1 -iSiSlSIIll: 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 73 
 
 p 
 
 c . |g||2||-|g| 
 
 88 
 
 
 " o . . . 
 
 O 
 
 m 
 "to 
 
 ' 
 
 tl 
 
 O Cs O 00 Ci CO CO SS ( 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 ?, 
 
 1 
 
 
 00 
 
 fj 
 
 rH C 
 
 M o = 9 == <? P 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 :::::: g : t. t. H 
 
 5- & - * 1 J 1 1 
 I I 1,1 & 1 if 1 1 11 
 
 a o i f w2 
 t-?pL<3<)Si-3H 5 <1a;O!z;Q 
 
 1 fr & : 1 1 * 3 1 
 
 M -1 1 1 1 & 1 1 1 1 J 
 
 1 
 
 c. Covered the evaporator. 
 
104 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY 1857 
 
 Date 
 
 Jb'ttingen Mean Time 
 \00.\ 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths| 
 
 3 
 
 Cloudy sky in Sths 
 
 4 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 10 
 
 CO 
 
 .5 
 |? 
 
 06 
 
 l 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 SO 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st 
 ny-clear 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 
 
 fl-cu 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 1 
 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu, hz 
 fl-cu 
 
 i 
 
 a 
 
 2 
 
 cu, hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 sc-cu, hz ... .. 
 en, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, D 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz, D 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cu 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz 
 sc-cu-hor 
 cu-hor 
 sc-cu, cu-at 
 so-on 
 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 sc-cu, hz ... ... 
 fl-cu 
 cu, hz 
 ny-olear 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 ovt ... 
 fl-cu 
 sc-cu 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 8 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 B 
 
 fl-cu, cr-cu 
 clear 
 sc-cu ... '... 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 sc-cn, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr-cu 
 cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cu .. ... i 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 sc-cu 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st ... 
 
 3 
 
 sc-cu 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st... 
 
 4 
 3 
 7 
 2 
 6 
 3 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz - ... 
 cu, cr-l\z 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 6C-CU 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 2. 
 1 
 (i 
 
 e 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, hz... 
 on, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 2 
 7 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz, cu 
 sc-cu, hz 
 cu-hor ... ... 
 
 
 6 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 1 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu, hz 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cr-cu-hor, fl-cu 
 It-cu, cr-st, hz 
 fl-cu, hz 
 fl-cn, hz 
 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 fl-cn, hz 
 It-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, hz 
 
 ny-clear, D... 
 sc-cu 
 ny-clear, D 
 clear, D 
 sc-cu 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st, hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st, hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st, hz 
 sc-ca, cn-st... 
 ny-clear 
 sc-ou 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu, hz 
 fl-cu, hz 
 sc-cu, cu-st... 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 on, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, hz 
 It-cu, hz 
 
 2 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 1 
 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu, hz 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu, hz 
 fl-cu, hz 
 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 ny-clear ... '... 
 sc-cu, D .. ... 
 clear, D ... 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 
 sc-cu, cr-st... 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 sc-cu, cr-st ... 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cu, hz 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 sc-cn 
 ny-clear 
 sc-cu, D 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 clear 
 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-cu ... 
 sc-cu, cu-st... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 1 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 i 
 
 en, hz 
 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 cu, cr-cu ... ... 
 ovt ... ... ' .., 
 ny-clear 
 cr, cr-hz 
 clear 
 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 4 
 2 
 8 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY 1857 
 
 Jany 31 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 7 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear, D 
 sc-cu, cr-hz... 
 clear, fg 
 clear, D 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz, D.. 
 fl-cu... 
 
 clear 
 clear, D 
 ny-clear, D ... 
 ny-clear, D... 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cr-hz, cr 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st 
 ny-clear 
 
 1 
 
 
 6 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear, D 
 
 clear, D 
 clear, fg 
 clear, D 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz, D ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz, D 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 5 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 clear, D 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 clear, D 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-cu, hz .. 
 clear, D 
 
 clear 
 cu, cu-st, cr 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear, D 
 cu, hz 
 hz 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear, D 
 en, hz 
 fl-cu, hz, D ... 
 clear, D 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear, D... 
 ny-clear, D... 
 ny-clear, D 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 cu, cr-cu 
 sc-cu 
 sc-cu, cr-st ... 
 ny-clear 
 uy-clear 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cu-st 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 cct, hz 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 cu, cr 
 fl-cu, hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 fl-cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 en, hz 
 clear 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 clear 
 cu 
 sc-cu 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 clear, fg 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear, fg 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 hz 
 hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 clear, fg 
 clear 
 ny-elear 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear, f g 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 f 
 
 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THB ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 CO r- 1 
 
 ill ! 
 
 o 3 >> >> 
 
 3 " t 
 
 !iiii||l!illi||iilils|1l!!hldiiilji!!i 
 
 B *i i 4 *i 4 ti j? s J .3 2 j* s 11 & ! ag" a w t oi g-s-sai P. : ? 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 105 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY 1857 
 
 
 12 
 
 S 
 
 
 55 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 
 _s 
 
 
 .5 
 
 -. 
 
 
 
 
 
 .5 
 
 
 ~ 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 k. 
 
 18 
 
 00 
 
 2O 
 
 i 
 
 22 
 
 1" 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 pg 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 -2 
 
 2 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 Z 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 
 _o 
 
 
 JD 
 
 
 JD 
 
 
 J 
 
 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 Q 
 
 5 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-hx 
 
 4 
 
 cu, or-cu, cr ... 
 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr ... 7 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr 
 
 e 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr, nim.. 
 
 5 
 
 130-5 
 
 69-4 
 
 80-7 
 
 74-1 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 I) 
 
 1 
 
 fl-cn | 2 
 
 cu 
 
 2 
 
 cu... 
 
 5 
 
 sc-cu 
 
 4 
 
 sc-cu 
 
 3 
 
 130-7 
 
 65-6 
 
 81-0 
 
 69-4 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 130-3 
 
 63-4 
 
 81-1 
 
 70-0 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 D 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 3 
 
 sc-cu, cn-st 
 
 3 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 
 4 
 
 137-1 
 
 65-1 
 
 81-4 
 
 71-1 
 
 5 
 
 fl-cn 
 
 cr-hz 3 
 
 cu, cu-Rt, cr-hz,cr- 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 127-9 
 
 66-4 
 
 80-1 
 
 71-3 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 clear ... [<" 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 cu-hor 
 
 1 
 
 cu-hor 
 
 1 
 
 sc-cu 
 
 1 
 
 136-2 
 
 63-1 
 
 80-2 
 
 68-1 
 
 7 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 cu-st, hz... 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 3 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 It-cu, cn-st 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 cu-hor 
 
 2 
 
 140-1 
 
 67-6 
 
 81-0 
 
 70-1 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-cu 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cn-st 
 
 3 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr 
 
 3 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 
 3 
 
 133-5 
 
 67-7 
 
 809 
 
 70-2 
 
 9 
 
 sc-cu ... 
 
 2 
 
 sc-cu ... 
 
 1 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 5 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 130-4 
 
 65-8 
 
 81-0 
 
 70-7 
 
 IO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 122-9 
 
 71-6 
 
 81-6 
 
 74-1 
 
 11 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 cu-st 
 
 4 
 
 sc-cu, ou-st 
 
 2 
 
 sc-cn 
 
 1 
 
 sc-ou, cr ... 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 
 fi 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 
 124-0 
 
 68-3 
 
 82-0 
 
 74-6 
 
 12 
 
 cu-hor... 
 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 cr-cu 
 
 ] 
 
 cu... 
 
 3 
 
 en, hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 4 
 
 131-0 
 
 63-6 
 
 81-2 
 
 68-1 
 
 13 
 
 fl-ru, c 
 
 *-t, cr.hi. nim ... 
 
 8 
 
 cu. ru-.l, rr-i-,,, hi, mm- 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz \ 4 
 
 cu, cu-st , or-cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 131-5 
 
 69-9 
 
 80-8 
 
 74-0 
 
 14 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz . 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 5 
 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 
 3 
 
 129-9 
 
 63-8 
 
 frO'6 69-2 
 
 15 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 cu-st 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, nim 
 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 125-7 
 
 68-5 
 
 79-9 
 
 71-4 
 
 16 
 
 cu-hz, D 
 
 2 
 
 cu-E-hor 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 2 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 
 3 
 
 sc-eu, cu-st 
 
 3 
 
 sc-cu 
 
 2 
 
 139-1 
 
 66-6 
 
 79-8 
 
 68-6 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 136-7 
 
 60-1 
 
 81-1 
 
 66-2 
 
 18 
 
 clear, D 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 en, cr 
 
 1 
 
 sc-cu 
 
 2 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 
 3 
 
 141-5 
 
 58-8 
 
 80-0 
 
 66-5 
 
 19 
 
 sc-cu, D 
 
 2 
 
 sc-cu ... 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 3 
 
 sc-cu, cn-st 
 
 3 
 
 128-7 
 
 025 
 
 80-0 
 
 67-5 
 
 30 
 
 ny-clear, D 
 
 
 
 clear ... 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 3 
 
 133-8 
 
 59-3 
 
 79-6 
 
 65-8 
 
 21 
 
 clear, L> 
 
 
 
 clear D 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 cu .. 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, hx 
 
 3 
 
 sc-cu 
 
 2 
 
 132-5 
 
 62'5 
 
 78-7 
 
 64-9 
 
 22 
 
 ny-clear, D 
 
 
 
 ou, cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 sc-cu, cn-st ... 
 
 2 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 
 2 
 
 sc-cu 
 
 1 
 
 138-4 
 
 58-4 
 
 79-5 
 
 64-8 
 
 23 
 
 sc-cn, D 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cu-st, D ... 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-cu ... 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 4 
 
 sc-cn 
 
 2 
 
 sc-cn 
 
 2 
 
 1363 
 
 55-4 
 
 78-6 
 
 63-7 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 140-0 
 
 59-9 
 
 783 
 
 65-0 
 
 25 
 
 cu, cu-st, l> 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cu, hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 
 fl-cn, cu-st 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 
 2 
 
 137-3 
 
 C8-0 
 
 80-7 
 
 69-2 
 
 26 
 
 ovt 
 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-cu 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-cu ... 
 
 8 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 
 3 
 
 sc-cu, cr-st 
 
 3 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 
 2 
 
 135-7 
 
 70-5 
 
 81-1 
 
 73-2 
 
 27 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 
 fl-cn, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 6 
 
 119-5 
 
 70-5 
 
 81-5 
 
 73-5 
 
 28 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, hz 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 
 4 
 
 hy-cu, cr-cu 
 
 7 
 
 hy-cu, or-cu 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 
 5 
 
 129-5 
 
 68-0 
 
 82-5 
 
 71-4 
 
 29 
 
 sc-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 en, cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, or-hz.. 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz . 
 
 3 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 
 3 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 127-6 
 
 64-0 
 
 82-5 
 
 70-8 
 
 :to 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, D... 
 
 1 
 
 cu, hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, ou-st 
 
 4 
 
 sc-cu ... ... 
 
 1 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 2 
 
 125-3 
 
 02-5 
 
 82-4 
 
 71-1 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY 1857 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 127-8 
 
 630 
 
 81-7 
 
 70-9 
 
 1 
 
 clear, D 
 
 
 
 clear ... 
 
 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 138-3 
 
 66-0 
 
 81-6 
 
 680 
 
 2 
 
 ny-clear, fg ... 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 138-5 
 
 67-0 
 
 835 
 
 69-1 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 clear, fg 
 clear, D 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 en, cn-st ... 
 
 
 2 
 
 clear 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 2 
 
 clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 
 3 
 
 130-5 
 123-5 
 
 64'0 
 58-3 
 
 Sl-8 
 80-8 
 
 66-4 
 65-3 
 
 5 
 
 cr, cr-hz, 1) 
 
 1 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 
 cr, cr-hz, en 
 
 6 
 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 
 5 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 
 cr-st, cr-ha 
 
 4 
 
 138-5 
 
 57-2 
 
 80-6 
 
 66-2 
 
 6 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 cr, hz, D . . . 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz, D... 
 
 3 
 
 cu-hor 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 
 4 
 
 en, cn-st 
 
 i 
 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 
 1 
 
 139-1 
 
 60-0 
 
 81-5 
 
 68-2 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 134-5 
 
 58-7 
 
 81-9 
 
 68-5 
 
 8 
 
 clear, D 
 
 ii 
 
 cu-hor 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 6 
 
 sc-cn 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 
 t) 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 134-0 
 
 60-0 
 
 81-8 
 
 68-8 
 
 9 
 
 clear, D 
 
 
 
 en, hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 cu-hor 
 
 a 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 4 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 
 3 
 
 137-2 
 
 61-0 
 
 81-8 
 
 67-9 
 
 10 
 
 ny-clear, D 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 cu-E-hor... 
 
 ] 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 (i 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 133-4 
 
 60-5 
 
 82-9 
 
 69-1 
 
 11 
 
 clear, D 
 
 
 
 clear, g-fg 
 
 
 
 H-cu, d-cr-hz 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 clear ... ... 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 133-5 
 
 59-7 
 
 82-5 
 
 68-7 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 
 ny-clear, g-fg... 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear, g-fg... 
 clear, fg 
 
 
 
 
 sc-cu 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 fl-cu 
 sc-cn 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu-hor 
 sc-cu 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu-hor 
 cu-hor 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 130-2 
 
 130-7 
 
 127-3 
 
 61-0 
 61-2 
 
 60-2 
 
 84-4 
 84-5 
 83-8 
 
 69-6 
 69-6 
 69-3 
 
 15 
 
 clear ... 
 
 
 
 cu, hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 b 
 
 sc-cu 
 
 2 
 
 clear 
 
 6 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 122-8 
 
 62-0 
 
 83-8 
 
 70-2 
 
 16 
 
 cu, cr-st, 
 
 2 
 
 sc-cu ... 
 
 2 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 sc-cu 
 
 2 
 
 cu-hor 
 
 '2 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 133-2 
 
 62-0 
 
 83-6 
 
 70-5 
 
 17 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 sc-cn 
 
 i 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 
 I 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 4 
 
 138-2 
 
 58-6 
 
 82-5 
 
 67-7 
 
 18 
 
 sc-cu ... 
 
 2 
 
 sc-cu ... 
 
 3 
 
 cu-hor ... 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 
 a 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 138-3 
 
 59-0 
 
 81-8 
 
 68-9 
 
 19 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 sc-cu ... 
 
 2 
 
 cu-hor 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 ii 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 138-4 
 
 57-6 81-8 
 
 65-5 
 
 20 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear, g-fg 
 
 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 143-5 
 
 57-0 85-1 
 
 66-1 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 136-0 
 
 58-0 85-5 
 
 65-4 
 
 22 
 23 
 
 clear 
 clear, fg 
 
 
 (i 
 
 clear, g-fg 
 clear ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 6 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 ny-olear ... 
 clear 
 
 [I 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 129-3 
 131-3 
 
 57-0 
 56-0 
 
 f-4'9 
 84-1 
 
 66-2 
 64-3 
 
 
 clear, fg 
 
 
 
 clear ... 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 o 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 138-0 
 
 57'2 
 
 88-6 
 
 65-2 
 
 25 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear ... 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 (i 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 142-0 
 
 56-8 
 
 90-5 
 
 64-8 
 
 26 
 27 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz, fg .. 
 clear ... 
 
 2 
 
 
 ny-clear, fg ... 
 clear ... 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 cr-hz 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 4 
 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 
 (1 
 8 
 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1220 
 122-8 
 
 603 
 58-0 
 
 85-1 
 84-7 
 
 70-1 
 68-6 
 
 CO 
 
 IB 
 
 V * 
 
 1 I 
 
 t* u -2 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 * S o S 
 
 S 5 
 
 I & = 
 
 o a 
 
 u -b ^ ^ 
 
 It' 
 
 f' *"" ** bC fa. 'C 
 
 1 1 1 \ i 1 1 1 s , ! i ! 1 1 * 1 Si i 1 1 1 3 ! 1 1 i 1 \ I ! 1 ! 1 1 1 r ! i 
 
 3 o 8 -3 tj -3 8 cS 2 <c fc tt .s j= J= j3 .2 ~ = a c a o o 5.0,5 B ^ * *; - > **. s . 
 
 H 
 
 H 
 
 1 ^ t P-o:|;&i2> (5,Ja:3J!.s:2.S>;sjgfc-S & 5 1 EUpstm 8 -S S 3 i3 ti ' 
 
 27 
 
106 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF MARCH 1857 
 
 Date 
 
 Sottingen Mean Time 
 XOON 
 
 1 
 
 c 
 
 >, 
 
 ^ 
 
 X 
 !>> 
 
 T3 
 
 g 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 j: 
 
 
 .5 
 ;> 
 % 
 
 
 | 
 o 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 DC 
 
 e 
 
 1" 
 
 > 
 
 T) 
 
 
 o 
 
 e 
 
 ' 
 
 00 
 
 e 
 t*. 
 
 3 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 .1 
 >> 
 ^ 
 
 tc 
 
 , 
 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 .2 
 
 t 
 
 ^4 
 
 t* 
 XJ 
 
 | 
 o 
 
 Feb. 28 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 cr, cr-cu 
 cr, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 nyclear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 :i 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr-bz, er 
 hz .. 
 
 i 
 i 
 i 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 sc-cu, cr, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 sc-cu 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr, cr-hz, mm ... 
 sc-cn, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 z 
 
 
 
 (i 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 sc-cn, cr-hz 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, hz . 
 cr-Bt, hz 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 > 
 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 cr-cu, cu ... ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st ... 
 fl-cu, hz 
 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-cu, liz ... 
 cu, cu-Bt, hz 
 hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 ?, 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 hz 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cu, bz ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz, hlT 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu-hor 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr, cr-bz 
 
 BC-CU 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 It-cu, cr-Bt, hz 
 ny-clear ... 
 ny-clear 
 hz 
 hz 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 cr-hz 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 hz 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 cr-hz, en 
 cu,hz 
 ny-clear 
 hz - 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 hz 
 
 2 
 
 hz 
 
 cu, cr-st ... ... 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 fl-cu, hz ... ... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 fl-ca, or, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 It-en, hz 
 hz 
 It-cu, cr-st, hz 
 fl-cu, hz 
 clear 
 hz ... 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 clear ..: 
 clear 
 cu, sh-lg-SW-hor ... 
 ny-clear, sh-lg-S W-hor. 
 
 hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 CIl.ll/. 
 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 cu, hz, sh-lg-SW-hor 
 hz 
 
 
 
 1 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 
 en, cu-st ... .... 
 clear 
 
 2 
 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear '. 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 nv-clear 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF APRIL 1857 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 2O 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 It-hz 
 cr-hz 
 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 d-cr-hz ... ,. . 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 clear ... . ... 
 clear 
 fl-cn, hz 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 1 
 3 
 1 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 cn-hor 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr cu, cr-st 
 cu, cu-st 
 sc-cu, cr-hz... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 l' 
 2 
 
 en, cr-st 
 en, cu-st, Ig-W 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-st 
 cu, cn-st, hz, nim . 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, or-st 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 6 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-st, hz... ! 4 
 en, cn-st, cr-cn ... j 5 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... j 3 
 cr-cu, en, cr-st, hz... ; 8 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 2 
 cu, cr-st ... ... 1 
 
 en, er-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 en, hz 
 cu, cr-cn, hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 en, cr-cn, or-hz 
 sc-cu, hz 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... . .... 
 fl-cn , ... 
 ny-clear 
 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cn-st ... 
 cu, cr-cu 
 cu, cr-cn 
 
 ny-clear 
 sc-cu, cr-hz .. 
 cn-hor 
 cu, cr-hz-hor 
 fl-cu, cr-st ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, or, cr-hz 
 BC-CU, or 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 > 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 en, hz 
 cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz, lg-W 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz, sh-lg-W 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 It-en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 hz ... 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 cn,hz,sti-lg-NW-hor.. 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz, lg-W 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 uy-clear 
 cu .. ... < ... 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-hz ... ' ;. 
 ny-clear, Ig-N 
 ny-clear 
 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz ... .' 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 sc-cu ,,, 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 
 "6 
 
 2 
 3 
 7 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hor 
 cn-hor 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 en, cr-st 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 :i 
 
 2 
 6 
 2 
 
 It-cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear 
 It-cu-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-st, hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 6 
 1 
 
 3 
 2 
 7 
 3 
 
 cu, hz, lg-W 
 ny-clear 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 It-cu, cr-hz, Ig-S W.. 
 It-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st,d-hz,nim,lg-NW 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 
 en, hz, Ig-N W 
 It-cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 cu-st, d-hz ... 
 en, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... . 
 ny-olear 
 
 2 
 
 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt, sh-lg-S 
 cu, cr-cn, hz 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu cr-st, cr-hz. 
 en, cr-cu, cr-st, d-hz. 
 
 4 
 2 
 4 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-st, hz... 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, d-cr-hz... 
 en, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 
 2 
 2 
 6 
 3 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 It-en, hz 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 cu, or, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 6 
 2 
 
 cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 1 3 
 1 
 
 O g, 
 
 f 1 1 
 
 t A 
 
 'If 3 -B 
 
 .g :, 1) * S ~2 ? 1 " 6. "S 
 
 fl: iS 'B 1 -11 -"i " I "B *> Si 4 'X & i > .a .8 .a ! 
 
 1 1 }i 1 1 1 1 1 1 u 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 II I ! I vM 1 1 
 
 1 1 I Q J 1 H' > eJ *sJjS.J?^1:2;-s&ilE,-S, : 1! a ; g -g 
 
 1 
 
 Illflf 
 
 8 S 3 > -P 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 107 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOB THE MONTH OP MARCH 1857 
 
 g 
 
 "S 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 .n 
 
 CD 
 
 = 
 
 1 
 f 
 
 O 
 
 14 
 
 CO 
 Q 
 
 >, 
 
 ^e. 
 to 
 
 i 
 
 _0 
 
 5 
 
 IO 
 
 1 
 
 . 
 >. 
 
 s 
 
 s 
 
 5 
 
 18 
 
 i 
 
 e 
 
 j? 
 
 ' 
 >> 
 
 -o 
 
 o 
 O 
 
 SO 
 
 00 
 
 .3 
 
 
 ! 
 
 T3 
 
 a 
 
 JD 
 
 G 
 
 S 
 
 1 
 
 = 
 
 v> 
 
 3 
 S 
 | 
 B 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max.] 
 
 Hm. 
 
 28 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 BO 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 135-5 
 141-3 
 132-5 
 126-0 
 116-5 
 126-5 
 119-0 
 128-0 
 117-0 
 120-5 
 118-5 
 121-5 
 121-0 
 130-0 
 125-3 
 131-5 
 131-5 
 120-5 
 124-7 
 130-7 
 128-0 
 116-0 
 139-0 
 134-5 
 121-5 
 128-0 
 125-3 
 125-8 
 128-4 
 115-5 
 116-3 
 122-3 
 
 58-2 
 58-3 
 64-5 
 65-7 
 65-9 
 63-2 
 63-6 
 65-2 
 71-5 
 71-8 
 71-0 
 72-0 
 70-1 
 69-5 
 68-6 
 65-7 
 64-5 
 66-0 
 65-0 
 63-6 
 64-0 
 67-2 
 67-4 
 65-7 
 73-7 
 73-7 
 75-4 
 73-9 
 
 74-1 
 71-8 
 73-1 
 72-3 
 
 85-1 
 85-0 
 87-4 
 86-1 
 85-8 
 85-7 
 87-4 
 87-3 
 87-7 
 87-6 
 88-7 
 87-5 
 87-8 
 85-9 
 86-2 
 85-5 
 85-4 
 84-4 
 87-5 
 90-3 
 90-8 
 89-5 
 90-8 
 86-9 
 88-0 
 88-4 
 90-4 
 90-1 
 94-3 
 90-6 
 89-6 
 90-4 
 
 38-5 
 57-0 
 
 ri-i 
 
 71-4 
 71-1 
 70-4 
 39-1 
 71-3 
 77-6 
 75-8 
 75-3 
 76-1 
 75-1 
 735 
 71-6 
 71-2 
 70-9 
 70-7 
 70-0 
 69-9 
 71-2 
 73-1 
 73-2 
 71-2 
 74-6 
 75-0 
 76-6 
 75-8 
 75-4 
 72-0 
 75-5 
 73-6 
 
 clear ... 
 clear ... 
 clear ... 
 clear ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 clear ... 
 clear ... 
 cu, cr 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 i, 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 clear 
 sc-ou, ou-st 
 cu 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 
 80-CU 
 
 SC-CU 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 
 or, cr-cu ... 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu-hor 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 cr, cr-cu ... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 ny.clear ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 eu, cr ... 
 clear ... 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 cn-hor 
 clear 
 
 cu, eu-st, cr-hz.. 
 fl-cu, cu-st, bz.'.. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cu,cu-8t, cr-hz 
 ac-cu ... 
 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, or-cu, hz ... 
 cu-hor ... 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,iiim 
 cu, cr ... 
 ny-clear 
 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 sc-cu 
 sc-cu 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st,cr-hz... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, nim ... 
 cu-hor 
 cu-hor 
 sc-ou 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 
 fl-cn, cr-hz 
 cu-hor 
 fl-ou, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 sc en, cr-hz 
 cu-hor 
 sc-cu 
 
 3 
 2 
 6 
 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 
 sc-cu 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz., 
 clear .. 
 clear 
 clear ... 
 
 o 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 cr-st ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 clear 
 clear ... 
 clear ... 
 
 1 
 5 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 cr-cn, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 en, hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 3 
 5 
 4 
 1 
 
 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 ny-clear .. 
 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 sc-cn 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu-hor... 
 sc-cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 ny-olear 
 cu, hz-hor 
 cu, cr-hz, nim... 
 cn-hor ... 
 cu, nim 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 1 
 7 
 1 
 3 
 2 
 
 sc-cu 
 cu, cr-cu ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu 
 fl -cu,cu-st,hz,nim. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 1 
 2 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st, hz,nim 
 fl-cu, nim 
 
 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 
 clear 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu-hor 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 cu-W-hor 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 ou, cr, cr-hz 
 cu-W-hor 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 
 on, cr-hz 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cu-st 
 clear ... 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 sc-cn, cu-st 
 nv-clear ... 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu-hor ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu-hor 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF APRIL 1857 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 io 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 
 to 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 20 
 JO 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 fl-cu, 
 
 cr 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 clear 
 cr, cr-st, hz ... 
 iiy-clear 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz, nim ... 
 fl-cu, nim 
 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 clear ... 
 fl-cu, cr .M 
 fl-cu, ou-st 
 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 clear 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 118-8 
 122-7 
 120-5 
 129-7 
 119-7 
 124-5 
 127-5 
 128-7 
 121-0 
 121-7 
 120-7 
 120-5 
 123-5 
 126-5 
 13J-5 
 133-0 
 123-5 
 115-5 
 118-7 
 115-5 
 113-3 
 118-5 
 118-9 
 118-5 
 119-3 
 119-4 
 117-8 
 117-7 
 119-8 
 115-2 
 
 70-9 
 74-0 
 73-6 
 71-4 
 74-0 
 75-2 
 76-0 
 75-0 
 77-0 
 73-8 
 72-8 
 73-5 
 75-5 
 78-1 
 78-9 
 80-2 
 80-1 
 79-1 
 77-2 
 77-6 
 75-5 
 772 
 77-0 
 76-6 
 76-1 
 75-5 
 76-2 
 79-2 
 79-3 
 78-2 
 
 88-8 
 89-5 
 89-2 
 90-3 
 90-7 
 91-8 
 89-5 
 94-6 
 91-4 
 90-7 
 91-5 
 91-5 
 94-6 
 95-6 
 99-0 
 98-1 
 94-7 
 92-3 
 92-8 
 92-7 
 91-8 
 899 
 91-6 
 91-2 
 92-1 
 92-4 
 92-4 
 92-8 
 93-8 
 92-4 
 
 72-2 
 74-3 
 750 
 
 74-2 
 75-6 
 77-0 
 77-1 
 75-4 
 77-9 
 77-4 
 76-7 
 76-1 
 77-2 
 80-7 
 80-5 
 82-0 
 82-2 
 807 
 80-0 
 79-3 
 78-4 
 78-1 
 78-0 
 78-0 
 78-5 
 78-1 
 78-0 
 81-6 
 80-3 
 79-1 
 
 fl-on 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz, lg-S... 
 fl-cn E 
 cu-hor ... 
 on, hz . . . 
 
 2 
 4 
 2 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 on, cr-cu, hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, hz ... 
 cu-E-hor 
 en, cn-st 
 ny-clear 
 en, cr, cr-st ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 fl-cu 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, nim 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cn, d-or-hz 
 fl-cu 
 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 
 fl-cu-hor ... 
 cu, cr-on, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, nim, th ... 
 sc-cu, cu-at 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu 
 
 2 
 5 
 
 7 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu-hor 
 on, cr-cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu,ou-st,cr-hz,nim,th 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 cu-hor 
 cu-hor 
 
 2 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 
 cu-hor 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,nim,th 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu-hor 
 cu-hor 
 
 1 
 3 
 6 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 
 en, cr-hz 
 sc-cu, cu-st,cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 en, cr-hz-hor ... 
 cr-cu, cr-sfc ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, Ig-N 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 sc-on 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 sc-ou 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 clear 
 clear ... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cn 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 so-cu 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 sc-cn ... 
 ny. clear 
 cr-cu, cr-st 
 ny-clear 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 -0 
 2 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 clear 
 ny-olear ... 
 cr-st, cu-st 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 cr, cr-hz-hor ... 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr, cr-st ... 
 ny-clear 
 en, cr, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 sc-cu ... 
 sc-cn, cu-st 
 cr, cr-hz, cu ... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cu-hor... 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 hy-cu, nim 
 fl-cn . . . [SB 
 cu, cu-st, hz, nim, th- 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 fl-ou, cn-st 
 
 
 4 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 4 
 
 cu, or 
 cu-W 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st [SW,R 
 cu, cu-st, nim, th. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz .. 
 fl-ou, cu-st 
 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 6 
 4 
 5 
 
 cn-hor 
 cn-hor 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st, or-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu-hor 
 cu-hor 
 on, eu-st, or-hz ... 
 on, cr-st ... 
 cu, cn-at, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu ... ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 
 2 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 cu 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz 
 en, d-cr-hz 
 on, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr, d-cr-hz . . . 
 cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 2 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 fl-cu, nim 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cn, cn-st, d-hz... 
 fl-cn, cr-st, cr-hz . 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz .. 
 fl-cu, cu-st, d-hz.. 
 sc-cu, hz ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 6 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz .. 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, d-hz... 
 cr-st, cr-hz, cu .. 
 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ou, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, or-hz ... 
 cu,cr-cu,cr-st,d-hz 
 cn-st, cr-hz, cu ... 
 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE. 
 
 ^ I 
 111 ' ' I 
 
 ft 
 
 3 | {? 3 
 
 1 1 1 I i I i 1 1 ,1 1 1 1 N 1 1 1 1 * 1 ! 1 ! 1 1 * 1 * I 1 1 i i j | & 1 1 
 
 =? ~. .g o **. -3 <? o <2 & .a a * J .2 s? a S '3 q g o . g, SS g 1 -2 "8 3 g T> * 
 
 1iggQrJl4w^a'Jj3^^IJ^.^sfc1&1 s. -a al s-s-^5'^>-?M 1 
 
108 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 1857 
 
 
 Date 
 
 jottingenMean Time 
 \00\ 
 
 JS 
 00 
 
 c 
 >> 
 
 s 
 
 >, 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 /= 
 55 
 c 
 
 >> 
 
 M 
 
 JS 
 
 1 
 
 R 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 C 
 
 >> 
 
 3 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 i 
 
 a 
 
 >> 
 
 & 
 
 -, 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 S 
 
 _e 
 ft 
 
 * 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 00 
 
 a 
 
 '- 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 ]O 
 11 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 or, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 cu, cr, cr-st 
 t-cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz, lg-W hi J . 
 
 t-cu,cr-st,hz,hn;,]g-SW 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 cu, d-hz 
 cr-st, d-cr-hz, Ig-SW 
 
 cr-cn, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, d-hz 
 hy-cu, cu-st.hz.lg-W.th.. 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 2 
 7 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cr-st d -er-hz 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 cr, cr-cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 en, cr, d-hz ... 
 
 7 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 6 
 C 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 cr, hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, nim, th 
 
 en, cr-hz-N... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 1 
 3 
 6 
 
 2 
 4 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-st, hx 
 cr, cr-st, liz 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 It-cr-hz, cr ... 
 cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, nim, Ig-SW. . 
 
 3 
 5 
 6 
 2 
 6 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz, hi J.. 
 cu, d-hz, hi J) [W 
 cu,cu-st,hz,lg-W,S,th 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 2 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 hy-cu,cu-st,hz,!g,th-SW 
 
 4 
 6 
 3 
 
 7 
 C 
 
 7 
 
 cr, d-hz 
 
 4 
 ti 
 6 
 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 hy-eu,cu-st,hz,lg-W,th.. 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, lg-W 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, hz... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, hz... 
 
 4 
 4 
 1 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-st,hz,lg-W. 
 cu, cr-st, hz, lg-W... I 
 cu, cr-st, hz, lg-W... 
 hy-cn-st, ca, Ig-SW.. 
 cu, cr-st, hz, lg-W... 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz, lg-W 
 
 5 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st, er-st, hz... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, hz, lg-W 
 cu, cu-st, hz, sh-lg-W. 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 5 
 7 
 2 
 5 
 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu,cu-st,hz,sh-lg-W... 
 
 5 
 7 
 2 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 
 cu, er-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clcar 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 cr, cr-cu, hz 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny- clear 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-st, hz... 
 fl-cu, cr, cr-hz, nim.. 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 G 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cn, cr-hz.. 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 en, hz 
 eu, cr-hz, sh-lg-N ... 
 cu,cr-hz,nim,sh-ljf,th-W 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 K 
 > 
 
 S 
 5 
 4 
 
 cr-st 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, nim, lg-N 
 ovt, sh-lg-W 
 cu, cn-st, hz, lg-N... 
 cu, cr-hz, sh-lg-S ... 
 
 1 
 2 
 7 
 8 
 3 
 5 
 
 en, cr-st 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz 
 
 cu, cr-hz, sh-lg-N ... 
 cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, d-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 
 1 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 4 
 5 
 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ovt [Ig-SE 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim,sh- 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 4 
 6 
 8 
 5 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 
 8 
 
 e 
 
 { 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 ny-clear, th-lg-N ... 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 
 
 6 
 8 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr, nim ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 sc-cu-hor ... 
 ovt ... ... .. 
 
 fj 
 / 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 e 
 *: 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz 
 cu, cu-st, nim ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-cu, hz... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-cn, hz... 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 K 
 
 K 
 
 6 
 
 t 
 
 en, cu-st, nim, hz ... 
 cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 en, cn-st, d-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, hz... 
 ny-ovt, It-R 
 
 5 
 4 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 en, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr-en, hz 
 clear 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 en, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1857 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 cu-hor 
 ny-clear 
 cu-hor 
 fl-cu, nim, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, d-cr-hz 
 
 6 
 2 
 
 2 
 6 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu-st, cr 
 cu, cr-st-hor 
 en, hz 
 ny-ovt, lg-N 
 en, cr-hz, nim 
 
 6 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 It-cu, cr, Ig-SW ... 
 cu-st, Ig-SW 
 cu, hz, sh-lg-W ... 
 ny-ovt, lg-W 
 cu, cr-hz, nim, sh-lg-SW 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 1 
 4 
 7 
 8 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz, lg-W 
 eu, cu-st, lg-W 
 cu, cu-st, lg-W 
 ny-ovt 
 cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-cn, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt,viv-sh-lg-E,S,th 
 fl-cn, nim ... 
 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 ny-clcar 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz . . . [S, th 
 cu, cr-hz, nim, viv-sh-lg- 
 ovt 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr-hz, iiim, fr-th, lg- 
 cu, cr-hz ...[N.SE.B 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz, hi J 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 ( 
 8 
 
 j 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 5-cr-hz, nim 
 cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 en, d-cr-hz 
 fl-CD, d-cr-hz, dis-th.. 
 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 
 cu,cr-st,hz,lg-N,NW. 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz, lg-W 
 cu-st, It-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, nim, sh-lg-SW 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz, lg-NW.. 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz, lg-W 
 cu, hz, lg-W, N ... 
 cu, d-cr-hz, Ig-SW... 
 en, cu-st, hz, sh-lg-S, W 
 ny-ovt, lg-W 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 2 
 5 
 5 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz.hl^ lg-NW 
 cu, cr-hz, sh-lg-W... 
 liy-cu, cu-st, cr-cu, hz, 
 cu, cr-hz ...Dg-HW 
 en, nim, Ig-SE 
 en, cr-hz 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, d-hz, lg-S 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 5 
 8 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 7 
 
 "? 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 f 
 
 cr, cr-hz, sh-lg-N ... 
 cn,cr-st,hz,nim,sh-lg 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st 
 en, cr-st, cr-bz 
 en, cr-cn, cr-st 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 cu, hz, sh-lg-S 
 cu, hz, sh-lg-S 
 ovt .. 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, d-cr-hz .. 
 
 4 
 
 ; 4 
 
 8 
 3 
 4 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-h/c 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr hz 
 
 1 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr, er-hz, cr-st... 
 fl-cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 fl-cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cr, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st ... ... 
 hy-cu-st, nim, R ... 
 cu,hy-cu-Rt,nim,lt-R,th. 
 ovt, Ig-NE, S 
 
 8 
 3 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, hz, Ig-SW 
 cu, cn-st, d-hz, lg-W 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, lg-S 
 ovt,th-lg-E,nim,lg-S 
 
 4 
 7 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 | 
 
 fl-cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz, nim ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 \ 
 
 7 
 / 
 
 
 (i 
 
 
 6 
 6 
 4 
 
 1 
 7 
 7 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 ny-ovt ... 
 en, cr-hz 
 
 en, cr-cn, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 7 
 3 
 
 7 
 5 
 
 4 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 
 cu, d-hz 
 
 fl-cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 hy-cu, cu-st, hz 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 ny-ovt, ]g-S 
 cu,cr-cu,cr-hz,nim,lt-R. 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt, sh-lg-SW,lt-R. 
 ovt, sh-lg-SW, It-R.. 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 ny-ovt 
 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-st 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 cr-cn, cr-st, hz 
 cr-cn, hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 ovt ... 
 cu, hz 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 eu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 IIPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABI/E 
 
 5 1 
 N I 4 & 
 
 ill | {;. 
 
 ly^iiii^fiiiiiiiliiiifihjilijiiiiiii 
 
 1 ? fc g ft' 4 1 4 w < ^ f : ti J& 3 J .3 s' JS s 1 S fc 1 &' S.if^'iai Si -g 7 -si 5 'I * -i & 
 
MADKAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 109 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 1857 
 
 
 
 ~S 
 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 >* 
 
 s 
 
 >> 
 
 
 
 _0 
 
 5 
 
 14 
 
 00 
 B 
 
 >, 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 00 
 
 c 
 
 1 
 
 '. 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 g 
 
 IS 
 
 00 
 
 .5 
 t> 
 
 M 
 
 CD 
 >> 
 
 ^ 
 3 
 _0 
 
 O 
 
 2O 
 
 'y. 
 
 ^A 
 to 
 
 >> 
 
 T3 
 3 
 
 ^O 
 
 5 
 
 33 
 
 00 
 
 'i 
 
 >i 
 
 '6 
 
 1 
 
 B 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max^ Min. 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 81 
 
 cu,cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cu, hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 B 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 i 
 
 3 
 
 en, cr, cr-st 
 
 4 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 7 
 1 
 l 
 4 
 
 122-0 
 137-7 
 116-7 
 132-7 
 118-0 
 124-5 
 125-5 
 142-5 
 132-0 
 133-0 
 133-4 
 141-7 
 136-5 
 140-8 
 115-0 
 128-0 
 135-5 
 128-0 
 127-5 
 122-4 
 117-5 
 134-4 
 134-3 
 120-3 
 123-4 
 119-0 
 120-9 
 121-5 
 122-0 
 137-7 
 124-0 
 
 78-3 
 77-1 
 76-0 
 76-0 
 79-3 
 78-0 
 776 
 79-9 
 79-0 
 81-3 
 79-6 
 80-1 
 78-8 
 79-5 
 79-0 
 79-0 
 83-5 
 80-4 
 82-6 
 81-5 
 77-4 
 75-9 
 78-5 
 79-8 
 79-5 
 82-6 
 82-3 
 78-6 
 82-0 
 78-0 
 78-5 
 
 93-4 
 94-5 
 93-4 
 94-7 
 93-9 
 95-5 
 98-0 
 103-2 
 103-1 
 101-8 
 100-4 
 95'3 
 100-2 
 103-3 
 95-4 
 98-2 
 104-0 
 104-8 
 104-2 
 100-5 
 92-4 
 99-0 
 102-4 
 98-7 
 101-8 
 99-8 
 102.2 
 101-4 
 100-2 
 96-4 
 98-4 
 
 81-2 
 80-8 
 78-0 
 78-8 
 82-1 
 79-6 
 81-0 
 83-2 
 79-7 
 82-7 
 82-1 
 82-7 
 82-9 
 81-9 
 80-5 
 82-7 
 84.0 
 84-1 
 85-5 
 85-9 
 80-9 
 79-0 
 82-3 
 82-6 
 83-9 
 84-2 
 83-8 
 83-4 
 83-6 
 81-0 
 81-1 
 
 or, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 rt-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr, d-hz ... 
 
 5 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 
 cr, cr-st, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu,cu-st, cr-st ,hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 en, cr-st, d-hz... 
 
 4 
 3 
 6 
 2 
 5 
 6 
 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 sc-cu 
 or, d-cr,hz 
 en, cr, d-hz 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 1 
 5 
 5 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 ny-elenr ... 
 cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, d-hz 
 
 4 
 3 
 G 
 
 6 
 4 
 
 cu, cr, cr-st 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr, d cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 3 
 G 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 hz 
 en, cr, d-hz 
 cu, cu-st, nim, th-N W 
 
 cr, cr-st, hz ... 
 en, cr-ca, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz.. 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 7 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cr-cu, cr-st, er-hz. 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu,cr-st,cr-hz. 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 ny- clear ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 :: 
 
 (i 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 
 8 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 uy-clear ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 cr cu, hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 It-cr, cr-hz 
 ny-clear ... 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st ... 
 cr, cr-st .. 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 a 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st ... 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-st ... 
 cr, cr-st ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-cu, hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz... 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st... 
 fl-c.n, cr, cr-hz... 
 ovt 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz.nim 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 8 
 4 
 
 cr, cr-hz, cu ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 tt-cu,cu-st,cr-hz 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,nim 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,nim 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 7 
 6 
 7 
 6 
 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 fl-cu, nim 
 cu, cr, cr-hz, cr-gt 
 
 3 
 
 
 7 
 7 
 s 
 5 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 fl-cu, nim 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 cr-cu,cr.cr-st,cr-hz. 
 cu, cu-st, d-cr-hz.. 
 ovt, lt-R 
 fl cu, cu-st 
 
 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 8 
 5 
 
 sc-cu 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu,cr,cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cr-hz, nim... 
 cu, cu-st, nim ... 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 cr, cr-hz, mm... 
 fl-cu, nim 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz .., 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 7 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 cu,cr-cu,cr-st,cr-hz 
 cr-cu ,cr-st,d-cr-hz. 
 cr, cr-st 
 cu, nim 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 7 
 7 
 2 
 8 
 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st,d-cr-hz 
 or, cr-st .. 
 ovt 
 
 7 
 B 
 
 4 
 
 a 
 
 j 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 eu, d-cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-st,d-cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 
 7 
 3 
 5 
 5 
 1 
 8 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, or-hz ... 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st,cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cr, cr-hz, nim. 
 
 6 
 4 
 
 4 
 5 
 2 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cu-st, ci-st ... 
 cu,cr-cu,cr-st,cr-hz. 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cr, cr-hz, nim 
 
 5 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 8 
 
 cr, cr-hz, nim... 
 
 6 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st , cr-hz 
 
 5 
 
 cu,cr-cu,cr-st,cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 fl-cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 
 7 
 
 fl-cu, cr, d-cr-hz... 
 
 7 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1857 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 .30 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu ,cu-st ,cr-h z ,nim 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz.., 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 II. en-gt, iT-ln, nim, fr-lg 
 h.v-cu, cu-st,cr-hi,nim.fr- 
 >g 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cu.. 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, hz, nim... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-cn, cr-st ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 cu-hor 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 
 128-8 
 130-8 
 131-5 
 131-5 
 113-0 
 108-7 
 115-8 
 134-5 
 123-0 
 119-0 
 117-0 
 1310 
 119-0 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 112-0 
 111-0 
 114-0 
 104-0 
 110-7 
 112-0 
 ovt. 
 115-0 
 117-5 
 119-0 
 115-2 
 117-8 
 107-8 
 122-0 
 111-2 
 
 76-6 
 76-6 
 79-1 
 79-7 
 77-3 
 79-3 
 77-6 
 79-3 
 71-3 
 74-8 
 76-8 
 74-8 
 74-7 
 76-3 
 75-5 
 74-6 
 74-5 
 73-8 
 75-1 
 74-8 
 77-1 
 74-9 
 76-0 
 73-2 
 77-6 
 75-3 
 74-0 
 74-3 
 73-8 
 74-8 
 
 99-8 
 100-7 
 97-9 
 98-6 
 95-0 
 95-4 
 93-9 
 95-5 
 95-3 
 907 
 90-9 
 97-7 
 96-0 
 85-0 
 89-4 
 91-5 
 91-9 
 95-0 
 97-4 
 95-1 
 96-7 
 94-7 
 98-7 
 98-9 
 99-6 
 97-7 
 98-1 
 97-0 
 99-5 
 98-6 
 
 81-0 
 80-4 
 82-6 
 81-0 
 80-1 
 82-0 
 79-9 
 80-4 
 75-5 
 75-0 
 76-9 
 77-6 
 77-8 
 78-3 
 77-6 
 78-1 
 78-7 
 77-5 
 80-2 
 79-6 
 79-2 
 80-0 
 79-1 
 79-4 
 83-0 
 79-9 
 79-4 
 81-1 
 792 
 81-7 
 
 fl-cu 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 fl-cn, nim 
 
 4 
 3 
 6 
 
 cu-hor 
 en, cu-st, cr, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, d-cr-hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz.. 
 ovt, R, th 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 6 
 8 
 3 
 I 
 
 cr-cn, cr-st, hz ... 
 sc-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 ovt, H-B, 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 6 
 5 
 8 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 fl-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu ,cu-st.,er-st,cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 7 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, d-cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 fl-cn, cu-st, nim... 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 7 
 6 
 4 
 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz-hor. 
 fl-cu,d-cr-hz,dis-th-N 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz . . . 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, nim 
 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 
 cu,cr-cu,cr, cr-hz. 
 cti,cu-st,cr-hz,nim- 
 
 6 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 3 
 4 
 
 cr-cu, d-cr-hz... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cr-cu, hz 
 cr cu, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 5 
 
 cr-cu, d-cr-hz 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 5 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt, lt-R 
 ovt, lt-R 
 ovt, lt-R 
 on, cr-cu, cr hz ... 
 cr-cn, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 5 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 6 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 fl-cn, cr, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 fl-cn, cr, d-cr-hz... 
 fl-cn, cr, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cn, hz, nim 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 ny-ovt ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 2 
 4 
 6 
 
 ny-ovt. . 
 ovt 
 cr-cu, cr-hz .. 
 cu 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz.. 
 
 7 
 8 
 5 
 1 
 4 
 5 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cr cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 4 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 en, cr-cn, cr-st .. 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz .. 
 
 7 
 8 
 4 
 3 
 1 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, d-cr-hz 
 ovt 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cn 
 fl-cn, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 8 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 4 
 
 fl-cn, d-cr-hz 
 ovt 
 fl-cn, d-cr-hz 
 en, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 8 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 4 
 
 cu,cu-8t,cr-hz,nim 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 cr-cu, cr-st,cr-hz 
 
 8 
 5 
 5 
 
 ovt 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu. cr-st, cr-hz. 
 
 8 
 5 
 6 
 
 
 R 
 
 
 8 
 3 
 5 
 
 cu, d-cr, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 2 
 7 
 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 
 
 3 .3 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 f 8 I 
 
 i | ! 
 
 ij^uiiiiiiiiiiiyiiiiiUttiiiiiiliH?' 
 
 11 1 Sc^-I^B^^^i i 3 J .3 3' . a* i fc 1 & g 1 S. i t w 4 -S 4 % i 'I * 
 
 28 
 
110 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OP JULY 1857 
 
 Date 
 
 3-ottingen Mean Time 
 \00\ 
 
 1 
 
 _s 
 
 >> 
 ^ 
 
 'r^\ 
 
 I 
 !"> 
 
 3 
 
 00 
 
 >. 
 
 M 
 
 ir, 
 
 \ 
 
 O 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 A 
 
 00 
 
 = 
 >, 
 
 3 
 
 t 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 00 
 
 - 
 >1 
 
 S 
 
 >. 
 
 r3 
 S 
 O 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 .5 
 >, 
 
 4= 
 
 >, 
 
 r3 
 
 d 
 
 O 
 
 10 
 
 -c 
 
 00 
 
 a 
 
 >> 
 M 
 m 
 e> 
 >q 
 
 g 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 *0 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 cu, d-hz 
 fl-cn, mm ... 
 cu, cr-ou, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 
 en, cn-st, cr-st, hz .. 
 cu, nim 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz .. 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 4 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-st, d-hz. 
 cu, cu-st, Ig-SW ... 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz, hO 
 fl-cu, cu-st, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, Ig-SE 
 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt ... 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 ny-ovt ... ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz, hO. 
 er-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 fl-cu, hz 
 fl-cu, nim, dis-th ... 
 cu, cr, cr-cu, d-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 7 
 6 
 4 
 
 ou, cr-hz ...[hz, It-R 
 hy-cu, cu-at, cr-st, nim, 
 
 cu, cr-hz, er-st 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 fl-cu, d-cr-hz, nim .. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 
 7 
 7 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 <> 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st, h!3X. 
 
 cu, cu-*t, cr-st, lit, linn, gh-lg-S. 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz, sh-lg-W. 
 cu,cu-st,hz,8h-lg-SW. 
 
 8 
 4 
 5 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 er-st, cr-hz ... 
 er-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, R 
 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-at, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 cr, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 
 6 
 5 
 4 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 4 
 7 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 : 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, nim 
 cu, cu-st, cr, d-cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, or, ci'-hz 
 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 
 7 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 6 
 8 
 3 
 
 cr-cu, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ovc 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 5 
 fi 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 
 
 cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, nim, cr, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cr, cr-hz, nim.. 
 cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 7 
 6 
 7 
 4 
 6 
 4 
 
 en, cr-st, d-hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu,cu-st,cr-st,hz,lg-W 
 fl-cu, nim, dis-th ... 
 en, cu-st, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 6 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-liz 
 cu,cr-8t,hz,sh-lg-SW 
 cu, cr-st, hz, Ig-W... 
 cu-st,hz,lg-NW-hor.. 
 on, hz, Ig-SW. ..[NW 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz, sh-lg- 
 
 6 
 3 
 7 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 
 cu, nim 
 cu, hz, Ig-SW 
 cu, cr-hz, Ig-SW ... 
 eu, hz, Ig-SW 
 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt 
 fl-cu, cr-hz, Ig-SW... 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 7 
 6 
 
 uy-ovt, It-R 
 ovt, Ig, dis-th, It-R... 
 ovt, Ig, It-R 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ovt, R, Ig-SW 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... ... ' ~'.i 
 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... ... ... 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 ovt ... ... ... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 ovt ... ... ... 
 ovt, It-E 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 S 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 ovt ... 
 ou, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr, cr-st 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 
 7 
 
 fl-cu, nim, R 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF AUGUST 1857 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 3O 
 31 
 
 fl-cu, or, or-hz 
 
 6 
 
 en, cn-gt, cr-hz, nim. 
 
 7 
 
 ovt, It-R ... ... 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 ovt .. 
 
 8 
 7 
 4 
 7 
 8 
 5 
 
 ou, cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 en, d-cr-hz ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz, nim 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 cr-en, cu-st, cr-hz... 
 cu, cn-st, er-hz, nim. 
 cu,cu-8t,d-cr-hz,nim 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 cu, cr, d-or-hz, nim.. 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 
 7 
 2 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 7 
 
 cu,cu-st,nim, lg-NW. 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt ... ... 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu,cr,d-cr-hz,lg-NW. 
 
 8 
 2 
 8 
 5 
 4 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim, It-It.. 
 fl-cu 
 ny-ovt, h!3 sh-lg-S . . . 
 ou, hz, hO 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-at,hz,lg-S 
 hy-cu,cu-st, or-st,d-hz 
 
 8 
 5 
 
 7 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt, sh-lg-S 
 fl-cu, hz 
 ovt, sh-lg-S 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st,hl v ... 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 fi 
 
 ny-ovt, sh-lg-E 
 fl-cu, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt .. 
 
 cu,cr-hz cr-st,hli ... 
 ou, cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-cu 
 fl-cu, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, cr-hz ... ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 4 
 2 
 G 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 cu,cr-cu,cr-st,cr-hz,nim 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 fl-cu, cr, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 cu, cu-st, er-hz, nim. 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 
 5 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 
 fl-cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cr, cr-st, d-cr-hz ... 
 ovt It-R 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 
 en, d-cr-hz ... 
 ovt ... 
 cr, er-hz, Ig-SW ... 
 
 4 
 8 
 2 
 8 
 2 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cn-st, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 7 
 4 
 1 
 8 
 5 
 8 
 
 en, cr-hz, cr-cu 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt, sh-lg-NW ... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 fi 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz 
 
 IB 
 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 ovt. It-B 
 ovt ... 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 cu,cr-hz,sh-lg-SW ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 6 
 8 
 
 cu, hz ... ...| 1 
 ovt 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr'hz 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 8 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 ovt ... ... ... 
 
 8 
 ,2 
 7 
 
 cu, cr hz 
 on, cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 ovt ... 
 
 fl-cu, d-cr-hz, r-b ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cn-st, nim 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 (', 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu, nim, d-cr-hii... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 eu, cn-st, cr-hz '... 
 
 2 
 7 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 ny-clear, Ig-SW 
 cu, cr-cu, hz [Ig-SW 
 hy-cu, eu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, cr-cu 
 clear 
 ny-ovt 
 
 
 6 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 7 
 
 ny-clear, Ig-SW 
 cu, cu-st, hz, Ig-S ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 ny-ort 
 cu-st, hz 
 ny-ovt ... 
 
 
 
 8 
 1 
 7 
 2 
 7 
 
 clear 
 eu, cr-hz 
 
 
 4 
 
 ny-elear ... .;^ 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 cu-hor 
 ovt, It-R, sh-lg-SE... 
 cu-hor 
 cu, cr-hz ... . ... 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 2 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... ..j 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 cu-hor 
 
 , 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st. rr-^t . er-l^nim 
 
 7 
 
 fl-cu, d-cr-hz, nim ... i 6 
 
 cu, rl-hz 
 
 7 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 7 
 
 en, cr-liz 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ADOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 g .3 
 1 o I . 
 
 0. ( 3 t. 
 
 " 
 f 1 1 s 
 
 11 jjyljimf iii iiijiiiiti hiil! lii hiii 
 
 id*44u*z^ i*:s.i.S2i*<i1fc : J > g 1 i -i pj i oj i -i 4 -i 'i i 4 & 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 111 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOE THE MONTH OF JULY 1857 
 
 1 
 
 q 
 
 13 
 
 00 
 
 a 
 M 
 
 01 
 
 o 
 
 14 
 
 00 
 
 c 
 
 ~ 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 .9 
 Zi 
 
 00 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 
 18 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 00 
 
 s 
 & 
 
 00 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 33 
 
 00 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 VI 
 
 >, 
 
 a 
 5 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 (j 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 en, cr-st-hor ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz. 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, d-er-hz 
 cr-cn, or, er-hz.. 
 
 5 
 6 
 5 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... ,,i 
 cr-cu, cr, d-cr-hz.. 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr st, cr-hz. 
 
 4 
 (j 
 5 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr, d-cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 ny-clear 
 ou, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 cu, eu-st, d-cr-hz.. 
 eu, cr, d.cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, hz 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 121-5 
 119-0 
 118-5 
 118-3 
 117-3 
 120-3 
 119-7 
 127-0 
 125-5 
 129-5 
 121-1 
 124-5 
 115-5 
 124-5 
 125-3 
 129-7 
 136-0 
 125-3 
 130-5 
 126-5 
 115-5 
 135-7 
 124-3 
 122-0 
 118-0 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 120-0 
 115-0 
 117-7 
 
 72-3 
 73-8 
 71-3 
 73-6 
 750 
 73-6 
 73-9 
 74-6 
 76-6 
 72-6 
 72-1 
 71-9 
 72-0 
 73-5 
 75-8 
 76-4 
 75-2 
 77-7 
 76-8 
 74'2 
 73-0 
 71-4 
 75-2 
 73-1 
 75-0 
 72-2 
 70-4 
 72-8 
 73-0 
 72-7 
 72-7 
 
 100-4 
 96-0 
 99-6 
 99-5 
 97-4 
 99-7 
 96-7 
 98-6 
 97-3 
 
 95 : 9 
 97-5 
 96-6 
 97-9 
 95-9 
 97-2 
 95-5 
 93-5 
 95-5 
 97-8 
 91-8 
 92-6 
 90-7 
 94-5 
 93-0 
 92-0 
 84-7 
 86-8 
 90-4 
 91-1 
 88-5 
 
 80-8 
 78-7 
 80-3 
 80-5 
 82-3 
 82-1 
 80-0 
 81-4 
 80-8 
 80-0 
 77-2 
 79-8 
 81-6 
 80-0 
 81-5 
 80-8 
 801 
 80-9 
 80-9 
 79-1 
 76-3 
 74-9 
 78-5 
 77-9 
 77-8 
 75-2 
 72-0 
 74-6 
 76-0 
 76-3 
 76-1 
 
 cr-cu 
 cr, cr 
 cu-ho 
 eu, ei 
 ovt 
 cu,cr-( 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 -st, cr-hz... 
 r . . . 
 -cu, cr-hz.. 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 a 
 
 7 
 S 
 
 ny-ovt,.. 
 cr-cu, cr-st 
 cr-st, or-hz 
 cr-cu, cr 
 
 7 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz ... . 
 cr-cu, cr-st 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 or-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 7 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 5 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 er, cr-hz ... 
 cr-eu, cr-st 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 1 
 
 7 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, d-cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 5 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st cr-hz... 
 fl-cu, on-st 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, d-cr-hz.. 
 fl-cu, nim 
 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 5 
 
 u,cr-3t,cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz.. 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 ny-clear 
 cr-at, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cn. cr-hz.. 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz.. 
 or, cr-hz 
 er-cu, cr-st, d-hz. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 cr-cu, cr-st 
 
 5 
 6 
 2 
 
 6 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 cr-en, or ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 cr-cu, d-cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 
 3 
 
 (i 
 
 5 
 
 r, 
 3 
 
 cr-cu, cr ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr hz.. 
 
 2 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 
 fl cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, d-cr, cr-hz ... 
 Cu, cr, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr hz.. 
 fl-cn, cr-bz 
 eu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 . 6 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, nim... 
 cu, d-cr, or-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cn-st, nim... 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, er, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 ovt 
 ovt,fr-lg,th,lt-R 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 4 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 3 
 
 ou, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 ovt 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 5 
 
 8 
 6 
 4 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu,. cr cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 eu, cr, cr-st 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 8 
 3 
 4 
 4 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 iiy-ovt 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, er hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz. 
 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 cu, cr-cu, cr,d-cr-hz 
 eu, cr-st, cr-hz .. 
 fl-cu, cu-st, nim ... 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 7 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 
 fl-CU, d-Cr-hz [nim 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr, cr-hz, 
 ou, cr-cn, cr,d-cr-hz 
 cu, cu st, or-hz ... 
 ou, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 ou, cr, d-er-hz ... 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 5 
 5 
 
 ovt, E 
 ovt, vlt-E 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 4 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 
 ovt, It-B 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 cu, cu-Bt, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cn, d-cr-hz.. 
 fl-cu, cn-st, er-hz... 
 fl-cu, nim 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt, It- R 
 ovt, It-R 
 fl-cu, nim 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOE THE MONTH OF AUGUST 1857 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 122-0 
 121-4 
 125-5 
 128-0 
 125-5 
 123-5 
 117-8 
 115-7 
 120-5 
 119-0 
 1193 
 123-5 
 117-0 
 12U-0 
 122-0 
 12S-7 
 114-5 
 1133 
 135-5 
 121-7 
 129-5 
 119-5 
 140-9 
 141-5 
 140-4 
 141-3 
 134-2 
 132-5 
 131-5 
 134-7 
 130-5 
 
 72-4 
 75-2 
 76-6 
 74-6 
 76-0 
 75-7 
 73-7 
 74-4 
 76-0 
 73-2 
 74-2 
 73-2 
 
 brokei 
 
 93-8 
 92-9 
 94-8 
 94-7 
 96-0 
 98-3 
 97-3 
 96-1 
 98-6 
 96-8 
 96-7 
 99-5 
 97-1 
 97-1 
 96-3 
 98-9 
 97-6 
 96-0 
 98-6 
 97-7 
 97-3 
 93-7 
 95-9 
 93-6 
 98-2 
 96-7 
 95-5 
 98-6 
 99-0 
 96-2 
 9(3-9 
 
 76-6 
 
 78-0 
 78-8 
 79-0 
 78-3 
 SO'2 
 80-2 
 80-6 
 79-8 
 789 
 79-3 
 79-2 
 79-0 
 81-2 
 82-4 
 82-7 
 81-1 
 79-3 
 81-9 
 79-6 
 79-0 
 78-1 
 79-7 
 77-1 
 78-1 
 81-1 
 79-8 
 79-0 
 81-1 
 80-7 
 82-1 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-bz.. 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 5 
 3 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 
 ny-ovt... 
 cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 ny-ovt... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr ... 
 
 7 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 7 
 5 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 cr, It-Cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, er-st.. 
 
 7 
 (i 
 
 (! 
 
 r, 
 
 4 
 
 cr, cr-st ... 
 cr, cr-st, er-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz .. 
 cu, cr st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu,cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 4 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 
 cu, cn-st. er-hz ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cr hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 
 
 
 6 
 5 
 
 7 
 7 
 4 
 5 
 
 cr-cu. en, cr-hz. 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 
 ny-ovt... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu,cr-cu,cr,cr-hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 
 7 
 4 
 7 
 
 cr-cn, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, or, cr-hz ... 
 cr-eu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 ou, cr-cu, er-hz .. 
 
 
 :( 
 
 i; 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr, d-cr-hz.. 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 
 7 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 CUjCr-cUiCr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cr-cu, d-cr-hz 
 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, nim 
 fl-cu, cr-eu, d-cr-hz 
 
 4 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 ny-ovt ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 en, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 clear ... "... 
 ny-clear 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hi, nim,lt-R 
 
 cr-cu, cu, cr-hz. 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu,cr-cu,cr,cr-hz,nim 
 cr-cn, cu, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 eu, er-cu, er-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-en, cr-st 
 
 7 
 5 
 
 S 
 
 r, 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, or-hz ... 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu, cr, cr-ss ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 5 
 8 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 
 cu, er-st, cr-hz .. 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 ou, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu, on-st, er-hz. 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, er-hz ... 
 ovt 
 cu, or-hz, nim ... 
 cn,cu-st,c'-hz,nim 
 cu, cu at, cr-hz ... 
 
 01 
 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 en, cr-hz 
 clear ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 en. cr-hz 
 cn-hor... 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 en, cr-st 
 cr, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz.. 
 en, cu-st 
 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 eu, cr, cr-st 
 
 :t 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 eu-st, or ... 
 cr-st, cu 
 er-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 
 :i 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, er-st, hz 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-cu, hz 
 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 
 on, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st .. 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 en, cr 
 en, or 
 
 -hz ... 2 
 
 -hz ... 7 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-cu, hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 :, 
 i 
 
 cu, d-cr hz 
 
 cr, er-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 sc-cu. on-st 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, cr-hz 
 eu, cn-st, liz 
 
 EXPLANATION OK SYMBOLS 
 USED IN* THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 1 * i 
 
 -Sr s 1 
 
 s | >, > 
 " " i -t. ~ 
 
 TS 8 1 j -3 * ; 1 , *'. 1 ^ | 13 
 
 -3 -p -3 s "i ! ! -B i' ! fr i .* - * 1? "^ o ^^=5^1^^ 
 
112 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 1857 
 
 Date 
 
 Gottingen Mean Time 
 NOON 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 
 _c 
 
 H 
 
 ^ 
 
 'Jl 
 
 >> 
 
 T3 
 3 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 * 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 >, 
 
 3 
 
 P 
 
 _0 
 
 s 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 a 
 
 5 
 
 s>> 
 
 s 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 c 
 
 5 
 
 r. 
 >* 
 
 1 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 ^3 
 00 
 
 - 
 
 s*> 
 
 ^ 
 
 GO 
 
 >. 
 
 1 
 
 O 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 J3 
 00 
 
 .5 
 
 k> 
 2 
 % 
 | 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, hz-hor ... 
 cu, hz 
 cr-hz, cr-st, cu 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st 
 fl-cu, nim 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, d-cr-hz 
 cu-hor 
 cu, hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 6 
 7 
 7 
 3 
 2 
 
 en, cu-Bt, hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu-st-hor, It-hz 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st 
 cu-hor, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 
 1 
 4, 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cr-st, d-cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 2 
 
 en, cr-cn, hz 
 or-cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, nim. 
 cr-st, d-cr-hz, hl.3... 
 cr-st, d-hz, hl-3 ... 
 
 7 
 1 
 7 
 6 
 C 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-liz, nim 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 
 S 
 
 ovt ... ... . ... 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 C, 
 8 
 7 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cn, hz,nim. 
 cr-cu, cr-st, d-hz .. 
 cr, cr-st, d-hz 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 ovt ... ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 cu, cu-st, d-cr-hz 
 en, cr-cu, cr-st 
 cu, cr-hz, cu-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 2 
 
 cr-hz, cr-st... 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, hz 
 cu-Bt, cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 6 
 7 
 3 
 2 
 4 
 
 cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 4 
 7 
 8 
 3 
 4 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, d-cr-hz.. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 3 
 2 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-st, ci'-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 en, hz 
 
 4 
 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr-hz [S-E.R 
 cu, cr-hz, nim, sh-lg- 
 o vt . . . 
 ovt . . . 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 8 
 
 7 
 3 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 c 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 ovt ... 
 ovt 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 en, cn-st, d-hz 
 en, cr-hz, nim 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ovt, Ig-S, th 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 4 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt, sh-lg ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, R, lg-E 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, sh-lg 
 cu, eu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt ... ... ... 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 cr-hz, cu 
 ovt ... ... '. 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 en, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr, cr-bz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 en, cr-cn, hz 
 cu-hor, nim, th-W . . . 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 fl-cu,cu-st,cr-hz,nim 
 on, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, nim, R ... 
 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 "5 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz, Ig-S W. 
 cu-hor, Ig-W 
 cu-hor, Ig-NW 
 cu-8t,cr-st,d-hz,hl- j 
 [Ig-W-hor 
 cu-st, cr-st,hz, Ig-SW 
 fl-cu, cr-hz, Ig-S ... 
 cr-cu, cu, hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 2 
 1 
 6 
 
 4 
 6 
 2 
 
 clear ... ... 
 ny-clear 
 It-ou, hz, Ig-S W ... 
 cu-hor, Ig-W 
 cu, cu-st, Ig-NW ... 
 hy-cu, cn-st, nim,th, 
 ... .Dg-NW 
 cu-st, hz, sh-lg-S ... 
 fl-cu, nim, Ig-S 
 on, hz 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 5 
 7 
 
 4 
 8 
 2 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, hz ... ... 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz, ]p- 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 It-cu, hz 
 cu,cr-hz,nim,fr-lg,W 
 cu, cu-st, Ig-N W ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim, 
 [fr-th,lg 
 cu, cr-st, hz, sh-lg-E 
 ny-ovt 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz, hi- 3. 
 
 1 
 8 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz [NW 
 cu, eu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 ... [fr-lg-NW 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st 
 
 4 
 6 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 cu, cr-hz, nim, sh-lg 
 eu, cr-hz, nim [SW 
 eu, cn-st, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1857 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 20 
 11 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 3O 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 cu, cr-hz, ci-st 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 3 
 6 
 
 ny-clear 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 clear 
 cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 eu, er, cr-hz 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz, sh-lg-N. 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr, cr-hz, hi -3)... 
 
 3 
 6 
 E 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt, hy-R, fr-ld-th.... 
 en, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... ^ 
 
 ovt, Ig-NW 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz, lg--S 
 cu-hor 
 cu-hor 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, nim, th-W 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu-st, cr-st,hz, Ig-SW 
 cn-hor, Ig-S 
 cu-hor, lg-W 
 clear, sh-lg-S-hor ... 
 fl-cu, cr-hz, nim ... 
 en, cr-st, hz, Ig-N W 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 cu-st,cr-8t,cr-cu,hz,lg-S 
 cr, cr-hz, Ig-SW ... 
 cu, hz, Ig-W 
 ny-clear, sh-lg-S W-hor 
 fl-cu, cr-hz, Ig-SW... 
 cu, cr-st, hz, Ig-S ... 
 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 ny-clear 
 en, cr-hz, Ig-SW ... 
 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear .. ... 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, It-hz, lg-W,NW. 
 en, cr-st, hz, Ig-S W. 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 2 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 
 ovt, lg-S .... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, R 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, Ig-N 
 ovt, R, fr-lg, th-S W 
 ovt,lt-R, lg-N,NE... 
 ovt .. 
 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 2 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, It-R, th 
 fl-cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ovt, Ig-N E, It-R ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hzf 
 cr-st, or-hz ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 4 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, R, lg-th 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 ovt, It-R, r-b 
 cu, hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 8 
 1 
 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 
 ovt . 
 ovt ... 
 
 ovt ... 
 cu, hz 
 clear 
 
 8 
 2 
 
 
 ovt ... 
 cu, hz 
 fl-cu, Ig-W 
 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, cn-st, nim, sh-lg- 
 ny-clear ... [NW 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 fl-cu . 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, nim, cr-hz 
 ovt, It-R 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 ovt, R 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 
 fl-cu, Ig-N W-hor ... 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear, Ig-S, E, W. 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, R 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 en, hz, lg-E [W 
 cu, cu-Bt, hz, lg-E, S, 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, R, dis-th,lg-NE 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim, It-R., 
 cu, cu-st, hz, nim ... 
 ovt, fr-lg-E, & SE,R, 
 ovt [th 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt, R 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 cu, nim, Ig-NW ... 4 
 ovt, Ig-N ... 8 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 ovt, It-R 8 
 
 ovt ... ... 
 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, hy-R ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt, It- R 
 
 ovt, R .. ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt, hl-3) 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 s 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 7 
 R 
 
 ovt,lg-NE 
 on, cr-st, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 
 
 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 ard.... around 
 eld. ...clouds or cloudy 
 cr or ci. cirri or cirro or cirrous 
 cu cumuli or cumulo 
 D dew 
 d dense 
 
 -u 
 
 -4J C 
 
 1 1 1 - 1 11 
 
 -8 . i 3 <!j | 
 
 H & S <n : 
 
 a 
 
 I 
 
 S 
 >, 
 
 & 3 
 
 a .3 jc ^^3.^1 
 
 l!l||llilll!lf lihllf III! !!! 
 
 ,i 2 1 . si j .s 1 1 fc 1 & 1 i iL d i. ti s-s-ss^ ]? 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 113 
 
 RKMARKS ON' THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OP SEPTEMBER 1857 
 
 5 
 P 
 
 IS 
 
 ~ 
 
 T 
 
 ,' 
 ij 
 
 P 
 
 S 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 p c 
 
 >> 
 
 ^fi 
 
 ta 
 
 s*> 
 
 J5 
 
 5 
 
 Hi 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 t 
 
 IS 
 
 j 
 
 55 
 s 
 >t 
 
 ^ 
 >, 
 
 o 
 
 s 
 
 2O 
 
 3 
 
 CO 
 
 C 
 
 >t 
 
 ^4 
 y. 
 
 ^ 
 
 | 
 o 
 
 S3 
 
 1 
 
 .3 
 "? 
 M 
 
 00 
 >t 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 O 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 1 
 
 > 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 i 
 
 ,S 
 < 
 
 IO 
 
 11 
 Li 
 
 13 
 It 
 
 13 
 Hi 
 17 
 18 
 10 
 
 feo 
 
 21 
 22 
 2:5 
 24 
 25 
 20 
 27 
 28 
 20 
 
 BO 
 
 cu, c 
 ovt 
 d-cr 
 cu, ( 
 
 cr, c 
 er-h 
 cu, c 
 cr-c 
 ny-c 
 cr-ci 
 
 en, c 
 
 CXI, IT- 
 
 CU.CU 
 
 ovt 
 ovc 
 cu.cu 
 
 r-cu, cr-hz. 
 
 hz, cr-st, cu 
 ;r-hz, cr-st.. 
 
 r-st, cr-hz.. 
 z, cr-st 
 r-st, cr-hz.. 
 i, cr-hz ... 
 lear 
 
 4 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 ou, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 jr-hz, cr-st 
 
 4 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu,cr-cu, (1-cr-hz.i i i in. 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, or-st, cr-liz ... 
 
 
 5 
 4 
 5 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 cr-cti, cr-hz, cu ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, or-hz ... 
 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 5 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 sc-cu, cn-st 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 
 SC-CU, CH-St 
 
 eu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 4 
 6 
 3 
 
 6 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 4 
 3 
 
 134-5 
 142-5 
 137-5 
 129-0 
 140-5 
 134-0 
 127-0 
 120-5 
 125-7 
 135-7 
 140-5 
 140-0 
 129-0 
 134-5 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 115-5 
 128-7 
 115-5 
 118-5 
 106-5 
 108-4 
 136-4 
 129-0 
 138-0 
 135-4 
 144-5 
 144-5 
 144-5 
 
 
 
 93-1 
 93-4 
 95-1 
 942 
 93-9 
 95-9 
 98-5 
 980 
 90-5 
 94-1 
 92-8 
 97-1 
 95-5 
 93-2 
 86-7 
 89-6 
 87-8 
 94-2 
 98-0 
 91-3 
 89-9 
 88-3 
 91-7 
 916 
 94-3 
 94-0 
 93-5 
 93-8 
 93-5 
 94-9 
 
 81-0 
 82-1 
 81-5 
 80-1 
 79-5 
 80-1 
 81-0 
 S2-1 
 
 81-9 
 78-7 
 79-1 
 79-1 
 81-6 
 77-1 
 78-3 
 78-0 
 77-4 
 80-2 
 79-7 
 77'!s 
 78-7 
 79-1 
 79-3 
 79-2 
 80-3 
 77-7 
 77-6 
 75-8 
 77-4 
 76-8 
 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st .. 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 clear ... 
 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 (i 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 
 ovt 
 clear 
 
 5 
 
 a 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 ovt 
 clear 
 sc-cu 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 sc-cu, hz 
 fl-cu, nim 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 
 1 
 5 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 i'-hz 
 
 hi. Him, h-lg-K.. 
 
 -st, cr-hz, nim 
 -st, cr-hz, nim 
 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 : 
 
 
 
 
 eu,cu-8t, cr-hz, nim 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-hz, nim ... 8 
 cu, cr-hz ... ... 6 
 ovt 8 
 ovt 8 
 ny-ovt ... ... 7 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 nvovt 
 
 8 
 5 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 fl-cn, d-cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 fl-cu, d-cr-hz 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz, nim ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 S 
 8 
 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 4? 
 
 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt ... ... j 7 
 
 uy-ovt 
 
 ny-ovt, lg-N ... 
 
 cu. rr-st, cr-hi, sh-lij-NW 
 
 fl-cu, nim 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-h/.. 
 cu,ca-st, nim.,. 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 i 
 6 
 
 i 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz, nim... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, hz, nim 
 cu, cu-st 
 cr-cu, cr hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, uim . . . 
 
 8 
 G 
 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-cu, d-cr-hz.. 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cu,cu-st,cr-h/., nim, It 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 a 
 a 
 (i 
 i 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, nim ... 
 cu, hy-cu 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 clear 
 ny-clear .. 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 4 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, nim ... 
 
 fl-Cll 
 
 cu .. 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 en, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... . 
 cu-hor 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz, nim... 
 
 en, <T-hr, nun. .-h-lj-W... 
 
 cu, cr-st-hor ... 
 cu, hz ... 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 ^ 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-cn, cr hz. 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 en, cr-hz, cr-st.. 
 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 
 4 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz, on 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz . 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1857 
 
 I 
 2 
 :i 
 4 
 > 
 6 
 7 
 s 
 ;i 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 is 
 
 19 
 3O 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 
 25 
 26 
 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 :to 
 
 [Ig-SE, It-R 
 cu, cu-st, hz, nim, 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, hz 
 [sh-lg-SE 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,nim, 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cn-hor .. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz, cu.. 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 [N, NW, E 
 cu, eu-st, cr-hz, 1#- 
 ovt.lt- E,fr-lg,th-S 
 ovt 
 ovt, fr-lg-NE... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 fl-cn, nim, lt-R.. 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 '7 
 1 
 1 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 "4 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 .1 
 3 
 
 cu,cu-st, cr-hz,nim 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 
 a 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cu st, cr-hz.. 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 6 
 
 144-5 
 141-5 
 144-3 
 138-5 
 144-5 
 144-5 
 127-0 
 130-5 
 135-5 
 130-3 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 126-0 
 ovt. 
 124-5 
 143-4 
 132-5 
 143-0 
 137-5 
 140-5 
 ovt. 
 110-5 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 130-5 
 120-5 
 115-5 
 ovt. 
 
 
 
 94-1 
 89-5 
 902 
 92-2 
 94-4 
 90-4 
 88-9 
 89-7 
 89-6 
 88-9 
 86-6 
 83-C 
 85-7 
 82-8 
 83-4 
 85-0 
 84-9 
 85-8 
 86-5 
 85-7 
 81-3 
 80-1 
 77-9 
 77-6 
 77-2 
 79-9 
 84-3 
 83-4 
 83-5 
 79-6 
 
 77-9 
 70-5 
 75-4 
 77-9 
 76-9 
 78-7 
 77-5 
 771 
 77-8 
 78-2 
 74-1 
 74-3 
 75-8 
 74-2 
 73-0 
 75-7 
 76-1 
 75-5 
 76-1 
 76-2 
 73-9 
 74-3 
 72-9 
 72-4 
 73-2 
 75-0 
 75-1 
 75-4 
 71-6 
 73-7 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hor 
 clear ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,nim, 
 [lt-R 
 
 6 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 a 
 
 ' 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz, nim... 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, nim .. 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 cu-hor 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr 
 cu, cr 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu, cr-hz. 
 cu, or 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 fl-eu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 i 
 i 
 i 
 i 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz .. 
 fl-cu, cn-st, hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 7 
 
 ovt, R, th 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt, R ... [th 
 cu, cr-hz, nim-SW, 
 ny-ovt 
 
 8 
 
 s 
 s 
 s 
 4 
 7 
 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 fl-cu, nim 
 ovt, hy-R 
 cu 
 cu, cu-gt, cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 ovt 
 fl-cu, nim, dis-th... 
 fl-cu 
 ovt, th 
 cu, cr-hz, nim .. . 
 en, eu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 6 
 
 ovt 
 fl-cu, nim, dis-th... 
 fl-cn, cr, cr-hz .. 
 ovt, R 
 en, cr-hz, nim ... 
 cu,cr-cn, cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 K 
 6 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, hz, nim 
 ny-ovt, lg-NW.. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, R ... 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, nim 
 ny-ovt, 11, r-b-E 
 cu, cr-hz, nim,N 
 ovt 
 ovt, R 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz .. 
 ovt 
 
 a 
 
 6 
 8 
 
 h 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 S 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, or-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, cn-st, nim 
 ovt, R 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, R 
 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 ovt, R 
 
 
 s 
 
 ovt 
 ovt, R, th-E 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 
 
 
 ovt, R ... 
 ovt 
 ovt .. [NW 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, Ig- 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt, lt-R 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ovt, lt-R, th-SE... 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 ovt, It-H 
 ovt 
 
 R 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, th-NW 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 s 
 
 
 ovt 
 
 s 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 EXPLANATION OF .SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THB ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 & r^ 
 
 1 ' 1 
 'So A 
 
 1 1 . . 8 
 
 111 >, *? 
 
 u .5 t> N r - 
 
 o^c -a *. % -o - e. fc " t. 
 
 r-t O ._ C T3 G ^ .E ~. V. i, 01 
 
 = '3 * <2 -S * x. % * ? i*iSS4?J|f'_B$ -9 <= -S -^ ; "2 .a 
 
 II s 1 1 I t i S^-E s -s * -g, t = si -e .5 .s a -s s g 5.2 t t s 
 
 _=. QJO>. 5-. 't-a;eiCrt^.pa>o.5^>.4'( P *r* Ik 
 
 rt '-: u tJ T3 T3 rrj V 4! 4| q? *3 |Bi*.B*l|JBjlB*i C C CO P ft *- a? w -M +; > P ^ 
 
 l^sgc^^^K^^-ci fcaJSJsaMli*l & s : 1 airttw^-s-s^i j -s 
 
 29 
 
114 
 
 MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF NOVEMBER 1857 
 
 Date 
 
 lOttinKen Mean Time 
 
 xoow 
 
 Cloudy sky inSths 
 
 3 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8t1is 
 
 4 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 tt 
 
 00 
 
 z 
 
 "f. 
 
 ^f. 
 
 X 
 >. 
 
 c 
 
 c 
 
 o 
 
 8 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 .= 
 
 >> 
 
 ^ 
 
 >. 
 
 r2 
 S 
 c 
 
 C 
 
 Oct. 31 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 is 
 19 
 30 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 ovt . 
 cu, cn-gt, cr-cu 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-tt 
 en, cr 
 cu, cu-st, cr 
 
 8 
 
 "s 
 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 2 
 2 
 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 8 
 
 ovt .. 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 ovt It-R 
 
 S 
 5 
 1 
 ~t 
 7 
 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 7 
 4 
 7 
 1 
 
 
 cu, cr-cu, d-cr-hz .. 
 ny-ovt, sh-lg-NE ... 
 cu, cu-.st, nim, sh-l^r-AY. 
 en, cu-st, cr-cu,cr-hz.. 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz . . ... 
 
 7 
 7 
 fi 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 eu, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 ny-clear 
 
 cu, cu-st, fcz, rmn,lr-SW 
 cu-st,cr-st,hz,lg,th-NW. 
 cu, cn-st, Ig-W, NW. 
 cu, cr-st, hz, Ig-W... 
 clear 
 
 5 
 5 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 
 cu cn-st, hz, nim ... 
 cu-st, hz, Ig-NW, th. 
 cu, cn-st, Ig-W, NW. 
 cu, hz, Ig-W 
 clear, Ig-SW 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 4 
 1 
 
 
 ny-ovt 
 hy-cu, hz, Ig, th-NW 
 nv-ovt 
 en, hz, Ig-W 
 clear 
 
 
 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 >y-clcar, D ... 
 clear, D 
 cu-hor, D ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 ovt, hy-R 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 .") 
 (> 
 o 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (1 
 
 EC-CU, CU-St... 
 
 sc-cn, cu-st... 
 cu-hor 
 sc-cu 
 sc-cu 
 on, cu-st, cr-st 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 1 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 fl-cu 
 cu, cu-st 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cu-st 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 cu, cu-st 
 clear... 
 en, cu-st 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz 
 
 5 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 fl-cu, nim ... 
 cu-st, hz 
 clear 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 3 
 
 4 
 8 
 3 
 
 eu, eu-st, nim 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear 
 cu-hor 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 
 ovt, Ji. 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 1 
 6 
 2 
 
 S 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz, iiim. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 cu,cu-st,cr-cu,cr-hz.. 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 5 
 6 
 5 
 8 
 5 
 
 ovt . 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 3 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 3 
 
 ovt Ig-NW 
 
 8 
 
 
 8 
 4 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 It-en, cr-st, hz 
 ovt 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 eu, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 
 2 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, bz 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear 
 
 8 
 2 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 ny-clear 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 6 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 fl-cu, hz 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-8t,cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st,cr-hz.. 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-st 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 cu, nim, hz... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz, hl-~ 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 
 ny-clear, D... 
 clear, D 
 
 
 
 
 sc-cu 
 
 2 
 
 en ... 
 
 1 
 
 en, cr 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear, D 
 
 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF DECEMBER 1857 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 sc-cu, hz ... ... 
 fl-cu, hz 
 
 2 
 
 a 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... ... i 6 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz... 
 
 o 
 6 
 4 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 en, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st 
 cu, cu-st, cr 
 fl-cu, d-hz ... , M 
 
 en, cr-cu. cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st 
 ovf, It-R ... 
 
 5 
 4 
 2 
 4 
 5 
 
 4 
 6 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz, D ... 4 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz, D... f 
 cu, cu-st, cr, D ... 2 
 cu, cr-hz, B ... f 
 
 fl-cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 cu 
 cu, cr-hz ... .. 
 hy-cu, nim... 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, h/, nim ... 
 
 1 
 2 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 fl-cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, d-hz 
 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 
 8 
 
 cu-st, hz 
 
 en, cr.hz, nim, It-R.. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-gt, cr-hz... 
 ny-ovt 
 cr-cu, rr-hz, D 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 8 
 
 I 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 2 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 
 ny-clear, D ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-clear 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 
 ov t . . . 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 
 cu-hor 
 cu-hor 
 cu-hor 
 ny-clear 
 sc-cu 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, It-R 
 cu, hz, nim-S 
 
 ovt... 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 
 8 
 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 C 
 
 ( 
 
 
 4 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 7 
 7 
 2 
 8 
 6 
 
 "7 
 2 
 8 
 5 
 
 clear, D 
 clear 
 clear, D 
 clear 
 clear, D 
 ovt ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 
 cr-cu, hz ... ... 4 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 ovt 
 
 . 
 i 
 
 8 
 
 : 
 8 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 sc-cu, cn-st... 
 ny-clear 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 7 
 
 cu, hz 
 ovt 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 cu, hz, D 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 8 
 5 
 
 fl-cu 3 
 clear ... ... 
 cu ... ... ... 1 
 cu, eu-st ... ... 7 
 cu, cr-cu, hz ... 5 
 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-st, hz... 6 
 fl-cu 1 
 ovt 8 
 cu, cn-st, d-h/. ... 7 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, nim 
 cu . ... 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-cu 
 
 hy-cu, cn-st,cr-st,hz.. 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz 
 ovt ... 
 en, cu-st. d-hz 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-hz, D 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cn, hz' 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu 
 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 clear 
 cu, cu-st 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 ,-, 
 
 
 cr-cn, cu 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 cu, er-cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr, D 
 cu, hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz, cr 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st... 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 8 
 5 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu.. 
 ovt ... 
 cr-hz, cr-st, cu 
 
 EXPLANATION OK SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 5 o 
 
 t>> t- "n 
 
 -i a 
 
 2 C g 
 Hi 
 
 I f 1, I* K I t 1 * 1 & ! 
 
 1 | I 4 1 1 I I | J? I 
 
 S -3 S SQ-c^^W'^dwi 
 
 1 
 
 O 
 
 to 
 
 i' 1 
 
 |!jii|Ji!ll!|hi-il|illll!ll 
 
 J.J&SJJ.SS.S'slliall & S 1 8. -S. ^ i 8-3-833 > $ & 
 
MADRAS, 1857 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 115 
 
 KEMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF NOVEMBER 1857 
 
 o 
 
 03 
 
 
 9 
 
 00 
 
 13 
 
 >i 
 
 T5 
 
 i O 
 
 11 
 
 i 
 
 A 
 
 ^ 
 to 
 
 ! 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Mt 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 r ^' 
 a 
 >, 
 
 1 
 
 _O 
 
 O 
 
 1 
 _e 
 
 18 
 
 >. 
 
 T3 
 | 
 lO 
 
 3O 
 
 s 
 
 h 
 
 ^ 
 
 VI 
 
 >> 
 
 I 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 J3 
 00 
 
 >> 
 
 M 
 
 ^ 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 a 
 ^o 
 
 5 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. Max. Min. 
 
 31 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 a 
 
 4 
 "> 
 6 
 7 
 S 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 SO 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ovt. 
 112-0 
 113-1 
 128-3 
 143-8 
 132-5 
 142-5 
 144-1 
 134-5 
 136-3 
 132-3 
 131-5 
 138-5 
 130-5 
 136-0 
 ovt. 
 120-7 
 126-5 
 124-0 
 103-5 
 125-3 
 134-5 
 117-7 
 124-1 
 126-3 
 130-4 
 137-4 
 133-5 
 137-0 
 138-0 
 - 130-5 
 
 
 
 80-8 
 85-6 
 85-1 
 85"0l 
 85-6 
 83-7^ 
 83-8 
 83-3 
 82-7' 
 82-4 
 81-8 
 81-4 
 81-9 
 82-3 
 81-1 
 80-9 
 82-7 
 81-7 
 80-8 
 79-9 
 79-8 
 79-2 
 80-4 
 81-6 
 81-3 
 81-0 
 82-9 
 82-6 
 82-7 
 82-1 
 80-8 
 
 73-8 
 74-3 
 76-4 
 76-0 
 74-9 
 76-1 
 73-4 
 73-2 
 72-3 
 73-2 
 70-U 
 70-2 
 70-2 
 70-5 
 70-6 
 72-0 
 73-2 
 75-3 
 72-1 
 71-7 
 69-2 
 67-9 
 71-0 
 71-4 
 69-8 
 68-1 
 67-1 
 70-0 
 71-3 
 69-4 
 68-0 
 
 ovt ... ... 
 cu, hz . . . 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 ovt, hy-R 
 cu, cr-at, cr-hz.. 
 uy-elear ... 1 
 
 8 
 3 
 5 
 8 
 6 
 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu 
 cu, cr-cu 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 ovt 
 cu, nim ... 
 cu, cr-h/. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 sc-cu, cu-st, cr.... 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, It-R 
 cu, cu-st, uim 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 cu, cu-st .. 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 2 
 
 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 3 
 4 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 en, cu-st ... 
 cu,cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu ... 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 
 5 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-on ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu ... 
 en, cu-st. cr-st ... 
 sc-cn, cr 
 en, cu-st, cr 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 sc-cu, hz, D ... 
 ny-clear, D 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 4 
 3 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-h, It-nun ... 
 
 ec-cu,hz 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 en, cr ... 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 2 
 5 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 
 5 
 5 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 on, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu-hz 
 cu 
 cu, cu-st .. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr,lt-nim. 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, nim... 
 cu, cn-st .. 
 fl-cu 
 
 8C-OI1 
 
 fl-cn, nim 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 2 
 
 sc-cu, cr ... 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 sc-cu" 
 sc-cu 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 4 
 
 sc-cu, cr ... 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 sc-cu 
 sc-cu 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 ou, cu-st, cr-st ... 
 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 4 
 
 ovt, R ... 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 ou, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 2 
 
 ovt, R, r-b 
 ovt, It-R 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 ovt 
 ovt, It-R 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 ovt, R, th-N W ... 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 
 7 
 8 
 5 
 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 cr, cr-st, d-cr-hz... 
 
 8 
 7 
 3 
 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 7 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 5 
 
 ovt 
 fl-cu,cu-st,cr-hz,nim 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu,cu-st,cr-cu,cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 6 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cu, d-or-hz 
 clear ... 
 clear, D 
 clear, It 
 ny-clear, D 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz, nim... 
 cu, nim 
 cu, cr-st 
 cu-E-hor, D ... 
 clear ... 
 clear ... 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cn-st, uim ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 en, hz 
 clear 
 fl-cn, cr-st 
 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st,cr-hz. 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 ny-clear ... 
 sc-cn 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 5 
 4 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st,cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 cu, cr-hz... ... 
 
 clear, 
 clear, 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 
 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 en, cr-hz ... 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr, cr-st, 
 cu, cr-hz-hor 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 en, cr, cr-st 
 sc-cu, hz ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF DECEMBER 1857 
 
 1 
 .> 
 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 IS 
 19 
 
 *o 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 SO 
 
 31 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, hz ... 
 cu-hor, D 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 ou, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 cu, cr, cr-st 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 
 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, nim... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu, hz ... ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 
 142-5 
 130-5 
 130-5 
 132-5 
 125-7 
 130-5 
 132-5 
 116-5 
 120-5 
 ovt. 
 
 101-1 
 
 143-5 
 141-5 
 145-5 
 137-0 
 142-5 
 140-7 
 136-0 
 100-5 
 124-5 
 122-7 
 127-5 
 134-4 
 135-5 
 129-1 
 126-5 
 127-2 
 129-5 
 130-5 
 127-5 
 120-5 
 
 79-9 
 79-8 
 80-0 
 80-6 
 78-8 
 79-7 
 78-7 
 j 77-7 
 . 78-2 
 i 74-8 
 81-7 
 ; 81-6 
 i 81-5 
 81-6 
 80-4 
 79-9 
 80-7 
 80-3 
 80-2 
 79-9 
 79-9 
 79~4 
 i 79-1 
 79-3 
 79-9 
 79-1 
 78-6 
 79-3 
 80-1 
 79-9 
 79-9 
 
 70-0 
 69-0 
 68-2 
 69-4 
 69-9 
 69-3 
 64-7 
 69-8 
 65-1 
 68-0 
 72-6 
 69-4 
 72-2 
 71-1 
 69-4 
 66-3 
 67-1 
 68'3 
 71-0 
 71-0 
 72-8 
 72-7 
 68-0 
 71-3 
 72-5 
 68-0 
 G6-8 
 70-7 
 67-8 
 72-5 
 70-3 
 
 cu, cr-hz, nim... 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz, D 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 4 
 8 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 ovt, H-R 
 ny-ovt,lt-R,r-b 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 8 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz .. 
 ovt 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 8 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz . 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 
 4 
 5 
 8 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz, cu .. 
 cr-st, cr-hz, cu ... 
 ovt 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ny-ovt 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 8 
 4 
 8 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz . 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ny-clear, D 
 cu, cr-hz, D ... 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 cu, cr-cu, D ... 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, hz, D 
 ovt ... ' ... 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear, g-fg 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz. 
 
 ny-ovt .. 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 sc-cu, hz... 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu, hz 
 
 6 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu 
 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 sc-cu 
 fl-cu, nim 
 sc-cu 
 fl-cu 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 fl-cu, nim 
 
 2 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 6 
 
 cu-hor 
 cu-hor 
 cu-hor 
 cn-hor 
 sc-cu 
 ovt, R 
 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 
 7 
 2 
 
 fl-cn, cr-hz 
 cu . 
 
 6 
 1 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 c, cu-st, cr 
 cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz .. 
 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 cu-hor ... 
 cu, hz 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu,cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 3 
 1 
 3 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 2 
 7 
 2 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st-hor 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 fl-cu, cr ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 7 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 
 01, cu-st, cr 
 cu, cr-cu ... 
 fl-cu, cr .. 
 
 cu, cu-st, D ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 
 2 
 3 
 8 
 
 cu 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 ny-ovt ... 
 
 
 cu. cu-st, cr-cu, D 
 on, hz ... 
 cr-st cr-hz, cr, D 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz. 
 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 cu,cu-st,cr cu,D 
 cu, cu-st, nim... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, nim ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,nim 
 fl-cn, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 2 
 5 
 5 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st. cr 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 H-cu, cn-st, cr-hz. 
 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st,cr-hz, nim 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 . 6 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 ( 
 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cr-hz, nim ... 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,nim 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE. 
 
 s . 
 
 >, - s .3 H. 
 -t | 1 
 1 | 1 | t- 
 
 liiliiiliiif Hid liIiliiiU ill iili Hi rii 
 
 *S; : ; : ; . t ; -^ ^ ^ p a o o p^ p< ^ ii as ^ ^ -.0 -*^ -*^ > P; ' 
 1? S 0^^5w-q3 : i tcS-sl^^^^l^'S & 1 S, i PS "S oi 4 ^ 3 '% > 'S 
 
MADRAS 1858 
 
 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 30 
 
113 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 
 Barometer at 32 =29 English Inches + the number in the Table 
 
 Tijttingen 
 Mean Time J 
 
 Soon 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 i 
 
 5ailyand 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m, h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h m h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. b. m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 1S.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 8 \l 
 
 2 14 
 JH 15 
 P3 16 
 g 17 
 g 18 
 <3 19 
 1-8 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 + 0-016 -0*)54 
 1-032 1-046 1-066 rOS9 T104 1-107 1'099 1'095 J'0/8 1'064 T046 '040 1'045 1'OSS 1'064 1'078 1'098 M04 1'094 1'062 1'031 I'OOo 0'997 0'993 
 0'997 '007 'HIP 'DA 7 'fifiA -O79 -n7O -fl^A -C\A.~I 
 
 In. 
 
 1-104 
 
 -019 0-994 0-997 -Oil -035 -052 "084 -110 -111 -101 -072 -038 0-998 -934 -971 
 974 0.988 -002 -025 -036 -038 -020 -018 -009 0-992 -971 -969 0-978 0-984 -Q08 -037 -060 -060 -049 -023 -004 -965 -950 -946 
 952 -963 0-984 -005 -023 -017 -009 -006 0-998 -977 "953 -950 '957 -972 0-998 -Q30 -053 "064 -064 -033 -002 -966 -951 -949 
 955 -962 -988 -023 -035 -041 -036 -032 1-008 1-003 -994 '993 1'002 roos r024 -Q55 -075 -074 -068 -038 0-999 -968 -951 -945 
 958 -970 -992 -018 -032 -035 -023 -019 -017 -007 '994 -991 0-998 0-994 -Q13 -028 -055 -053 -049 -010 -971 -950 -930 -913 
 919 -930 -951 0-968 0-992 -Q06 -001 0-994 0-979 0-955 -927 -924 -932 -937 0-953 0-980 -000 -Oil -004 0-967 -938 -910 -898 -900 
 
 Pflfi -Q91 -PAd. -Q7^ -PPA 0'998 0-Q92 -Q78 -P^fi 
 
 039 
 004 
 0-995 
 1-012 
 001 
 0-957 
 
 955 
 940 
 947 
 976 
 993 
 1-002 
 
 0-994 
 963 
 949 
 943 
 896 
 919 
 
 963 
 1-033 
 
 020 
 027 
 051 
 078 
 
 084 
 
 _ _ -943 -927 -922 -927 '934 -947 -987 -007 -Oil -005 -987 -945 -914 -896 -896 
 904 -912 -935 -958 -975 -975 -977 -966 -951 -928 -902 "896 '900 '907 -940 "968 0-991 -Q02 0-997 -975 -937 -906 -888 -882 
 881 -897 -916 -951 -966 -969 "968 -961 -954 -936 -915 -912 -919 '940 -955 -980 V005 -Q10 1'004 -980 -947 -935 -914 -918 
 931 -942 -956 -983 1'002 1-010 1-002 -989 -977 -963 "946 -939 '943 '951 -963 '998 -020 -040 -040 1'Oie -993 -955 -937 -92,5 
 940 -947 -972 -993 -022 -021 -014 1-002 -999 -986 '979 -972 '975 -993 1'OiS 1-029 -Q54 -051 -040 -017 -990 -956 "939 -937 
 949 -954 -977 1'004 -023 -029 -015 -004 -998 "989 -977 -972 '978 '984 -009 -042 -070 -072 -062 -034 ro<M .975 -953 .957 
 
 Qfi^ 'P79 >Qfin -flOA -H9P -WiA. 'CY)^ -HOT l-ft1<? 
 
 -981 -946 -948 '960 '974 0-997 -Q31 -055 -055 -047 -021 0-985 -952 -937 "922 
 931 -936 -952 0-973 0-984 0-993 0-985 0-978 0'96l -947 '929 -929 '939 '946 -970 o-98 -Q15 -024 -013 0-992 -975 -946 -910 -895 
 906 -910 -917 -942 -964 -965 -959 -949 -936 -931 '922 -926 "940 -954 -968 -989 -009 "018 -004 -982 -958 -931 -904 -896 
 902 -918 -931 -952 -966 -975 -975 -961 -954 -939 "921 -917 -923 '930 -951 '978 -001 -005 0-987 -964 -940 -906 -874 -868 
 863 -872 -884 -901 -916 -921 -915 -910 -903 -898 "889 '885 "891 -900 -916 -925 0-952 0-959 -944 -906 -876-844 -825 -811 
 822 -839 -853 '872 -895 -910 -909 -902 -894 -889 '881 '885 "900 -922 -943 -977 1'006 1-019 1-010 -989 -963 -937 '918 -916 
 Qlfi -P23 -Q^ 1 ! P'U. -984 -PPP 1'004 -PP9 -Q78 
 
 -990 -998 -994 I'OOO roil 1-022 i-oso -081 -098 -093 1'OTO 1-040 1-007 -986 -978 
 971 -992 i-oos 1-038 1-052 rose -Q60 1-047 1'045 ro33 T017 roil -016 '036 -Q52 -075 -096 -094 -086 -058 -036 0-997 -962 -952 
 955 -973 0.993 -008 -025 -043 -046 -034 -025 '015 "001 0-991 0-991 -Q15 -035 -057 -087 '092 -083 -046 -028 -999 -975 -967 
 982 -987 1-006 -Q26 -052 -058 '046 -028 '026 '010 0-990 -982 '984 -013 -027 -065 -090 -098 -084 -063 -041 1'013 -991 -982 
 986 1-005 -023 -047 -063 -085 "080 '060 '058 '048 l'035 1-028 1-032 -Q48 "063 -079 '096 -116 -105 -089 -053 -023 i"007 -996 
 1-005 -017 -042 -061 -084 -098 -097 -087 -081 "075 -065 -059 "064 -080 '085 -114 -135 -145 -138 -120 -087 "057 -036 V032 
 036 O'il Cl'7 t t -100 -120 -12R -12fi -10Q -OQ7 
 
 -077 '054 -051 -059 -072 -077 '107 -133 '139 -127 104 -071-044 -028 -017 
 
 Means [0-944 -955 '973 0-997 1-015 -022 -017 '008 0-997 -984 "968 -965 -972 -984 1-002 -028 -052 -059 -050 -024 0-994 -964 -944 -937|0'994 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 S 10 
 
 2S 11 
 
 h 12 
 13 
 3 14 
 
 t> IE 
 } 
 
 PQ 16 
 w 17 
 fe IS 
 19 
 2C 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 2 
 26 
 27 
 2 
 
 * * 
 
 0-005 0-062 
 1-015 1-026 1-036 1-058 I'O'O 1'073 1-074 1'066 1'058 T048 T038 T023 V021 1'037 T051 T065 T077 1'090 1'084 T056 1'037 I'Oll 0'999 0'998 
 
 003 -010 -031 -072 -078 '089 -081 -080 -070 -053 '037 '030 -036 '059 -064 078 "104 -103 '092 '084 -055 -018 1'002 -993 
 0-999 -006 -018 -029 -048 -066 -064 '046 -029 -017 '005 0-996 -QOO -022 -037 -070 '079 '082 "078 '044 -014 0-990 0-967 -960 
 971 0-981 0-995 -013 -033 -047 -040 -021 -009 0-986 0-963 -955 0-959 0-954 0-958 0'989 -Q20 '016 '008 0-982 0'956 -931 "905 -900 
 902 -915 -933 0-961 0-989 0-999 -005 -001 0-988 -980 -972 -963 "966 -979 '991 1'Ois -Q35 '043 '022 '997 '963 -939 -917 -911 
 PI 6 -931 -948 -QCCi 1'015 1'036 -037 -0^7 T014 
 
 1-046 
 055 
 028 
 0-983 
 975 
 
 1-009 
 006 
 005 
 005 
 0-982 
 950 
 
 962 
 996 
 1-041 
 056 
 034 
 000 
 
 0-994 
 1-026 
 018 
 0-974 
 928 
 935 
 
 917 
 
 _ _ _ 1-005 -997 -988 -991 1'OOC 1-019 -Q43 -073 -085 -073 i"053 1-028 -995 -973 -969 
 967 -979 -994 voio -029 -037 -032 -026 -003 0-990 -977 -969 '973 '993 -Oil -027 -053 "060 '062 '045 -017 '985 -956 -938 
 936 -940 -951 0-977 -005 -024 -030 -021 '016 V008 rooi -989 '989 I'OO* '013 -045 "069 -079 '069 '052 -018 -981 -953 -946 
 947 -958 -975 I'OOi -030 '048 -052 -044 -008 0-994 0-981 -982 -996 'Oil -020 -033 '056 -067 '056 -029 0-997 -963 '944 -936 
 936 -944 -965 0'987 -Q10 '015 -012 -005 0-993 -981 -969 -963 -969 0-981 0-996 -Q09 "040 -045 -028 "003 -969 -936 -909 '894 
 892 -902 '921 -945 0-971 0-973 0-976 0-964 -954 '939 -924 '920 "928 '952 -965 0-989 -Qll -031 '013 0-982 -950 -917 -889 -890 
 892 -P02 -PIS Q4 e > -Pf^ -980 -PRO -P7<i -P79 
 
 .__ -946 -920 -918 '929 -955 -975 1-004 -Q36 '041 '027 -999 '975 -952 -942 '936 
 940 -948 -967 -991 -999 I'OOS 1-007 -999 -998 -983 -969 -964 -971 '992 I'Ois -Q21 -055 -060 -050 1'028 roos -939 -972 '973 
 977 -997 1-023 1-044 i-oes -067 -061 i'05i 1-042 1-029 1-017 1-010 voie 1-035 -052 -074 -103 -112 '094 -066 -039 1'Oie 1-005 rooi 
 1-003 1-019 -041 -057 -075 '078 -071 -065 -055 -038 '021 -020 -032 '052 -061 -090 -116 '132 -113 '088 -058 '026 -016 -010 
 010 -015 -030 -049 -057 '063 053 -042 -038 -020 -003 0-998 -Q06 -021 '038 -055 -073 -092 -082 '066 -028 '005 0-987 0-980 
 0-978 0-986 0-999 -Q27 '042 '044 '029 -012 -008 0-985 0-962 -964 0-978 -006 -010 -033 -048 '053 -044 -012 0-978 0-951 -932 -920 
 
 P^fi -P4.C: -QRK 0'984 'flDS -017 -IYI Q -fMlQ O'QQfi 
 
 _ _ __ -980 -965 -959 -966 0-987 -006 -036 -057 "063 "058 '032 '999 -976 -956 '950 
 964 -975 -988 1'Ois -Q41 -057 -059 -057 i'084 i-ois 1-002 -994 -998 i-oia -035 -058 -079 '101 -089 -061 1-028 rooi -932 -980 
 981 -992 1-023 -048 -072 '068 -068 -055 -031 -021 "Oil -998 -997 -010 '019 -032 -048 '050 '046 -025 0-999 0-957 -944 -936 
 936 -940 0-951 0-985 -004 -Oil -007 0-999 0-989 0-971 0'958 -946 -952 0-961 0-9/3 -Q08 -030 -040 -027 0-993 -958 -929 -907 '896 
 896 -899 -907 -920 0-938 0-955 0-960 -941 -938 -927 '916 -903 -902 '917 '933 0-962 0-975 0-985 0-980 -950 -926 -894 -872 -866 
 872 -888 -908 '938 -946 -949 -945 -935 '907 '906 '905 -904 -915 -930 -958 -982 I'OOi 1-013 -999 -983 -947 -926 -898 -892 
 
 QQO 'POO 'Q1P 'P^P -P^R -PfiO 'Pfifi -QR1 -QAl 
 
 __ -908 -876 -873 -883 -887 -908 -936 0-956 0-981 -971 -944 -908 '876 -849 '820 
 
 Means 0-9-18 -958 -975 -999 1-019 -027 -026 '017 -004 0-989 -974 -968 '974 -990 1-005 -027 -050 -059 -049 -024 0-994 -965 "945 -937 | 0'997 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means, and the numbers at the head of them are corrections of interpolations. 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 119 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 
 Barometer at 32 =29 English Inches +the number in the Table. 
 
 GottiiiRen -x-r 
 Mean Time lN O(j 
 
 1 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 Dailyancl 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. 
 4.41 
 
 h.m. h.m. 
 5.41 <U1 
 
 h. m. 
 7.41 
 
 h. m. h.m. h. m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m h.m. h.m. 
 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12,41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 
 
 h. m. 
 22.41 
 
 h. m. 
 23.41 
 
 h. m. 
 0.41 
 
 h. m. 
 1.41 
 
 h. in. 
 2.41 
 
 h.m. 
 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 / 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 9 
 lu 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 8 13 
 S 14 
 
 w 15 
 5 16 
 
 tf 17 
 r"i lh 
 s 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. 
 
 0-818 
 774 
 826 
 851 
 867 
 882 
 
 882 
 859 
 859 
 890 
 882 
 873 
 
 898 
 885 
 856 
 876 
 892 
 950 
 
 873 
 847 
 884 
 863 
 839 
 826 
 
 792 
 777 
 746 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-832 0-8liO 
 
 790 -808 
 837 '-856 
 864 -883 
 873 -885 
 887 -903 
 
 891 -902 
 872 -90S 
 865 -883 
 902 -918 
 888 -912 
 883 -908 
 
 909 -922 
 895 -914 
 864 -883 
 886 -901 
 904 -916 
 9.55 -979 
 
 885 -905 
 867 -886 
 891 -917 
 876 -885 
 856 -870 
 842 -867 
 
 814 '831 
 788 791 
 756 781 
 
 In. 
 
 0-877 
 
 837 
 892 
 892 
 904 
 930 
 
 924 
 926 
 916 
 951 
 934 
 939 
 
 942 
 927 
 902 
 930 
 944 
 987 
 
 935 
 909 
 937 
 913 
 902 
 884 
 
 850 
 813 
 802 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 -0*028 -0-061 
 ii-8'.M 0*94 0-896 0'890 0'872 0'850 0'834 0'830 0'839 0'875 0'899 0'902 0'927 0'937 
 
 852 -867 -863 -851 '849 -833 "822 -820 '831 -858 "869 '898 '933 -952 
 913 -924 -916 -907 -906 -884 -867 '871 '888 '894 -904 -931 '951 -960 
 905 '912 -90(5 -896 -894 -881 -874 -876 '891 -915 -927 -956 -979 '987 
 
 920 -927 -925 -918 -914 -893 -878 '874 '883 "896 '920 '944 -967 '980 
 940 -945 -937 -904. .909 
 
 In. 
 0-921 
 
 942 
 962 
 985 
 976 
 
 In. 
 
 0-885 
 
 919 
 939 
 954 
 954 
 
 In. 
 
 0-849 
 
 890 
 918 
 920 
 929 
 
 In. 
 
 0'820 
 
 860 
 891 
 890 
 908 
 
 In. 
 
 0793 
 840 
 870 
 863 
 b76 
 
 In. 
 
 0-774 
 831 
 851 
 
 859 
 875 
 
 In. 
 
 0-865 
 858 
 898 
 907 
 912 
 
 922 
 926 
 914 
 935 
 953 
 942 
 
 943 
 951 
 928 
 927 
 950 
 977 
 
 957 
 924 
 926 
 940 
 905 
 890 
 
 869 
 862 
 823 
 845 
 
 902 -889 -881 '886 -904 -923 -954 -976 -991 
 942 -955 -955 -939 -922 -907 -898 -892 '899 -914 '949 '969 -993 -996 
 948 -955 -943 -935 -914 -895 -882 -871 '872 -894 '916 -951 -975 -982 
 940 -947 -953 '946 -935 -923 '917 -911 -917 944 -958 -983 I'OOi roi2 
 961 -982 -986 '977 -970 -951 -937 -931 '938 -951 "962, '986 '009 '016 
 960 -984 -976 -965 -945 -927 -914 -906 '911 -934 '959 -990 '008 -016 
 951 '961 '960 '949 '937 
 
 983 
 983 
 970 
 1-002 
 
 007 
 004 
 
 954 
 956 
 944 
 978 
 984 
 981 
 
 933 
 930 
 906 
 947 
 954 
 944 
 
 905 
 899 
 888 
 921 
 930 
 915 
 
 898 
 869 
 866 
 893 
 896 
 883 
 
 878 
 859 
 855 
 882 
 884 
 871 
 
 -921 -910 -908 '919 -941 -958 -989 -013 -017 
 967 -974 -969 '963 -952 938 '929 -927 -937 -953 '968 -996 -007 -010 
 951 -959 -969 -965 '956 -938 -925 -913 '913 -923 '941 '954 0-961 0-975 
 931 '945 -951 '949 -941 '921 -907 -900 '905 -920 -943 -970 -990 l'004 
 953 -962 -972 '969 -961 -943 -931 -922 -926 -948 '973 -993 1'OiS -026 
 969 -991 1-002 -994 -980 '966 -957 -952 '959 -968 '995 1'Ois -045 -054 
 .997 vnni -Q01 -984 '979 
 
 008 
 007 
 
 0-962 
 
 986 
 
 1-023 
 
 043 
 
 986 
 987 
 939 
 961 
 996 
 
 1-022 
 
 954 
 958 
 916 
 941 
 969 
 
 1-001 
 
 937 
 930 
 886 
 913 
 937 
 979 
 
 912 
 904 
 863 
 884 
 907 
 953 
 
 897 
 889 
 851 
 871 
 &93 
 947 
 
 -956 -938 -921 -916 -923 '952 0-981 0-998 -Q02 
 949 0-962 0-964 -952 -938 -922 -912 -901 '903 '923 -943 -963 -980 0-973 
 945 -962 -965 '943 -907 -897 -893 -890 '900 -914 -943 -980 1-002 1-002 
 967 -973 -978 -975 -941 -923 -911 -907 '915 -935 -960 -993 '007 -006 
 934 -948 -951 '930 -918 -896 '880 -866 -865 -884 -915 -951 0-954 0-959 
 919 '939 -941 '924 -912 -894 -881 -865 '861 -871 '899 -910 -939 -938 
 897 -907 -909 903 -889 - 
 
 0-980 
 
 963 
 992 
 984 
 950 
 927 
 
 0-961 
 
 942 
 966 
 965 
 926 
 898 
 
 0-938 
 
 914 
 934 
 932 
 
 895 
 879 
 
 909 
 884 
 910 
 920 
 863 
 854 
 
 890 
 856 
 886 
 877 
 846 
 826 
 
 876 
 840 
 877 
 867 
 840 
 820 
 
 -856 '829 -826 -835 '843 '874 -901 '931 '932 
 876 -891 -895 '884 -876 -856 '841 '837 -846 '857 '891 -929 '935 -932 
 836 -851 -852 -844 -825 -811 -802 -804 '819 '841 '855 -881 -893 -886 
 828 -848 -854 -851 -846 '840 -839 -836 -846 -855 -877 "897 '905 '905 
 
 922 
 914 
 865 
 902 
 
 891 
 888 
 836 
 891 
 
 866 
 859 
 807 
 877 
 
 831 
 
 826 
 779 
 856 
 
 802 
 794 
 741 
 837 
 
 794 
 776 
 745 
 812 
 
 Means [ 0-854 
 
 866 -884 
 
 907 
 
 928 -940 -940 '931 -918 -901 -889 -883 '890 '907 "929 -954 -974 -980 
 
 969 
 
 945 
 
 917 
 
 890 
 
 864 
 
 852 1 0-913 
 
 1 0-S12 
 
 2 -836 
 3 785 
 4 
 5 -785 
 6 -810 
 7 743 
 8 757 
 9 766 
 10 -688 
 11 
 eg 12731 
 oo 13, 735 
 14 744 
 1=1 15 779 
 g 16 -826 
 < 17 -810 
 18 
 19 780 
 20 777 
 21 -832 
 22 -830 
 23 760 
 24 -694 
 25 - 
 26 -696 
 27. 746 
 28 -770 
 29 -808 
 30| 797 
 
 0'829 0'842 
 
 846 -867 
 804 -822 
 
 810 '837 
 817 -839 
 760 784 
 778 -814 
 776 -800 
 718 731 
 
 746 753 
 748 771 
 756 783 
 803 -824 
 831 '871 
 828 -850 
 
 792 -811 
 800 -841 
 843 -876 
 845 -866 
 773 -806 
 701 713 
 
 705 728 
 763 -792 
 775 789 
 816 -837 
 799 -808 
 
 0-884 
 
 884 
 846- 
 
 854 
 863 
 806 
 826 
 823 
 764 
 
 789 
 798 
 811 
 857 
 890 
 873 
 
 832 
 861 
 894 
 884 
 831 
 738 
 
 760 
 
 808 
 806 
 862 
 824 
 
 * * 
 
 0-026 0-058 
 0-911 0'930 0-932 0'921 0'899 0'885 0'877 0'871 0'876 0'886 0'901 0'923 0'940 0'952 
 
 908 -932 -927 '913 -900 '879 -863 '857 -862 -863 '881 -900 '914 -928 
 .070 -8S1 -873 -862 -839 
 
 0-945 
 913 
 
 0-932 
 
 881 
 
 0-899 
 
 846 
 
 0-872 
 
 806 
 
 836 
 837 
 772 
 780 
 796 
 75.1 
 
 0-843 
 
 789 
 
 811 
 
 807 
 765 
 760 
 773 
 730 
 
 0-832 
 783 
 
 797 
 803 
 741 
 747 
 764 
 703 
 
 0-891 
 874 
 
 853 
 859 
 843 
 806 
 831 
 822 
 
 788 
 816 
 816 
 
 840 
 872 
 894 
 
 875 
 857 
 877 
 902 
 875 
 809 
 
 772 
 793 
 814 
 836 
 860 
 831 
 
 831 -829 -827 -836 -851 -876 -904 '915 '917 
 873 -889 -883 -875 -858 '847 -841 '833 '836 -853 '885 -906 '922 '925 
 888 -928 -906 '889 -862 '847 -837 '822 -819 -827 -851 '871 '884 '882 
 826 -835 -831 -820 -815 792 774 776 789 798 '817 '838 '875 '867 
 848 -858 -855 -854 -844 '822 -806 '803 '811 -829 '860 "886 "905 '895 
 860 -866 -870 -843 "830 '819 -813 '812 '822 -837 '856 '883 "892 "884 
 793 -799 -815 -803 -790 
 
 909 
 913 
 863 
 861 
 
 877 
 866 
 
 885 
 888 
 837 
 835 
 860 
 832 
 
 865 
 860 
 813 
 807 
 828 
 793 
 
 772 -759 -764 -780 794 '820 '853 "871 '868 
 818 -847 -851 '839 '822 -806 795 '800 '816 -831 -841 -867 '900 "891 
 832 -849 -855 '841 -826 '809 797 '794 -803 -815 -841 -860 '879 '878 
 837 -859 -875 "872 -844 '835 -831 "829 '838 -845 '863 -885 '898 '909 
 873 -877 -882 '880 '866 '858 '856 '854 "863 -878 '897 '920 "937 "940 
 916 '923 -931 '916 '901 '894 -892 '888 '896 -906 '916 '988 '948 '941 
 896 '898 - 901 -Q 05 "900 
 
 850 
 878 
 871 
 902 
 930 
 931 
 
 824 
 849 
 847 
 882 
 913 
 911 
 
 800 
 815 
 824 
 851 
 885 
 880 
 
 768 
 782 
 795 
 817 
 870 
 858 
 
 747 
 762 
 768 
 797 
 853 
 840 
 
 731 
 745 
 745 
 789 
 834 
 819 
 
 795 
 780 
 826 
 834 
 768 
 694 
 
 697 
 740 
 759 
 813 
 799 
 743 
 
 875 -856 -846 -847 -856 '896 "921 '942 '934 
 858 -873 -889 '887 '874 "866 '863 '854 '856 -850 -885 '919 -922 '913 
 892 -905 -909 '893 '874 "859 '849 '852 '867 '889 -913 '942 '947 "947 
 913 -925 927 '931 "905 '887 -w74 '881 '900 -910 '930 -960 '975 '971 
 903 -920 -920 '906 '890 '876 '867 "862 '868 '882 '900 -923 -930 '926 
 845 -861 '866 '862 -835 '812 794 788 794 '813 '827 '851 '858 '854 
 77' ! i 78fi 787 777 7fiO 
 
 925 
 901 
 935 
 !'47 
 912 
 834 
 
 907 
 880 
 907 
 926 
 880 
 820 
 
 876 
 850 
 874 
 885 
 838 
 782 
 
 852 
 822 
 848 
 864 
 825 
 737 
 
 816 
 803 
 834 
 851 
 783 
 715 
 
 764 774 775 787 794 -810 '841 -849 '850 
 785 -801 -818 -810 -800 '793 791 790 -800 '825 '836 -847 "856 '862 
 825 -832 -842 '829 -801 790 785 784 794 -808 "838 '856 -875 "875 
 832 -859 -871 '855 '849 '823 '802 -814 '837 '844 '847 "872 '896 '873 
 876 -882 -895 '880 '863 '853 '848 "850 '864 -869 '879 '895 -916 "912 
 852 -868 -878 '869 -844 '831 '823 '818 -825 -831 -846 -876 '883 '869 
 
 827 
 851 
 865 
 877 
 891 
 855 
 
 803 
 823 
 
 858 
 879 
 868 
 844 
 
 776 
 796 
 829 
 847 
 838 
 814 
 
 741 
 763 
 801 
 821 
 
 828 
 7*2 
 
 705 
 753 
 773 
 818 
 810 
 758 
 
 Means 0-773 
 
 787 -810 
 
 833 
 
 858 '872 -877 '867 -&50 "836 -827 -825 '834 -846 -866 "890 -905 '902 
 
 890 
 
 868 
 
 837 
 
 809 
 
 787 
 
 772 
 
 0-843 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means, and the numbers at the head of them are corrections of interpolations. 
 
120 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 
 Barometer at 32 = 29 English Inches+the number in the Table. 
 
 
 (jpttingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon I 2 3 4 5 6 7.8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily am 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. jn. h. in. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. in. -h. in. h. m. 
 1.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 11.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.11 22.41 23.11 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 1 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. ]n. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 -0-029 -0*063 
 0741 074.9 1177;; 07$!) 0'814 n-823 0'820 0'808 0795 
 
 111. 
 
 2 
 
 ^ o 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 g 
 
 0774 0759 0748 0747 0753 0764 078C O'Sll 0'812 0'809 0781 0765 0752 0725 0713 
 705 -733 -759 -771 '787 -789 -792 -777 '763 '745 '733 -730 '737 -743 "768 -775 -791 '774 -806 '781 '759 -717 -699 -683 
 667 -687 -689 700 -719 -730 -730 -722 '674 '654 '639 -626 -623 '630 -630 -574 '538 '568 '527 "447 -472 -494 '538 -542 
 549 -609 -672 -690 -727 -759 -762 '737 '731 '726 '727 -718 '719 '746 -774 -801 -811 '818 '800 "787 '747 -724 -689 -682 
 680 -699 -721 -742 -758 -761 -756 -748 '741 -719 "703 -696 '698 '714 737 '761 -771 '769 '763 '731 '692 '667 -637 -622 
 618 -637 -661 '687 -707 .-723 -754 -741 -728 702 '681 '671 '671 '685 718 744 758 748 742 714 -680 '653 -616 -599 
 612 -628 -653 -880 708 7'27 731 798 -719 
 
 0776 
 755 
 618 
 729 
 720 
 693 
 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 
 OO i , 
 10 11 
 
 2 15 
 
 724 742 727 721 716 738 787 -836 -845 '827 '807 768 735 725 713 
 703 713 729 746 764 772 777 759 745 737 734 727 729 745 769 789 797 792 778 757 722 -686 -651 -632 
 626 -655 700 718 733 739 738 732 710 '689 '673 -674 '685 -687 707 727 733 743 737 718 '691 -666 -645 -614 
 601 -617 -634 -655 -691 726 732 704 702 '677 "657 -653 "659 -668 '687 '692 707 705 -689 '671 '644 "623 '621 -597 
 591 -620 -634 -664 -678 -693 702 701 '680 '658 '641 -645 '658 '646 '666 '689 704 718 704 -693 '668 '640 -619 -606 
 598 -638 -654 -671 701 723 737 -729 '719 '695 '676 -671 '676 -683 '695 715 722 725 703 '693 '673 '657 -630 -618 
 610 -631 -652 -676 -fiSfi 717 72*1 79Q -71*1 
 
 733 
 
 740 
 698 
 667 
 663 
 683 
 
 H 16 
 3 17 
 18 
 19 
 iiO 
 21 
 22 
 
 _ _ _ -7Q7 705 701 706 724 746 762 771 778 762 736 700 '664 -622 -612 
 613 -638 -655 705 716 727 750 747 740 706 -678 -673 -678 '698 703 719 712 703 '683 '661 -627 "597 -569 -555 
 564 -566 -648 -654 '638 -622 -611 -594 -567 '561 -561 '564 -576 '610 -640 '667 -676 -665 '656 -641 -599 -572 -555 -541 
 542 -563 -574 -586 -599 -618 -619 -591 -581 -576 -576 -584 -601 '620 -659 '679 -693 -703 -698 -681 "657 '628 -614 -609 
 607 -609 -618 -648 '675 -691 -687 -688 "682 -661 -646 -649 -661 "687 720 741 -747 -739 -718 -698 -670 -640 -616 -614 
 623 -632 -646 -671 "684 701 708 -687 -674 '667 -666 -677 -698 -729 738 -752 -774 -782 '773 '752 723 '697 -680 -669 
 665 -679 -696 720 738 752 773 7*17 7'vl 
 
 702 
 677 
 606 
 619 
 671 
 700 
 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 _ _ -735 -722 725 738 752 775 792 -805 797 782 766 739 719 -697 -693 
 695 711 738 752 768 787 798 790 777 759 746 742 748 775 '809 '822 -826 -828 -813 795 764 721 -695 -690 
 703 710 725 741 774 -802 -800 788 772 760 754 765 785 -804 -831 "838 '845 '844 -831 '800 768 742 715 702 
 688 703 716 750 768 782 -801 795 787 770 759 761 772 777 791 '806 -817 -822 -805 778 752 716 -692 -664 
 673 -681 714 719 737 752 777 769 748 735 728 724 730 740 766 779 786 789 774 758 726 704 -671 '653 
 661 -668 -691 720 739 749 756 752 744 729 719 717 725 736 754 783 787 778 766 750 736 723 702 '697 
 699 715 735 769 784 -800 -808 7Q3 -783 
 
 740 
 765 
 lib 
 761 
 735 
 733 
 
 30 
 31 
 
 789 -800 799 -807 -820 '841 -853 '868 '875 '854 '844 -817 790 767 743 
 744 749 756 776 784 797 "812 -806 791 786 786 782 788 -801 '817 '836 '846 -844 -826 797 771 752 724 708 
 
 798 
 787 
 
 Means 
 
 0-645 -663 -686 708 "726 -741 748 737 724 709 -700 -698 705 -719 740 -757 '767 768 755 732 705 -680 '658 -645 
 
 0.7)3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 0'029 0-048 
 0708 0-716 0-735 0-748 0-770 0-785 0791 0'781 0'767 0-747 0733 0731 0738 0763 0784 0790 0'805 0'805 0787 0765 0737 0719 0'692 0'682 
 673 -681 '693 '716 736 753 749 -745 728 717 712 706 709 -739 -745 744 742 728 719 705 '686 -658 -645 -632 
 668 -666 704 719 725 753 755 748 739 730 727 721 724 730 759 783 789 783 768 739 716 -692 -664 -640 
 636 -653 '689 701 715 741 758 750 748 740 738 741 754 759 785 "800 '812 -800 782 763 736 711 '686 '673 
 '667 '680 '695 "718 735 759 769 '751 7 . 
 
 0-753 
 711 
 
 727 
 736 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 x 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 19 
 
 -700 -684 -678 '682 '688 713 727 740 738 721 702 -675 -646 -616 -608 
 618 -638 '650 '679 '708 -725 -725 714 705 '694 '689 '680 -681 '688 706 723 736 737 727 711 '690 -663 -637 -618 
 635 -654 '677 702 719 731 733 726 712 -697 '687 '692 706 '710 '728 740 '755 751 736 711 '688 -661 -648 '639 
 659 -673 -680 "703 '724 740 745 -739 -720 '699 '684 -684 '693 -712 737 744 759 753 745 733 715 -694 -660 -644 
 653 -666 '679 700 727 741 759 755 731 724 722 706 '699 711 728 730 731 729 717 706 '685 -666 -651 -632 
 624 -648 '666 '698 725 733 739 734 714 -691 '674 -669 '673 700 727 742 747 746 721 704 "679 -667 -630 -614 
 fi21 -fi2Q -fi4fi -fifiQ '706 -714. -71fi -71 ^ -fiQl 
 
 701 
 689 
 702 
 710 
 706 
 694 
 
 JUNE 1858 
 
 D 00 ~J C5 Ot *- CO t 
 
 683 -681 -677 '682 '689 729 '732 738 745 724 708 '688 '674 -653 -642 
 638 -659 '686 716 732 751 756 752 742 731 725 721 726 749 766 765 772 '773 762 -748 717 '691 -651 -640 
 650 -667 '683 720 750 "762 "768 776 743 726 715 720 "734 760 785 '793 '814 '809 '804 791 764 748 723 704 
 712 719 736 753 770 786 791 788*768 -753 744 734 -733 737 '753 '777 789 789 777 -764 745 714 -688 -665 
 659 -679 712 733 781 -806 '811 -789 767 749 736 -725 -723 730 750 764 '778 782 770 752 724 702 -673 '651 
 642 -673 '692 707 753 760 754 746 730 714 703 '697 701 705 721 740 746 758 747 721 704 '673 -646 -634 
 
 fi18 'fi^fi -fifiO 'fi74. '70fi -711 -71(5 -7O7 -KKR 
 
 690 
 724 
 746 
 749 
 739 
 711 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 
 -689 -695 700 715 728 736 755 770 765 "751 728 700 '675 -652 -632 
 628 -650 -672 -690 707 -720 "722 717 702 '684 -671 '672 -683 '693 710 731 746 744 727 703 '674 '653 -62 L '596 
 580 -59o -614 -627 '637 -670 -671 '665 '653 '644 -640 '640 '650 '668 '691 707 706 '696 -678 '663 '635 '614 -588 '576 
 572 -585 -607 -631 '657 -671 '677 '674 -661 -654 -653 '659 "675 '688 722 -741 754 '752 731 711 '694 -663 '639 -628 
 639 -659 -670 -688 715 731 '752 -749 736 724 717 722 736 745 762 -771 784 -783 775 751 -730 704 "685 "664 
 663 -674 -690 -715 '729 -761 -783 -777 -765 758 757 765 782 '804 '820 -836 '839 '834 '819 '803 778 753 -731 '720 
 
 712 -799 '74.O -7^ -77ft -7QQ -81Q -819 .7QQ 
 
 700 
 688 
 646 
 671 
 725 
 765 
 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 - 788 783 776 779 788 794 '811 '818 -818 '803 791 '767 760 721 707 
 707 715 -733 -748 765 781 785 781 776 766 -762 '755 '757 771 787 -802 -814 -815 '806 -792 767 737 '706 -709 
 709 723 740 -772 777 792 -803 -792 777 -770 -769 -763 766 775 '808 -806 '816 -818 '801 786 765 747 722 708 
 707 718 729 761 796 -814 -804 -796 788 773 -764 756 757 769 794 '804 '818 -808 789 770 754 744 -725 715 
 
 776 
 764 
 771 
 769 
 
 Means 
 
 0654 -668 -688 709 732 750 756 749 734 -721 714 711 718 731 752 764 -774 771 -757 739 -716 -693 -667 -653 1 
 
 0-722 
 
 * The number in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means, and the numbers at the head of them are corrections of interpolations. 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 121 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 
 Barometer at 3'2=29 English Inches + the Number in tlio Table 
 
 jrottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Joon 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 678 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 )ailyand 
 Monthly 
 
 Mt'!Ul> 
 
 Mad ma 
 Mean Time 
 
 a.m. h m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h.m. h. m. li. m. h. m. h.m. h. in. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m, h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.11 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 18.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 2S.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 i 
 
 2i 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 oo 13 
 * 15 
 
 *H 16 
 
 17 
 S 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 In. 
 
 0-709 
 667 
 665 
 
 640 
 613 
 603 
 562 
 595 
 623 
 
 618 
 621 
 635 
 675 
 691 
 722 
 
 673 
 669 
 682 
 738 
 743 
 676 
 
 662 
 703 
 696 
 711 
 721 
 
 In. 
 
 0-722 
 683 
 678 
 
 654 
 612 
 604 
 575 
 615 
 640 
 
 624 
 624 
 654 
 693 
 704 
 727 
 
 681 
 
 685 
 698 
 757 
 760 
 685 
 
 677 
 725 
 705 
 720 
 730 
 
 In. 
 
 0748 
 
 707 
 695 
 
 670 
 631 
 622 
 602 
 639 
 664 
 
 636 
 640 
 712 
 716 
 717 
 736 
 
 692 
 694 
 721 
 
 775 
 772 
 695 
 
 703 
 734 
 722 
 
 727 
 738 
 
 In. 
 
 732 
 
 724 
 
 686 
 675 
 645 
 623 
 695 
 705 
 
 '651 
 665 
 712 
 732 
 742 
 772 
 
 708 
 710 
 750 
 783 
 827 
 714 
 
 721 
 
 751 
 734 
 737 
 
 758 
 
 In. 
 
 0-773 
 796 
 73,1 
 
 709 
 716 
 652 
 641 
 702 
 721 
 
 674 
 680 
 738 
 751 
 
 758 
 787 
 
 727 
 725 
 774 
 795 
 837 
 738 
 
 746 
 766 
 767 
 761 
 771 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 -0-020 -0'035 
 )783 0-793 0'781 0-768 0-768 07C2 0763 0771 0-754 0707 0773 0797 0791 0773 701 0727 0710 0-687 0069 
 756 749 796 758 738 722 721 727 743 767 '801 -809 797 771 759 740 718 -684 '674 
 752 769 762 754 
 734 718 718 724 749 762 775 788 791 782 752 729 -698 -665 '643 
 734 743 729 -697 '684 '675 '676 '683 -688 -689 -697 "702 709 703 -685 -671 -656 -629 '617 
 712 709 701 -673 '655 '640 -636 '638 656 -671 675 "677 "678 '668 -657 "648 -640 '622 '603 
 686 -674 -665 '650 "638 '629 '620 "618 -630 -671 -676 '687 '681 '663 -657 '641 -621 -590 '571 
 672 -676 -670 -657 '649 '644 -643 '649 -666 -689 708 715 711 712 -697 "677 -669 '634 '609 
 727 730 -724 708 "697 '690 "685 '686 -697 -728 744 754 766 744 724 '697 -671 -654 '630 
 737 743 737 76 r 
 
 In, 
 
 0754 
 
 742 
 
 732 
 684 
 659 
 641 
 656 
 696 
 
 690 
 680 
 698 
 733 
 764 
 775 
 
 762 
 729 
 743 
 784 
 817 
 794 
 
 734 
 755 
 784 
 782 
 766 
 781 
 
 _ _ _ _ ^99 -675 -676 '683 -691 -699 707 707 714 711 
 684 -693 -686 -666 '674 '686 -686 692 -703 709 719 733 730 721 
 719 728 723 703 '699 '698 -694 '697 -713 724 734 746 749 743 
 767 773 762 743 739 738 740 749 753 758 767 766 773 770 
 771 783 774 763 '755 '751 754 763 775 -805 '819 -841 -833 -822 
 781 791 784 769 763 761 767 780 784 -804 '819 '839 -843 '837 
 802 786 781 763 
 763 -767 769 778 -782 797 799 798 -804 785 
 758 765 761 740 728 719 711 709 725 752 778 783 776 766 
 751 759 756 739 735 734 733 738 762 785 '804 '811 -807 793 
 788 -810 -822 785 771 760 764 774 797 -829 '845 '854 -842 -832 
 830 -839 -834 -830 "819 '812 '809 '812 -823 -846 -865 '884 -876 '869 
 841 -845 -839 -829 '809 792 790 794 798 -800 '818 -831 -833 -818 
 753 75 750 734 
 
 707 
 709 
 732 
 756 
 803 
 820 
 
 763 
 752 
 773 
 
 826 
 852 
 789 
 
 683 -668 
 686 -671 
 708 -689 
 726 702 
 782 756 
 800 776 
 
 735 712 
 729 703 
 753 722 
 806 790 
 837 799 
 768 733 
 
 634 
 646 
 667 
 675 
 727 
 752 
 
 682 
 686 
 703 
 755 
 768 
 709 
 
 622 
 623 
 653 
 678 
 702 
 730 
 
 667 
 667 
 680 
 738 
 750 
 692 
 
 732 733 734 742 755 768 785 790 788 776 
 776 766 765 758 757 760 757 761 780 793 '809 '814 '818 -809 
 800 -824 -814 '802 797 796 785 780 791 -812 '826 '841 -841 '825 
 802 -817 -810 -802 798 798 793 794 -801 '811 '818 '829 833 -829 
 781 788 781 762 751 743 743 749 -763 768 783 -812 -824 -822 
 777 781 778 768 764 764-755 752 -772 -778 -814 -825 -845 -858 
 
 749 
 793 
 809 
 812 
 806 
 848 
 
 728 700 
 756 735 
 784 764 
 787 -761 
 796 776 
 820 792 
 
 677 
 708 
 736 
 729 
 747 
 781 
 
 665 
 692 
 712 
 719 
 740 
 760 
 
 Means 0-660 
 
 678 
 
 696 
 
 720 
 
 740 
 
 759 765 -761 744 735 729 728 732 744 761 775 786 787 777 
 
 761 
 
 739 717 
 
 690 
 
 673 , 0736 
 
 July 31 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 oo 12 
 
 "3 TO 
 
 oo 13 
 ^ 14 
 
 cc I*" 
 t> 16 
 17 
 5 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0708 
 
 685 
 671 
 677 
 675 
 653 
 675 
 
 644 
 583 
 614 
 665 
 675 
 .761 
 
 716 
 735 
 751 
 744 
 733 
 683 
 
 701 
 790 
 756 
 673 
 645 
 '667 
 
 631 
 606 
 
 077-"> 
 
 703 
 693 
 683 
 684 
 661 
 711 
 
 646 
 608 
 634 
 675 
 698 
 770 
 
 737 
 
 767 
 758 
 761 
 746 
 707 
 
 717 
 
 80: i 
 758 
 681 
 
 c.:, l. 
 685 
 
 638 
 632 
 
 0779 
 
 721 
 
 706 
 692 
 699 
 683 
 732 
 
 639 
 624 
 661 
 
 681 
 720 
 783 
 
 770 
 
 774 
 773 
 780 
 757 
 728 
 
 737 
 
 836 
 775 
 697 
 672 
 710 
 
 679 
 665 
 
 0-789 
 
 739 
 733 
 717 
 712 
 701 
 771 
 
 672 
 6.59 
 694 
 707 
 756 
 800 
 
 784 
 791 
 790 
 799 
 784 
 750 
 
 755 
 .854 
 802 
 709 
 689 
 727 
 
 705 
 699 
 
 0-809 
 
 758 
 756 
 738 
 740 
 716 
 803 
 
 686 
 695 
 722 
 717 
 773 
 818 
 
 807 
 806 
 811 
 814 
 805 
 769 
 
 791 
 
 876 
 832 
 733 
 710 
 753 
 
 726 
 739 
 
 -0'016 0*030 
 O'Qll) 0'89 0"816 0'808 
 
 
 
 
 
 0797 
 754 
 755 
 734 
 725 
 716 
 
 715 
 677 
 692 
 733 
 726 
 782 
 
 810 
 801 
 802 
 805 
 806 
 773 
 
 770 
 '814 
 861 
 
 788 
 738 
 
 724 
 
 737 
 701 
 741 
 
 0-Slo ''-826 0-811 0-802 0787 : 802 0'825 0'841 0*37 0'823 
 
 782 792 784 776 767 761 762 768 776 782 785 794 790 779 
 774 792 786 774 758 746 748 755 770 783 "807 '821 '813 '804 
 758 760 752 732 724 720 725 736 741 761 774 783 790 782 
 771 776 767 756 728 703 '697 "697 718 731 751 756 765 758 
 750 759 751 734 710 -690 -692 700 710 733 740 751 765 765 
 79 784 770 748 
 
 0-807 
 762 
 785 
 769 
 744 
 752 
 
 0-785 0-751 
 
 747 722 
 754 726 
 737 70S 
 7*3 -697 
 727 707 
 
 0719 
 694 
 693 
 682 
 680 
 676 
 
 0-703 
 678 
 683 
 666 
 666 
 664 
 
 709 -673 -671 '674 -688 702 716 729 722 714 
 692 -685 -678 -668 -663 '662 '673 -689 701 706 716 733 727 718 
 718 718 708 716 -699 '686 -690 700 709 729 751 755 752 751 
 738 -752 744 732 729 729 732 741 754 763 786 '810 -813 '802 
 738 732 722 718 715 716 712 714 732 743 764 783 789 788 
 787 792 788 782 771 763 755 753 774 -813 -843 '859 -861 -841 
 819 '855 '818 '836 
 
 707 
 702 
 729 
 776 
 772 
 831 
 
 689 '673 
 676 '651 
 706 -671 
 756 721 
 760 722 
 806 785 
 
 657 
 624 
 635 
 696 
 692 
 771 
 
 639 
 600 
 618 
 681 
 679 
 763 
 
 823 -814 -809 -809 -821 -828 '849 '865 -860 -839 
 831 "839 -822 -810 794 782 776 775 791 '817 -840 '854 -866 -861 
 811 '812 -803 790 786 785 793 -806 -818 -826 '843 '857 -860 -848 
 8.9 -836 -826 -813 -808 '807 -802 -803 -821 -828 -843 '850 853 -841 
 829 -834 -822 -800 794 792 792 797 -814 -840 -858 '865 -860 -847 
 818 -823 -816 790 -770 754 756 764 775 791 -812 -822 '820 797 
 7SO 785 779 769 
 
 812 
 843 
 832 
 818 
 828 
 776 
 
 781 760 
 817 784 
 805 787 
 791 771 
 7!>5 771 
 746 719 
 
 723 
 751 
 
 760 
 750 
 754 
 694 
 
 722 
 
 805 
 780 
 698 
 678 
 682 
 
 718 
 747 
 758 
 743 
 747 
 688 
 
 710 
 787 
 766 
 681 
 652 
 671 
 
 758 750 757 770 786 -813 '832 '845 -842 -826 
 816 -818 -810 -802 795 791 -813 -840 -844 -851 "874 '888 '886 -879 
 898 -905 -897 -890 '877 '867 -864 -867 -870 -878 -892 '909 -912 -902 
 839 -846 -838 825 '805 788 777 772 783 797 -809 -818 -824 -813 
 754 760 764 748 743 741 737 738 749 767 787 7'Jl -802 792 
 744 740 735 732 727 726 722 724 734 752 771 778 794 780 
 773 760 767 753 
 
 802 
 865 
 874 
 790 
 776 
 764 
 
 770 737 
 845 -821 
 844 -812 
 755 726 
 739 711 
 731 702 
 
 753 756 751 751 757 769 791 .789 780 769 
 732 730 725 717 702 -690 -686 -687 712 726 750 754 755 752 
 750 746 754 744 735 729 724 724 760 777 '811 '828 '831 -816 
 
 743 
 724 
 796 
 
 712 -681 
 696 -666 
 769 741 
 
 651 
 634 
 712 
 
 642 
 611 
 705 
 
 Means 0-088 
 
 703 
 
 721 
 
 744 767 
 
 784 787 780 7(i9 758 750 749 754 766 782 -801 -812 '814 -803 
 
 784 
 
 758 730 
 
 704 
 
 691 0758 
 
 * The numbers in these columns ure not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means, and the numbers at the hend of them are corrections of interpolations. 
 
 31 
 
122 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 1 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 
 Barometer at 32 s =:!fl English Inches+the Number in the Table 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily am 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 li. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. h. m. h. in. h. m. 1). in. h. ni. h. m. h. m. h. m. li.m. h. in h. MI. b. m. h. in. li. m. h. m. 
 4.41 5.41 0.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 10.11 17.41 18.41 19.11 20.41 21.41 22.11 21.11 0.41 1. 11 2. H :j. 11 
 
 ] 
 
 s 
 
 f 
 
 A 
 
 t 
 
 t 
 
 f 
 
 8 
 
 - ;s 
 
 3 1] 
 00 , 
 
 i-H 12 
 
 A 13 
 W 14 
 S3 i - 
 
 ._, 10 
 
 | 16 
 17 
 
 H 18 
 S 19 
 
 20 
 21 
 2-2 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 -0-027 0*057 
 0'<598 (V720 0-753 0-771 0-798 0'809 0'827 O'SiiO O'Sflfl 0796 0792 0790 800 (V802 O'SH! 0'841 0'84fi 0'834 0'K20 O'7'.ti; II 7(il! 0'738 0'715 0710 
 
 ! -719 -741 766 784 -813 -820 -831 -812 793 -787 786 '785 -796 -806 "812 -828 -821 -809 -797 784 -749 -722 -696 -692 
 . 716 -730 -737 785 -810 -824 -819 "804 -779 769 "764 750 -748 742 765 791 -805 -811 '803 778 751 -721 -693 -678 
 
 - -(17O tiGl? -7O7 -7^Q 7*2(1 '70^ -7QQ -781 -7ftQ 
 
 In. 
 
 0-786 
 781 
 766 
 
 762 
 
 787 
 786 
 727 
 705 
 741 
 
 745 
 759 
 
 766 
 775 
 811 
 836 
 
 786 
 778 
 786 
 816 
 853 
 845 
 
 835 
 
 857 
 882 
 882 
 831 
 
 - -783 -803 770 -749 -733 "762 789 819 '816 -80.5 -789 -763 -728 -694 -705 
 705 713 -741 -767 793 '811 -809 "809 -803 777 757 764 -782 -807 '849 -855 -851 -842 -82(5 '814 -786 "762 -735 723 
 725 -741 -768 -800 '820 -837 '834 -819 -807 '799 797 779 -773 776 '782 789 -808 '834 -828 '811 -778 -742 -712 709 
 707 -722 743 751 753 -763 751 743 727 7JO '699 '684 -680 '699 737 -772 -783 786 780 752 -717 -686 -658 '644 
 640 -648 -666 '695 719 733 731 708 -700 '686 '677 "676 -687 -710 -736 -746 -768 768 759 '740 -713 -694 -671 -651 
 641 -680 -709 -730 -753 771 769 752 749 738 732 729 738 747 770 "809 -810 '808 -799 '776 -734 -705 -671 -663 
 
 fi^Q -^Q -7f lO *7Oft -7^/1 -77 '3 -77J, -77'-? -7^7 
 
 _________ 749 -736 729 '733 -744 '753 773 795 -794 -787 -783 -758 -734 712 -695 
 697 703 727 760 766 787 791 785 777 760 748 745 754 769 786 -805 -815 -812 793 772 -750 -721 '699 -683 
 681 -692 720 739 779 788 795 789 769 758 753 742 743 -769 795 '826 '830 '839 '823 -807 -771 -748 716 706 
 698 722 753 764 786 '804 '808 782 767 753 745 752 771 786 -804 -827 "847 "840 -833 -810 777 745 715 704 
 701 742 763 786 '818 '845 "835 '820 '81U '806 '808 '807 '817 '822 '835 '870 '881 '875 -864 -849 -820 -777 762 749 
 768 781 -806 '835 '869 '875 '894 '891 '874 "852 '836 '824 "823 -824 '852 '866 -884 "888 "870 -848 -823 -797 745 741 
 
 7*3^ -7^7 -7QH -Q1 9 -Q-?^ -Q.At\ -Q*3Q -G^l -QOI 
 
 -------- 778 -740 '737 '745 -767 '794 '819 -846 "839 '833 -810 '764 734 -709 -696 
 708 716 733 770 -800 -826 822 '811 799 783 773 765 769 782 '801 '823 '844 -839 -824 -791 '761 -730 707 -700 
 70S -732 -755 780 '804 -8J9 '820 '810 791 780 774 768 774 790 -812 '836 -850 "849 '837. '816 781 749 723 706 
 722 748 777 -801 -822 '838 "843 '841 -831 "820 -814 '805 '807 "828 -845 '868 '880 -877 -862 '834 -809 -778 -763 -762 
 769 785 -826 '841 '871 "892 '896 -890 -868 "856 -849 '846 "854 -866 '873 '895 '921 -916 "894 '864 \S36 -805 -784 778 
 782 -799 -826 -857 "887 -904 -909 '907 -888 '862 -842 "838 "845 -853 -868 "882 '885 "873 -868 "834 -805 771 751 747 
 
 7J.T -7f!9 '78ft -SO 1 ; -8/LH -8-1A -R1Q -847 -8'-iQ 
 
 ------- -833 -833 '832 '843 -848 '868 "893 '907 -903 -887 '859 -830 -805 782 '770 
 774 782 -800 '818 '844 -863 "868 '865 -858 '852 "852 "860 '879 '892 905 -927 "936 -927 -913 '881 -856 -826 -802 799 
 808 -818 -831 -858 -884 -898 '902 -897 -891 '882 -878 -872 '878 '896 -922 -944 -950 -944 -935 '910 "876 -845 -828 '822 
 829 -836 -861 '885 -920 '933 -942 936 -925 '908 '896 '888 '892 "897 '906 '926 -937 -925 -902 "863 -828 -800 774 7rt4 
 772 783 -811 "843 '865 -869 -874 -864 -858 "848 -843 '834 '836 -848 "859 -870 "886 "878 -864 -832 799 760 -732 -724 
 
 Means 1 0733 '739 '764 '790 '814, -830 -832 '823 -810 -797 -789 "784 -789 "800 -819 -841 -854 -851 -830 -817 -785 -755 '729 720 1 0796 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 e 
 O 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 oo J2 
 
 >o 1? 
 
 2 H 
 03 15 
 
 1 B 
 
 H 18 
 
 8 S 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0*037 0-047 
 0-733 0752 0776 0-803 0'835 0'846 0'859 0'841 0'831 0'819 0'815 0'814 0'822 0'845 0-855 0'87-t 0-885 0'883 0'870 O',s|:| 0-S15 0788 0768 0760 
 771 -78J. -8OQ -8T r > -8SQ -Qfll -800 'QTI -8^7 
 
 0'822 
 
 858 
 850 
 821 
 746 
 662 
 792 
 
 757 
 723 
 
 805 
 846 
 838 
 812 
 
 834 
 873 
 865 
 866 
 875 
 837 
 
 820 
 842 
 918 
 930 
 935 
 977 
 
 987 
 
 ----- -855 -860 '854 -857 "876 -897 '909 "918 -920 "895 -871 '832 -817 -800 -791 
 789 -811 -839 '883 -894 "894 -892 "886 "872 "850 -836 '829 -832 -850 -880 "898 "912 -905 "873 -844 "814 -792 764 -760 
 765 -777 -803 "827 "839 '854 -847 "839 '821 "802 '791 799 -817 "825 -840 -843 "870 "876 -876 "847 '818 787 '766 709 
 759 749 -769 '793 -822 "829 '820 792 766 749 '739 722 715 724 747 "752 774 -789 "760 719 -687 -644 -650 -635 
 602 -593 -610 '640 '667 -664 -653 '640 -640 '621 '609 '607 -615 -047 -678 -695 724 -742 '745 729 7JO '692 -683 -676 
 695 716 748 779 796 '819 '813 '803 795 779 770 773 -785 792 -810 "845 "860 -871 -857 "839 "802 769 -748 746 
 
 7^8 '77'-? -7Q7 '897 -8Q". -8J.1 -K^-> -818 -cn7 
 
 ----- 762 -725 725 735 738 "750 "773 '795 771 742 -716 -686 -669 -652 -649 
 655 -665 -679 '697 712 724 731 719 714 '699 -692 '692 701 732 751 770 792 -800 792 703 735 -721 -709 701 
 706 -732 749 "784 -805 -832 -827 '809 793 777 "769 771 -783 '813 "840 '874 '887 '888 "873 -839 -816 -800 -782 775 
 782 794 -821 -842 "862 -868 "889 '865 -859 '841 -830 "825 -830 "839 '868 -883 "897 "914 -898 "857 '833 -816 -801 795 | 
 797 -823 -846 '860 '888 "893 "886 '871 -853 -825 "804 "804 -814 -830 -860 "874 "878 "879 -862 '845 -817 795 760 741 
 736 774 799 '830 '844 -855 -848 '835 -813 798 '790 788 -795 -823 -834 '857 "875 -874 -846 '830 -792 764 742 737 
 74"> '761 -78fi -818 -8^ r > -837 -841 -89Q -8T-! 
 
 --'---- -818 -830 '823 -826 -833 '873 '881 -906 -922 -900 -879 -856 -815 -788 -789 
 800 -840 -856 -83 '897 '900 '907 '899 '885 -868 '858 '853 -857 -869 '886 '902 -929 -938 "922 '896 -860 '833 '813 -805 
 817 -836 -870 '880 -902 -908 -897 '887 "867 -847 '834 '833 -841 -849 -870 '905 -929 -928 -909 "877 -848 '820 -802 -798 
 810 -839 -862 -882 -893 -903 "900 '886 '864 -853 -849 '843 -847 -870 '878 '891 -901 -904 -893 -877 -867 "845 '823 -816 
 823 -833 -850 -867 '892 -896 -893 '883 -868 '852 -843 '844 -854 -903 '918 '936 -941 -944 '931 -902 -860 -840 -813 -811 
 814 -828 -839 -864 '871 -878 '876 '856 '831 '816 -809 '801 -802 -846 "852 "863 "884 -885 '864 "840 -818 "801 -778 774 
 
 782 -801 -89O -8 r ifi -87 s ; -881 -87(1 -8J.fi -8')Q 
 
 ----- -802 -782 782 792 -808 "826 -832 -859 -874 -851 "832 -798 -777 -753 -749 
 755 780 -798 "836 -851 -860 '855 "845 "832 '825 -825 '814 -813 -848 "860 "897 -914 -916 -913 -71 -848 -832 -814 -811 
 827 -859 -886 -912 -934 -934 -940 '927 '906 '897 '896 "896 -905 -938 '969 '983 -993 -990 -973 '944 -918 "886 -866 -800 
 885 -898 -918 -948 -953 '954 "942 '934 -920' -90S '903 "907 -921 -943 -959 -975 -990 -990 -973 '946 -912 "890 -878 -872 
 882 -896 -918 -945 -958 -951 '944 -940 '928 '917 '913 '910 -917 -937 '952 -982 1-003 i-oos '985 "952 -920 -896 -886 -892 
 906 -930 -948 '978 '986 "996 '981 "973 '962 '952 -950 '961 -982 "992 roie 1-034 '037 -037 rois '987 '981 -952 -944 -943 
 
 94Q -968 -QQ9 l-non i noa i -now L/VIO i.nif -QCU. 
 
 - -972 -958 '949 -949 -991 -004 -025 -032 -034 -020 '993 -900 "931 -926 -910 
 
 M^ans |0782 -800 -823 -850 "868 '875 '872 -858 "843 '827 '818 '816 -823 "845 "864 883 -899 -903 -886 '859 831 807 789 783,0-842 
 
 The number in these columns are not observed, bat interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means, and the imr.iljcrs at the head of them aro corrections of interpolations. 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 123 
 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 
 
 
 
 
 Barometer at 'V - =J!> English luches+tho Number in the Table 
 
 
 Gottinpfen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 
 
 
 Do ily BTH 
 
 Mndrns 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h in. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m h. m. h. m 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.H 3.41 O.il 7.U S.U 9.11 10.11 11.41 12.11 IS. H 11. H 15.41 18.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.11 0.41 1.11 2.41 3.4l' 
 
 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 In. 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 
 -0-024 0-059 
 
 
 1 
 
 0-935 0-942 0-951 0'990 I'OOl 1'Olt 1'022 1'013 0'982 0'968 0'959 0'950 0'9(J5 0'987 1'005 1'030 1'047 1'051 V022 1'OOG 0'9ii6 0'930 0'923 U'927 
 
 0-983 
 
 > 
 
 940 -953 -979 i"005 -015 '000 0-998 0-985 -970 -958 '951 -942 -945 -971 0-994 -Q08 -030 -031 -007 0-980 -9.-,2 -922 -907 -903 
 
 973 
 
 g 
 
 912 -929 -948 0-978 -Q02 -007 I'OOO -991 -977 -963 '953 -944 -946 -963 -986 '009 -037 -033 -007 '983 '932 '920 -900 '896 
 
 967 
 
 4 
 
 916 -942 -964 '991 '008 '013 '006 '994 '973 -959 '949 -948 '958 -967 -981 -021 -040 -045 -036 1'Ois -976 -945 -936 -947 
 
 ' -980 
 
 * 
 
 943 -965 -991 1'026 -Q45 '055 -045 1'033 -998 -982 '970 -979 -999 I-QIO 1-030 '052 '059 -064 -053 '026 '995 '971 -952 -945 
 
 1-008 
 
 6 
 
 952 -969 -989 -012 '032 '040 -036 '033 roio - 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 982 "954 -949 -955 0-980 0-997 -013 '029 -021 0-997 0-970 -938 -919 -903 -911 
 
 0-983 
 
 8 
 
 920 -928 -950 0-973 0-9*5 0-989 0-986 0-976 0'967 -953 -944 '944 -956 -967 -991 -006 '016 '015 -995 -964 -938 -917 -900 -90S 
 
 962 
 
 . 9 
 
 918 -929 -947 "973 -990 "994 -988 "977 '966 -954 "947 -943 -950 -978 '994 -006 '018 "022 1'Oia -979 '954 -933 -916 -924 
 
 967 
 
 10 
 
 931 -953 -967 -992 i"004 i'0i3 i-oos -998 '970 -957 '949 -951 '964 -972 -991 -012 "030 -029 -014 -985 '950 -931 -916 -910 
 
 975 
 
 00 
 
 927 -943 -960 '991 0997 -007 0-994 -985 "950 -939 '933 '934 -947 "965 -969 0-990 -QoS '005 0-994 -963 -936 '907 -890 -899 
 
 960 
 
 ift 10 
 CO *" 
 
 905 -930 -950 '974 '987 0'990 -984 '968 '951 -937 "928 -923 -930 -956 -975 -996 '007 0-997 '980 '954 '930 -901T -891 -894 
 
 952 
 
 ~ 13 
 
 901 -912 -929 '953 '964 '966 -961 '949 "937 ______ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 Q3 14 
 
 _ -931 '929 -928 '939 -963 "998 1-0-22 -039 1'030 1-013 -996 '968 "945 -948 '961 
 
 962 
 
 15 
 
 980 i-ooe 1-032 1-054 ro7i 1.077 i'<X58 i'05i rois rooo -986 -983 -991 1-012 1-024 -048 -064 -070 -051 iW -994 -965 -942 -949 
 
 1-019 
 
 2 16 
 
 955 0-961 0-987 -029 -051 -056 '047 '020 '000 0-983 -971 -969 '979 0-994 -Q19 -043 '053 '049 -038 -012 -978 '956 -941 '945 
 
 001 
 
 a 17 
 
 952 -961 -982 '013 '024 "033 '016 -012 0'999 -977 -959 -953 -958 '979 0-998 -Q14 -031 -032 -Oil 0-990 -962 -941 -929 "940 
 
 0-986 
 
 o 18 
 
 952 -959 -980 '007 '013 -010 ow> 0-975 -959 -943 '931 -915 -911 -932 -958 0-976 0-991 0-996 0-995 '-960 "932 "902 '898 '902 
 
 958 
 
 g 19 
 
 910 -911 -928 0-942 0-953 0-963 -957 '943 -921 '897 '877 -879 '893 '902 "925 '942 -944 '951 -941 -905 '889 -874 -852 -858 
 
 915 
 
 20 
 
 870 -909 -990 -QVl -O^l -9fV-i -9^4 -939 -Oil 
 
 
 21 
 
 902 '897 -895 -905 '917 '935 -959 -977 '985 -970 '931 '916 -881 -867 '872 
 
 924 
 
 22 
 
 878 -882 -904 -930 -947 -958 '954 '930 '903 -896 '894 -882 -882 '888 '915 '938 -947 '941 -925 '900 '875 '845 -830 '842 
 
 904 
 
 23 
 
 851 -863 -874 '895 '914 -936 '935 -924 '903 "878 '858 -864 '882 '901 -917 -947 -952 '951 -933 '905 -873 '850 '827 "828 
 
 894 
 
 24 
 
 849 -864 -880 '90S '921 '936 '930 '908 '874 -868 '866 -867 -879 '899 "931 -949 -972 -985 -969 -947 '915 "896 -893 -902 
 
 909 
 
 25 
 
 905 -921 -959 '982 '993 1'Ois 1'005 -993 '975 -965 '959 '956 -964 '989 '999 1'020 1-040 1-049 1-038 1-010 -983 -958 -952 '955 
 
 983 
 
 26 
 
 963 -976 1-007 rn29 r 37 '055 "050 1'035 rois rm -991 -939 -998 roil 1-021 '030 -048 '049 -037 -015 -996 -960 -950 '951 
 
 1-009 
 
 27 
 
 9R3 -984. n 'n -090 -039 -04.4 -O'^l -020 '004 
 
 
 28 
 
 j\j*j i/o-i u yyy i/*iv \j*j& v/-iT? v/j j. \JA\J \j\j i . - 
 _ -008 I'Oi" -998 -990 -007 -021 -040 -051 -053 -042 -021 -986 -966 '951 '947 
 
 008 
 
 29 
 
 962 -979 -987 -010 -027 '039 '023 '021 '003 0-981 0-964 -966 -979 o-994 '012 -039 -045 -043 -033 -008 -979 -956 -935 -937 
 
 0-997 
 
 30 
 
 947 -967 -989 -013 '033 '041 -037 '030 '006 '990 '978 "976 -986 roil '019 -040 '067 '058 '049 -021 -974 -950 -937 -936 
 
 1-002. 
 
 Means 
 
 0-924 -940 -959 -986 rooo '008 '001 0-989 -967 -953 -943 -940 -948 "966 -985 rooe -021 -021 -006 0-979 -949- -925 '911 -915 
 
 0-968 
 
 
 0-013 -0-060 
 
 
 1 
 
 0-943 0-919 0-978 1-003 1'013 T017 0'999 0'993 0'956 0-943 0'933 0'939 0-950 0'971 0'991 I'OIO 1'027 1'031 ] '019 0'992 0'9G2 (1-928 0'901 0'900 
 
 0-973 
 
 2 
 
 914 -929 -956 0-972 0-989 0-990 -9oO -981 -974 -962 -953 -951 -961 -970 -999 '017 '044 '041 -030 i'"04 -972 -952 "923 -925 
 
 975 
 
 3 
 
 943 -960 -983 1-012 rose r039 1-035 1-023 1-011 -993 '977 '982 -998 rois i'03S -068 '082 '075 -062 -031 -99'9 -969 -950 '947 
 
 1-009 
 
 4 
 
 951 -975 -997 -017 '035 '039 -03 'O'O 'Oil 
 
 
 5 
 
 -989 -970 -975 '992 -Oil -039 '072 '097 -089 -068 '043 1'009 -986 -965 -969 
 
 014 
 
 6 
 
 978 -992 I'OU -031 -047 -050 -038 '027 -006 '998 '993 -994 1'007 -034 "049 '074 -096 -089 -070 '039 '008 -979 -959 -960 
 
 022 
 
 7 
 
 965 -979 0-997 -016 -021 "035 '030 "015 -006 "995 '987 -973 0'97i 0-978 -Q08 '030 -037 '027 '021 -000 0-958 -937 -908 -904 
 
 0-992 
 
 8 
 
 916 -928 -944 0-956 0-969 0-979 0-983 0'97i 0'954 -940 '929 -919 -921 -938 0-958 0-991 -013 -017 -008 0-985 -956 -929 -905 -913 
 
 955 
 
 9 
 
 927 -948 '963 '993 I'OOl rois 1-020 roi2 -990 -971 '954 -959 '976 -999 1'Ois 1-045 -Q63 -071 -068 1'042 1-012 -99] -965 -960 
 
 999 
 
 10 
 
 972 -986 1-011 1-024 -037 '047 -049 '047 ro25 1 . 009 -996 -993 rooi roil "037 '057 -068 -067 -063 '039 '006 -987 -966 -960 
 
 1-019 
 
 11 
 
 974 -98-2 -OO'^ -0->-> -D38 -041 -O'W '034 -01 7 - 
 
 
 CO 10 
 
 o 12 
 
 0-967 -920 "917 0-925 0-947 0'902 0'989 -Q06 '013 '005 0-981 0'945 -QIQ -gdl '883 
 
 0-975 
 
 22 13 
 
 893 -899 0-917 0-913 0-966 0-982 0'979 0-958 0'950 -936 '925 '927 -940 -950 -970 I'OOG -017 -023 -Oil "990 '948 "923 "898 -898 
 
 952 
 
 03 u 
 
 907 '917 -948 -967 -998 i-ois roie rou rooi -989 -980 -978 '987 -991 i'OJ6 -048 -060 -052 -043 I'OH -985 -959 "928 -920 
 
 989 
 
 W 15 
 
 944 -952 -981 I'Oio rosi -038 -026 '006 0-973 -963 '956 -951 '958 -964 0-981 -Q16 -040 -050 -039 '017 '990 -953 -938 -935 
 
 988 
 
 2 16 
 
 947 -956 -971 0-996 -Q23 '035 '031 '031 1'015 -994 -976 -975 '986 1'002 1-022 -048 -069 -060 -043 -020 "995 -962 -949 -951 
 
 1-002 
 
 w 17 
 
 967 -974 -997 i'023 -Q33 '064 -056 -038 '017 1-002 '989 -988 -998 -020 '013 '049 -071 '075 -062 '033 rooc '984 '959 -955 
 
 016 
 
 o 18 
 
 970 -976 '993 '01 -05 -040 '038 'O ! -014 
 
 
 P 19 
 
 0-995 -976 -969 -973 0-992 -Q13 -045 -053 '058 -054 -035 '005 -975 '966 -970 
 
 007 
 
 20 
 
 975 -979 I'OOO -010 -033 -046 -041 "041 -031 1'Ois 1-007 roo7 rois 1-023 -Q48 -071 -090 '100 -092 -063 -035 roil -986 -982 
 
 029 
 
 21 
 
 991 1-007 -023 -060 -072 '084 '078 '062 '051 '033 "018 -014 '021 -058 '070 -090 -116 -122 '112 -091 '059 -029 1'OO-t -997 
 
 053 
 
 22 
 
 i-ou -015 '032 -056 -068 -073 '074 '066 -051 -029 -010 -000 -002 -012 -037 "072 -092 -096 '084 -061 '022 -000 0983 -982 
 
 039 
 
 23 
 
 0-988 0-997 -Q18 '034 '062 -068 -072 -002 '041 '022 -006 0-993 0-991 -008 '025 -053 -073 '073 '062 -044 -014 0-993 -979 -973 
 
 027 
 
 24 
 
 994 root -026 -046 -049 -052 -049 "045 "031 "006 -983 '985 '998 -018 "049 '081 -098 '098 '083 -055 '015 -982 -964 -962 
 
 028 
 
 25 
 
 "987 '006 -09 '0")"> -067 -071 '068 '061 '038 - 
 
 
 26 
 
 -003. -970 -971 -983 -000 -014 -056 -078 -085 -071 '042 '005 -970 -951 -942 
 
 022 
 
 27 
 
 950 0-962 0-9SO -016 -039 -043 -045 '029 -014 -001 '991 -993 i'07 rois -Q37 -067 -086 '091 '079 -059 -024 -980 -972 -970 
 
 019 
 
 28 
 
 979 rooo 1-027 -065 -079 -093 -075 '063 '054 -042 i'032 ro30 -Q39 -058 -078 -109 -127 -123 -113 -093 -054 ro28 rou 1-007 
 
 058 
 
 29 
 
 I-OK; -039 -064 -092 -111 -117 '111 '098 '086 -080 '076 '071 -077 '092 -100 -125 '146 -152 "147 -125 -097 -065 -035 -034 
 
 090 
 
 30 
 
 042 -049 -073 -105 -115 -121 -115 -107 "096 "073 -052 -047 -053 -062 -070 '098 '115 '119 '106 '081 '054 -016 o-98i 0-977 
 
 072 
 
 31 
 
 0-982 0-991 '013 -027 -045 -062 -063 -053 -039 -023 -009 -998 0-999 '005 '016 -030 -067 -063 '053 -022 '001 o-964 '943 -940 
 
 017 
 
 Means 
 
 0-964 -976 -998 1-021 -037 '047 -042 -033 -017 o&w '984 -981 -990 roos -024 -052 -072 -073 -062 -037 -005 0-976 -955 -953 
 
 1-013 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the snke of obtaining the daily means, and the numbers at the heads of them are corrections of interpolations. 
 
124 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 DRY STANDARD THERMOMETER NO. 7 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Gdttingen - 
 Mean Time - 
 
 Soon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 Madras 
 Mea:-. Time 
 
 h. TO. h. m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m, h. m. h, in. h. m. h. m. h. m. ]i, m. h. m. h. m. h m. h. m. li. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 0.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 11.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 1S.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.il 0.41 1.41 2.41 8.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 . 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 Cf 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 76-5 76-0 74-8 74-5 74'5 751 73'5 72'5 72'2 711 701 70'0 69!) 69'4 69'2 71-1 73-9 76'5 78'3 791 79-5 79'3 79-3 78'3 
 777 76-3 747 741 727 717 70'5 69'6 69'3 
 67-8 66-4 66-6 66'8 66'4 66'4 69-6 74'2 768 78'3 77'3 80'8 78'8 78-5 777 
 76-5 75-5 74-5 74'3 72-7 71'6 70'6 68'8 68'4 68'0 67'6 67'0 66'4 66'2 64'8 68'3 73'4 76'5 77-6 777 78'5 7b'3 77'8 77-5 
 771 75-5 74-4 74-4 74'3 73-6 74'0 74 2 74-4 73'8 73'2 72 9 72'6 70'5 72-0 73'6 75-4 771 77-9 78'5 79-1 78'8 78'3 78 1 
 76-9 75-6 745 74-4 73-9 731 731 739 73'6 72'8 72"0 72'2 72'4 70'9 69'4 74-4 76'5 78'2 77'6 791 79'5 78'8 78'3 781 
 76-8 75-5 747 74'0 731 71-6 701 696 70'4 70'5 707 70'2 69'6 686 694 71-5 76'5 77'3 781 791 78'5 781 77'3 765 
 75-9 74-9 74-5 74-2 74 73-6 73'5 72-9 72-6 72'6 727 73 73-2 71'6 70 7 72-2 75'3 77'0 79'3 79'8 80'3 801 797 78'3 
 771 75 - 3 71'4 71'-0 73'3 707 697 69' 68'6 
 
 O 
 
 74-4 
 
 72-9 
 72-4 
 75-2 
 75-0 
 737 
 751 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 1 11 
 
 -< 14 
 M 15 
 
 71-9 75-3 75-4 75'5 75'5 76'0 76-2 771 77'5 797. 80'3 81'0 80-3 79'6 79'3 
 78-3 76-7 76-3 75i> 75'9 75'3 75-5 75'0 74'4 747 75-1 74-7 74'3 73'2 73'3 74-4 751 75'8 781 80'4 811 80-3 80'3 791 
 78-2 76-3 757 75 3 74-8 73'6 72-5 70'8 70'3 69'3 68-4 68'0 67 6 67'9 68'3 70'2 75-3 76'5 781 78'5 78'3 78'3 79'3 78-5 
 77-3 76-3 75-4 74-9 74-9 747 74-3 747 73'4 71-8 70'3 69'5 687 69'2 689 71-6 762 78'2 78'5 802 799 80-2 79'6 796 
 77-8 77-0 75-5 75-4 747 74'6 74'6 74'4 74-2 73'2 72'2 711 69'9 68'6 68'9 721 75-2 79'3 797 79'9 81'4 80'3 81'0 783 
 77-3 77-1 75-5 751 74-0 72'9 71'6 707 70'6 70'0 69-4 690 68'6 67'9 68'4 71'3 737 781 79'2 801 79'8 800 798 79'3 
 77- r > 76-4 74 -E > 72-1 70-8 70-1 6Q-2 68-7 67 S 
 
 755 
 76-4 
 73-8 
 749 
 75-4 
 741 
 
 $ 17 
 
 18 
 3 19 
 20 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 _ _ 66-6 65 9 65 7 65'4 65'4 647 67-4 71 2 74'8 75'8 777 77'8 78'3 78'3 77-3 
 76-7 75-3 73-8 72 9 721 69'3 67'8 66 8 65'6 65-1 64-6 64 6 64'6 63-6 63'4 677 721 75'3 76'5 77 5 781 78'3 77'9 77'4 
 76-6 75-3 737 73'2 711 69'3 68-3-68-3 678 67-6 67-4 66-9 66-4 65'9 66'4 68'5 734 75'8 78-5 787 79'S 79-0 79'0 78'8 
 77-6 76-3 74-3 72-6 71'3 70-0 69'1 681 67-8 667 65'6 65-6 65'5 65 2 64-6 66'0 72'3 75'2 77'3 79-3 79-1 79'5 79'4 78'8 
 78-3 76-0 74-5 73'6 73'1 72-6 721 70'9 69-6 68-5 675 67'2 669 66'4 66'4 697 74-0 77-3 79-2 808 82'3 827 82'3 808 
 79-5 77-9 75-3 74'5 73-9 737 73-4 73'0 707 69'9 69-2 68'9 68-6 67'9 077 69'9 73'8 767 79-0 bO'3 811 81'0 80'4 798 
 78'3 76'5 75'3 75'0 74'1 73*9 737 731 71'6 
 
 71-6 
 711 
 
 72-3 
 72-0 
 73-9 
 
 74-4 
 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 SO 
 
 69-9 68-2 67-6 67'0 667 66'3 69'8 73'8 77'3 79-1 79 6 801 80'3 80'3 801 
 79-2 77-4 75-4 74'6 737 73'6 73-4 73'2 729 71'4 69-9 69-2 68'5 67-1 67-4 70-6 74-4 777 79-4 80'4 80'9 81-3 811 79-8 
 78-8 77-3 75-3 74'3 74-3 74'6 74'2 736 73-4 71-5 69-6 69-0 68'3 686 68'4 71'5 761 78-5 79'5 80'4 81'5 80'6 80'5 79.5 
 787 76-5 751 74'4 73"9 73'5 730 72'4 70-4 68'4 66-4 65-5 64'6 63'9 64-4 6K'6 73'6 76'8 78'8 79'9 80'4 80'8 801 79'5 
 78-8 77-3 76-2 75-6 75-2 75'0 73'9 71-3 70'2 69-7 69'2 68'3 67-3 66'4 681 69'6 73'8 78 3 79'8 80'6 801 80'1 79'8 79-6 
 78-8 77-3 75-4 75-3 74-8 74'2 732 70-6 692 68'3 67-4 66'6 65'8 64-9 65'5 68'9 73'6 7ti-7 78'4 79'9 80'4 801 79'8 79'8 
 
 741 
 747 
 75-0 
 73-3 
 74-3 
 73-5 
 
 31 
 
 731 707 69-5 68-2 681 68-4 71'4 74'9 77'1 78'3 80'3 81'2 81'2 80'8 800 
 
 75-3 
 
 Means | 
 
 777 763 75-0 74-4 737 73'0 72'3 71'6 70-9 70'2 69'4 69-0 68'6 67'9 68'0 70'6 74'4 770 78'5 79-4 800 79-8 79'6 78'8 
 
 74-0 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 
 K 
 
 79-0 76-5 74-9 73'2 70'9 69'4 691 68'2 66 9 661 65'4 651 647 63'4 62'9 66'4 70'5 74'6 77'5 79'8 80-3 81-3 811 80'3 
 79-2 77-3 73-8 74'5 69'9 69'4 67:9 667 66'2 658 65-4 65'0 64'6 637 63'6 67'4 71'4 764 79-3 81'9 82-3 82-5 82-3 81'5 
 80-3 77-6 75-2 73'4 71-4 69'9 69'3 68'5 68'4 67-9 67-4-671 668 656 68'4 69'6 71'9 76-3 787 81'2 82'0 82'5 821 80'8 
 79-3 77-6 757 75'3 74'6 74-3 73'8 71-9 71'0 697 68'4 68'3 68 2 66'3 66'4 (=9'6 74'3 77'9 79'3 80'0 811 81-3 80'8 801 
 79-2 77-3 74-3 72'2 71-3 70'4 701 69'8 69'2 67'8 66'4 661 657 65-4 65'6 69'9 73'6 77'5 79'5 81-2 82'2 82-3 81'8 81'4 
 80-2 77-fi 76-"i 76-1 7 r v8 7 t i- r ! 74-8 74-4 74,-4 
 
 72-0 
 72-3 
 734 
 74-4 
 73-3 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 oo 12 
 So 13 
 
 74-2 741 73-8 73'4 727 72'9 75'3 79'0 821 83'5 837 84 2 83'3 84-0 831 
 81-5 80-3 79-0 79'0 78'4 77'3 77'2 77'0 77'0 757 74'4 73-2 71'9 71 3 '72'3 73'9 77 1 80'5 82'4 82'8 83'2 82'4 82'4 82 1 
 81-3 79-3 77-5 77'0 76'2 76'0 75-9- 75'3 75-3 751 74'9 71'8 687 68'3 69'4 71'9 75'5 79-5 80-8 817 83'0 81'5 82-3 821 
 811 78-9 77-3 76'5 76'2 74'4 73'6 73 3 71'6 711 707 697 68'6 68 7 68 3 71'4 75'5 79'4 80'8 82 5 82'6 83-3 83'3 82 3 
 81-4 79-4 76-3 763 76-5 76'0 75'3 746 74'6 727 709 70'3 697 69'4 69'6 73-0 76'4 80'2 81-8 83"3 83-3 841 84'3 828 
 821 801 777 771 76-5 75'5 75-3 75'2 74 9 73'5 72'2 717 71'2 70'6 71'4 74'2 771 80'3 82'5 84-3 85'3 85'8 85'3 841 
 
 B9- i; ! 8O1 7Q-4 78-4 77-4 77-9 7ft-8 7ft-ft 7ft-l 
 
 777 
 780 
 767 
 75-9 
 768 
 777 
 
 rt 14 
 
 < 1 
 
 R ^ 
 
 jx< Of 
 
 74-2 72-4 72-0 71'6 71-4-72-1 74'9 77'5 80'5 82'3 83'5 83'3 83-1 831 82-3 
 81-3 79-8 78-4 78'0 77'9 77'5 77'3 76'5 76'3 75'9 75'6 73-9 721 71'4 70 6 741 77'2 81'2 81-3 81-6 82'3 82'9 82-3 82 2 
 811 79-3 778 77-3 77'0 76'4 75'6 75-2 74-9 74-5 741 71-3 684 684 68'4 747 77'3 79'3 79-9 81'3 81-3 81'5 81'3 81-3 
 80-3 79-0 77-3 77'0 76'9 76'5 75'9 75'5 755 750 74'5 72'5 70'4 687 68'4 72'5 76-0 797 80'3 821 821 82'2 823 813 
 80-2 783 76-5 76-2 75'3 75'5 75'2 74'6 74'6 73'0 71'4 69-4 67'4 671 65'S 70'4 753 796 80'5 811 80'8 81 "3 81 -4 802 
 
 79-5 78-2 76-4 751 75'0 73'3 70'5 68'6 68'0 67'3 66'6 65'6 64'6 64'4 65'3 69'2 744 77'5 79'3 811 81'2 81-0 81'5 811 
 
 79-7 79- c; 77.0 75.') 75-7 75-5 75.4 7^.0 74-g 
 
 77-8 
 77-8 
 76-6 
 767 
 75-5 
 735 
 
 2] 
 2! 
 
 24 
 
 OS 
 
 2C 
 
 747 74-9 73 8 727 72-9 73'6 75'3 79'0 80-5 821 83'8 83-4 82'8 82'6 8L8 
 81-5 80-2 78-6 78'3 78'3 77'5 77'3 771 76'6 76'4 76'3 74'8 73'2 72-4 72'4 771 79'3 81-8 82'0 83'5 83'2 83'8 82'5 82'3 
 81-3 79-5 78-4 78'0 77-5 76'8 76-3 73'5 72'6 721 71'6 707 697 69-4 70'0 72-6 76'6 79'5 81'8 827 83'3 83-3 83'3 831 
 821 801 78-3 77-6 77-4 77'3 76-4 74'9 75'0 73'5 721 707 69'2 68'5 68'4 73'3 771 807 81'6 83'2 841 84'3 83'3 83 2 
 81-3 79-9 78-2 77-5 771 76'9 76'3 757 75'6 73'5 71'4 70'8 70-1 69-4 68'6 737 784 807 821 83'3 83'3 84-1 841 83-3 
 824 80-5 78-3 77'2 76'4 76'3 761 75-5 73'4 72'6 71-9 712 70-4 7OO 70'4 713 74'8 81'2 82'3 827 83'6 827 82'4 83'0 
 82-S 80-8 79-1 78-1 77-4 77-^ 77-1 7ft S 7 r v9 - 
 
 77-6 
 78-6 
 76-8 
 77-2 
 77-3 
 769 
 
 2? 
 
 74-3 73-4 72-8 721 71-5 71'2 761 79-6 82-4 83-6 847 84-7 84-6 84-3 83'8 
 
 78-4 
 
 Means 
 
 80-8 79-0 771 76-4 757 751 74'5 73'8 73'2 72'4 71-5 70'5 69'4 68'8 69'0 72'4 76'0 79'6 81'0 82'4 82'8 82'8 827 821 
 
 76-2 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 125 
 
 
 DRY STANDARD THERMOMETER No. 7 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 [can Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ,19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 83-3 81-3 79-5 79-3 78'6 78'2 77'5 76 3 75-2 .74-4 737 73'3 72 9 727 734 771 80"3 83'5 86-2 86'6 86-4 85-4 84-8 84 5 
 831 81-3 80-0 79 8 79'2 78'8 784 78'3 77'3 768 76'3 754 744 73'9 74'3 78'3 S0'8 83'9 86'2 86-5 86-3 86"5 86-0 84'3 
 83-3 81-3 79-8 79-4 79-3 78'8 784 784 78'6 77'2 75'9 757 75'5 74-6 74-9 78'3 81'2 84-5 85'8 87'0 85-2 85'5 85'3 85'0 
 83-8 821 79-8 79'3 78'8 78'5 77'9 77'6 77D 75-4 73-9 737 73'5 741 744 75'6 79-4 824 84'8 85'3 86'5 86-5 86 3 85-3 
 83-3 81-3 79-5 78'8 783 77'5 76'5 76'5 76'3 744 72'6 72'0 714 70-6 71'2 75'8 78'8 821 83'3 84'5 85'5 85-5 851 84-3 
 
 Q'l-1 Q1-Q 7Q'9 78-^ 77-T 77-'i 77'1 7fi-8 7v c i . 
 
 
 
 794 
 80-3 
 804 
 797 
 78-5 
 
 
 74'2 73-2 72'9 72'6 7T6 7T3 76'3 79~3 82'3 84'5 85'5 85'5 84'5 85 2 83'6 
 
 78-7 
 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 82-8 81-3 79-6 78'8 78'3 78'0 77-6 773 75'5 74-3 73-2 727 72'2 71'9 720 75'8 79-3 813 834 844 85-2 85-3 84'5 84-3 
 83-0 80-6 787 777 774 76'9 76-3 76'2 74'8 73'0 71'2 70'8 70 4 704 704 744 78'2 81-6 83'0 83'5 83'8 84'3 84'2 837 
 82-8 81-3 78-6 77-8 77 3 77'2 76'9 76'6 73'9 731 724 71 -5 70-6- 69'6 70'9 75'3 791 81'3 83'3 841 841 84-8 84'5 83'9 
 83 1 81-3 79-2 787 78'5 78'3 78'0 777 76'2 751 74-0 737 734 724 72-6 76'5 79'3 81-3 844 844 854 85'5 857 85-3 
 847 82-3 80-2 79'3 77-8 77'6 75 8 73'9 72.9 72-0 71'2 70'8 704 71'9 73"2 75'5 791 81'5 85'3 86'5 87'5 88'5 86-5 87'2 
 
 Qt:-^ QQ-S ftfl-7 7Q-O 77-9 7fi-"^ 7 c i*. t i 74, - 4. 74.'.d 
 
 787 
 777 
 78-0 
 79-2 
 78-8 
 
 *O 1 A 
 
 74-3 74-3 73-9 734 73-2 744 77-S 81-9 83'8 84-fi 85'8 86-3 Rfi-'i 8fi-S ftVI 
 
 7Q-T 
 
 f 10 to c- oo OJ c 
 
 81 HOHVK 
 
 84-3 82-3 80-2 79'2 780 771 75'5 747 744 734 724 71'9 714 714 72-2 75'3 80'2 82'6 844 85'2 86'0 86'0 86-2 85'5 
 83-8 82-3 80-2 79'5 787 78'3 781 767 75'5 74-9 744 744 744 741 74-3 77'5 81-3 85'3 871 87'2 87'5 87'3 86'3 857 
 844 82-3 807 801 797 79'5 791 78'3 77'8 76 6 75'5 74'6 73"6 734 74'6 79'0 82-5 867 86'3 87'3 87'5 87'3 867 85'8 
 84-9 82-6 81-2 8Q'2 797 791 78'5 77'5 76'9 757 74-6 738 72'9 724 74-3 78'3 821 84'3 85"5 861 86'3 85-8 85-6 854 
 84-6 82-3 807 79'5 792 78'9 78"8 781 76'8 76'0 75'3 74'2 731 71-8 73'2 76'9 81'3 83'3 84'9 85'3 86'0 86'5 857 85'0 
 
 U/I-/I Q9-1 8A-9 7Q-^ 7Q-1 7<5-9 77'8 7 r i- i; 5 74.-fi 
 
 787 
 80-2 
 80-8 
 80-2 
 79-9 
 
 zu 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 
 97 
 
 - - - - 73-8 731 72-3 714 71'2 72'6 76'2 80'8 83-9 86'3 86'5 87'3 87'5 87-6 87'3 
 85-8 83-5 81-5 80'5 79'6 79'3 78'8 78'3 78'0 771 76'3 75-6 74'9 74'6 75-3 784 82-3 85 9 864 88'3 88'3 88'9 88'3 871 
 86-0 84-2 81-9 81-0 807 80'3 79-3 78-3 771 764 75'8 75'2 74'6 744 75'3 79'6 83'3 85'8 86'8 88'6 88'3 88'3 88'3 87'8 
 864 84.6 82-3 814 81'3 803 791 781 761 75'3 74'6 741 73'6 73'6 74'8 787 81-9 84-8 877 89D 89'3 90'0 89'3 891 
 87-6 85-3 824 811 80'2 791 77'5 757 757 751 74'6 74-3 73'9 73'6 74'6 78'8 82-2 85'0 87'5 88'3 87'8 87'5 87'3 971 
 85-8 83 3 817 804 797 791 78'6 78'3 76'8 76-3 75'8 751 744 74-2 74-9 77'3 81'8 84'3 86'8 87'3 874 881 87-5 86'3 
 85'0 831 811 804 79'5 79 - 3 78'5 78'3 771 
 
 79-5 
 814 
 81-6 
 81-5 
 80-9 
 80-9 
 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 --------- 771 771 77-2 77-2 77-2 79.0 81-0 82-8 85-5 877 89-3 89-2 88 4 88-0 874 
 86-3 83-9 82-2 81 5 811 811 80'3 801 79'5 78-4 77'3 764 75'5 75'5 76-2 79'5 83'2 86'3 884 88'5 89"5 88"5 88 2 87'3 
 85-3 84-2 82-5 814 81'3 81-0 807 80'2 79'5 78'6 777 771 76'5 76'3 76-9 81-3 84'5 87-5 90'3 89'3 89'2 89'2 891 88'3 
 86-3 84-3 83-0 82'5 821 82-0 81-5 81'3 80'3 79-8 79'3 78'3 77 3 76-8 781 81'2 84'3 88'3 89'3 891 89'8 89'5 89'2 881 
 
 81-9 
 82-3 
 
 82-8 
 834 
 
 Means 
 
 84-5 82-6 80-6 79'8 79'2 787 781 774 764 75'5 747 741 73'5 73'2 74'0 77-6 811 84'0 859 866 86-9 86'9 86'6 859 
 
 80-2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 86-9 847 83-3 82'5 82'5 82'3 81'5 81'2 80'3 79-3 78'3 77*7 77'0 76'3 77'5 81-8 85'3 87-2*883 89-3 89'5 89'5 89'0 87'5 
 861 83-5 82-3 81'3 811 81'0 80'3 80'0 79'2 78'0 76'8 761 754 74'2 75'3 78'5 81'0 84-3 88'2 90'3 92'3 93-8 90'0 88'3 
 Sfv^ ftS - ^ 82*^i 81 "5 81*2 80*6 80*1 78* ^ 76' 8 
 
 83-3 
 
 624 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 1 fi 
 
 77-0 77-2 77-3 77'3 77'0 78'5 81'3 85'2 87'5 90'5 89'5 89'5 90'5 89'3 88'5 
 871 84-5 83-2 82-5 82'3 81'5 81'3 79'3 79'3 787 78'2 777 771 761 78'6 83'3 85'5 891 89'5 90-3 90-5 89'8 901 89'5 
 88-3 85-6 841 83'3 82'6 817 81-3 81'3 811 801 79 2 787 781 77'3 78'9 S0'8 831 87'5 89'8 92-9 93'5 93'3 94'0 93'5 
 90-5 867 84-9 83'5 821 81-3 80'3 79'3 78'3 774 76'5 764 76'2 75-5 77'5 821 85'3 88 3 89'3 90'5 89'9 90'5 90'3 89'5 
 87-8 85-6 83-8 83'3 828 823 81'8 807 78'8 78'0 77'3 77'2 77'0 771 784 81-9 85'5 891 91'9 921 91'9 92'6 91-5 911 
 89-0 86-5 84-6 83'3 82'8 824 821 81'3 79'8 79'6 79'5 783 771 77'3 78'3 83'2 87'3 911 93'8 96'9 95'2 94'5 94'6 93'9 
 
 un-Q K7 9 S'vfi 84'7 84,'^ 84.'8 84,-^ 8^-fi 8 -: ?-9 
 
 82-8 
 83-5 
 84-6 
 834 
 841 
 85-5 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 oo 13 
 
 O T A 
 
 oo 14 
 
 JLC 
 
 82-9 827 821 81'5 81-8 83'3 86'5 89'8 93'3 95'2 967 94'3 921 91'3 89'3 
 87-8 85-3 84-5 844 84'6 84'2 84'0 83'9 83'3 82'9 82'5 824 82-3 821 831 861 89'5 92'3 931 92'5 91'6 91'3 89'6 89'3 
 87-8 85-6 84 83'6 831 831 824 824 82 3 82 81-8 817 81-5 811 81'5 84'5 88'8 91'3 92'3 91'2 91'0 91 2 90'3 884 
 87-6 85-3 83-5 83'0 82'5 825 82'5 821 821 82'3 82'5 817 80'9 80'0 81'8 84'3 87'5 89'0 89'6 91-3 914 911 90-5 89'0 
 87-8 851 83-5 82'6 82'5. 82'2 82'0 811 80'6 79'9 79'3 787 781 78'0 80'3 84'3 87'9 891 89'3 90'8 90'3 90'3 89'6 89'3 
 881 85-3 837 82'9 82'6 82'3 81'8 811 80'5 799 79'3 78'6 77'9 781 80'5 84'5 874 88'3 89'6 91'3 911 90'3 911 877 
 g^.g ^").g 937 fc3' S7 8 -) '3 s' Sl 816 
 
 87-2 
 864 
 85-5 
 85-2 
 843 
 84-3 
 
 ^ 19 
 2C 
 21 
 22 
 2c 
 
 )A 
 
 80-9 80-0 791 78-0 77'9 81'3 861 88'3 89'6 00'8 91-2 92-3 91'3 917 90-3 
 88-6 864 84-5 837 83'3 82'8 82'3 82'3 80'6 80'0 79'5 78'9 78'3 77'9 80'3 84'6 871 90'0 91'5 92'0 91-3 91 3 91'0 901 
 88-8 867 840 83'3 82'5 82'3 82'2 81'5 80'8 80'0 79'3 78'8 78'3 77'8 80'2 84-3 86-5 891 92'8 92'3 91'3 91'3 91'8 90'5 
 88-6 86-3 840 83'0 824 821 811 804 781 77'5 77 76'2 75'3 757 777 83:5 871 89'5 90'3 91'2 91'6 91'5 911 90'3 
 89-0 86-3 84-0 83'3 82'5 2'3 814 81'3 80'3 79'0 77'8 77'2 76'5 76'3 78'5 831 86'5 89 3 90'3 90'5 91'3 90-5 90'5 89'6 
 88-0 86-6 83-5 831 82'3 82'3 81'5 811 811 797 78'3 77-9 77'5 76'8 797 844 864 89'3 911 911 90-5 91 '2 90'6 90-2 
 
 850 
 84-9 
 84-9 
 83-8 
 841 
 84-3 
 
 2t 
 
 2( 
 2; 
 
 oc 
 
 21 
 3( 
 
 81-8 825 81-9 81'3 80'3 81-5 86'3 871 90-3 91'3 921 92'3 91'2 01'3 90'3 
 88-5 86-8 85-2 84'2 840 83'6 83'3 82'8 82'5 823 821 80'8 79'5 80'3 827 84'8 88'8 90'0 90'5 91'6 924 921 915 914 
 894 871 85-5 84-8 84'3 84-5 841 82'3 821 81~8 81'5 81'2 80-8 79'9 841 86'6 88'0 89'0 911 91'3 91'3 91-3 91 2 90'3 
 S 897 87-0 86-2 854 85'5 85'3 851 84'0 84'0 837 83'5 82'9 82'3 81'3 821 841 851 84'5 84-0 85'3 85'5 84-3 82'3 82'8 
 ) 83-3 82-2 82-2 82'0 822 82'3 81'8 81'5 81'2 811 811 797 78'2 791 79'2 795 82'3 87-3 88'3 88'3 88'6 89'3 88'9 887 
 ) 88-3 85-6 840 834 831 81'9 81'3 80'5 80'5 804 80'3 80'2 80;0 79'2 82'3 791 821 86'3 88'2 88'3 884 88'8 888 891 
 
 85-6 
 85-9 
 860 
 844 
 833 
 83-8 
 
 Means 
 
 881 857 84-0 83'3 82'9 82'6 821 814 808 80'2 79'8 79'2 78-6 78'2 801 834 863 ?8'9 904 91'2 911 91'0 90'5 896 
 
 84-6 
 
 * The numbers m these columns are not observed, but. interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 32 
 
126 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 DRY STANDARD THERMOMETER No. 7 
 
 
 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 ,4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Madras 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m- h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. lum. h. in. li. m. h. m. 
 
 Means 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 10.41 17.41 18.11 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.11 2.41 3.41 
 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 
 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 
 
 O 
 
 1 
 
 87-7 ^fvl 84.-^ 83- *; 83-^ 8^1 82- t i 81-6 81 '3 - 
 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 O / / OU JL O^r O OO O OO O OO A Oi; O OA v* OA O 
 
 80-4 79-6 79-1 78'5 78'5 80'0 82-5 85-5 88'3 89-4 897 89-5 88'8 90'5 90'0 
 
 84-3 
 
 3 
 
 89-1 86-5 83-1 831 82'5 821 82-3 81'5 Sl'O 801 79-3 79-3 79-3 79-4 81'3 82-1 81-3 79'5 79'3 78'2 791 79'5 81'3 80'5 
 
 81-3 
 
 4 
 
 80-6 80-6 80-2 80'4 80'2 80'3 801 79'6 7ir3 78'3 77'3 777 78'0 787 79-5 791 80'5 78 3 77-3 78'5 78'5 78'3 76 5 76'3 
 
 78-9 
 
 5 
 
 76-3 761 75-8 75-7 761 75'5 75-3 7.5-2 75-2 75'2 75-2 74'6 73-9 751 75-9 78'3 79'1 82'3 83-3 85'3 84-3 83'9 82'5 83'2 
 
 781 
 
 6 
 
 84-5 83-6 81-1 804 797 79'5 79-3 78'9 78'8 78'2 77'6 77'8 78'0 78'2 80-3 811 83-5 85-3 86'5 87'5 89-4 89'5 89'2 87'8 
 
 82-3 
 
 7 
 
 86-9 85-6 83-9 83'2 83-0 82-3 821 81 '3 81'3 81'0 80'8 801 79-3 78'8 81'5 83'5 86'3 89'2 91'0 92-3 92'.". 90'5 90'2 89'5 
 
 84-8 
 
 
 
 88-fi SVfi 84,-^ 8^7 R'i-4, 8^-5 82-^! 817 81-2 - 
 
 
 c 
 9 
 
 80-5 79-9 79-2 78'5 78'3 79'3 81-0 82'8 85-3 86-5 88-0 89'3 89'6 89'8 89-5 
 
 83-8 
 
 10 
 
 86-6 84-7 82-5 821 81-4 81-1 S0'4 79'5 79'3 79'3 79-3 79'1 78'8 78'3 81-3 84'0 86'3 88-8 90'4 91-6 93-5 9,r3 91-5 90'6 
 
 84-4 
 
 11 
 
 90-8 873 85-3 84-4 83-6 83-3 83-2 82'3 81'3 80'3 79'3 79-5 797 79'5 81-5 846 87'8 90'3 91'3 91-8 91-4 917 91-9 9J-3 
 
 85-6 
 
 12 
 
 886 86-6 847 837 83'2 83'5 83-3 82'9 81'9 81'5 811 80-8 80'5 80'4 81'8 84'5 86'7 89'3 91'6 90'7 90'5 87'0 86-6 87'5 
 
 85-0 
 
 13 
 
 86-4 85-5 84-1 83'5 82'3 82'3 817 811 79'5 79'2 79'0 787 78'3 79'0 80'8 86-3 87'8 91-3 90'8 90'5 92-3 91-3 90'6 89-2 
 
 84-6 
 
 J 14 
 
 87-4 86-6 841 837 83'3 831 831 83'0 83'0 81 6 80'3 79'8 79-2 79-1 82'2 84'8 86'6 89'3 91'3 90-5 89'6 897 90-2 90'3 
 
 851 
 
 CO 1 <\ 
 
 8Q-3 88-4, 8^7 84,-^ 83-Q 83-8 8^-5 S'-i-'^ 82-8 - 
 
 
 r4 1O 
 
 bH 16 
 
 84-0 85-3 84-7 84-0 83-3 84-8 85-6 88-3 90-5 94'1 93'8 967 95-1 98-3 971 
 
 87-9 
 
 2j 17 
 
 96-9 94-6 92-3 88'3 81-8 81'3 81-1 80'3 80-3 80'5 80'8 81-0 81-2 80-6 81'3 82'6 82'6 85'3 86-3 88'3 90'6 900 91'5 91'5 
 
 85-5 
 
 a is 
 
 91-3 89-2 78-3 78'8 78'6 807 80'8 811 80'5 80'5 80'5 80'8 81-0 801 79'4 781 81 '3 84-5 86-3 89-0 90'5 91-0 92-1 89'2 
 
 83-5 
 
 19 
 
 88-0 86-8 86-3 85-3 84-0 82-5 81'5 81'3 81-1 807 80'3 79-5 787 78-3 79'3 83'6 85-5 87-3 89'9 921 93'3 93 8 947 94'2 
 
 85-3 
 
 20 
 
 92-3 91-2 893 87'9 86'8 86'2 84'8 84-3 83-3 82'3 81'3 807 801 79-5 80'5 84'1 87'4 90-3 917 941 95'3 967 96'6 97-1 
 
 877 
 
 21 
 
 963 89-8 871 85'2 84'3 84-5 841 83'6 83'1 82'3 81'5 80'8 80'0 79-3 81-0 84'6 881 90-8 92'5 93'5 95-7 95'5 96-8 91'4 
 
 87-2 
 
 <2-2 
 
 88'6 8fil ST-S 84-4. 841 8S-8 SS-'i SS-2 fs2'8 - 
 
 
 m 
 
 23 
 
 <J(J \J O\J A Ov O OT? T! Orr A OO O OO if OO O^ O 
 
 82-0 81-3 81-2 81-0 80-5 83-5 86-5 89'1 907 92'9 95-3 97-2 99'2 100-2 977 
 
 87-5 
 
 24 
 
 91-1 88-5 86-3 85'3 84'6 83'3 83'2 83'2 83-0 82'6 82-3 81-8 81-3 81-2 84'8 88-3 91'0 92'3 94'3 95'8 977 1)9-5 100-9 97-7 
 
 88-3 
 
 25 
 
 92-3 91-2 87-3 85-7 84-7 84-5 84'3 83'8 82-8 82'6 825 82-3 82-1 82-2 83-5 86'8 88'8 92'5 94-5 97'0 99-4 99-2 94'0 93-8 
 
 88-2 
 
 26 
 
 92-0 88-6 85 4 84'8 83-9 84'5 85'0 82-9 83'0 82-3 81'6 81-0 80'4 81-3 83'8 86'6 89'3 91'3 92'9 95'6 96-9 98'2 91'3 89'2 
 
 87-2 
 
 27 
 
 87-9 85-7 82-6 827 82-2 81-8 81-8 81-3 81'3 80-8 80-4 80-4 80-3 80'3 81-3 86-6 89'0 91-3 93'5 94-4 96'4 96-9 93-1 90"! 
 
 85-9 
 
 28 
 
 88-3 86-4 85-2 84-4 83-9 84'0 84-1 837 837 82'4 81-2 80'8 80'4 SO'O 82-9 86-3 89*3 93-1 94-5 96-9 97-3 94'4 92'8 92-3 
 
 87-0 
 
 00 
 
 QO-fi SS-"? 85- r > 84-^! 84-2 8'-!-Q 8^-1 8^-2 82-8 - 
 
 
 wv 
 
 30 
 
 82-4 82-1 81-7 81-2 81-1 83-8 88'3 91'5 93'8 96-2 97'4 97'2 96 2 97'2 92'5 
 
 87-9 
 
 31 
 
 91-3 90-3 88-1 87-1 86-1 85-3 845 83-6 83-3 82-6 82'0 81-8 81-5 81-5 86'4 89'2 91-5 94'5 97'2 98'2 99-7 997 100-3 96'2 
 
 89-2 
 
 Means | 
 
 88-8 86-9 84-5 83-7 82-9 82-7 82'3 81'8 81-4 80-9 80-4 80'2 79-8 79'7 81'6 84-2 86'4 88'6 90'2 91-492-4 92'3 91-9 906 
 
 85-2 
 
 
 * # 
 
 
 1 
 
 93-4 90-2 85 5 84-5 84'0 83'5 83-3 82-6 82-5 82-4 82'3 82'2 82 83-3 86-3 89 3 921 94'3 96'2 97-2 95-4 94-3 93'4 921 
 
 88-0 
 
 2 
 
 89-8 87-9 851 84 6 84-4 84-4 83-9 83-3 83-2 82-8 82-5 82 9 83 2 84-3 86'8 89-3 92'3 95 96 2 99'3 101-2 103-0 96'1 91'5 
 
 88-9 
 
 3 
 
 81-5 81-3 82 5 82-7 82'5 82-8 82-8 82-3 82-1 81-0 80'0 80'0 79 9 80-1 81-3 84 3 89'2 90-8 91 8 93 8 95-2 97 2 97'6 95-0 
 
 857 
 
 4 
 
 90-5 87-7 87-4 845 84'3 83'3 83-1 81-5 80-1 80-3 80'6 800 79-3 79'5 81'0 83'5 88'3 91'3 94-1 95-1 960 97'4 98'1 991 
 
 86-9 
 
 5 
 
 94-7 89-5 85-6 84-5 84-4 84-0 837 83-3 82-5 
 
 r 
 
 6 
 
 81-4 80-4 79 9 79-3 79'9 83-2 873 89'9 91-3 946 97'4 98'2 96-2 95-4 95'1 
 
 87-6 
 
 7 
 
 94-5 91-1 85-7 84'5 84-0 82-5 82-9 82-5 82-0 811 80-3 79'0 777 78-3 82-4 87-2 90 3 92-9 95'5 97'6 997 MO-4 102-0 94"5 
 
 87-9 
 
 8 
 
 91-7 89-1 86-3 858 843 84-0 83-5 83-3 82-6 82'2 81-8 81'6 81'3 808 82-3 863 88'8 93'5 96-0 97-2 98-0 94-3 91'8 90'5 
 
 874 
 
 9 
 
 90-3 88-3 85-5 84-5 83-6 83'5 83'1 82-8 82'4 81-9 81-5 814 81'3 81-3 83-3 85'7 91-3 94-0 961 99-1 962 962 957 941 
 
 87-6 
 
 10 
 
 92-7 91-2 877 857 84-9 84-1 84-5 84-1 83-7 83-2 82'8 82 1 81'3 81'8 85-1 89-5 92-5 94-5 97'4 988 100-2 977 97-5 949 
 
 89'0 
 
 11 
 
 92-5 89-9 862 85-3 85-2 85-5 85-5 85-3 8-1-3 84-3 84-3 83'4 825 81 3 845 90'3 93'3 95-1 98-0 99-2 97-4 96 4 96'5 95-2 
 
 89'2 
 
 12 
 
 93-4 90-9 Sb-0 87 2 66-7 85-6 85-3 85-5 85-1 
 
 
 
 00 13 
 
 84-7 84-3 838 83-3 82-6 85-9 886 92-8 952 980 101'2 102-0 96-3 94-9 95-2 
 
 89-9 
 
 1 14 
 
 92-5 90-1 867 85-4 85'5 85-3 85'3 85-2 84-5 83'9 83-3 82'9 S2'5 82-4 865 908 94-4 960 980 99-2 100-2 101-2 95-3 95-2 
 
 897 
 
 15 
 
 90-5 87-6 85-5 857 85'3 84-5 84-3 8'2-7 81-7 81'9 82-1 82-1 820 813 82-3 84-5 876 89-2 91'3 90'3 90-1 908 89'9 891 
 
 85-9 
 
 W 16 
 
 87-5 85-7 84-6 844 84-4 84-1 83-9 83-3 82-5 82-6 82-7 825 822 82'1 82-3 83'9 87'2 89'3 91-8 94'3 943 962 915 902 
 
 864 
 
 fc 17 
 
 89-9 87-6 87-2 86-1 79-4 79~2 79-9 79-5 79-3 79-5 797 80'0 802 79-7 81-1 827 85-5 89'8 90-6 92'2 93'6 952 927 95'3 
 
 85'2 
 
 18 
 
 88-5 88-3 85-8 841 79'6 78-0 78-4 78-9 79-3 79-5 797 79-5 79-3 793 81-1 846 878 89-5 912 91-7 933 95-1 95-2 95-0 
 
 851 
 
 19 
 
 89-6 86-7 84-4 83 5 83-6 83-6 82-8 82-5 &2'4 
 
 
 20 
 
 82-7 83-1 82-8 82-5 81-3 829 87-0 89-3 903 923 94'3 95'2 98'2 982 97'2 
 
 87-3 
 
 21 
 
 91-3 88-8 85-5 83'6 83'3 83-3 83'5 83-3 82-5 821 818 81-6 813 81-5 82-9 85-0 87-1 893 915 943 956 967 954 947 
 
 86-9 
 
 22 
 
 89-1 87-2 86-1 84'8 84-1 83-1 81-8 81-3 82'6 82-9 83-3 829 82'4 81-3 82-5 861 89-1 903 923 94-3 94-7 95-2 95-5 89-9 
 
 868 
 
 23 
 
 87-6 85-1 84-0 835 83-2 83-3 83-5 83-1 83-1 81'9 80'7 80'0 79'3 78'5 81-9 86-8 89'9 91-3 934 95-2 97-2 98'4 98'9 909 
 
 867 
 
 24 
 
 87-5 87-1 85-3 84-1 84-1 83-3 83-3 83-1 821 82-0 82 80-9 79-8 79 9 85-0 88 1 90 1 92'3 93-3 95 7 97-0 98'4 99'5 93-5 
 
 87-4 
 
 25 
 
 91-0 87-9 85-2 84-5 84-5 84-1 83-8 83'4 83'2 831 83 83-6 84 2 83-1 84-4 87'5 90 1 92'3 93 3 95'3 99-0 100-0 96-3 93'0 
 
 882 
 
 26 
 
 91-8 89-0 86-2 84-8 84-2 831 82-8 83-1 82-8 - 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 82-8 828 82-0 81'2 807 84'9 883 91-0 93-3 94-3 94-5 94'4 94-3 94-0 93-0 
 
 87'5 
 
 28 
 
 91-7 89-3 86-5 85-5 851 85'0 84-5 84-0 83-6 83-1 82 7 82-8 82'8 82'3 83'6 872 91'0 941 962 98'2 100-0 101-7 97 7 92'3 
 
 888 
 
 29 
 
 91-3 89-6 87-2 86-1 85'4 84-5 84-1 83-6 82-9 83'9 84-9 837 82-5 82'3 83'3 88'3 91-2 92 (i 95 2 96'4 97'4 99'2 95-2 94'4 
 
 88-5 
 
 30 
 
 92-4 90-2 86-5 86-2 86 1 85-6 85'3 84'3 84'3 837 83'2 82-9 82'5 81'3 84'3 87"8 90'8 93-3 95'2 97-4 94-2 941 92 3 92'3 
 
 88-2 
 
 Memis 
 
 |907 88-4 85-9 84-8 841 83-6 83-4 83'0 82'6 82'3 821 81-8 81-4 81-2 83'5 86-9 901 92'3 94'4 961 96'8 971 95-6 93'5 
 
 87-6 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 127 
 
 DEY STANDARD THERMOMETER No. 7 
 iGorrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 10 11 12 13 14 15 1C 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h. in. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12,41 13.41 14.41 15.41 10. H 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Dailyand 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Means 
 
 oo 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 9 i 
 
 10! 
 11 
 
 12 
 13 
 '14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 201 
 
 22J 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 o o 
 
 91-8 89-0 
 
 92-6 89-5 
 
 94-3 90-0 
 
 89-3 88-2 
 
 87-7 86-2 
 
 88-3 86-2 
 
 91-5 89-2 
 
 90-1 88-6 
 
 90-1 86-5 
 
 92-3 90-1 
 91-3 90-3 
 90-3 88-3 
 79-6 79-4 
 90-o 86-6 
 87-3 861 
 
 94-5 93-0 
 
 91-3 90-5 
 
 92-7 90-1 
 
 92-3 90 3 
 
 90-3 88-8 
 
 94-2 92-7 
 
 93-1 89-8 
 90-1 89-3 
 89-4 88-6 
 87-7 86-2 
 87-6 85-9 
 
 o o 
 86-1 84-9 
 86-4 86-2 
 85-5 84-3 
 
 84-7 83-6 
 84-0 84-5 
 83-5 83-0 
 867 84-7 
 87-7 79-3 
 84-7 84-8 
 
 85-5 85-2 
 88-3 87-0 
 81-1 79-9 
 79-6 79-1 
 84-8 83-7 
 84-2 83-5 
 
 91-1 89-6 
 88-1 86-2 
 86-3 85-5 
 87-0 86-1 
 85-5 85-1 
 89-7 88-1 
 
 86-2 85-2 
 86-4 85-4 
 85-2 84-4 
 83-9 83-5 
 84-0 83-2 
 
 o 
 
 84-9 
 81-5 
 84-0 
 
 82-7 
 81-3 
 81-2 
 84-6 
 79-7 
 84-5 
 
 83-6 
 85-7 
 80-5 
 79-2 
 83-2 
 83-3 
 
 88-7 
 85-4 
 84-8 
 84-6 
 83-1 
 86-4 
 
 84-3 
 84-5 
 84-4 
 83-1 
 83-1 
 
 o 
 
 84-3 
 79-6 
 83-8 
 
 82-0 
 79-0 
 80-8 
 83-5 
 80-3 
 84-5 
 
 83-3 
 
 85'5 
 80-1 
 78-8 
 82-4 
 82'8 
 
 88-3 
 84-1 
 84-3 
 84-4 
 83-5 
 85-5 
 
 84-3 
 84-4 
 77-1 
 82-8 
 83-2 
 
 o 
 
 82-3 
 79-5 
 83-5 
 
 76-7 
 78-8 
 79-5 
 82-7 
 80-0 
 84-1 
 
 82-6 
 85-0 
 79-7 
 78-3 
 82-3 
 82-3 
 
 82-3 
 83-3 
 84-3 
 84-2 
 82-3 
 83-5 
 
 84-0 
 84-3 
 78-4 
 82-2 
 82-8 
 
 o 
 
 82-3 
 78-5 
 83-1 
 
 77-1 
 78-3 
 79-1 
 82-3 
 79-9 
 836 
 
 81-1 
 84-3 
 79-3 
 
 78-8 
 81-7 
 82-0 
 
 80'8 
 83-0 
 83-5 
 83-5 
 82-1 
 82-8 
 
 83-9 
 79'6 
 78-5 
 81-7 
 82-3 
 
 o 
 
 82-2 
 79-9 
 83-1 
 
 77-3 
 
 78-4 
 787 
 81-9 
 80-3 
 83-3 
 
 80-7 
 83-5 
 78-5 
 79-2 
 79-2 
 81-9 
 
 81-5 
 82-5 
 82-3 
 82-8 
 81-5 
 82-1 
 
 83-1 
 
 79-8 
 78'5 
 81-5 
 82-8 
 
 ooooooooooooooo 
 81-1 80-0 79'8 79-5 79'5 82'0 857 89'8 92'5 95-2 97'0 984 94 5 93'8 92-6 
 78-8 77-8 77-3 76'8 77'2 77'5 79-1 81'8 85-3 87'8 90'3 91-1 92-3 94'2 94'2 
 
 80-0 76-9 77-1 77'3 77'3 787 80'5 831 86'3 88'3 91-3 90-6 91-5 941 94-2 
 
 78-1 78-9 787 78'5 77'8 79-4 821 871 87'4 89'3 92'2 931 93'8 881 87-4 
 
 78-9 79-5 79-3 79'0 79'2 79'6 81'2 83'5 86'5 881 89'2 89'6 897 89-8 90'0 
 
 79-3 80-0 79-9 79'8 80'0 80'0 80'5 82'3 841 861 86'9 881 88'5 89-5 89'6 
 
 81-5 81-2 80-5 79-8 79'9 801 84'9 87'8 89'3 91-8 92-0 92-6 94-2 95-2 92'8 
 
 80-2 801 80-3 80-4 80'3 81-8 86'3 88'3 90'3 90'9 931 95-4 957 97'0 90'3 
 
 82-0 80-8 81-0 81-2 80'2 821 861 88'5 891 89-5 901 90'8 91-9 92'6 92-7 
 
 80-8 81-0 80-7 80-4 80'8 81'3 83'3 85'6 88-5 89-3 91-2 911 91'3 92-2 921 
 
 83-4 833 831 82'8 82'0 82'4 84'3 8fr3 891 91 '6 92'5 93'3 93'3 941 937 
 
 78-9 79-3 79-3 79'2 79'3 801 81'9 85'5 87'5 89-3 92-3 92-5 92'9 94'2 917 
 
 78-8 78 4 78-3 78'2 78'3 79'3 82'3 851 86'5 89'2 89'5 90'3 91-3 92~3 92-7 
 
 79-3 79-5 79-5 79-4 801 80'3 82-2 83'8 84-3 86'3 87'2 87-5 88'3 88'3 881 
 
 82-4 83-0 82-6 82-2 82-0 821 83'3 861 88'3 90'3 93'2 94'3 93'8 95'3 961 
 
 81-9 82-3 82-2 82'0 82-3 82'5 83'3 85'3 88'3 89'3 90'5 92-5 93'3 92'3 92'2 
 
 82-4 82-3 82-3 82'3 81'8 82'5 84r3 86'8 89'5 fcO-5 93'3 95'4 96-4 97'2 94-8 
 
 80-9 79-6 79-7 79-7 80'3 83'2 85'8 86'3 89'3 92'3 94'3 95'2 96'4 98'4 951 
 
 81-8 80-8 80-9 81'0 81'2 82'8 84'2 89'3 91'3 94'2 93'3 94'2 95'5 95'3 95'2 
 
 80-9 80-4 80-4 80'4 80'3 81'3 83'8 87'3 88'5 89'7 92'3 961 961 961 94'3 
 
 82-5 83-0 82-5 82'0 81'8 833 87'0 87'3 89-5 91'3 92'3 94'8 961 98'5 78'9 
 82-6 821 81-2 80'3 79'4 82'^ 86'0 88'3 91'6 93'5 961 981 95'5 931 90'8 
 80-3 80-8 80-7 80'6 801 80'5 83'3 85'3 87-3 90'3 92'3 93'3 94'3 94'0 901 
 78-0 77-6 77-5 77'3 77'5 78'3 801 83'3 87'2 87'3 891 911 91-5 91'6 88'8 
 80-9 80-3 80-2 80'0 79'3 79 3 79'6 80'3 82'9 86'8 88'5 921 92'3 89'6 87'8 
 81-5 80-3 80-2 801 79'8 80'3 80'3 79'5 79'6 .80'3 81'3 837 85'3 861 85'3 
 
 o 
 
 87-0 
 84-0 
 
 85-0 
 83-9 
 83-4 
 831 
 
 86-3 
 
 857 
 
 86-0 
 85-6 
 87-3 
 84-2 
 82-6 
 837 
 
 86-2 
 871 
 87-3 
 871 
 87-3 
 86-3 
 
 88-2 
 87-3 
 857 
 83-4 
 83-9 
 82-4 
 
 Means ] 90'4 88'4 85'6 84'5 83'6 82'8 81-9 81'3 81-0 807 80'4 80'2 80'0 79'9 80'9 831 85'5 877 89-6 91-2 92-5 92-9 93-2 92'0| 85'4 
 
 July 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 CO 
 
 00 
 
 i-H 
 
 H 
 
 02 
 
 12 
 
 841 83-3 811 80-4 801 60'3 79'3 79'3 79'3 
 --------- 76-6 73-9 74-3' 74-6 74-8 75-3 77-5 82-8 S4.-8 87-2 88-3 89-5 91-3 91-5 
 
 88-0 87-3 83-6 82'5 821 821 81'8 81'3 80'5 
 
 88-5 85-3 81-6 80'5 79'4 79'4 81'3 81'3 79'3 
 
 88-2 86-9 831 82'5 82 5 82'5 79'3 79 3 77'5 
 
 84-6 82-8 80-2 801 797 79'3 79-3 791 78'9 
 
 89-3 87-5 85-2 84'2 825 82-3 821 817 80'9 
 
 861 81-3 78-8 791 78-3 77-8 77'8 77-5 77'5 
 
 901 88-9 85-2 84'6 83 1 81'3 81-0 80'8 80'3 
 
 95-3 941 89 8 87'5 87'4 86'6 861 85-5 85'0 
 
 88-3 84-5 831 831 82-2 82'3 82'3 81-3 
 
 87-3 84-6 841 83'5 83'5 83'3 82-6 82-0 
 
 86-8 84-6 84-0 83'4 82 8 826 82-3 821 
 
 86-5 841 83-4 82 6 82-3 81'9 81-5 fcO'8 
 
 87-8 85-9 84-6 84'5 83-6 83 3 83-6 82-8 
 
 86-5 85-2 83-6 83'4 82'8 83'3 82-5 82'3 
 
 87 1 85-0 84-3 83'5 831 82'3 821 81'8 
 86-5 85-3 84-2 84'0 831 83'0 82-0 82'0 
 
 88 5 85-5 851 841 83'3 83'0 82'8 82'2 
 86-5 84-5 84-2 83'5 837 82'8 82'3 81'5 
 
 886 
 934 
 13| 90 3 
 14! 88'0 
 
 15 - 
 
 16 89-6 
 
 17 88-8 
 
 18 887 
 
 19 90-5 
 
 20 90-9 
 2l! 887 
 22| - 
 23| 89-3 
 24 88-6 
 25 ! 90-2 
 26' 90-4 
 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 87 4 851 84-3 83'6 83-5 
 86 8 851 84-4 84'0 83-3 
 87-5 85-2 84-6 83'8 83-5 
 88-8 85-4 85-2 84'4 83'5 
 89-9 88-0 85-5 84'5 84'2 83'8 
 91-3 88-8 86-3 85'3 84-3 841 
 
 90-3 87-2 831 83'3 837 83 3 
 96-4 837 84-5 84'6 847 84-3 
 
 83-0 
 82-8 
 83-2 
 837 
 837 
 84-0 
 
 831 
 
 837 
 
 82-8 
 82-5 
 82-5 
 83-3 
 83-4 
 84-0 
 
 81-3 
 82-5 
 
 82-6 
 82-0 
 821 
 82-5 
 83-0 
 83-5 
 
 78-3 
 81-8 
 
 79-4 78-3 77-9 77-5 77'5 78'6 81'0 84-8 86'5 88'5 891 90'3 91'3 92'4 91'0 
 
 77-4 75'6 761 76'5 76'8 77'3 78'5 82'0 85'5 871 88'5 89'3 897 89'5 89'6 
 
 77-5 77-5 77-4 77'3 78'0 79'3 81'5 831 84'3 85'8 87'8 88'3 90'4 91'3 91'4 1 
 
 787 78-5 78-3 78'0 78'0 78'5 80'3 82'3 85'3 86'9 88'3 90-3 90-3 901 90'0 
 
 801 79-3 79-3 79'3 79'3 797 80'5 82'5 86'2 88'3 90'3 90-5 911 90 3 90-3 
 
 78-4 79-3 79-2 79'0 78'5 79'3 821 84'3 861 881 89-5 90'5 90'3 90'0 91-3 
 
 801 80-0 797 79-3 79'3 811 841 86'5 881 89'6 91'8 93-3 94~8 95-2 95'3 
 
 83-5 82-0 817 81"4 80'0 Sl'5 84-5 87-3 891 90'2 91-8 92'5 95'4 967 911 
 
 81-0 80-8 801 79-3 791 79-3 81-3 83-5 861 86'8 88'5 90'5 91'5 93'3 92'9 
 
 821 82-2 81-3 S0'3 80'5 80'0 82'3 851 87'3 89'3 90-4 92'5 95'2 95'2 94'3 
 
 811 801 79-6 79-0 78-9 80 80'4 81'8 83'3 85'2 86'5 921 92'3 88'8 881 
 
 80-4 80-0 79-9 79'8 79'8 81-3 84 -9 87'8 89'3 91'5 93'5 951 94'9 92-5 92-4 j 
 
 82-9 83-0 81-5 80'0 79'2 79'0 79'3 80'3 82'3 85-1 88'3 91-5 92'5 91'3 90-5: 
 
 82-0 817 80-9 80'0 81-0 82 3 85'3 87'6 88'5 90'6 92'3 92'5 90'8 91-0 901 
 
 81-4 81-0 80-4 79-8 796 80-:i 81-9 84'3 87'2 91'5 94'3 92'3 93'2 91-3 90'6 
 
 81-6 81-3 80-8 80-3 801 81'3 84-3 87'2 89'8 911 94'2 93'9 91'8 92'5 92-3! 
 
 81-8 81-5 81-0 80 5 801 80'8 84'8 88'3 90 5 91"8 93'3 92'3 93'5 92-3 90'3 | 
 
 81-4 81-3 80 9 80-5 80'3 81'3 851 871 90'3 92-5 947 93'5 93 3 92'6 90'6 ' 
 81-9 81-3 80-3 79-2 77 9 79-2 82'5 86'9 89'4 90'8 92'3 92'3 92'3 90-3 89'0 
 81-5 811 80-3 79-5 79'3 805 84-3 86'3 891 91'3 93'3 95'0 97'3 94'2 92'3 
 81'4 80-8 80-6 80-3 79'3 81'3 85'3 881 90 1 91-8 90'5 9V3 93'3 92'6 91'5 
 82-5 82-5 feO-4 78'3 78'5 80-0 841 85'9 891 90'2 91'5 92'3 92'3 921 921 
 82-5 82-0 81-4 80'8 80'3 821 84'8 86'5 891 90'5 92'5 94'4 94'0 93'5 931 
 
 82 9 82-3 817 811 80'8 82'3 861 88'5 91"2 93'2 94'3 97'0 97'6 91-8 901 
 78-8 79-3 78-9 78'5 77'6 78-3 82'3 86'3 87'3 89'3 92'8 93'3 95'2 967 97'0 
 80-8 79-8 797 79-6 78-3 82'0 86-3 88'3 90'4 92'3 94'3 92'8 93-3 92-891'3 
 
 81-6 
 83-9 
 82-3 
 83-0 
 
 82-4 
 84-3 
 
 82-5 
 856 
 87-8 
 84-6 
 85-9 
 84-0' 
 
 85-6 
 84-7 
 85-6 
 85-3 
 86-0 
 86-2 
 
 86-0 
 85-3 
 86-0 
 85-9 
 858 
 86-4 
 
 87-2 
 85-2 
 86-2 
 
 Means | 89'6 86'9 84'4 83'6 831 82'H 82'3 81-9 81'3 80'7 80'2 79-8 89'2 89-0 80-1 82-8 85-4 87-6 89-5 91'2 82-2 82'9 82-3 81'4| 85'0 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 DRY STANDARD THERMOMETER No. 7 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Gottinpron 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 34 507 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1C 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Dftilyand 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h.m. "li. m. h.m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h.m. h.m. h. m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 0.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 . 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 S.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Moans 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 90-3 87-4 85-8 84-9 847 84-3 83-6 827 81'2 80'8 80'5 80-0 79-5 79-5 80-3 83-5 86'3 901 92-1 95'2 94'8 97-5 94'5 92-6 
 90-3 88-3 867 857 847 84-5 84-3 84'8 84-8 83'5 82'3 807 79'0 78'9 79'8 81'6 85'4 891 91-1 93-0 95'2 95'4 94'6 94-3 
 90-5 84-0 84-0 83-4 82-1 81-3 81-1 8M 80-5 80'5 80'6 8G'0 79-3 79-3 80'3 82'3 84-4 87'8 89-1 91-1 88-3 88'6 88'1 86'8 
 Hfi-'-i 84-4 837 837 83-2 8S-3 83-2 R9-A 82-2 
 
 O 
 
 86-3 
 86-6 
 83-9 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 10 
 1 1 
 
 79-1 76-0 76-2 76-3 76-6 77'3 79'6 83'5 85'5 88-5 90'8 92'5 92'3 91-5 79-3 
 79-1 80-3 79-9 79-2 79-1 79-5 80-0 79'8 79-5 78-5 77'5 77-0 76-5 75-8 76'3 767 78'4 81-3 83'5 86'3 87-5 88-3 87'6 87-6 
 857 84-0 83-0 81'8 80'4 80-5 80-1 78-3 78-1 77'4 767 76-3 75'8 757 76-5 771 77'3 79'4 80'3 82'5 83-4 83'3 84-0 82-8 
 82-0 80-9 80-2 797 79'6 78'9 78-5 781 77'0 767 76'5 767 76-8 77'0 77-3 77'0 75-5 76 3 79'6 831 83'8 83-3 82-8 82-6 
 82-5 817 80-8 80'0 801 797 79-3 79'3 79'3 7'8 78'4 77-9 77'3 78'0 79'3 81'3 84'3 84'5 85'4 86'3 87'3 86-5 87-3 871 
 87-6-847 83-5 82'4 821 81'8 811 80-5 79'6 79-3 79-1 78'8 78-5 781 79-3 80'2 83-4 871 88-5 89'6 91-3 92-6 92'5 92'6 
 Q9O QO-0 87-Q 8V4, SI- 1 ? 84,-^ 8 -; ?-7 83-3 82-fi 
 
 83-2 
 80-6 
 80-0 
 79-2 
 81-8 
 83-9 
 
 00 
 
 gg 12 
 ^ 13 
 tf 14 
 
 15 
 16 
 W 17 
 6-1 18 
 
 - 81-0 79-5 79-6 79-6 79'5 80'3 81'3 821 85'4 86'3 86'3 871 88'3 877 87'5 
 871 85-5 84-2 83-1 81-2 801 80'0 79-8 79-5 807 82'0 80'8 79'6 79-5 80-4 82'0 84'2 83-6 871 88-4 90-3 S9'4 88'8 891 
 90-0 87-3 85-6 84'4 81-1 80'2 811 80-1 80-1 807 81-3 807 80'0 79'5 79'8 80'9 82'5 85'5 877 90'3 91-6 89-5 90'4 90'0 
 86-2 84-2 83-7 82-9 82-5 82-3 81'9 80-8 80-5 80'4 80-3 80'3 80'2 79'8 81'0 83-3 85'3 871 891 90'5 92'4 94'3 94-3 94'3 
 89'5 85-7 84-5 841 84'1 83-8 83'8 83-5 831 82'0 81-0 80-2 793 79-2 80'2 81'3 83'8 86'3 88'4 89'5 91-5 92'3 931 90-5 
 87 5 86-2 84-5 841 83'5 83'5 82'3 81-7 79'8 78-6 77'5 77-4 77'3 77'6 78'3 79-5 83'0 85-8 87'3 88'4 891 90'0 91-3 92'2 
 Ql <f l 88-4, 871 89 ". 89'4, 89-S 89-1 81-7 81-2 
 
 84-4 
 83-6 
 % 84-2 
 84-9 
 85-0 
 83-6 
 
 0. J.O 
 
 19 
 > 2 o 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 - 81-3 81-5 81-4 81-3 81'3 82-3 83'8 84'3 S6'2 87'6 88'3 90'3 91-0 90'9 91-0 
 89-9 88-4 85-2 84'5 83-8 83-3 82'5 82-2 82'2 81-3 80'4 79'4 78'3 781 79-0 81-9 83'6 85-3 86-5 881 88'3 91-3 92'5 93'4 
 91-4 86-0 84-3 83-2 82'9 82'5 82-3 82'2 81-2 80'9 807 80'0 79-3 78'5 79-3 81'6 84-3 86'3 881 891 91-3 91-3 93'3 891 
 87-8 85-5 84 3 83'3 82'8 82'3 821 81-5 80'8 80'5 80-3 797 79-0 78-0 79-3 81-9 84'4 86'5 88'3 89-5 90'8 90'8 90'8 89'3 
 87-5 86-0 83-3 83-3 83-2 82-5 82-3 82'0 81'3 80-8 80-3 797 791 77-8 791 83'2 85'3 87'3 89'4 90'3 92'4 93'3 90'8 89'6 
 88-8 84-9 83-9 85'2 84'8 82'5 82-3 821 82'0 811 80-3 79'8 79-3 79'0 79-9 821 84-3 87'5 90'3 91'8 931 92'3 91-5 891 
 88-3 85-2 H3-8 83-2 827 82-3 82'3 81-3 80'9 - 
 79-7 78-6 78-4 78-2 78-5 80'3 84-3 86'3 88-4 88'8 90'8 92'8 90'2 89'6 89'2 
 88-1 85-3 84-2 83'5 83-4 83-3 82'6 81-3 80'8 80-2 79-6 79'2 78-8 78'8 79'5 84'8 86-5 89 3 90-6 91'4 91-8 91 3 90'4 89'0 
 87-8 85-4 84-3 837 837 83-3 83'0 &2'2 81 -3 80'3 79'3 78'8 78'3 787 80'3 84-5 86'3 87-3 89'2 90'8 90'8 90'6 90'3 88'5 
 87-3 84-5 83-5, 83'2 82'7 82-5 82-2 821 81-9 80-9 800 79'2 78-3 78'0 80'3 83-5 86'3 89-0 90'6 i*2 6 91-2 90'3 90'5 89'3 
 87-4 84-7 83-9 83'5 831 83'1 82'5 82-3 821 82'0 82-0 81'2 80-3 801 81-5 851 88'3 90'5 92'1 92-3 92-3 91-8 91'3 90'0 
 
 851 
 84-6 
 84-5 
 841 
 84-6 
 84-9 
 
 84-3 
 84-7 
 84-5 
 84-6 
 85-6 
 
 Means 
 
 87-8 85-3 84-1 83'2 82'6 82'2 81'9 81-4 80'9 80'3 79'7 79'2 787 78'5 79-5 81-7 83'8 861 87 9 89-5 90'4 90'6 90-4 891 
 
 84-0 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 87-9 851 84-2 837 83'3 82'8 82'5 82-3 82'0 81-6 81'2 80-4 79'5 79'3 81-3 85'5 87'8 89'3 89'4 90'2 90-3 89'3 891 88'5 
 868 84-4 83- *> 8S-3 8S1 82-8 82-1 81-7 81-7 
 
 84-9 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 
 
 80-2 787 78-2 77'6 77'3 797 83'5 85'8 88'3 91-3 92-3 91-8 91-3 90'5 89-5 
 88-2 85-2 84-0 83'6 827 81-8 817 81'4 811 80'5 80'0 79-3 78 5 78'0 79-3 84-3 85-1 88-5 90'3 90'8 88'5 89'3 89-0 87'8 
 86-3 84-1 83-5 83'2 831 82-3 82'3 81-8 81-4 807 80'0 79'3 78'6 78'3 79-3 81-3 83-3 841 83'2 80-9 81-8 83'3 82-3 811 
 80-4 79-5 79-0 78'6 78'5 78%5 78'5 781 78'1 78-1 782 781 78-0 77-6 77'3 77-4 771 76-3 75-3 75-5 75-5 74-4 74-4 741 
 74-1 73-8 75-3 77'0 78'4 79'5 79'5 79-5 79-2 791 79'0 79'3 79'5 791 78-3 80 2 811 821 82-3 833 82-5 83'6 84-3 83'6 
 82'9 80-9 80-2 79'8 797 79-5 79-5 79-3 79'5 79'6 797 78'9 78'0 77'6 78'0 80-6 83'3 85-3 86'6 86'3 86'8 86-3 871 85'8 
 84-5 82-fi 817 81-4 8O r > 7Q- C > 79-S 78- t i 78-" 1 ! 
 
 84-4 
 841 
 81-9 
 77-4 
 797 
 817 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 1 B 
 
 2 14 
 
 rt 15 
 W 16 
 
 ------ 77-1 75-9 75-2 74-5 74'3 73 5 73'8 74'2 74'2 74'0 751 77'3 78'3 77'3 76'9 
 77-0 77-0 76-5 76'4 75'6 75-3 75-4 75'5 75'5 75'5 75'5 75-3 75'0 75'3 761 781 81'3 84'3 85-3 86'3 87'3 85'8 84'8 84'5 
 83-3 81-5 811 807 80-5 80-8 80'8 79-3 787 78'2 777 77'4 771 76-3 78'0 80-8 83-3 84'8 86'3 86'8 87'5 86'3 86-1 86'3 
 84-6 82-8 82-3 81'3 80-5 80'2 79'5 79-5 78'5 78'9 79'3 79'3 79'3 781 781 80'2 80'5 80'8 77'2 78'8 79-5 82'3 82-3 81-9 
 81-5 80-2 79-5 77'3 77'3 77'3 77'3 76-8 76-2 76-5 76'8 76'4 75-9 75'8 77'3 79-5 80'8 82'5 841 b07 811 78'6 78-3 791 
 79-9 79'4 787 78'5 77'8 77'8 77'7 77-3 75-6 75'4 75'3 75'3 75-3 75-8 77'3 79-1 81-2 82-3 84-2 83-8 84'6 84-3 84'8 83-4 
 8S' 1 * 81 '2 80-3 80-'} 78-9 78-fi 78- -: i 78-1 77-7 
 
 77-4 
 78-9 
 81-6 
 80-2 
 78-6 
 79-4 
 
 W 77 
 
 O 17 
 
 H 18 
 O -iq 
 
 o 
 
 20 
 21 
 
 22 
 23 
 
 _ _ _ 77-9 781 77-9 777 77'3 78-3 79-3 80'8 83-3 84-3 79-3 82'8 84-3 841 84'2 
 831 81-2 80-5 79-5 79'4 78'4 78'2 77'6 77'5 77'4 77'3 76'4 75-5 75'3 76-5 79-3 80'6 82'3 83-8 83'8 861 86'3 81-5 831 
 82-6 81-5 81-2 80'9 801 791 78'2 781 77'8 77'0 7'6'3 761 75-8 75'8 76-8 791 821 84'3 85'3 85'3 85-3 843 84-0 83'5 
 82-0 81-2 79-2 79'0 77'5 77'2 77'2 771 771 767 76'3 75'9 7-5-5 75'3 767 79-2 80'3 82'8 83-8 84-0 84-3 84-3 83'3 821 
 81-1 79-3 79-5 791 787 78'0 77'6 77'2 76'9 76'7 76'5 74'0 71-5 70-4 70- 1 697 70'2 70'4 707 72-6 72'9 72'6 73-4 73'6 
 73-8 73-6 73-6 73'6 73'4 73'9 74-4 74'4 74-4 73-5 72'7 73'2 737 74'9 74'4 75-2 74'4 76'2 781 79'0 78'9 79'5 79'4 78'6 
 78'2 767 76'4 761 7V3 7^-2 7^-0 7 5 >-0 74.-fi 
 
 80-3 
 80-0 
 80-4 
 79-5 
 74-7 
 75-3 
 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 -------- 75-0 75-5 75-4 75-3 75'3 75-6 78'2 80'8 83'0 83-3 84-6 84'3 83-3 82-9 82-5 
 81-9 79-5 78-5 77 8 77-5 76'5 77'0 76'5 76-8 77'0 77'3 77-3 77'3 76'8 76'2 76-6 77'5 77'5 78-8 81-8 84'2 83'0 82-3 82'3 
 81-4 797 78-9 77'7 77'2 76'4 75'5 75'3 74-6 74-5 74'4 74-4 74'3 741 751 78'0 80-3 82'2 82'6 84-5 85 8 86-1 84'8 84-0 
 81-9 80-0 791 77-6 76'0 74'4 73'4 73-2 72'4 72"4 72'4 72-5 72-6 73-0 74'2 77-3 80'3 82'2 84'3 85'3 84-5 85'3 85'4 84-3 
 82-9 80-9 797 791 78-5 76'5 75'3 75'0 74-4 74'3 74-2 74'1 73-9 73'4 744 77"7 79'8 821 84-3 84-3 84'8 84'3 83'6 83-3 
 81-6 801 79-5 79-0 78-6 781 77'5 767 75'8 74'9 74-1 74'2 74-3 74-3 75-9 78'5 80'8 82 3 84-2 84'3 85'3 84-5 84'3 83'5 
 82-5 80'6 80'1 80'0 79 - 4 78-9 76'4 75'8 74'8 
 
 78-2 
 78-7 
 78-8 
 78-1 
 78-8 
 79-3 
 
 31 
 
 75-8 76-9 76-7 76-5 76'5 77'3 801 83-3 86-3 85-3 85-8 86-3 86-6 85-7 84-3 
 
 80-5 
 
 Means 
 
 | 821 80-5 79-8 79'4 78'9 78'4 781 77'7 77'3 77'1 76'9 76-6 76'2 761) 76-7 78'9 80'6 82'2 83O 83'3 83'8 83'7 83'3 82-8 
 
 797 
 
 
 * The numbers in those columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 129 
 
 
 DRY THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 7 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Gottmgen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 Hadraa 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. b. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h m h m 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 18.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Means 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 R 
 
 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 
 
 81-8 791 79-9 801 79'3 79-3 78'8 78'8 78'8 78'3 77'8 767 75'6 751 76'6 80'3 83'8 84'3 85'8 86-2 85"9 84-8 847 83'2 
 82-2 807 80-3 801 79'4 79'4 79'3 77'8 76'3 76'0 757 75'5 75'3 75'3 761 78'2 78'5 81-3 82'8 82-8 82-3 82'8 83-5 83'0 
 81-8 80 1 79-9 79-3 79'3 791 78'6 7l5'8 76'5 75-9 75-3 74'0 72 6 73'2 73 5 76"8 80'3 82'3 82'5 83'3 83'3 83'3 82'4 821 
 Sl-8 807 80-3 80-0 791 79'3 79'2 79-2 76'2 76'2 76-3 76'3 76'3 76 2 76'0 77"8 79'2 79'5 771 77-3 79'3 81'3 81'9 81'2 
 79 75-9 771 761 761 77'5 77'3 76'8 78'5 78'6 78'8 78'6 78'3 78"6 79'9 81'5 83'3 83'9 84'3 851 85'3 851 84-2 837 
 go.t; S0'9 SO 3 70'6 79'3 78'8 77'5 77' 76'6 
 
 O 
 
 80-6 
 79-4 
 78-8 
 787 
 801 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 1 i| 
 
 76-5 76-5 757 74'9 74'5 761 78'3 81'6 83'4 84'3 84-2 83-2 83"5 83-2 82'5 
 81-8 79-9 79-4 79'2 78'8 78'2 781 77'5 77'3 76'8 76'3 75-5 74-6 74'3 74'9 78'8 80'2 81'8 82'3 82'5 83'0 831 82-3 811 
 80-3 78-5 78-3 78'2 777 77'5 77'3 76'8 75-8 75-6 75'5 73'9 72-3 711 717 76'3 79'3 81'3 81-3 82'2 82 3 82'2 81-8 81-3 
 80-3 791 78-2 777 777 78'0 78'0 78-4 78'3 77'0 75'8 75'5 75'2 74 5 75'2 76'3 80 3 81'3 82'3 82-5 79'5 81'3 78'5 77 2 
 78-6 78-6 78-4 78-4 78'4 78'5 78'2 77-5 76'2 757 75'3 757 76-0 77 8 77'6 78'8 79'8 81'3 80-9 821 81'9 82-3 80 6 80 3 
 79-8 781 76-4 76'4 77-5 77'5 76'2 75-6 74-4 73'2 721 717 71-2 711 721 75'2 77'3 79-5 803 811 81-3 81'5 81-3 80'6 
 79'3 77'5 77'0 76'5 76'5 76'5 76'8 76'5 75'8 
 
 79-6 
 791 
 77-9 
 78-3 
 787 
 767 
 
 tf 14 
 W 15 
 2 16 
 W 17 
 > 18 
 
 i 19 
 20 
 
 76-0 76-2 76-5 767 76'5 761 75'2 75'3 76'3 76'6 76'3 77-2 78'3 75'3 74'9 
 74-4 71-8 71-9 72-5 72'5 72'4 72-4 72'3 72-3 72-6 72'9 73'2 73'4 737 74-9 76'2 771 76-5 74-2 761 75'2 75'6 75'3 781 
 75-5 757 75-3 75'0 72'9 72'9 72'9 71-4 71-6 721 72'6 73'4 741 74'0 75'3 761 77'3 781 79'5 811 801 801 79'3 77'5 
 781 78-0 777 74-4 751 74'8 74'4 74'6 75'6 75-4 75'3 76'3 77'2 75'5 75'8 76'6 77'8 81-2 80'5 81'3 81'3 811 80'3 801 
 79-4 78-4 78-3 77'9 77-8 77'3 77'6 77'9 77'3 76-8 76'4 76'8 77-2 77'8 75'8 79'2 80'0 81-5 81-3 81'3 81'6 80'8 80'6 801 
 79-8 79-2 79-0 79'0 78'9 78'8 78"8 78-3 78'2 781 78'0 77'3 76-5 74'5 77-3 77'6 79'0 77'8 77'3 771 73'8 761 74-6 73'9 
 73'3 71 - 6 73'3 73-5 75 - 5 751 74 - 6 75' 77 3 
 
 76-5 
 741 
 75-6 
 77-4 
 787 
 77-5 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 
 76-8 76-3 75-8 75-3 75'3 751 76 7 77'3 801 80-4 80'8 81-2 81'4 81-9 81'3 
 79-5 78-3 77-6 77-5 77'3 76'5 761 75'5 75-3 75-9 76'6 76-5 76-3 76'0 76'5 77-3 81'9 81'9 82'3 781 807 82-3 81'6 81'5 
 79-3 79-3 78-3 77-6 77-5 77-3 77-0 76'0 751 75'0 74'9 75'2 75'5 75'8 75'0 76'3 791 81'3 827 82-8 83'3 831 821 81'2 
 80-6 80-0 79-3 791 78'8 78'3 77'9 77'3 76'8 76-8 76'8 76'6 76-4 77'3 77'3 79-3 80'8 81'3 82'3 84-2 84'8 84'8 82'3 79'0 
 78-8 78-3 781 781 78-4 761 76'3 76'5 76'4 76'8 77'2 77-3 77-3 77'3 77'2 77'3 771 79-9 80'8 82-8 83'3 82'3 81-6 811 
 
 78-5 77-3 77-3 77-3 77'2 76-5 75-8 75'3 75'3 74-3 73-4 73'4 73-4 73-5 73'4 74-4 76 3 76'8 797 79-3 811 79-9 777 78 1 
 77.0 75.5 7g-l 7g.g 77.3 77.5 7g.g 7g .4, 7g.g _ 
 
 76-9 
 783 
 78-4 
 79-5 
 78-6 
 76-5 
 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 - 73-4 70-6 70-2 697 69-6 70'6 71-6 74'9 76'2 77-3 78-3 791 787 77-5 77'3 
 75-6 747 75-2 74-6 73-8 73-6 73-6 731 72-6 72-5 72'4 72-9 73-3 72-6 72-5 73-2 75'3 76-9 77'5 78-8 801 &0-3 797 79-2 
 78-2 77-3 77-3 76-4 75-8 75'3 751 73-9 73'3 73-2 73'2 73-5 737 72'6 731 73'5 75'3 78-0 78'6 797 80'3 80'8 797 78'7 
 
 75-2 
 75-2 
 761 
 
 Means 
 
 791 77-9 777 77'4 77'2 77-0 767 76-3 75-9 75-6 75'3 75'2 74-9 74-8 75-2 76-9 78'8 801 80-6 811 81'2 81-4 80-5 79-9 
 
 | 77-8 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 77-9 77-9 77-5 77'4 77'2 761 75'3 74'9 73'5 73*2 72'9 73*0 731 72'4 72'6 74'3 76'5 78'5 801 80'3 81-2 805 81'3 79'5 
 791 77-5 77-0 76'5 76 1 75'3 74'0 73'6 73'4 73'0 727 72-5 72 3 721 72'2 74'4 76'3 77-9 79-3 80'2 81'0 80'4 80'6 79'5 
 78 4 767 75-9 75 3 74'9 74'4 73'9 72'6 71-0 70'8 70'6 70'2 697 70'4 711 73'4 761 78'4 78'6 79'5 79'4 79'8 79'6 791 
 78'3 76' 747 741 731 7-4 70'3 694 69' 
 
 76-5 
 761 
 75-0 
 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 68-4 676 67-6 67'5 67'5 673 70'4 74-6 771 77'8 78'3 78'4 78'4 78 5 77'3 
 76-8 75-3 74-3 741 73'6 72'4 72'4 72'4 70'3 69'0 67'8 677 67'5 67'2 68-2 72'0 73'4 75'3 76'5 77'8 77'5 77'4 78'5 77'8 
 76-5 75-5 74-5 747 747 745 74'4 73'8 73'2 72'3 71'4 70'8 70'2 701 711 72'4 75'3 769 76'9 77'8 78'0 78'3 77'3 773 
 76-4 76-0 757 75'6 75'6 761 76'0 76'5 76'3 761 76-0 75'8 75'6 75'3 74'4 751 761 79'0 800 79'6 806 80'0 801 783 
 78-2 77-3 76-6 76-5 76'2 763 76'3 761 757 75'5 75-3 74-4 73'4 729 72-3 77'0 77'6 79-3 79-3 795 79'4 79'3 79'3 791 
 778 76-3 75-3 75'3 747 74-6 74-2 731 71-4 70'6 69"9 697 695 68'9 697 73'9 765 78'3 78'4 793 79-3 79'4 78'3 78'0 
 771 757 71.-3 73-6 73'6 73-4 7-6 71'6 70'9 
 
 731 
 731 
 
 74-5 
 76-9 
 76-8 
 
 747 
 
 oo 12 
 
 O -t o 
 
 co lo 
 14 
 
 PH 15 
 
 16 
 S 17 
 W 18 
 
 71'0 71-2 71-0 707 69'6 69'4 70'9 73'4 761 76-3 76'5 77'5 77'3 77'2 77'2 
 76-5 75-3 74-4 74'2 73-8 72'2 71'2 71'0 69'4 69'4 69-4 69'0 68 6 68'3 68'2 70 6 73'4 76-3 77-4 77-3 78'3 78'3 77'8 76'5 
 76-3 75-:-! 74-6 74'4 74-4 73'6 72 2 71-4 707 70'9 71'2 71'3 71-3 71'4 71-4 73'3 74-9 77'8 77-8 78'0 78'3 77'8 78 1 77'5 
 76-8 76-5 76-3 76'3 76'3 75-8 75'5 74-6 71'9 717 715 71-0 704 70'2 70'4 71-5 74'5 77'2 77'3 781 786 786 78'3 77'9 
 77-3 75-5 75-2 74'6 74'4 74-6 74-2 73'2 707 70'8 70'9 71-2 71-4 708 707 72'6 75-0 76'3 77'3 78'3 78-4 78'3 78'5 781 
 76-3 75-3 74-0 74'0 734 72-4 71-4 704 69'6 69'5 694 69'4 69'4 687 688 71'3 73-9 76'4 78-3 78-4 79'5 80'3 801 79'5 
 77'6 75'8 75'3 73 6 71'6 71-0 701 70'4 70'' 
 
 737 
 73-2 
 74-3 
 74-9 
 745 
 737 
 
 W 19 
 P 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 
 71-2 72-3 71-6 70'8 70-4 69'6 72'8 75'4 781 79'4 79'2 79'6 79-5 79'2 78'8 
 77-4 761 75-5 75'3 75 74'6 74-4 74'3 73'4 72'9 72'4 71'8 711 70 8 701 73 3 75'3 781 791 79 5 79'5 79-6 797 79'3 
 78-3 76-5 76-0 75'3 74'6 73'4 71'8 71-0 69'6 69%5 69'4 69-4 69'4 691 70'8 72 4 73'3 77-3 791 79'2 79'3 79 9 801 79'3 
 78-3 76-5 761 75'5 75'3 753 75'3 74-4 74'0 737 734 72'4 71'3 68'4 69'2 72'6 76'5 78'3 78'9 79'3 807 79'3 78'8 78'3 
 76-8 75-4 75-2 746 74'4 737 722 72'4 69'3 68'8 68'4 68'3 68'2 677 67-6 69-9 75'3 77'3 78'3 78'8 78'8 78'3 78'0 77'9 
 77-5 75-6 75-5 75'5 74'8 73'0 72-6 72 2 721 70 7 69'4 687 67'9 67'6 68'6 73'4 75'3 76'8 77-6 78'3 78'8 79 3 79 3 78'5 
 77'3 76 3 76'3 75'6 75'3 75' 75 -0 71 6 711 
 
 74-3 
 75-4 
 74-3 
 75-5 
 73-6 
 741 
 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 72-3 70-6 70'2 697 68'9 689 72'0 76'4 78'2 791 79'2 79'2 78'4 78'3 767 
 761 75-3 74-5 741 73'2 72'6 724 741 73 6 72'8 721 70'8 69-4 69-4 69-4 72'6 761 78'3 79'6 807 801 79'5 79 78'i> 
 77-5 76-2 75-5 74'8 751 74'3 73 6 71'4 721 70-9 697 69 1 68-4 68'2 68-2 7L4 76 3 77'5 78'3 78'3 79'2 79'2 787 77 6 
 77-3 75-8 75-3 75-3 750 747 74'3 73-9 73'4 72'4 71'4 70'4 69-3 69-5 701 73'6 77'2 791 78'9 801 802 80-3 79'3 783 
 77-8 76-3 75-3 75'2 74'4 74'4 73'9 72'4 71-6 70'2 68'9 68'8 687 682 68-2 70'4 76'3 77"3 793 790 79-3 79'5 78'3 78'0 
 76-8 75-4 747 741 73'3 72'4 71-8 70-8 69'6 69'4 69'3 69'3 69-3 68-6 687 7(f5 76'8 78'3 79'3 800 80'5 79'5 79-3 78-5 
 
 74-9 
 74-8 
 74-2 
 75-2 
 74-2 
 74-0 
 
 Means 
 
 77-3 761 75-4 75'0 74-6 74-0 73'4 72'8 71'9 71-4 71-0 706 70"2 697 69'9 72'5 75'5 77'6 78'5 78-9 79'3 791 78'9 78-2 
 
 74-6 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 33 
 
130 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 
 
 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Gottingeu 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 45 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 
 
 
 Daily am 
 
 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m 
 
 Means 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.11 2.41 .1.41 
 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 O 
 
 i 
 
 691 697 68-5 68'6 69'0 69'5 69'5 69-2 69'3 68'8 68'3 68'3 68'3 67'8 66-9 67'8 69'5 70'8 71'8 71'8 71-3 72'0 721 71'3 
 
 69-6 
 
 9 
 
 70-8 70-8 70-2 70-4. fiQ- r > fiQ-S 68-5 fiK-1 67- r > - 
 
 
 M 
 
 3 
 
 66-2 64-9 64-7 64-4 64-2 64-4 67-3 701 71-3 71-3 71'3 70'8 69'3 68'5 68'3 
 
 68-4 
 
 4 
 
 68-3 67-8 68-0 67'3 67'5 67'3 671 66'9 65 6 65'5 65'4 64'9 64'4 64'3 63-4 65'9 681 68'3 68'3 68'3 67'5 67-9 67'8 68-3 
 
 66-8 
 
 E 
 c 
 
 68-5 67-6 67-3 66'9 64'4 65'2 65'2 65'4 647 64'4 64'2 64'4 64-6 64'6 65-0 65'4 661 66'6 67'3 67'5 66'9 68'5 67-3 67-5 
 
 661 
 
 6 
 
 67-5 677 67-3 66'0 66'0 66'2 66'4 661 65-6 65'0 66'4 65'9 6-r4 64'8 64'4 65'4 66'6 67'3 681 677 67'3 66'9 66'4 66'9 
 
 66-4 
 
 1 
 
 66-2 65-8 66-3 65'6 64'9 65'3 65'2 65'2 65'9 66'4 66'9 65'9 64-9 64'2 651 63'4 6.V4 657 65'9 66'2 65'2 65'8 65-6 64-9 
 
 65-5 
 
 8 
 
 63-9 64-4 64-4 64'3 641 63-4 64'2 64'4 64-4 6*4'4 64-4 641 63'8 63'4 641 66'4 67-3 69'2 68'3 66-6 66'6 66-4 67-9 67'3 
 
 66-3 
 
 9 
 
 66 9 66-6 66-4 66-2 66'4 66'4 66'2 66'0 65-6 - 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 68-4 71-3 71-3 71-3 717 71-3 70'3 70'8 70'8 71'3 72'6 73'0 72'3 71-5 717 
 
 69-4 
 
 11 
 
 71-0 71-3 70-8 70-2 70'0 70'3 70'3 69'5 695 69'9 70'3 70'6 70'8 71'3 711 717 72'3 71-9 731 73'6 73'4 72'3 72-3 72-5 
 
 71-3 
 
 00 
 
 72-0 711 71-0 70-8 70'6 70"4 69'2 68'3 67'8 67'4 671 66'6 66'0 66'4 66-4 67'2 681 68'3 69'3 701 701 70'0 701 70'3 
 
 68-9 
 
 io 13 
 oo ia 
 
 69-8 691 69-4 68'9 691 68'5 68'6 68-8 69 3 68'8 68'3 677 66'8 67'2 66'6 68'3 69'0 70'3 697 70'5 707 70'9 707 70'3 
 
 691 
 
 - 1 14 
 
 697 69-9 69-5 69-5 691 68'8 69'0 68'6 68'3 68'6 69'0 687 68'3 67'3 66'9 690 70'3 717 72-9 72'8 72'3 71'8 72'3 71'3 
 
 69-8 
 
 >H 15 
 
 70-8 70-5 70-0 701 701 697 69-3 68-9 68'3 67'8 67'3 571 66'9 66'4 67'2 68'3 69'0 71'5 70'5 70'3 711 71'5 707 711 
 
 69'4 
 
 3 16 
 
 69-5 69-3 69-4 687 67'5 67'5 66'4 65'6 65'4 - 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 64-8 64-2 63-8 63'4 63'2 63'0 65'4 67'3 69'3 68'5 69'5 697 70'3 70'5 69-8 
 
 67-2 
 
 g 18 
 
 697 69-3 68-5 681 67~5 66'3 65-2 64'8 63'9 63'5 63'2 6:-S'9 63'0 62'5 62'0 65-4 68'3 69'2 69'3 70'3 69'5 69'6 69'5 69-8 
 
 66-8 
 
 ^ 19 
 
 69-9 688 68-3 68'3 678 66'9 66-4 66'4 66-4 661 65'9 65'6 65'2 64'6 651 65'9 681 69'5 69'8 69'5 697 69'8 69'8 69'5 
 
 67-6 
 
 ^ 20 
 
 691 68-6 681 67'5 67'2 66'8 66'4 B61 6.V4 64'6 63'9 641 64'3 63'6 63'3 65'6 68'6 69'5 69'6 69'9 70'3 70'5 71'0 70'3 
 
 67-3 
 
 21 
 
 70-3 69-3 681 67'3 67'3 672 67-3 67'3 66'6 661 65'6 65'5 65-4 651 64'8 64'6 69'3 70'5 71'3 72'0 72'0 73'3 73'3 721 
 
 68-4 
 
 22 
 
 711 71-3 70-5 70-3 70'6 70-6 70'5 70'2 69-0 681 67-3 66'9 66'4 66'4 66-3 681 70'5 71'8 72'3 74'2 73'4 72'8 72'3 72-3 
 
 701 
 
 23 
 
 721 71 '0 70-^ 70-4. 70-2 70-2 69-9 fiQ-4. fiQ-3 - 
 
 
 24 
 
 67-4 65-6 65-3 64-9 64'4 64-4 66'4 69-4 70'3 70'8 70'5 71-3 71'9 70'8 711 
 
 691 
 
 25 
 
 71-5 70-9 69-6 69'5 68'6 68'3 68'5 683 68'3 67'6.66'9 66'9 66-9 65'4 65-4 67'3 68'9 70'5 70'8 70'8 71'5 71'3 71'3 707 
 
 69-0 
 
 26 
 
 70-0 69-3 68-5 68-3 68'5 68'5 69'6 69'6 69'8 69'0 68'3 67'5 66-6 66'6 6C'9 68-0 69'0 70'5 70'5 71'5 727 71'5 707 701 
 
 69-2 
 
 27 
 
 70-3 67-3 66-6 66'4 66'4 66-2 65'6 65'3 65-4 64'9 64'4 64'0 63'5 62'6 62'5 64'6 66'4 68'3 67-5 677 68'8 68'3 68'3 68'0 
 
 66-2 
 
 28 
 
 68-3 687 67-5 68-0 68-3 68 6 691 68'6 68-3 67'3 66'4 66'4 66'4 65'4 65'9 65'9 68'3 68'3 70'0 71'0 70-3 711 711 70'2 
 
 68-3 
 
 29 
 
 69-3 691 68-5 68'2 68'0 68'4 69'2 67'5 66'4 657 651 64-5 63'8 63'4 63'4 66'4 68'8 69'8 701 69'8 69~8 69'8 69'5 69'5 
 
 677 
 
 30 
 
 69'8 70'3 697 697 69'6 69'5 691 68'9 68'S 
 
 
 31 
 
 68'5 68-2 66-8 65-4 65-4 66-0 681 69'5 69'3 70'3 711 70'5 70'5 70'3 70-8 
 
 69-0 
 
 Means 
 
 69-4 691 68-6 68'3 68'0 67'9 67'8 67'4 671 66'8 66'5 66 2 65'8 65'5 65'5 66'8 687 69-6 69'9 70'3 70 2 70"2 7ul 69'8 
 
 | 68.1 
 
 1 
 
 70-3 701 70-0 69-5 687 67'3 66'4 65'9 65'2 64'8 64-4 64-0 63'6 61'3 61'5 64-6 66-4 69'5 701 70'3 70'3 69'3 70'3 701 
 
 67-2 
 
 2 
 
 70-5 70-3 69-9 68'2 67'4 67'2 659 646 64'4 64-4 64-4 63'9 63'4 62'6 621 65'4 662 673 67'3 671 664 68'3 69'3 71'3 
 
 666 
 
 3 
 
 717 70-5 70-8 701 69'2 677 67-3 66'6 66'9 66'2 65-6 66'0 66-4 64'4 67'3 68'3 69'5 70'5 71 3 723 73'0 72-0 71'3 71'8 
 
 69-0 
 
 4 
 
 72-3 72-3 717 71-2 7U'9 70'5 701 ti9'6 69'0 67'9 66-8 67'0 67'2 65'6 65'4 67-6 70'3 71'3 70-3 703 707 70'2 70'5 703 
 
 695 
 
 5 
 
 71-0 71-3 68-2 67-5 667 66'4 661 65'6 651 647 64-4 63'9 63-4 63'2 63'6 6fv4 67-3 69-5 68-6 69'3 70'8 707 71'3 71-5 
 
 67-3 
 
 
 
 n -< ? 701 fi9-fi 70-0 70-S 70-^1 70-0 fiQ-8 70-^ 
 
 
 7 
 
 O * \J J. \J17 \J 1 \J \J IvO Iv/O 1 \J \J- \J& O 1 \J O 
 
 71-3 72-3 71-9 71'5 71'3 71-8 73'2 75'2 76'2 75 2 75'4 757 76'4 76'2 767 
 
 726 
 
 8 
 
 76-4 75-8 74-4 74-4 74-4 741 737 73'8 73'5 73'3 73'2 72-3 71'3 69'8 71 -0 72'0 732 742 71'3 741 75-2 74'2 747 73-9 
 
 73-5 
 
 9 
 
 737 73-4 72-3 72'5 721 71'8 721 73'2 731 72'8 72-5 69'9 67-3 66'9 681 69-3 70'8 720 72'3 732 737 73'2 73'2 73'2 
 
 718 
 
 10 
 
 73-2 72-5 72-0 71-5 711 707 70'2 697 69'0 681 67'3 67'3 67'3 67'3 66'9 69'3 70'3 71%3 72'3 73'2 73-4 73'2 742 73-5 
 
 70-6 
 
 oo 11 
 
 73-2 731 72-2 72-0 72'0 71'8 71-5 71-2 71-2 70'2 69-3 68- 68'3 68-3 68-3 71-0 72'5 72 8 73'4 744 751 757 76-5 75'2 
 
 72-0 
 
 oo 12 
 
 747 74-0 731 72-6 73'3 72'5 72-3 72-3 72-3 71-6 71'0 70-4 69'8 69-4 70'3 71'8 72'8 73'4 74'6 75'2 758 75'2 747 74-5 
 
 728 
 
 ^ 13 
 
 747 74' 73-5 73' 73' 7 0- 9 731 7-9 7-3 
 
 
 fe 14 
 
 71-3 70-3 70-3 70'3 70'2 70'8 71-3 72-3 73 2 737 73'4 74'0 74'2 74-4 74-2 
 
 727 
 
 S 15 
 
 74-0 73-4 72-9 727 72'5 72'5 72'5 721 72-3 71'9 71'5 70'5 69-5 68'5 68'5 70"8 71-8 72'5 721 72-8 731 73-2 72-9 72-3 
 
 720 
 
 3 16 
 
 71-3 69-5 67-6 681 677 67'6 67'5 67'4 67 3 61'8 66'4 657 64-9 64'4 64-4 67'3 67'3 67'8 691 69-3 701 70'3 70-6 70'6 
 
 679 
 
 03 17 
 
 69-9 68-5 68-0 671 66'8 66'5 66'5 66'5 66'2 661 661 65'4 64'6 64 4 64'6 66-4 68'3 68'4 67'3 69-3 69'3 69-2 697 69 3 
 
 673 
 
 18 
 
 69-3 68-3 67-3 t;6'6 66'4 66'3 66'3 66'2 66'4 66'4 66'4 65'9 65'4 64'4 63'4 65'4 67'3 68'8 69-5 69'3 68'3 68'5 69-0 67'3 
 
 67-0 
 
 19 
 
 67-5 68'0 677 67'5 67-4 67'4 65'6 64'6 65-4 648 64'2 63'5 627 62-5 63'2 64'6 67'3 68'3 68'5 70'3 707 70'2 70-3 70'8 
 
 668 
 
 20 
 
 7Q-Q 7Q-3 59.5 69'5 69'3 69 - 3 69'3 69'S 69'3 
 
 
 21 
 
 70-9 72-5 71-4 70'3 70'3 71-0 72-3 73'4 74'2 747 757 75'2 74'2 74-2 74'0 
 
 717 
 
 22 
 
 74-2 73-5 72-4 72-3 72'4 72"6 72-5 72'3 72'3 71'8 71'3 70'8 70'3 70'3 70'3 71'5 72'3 72 8 72'3 73-2 737 73 2 73'4 74-2 
 
 72-3 
 
 23 
 
 74-0 73-2 72-5 72'5 72'4 72'3 71-9 70'6 70-6 70'3 70'0 69'3 68'5 67'8 68'3 701 72-2 7r3 71'8 72-3 72'3 72'8 73'2 73'2 
 
 71-4 
 
 24 
 
 731 72-5 72-0 71-9 71'6 71'5 71-0 707 70'3 69-9 69'5 69'0 68'5 66-4 66-4 694 71'3 72-3 72-8 73'2 734 73'2 731 733 
 
 711 
 
 25 
 
 72-3 72-4 71-5 71'2 711 70'9 70'5 711 70'3 69'4 68'5 68'3 68'0 67'6 66'6 68'9 711 71'9 72-5 732 73'4 739 74'0 74'2 
 
 70-9 
 
 26 
 
 737 731 731 727 72'6 71'3 711 71-2 70'3 69'8 b'9'3 69'0 68'6 68'3 68'3 69'2 69-3 73'2 73'2 72-2 73'4 74-2 737 74'0 
 
 71-4 
 
 27 
 
 73'9 7S'2 73'0 72- ~> 73-2 72-5 72-fi 72-S 71-1 
 
 
 28 
 
 717 72-3 71-4 70'5 69-8 69-3 72'3 73'9 74'4 74'2 74'4 74'4 747 75'0 75'2 
 
 72-8 
 
 Means 
 
 72-4 71-8 711 707 70'5 70'2 69'8 69'6 69'3 68'8 687 68'2 67'6 66'9 671 691 70'5 71'5 71'6 72-2 72'6 72'5 727 727 
 
 70-3 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 131 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD NO. 8 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 M G ean1 
 
 &Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 Monthly 
 Meana 
 
 Madras h. m. h. m. h. m. b. m. h. m, h. in. h. m. h. m. h. in. h. in, li. m. h, m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 Mean Time 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 
 
 b, m. 
 19.41 
 
 b. m. 
 20.41 
 
 h. m. 
 21.41 
 
 b m. 
 22.41 
 
 b. m. 
 23.41 
 
 h. m. 
 0.41 
 
 h. m. 
 1.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. 
 2.41 3.41 
 
 MARCH 1858 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 * * 
 
 OOOOOOOOOOOO'OOO 
 
 74-3 73-2 731 733 731 727 727 731 72'S 72'5 72-3 72-2 72-0 71'5 71'5 
 75-6 748 73-9 737 732 739 737 73'9 737 73-4 73-2 728 723 72-0 721 
 75-2 74-9 74-0 73-4 73'2 73'9 741 741 742 738 734 733 732 72'5 72'9 
 75-2 74-6 73-6 73-2 73'2 73'4 73'5 73'3 73'2 727 723 71'9 71 5 71-5 71-8 
 74-9 73-2 732 73-0 72-5 731 723 723 71'6 70'4 69-3 69-3 69'3 69'0 69'3 
 
 74-7 71-9 74.'! 7^-7 7'^'9 7'-!-^> 73'9 7^-0 79'8 - 
 
 O 
 
 731 
 73-2 
 74-2 
 72-3 
 71-5 
 
 
 
 73-2 
 745 
 747 
 73-4 
 73-9 
 
 
 
 74-4 
 76-2 
 76-4 
 742 
 74-0 
 
 O 
 
 74-9 
 75-2 
 77-2 
 747 
 74-4 
 
 O 
 
 76-4 
 77-4 
 77-2 
 741 
 75-9 
 
 O 
 
 767 
 762 
 75-4 
 74-8 
 75-2 
 
 
 
 76-2 
 76'0 
 75-2 
 75-9 
 75-4 
 
 
 
 76-4 76-5 
 767 76-2 
 75 75-6 
 
 75-2 75-4 
 75-4 757 
 
 O 
 
 737 
 743 
 74-5 
 735 
 727 
 
 733 
 729 
 72-0 
 717 
 
 73-5 
 
 727 
 
 737 
 734 
 747 
 7.5-2 
 744 
 733 
 
 737 
 75-5 
 755 
 75-6 
 75-3 
 757 
 
 76-2 
 761 
 768 
 77-3 
 
 71-4 70-0 69-8 69-5 69 8 69 3 
 75-4 74-2 737 731 72'9 73-0 72-9 72'5 72'3 71-8 71-3 70-8 70'3 70'2 701 
 74-0 73-0 72-4 72'3 72-3 721 721 720 71-8 70'0 68'3 683 68-3 68'3 68-5 
 74-2 73-4 72-6 723 72-3 71-8 717 717 70-5 70'0 69'5 691 687 67-9 68'5 
 73-2 73-2 73-4 73-2 73-0 731 73'0 72'9 72-3 71'8 71-3 713 71'3 701 703 
 770 757 74-4 741 737 73-8 73'2 72'0 70-5 69-9 693 693 69'3 707 71'3 
 73'4 74'2 73'9 73'6 73'2 72'9 72 2 711 71-3 - 
 
 73-2 
 71-3 
 
 70-5 
 70-5 
 72-3 
 
 72-8 
 
 73-9 
 73-2 
 72-4 
 71-3 
 737 
 73-3 
 
 74-2 
 73-2 
 73-4 
 71-3 
 74-0 
 73-9 
 
 759 
 74-2 
 74-4 
 73-2 
 76-4 
 72-3 
 
 76-2 
 74-3 
 74-9 
 739 
 77-2 
 754 
 
 75-4 
 75'2 
 75-2 
 734 
 77-2 
 75-2 
 
 76-0 
 747 
 75-4 
 74-6 
 77-2 
 72-3 
 
 76-2 75-6 
 74 2 741 
 75-0 74-6 
 747 74-2 
 76-4 77-0 
 72-0 73-4 
 
 71-6 72-0 717 71-3 71'3 72'3 
 75-2 75-2 74-8 74-5 74-4 73-5 72 -3 724 721 71'2 703 70'2 70-0 69-9 70'3 
 75-5 75-2 74-9 74'6 74'4 74-2 73-2 73'2 73'2 731 73'0 73'0 72 9 727 72'6 
 77-6 762 75-6 751 75'3 75'2 752 74'9 74'2 737 732 72'8 72-3 723 73'0 
 76-8 76-2 757 75'4 74'8 747 74~2 74-2 739 73'3 72-8 72'4 7*-0 713 72'3 
 751 74-3 74-2 731 73'3 73-2 732 731 726 72.2 71-8 712 70-5 70'0 70'8 
 
 737 
 72-5 
 
 74-4 
 747 
 747 
 72-8 
 
 751 
 74-5 
 76-0 
 75-2 
 75-2 
 74-2 
 
 76-0 
 75-2 
 75-4 
 767 
 74-5 
 73-4 
 
 75-4 
 754 
 75-2 
 77-2 
 75-2 
 74-6 
 
 757 
 75-4 
 76-4 
 77-2 
 76-3 
 75-2 
 
 76-4 
 75-2 
 77-4 
 76-2 
 747 
 75-2 
 
 76-5 
 74-9 
 76-4 
 77-2 
 75-2 
 75-2 
 
 77-0 76-2 
 75-2 76-0 
 77-2 78-2 
 77-5 769 
 753 756 
 75-8 75-4 
 
 717 71-2 711 70-9 701 70'5 
 777 767 76-2 75'9 75'4 75-2 75-2 74'9 74-9 74'0 73-2 731 73-0 728 737 
 77-5 76-6 76-2 757 75'4 75'2 75'2 75'0 73'2 733 73-4 73-3 73-2 72-9 73 2 
 77-8 77-2 767 761 75'9 75'4 751 74'2 73'2 727 723 723 72-3 721 731 
 78-0 77-2 75-2 75'4 757 75-2 74-4 73'6 72-8 72-5 72-3 727 73'0 721 73'0 
 77-9 767 76-4 76'0 75-2 75-2 751 747 74-4 741 73-9 73-6 73-2 72'6 731 
 77-4 77-1 7fi-2 7 r >-2 747 747 74- 1 ! 74-2 74-2 
 
 72-3 
 74-9 
 76-2 
 75-4 
 75-0 
 74-5 
 
 752 
 76-2 
 75-5 
 76-3 
 76-2 
 76-2 
 
 76-0 
 76-2 
 76-2 
 76-2 
 75-5 
 77-2 
 
 75-2 
 75-2 
 77-0 
 76-9 
 78-2 
 782 
 
 75-4 
 76-2 
 77-2 
 
 78-2 
 762 
 77-2 
 
 76-2 
 
 77-2 
 77-4 
 79-2 
 77-2 
 77-2 
 
 76-4 
 
 77-4 
 777 
 79-5 
 78-2 
 77-9 
 
 777 77-9 
 777 78-0 
 77 9 78-0 
 787 78-5 
 78-4 78-2 
 780 781 
 
 74-6 751 75-2 75-2 75'2 76'0 
 78-0 771 76-4 76-2 761 75'2 75-2 75'5 757 751 74-5 740 734 737 74-2 
 777 771 76-9 76 5 76-3 76-2 76-2 76'2 76'2 76'2 76 2 75'2 74'2 74'0 74'4 
 78-4 77-9 771 771 76'9 77'2 77 2 76 9 76-8 76-8 76-9 7*'3 75-6 75-0 75'2 
 
 77-0 
 757 
 766 
 77-0 
 
 77-2 
 77-4 
 77-2 
 
 77-2 
 
 78-0 
 76-4 
 767 
 
 78-4 
 
 78-2 
 76-4 
 
 77-2 
 777 
 
 78-2 
 77-4 
 
 787 
 78-2 
 
 77-4 
 78-7 
 79-4 
 78-2 
 
 78-2 
 780 
 787 
 79-0 
 
 777 77-9 
 78-2 77-9 
 791 79-2 
 79-4 78-2 
 
 Means | 76'0 75'4 74-8 74'4 74-2 741 73'9 73'6 73'2 727 72-3 721 71-8 71-5 72'0 
 
 7*8 
 
 74-9 
 
 75-3 
 
 75-8 
 
 764 
 
 76-4 
 
 76-5 
 
 76-6 76-6 1 74-3 
 
 00 
 
 r I 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 781 77-9 77-3 77'4 77'4 77'2 77'0 767 76'4 76'2 76'0 75'4 747 737 74'2 
 77-4 76-2 76-2 76'4 76'0 76'2 757 761 75'2 747 74'3 73-8 73'3 72'3 73'2 
 77-8 76-8 76-2 7 r >-4 75-2 7V2 7v4 74'2 7^-2 - 
 
 76-5 
 75-0 
 
 77-2 
 761 
 
 78-2 
 76-6 
 
 79-0 
 
 777 
 
 78-9 
 76-8 
 
 77-2 
 78-0 
 
 77-4 
 767 
 
 77-4 77-2 
 77-2 78-4 
 
 79-2 78-4 
 79-4 79-2 
 76-3 76-8 
 80-2 78-5 
 78-9 781 
 801 79-9 
 
 81-6 821 
 817 81-9 
 81-2 807 
 801 80-4 
 79-4 80-0 
 79-5 797 
 
 80-4.80-4 
 79-0 78-4 
 77-8 78-4 
 791 78-4 
 79-5 80-0 
 78-0 78-8 
 
 807 811 
 81-2 81-3 
 817 811 
 791 79-3 
 81-0 80-4 
 80-9 811 
 
 769 
 
 75-8 
 
 767 
 777 
 77-3 
 771 
 77-6 
 78-3 
 
 79-4 
 80-6 
 79-9 
 79-6 
 78-9 
 78-7 
 
 79-0 
 781 
 77-6 
 77-2 
 777 
 77-5 
 
 791 
 797 
 79-5 
 79-3 
 78-5 
 79-2 
 
 74-3 75-4 757 76'0 76'2 76'2 
 78-2 767 77-2 77-3 76'9 777 77'6 77-2 77'0 76'8 767 76'0 75'2 74'0 76'0 
 79-2 78-5 78-2 77'5 777 771 76'9 767 76'0 75-6 75-2 75-2 75'2 74'8 75'2 
 76-5 77-4 781 781 77-3 77-0 76-2 757 75-2 74-4 737 73-8 73'9 737 75'4 
 78-2 78-5 78-3 78'2 781 78-0 77'8 77'5 767 761 75-5 75-4 75-2 75-5 767 
 78-2 78-6 78-6 787 78'9 79'0 79-4 79'0 78'2 78'0 77'9 77'0 76'0 75'5 76'2 
 7QO 78-8 7Q-1 79-3 79-S 78-4 77-9 77-4 77-2 
 
 77-4 
 78-9 
 76-8 
 77-8 
 78-2 
 767 
 
 787 
 78-2 
 77-6 
 78-4 
 78-6 
 77-2 
 
 78-9 
 791 
 78-4 
 78-6 
 78-2 
 78-2 
 
 787 
 79-6 
 79-6 
 79-4 
 
 79-2 
 
 78-2 
 80-2 
 80-6 
 bO-2 
 79-6 
 79-2 
 
 791 
 79-5 
 80-2 
 80-4 
 79-2 
 79-2 
 
 79-2 
 797 
 79-0 
 797 
 79-4 
 79-6 
 
 77-9 787 78-5 78-2 78'9 79-4 
 82-0 81-2 81-0 811 80'5 80'2 80-0 80-5 801 79-6 79'2 79'5 797 79'2 797 
 81-2 81-2 80-6 80-3 80-2 80'4 80-4 80'3 80'2 797 79'2 787 78'2 77'5 77'4 
 80-9 80-2 79-6 79-3 79'3 79'2 79-2 79'2 79'2 79'2 79'2 78'9 78'6 77'9 787 
 80-0 791 78-9 78-9 78'6 78'5 787 787 78'4 78'2 78'0 77'4 767 76'4 777 
 80-2 79-3 78-9 78'8 78'8 78'2 78'2 78'2 78'2 77'9 77'6 77-3 76'9 75-9 78'4 
 7Q-4 7Q-8 7Q-1 78-fi 78'8 78- "> 78-2 78-2 78-2 
 
 80-2 
 80-2 
 78-2 
 78-9 
 79-2 
 79-4 
 
 80-6 
 80-2 
 79-2 
 79-8 
 79-2 
 787 
 
 80-4 
 80-6 
 80-2 
 80-2 
 79-2 
 802 
 
 80-4 
 81-2 
 80-9 
 81-0 
 801 
 807 
 
 80-2 
 81-2 
 80-4 
 81-2 
 80-4 
 80-4 
 
 81-2 
 
 817 
 80-2 
 
 807 
 79-6 
 
 81-2 
 821 
 81-4 
 79-6 
 80-4 
 78-4 
 
 78-2 78-2 777 77'2 76'2 78'2 
 80-2 79-8 79-0 79'0 79'0 787 78'5 78'2 78'0 77'6 77-2 767 76'2 75'6 77'2 
 78-2 78-4 77-6 781 78'0 777 77'4 77'2 77'2 76'9 767 76'5 76-2 75'4 76'2 
 78-9 78-4 77-3 77-3 77-0 77'2 769 77'0 76-0 75'3 747 74'0 73'3 73'9 74'9 
 777 78-2 777 78'0 78'0 77'8 777 777 77'6 76'8 761 75'6 750 74'2 757 
 80-2 79-8 78-5 78'0 78'0 77 7 77'5 77'2 757 75'4 75'2 74'9 74'6 75-0 767 
 78-8 78-2 78'9 78-2 78- T 78-2 78-2 78-2 77-7 
 
 80-2 
 78-2 
 78-4 
 78-3 
 777 
 78-2 
 
 79-0 
 
 78-2 
 777 
 78-4 
 78-4 
 77-2 
 
 79-4 
 77-2 
 78-2 
 79-3 
 78-9 
 78-3 
 
 80-2 
 
 78-2 
 78-4 
 79-2 
 791 
 79-4 
 
 80-4 
 
 77-2 
 78-2 
 797 
 79-2 
 787 
 
 81-2 
 
 78-0 
 78-4 
 797 
 78-9 
 787 
 
 80-2 
 78-2 
 78-2 
 79-6 
 79-0 
 777 
 
 78-5 79-4 791 787 77'6 7S'2 
 80-8 80-6 79-4 79'4 79'2 79-0 78'8 78'9 79'2 79-2 79'2 78'6 77-9 78'2 79'2 
 80-6 801 79-8 787 78'2 78'6 78'4 78'4 78'2 78'4 787 78'5 78-2 77'4 787 
 80-8 801 79-9 79-3 79-2 79-2 797 79'4 797 79'5 79-4 78'8 78'2 78'0 78'6 
 791 78-5 78-3 78'2 781 78'4 78'2 78'2 78-0 77'8 777 77'2 767 77'2 77'2 
 80-8 801 79-3 79'2 791 78-4 787 787 78'2 78'3 78'4 78'2 77'9 77'2 78'2 
 
 79-4 
 79-8 
 79-4 
 79-2 
 76-4 
 77-2 
 
 79-4 
 80-2 
 79-9 
 79-2 
 78-2 
 781 
 
 79-4 
 81-2 
 80-2 
 78-4 
 79-9 
 797 
 
 807 
 80-2 
 811 
 787 
 80-4 
 80-4 
 
 811 
 80-4 
 81-2 
 79-5 
 
 79-2 
 81-2 
 
 81-0 
 803 
 81-2 
 
 807 
 80-2 
 80-4 
 
 80-4 
 80-0 
 81-2 
 80-2 
 80-2 
 80-4 
 
 Means 
 
 79-3 78-9 78-5 78'4 78'3 781 78'0 77-9 77'5 77'3 77-2 76-9 76'5 761 771 
 
 78-3 
 
 78'6 
 
 791 
 
 79-6 
 
 797 
 
 79-8 
 
 79-6 
 
 79-6 79-6| 78-3 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 X 
 
 V. C 
 
 CA, , 
 
132 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Gottinpren 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 34 5 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1G 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h. m h m. h m 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 19.il 20.11 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.4l' 
 
 Monthly 
 Meaus 
 
 ] 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 7Q >C ; 7(1-^ 7Q-9 78- c l 78'^ 78-9 78'9 78-O 78-0 
 
 O 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 g 
 
 - - ______ 77-6 77-2 77-2 77'2 76'9 777 78'2 79'4 797 80-1 79-7 80'2 78'2 79-0 79'9 
 79-7 79-1 78-2 77'9 77-6 77'2 77'2 77'4 77'2 77-4 777 77-5 77'2 767 77'4 77'2 76'2 77'3 77'2 76'2 77'2 76-2 76'4 77'6 
 76-9 77-0 76-9 76'8 77"! 76'6 76'2 76'2 76-2 75-9 757 75-5 75'2 76'2 77'8 77'2 78'9 78'2 757 77-7 78'2 78'0 761 751 
 75-0 74-6 74-2 741 74'0 73'4 73'2 73'2 73'2 73-4 737 737 737 73'4 74'0 747 75'2 77'2 777 79'0 78'2 78'4 78'3 78'9 
 787 78-2 77-8 77'9 77'6 77"2 77-2 77 5 77-2 767 76-2 76-1 75-9 76-4 77'9 77'4 78'2 79'2 79'2 80'2 80'2 80'8 81-1 81'2 
 80-5 79-2 78-9 79-2 79'2 79'2 79-4 79'2 797 79-2 78'8 78-5 78'2 77'2 777 77'4 78'6 79'4 80'0 804 81'3 81-2 80'8 80-4 
 SO-'} 7Q-fi 7Q-4, 7P-4. 7Q-2 7Q 2 7Q 2 7Q'0 79'0 - 
 
 78-6 
 77-4 
 767 
 751 
 78-2 
 793 
 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 
 00 1 A 
 
 10 14 
 
 00 1C 
 
 78-1 77-2 77-1 76'9 74-2 75'2 76'4 78'2 79'3 797 80-4 81'2 79'3 79'4 79'6 
 80-1 80-0 79-4 78-2 781 78'2 78-2 77-8 77'4 77-3 77'2 77'2 77'2 77'0 78'2 79'4 807 82'2 80-2 79'5 80'8 82'0 82-1 82'5 
 82-9 81-8 81-1 81-0 80'3 80-2 80-2 78'0 77'2 77-2 77'2 767 76'2 75'2 76'2 767 777 78'4 774 80'2 81-2 81-2 81-9 81'4 
 807 80-3 79-3 78'5 78-2 78'2 787 78'5 78-2 787 79-2 78'6 78'0 77'2 77-0 789 79'5 81'2 79'8 81'2 81-3 79'4 79'3 797 
 79-6 79-5 78-2 77'5 77'0 77'2 77'2 77'0 767 76-4 76-2 76-2 76'2 75-2 76'2 78'2 787 797 80-2 80'6 82-0 80'2 80'2 807 
 80-4 80-2 79-5 79'2 789 787 79-2 79'0 79-2 78'2 77'2 78'1 790 78'2 777 77'4 78'2 78'2 78-9 81'2 797 79'6 80'2 81'0 
 
 Sfl'S 7Q 9 7Q-f> 78 Q 7Q A 7Q 9 7Q 9 7Q-9 7Q 2 
 
 78-6 
 79-2 
 791 
 791 
 78-2 
 79-0 
 
 i 1 J-O 
 
 5 !! 
 
 S" 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 
 00 
 
 76-2 73-2 737 74-2 74'2 75-2 76-4 757 79'2 78-2 78-3 797 787 79'2 78'2 
 78-2 78-5 78-2 79'1 76'2 76'9 77'2 76'2 76-2 767 77'2 77'8 78'4 77'2 767 75-4 76'2 78'0 78'4 78 2 78'9 79'0 79'2 79'5 
 79-6 78-3 75-4 75'2 75'2 75'4 757 75-9 75-2 757 76-2 76'2 76'2 757 757 76'2 77.7 79'0 79'4 797 807 807 8M 80'2 
 80-1 77-9 78-0 77'4 77'2 76'3 76'2 76-8 77-2 76-2 75-2 74'8 744 73'9 74'4 76'0 76'6 747 76'2 77'6 77'2 78'2 78'0 771 
 78-0 75-5 75-2 74'4 74-6 75-2 747 73-8 73-4 74'5 757 75-0 74'2 76'4 77'2 77'0 77'2 78'2 77'8 78'2 79-2 79-4 79-1 79'4 
 "8-5 78-2 79-2 79'4 78'9 79-2 79'2 78'6 78-2 77 7 77-2 76'9 76'6 75-2 75'4 77'2 78'4 787 79-0 78'6 797 80'0 79~8 80'2 
 
 7Q'ft 7Q-9 7O'Q 7Q-9 7Q'9 7Q-9 7Q fl 7Q 9 70-9 
 
 777 
 77-6 
 77-3 
 76-6 
 76-4 
 78-3 
 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 
 OQ 
 
 78-4 777 77-0 76-2 74'2 73'2 73'4 74'2 74'4 75'2 76'2 77'0 78'2 77'4 80 2 
 79-0 79-5 79-2 79"0 78'8 79-2 78'8 78'4 78-2 77'4 76-6 76'4 76'2 76'2 77'2 78'4 77'0 76-8 77'2 77'4 77'2 78'0 78'9 80-5 
 79-6 78 9 78-4 79-2 79'5 79'2 79-4 78'8 78-2 777 77-2 76'6 76'0 75'4 74'8 74-4 74'3 76'2 78'2 79-0 78'2 78'4 79'2 787 
 78'8 78-8 79-3 79-4 79-2 79'2 79'2 79'0 78-9 79'0 79-1 77'2 75'2 74-2 75'2 75'4 757 767 76'4 78-0 77'9 7"0 79'2 78'5 
 79-0 78-1 75-2 77-1 77-2 75'8 75-2 75'2 75-0 75-3 75-6 76'4 77'2 77'2 77'4 78'4 76'2 79'2 78'0 78'0 76'6 78'2 80'0 791 
 781 78-2 78-4 78-4 78-6 79-2 79-2 79'2 79-2 787 78-2 78'0 777 76-2 77-2 777 76-6 77'8 75-8 76-9 78-2 79-0 81-0 80-3 
 
 7Q 9 7Q.,1 7Q.7 7Q O 7Q-1 7Q.O 7Q 9 7Q n 78'4, . 
 
 77-3 
 78-0 
 777 
 77-8 
 771 
 78-2 
 
 30 
 31 
 
 78 2 78-0 777 77 4 77'2 78'2 78-4 77'2 76-2 77-2 77-2 78.2 79'2 80-2 801 
 79-5 79-5 79-5 78'9 77'9 78-2 78-2 78'6 78'2 77-8 77-4 77'0 76-6 76'2 78 2 767 75-8 76'9 77'2 78 2 78'2 76'2 77-2 78 9 
 
 78-4 
 77-8 
 
 Means 
 
 79-3 78-8 78-3 78'2 77'9 77-9 77'9 77'6 77-5 771 76'8 767 76'4 75'9 76'5 76'9 77'2 78'2 781 78'8 79-2 791 79'4 79-6 
 
 77-9 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 K 
 
 77-9 78-3 78 3 78"3 78-3 78'2 78'2 77-4 77'2 77-2 77-2 76'5 757 72-0 73'2 75'5 76-2 76 7 767 77'2 78'2 787 78 9 79-0 
 78'8 78 5 79-2 78'3 78'2 78'0 77'6 78'2 77'2 77'3 77'4 77'3 77-2 75-2 75'2 76-2 77'2 77-2 78'2 79'2 80-0 80-2 81'0 79-2 
 767 77-4 78-3 78'9 77-9 78'2 781 78'2 782 777 77-2 76-9 76-6 76-2 77-2 78'4 79'2 79'2 77~8 79'2 79'0 79~4 787 79'9 
 79 8 78-9 787 75'2 741 77'2 77'2 76 8 76'2 75'8 75'5 75'3 75 75'6 767 78'0 78-6 79'0 79'2 78'4 77'2 76-4 74-4 74'4 
 7Q-2 KO-fi 7Q-9 78- "i 78 5 78-Q 78-4 77-Q 777 - 
 
 771 
 78-0 
 781 
 76-8 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 77-4 77-2 76-8 76'4 73'2 72'5 73'2 72-5 73'2 73-2 74'0 74'2 76'0 76-4 77"5 
 79-2 78-2 77-2 77'2 76'8 76-4 77'2 77'2 76-2 76-4 767 757 747 73'2 71'8 72'3 73-2 74-2 75'2 76'0 77-6 777 781 78'2 
 77 75-9 75-0 75'2 75-9 76'2 76-8 77-2 77'2 77'3 77'4 777 /7 9 77'2 77'9 78'9 78'2 78'0 78'4 78'2 79'2 79'2 79'0 79'2 
 791 7b'2 78-2 78'2 78'2 78'5 781 781 77"2 77'0 76-9 767 76'4 77-0 78'2 790 80-0 79'2 79'2 79'2 80-0 80'2 80-4 80'5 
 801 79-3 79-2 79-6 80'2 79'4 79'2 79'0 78'4 77'3 76'2 76'6 76'9 76'4 77 77-2 77'8 78'2 79'2 78'9 79 2 79'2 801 80'5 
 80-9 80-9 80-2 80 6 807 797 797 79'2 78'4 78'3 78'2 77-8 77'3 76'2 76-4 78'0 78-6 79'2 79'2 79'0 79'4 80'2 80-9 81'5 
 
 Q9-9 81 -R 8f>'9 7Q'Q 8fVA 7Q-/1 7Q'9 7Q-9 7Q-1 . 
 
 76-4 
 761 
 77-5 
 
 78-5 
 78-6 
 79-2 
 
 oo 13 
 
 S 14 
 '-' 15 
 
 H 16 
 & 17 
 
 g 11 
 
 TO 
 
 78-6 78-2 77-6 77-0 767 78'0 77 9 78'2 79'4 80'0 80'4 81'0 81'2 80'9 80'4 
 80-0 79-9 80-0 80'3 801 79'8 80'2 79-9 79-4 78'9 78-4 78-3 78'2 77'4 78'2 787 79-2 801 80-2 80-2 80'2 80-9 817 81-4 
 78-6 79 5 801 80'2 801 80'2 79-6 78'2 781 78'2 78'4 77'9 77-4 767 77 7 78'2 78'4 78'2 79-2 79'4 80'2 80'2 79'9 79'5 
 78'8 79 3 78-3 78'2 78'2 78'4 78'2 78'2 78'2 777 77'2 771 76'9 757 76'2 77'2 78'0 78'4 79'2 79'2 79'2 79'4 801 79~8 
 787 79-0 78-6 78'3 78 3 77'2 77-2 76'4 76-2 767 77-2 76-9 76-6 77'0 77 7 7-2 79-0 79-4 79'0 79'2 80'2 80'2 79'9 79'8 
 801 78-9 78-2 78'8 78'2 77~4 77-2 771 77'4 77'3 77-2 76~8 76-4 76'0 76'0 76'9 77-4 78'2 78'2 78'2 79-0 79'2 787 79-0 
 7Q-Q 7Q-/1 7Q-^ 78-8 78-Q 7^-2 78-4 78-2 78-2 - 
 
 79-4 
 797 
 78-9 
 78-2 
 78-2 
 77-8 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 9fi 
 
 77-4 76-6 76-5 76'4 75-2 757 75-9 767 77'2 77'2 78'2 78'2 79'2 78-9 78'6 
 79-9 80-0 79-8 80'0 79'4 78'8 781 77'8 77'4 771 76'8 76 9 76'9 74 7 74'2 74-9 76-9 77'2 77'2 77'2 78'0 79-2 79'4 79'5 
 80-8 80-5 77-9 787 791 78'2 77'4 77'2 76'4 76'3 76'2 75'2 74'2 73'4 73'8 76-2 76-0 76-4 767 77'2 78'0 78'2 78-5 78'5 
 78-0 79-0 791 78'5 78'2 78-4 777 77'2 77'2 767 76'2 75'2 74'2 73'2 74'6 75'2 76-2 77'2 77'2 777 77-2 777 79-0 787 
 782 78-2 78-6 79'0 787 78'2 78'2 777 77'2 76'2 75'2 747 74-2 73'9 75'9 76-2 76-2 76'0 76'4 777 78-2 79'2 79'4 78'5 
 77-3 76 9 78-0 78-0 78'2 78 2 78'2 77'8 767 76'4 76'2 75-2 74'2 72'8 73'4 74'0 74'2 75-0 76'0 76'2 76'6 76'2 781 77'5 
 
 78-7 7Q-4. 7Q'8 7Q'n 78'^ 78-9 77-Q 77-A 77-9 
 
 77-8. 
 77-8 
 771 
 77-0 
 77-2 
 76-3 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 771 77'0 76-6 76'2 767 777 78'2 78'2 77'2 78-2 79'2 80'0 79'2 801 80-2 
 80-4 80-0 80-0 79-4 79'5 79-2 78-9 79'2 79-6 78'9 78-2 78-2 78'2 78'6 77'4 78 2 78'4 79'0 79'2 79'2 78'8 79'2 80-9 801 
 80-2 79-9 80-4 80-4 80'4 80'2 80'2 79'2 79'2 797 80-2 79'2 78'2 75 9 767 78-2 77-4 77-2 78-2 77'2 78'2 78'0 80'0 80-0 
 80-3 80-3 79-6 80'0 79'2 78'2 78'0 78'2 78'4 78-3 78'2 77'9 77'6 77-4 77'2 78'5 78'5 78'6 78'2 79'0 79-4 80'0 80'0 79'8 
 
 78-2 
 791 
 78-9 
 78-8 
 
 Means 
 
 79-3 79-2 78-9 78'8 78-6 78'4 78'3 78'0 777 77'4 77'2 76-8 76'4 75'5 76'0 76'9 77-3 77-6 77'9 78'3 787 79'0 79-4 79'3| 
 
 77-9 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 133 
 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 
 
 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 &5ttiBg6B 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 345 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Dtiily fln( 
 
 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Mu.ii'.is 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. li.ni. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. h. ui. h. m. li. in. h. m. h. in. h. m h m b in h m 
 
 Means 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41- 5.41 0.41 7.U S.41 D.41 10.11 11.11 12. H 1M.41 14.11 15.41 10.11 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21. ll 22.41 S3.il 0.41 1.41 2.4l' 3.41 
 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 
 O O O O O O O O O O O O O () O O O O O O O O O o 
 
 O 
 
 i 
 
 80-4 80-9 80-4 8OO 79-4 80-2 787 787 78'2 77'2 76-2 7.V6 75'0 75-0 75-7 771 77'2 777 78'2 78'2 79'0 79-4 8(H 802 
 
 78-3 
 
 . 
 
 79-9 80-0 79-3 79-4 76-2 73 2 74'0 74-2 76-7 75-4 74'2 737 73 2 74'0 74-2 75-7 76 8 78'2 78'2 78'4 787 79'2 79'4 79-3 
 
 767 
 
 j 
 
 797 7Q-Q 78'8 78'4 78~6 78'7 78'4 78''-' 77' 
 
 
 i. 
 
 j 
 
 76-5 75-2 75-1 75'0 7.V4 76'9 77'4 777 77'4 777 79'0 79 2 78'2 79 9 80'5 
 
 77-9 
 
 ^ 
 
 79-9 79-6 79-1 78'5 78'0 772 74-1 74-9 7;V2 75-5 75-9 761 76'2 75-4 747 76'4 78'2 78'2 79'2 800 79'2 796 78'2 788 
 
 77-4 
 
 * 
 
 79-1 78-9 78- J 77-3 76'4 75-9 757 75-2 76'2 76'9 77 6 76'9 76'2 75-2 75-2 75-6 76-2 77'2 77-2 78-0 78-4 79 78-9 77 9 
 
 77-0 
 
 7 
 
 77-6 77-1 77-3 77-7 7(r3 75-4 75-2 75'2 74'9 75-4 75-9 75-9 75-9 75-0 73'9 74'4 75'2 76'0 76-2 767 77'2 77'2 78-2 78'2 
 
 76-2 
 
 ,^ 
 
 79-2 78-1 78-2 777 77'8 77-2 76-4 76 2 76-2 76'0 75 9 761 76'2 747 75 2 76-2 77'2 77'2 78'0 78'2 78-2 79-2 791 79-9 
 
 77-3 
 
 j 
 
 79-4 78-8 78-2 767 77'0 777 77'2 77'2 76-8 76-3 75-9 761 76-2 75-0 75'4 76-2 77-2 77'2 78'2 78-4 79-2 78'2 78'9 79'5 
 
 77-4 
 
 i / 
 
 80'0 7 C V6 787 79'2 78' ^ 787 79 - 78'2 77'9 
 
 
 1 U 
 
 11 
 
 76-4 75-0 75-6 762 77'2 77-9 771 77-2 772 767 77'0 78'2 78'2 787 78-4 
 
 778 
 
 S 12 
 
 78-0 787 78-2 78-4 79'5 79'2 78'4 787 78'2 77 8 77-4 771 767 76-2 76'2 77'0 77'4 78'2 77'4 77"2 771 77'2 78'0 78'3 
 
 778 
 
 13 
 
 78-2 77-8 77-0 77-8 78-2 77'6 77-2 76'4 76-2 76-0 75-9 751 74'2 73'0 73'2 75'0 76-0 76'2 76'2 77'2 767 77-2 77~5 77-6 
 
 76-4 
 
 14 
 
 78-4 78-5 76-6 76-4 757 75'2 75'2 757 75 -2 757 76-2 76'5 767 76'4 77-2 77'4 78-2 78'2 78'6 79'2 79-0 791 78'6 771 
 
 77-1 
 
 > , - 
 
 h^ J-O 
 
 75-8 76-4 757 74-9 75-2 75-2 74'9 757 76'2 75-9 757 75-5 75'2 75'2 76'0 77'2 77-4 77'2 78~2 78'0 76-2 77'2 77'2 77 8 
 
 76-2 
 
 t 16 
 
 78-0 77-5 77-2 77'5 78-4 787 78'2 77'6 767 76'9 77-2 76-2 75'2 74-2 73 -4 731 75-0 76'2 757 76'2 762 764 772 77'8 
 
 76-5 
 
 '"*' 1 7 
 
 78' i;) 78'9 78 - 78'' ; 777 777 77'2 76'6 76'2 
 
 
 t / 
 
 18 
 
 76-3 76-4 767 76-9 751 73'2 74-2 747 75'2 76'0 76'4 77'2 77-2 78'0 78'4 
 
 767 
 
 19 
 
 781 76-4 77-5 77'4 79-0 78'2 77'2 767 77'8 77-5 77-2 77'0 767 750 74-2 74'4 75-2 76-2 767 77-2 78'0 78-4 77-2 76'5 
 
 76-9 
 
 20 
 
 767 77-4 77-5 78'2 79-2 79'0 78'2 78-2 77'6 77-4 77-2 76-8 76-4 74-2 74-2 74-8 75-4 76-2 777 76-9 76'2 77-0 77'8 78-2 
 
 77-0 
 
 21 
 
 78-9 80-0 79-9 79-6 79-2 79-2 78-9 78'5 78'2 777 77'2 767 76'2 75'2 76-8 77'0 77-2 771 77'2 78-0 78'2 78-9 79'9 80'4 
 
 78-2 
 
 22 
 
 81-2 80-4 79-6 79-4 79-9 79-0 787 787 77-9 77-3 767 76'5 76 2 767 771 77'9 78'2 78-2 781 77-4 77'2 78-2 77'8 77'9 
 
 78-2 
 
 23 
 
 79-0 797 801 79-0 78-2 787 77-9 77'2 76'6 76-4 76-2 76-2 76'2 757 76'2 77-2 77'2 78-4 787 79-2 79'2 79'0 78'2 77-5 
 
 77-8 
 
 M 
 
 787 78'9 78'6 77'4 79'0 787 78'0 77'2 76'6 
 
 
 WT? 
 
 25 
 
 761 757 75-0 74'2 74'4 73'2 75'0 747 76'0 76'2 77'2 777 78'6 79-8 791 
 
 76-9 
 
 26 
 
 79-5 78-8 78-2 791 80-2 SO'O 79'8 79'6 78'2 77'2 76-2 757 75-2 74-4 73-2 77-2 777 78'0 782 78-2 787 79'2 794 78-8 
 
 77-9 
 
 27 
 
 791 797 80-0 80'0 80-2 797 79'2 77'2 76'8 77-0 77'2 77-6 78-0 77'2 77'2 77'8 78-5 79'2 79'2 79'2 79'2 79'4 801 '80-5 
 
 78-7 
 
 28 
 
 80-2 791 78-5 78'3 78'8 73'2 75-9 76'0 76'0 75-8 75-6 75'8 75'9 76'2 75-8 76'4 77-2 78'2 78'9 79 2 80'2 80 2 807 80 9 
 
 77-6 
 
 29 
 
 807 80-0 79-3 79-5 79-4 787 78-2 78'0 77-4 77-8 78'2 77'8 77-4 76-9 76'4 767 77'6 78'2 78'4 777 78'0 786 79'8 79-0 
 
 78-3 
 
 30 
 
 78-5 791 79-4 79-8 79-5 7,9-2 79'0 78-5 78-2 781) 77-9 77'6 77-2 77'2 777 77'9 77'4 777 78'0 777 78'2 78'4 79-0 79'9 
 
 78-4 
 
 Means 
 
 78-9 78-9 78-4 78'3 78'3 777 77-3 771 76'9 76'6 76-4 76-2 75-9 75-4 75-4 76'2 76-8 77-3 777 77'9 781 78-4 78-8 78'8 
 
 77-4 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 Tnlv }! 
 
 79-S 78 r > 781 77-'-) 77'0 77" 1 76-8 76'4 76-2 
 
 
 Ml 1 y *)i 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 74-5 72-8 73-0 73-2 73-4 74'0 75-0 75-6 77'2 78 2 78-2 78'6 SO'O 79'8 70-4 
 
 767 
 
 o 
 
 80-1 80-0 79-4 78-6 7H-5 78-4 78'2 78'9 77-2 75 7 74'2 74-2 74-2 74-7 76-0 77'0 77'7 78'6 79-2 78-8 79'2 80'4 801 80-4 
 
 77-9 
 
 ;J 
 
 SO-2 80-0 79-3 77-9 77-4 76-8 77'2 77'4 77-1 75-6 74-2 74-6 75 75-0 75-2 76'2 76-9 78 2 79'0 79-2 79-2 80-2 80-0 80 8 
 
 77-6 
 
 4 
 
 80-4 80-0 79-0 787 78-7 79-2 78-4 77'2 76-1 75-8 75-6 75'4 751 75-2 757 76-0 76'2 76-9 77-2 78'2 78-2 790 79'8 80-2 
 
 776 
 
 :, 
 
 79-0 78-7 76-3 771 76-4 75-7 757 75-6 75'2 75-2 75-2 75-0 74-7 74-2 74-5 74'5 75'2 76-2 76-4 77'2 78'2 78-4 78'9 79-4 
 
 76-4 
 
 6 
 
 79-8 79-9 79-6 77'4 77-.1 7(5-2 76-2 76-0 757 75-9- 76'2 75'8 75-4 74~3 73-9 74'0 75-2 76-2 77'0 77'4 77'2 772 77'4 785 
 
 76-6 
 
 7 
 
 ^o.^ yy.7 77-4 77-0 7(-;.(j 7g.') 7(j.o 7!-,. (; 75.0 
 
 
 i 
 
 8 
 
 76-0 76-9 761 75-2 74'4 73'7 74'6 75-2 76 2 77'0 77'2 777 77'2 76'9 77'2 
 
 763 
 
 '9 
 
 76-4 78-0 771 75-4 75-0 75-4 75-2 7(r2 76'4 76-0 757 75-5 75-2 74 2 747 75-6 76 2 77-2 78'0 78'2 78'7 78'2 77'5 77-7 
 
 76-4 
 
 10 
 
 77-2 76-7 7(5-8 78-0 77-3 77-0 77-2 76-1 75'2 75-2 75-2 74-6 73'9 73-2 73-4 74-2 75-4 76-2 77D 77-2 78'2 79'2 80-1 80'2 
 
 76-4 
 
 11 
 
 801 79-7 78-4 78'3 78-3 77-4 78-1 77:4 76-2 75-8 75-4 74-8 74'2 74-9 76-() 77-2 77'2 77-4 77'2 77-4 78-0 782 79'0 79-1 
 
 77-3 
 
 12 
 
 79-5 79-2 78-0 78'6 79-3 78'9 78-6 78'2 77-6 77'3 77'0 77-1 77'2 76'9 7(r2 77'4 77~2 78'2 78-4 79-2 79'9 80'2 80-? 80-2 
 
 78-4 
 
 I :: 
 
 80-9 80-7 79-4 79-8 79-S 79-2 79-0 787 78'2 77-8 77-4 76-3 75-2 74-9 75-2 76'0 77-2 78-0 77'6 78'4 79-3 802 80'0 79-5 
 
 78-3 
 
 x 14 
 
 79-4 79-1 79-0 78'9 78-9 78-7 78'2 7/-8 77-2 - ________ 
 
 
 
 I. "5 
 
 75-1 73-0 73-6 74-2 75-2 76'4 78'2 79'2 79-9 80-2 79'7 80'2 80'2 80'4 811 
 
 781 
 
 n i ; 
 
 81-0 81-4 807 80-5 80-4 79-6 79-2 78-8 78'2 78'5 78'9 781 77-2 76-5 75-2 75'6 76'0 76-2 77-2 78-2 79'2 797 80'2 80 6 
 
 78-6 
 
 - 17 
 
 80-4 80-2 79-4 79'0 79-0 78-2 787 78-2 77-9 78'0 78'2 78-6 78-9 787 79-4 79 2 79-9 80-0 79'2 78 2 79-4 80'2 80'2 80'0 
 
 791 
 
 i is 
 
 79-8 79-4 79 79-3 7!'-2 78-4 78-2 78-2 78-0 77-6 77-2 77-5 777 76-6 76'2 767 77'9 78-0 78 2 777 78-2 79-2 78'9 78 5 
 
 78-1 
 
 -< i!) 
 
 78-6 789 791 79-3 791 78'4 78'2 78-0 77'4 77'5 77-7 77-5 77'2 762 76'9 77'4 78'4 7S-2 77-5 77-2 79-2 787 790 79-4 
 
 781 
 
 _!0 
 
 79-0 79-2 78-3 78'2 78-2 78'8 78'2 78'2 78'2 77'9 777 77-5 77'2 76-2 75'9 76-9 77'2 78-2 78-9 79'7 78'2 79-2 79'9 79'4 
 
 782 
 
 21 
 
 79-3 79-5 79-4 79-3 79-3 79-2 78'4 78'2 78-2 - 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 777 77-2 77-1 77'0 76-9 77'0 78'0 782 78'4 78'9 79-4 79'2 79'8 80-4 802 
 
 78-6 
 
 23 
 
 80-0 791 78-4 78-4 7S-4 78-4 78'2 77'9 77-4 77'2 77'0 76 6 76 2 75-4 76-0 76-2 77'2 78'0 78'2 78-2 78'2 79-2 79'5 79-0 
 
 77-8 
 
 24 
 
 78'9 79-0 78-4 78-3 7sl 78'2 77-9 77'7 77'2 77'2 77'2 76-8 76'4 7(5-9 77'2 78-2 78'2 76'7 75'2 74'7 75-0 767 78'4 787 
 
 77-4 
 
 25 
 
 78-8 78-9 78-4 78-4 7S-0 77'7 77'4 77-2 77'2 77'2 77-2 771 76'9 77-4 78'2 78'0 787 79'2 797 79'4 79'2 79'2 787 79 1 
 
 78-2 
 
 26 
 
 790 7i)-2 7S-1 781 7*-2 ~7'7 7S'2 7S-2 77-8 77'5 77'2 77'0 767 76'9 77'2 78'2 78'2 78-0 76'4 77'2 77-2 78'2 78'4 78'9 
 
 77-8 
 
 27 
 
 790 79-2 79-3 79-1 7lH> 79-0 787 78'2 78'277'8 77'4 77-2 77-0 75-7 76'4 '76-2 75'2 75-2 75-3 76'2 77'2 78'2 79-0 78-4 
 
 77-6 
 
 28 
 
 79-2 79-2 78-2 78-9 79-0 78-7 78'5 78'2 78-2 _____.._ _^_ 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 78-3 78-4 77-9 77'4 77-2 78-2 78'9 78-2 77'2 77'4 77'2 78-0 78'4 79-0 79-S 
 
 78-3 
 
 30 
 
 80-0 79-6 771 78 2 78-2 78-2 77'9 76-2 751 76-1 77'2 767 7(r2 757 75-7 76-9 77-2 75'8 76 8 78'0 79"2 79 2 787 78-2 
 
 77-5 
 
 31 
 
 78-5 75-8 75-2 76-2 78-0 78-2 787 78-2 77-8 77'4 77-0 76-6 76-2 75'2 76'6 77-4 76 2 75'4 75'2 75-4 75'6 76-2 77-7 78'2 
 
 76-8 
 
 Means 
 
 79-3 79-1 78-4 78-3 78'2 78-0 77'8 77-5 77-0 767 76'5 76-2 76'0 75'6 76-0 767 77'1 77'4 77-6 77'9 78'4 78'9 79-2 79-3 1 
 
 77-6 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 34 
 
134 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Gottingen -vr 
 Mean Time " oon 
 
 6 
 
 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h.m. 
 4.41 
 
 h. m. 
 5.11 
 
 h. m. 
 0.41 
 
 1). m. 
 7.41 
 
 li. m. 
 8.41 
 
 h. m. 
 8.41 
 
 h, m. 
 10.41 
 
 li. m. 
 11.11 
 
 li. in. 
 12.11 
 
 h. m. 
 
 13.11 
 
 li. m. 
 14.11 
 
 h. m . 
 15.41 
 
 n. in. 
 ln.4l 
 
 h. m. 
 17.41 
 
 h. m. 
 
 1H.41 
 
 h. in. 
 18.11 
 
 li. in. 
 20.11 
 
 h. ni. 
 21.41 
 
 h m 
 22 II 
 
 li. m. 
 a. 1 1 
 
 li. ni. 
 (1.41 
 
 li. in. 
 1.11 
 
 h.m. 
 
 2.41 
 
 h. m. 
 
 a. li 
 
 Dailyiind 
 Monthly 
 
 ik'lUls 
 
 00 
 iC 
 00 
 
 
 
 EH 
 CM 
 W 
 
 GO 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 o 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 1 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 o 
 
 78-8 
 79-9 
 80-0 
 79-8 
 
 77-6 
 77-1 
 
 76-2 
 75-4 
 74-4 
 77-6 
 
 77-8 
 77-9 
 77-9 
 
 78-7 
 80-2 
 78-4 
 
 76-7 
 73-2 
 
 77-2 
 76-2 
 78-2 
 79-0 
 
 79-1 
 80-2 
 79-0 
 79-4 
 
 o 
 
 78-1 
 79-9 
 79-8 
 79-3 
 
 77-3 
 76-7 
 75-9 
 75-1 
 74-1 
 77-2 
 
 75-9 
 77-9 
 76-3 
 79-1 
 79-6 
 78-4 
 
 77-0 
 763 
 76-5 
 76-2 
 77-1 
 77-7 
 
 77-4 
 79-4 
 78-4 
 78-9 
 
 77-8 
 79-3 
 80-1 
 79-0 
 
 77-4 
 76-8 
 75-6 
 74-9 
 74-3 
 76-9 
 
 75-9 
 77-4 
 76-0 
 79-1 
 79-3 
 79-0 
 
 77-4 
 77-2 
 76-9 
 76-2 
 76-4 
 77-6 
 
 77'4 
 78-4 
 78-2 
 78-4 
 
 o 
 
 78-2 
 79-5 
 79-1 
 78-8 
 
 76-8 
 77-1 
 75-3 
 74-8 
 73-9 
 76-6 
 
 74-7 
 77-1 
 
 76-2 
 79-1 
 79-2 
 76-4 
 
 78-2 
 77-3 
 76-8 
 76-2 
 76-3 
 77-8 
 
 77-4 
 78-2 
 77-3 
 78-3 
 
 78-1 
 79-7 
 78-0 
 78-9 
 
 76-9 
 76-9 
 75-8 
 74-7 
 74-2 
 76-1 
 
 73-3 
 
 76-0 
 76-2 
 79-1 
 78-5 
 76-4 
 
 79-2 
 77-3 
 77-0 
 76-4 
 76-4 
 77-5 
 
 77-4 
 78-2 
 77-3 
 78-3 
 
 o 
 
 78-2 
 79-2 
 77-9 
 78-7 
 
 77-2 
 77-2 
 75-2 
 75-0 
 74-2 
 76-2 
 
 73-6 
 75-4 
 76-4 
 79-2 
 79-0 
 77-2 
 
 79-4 
 
 76-8 
 77-2 
 76-4 
 75-2 
 77-2 
 
 77-7 
 78-0 
 77-2 
 78-2 
 
 o o 
 
 78-2 78-0 
 
 79-4 78-9 
 
 77-2 77-1 
 
 78-4 78-2 
 
 77-2 77-1 
 
 76-6 75-4 
 
 75-2 75-0 
 
 74-4 74-2 
 
 74-0 74-2 
 
 76-2 76-0 
 
 73-7 73-9 
 
 75-2 75-0 
 
 76-2 76-0 
 
 78-7 79-0 
 
 78-2 79'4 
 
 77-2 77-2 
 
 79-2 79-2 
 
 77-2 77-2 
 
 76-9 76-2 
 
 77-7 77-2 
 
 75-2 75-2 
 
 77-0 76-7 
 
 77-9 77-2 
 77-7 77-2 
 76-8 767 
 78-0 77-9 
 
 * 
 
 o o 
 77-4 77-3 
 78-2 77-7 
 76-2 76-4 
 78-2 - 
 76-0 
 76-2 
 75-2 
 743 
 74-1 
 74-2 
 
 * 
 
 o o o o o o o 
 
 77-2 77'1 76-9 76'2 7.V5 76-2 7.V7 
 
 77-2 77-6 78-0 78'2 76'4 76-2 777 
 
 76-7 76-6 76-4 757 74'2 74-4 757 
 
 o o o o o o o 
 
 76-7 77-2 77-2 76'4 77'4 78D 79-1 ! 
 
 78-2 77-4 77'2 79-1 79'4 79'2 79'5 
 
 78-4 79-0 79-4 79-4 79' 7 80'2 79'8 
 
 o 
 
 77-4 
 78-5 
 77-8 
 
 77-2 
 75-2 
 74-4 
 74-2 
 74-2 
 76-0 
 
 73-8 
 75-2 
 75-2 
 74-2 
 74-0 
 74-2 
 
 74-0 
 75-0 
 74-9 
 74-5 
 74-4 
 74-2 
 
 74-7 
 74-6 
 74-7 
 74-7 
 74-2 
 
 74-2 74-0 74-4 
 
 74-2 73-9 73'4 
 
 73-9 73-2 73-2 
 
 73-9 7.V7 76-2 
 
 75-7 76-8 78-2 79'2 787 787 781 
 
 74-2 75-0 74-8 76'6 78'2 79'2 797 80-3 81'2 817 81'9 77'8 78' 1 
 
 767 
 75 7 
 74-H 
 7.Vu 
 75-3 
 
 74-4 
 73-0 
 77-4 
 
 75-4 76-4 77-1 
 74-0 74-9 76'2 
 75-2 75-2 76-2 
 
 75-4 75-2 
 76-4 75-2 
 
 77-0 75-2 
 
 76-4 
 75-4 
 
 747 
 
 74-2 74-1 73-4 75-2 77'0 78'2 77'2 78'2 78'8 777 
 
 78-0 
 76-1 
 75-2 
 74-2 ; 
 
 78-2 
 
 74-2 
 
 75-2 
 757 
 77-2 
 76-4 
 77-0 
 
 76-3 
 767 
 757 
 75-8 
 77-3 
 75-8 
 
 767 
 79-2 
 76-2 
 76-0 
 
 77-4 
 75-2 
 
 75-9 
 
 777 
 747 
 76-1 
 
 77-2 
 757 
 
 75-0 74-2 
 76-2 74-2 
 73-2 72-3 
 76-2 74-4 
 76-9 77-2 
 76-2 76-2 
 
 73-4 74-2 74-5 
 73-4 73-9 74-2 
 72-1 72-6 73-2 
 73-8 747 
 777 
 76-2 
 
 78'2 
 76-4 
 
 75-2 
 78-9 
 77-4 
 
 77-2 
 74-2 
 75-4 
 75-2 
 78-4 
 77-2 
 
 76-4 
 74'4 
 77-1 
 767 
 777 
 78-2 
 
 75-9 76-4 
 75-2 76-8 
 77-2 757 
 77-2 777 
 78-9 79-2 
 78-4 78-9 
 
 777 77-2 
 
 76-2 767 
 
 74-2 76-0 
 
 78-4 78-9 
 
 80-0 797 
 
 78-2 7S-2 
 
 77-5 
 76-4 
 75-9 
 79-2 
 80'0 
 78-5 
 
 76-1 
 75-3 
 
 75-4 
 76-3 
 
 78-5 
 77-8 
 
 j - 
 
 78-2 
 
 77-1 
 
 76-2 
 76-4 767 
 76-0 75-6 
 767 
 767 
 
 77-2 
 77-2 
 76-6 
 
 767 
 
 77-2 77-2 
 77-2 77-2 
 76-2 76-3 
 777 77-3 
 
 77-2 767 
 74-2 737 
 77-0 76-6 
 75-2 75-2 
 76-2 76-2 
 76-2 76-6 
 
 76-2 
 73-2 
 76-2 
 75-2 
 
 74-2 
 717 
 73-2 
 74-9 
 
 76-2 757 
 77-0 76-6 
 
 74-2 73-9 
 
 71-8 71-5 
 
 72-0 72-3 
 
 75-4 73'4 
 
 76-2 76-2 
 
 75-9 76-4 
 
 74-4 
 72-3 
 73-1 
 73-4 
 76-2 
 77-2 
 
 74-4 
 72-0 
 74-2 
 717 
 74-2 
 767 
 
 74-4 
 72-3 
 74-2 
 73-2 
 732 
 76-8 
 
 75-2 767 
 72-3 74-0 
 74-2 74-6 
 737 74-2 
 76-2 75-2 
 747 75-2 
 
 77-2 7>i-5 
 74-2 72-6 
 73-2 747 
 77-2 767 
 74-4 77-4 
 76-2 77-9 
 
 76-5-j 
 74-0 
 
 75-9 
 777 
 
 787 
 
 76-9 76-5 
 77-2 76-8 
 77-2 767 
 76-4 76-3 
 77-0 76-8 
 
 76-0 76-4 
 76-4 76-2 
 76-2 76-2 
 76-2 757 
 
 77'2 77-9 77-4 777 
 
 76-9 777 76-9 77-2 
 
 77-2 78-2 78-4 78'2 
 
 77-0 78-2 78-2 777 
 
 76-2 78-1 78-2 79-4 797 79'4 
 76-5 791 80-8 81'2 81-0 80'5 
 79-9 80-2 80-1 79'1 787 78-2 
 78-2 79-2 79-2 79'4 79'5 79'2 
 
 76-6 76-8 77-4 78-2 77-4 78'2 79 1 79'9 79-9 79'2 79-4 79'2 
 
 76-3 
 75-0 
 75-4 
 75'5 
 76-1 
 76-5 
 
 77-5 
 77-9 
 
 78-2 
 777 
 782 
 
 Means | 77'9 77'5 77'4 77'2 77'1 77'0 76'9 767 76'4 76'3 76'1 75'9 757 75'1 75'0 75-3 75'8 76'2 76'6 77-1 77-5 77'6 77'8 77'8| 767 
 
 00 
 
 O 
 H 
 O 
 
 1 
 
 y 
 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 
 6 
 7 
 
 8 
 c 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 14 
 
 18 
 in 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 79-4 79-0 79-0 79'0 79-0 78'2 777 
 787 78-8 787 77'4 77-4 77'0 76'4 
 
 76-6 77-1 77-2 77'3 77-4 77'4 78'2 
 
 78-4 77-6 77-6 77'9 77'6 777 777 
 
 77-3 77-2 77-2 76'9 76'4 77'2 77'0 
 
 73-3 73-2 74-2 76-2 78'2 77'2 777 
 
 77-0 76-6 76-1 76-0 76'2 76'4 767 
 
 79-5 78-6 78-1 78'2 78-2 77'6 77'4 
 
 74-3 74-3 74-3 73'2 73'1 73'2 73'0 
 
 77-5 77-1 77-0 77'0 77'0 77'4 777 
 
 78-9 78-2 78-2 77'5 77-5 77'2 76'4 
 
 78-2 77-9 77-2 75'2 76-2 76-0 76'2 
 
 77-4 777 
 78-4 77-8 
 
 77-5 77-2 
 77-6 77-6 
 
 77-2 77-2 77-2 
 77-2 77-2 77-0 
 
 777 
 76-2 
 
 78-2 
 77-2 
 76-2 
 777 
 76-4 
 77-4 
 
 72-5 
 
 78-2 
 75-6 
 75-8 
 77-2 
 76-8 
 
 77-0 76-9 76-6 76"2 77'0 777 78'4 78'9 79'9 80'0 80'2 80'0 79'4 79'8 79'5 
 
 77-2 
 76-2 
 - 76-4 767 76-3 75'9 75-0 76-2 77-2 77'2 
 
 777 
 77-2 
 76-2 
 777 
 77-2 
 77-2 
 
 72-5 
 77-2 
 76-8 
 
 75-2 
 75-4 
 76-4 
 
 77-8 77-9 77-5 
 767 76-2 76-1 
 76-0 75-9 75-9 
 77-5 77-4 777 
 
 77-1 757 77-2 78'2 78'2 
 
 76-0 76-0 76-4 77'2 767 
 
 75-9 7rt-0 75-4 75-2 7.r2 
 
 77-9 777 77-2 777 777 
 
 77-5 78-9 78-4 
 
 79-0 78-9 79-2 
 
 77-0 76-2 77-2 
 
 75-2 74-2 74-2 
 
 79-0 
 79-2 
 777 
 74-4 
 
 787 78-4 77-5 
 79-0 78-0 777 
 78-4 78-3 
 73-4 73-2 
 
 777 77-2 777 77-2 77'9 78'2 
 
 77-5 
 73-4 
 
 777 
 
 77-1 77-0 76-6 76-2 76-5 76'2 76-6 78'2 787 79'4 80'2 80'2 80-2 80-4 79'9 
 
 76-0 74-9 74-5 
 727 
 
 72-6 727 72-5 72-3 72'3 72-5 74-2 767 76'8 77'2 77-4 77'5 77-4 787 78'4 
 
 767 76-2 76-2 76-2 75-2 76'2 78'2 79-2 787 79'2 797 80'4 80-2 SO'O 797 
 
 77-0 77-2 77-4 77'6 76-4 75-6 77'2 78'2 78'4 74'4 75'2 76'2 77'2 78-2 78-4 ! 
 
 75-4 757 75-2 74-6 747 75'5 75-9 76-2 77'2 78'0 777 77'2 76'2 76'4 77'1 
 
 75 74-6 74-5 74'4 74'2 75'2 76'2 77'2 777 78'2 78'2 78'2 78'4 777 78'2 i 
 
 78-2 
 77-2 
 75-4 
 74-0 
 70-2 
 74-2 
 
 77-9 77-9 
 
 76-6 76-6 
 
 74-4 
 
 73-2 
 
 69-6 
 
 73-6 
 
 76-3 
 73-2 
 70-2 
 73-4 
 
 77-9 77-9 77-2 77-0 76'8 76'8 
 
 76-6 77-2 767 77-0 77'2 76-4 
 
 77-0 76-1 757 75-4 75-2 75-2 
 
 72-6 75-0 74-2 74%5 73-9 73'2 
 
 70-2 70-5 71-3 71-3 71-3 71-5 
 
 73-2 73-2 72-5 73'0 73'2 73-2 
 
 76-3 76-2 76-1 75'9 76-4 77'0 78'0 777 
 
 76-5 76-2 75-6 75'0 74-2 747 757 76'2 
 
 75-2 747 71-2 74-> 7.V2 76'(> 77'4 
 
 74-2 74-1 74-0 72'5 74'0 75-0 74"2 
 
 73-2 71-3 69-3 67'3 68'0 68-5 69-0 
 
 75-s 
 747 
 73-2 
 71-4 
 
 71-3 717 72-1 73-2 72'S 74-n 73'2 
 
 78-2 79-2 78-2 787 78'8 
 
 77-2 777 78-2 78'2 78-8 
 
 77-8 78-2 787 79'2 78'2 
 
 75-2 76-1 75-8 74-2 74-0 
 
 69-3 69-3 70-3 70-3 70'3 
 
 74-0 74-6 75-4 75'2 75-5 
 
 777 
 76-0 
 76-8 
 73-8 
 
 70-6 
 7.V2 
 
 78-0 
 
 77-0 
 
 76-4 ! 
 
 74-0 
 
 707 
 
 74-6 
 
 --- 737 74-2 74-2 74'1 74-0 74'4 7.r2 76-2 
 
 73-6 
 75-9 
 73-1 
 73-9 
 747 
 76-2 
 
 74-2 74-2 
 
 75-9 75-9 
 
 72-8 72-9 
 
 74-0 73-9 
 
 74-3 74-3 
 
 75-6 75-4 
 
 74-5 74-6 
 75-9 75-8 
 73-2 72-9 
 73-8 737 
 
 75-4 
 75-2 
 72-3 
 74-0 
 
 74-2 74-0 737 
 
 74-9 
 74-0 
 71-8 
 73-4 
 74-2 
 
 74-4 757 
 74-0 73-2 
 71-5 71-3 
 73-2 73-2 
 
 74-0 73-4 
 
 75-4 75-2 75-6 76'0 757 7.V2 75-2 7.V4 
 
 73-2 73-2 73'4 73'6 73'5 74'0 75'2 77'2 
 
 71-5 717 71-8 71-8 71-3 72-:! 73-2 74-2 
 
 73-2 73-2 73-1 73-0 72'3 72-9 74'2 75-4 
 
 73-3 73-2 73-2 73-2 73'5 74 2 75 757 
 
 78-2 77-4 
 75-2 75-0 
 77'2 76-2 
 74-2 
 75-2 
 
 76-2 
 
 74-0 
 76-2 
 76'8 
 
 77-2 78-0 
 76-2 76-8 
 75-2 76-4 
 73-2 74-2 
 76'2 77-2 
 78-2 77-9 
 
 78-1 
 75-9 
 767 
 74-2 
 76-2 
 77-2 
 
 76-0 74-2 
 76-1 75-9 
 75-2 73-4 
 73-8 74'5 
 75-4 75-5 
 76-5 77-0 
 
 75-2 75-3 74-4 74-4 74-2 73-2 
 
 737 74-2 747 75'2 75-2 76-0 77'0 78'2 79'0 79'2 80'0 79'2 79-4 79'2 777 
 
 77-3 
 77-8 
 77-2 
 75-6 
 77-1 
 77-6 
 
 74-0 73-9 72-3 73'0 73'2 73'1 73'1 73'3 74-4 747 74-4 74'4 j 7 
 
 / 
 
 74-6 
 
 77-8 
 77-1 
 
 7i;-.-; 
 
 767 
 
 77-4 
 
 76-: i 
 
 767 
 74-!) 
 71-4 
 72-5 
 
 74-8 
 75-:5 
 75-0 
 72-8 
 74-3 
 74-9 
 
 76-3 
 
 Means | 76'2 75'9 75'9 757 76'0 75-8 75'8 75'5 75'2 75'1 75'0 74'9 747 74-4 74'8 757 76'3 767 767 77'0 77-2 77-1 767 76-5 | 75-9 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 135 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 
 (Corrected 
 
 to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 , 
 
 Dailvaw 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Madras 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 li. m. 
 
 li. m. 
 
 h. in. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 li. ni. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 li. in. li.ni. h. in. li.m. h. ni. li. m. h. in h. m. li.m. li.m. h. m. li.m. li.m. li.m. li.m. 
 
 Meant! 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 t.H 
 
 8.41 
 
 0.41 
 
 7.11 
 
 ,s.n 
 
 9.41 
 
 1". H 
 
 11.11 
 
 12.41 
 
 llt.ll H. M 13.11 10.41 17.41 18.41 1B.41 20.11 41.il 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' * 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 ooooooooooooooo 
 
 O 
 
 1 
 
 76-2 
 
 76-2 
 
 757 
 
 76-0 
 
 75-8 
 
 757 
 
 75-2 
 
 75-2 
 
 75-2 
 
 74-8 74-4 74-3 74 2 74*0 74-7 76'9 77'2 77'2 77'2 77'8 78'0 75'6 78-2 77'6 
 
 76-0 
 
 2 
 
 75-2 
 
 74-6 
 
 74-6 
 
 74-4 
 
 74-6 
 
 75-0 
 
 75-2 
 
 74-9 
 
 74-6 
 
 74-4 74-2 73-9 73'5 73'8 74'2 75'4 76'0 76-0 76-2 75-2 75'2 75-4 76-0 75-5 
 
 74-9 
 
 3 
 
 74-0 
 
 73-6 
 
 72-5 
 
 72-5 
 
 723 
 
 72-8 
 
 73-2 
 
 73-4 
 
 73-4 
 
 72-9 72-4 72-1 717 71-5 71'5 72-5 747 76-2 76-2 76'4 76-5 76'4 73-6 73-4 
 
 73-6 
 
 4 
 
 73-6 
 
 73-5 
 
 73-4 
 
 73-2 
 
 73-4 
 
 74-0 
 
 74-4 
 
 74-8 
 
 71-5 
 
 72-9 74-4 74-3 74'2 73-2 73'2 74-0 75-2 76-0 75-2 747 76-2 77'2 78'3 77-6 
 
 74-5 
 
 5 
 
 76-6 
 
 74-2 
 
 75-4 
 
 74-9 
 
 75-2 
 
 75-2 
 
 75-2 
 
 751 
 
 76-2 
 
 757 75-2 75-0 747 75-2 76-2 77'2 78'2 79'0 79'0 79-2 79-2 79-2 78-4 780 
 
 76-6 
 
 6 
 
 77-2 
 
 77-0 
 
 76-5 
 
 76-4 
 
 76-4 
 
 76-2 
 
 76-0 
 
 76-2 
 
 76-2 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 747 73-2 73-3 73-4 73-2 74'0 75-2 77'0 78'2 78'2 77-2 76-7 76'6 76'2 76-0 
 
 75-9 
 
 8 
 
 747 
 
 74-4 
 
 73-6 
 
 73-6 
 
 73-6 
 
 73-4 
 
 73-4 
 
 73-2 
 
 73-2 
 
 73-2 73-2 73-1 73-0 73-1 73'2 74-2 74'4 74-2 74'0 737 747 76'2 75-6 71-8 73-8 
 
 9 
 
 71-3 
 
 70-6 
 
 70-4 
 
 70-4 
 
 70-1 
 
 70-3 
 
 70-3 
 
 71-5 
 
 71-8 
 
 717 71-6 71-0 70-3 68'3 67'5 70'8 70'3 71:3 71'4 73-7 72'8 72'3 72'0 71-2 
 
 71-0 
 
 10 
 
 71-3 
 
 71-0 
 
 71-0 
 
 71-0 
 
 71-0 
 
 71-3 
 
 71-3 
 
 71-5 
 
 72-5 
 
 72-3 721 721 72'0 72'8 73'4 74'2 75'2 76-2 767 76'9 78'4 76-2 75-4 75-3 73'4 
 
 11 
 
 747 
 
 74-3 
 
 74-3 
 
 74-0 
 
 74-2 
 
 73-9 
 
 73-2 
 
 73-2 
 
 74-2 
 
 73-7 73-2 73-3 73'4 73-0 72-5 72-9 73'2 73'2 74'0 73'2 73'9 74'0 73 2 72-2 73-5 
 
 00 12 
 
 71-5 
 
 711 
 
 711 
 
 71-1 
 
 70-5 
 
 70-8 
 
 70-3 
 
 70-3 
 
 72-3 
 
 71-3 70-3 69-3 68 3 68-3 68'6 70-8 721 73'1 73'2 72-8 73'2 73'2 71'8 72-5 . 71-2 
 
 2 13 
 
 72-0 
 
 72-2 
 
 72-2 
 
 72-2 
 
 72-2 
 
 72-8 
 
 73-4 
 
 73-2 
 
 73-2 
 
 . . . 
 
 
 
 02 U 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 74-3 75-4 75-6 75-7 75-2 74"3 73'4 74'0 74'4 74-2 74-5 75-2 75'2 74-4 73-4 
 
 73-9 
 
 a 15 
 
 74-0 
 
 71-3 
 
 71-5 
 
 717 
 
 71-9 
 
 71'5 
 
 71-9 
 
 71-5 
 
 71-3 
 
 71-5 717 72-0 723 72'3 737 74'0 737 74-0 72'3 73-2 73-0 73-2 73-9 74-7 
 
 72-6 
 
 16 
 
 73-8 
 
 73-9 
 
 731 
 
 727 
 
 70-8 
 
 71-0 
 
 71-5 
 
 70-8 
 
 70-5 
 
 70-6 70-8 71-3 71'8 72'3 73'4 73'4 74-() 74-2 75-0 75-2 75'2 74'2 737 73'2 
 
 72-8 
 
 1 17 
 
 73-2 
 
 73-2 
 
 73-2 
 
 73-2 
 
 733 
 
 727 
 
 72-3 
 
 73-2 
 
 74-4 
 
 74-0 73-6 73-9 74'2 73-9 737 74'0 74-2 75"2 757 75-7 75'2 75'8 75-4 74-8 
 
 74-1 
 
 j> 18 
 
 74-4 
 
 74-2 
 
 74-2 
 
 73-8 
 
 74-9 
 
 74-6 
 
 74-9 
 
 751 
 
 75-2 
 
 74-9 74'7 75-0 75'2 74'2 74-2 74'6 75'2 76'2 76'2 76-2 76'4 75'2 75'0 75-2 
 
 75-0 
 
 19 
 
 75-2 
 
 74-2 
 
 74-2 
 
 741 
 
 73-9 
 
 73-4 
 
 73-4 
 
 74-4 
 
 74-4 
 
 743 74-2 74-0 737 73"2 73'5 73'4 73'9 74'0 74'2 74-2 73'0 73'2 73-2 73'0 
 
 73-8 
 
 ^ 20 
 
 71-8 
 
 71-3 
 
 72-5 
 
 72-2 
 
 72-6 
 
 71-1 
 
 71-3 
 
 72-5 
 
 73-8 
 
 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 73-5 73-2 73-6 73'9 74'2 74'2 75-5 74-8 76'2 76'2 76-4 77'2 777 767 767 
 
 74-1 
 
 22 
 
 76-2 
 
 75-4 
 
 75*2 
 
 75-5 
 
 75-4 
 
 75-2 
 
 74-4 
 
 74-4 
 
 74-4 
 
 74-5 74-7 74-6 74'4 74'2 75-0 75-2 77'4 78'0 78-2 75-0 77'2 78'2 77'4 77'5 
 
 75-7 
 
 23 
 
 76-4 
 
 76-2 
 
 76'2 
 
 757 
 
 75-8 
 
 76-2 
 
 75'9 
 
 75'2 
 
 74-2 
 
 74-3 74-5 74-9 75-2 75'2 73'3 74-4 75'2 77'2 78'2 77'7 78'2 78'2 77-2 77'0 
 
 759 
 
 24 
 
 76-6 
 
 76-2 
 
 76-2 
 
 761 
 
 76-0 
 
 76-2 
 
 75-9 
 
 75-4 
 
 75-2 
 
 74-9 74-7 74-5 74-2 75'0 75'8 76'0 76'2 77-2 77'2 78'2 78'2 78'2 777 75'2 
 
 761 
 
 25 
 
 747 
 
 75-2 
 
 75-2 
 
 75-3 
 
 76-2 
 
 75-4 
 
 75-2 
 
 757 
 
 75-2 
 
 75-2 75-2 75-1 75'0 75'0 75-2 75-2 74'7 76'0 76'9 77-4 78'2 77'4 761 75'4 
 
 75-7 
 
 26 
 
 75-2 
 
 74-4 
 
 74-8 
 
 75-0 
 
 74-7 
 
 74-2 
 
 73-9 
 
 73-4 
 
 73-3 
 
 72-8 72-3 72-3 72'3 72'5 72'3 72'4 73'2 74-2 76'2 75'2 757 75'9 747 74'4 
 
 74-0 
 
 27 
 
 74-9 
 
 74-9 
 
 74.0 
 
 7Q.O 
 
 7-3.1 
 
 7O.O 
 
 7^-1 
 
 170.0 
 
 70.9 
 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 I T3 ^J 
 
 / rr 1 
 
 I ^r 4J 
 
 / O t 
 
 / O J. 
 
 '_ 
 
 t O J- 
 
 _ 
 
 o x 
 
 701 67-0 667 66-3 66-7 69'0 67:3 69-5 70'3 71'3 72"! 72'9 72-1 72'3 71-3 
 
 71-1 
 
 29 
 
 721 
 
 71-6 
 
 701 
 
 70-3 
 
 70-3 
 
 70-8 
 
 70-3 
 
 70-5 
 
 71-3 
 
 70-8 70-3 71-1 71-8 71'5 71'3 72'3 73'1 73'6 74'2 74'2 74'2 74-4 73'3 731 
 
 71-9 
 
 30 
 
 727 
 
 72-6 
 
 727 
 
 72-7 
 
 73-0 
 
 73-2 
 
 73-4 
 
 72-9 
 
 71-3 
 
 711 71-0 71-4 71-8 70-8 70'6 70-5 71'5 73'4 73-4 74'4 75'2 75'0 74'9 73'3 
 
 72-6 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Means 
 
 74-2 
 
 737 
 
 73-6 
 
 73-5 
 
 73-5 
 
 735 
 
 73-4 
 
 73-5 
 
 73-5 
 
 73-2 73-0 73-0 72 9 72 8 73-0 737 74-4 75'2 75-4 75-4 75'8 75-6 75'2 74'6 74'0 
 
 1 
 
 74-2 
 
 73-4 
 
 73-4 
 
 73-5 
 
 73-5 
 
 74-2 
 
 74-2 
 
 73-9 
 
 72-8 
 
 71-8 71-3 71*3 71-3 70'8 71'0 72-0 73-4 74-2 75-0 74-6 74-2 74-2 75'4 73'3 73'2 
 
 2 
 
 737 
 
 72-5 
 
 72-5 
 
 72-5 
 
 72-5 
 
 723 
 
 72-3 
 
 721 
 
 7.1-8 
 
 71-5 71-3 71-3 71-2 711 71-3 72-5 73'2 73'4 73'2 73'2 73'6 7*2-3 71-8 71'6 72'3 
 
 3 
 
 71-9 
 
 721 
 
 721 
 
 721 
 
 72-3 
 
 71-9 
 
 717 
 
 71-3 
 
 70-3 
 
 69-8 69-3 69-2 69-0 69'3 69'6 71'3 72'3 71'5 7O8 70'5 71-3 7J-7 71'8 70'3 71-0 
 
 4 
 
 69 '0 
 
 69'3 
 
 691 
 
 691 
 
 691 
 
 /Q.O 
 
 i?Q-O 
 
 (JO- '-5 
 
 42Q.Q 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 \JiJ J 
 
 . 
 
 671 65-9 66-0 661 661 65'8 67-3 68'3 68'3 64-6 64'4 64'9 64-4 65-1 651 671 
 
 6 
 
 65-4 
 
 65-4 
 
 661 
 
 65-4 
 
 65-0 
 
 65-4 
 
 65'4 
 
 64-9 
 
 64-4 
 
 64-3 64-2 64-4 64'5 64'9 64'4 66'4 66'4 68'0 68'3 69 70'5 63'8 681 68'6 66'2 
 
 7 
 
 68-5 
 
 68-6 
 
 68-4 
 
 68-5 
 
 68-5 
 
 69-3 
 
 69-3 
 
 693 
 
 69-3 
 
 68-8 683 682 68-1 67-3 67'3 67'3 69'3 70'3 70'3 713 72'3 72~3 71-5 70'6 69'3 
 
 8 
 
 70-3 
 
 70-9 
 
 70-9 
 
 71-0 
 
 711 
 
 71-3 
 
 71-3 
 
 72-3 
 
 71-3 
 
 71-3 71-3 71-3 71-3 71-3 71-5 72-071-8 711 72-3 70'8 71'5 718 70-5 70'6 71'3 
 
 9 
 
 70-3 
 
 69-6 
 
 69-6 
 
 69-6 
 
 69-5 
 
 70-5 
 
 70-5 
 
 705 
 
 71-3 
 
 71-1 71-0 70-3 69-5 70-0 703 701 68'8 69'8 69'3 69'3 693 69~5 69'3 70'5 70'0 
 
 10 
 
 69-8 
 
 69-3 
 
 69-0 
 
 68-9 
 
 68-6 
 
 68-3 
 
 67-8 
 
 67-3 
 
 67-3 
 
 67-2 67-1 67-0 66'8 66'2 66'8 68-0 66-4 68'3 68'3 68'5 69-3 69-9 701 68'5 ' 68'1 
 
 11 
 
 68-3 
 
 68-0 
 
 677 
 
 67-4 
 
 67-3 
 
 66-9 
 
 68-3 
 
 68-3 
 
 68-3 
 
 . . 
 
 co 12 _ 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 68-2 68-1 681 68 67-3 67'3 66'4 67'8 69'3 69-7 70'5 70'8 69-9 69-4 68'3 68-3 
 
 2 13 68-3 
 
 67-2 
 
 67-3 
 
 67-2 
 
 666 
 
 66-4 
 
 66'4 
 
 66-9 
 
 667 
 
 66-9 67'2 67 1 67'0 667 66'4 67'5 681 67'9 9'0 67-4 69-0 68'3 67-6 67'4 67'4 
 
 ^ 14; 667 
 
 66-6 
 
 66-4 
 
 66-4 
 
 66-6 
 
 66-4 
 
 66-6 
 
 66-4 
 
 66-4 
 
 66 6 66-8 677 68'5 68-5 68'0 68'8 70'3 71-3 70-3 70 5 70-3 70-3 70'5 70'3 68'2 
 
 ^ 15 705 
 
 70-4 
 
 69-9 
 
 69-8 
 
 69-3 
 
 69-5 
 
 69-3 
 
 69-3 
 
 68-8 
 
 68-5 68-3 68 3 68'3 68-5 68'8 69'2 70'3 69'3 69-3 68-5 69'3 69'3 69'3 69'0 69'2 
 
 16| 68-3 68-3 67-6 67'6 67'8 68-3 681 67'8 67-u 
 
 17 69-0 69-5 69-3 69-3 69-3 68'8 68'5 68-3 67'3 
 
 18 71-5 71-3 71-3 711 70-3 69-5 69'2 69'3 69'3 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 31 
 
 70-8 70-8 70-8 70-6 70-6 70'3 70'3 70'3 70'2 
 
 70-5 70-6 70-6 7Cr6 70'6 70-3 703 701 691 
 
 71-9 707 70-4 701 701 70'3 70-3 70-1 69-8 
 
 68-3 68-5 69'0 69-3 69'5 693 68'3 681 67 3 
 
 68-3 68-3 68'3 68-3 67-5 67'8 677 67-8 68'3 
 
 69-3 69-3 691 69'3 69-5 69'5 69'5 69'5 69'3 
 
 ___ __ __ -- _ _ -_ _ __ 
 
 68.4 681 68'0 68'3 681 681 67'8 68-3 681 
 
 70-4 697 69-5 69.3 69'3 69'2 68-8 68'3 68'3 
 
 70-0 69-3 69'3 69-3 69'0 69'0 68'6 Ci8'5 68'3 
 
 69-6 68-8 69-3 68'6 68'3 68'3 681 67'8 67-3 
 
 69-0 68-2 68-0 68'3 68'3 68'5 68'0 677 67'3 
 
 677 67-9 681 68-3 68-3 67-3 681 69-3 70'3 
 66-9 66-5 66-7 66-8 66'3 66-6 68'3 69'4 71-3 
 
 69-5 697 69-5 69'3 69'5 68'3 703 71-5 71-5 
 701 700 69-6 691 68'5 68'8 701 71'5 72-8 
 68-6 08- 1 68-2 68'3 68-5 69'3 703 71-3 72-5 
 69-5 69-3 687 681 66'4 67'3 67'8 69'3 70'3 
 66-8 66-4 66-4 66-4 66'2 65-9 66'4 67'3 67'5 
 677 671 66-8 66-4 66'2 66'4 681 66-4 67'3 
 
 68'8 68-3 67-9 67'5 67'3 67"2 69'0 69'5 70'3 
 67-9 67-8 67-6 67'3 67'3 67-3 6S"8 701 70'3 
 67-8 67-3 66-9 6ti 4 66-4 6.VC, G7'8 69-0 69 3 
 68 2 681 677 67'3 67 3 67'3 681 69-5 707 
 66-8 66-4 66 4 66-4 66'2 661 67'0 68'3 68-9 
 67-3 67 3 67-2 671 66'6 66'4 67-2 68'3 69-5 
 
 703 70-8 71-3 71-3 71'0 70'2 
 
 72-3 71-3 71-5 720 71*3 71'5 
 
 72-5 72-3 72-9 71'8 71-5 707 
 
 70-5 71-2 72-2 72'3 71'9 71-3 
 
 73-2 73-4 73-6 72'3 72'5 71'5 
 
 708 71-2 71-8 71-0 70'0 708 
 
 67-8 68-3 69-0 69 2 68'5 68'3 
 
 67-3 68-2 61 69-3 69-3 69-3 
 
 70-5 70-3 7O4 
 70-8 71-8 711 
 69-5 70-3 
 70-3 70-3 
 71-0 70-2 
 711 708 
 
 70-3 
 70-5 
 70-3 
 711 
 
 69-6 68-8 68-4 
 70-5 704 70-4 > 
 70-3 70-4 70-3 
 70-3 70-3 70-2 
 70 3 69 4 691 
 71-3 70-8 69-8 | 
 
 68-8 
 69-1 
 
 70-6 
 70-6 
 70-6 
 69-8 
 
 67-8 
 67-8 
 
 691 
 68-9 
 68-8 
 691 
 68-3 
 68-5 
 
 Means 697 69-4 69-4 69'3 69'2 69'2 691 69'0 687 68'4 68'2 68'1 67'9 677 677 68-7 69'5 70'2 70'3 70'3 70'8 70-.5 70'2 69'8| 69"2 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
136 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC 
 
 YAPOl'R 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 Daily am 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Madras 
 
 
 it. in 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Means 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5.U 6.41 7.U 8. U 1U1 -10. H 11.41 12.il 1S.U U.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 
 
 lll.H 
 
 20,-tl 
 
 21.41 
 
 2^.H 
 
 2:1 u 
 
 0.4] 
 
 1.41 
 
 2.41 
 
 3.41 
 
 
 
 # # 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 69- -74 -73 -74 -76 -76 -82 -85 -86 -89 -92 "92 -93 -93 '89 
 
 85 
 
 80 
 
 76 
 
 73 
 
 71 
 
 67 
 
 71 
 
 71 
 
 72 
 
 0-795 
 
 2 
 
 72 -77 -81 -84 '85 -89 -91 -93 -92 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 -92 -92 -90 -88 '89 -90 
 
 89 
 
 83 
 
 77 
 
 72 
 
 75 
 
 62 
 
 62 
 
 61 
 
 63 
 
 812 
 
 4 
 
 66 -68 -72 -70 77 -81 '84 -90 -87 -88 '89 '89 -90 -90 -93 
 
 88 
 
 77 
 
 66 
 
 63 
 
 63 
 
 57 
 
 59 
 
 61 
 
 63 
 
 763 
 
 
 
 65 -67 -70 -68 '59 -65 -64 -64 -60 -61 '62 '64 '66 -73 -69 
 
 65 
 
 62 
 
 58 
 
 58 
 
 57 
 
 53 
 
 60 
 
 57 
 
 58 
 
 627 
 
 oo 6 
 
 62 -67 '69 -65 -66 -70 -71 '71 -66 -71 '76 -73 70 73 77 
 
 63 
 
 57 
 
 57 
 
 62 
 
 56 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 56 
 
 650 
 
 7 
 
 58 -61 -65 -65 -65 72 77 '80 79 -81 '83 '80 78 79 -80 
 
 65 
 
 56 
 
 55 
 
 58 
 
 51 
 
 49 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 664 
 
 *" 8 
 
 52 -57 "59 '59 -59 -57 '61 '64 -65 -65 -65 -63 '61 -64 71 
 
 75 
 
 67 
 
 69 
 
 58 
 
 50 
 
 49 
 
 49 
 
 55 
 
 57 
 
 605 
 
 Sx q 
 
 ^Q -RA. -KK -R7 -7fl -81 -Sd. -B^ -Sfi 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E " 
 
 3 10 
 
 t)& \J<r OO O / / \J o L orr OO ou 
 
 85 -83 -82 -82 '84 76 
 
 75 
 
 74 
 
 73 
 
 67 
 
 70 
 
 69 
 
 69 
 
 68 
 
 70 
 
 745 
 
 b 11 
 
 71 77 77 76 75 79 78 76 78 79 '80 '82 '85 -87 '90 
 
 88 
 
 88 
 
 83 
 
 79 
 
 73 
 
 70 
 
 69 
 
 69 
 
 73 
 
 784 
 
 fc ]9 
 
 74 78 -80 -81 -82 '86 -85 '88 '88 -91 -93 '92 '92 -92 -90 
 
 86 
 
 70 
 
 66 
 
 65 
 
 67 
 
 67 
 
 67 
 
 64 
 
 67 
 
 796 
 
 3 13 
 
 69 70 75 74 75 73 75 74 -82 -87 -91 '90 '90 '91 '89 
 
 85 
 
 70 
 
 68 
 
 66 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 64 
 
 65 
 
 64 
 
 756 
 
 1 14 
 
 68 70 75 75 76 75 76 75 74 -80 '85 '89 ; 93 -94 -90 
 
 86 
 
 79 
 
 70 
 
 73 
 
 72 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 66 
 
 72 
 
 768 
 
 Q3 15 
 
 73 73 77 79 -83 -86 -89 -92 '89 -90 "91 '9.1 -91 -92 -94 
 
 86 
 
 79 
 
 73 
 
 66 
 
 63 
 
 66 
 
 66 
 
 65 
 
 67 
 
 800 
 
 >-J lfi 
 
 KK '71 -7X -84. '8^ -88 -87 '8fi 'QO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 -<3 10 
 H 17 
 
 OO 1 L I O Orr CV> OO O 1 OO 17V 
 
 -91 -91 -90 -90 -89 -91 
 
 90 
 
 82 
 
 76 
 
 70 
 
 67 
 
 68 
 
 68 
 
 69 
 
 69 
 
 807 
 
 18 
 
 71 75 77 79 '80 -86 -88 '90 -91 -92 '93 -92 92 '95 -93 
 
 89 
 
 83 
 
 75 
 
 70 
 
 70 
 
 66 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 69 
 
 811 
 
 H 19 
 
 72 72 76 78 '85 -88 -90 '90 -93 '93 '92 -93 '94 -93 -93 
 
 88 
 
 77 
 
 74 
 
 66 
 
 63 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 64 
 
 63 
 
 802 
 
 (fa 20 
 
 65 '68 73 78 '82 '85 -87 '90 '88 -90 '91 -92 '94 '92 '93 
 
 98 
 
 83 
 
 76 
 
 69 
 
 63 
 
 66 
 
 65 
 
 67 
 
 66 
 
 800 
 
 O 21 
 
 68 72 73 73 75 76 79 '84 '86 '88 '90 '91 '92 -93 -92 
 
 77 
 
 79 
 
 72 
 
 68 
 
 66 
 
 61 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 66 
 
 772 
 
 [H 22 
 
 67 73 -80 -82 '86 -87 -87 '88 '92 -92 -91 '90 '89 '92 -93 
 
 92 
 
 86 
 
 79 
 
 73 
 
 76 
 
 70 
 
 68 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 822 
 
 & 23 
 
 74. -77 -7Q -ftl -SO -QA -QA -GQ -GO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (** it /y Ol o o^ 84 oO orf 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 P 24 
 
 -89 -88 -89 -90 '89 -90 
 
 84 
 
 80 
 
 71 
 
 67 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 67 
 
 63 
 
 65 
 
 790 
 
 S 25 
 
 69 73 76 78 78 77 78 78 -80 -83 -86 '89 -92 -91 -90 
 
 85 
 
 76 
 
 70 
 
 66 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 62 
 
 63 
 
 65 
 
 763 
 
 D 26 
 
 66 -68 72 74 75 74 -80 '82 '85 -90 -94 -92 -91 '90 -92 
 
 84 
 
 71 
 
 68 
 
 65 
 
 65 
 
 67 
 
 65 
 
 63 
 
 63 
 
 765 
 
 tr| 27 
 
 67 -63 -64 -66 '68 -69 -68 70 77 '84 -90 "92 -95 -93 '90 
 
 81 
 
 69 
 
 65 
 
 56 
 
 54 
 
 56 
 
 53 
 
 56 
 
 56 
 
 709 
 
 28 
 
 59 -65 -65 -69 71 73 79 -87 '91 -89 '87 -91 '95 -94 -89 
 
 83 
 
 76 
 
 61 
 
 62 
 
 63 
 
 63 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 64 
 
 753 
 
 29 
 
 62 .'66 71 71 72 75 -82 -86 '87 '88 '89 '89 -90 '92 -90 
 
 88 
 
 79 
 
 71 
 
 67 
 
 61 
 
 59 
 
 60 
 
 60 
 
 60 
 
 756 
 
 SO 
 
 fifi 72 7fi 7fi 7^ '7"; -7'^ -79 -79 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O\J 
 
 31 
 
 -80-88-87 -87 '87 -88 
 
 85 
 
 77 
 
 69 
 
 68 
 
 64 
 
 60 
 
 60 
 
 60 
 
 64 
 
 742 
 
 Means 
 
 666 -699 -730 741 755 780 -800 -817 -828 -849 -866 -867 -873 "881 '878 
 
 S31 
 
 754 
 
 699 
 
 6(i2 
 
 643 -623 
 
 629 
 
 632 
 
 645 1 75(i 
 
 
 # * 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 lu. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 K. 
 
 In. 
 
 In! 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In 
 
 1 
 
 G'623 (1-649 0-621 0'628 0'64l 0'652 0.670 0'671 0'678 OT>78 0'667 0'668 0'66'J 0'65S 0'631 
 
 O'(l) 
 
 0-660 
 
 0-(Wi 
 
 0-687 
 
 0689 
 
 0-66.-, 
 
 O'6'H 
 
 0'697 
 
 0-680 
 
 ()(>(>:! 
 
 2 
 
 'fifiK 'K8J. -RBI -RCkA -R7Q -RSA. 'R^n -RRR -RA.Q 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ooo OOT? ooj o7^e o / tJ OOT? o/u OOO O'*.' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 - -624 -598 '588 -578 '577 -582 
 
 640 
 
 683 
 
 696 
 
 679 
 
 691 
 
 633 
 
 603 
 
 580 
 
 582 
 
 642 
 
 4 
 
 596 -590 -607 -587 '612 -617 '621 -635 -598 '600 -601 '591 "582 '582 '570 
 
 609 
 
 624 
 
 595 
 
 582 
 
 582 
 
 546 
 
 562 
 
 564 
 
 585 
 
 593 
 
 5 
 
 595 -583 -586 -572 '493 -527 '522 -526 -502 '501 "500 '509 '519 '543 -538 
 
 533 
 
 534 
 
 531 
 
 546 
 
 545 
 
 520 
 
 577 
 
 542 
 
 551 
 
 537 
 
 co 6 
 
 565 -585 -585 '544 '549 '564 '571 -563 '539 '561 '583 "565 '547 "545 '549 
 
 523 
 
 527 
 
 542 
 
 575 
 
 546 
 
 529 
 
 523 
 
 512 
 
 53] 
 
 551 
 
 O T 
 
 oo 7 
 
 523 -524 '550 '535 '523 "552 '566 -572 '585 '600 -614 '588 '562 "552 "571 
 
 494 
 
 500 
 
 500 
 
 498 
 
 496 
 
 472 
 
 495 
 
 498 
 
 484 
 
 536 
 
 rt 8 
 
 460 -487 -492 '492 "488 "471 '497 -1)09 '513 '513 '512 '500 '488 '493 '525 
 
 581 
 
 576 
 
 620 
 
 564 
 
 502 
 
 496 
 
 492 
 
 546 
 
 542 
 
 515 
 
 fe 9 
 
 543 -553 -556 -554 '568 '598 "602 '602 "596 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 10 
 
 -655 713 712 711 725 "694 
 
 668 
 
 675 
 
 671 
 
 664 
 
 704 
 
 711 
 
 693 
 
 672 
 
 682 
 
 647 
 
 g H 
 
 669 -698 -684 '667 "660 '678 '676 '653 '660 "670 -680 '693 706 725 729 
 
 737 
 
 751 
 
 729 
 
 747 
 
 740 
 
 725 
 
 693 
 
 693 
 
 714 
 
 609 
 
 te 12 
 
 706 -695 -698 '695 "694 700 '671 "659 -648 '648 '647 '633 '619 '62 '625 
 
 630 
 
 603 
 
 596 
 
 611 
 
 635 
 
 637 
 
 634 
 
 626 
 
 642 
 
 649 
 
 3 13 
 
 637 -625 -645 -634 "640 '623 '630 -633 '664 '665 -665 '649 '633 '641 '625 
 
 651 
 
 623 
 
 645 
 
 620 
 
 630 
 
 641 
 
 644 
 
 644 
 
 630 
 
 839 
 
 1 14 
 
 629 '643 -648 '649 '643 '634 '64> '629 '621 '645 -668 '668 '669 '651 '634 
 
 <;r>9 
 
 679 
 
 682 
 
 722 
 
 716 
 
 681 
 
 675 
 
 685 
 
 680 
 
 661 
 
 P3 15 
 
 673 -664 -665 '673 '685 '684 '685 '681 '662 '652 -642 '639 '637 '629 "650 
 
 654 
 
 65] 
 
 689 
 
 640 
 
 623 
 
 656 
 
 667 
 
 642 
 
 662 
 
 659 
 
 g 16 
 
 625 -631 -656 "659 '633 '640 '614 '595 -604 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 g 17 
 
 593 -582 '572 '563 '557 '558 
 
 603 
 
 622 
 
 648 
 
 610 
 
 628 
 
 628 
 
 644 
 
 651 
 
 637 : 
 
 615 
 
 < 18 
 
 641 '643 -633 '629 -618 '610 -592 '591 -576 "571 '566 "562 '55!) 556 '543 
 
 599 
 
 645 
 
 640 
 
 630 
 
 653 
 
 6 IS 
 
 620 
 
 621 
 
 636 
 
 (icii 
 
 > 19 
 
 649 -626 -627 "632 -639 '630 -625 '625 -631 '625 -618 "613 '60S '594 '605 
 
 600 
 
 621. 
 
 644 
 
 624 
 
 612 
 
 til 2 
 
 619 
 
 619 
 
 611 I 
 
 622 
 
 &< 20 
 
 610 -608 -614 -613 -617 '619 '616 '617 -59s -5S7 -57<> '583 '590 '571 '569 
 
 62* 
 
 658 
 
 651 
 
 631 
 
 619 
 
 635 
 
 638 
 
 (157 
 
 638 i 
 
 614 
 
 21 ! 
 
 644 '635 -612 "595 '600 '60S '611 '625 -617 '613 -608 -608 "608 '605 '595 
 
 552 
 
 657 
 
 6(12 
 
 669 
 
 677 
 
 660 
 
 704 
 
 708 
 
 680| 
 
 631 
 
 fc 22! 
 
 659 '684 -685 '687 704 706 706 700 -684 '664 '644 -633 '622 '629 '629 
 
 663 
 
 702 
 
 715 
 
 708 
 
 764 
 
 725 
 
 704 
 
 692 
 
 699 
 
 684 
 
 O 9Q 
 
 hi 
 
 709 -689 -678 '684 '685 '690 '681 '671 '685 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 S 24' 
 
 __ -043 '600 -596 '592 '579 -583 
 
 608 
 
 664 
 
 654 
 
 652 
 
 836 
 
 659 
 
 679 
 
 639 
 
 652 
 
 650 
 
 ?H OK 
 
 H * J 
 
 676 -675 -652 '658 '637 '628 '637 '632 -636 '630 '623 '630 -638 '606 '603 
 
 629 
 
 639 
 
 658 
 
 649 
 
 638 
 
 657 
 
 646 
 
 648 
 
 642' 
 
 640 
 
 EH 26 
 
 628 -621 -615 "620 -627 '624 '665 '672 -681 '677 -673 -652 -631 '628 '639 
 
 641 
 
 623 
 
 648 
 
 637 
 
 663 
 
 ; 694 
 
 661 
 
 633 
 
 624 
 
 645 
 
 27 
 
 640 -52 -555 '556 -561 '560 '546 '543 '569 '576 -582 '578 -575 '556 "547 
 
 564 
 
 565 
 
 591 
 
 542 
 
 538 
 
 567 
 
 547 
 
 555 
 
 551 
 
 564 
 
 28 
 
 569 -600 -572 '595 '610 "623 '652 '664 -666 '640 '614 -625 -636 "612 611 
 
 594 
 
 625 
 
 574 
 
 616 
 
 642 
 
 624 
 
 652 
 
 656 
 
 626 
 
 621 
 
 29 
 
 603 -614 -614 -606 -604 '624 -663 '635 -614 '604 -593 '582 -571 '568 -562 
 
 618 
 
 645 
 
 643 
 
 635 
 
 608 
 
 602 
 
 60f> 
 
 599 
 
 600; 
 
 609 
 
 30! 
 
 624 -657 -654 -654 '648 '646 '633 '626 '622 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3li 
 
 _ _ _ -640 '657 -625 -593 -595 '611 
 
 64G 
 
 655 
 
 622 
 
 643 
 
 649 
 
 618 
 
 618 
 
 G16 
 
 643 
 
 633 
 
 Means 0- 6 22 "624 -622 -620 -618 -623 -625 -623 -619 -618 -616 '610 "604 '600 -599 
 
 614 
 
 631 
 
 636 
 
 630 
 
 632 
 
 624 
 
 627 
 
 623 
 
 623 
 
 0-620 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily mo;ni.<. 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 137 
 
 1 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THK AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR. 
 
 Gottinpen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6*78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Pnilyand 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Menu Time 
 
 h. in. li. m. li. in. b.ln. h. in. li. m. li. m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h.m. h.m h. in. h. m. h. m. h. na. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 1.41 .->. H 11.41 7.41 H.U (1.41 10.41 11.41 \'2 tl 1.1.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 28.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 5 5 
 
 2 6 
 
 OS 8 
 * 9 
 
 5 10 
 
 K , n 
 
 a 11 
 W 12 
 * 13 
 j U 
 15 
 * 16 
 
 1 17 
 
 18 
 
 1!) 
 
 3 20 
 
 * 21 
 22 
 
 S 23 
 24 
 g 25 
 26 
 * 27 
 28 
 
 0-66 0-73 0-79 0-83 0'90 0'90 0'87 0'89 0'91 0'93 0'95 0'!*4 0'94 0'89 0-93 0'91 0-82 078 0-70 0'66 0-62 0'55 0'60 O'tO 
 66 -71 -83 -85 "88 -90 '90 -90 -91 -93 '95 -94 .-94 -94 -92 -90 77 '64 -54 -'47 -43 -49 -53 "61 
 <!<; -71 -si -b<> !>() -90 -91 '90 -92 "92 '91 -94 "98 -94 -95 -i'4 -89 -76 -70 -65 '66 '60 '60 "65 
 1-1 78 -8:! 83 -84 -84 '84 -89 -91 "92 "92 -93 "95 -96 -95 '91 -83 -73 -65 -63 '61 -59 '61 -63 
 67 -75 -74 -79 '80 -82 '82 -81 '81 -86 '90 '89 '88 -89 -90 -79 '73 -68 -58 -55 '58 '57 '60 -62 
 R^ (><) -71 -7 r > -77 -70 -80 -81 -8'i 
 
 0-804 
 773 
 819 
 804 
 751 
 
 795 
 819 
 801 
 789 
 807 
 807 
 
 793 
 763 
 663 
 626 
 662 
 725 
 
 763 
 751 
 
 784 
 758 
 746 
 780 
 
 779 
 
 88 '92 -91 -91 -93 -95 -91 '84 -77 -69 -69 "68 '73 "71 -75 
 80 -82 -81 -81 -83 -86. -85 -86 -85 -90 "95 -96 '97 "93 -94 -91 -83 -75 -59 -67 "70 '68 "70 -68 
 70 -76 -78 -81 -83 "82 '84 '91 -90 -90 '89 -91 "93 -93 -94 -88 -80 -70 -67 -67 "65 -68 '66 -66 
 69 -74 '78 -7!) 7!t -84 -85 -89 -88 "86 "84 -89 "94 -93 -93 -90 -78 -68 -67 '65 "65 '63 "66 '67 
 68 -75 -83 -82 -8.1 "82 "84 -85 -85 -89 "93 -93 "93 -95 -94 -91 "83 -71 -68 -66 '69 -69 "68 "71 
 71 -76 -81 -81 +(> -87 "87 -87 "89 -92 '94 -93 "93 -94 -95 -89 -82 -72 -69 -67 "65 "62 "61 "64 
 n-7fi -7 C ) -78 -82 -82 -84 '84 -84 
 
 88 -91 -92 -94 -94 -94 -85 -78 -71 -67 -63 "65 '66 '67 -69 
 71 -74 -77 -78 '77 '79 '80 -81 '83 -83 "83 -85 '88 -86 -90 -86 -77 -66 -64 -67 "65 -64 "65 -62 
 63 -62 -59 -63 '63 '65 '67 '68 '68 '68 "67 "75 "83 -81 -81 -69 -60 -56 '59 -55 "58 '58 'CO -60 
 60 -59 -63 60 "60 -60 '62 -63 -62 -64 '65' -69 "74 -80 -82 -74 -68 -57 "52 -53 -53 "53 "54 -55 
 58 -61 -63 -61 -63 '62 '63 -65 -65 '72 '78 -84 "90 -87 -88 -77 -67 -59 -58 -56 "53 -53 '54 -52 
 54 -60 -65 -68 '68 '74 -77 -81 '88 '88 '88 '89 '90 -90 '89 -79 -70 -63 -59 -60 "60 -60 "58 "61 
 66 '68 '6 ( > '7'' '73 '74 '75 '75 '77 
 
 - - - - -83 "89 -89 -89 -89 '89 -87 -77 -75 -71 '70 "69 -67 '68 -70 
 72 -73 -74 -75 75 -79 '80 -80 '82 -81 '79 -83 "87 -91 '91 -77 -72 -66 -63 -62 -64 -61 '66 '69 
 71 '75 -75 -77 '79 -81 '81 "87 -91 -92 '93 -93 "94 -93 "92 -89 '81 -67 '62 -61 '60 '61 '63 -63 
 66 70 -74 -76 '76 -76 '77 -82 -80 -84 '88 -92 -96 -90 -90 -82 '76 -67 -67 -63 '61 -60 '62 -63 
 65 '70 -73 '74 '75 -75 "76 -81 -78 -82 '86 -88 '90 -92 -90 -79 '71 -66 -63 -63 "63 -62 "63 -66 
 67 '71 -78 -81 -84 -79 '79 -82 -87 -88 "88 '90 -92 -92 -90 -90 -76 -69 '66 -61 "62 -67 '67 "66 
 68 '70 -76 '77 '82 -80 '81 '83 '83 
 
 89 '95 -94 -93 -92 -91 -84 '77 -69 -65 -62 '62 '63 '65 -68 
 
 Means 
 
 0-C72 -712 -749 -765 -782 '792 '800 '821 '831 '855 '875 -892 -912 '908 -911 -851 -768 '685 '638 -622 '620 -616 -628 -644|0'765 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 oo 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 >H g 
 
 9 
 
 5 10 
 n 
 
 CQ TO 
 
 02 12 
 
 13 
 1 14 
 g 15 
 16 
 CU 17 
 
 S: is 
 
 ^ 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 M 23 
 g 24 
 W 25 
 H 26 
 27 
 28 
 
 * * 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 O'flSG 0-658 0-672 0'673 0'672 0'642 0'616 O'tllO 0'C02 0'598 0'594 0'585 0'577 0'523 0'534 0'588 O'GOO 0'658 O'ft46 0'637 0'621 0'576 0'612 0'615 
 
 641 -655 -680 -648 '639 -639 -613 -585 '584 -589 -594 -583 -572 '558 '543 '603 -584 -562 -530 '494 "467 -528 -564 '644 
 671 -659 -697 '692 -684 '650 -643 -629 '639 "624 '609 -625 -642 -592 '653 -673 -688 -673 -675 -682 700 '656 -637 '670 
 705 -724 -723 '710 -707 '696 '687 '692 '681 '659 '636 -644 -652 -621 '614 -649 '689 '684 '633 '625 -627 '607 "623 '624 
 659 -691 -617 "617 '601 -tiOl -595 -582 '573 -578 '582 -571 '560 -557 '567 '574 -595 -624 -571 '576 -618 '613 '640 '652 
 658 -645 '640 '658 '672 '678 '673 '670 '688 
 
 In. 
 0-614 
 587 
 657 
 663 
 601 
 
 735 
 764 
 716 
 685 
 722 
 743 
 
 735 
 709 
 581 
 559 
 565 
 581 
 
 704 
 714 
 700 
 686 
 680 
 701 
 
 734 
 
 _ _ _ -725 -762 -751 -741 -742 '758 -782 -817 '821 -766 "771 "777 "816 '800 "831 
 836 -825 -786 -786 -793 '794 '779 '786 '774 '784 -793 -772 -751 -70S '736 -754 -762 '762 -633 '731 '769 '741 '760 -733 
 734 -745 -725 '737 '732 '723 '735 -782 '779 '770 761 705 -650 '641 '669 -681 -693 -690 -686 709 714 713 704 7C6 
 717 717 716 707 "696 702 '694 -690 '674 '651 '628 -639 '651 -650 '641 -687 -676 '666 '686 702 709 '693 731 715 
 714 733 734 727 724 723 720 718 718 705 '692 -682 '672 '675 '673 728 744 713 717 738 765 780 769 774 
 763 759 752 740 773 754 749 750 753 745 737 721 706 '699 721 744 748 734 755 758 770 741 727 733 
 761 766 759 74x 759 750 762 757 740 
 
 - 725 710 714 719 718 731 717 725 724 722 '698 723 733 740 742 
 746 740 736 734 728 732 734 729 738 728 717 701 -685 '659 '669 709 710 -689 '674 '696 701 '697 '693 '672 
 648 -605 -557 '579 -569 "573 '578 '579 '580 -570 '559 -567 '575 '560 '560 '583 "552 '546 '583 "576 '603 '60S '620 '620 
 608 -573 -576 '549 -540 "535 '542 '546 '537 '542 '546 -545 -544 -557 '566 '578 "600 '562 -519 '566 '566 '561 '578 '575 
 587 -574 -561 '541 '545 '540 '543 "547 '553 '572 '590 -596-603 '574 '559 '569 '575 '577 -591 '577 '546 '547 '564 "520 
 535 -567 -576 -583 '581 '601 '574 '564 '596 '585 '574 -562 -550 '547 '558 '557 -586 -584 -570 '612 '625 '610 '609 "631 
 649 -644 -630 '640 '630 '641 '642 '644 '651 
 
 - 706 76] 734 707 704 -721 -749 748 762 763 782 768 736 739 740 
 751 739 716 716 719 735 734 729 735 719 702 701 701 710 710 700 705 '694 -673 '690 711 '686 710 742 
 746 735 722 '726 -728 732 '724 "708 718 713 708 -693 -679 -658 "668 701 731 '665 -657 '666 '659 '678 '693 "695 
 703 -703 705 -709 "700 '698 -690 -696 "681 -683 '685 -684 -684 -623 '624 -669 "693 '688 -696 '694 -691 '682 '690 '698 
 682 701 -688 '685 -686 '681 '673 -701 '675 '667 '659 '658 -657 -651 -628 '647 -672 '674 -680 '693 700 711 -714 731 
 722 -721 745 742 748 -702 -697 707 -699 '690 -681 '677 '674 -668 -664 -685 '648 716 -704 "662 "697 737 -722 -726 
 731 720 733 7'->5 75 C ) 734 740 -738 707 
 
 739 771 -745 720 703 '689 -740 760 748 728 723 723 735 750 763 
 
 Means ; 0-692 -692 '685 -682 -683 -677 -672 -672 -670 '669 -669 -(J61 -653 -637 "644 -669 -679 -676 '661 -669 "677 -674 -683 -690 1 0-672 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 35 
 
138 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 HUMIDITY OP THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAl'OUR. 
 
 
 Gottinpen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1(5 17 IS W 20 21 22 23 
 
 
 
 
 Daily am 
 
 Madras 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. 111. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. li. in. li. in. h. m h in. h m 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5,41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.11 23.11 n. 11 1.H 2.41 3.41* 
 
 
 
 # * 
 
 
 1 
 
 0-6t> 0-69 074 0-76 077 077 0'80 0'86 0'89 0-91 0'93 0'94 0'95 0'94 0'91 0'83 072 0'66 (K>9 0-63 0-65. 0'66 0'69 070 
 
 0777 
 
 2 
 
 71 74 76 76 76 79 '80 -81 -85 '86 "87 '89 -91 "91 -90 79 75 71 -til -67 -64 -62 -66 70 
 
 770 
 
 3 
 
 70 75 77 76 76 79 '82 '82 -82 -86 -89 "89 -90 '91 -91 -83 74 70 '68 '65 -65 -63 -62 -66 
 
 771 
 
 4 
 
 68 71 75 76 77 79 "81 -82 "84 -89 '93 -92 -91 -89 '89 -86 76 -68 '63 -59 -59 -62 (>] -64 
 
 764 
 
 5 
 
 68 -69 75 77 76 '81 '82 '82 '80 '83 '85 '87 -90 '93 -91 -82 79 -69 -66 -68 '63 -64 -65 -(58 
 
 768 
 
 ~ 
 
 68 76 79 -80 '82 -83 '83 '84 -89 
 
 
 
 S 7 
 
 -88 '86 -86 -86 -92 -91 -87 78 '69 -68 -66 -64 -68 -67 70 
 
 788 
 
 - 1 8 
 
 72 73 76 77 78 79 -80 '80 "86 '89 -91 -91 -91 '92 -91 -81 76 '69 -65 -63 -64 -61 -62 -62 
 
 770 
 
 W 9 
 
 66 70 74 77 79 -80 '82 "82 '87 '87 '86 '88 -91 '90 '91 -83 76 '68 '67 "67 -68 '67 '65 -66 
 
 774 
 
 1" 
 
 67 -69 75 77 79 77 78 79 '85 -86 '86 '88 -91 '92 '89 '80 -69 -62 -63 -62 -61 ' -62 -63 -64 
 
 752 
 
 3 11 
 
 63 -69 77 77 77 78 79 '80 "83 '86 '88 '89 -91 '90 '90 '82 77 71 70 72 -69 -69 '66 '69 
 
 776 
 
 3 12 
 
 71 74 77 78 "83 -84 -89 '91 '89 '90 '91 '93 -95 -94 '91 -88 77 70 -54 -61 -57 '46 '50 '52 
 
 769 
 
 1 13 
 
 57 -64 73 78 '83 "85 -86 "86 '87 - 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 -89 -90 90 -91 -91 '91 -85 76 71 -66 -64 -64 -64 -66 -67 
 
 777 
 
 5j 15 
 
 67 73 78 -81 -85 -85 -86 '90 -90 -91 '91 "92 -93 '93 '91 -88 77 72 -67 '65 -62 -60 -61 "65 
 
 793 
 
 53 16 
 
 69 73 79 -80 -82 -83 79 "85 -90 -92 -93 '93 -93 '93 "92 '87 79 -64 -58 "62 -64 -61 -67 72 
 
 788 
 
 W 17 
 
 74 77 -80 -80 -82 -82 -83 '85 '85 '88 "90 "92 -94 -95 '93 -82 72 -64 -67 '64 -60 -64 -66 '67 
 
 786 
 
 H 18 
 
 70 75 78 -81 -80 '82 -82 -86 '87 '90 -92 '93 -95 -95 '91 -85 73 -64 -63 '65 '59 -62 -63 -65 
 
 782 
 
 Eq 19 
 
 64 -69 74 74 76 77 77 79 -82 '84 '85 '87 -89 -92 '89 -83 -73 -63 -62 '64 -62 -60 -64 -65 
 
 748 
 
 O on 
 
 fi7 70 -74 -74. -7fi -7Q -81 -87 -90 - 
 
 
 wv 
 
 |H 21 
 
 91 -91 -94 -97 -95 '91 '83 78 70 -61 '61 -61 -61 -64 -66 
 
 776 
 
 & 22 
 
 70 74 79 -82 -82 '83 '85 -85 -87 "87 -87 -89 -91 "92 -93 -85 77 "65 -60 '58 -61 -60 -63 -67 
 
 776 
 
 Q 23 
 
 68 71 78 79 79 "80 '83 "86 '83 -86 '89 -91 -94 -93 -91 -86 71 -65 -65 "60 -61 -63 -63 -65 
 
 771 
 
 24 
 
 68 72 78 79 78 '80 "83 "83 "87 "89 "90 "92 -94 -93 -92 -86 78 '68 -62 -63 -65 -63 -63 -63 
 
 779 
 
 D 25 
 
 65 70 72 77 '82 -83 '87 '91 '87 -89 -90 -92 -95 "93 -91 "84 77 "65 -67 '58 '62 -67 '68 '68 
 
 783 
 
 W 26 
 
 70 75 79 -82 -81 -83 "85 '85 -89 -90 '91 '93 -95 -93 -92 '88 78 73 -69 '64 '63 "64 -65 -69 
 
 799 
 
 27 
 
 71 77 -80 7Q -81 -81 -K'i -83 '87 - 
 
 
 i 
 
 28 
 
 -89 -91 -91 -91 -91 -87 -84 78 72 "66 -62 -59 '64 -63 -65 
 
 781 
 
 29 
 
 69 74 78 79 -80 76 -80 -81 "85 -87 '88 "89 -91 -92 -91 '85 78 "64 -58 -61 -63 -63 -65 -66 
 
 768 
 
 30 
 
 72 73 78 -80 -80 -81 "82 '84 -86 -90 -93 "91 -90 -90 -89 -81 72 -62 -56 -63 -66 -63 65 -68 
 
 773 
 
 81 
 
 71 76 77 79 79 -81 "83 "82 "86 -88 -90 '91 -92 -92 -87 '83 73 -65 -60 -62 -60 '63 -66 '65 
 
 771 
 
 Means 
 
 0-682 723 767 782 795 -806 -823 '840 '862 -882 -895 -906 -921 "923 -906 -840 '755 -674 -634 -633 -626 -627 6-40 -661 
 
 0-775 
 
 
 In. Jn. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In.' 
 
 In. 
 
 1 
 
 0-734 0'715 0-732 0741 0-741 0-731 0-739 0768 0'769 0768 0767 0766 0765 0750 0741 0759 0726 0736 0725 0780 0793 0785 O'SOO 0'807 
 
 0756 
 
 2 
 
 786 -:75 -756 751 739 -769 -766 775 778 775 771 765 759 754 753 '749 -770 '801 "737 -821 -775 764 798 797 
 
 770 
 
 3 
 
 769 780 '762 744 738 769 -782 782 783 783 "783 -781 780 764 -776 786 773 "803 -820 -807 755 745 739 766 
 
 774 
 
 4 
 
 763 759 747 738 743 -754 765 '761 763 764 765 752 740 '733 741 746 744 -741 733 705 -7.18 -760 '736 754 
 
 747 
 
 5 
 
 758 -715 735 736 -723 -754 -736 736 -712 -693 -673 -680 '687-685 -689 715 769 737 -738 783 745 752 -750 777 
 
 729 
 
 
 T^P '7Q1 '77'i -Ifi^ -7^8 -7ftn -'KO -7^8 -Tfi7 
 
 
 ~ 
 
 
 
 10 7 
 CO ' 
 
 729 -691 -685 -680 701 "688 771 764 742 -783 -784 752 786 -787 781 
 
 750 
 
 rt 8 
 
 783 753 753 -739 -738 745 745 734 747 742 736 -724 .712 -712 708 707 '738 715 -730 722 748 -727 '717 71(5 
 
 733 
 
 W 9 
 
 726 715 -715 723 726 724 731 728 737 '696 '655 -659 '664 '664 -671 '695 720 720 -741 755 -763 765 -751 742 
 
 716 
 
 rt 10 
 
 736 -723 723 -721 727 710 710 713 701 '692 '682 -678 "675 "659 -665 "685 -671 -645 -693 711 -691 -729 -734 724 
 
 700 
 
 " 11 
 
 695 -715 746 -744 739 745 745 '744 739 -733 727 -730 734 704 708 736 756 '746 -804 -836 -825 -824 790 -818 
 
 753 
 
 S 12 
 
 824 799 773 772 773 779 776 754 .712 701 "689 '693 '698 730 736 765 743 739 -637 741 72:! -002 '613 '657 
 
 726 
 
 1 1'3 
 
 'fi7fi '79^ 7.1ft -7^ -7fil -7^1 -*7AA -71 R 79'3 
 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 <> / O i jaO f*o /oD /Dl f 01 /4?4 / 1O 1 Go 
 
 --------- -737 750 742 734 736 759 -778 789 793 -762 761 783 784 -807 788 
 
 755 
 
 15 
 
 758 -780 789 788 -797 773 747 760 752 731 710 710 "711 707 712 -756 776 777 -764 755 -739 -727 737 775 
 
 751 
 
 P* 16 
 
 775 -780 -792 '788 790 786 -751 766 780 783 785 783 781 778 771 -803 "823 754 -727 -772 -809 771 -815 -862 
 
 784 
 
 ^ 17 
 
 852 -819 -814 -801 -713 '812 -816 -814 792 '786 780 774 -769 771 '782 -798 778 789 -815 -804 -762 '804 -823 -808 
 
 799 
 
 > 18 
 
 814 -816 -811 -811 794 797 784 796 791 783 775 770 765 746 760 -805 -782 730 -744 781 716 -741 748 761 
 
 776 
 
 19 
 
 750 746 -759 732 742 742 743 747 744 738 731 720 -709 706 719 -750 753 '699 -727 -746 -738 734 76<i -757 
 
 737 
 
 20 
 
 7(vl '74.8 -1Af) -7Q9 -7^K It.Ct -7^J. -7A.Q -7^7 
 
 
 I 21 
 
 -------- 746 734 738 -742 '717 715 739 796 793 730 741 764 769 '821 -832 
 
 755 
 
 22 
 
 841 -826 -828 '827 -818 '814 819 -813 '817 794 771 775 779 775 -801 -812 -819 779 -735 753 793 793 -812 -839 
 
 801 
 
 % 23 
 
 830 -814 '823 -814 -806 "802 -814 -817 762 773 784 787 -790 781 '782 -850 '780 780 -801 -790 '800 -812 "821 -830 
 
 802 
 
 S 24 
 
 838 -834 -839 826 -819 810 -812 789 773 765 757 763 769 760 -784 -828 '827 791 7sii -S25 -864 -868 -843 -836 
 
 809 
 
 ^ 25 
 
 833 -826 779 '801 -822 '816 -803 793 -763 760 757 773 790 -760 779 -811 -820 761 -843 753 -798 -843 -853 -847 
 
 799 
 
 26 
 
 849 -828 -834 '833 -809 -816 -817 -805 '811 '807 '803 798 793 772 783 -809 -824 -837 -850 -804 -803 -823 -834 -S52 
 
 816 
 
 97 
 
 ft'37 -SiAft ft^9 -Cm -7QO -7Qyi -7Q/? -7Q^t -CAn 
 
 
 A / 
 
 28 
 
 Do* o-to ooj oui / 34 /y4j /yo /oo ouu 
 ------- -817 -834 -835 -837 -837 -848 -866 -853 -856 -840 -822 790 -832 -816 -831 
 
 825 
 
 29 
 
 848 -837 -828 '828 -829 '893 -802 -816 '830 -820 -809 798 '788 -798 -810 730 -857 -783 -759 -798 -841 -822 -834 -832 
 
 816 
 
 30 
 
 846 -834 -845 -841 -834 '833 '837 -843 -851 "861 -870 "838 -807 -801 '809 -846 -835 -781 -770 -843 -873 -844 -Sfi2 '875 
 
 837 
 
 31 
 
 864 -866 -847 '853 -850 -862 -868 -859 -865 -873 '881 '866 "851 -833 "827 -864 -837 -841 -801 -824 -816 -853 '873 -836 1 
 
 S50 
 
 Means 
 
 0789 784 782 778 776 778 -776 775 771 765 758 755 752 746 752 -780 782 766 763 778 777 7bO 78* -796 
 
 0773 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the Jaily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 139 
 
 HUMIDITY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE 
 
 AIR 
 
 AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR. 
 
 
 Gottin<?eii 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 10 .1.1 12 13 14 15 ]6 17 18 19 20 21 
 
 22 23 
 
 Daily an< 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. 
 4.41 
 
 h. m. 
 
 ,-,.4i 
 
 b. m 
 6.41 
 
 . h. m. h. m 
 7.41 8.41 
 
 h. in 
 0.41 
 
 . h. m 
 10.41 
 
 . h. m 
 11.11 
 
 h. in 
 11'. M 
 
 b. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. b. m. b. m. h. m. b. m. h. m. b. m. h. m. h. m. 
 l:<.ll 14.11 1.-..I1 1C.H 17.41 18.41 19. -11 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 
 
 h. in. b. m. 
 2.41 3.41 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 s 
 
 oo 6 
 7 
 ^ b 
 J 9 
 
 S 10 
 
 ft 11 
 ^ 12 
 
 i S 
 
 i-j 14 
 15 
 
 3 16 
 
 55 17 
 
 EH L 
 18 
 
 S 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 | 24 
 
 a 25 
 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0-68 
 68 
 68 
 
 
 
 68 
 68 
 53 
 66 
 63 
 60 
 
 * 
 
 76 
 75 
 72 
 71 
 
 70 
 
 70 
 63 
 66 
 61 
 
 72 
 66 
 
 72 
 69 
 68 
 83 
 72 
 
 0-75 
 
 72 
 74 
 
 71 
 74 
 66 
 74 
 71 
 70 
 
 84 
 83 
 81 
 
 77 
 77 
 77 
 
 75 
 70 
 71 
 71 
 75 
 69 
 
 76 
 
 74 
 74 
 85 
 79 
 
 0-77 
 
 77 
 77 
 
 77 
 77 
 75 
 
 78 
 77 
 75 
 
 86 
 86 
 84 
 82 
 81 
 82 
 
 78 
 75 
 74 
 76 
 80 
 77 
 
 78 
 78 
 76 
 84 
 82 
 
 O'SO 0-80 
 80 -80 
 76 -76 
 
 79 79 
 78 -80 
 79 -81 
 80 -81 
 82 -84 
 79 -80 
 
 87 -84 
 87 '88 
 85 -87 
 85 '84 
 84 '85 
 82 -84 
 
 81 -83 
 79 '82 
 78 "79 
 79 "82 
 80 '83 
 80 '82 
 
 82 '82 
 77 -77 
 77 -76 
 85 -84 
 83 -84 
 
 0-80 
 81 
 78 
 
 85 
 82 
 83 
 83 
 86 
 76 
 
 84 
 89 
 87 
 85 
 
 84 
 85 
 
 84 
 82 
 80 
 82 
 82 
 82 
 
 82 
 77 
 77 
 84 
 86 
 
 0-82 
 82 
 31 
 
 85 
 82 
 84 
 84 
 89 
 76 
 
 84 
 92 
 
 87 
 87 
 86 
 84 
 
 85 
 81 
 .83 
 85 
 
 84 
 84 
 
 82 
 78 
 79 
 86 
 90 
 
 0'82 
 84 
 82 
 
 92 
 82 
 85 
 87 
 91 
 76 
 
 86 
 92 
 88 
 90 
 
 88 
 
 84 
 
 84 
 83 
 
 86 
 86 
 84 
 85 
 
 84 
 84 
 82 
 87 
 93 
 
 0-84 
 83 
 
 85 
 
 91 
 80 
 87 
 92 
 94 
 77 
 
 87 
 92 
 88 
 91 
 91 
 86 
 
 90 
 86 
 91 
 89 
 78 
 86 
 
 87 
 84 
 83 
 87 
 91 
 
 0*87 0-90 0*90 0-90 0'89 0'86 0'79 0-70 0'68 0'67 0'64 0'58 0'59 
 80 -89 -90 -91 -91 -91 -85 '80 "71 '63 '55 -53 '47 
 
 0-60 0-63 
 57 -65 
 
 0-762 
 759 
 
 773 
 784 
 737 
 766 
 766 
 751 
 
 726 
 789 
 796 
 795 
 800 
 796 
 
 781 
 755 
 739 
 760 
 767 
 749 
 
 763 
 775 
 763 
 805 
 820 
 827 
 
 89 -92 '93 -94 -97 -90 '84 '75 -69 -60 "61 '64 '61 
 93 -94 -92 -91 '91 '89 '82 '73 '65 '65 -65 -62 -65 
 82 -83 -85 -87 -89 '84 '84 78 '68 "64 '59 '56 '53 
 88 -88 -89 -90 -92 '91 '83 -74 -66 '65 "64 '66 '63 
 92 -92 -92 '92 -93 '93 '85 -74 '62 '52 "58 '58 '57 
 94 -94 -94 -95 -92 '91 -75 '64 -57 '53 '47 '50 '52 
 
 65 -65 
 63 -64 
 45 -48 
 65 -62 
 58 '56 
 53 '55 
 
 81 -84 -85 -S7 -88 '84 '76 -67 -57 '53 '49 '58 -63 
 87 -87 -88 -90 -88 '86 '77 "67 -61 '60 "62 '66 -68 
 91 -90 -88 -87 -86 '84 '76 '66 -63 "62 '63 '63 "66 
 88 -87 -89 -91 -92 '88 '79 '72 -69 '69 '66 "62 -61 
 93 '95 -94 -94 -93 '90 '81 "69 -65 '67 '64 -66 -65 
 92 -93 -94 -96 -90 -92 '81 '69 -71 '68 '63 '61 '59 
 
 67 74 
 72 74 
 68 72 
 64 '69 
 64 '67 
 63 71 
 
 89 -92 -94 -97 -92 -88 '77 "67 -64 -64 '63 "63 -63 
 91 -91 -91 -91 -90 -88 '76 '68 -57 '56 '52 '55 '57 
 88 -90 -90 -91 -89 '84 '77 '68 '62 "53 '54 -57 -57 
 91 -90 -90 -91 '92 '88 '79 -69 -64 -62 "61 '60 '60 
 91 -92 -92 -93 '91 '88 '79 '71 -64 '61 '61 -58 '60 
 83 -87 -87 -87 -92 -88 '76 -66 '62 '61 '58 '60 '55 
 
 62 -65 
 59 -60 
 54 -59 
 59 "59 
 62 -66 
 57 '61 
 
 87 -88 -89 -90 '89 -87 '74 -72 -62 -64 '63 '6 -63 
 88 -88 -91 -94 -92 -86 '81 '69 '69 '64 '62 '60 -60 
 87 -89 -89 -90 '90 -79 '73 '71 '69 '65 '66 '66 '66 
 84 -84 -84 -84 -87 -86 -81 -77 '77 -79 '78 -82 -84 
 87 '86 -90 -94 -92 -92 '87 '84 -73 '71 '68 '70 '68 
 92 -92 -92 -92 -92 '84 '92 '84 '75 .72 "74 '71 '70 
 
 64 -67 
 65 .66 
 67 '67 
 87 '86 
 71 70 
 71 71 
 
 Means j 0-687 
 
 748 
 
 788 
 
 809 -818 
 
 825 
 
 839 
 
 857 
 
 869 
 
 885 -895 -901 '911 '907 -876 -800 -717 '658 '631 -615 '618 -616 
 
 632 -655 ]0773 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 oo 7 
 >o ' 
 oo g 
 
 ~ 10 
 
 S fj 
 
 5 12 
 
 1 13 
 14 
 
 15 
 g 16 
 
 "1 17 
 > 18 
 
 fe 19 
 20 
 % 21 
 2 22 
 g 23 
 W 24 
 H 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. 
 
 0-845 
 
 825 
 839 
 
 847 
 875 
 740 
 839 
 825 
 843 
 
 1-002 
 0-966 
 
 955 
 914 
 920 
 891 
 
 915 
 
 827 
 859 
 805 
 921 
 857 
 
 942 
 922 
 928 
 926 
 943 
 
 In. 
 
 O'SOl 
 
 806 
 830 
 
 814 
 876 
 818 
 876 
 870- 
 871 
 
 994 
 991 
 951 
 906 
 913 
 927 
 
 921 
 
 860 
 864 
 856 
 919 
 849 
 
 952 
 927 
 928 
 913 
 943 
 
 In. 
 0-852 
 
 819 
 819 
 
 849 
 880 
 867 
 887 
 891 
 900 
 
 994 
 983 
 945 
 915 
 913 
 921 
 
 908 
 857 
 844 
 861 
 899 
 880 
 
 918 
 931 
 928 
 905 
 927 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-865 0-865 
 
 838 -825 
 797 -792 
 
 861 -847 
 860 '876 
 883 -865 
 889 -890 
 909 -923 
 920 '922 
 
 i-ooo -972 
 0-974 -975 
 938 '944 
 925 '914 
 918 -921 
 906 -920 
 
 917 '922 
 
 885 "839 
 855 '850 
 881 '889 
 883 "892 
 889 '904 
 
 929 "923 
 893 "878 
 912 '906 
 903 -897 
 930 '928 
 
 In. 
 
 0-859 
 
 833 
 799 
 
 888 
 861 
 863 
 892 
 932 
 881 
 
 963 
 984 
 940 
 913 
 900 
 912 
 
 915 
 
 879 
 *61 
 883 
 879 
 894 
 
 918 
 
 892 
 908 
 908 
 912 
 
 In. 
 
 0-860 
 
 821 
 812 
 
 886 
 859 
 842 
 889 
 952 
 866 
 
 957 
 992 
 940 
 924 
 905 
 901 
 
 912 
 
 868 
 861 
 889 
 880 
 900 
 
 913 
 888 
 932 
 905 
 931 
 
 In. 
 0-851 
 
 841 
 
 784 
 
 893 
 850 
 833 
 889 
 945 
 853 
 
 980 
 987 
 944 
 934 
 913 
 902 
 
 900 
 868 
 873 
 890 
 73 
 904 
 
 923 
 908 
 931 
 909 
 940 
 
 In. 
 0-849 
 
 815 
 765 
 
 885 
 825 
 825 
 878 
 927 
 849 
 
 969 
 
 984 
 944 
 927 
 920 
 908 
 
 910 
 
 876 
 858 
 897 
 813 
 891 
 
 940 
 902 
 944 
 904 
 920 
 
 * * 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0-853 0-856 0'838 0'820 0789 0795 0'837 0'826 0'840 0'867 0*52 0779 0787 
 811 -806 -795 -785 -761 '782 '814 -830 '813 "813 '754 '781 '711 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0792 0-802 
 
 773 -841 
 
 In. 
 0-835 
 804 
 
 835 
 866 
 
 838 
 844 
 857 
 868 
 
 898 
 957 
 936 
 926 
 906 
 900 
 
 903 
 866 
 846 
 846 
 860 
 849 
 
 902 
 922 
 914 
 924 
 904 
 925 
 
 805 -844 -855 '867 '878 '862 '878 -888 '871 '829 '820 '858 '851 
 885 -884 -861 -838 '803 '852 '918 '865 '862 '878 "896 '863 '880 
 820 -815 '821 -827 '820 '818 '860 -866 '851 '875 '884 '860 '811 
 806 -787 -793 '799 '798 "841 -886 -875 '850 '872 '894 '908 '872 
 863 -847 '843 '839 '849 '882 '904 -881 "824 752 '849 "835 -836 
 923 -918 -893 -869 '847 '864 '829 -804 '802 '814 779 798 '824 
 
 864 -839 
 863 '862 
 694 719 
 896 -832 
 827 798 
 844 '843 
 
 883 -916 -912 '909 '934 "939 -938 '918 '871 '850 '824 '895 '919 
 955 -940 -951 -962 -944 '954 -942 '905 '890 '90S '915 '946 '968 
 966 -947 -928 '909 '884 "876 -876 '869 '884 '904 '894 '888 '938 
 942 -940 -936 -932 '913 "926 '907 '909 '910 -937 '928 '883 '860 
 926 -925 -905 '886 -875 '901 -920 -879 '866 -902 '899 '917 '904 
 915 -909 '902 -896 '854 '928 -y26 -864 -918 -925 "893 '860 -819 
 
 945 -990 
 969 '-981 
 939 -938 
 889 -918 
 869 -898 
 867 -903 
 
 916 -923 -915 -907 -868 '911 -942 '867 -869 -890 '894 -917 -884 
 901 -891 -877 -864 -845 '882 '875 '847 773 798 751 792 '800 
 874 -872 -868 -864 -838 '843 '886 '833 -824 792 789 '808 '800 
 839 -820 -803 786 -804 '820 '891 -855 -866 '853 '864 -860 '856 
 881 -865 -850 -836 -809 '842 '871 -862 -852 -849 -851 -830 -842 
 819 -825 -817 -810 -833 '868 '877 -814 -826 '852 "823 '830 781 
 
 889 -904 
 837 '821 
 778 -817 
 840 '819 
 863 "894 
 800 -838 
 
 920 -948 -939 -931 -897 '909 -906 -897 -861 -906 -915 -908 '894 
 942 -944 -931 -918 -922 '937 -939 -912 -942 -893 -890 -877 '867 
 916 -929 -922 -916 -893 "901 '903 -908 -910 -926 -928 -928 '929 
 941 -937 -918 -900 -903 "918 -922 -911 -884 -902 -921 -970 '962 
 899 -893 -888 -884 -895 '894 -859 -900 -916 -926 '875 -915 '907 
 925 -930 -921 -913 -894 '900 '895 -S98 -918 -927 -961 '925 -921 
 
 907 -936 
 926 -931 
 951 -935 
 938 -940 
 945 -922 
 942 -948 
 
 Means 0-883 
 
 894 
 
 896 
 
 898 '897 
 
 895 
 
 896 
 
 897 
 
 889 
 
 889 -889 -880 -872 -860 -879 '892 '872 "865 '871 '867 '870 '862 
 
 871 -880 0-882 
 
 The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sate of obtaining the daily means. 
 
140 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 
 Gotttngen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 li. m. h. m. 1). m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m, h. m. h, m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h,-m. h. m. h. m. li m. h. in. h. m. h m. h m h m 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 0.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.il 22. 41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 S.41 
 
 Jlonthly 
 Means 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 oo 
 
 1 8 
 
 0-70 0-75 0-81 0-80 0'81 0'80 0'83 0'86 0-91 J"l__ __________ 
 0-91 0-90 0-92 0-95 0-94 Oi)l 0-83 0-77 0-69 0-67 0-65 0'67 0'63 0'60 0-65 
 67 -73 -80 79 -80 '80 -80 -84 '85 -90 '94 -93 '92 -89 -84 -80 -80 -91 -92 -91 -92 -86 "80 -88 
 85 '86 -87 -86 -88 -85 -84 -86 '87 "90 '93 -90 "88 -89 -93 -92 -94 1-00 -93 '97 '99 -99 -98 -95 
 94 -93 -93 -93 -91 -91 '91 -91 '91 -92 -93 -96 '99 -92 -91 -85 -83 0-80 -78 76 -77 78 "83 -83 
 78 79 '87 -90 -92 '91 -92 -94 '94 '94 '94 -92 -91 '92 -90 -86 -79 -77 -73 -73 -67 -69 -71 -70 
 76 76 -80 -84 -85 -88 -89 -92 -94 -93 "92 -94 '96 '94 -85 -77 -72 -66 -62 -60 '02 -67 -67 -68 
 70 -77 -81 -83 -83 -83 -88 -89 -91 
 
 0790 
 846 
 910 
 
 881 
 842 
 800 
 
 a !? 
 
 3 13 
 
 ->} 14 
 
 -90 -89 -91 -94 -83 -83 -82 -82 77 '75 72 71 '64 -64 -65 
 75 -82 -88 -84 -87 -88 -91 -93 -92 -92 '92 -93 -94 -95 -88 -82 '79 -76 -65 -60 -59 -57 -68 -72 
 72 79 '83 -86 -87 '88 -88 '83 -84 -88 '92 -88 -85 -82 -79 -70 -64 -59 -54 '61 -65 -64 -66 -66 
 71 -76 79 79 '80 -79 -82 -82 -85 -89 '92 -91 -90 '87 '81 78 '73 -71 -60 -67 -68 -72 -73 '72 
 75 77 77 77 '79 "80 '82 -84 -89 '89 '88 -89 -91 '84 -82 -71 -68 '63 -64 -65 -65 -63 -64 -69 
 74 76 -82 -82 '82 "82 -84 -84 -85 -87 "88 -93 -99 -96 -82 -72 70 -62 '58 '67 '65 -65 -65 '67 
 fi9 -fi7 7^ -79 '80 -82 -83 -84 -86 - 
 
 803 
 813 
 764 
 782 
 765 
 778 
 
 W 16 
 17 
 
 r! 18 
 u 19 
 
 fc 20 
 21 
 
 P 00 
 
 72 -57 -60 -64 '66 '65 -66 -57 '61 '50 -51 -48 -49 -44 -43 
 44 -50 "54 -67 78 '82 -84 '84 '84 '85 '86 '87 -89 '86 '82 72 75 73 7J -65 -60 -62 -59 -60 
 61 -62 -87 -85 '85 79 -80 -79 79 '81 '83 -82 -81 "82 -85 -91 -86 '78 -74 -67 -66 -64 -63 -68 
 71 '67 '69 -70 75 76 79 '82 '84 -82 -80 -81 '82 -81 -80 "71 -67 '56 -54 -52 -49 '51 -48 -47 
 53 -49 '53 -54 '57 '61 -63 -61 '63 71 78 -77 -76 '87 '87 73 -63 '59 -54 -50 -50 -47 -47 '47 
 45 -60 71 78 79 -80 -81 '80 -80 '82 '83 '84 -86 -83 -78 72 -66 '59 '55 -52 -50 -51 -48 '62 
 fiS 74. 7fi -80 -81 -82 -82 -84 -86 - 
 
 649 
 725 
 770 
 689 
 617 
 694 
 
 t-l * 
 
 a 23 
 
 24 
 W 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 -86 -86 -83 -81 '75 -62 -54 -50 -47 -45 '42 -41 -40 -36 -49 
 59 '68 74 76 -78 -84 -82 -81 '81 '80 78 -79 -80 -80 -71 -65 -54 -50 -47 -44 -40 '38 -38 -48 
 58 '58 -68 75 -80 '80 -81 '80 '82 '81 '79 77 76 74 '67 '57 -51 -48 -49 -46 -40 '40 -53 -52 
 56 -66 77 79 "82 -80 -78 -84 -84 '87 '90 '84 79 '73 -68 '60 -54 -52 -48 '46 '43 '41 -60 -63 
 68 72 72 78 -80 76 74- 76 75 78 '81 -84 -88 '88 -84 -70 -56 -60 -50 -48 -40 '44 -57 -62 
 64 -70 75 77 79 -82 -81 '82 '82 '85 '88 -88 '89 '85 '78 -68 -57 '51 '43 -41 '43 -51 '61 "60 
 61 -68 78 79 '80 '80 -84 -83 -82 - _____ 
 83 '84 -84 -85 '84 -78 -65 -53 '45 -43 '41 -43 -48 -48 -59 
 60 -63 -69 -70 '69 74 76 '80 '80 -81 '82 -81 '80 79 70 '57 -49 '46 '41 -41 -39 '34 -36 -47 
 
 663 
 656 
 647 
 681- 
 692 
 700 
 
 683 
 627 
 
 Means | 
 
 0.671 709 768 789 -807 -813 -824 '834 -845 -853 -858 -859 -865 '846 '802 730 -677 '645 '602 '592 '580 -580 '599 '636 
 
 0741 
 
 I 
 
 # # 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 In. 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 S 8 
 
 _ 0-902 0-890 0-896 0'902 0'889 0'905 0'898 0'915 O'SOfi 0-901 0'881 0'905 0'827 0'842 0'886 
 
 888 -891 '891 '879 '873 -861 '859 '876 '873 -893 -912 -902 -893 -871 '878 '861 -830 "895 '893 -865 -895 '851 '838 -895 
 866 -870 '871 '864 '879 -857 '844 '850 '853 '854 '855 '841 '828 '859 '914 -895 949 -944 '855 -921 -942 -936 -880 -843 
 839 -826 '814 '811 '803 788 782 783 783 793 -802 -809 '817 792 '805 '805 '816 '859 -868 -900 -878 '890 902 -919 
 896 -886 -897 '908 '904 -891 -893 -910 "898 '885 -872 '863 '855 '873 '910 -880 '887 -908 -895 -927 -906 '930 '947 -966 
 946 -905 -911 -932 '934 '942 -952 '953 '973 '957 -941 '937 -933 '898 '888 -854 '872 '873 '879 -883 -920 -938 '924 -913 
 990 -922 '926 93 f > '930 -929 -942 -940 '946 - - 
 
 0-894 
 878 
 878 
 829 
 899 
 919 
 
 00 
 
 i i 9 
 M 10 
 ^ 11 
 ^ 12 
 Jj 13 
 
 g 14 
 O1 *> 
 
 -916 -886 -887 "889 786 '814 -841 '894 -913 "916 -929 -950 -865 '867 -879 
 932 -949 '948 '902 '906 '913 -921 -914 '900 -897 '893 895 '898 '896 -911 -931 -961 I'OOO -895 -851 -887 '920 '967 -994 
 1-010 -998 '990 -996 '974 "973 -974 '892 '870 '882 '893 -870 -848 '812 -828 -813 -818 0-819 768 -879 -928 -924 '953 -938 
 0-937 -942 '920 -897 "890 -887 -909 '906 "904 -930 '955-933 "911 -881 '856 -904 -906 -951 '865 -935 -942 -899 "899 -906 
 914 -920 '880 -858 "85J "859 -865 '865 '870 '863 "856 '860 '864 "817 '836 "857 '861 -875 -891 -911 -953 -885 '893 -930 
 937 '937 '934 '926 -918 "912 -933 -925 '934 -908 '882 -925 "968 -938 '880 -840 -853 -823 '830 -938 -883 -877 '898 -931 
 '933 'S75 '895 "907 "915 '95 -99 -931 '936 
 
 901 
 920 
 902 
 911 
 876 
 905 
 
 * " 
 > 17 
 
 fc 18 
 o 19 
 
 ,_ 20 
 21 
 
 I-H OO 
 
 -804 -672 -698 '724 -731 '752 791 -732 -851 770 -777 -804 -780 "765 736 
 739 -777 790 '871 '824 "859 -872 -842 '842 -859 -876 -898 '920 -879 '850 -785 -816 -859 -865 -834 -838 -849 '841 -853 
 859 -828 -832 -819 -822 "806 -816 -821 "800 '820 -840 -836 -833 "824 -832 -866 -890 -908 -906 -890 -916 -910 '916 -909 
 918 -839 -849 -835 -841 .'822 -829 -854 '872 -838 -803 -796 -790 775 783 798 '800 -706 735 767 738 773 755 724 
 782 -693 -703 "687 -708 738 734 -705 701 756 -810 -788 766 -859 -879 -831 -803 -812 780 770 798 792 779 787 
 758 -817 -889 -918 '907 "918 -922 -902 "891 -880 -868 -864 -861 -814 -802 -834 -844 -826 '820 793 '815 -830 '807 '884 
 con -899 -R9fi -919 -922 -92^1 -919 -9'-!9 '93fi - 
 
 818 
 843 
 854 
 802 
 769 
 853 
 
 OQ 
 
 fc 23 
 g 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 -913 -890 -861 -833 762 -691 -665 -666 -656 '662 -676 -687 -713 -669 -825 
 837 -885 '897 -900 '899 '931 -915 -898 "892 -864 -835 -832 -830 -831 '831 -842 -754 731 -726 718 "689 701 724 -828 
 848 -832 '853 -903 '928 '918 -928 -908 "894 -876 -857 -835 '814 -789 751 700 -673 -706 -765 770 -711 -721 '813 -794 
 818 '856 -912 -923 -924 -917 -911 "926 "921 -933 -945 -873 '801 '753 763 740 721 -739 709 744 726 '716 '843 -836 
 872-859 -777 -850 -860 '809 785 791 784 '801 "817 -849 -882 -882 -878 '861 -744 -842 767 -759 -679 -739 -856 '852 
 830 -856 '876 -885 '899 "923 -922 -926 '926 -919 -912 -906 '900 '845 -852 -835 -757 -764 -668 -686 -734 -800 '903 -879 
 851 '883 '927 -911 -916 '915 -933 -923 '903 
 -899 -894 -886 "879 "873 -883 -841 -757 -691 -705 -692 -734 -787 -820 '867 
 854 -865 -890 '876 -846 -867 -876 '902 '889 '880 '870 -857 -844 -828 -855 -762 -701 711 -694 723 -707 -626 "660 776 
 
 809 
 825 
 816 
 831 
 816 
 850 
 
 849 
 807 
 
 Means 
 
 0-876 -874 -880 -885 -884 -884 '887 -884 -881 '874 -866 -861 '857 -837 '840 '828 '816 '829 -809 '824 '829 -826 '845 '867 
 
 0-856 
 
 ' The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 141 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIE AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC 
 
 VAPOUR 
 
 OOttinjFen 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 Daily and 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h, m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 1. I] 5.41 C.41 7.-U 8.41 0.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 
 
 h. m 
 19.41 
 
 h. m 
 20.41 
 
 h. m. 
 21.41 
 
 h. m 
 22.41 
 
 h. m 
 23.41 
 
 h. m. 
 0.41 
 
 h. m. 
 1.41 
 
 h. m. 
 2.41 
 
 h. m. 
 3.41 
 
 i' 
 
 t 
 
 i 
 t 
 
 oo 6 
 
 >o 17 
 
 00 ' 
 
 ~ 8 
 g 9 
 
 g 10 
 K 11 
 
 1 12 
 
 13 
 1-1 , 
 
 < 14 
 
 pq 15 
 
 W 16 
 
 tH 
 
 fe 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 ~ 01 
 (1 /I 
 
 B 22 
 S 23 
 
 24 
 W 25 
 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 0-50 0-59 0-73 0'76 0-78 0'79 0'80 079 0-79 0'78 0-77 0*76 0'75 0'58 0'54 
 62 -67 -77 -76 -76 -76 -76 'SO '77 '79 '80 -78 '77 '67 '59 
 81 -84 -83 -85 '82 -82 -81 '84 '84 '87 -89 -87 '86 '84 -84 
 63 -65 -69 -66 -62 '77 -77 '81 '84 -82 -80 -81 '82 '83 '83 
 51 '68 '76 '77 '77 '80 7<) -79 -91 
 
 0-53 
 56 
 
 77 
 78 
 
 049 
 
 51 
 65 
 66 
 
 0-46 
 45 
 61 
 
 58 
 
 0-42 
 45 
 54 
 52 
 
 0-41 
 42 
 53 
 
 48 
 
 0-47 
 40 
 50 
 43 
 
 0-51 
 37 
 46 
 39 
 
 0-53 
 53 
 44 
 33 
 
 0-57 
 59 
 52 
 32 
 
 0-629 
 640 
 735 
 660 
 
 631 
 617 
 662 
 686 
 652 
 663 
 
 652 
 667 
 745 
 707 
 752 
 746 
 
 674 
 684 
 662 
 671 
 651 
 603 
 
 680 
 678 
 677 
 675 
 
 -84-87 -87 -87 '73 -61 
 51 -57 -68 '72 '72 -77 -78 '79 -78 -82 -86 -86 '87 '79 -60 
 52 -55 -60 -62 "69 -71 -74 -77 -79 '81 '82 -84 -86 -86 '82 
 61 -64 -73 -76 '79 '80 -80 '81 -79 '81 -82 -81 '80 -83 '80 
 58 -60 -69 -77 '82 '82 -80 '80 -79 -77 '75 -78 '82 -79 '70 
 61 -68 -77 -82 "82 -78 -78 '77 -77 -77 -77 -78 -79 -80 -70 
 63 -67 -7 '73 '75 '76 -77 -76 >I7 7 
 
 52 
 49 
 73 
 
 75 
 .-58 
 58 
 
 43 
 45 
 63 
 61 
 53 
 53 
 
 43 
 42 
 50 
 53 
 49 
 50 
 
 36 
 39 
 
 46 
 48 
 46 
 44 
 
 33 
 37 
 43 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 
 33 
 37 
 44 
 50 
 40 
 46 
 
 40 
 37 
 52 
 50 
 45 
 50 
 
 42 
 34 
 57 
 52 
 47 
 52 
 
 55 
 57 
 65 
 61 
 58 
 49 
 
 46 
 49 
 61 
 56 
 56 
 56 
 
 53 
 
 56 
 66 
 64 
 51 
 50 
 
 -77 -77 -76 -76 -77 '70 
 58 -64 -75 -81 '79 -79 -81 "80 -81 '81 -80 -81 '83 -80 '70 
 59 -71 -79 -79 '80 -83 -82 '82 -86 -86 -85 -83 '82 -82 -82 
 69 -76 -76 -76 -76 -78 -78 '80 -83 '81 -78 -78 '79 75 77 
 61 -69 -69 72 '96 -92 -89 '87 -87 -89 -90 -87 '85 '89 '86 
 70 -67 -72 -79 '94 -98 -95 '93 -92 '91 -90 -88 '87 '86 '80 
 66 73 - 81 '81 '81 79 -8 -83 'S3 
 
 63 
 
 59 
 76 
 74 
 82 
 71 
 
 53 
 
 52 
 67 
 66 
 75 
 63 
 
 50 
 50 
 62 
 62 
 64 
 61 
 
 46 
 46 
 60 
 58 
 60 
 57 
 
 41 
 
 44 
 62 
 52 
 57 
 55 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 65 
 52 
 56 
 53 
 
 53 
 
 42 
 64 
 48 
 53 
 50 
 
 79 75 76 77 76 72 
 61 -69 78 -86 '84 -82 79 78 -80 '80 -80 -81 '82 74 '67 
 70 75 -69 77 '80 -80 -82 '84 76 75 -73 70 -68 -69 '67 
 65 77 -80 -80 -80 -80 78 77 77 'SO -82 -81 '80 78 72 
 67 -68 75 -80 79 -80 '80 79 -80 77 74 -76 78 '76 '67 
 55 -61 73 75 76 77 78 78 75 75 74 -68 '63 -62 '60 
 57 -66 76 78 78 -80 '80 78 78 
 
 61 
 63 
 
 64 
 59 
 58 
 53 
 
 57 
 63 
 56 
 54 
 53 
 48 
 
 56 
 
 59 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 47 
 45 
 
 51 
 53 
 50 
 49 
 42 
 45 
 
 50 
 47 
 47 
 46 
 45 
 42 
 
 47 
 46 
 48 
 41 
 43 
 36 
 
 54 
 40 
 43 
 53 
 
 44 
 47 
 47 
 40 
 44 
 34 
 
 52 
 37 
 39 
 55 
 
 43 
 50 
 
 47 
 42 
 42 
 45 
 
 55 
 49 
 52 
 59 
 
 44 
 52 
 61 
 59 
 52 
 50 
 
 58 
 59 
 54 
 
 58 
 
 78 78 79 -80 -84 73 
 62 -67 75 77 79 78 78 -82 -84 -83 -82 -82 -82 -85 76 
 63 -66 75 78 '81 -83 -84- -83 '85 '84 -82 '82 -83 -75 '75 
 60 -65 -74 -76 74 -73 -73 '77 -77 79 -80 -80 -80 -84 -73 
 
 65 
 68 
 65 
 67 
 
 57 
 58 
 54 
 
 58 
 
 49 
 52 
 50 
 53 
 
 49 
 48 
 47 
 
 47 
 
 51 
 44 
 43 
 45 
 
 Means 1 0-614 "672 "740 '768 '789 -800 -800 '805 -807 '809 -806 -802 '802 '778 '719 
 
 645 
 
 570 
 
 525 
 
 485 
 
 459 
 
 458 
 
 460 
 
 498 
 
 539(0-673 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 2 7 
 2 8 
 
 H iX 
 fc 10 
 
 p 11 
 
 7 12 
 
 p3 13 
 p 14 
 
 % 16 
 !> 17 
 pv< 18 
 19 
 
 fc 20 
 21 
 
 S 22 
 ^ 23 
 g' 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0765 0-817 0-869 0'880 0'885 0'887 0'889 0'864 0'857 0'853 0'848 0'825 0'803, 0'649 O'CGO 
 
 843 -852 -910 -879 -877 -869 -858 -889 '849 -857 '865 '857 '849 758 '730 
 848 -878 -902 '924 '885 -894 -890 -900 '902 -894 '885 '873 -862 '844 '870 
 877 -870 -865 757 716 -848 -850 '852 '844 -828 "811 "808 "806 '827 "854 
 SO^i '922 '905 '888 '889 -Q10 ^W -R77 -877 
 
 In. 
 0714 
 742 
 
 886 
 878 
 
 In. 
 
 0710 
 
 749 
 865 
 850 
 
 In. 
 
 0705 
 
 719 
 847 
 834 
 
 In. 
 
 0-684 
 
 747 
 778 
 811 
 
 In. 
 
 0-695 
 
 753 
 815 
 767 
 
 In. 
 0756 
 767 
 791 
 
 708 
 
 In. 
 
 0-788 
 
 755 
 785 
 660 
 
 In. 
 
 0-806 
 
 867 
 752 
 574 
 
 In. 
 
 0-826 
 841 
 832 
 563 
 
 In. 
 
 0793 
 820 
 858 
 794 
 
 770 
 756 
 816 
 854 
 841 
 865 
 
 869 
 880 
 890 
 856 
 
 868 
 854 
 
 828 
 834 
 808 
 806 
 801 
 760 
 
 845 
 8G6 
 8C2 
 860 
 
 _ _ -879 -881 -871 "861 731 "669 
 807 -803 -822 '835 "824 -825 -852 '857 -822 -842 -861 "836 "812 749 -652 
 747 733 729 742 785 -800 -830 "848 "856 "865 -873 "886 '899 "876 '888 
 850 -834 -865 "876 '886 -899 -887 "890 -858 "857 "856 "847 '838 '863 '889 
 865 -848 '882 '921 "955 -930 -917 -913 '893 "853 "813 '836 "859 "833 '820 
 902 -931 -941 '968 '973 -927 '927 '908 -886 "882 -878 "869 "861 '830 '803 
 
 CKO -OAT -Q99 -Q17 "926 'Q14. -QC\Q -QOK -QCiR 
 
 650 
 617 
 
 885 
 895 
 780 
 603 
 
 595 
 616 
 
 827 
 876 
 771 
 795 
 
 605 
 624 
 768 
 813 
 766 
 801 
 
 568 
 634 
 757 
 789 
 775 
 768 
 
 567 
 642 
 735 
 756 
 
 747 
 747 
 
 566 
 683 
 768 
 823 
 744 
 783 
 
 658 
 679 
 810 
 831 
 771 
 829 
 
 682 
 679 
 829 
 846 
 813 
 858 
 
 730 
 766 
 852 
 867 
 868 
 899 
 
 -892 -878 -859 "840 '836 '852 
 863 -886 "926 '954 '945 -933 "951 "939 -926 "912 "897 "897 "898 '866 "854 
 826 -897 "945 '946 '947 -960 "936 -&95 -902 "906 -910 "890 "870 '850 "879 
 867 -908 '879 "877 '877 -888 "882 '889 -898 "876 "854 '851 "848 "802 "819 
 837 '875 "862 "862 "936 -894 "886 '859 -853 "871 '888 "873 '858 '880 "893 
 912 -864 "862 '905 '930 '915 "903 -893 -900 "894 -888 "874 -861 '845 '825 
 
 .QQ1 -QDO -QOQ 'Ql 1 -Q14, -KKR -QfVl 'QQS -eOQ 
 
 818 
 826 
 876 
 841 
 895 
 821 
 
 784 
 808 
 850 
 838 
 897 
 806 
 
 808 
 828 
 823 
 830 
 867 
 820 
 
 802 
 811 
 842 
 836 
 841 
 802 
 
 784 
 798 
 861 
 810 
 833 
 796 
 
 802 
 787 
 898 
 810 
 860 
 812 
 
 874 
 806 
 890 
 797 
 842 
 800 
 
 876 
 906 
 
 887 
 879 
 857 
 778 
 
 851 
 894 
 879 
 881 
 823 
 793 
 
 -863 -826 "825 "825 791 793 
 873 '904 -931 "961 '939 -913 '883 "872 -865 '857 -849 '854 -859 770 736 
 936 -943 "847 "893 '917 -891 '873 "870 -824 "816 "808 775 742 724 725 
 834 -903 "919 '899 '890 -897 "866 '850 "850 "844 "837 "806 775 747 762 
 844 -848 "883 "913 '901 -889 "889 "871 -861 '822 783 776 769 757 777 
 767 786 '860 "867 '876 -880 '883 "871 '829 '820 -811 766 721 '681 "688 
 816 -875 "924 "905 '891 -891 '882 "858 -853 - 
 _ __ _ -849 -845 "838 '831 '858 "851 
 890 -898 "928 "915 '923 -911 "904 -923 '944 "920 "895 "894 -894 "916 "853 
 885 -890 -938 '950 '958 -960 '964 '928 -935 '945 "955 -926 -898 "808 -828 
 878 -901 -912 -932 '899 -864 '859 "878 "886 "888 "890 "881 "873 "878 -837 
 
 755 
 739 
 778 
 731 
 755 
 676 
 
 833 
 846 
 833 
 851 
 
 761 
 794 
 737 
 735 
 732 
 655 
 
 771 
 
 781 
 739 
 760 
 700 
 661 
 
 749 
 758 
 729 
 737 
 683 
 689 
 
 768 
 727 
 727 
 737 
 732 
 675 
 
 758 
 745 
 755 
 695 
 737 
 651 
 
 766 
 782 
 758 
 701 
 764 
 623 
 
 753 
 
 806 
 767 
 
 750 
 760 
 
 742 
 
 752 
 818 
 829 
 826 
 789 
 753 
 
 803 
 811 
 768 
 818 
 
 737 
 802 
 745 
 794 
 
 767 
 787 
 757 
 757 
 
 806 
 765 
 703 
 767 
 
 842 
 730 
 733 
 819 
 
 810 
 727 
 705 
 846 
 
 851 
 845 
 834 
 866 
 
 866 
 870 
 843 
 857 
 
 Means ] 0-853 -874 -890 -895 -898 '895 -891 -885 '876 -869 -861 '850 '839 -807 "800 
 
 797 
 
 779 
 
 767 
 
 756 
 
 751 
 
 762 
 
 771 
 
 802 
 
 822 0-833 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not obserred, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 36 
 
142 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATOMSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Dailyand 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h.m. h.m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12,41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 oo 6 
 7 
 - 1 8 
 
 *H 9 
 
 6 10 
 
 0-62 0-71 078 0-81 0'79 0'84 0'86 0'86 0'84 O r 85 0'85 0'83 0'81 0'81 0'75 0"68 0'57 0'52 0'47 0'43 0'43 0'52 0'56 0'59 
 58 -66 -74 -75 -79 -74 '77 '82 '87 '86 '85 '85 '85 '86 -86 '86 -80 -74 -66 '59 -58 '57 -53 '52 
 53 -65 -75 -77 '79 "80 '80 -80 -79 ____________ 
 86 -92 -91 -90 -91 -93 -88 '79 -67 -63 '58 '61 '56 '54 -56 
 67 -69 -78 -80 '81 -81 -89 -90 -91 '89 -87 '88 '90 '89 -81 -78 -68 -67 -65 '59 '55 '54 '65 -69 
 69 -73 -77 '72 '80 '87 -87 '87 -90 '91 -92 -90 '88 '83 '82 -78 -72 -66 -61 -61 -61 "63 '62 -59 
 62 -67 -76 -79 -80 "78 -82 -83 '84 -84 '84 '84 -84 -80 '76 76 -73 -70 -64 "63 -61 "60 -61 -61 
 59 -62 -69 -74 -75 -76 -76 -77 -78 '79 -79 -82 '85 -79 -80 '68 -62 -59 -54 -55 -53 "52 -50 -57 
 63 -66 -66 -90 -89 '90 -89 -89 -86 "85 -83 -83 -83 '79 -75 '64 -61 -56 '58 "53 "50 "46 -46 '63 
 65 -74 -77 -79 -78 - 78 -80 '79 - 78 
 
 0-699 
 738 
 
 747 
 
 76;; 
 
 763 
 
 738 
 683 
 714 
 
 11 
 1 12 
 
 S 13 
 < 14 
 H 15 
 W 16 
 H 17 
 
 "78 -77 -78 -80 -88 -83 "67 '60 -59 -57 '56 -58 '55 -54 '53 
 53 -61 -73 -75 '84 -84 -83 -90 '90 -88 '86 -85 "85 '82 -80 -76 -69 -64 -59 -54 -54 -54 -54 -55 
 57 -57 -60 -66 -72 70 71 70 72 72 72 -69 '67 -66 -65 -65 -63 -56 -50 "50 -48 "49 '48 -49 
 59 -66 -82 -85 -81 '80 -81 -85 -86 -87 -87 '88 "90 '87 -88 '82 73 '67 -63 -57 -55 -55 -51 -52 
 85 -87 -84 -82 -83 '85 -85 -87 -87 '88 '88 '87 "87 "87 '86 '80 71 "66 -62 -60 -53 "54 "51 -52 
 57 -67 71 76 -81 -85 -84 -84 -90 -91 '91 "86 "82 76 72 '66 '67 70 '62 -61 '60 '58 "61 -63 
 68 73 76 79 78 '80 '80 79 78 
 
 705 
 724 
 618 
 745 
 765 
 734 
 
 N 18 
 19 
 h 20 
 S 21 
 B 22 
 
 a 23 
 
 P 24 
 
 77 75 77 79 73 -66 -66 -59 '55 '52 -47 "47 -48 -46 -46 
 48 -48 -55 -58 -66 -65 -80 -84 -85 -83 -80 79 79 72 -68 '66 -64 "58 -57 -55 -53 -52 -51 "50 
 52 -56 -62 71 76 "80 -80 '81 -80 "82 -84 '80 77 71 -68 "64 -60 "55 -57 -48 '42 -42 -42 '48 
 55 -65 76 77 79 -81 79 '80 -84 '87 "90 '87 '85 -80 75 '68 -67 -58 "51 -48 -47 '47 -45 -53 
 63 -65 73 75 -82. 79 78 -81 -80 "82 '84 "82 '81 -82 78 76 -62 "57 "49 '49 -47 -46 -46 -46 
 61 -68 79 77 -80 -81 -82 -80 -80 '82 "83 "83 "83 '82 -80 75 -64 '65 '62 -57 '48 '48 '45 -47 
 51 -55 -62 -62 73 7 t > 78 78 78 
 
 668 
 648 
 649 
 693 
 685 
 705 
 
 W 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 75 72 71 70 71 "'63 -58 -56 '54 -51 -51 '47 '46- -45 '42 
 56 -62 71 77 -84 -83 -83 -83 -80 79 77 78 -80 -80 -66 -68 -63 -55 -51 -45 -43 '49 -56 -59 
 62 -66 76 79 '83 '82 -81 -90 -88 '87 '86 '88 -90 -88 -87 78 75 71 -62 -57 "55 '52 -55 '66 
 67 -66 75 77 78 -83 '89 -89 -89 -90 "91 -92 -94 -94 -89 -85 77 -68 70 -65 '63 -62 -63 71 
 74 76 -82 -84 -85 -84 "84 -85 '84 -88 "92 '91 -90 '90 -87 -88 -89 -81 70 -62 -54 -55 -66 '69 
 68 75 -82 -86 -86 -84 -85 -85 -82 -86 -90 '89 -88 -90 -90 -90 -92 -92 '91 -86 78 74 74 79 
 
 618 
 678 
 752 
 786 
 796 
 843 
 
 Means 
 
 0-613 -664 734 767 797 -803 -819 -832 -835 "841 -843 -837 "836 '818 784 740 -686 -639 -598 "561 -536 -533 '538 -568 
 
 | 0-718 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In.' In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 0-889 0-940 0-950 0'947 0'921 0'962 0'920 0'920 0'901 0'873 0'845 0'824 0'803 0'803 0'803 0'817 0775 0766 0758 0737 0756 0'816 0'853 0'871 
 858 -896 -900 -907 -828 734 765 784 -866 -829 -792 -778 765 791 795 '835 "849 "867 -839 -819 '823 "832 -819 '815 
 830 '887 '889 '886 '898 '90-1 '895 '891 '879 
 
 In. 
 
 0-852 
 824 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 s ! 
 
 22 8 
 
 t* 9 
 J 10 
 
 -860 -840 -834 '828 '844 "887 -887 "871 "823 "812 -834 -851 799 "842 -866 
 895 -894 -910 '898 '887 -862 -800 '827 -836 -841 -845 '853 '862 -838 793 "829 "847 "844 '865 -867 '823 "832 -836 -869 
 878 -887 '877 '839 -838 -844 '839 -825 -863 -885 '906 "881 "856 "815 '810-808 "806 '814 -796 '816 -828 "852 "847 -803 
 809 -813 -851 -872 '835 -805 -812 -816 -808 '821 "833 '834 '835 -798 '756 -770 '780 792 -778 -789 -796 '792 '821 -820 
 841 -820 -852 '854 -858 '846 -823 '819 -823 '822 '820 '833 '847 788 '805 -791 799 782 -787 -793 '787 '811 '795 -856 
 864 -856 -841 '872 -880 '901 '885 -886 -865 -849 '832 '836 '841 795 '794 -775 '793 771 '805 -789 797 752 '767 -866 
 8 Q - Q 12 '894 '914 -904 -896 -913 -886 -877 
 
 860 
 852 
 842 
 810 
 819 
 830 
 
 1= 11 
 
 I-S 
 
 1 12 
 P5 13 
 5 14 
 g 15 
 <1 16 
 t> 17 
 
 -833 789 -810 '831 -883 '890 -813 791 '783 -759 -764 -805 793 '806 793 
 781 -835 -865 -876 '940 '931 -905 -934 -917 -899 -881 -870 '860 -836 "830 -840 '831 "831 -790 -761 -758 '760 783 -796 
 801 795 786 '833 '863 '840 -829 "805 -806 -802 '797 '767 '737 '700 703 -750 767 -745 -717 747 -717 738 '742 -750 
 820 -846 -848 '854 '819 -805 -809 '833 -823 "838 '853 '863 '873 -861 '884 -871 '865 '843 '839 -832 -821 "821 "785 -751 
 833 -860 -830 -804 -815 -819 '813 -839 -854 -849 -843 '834 '826 '825 "845 '859 '836 '813 '823 '811 -730 760 749 769 
 801 -825 -831 -836 '898 '919 -900 '882 -873 '882 '891 '852 "813 -766 "734 702 755 '797 '755 -765 -762 '760 '793 -819 
 845 -887 -871 '887 '868 -874 '859 -839 -823 
 
 843 
 846 
 772 
 836 
 818 
 818 
 
 TENSION OF 
 
 tO tO tO tO tO \-* H-" 
 
 i>- CO to l-> O CD 00 
 
 -821 -819 -834 '849 -779 706 731 719 -713 722 -707 -727 "732 749 -756 
 762 709 774 -787 -862 '833 '859 "856 -892 -876 '859 '851 '843 -773 740 738 747 753 761 -769 "779 '787 '749 -722 
 740 777 '807 -857 -907 -913 '889 '892 -873 '872 '870 -848 '827 747 740 742 738 "739 788 726 -675 "696 '719 -762 
 814 -890 -927 -923 '914 -920 '907 '899 -900 -895 '890 -869 '848 -802 '833 -812 '815 778 748 759 757 772 793 '848 
 917 '904 -907 -908 '945 -910 '899 '907 -882 -869 "856 -844 '833 '851 '849 -867 '822 '800 764 745 -727 "754 -740 '746 
 845 '891 -945 -902 -891 -907 '888 '861 -844 "843 '841 -841 "841 -821 '830 '842 '804 -839 '839 -831 '789 781 748 '739 
 789 -814 '835 803 '888 '885 '878 '853 -837 
 
 797 
 795 
 
 798 
 846 
 844 
 842 
 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 -815 -792 -768 745 755 '693 -720 705 -731 -719 -749 -742 -764 -788 754 
 835 -843 -857 -905 '962 '954 -948 '941 -891 "856 -821 -811 '802 782 704 "818 -812 -788 '776 747 -747 '796 -831 -830 
 852 -885 -930 '942 '960 -939 '920 '890 -871 "874 -876 '893 '910 -884 '879 '872 '879 -886 '853 -831 '820 '818 -851 '910 
 906 -867 -880 -881 '901 762 '850 '853 -853 -851 -848 '855 '863 -873 '848 '852 -848-846 -874 -866 -886 -882 -904 '942 
 946 -932 -928 -941 -941 -915 -901 -898 -876 -899 '922 -907 "892 -881 '861 '869 '897 -893 -859 -810 -783 '805 -886 '872 
 854 -897 -931 -957 '945 -932 '927 -912 -894 -902 '910 '897 '884 -887 '901 '910 '898 '909 -914 "890 '884 '875 -891 '938 
 
 784 
 836 
 884 
 866 
 888 
 906 
 
 Means 
 
 0-842 -860 -874 -881 -891 -877 -871 -867 -863 -856 -849 '842 -835 -815 -804 -812 -810 '806 798 791 "783 792 -803 -818 1 
 
 0-835 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not obseryed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 143 
 
 HUMIDITY OP THE AIR AND TENSION OP THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUE 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m, h. m. h. m, h. m. h. m. h. m. b, m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h, m. h. m h m h m 
 4.11 6.11 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 July 31 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 8 6 
 
 oo 7 
 
 1 C ' 
 
 H 8 
 od 9 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 ^ 12 
 
 1 13 
 P3 14 
 
 ^ 15 
 
 W 17 
 
 H 18 
 
 fe 19 
 20 
 
 (H 21 
 
 22 
 Q 23 
 3 24 
 p 25 
 W 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0-89 fl-81 O88 O8R 0-88 0-88 0-90 0'87 0'87 - 
 
 0-815 
 779 
 823 
 797 
 771 
 719 
 
 774 
 679 
 611 
 733 
 
 730 
 
 786 
 
 730 
 776 
 765 
 745 
 722 
 715 
 
 738 
 730 
 703 
 728 
 719 
 692 
 
 694 
 727 
 678 
 
 0-91 0-95 0-94 0-94 0'94 0'94 0'89 0'72 0'71 0'68 0'65 0'62 0'61 0'61 0'67 
 72 -73 '83 '84 '86 '85 -86 '90 -87 -85 '83 -84 -86 -88 '89 -84 '74 '71 '67 '64 "62 -63 -59 -64 
 70 -80 -91 -90 '92 '90 -84 -84 -91 -93 '94 '93 -93 '92 '91 -90 '80 '73 '71 '67 '65 -66 -66 -69 
 72 -74 '84 -85 '85 '87 -96 '92 -94 -93 '91 '90 '90 '88 -85 -78 '73 -72 '68 -66 -65 -61 '61 -62 
 78 -84 '84 --88 -86 '85 '85 '85 -84 -85 -86 '86 -86 -84 -83 -77 '73 -67 -62 -61 '59 -59 -61 -63 
 66 -72 -79 '74 -79 '77 -77 "77 -79 -83 '87 '85 -83 '80 '77 -74 -72 -64 -60 -56 -55 '54 -56 -60 
 
 79 -S.R -QA -Q9 -Q9 -Q3 -Q3 'Ql -QO 
 
 -90 '90 -87 -84 -83 '77 -71 "67 -64 -61 -58 -57 -56 '56 -54 
 54 -62 -70 -66 "70 '76 -77 -82 -84 -84 '83 '83 -83 -80 -75 -68 -63 -61 -60 -55 -53 -48 -46 -46 
 45 -46 '56 '65 -64 -65 -67 "66 -65 -70 '74 '72 -70 -73 -69 -62 -58 -56 "56 -52 -53 -50 -49 -63 
 69 -69 -77 -81 -81 '81 '83 -80 -80 -79 -78 '79 '80 -82 -86 '84 -76 -68 -65 -61 -57 -56 '53 -55 
 55 -71 '75 -78 -83 "82 -81 '82 -82 -81 '79 '83 -88 '86 -85 -80 -70 -68 -62 -62 -58 -53 -54 -55 
 67 -78 '80 '83 -86 '86 '86 -86 -84 -87 -89 '86 -84 -83 -81 -82 -82 -79 -71 -71 '58 -60 -69 '69 
 69 -73 -80 '82 -85 -86 -85 -85 -86 
 -79 -72 -75 -78 "81 '80 -75 -69 -67 -62 -55 -53 -54 -60 -62 
 69 -76 '80 -84 '84 -84 -84 '81 -82 -83 -84 '86 -89 '88 -84 -84 -83 -77 -70 -65 '59 -58 '63 -65 
 70 -76 "78 -82 -82 -82 -82 '83 -82 -84 "86 '91 '96 -91 '88 -77 -72 '69 -61 -54 -57 -64 '63 -65 
 68 -72 '77 '81 '83 '81 -84 -84 -85 -85 -85 '88 -92 -87 -84 -79 -76 "66 -56 -48 '54 -55 '58 -59 
 59 -72 '76 '81 -80 -81 -81 -84 -82 -84 -86 '87 -88 "84 -82 -73 -69 '60 -55 -47 '53 -57 .55. -57 
 59 -67 -73 .74 -77 -82 -81 -82 -84 -85 -85 -86 -87 -84 -80 -70 -61 -58 -57 -56 -54 -54 -59 -62 
 67 - 74 '81 '81 - 83 '8 - 8 '84i '87 
 
 -86 -84 -85 -86 -86 '83 -74 -68 -59 '55 -51 '54 -56 '59 -64 
 67 -70 -75 -77 -79 '80 '81 '80 -79 -81 '83 '85' -87 "89 '86 -76 -65 '61 '58 -54 -54 -57 '63 -65 
 66 -72 -75 -77 '77 -80 '80 '81 -81 -83 '84 -85 -87 -90 '87 -77 -71 -58 -48 -43 -40 -40 '50 -55 
 61 -69 -75 '76 -78 -78 -78 -79 -80 -83 -86 -86 -86 -92 -88 -73 -67 '62 -60 -62 -60 -55 -54 -58 
 61 -66 -73 -74 -76 -78 -78 '80 -81 -80 -79 '86 '94 -94 -89 -79 -72 '62 -54 -53 -51 -54 -55 '56 
 62 -69 -76 -79 -79 -81 -80 '79 '81 '82 '82 '83 '85 '82 '78 '68 "60 "53 -50 -48 -47 -50 -53 -53 
 60 -fifi -71 -7fi -79 -79 -78 -7ft -7Q 
 
 82 -84 -84 -85 '86 -84 '73 -64 -54 -49 -47 "43 '43 '58 -64 
 64 -72 -77 -80 -78 -80 -79 -80 -86 -89 -92 -91 -90 -91 -89 -79 '67 '59 -57 '52 -54 -50 -46 -43 
 45 -70 -66 -69 '75 '77 '80 '83 -84 -87 '89 -87 -86 -87 -79 -67 '58 '50 -46 -42 '46 -47 -51 -57 
 
 Means 
 
 0-648 -719 -776 795 '810 '817 "821 "824 "832 -842 -848 "854 '866 "861 -834 -764 -697 -640 -596 -561 -549 -549 -570 -597(0-736 
 
 July 31 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 oo 6 
 
 8 7 
 
 ^ 8 
 H q 
 03 y 
 
 t) 10 
 
 S n 
 
 ^ 12 
 
 1 13 
 tf 14 
 fc> 15 
 
 2 16 
 ^ 17 
 
 t> 18 
 
 fe 19 
 20 
 
 * 21 
 22 
 55 23 
 
 ft 
 
 E-i 25 
 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 1-986 0'901 0'90P Q'8S4 0'S7<5 0'8f?2 0'76 O'61 0'8B3 
 
 In. 
 
 0-847J 
 872 
 877 
 868 
 826 
 816 
 
 823 
 792 
 770 
 840 
 868 
 886 
 
 860 
 893 
 902 
 865 
 856 
 857 
 
 876 
 853 
 826 
 862 
 846 
 830 
 
 851 
 837 
 801 
 
 0-818 0-783 0-786 0790 0796 0'812 0'825 0-790 0'831 0'846 0'833 0'836 0'876 0'866 0'879 
 917 -920 -936 -914 -914 -910 -905 '941 -880 -833 -786 -790 -795 -814 -852 -866 '852 -870 '873 '850 -853 "894 '869 '897 
 917 -943 -954 -907 '899 -875 -870 '878 -889 -853 -817 '826 -836 -833 -836 "862 '851 -865 -880 "873 '864 -902 -896 -930 
 928 -924 -924 -918 '918 -940 '941 '893 -869 -859 -849 '840 '832 -828 -833 '820 '810 "825 '820 '839 "833 '845 -868 '884 
 907 -915 -847 -880 '857 '833 '833 '831 -818 '821 -823 '816 '809 '789 -796 -775 "780 '786 -776 '793 '812 '820 "844 '865 
 890 -914 -925 -846 '853 -819 -821 '818 815 '834 -853 '837 '821 '779 -759 '754 '778 -776 '785 '779 '769 "762 '779 -824 
 Rfi7 -890 -/Ofi 8Q r > -87Q -8fiQ -869 -84.Q -8^4. 
 
 -858 -881 -849 -817 -792 .756 "760 '758 -778 '788 '780 '789 "770 '763 '760 
 741 "819 -824 -763 -765 -799 '794 -836 -850 -838 '825 '819 '814 '775 '775 -775 '773 -796 -810 "795 '799 "762 '729 -736 
 716 -709 -760 -835 -808 -803 -817 -780 -751 -767 '783 '762 -741 '729 -721 '717 -732 -744 -764 -754 "788 '797 -821 -888 
 910 -897 '884 -895 '895 -868 '896 '867 -830 -818 '805 '790 -775 -804 -845 '870 '846 -825 -809 '798 '801 "799 -812 -821 
 832 -887 -866 -896 -933 '915 '905 '897 -879 "866 "852 '867 "882 "867 "845 '867 -828 -845 -830 '852 '859 '842 -863 -852 
 926 -956 -925 -948 '954 '936 '929 '920 -902 -897 '891 '854 '817 '806 -805 -833 -864 -881 -843 '862 "837 '873 '90S '890 
 886 -891 -913 -916 '925 -920 '904 -892 '876 
 -799 -722 -745 '769 -80S '838 '871 -880 -894 -882 '838 -842 '845 -881 -912 
 937 -976 '966 -972 '968 '944 -931 '910 -894 '908 -921 ;903 '885 '865 -817 -829 "834 -819 '828 '833 -840 '849 '884 -910 
 921 -938 -918 -918 '921 '894 "909 '898 '888 -897 "906 "930 '955 -935 -950 -908 -912 -906 "850 -789 -837 '890 -887 -889 
 896 -897 -903 -924 -929 -899 "900 '902 -897 -885 '873 '890 '907 -865 '842 -844 -866 -838 -798 "746 -789 '821 -829 -820 
 825 -882 -904 -925 -918 -899 '892 '895 '870 -880 '890 '886 "882 -844 -859 -845 -854 -816 -773 -727 -813 '815 -820 -840 
 838 -873 -869 -869 '880 -913 '892 '894 -901 -895 -888 '883 '879 '844 -824 "819 -793 -809 -824 '840 '790 "819 -862 -862 
 87fi -QOfi -Q9fi o/S'i -QS^ -Q2fi -QO'i -POO -QOQ 
 
 -890 -870 -870 -871 -870 -863 '861 -847 -819 -815 '813 "818 '846 -880 -893 
 898 -881 -877 "886 -894 '895 -892 '882 -864 -864 -863 '858 -854 -836 -846 '817 "808 '813 -805 '789 '789 '831 -865 -859 
 859 -883 -877 '881 -877 "889 "882 "877 -862 '867 -872 '865 '859 -881 .880 '878 "856 -764 -680 -638 "631 "672 -776 -809 
 837 -871 -876 '883 '875 '866 '857 '857 -861 '869 '876 '873 '870 -901 -911 '859 -857 -855 -857 "859 "842 '821 -807 '836 
 845 -870 -862 -864 -877 '866 '884 "889 -881 -869 -857 '870 -883 -889 -885 '880 '860 -816 -739 "757 -749 -790 '799 -820 
 850 -879 -911 -913 '912 '916 "905 '888 -892 -881 "870 "869 '868 -822 -829 '791 '734 -704 -693 -707 -726 -771 '809 '789 
 843 -870 -856 -8Q6 -Ql 1 -901 -8Q3 -881 -887 
 
 898 -908 -894 '880 -876 -900 -887 "831 '760 '746 -727 -729 '739 '829 '881 
 888 -905 -846 -889 "884 -889 -879 '830 -821 -857 '893 "877 -862 -852 -844 -847 '815 '747 "766 -776 '821 799 '762 -737 
 757 -789 -757 "795 -865 -878 '905 "898 -889 '884 -879 -864 '850 -825 -839 -823 -753 "698 -669 -654 -680 -698 -764 -801 
 
 Means 1 0-868 -888 "886 -890 '893 -887 "885 -876 "865 -859 -853 -849 -845 -834 -836 -833 -821 -810 "798 -789 -798 '813 '832 "848 1 0'848 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of taming the daily means. 
 
144 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 34 5 67 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Dailyanc 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h m. h.m. h. m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.11 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 s 5 
 
 2 6 
 
 8 
 W o 
 
 PQ 9 
 
 S 10 
 ^ 11 
 H n 
 PM 12 
 
 W 10 
 
 m i6 
 | 14 
 
 05 15 
 3 16 
 
 * 17 
 
 W 18 
 H 19 
 
 PM 20 
 O 21 
 (H 22 
 EH 23 
 ft 24 
 
 a 25 
 
 p 26 
 W 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0-60 0-67 0-70 0-75 075 077 079 0'81 0'85 0*86 0-87 0*88 0-90 0-86 0'81 072 0'62 0'55 0'51 0'45 0'43 0'41 0'48 0'55 
 64 70 73 76 -81 '80 '81 77 75 78 '80 '88 '96 -97 '86 79 71 '62 -55 '49 -50 '50 -51 -53 
 63 '83 -84 -83 -84 "86 -84 '84 -83 -84 -84 '85 -87 '85 76 '69 '68 '67 '65 -61 -68 '68 71 74 
 71 -81 -81 -80 -83 -82 -81 -82 -84 
 
 0-691 
 718 
 769 
 
 805 
 849 
 827 
 827 
 744 
 684 
 
 697 
 697 
 679 
 694 
 762 
 783 
 
 687 
 664 
 676 
 689 
 700 
 702 
 
 752 
 752 
 765 
 750 
 734 
 
 - - -87 -90 -90 -91 '93 '89 '87 79 76 -69 '64 -62 -64 -67 '94 
 94 -88 -90 -90 "91 '91 -89 -89 '91 '91 '90 '91 '92 -93 '90 '90 '88 '82 79 74 -69 -66 -65 -65 
 68 72 76 -81 '86 -87 -85 -87 '87 -90 '93 '94 '95 '93 '89 '84 -87 '83 -84 79 70 70 71 -74 
 78 '80 -81 -82 -85 "84 -86 "87 '89 -90 '90 '90 '90 '87 "83 "84 -89 -90 -81 73 72 70 72 72 
 73 74 76 79 78 '81 -80 -80 '80 -81 '81 '85 '89 '83 '85 '80 73 '66 -63 -64 -63 -60 -56 -55 
 55 -61 -65 -67 '69 71 72 75 78 79 '80 '81 '82 '83 78 73 "69 -64 -64 -58 '57 -55 -52 -53 
 
 19 -17 ! -R8 -RQ .7fl '71 -79 *!/(. 
 
 --------- -82-89-85 -81 79 72 73 71 -69 -64 -63 -62 -63 '62 -64 
 66 -65 -69 -68 -69 74 75 76 79 -84 '89 '87 '86 79 -72 '69 '63 -65 -56 '55 '55 -55 -59 -57 
 59 -66 -69 72 '80 '81 76 '80 '80 -80 '80 76 73 71 '69 -68 '65 -64 -62 -56 -48 -49 -52 -53 
 69 70 71 74 76 77 78 '81 '81 -82 '83 '83 '84 78 71 -67 '64 -58 -58 -55 -53 -50 -51 -52 
 63 75 79 -80 -80 '82 -80 "82 77 -82 '86 '88 '90 '92 -90 '88 '80 71 -63 '63 '59 -59 -56 '63 
 73 75 -80 -81 -80 -82 -84 '83 '86 -88 "90 '93 '96 '94 -91 -87 78 -68 '68 '65 '64 -60 -57 '55 
 17 -61 -71 77 77 -8f) -80 -89 -83 
 
 --------- -83 -83 -81 -80 73 -69 '63 '63 -58 -55 '55 '55 '54 -52 '52 
 56 -60 71 76 -82 -84 -87 '92 '84 -80 75 77 79 74 71 -61 '59 '53 -51 -47 '51 -46 -38 -40 
 43 -65 73 77 78 78 -80 -80 '81 -83 '85 '86 '87 78 71 -64 "59 '58 '53 '50 -47 -43 -43 -61 
 62 -67 72 75 78 -80 79 79 '81 -81 -80 '82 -84 -87 '83 -67 '60 -49 -49 -48 -47 -55 -54 -55 
 60 '65 73 73 74 77 -82 -81 '84 -84 '84 '85 -87 '91 -87 73 '67 '55 -47 '50 -46 -41 -55 -59 
 63 71 71 -67 -69 72 73 73 '81 -83 '84 '87 '91 '89 '84 78 73 -62 -55 '46 -44 -49 -55 -64 
 
 R7 -79 -7fi -7Q -7Q -SCI -7Q -89 -8^ 
 
 --------- -88 -93 -91 -90 -91 '88 76 -67 -63 -57 -57 -53 '63 -65 -66 
 68 70 74 77 77 78 -81 -84 '86 -88 -90 '89 -89 '89 -90 74 '65 -59 -53 -58 '63 '66 -67 '69 
 72 77 77 78 78 79 79 -80 '84 -88 '92 '91 '91 '89 '88 76 71 -68 '67 -64 -63 -60 '60 '64 
 70 77 79 77 79 79 79 79 78 -82 -85 -88 -91 -90 -87 79 77 -61 -58 -56 -60 '62 -62 -65 
 71 78 78 79 '81 '80 -82 -82 '82 -81 -80 '82 -85 -87 -84 74 "61 '58 -57 -59 '59 -58 -60 -63 
 
 Means 0-654 -712 -746 766 784 797 "801 -812 '822 -840 '855 '863 '875 '858 '817 752 703 -648 -609 -582 -570 '568 -577 -614 
 
 0-734 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 oo * 
 
 S3 I 
 
 1-1 D 
 
 P3 7 
 W 8 
 W q 
 
 a 
 
 | 10 
 
 1 12 
 J 13 
 
 14 
 g 15 
 16 
 Pj 17 
 18 
 19 
 g 20 
 . 21 
 22 
 
 23 
 g 24 
 W 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 0-837 0-840 0-845 0'871 0'869 0'S78 0'886 0'887 0'879 0'880 0'880 0'879 0'87S 0'851 0'814 0'806 0755 0753 0750 0716 0'G89 0'699 0756 0'824 
 
 883 -905 -897 '917 -936 -918 "928 -901 '872 '866 '859 "893 -928 '937 '855 -827 -845 '824 769 740 795 -806 '806 -822 
 885 -948 -961 '925 "894 -899 -872 -868 '840 '849 -858 -859 "861 "833 764 749 776 '847 '858 '852 '883 -893 -921 -917 
 qoo -q9Q .qi 7 .qno .qnq -qOQ -8Q8 -8Q7 -Q01 
 
 In. 
 0-822 
 864 
 867 
 
 886 
 860 
 826 
 803 
 780 
 766 
 
 794 
 773 
 767 
 
 797 
 882 
 868 
 
 795 
 752 
 763 
 771 
 791 
 802 
 
 851 
 863 
 
 875 
 854 
 865 
 
 --------- -849 797 -803 -809 '835 '820 -865 '887 '906 '894 '894 '915 -939 -957 -916 
 911 -885 -893 -878 '883 -891 "885 -883 '891 '863 -834 '829 '825 '814 '801 '812 "843 '854 '887 '897 '863 -854 -837 -833 
 817 -821 -836 '860 '868 -880 -859 -832 '827 "835 '842 '836 -830 '815 795 769 -805 '820 "850 '853 -776 -769 -809 -810 
 822 -823 -819 '813 -833 -818 -823 '819 "808 -808 '807 '814 -822 790 760 763 772 '801 798 "810 -811 770 783 778 
 787 783 785 -791 '786 -801 783 775 775 777 778 797 -816 778 '833 -830 -845 756 746 775 797 735 706 '689 
 691 712 733 729 744 747 748 762 772 775 777 780 784 '789 772 735 768 798 '831 778 '801 '811 767 787 
 
 7fi7 -774. '78f! '8nn -7q^ .7q7 -SIV3 -Bfll -808 
 
 839 -870 -836 '802 773 734 753 755 '825 783 763 774 -813 -800 '813 
 832 772 786 752 720 743 749 758 773 '859 -945 '897 '850 773 733 734 721 728 '696 712 755 741 -768 -752 
 803 '833 -831 '832 '825 -811 793 797 '80S '818 '830 779 729 703 -691 -698 -702 "752 -795 770 '697 -663 722 723 
 846 -802 796 '812 -817 -827 '823 -828 '819 -827 '834 '838 "843 778 741 749 747 727 764 768 767 776 797 -810 
 842 -899 -913 '917 '917 -925 -904 -919 '850 '866 '881 '881 '881 "894 '902 -911 .'912 '864 '811 "849 '840 -865 -843 '884 
 927 -915 -922 '922 -899 '919 -900 "935 '855 '845 '834 '854 '875 '872 -864 -859 -859 '820 '845 '840 '854 -814 -801 '803 
 
 SOq 'B/lft '88n -891 -C9 .OKQ .QRt -QRX. -BRA. 
 
 -866 -868 -849 '830 -753 742 714 727 706 -690 713 751 763 736 735 
 756 785 -835 -876 -925 -939 -940 '954 '901 '832 763 756 '749 -696 -690 '647 '657 -627 '624 "606 '668 -643 -569 -612 
 604 782 -837 '853 -856 -841 '859 '860 '839 '854 '869 '861 "853 747 -694 -679 '678 '697 '677 '666 "657 -605 -639 -813 
 799 -796 -825 '832 -845 '859 '850 -828-828 '815 -802 '609 '817 '817 -821 716 "688 -602 -637 '642 -647 -764 -745 730 
 762 778 -808 '808 -817 -825 -879 '862 '870 '856 '842 '848 '855 '850 -855 -809 786 -686 -625 '691 -668 '027 773 798 
 827 -826 -809 791 -800 778 780 782 "862 -852 "842 "863 '885 '872 -834 -829 -837 781 754 '655 '660 708 786 -846 
 "867 -847 -819 -R74 -8fi7 -S1Q -811 -810 -811 
 
 -870 -888 '872 '857 -870 -882 -866 -823 -811 747 '801 783 -862 -882 -873 
 873 -834 -846 "854 -855 -868 -884 -870 '876 -883 -890 '878 '867 -858 -878 '852 -800 781 739 '837 '905 '928 -929 -922 
 923 -916 -886 '884 -884 -881 -872 '860 -870 -882 "893 '878 "864 "859 -882 '876 '864 -845 -895 '890 '885 '845 -832 -831 
 878 -884 -887 "853 -859 -857 ; 845 "842 -823 -838 '853 -858 -864 -848 -874 -887 "878 -805 '80S '828 '843 '61 -863 "864 
 893 '902 -890 -891 "895 -891 -889 '888 '882 '868 '854 '855 -857 '868 '876 -869 -800 '809 -829 '861 -861 "836 -850 -856 
 
 Means 0-829 '839 -849 "849 -851 -855 -852 '851 '844 '845 -846 "842 "840 -818 '804 792 790 778 773 777 783 784 795 -809|0-821 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 145 
 
 HUMIDITY OP THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottingeii 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 Daily and 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 b. m. 
 4.41 
 
 li. m. 
 5, tl 
 
 h. ra. 
 6.41 
 
 h . m. h. m. 
 7.41 8.il 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m 
 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 
 
 h. m. 
 0.41 
 
 h. m. 
 1.41 
 
 h. m. 
 2.41 
 
 h. m. 
 3.41 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 00 K 
 in 
 
 oo 7 
 
 r-< ' 
 
 05 8 
 W 9 
 
 8 10 
 
 O Tl 
 
 EH ll 
 
 12 
 9 13 
 
 a !t 
 
 h-j 15 
 ^ 16 
 
 S 17 
 
 B g 
 
 20 
 . 21 
 
 & 22 
 
 s 23 
 
 S 24 
 S 25 
 
 w 26 
 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0-69 
 71 
 
 ^9 
 71 
 
 88 
 97 
 77 
 81 
 
 -88 
 
 78 
 78 
 87 
 '90 
 
 81 
 
 80 
 79 
 74 
 72 
 85 
 83 
 
 68 
 78 
 67 
 66 
 73 
 76 
 
 0-77 
 
 78 
 
 70 
 75 
 91 
 98 
 83 
 84 
 
 88 
 82 
 82 
 91 
 93 
 86 
 
 87 
 80 
 74 
 76 
 
 82 
 
 87 
 
 79 
 85 
 71 
 72 
 77 
 80 
 
 0-79 
 81 
 
 74 
 
 77 
 93 
 95 
 84 
 86 
 
 90 
 84 
 84 
 91 
 95 
 89 
 
 90 
 82 
 87 
 75 
 
 86 
 
 87 
 
 82 
 87 
 75 
 77 
 79 
 81 
 
 0-81 
 
 77 
 
 76 
 79 
 93 
 
 97 
 85 
 
 87 
 
 86 
 85 
 85 
 91 
 95 
 89 
 
 94 
 83 
 92 
 73 
 
 85 
 
 87 
 
 86 
 92 
 82 
 78 
 81 
 81 
 
 0-83 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 78 
 91 
 99 
 85 
 91 
 
 89 
 86 
 88 
 96 
 98 
 93 
 
 94 
 88 
 95 
 84 
 87 
 91 
 
 87 
 94 
 87 
 80 
 81 
 83 
 
 0-82 0-81 0-82 0-81 0'82 0'83 0'84 0'86 0-91 0'86 0'74 0'68 0'67 0'67 0'65 
 78 -78 -78 -78 
 
 0-64 
 
 0-65 
 
 0-67 
 
 0-68' 
 
 0-763 
 
 743 
 769 
 815 
 926 
 896 
 837 
 
 919 
 
 825 
 853 
 874 
 907 
 896 
 
 887 
 876 
 853 
 817 
 860 
 879 
 
 859 
 864 
 851 
 796 
 821 
 828 
 
 835 
 
 -85 -92 -92 -92 -90 -85 '76 -68 -62 -58 -54 
 82 -86 -87 -86 -89 -92 '93 -94 -90 -92 -77 -74 '66 -61 -61 
 82 -82 -82 -83 -84 -85 -87 -89 -90 -87 '84 -75 '73 -73 -85 
 95 -94 -91 -91 -91 -90 -90 -91 -93 -91 -90 -90 '96 -96 -94 
 91 -93 -93 -94 -94 -94 -94 -94 -94 -96 -90 '86 '82 -80 -78 
 87 -89 -87 -91 -90 -89 -90 -92 -95 -92 '84 '80 '75 -73 -77 
 92 -92 -96 -96 _ - 
 
 57 
 67 
 84 
 96 
 79 
 75 
 
 58 
 64 
 80 
 96 
 78 
 77 
 
 59 
 62 
 84 
 95 
 
 77 
 75 
 
 59 
 64 
 
 86 
 97 
 
 77 
 77 
 
 96 -96 -97 -98 -98 '94 '96 -95 '95 '95 -92 
 91 -89 -87 -87 -88 -88 -88 -88 -87 -85 -83 -82 '71 -70 -67 
 86 -88 -96 -94 -94 -93 -95 -96 -96 -92 '90 '84 '77 -74 -74 
 88 -87 -83 -93 -93 -92 -92 -93 -92 -89 '88 '91 '90 -88 -85 
 95 -96 -96 -96 -96 -96 -95 -95 -96 -92 '85 -82 '79 -77 -88 
 98 -98 1-00 -99 '98 -97 -96 -96 -93 -91 '87 -84 '82 -77 -78 
 95 -95 0-95 -94 
 
 87 
 65 
 74 
 86 
 84 
 76 
 
 85 
 69 
 77 
 80 
 90 
 77 
 
 87 
 77 
 77 
 84 
 91 
 74 
 
 89 
 77 
 75 
 86 
 92 
 79 
 
 76 
 77 
 73 
 
 69 
 
 87 
 83 
 
 -93 -91 -91 -92 -96 -95 '95 -88 '80 -81 -96 
 95 -95 -97 -97 -96 -95 -96 -98 -96 -92 '85 -82 '80 -77 -78 
 90 -95 -96 -94 -95 -96 -95 -94 -94 -93 -89 '81 -75 -74 -75 
 93 -92 -91 -91 ' -91 -91 -92 -94 -88 '88 '82 -76 -71 -71 -69 
 84 -87 -86 -84 -85 -86 -87 -89 '86 -91 '94 -94 '95 -93 -90 
 89 -87 -87 '87 -90 -93 -93 -93 -92 -93 '95 -94 '90 -85 -85 
 88 -91 '9 '93 
 
 84 
 71 
 77 
 63 
 89 
 84 
 
 78 
 72 
 77 
 62 
 90 
 83 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 72 
 64 
 
 88 
 82 
 
 -94 -94 -94 -95 -95 '95 -87 '82 -81 '77 -72 
 96 -91 -91 -96 -94 -91 -93 -95 -96 -96 -94 -91 '90 '84 -78 
 95 -93 '94 '93 -94 -95 -96 -97 -98 '96 -88 '88 '80 -75 '66 
 91 -93 '92 -95 -96 -96 -96 -96 -92 '91 -83 '76 '69 -62 -57 
 89 -91 -92 -95 -96 -96 -95 -95 -95 '93 -85 '82 -73 -70 -70 
 81 -86 -88 -89 -93 -96 -96 -96 '97 -92 -85 '80 '77 -72 -77 
 81 - 91 '93 '93 
 
 76 
 72 
 66 
 62 
 71 
 72 
 
 79 
 73 
 66 
 60 
 70 
 72 
 
 73 
 75 
 65 
 58 
 69 
 71 
 
 68 
 75 
 61 
 64 
 71 
 75 
 
 91 -88 -91 -94 -94 -94 -88 -80 -73 -77 -78 
 
 74 
 
 73 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 Means 1 0775 
 
 818 
 
 842 
 
 854 
 
 879 
 
 890 -900 -905 -912 -918 -922 -926 -935 -932 '916 '867 '828 '788 '764 -765 
 
 752 
 
 750 
 
 752 
 
 762 1 0-848 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 oo 6 
 
 m 7 
 00 ' 
 
 ^ 8 
 D3 9 
 H in 
 
 IS 
 
 H 12 
 
 13 
 1 14 
 P3 15 
 16 
 2 17 
 
 2 18 
 > 19 
 
 fe 20 
 21 
 fc 22 
 S 23 
 
 % 24 
 
 W 25 
 H 26 
 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. 
 0-887 
 871 
 
 769 
 864 
 
 884 
 799 
 844 
 930 
 
 
 
 804 
 860 
 903 
 909 
 i -893 
 898 
 
 891 
 
 856 
 791 
 748 
 691 
 
 ;-787 
 
 724 
 817 
 70S 
 724 
 769 
 817 
 
 In. 
 
 0'902 
 
 901 
 
 823 
 855 
 891 
 799 
 851 
 913 
 
 804 
 864 
 894 
 911 
 911 
 896 
 
 900 
 844 
 761 
 738 
 672 
 782 
 
 773 
 836 
 715 
 750 
 770 
 815 
 
 In. 
 
 0-912 
 
 907 
 
 840 
 862 
 896 
 820 
 839 
 902 
 
 810 
 865 
 900 
 891 
 912 
 897 
 
 907 
 847 
 858 
 736 
 694 
 777 
 
 784 
 845 
 729 
 759 
 777 
 812 
 
 In. 
 0-917 
 856 
 
 849 
 878 
 888 
 878 
 839 
 910 
 
 770 
 869 
 882 
 836 
 902 
 897 
 
 918 
 851 
 888 
 717 
 694 
 773 
 
 804 
 859 
 757 
 763 
 778 
 805 
 
 In. 
 
 0-922 
 
 858 
 
 863 
 866 
 870 
 943 
 848 
 920 
 
 775 
 871 
 891 
 875 
 909 
 897 
 
 919 
 
 884 
 869 
 812 
 706 
 
 782 
 
 811 
 861 
 764 
 765 
 775 
 816 
 
 # * 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0-894 0-877 0-879 0'862 O'SGl O'SGO 0'855 O'Sol 0'885 0'890 0'873 0'868 0'894 0'897 0'897 
 
 845 -829 -825 -825 
 
 In. 
 
 0-887 
 
 In. 
 
 0-872 
 
 In. 
 
 0-892 
 
 In. 
 
 0-885 
 
 In. 
 
 0-884 
 
 '852 '879 -869 -860 '828 '848 -846 -820 -804 '829 -797 
 873 -906 -910 -893 -903 "913 -90S -898 -848 '893 '878 '869 '864 -841 '847 
 879 -879 -864 -869 -857 '845 -848 -852 '856 '861 '870 '828 '831 -809 '875 
 902 -893 -866 -866 -860 '853 -854 '855 '863 '844 '835 -838 '847 '820 "818 
 891 -910 -910 -913 -909 '904 -911 -918 '915 '904 -902 -893 '882 -859 '868 
 859 -870 -861 -891 -886 '880 "873 '867 '884 '867 '854 '889 '887 -903 -940 
 907 '901 -910 -904 
 
 828 
 873 
 885 
 825 
 857 
 934 
 
 820 
 856 
 897 
 800 
 873 
 940 
 
 817 
 817 
 904 
 793 
 878 
 939 
 
 7911 -842 
 818 -865 
 884 -863 
 803; -853 
 865 -883 
 932 -882 
 
 872 -840 -830 '821 '820 '770 '792 '795 '792 -793 -788 
 782 -774 -754 -754 -758 -762 -757 '752 '749 "747 -788 -850 '820 -826 -823 
 884 -896 -933 -899 -885 -870 '873 '877 '847 '867 -916 -931 '893 '897 -913 
 883 -859 -827 -885 -889 '893 "901 "909 '874 '842 -883 -920 '925 -806 '819 
 867 -875 -865 -848 -855 -861 "845 '829 '833 "847 '838 -836 -857 -872 '897 
 909 -910 -915 -863 -849 -835 "831 -827 '814 "836 -855 -871 '879 '879 '883 
 901 -896 -'890 -879 
 
 805 
 815 
 935 
 851 
 873 
 875 
 
 805 
 829 
 940 
 859 
 861 
 886 
 
 805 
 893 
 933 
 900 
 872 
 852 
 
 809 
 884 
 918 
 912 
 891 
 888 
 
 847 
 795 
 893 
 879 
 864 
 874 
 
 892 
 872 
 859 
 798 
 727 
 758 
 
 810 
 824 
 811 
 738 
 
 784 
 804 
 
 846 
 
 -873 -866 -862 '859 -883 '896 -925 '896 '889 '920 '933 
 903 -897 -895 -896 '886 '875 -861 -848 "820 -825 -833 '839 "859 -863 '883 
 875 -897 -906 -878 -863 -847 -830 -814 '814 -841 '870 -869 -861 -867 '887 
 856 -845 -838 -838 -824 -809 -809 '810 '756 -796 -807 -764 -774 -799 '785 
 790 -806 -788 -764 -767 -769 -727 -685 -631 '657 -679 -690 -698 '695 '708 
 728 -723 -723 -730 -737 '743 -751 -759 '787 '777 -814 -793 -802 -803 '824 
 757 -778 -786 -791 
 
 915 
 858 
 90S 
 720 
 704 
 818 
 
 902 
 880 
 878 
 712 
 708 
 823 
 
 860 
 820 
 824 
 715 
 709 
 813 
 
 871 
 842 
 814 
 737 
 711 
 798 
 
 805 -818 -817 -816 -812 '824 -826 -836 '892 '856 '834 
 853 -828 -814 -861 -849 "836 -851 -867 '862 '848 -844 '841 -834 -811 '824 
 846 -810 -813 -791 -792 '793 -800 -808 -810 '815 -828 '882 -860 -816 '756 
 759 -752 -744 -746 -753 '760 '760 -761 '739 '762 -760 -764 -743 -712 '671 
 798 -790 -786 '793 -794 -795 -793 -791 '771 '781 793 '816 -782 -797 '797 
 770 -796 -796 -785 -791 -796 -795 -794 -804 -813 '814 '816 '819 '822 '878 
 787 '815 '814 -788 
 
 870 
 822 
 789 
 717 
 831 
 855 
 
 885 
 800 
 797 
 708 
 797 
 835 
 
 805 
 816 
 752 
 692 
 
 774 
 809 
 
 740 
 808 
 692 
 731 
 781 
 837 
 
 795 -802 -823 -845 -845 -867 '876 -889 -889 -908 -937 
 
 897 
 
 903 
 
 903 
 
 857 
 
 Means I 0'824 
 
 830 
 
 838 
 
 838 
 
 849 
 
 846 -847 -843 '839 -837 -835 '832 '830 '821 '828 '838 -842 -841 -835 -842 
 
 844 
 
 841 
 
 830 
 
 827 1 0-836 
 
 
 
 
 *The 
 
 numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
146 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 HUMIDITY OP THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 
 Gottinpen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1!) 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. li.n:. 1) m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. li.m. h.m. li.m. li.m. li.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. li.m. 
 4.41 S.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 1.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.11 23.41 (1.41 1.41 2.41 .'i.il 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 'i 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 CO 5 
 
 co c 
 
 078 0-87 0-83 0'84 0'85 0'85 0'85 0'85 0'85 0*86 0'S6 0*90 0'94 0'95 0'91 0'86 075 073 0'68 0'69 070 0'66 075 078 
 73 76 77 77 '81 -82 -83 '87 -92 '93 '93 "92 '92 '93 -91 -88 -89 79 75 71 73 72 71 -71 
 70 74 71 73 72 75 78 '85 -87 "87 '87 '91 '95 '92 -91 '82 78 77 76 73 74 73 -67 -67 
 68 71 72 73 77 78 '81 '82 '80 '86 '91 91 '91 -87 '88 '84 '83 -85 -91 -89 -87 '84 -86 '86 
 89 '92 -92 -95 '96 -90 -91 '92 -90 '88 '85 '85 '85 "85 '85 -83 '80 '80 79 77 77 77 78 78 
 70 -84, -QK. .OR .07 -co -Q9 -Qfi -pa 
 
 0-816 
 
 821 
 790 
 830 
 854 
 
 NOVEMBER 1 
 
 & IO i O 1O OO ~] < 
 
 -92-86 -89 -93 -94 -91 -87 -82 -79 -77 -73 -75 -73 -73 -74 
 73 78 77 77 78 -80 -80 -82 -83 -85 -87 "90 '93 -94 -92 -81 -77 -71 -68 -67 -68 -73 -74 -64 
 65 '68 -68 '68 -69 -70 -71 78 -83 -83 '83 "87 '91 -87 -81 77 "65 '62 "62 -67 -64 -62 -63 -62 
 65 '68 71 73 73 73 73 72 76 -80 '84 '85 '86 -92 -92 -91 -80 -80 78 78 '83 '80 -87 -91 
 83 '82 -83 -81 '82 -81 79 "82 -91 -91 '91 -90 '89 -80 79 76 74 -69 72 -66 -69 -68 71 -68 
 67 72 78 78 71 73 75 78 -91 -92 '92 -89 '86 -87 -84 -81 '78 '74 72 -68 -69 -68 -63 '69 
 
 71 -78 -fif) -89 -89 -8A -S^ -fifi -8Q 
 
 848 
 788 
 723 
 796 
 790 
 773 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR 
 
 <J Oi CJT rfi. CO tO ) i O CO OO 4 C". _' -t 
 
 -93 -97 -96 -96 -94 -92 -92 '94 -91 -89 -92 -91 -87 -96 -93 
 98 '97 -98 -96 -97 -95 -97 '96 -95 -95 '94 -94 "95 -93 -95 -90 '85 '89 '91 '87 '90 '89 '94 -85 
 92 -92 -90 -90 -91 '91 -93 '97 -95 -94 "92 '91 -90 -92 -91 -88 '86 '83 '81 76 -80 76 77 -82 
 79 -80 -81 -95 -92 '91 -91 -94 -95 -94 "92 "89 "87 -93 -91 -89 '85 76 -81 78 76 79 '80 79 
 80 '82 -83 -83 -87 -88 -88 '88 -91 -92 "92 '91 '91 -85 -93 '81 '81 79 '80 -80 79 78 78 -80 
 81 -80 -81 79 79 78 78 '83 -84 -84 '84 '86 '88 -94 -84 -82 79 '84 -87 '87 '96 '87 -94 -95 
 93 -98 -96 -94 -87 -83 -86 '88 -85 
 -86 '87 -90 '94 -96 -96 -95 '89 "84 -83 '82 '84 -85 79 -82 
 86 -87 -89 -91 -91 -94 -92 '95 -96 '94 '91 '91 '91 -92 '93 '91 '82 "84 -84 -87 "86 '84 -83 -84 
 87 -87 -91 -91 '92 -95 -95 '97 "96 '97 "98 '98 '99 '98 -92 -91 '83 '84 -82 '80 -80 -80 '80 -83 
 84 -85 -87 -87 '88 '91 -91 -91 -93 -92 '91 '90 -90 -90 -93 -86 -82 -84 -80 77 75 75 -82 -84 
 83 -87 -87 '88 -90 -98 '95 '97 '95 -93 -91 '90 '90 '90 -91 -91 -89 '84 -84 79 -80 '80 78 77 
 86 -87 -89 -90 -89 -90 -91 '91 -91 -93 '95 '95 '95 -95 -95 '91 '87 '89 '85 "83 78 -84 -87 -84 
 
 87 -Q4, 'Q1 -8/1 -89 -B9 -SA. -ftK '87 
 
 888 
 931 
 879 
 861 
 846 
 848 
 
 884 
 891 
 898 
 862 
 878 
 892 
 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 -86 -84 -84 -84 -86 -93 -81 77 75 75 74 75 73 78 75 
 85 -87 79 -82 '85 -88 -86 '89 -94 -93 '91 -92 '93 -95 '94 -95 "90 '86 '86 "81 76 76 74 76 
 77 -80 -81 -84 -88 -91 -92 '95 -91 -91 -90 -90 '91 -92 '89 '87 -84 -81 78 79 '80 77 -81 78 
 
 824 
 864 
 853 
 
 Means 
 
 0-800 -828 -831 -839 '843 '852 '859 -882 -897 '900 -898 '902 '911 '912 '903 -864 '821 '801 794 777 783 772 788 787 
 
 0-844 
 
 1 
 
 O 
 
 i 
 
 co 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0-824 0-855 0'826 0'836 0'836 0'833 0'819 0'819 0'819 O'SIO O'SOO 0'808 0'817 0'815 0'824 0'870 0'842 0'83" 0'819 0'841 0'852 0768 0'873 0'865 
 
 781 775 779 774 789 -805 -814 -819 -824 -820 '815 -804 793 '804 -811 '833 '853 -823 '813 774 780 783 798 784 
 740 743 706 712 705 725 746 773 776 765 753 755 758 744 740 740 783 "819 '817 '816 '820 '816 718 714 
 725 733 734 730 747 768 784 -800 710 763 '816 '812 -809 772 774 784 '815 -842 '838 '816 '853 '870 '908 '887 
 872 -813 '846 '838 -849 -834 -836 "837 -862 "841 -819 '812 '805 '822 "846 '868 "889 "915 '911 '911 -908 '911 '887 '876 
 
 4^7 -Gft*7 -C^Q -fi^R -CAT -Q^C -mil -fi7ft -RGQ 
 
 In. 
 
 0-830 
 802 
 758 
 795 
 859 
 
 NOVEMBER 1 
 
 i 
 O K> t ' O <> 00 <! C 
 
 -826 769 781 794 792 "803 '825 '859 '888 '878 '838 -829 '822 '809 '809 
 767 776 751 753 758 757 758 758 760 766 771 776 782 790 787 780 773 747 735 720 753 -810 795 -667 
 657 -653 '648 '649 '644 -653 "655 704 725 724 722 716 711 '656 '623 '686 "633 '645 '650 724 -689 '672 '665 '643 
 657 -660 -670 "675 '675 "683 "683 '686 723 730 736 738 740 776 791 '809 '802 "830 "839 '845 -819 -830 '830 '841 
 802 787 789 778 785 772 750 758 -810 796 782 782 782 747 731 732 732 715 750 706 735 735 723 '690 
 670 -675 -694 -694 '660 '671 "668 '675 759 736 713 -684 -655 656 '655 "697 720 732 726 703 '715 713 '664 '697 
 
 837 
 762 
 673 
 753 
 757 
 693 
 
 g if 
 
 fa 17 
 ^ 18 
 > 19 
 ft 20 
 
 -816 -856 -859 '862 '845 '814 791 -813 '816 '806 '820 -837 '825 '827 794 
 823 752 759 759 766 753 767 754 747 751 755 763 771 767 '806 '802 781 798 762 773 776 779 '809 '808 
 802 -804 779 768 722 729 748 739 726 726 725 735 745 764 790 781 '790 788 '803 793 -80S -766 756 758 
 751 -752 755 793 788 770 759 791 -824 '811 797 798 799 -806 795 797 792 792 -819 '810 791 '817 '810 790 
 782 785 786 776 '819 '813 '821 "825 '836 '831 '826 -831 -837 792 '814 791 '806 '828 '830 '830 -835 796 791 '805 
 80S 776 778 775 768 751 751 794 795 793 790 788 787 792 771 764 767 784 798 '800 792 773 791 791 
 
 7 t i^ "?*;; '77Q -7AR '718 -708 -791 '7^7 -789 
 
 794 
 774 
 764 
 792 
 812 
 782 
 
 21 
 
 fc 22 
 
 i 23 
 
 1 25 
 H 26 
 
 _____ 777 771 790 '809 '820 '822 '854 '820 -844 '841 -844 -871 -889 '844 '850 
 851 -832 '833 -845 '844 -845 '818 '825 '827 '826 '824 '820 -816 '812 '836 '836 '871 -896 '900 '819" '877 -900 '875 '880 
 861 -853 -864 -852 "857 -875 '867 -850 '822 "829 '836 -846 -856 '852 789 '816 '816 -870 '895 '874 -889 -891 '861 -864 
 854 -845 -853 -851 '850 '864 '856 -844 -841 '832 '822 -815 -808 "828 '859 '845 '836 -870 '859 '879 '872 -872 '879 -817 
 800 -825 -827 '831 '863 -857 '847 '864 '846 '842 '837 "832 "828 "828 "837 '836 '819 -838 "864 "862 -889 -867 '823 -801 
 823 -805 -820 -828 '817 -807 '803 '790 786 779 771 771 771 '777 771 763 771 -803 '848 '814 -813 -834 '812 -796 
 
 801 
 846 
 854 
 848 
 840 
 799 
 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 iav oio oil <o4 lot ioo toz i id ill 
 ____ _ -695 -618 -612 -606 -620 '685 '618 '655 -668 '691 709 729 704 725 -691 
 738 731 -672 -686 -694 714 -697 709 744 727 710 731 753 751 745 773 779 780 796 780 766 772 737 735 
 731 738 741 751 769 782 792 787 735 731 726 737 749 725 712 705 720 759 753 779 -802 789 797 749 
 
 710 
 
 738 
 752 
 
 Means 
 
 0778 -774- -772 772 774 -775 -775 -784 -789 "782 -775 "777 -779 775 -778 '784 -790 '805 '809 -803 -811 -808 -800 '785 | 
 
 0-786 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 147 
 
 HUMIDITY OP THE AIR AND TENSION OP THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottin^en 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 )aily ant; 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 ItftdlM 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m h m h. m h. m. h. m h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. b. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 1.41 ' 5.11 C.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13."41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23. 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 
 n 
 
 10 7 
 2 8 
 P3 9 
 
 | !',' 
 
 w 12 
 
 n 
 
 W M 
 
 O '4 
 | i:, 
 
 P3 It) 
 
 5 17 
 
 * 18 
 19 
 
 (H 20 
 
 EH 21 
 5 22 
 B 23 
 
 
 W 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0-84 0-81 0-83 0-83 0'84 0'91 0'95 0'96 0'94 0'94 0'93 0-92 0-92 O93 0'93 0'90 0'87 0'82 0'80 077 0-73 0'75 0-76 075 
 78 -79 -81 -83 "85 '87 '92 "93 '93 -93 -93 "94 -95 -95 -95 -91 -87 "81 '76 -72 "71 -69 -66 -68 
 73 -81 -84 -86 -89 "89 '90 '94 '96 -95 '94 '95 -96 -95 -93 '91 -84 '72 -69 '65 '68 -68 "69 -66 
 
 Q .71 -71 -*7G -CO -QA -Q^ -QQ -Q^ 
 
 0-860 
 840 
 834 
 
 756 
 706 
 777 
 770 
 724 
 729 
 
 772 
 755 
 740 
 764 
 759 
 802 
 
 842 
 803 
 844 
 765 
 760 
 737 
 
 758 
 755 
 771 
 747 
 752 
 772 
 
 -93-91 -92 -93 -93 -92 -86 -73 "65 -49 -47 -48 -47 '49 -52 
 55 -59 -65 -64 -64 -70 -70 -67 '73 -78 '83 -84 -86 -89 -82 -76 '70 '70 -66 -65 -71 '65 "59 -63 
 67 -71 -74 -73 -73 '77 '78 -80 '82 -84 -86 -88 -91 -87 '83 -78 -75 '73 '73 -73 -76 '75 '76 '72 
 75 -79 -80 -81 -81 '80 -80 -82 -79 -80 -80 -81 "82 -83 '87 -87 '82 "68 '70 '66 -65 '67 '63 "69 
 68 -69 -71 -71 -72 -76 '76 -77 -81 "82 -82 '82 "82 -87 -91 '71 "65 '63 '61 '60 -61 '62 "61 "66 
 68 -71 -73 -73 -74 '73 -73 '75 -82 '85 -87 '87 '87 -87 '86 -74 -60 '61 -61 "59 -61 -63 "67 -62 
 
 R^ -R8 -19 '7^ '7^ -79 '81 -R 6 ! '88 
 
 -87 -86 -86 -87 -89 -90 -80 -76 -72 -73 -75 -73 -70 -69 -64 
 66 -67 -70 -70 -69 -75 -79 '82 -87 -89 -90 -91 '92 -92 -91 -86 -77 '66 -66 '60 -63 '61 -59 -64 
 61 -64 -65 -66 -67 '69 -76 -78 -81 '81 '80 -83 -87 '86 -84 -80 -81 '73 -69 -69 -68 '69 "69 -70 
 74 -75 -73 -73 -71 74 -74 '77 -86 -86 -85 -87 "90 -92" -93 -89 -82 -68 -68 '62 -63 -63 '64 -64 
 64 70 -68 70 72 73 74 76 -85 -86 -86 -86 -86 -88 "84 -80 76 75 71 70 72 72 70 -68 
 70 76 -80 -80 -82 -84 -86 '91 -89 -88 -86 -87 '88 -88 -89 -86 -80 79 75 72 -68 -67 -66 -68 
 
 7 1 ; -Cl -S^ -8Q -O4. Q'i 'Q4. -Q5 -Q5 
 
 -92-89 -91 -93 -95 -94 -89 -83 73 -72 -72 -73 -69 -69 -68 
 73 78 -80 -80 -81 -82 -83 '83 -86 -88 "89 -90 -91 -89 -94 -86 -84 78 -66 -67 71 71 -69 -68 
 69 75 77 '80 -83 '87 -93 '95 -97 '96 '94 -94 -95 -97 -93 -91 "91 '80 -76 77 '77 70 70 -69 
 74 76 76 77 78 79 79 -82 -82 -82 '82 -83 -85 -90 -91 -79 70 -68 -68 -68 -65 '67 -66 -70 
 65 71 73 77 78 '80 '82 '81 '91 "91 '90 -90 -91 -92 -91 -84 -67 "61 '59 -59 "62 '64 -62 "62 
 63 70 70 70 -69 -77 -78 -80 -83 -86 '89 -90 -92 -93 '89 77 -63 "62 -60 -62 -62 -61 -61 -63 
 63 '71 70 74 76 76 76 78 79 
 
 __ _ _ -84-89-89 -90 -93 -92 -86 -71 -68 -66 -65 -66 -65 -62 -66 
 68 -70 -72 -75 -78 -80 -80 75 76 -79 -81 -86 -91 -90 -90 -83 -75 -68 -66 -65 -65 -65 -66 -68 
 71 -73 -75 76 76 78 79 -86 -83 -86 -89 -89 -90 -91 -88 -84 70 -67 -65 -68 "65 -65 '67 -70 
 70 73 75 -75 -74 75 -75 76 -78 -82 -85 -88 -91 -90 : 87 -76 -69 -67 -66 -63 -63 -62 -65 -68 
 67 70 75 72 74 74 75 -80 -81 '85 -88 -88 -89 -90 -90 -84 -67 -66 '67 -66 -65 -64 -64 -64 
 68 -70 72 75 -78 -82 -83 -86 -90 -91 -91 -90 -89 -90 -89 -85 -65 -65 -67 -64 -64 -67 '66 -66 
 
 Means 
 
 0-690 726 -746 757 769 -792 -813 -833 -856 -868 -873 -883 -897 -905 -897 -833 -752 -700 -676 -662 -666 -660 -656 -664 1 0-774 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 oo 5 
 
 e 
 
 - 1 7 
 03 8 
 g 9 
 10 
 H 11 
 12 
 
 P 13 
 1 14 
 05 15 
 g 16 
 2 17 
 18 
 > 19 
 & 20 
 21 
 & 22 
 S 23 
 24 
 H 25 
 &" 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0791 0'760 0-765 0770 0772 O'Sll 0'820 0'813 0770 0755 0740 0738 0737 0727 0732 0750 0776 0784 0797 0779 0754 0762 0799 0739 
 759 732 737 743 747 749 -764 760 -752 -748 -743 743 -743 "742 -748 767 771 760 -738 -727 -734 -692 "672 -677 
 700 726 -735 -742 -753 -744 -743 -744 -726 -711 -696 -695 -695 -698 -700 734 -740 -686 -657 '637 '667 '677 -683 -635 
 600 -633 -643 -650 -661 -676 -699 -709 -677 
 
 In. 
 
 0768 
 739 
 
 705 
 
 596 
 564 
 652 
 694 
 650 
 610 
 
 628 
 601 
 618 
 645 
 636 
 654 
 
 698 
 688 
 700 
 660 
 613 
 606 
 
 640 
 634 
 637 
 636 
 621 
 1 -633 
 
 -647 -616 -620 -624 '624 -616 -631 '617 '590 '462 '448 '464 '447 -468 '482 
 497 -514 -548 -528 -519 -547 -547 -530 -539 -550 -560 -566 -573 '590 -562 -583 -567 -599 "595 '605 '660 -602 -567 '591 
 602 -617 -621 -623 -623 -652 -653 '659 -667 -660 -653 -656 '660 -634 -623 -608 -643 '660 -660 '685 719 716 -698 '666 
 666 -691 -694 -699 -702 -704 -705 736 702 -704 -705 -707 710 713 730 -741 -722 -665 -697 "647 -661 '679 -631 '655 
 645 -631 -639 -640 -640 -673 -673 -676 -709 -706 -703 -687 '671 -694 -711 -652 -599 -614 -597 '595 -596 "605 -598 '642 
 632 -632 -633 -630 -626 -617 -605 -600 '620 -625 -630 -627 -624 -611 -622 -615 -532 -574 -573 "572 -598 -617 -637 '585 
 589 '594 -600 -598 -595 -583 -640 -651 -658 
 
 -653 -648 -649 -650 -640 -642 -595 -613 -634 -645 "671 '671 '642 -625 '588 
 596 -572 -586 -585 -570 -581 '592 -611 -622 -631 -639 -640 -641 -634 -626 -635 -624 -585 -610 '557 -600 -575 -558 '566 
 544 -553 -554 -556 -563 '565 -587 -590 "598 -602 -605 -632 -660 -659 -643 -648 -682 -685 -648 '654 -644 -649 -653 '653 
 668 -668 -653 -649 -632 -645 -641 -651 -664 -658 -652 -658 -664 -673 -681 -683 -687 -621 -620 -583 -606 '606 -609 "604 
 587 -607 -586 -593 -602 -617 -615 -616 -634 -640 -645 -649 '653 -659 -628 -632 -646 -667 -655 '661 -679 -680 -666 '643 
 622 -650 -657 -657 -664 -658 "660 -664 -640 -628 -616 -620 -625 -618 -626 -654 -662 -701 -716 -679 -673 '683 -659 '673 
 695 707 -713 -725 -719 '698 -695 -698 '700 
 
 -695 -690 -691 -693 705 -673 -705 -719 -689 -711 '706 -723 "684 -676 '653 
 672 -687 -693 -688 -692 -686 -688 -689 -696 -698 -700 -691 -683 -667 -684 -690 -720 -737 -641 -665 -699 -702 -685 -668 
 651 -675 -681 -688 -696 -699 716 719 -700 -685 -669 -672 -675 -685 -693 "710 735 734 740 746 752 -697 703 "675 
 702 -678 -672 '669 -671 -678 '678 -681 '675 -670 -664 -655 -647 -624 -644 '622 -630 '643 -654 -664 '671 -658 -628 '661 
 592 -615 -634 '651 -660 -661 -644 '635 -643 -634 -624 -625 -626 -625 -616 '606 '575 '559 -557 '568 '592 "606 -585 '580 
 585 -606 -607 '607 -588 -6l8 "619 -627 '645 -641 -636 -632 -629 -626 -622 '624 -545 '557 -549 '571 '596 '598 -598 -607 
 621 -632 -625 -640 -6^0 -fi^l -651 -fitt -fiSfi 
 
 659 -662 -653 '645 '647 -644 '670 -638 '644 -641 -633 -637 '618 -592 -597 
 603 -603 -607 -622 -626 -632 -624 -622 -621 '625 -628 -635 -642 -642 -642 '656 -662 -643 -646 '670 -651 -638 -640 -646 
 657 -646 -648 -648 '645 -651 -645 -653 -645 -642 -639 -631 -624 -626 -600 -636 -621 -618 '615 -643 -633 '633 -644 -652 
 645 -637 -643 '643 '635 -638 '630 -632 -630 -638 -646 -644 -643 -641 -634 -620 -627 '649 -636 -623 -629 -622 -632 -640 
 625 -613 -643 -619 -618 -618 '617 -624 -618 -618 -618 -619 '620 -619 -616 '621 -597 -606 -658 -632 -632 -631 -613 -606 
 616 -605 -605 -622 -631 '648 '638 '640 -640 '642 '643 -640 -637 -628 '621 '627 -591 '615 -661 '643 -648 '666 -650 '624 
 
 Means 0'63f> '640 -645 -648 '648 '656 '659 -663 -661 -658 "654 -655 -655 '654 '651 '656 '650 '649 '644 -639 -651 "644 "636 -630J 0'649 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
148 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 38 
 
 g 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. hm h.m 
 
 ?!* 
 
 H 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 s 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 parts p . p . p . p . p . p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p . p . p . p . p . p . 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 444444452222222223344444 
 
 35 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 2 
 
 433333333444444444445544 
 
 42 
 
 N E 
 
 
 3 
 
 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 29 29 29 29 29 31 1 78 5666 
 
 32 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 io 4 
 
 45555555555555554445 5444 
 
 53 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 S 5 
 
 556666655455555566655554 
 
 59 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 Jx 6 
 
 323333334444444434355545 
 
 42 
 
 N E 
 
 
 PH 7 
 
 554444444444444465655444 
 
 49 
 
 N E 
 
 
 ^ri o 
 ^j 
 
 54445444455 55555 29 29 31 2 3334 
 
 38 
 
 ss by N 
 
 
 B 9 
 
 434444444444431012444444 
 
 38 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 5 10 
 
 332233334444444444444444 
 
 40 
 
 N E 
 
 
 "7 n 
 
 44455444555552222235 5666 
 
 47 
 
 N E 
 
 
 S 
 
 444444444332 31 31 31 31 444443 3 4 
 
 33 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 S 14 
 
 66555667777777541 10 899987 
 
 72 
 74 
 
 ENE 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 15 
 
 555444445555555116788888 
 
 59 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 H I 6 
 
 65555566666665433677 7777 
 
 64 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 W 17 
 
 66555555554444433488 7788 
 
 60 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 H 18 
 
 677666777662222229898988 
 
 67 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 fe 19 
 
 6777777772222222 30 31 789879 
 
 57 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 20 
 
 8888 888 8888 83 22 2 26 23 15 11 10 10 10 9 
 
 88 
 
 E 
 
 
 z 21 
 
 9 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 25 26 26 26 23 23 24 22 22 18 20 16 15 16 
 
 183 
 
 S 
 
 
 22 
 
 15 15 15 15 15 12 14 14 14 14 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 19 15 13 15 12 12 11 
 
 178 
 
 S 
 
 
 H 23 
 
 8 8 7 7 8 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 19 19" 19 19 14 12 12 12 12 11 10 
 
 129 
 
 SE by E 
 
 
 24 
 
 10 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 7 6 6 8 8 9 7 2 3 
 
 95 
 
 E 
 
 
 --" ~ ' ' 
 
 11 10 10 10 11 11 H 11 H H 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 14 14 14 13 12 12 11 
 
 130 
 
 S E 
 
 
 B 26 
 
 10 10 10 H 11 11 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 10 
 
 117 
 
 E S E 
 
 
 27 
 
 OQ 
 
 10 10 998999999993323568 8888 
 
 84 
 
 B by N 
 
 
 20 
 
 29 
 
 55555555555555553445 5555 
 
 54 
 
 E by N 
 NE by E 
 
 
 30 
 
 44444555566677788888 7775 
 
 68 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 31 
 
 55556688844444433677 7787 
 
 63 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooo ooooo oooo ooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Hourly f 
 
 70 68 66 66 68 68 71 71 73 69 65 61 59 56 53 60 56 54 83 85 85 81 77 76 
 
 1 72 
 
 
 
 Mean B J 
 
 ENE ENE ENE ENE ENE ENE ENE ENE ENE ENK ENE NEbE NEbE NEbE NEbE NE NEbE NEbE EbN E E ibN EbN EbN 
 
 3 / " 
 
 
 
 si~ if 
 
 0000000000123322 52100000 
 
 21 
 
 Obs.N 
 
 w 
 
 01|JSW 
 
 000000000011123323111101 
 
 21 
 
 S ' 
 
 (V 
 
 
 887 7 8 8 10 10 10 9 7 76333 3 6 11 15 12 11 13 11 
 
 196 
 
 s 
 
 E 
 
 d||| I L N E 
 
 23 23 24 24 23 23 21 21 21 22 22 21 21 23 23 23 21 20 18 15 18 19 18 19 
 
 506 
 
 N 
 
 E 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 010 0'08 O'Ol 0-00 0-00 O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0'02 0-04 0'08 010 013 015 012 013 010 
 
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 2 
 
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 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -02 -04 -04 10 '08 '06 
 
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 04 
 
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 0-02| 
 
 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 149 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OP THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 I*. 
 
 A 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h-m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h-m. h.m. h.m. hm h m 
 
 til 
 
 11 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.11 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 la41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 5? 
 
 D 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p . p . p. p. p. p. p . 
 
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 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 19 19 19 19 10 13 13 12 12 12 
 
 13f 
 
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 18' 
 
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 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 19 21 19 15 13 13 14 14 14 
 
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 151 
 
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 7 
 
 10 10 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 31 9 8 9 10 10 10 11 
 
 13' 
 
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 11 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 21 21 13 13 11 11 10 11 10 
 
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 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 26 21 12 13 12 11 11 11 
 
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 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 14 12 12 12 12 
 
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 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 22 20 16 13 13 13 12 10 
 
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 45 
 
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 9 11 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 14 13 10 12 12 12 11 
 
 112 
 
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 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 19 30 14 13 12 11 11 10 9 
 
 132 
 
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 8 10 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 17 18 13 13 13 13 13 13 
 
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 183 
 
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 38 
 
150 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DIRECTION AND FOBCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 fea 
 
 pi O 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h m h m. h.m. li.in. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.iu. h.m. ti.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. Ii.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 
 mJafS 
 
 bis 
 
 ~ c^ 
 
 g's 
 ;Ss 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.11 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 R?< 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 22 23 17 16 16 16 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 153 
 
 SS K 
 
 
 2 
 
 14 14 14 13 13 13 13 13 13 13. 13 13 13 13 13 14 19 18 18 15 14 14 14 14 
 
 158 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 3 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 16 13 13 12 12 12 12 
 
 146 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 4 
 
 13 13 13 13 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 23 16 14 14 14 14 14 13 
 
 148 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 oo 5 
 
 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 15 15 13 13 13 13 
 
 147 
 
 SEby s 
 
 
 25 a 
 OO o 
 
 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 21 18 14 13 13 13 13 13 
 
 160 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 - 1 -7 
 
 13 13 13 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 19 17 12 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 146 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 CH 8 
 
 14 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 18 16 13 13 13 13 13 14 
 
 151 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 a 9 
 
 14 14 14 14 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 27 16 15 14 14 15 15 15 
 
 163 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 3 10 
 
 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 H 11 11 11 11 11 H 11 11 14 12 12 12 10 11 
 
 127 
 
 SE by E 
 
 
 a 11 
 
 12 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 3 3 4 2 3 4 5 5 5 
 
 101 
 
 E by s 
 
 
 1 12 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 19 21 18 13 12 12 12 12 
 
 209 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 P 13 
 
 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 15 15 15 15 16 16 13 13 13 13 13 13 10 12 10 9 
 
 141 
 
 si by e 
 
 
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 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 18 20 18 15 15 15 15 15 13 14 
 
 162 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 S 15 
 
 12 13 13 13 13' 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 16 14 13 13 13 13 14 
 
 148 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 16 
 
 14 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 23 20 19 19 14 13 13 12 12 
 
 160 
 
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 td I? 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 19 19 14 14 14 14 14 14 
 
 155 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 13 18 
 
 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 19 16 15 16 12 14 14 14 
 
 152 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 h 19 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 11 11 8 7 
 
 130 
 
 S E 
 
 
 20 
 
 10 10 10 12 12 12 12 12 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 9 9 11 12 10 10 9 
 
 82 
 
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 ^ 21 
 
 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9282815121112121212 
 
 99 
 
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 22 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 12 12 27 13 13 13 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 150 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 a 23 
 
 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 14 13 13 13 13 13 
 
 155 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 24 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 20 18 16 14 12 12 10 10 
 
 142 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 fH 25 
 
 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 16 17 17 17 20 19 18 13 13 13 13 13 13 
 
 151 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 M 26 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 16 17 12 12 12 12 11 11 
 
 138 
 
 s >: 
 
 
 27 
 
 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 14 13 12 12 12 10 10 11 
 
 134 
 
 SE 
 
 
 28 
 
 12 12 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 11 11 18 21 16 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 142 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 29 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 19 21 16 16 12 12 11 11 11 
 
 145 
 
 SEby s 
 
 
 30 
 
 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 13 16 16 16 11 11 11 11 11 
 
 132 
 
 S E 
 
 
 31 
 
 
 88 
 
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 Hourly ( 
 Means | 
 
 136 136 136 136 135 136 136 143 141 129 129 143 143 147 147 163 187 173 154 140 135 135 127 131 
 
 9E SB SB SE 8E BE SE SEbS SEbS SEbE SEbE SEbS SEbS SEbS SEbS SSE SbW sbE SSE SE SE SB SEbE SE 
 
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 13 Obs. N w 
 
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 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 29 29 29 28 27 26 26 21 10 11 22 28 29 29 29 28 
 
 641 s E 
 
 if 41 NE 
 
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 31 NE 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. lb. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 lb. 
 
 -13 
 
 O 
 
 
 1 
 
 0-02 0'02 O'OO 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-00 O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0-00 0-00 O'OO O'OO 0-10 0'12 0-15 0-17 
 
 0-02 
 
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 2 
 
 10 '08 -02 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -03 -05 '07 '04 '08 "10 "12 -14 
 
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 40 '35 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 "00 "00 "00 "00 "00 '00 "00 -00 -10 -00 -02 -04 -06 -08 -00 
 
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 n "S 
 
 10 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -oo -02 -08 -oo 
 
 01 
 
 S-og 
 
 < 11 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -03 
 
 00 
 
 1 
 
 S 12 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 ~ s s 
 
 1 13 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 B 
 
 < 5 
 
 8 14 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -02 -oo -oo -oo -oo -03 -02 
 
 oc 
 
 CO ^- 
 
 g - 
 
 5 15 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -02 -03 -03 
 
 oo 
 
 HEW 
 
 o O-^ 
 
 ^ 16 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -or -02 -oo -oo -08 -12 -14 
 
 02 
 
 i-T-J *" "^ 
 * o ** 
 
 H 1? 
 
 10 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -03 -oo -oo -03 -10 -07 -10 
 
 OS 
 
 "2 2 
 
 18 
 
 03 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -00 -00 -00 -03 -02 
 
 oo 
 
 C C '.- 
 
 a,s-.s 
 
 H 19 
 
 03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -01 -01 -03 -05 
 
 01 
 
 K a ^ 
 
 TJ 
 
 'PR 20 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -01 -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oc 
 
 C 01. ~ 
 
 3 rtj 
 
 21 
 
 oo -01 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -02 -01 -02 
 
 oc 
 
 11 JS 
 
 H 22 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -oo -03 -02 -05 -06 
 
 01 
 
 flg~ 
 
 23 
 
 03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -00 -00 -00 -01 -00 
 
 oc 
 
 .9r 
 
 24 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo '-oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oc 
 
 <D O 
 
 g 25 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -05 -04 -02 
 
 01 
 
 
 * 26 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -02 -02 -03 '01 -00 -00 
 
 oc 
 
 '& 
 
 W +3 
 
 27 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -02 -02 -03 -10 -12 -14 
 
 OS 
 
 .a c 
 
 o 
 
 28 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -oo -oo -04 -03 -10 -10 
 
 01 
 
 S u 
 
 29 
 
 12 -05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -03 '08 '01 '02 '01 '05 -06 
 
 0; 
 
 g 
 
 w H 
 
 30 
 
 02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -00 -00 -02 -01 -03 
 
 0( 
 
 o> 
 
 31 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -03 -01 -10 -03 
 
 01 g 
 
 Means 0'04 '02 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '01 '01 -01 '01 '02 '04 -05 -05 1 0'01| 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 151 
 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OP THE WIND 
 
 
 
 
 Gottiiiffen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 J-^fn 
 
 eg 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h-m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m, h.m. 
 
 I'll 
 
 11 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 6.41 6,41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 '&** 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 parts P- P. P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 12 12 12 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 11 11 11 9 10 
 
 125 
 
 SE byE 
 
 
 2 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 19 18 17 13 12 10 10 
 
 142 
 
 ~"J 
 
 SE 
 
 
 3 
 
 10 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 18 18 13 13 13 13 13 13 
 
 153 
 
 s E by 8 
 
 
 00 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 17 15 13 12 12 11 11 11 
 
 138 
 
 S E 
 
 
 AO ec 
 
 00 
 
 13 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 11 10 10 10 
 
 128 
 
 SEby E 
 
 
 '-' 6 
 
 11 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 24 22 23 11 9 9 10 10 
 
 131 
 
 S E 
 
 
 >-5 7 
 
 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 19 19 19 13 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 138 
 
 S E 
 
 
 S 8 
 
 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 11 15 15 16 16 16 16 15 16 15 11 10 11 11 11 
 
 134 
 
 S E 
 
 
 PH 9 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 17 18 20 20 20 13 13 13 13 
 
 160 
 
 S SE 
 
 
 f 10 
 
 13 14 14 15 16 17 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 17 19 19 20 21 21 25 13 13 14 14 
 
 185 
 
 S 
 
 
 11 
 
 13 15 15 13 13 13 13 15 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 19 20 21 21 14 14 14 13 
 
 179 
 
 S 
 
 
 g 12 
 
 12 12 12 16 14 13 14 16 15 15 17 17 16 16 16 16 16 18 13 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 161 
 
 S S E 
 
 
 S 13 
 
 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 17 19 18 18 17 17 17 19 19 15 15 15 15 15 15 
 
 173 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 14 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 14 12 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 151 
 
 SE by B 
 
 
 W 15 
 
 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 17 17 17 13 13 12 12 12 12 
 
 143 
 
 s Eby s 
 
 
 W 16 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 14 14 13 13 12 12 12 12 
 
 138 
 
 SE 
 
 
 H 17 
 
 12 12 11 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 9 9 9 9 9 9 
 
 117 
 
 E S E 
 
 
 fe 18 
 
 9 9 9 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 15 11 10 11 9 9 10 10 
 
 119 
 
 B Eby E 
 
 
 19 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 12 11 9 9 9 9 
 
 112 
 
 E S E 
 
 
 fc 20 
 
 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 16 16 16 10 10 10 11 11 
 
 128 
 
 s E by E 
 
 
 21 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 10 10 9 9 9 9 9 
 
 113 
 
 ES E 
 
 
 H 22 
 
 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 15 15 12 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 136 
 
 S E 
 
 
 g 23 
 
 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 13 15 11 11 11 12 11 12 
 
 128 
 
 s E by E 
 
 
 ed 24 
 
 12 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 16 16 11 11 11 11 10 10 
 
 138 
 
 SE 
 
 
 S 25 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 15 15 11 11 10 10 9 9 
 
 135 
 
 SE 
 
 
 26 
 
 12 12 12. 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12. 12 12 12 12 12 16 12 10 11 10 11 11 11 
 
 133 
 
 S E 
 
 
 27 
 
 7 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 8 8 8 7 8 8 7 7 
 
 116 
 
 E SE 
 
 
 28 
 
 5577899998 75555565755549 
 
 72 
 
 E NE 
 
 
 29 
 
 QA 
 
 5 5 6 7 7 7 8 13 10 10 7 6 6 13 15 17 12 10 11 11 12 11 11 10 
 
 108 
 
 E SE 
 
 
 oO 
 31 
 
 
 99 
 
 E by s 
 
 
 
 ooooooo oooooo ooc oooooooo 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hourly ( 
 
 119 122 123 125 125 126 127 131 131 134 136 135 135 138 140 149 165 165 149 139 124 124 122 124 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 Means ( 
 
 SEbESEbE SEbE SEbE SEbESEbE SEbE SE SE SE SE BE SE SE SE SEbs sbE sbE SEbs SE SEbE SEbE SEbESEbE 
 
 ) 
 
 SB 
 
 
 3 .3 & i N "W 
 
 000000000000000010010000 
 
 2 
 
 Obs. N 
 
 w 
 
 ' I s w 
 
 0001 1 1 012355666 10 13 13 630000 
 
 82 
 
 s 
 
 w 
 
 g g'i S E 
 
 26 27 27 26 27 27 29 28 27 26 22 22 21 22 23 19 15 16 23 24 29 29 28 29 
 
 592 
 
 99 S 
 
 E 
 
 o'ljs NE 
 
 433322111133321111121121 
 
 44 
 
 N 
 
 E 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 i 
 
 
 1 
 
 o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo 
 
 o-oo 
 
 *1 
 
 fl} 
 
 
 2 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo o-oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 g 
 
 
 3 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 ;00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -05 10 -07 
 
 01 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -02 
 
 00 
 
 "* 
 00 o 
 
 
 5 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -oo -03 -01 -02 -03 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 oo 6 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 oo 7 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 8 1 
 
 
 8 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -03 -08 -00 -00 '02 -03 -00 
 
 01 
 
 
 
 ti 9 
 
 08 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 "05 12 15 -00 10 '08 "07 
 
 03 
 
 o -' 
 
 
 10 
 
 08 10 '04 -03 -08 -07 "00 "00 '00 "00 "00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '04 -08 12 10 -08 "02 '04 "06 '00 
 
 04 
 
 o _o 
 
 
 Sn 11 
 
 10 -02 -04 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 "00 '02 '00 -00 '00 "02 10 12 '08 '07 "06 "02 13 '30 "35 
 
 06 
 
 *-f a 
 
 
 12 
 
 25 -20 10 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 10 "05 -45 -42 -00 '00 '00 -00 -08 10 "07 10 "40 "50 "45 75 
 
 16 
 
 s S P 
 
 O g -L3 
 
 
 Q 13 
 
 45 "27 10 -00 -00 -00 "00 '00 "00 '00 "00 "20 10 -00 "00 '00 10 '08 -07 -22 "55 "65 115 1-20 
 
 21 
 
 J g g 
 
 
 & 14 
 
 25 13 -08 -06 -02 "00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -02 '05 10 -30 "25 "42 0'37 0'42 
 
 10 
 
 S~ o 
 
 
 > 15 
 
 32 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 -02 -08 -45 "50 '80 "45 "40 
 
 13 
 
 .- ax 
 
 ^ L* "^ 
 
 
 16 
 
 08 "05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 -25 -35 "40 -25 18 
 
 07 
 
 
 
 fa 17 
 
 05 -02 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '-00 '03 -05 -04 
 
 01 
 
 T3 a S 
 
 
 3 18 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -01 -oo -oo -02 
 
 00 
 
 ill 
 
 
 19 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -05 15 17 14 
 
 02 
 
 W g 3 
 
 
 20 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 r & , fl 
 
 So'" 
 
 
 21 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 3 -43 a> 
 
 o o 
 
 
 g 22 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 " S "^ 
 
 
 23 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -25 -40 -22 10 
 
 04 
 
 J3 
 
 
 24 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -00 -02 -05 10 -05 15 
 
 02 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 25 
 
 22 15 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 "00 '00 -00 "00 '00 -00 .00 '00 '00 -00 -03 -02 -05 10 12 
 
 03 
 
 ' r >} 
 
 
 26 
 
 15 -20 -08 -07 -00 -00 "00 '00 -00 '00 -00 "00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 "00 -00 "00 -05 10 12 
 
 03 
 
 Cl. ,' 
 
 03 * 
 
 
 27 
 
 15 -08 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -00 -02 '01 -02 
 
 01 
 
 . p 
 QJ QJ 
 
 
 28 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -02 -03 -00 -02 -03 '01 "02 "00 
 
 01 
 
 2 
 
 
 29 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 00 
 
 2-fH 
 
 
 30 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo .00 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 o 
 
 ja 
 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 Means 
 
 0-07 '04 -02 -01 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '02 -02 "00 -00 -00 '01 '02 -02 '03 '06 '08 13 13 14 
 
 0-03 
 
 
 
152 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 
 
 
 Gottiliffen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 !& 
 
 sl 
 
 
 
 
 >i+^ 
 
 gg 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m: h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 
 ^ o*S 
 
 8.1 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 8.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 SB 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 Parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p . p. p. p. p. p. p. p . p. p. p . p. p. p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 10 11 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 13 12 13 11 11 11 10 9 
 
 141 
 
 SB by s 
 
 
 2 
 
 10 10 11 11 11 11 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 10 8 8 8 9 12 9 9 
 
 134 
 
 SE 
 
 
 3 
 
 8 10 12 11 11 11 11 10 885 484 4444648899 
 
 85 
 
 E 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 4 4 4 2 3 2 31 31 31 30 29 29 30 31 29 29 31 30 29 6 10 11 12 
 
 17 
 
 N N E 
 
 
 23 5 
 
 14 15 16 15 15 16 16 18 18 16 16 16 17 17 18 19 19 19 19 18 19 19 13 14 
 
 88 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 oo 6 
 
 16 13 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 15 17 18 18 15 14 12 12 
 
 155 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 7 
 
 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 19 20 22 22 19 19 13 13 13 
 
 184 
 
 s 
 
 
 Ed 8 
 
 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 21 22 28 29 29 29 29 27 10 18 
 
 245 
 
 w s w 
 
 
 a q 
 
 28 28 17 18 18 21 23 24 30 31 31 1 3 5 8 24 24 24 24 27 27 26 26 
 
 310 
 
 N W 
 
 
 ? 10 
 
 16 16 16 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 17 19 20 20 23 26 26 26 10 12 
 
 194 
 
 sby w 
 
 
 -i -I 
 
 13 13 14 16 16 16 16 19 19 20 20 20 23 23 23 24 27 27 28 6 7 8 8 9 
 
 194 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 12 
 
 11 13 14 14 14 16 16 15 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 20 22 21 20 12 12 12 12 
 
 176 
 
 s 
 
 
 S 13 
 
 10 11 11 13 13 13 13 13 14 15 15 15 16 16 15 15 15 20 12 10 9 10 10 12 
 
 148 
 
 SEby s 
 
 
 ^ 14 
 
 11 12 12 12 12 13 14 13 16 16 16 16 16 16 15 16 16 17 15 11 11 11 11 11 
 
 154 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 H 15 
 
 12 14 '14 14 14 15 14 15 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 
 
 199 
 
 s s w 
 
 
 W 16 
 
 1 1 1 1 Board Stopped .... .... 
 
 p 
 
 __ 
 
 
 ^ 17 
 
 28 28 25 26 26 28 24 21 21 21 21 21 23 23 23 26 25 24 22 22 22 21 20 18 
 
 262 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 o 18 
 
 18 19 24 20 21 21 20 20 20 22 23 23 23 23 23 27 20 20 20 22 20 20 22 22 
 
 240 
 
 swby w 
 
 
 19 
 
 18 18 21 20 20 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 22 20 21 21 24 24 24 27 26 
 
 249 
 
 w s w 
 
 
 (zi 20 
 
 24 23 23 24 25 26 26 24 24 24 23 23 23 23 23 23 21 21 21 22 22 24 23 23 
 
 262 
 
 wby s 
 
 
 2 21 
 
 22 22 16 16 18 17 17 17 17 18 23 23 23 23 23 Clock Stopped 
 
 ? 
 
 
 
 
 EH 22 
 
 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 >, 
 
 
 
 
 3 24 
 
 S 25 
 26 
 
 k ' 
 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 ct 
 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 .2 
 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ooo ooo o oooooooooo ooooooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Hourly ( 
 
 
 
 
 
 Means | 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 ?|- S |(NW 
 
 32222222332211145 5454522 
 
 6 
 
 j Obs. N 
 
 IV 
 
 5 S dJ s w 
 
 7 7 8 7 7 7 7 9 11 11 12 12 14 14 12 9 9 11 10 8 6 4 45 
 
 21 
 
 L s 
 
 w 
 
 5 ^ " | S E 
 
 10 11 10 11 11 9 9 9 6 6 5 5 4 3 5 5 4 2 4 4 7 10 13 12 
 
 17 
 
 3 s 
 
 E 
 
 |l-1l NE 
 
 11111220001112211 1122000 
 
 2- 
 
 t N 
 
 E 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 o 
 
 
 1 
 
 o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo 0-02 o-oo 0-02 o-oi o-oo o-oo 
 
 o-oo 
 
 =2 <D 
 
 gf. 
 
 
 2 
 
 oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -03 -02 -01 -oo -oo -02 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 oo -oo -02 -01 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -03 -oo -oo -02 10 -08 
 
 01 
 
 " 
 
 cr <u 
 
 
 4 
 
 05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 '05 13 -20 '28 '35 '38 10 15 '27 2'90 375 2'00 1-20 '50 '38 '35 '33 
 
 56 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 1-55 1-25 115 -65 "30 '25 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 "00 "00 '00 '00 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO "00 '00 "00 "00 
 
 21 
 
 0) 
 
 a o 
 
 
 6 
 
 o-oo o-oo o-oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 8 7 
 
 00 12 -00 -00 -03 18 13 15 .12 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 10 15 '08 -02 '00 '00 '02 
 
 05 
 
 ^ 
 O o3 
 
 
 03 8 
 
 07 -05 -08 -03 10 -04 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 10 15 -20 18 10 '03 '00 -00 
 
 05 
 
 fl 
 
 
 9 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 a c p 
 
 
 i2 10 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -02 -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 o o a 
 
 P.-W E 
 
 
 2 11 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -01 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 *3 = 
 
 
 1 12 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 sis 
 
 
 P 13 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 -oo 
 
 JK 0) p 
 
 
 S 14 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -oo -oo -02 -05 -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 ^ Ji 
 
 
 K 15 
 
 08 -07 -00 -00 -00 13 -00 '00 '00 "00 "00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '03 '05 10 13 "35 1-25 115 1-35 '90 
 
 23 
 
 , -^ 
 
 
 ^ 16 
 
 '2^ '13 *08 '00 '00 Board StoDocd , , . 
 
 
 _ {- 
 
 
 3 17 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -oo -oo -oo -03 o-oo 0-05 o-oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 r o c 
 TS 2.5 
 
 
 W 18 
 
 05 -03 -20 -05 12 15 '07 '06 "02 '04 -08 '04 '00 -00 '00 '00 "00 -00 "00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 
 
 04 
 
 i '" 
 
 
 19 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '08 15 18 "65 "55 
 
 07 
 
 on o 
 
 
 to 20 
 
 25 18 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '02 -00 -00 '00 "00 "00 '00 "00 "00 12 '03 '25 -45 '20 -32 "45 
 
 10 
 
 "c v"~ 
 
 
 21 
 W 22 
 
 20 -00 -00 -00 -05 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 Clock Stopped 
 
 
 
 || | 
 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 .gr 
 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 25 
 
 
 
 [> 
 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 fi| 
 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 .2 g 
 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 CJ 0) 
 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 =2n 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 <o 
 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 EH 
 
 
 Means 
 
 Oil -09 -08 -04 -03 -04 "01 "01 "02 -01 '02 '02 '02 "01 '01 '02 16 "22 14 12 13 11 15 12 
 
 0-071 
 
 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 153 
 
 DIRECTION AND FOBCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 -2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 lb. 
 
 e -~ G 
 
 c g 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m. 
 
 'S^SjS 
 
 If 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.11 5.41 li.H 7.41 8.41 V.H 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 18.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 341 
 
 &" 
 
 R 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p . p. p. p. p . p. p. p p p p p p . p . p. p. p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 ;; 
 
 20 20 19 20 21 21 28 30 31 28 3 3 3 333 322 22377 
 
 73 
 
 EKE 
 
 
 3 j 
 
 16 16 16 17 17 16 17 17 17 17 16 16 16 20 20 20 27 26 26 26 27 28 28 28 
 
 230 
 
 S TV 
 
 
 oo r, 
 
 
 
 
 
 " 7 
 
 Clock Stopped 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 M 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 " 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 10 
 
 18 18 19 24 1 4 5 
 
 
 
 
 P 11 
 
 12 12 13 13 16 16 14 14 17 20 17 17 18 20 22 24 25 26 27 26 6 9 10 11 
 
 190 
 
 s by TV 
 
 
 !H 12 
 
 10 10 11 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 17 18 18 21 22 23 23 24 24 24 10 11 
 
 179 
 
 s 
 
 
 ^ 13 
 
 13 13 15 20 19 16 16 18 22 24 19 18 18 18 18 20 21 23 23 22 23 25 28 27 
 
 225 
 
 S TV 
 
 
 H ^ ^ 
 
 13 13 13 15 14 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 18 20 21 24 24 22 22 22 13 13 
 
 194 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 W 15 
 
 13 13 14 16 16 14 18 20 23 24 24 21 24 24 20 20 24 28 28 7 12 11 11 12 
 
 205 
 
 S S TV 
 
 
 H 16 
 
 12 12 14 16 16 16 18 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 18 18 18 22 20 20 20 20 12 12 
 
 186 
 
 s by TV 
 
 
 fe 17 
 
 13 13 15 16 21 27 23 22 22 22 22 18 18 18 18 18 19 20 21 21 21 22 22 25 
 
 224 
 
 S TV 
 
 
 O 18 
 
 14 19 17 13 19 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 20 20 20 20 21 20 20 20 20 20 
 
 204 
 
 S S TV 
 
 
 * 19 
 
 11 12 13 14 19 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 22 21 20 B. Stopped 
 
 ? 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 20 20 20 20 20 Board Stopped 22 21 21 22 22 22 21 21 21 
 
 ? 
 
 
 
 H 21 
 
 28 12 14 14 14 15 15 16 17 19 19 22 23 23 23 23 22 22 23 22 23 20 20 27 
 
 223 
 
 S TV 
 
 
 o 22 
 
 10 19 16 16 28 28 27 24 24 23 24 25 22 24 24 25 26 26 24 23 22 20 17 
 
 257 
 
 TV by s 
 
 
 as 2 ^ 
 
 13 15 15 15 15 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 20 20 21 20 15 
 
 192 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 S 24 
 
 13 14 14 15 16 15 15 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 19 21 22 21 22 24 24 21 3 
 
 193 
 
 s by TV 
 
 
 R 05 
 
 13 14 14 14 15 15 16 15 15 16 16 20 24 22 24 23 23 24 25 24 24 23 22 12 
 
 212 
 
 s TV by s 
 
 
 26 
 
 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 28 29 31 11 11 11 11 H H 
 
 124 
 
 s E by E 
 
 
 27 
 
 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 27 28 1 10 8 9 12 12 
 
 170 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 28 
 
 12 12 13 13 13 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 15 16 18 19 20 13 13 13 13. 13 13 13 
 
 155 
 
 s s E 
 
 
 29 
 
 13 12 11 10 11 12 13 16 16 20 20 16 16 16 16 20 25 26 26 27 26 26 78 
 
 192 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 30 
 
 13 16 16 16 18 21 19 19 21 21 21 22 23 23 22 22 24 28 29 30 11 13 14 15 
 
 224 
 
 s w 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 Hourly \ 
 
 148 154 164 169 177 189 193 197 206 214 213 212 222 223 228 243 261 272 266 238 224 215 171 166 
 
 198 
 
 ssw 
 
 Meiinn ( 
 
 SEbs USE sbE sbs s sbw sbw ssw ssw swbs swbs swbs sw sw sw wsw wbs w wbs swbw sw swbs s sbs 
 
 
 
 |5.ss (NW 
 
 10 0002222411312 3 8 10 876 524 
 
 74 Obs. N w 
 
 ojjls | ;STV 
 
 3 5 6 9 13 10 11 13 15 15 17 17 16 19 18 17 12 10 10 10 9 9 8 3 
 
 275 s w 
 
 >1>J] S E 
 
 17 17 16 13 9986 4 222100001235 69 12 
 
 144 SB 
 
 [111 I* E 
 
 100000000011111111222 233 
 
 23 N E 
 
 
 lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. Ib. lb. lb. lb! lb. lb. lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 j 
 
 
 
 *" as 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 0-50 O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'lO 0-00 0-00 
 
 0'03 
 
 IS 
 
 4 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo .00 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -is -17 -oo -oo 
 
 01 
 
 <u * 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 00 6 
 
 Clock Stopped 
 
 
 
 io 7 
 oo i 
 
 
 
 rS'S 
 
 ^ 8 
 
 
 
 c c 
 
 S 9 
 
 
 
 O o S 
 
 10 
 
 0'07 -10 -11 '08 '03 '07 '10 
 
 
 0.0 g 
 
 * * S 
 
 S I' 1 
 
 010 -08 -02 '00 -02 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -05 '08 '07 '00 '00 '00 '00 
 
 02 
 
 2 oo 8 
 
 7 i 2 
 
 10 -12 -03 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '05 '15 -20 '22 '18 '15 '12 '00 '05 
 
 06 
 
 J3 
 
 P 13 
 
 10 -02 -00 '52 -00 -00 '00 -02 '05 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 "00 '02 '12 -14 -16 '17 '13 '07 '12 '10 
 
 07 
 
 ^ 00 Cl 
 CC ro .M 
 
 fc 14 
 
 10 -07 -02 -06 -00 '08 '04 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '03 '08 '10 '13 '14 '16 '03 '02 '08 
 
 05 
 
 s!S 
 
 fe 15 
 
 30 -35 -25 -18 -10 '00 '08 '10 '12 -14 '13 -03 -00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '03 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 
 
 08 
 
 '3 0.5 
 
 16 
 
 00 -00 -00 -02 -03 -07 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -15 "14 '10 '08 '12 '03 '05 
 
 03 
 
 "* 0*0 
 
 S 17 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -85 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '15 '14 '14 '16 '18 '03 
 
 07 
 
 'p w d 
 
 18 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -55 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -02 "08 '10 '12 -15 '08 '11 '13 '10 '00 
 
 06 
 
 a M ' 
 
 19 
 
 00 -00 -02 -08 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 Board Stopped 
 
 
 w cs S 
 n3 o 3 
 
 20 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 Board Stopped -00 "06 -10 '14 '15 '25 "18 '12 "10 
 
 
 B K-~ 
 
 C3 CJ o 
 
 21 
 
 30 -00 -00 '15 -00 t)0 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '04 -02 "09 "18 "30 '24 '65 "12 '25 -10 '08 '00 
 
 11 
 
 
 22 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -07 -05 '02 "08 '07 1'15 1-25 1'35 '60 '35 '20 '22 '10 
 
 23 
 
 fl <!> 
 
 23 
 
 10 '30 -35 '32 -30 "15 '22 '10 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 O'OO O'OO O'OO '35 '30 '30 '28 '24 
 
 14 
 
 
 24 
 
 25 -22 -10 -13 -12 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '02 '25 '00 '22 '42 '35 '32 -00 
 
 10 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 25 
 
 15 -17 -30 -35 -37 -40 '25 '10 '00 '00 "00 '00 '07 '00 '04 -06 '12 '15 -40 '25 '10 '12 '08 '07 
 
 15 
 
 'So>> 
 
 26 
 
 00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 
 
 00 
 
 VI 
 
 27 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 
 
 00 
 
 "a 
 
 28 
 
 08 -10 -06 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -08 '02 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 
 
 01 
 
 2 o 
 
 29 
 
 03 -10 -00 -Oo -00 -00 -OO -OO -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '05 -15 '18 '17 '00 '10 '08 '12 
 
 04 
 
 o 
 
 30 
 
 06 -10 -07 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '05 '10 '06 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 -10 "12 '13 '11 '04 '08 '13 '15 
 
 05 
 
 o 
 
 Means |0'11 -08 '06 '09 '12 '03 '03 '01 '01 '01 '01 '00 '01 '00 "01 '03 '11 '15 -19 '14 '12 '11 '08 '05 1 0'07| 
 
 39 
 
154 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 GottiJigen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 g^ 
 
 as 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.ro. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 
 "11 
 
 53818 
 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 6.41 6,41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.il 20.41 21.11 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.11 
 
 **"' 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 parts p- p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 12 12 12 12 13 17 18 18 18 20 20 21 20 20 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 165 
 
 S by E 
 
 
 2 
 
 12 13 17 19 19 16 15 19 21 24 26 27 29 30 24 19 21 20 22 21 21 21 21 21 
 
 233 
 
 SW by w 
 
 
 3 
 
 16 12 13 13 14 14 15 16 17 20 23 23 24 24 24 22 21 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 
 
 212 
 
 SW bv s 
 
 
 4 
 
 m 
 
 12 12 13 13 13 16 18 17 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 17 21 22 22 22 21 20 20 
 
 183 s 
 
 
 LW [; 
 
 *o o 
 
 24 20 16 16 14 20 18 18 19 26 26 26 26 26 23 23 25 24 24 24 27 26 4 14 
 
 254 
 
 wby s 
 
 
 S 6 
 
 5 10 13 27 20 19 16 20 20 22 21 21 24 24 23 23 24 24 23 23 24 23 23 24 
 
 247 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 tj 
 
 25 25 7 15 15 24 20 22 20 19 22 21 23 24 24 24 23 22 22 22 23 23 23 20 
 
 288 
 
 SW by w 
 
 
 A 8 
 
 19 18 18 14 14 28 28 27 27 24 19 19 18 18 18 18 20 20 20 20 21 20 20 13 
 
 22.5 
 
 S W 
 
 
 5 9 
 
 15 16 16 28 30 13 13 14 14 26 25 26 26 25 25 24 24 24 25 24 24 25 27 15 
 
 246 
 
 w s w 
 
 
 7 10 
 
 12 14 14 19 17 17 20 28 29 29 29 28 19 19 19 24 24 23 23 22 22 B S 
 
 24') 
 
 w s w 
 
 
 o 11 
 
 20 12 12 21 15 16 16 17 17 17 17 19 20 22 23 23 23 23 24 23 23 23 23 24 
 
 222 
 
 s w 
 
 
 fc 12 
 
 27 26 13 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 19 19 21 23 24 24 22 24 21 24 23 21 17 16 
 
 230 
 
 s w 
 
 
 te 13 
 
 17 19 18 18 18 19 22 23 23 24 23 24 24 24 23 23 23 23 22 23 22 21 20 20 
 
 242 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 ^ 14 
 
 13 13 20 18 22 22 23 22 21 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 21 21 20 21 21 20 20 20 
 
 221 
 
 s w 
 
 
 g 15 
 
 21 16 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 16 16 16 16 16 18 20 20 21 21 21 19 18 17 
 
 190 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 g 16 
 
 16 14 13 13 14 14 24 4 4 4 4 4 28 23 25 26 24 26 26 25 27 28 28 28 
 
 282 
 
 w by N 
 
 
 17 
 
 23 23 23 15 15 15 15 15 28 4 4 4 4 9 9 20 24 27 27 24 26 25 27 27 
 
 263 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 o 18 
 
 25 27 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 22 22 22 22 22 21 21 22 23 22 24 23 24 24 25 
 
 269 
 
 J 
 
 w 
 
 
 19 
 
 24 25 24 24 25 25 26 26 26 26 23 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 24 25 23 26 26 25 
 
 271 
 
 w 
 
 
 S 20 
 
 25 26 26 26 26 28 28 28 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 23 23 23 24 25 25 24 6 
 
 275 
 
 w 
 
 
 2 21 
 
 8 10 11 13 13 13 15 18 18 20 21 21 21 20 20 18 21 24 24 25 26 26 25 11 
 
 207 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 H 22 
 
 12 13 14 14 14 15 17 19 22 25 27 25 20 20 20 24 25 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 
 
 245 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 23 
 
 13 13 13 19 20 17 17 22 23 20 21 22 21 21 22 23 24 26 23 23 24 25 28 28 
 
 238 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 S '24 
 
 26 21 21 18 15 14 16 17 17 16 17 19 18 21 22 23 24 24 23 24 24 24 24 22 
 
 230 
 
 s w 
 
 
 3 25 
 
 24 12 12 13 13 13 13 15 15 15 21 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 22 21 19 18 19 
 
 207 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 26 
 
 15 16 16 16 16 17 16 16 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 22 23 20 22 24 14 15 15 
 
 207 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 27 
 
 13 7 12 13 14 14 19 13 13 13 13 17 17 17 17 17 17 19 23 22 21 -20 14 13 
 
 177 
 
 s 
 
 
 28 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 27 28 18 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 21 23 22 22 12 
 
 199 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 29 
 
 12 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 16 16 18 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 29 29 12 11 11 
 
 217 
 
 swby s 
 
 
 30 
 
 28 4 6 9 9 9 13 16 18 18 18 19 20 21 23 23 23 23 23 28 28 31 6 6 
 
 198 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 31 
 
 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11' 13 17 20 21 20 19 20 20 21 21 24 27 28 29 4 4 
 
 184 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 ooooooo oooooo ooooooo oooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 Hourly I 
 
 195 176 171 188 186 197 208 208 213 216 219 247 234 236 232 238 246 253 254 259 263 252 246 201 
 
 \ 299 
 
 
 Means ) 
 
 sbw s sbs sbw sbw sbw ssw ssw swbs sbws swbs wsw swbw swbw swbw swbw wsw wsw wbs wbs wbs wsw wsw ssw 
 
 
 s w 
 
 I'tfinr 
 
 9 5 3 5 4 6 6 5 5 8 5 6 8 8 7 7 10 11 10 14 14 13 10 8 
 
 187 Obs. N w 
 
 ^ | I S W 
 
 7 8 9 10 8 12 15 18 18 17 22 22 21 21 21 22 20 19 20 16 16 14 13 10 
 
 379 s w 
 
 j o ^ ?| S E 
 
 14 16 17 16 19 13 10 77421123211 111349 
 
 15.5 s E 
 
 o'ii.38 INE 
 
 S5 > *" <u (^ 
 
 1 22000011222100000000033 
 
 20 x E 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 012 0-08 0-02 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0-00 
 
 O'Ol 
 
 <5 S 
 
 2 
 
 05 -00 -00 13 15 '50 '00 '30 '00 '50 75 10 15 -08 '00 '00 '00 '03 13 -08 '00 '00 '00 '00 
 
 12 
 
 1 8 
 
 3 
 
 00 -02 -00 '00 -00 -01 -45 1-90 T35 '90 70 -85 -07 '00 '00 -00 '02 '02 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 
 
 26 
 
 cc y 
 
 3 o 
 
 4 
 
 00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 1-00 O'OO O'OO -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 15 12 17 -05 '08 '03 '05 
 
 07 
 
 X ** 
 
 5 
 
 03 -00 -00 -00 -00 1'65 O'OO '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '01 12 10 13 11 -08 -03 '00 '00 
 
 09 
 
 go 
 
 oo 6 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -03 010 -00 13 14 15 13 -08 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 12 17 15 '00 '00 '00 '00 
 
 0.5 
 
 
 Sa 7 
 oo ' 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -07 -03 -06 '07 15 17 16 10 12 '00 
 
 04 
 
 si 
 
 * 8 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -04 12 15 16 '08 "03 -03 '02 
 
 03 
 
 p 
 
 >H 9 
 
 01 '01 '00 1-35 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '02 -00 '02 -00 -00 '00 '01 '02 -06 '07 '08 10 '09 10 '02 
 
 08 
 
 M " ij 
 
 2 O c 
 
 d 10 
 
 02 -02 -02 0-01 -02 '01 -01 72 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 10 -08 12 -03 -03 '02 BoardStopped 
 
 06 
 
 005 
 
 B 11 
 
 01 -00 -00 '80 -20 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -02 15 14 '20 10 13 11 10 10 "00 
 
 09 
 
 c* K S 
 
 1 12 
 
 00 '00 -00 -01 -01 '02 -02 '00 '00 '00 '00 -01 -01 -00 -00 -00 -20 '45 -30 -35 -20 '02 '00 '00 
 
 07 
 
 g II 
 
 13 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -01 -01 -00 -00 10 -08 -02 -01 12 10 -55 78 1-28 '95 70 '50 '30 '08 
 
 28 
 
 
 S 14 
 
 00 -00 -55 '00 -06 '02 '02 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '08 0'07 12 15 13 '08 '02 
 
 05 
 
 c5 QJ "-* 
 C P- 
 
 S 15 
 
 00 -00 -03 -00 -00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 18 -25 10 -02 '00 "00 
 
 03 
 
 J 6.J 
 
 16 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -oo -oo -02 -01 -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 S g~ 
 
 W 17 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -55 -22 10 13 
 
 05 
 
 ^ J2 a 
 
 g 18 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 15 17 17 15 -08 "20 "22 
 
 05 
 
 all 
 
 19 
 
 08 -09 -00 '00 -00 '07 '20 -00 -00 '00 "00 -00 -00 -00 '01 "02 -08 11 13 14 12 13 10 -08 
 
 06 
 
 K O 0> 
 
 20 
 
 00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -06 -08 10 12 15 10 13 12 -00 
 
 04 
 
 * OT.3 
 
 a 21 
 
 00 -00 -00 -02 -01 '02 12 -22 '08 '00 "07 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 "08 '07 10* '07 '02 -04 -00 
 
 04 
 
 & <1> 
 
 o o - 
 
 o 22 
 
 06 -05 -02 -00 -00 '00 "03 10 12 "00 "00 '00 -00 -00 -00 "03 13 15 16 10 12 15 14 -08 
 
 06 
 
 
 P3 23 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 13 13 -08 12 13 -08 11 -00 
 
 04 
 
 .s| 
 
 O 24 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 -08 12 14 15 12 13 13 15 12 
 
 05 
 
 g 
 
 fe 25 
 
 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -05 .08 12 15 16 14 13 "08 -06 -08 
 
 05 
 
 
 26 
 
 01 -02 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 -00 -00 -00 -02 -08 -05 
 
 01 
 
 &c * 
 
 27 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '02 -08 -00 -00 "00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -04 "07 "04 -00 '03 
 
 01 
 
 " p 
 
 28 
 
 02 -03 -00 '00 -00 '02 '00 -00 -00 "00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 00 
 
 CJ QJ 
 
 29 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 00 
 
 O <-C 
 
 30 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 H 
 
 Means 0'02 -01 '02 "07 '02 -08 -06 11 -05 '05 '06 '04 '01 -01 -01 '03 -06 11 13 13 11 '07 '06 -03 1 0'06 | 
 
MADRAS, 1858 s METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 155 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingcn 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 * S c 
 
 1 
 
 
 Mudras 
 
 h m h m h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m, h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5'.41 6.41 7.41 S.41 il.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 10.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 *" 
 
 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 j 
 
 8 10 11 12 12 12 12 12 16 24 24 23 23 23 23 20 22 22 24 24 23 25 27 31 
 
 217 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 a 
 
 13 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 19 23 24 28 25 26 24 22 23 26 25 24 24 16 12 12 
 
 218 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 3 
 
 1" 12 12 12 12 12 12 14 16 18 25 19 16 15 17 17 19 25 22 22 22 21 17 15 
 
 189 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 4 
 
 14 13 13 13 13 15 ' 20 20 18 19 17 18 18 19 19 23 23 23 23 23 23 22 22 21 
 
 212 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 oj> 5 
 
 17 13 14 14 14 20 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 21 22 23 23 22 23 22 22 17 17 
 
 208 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 do (J 
 
 15 15 7 16 16 17 16 16 29 27 25 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 23 24 24 23 24 21 
 
 231 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 7 
 
 05 21 24 23 23 24 25 27 27 27 24 24 24 25 25 26 26 26 26 29 29 29 
 
 292 
 
 W N W 
 
 
 O 
 
 >7 23 26 26 26 21 21 22 24 24 24 24 24 23 23 23 24 25 24 26 27 28 28 26 
 
 276 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 1-3 9 
 
 28 28 28 28 25 23 17 17 17 17 17 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 25 27 24 26 26 
 
 267 
 
 w 
 
 
 <S 10 
 
 26 28 29 29 29 26 18 18 21 18 18 18 24 25 24 23 24 24 24 24 23 24 24 14 
 
 260 
 
 wby s 
 
 
 ^ 11 
 
 14 14 14 13 15 15 17 16 17 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 24 24 25 24 25 25 23 25 
 
 213 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 "f 12 
 
 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 17 17 17 18 18 19 20 21 21 23 22 20 21 21 25 20 17 
 
 200 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 1 
 Q ** 
 
 13 13 13 12 12 12 13 15 18 18 19 21 23 22 21 21 21 20 22 21 19 16 11 11 
 
 191 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 14 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 15 16 16 17 17 27 22 22 26 26 24 29 29 8 9 10 10 
 
 191 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 15 
 
 10 11 12 12 13 13 13 23 18 15 17 17 17 17 17 21 18 19 20 22 23 26 10 11 
 
 185 
 
 s 
 
 
 "" 16 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 18 17 16 14 22 16 17 17 16 18 16 19 16 20 12 
 
 170 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 H 17 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 15 16 17 17 17 17 17 16 18 21 23 28 29 6 7 8 7 
 
 174 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 18 
 
 9 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 15 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 
 
 145 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 19 
 
 12 12 12 13 13 14 15 16 16 '19 20 20 20 20 20 21 25 29 29 1 8 9 10 10 
 
 180 
 
 s 
 
 
 o 20 
 
 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 16 17 18 19 19 18 18 19 20 21 26 30 10 13 12 12 
 
 165 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 21 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 16 16 16 17 17 18 18 18 18 18 22 24 28 29 10 11 11 12 
 
 185 
 
 sby w 
 
 
 5 22 
 
 12 13 12 12 12 12 13 13 17 17 16 17 17 17 17 20 19 23 26 26 27 10 10 11 
 
 182 
 
 s 
 
 
 O 00 
 
 HH ZO 
 
 11 12 12* 12 13 13 13 14 17 17 18 20 25 28 28 28 28 27 27 27 28 28 8 9 
 
 217 
 
 SWby s 
 
 
 F! 24 
 
 8 10 11 12 12 12 12 13 16 18 18 17 17 17 17 17 13 18 19 19 18 15 8 10 
 
 163 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 W 25 
 
 12 11 12 12 12 12 13 14 18 19 18 18 18 18 18 21 25 28 30 8 7 8 10 11 
 
 145 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 P3 26 
 
 11 11 12 12 13 13 13' 17 17 18 24 27 27 23 23 24 25 25 28 27 28 8 9 9 
 
 208 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 S 27 
 
 12 12 14 14 14 16 16 19 21 21 21 22 22 21 21 27 28 28 28 28 28 10 10 10 
 
 217 
 
 swby s 
 
 
 28 
 
 10 12 13 13 13 13 14 15 18 18 19 19 21 21 21 25 26 28 29 28 28 28 28 28 
 
 229 
 
 s w 
 
 
 29 
 
 26 11 12 12 12 13 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 17 18 18 24 25 24 23 23 26 8 9 
 
 193 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 30 
 
 12 12 28 13 11 8 9 8 9 9 12 12 12 12 12 12 16 17 15 14 15 15 14 15 
 
 146 
 
 SEby s 
 
 
 31 
 
 19 17 18 14 14 16 21 21 25 24 24 24 24 24 24 23 28 28 29 2 10 12 12 11 
 
 232 
 
 SW 1)V W 
 
 
 
 oooooooooo ooooooo ooooooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Hourly ( 
 
 163 158 158 154 163 163 166 179 201 209 218 222 227 228 227 238 250 262 272 280 222 204 177 172 
 
 ^202 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 Means (_ 
 
 SSE SSE SSE SSE SSE SSE sbE s ssw swbs swbs sw sw sw sw swbw wsw wbs w wbN sw ssw 8 sbE 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 fe.tS 1 NW 
 
 524341 0145858667 14 17 20 17 11 11 76 
 
 1720bs.N w 
 
 SallJ 8 '" 
 
 2 3 1 1 1 7 11 14 24 24 22 25 21 23 24 23 15 13 9 9 11 7 6 4 
 
 300 s w 
 
 
 24 26 24 26' 26 23 20 16 3 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 3 7 12 18 20 
 
 263 BE 
 
 ofjS2. N'E 
 
 002100000000000000022101 
 
 9 NE 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. ]b. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 "o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo 0-17 0-15 o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oe 0-04 o-os o-oo o-oo o-oo 
 
 0-02 
 
 CM 
 
 g 
 
 2 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 15 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -07 '08 -04 '00 '00 '00 -00 
 
 02 
 
 
 3 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 10 -02 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 01 
 
 3 O 
 
 4 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -06 -00 -02 '01 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -04 -02 "03 '08 '02 -00 '00 -00 
 
 01 
 
 QJ 
 
 5 
 
 08 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 15 13 12 10 -05 -00 "00 
 
 03 
 
 * 
 
 QO 6 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -08 -20 '22 -50 12 '08 '00 '00 
 
 05 
 
 -M 
 
 S - 
 
 oo 7 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -08 10 13 -03 15 10 '03 
 
 03 
 
 3 
 
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 00 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -10 12 15 10 -09 '05 -00 
 
 03 
 
 '-a a 
 a H 
 
 H Q 
 
 02 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 -25 -30 '45 -80 72 -65 -45 -30 
 
 17 
 
 P a ^ 
 
 g 10 
 
 03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 15 17 -20 14 16 13 '00 
 
 05 
 
 . g 
 
 H- ' 
 
 00 -08 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 01 
 
 (8 *" a 
 
 etj 2? 5 
 
 t> 12 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -03 -03 -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 s g g 
 
 f 13 
 
 01 -02 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -oi -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -03 -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 tn 3 -* 3 
 
 "3 S a 
 
 1 14 
 
 04 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -00 -00 -01 -01 -00 
 
 00 
 
 
 S 15 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -04 -06 -05 -08 -03 '00 '05 
 
 .-01 
 
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 r 16 
 
 10 -08 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -01- -00 
 
 01 
 
 S 
 
 ^ 17 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -05 -03 -02 -oo -oo 
 
 01 
 
 *& CO 
 
 W 18 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 c3 ^_ " '? 
 
 W 19 
 
 13 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -04 10 -00 -00 -00 -05 10 13 '12 -08 14 16 '04 '02 
 
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 rQ O 0} 
 
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 08 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -06 '08 12 '06 -02 -00 '03 -02 -00 
 
 02 
 
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 fe 21 
 
 06 -03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 '06 -00 '02 '04 '05 '08 
 
 02 
 
 Q -U Q) 
 
 O 22 
 
 06 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -03 -04 -00 "03 '02 
 
 01 
 
 ~ *" 
 
 H 23 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -07 '08 -02 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '03 -05 '07 '08 '04 -00 
 
 02 
 
 .- r& 
 
 S 24 
 
 00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 '06 -04 10 -03 -00 -00 
 
 01 
 
 8 
 
 PH or 
 <-\ ^O 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -02 -02 -00 -10 -02 -03 -02 
 
 01 
 
 t- 
 
 26 
 
 10 -08 -02 -03 -00 -00 '00 '08 10 '00 '00 '01 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 10 12 10 '07 '00 '12 -00 
 
 04 
 
 w r> 
 
 27 
 
 08 -09 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 10 -11 12 10 -03 '00 '05 '04 
 
 03 
 
 a 
 
 28 
 
 01 -02 -06 -02 -00 -00 -00 '02 "00 -00 -00 '00 '00 "00 '00 10 12 15 14 -10 15 14 10 '00 
 
 05 
 
 H o 
 
 29 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -01 -00 -00 -00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -04 -10 -12 13 13 "08 '00 '00 
 
 03 
 
 of 
 
 30 
 
 03 '05 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 14 12 '04 14 13 12 12 
 
 04 
 
 ^H 
 
 31 
 
 00. 12 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 15 -08 -03 '05 '02 "00 
 
 02 
 
 EH 
 
 Means 0'03 '02 "01 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '01 '01 '01 "00 '00 '00 '00 '01 '04 '07 '09 10 '08 '07 '04 '02 
 
 0-03| 
 
156 
 
 HABEAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DIRECTION AND FOKCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingcn 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 ,_, 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 aS 
 
 
 
 
 ffl^ 
 
 11 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h in. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m h m 
 
 'c 
 
 *" 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 .<4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 8.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2A1 3.41 
 
 a 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p . p . p. p. p. p. p . p . p. p. p. p . p . p. p . p . p. p 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 11 12 14 13 13 13 13 15 18 18 18 20 20 20 20 22 24 27 28 28 28 25 9 8 
 
 205 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 11 12 13 16 15 15 15 15 18 20 21 25 25 24 23 24 25 27 31 6 9 8 28 
 
 203 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 g 3 
 
 12 13 12 14 24 24 24 24 24 23 21 24 25 25 25 26 27 28 2 11 13 14 15 14 
 
 282 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 oo 4 
 
 13 13 15 14 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 20 20 20 20 22 24 24 28*28 8 10 13 12 
 
 198 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 5 
 
 13 14 15 15 15 16 16 19 26 27 29 3 4 4 24 22 23 24 23 24 24 22 13 24 
 
 206 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 S *" 
 
 8 12 14 14 14 14 14 17 20 21 22 24 25 26 25 25 22 21 23 25 26 26 26 26 
 
 230 
 
 8 W 
 
 
 P 7 
 
 15 16 16 16 12 12 12 13 14 12 10 11 11 11 11 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 
 
 144 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 ^ 8 
 
 23 24 24 23 22 22 23 22 22 22 21 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 24 24 23 23 23 
 
 255 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 g 9 
 
 25 24 23 23 23 22 23 23 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 23 24 24 24 24 24 B. S. 
 
 259 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 S 10 
 
 23 24 22 21 21 21 21 21 22 22 21 21 21 21 21 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 21 20 
 
 238 
 
 s w by w 
 
 
 H 11 
 
 20 20 20 16 20 20 21 21 21 22 21 24 22 21 20 20 20 21 20 20 18 19 20 19 
 
 228 
 
 s w 
 
 
 P 12 
 
 14 13 13 18 18 26 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 23 22 21 21 21 21 22 22 20 21 19 
 
 226 
 
 s w 
 
 
 P 13 
 
 19 21 23 23 23 23 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 27 29 
 
 259 
 
 wby s 
 
 
 g 14 
 
 28 28 16 16 20 19 21 21 21 23 23 22 22 23 23 23 22 23 24 23 25 26 26 26 
 
 255 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 15 
 
 18 18 22 23 23 23 23 23 22 21 22 22 23 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 22 21 22 22 
 
 247 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 & 16 
 
 12 12 10 10 12 13 13 16 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 22 24 26 27 25 27 7 
 
 230 
 
 s w 
 
 
 H 17 
 
 13 13 14 15 16 16 17 21 21 22 24 24 27 22 22 22 23 23 24 26 25 27 26 25 
 
 238 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 M 18 
 
 24 22 21 27 16 16 17 20 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 23 24 24 27 24 24 24 24 
 
 247 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 ^ 19 
 
 18 13 13 13 16 19 17 17 17 17 18 23 23 22 22 23 24 24 24 24 24 25 25 26 
 
 228 
 
 s w 
 
 
 fc 20 
 
 27 25 17 17 16 16 16 16 16 17 24 24 25 25 24 24 26 26 26 28 27 25 27 26 
 
 253 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 21 
 
 18 30 2 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 7 7 8 10 14 12 15 14 14 14 14 15 13 13 
 
 103 
 
 Eby s 
 
 
 22 
 
 11 12 13 13 14 14 14 16 16 17 19 20 19 19 20 20 25 27 27 28 28 28 5 11 
 
 204 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 23 
 
 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 15 16 17 18 20 20 20 20 21 27 30 30 30 29 27 '7 9 
 
 209 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 H 24 
 
 9 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 15 15 15 17 17 17 17 19 22 26 28 26 25 8 8 9 
 
 176 
 
 s 
 
 
 S 25 
 
 11 11 11 13 13 13 13 13 13 17 17 17 17 16 17 17 19 22 25 25 28 8 8 10 
 
 175 
 
 s 
 
 
 26 
 
 11 9 10 11 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 16 16 22 26 27 28 6 7 8 
 
 147 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 27 
 
 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 13 13 13 13 16 19 17 22 8 10 9 9 10 
 
 127 
 
 SE by E 
 
 
 p 28 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 19 19 16 13 14 13 13 14 
 
 147 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 29 
 
 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 14 16 11 8 10 10 10 10 
 
 124 
 
 SE by E 
 
 
 30 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 18 19 18 13 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 148 
 
 BE by s 
 
 
 
 o ooooo oooooooooooooooooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 Hourly ( 
 Means [ 
 
 160 167 165 170 174 178 178 187 199 204 210 221 213 212 220 228 243 252 246 248 234 210 185 193 
 SSE sbE sbE sbE sbE s s sbw ssw BSW swbs sw swbs swbs sw sw wsw wsw wsw wsw swbw swbs s sbw 
 
 j 205 
 
 ssw 
 
 i-~s [NW 
 
 46111 211324665649 13 16 17 17 12 89 
 
 154 Obs.NW 
 
 3 B 3 ij sw 
 
 7 5 9 10 13 12 14 17 17 20 18 16 16 17 17 22 18 15 9 6 4 6 55 
 
 298 sw 
 
 g g * | s E 
 
 19 19 19 18 15 15' 14 11 9 7 7 6 7 7 7 4 3 2 4 7 8 '11 13 14 
 
 246 . SE 
 
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 00111111111211000 0101131 
 
 20 KB 
 
 
 lb. lb. lb. Ib. Ib. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 0-00 O'OO 0-00 O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0'06 0-04 O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'lO 0-12 0-14 0-12 0'08 O'OO O'OO 
 
 0-03 
 
 0) 
 CD g 
 
 2 
 
 00 -00 -00 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -10 -04 "02 '03' '10 '12 -14 -04 -02 -01 -00 -00 
 
 03 
 
 || 
 
 3 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -00 -00 -10 '09 -07 "08 '02 '00 "00 '06 -10 "08 '02 
 
 03 
 
 
 4 
 
 05 -03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -06 '04 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '10 -08 '12 -03 -00 '00 '03 '00 
 
 02 
 
 ST > 
 
 oo 5 
 
 08 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -12 '15 -13 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '08 '13 -12 '08 '00 '03 '00 
 
 04 
 
 <D 
 
 C 
 
 iQ n 
 
 00 O 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 -14 -20 '10 '13 '22 '13 '00 '00 '00 '03 -12 '03 '00 '00 "00 '00 
 
 05 
 
 -f 
 
 rt 7 
 
 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -30 .15 '17 -10 '00 '00 '00 '00 -08 '12 '00 '00 '00 '10 -1-2 -13 -14 
 
 07 
 
 ~ 
 O S 
 
 S 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -02 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -07 '08 "00 "03 -05 '35 '20 '08 '00 '00 
 
 04 
 
 T3 G 
 
 P y 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -13 -10 '08 '12 '25 70 1-25 1-40 175 T25 1-35 1'25 1'35 B. Stpd. 
 
 50 
 
 S & .tS 
 
 SOB 
 
 3 10 
 
 25 -38 -10 -02 -00 "00 "00 '00 "00 -00 -00 "00 '00 "00 '00 O'OO O'OO 0'03 0'15 0'13 0'12 0'14 -12 "08 
 
 06 
 
 O o QJ 
 p--*^ p 
 
 W 11 
 
 08 -06 -03 -00 -00 -00 "00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '08 '00 "00 -00 "00 -02 '04 '10 -03 -00 "07 -04 '02 
 
 02 
 
 
 
 a 12 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -01 -03 -08 -06 -07 '10 -08 -10 "03 -12 -11 "08 -03 -01 
 
 04 
 
 "8 g 
 
 H 13 
 
 00 -00 -00 -14 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 -09 -07 -08 -04 '01 -08 '12 -15 -30 -55 -24 -10 "00 
 
 09 
 
 cc co 
 
 M 14 
 
 08 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -15 -12 -10 '13 -08 "07 '07 '10 -13 "14 -12 -11 '16 -18 -12 
 
 08 
 
 < OJ """ 
 
 g FH ^ 
 
 
 00 -00 -00 .-00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 -12 -08 -06 "07 '13 -17 "22 -24 -22 -18 -12 -10 
 
 08 
 
 *c a ^ 
 
 g 16 
 
 05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -07 '05 -02 -00 
 
 01 
 
 rQ O 
 
 a 17 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -06 -10 -12 '09 -07 -02 
 
 02 
 
 T3 3 * 
 
 18 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 -15 -20 -12 -08 "07 -00 "00 
 
 03 
 
 ail 
 
 H I 9 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -07 -10 -12 -20 '45 70 "50 '25 -22 -15 -12 
 
 12 
 
 OT ^ ^ 
 
 H 20 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -10 -14 -13 -15 -13 "10 -12 -03 
 
 04 
 
 1c m"* 
 
 H 21 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -12 -10 -08 -10 -08 -12 -10 
 
 03 
 
 0-g 
 
 pi, 22 
 
 02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -13 -15 -12 -10 "02 -04 -00 -02 
 
 03 
 
 ^g 
 
 23 
 
 08 -09 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 -00 "00 "00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -07 -10 -24 -22 -18 -17 -00 -08 
 
 05 
 
 .3 rd 
 
 W 24 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -07 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 01 
 
 g 
 
 25 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -10 '07 -08 -00 -04 -02 -03 
 
 02 
 
 _> "^ 
 
 o 26 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -00 
 
 00 
 
 SlCJH 
 
 g 27 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 
 
 00 
 
 " g 
 
 28 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 CD 
 
 29 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -QO -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 fin 
 
 30 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 .a 
 
 Means 1 0'03 '02 '00 -01 -00 '00 -00 '02 '02 -03 '02 -02 '03 -03 -04 '07 '11 '14 -15 '15 '13 '12 '05 '031 0'05] 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 157 
 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 %> 
 
 fi 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m. 
 
 til 
 
 II 
 
 
 Menu Time 
 
 4.11 5.41 0.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 lail 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 I 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p . p . p. p. p. p. p. p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 12 12 12 12 11 11 11 11 
 
 141 
 
 S E by s 
 
 
 2 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 16 12 11 11 11 10 10 
 
 134 
 
 S E 
 
 
 3 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 16 20 20 20 16 12 12 12 12 
 
 136 
 
 8 E 
 
 
 4 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 28 29 8 6 8 6 6 
 
 108 
 
 E 8 E 
 
 
 1 f) 
 
 6 55666666666 6 30 30 30 30 31 1 1 1233 
 
 37 
 
 N E by N 
 
 
 i-i 6 
 
 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 27 28 29 30 28 27 27 29 31 
 
 338 
 
 N N W 
 
 
 OS 7 
 
 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 28 28 28 28 28 27 
 
 331 
 
 N w by N 
 
 
 W 8 
 
 20 19 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 16 15 17 15 15 15 15 15 
 
 207 
 
 ss w 
 
 
 - 9 
 
 , >. 
 
 K, 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 3 3 3 3 3 7 7 7 5 5 5 4 5 5 6 
 
 97 
 
 Eby s 
 
 
 g 10 
 
 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 31 31 31 31 31 
 
 16 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 11 
 
 27 26 26 25 24 22 20 19 17 17 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 19 18 18 20 14 13 13 
 
 213 
 
 s w by s 
 
 
 1 11 
 
 16 17 16 16 - 17 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 18 18 16 16 16 14 14 14 14 14 
 
 178 
 
 1 1 A 
 
 s 
 
 
 i * 
 
 5 5 5 5 5 31 1 1 1 29 29 29 29 29 30 30 30 30 31 30 30 2 2 2 
 
 11U 
 
 353 
 
 E S E 
 
 N by w 
 
 
 a 15 
 
 :: 4 4 4 4 4 4 9 25 29 29 29 29 29 31 30 31 31 30 1 3 3 3 4 
 
 10 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 5= 16 
 
 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 28 28 28 28 28 30- 31 31 31 4 3 3 3 3 2 3 
 
 28 
 
 NNE 
 
 
 ta 17 
 
 28 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 29 29 29 1 1 1' 1 
 
 339 
 
 N N W 
 
 
 W 18 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 30 30 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 30 5 5 4 1 
 
 350 
 
 N by w 
 
 
 EH 19 
 
 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 28 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 4 5 5 5 5 5 
 
 359 
 
 N 
 
 
 fa 20 
 
 4 2 2 26 25 25 26 26 26 26 28 29 29 30 30 29 29 30 31 30 1 2 1 1 
 
 334 
 
 N N W 
 
 
 21 
 
 1 1 1 31 31 31 31 31 26 24 26 31 31 30 29 28 28 28 28 28 28 25 22 22 
 
 322 
 
 N wby N 
 
 
 K 22 
 
 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 29 28 28 28 28 30 31 30 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 
 
 337 
 
 N N W 
 
 
 O 23 
 
 30 30 30 29 28 27 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 29 1 1 
 
 307 
 
 N w by w 
 
 
 H 24 
 
 555 12 17 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 16 17 18 20 20 22 24 31 1 3 3 
 
 150 
 
 s E by s 
 
 
 O 25 
 
 5 5 55 5 5555522 21 22 2 22222234 
 
 32 
 
 N E by N 
 
 
 S 07 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 31 31 31 31 30 24 20 24 25 25 28 4 4 
 
 344 
 
 uby w 
 
 
 ^ 28 
 
 333333333333 3 31 26 26 31 31 331222 
 
 17 
 
 N by E 
 
 NNE 
 
 
 29 
 
 444444444221 111 25 25 29 033345 
 
 21 
 
 NNE 
 
 
 30 
 
 43333333 3333110 31 15665544 
 
 35 
 
 N E by N 
 
 
 31 
 
 5444444444444444 10 99 10 88 10 7 
 
 64 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hourly ( 
 
 59 58 57 56 57 52 63 64 52 41 37 38 33 33 22 18 12 352 14 32 25 40 44 47 
 
 I 40 
 
 
 
 Means j 
 
 XEbE NEbENEbENEbENEbE NEbE ENE ENE NEbE NE .NEbN NEbN NEbN NEbN NNE NNE N NbW NbE NEbN NNE NE NE NE 
 
 5 49 
 
 1 N E 
 i 
 
 
 Is-Ssfsw 
 
 5 5 5 7 7 8 7 7 9 12 13 13 13 16 17 If 17 16 14 12 10 8 5 4 
 
 249 
 
 Obs. N v 
 
 r 
 
 O * g | j sw 
 
 22223-444444454346 7521011 
 
 .78 
 
 s n 
 
 r 
 
 BjlfjSI 
 
 777877786555554343366876 
 
 139 
 
 ,, SI 
 
 
 c'jsj jj 1 NE 
 
 17 17 17 14 14 12 13 12 12 10 9 9 8 6 7 5 4 5 9 11 14 15 18 20 
 
 278 
 
 N I 
 
 
 
 lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. Ib. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 Q 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 0-00 O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-00 
 
 o-oo 
 
 2 o 
 
 
 2 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 .00 
 
 a o 
 
 
 3 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 & 
 
 
 4 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 K ( 
 
 
 5 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 C o 
 
 
 S 6 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 ' -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -04 -22 -14 -10 "10 
 
 03 
 
 o 
 
 
 oo 7 
 i i * 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 '15 -18 -08 -07 '00 
 
 02 
 
 o "3 
 
 
 05 8 
 
 .00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 T3 g 
 
 c 05 ^ 
 
 
 S 9 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -10 -08 -06 -11 -07 -co 
 
 02 
 
 5 o a 
 
 
 n 10 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -13 -00 -00 -17 '14 -10 '00 -00 '25 -00 '00 '00 "00 
 
 03 
 
 Ml 
 
 
 o n 
 
 PI 
 
 10 -08 -07 '15 -03 -00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 "00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '02 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 
 
 02 
 
 JS g 
 
 
 o 12 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo- -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 *O 
 
 r* GO 
 
 
 O 13 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 3 U 
 
 
 1 14 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 -J2 -13 -11 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 02 
 
 1 2 
 
 
 8 15 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -10 -12 -13 -12 '08 -06 '00 '00 
 
 03 
 
 f&i 
 
 
 " -J J 
 
 -1O 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -05 -10 -08 -oo -oo -oo 
 
 01 
 
 t o o 
 
 
 17 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 "d ra oS 
 
 
 H 18 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 ~ ^3 j^ 
 
 
 a 19 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 -ss 
 
 
 EH 20 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 fl 03 "^ 
 
 
 fa 21 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -04 -03 -10 -20 -22 -15 '00 '00 
 
 03 
 
 a"o +3 
 
 
 22 
 
 08 -15 -12 -11 -15 14 -10 -11 -12 -00 '00 -00 '00 "00 '00 -00 '15 '14 '12 -12 '15 '00 '00 "00 
 
 07 
 
 a 1 
 
 
 W 23 
 
 03 -08 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 -fB 
 
 
 24 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -03 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 8 
 
 
 g 25 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 
 
 fa 26 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 M " 
 
 
 27 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 "a "^ 
 
 
 28 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 h (D 
 
 
 29 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -03 -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 H 
 
 
 31 
 
 .00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 .00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00. -00 '00 -00 -00 .00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 H 
 
 
 Means | 
 
 0-01 -01 '01 -01 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 - '00 -00 -00 '00 -01 '01 -02 -02 '02 "03 '03 '02 '01 '00 
 
 0-011 
 
 
 
 40 
 
158 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Giittingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 -21 22 23 
 
 IK 
 
 e o 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. li.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. li.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m h m. 
 
 111 
 
 11 
 
 ?, <u 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 10.-11 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.11 
 
 gs* 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 4057688888888888 5 886 ti 665 
 
 75 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 2 
 
 5556555555 55551 31 31 5444433 
 
 45 
 
 j 
 
 N E 
 
 
 oo 3 
 
 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 30 30 30 1 1 30 30 1 
 
 16 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 oo 4 
 
 31 1 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 30 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 
 
 348 
 
 i * 
 
 N by w 
 
 
 5 
 
 28305 30 22333333333 13 311 111 
 
 21 
 
 j 
 N -V E 
 
 
 H 6 
 
 555555555555555555568887 
 
 62 
 
 >; N E 
 
 
 M 7 
 
 987788999 13 28 4 23 23 23 23 23 9887776 
 
 119 
 
 s E by E 
 
 
 S 8 
 
 977777788888888885555555 
 
 78 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 W Q 
 
 L *? 
 
 4444444444 4444 442 2 22 1 1 11 
 
 36 
 
 N E by N 
 
 
 10 
 
 2 2 2 1 1 2 3 3 3 7 5 9 5 5 3 13 17 18 31 
 
 32 
 
 N E by N 
 
 
 2 n 
 
 222222114321111111 100100 
 
 15 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 I 12 
 
 31 31 31 31 31 31 29 29 29 28 30 30 29 30 30 30 30 
 
 344 
 
 N by w 
 
 
 P 13 
 
 0000000221 1100000 31 31 3 033 3 
 
 8 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 fc 14 
 
 00013343334333466777444 29 
 
 37 
 
 N E by N 
 
 
 S 15 
 
 25 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 27 27 25 24 23 23 23 30 27 
 
 277 
 
 Vf by N 
 
 
 16 
 
 28 27 26 28 28 28 28 2 2 28 23 26 26 26 28 28 26 26 26 26 26 26 28 28 
 
 308 
 
 x w by \v 
 
 
 S !7 
 
 4 2 2 30 31 31 31 31 1 1 27 31 31 1 333222 
 
 6 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 S 18 
 
 111000111111332213211131 
 
 15 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 19 
 
 244422222210222223322212 
 
 24 
 
 N N E 
 
 
 o 20 
 
 344444444444444444334334 
 
 43 
 
 X E 
 
 
 21 
 
 444555555551 1 1 1 11 13 12 10 88 11 9 
 
 60 
 
 x E by E 
 
 
 3 22 
 
 8888888 788 6 7 7 7 7 23 31 23 23 23 23 1) 8 8 
 
 133 
 
 J 
 
 S E 
 
 
 2 23 
 
 999999878888888 10 99 998877 
 
 94 
 
 E 
 
 
 25 
 
 5333355555 555550 30 3] 025987 
 
 64 
 45 
 
 E N E 
 
 N E 
 
 
 S 26 
 
 9999998888 8888 31 31 31 4 334444 
 
 66 
 
 E N E 
 
 
 P 27 
 
 444444444444444433 322001 
 
 37 
 
 N E by N 
 
 
 28 
 
 31 29 29 28 28 28 28 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 
 
 340 
 
 N N W 
 
 
 29 
 
 2 5 1 1 1 1 11 1 31 31 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 2 2 2 2 
 
 3 
 
 N 
 
 
 30 
 
 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 25 25 25 26 26 25 26 26 25 25 25 27 27 27 28 29 29 
 
 303 
 
 N w by w 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 28 29 27 32 28 32 30 34 35 33' 25 25 23 21 12 7 7 25 13 17 17 26 31 24 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 Hourly i 
 Means ) 
 
 NNE NEbN NNE NEbN NNE NEbN NEbN NEbN NEbN NEbN NNE NNE NNE NNE NbE NbE NbE NNE NbE NNE NNE NNE NEbN NNE 
 
 ' 
 
 NNE 
 
 
 S- S 2 firw 
 
 S3334344678788111113987 6656 
 
 155 Obs.NW 
 
 ^g 1 s W 
 
 000000000000000212222100 
 
 12 sir 
 
 gg'gS- |S E 
 
 543345546644543334433552 
 
 97 s E 
 
 
 20 23 24 24 22 22 21 22 18 17 18 19 17 18 16 14 13 15 16 18 19 18 20 22 
 
 456 N E 
 
 
 Ib. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo 0-00 o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo 
 
 O'OO 
 
 *** o 
 
 23 
 
 2 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 H 
 
 cS 
 
 3 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -09 -07 '06 -04 '08 -05 
 
 02 
 
 9 P 
 
 cr s 
 
 eg 4 
 
 10 '08 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 01 
 
 
 "" K 
 CO O 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 0) O 
 
 C 
 
 6 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 00 
 
 .2 
 
 g ? 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 0^ 
 
 H 
 
 no o 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -06 -04 -02 -03 
 
 01 
 
 H 6 
 
 a 9 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -04 -06 -05 -04 -08 -09 -10 
 
 02 
 
 O oi 
 
 Baa 
 
 H 10 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 Ml 
 
 r* 11 i -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 -20 -12 -08 
 
 02 
 
 .2 = 
 
 2 12 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 *S -5 
 
 | 13 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 -.00 
 
 M P W 
 
 >a H a 
 
 P 14 
 
 3o -25 '45 '65 T25 '80 M5 1'35 1-25 I'OO 1-20 "80 '85 -95 '50 '20 '65 -30 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 
 
 58 
 
 C3 GO 1*4 
 
 o 
 
 fc 15 
 
 Oo -00 -00 -00 0-00 -00 0-00 0-00 O'OO 0-00 O'OO '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 00 
 
 '3 P-"^ 
 
 g 16 
 
 00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -02 -00 -00 
 
 00 
 
 T3 0"" 
 
 17 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 r-J , 
 
 H 18 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -55 -52 '30 '55 '58 '00 '00 
 
 10 
 
 SJ'-g 
 
 19 
 
 00 "25 '35 75 '65 MO '65 '68 75 72 "60 '20 '35 1'65 '80 175 1'65 1-25 M5 '45 1-90 1'80 1'65 3-10 
 
 1-01 
 
 .38! 
 
 20 
 
 3-25 2-25 1-70 1'60 2'60 4'50 1'55 1'40 I'lO 1-35 I'OO 1'35 T20 '65 1'85 -90 2'00 '00 2'25 1'35 "55 3-25 3'85 1-95 
 
 1-98 
 
 e 
 
 % 21 
 
 1-55 1-25 -35 0-65 0-90 0'55 O'lO 0'35 0'12 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 
 
 0-24 
 
 9 _g d> 
 
 22 
 
 O'OO O'OO O'OO '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 
 
 00 
 
 & I3 " 
 
 S 23 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -GO -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 .Sr^ 
 
 05 24 
 
 00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 
 
 00 
 
 go 
 
 25 
 
 00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 .~ ' 
 
 E-H 26 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 M g> 
 
 27 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -02 -05 -08 '15 -12 '14 -08 
 
 03 
 
 ~ "c 
 
 28 
 
 00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00' '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -no -00 '00 
 
 00 
 
 
 30 
 
 00 -00 -00 -01 ''04 -00 -00 '05 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -03 '05 "08 '15 '16 '12 '10 -12 '10 
 
 04 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 e 
 
 Means |0'17 "14 -13 '12 -18 "23 -12 -13 '11 -10 '09 '08 "08 -14 -11 -13 '15 -11 '14 -08 -15 -21 '20 -18 1 0'13| 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 159 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 * ^ 
 
 <:,* 
 
 g| 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 hm hm h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 
 AN 
 
 til 
 
 11 
 
 S 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.11 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 is s 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 30 29 29 29 29 1 1 31 31 31 31 31 27 27 28 29 30 31 2 
 
 344 
 
 Nby v 
 
 
 2 
 
 9 1 1 1 1282828282828282828 030 
 
 345 
 
 Nby w 
 
 
 3 
 
 0000000000000111 11100100 
 
 3 
 
 N 
 
 
 oo 4 
 
 2111111 11111111110222222 
 
 14 
 
 x by E 
 
 
 5 
 
 444444444444444444334333 
 
 43 
 
 NE 
 
 
 6 
 
 1 1 1 1 29 29 29 28 28 29 29 30 31 31 30 
 
 348 
 
 Nby w 
 
 
 7 
 
 1 211 1 1 31 31 30 30 31 31 31 31 1 1 
 
 
 
 N 
 
 
 8 1122 2 23333333332 30 2222122 
 
 23 
 
 N NE 
 
 
 29 illllll 31 0001102201 31 10000 
 
 6 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 10 1 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 30 31 31 
 
 348 
 
 N by w 
 
 
 H 
 
 28 28 28 27 28 26 26 29 29 28 28 28 
 
 336 
 
 NNW 
 
 
 Q 12 
 
 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 31 1 
 
 351 
 
 N by w 
 
 
 1 13 
 
 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 31 31 00 31 31 31 31 31 30 30 
 
 348 
 
 Nby w 
 
 
 P 14 
 S 15 
 
 000000001111100022221111 
 
 8 
 
 N 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 g 16 
 
 28 28 28 28 30 31 31 31 31 31 31 
 
 349 
 
 N by w 
 
 
 . 17 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 29 28 28 28 28 29 30 31 31 
 
 355 
 
 N 
 
 
 M 18 
 
 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 29 26 27 28 29 30 31 31 31 31 
 
 341 
 
 NNW 
 
 
 H 19 
 
 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 
 
 355 
 
 N 
 
 
 a, 20 
 
 1111 1 11 111111111 00 31 00000 
 
 7 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 21 
 
 111111111111111110233333 
 
 16 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 H, 22 
 
 222222223333333334444444 
 
 33 
 
 NEby u 
 
 
 23 
 
 4444444444444444 43333441 
 
 42 
 
 NE 
 
 
 a 24 
 
 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 27 30 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 
 
 347 
 
 Nby w 
 
 
 25 
 
 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 30 30 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 30 
 
 348 
 
 Nby w 
 
 
 H 26 
 
 3333333 3333333323444^4444 
 
 37 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 3 27 
 
 0000000 000000000 000 31 31 30 30 31 
 
 357 
 
 N , 
 
 
 Q 28 
 
 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 00000000 31 31 
 
 355 
 
 N 
 
 
 29 
 
 31 31 31 31 31 31 30 30 31 
 
 355 
 
 N 
 
 
 30 
 
 0000000 00000 31 31 31 28 29 0000000 
 
 355 
 
 N 
 
 
 31 
 
 
 21 
 
 NNE 
 
 
 
 oooooooooo ooooooo ooooooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Hourly C 
 
 7 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 3 359 358 351 351 358 359 2.4 3 4 3 
 
 * 2 
 
 N 
 
 
 Means ^ 
 
 NbE NNN. \NNNNN N N N N N NbW Nbw N N N N N N N 
 
 > 
 
 
 
 |5.S|Uw 
 
 6 6 66 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 7 10 14 15 16 17 13 15 13 12 11 12 13 
 
 240 Obs. N w 
 
 : ^'g 3 law 
 
 ) ,* (3 3 ! O " 
 
 0000000000000000000000-00 
 
 s w 
 
 r -e&-i <. p 
 
 ? o * r- 9 a 
 
 000000000000000000000000 
 
 SE 
 
 - -^ *Q 
 
 (III NK 
 
 25 25 25 25 25 25 24 24 24 24 23 24 21 17 16 15 14 18 16 18 19 20 19 18 
 
 504 NE 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 0-00 0-00 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0-00 O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0-00 0-03 0-04 0-05 0-08 0-09 0'07 0-00 
 
 o-os 
 
 1l 
 
 2 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo - -02 -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oc 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oc 
 
 II 
 
 4 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oc 
 
 |i 
 
 2? 5 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oc 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 2 6 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo" -oo -01 -03 -02 -oo -oo 
 
 oc 
 
 
 
 n- 7 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 - -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 -12 -15 -17 -16 
 
 oa 
 
 S: 3 
 
 Pn Q 
 M o 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -03 -oo 
 
 oo H s 
 
 H 9 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 -12 -15 -00 -00 
 
 02 
 
 o- 
 
 a 10 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oc 
 
 111 
 
 11 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo : oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oc 
 
 *" 
 
 H 12 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -10 -12 -08 -00 -00 
 
 OS 
 
 111 
 
 n 13 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo- -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 1 -oc 
 
 m S ** 
 13 5 e 
 
 1 14 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo .-oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -ool -oc 
 
 W DO R 
 
 S " 
 
 8 15 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -12 -08 -02 -oo -oo 
 
 01 
 
 r! B 41 
 
 P-,a 
 
 5 16 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oc 
 
 ; 
 
 ^ 17 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oc 
 
 5*2 
 
 18 
 
 oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oc 
 
 Sj-J 
 
 a 19 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oc 
 
 ^ fe 
 
 EH 20 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oc 
 
 1 W.S 
 
 fa 21 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oc 
 
 > ls 
 
 22 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oc 
 
 ) & 5 
 
 jV 
 
 a 23 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oc 
 
 , -S-S 
 
 24 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oc 
 
 > 8 
 
 25 
 
 13 '05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 "00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -15 "27 "35 -40 -25 "17 '30 -27 
 
 1C 
 
 > .at 
 
 g 26 
 
 30 -08 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 "00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 OS 
 
 ; If 
 
 27 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 CM 
 
 
 28 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 o< 
 
 ) 'i 
 
 29 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 0( 
 
 ) <s 
 
 30 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 0( 
 
 > S ' 
 
 31 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo --GO -oc 
 
 01 
 
 ) 
 
 Means J O'Ol '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 "00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 "01 "02 '03 '03 '02 '02 -01) 0'01| 
 
160 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 
 DEPTH OF 
 
 RAIN AND EVAPORATION IN INCHES 
 
 JANUARY 
 
 FEBRUARY 
 
 MARCH 
 
 APRIL 
 
 MAY 
 
 JUNE 
 
 JULY 
 
 AUGUST 
 
 SEPTEMBER 
 
 OCTOBER 
 
 NOVEMBER 
 
 DECEMBER 
 
 Night 
 
 Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night 
 
 Day 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 00 8 
 
 >o 9 
 
 3 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 * 13 
 fc 14 
 3 16 
 
 M 16 
 
 O 18 
 J 19 
 3 20 
 <J 21 
 fe 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 0-620 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 0'018 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0-014 
 206 0-378 
 405 -190 
 005 "013 
 004 
 
 0-320 
 
 o-c 
 
 ( 
 f 
 
 (52 
 
 Nt5 
 ilO 
 10 
 
 880 
 
 O'OIO 
 090 
 
 0-160 1-319 
 0-004 
 152 -046 
 072 '030 
 
 0-121 
 0-030 4-167 
 1-005 0-026 
 
 008 0-580 
 460 
 
 1-440 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 142 -637 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "040 
 
 
 
 1-205 1-371 
 
 0-220 -618 
 190 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 040 
 
 -OOQ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 -m 7K 
 
 044 
 
 003 
 
 008 
 770 
 
 HI ", 
 
 0-007 1-441 
 040 0-194 
 300 
 
 'Ill 
 
 2-235 
 930 4-655 
 1'545 0-995 
 1-170 -063 
 0700 "083 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 120 -115 
 014 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 180 -000 
 '685 "107 
 
 0-937 
 ogo 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 027 
 
 
 
 
 105 
 
 110 '944 
 007 '464 
 
 '029 
 
 280 1-982 
 920 0-112 
 430 -101) 
 '030 
 150 
 033 '005 
 094 '010 
 1-107 -394 
 0-207 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 '010 
 
 
 
 0-020 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "052 "054 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 070 
 006 
 010 
 
 212 
 '570 
 
 390 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 068 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0-162 0-117 
 
 QOA .(Vll 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 230 '029 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 '19 
 
 
 
 060 
 
 030 -005 
 
 
 
 100 -050 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 047 
 
 Snms ... 
 
 
 
 0-020 
 
 
 
 0-482 0-350 
 
 1-641 1-393 
 
 1-249 0-384 
 
 2733 0-350 
 
 2-094 O'OIS 
 
 1-397 2-210 
 
 3-073 8-998 
 
 9'982 12-137 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 
 oo in 
 U 
 
 g 12 
 fc IS 
 
 S5 14 
 O 15 
 
 18 
 19 
 
 5? 20 
 
 21 
 B 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 SI 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-020 0-189 
 010 '223 
 003 -213 
 005 -243 
 021 -241 
 021 '273 
 016 '249 
 014 '252 
 014 '230 
 015 '216 
 017 '242 
 009 '213 
 023 '243 
 017 '227 
 005 '248 
 006 '246 
 003 -230 
 010 -223 
 008 -240 
 004 -253 
 015 -263 
 009 "230 
 013 -246 
 007 -264 
 009 -273 
 Oil -260 
 006 '273 
 010 -238 
 006 -273 
 008 -301 
 016 -272 
 
 In. In. 
 
 O'OIO 0-250 
 012 -301 
 006 -283 
 005 -297 
 006 -300 
 010 -325 
 012 -303 
 016 -268 
 015 -260 
 012 '298 
 021 -273 
 013 "298 
 Oil -250 
 012 -287 
 019 -323 
 022 -281 
 023 -310 
 017 -303 
 019 -321 
 020 '310 
 015 '290 
 018 '304 
 013 '293 
 Oil "331 
 017 -303 
 010 -304 
 015 -321 
 021 -311 
 
 In. In.' 
 
 O'OIS 0-378 
 013 '380 
 020 '311 
 019 '340 
 024 "347 
 020 '320 
 029 -373 
 020 -313 
 029 -311 
 017 -343 
 031 -357 
 030 -344 
 020 '329 
 020 -340 
 
 oio -373 
 
 013 -318 
 015 -317 
 020 "344 
 024 "326 
 020 -313 
 Oil '373 
 018 '363 
 023 -338 
 015 '333 
 017 -322 
 010 -335 
 012 -340 
 013 -331 
 020 '330 
 022 '355 
 020 -350 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-014 0-305 
 015 '323 
 022 "347 
 015 -316 
 020 "325 
 024 '351 
 017 -331 
 020 '360 
 015 '389 
 029 -413 
 018 '380 
 025 '369 
 020 '313 
 021 '371 
 020 '334 
 013 '329 
 014 '350 
 015 -352 
 013 -375 
 021 -360 
 016 '415 
 017 "377 
 013 "392 
 015 -415 
 019 '395 
 020 '358 
 017 '391 
 015 -022 
 007 -170 
 010 '266 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-020 0-285 
 012 '283 
 007 -021 
 cov. cov. 
 004 -200 
 006 "250 
 020 '317 
 015 -300 
 007 '136 
 022 -297 
 027 '298 
 020 -234 
 019 '314 
 016 -330 
 026 -445 
 064 -440 
 cov. "195 
 cov. '175 
 054 '274 
 047 -433 
 046 '362 
 050 '426 
 047 -514 
 052 -495 
 054 '488 
 055 '398 
 038 '411 
 047 '433 
 037 '445 
 042 -473 
 055 -519 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-060 0-445 
 062 -349 
 030 -391 
 057 '418 
 057 -509 
 048 '500 
 037 '492 
 057 '428 
 068 -415 
 053 "417 
 042 -431 
 047 '455 
 071 '395 
 043 -405 
 "085 '368 
 070 -290 
 cov. -265 
 010 -310 
 021 -311 
 053 -395 
 051 '330 
 053 -333 
 033 '378 
 057 -474 
 070 '535 
 031 "347 
 047 '265 
 037 -370 
 040 '395 
 050 "295 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-037 0-340 
 045 -245 
 063 -112 
 cov. "263 
 cov. -236 
 030 '192 
 042 -192 
 042 -311 
 087 '347 
 036 "245 
 029 -265 
 061 -215 
 070 '280 
 cov. "205 
 cov. '210 
 022 '128 
 027 -265 
 050 -330 
 052 '260 
 042 '373 
 048 '357 
 053 "315 
 
 017 -278 
 
 032 -420 
 038 '348 
 053 -386 
 cov. -308 
 cov. -210 
 015 '162 
 037 '035 
 cov. '095 
 
 In. In. 
 
 O'OIO 0-235 
 037 -235 
 007 "175 
 027 '145 
 034 -190 
 037 "155 
 cov. '190 
 015 -235 
 023 -400 
 042 '346 
 012 -215 
 037 -245 
 021 '175 
 032 -302 
 038 -305 
 010 '385 
 037 '225 
 023 '297 
 037 '325 
 039 -270 
 037 "303 
 040 -295 
 048 -265 
 040 '335 
 047 '365 
 035 -305 
 047 -331 
 048 '363 
 040 '323 
 037 '335 
 027 '347 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-040 0-348 
 '050 -341 
 045 -289 
 034 -275 
 007' -166 
 015 -105 
 cov. -042 
 015 -116 
 045 -342 
 029 -350 
 049 -260 
 018 -129 
 032 -242 
 051 -232 
 037 -386 
 013 -235 
 007 '302 
 016 -321 
 040 -315 
 042 -430 
 043 -386 
 043 -366 
 037 '392 
 040 -379 
 026 -340 
 025 '303 
 023 '317 
 027 -312 
 028 -333 
 034 -389 
 
 Iii. In. 
 
 0-027 0-328 
 021 -195 
 028 -315 
 030 '316 
 030 -062 
 008 cov. 
 cov. -052 
 037 -261 
 cov. cov. 
 cov. '046 
 cov. '240 
 018 '242 
 014 cov. 
 009 '057 
 cov. -194 
 012 '113 
 Oil '052 
 010 -181 
 010 -189 
 006 -181 
 019 cov. 
 007 -065 
 009 -193 
 "013 -166 
 015 -149 
 010 '229 
 007 '252 
 005 '214 
 008 -219 
 005 -231 
 004 -200 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-006 0-231 
 012 -170 
 016 -201 
 009 cov. 
 cov. '201 
 009 '217 
 
 on -217 
 
 020 -201 
 007 '258 
 Oil -088 
 cov. -190 
 013 -235 
 020 cov. 
 cov. cov. 
 cov. cov. 
 cov. -074 
 cov. "101 
 cov. '050 
 017 cov. 
 cov. cov. 
 cov. "055 
 023 '075 
 013 '140 
 019 -065 
 013 -110 
 cov. cov. 
 cov. '230 
 020 -151 
 013 '096 
 031 -139 
 
 In. [n. 
 
 0-012 0-175 
 017 -195 
 004 '180 
 005 -201 
 010 -212 
 014 -219 
 013 '189 
 021 '195 
 027 -227 
 017 -212 
 013 -175 
 019 -168 
 007 "226 
 018 '114 
 013 '203 
 018 '195 
 
 oio -175 
 
 "018 -190 
 013 '208 
 007 '194 
 008 -173 
 018 '226 
 009 '312 
 018 '245 
 022. -233 
 026 '227 
 012 '3(51 
 025 '257 
 013 '240 
 020 -221 
 010 '315 
 
 Means ... 
 
 O'Oll "245 
 
 014 '296 
 
 019 -340 
 
 017 '340 
 
 032 '340 
 
 050 '390 
 
 041 "256 
 
 032 -278 
 
 031 -291 
 
 014 -183 
 
 015 "152 '014 
 
 215 
 
 TOTAL 
 RAIN IN EACH MONTH 
 
 I 
 
 B 
 
 h- 
 
 : 1 :illi!&3 : 
 
 
 
 x_ p 
 
 e 
 
 4 
 
 H 
 
 5 
 
 ) 
 
 * 
 3 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 1 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 = slglg-~23li 
 
 
 
 b 
 
 5? 
 
 p 
 
 a 
 
 : :!! : 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 P 
 
 diiii3 
 
 
 8 
 
 M o o 
 
 i 
 
 g 
 
 hH 
 
 :51iiii! : 
 
 3 6 
 
 P P \i 
 
 * %; 
 
 ft 
 
 asssslliilssll 
 
 
 M o b 
 
 1 
 
 Hi III! Ill II 
 
 i * ^ 
 
 H 
 
 ft 
 
 g 
 
 1 
 
 liiiufjjjii 
 
 cov. Covered the evaporator. 
 
162 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY 1858 
 
 Date 
 
 jottingen Mean Time 
 \0\ 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 3 
 
 Cloudy ky in Sths 
 
 4 
 
 CloudyskyinStlih 
 
 
 
 Cloudy sky in Sths 
 
 8 
 
 i 
 
 
 >, 
 2 
 >> 
 
 1 
 
 _O 
 
 O 
 
 10 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 3O 
 31 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cu,cn-st,cr-hz,nini. 
 
 8C-CU 
 
 cu-hor 
 sc-eu 
 cu, cr-hz 
 u, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 i 
 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 ovt ... 
 nv-clear 
 
 8 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 clear, D 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz, D... ... 
 
 ny-clear, D ... 
 cu, hz, D 
 
 a 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 "7 
 6 
 > 
 
 I 
 4 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 cu, hz 
 en, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 cr-hz, cr-st, cr 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 3 
 2 
 8 
 3 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 cr-hz, cr-st, cr 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 8 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 fl-cu, hz 
 fl-cu 
 ny-ovt 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 7 
 3 
 
 en, hz, D 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 (i 
 
 7 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 a 
 
 ny-clear, D 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 clear 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 en, cr 
 ny-clear ... ..; 
 cu, hz 
 cu-st, hz ... ... 
 ny-clear 
 
 6 
 1 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 
 7 
 
 i 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear, D 
 
 7 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, D 
 
 fl-cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 fl-cu, hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 cu, hz, D ... .... 
 clear, D ... ... 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 (.1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 sc-cu 
 cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu-hor 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 cr, cr-hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear, D 
 ny-clear 
 clear, D 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear, D 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 clear, D 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear, D 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear, D 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear, D 
 cu, cn-st 
 clear 
 clear 
 sc-cu 
 ny-clear, D... 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny -clear 
 cu-hor 
 nyclear 
 cr, cr-st, hz... 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 on, cr-st, hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 clear 
 cr-st 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear, D 
 fl-cu, cr-hz... 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 sc-cu 
 
 ') 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY 1858 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 cu-hor 
 ny-clear 
 cu-hor 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear ' 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear, D 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cr, cr-st 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 clear 
 clear, D 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 sc-cu, D 
 ny-clear, D... 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 clear 
 cu-hor 
 clear 
 cu-hor 
 clear, D 
 clear 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 (1 
 
 
 
 fl-cn, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu-hor 
 cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu-hor 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 cu, hz 
 uy-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 fl-cu, hz 
 fl-cu, hz 
 fl-cu, hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 cu-hor 
 cu-hor 
 cu-hor 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 iiy-clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cu, hz 
 
 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu-hor 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 fl-cn, hz 
 ny-clear ... . ... 
 fl-cu, hz ... ... 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 cu, hz 
 clear 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 fl-cu, hz 
 clear 
 H-cu, hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 fl-cu, hz 
 clear 
 fl-cu, hz 
 ny-clear 
 clear, D 
 clear 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 en, hz 
 clear 
 fl-cu, hz 
 clear 
 clear, D 
 clear 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 cu, hz 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 clear 
 clear, D 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 3 
 5 
 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 
 u, cn-st, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 sc-cu 
 ny-olear 
 
 BO-l'Il 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz 
 clear 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz 
 clear 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, cr-cu, hz 
 
 7 
 1 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 1 
 4 
 ? 
 
 clear 
 cu 
 
 sc-cu 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cu, hz 
 fl-cu 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 
 cu, hz 
 fl-cn.. 
 
 en, hz 
 
 2 
 
 ' 9 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 (1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 1 1 
 til 1 
 
 S s 1 
 i E? 
 
 - * 1 I =1 1. 1 i 1 f ' 1 1 1 1 ' 1 a J 
 
 l|l1l||l!ll|||!l!|liill|!l|lilll11|ll!II 
 
 1 ? 8 gP-d'l'Sw.Bfa.ei .a 3 J .3 2 .* S .&' '3 a g 1 S. i tf t ai 2 -i -g 5 5 > > t 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 163 
 
 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY 1858 
 
 I 
 
 13 
 
 00 
 
 1 
 
 >) 
 
 -a 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 _a 
 
 >. 
 ^ 
 
 >. 
 
 T3 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 oE 
 , 
 
 ^ 
 i. 
 
 r3~ 
 | 
 
 3 
 
 18 
 
 I 
 _g 
 
 t*> 
 
 ^ 
 
 to 
 
 - 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 ce 
 _a 
 >> 
 
 ^A 
 CO 
 
 A 
 
 | 
 
 o 
 
 99 
 
 i 
 
 .5 
 >> 
 
 ^ 
 
 to 
 
 >, 
 
 13 
 Z 
 O 
 
 3 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. Min. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 a 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 IO 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 18 
 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 
 o 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 BO 
 
 31 
 
 cu, cr-cu, liz ... 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz .., 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz-hor 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr ... 
 
 6 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr ... 
 
 5 
 
 fl-cu ,cu-st, cr-hz.nim 
 
 5 
 
 126-6 
 137-3 
 128-3 
 131-0 
 127-0 
 122-5 
 116-5 
 138-5 
 1262 
 127-5 
 124-5 
 128-5 
 125-5 
 124-5 
 131-5 
 134-9 
 131-5 
 128-7 
 132-5 
 134-5 
 123-5 
 127-5 
 125-5 
 130-5 
 120-5 
 124-5 
 130-5 
 123-5 
 133-5 
 126-5 
 131-0 
 
 
 
 79-9 
 80-7 
 81-1 
 78-7 
 79-4 
 79-5 
 79-4 
 80-5 
 79-8 
 81-2 
 81-2 
 79'7 
 80-6 
 81-6 
 80-4 
 78-2 
 78-7 
 78-9 
 79-5 
 79-8 
 83-2 
 81-5 
 81-5 
 80-9 
 81-4 
 81-7 
 81-0 
 80-8 
 80-8 
 83-6 
 81-8 
 
 69-0 
 656 
 66-0 
 64-6 
 70-2 
 69-2 
 68-3 
 70-5 
 66-8 
 75-0 
 72-9 
 67-5 
 68-4 
 68-3 
 67-6 
 66-0 
 64'5 
 63-2 
 65-7 
 64-2 
 66-1 
 67-4 
 66-8 
 66-1 
 66-6 
 68-2 
 63-8 
 06-3 
 64-4 
 73-8 
 67-9 
 
 sc-cu, D 
 cu, ou-st, D ... 
 en, cr-cu, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr 
 cn, cn-st, cr-cu.. 
 ovt 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 ou, cu-st 
 cu 
 cu, cr-cu, hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-cu.. 
 cu, cn-st, cr-cn.. 
 ny-ovt 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 en, cu-st 
 en, ci- 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu 
 
 4 
 2 
 5 
 
 7 
 8 
 5 
 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 7 
 2 
 
 clear ... ,,, 
 fl-cu 
 cu 
 sc-cu 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 
 7 
 3 
 
 ou, cu-st... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cn ... 
 cu, cr-cu ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu ,- 
 
 4 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-cu ... 
 cu, cr-cn 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu ... 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, er-hy... 
 cu, hz ... 
 cu, cr ... 
 cu, D ... 
 
 8 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 ovt ... ... 
 
 ovt 
 cu,cu-8t,cr-hz,ttim 
 
 on, cu-st, cr-cu.. 
 cu, cr-cu 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 on, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, ou st ... 
 cu, ou-st ... 
 
 7 
 7 
 4 
 2 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 en, cr-cn, cr, cr-st 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cn ... 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 7 
 3 
 5 
 2 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-bz 
 fl-cn, cu-st, nim... 
 sc-cu 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 sc-cu 
 
 2 
 6 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 sc-cn 
 ou, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 sc-cu 
 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 cu, cr, D 
 clear ... 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 sc-cu ... ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-cu.. 
 cu, cu-st 
 cr-cu, cn-st ... 
 ny-clear 
 clear ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 
 cu, cr 
 
 cu-hor 
 cu-hor 
 cu, cr-st ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 sc-cn, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 fl-cu 
 ny-clear ... 
 sc-cu 
 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 sc-cu 
 sc-cn, hz ... 
 sc-cu 
 sc-cu 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 
 clear ... ... 
 sc-cn, hz ... 
 sc-cu 
 ny-clear 
 clear ... .., 
 cu-hor 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear, D 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-at 
 ny-clear, D 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear, D 
 
 
 3 
 
 > 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cu 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cu-st. 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr ... 
 
 CU, CU-Bt 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 3 
 2 
 
 clear 
 cu-hor 
 en, cn-st, cr 
 It-er-hz, cr 
 on, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 cu, cu-st, cr 
 cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 3 
 2 
 6 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 
 sc-cn 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu-hor 
 cu-hor 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 I 
 2 
 
 
 sc-cu . . . .., 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 sc-cu 
 en, cr-hz ... 
 cn-hor ... ,. 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr ... 
 
 2 
 
 cu 
 
 1 
 
 clear ... ... 
 
 
 
 en, cn-st ... 
 
 9 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 
 REMARKS. ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY 1858 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 :i 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 
 o 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 2(i 
 
 27 
 28 
 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 cu, cr-hz, D ... 
 ou, cr-hz-hor ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 th-fg 
 sc-cu, D 
 cu,'eu-st 
 
 
 
 8 
 2 
 3 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 d-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 clear 
 
 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 ny-clear ... . s . 
 clear 
 cu-hor 
 sc-cu 
 sc-cu 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 131-5 
 137-3 
 131-7 
 122-5 
 122-4 
 130-2 
 124-4 
 131-3 
 121-5 
 134-3 
 119-9 
 1233 
 12.4-0 
 132-5 
 128-5 
 120-4 
 128-7 
 130-5 
 129-6 
 128-7 
 122-4 
 119-7 
 128-5 
 120-5 
 118-7 
 128-5 
 122-9 
 128-5 
 
 
 
 82-0 
 82-7 
 82-7 
 81-5 
 82-6 
 84-0 
 84-1 
 83-6 
 83-1 
 83-6 
 84-7 
 85-9 
 85-0 
 83-8 
 83-6 
 81-7 
 82-7 
 81-6 
 81-9 
 84-0 
 83-9 
 84-0 
 83-7 
 84-5 
 84-5 
 83-7 
 85-2 
 84-8 
 
 62-7 
 63-4 
 65-3 
 65-9 
 65-2 
 68-0 
 72-3 
 71-0 
 68-1 
 68-1 
 69-1 
 70-4 
 71-1 
 71-3 
 70-4 
 68-2 
 68-2 
 65-3 
 64-3 
 68-2 
 72-7 
 72-3 
 69-2 
 68-2 
 68-4 
 69-8 
 70-8 
 71-0 
 
 clear 
 cu, cr 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 en, cr-hz... 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 
 5 
 1 
 
 sc-cu 
 sc-ou 
 
 clear ... 
 ny-clear 
 cu, D 
 sc-cn ... 
 clear ... 
 clear ... 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cr hz ... 
 cu-hor... 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 is 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 fl.cu 
 en, cr-hz .. 
 
 5 
 1 
 1 
 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cr-hz v .. 
 fl-cu 
 
 5 
 1 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-h? ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 sc-cu 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cn 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 
 fl-cn, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 sc-cu 
 cr-st, cr-hz .,. 
 cu. 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 
 ny-clear ... . . 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 sc-cu, cn-st 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 cu, cn-st 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz ... 
 cu, hz ... 
 cu 
 clear, D 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 -> 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 en, cu-st 
 en, cn-st 
 ou, cu-st 
 en 
 
 o 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 sc-cn, cu-st ,.. 
 ny-clear ... 
 sc-cu 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu cr-hz 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 sc-cn, cn-st 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 3 
 4 
 2 
 
 sc-ca 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 sc-cu, cu-st . ... 
 se-cn, cu-st 
 sc-cu 
 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 sc-cu .. ., 
 sc-cu, cn-st 
 sc-cu 
 
 BC-CU .. ... 
 
 cu.. 
 sc-cu 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 cu-hor... 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 
 cu-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 cu 
 cu, hz ... 
 cu, D 
 cu, hz ... 
 
 3 
 4 
 1 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 "' 'V, i-b} 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu 
 clear 
 uy-clear 
 clear ... 
 
 7 
 3 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz,nim 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 cu, cu-st, cr 
 cu, er-hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 6 
 
 
 2 
 
 v> 
 
 
 
 fl-cn, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 clear 
 en, cn-st ... 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 6 
 
 
 1 
 4 
 2 
 
 
 fl-cn, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 clear 
 sc-cu 
 
 BC-CU 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu... 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz .,. 
 ny-clear ... .,. 
 sc-cu ... ... 
 cu-hor 
 so-cu 
 cu... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 clear ... 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 Cu, cn-st ... 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cn, cn-st 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr 
 
 3 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 3 1 3 
 i. J ! 
 
 > o 
 
 ;|. i in r 1 
 
 l! s ; lillsijii ! tllNlhiutmllii,i?!sHi^i 
 
 3 a . 3-^-tf'OSrf;c'-iB^-5. -x^a^ScaaSoasSSgg^-S^^S'^" 1 
 
 ^j'g ;M:!MM i ' j i M i -M j; ; i; ; Pi 1 i^'j T 1- i I 1 = 
 
 2 i ljtj| 3 P = 1 3 3 J? * si 3 I * 2' J | fc | * 1 P. i * i! rc ^"i^^ : J J'^S 
 
164 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OB' MARCH 1858 
 
 Date 
 
 Gottingen Mean Time 
 NOOK 
 
 Cloudy skv in Sths 
 
 3 
 
 Cloudy sky in Sths 
 
 4 
 
 Cloudy sky in Sths 
 
 
 
 Cloudy sky in Sths 
 
 * 
 
 Cloudy sky in Sths 
 
 10 
 
 Cloudy sky in Sths 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 clear 
 cu, hz-hor ... 
 cu, hz-hor ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu-hor 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 It-cu, cr, hz 
 ny-clear 
 en, hz-hor ... 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 en, hz 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu 
 clear 
 
 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 1 
 
 
 cu 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu-hor ... ... 
 
 1 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 cu 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 O 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear 
 sc-cu 
 cu ... 
 ny-cleai 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 sc-cu 
 sc-cu 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu-hor 
 cu-bor 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 It-cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 en, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 
 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-st 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 sc-cu 
 cu, cr-st ... ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... ... 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear ... ... 
 clear 
 cr-hz, cr, cu 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 cr, cr-hz 
 clear 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 cr, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr.hz... 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cr, er-hz 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 cr, hz 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 cr, cr-st, hz... 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr, hz 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr, hz 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 nv-clear ... ... 
 
 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... ... 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear ... ... . 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF APRIL 1858 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 3O 
 
 cr, hz 
 cr-st, d-cr-hz 
 cr-hz, cr, cr-cu 
 
 1 
 6 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cr-hz, cr, cr-cu 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-hz, cr, cr-cu 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 2 
 6 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz .. 
 ny-clear .. ... 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 6 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 en, cr-hz 
 cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 fl-cr-cu, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 6 
 2 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 It-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 It-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 cr, hz, cr-st 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-hz . ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 ny-clear 
 er, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, b/ 
 clear 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-bz .. 
 
 cr-hz-hor ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 cu, bz 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 5 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 It-cu, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, cu, hz 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 nr -clear 
 It-cu, hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, hz... 
 It-cu, hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz... ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 ny-clear ... ,.. 
 clear ... ... 
 cr, cr-hz. cr-st 
 ny-clear 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 clear 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st 
 ny-clear 
 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-cn, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 d 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 7 
 3 
 8 
 5 
 
 It-cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 7 
 3 
 
 cu, hz 
 en, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-cu, hz, Ig-NW, 
 cu-st-hor ... [SE 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 5 
 6 
 1 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 ny-ovt, lg-SW, SE... 
 ny-clear 
 
 1 
 6 
 5 
 8 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 cr-cn, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cu-Bt, cr-hz, nini, H 
 ovt, Ig-NE, SE ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz, lg-S, SW.. 
 
 
 5 
 6 
 8 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-cr-hz .. 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st 
 ovt, B, lg-S, NE ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 5 
 4 
 8 
 5 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr-bz, cr-st 
 ovt, fr-lg, th 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 EXPLANATION OP SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 ard.... around 
 eld. ...clouds OT cloudy 
 cr or ci. cirri or cirroor cirrous 
 eu cumuli or cumnlo 
 D dew 
 d dense 
 
 I ** 
 
 1 
 
 s ; 1 fc 1 & 1 S.ll^'ioi g -S -si 5 5 : -P fc 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 165 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF MARCH 1858 
 
 a 
 
 13 
 
 00 
 
 t-i 
 
 T3 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 It 
 
 00 
 
 s 
 
 B 
 
 _0 
 O 
 
 1O 
 
 x 
 o 
 
 18 
 
 1 
 
 _B 
 
 1 
 O 
 
 3O 
 
 00 
 
 1" 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 33 
 
 00 
 
 .5 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 BoL 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 i 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 ii 
 7 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 
 14 
 15 
 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 
 O 
 
 21 
 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 O 
 
 31 
 
 cu 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, I)., 
 ny-clear 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 8 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clcnr 
 ci-cu. cr-hz ... 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 
 
 
 4 
 7 
 4 
 2 
 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz-hor 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 
 en, cu-st ... 
 
 
 3 
 6 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 uy-clear ... 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 cu-N-hor... 
 cu, er-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 cu, er-hz ... ... 
 cu-hor ... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 
 128-5 
 124-5 
 110-5 
 124-5 
 119-2 
 1159 
 1195 
 120-5 
 118-5 
 120-5 
 120-5 
 124-5 
 118-7 
 119-5 
 114-5 
 117-3 
 116-2 
 115-4 
 118-4 
 126-0 
 131-0 
 122-0 
 111-3 
 131-5 
 120-0 
 114-0 
 105-9 
 111-2 
 108-4 
 119-1 
 110-7 
 
 
 
 86-9 
 87-0 
 87-3 
 86-9 
 86-0 
 85-5 
 85-9 
 85-6 
 84-3 
 84-8 
 86-1 
 88-9 
 88-4 
 86-6 
 86-4 
 87-6 
 87-8 
 86-6 
 86-7 
 88-2 
 87-9 
 89-0 
 88-8 
 90-0 
 88-5 
 88-4 
 88-4 
 89-5 
 89-5 
 90-5 
 89-8 
 
 72-4 
 73-6 
 74-3 
 73-4 
 70-4 
 70-9 
 71-0 
 71-7 
 70-0 
 (59-1 
 72-1 
 70-3 
 71-1 
 73-1 
 71-1 
 73-8 
 73-1 
 72-1 
 71-5 
 70-9 
 71-0 
 74-5 
 74-2 
 73-1 
 73-3 
 73-6 
 73-5 
 76-6 
 74-9 
 76-0 
 76-6 
 
 clear ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear ... 
 en 
 ny-clear 
 cu-hor ... 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 clear ... 
 sc-cu ... 
 ny-clear 
 en, hz ... 
 cu 
 cu, c-u-st, cr-st... 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 fl-cu-st, cu 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 ny-clcar ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cn-st .. 
 cu, cu-st, cr 
 cr, cr-hz-S-hor ... 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 2 
 
 cu-hor ... ... 2 
 cu, cu-st-hor ... 2 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 sc-cu, cn-st ... 1 
 cu, cu-st, cr ... j 8 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 2 
 
 cu-hor 
 cu-hor 
 clear 
 en, hz 
 cu-hor 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear, D 
 cu, cr-hz 
 Cu, cr-hz 
 cu-hor ... 
 cu-hor ... 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 cu-hor ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz, cr ... 
 cu, fr,cr-6t, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, It-cr-hz-hor .. 
 en, cr-hz ... 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 sc-cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 4 
 2 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 en, cn-st . 
 cu, cr 
 cu, cr-hz .. 
 fl-cn, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr ... 
 fl-cu 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 
 clear ... ... 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 cr, cr-hz i 1 
 cu, cr-hz .. ... 3 
 cu-hor ... ... 3 
 cu, cr, cr-st, cr-hz. 5 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 clear 
 cu, o 
 cu, ci 
 cu 
 clear 
 cu, ci 
 
 -hz 
 -hz 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 cr, er-hz-hor ... 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st.. 
 cr-st, cr-hz. en., 
 cr, hz-hor 
 
 3 
 4 
 1 
 
 clear 
 fl-cu, cu-et, nim... 
 fl-cn, ci- 
 
 
 5 
 
 ny-clcar ... 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 2 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 
 nv-clear ... 
 
 ou, cr-st, hz 
 
 
 5 
 
 cr, hz 
 clear 
 cu, d-hz ... 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 cr, hz 
 clear 
 
 It-cr-hz ... 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 cr, hz 
 clear 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 -hz 
 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-hz, D ... 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 en. cr-hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, d-cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 en, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 cr, cr-hz, cn-st ... 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 on, cu-st, hz 
 en, It-cr-hz 
 cu, It-er, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 s 
 
 3 
 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cr, hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF APRIL 1858 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st.. 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 en, cr-hz.'cr-st ... 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 d-cr-hz, cr-cu 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 112-5 
 129-5 
 120-0 
 115-8 
 110-7 
 137-6 
 125-0 
 120-3 
 123-7 
 130-5 
 128-5 
 116-3 
 115-2 
 
 110-0 
 110-0 
 
 103-5 
 111-3 
 111 2 
 116-0 
 117-3 
 113-5 
 114-5 
 
 110-0 
 
 112-2 
 114-4 
 115-5 
 118-4 
 ovt. 
 118-2 
 117-3 
 
 
 
 89-9 
 94-0 
 89-5 
 90-7 
 90-8 
 94-1 
 91-6 
 92-6 
 98-4 
 100-2 
 97-0 
 93-3 
 92-4 
 91-7 
 90-9 
 91-7 
 926 
 92-4 
 92-5 
 93-0 
 92-0 
 91-6 
 91-5 
 92-3 
 92-7 
 92-9 
 92-4 
 89-7 
 89-8 
 89-4 
 
 75-9 
 74-1 
 72-7 
 76-8 
 76-0 
 77-1 
 75-4 
 76-7 
 76-8 
 79-7 
 81-4 
 82-0 
 80-9 
 79-9 
 78-0 
 77-8 
 78-0 
 77-6 
 77-5 
 77-5 
 75-0 
 75-9 
 76-5 
 77-8 
 80-0 
 79-2 
 79-7 
 80-0 
 77-6 
 78-9 
 
 cu,cr-cu,d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz.. 
 clear ... 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 6 
 2 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-cu, d-cr-hz 
 on, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz.. 
 cr, cr-hz, cu ... 
 ny-clear 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 3 
 5 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 cn,cu-st,cr-cu,er-hz 
 cu, c'li -si, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 4 
 6 
 3 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 cu,cu-st,cr-cu,cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 5 
 3 
 4 
 2 
 
 
 
 cu, cr, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cu, cr-st. cr-hz.. 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 or, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr-hz .. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 ny- clear 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 eu, cu-st, hz 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 clear 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, hz... 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 clear 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, hz... 
 cu, cu-st. hz 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 cr-cu 
 cu, ci 
 cu, ci 
 cu, ci 
 cr-hz 
 cu, ci 
 
 , cr-hz ... 
 -hz 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st 
 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu,cu-st 
 cu, cr, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 fl-cu . ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 en, cn-st, cr 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz-hor 
 en, cn-st ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 en, cu-st ... 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 3 
 1 
 3 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st .. 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 
 
 -hz 
 cr-st 
 -hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st.. 
 ny-clear 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 d-cr-hz 
 
 ovt, fr-lg, fr-th. 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st.. 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-hz, cr ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 or, cr-hz, cu ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 ovt, It-R 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,nim 
 fl-cu, cu-st, nim... 
 on, cu-st ... 
 ny-ovt, th-E 
 ovt, It-R 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 6 
 5 
 7 
 8 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 8 
 7 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz .. 
 ovt, th-E 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 8 
 6 
 3 
 
 en, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 hy-cu-at, nim, It-R, th-SE ... 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 8 
 6 
 2 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 *j 
 2 
 
 3 c 2. 
 
 & S "5 S 
 
 g O fr> 
 
 42 
 
166 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON 
 
 J'lIK WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 1858 
 
 Date 
 
 Gottingen Mean Time 
 XOOIV 
 
 j: 
 
 ^J 
 00 
 
 a 
 
 
 t> 
 
 "8 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 00 
 
 a 
 
 >> 
 ^ 
 
 at 
 IX 
 
 
 
 g 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 i 
 
 .5 
 t>, 
 ^ 
 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 O 
 
 00 
 
 a 
 
 >> 
 
 "cG 
 t>> 
 
 r3 
 | 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 **:! 
 CO 
 ^C 
 
 j? 
 VJ 
 
 ;-. 
 > 
 
 p 
 c 
 
 O 
 
 10 
 
 ^ 
 35 
 _a 
 
 fct 
 
 -M 
 
 a; 
 
 >s 
 
 nr 
 
 O 
 
 0_ 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 SO 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 3O 
 31 
 
 eu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 cr-st, hz, lg-S 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 
 en, er-st, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz 
 ovt, lg-SW, SE ... 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 n-cu,cu-st,cr-hz,lg,th-W 
 
 4 
 
 "G 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 1 
 6 
 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, sh- 
 <>vt [lg-S 
 ovt, sh-lg-SE 
 ovt 
 cn, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 5 
 
 S 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 cu, or, d-cr-hz 
 ovt, H-R 
 ovt 
 en, or, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, lt-hz 
 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 3 
 1 
 
 cn-st, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 hy-cu, d-hz... 
 
 7 
 8 
 S 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 ovt, Ig-SE 
 ovt ... 
 
 G 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 ny-ovt, Ig-N, S 
 ovt ... 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 8 
 3 
 2 
 G 
 
 cu-st, cr.st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 hy-cu, nim, lg-W ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz, Ig-NW. 
 ny-ovt, sh-lg-WSW.. 
 
 6 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cu,cu-st,cr-hz,lg,th-W 
 
 on, cr-hz, sh-lg-SE... 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz, Ig-SE ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 C 
 2 
 7 
 8 
 3 
 3 
 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, nim, hz. 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-cu 
 
 8 
 4 
 5 
 7 
 3 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,lg-W,NW 
 cu, cr-st, hz, Ig-NW. 
 ny-ovt 
 cu-cr, cr-hz, lg-SW.. 
 cu, hz 
 
 7 
 3 
 3 
 7 
 4 
 1 
 
 cr,cr-hz,cr-st,lg-SW. 
 cr-st, hz, lg-W, NW. 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, d-cr-hz, ]g-S 
 cu, cr-hz, lg-W 
 cu, hz 
 
 5 
 2 
 2 
 6 
 3 
 1 
 
 cn, cr, cr-hz, lg-SW. 
 cr-st, hz, lg-SW ... 
 cu,cr-st,cr-hz,lg-SW 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz, lg-S 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, lg-N 
 cu, hz 
 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st, h/. 
 eu, cr-st, hz 
 on, cr, cr-hz 
 cn, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 hy-cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt,R,viv-lg,th,hy-ps-th 
 ovt ... 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 
 ovt, It-R, Ig, th ... 
 ovt, lt-R, lg-S 
 ovt ... 
 ovt 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 3 
 
 ovt, lt-R, Ig 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 en, cn st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 
 ovt ... . . . 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cn, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 3 
 G 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cu-st, cr.st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 cu, hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz, cn 
 cr-st, cr-hz, cu 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 > 
 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 2 
 
 cu, or, cr-hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, or-hz 
 ny-ovt, R, r-b 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cn-st, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cu ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz, sh-lg-S.. 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 1 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz, hl-3) 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, d-hz. 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 3 
 G 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-cu, hz 
 
 cu, cu-at, cr-hi, mm, lg-SW 
 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,nim,lg 
 ovt ... 
 
 1 
 6 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 
 cn, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz, cu 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, cu 
 
 1 
 4 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 4 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 cr-st. cr-hz... 
 
 6 
 
 *> 
 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 6 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 6 
 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 5 
 
 cn, cr-st. cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1858 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 33 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 SO 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 cu-st) cr-st, hz 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 ovt, R, Ig, th-S ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 8 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st,cr-st,hz,lg-SW. 
 ny-ovt, Ig, th-SW ... 
 eu-st, cr-st, hz, Ig-S. 
 cr, cr-st 
 
 2 
 5 
 7 
 3 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu,cn-st,nim, lg-SW.. 
 cu, nim, lg-S 
 en, cu-st, lg-SW ... 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 6 
 4 
 2 
 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu,cr-hz,fr.lg-S,dis-th-S 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 C, 
 2 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu,cr-st,cr-hz,mm,lg-E.. 
 ny-clcar 
 
 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 L> 
 
 
 
 or, cr-st 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 cr, cr-st 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 1, 
 
 cr, cr-st 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 cn, cr-hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 I 
 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 
 cr, cr-st 
 
 2 
 
 
 It-en, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, sh-lg-N ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz, sh-lg-N W. 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 cu-hor 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, sh-lg-W 
 
 cu,cu-st,nim, sh-lg-N 
 ovt 
 ovt ... 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, nim, th ... 
 cu, d-cr, cr-hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-et, nim 
 en, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 4 
 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz, Ig-W 
 
 cu-st, cr-M, hi, nim, Ig, th-NW. 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 en, hz, nim, Ig-SE... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, nim.. 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 6 
 5 
 
 7 
 8 
 4 
 
 cu-st, cr-st,hz, Ig-NW 
 eu-st, cr-st, hz, lg-W 
 cu-st, cr-cu, hz 
 ovt, R, Ig, th 
 ovt,th,lg-S,NW,hy-R 
 ny-ovt 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 cu,cr-hz,sh-lg-W ... 
 cu, hz, lg-W 
 cu-8t,cr-cu,hz,'sh-lK-SW 
 
 ovt, R, lg-8E 
 Oft, R 
 fl-cu, d-cr-hz, nim... 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 cu,cu-st,cr-]]/,iiim,fr-lg- 
 cu, hz ...l'NW.8 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 :{ 
 3 
 7 
 3 
 
 'u, cu-st, nim 
 hy-cn,cr-hz,nim,lt-R 
 hy-cu, nim . 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 6 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 hy-cu, nim ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 cu-st, hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 7 
 2 
 1 
 
 pu, d-cr-hz ... 
 hy-cu, nim ... 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, d-cr-hz... 
 cu, cu-st 
 ny-clear 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 7 
 7 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz... 
 ny-ovt 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cn, hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz .. 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cn, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 4 
 ;i 
 
 o 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 cn, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 3 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 en, cn-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz, lg-SW ... 
 fl-cn, hz, sh-lg-S ... 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 cn, cr, cr-hz ...I 4 
 cn, hz ... ... 5 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, hz... 5 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVK 
 TABLE 
 
 50 o, 
 
 >*> fc s if 
 
 o o a o 
 
 || 1 | f 
 
 ]lj^|Ijlif!|l!ljiiIlll]!lhlHlilljlrii 
 
 1 : SfcgQ : Tii^^ t 2' : 2^^ t i 1 ^3lJ2^^1^4'gls.iK : tc/i^-S-s : ^^ ! J^^ 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 167 
 
 * 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OP MAY 1858 
 
 <y 
 
 I 
 
 13 
 
 S 
 
 .5 
 ;-. 
 
 3 
 
 f 
 
 o 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 .S 
 5 
 
 co 
 p% 
 
 T3 
 
 3 
 
 _0 
 
 O 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 >. 
 
 r'- 
 
 ca 
 >t 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 1 
 _c 
 ">, 
 -g 
 >, 
 
 1 
 
 __c 
 
 o 
 
 30 
 
 g 
 a 
 
 j? 
 
 ra 
 
 > 
 
 'O 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 33 
 
 .a 
 
 00 
 
 >> 
 
 ^ 
 
 CO 
 
 p>* 
 
 T3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 BO 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 118-5 
 113-0 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 116-0 
 122-5 
 126-4 
 ovt. 
 131-0 
 134-5 
 127-8 
 123-3 
 123-4 
 113-3 
 129-4 
 105-5 
 112-2 
 112-5 
 113-7 
 114-9 
 123-5 
 135-5 
 122-7 
 120-0 
 1250 
 127-7 
 136-0 
 1325 
 132-3 
 122-3 
 
 
 
 90-1 ! 
 91-0 
 89-1 
 80-6 
 85-6 
 89-5 
 92-7 
 98-7 
 90-0 
 95-8 
 92-3 
 92-4 
 92-4 
 91-9 
 97-3 
 98-4 
 96-9 
 92-6 
 94-8 
 97-3 
 97-0 
 97-2 
 100-6 
 101-4 
 99-7 
 99-0 
 97-3 
 97-6 
 97-8 
 97-7 
 100-8 
 
 79-7 
 78-5 
 79-2 
 ?9-0 
 73-6 
 77-4 
 78-6 
 80-3 
 77-8 
 78-2 
 79-3 
 80-2 
 78-1 
 78-9 
 80-7 
 83-2 
 80-3 
 77-8 
 78-0 
 79-3 
 79-1 
 79-3 
 80-3 
 81-0 
 82-0 
 80-2 
 80-1 
 79-8 
 80-0 
 80-9 
 81-3 
 
 cu, cr-bz [th-E 
 ovt,lt-R,sh-lg-SE, 
 
 ovt, dis-th 
 ovt 
 cu, eu-at, cr-hz.. 
 cu, hz ... 
 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 ovt,th-W,lg-SW 
 ny-ovt... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 ovt, th, fr-lg 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 ovt, R, th-SE .. 
 
 4 
 8 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 ovt, It-B, 
 
 G 
 8 
 H 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 2 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 ovt 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 8 
 2 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz ... 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 cu, nim ... 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 CU, hz ... 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 ni, cr, cr-hi, sh-lg-W ... 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 ovt 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu,cr-cu, d-cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz... 
 
 8 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 
 oyt 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, d-cr-hz... 
 cr-Bt, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, d-er-hz... 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz, cu-st, th-N 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 6 
 
 ovt 
 fl-cn, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 
 ru . t , cr-Bt, nim, d-hl, th-N. 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu ... 
 
 8 
 5 
 4 
 7 
 3 
 4 
 
 cu, cr 
 ny-ov 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 en, cr 
 cu, hz 
 
 st, hz ... 
 
 4 
 7 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 
 cr-cu, cr, d-cr-hz.. 
 ovt, H-R 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 d-cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 3 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 en, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 en, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 
 6 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 7 
 
 hz '.'.'. 
 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 3 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ny-ovt... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz... 
 
 cu, hz ... 
 cu, cr-st 
 en, cr-st, hz ... 
 cr-cu,cr-hz,cr-st. 
 ny-ovt ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st 
 
 1 
 1 
 4 
 4 
 7 
 3 
 
 clear ... 
 cr, cr-st 
 cr, cr-st 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz.. 
 
 
 2 
 4 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 
 clear 
 cr, cr-st ... 
 en, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cn, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 1 
 3 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, st 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 en, cr, or-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz, nim ... 
 cu, er-hz, cr-st ... 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 7 
 4 
 3 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 cr-cu, hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 cr-cu, hz... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 sc-cu,hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-at, hz 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1858 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 O 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 clear 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 6 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 cu,cr-cu,d-cr-hz 
 
 
 2 
 4 
 8 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 on, cr-cu, d-cr-hz.. 
 
 1 
 3 
 5 
 
 <; 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, d-cr-hz.. 
 
 
 3 
 2 
 5 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cn, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-at, cr-st, hz 
 sc-cu, cr-st, hz, th-E. 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cr, cr-st ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 
 137-5 
 141-7 
 124-0 
 124-1 
 123-7 
 125-7 
 130-7 
 137-4 
 132-3 
 134-2 
 132-6 
 133-3 
 127-0 
 123-5 
 121-3 
 113-0 
 113-0 
 112-0 
 108-3 
 1167 
 116-4 
 109-5 
 120-5 
 117-4 
 125-5 
 131-3 
 130-0 
 130-0 
 129-1 
 131-2 
 
 
 
 97-5 
 103-5 
 98-4 
 99-7 
 101-2 
 98-8 
 102-5 
 98-1 
 99-6 
 100-5 
 100-4 
 104-2 
 102-5 
 102-1 
 91-7 
 96-9 
 95-G 
 95-4 
 94-6 
 98-7 
 97'4 
 95-7 
 99-2 
 99-7 
 100-5 
 94-7 
 94-7 
 101-9 
 99-8 
 97-4 
 
 81-8 
 82-4 
 79-7 
 79-0 
 79-6 
 791 
 77-4 
 80-4 
 81-0 
 81-0 
 81-2 
 83-0 
 82-2 
 82-2 
 81-0 
 81-9 
 79-7 
 79-0 
 80-6 
 81-1 
 81-2 
 80-9 
 78-3 
 79-8 
 82-8 
 79-7 
 80-5 
 82-0 
 82-0 
 81-0 
 
 clear ... 
 ny-clear, 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, hz, sh-lg-N., 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 O 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz,cr-st 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cr, er-st ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-st,d-cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 ny-clear .. 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 
 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 on, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu,cr-st,d-cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 ny-clcar . . 
 
 5 
 
 a 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 cr-cn,cr-st,d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu 
 cu-hor 
 
 6 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 
 cu-hor ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 ou, cu-*t, cr-hE, sh-)-W. 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 3 
 5 
 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz... 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 en, cr-cn, cr-hz. 
 ny-ovt... 
 ci--cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 d-cr-hz, cr-cu... 
 cr, cr-st 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 5 
 
 8 
 6 
 7 
 3 
 
 5 
 5 
 7 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-cr-hz.. 
 ny-ovt 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 6 
 7 
 7 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 on, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 3 
 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, d-cr-hz.. 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 4 
 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 fl-cn, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st, d-or-hz.. 
 hy-cu, nim 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 6 
 8 
 7 
 5 
 5 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 on, cr-hz 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cr-st, cr-cu, hz.. 
 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 en, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, d-cr-hz.. 
 cr, cr-st ... 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cr-cu, er-hz 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 6 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, d-cr-hz.. 
 cr, cr-st ... 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cr-eu, er-hz 
 
 3 
 6 
 5 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 
 en. cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-hz . 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 on, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz, It-cu.. 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 6 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-bz 
 cr-hz, cu 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz... 
 
 a 
 
 6 
 8 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-st 
 It-cr-cu, cr-hz... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr. cr-st, cr-hz... 
 
 2 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st,d-cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 1 
 4 
 6 
 3 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu,cr-st,d-cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 1 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 
 cr-st, cu ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 
 EXPLANATION OP SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE. 
 
 9 3 
 
 - 5 Si & 
 
 111 I 
 
 8 1 & 
 
 g -S .1 M -at 
 
 I 1 1 1' t J 1 i 1 JTt 1 l' 1 * .. 1 * -J * & ft 1 t . * 1 4 I t 1 4 9-4 
 
 2^-5,g.2^g>g|>2Sg'3S'S- ) -a--gsSsS-i-B.S.2-S : g8Jl-He' : |1 
 
 : -3 \-*. "1 1 *: "M 3 * 3 j| jf !$ 1 . '3 a o g. g, g g | -g 3 3 g T * 
 1 ? gO-d-'lSw.H'qS.ri.i: i^slj^ji^lizil & 6 1 S. it pi "A 5 SJ "5 ll 3 3 > 'S 
 
168 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JULY 
 
 1858 
 
 Date 
 
 Gottingen Mean Time 
 \00\ 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 2 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 4 
 
 Cloudy sfey in 8ths 
 
 G 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 8 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 10 
 
 Cloudy sky in Sths 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 90 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 3O 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-Bt,cr-cu,cr-st,hz... 
 cn-st, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 
 4 
 5 
 5 
 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,nim,lg-W 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz, Ig-W 
 cu-st, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,nim,lg-W 
 ovt, R 
 uy-ovt, Ig-W 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 cu, hz, fr-sh-lg-SW.. 
 cu,cr-hz,nim,fr-sh-lg-S, 
 ny-ovt ... [N, E 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 ovt, fr-sh-lg 
 ovt, fr-lg-S 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 eu, cr-hz 
 ovt, sh-lg-SW 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 5 
 
 hy-cu-n, hi. Him, dis-lh, r-b ... 
 
 on, cr-st, d-hz 
 ovt 
 cu-st, hz 
 hy-cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 hy-cu, nim ... 
 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 hy-cu-st, cr-st, hz, Ig-W 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt, lt-R 
 cu-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 
 cu-st, nim, Ig, th-S.. 
 ny-ovt, Ig-W, N ... 
 cu, d-hz, Ig-NW ... 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 ovt, Ig-N ... 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 ovt, fr-lg-SW, S ... 
 cu, cr-hz, nim,fr-]g-S, 
 ovt [SW 
 cu, cu-s^, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 8 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, lt-R 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, sh-lg-SW 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 cn-st, cr-st, d-hz, Ig-SW 
 
 6 
 
 ovt, fr-lg-N, th, NE. 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ny-ort 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, It-R 
 en, cr-st, d-hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, d-cr, er-hz 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 4 
 3 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 en, d-cr-hz 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 
 a 
 
 s 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt, lt-R 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 en, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 ovt, R 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ovt, Ig 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 ovt ... 
 ovt 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 
 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, hz, Ig-NE 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, er-hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 2 
 G 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt ... , -.,. 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, d-cr, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 3 
 6 
 7 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 7 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, hz, sh-lg-NW. 
 cu, cr-st, er-hz 
 cu, d-cr, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 clear 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, d-cr, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 
 a 
 a 
 
 7 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, d-cr, cr-hz 
 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 hy-cu,ou-st,cr-hz ... 
 cu, er-hz 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 6 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 cu, nim, Ig-N, W ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 7 
 4 
 S 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-ovt, R ... ... 
 ovt, lt-R 
 cu, er-hz 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 8 
 4 
 8 
 
 cr-cu, hz 
 ovt, Ig, th-E 
 ovt ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 
 cr-cu, hz 
 ovt, sh-lg-N 
 ovt, R 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 
 
 
 EEMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF AUGUST 1858 
 
 July 31 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 
 SO 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 cu-hor, Ig-SW 
 cu, hz, sh-lg-N 
 cu, Ig-SW, N 
 ovt, lg-8 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 ovt, lt-R 
 
 'i 
 
 "l 
 (i 
 
 2 
 8 
 4 
 S 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt, sh-lg-W ... 
 cu, cr-hz, nim, Ig-N, 
 ovt [SW 
 nv-ovt, lt-R 
 
 7 
 
 "3 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz, nim ... 
 ort, fr-lg-8, W, R, 
 ovt... ...[dis-th 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 V 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt, fr-lg, th-W, R.. 
 
 cu, cn-ft, cr-hz, nim, dU-lg-NW. 
 
 ovt, R, sh-lg-N 
 ovt, sh-lg-N 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 en, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt, th, Ig, R ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 4 
 7 
 6 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu-hor, lg-SW,N ... 
 cu, nim, Ig, th 
 eu,cr,cr-hz,nim,lg-S. 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, lt-R, dis-th 
 
 3 
 2 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 
 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 5 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 2 
 
 cu, or, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 en, cu-st, It-hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... . 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz ... ... 
 
 8 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 2 
 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 8 
 cu, cu st, hz ... 4 
 cu, cu-st ... ... 4 
 cu, hz, Ig-S ... i 7 
 cu, cr-st, hz, Ig-SW.. 4 
 cr-hz, hl-3) 1 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz... 
 uv-ovt 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 6 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-ovt, fr-lg-SE ... 
 cu,cr-hz,nim,sh-lg-SW.. 
 
 en, cr-hz 
 en, cr-cu, hz 
 cu-hor, sh-lg-SW ... 
 ny-clear, Ig-SW 
 
 4 
 7 
 2 
 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ovt ... 
 cu,cr hz,nim,sh-lg-SW.. 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz, sh-lg-W 
 
 ovt, sh-lg-S 
 ny-ovt, sh-lg-S, SW. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz, nim. 
 cr-st, d-cr-hz 
 ou, cr-cu, cr-hz, nim. 
 cu, hz 
 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 7 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 eu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 4 
 6 
 4 
 3 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... , .. 
 cu, cr-hz ... . 
 cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 en-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 1 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 2 
 6 
 
 cu,cr-st,hz,lg-W,NW , 2 
 en, cr st, hz ... 2 
 cr, d-cr-hz, hi- : ... 6 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... i 3 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... t 3 
 cr, d cr-hz ... ... 5 
 
 en, cr-hz, sh-lg-NW. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 
 4 
 5 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu,cr-cn,or-hz,nim... 
 cr-st, d-cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, d-cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 er st, cr-hz ... 
 
 cr-cn, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr. hz 
 cr, cr-st, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, er-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 7 
 6 
 7 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 5 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz, fr-sh-lg-NW.. 
 cu, errcu, cr-hz 
 or, er-st, d-cr-hz ... 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 
 H 
 
 6 
 5 
 8 
 5 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr, d-hz 
 cr, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, er-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr, d-hz 
 cr, cr-st, d-hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 7 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz, hi-' 7 
 cr-st, cr, d-hz ... 5 
 cr, er-st, d-hz ... 1 5 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 2 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 5 
 cr, cr-hz, Ig-W ... 2 
 
 cr, cr-st, d-hz 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-st, hz... 
 cr, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 fl-eu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 6 
 7 
 
 eu, cr, cr-hz 
 hy-cu, cu-st,nim, r-b.. 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 ny-ovt, Ig-SW 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 cu-st, hz, Ig-W 
 
 6 
 8 
 
 H-cu, hz, Ig-SW ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-cu, hz, nim ... 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 C 
 
 !> 
 
 cu, cr-cu, hz, mm... 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 S*i 
 .5 
 
 So & 
 
 > &- a 
 
 11! . j i 
 
 1 ! \ 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' , 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 h i I ! ! ! 1 ! i 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 * 1 1 
 
 < "3 -g o -3 -3 -3 1 - g & S S -o J .2 w a 3 5 5 o- * S g ..*>.". ^ ^ 
 li c 5Q^ : i^p4=2'd<o : 4:M*3lj2^^a!?l&1p.^K : 'Sa!-S-s55 ; :-?^ 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 1G9 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JULY 1858 
 
 B 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 7^ 
 
 00 
 
 t-> 
 
 * 
 t>> 
 
 ^3 
 
 | 
 o 
 
 14 
 
 ,JS 
 
 36 
 
 .5 
 >> 
 
 ^s 
 at 
 >, 
 
 I 
 O 
 
 M 
 
 00 
 
 ^e 
 >, 
 
 % 
 >> 
 
 a 
 2 
 
 _c 
 
 3 
 
 18 
 
 00 
 
 a 
 j? 
 
 01 
 
 >> 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 _0 
 
 O 
 
 3O 
 
 00 
 
 e 
 >> 
 
 "? 
 
 TJ 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 99 
 
 00 
 
 a 
 I 
 
 > 
 
 13 
 
 
 o 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Aii- 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 o 
 
 ou, cr-hz, cr-st.. 
 o vt ... ... 
 
 3 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st.. 
 ovt 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 ovt 
 
 i 
 
 8 
 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 ovt 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 cr-st, hz .. 
 ny-ovt 
 
 3 
 7 
 
 cn, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cn-st,cr-st,d-cr-hz 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 125-5 
 110-0 
 100-7 
 122-0 
 122-0 
 102-1 
 101-2 
 109-3 
 115-0 
 106-2 
 107-0 
 104-0 
 108-0 
 115-2 
 106-0 
 104-0 
 119-3 
 115-0 
 111-0 
 
 127-0 
 
 130-5 
 121-5 
 122-3 
 125-5 
 110-3 
 130-0 
 120-5 
 126-0 
 127-5 
 105-0 
 
 
 
 98-8 
 94-7 
 94-3 
 94-4 
 94-3 
 89-9 
 90-0 
 95-5 
 97-9 
 95-2 
 94-3 
 92-3 
 94-4 
 94-5 
 93-5 
 90-5 
 92-2 
 96-1 
 93-7 
 97-4 
 98-6 
 95-6 
 966 
 991 
 99-1 
 98-8 
 94-3 
 92-0 
 92-5 
 87-6 
 
 79-0 
 76-5 
 75-3 
 76-2 
 76-4 
 78-3 
 78-5 
 797 
 79-3 
 77-0 
 79-8 
 80-1 
 81-9 
 79-2 
 77-9 
 78-9 
 80-1 
 81-7 
 80-8 
 81-5 
 79-4 
 80-6 
 80-1 
 79-7 
 81-7 
 79-1 
 79-5 
 76-8 
 79-1 
 79-3 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-liz 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz. 
 ovt 
 
 ovt 
 cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz . . . 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz .. 
 
 6 
 5 
 7 
 8 
 5 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cn, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 8 
 7 
 5 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 hy-cu, nim 
 ovt 
 ny.ovt 
 hy-cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 fl-cu, cr-hz, nim ... 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 
 ovt 
 ovt ... ... 
 ovt ... ... 
 ovt 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz. 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cn ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 
 ny.ovt 
 ovt 
 cn, cu-st cr-hz ... 
 cn, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 hy-cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, d-hz... 
 cn, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 ovt 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz, nim... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz... 
 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-hz, nim... 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 6 
 8 
 
 cn, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 cn, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cn, cr-cu... 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 
 / 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 5 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cn, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cn, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 4 
 5 
 7 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, c-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 7 
 4 
 
 4 
 7 
 7 
 
 d-cr-hz, cu 
 cr-hz 
 ovt 
 ovt, It-R 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 ovt 
 
 7 
 1 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cr-hz, cr, cr-at... 
 ny-clear 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt ... ... 
 ovt ... ... 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cr-hz, cr, cr-st ... 
 cu, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt,lt-R 
 
 6 
 2 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cr-hz, cr, cr-st ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cn, cr, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 cr-hz, cr, cr-st ... 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 7 
 2 
 5 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 7 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 
 EEMABKS ON THE WEATHER FOE THE MONTH OF AUGUST 1858 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 cn,cr-cn,cr-st,cr-hz. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu,cr-cu,cr-st,cr-hz. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 cn, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 cn, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 
 5 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 105-0 
 125-0 
 123-5 
 111-0 
 116-5 
 106-5 
 112-5 
 117-5 
 109-0 
 120-3 
 119-8 
 115-5 
 1270 
 128-5 
 137-5 
 130-0 
 127-5 
 127-5 
 133-2 
 139-5 
 140-0 
 129-5 
 132-0 
 126-0 
 131-5 
 135-0 
 135-0 
 138-1 
 126-5 
 132-5 
 124-2 
 138-0 
 
 
 
 87'5 
 91-9 
 929 
 89-9 
 91-7 
 90-6 
 91-4 
 92-2 
 91-6 
 95-7 
 97-1 
 93-G 
 95-5 
 93-3 
 92-5 
 95-3 
 92-9 
 93-1 
 94-6 
 94-5 
 93-7 
 92-9 
 95-5 
 92-8 
 97-5 
 93-7 
 92-5 
 94-7 
 95-8 
 97-8 
 97-6 
 9G-4 
 
 77'2 
 73-8 
 77-2 
 75't 
 77-2 
 77-7 
 79-0 
 77-3 
 78-0 
 78-8 
 79-8 
 78-8 
 80-0 
 78-6 
 78-9 
 79-5 
 78-7 
 79-8 
 79-4 
 79-8 
 70-9 
 81-5 
 80-1 
 77-7 
 79-2 
 78-9 
 779 
 80-1 
 81-0 
 SO-6 
 77-4 
 78-1 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 23 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 SO 
 
 :u 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt... 
 ovt, sh-lg-NE... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz. 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz, nim... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cn-st, cr-hz.. 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz, nim... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 7 
 2 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt... 
 
 7 
 
 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 5 
 2 
 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 6 
 4 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 5 
 5 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 
 on, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr, or-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cn, cr-hz, nim ... 
 ovt 
 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz . . . 
 cr-st, cr-hz, 
 ovt 
 cu,cu-st,cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 
 5 
 3 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 cu,cu-st,cr-cu,cr-hz. 
 ovt 
 
 cu, cr-hz, sh-lg,SE 
 
 en, c.,..t nim, fr-lg,9,H-R 
 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 cr-hz, cr-st, cu.. 
 d-cr-hz 
 cn, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, or-hz... 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 5 
 7 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 g 
 
 cn, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 5 
 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cn, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cn, cu-st, cr-hz .. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 4 
 5 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu-flt, cr-st, cr-cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cn, d-cr-hz 
 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 
 cu,cr-cu,cr-hz,nim 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-hz, cu 
 ny-clear 
 
 cr-hz, cr-st, cu .. 
 cn, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 2 
 3 
 
 cr-hz, cr-st, cu ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cn, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 
 fu, cr-cu, cr-hi, h-lg-N. 
 
 ovt 
 cn, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 ovt, R ... ... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 d-or-h/. rn 
 cu, cr-hz, nim ... 
 cn, cr-cn, d-cr-hz 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 ovt 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz.. 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 4 
 8 
 5 
 
 rl-or-hz. on 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cn, cr-cn, d-cr-hz.. 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 3 
 6 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, d-cr-hz.. 
 cr-st, cr-hz, cu ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 4 
 
 
 cn, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cn, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cn, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr-hz, sh.Ijj.SIV 
 
 6 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 cn, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 or-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 er, er-hz ... 
 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 
 cr-cn, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr, er-liz 
 
 3 
 5 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-cu, or-hz ... 
 cn, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cn, cr, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 f, 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cn. cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 4 
 6 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 V'SKD IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 i 3 
 
 * 4 S. 
 
 o b a t. 
 a 5 
 
 III 8? * 
 
 * & .2 3 a - g i . I i ii . 1 i 1 9 j 
 
 i I I i * I 4 i 2g > l>=l^|s!a-|-S > II^J a -S|ll1^.'?^ 
 
 M.dl4l^ll|i^|lll4l4ltlllill||1 llllll^H -H 
 !1&gn^--1.8ri.2.s a I J a A a fc | & 1 i i. & 1 n y-s^'^'l ^-c>- 
 
 43 
 
170 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 1858 
 
 Date 
 
 Gottingen Mean Time 
 
 voov 
 
 Cloudy sky in Sths 
 
 3 
 
 Cloudy sky in Sths 
 
 4 
 
 Cloudy sky iu Sths 
 
 o 
 
 Cloudy sky in Sths 
 
 8 
 
 Cloudy sky in Stlis 
 
 10 
 
 Cloudy sky in Sths 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 3O 
 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 hy-cu, cn-st, nim ... 
 ny-ovt, It-R, r-b ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 7 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 fl-cu,cr-cu,hz,lg-SW 
 en, cu-st, hz, Ig-W... 
 cu-st,cr-st,hz,lg-NW 
 
 2 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 cu, hz, Ig-N 
 cu, hz, Ig-SW 
 cu, d-hz, Ig-N 
 cu, hz, Ig-NE 
 
 1 
 3 
 6 
 2 
 
 cu, hz, Ig-SW 
 cu, cn-st, nim 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, Ig... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 ovt, sh-lg-SW 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, or-hz, sh-lg-N ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 
 ovt, th-N, R, sh-lg-N 
 ovt, fr-lg, NW 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 
 ovt, th, Ig, R 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, d-hz. 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 cu,cu-st,cr-st,hz, Ig-N 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz, lg-N'.V 
 ovt ... 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 5 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz, lg-NW. 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 s 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim, Ig .. 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 4 
 
 S 
 
 8 
 
 s 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 en, cu-st, d-hz 
 cu, cu-st, Ig-NE ... 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 5 
 
 "7 
 
 cu, cr-st, cn-st, d-hz. 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 ovt, sh-lg-N W ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 3 
 5 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, nim, Ig-W. 
 ny-ovt 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 s 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 S 
 
 cu, cr-cu, d-cr-hz . . . 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 hy-cu, cu-st, nim ... 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, hz 
 cu-st,cr-st,d-hz,lg-W 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 ny-ovt 
 
 E 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 cu, cn-st 
 ovt .. 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz,lg,th 
 cu, hz, nim 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 ovt ... 
 en, cn-st, hz, nim ... 
 
 ovt, Ig, th 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 ovt, fr-ps-th, Ig, E.. 
 
 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 3 
 5 
 5 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 sc-cn, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 5 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-st, hz, hi- tT ... 
 cr-cn, cr-st... 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 
 7 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 
 ny-ovt 
 en, cr-st, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cn, d-hz ,., 
 
 7 
 5 
 4. 
 
 
 
 
 ovt .. 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz, cr 
 en, cr-cu, d.hz 
 
 s 
 6 
 B 
 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st 
 cr-hz, cr-st... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz .. ... 
 
 6 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear ... [NW 
 on, cu-st, cr-hz, th- 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 cr-et, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu-st,cr-st,cr-hz,lg-N. 
 
 3 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 ny-clear 
 en, cu-st, Ig-W, NW 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 ny-clear, Ig-W 
 cu, cu-st, Ig-W, N W 
 
 ii 
 
 2 
 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1858 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 2O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 37 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 on, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr 
 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear, Ig-N 
 ny-clear, Ig-W 
 
 
 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 clear 
 
 2 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... ... 
 cu, hz 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 
 clear 
 cu, hz, sh-lg-N W ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt [W 
 en, cr-hz, nim, sh-lg- 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt, R 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz, Ig-W 
 cu, cr-st, hz, th-lg-N 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, R 
 It-cu, er-st 
 ny-ovt 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 1 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-st, Ig-SW-hor 
 cu, cr-st, hz, ]g-N... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, R ... [hor 
 cr-st, hz, cu, sh-lg, SW- 
 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz, Ig-W 
 
 1 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 1 
 5 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, hz, nim, Ig-N ... 
 
 
 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 5 
 
 ny-clear 
 er-st, cr-hz .. 
 ovt ... ... ... 
 ovt, hy-R ... 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 3 
 
 ovt, R 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 ovt, sh-lg-N 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 en, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 6 
 3 
 7 
 7 
 3 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz, lg-NW.. 
 ovt, R 
 en, hz 
 cu, hz, Ig-W 
 
 8 
 3 
 7 
 8 
 4 
 1 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 4 
 8 
 7 
 2 
 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, hz, fr-lg- W 
 ovt, It-R 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 (i 
 3 
 
 cu-st, hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz, Ig-N W.. 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, hz 
 [NW SW 
 
 2 
 7 
 8 
 3 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 eu, cr-hz, fr-lg,W, N. 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt, It-R 
 cu, hz, Ig-W 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 ny-ovt 
 en, cr-cn, d-cr-hz ... 
 hy-cu, d-cr-hz, nim. 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 cu,cn-st,cr-hz, lg-NW 
 en, cr-cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 hy-cu, nim ... 
 ovt 
 ovt ... 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz, Ig-W, 
 cu, d-hz ... 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 c 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt .. 
 
 en, d-hz, cr-st 
 ovt . 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 
 
 
 ovt, hi- 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 e 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-cu, hz, th-W... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 sc-cu, hz 
 ny-clear 
 sc-cu, hz 
 
 5 
 6 
 4 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 ny-ovt, sh-lg-S 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 7 
 4 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 6 
 3 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, er-hz-hor 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 
 
 (1 
 
 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz, D 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 cr-hz, cr 
 cu, cr-hz, D 
 clear, D 
 clear ... 
 
 [Ig-N 
 en, cu-st, nim, R, sh- 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 fSED IM THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 aril.... around 
 cid. ...clouds or cloudy 
 crorci. cirri or cirro or cirrous 
 cu cumuli or cumulo 
 D dew 
 d dense 
 
 ! 
 
 s 
 
 > 1" 
 
 ,-, 3 tr o -c 
 
 -g j 1 -s B t -I ? -s r J fc 
 
 g 5 bo c x e - -s => ! g ? d J 4 J V j< 
 
 1 1 $ tr -a .s s-,3 | s -s s 3 -| i i f I 1 i i -I -i ! 1 s n ^ & ^ -s 
 
 * 3 3 & & 3 M 3 M I 1| I I & M s : i 1 -1 I 1 | si | 
 
 5 w <? ;ii ic < tcJ?:3^^SJfS3Ste'3 c?o o S.'S.M -~ oi " 3 5 > "> fe 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 171 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 1858 
 
 o 
 
 c! 
 
 n 
 
 12 
 
 J 
 
 
 
 >J 
 
 14 
 
 CloudyskyinSths 
 
 10 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 1* 
 
 1 
 _n 
 
 f>> 
 
 -^ 
 to 
 >. 
 
 2 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 99 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 99 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 *3 
 
 a 
 
 _o 
 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Tor. 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 :to 
 
 cu,cu-st,cr-liz,niui 
 cu.cr-hz.sh-lg-NW 
 cu,cr-hz,sh-]L---N \V 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 cu,cr-cu,cr-h/.,nhn 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 cr-cu, cr ... 
 cr, cr-st ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz, cr-cu. 
 
 2 
 2 
 6 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st, 
 cr, cr-st ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 6 
 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cn, cu-st, cr-hz . 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 
 hy-cu, cu-st, nim . 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim . 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 
 137-0 
 135-0 
 134-0 
 132-0 
 132-0 
 111-8 
 ovt. 
 108-3 
 107-0 
 112-3 
 113-3 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 120-5 
 122-0 
 127-0 
 124-7 
 127-5 
 103-0 
 120-6 
 130-5 
 141-6 
 139-3 
 135-0 
 140-4 
 140-5 
 138-5 
 112-5 
 130-7 
 124-0 
 
 
 
 97-7 
 95-4 
 91-4 
 93-6 
 93-2 
 88-5 
 85-7 
 83-8 
 87-6 
 93-1 
 92-6 
 92-0 
 90-4 
 91-9 
 94-9 
 93-3 
 92-5 
 93-6 
 91-3 
 93-6 
 93-7 
 91-4 
 93-5 
 93-8 
 93-0 
 93-1 
 92-1 
 91-0 
 93-0 
 92-8 
 
 790 
 78-7 
 79-0 
 79-4 
 76-0 
 75-3 
 75-4 
 76-3 
 77-1 
 77-9 
 79-0 
 79-2 
 79-5 
 79-2 
 79-0 
 79-0 
 77-1 
 77-1 
 81-1 
 77-8 
 78-1 
 77-5 
 77-4 
 79-0 
 78-5 
 78-2 
 78-4 
 78-0 
 77-8 
 79-8 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt, 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 sh-lg-N w". 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 R 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 ovt 
 uy-ovt... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 5 
 
 en, hz 
 d-cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, hz 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 
 hy-cu, eu-st, nim . 
 d-cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, hz. 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 ovt, H-R 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 8 
 2 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 ovt 
 cu, cr, cr-hz .. 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 3 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 3 
 7 
 5 
 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz . 
 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 4 
 6 
 4 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 4 
 
 cr-cn, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz, cr-cu. 
 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 5 
 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 ovt 
 cu, or-st, cr-hz.. 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz . 
 
 8 
 5 
 4 
 2 
 4 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st.. 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st . 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 
 ovt 
 cr, or-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 ny-61ear ... 
 It-cr, cr-st 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 3 
 2 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 
 7 
 
 d-or-hz ... 
 
 8 
 5 
 3 
 1 
 4 
 5 
 
 en, d-cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, er-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 4 
 2 
 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 It-cr, cr-st 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 3 
 5 
 
 cr-st, cr-bz 
 ou, cr-cu, cr-st ... 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cr-hz, cr 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st . 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr- 
 cu, hz ... [hz 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-cu . 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz . 
 
 4 
 5 
 2 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cn, nim 
 cr, cr-st, ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 2 
 3 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz, cu ... 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cn, nim 
 cr-cu, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz, cu ... 
 en, cn-st 
 cu, hz 
 en, cr-st, cr 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 en, cu-st 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,th-NW 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 3 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1858 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 SO 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 2S 
 29 
 
 8O 
 
 31 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 
 122-0 
 130-5 
 129-5 
 140-7 
 100-0 
 ovt. 
 108-0 
 132-5 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 117-0 
 131-5 
 ovt. 
 117-9 
 126-7 
 123-3 
 100-4 
 131-5 
 133-5 
 114-5 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 135-5 
 126-0 
 140-5 
 142-5 
 139-5 
 140-5 
 137-4 
 129-3 
 
 
 
 90-5 
 91-0 
 92-9 
 91-0 
 86-3 
 80-4 
 84-6 
 87-3 
 85-1 
 79-5 
 87-6 
 87-9 
 84-6 
 84-3 
 85-0 
 84-8 
 84-3 
 86-5 
 86-0 
 84-8 
 81-1 
 80-0 
 86-1 
 85-2 
 84-3 
 86-5 
 86-0 
 85-1 
 85-5 
 88-3 
 87-1 
 
 79-0 
 77-4 
 77-1 
 77-6 
 78-1 
 74-1 
 73-8 
 77-3 
 75-5 
 73-1 
 74-8 
 76-1 
 76-7 
 75-3 
 75-1 
 77-2 
 77-1 
 75-0 
 75-6 
 75-2 
 69-3 
 72-6 
 74-0 
 74-9 
 76-0 
 73'8 
 72-1 
 7.3-2 
 73-9 
 74-1 
 76-3 
 
 clear ... 
 cu, hz ... 
 cu, hz ... 
 ovt, It-R 
 cu, cr-hz, nim... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 8 
 6 
 4 
 
 cu, hz ... 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 en, cr-hz, cr ... 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 ovt, R 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 5 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt, th-E 
 ovt, R 
 fl-cu, cu-st,cr-hz, nim 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 5 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 5 
 
 cu, or, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt, K, dis-th 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz,nim 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 4 
 
 cn-hor 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ovt, It-B 
 ovt, R 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 5 
 
 ovt, R 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 
 8 
 3 
 3 
 8 
 4 
 4 
 
 ovt, R 
 cu-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, or-hz . 
 ovt, hy-R 
 ca, cr-cu, cr-hz . 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, 
 [ nim,r-b 
 
 8 
 7 
 3 
 8 
 3 
 6 
 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ovt .. ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz . 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 8 
 5 
 E 
 
 ovt, R 
 en, cr-hz... 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 ovt, It-R, th-W ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz . 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 5 
 4 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 
 ovt 
 cu,cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 
 cu, cu-st,cr-cu, cr-hz, 
 [nim 
 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 
 ovt 
 hy-cu, nim 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st ... 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cu-st, d-cr-hz . 
 
 8 
 7 
 4 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 
 cu, ci 
 ny-ov 
 
 CU.CU-, 
 
 cu, cr 
 ovt, 11 
 ovt, 11 
 
 i-st, cr-hz. 
 t 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz . 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 5 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-st 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt, R 
 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st cr-hz ... 
 ou, cr, cr-st 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 en, cu-st, d-cr-hz . 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 hy-cu, mm 
 cp, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 t,cr-hz, nim 
 -hz 
 -R 
 R 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr- 
 ny-ovt ... [hz 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, R 
 
 ovt 
 ovt, dis-th 
 cr-hz, cr, D ... 
 cu, cr-hz, D ... 
 clear, I) 
 cr-hz, D 
 
 8 
 8 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, cr-st . 
 cr-cu, hz 
 cr-hz ... 
 [W 
 
 8 
 8 
 2 
 
 3 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-ou, cr-hz, cr-st . 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 8 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, cr-st . 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 7 
 4 
 8 
 3 
 3 
 
 E 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz . 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 7 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim, It-R.. 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 en, d-cr-bz 
 sc-cu, hz ... 
 sc-cu, hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim . 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim, r-b- 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz . . . 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim . 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 -= 
 
 e -s 
 .- * 
 
 >, 3 -3 
 6 3 
 
 i g a" 3 
 
 linMllHllllllljlllillinUilllllllfi! 
 
 11 I a -, | 4 J* d J i be * 3 1 J 2 w J | fc | >> i | g, i "f ^ -d -S ^ 1 j & 
 
172 
 
 MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF NOVEMBER 1858 
 
 Date 
 
 TOttingen Mean Time 
 \00\ 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8th s 
 
 S 
 
 Cloudy sky mSths 
 
 4 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 G 
 
 Cloudy sky in Stlis 
 
 8 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8tlis 
 
 10 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8th s 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 90 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 liy-cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz 
 so-cu, hz ... ' 
 en, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 3 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 cu, or, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, hz 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz, Ig-SW. 
 cu, hz 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cn-hor 
 en, hz 
 ovt, It-R 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 2 
 
 cu, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 cu ... 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 8 
 1 
 
 cu, hz 
 ovt. It-R 
 ovt, 
 ny-clear 
 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 ovt, It-R, Ig-N W . 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 ovt 
 cu ... 
 
 sc-cu, hz 
 
 3 
 
 clear 
 
 ovt hy-R. 
 
 8 
 3 
 2 
 8 
 7 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 sc-cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... .'.. 
 hy-cn, hz .... ... 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 on, hz 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 
 fl-cu 
 sc-cu, hz 
 on, hz 
 fl-cu ... ' ... 
 cr, cr-st 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 fl-cu 
 cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu 
 
 2 
 2 
 6 
 3 
 5 
 2 
 
 cu, hz 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st 
 ny-ovt 
 
 2 
 
 
 a 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 eu, cr-cu, hz 
 clear 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 eu, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 2 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 ovt, R 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 
 8 
 7 
 4 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, R 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovfc, R 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 ovt ... 
 fl-cn, cu-st, hz 
 ny-ovt, hi- ' 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, It-R 
 ny-ovt ... ...' 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, R 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, R 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, R 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 ovt, R 
 
 8 
 
 ovt, R 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, nim, dis-th. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, hz... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 7 
 2 
 8 
 
 en, cr-hz 
 cn-hor 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 en, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 ovt, R 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 ovt ... 
 
 a 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, R 
 ovt ... 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 5 
 4 
 4. 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 en, er-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 ovt ... ... 
 ovt, R 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ovt, R 
 
 5 
 8 
 
 cu, hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 cu, hz, D 
 
 ovt 
 ovt ... 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 on, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt ... 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 
 7 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 
 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF DECEMBER 1858 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st 
 cn-hor 
 
 7 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 eu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cn-hor] 
 ny-clear 
 nv-clear, D 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cu-hof 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cn-hor 
 ny-elear, D... 
 
 clear, D 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 
 "o 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 6 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 cu-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 ovt ' 
 ou, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 6. 
 8 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 
 1-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 1-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 1 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 en 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 7 
 7 
 4 
 1 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-st, D... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 6 
 
 7 
 6 
 2 
 4 
 
 ny-clear, D 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz 
 on, cn-st, cr-cu, hz.. 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cn, cr-st, hz 
 
 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 ny-clear, D 
 cu, cr-hz, ]J 
 on, cu-st, cr-cu, liz.. 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz, D 
 
 en, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, cr-cu, hz, D 
 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 fl-cu, hz . . ... 
 
 
 4 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 <1 
 
 cu, hz 
 fl-cu 
 
 1 
 5 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 
 
 cu. cr-cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cu 
 ovt 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 
 3 
 ( 
 
 ovt ... 
 fl-cn 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 
 ovt 
 cu 
 ny-clear 
 cu-hor 
 
 8 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 ovt ... 
 sc-cu 
 ny-clear 
 clear, fg 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, er-hz, nim 
 ny-clear, D... 
 
 cu, hz, D ... 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu-hz 
 clear, fg 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 eu, cn-st, cr-hz, D .. 
 cu, cr-cu, D 
 cu, fg .;. 
 
 ny-clear 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 cu, cu-at, cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 fl-cu 
 
 
 4 
 6 
 2 
 6 
 2 
 
 clear 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 fl-cu . 
 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 fl-cu 
 
 2 
 4 
 4 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu 
 sc-cu 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 '4 
 3 
 
 eu, cu-st, cr-hz, D.. 
 en, cr-cn, cr-hz, D-. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 sc-cn, cn-st, cr 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 
 eu, cr-hz, D... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz, D.. 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz, D.. 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz, D.. 
 cr-hz, cr-st, D 
 
 ca, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 fl-cn 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz, 1) .. 
 cu, cr,hz, D 
 cr-st, cr-hz, D 
 cu, cr-st, hz, D 
 cu, cr-hz, D 
 
 i 
 
 cr-st, d-hz ... 
 en, cr-st 
 cu, cn-st, cr-st 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu-st, cr-st ... 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st 
 on, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 e 
 
 5 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 en, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 fl-cu 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 en, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 6 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 
 en, cu-st, d-hz 
 en, cr-hz, D 
 cu, hz 
 en, cr-st, hz, D 
 ny-clear, D... 
 
 7 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 00 ' 
 
 -B .5 
 
 ,2 o. 
 
 1 s 1 s 
 
 J2 O [3 > JJ* 
 
 1 i 1 1 1 1 I i i ! ill i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! l!i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 \ * t 1 1 
 
 0>O'3'3't>c8.83J'CI.n.a,fl,a.3S3:5S ( 3BaO''p.p < BB ta to +* > t- F 
 
 11 g gO-=iKi;Sw : <2>;;5<n : si^sl^^^sl^'S & 1 S. ti aJ g -5 -8 '1 > % fc 
 
MADRAS, 1858 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 173 
 
 BEMABKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF NOVEMBER 1858 
 
 1 
 
 
 13 
 
 3 
 
 00 
 
 % 
 i 
 
 o 
 
 s 
 
 14 
 
 00 
 
 a 
 
 I 
 t 
 
 1 
 o 
 
 16 
 
 a 
 
 t 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 a 
 I 
 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 5 
 
 22 
 
 00 
 
 a 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 t 
 
 Badiation 
 
 Air 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 SO 
 
 eu, cr-hz 
 clear 
 cu, D 
 cu, cr-hz, nim . 
 cu, cn-st, nim . 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz . 
 cu, cu-st, nim . 
 en, cr-hz 
 
 cu,cr-st,cr-hE,nim. 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim . 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 5 
 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim ... 
 on, cr-hz 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 ovt, It-B 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 6 
 4 
 8 
 5 
 
 en, cu-st nim, 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz . 
 
 c 
 
 5 
 B 
 
 8 
 5 
 
 cu-st,cr-cu,er-st, hz 
 fl-cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, cr, cr-hz, nim . 
 ovt 
 sc-cu, hz ... 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 8 
 4 
 
 129-5 
 124-5 
 130-0 
 ovt. 
 131-5 
 128-3 
 128-0 
 127-5 
 125-3 
 141-7 
 124-0 
 130-0 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 123-2 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 109-5 
 121-1 
 132-5 
 128-8 
 134-5 
 ovt. 
 120-5 
 128-2 
 131-7 
 123-5 
 
 
 
 86-7 
 83-9 
 83-9 
 82-0 
 85-9 
 86-4 
 84-8 
 83-3 
 82-7 
 83-0 
 82-7 
 81-8 
 80-4 
 78-6 
 78-1 
 81-4 
 82-0 
 82-1 
 79-8 
 78-0 
 82-1 
 82-6 
 83-7 
 85-6 
 83-6 
 81-3 
 79-2 
 79-3 
 80-5 
 81-3 
 
 74-8 
 74-9 
 72-4 
 75-9 
 75-7 
 74-8 
 74-3 
 73-8 
 70-7 
 74-3 
 75-0 
 70-8 
 75-5 
 74-8 
 71-8 
 71-1 
 74-2 
 76-3 
 74-1 
 71-4 
 74-9 
 75-0 
 74-8 
 76-4 
 76-1 
 73-0 
 74-4 
 69-4 
 72-1 
 72-3 
 
 en, cu-st, nim . 
 cu, hz ... 
 cu, hz, D 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 cu, hz ... 
 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 8 
 8 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt, It-B 
 ovt 
 
 CU.ll/ ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 8 
 8 
 1 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 6 
 7 
 2 
 
 cu, eu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 6 
 7 
 3 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-cu,cr-hz 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 
 sc-cu, hz ... 
 sc-cn, hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt, It-R 
 en, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 2 
 7 
 6 
 4 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 ovt, B 
 cu, eu-st, or-hz . 
 cu, hz ... 
 ovt, B ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, nim . 
 cu,hz, nim, B ... 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 
 ovt, B 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-et, cr-hz, nim 
 eu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 ovt, It-B 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz,nim 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz,nim 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 5 
 7 
 8 
 
 ovt, B 
 ovt, hy-E 
 ovt 
 cu, cr, d-er-hz ... 
 ovt 
 ovt,lt-E ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz . 
 cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 ovt 
 ovt, B 
 
 8 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz,r-b 
 
 ny-ovt, B 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, hz ... 
 ovt, B 
 
 8 
 5 
 7 
 8 
 5 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 S 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 7 
 4 
 7 
 5 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-cu, hz 
 cu,cu-st, cr-cu,cr-hz 
 cu, eu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 5 
 7 
 5 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 hy-cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 en ,cu-8t,cr-cu,hz,niin 
 cu,cu-st,cr-cu,cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ovt, B 
 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz .. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-eu,hz. 
 cu,cu-st,cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-8t, cr-hz, It-R. 
 ovt, R 
 
 6 
 4 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st,cr-hz, nim 
 en, cn-st, cr-cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cn, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 
 cu, hz, D 
 ovt, B 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz . 
 ovt 
 en, cr-cu, hz ... 
 
 4 
 8 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-st-hor 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 2 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st-hor 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz- nim, 
 cu, cn-st ... Qt-K 
 
 2 
 6 
 5 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cn-st ... 
 
 6 
 4 
 8 
 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 hy-cn, cr-st, d-hz . 
 
 7 
 3 
 7 
 
 BEMABKS ON THE WEATHEB FOR THE MONTH OF DECEMBER 1858 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 .4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 O 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 31 
 
 cu,cr-cn, cr-hz... 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 en, hz 
 en, cn-Bt 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 en 
 en, cu-et ... 
 
 2 
 1 
 3 
 
 fl-cn, cu-st 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 
 fl-cn, cn-st 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st ... 
 en, cu-st... 
 fl-cn, cu-st 
 
 6 
 3 
 6 
 
 124-5 
 135-5 
 125-5 
 131-5 
 129-7 
 124-5 
 121-5 
 115-0 
 119-5 
 125-0 
 1080 
 124-0 
 125-0 
 117-0 
 116-3 
 126-5 
 128-0 
 133-5 
 132-0 
 133-0 
 120-5 
 121-2 
 120-4 
 113-2 
 118-5 
 119-5 
 128-7 
 123-0 
 120-8 
 125-2 
 126-7 
 
 
 
 81-5 
 81-1 
 80-2 
 79-7 
 
 78-7 
 78-5 
 78-5 
 80-8 
 79-7 
 79-9 
 79-1 
 77-8 
 78-4 
 78-6 
 79-3 
 78-7 
 80-8 
 80-3 
 80-0 
 80-1 
 80-2 
 80-9 
 79-3 
 79-3 
 79-8 
 79-7 
 81-0 
 79-8 
 80-4 
 80-4 
 80-6 
 
 72-2 
 71-8 
 69-4 
 68-3 
 66-0 
 66-7 
 69-9 
 74-2 
 71-8 
 67-7 
 68-5 
 68-8 
 68-0 
 70-4 
 70-0 
 70-5 
 68-4 
 69-0 
 69-3 
 69-9 
 68-9 
 68-0 
 66-9 
 67-4 
 71-3 
 68-2 
 68-8 
 67-7 
 69-0 
 67-8 
 68-3 
 
 clear, D 
 en, D 
 cu, cr-hz, D ... 
 ovt 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz, D ... 
 
 
 1 
 3 
 8 
 3 
 4 
 
 cu, hz 
 ou, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 en, cu-8t, hz ... 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 ou, cn-st 
 clear 
 eu, hz 
 
 ovt 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 8 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, cu-st, bz 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cn-st... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 6 
 5 
 7 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu-N-hor... 
 
 , 
 
 
 2 
 4 
 7 
 6 
 4 
 6 
 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 ovt 
 en, cu-st ... 
 cu, cn-st 
 
 5 
 6 
 8 
 
 3 
 8 
 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 fl-cu, cr-bz, nim... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz... 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 en, cr-h'z, D ... 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 en, hz 
 cu, cn-st, 
 
 cu, cr-hz, 
 cu,hz, D 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz, D ... 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz, nim 
 ny-clear, D 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 8 
 3 
 7 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz, 
 ny-clear 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 eu, cu-st, cr-cu.. 
 cu, cr-cu 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 3 
 4 
 2 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 ovt 
 en, cn-st .. 
 ny-clear -.. 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 8 
 2 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 cu... 
 
 4 
 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cn, hz .. 
 
 4 
 5 
 8 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cn, cr-st, hz ... 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 fl-cn 
 en, cu-st ... 
 en, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 6 
 7 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 
 ovt 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 clear 
 en, cu-st ... 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 ovt 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 en, cn-st ... 
 fl-cn, cu-st 
 
 en, hz, D 
 en, hz, D 
 cr-cn, cr-hz, D.. 
 cu, D 
 cu, hz, D 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 2 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 cu, hz, fg 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu,cu-8t,cr-hz, nim 
 eu, hy-cn 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz. 
 eu, cu-st, cr-bz.. 
 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu,. cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cu, cr-cu, nim ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 6 
 4 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-at, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 3 
 
 cu, cn-st 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz ,.. 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 clear 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 6 
 
 
 cu, D 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz, D . 
 cu, cr, hz, D ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz, D. 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz, nim 
 
 cu, cr-hz, D ... 
 
 3 
 5 
 2 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-en, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-cu 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 eu, cr, cr-hz, cr-st. 
 ca, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, hz 
 en, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz .. 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-st ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 se-cu, hz ... 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cn, er-st, hz ... 
 sc-cu, hz... 
 
 3 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 .USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 ||| 
 
 1 111 . i 1 1 1 -a 
 1 | 1 | | | I | | g, | -| | | 
 
 ' o 
 
 liliiJlilllllitiilllillri! 
 
 : * : - 
 
 *g r& : : ; aj 
 
 c3 o cj o H ""Q 'Q r 
 
 yjjyJJ 
 
 saJ.iN'^ifcl&g'lUiipHaN 
 
 i*J[iJii 
 
 
 44 
 
MADRAS, 1859 
 
 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
176 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 BAROMETKIC PEES SURE (Corrected) 
 Barometer at 32 = 29 English Inches + the number in the Table 
 
 Gottingen -, 
 Mean Time J 
 
 'Joon 
 
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 Daily and 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 b. m. 
 4.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. b. m. b. m. h. m, h. m. h. m- h. m. h. m. h, m. h. m. h. m. h. m. b, m. 
 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 1B.-I] 
 
 h. m. 
 
 20.41 
 
 h. m. 
 21.41 
 
 1) m. 
 
 22.41 
 
 li. m. 
 23.41 
 
 h. TO. 
 0.41 
 
 h. m. 
 1.41 
 
 h. m. 
 2.41 
 
 \i. m. 
 3.11 
 
 1 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 1 2 
 
 -> 14 
 
 fcH 15 
 
 % 16 
 g 17 
 
 E 18 
 
 4 19 
 ^ 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. 
 
 0-947 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In In. In. In. In. 
 
 + 0016 -0064 
 0-960 0'980 1'007 T025 1'036 1-023 T015 T003 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 111. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. ' 
 
 In. 
 
 0-984 
 987 
 952 
 965 
 972 
 1-005 
 
 033 
 033 
 034 
 021 
 009 
 027 
 
 046 
 025 
 0-983 
 976 
 1-014 
 012 
 
 0-984 
 1-000 
 0-960 
 962 
 1-010 
 025 
 
 0-986 
 990 
 
 0'982 0'957 0'951 0'956 0'969 0'980 T012 
 
 1-025 
 
 047 
 005 
 016 
 032 
 060 
 
 1-025 
 
 048 
 012 
 026 
 025 
 054 
 
 1-021 
 
 036 
 003 
 025 
 017 
 057 
 
 roos 
 
 004 
 
 0-965 
 1-006 
 
 002 
 034 
 
 0-957 
 964 
 935 
 972 
 983 
 
 1-010 
 
 0'931 
 
 941 
 902 
 936 
 961 
 
 978 
 
 0-929 
 
 920 
 896 
 905 
 945 
 960 
 
 0'9:io 
 
 926 
 894 
 913 
 943 
 959 
 
 941 
 932 
 908 
 919 
 954 
 983 
 
 973 
 993 
 981 
 972 
 970 
 1-007 
 
 949 -974 0-993 -013 -027 '025 '012 '000 -977 '950 -955 -971 '989 '999 -018 
 942 -957 -977 0'983 0-982 0-979 0-963 0-946 -935 -921 "914 -917 -942 -962 0-994 
 926 -944 -961 '987 -993 '989 '979 '968 -955 -939 -937 -946 '958 -971 -993 
 936 -957 '965 '982 -986 '979 -967 '962 '955 -944 -943 -952 '9/3 -982 1-008 
 968 -985 1-0" V040 1-047 ro42 ro25 roio -994 -974 -967 -971 '985 i-ooe -Q35 
 994 1-008 -045 "059 -066 '060 '054 '046 
 
 __ _ __ _ 1-027 1-005 1-003 1-012 1'025 -Q53 -Q77 
 
 983 -013 -044 -060 -062 '052 '043 '027 "013 0-995 0-999 -Q13 -027 -044 -070 
 1-005 -028 -066 -083 -076 -073 "059 -039 -029 1'OiB roos -Q12 -021 -042 -063 
 0-999 -012 -051 -064 -066 "047 '043 -005 0-999 0-990 0-988 0-996 -014 -020 -055 
 978 0-993 -015 -028 -029 -020 '004 0-990 -934 '974 -979 -994 -013 -025 -053 
 980 1-014 -037 -050 -055 -055 '052 1'046 1-027 roos -993 -992 -Q05 -035 -070 
 1-014 -032 -060 '069 -079 '070 '063 "048 
 
 103 
 094 
 085 
 
 081 
 067 
 085 
 
 099 
 101 
 083 
 080 
 076 
 081 
 
 075 
 094 
 075 
 068 
 066 
 066 
 
 055 
 067 
 046 
 035 
 046 
 056 
 
 014 
 040 
 007 
 009 
 012 
 013 
 
 989 
 
 1-009 
 0-978 
 
 984 
 981 
 991 
 
 968 
 985 
 969 
 960 
 958 
 987 
 
 963 
 987 
 967 
 957 
 960 
 984 
 
 024 0'996 -995 1-004 -034 -054 -091 
 
 114 
 
 066 
 025 
 022 
 068 
 069 
 
 117 
 076 
 032 
 029 
 070 
 064 
 
 105 
 060 
 023 
 020 
 061 
 055 
 
 083 
 034 
 000 
 006 
 045 
 034 
 
 053 
 003 
 
 0-968 
 
 981 
 
 1-015 
 
 004 
 
 1-021 
 
 0-970 
 946 
 959 
 991 
 966 
 
 989 
 948 
 932 
 949 
 977 
 :948 
 
 981 
 947 
 929 
 955 
 981 
 944 
 
 0-990 
 
 953 
 937 
 966 
 980 
 955 
 
 957 
 938 
 890 
 937 
 993 
 962 
 
 924 
 
 004- -020 -046 -065 -074 -070 '067 -038 -023 i'06 -998 -002 -010 -031 -045 
 
 0-970 0-982 0-998 -015 '026 '019 -004 0-985 0'974 0'969 -943 0'948 0'963 0'982 -(J07 
 
 951 -964 -982 0-991 0-998 0-993 0-992 -971 .QQi -948 -942 -947 -957 -965 -001 
 982 -997 1-008 1-015 1-029 1-023 1-027 1-002 -995 -935 -989 roo4 1-022 ro35 -Q56 
 993 1-007 -030 -044 -052 -039 -030 -010 -996 "978 -978 0-988 -Q02 -019 -054 
 
 962 0-968 0-992 -Qll '019 '016 '009 0-99? 
 
 ____ _ -973 -946 -945 -954 0-969 0-983 -008 
 968 -986 1-002 ,'010 -020 -017 -007 -982 -973 '961 -966 -981 i'002 rose -058 
 945 -959 0-981 0-995 -003 '995 0-980 -951 -945 -936 -928 -931 0-961 0-970 0-989 
 905 -919 -948 '996 '006 I'OOO -990 '975 -953 -928 -926 -934 -947 "972 -997 
 943 -969 -995 1'Oie -038 -033 i'026 roie 1-002 -985 -976 -977 -993 i'OH 1-082 
 997 i-ois 1-043 -054 -074 -068 -057 '036 -019 -999 -996 roo4 1-012 -032 -062 
 .QgQ 0-985 -007 -0 '037 -030 -06 -005 - 
 
 025 
 077 
 016 
 023 
 063 
 083 
 
 02G 
 073 
 020 
 025 
 076 
 078 
 
 019 
 061 
 000 
 018 
 076 
 066 
 
 010 
 
 027 
 0-970 
 
 999 
 
 1-064 
 
 041 
 
 0-986 
 
 999 
 944 
 969 
 
 1-044 
 
 007 
 
 955 
 957 
 906 
 935 
 rooe 
 0-974 
 
 941 
 939 
 886 
 919 
 979 
 950 
 
 939 
 933 
 884 
 920 
 981 
 948 
 
 ______ 0-979 -949 -943 0-947 0-981 0-984 0-994 
 930 -953 0-979 0-995 0-999 0'994 0'987 0"978 '972 '967 -969 -981 '992 1'016 1-083 
 
 015 
 062 
 
 029 
 064 
 
 021 
 
 054 
 
 009 
 031 
 
 0-973 
 1-007 
 
 945 
 967 
 
 920 
 954 
 
 927 
 
 945 
 
 Means ( 0-956 
 
 967 -985 1-009 -026 -034 -027 -018 -001 0-987 -970 -967 -974 -991 1-008 -034 
 
 055 
 
 057 
 
 048 
 
 026 
 
 0-995 
 
 965 
 
 947 
 
 946 1 1-000 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 S 12 
 S 13 
 
 fcH I 4 
 
 P3 15 
 
 3 16 
 
 t3 17 
 
 03 ** 
 
 S 18 
 g 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 
 0-946 
 973 
 973 
 969 
 987 
 
 1-007 
 0-966 
 
 941 
 915 
 939 
 976 
 
 937 
 940 
 985 
 923 
 946 
 962 
 
 927 
 871 
 907 
 924 
 925 
 883 
 
 892 
 
 0-005 0-062 
 0-954 0-978 1-011 1-031 T049 T048 T037 1-025 I'Oll 0'998 0'988 0'990 1-013 1'021 1'052 
 
 978 -984 -017 -043 -058 -063 -058 -052 -032 1-012 1-001 1-002 -023 -027 -061 
 981 i-OOl -021 -046 -059 -057 -045 -020 '007 0-994 0-989 0-996 -015 -025 '054 
 973 0-995 -016 -037 -045 -038 -029 -014 '001 '989 -994 1'012 -020 -033 -070 
 QQA roil -08 -0^3 -OW -Ofi2 -O.ll -018 
 
 1-078 
 072 
 068 
 092 
 
 1-095 
 
 074 
 076 
 101 
 
 1-089 
 
 059 
 065 
 095 
 
 1-066 
 
 046 
 043 
 074 
 
 1-038 
 
 018 
 021 
 052 
 
 1-001 
 0-991 
 
 994 
 1-020 
 
 0-978 
 
 972 
 963 
 
 988 
 
 0-968 
 964 
 952 
 970 
 
 1-019 
 024 
 019 
 026 
 
 045 
 044 
 008 
 0-982 
 974 
 1-013 
 
 012 
 0-993 
 1-030 
 021 
 0-978 
 1-006 
 
 004 
 0-955 
 947 
 960 
 973 
 966 
 
 944 
 928 
 
 -015 i-ois 1-010 -019 -033 -062 -094 
 1-016 -034 -055 -068 -086 -074 -060 -042 "036 '030 -022 -027 -050 -060 -073 
 
 0-978 0-991 -008 '031 -043 -035 "028 -009 0'995 0-982 0-983 0-996 -Q15 '023 -044 
 
 952 -962 0-985 0-999 -Oil -Oil -002 0-991 -973 '956 -954 -965 0-975 0-997 -Oil 
 920 -935 -964 -991 '003 -013 '994 -954 -944 '935 -928 -934 -954 -991 -013 
 952 -973 -996 i'0-3 -Q36 -031 i'24 1-015 1-007 -999 -986 -986 i'006 1-022 -Q48 
 983 -QQ8 T028 -Ofi2 -Ofifi -OfiS O e 12 -041 
 
 118 
 10] 
 068 
 027 
 046 
 073 
 
 132 
 103 
 067 
 042 
 057 
 080 
 
 125 
 
 094 
 057 
 033 
 042 
 078 
 
 100 
 059 
 025 
 010 
 010 
 058 
 
 061 
 029 
 
 0-997 
 
 985 
 988 
 
 1-039 
 
 035 
 0-997 
 968 
 948 
 957 
 
 1-001 
 
 rooi 
 
 0-973 
 
 946 
 931 
 
 944 
 975 
 
 1-002 
 0-963 
 
 938 
 913 
 936 
 971 
 
 -009 -978 -967 -968 0-995 -Q08 -037 
 944 -963 0-986 -008 -024 -028 '019 -005 0'997 -989 -966 -9S6 -971 -001 -030 
 951 -977 1-001 -030 -047 -044 '037 -030 i'024 roi9 1-012 rois 1-037 -Q63 -076 
 997 1-008 -041 -067 -080 -070 '062 -051 "030 "010 0-994 0-990 -Q04 -013 -050 
 
 931 0-944 0-968 0'990 -Q05 '002 ' 993 0'981 0'965 0'949 -946 '956 0'970 0'074 -Q08 
 
 952 -960 -997 1'014 -027 024 i' 018 i'008 i-ooo -992 -983 -987 i'004 1-017 -039 
 972 -Q77 -QQ7 -007 -032 -04,9 '030 -023 
 
 058 
 046 
 102 
 063 
 023 
 064 
 
 065 
 059 
 108 
 069 
 042 
 073 
 
 059 
 044 
 098 
 057 
 031 
 066 
 
 034 
 018 
 072 
 028 
 018 
 044 
 
 001 
 
 0-995 
 
 1-042 
 0-996 
 
 989 
 
 1-007 
 
 0-977 
 967 
 
 1-014 
 0-964 
 
 968 
 985 
 
 938 
 942 
 988 
 937 
 948 
 969 
 
 931 
 925 
 983 
 926 
 942 
 966 
 
 -. -009 '995 -987 -991 -016 -024 -042 
 931 -943 -957 -976 0'989 0-993 0-984 0-975 0-961 -948 -937 -939 0-946 0-970 0-989 
 881 -905 -932 '962 '973 -971 '970 -961 '946 -931 '925 -931 -955 '966 -973 
 919 -927 '944 -959 '978 -985 '973 -959 '950 '942 -930 -930 -951 -979 -999 
 936 -952 -978 -998 1'014 1-013 1'OOS -974 -953 -952 -943 -947 -962 -967 -993 
 930 -944 -962 -983 0-997 0-989 0-985 -971 -962 -953 -950 -959 -979 '992 1'008 
 
 8Q9 .Qfle. Q/n -OAfi '079 Qfifi 'QS7 'OAft . 
 
 062 
 004 
 0-996 
 1-017 
 015 
 022 
 
 063 
 008 
 009 
 023 
 024 
 030 
 
 045 
 
 0-995 
 
 998 
 1-017 
 
 018 
 
 on 
 
 022 
 
 0-969 
 
 975 
 995 
 1-011 
 
 0-972 
 
 0-984 
 
 936 
 951 
 968 
 970 
 954 
 
 956 
 896 
 929 
 940 
 938 
 923 
 
 931 
 876 
 914 
 920 
 921 
 890 
 
 922 
 862 
 899 
 921 
 915 
 883 
 
 -932 -914 -907 "913 -947 '961 0-983 
 903 -929 -956 -973 '983 -976 '964 -947 "931 "916 -910 '917 -926 -938 '949 
 
 007 
 0-974 
 
 028 
 
 0-969 
 
 018 
 
 0-954 
 
 983 
 925 
 
 945 
 896 
 
 915 
 867 
 
 892 
 835 
 
 888 
 831 
 
 Means j 0-942 
 
 951 -967 -991 1-013 -026 -025 -010 -0010-988 -975 -967 -972 -990i-ooe -029 
 
 050 
 
 058 
 
 048 
 
 023 0-994 
 
 965 
 
 941 
 
 932 1 0-995 
 
 * Tbe numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means, and the numbers at the head of them are corrections of interpolations. 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 177 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (Corrected) 
 Barometer at 32 =29 English Inches + the number in the Table. 
 
 (itittingen - 
 [can Time - 
 
 S T oon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1C 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 i 
 
 )ailyan< 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. 
 4.41 5.41 0.41 7.41 8.41 8.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 18.41 14.11 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 c 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. Jn. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 >0028 'OOG1 
 0-837 0-844 0-860 0'900 O'flOS 0'922 0'915 0'904 0'894 0'879 0'870 0'873 0'889 0'90G 0'915 0'94! 0'95(i 0'9GO 0'943 0'938 0'868 0'836 0'802 0'789 
 
 783 -790 -805 '823 "842 -850 '853 -847 -835 -825 -821 -822 -836 -848 -857 '889 -910 '919 -899 '881 '848 -817 -783 '779 
 783 -792 -803 '819 "841 -845 -838 -829 -818 -808 -804 -795 -799 -826 -854 -884 -887 '895 '878 '853 '829 '788 '769 '759 
 773 -787 -802 -816 -833 -840 -835 -828 -815 -806 -803 -800 -810 -833 "841 '865 -883 '892 "871 '830 '798 -767 '738 '736 
 
 7tU .7t;fi ."7170 -7QQ '81Q -84.0 -84. r > '8'W '898 . 
 
 in. 
 
 0-890 
 840 
 825 
 817 
 
 851 
 888 
 888 
 873 
 873 
 912 
 
 _ _ __ -838 -854 -853 -864 -885 -906 -929 -946 -947 -937 '903 '870 -833 "810 -809 
 822 -830 -859 "874 -894 -902 -909 -896 '877 -865 -859 -856 -866 '886 -923 -943 -964 -977 -967 '928 '897 -863 -835 -829 
 836 -847 -878 '898 '904 -917 -922 -902 '875 -867 -865 -867 -882 '903 '916 -943 -954 -948 '928 '898 '878 -841 -822 -812 
 818 -830 -847 -872 -892 '907 '898 -887 '876 -863 -855 -852 -862 '879 -900 -910 -930 -936 -924 "894 -865 '847 '812 '802 
 810 -821 -839 -860 -876 -886 -883 -876 "860 -851 -847 -845 -855 '886 -900 -920 '939 -952 -944 '918 -885 -849 -833 "822 
 829 -846 -864 -896 "917 '934 -931 -919 '905 -889 -879 -879 '892 '911 '943 -963 '988 '999 '983 '962 -922 '897 '875 '867 
 
 879 -CO! -OOQ '<M4. -0*13 'Q'lfi Q'SS -Q42 '917 - 
 
 2 
 
 s 13 
 
 oo 14 
 
 Z 15 
 S 16 
 
 pg 17 
 
 s is 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 2,7 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 -890 -868 -854 '852 '863 -869 -894 -914 -923 '911 -887 '852 -825 '790 '773 
 781 -789 -806 '837 -862 '875 '874 -869 '855 -842 -835 -832 "842 '852 -865 -900 -904 -913 '914 '896 '866 -842 '818 '818 
 820 -830 -852 '884 -896 '922 -922 -906 "890 -882 -879 -870 '873 '887 -908 '935 -960 -974 -967 '937 -904 '868 '846 '833 
 832 -843 -860 '895 -920 "942 -939-920 '903 -876 -855 -846 '849 -866 -895 '931 -953 -964 -952 -922 -885 '851 -815 -806 
 811 -822 -838 '870 -893 '926 '920 -910 '892 -874 -862 -854 '858 -881 -898 '937 -961 -965 '960 '943 -915 -892 '866 -861 
 862 -887 -904 -930 -967 '975 -970 -962 -935 -923 -917 -924 "943 -969 -985 1'Oie 1-025 ro44 ro40 1-012 -991 '952 -934 -917 
 
 .Q9Q .aQH 'CUQ -O77 'QQ9 'QQ8 1'OOS -QQ7 -Q8B . 
 
 887 
 854 
 894 
 888 
 892 
 958 
 
 991 
 992 
 982 
 988 
 974 
 965 
 
 976 
 957 
 964 
 965 
 961 
 
 -978 -973 -971 -981 '995 1W -036 -055 -054 -047 '022 I'OIO -984 -953 -947 
 952 -959 -977 '998 T028 1-04.5 -Q40 i'028 rooo -981 -967 -959 -964 '989 -001 -009 -042 -046 -032 '003 0-976 -951 -935 -924 
 936 -944 -958 -984 0-994 -005 -003 0'994 0'977 -957 -942 -945 '960 '969 0-998 -Q18 -042 -043 -039 '018 '993 -964 '945 '934 
 947 -962 -975 "997 1'019 -034 -029 I'OIO -997 -973 -955 '954 '965 '974 -994 -024 -041 -042 -031 "013 -978 -954 -930 '914 
 917 -946 -969 -994 '032 -041 -026 -000 -979 -961 -948 -942 "948 '957 '990 0-999 -Q18 -019 -Oil 0'990 -955 -935 -908 -882 
 891 -917 -931 -945 0-985 0-999 0-988 0-981 -973 -961 -954 -951 -960 '972 -983 -999 -023 -023 'Oil '994 -964 -934 '908 '895 
 Qm -Q9n -0^9 -Q7 r > -Qfifi -993 -Q93 '989 -981 
 
 -979 -982 -974 -978 -993 -997 1-020 -036 -043 -029 i-oos -976 -936 -901 -889 
 889 -894 -913 -946 -969 '978 '991 -980 "963 -945 -932 '933 '946 "953 -983 -000 -028 -034 -022 0-990 -963 -919 '907 '897 
 904 -912 -928 '946 '960 -992 "990 '981 -968 -950 -938 -940 -954 '970 -990 -027 -032 -032 -029 I'OOO -968 -935 -906 -889 
 894 -913 -928 -945 '970 -994 -986 -966 -937 -931 -931 -940 -961 '981 I'OOO -033 -045 -050 '041 -014 -976 -935 -897 '895 
 903 -912 -930 -963 -983 -991 '996 -993 -985 -964 -948 -946 -956 -967 0'987 -004 -013 '0'992 0-985 0-980 -946 -919 -903 '890 
 
 Means 0-855 '867 '885 -910 '931 -945 -943 -932 -916 -902 '894 '892 '902 -919 -937 -962 -980 -985 '974 -949 -918 '886 '861 -851 1 0-916 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 i 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 e 
 
 7 
 
 c 
 
 1C 
 ]] 
 IS 
 
 s S 
 
 00 1 r 
 
 - 1 Ic 
 
 h5 ie 
 
 1 1 i r 
 
 P3 1V 
 PH 16 
 
 "* 1 
 2C 
 21 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 24 
 
 2.: 
 2 
 27 
 2 
 2 
 
 -002G '0058 
 0-900 0-912 0-936 0'95G 0'978 0'998 1'003 0'985 0'954 0'937 0'925 0'921 0'929 0'940 0'950 0'979 0'990 0'988 0'977 0'948 0'920 0'898 0'885 0'880 
 CSS -8QO -Q10 Q'3'7 -42 -97S 0.900 -Q47 -041 
 
 0-945 
 
 908 
 889 
 897 
 889 
 887 
 879 
 
 900 
 880 
 848 
 857 
 869 
 888 
 
 818 
 788 
 810 
 815 
 802 
 803 
 
 772 
 772 
 804 
 836 
 849 
 846 
 
 - - - - - - -899 -862 -852 "854 -878 '902 -934 -942 '948 '939 '925 -888 -862 -864 -852 
 849 -859 -886 '907 -925 -915 "891 -885 '873 -863 -858 -857 -867 -898 '915 -927 '954 -949 '936 -924 '886 -853 '833 -831 
 835 -837 -856 -888 -922 -931 -942 -937 '924 -908 -897 -884 -893 -906 '920 '944 -949 -939 '925 -908 '876 -852 -834 -824 
 820 -829 -849 '879 -907 -913 '923 -918 "898 '888 -884 -881 '890 -895 '901 -934 -949 '947 '937 '926 '882 -844 '828 -819 
 810 -816 -840 -873 -910 -931 '931 -915 -901 -893 -890 '881 '884 '901 '923 -948 -962 -940 '910 -891 "860 -836 -821 -819 
 810 -819 -833 -858 -986 -900 -895 -889 -863 -852 -847 '849 -862 -876 -913 -948 -959 -956 -944 -922 '890 -853 -837 -827 
 831 '838 '849 '876 '902 -924 -928 -923 -913 
 
 1 - - - - - -900 -892 -890 "900 '922 '940 -978 -982 -970 '951 -901 '874 -852 -836 -820 
 816 -823 -842 -873 '888 '893 "891 -882 -871 -861 -857 -856 -866 -895 '926 -944 -950 '958 '946 -926 -884 -854 -820 -797 
 787 -788 -806 '825 -852 -857 '864 -847 '835 -829 -829 -831 '845 -853 '874 -906 -931 "922 '911 -892 '861 -834 -795 -774 
 787 -812 -838 '865 "912 '911 '904 -884 -860 -845 -836 -824 -823 -831 '858 '888 '902 "913 '907 '880 -860 '836 -808 -787 
 783 -797 -818 -842 -881 -900 '903 -901 '882 '869 -861 -854 -858 '872 '888 '916 '925 -924 '909 -901 -868 -840 '835 -829 
 826 -840 -851 -866 '891 -908 '914 -898 "880 '867 -860 -858 "868 '894 '924 -947 -951 '957 '948 '929 '895 -866 852 -831 
 829 -842 -851 '872 '889 -897 -901 -890 -882 
 - - -831 -785 -776 -779 '786 -797 -814 -834 -822 -815 -796 -764 -745 -725 -706 
 702 -722 -751 '769 '793 -818 -833 -820 '793 '780 -772 -773 '785 -790 -80S '833 '857 '839 -840 -825 '803 -756 -729 -719 
 725 -743 -774 '796 "826 -835 -833 -822 -812 '799 -791 -783 '787 -798 -820 -847 -881 -880 '872 '847 -824 -799 -778 -764 
 759 -770 -790 '824 '839 -843 -849 -838 '816 '796 -782 -780 -789 '800 '832 -852 -869 '864 '852 '851 '825 -798 -782 -768 
 756 -772 -795 '830 '849 -842 .838 -832 -822 '800 784 -772 -771 '796 -819 -841 -846 -851 '838 -810 '786 -756 -725 -714 
 745 -770 -797 '805 -827 -842 -836 -828 -818 '791 '769 -761 -765 '780 -812 -833 '849 -866 '876 -837 '795 764 756 740 
 752 765 783 791 "816 '823 -828 -825 '815 
 
 --------- 764 718 714 721 738 758 791 795 -807 796 774 769 752 727 716 
 735 741 749 757 769 798 -801 795 783 766 755 745 747 758 781 -803 '807 '811 '831 '813 775 757 725 724 
 735 758 785 797 '804 -824 -823 -811 796 787 784 774 776 785 799 '838 -855 -868 -870 '840 -824 -802 792 781 
 765 791 -819 -839 -852 -865 '856 -847 '837 '816 -800 -807 -826 '839 -852 "870 -892 -900 '893 '867 '841 -809 799 792 
 793 -808 -839 -859 '866 -893 -894 -879 '853 '841 -834 -825 -828 '832 '846 '875 '886 -905 -889 -872 '853 -828 -804 779 
 769 788 -812 -831 '843 "867 '860 '845 -836 '827 .824 -820 '828 '856 '885 '898 -917 '922 '898 '888 '859 -823 -805 793 
 
 Means 1 0702 -805 -826 -849 -871 -884 '884 -874 -858 -840 -828 -823 -830 "845 -866 -892 '905 -906 -896 -876 -846 -819 -800 -787 0-850 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means, and the numbers at the head of them are corrections of interpolations. 
 
 45 
 
178 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (Corrected) 
 Barometer at 32 = 29 English Inches + the number in the Table 
 
 Got tin gen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1G 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily am 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. li. m. h. m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 11.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 April 30 
 
 i 
 j 
 
 o 
 
 i 
 f 
 
 4 
 
 e 
 t) 
 
 6 
 
 tj 
 i 
 
 8 
 c 
 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 S 14 
 
 s S 
 
 % 17 
 S 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0029 .0*063 
 
 In. 
 
 0-872 
 859 
 834 
 803 
 809 
 793 
 
 802 
 801 
 756 
 714 
 717 
 749 
 
 760 
 753 
 789 
 794 
 751 
 723 
 
 748 
 755 
 735 
 749 
 759 
 774 
 
 696 
 656 
 635 
 
 0-861 0-857 0-858 0'872 0'891 0'902 0'930 0'945 0'942 0'925 0'911 0'874 0'845 0'826 O'SOl 
 
 793 -812 -831 -863 -882 '905 '902 '885 "868 -854 -845 -848 -863 -870 '890 -908 "922 '917 '897 -868 '833 -811 '786 -770 
 769 -780 -811 -834 -859 '887 "893 "880 -851 '840 "834 -830 -838 '844 -857 '872 '879 '877 "858 -845 "809 -780 '759 '735 
 741 -767 -780 -802 "816 '823 -812 -794 -783 -777 '777 '776 -787 -806 "831 -847 '891 '877 '862 -849 -808 -773 '753 '741 
 741 -767 -782 -802 "813 '829 -835 -824 -810 '798 -791 '789 -800 -818 '861 '880 '881 '863 '848 -831 -803 -771 '741 -737 
 741 -781 -790 -799 "829 '835 "836 '825 '798 -786 '779 -779 -792 -808 '821 '835 '829 -820 '811 '793 '771 '744 '722 '706 
 710 - 738 -767 '777 '805 '821 - 827 '822 '818 
 
 '804 -795 -795 .807 -829 '848 '865 '871 '858 '843 -821 -792 -763 '746 -730 
 737 -757 -780 '794 -826 '834 -836 '834 -827 -808 "795 -794 -806 '811 '838 '854 -862 -862 '840 -804 -773 -740 '716 -706 
 719 -760 -769 -783 -791 '797 -794 '779 -767 -753 '745 '743 -753 -765 -782 -795 '789 '791 -771 -747 -718 -700 '673 -656 
 669 -687 -710 '735 '749 '764 -761 '744 -729 -711 -698 '693 -701 -711 '741 -756 '758 '766 '738 -715 '685 -661 -632 -622 
 632 -668 -688 '720 -743 "749 -730 '729 .722 -706 -695 -697 -711 '737 "748 -756 -768 '768 '763 -741 -716 -690 '668 -654 
 663 -681 706 -758 -763 '778 -792 '768 -752 -742 '738 '734 -742 -760 -784 -794 "809 -303 790 775 751 717 "688 -680 
 674 703 722 739 755 780 790 787 '783 
 
 --------- 766 755 747 752 766 794 -811 '818 799 796 791 760 739 708 700 
 702 723 735 755 773 779 776 768 758 744 733 725 730 736 755 788 795 -808 791 781 758 744 717 700 
 698 713 730 743 779 '804 -808 "808 795 784 778 777 788 793 '812 -830 '851 -854 -846 -832 -822 791 759 745 
 740 744 770 783 -801 '823 -839 '827 -817 '806 '800 793 799 -806 -820 -836 '841 -834 -828 -805 769 746 722 709 
 712 706 720 737 773 776 792 783 756 749 747 746 758 766 778 -801 '801 788 775 760 742 712 -671 -666 
 667 -667 -673 708 727 739 750 746 742 722 708 708 721 739 763 778 781 779 765 741 709 -689 -672 -668 
 667 -682 714, 733 7 t > t i 770 -777 783 778 
 
 --------- 745 717 728 752 759 778 789 -801 792 776 772 756 733 708 -695 
 700 717 733 751 776 785 787 781 767 758 755 746 750 758 765 773 789 -801 784 774 753 729 -699 -681 
 684 -690 705 735 739 753 742 732 719 709 705 -696 -699 734 769 791 -810 -802 777 760 750 730 707 702 
 720 726 735 756 758 779 782 765 746 736 731 726 733 756 773 782 787 789 797 766 746 738 -693 -667 
 677 -683 709 734 757 777 783 773 756 744 738 745 765 780 798 -817 '827 -826 -807 792 774 741 714 -694 
 702 709 741 776 797 '818 -822 '812 -806 785 770 764 771 787 -806 -820 '828 -813 -803 795 764 734 700 -661 
 6fi8 -68fi 712 730 750 76fi 783 777 760 
 
 --------- 713 -672 -661 -662 -676 -682 704 714 714 -698 -676 -658 -639 -607 -593 
 618 -620 -632 '642 -667 -692 -698 707 -697 -670 -649 -638 -639 -649 -661 -671 -688 '691 '683 -660 -643 '621 -607 -591 
 594 -598 -617 '633 '661 -669 -678 -668 -651 -636 "627 -623 '631 -639 -645 -657 '660 -648 '657 -649 -631 -611 -583 -567 
 
 Means (0701 -718 -737 -758 -778 -794 -797 '788 -775 -760 '749 -747 '756 '770 -789 "805 '815 -810 -797 -780 '754 -729 -703 -688 0763 
 
 . 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 o 13 
 ra 14 
 ^ 15 
 
 g 16 
 i 17 
 P 17 
 
 t* 18 
 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 0029 -0048 
 0-573 0-581 0-599 0-620 0-636 0'659 0'6C2 0'G47 0'638 0'612 0'591 0'599 0'616 0-622 0'633 0'636 0'64S 0'661 0'C48 0'645 620 0'586 0'555 0-543 
 
 565 -582 -611 -619 -658 -671 '681 -677 '676 -668 -665 -669 -683 '696 -720 -727 '750 -756 -749 -739 -718 701 .682 -676 
 674 -688 -695 -721 -739 753 767 754 -747 723 705 702 709 727 748 754 760 752 739 722 -694 -665 -643 -634 
 K44, KA'7 -fi73 -fiQ2 711 -717 -797 -793 '719 
 
 0-618 
 681 
 717 
 
 702 
 725 
 704 
 683 
 680 
 685 
 
 682 
 707 
 733 
 762 
 775 
 776 
 
 747 
 758 
 799 
 796 
 777 
 766 
 
 782 
 774 
 748 
 735 
 747 
 
 -683 -660 -662 -674 '694 725 731 750 767 757 743 725 704 '677 -660 
 666 -677 707 726 743 758 765 759 751 737 729 727 -734 742 -748 752 764 756 743 '733 708 -689 '646 -641 
 637 -655 '679 703 723 737 748 742 733 710 '692 -686 -689 '697 710 -719 -732 '738 740 727 700 '680 '657 "651 
 642 -640 '677 709 714 728 722 705 '686 '666 '652 -646 -649 '670 '683 724 726 731 726 714 -675 -655 '638 "620 
 633 -639 -647 -673 -700 -716 '702 -688 -671 "663 '660 '659 -668 "675 '686 708 725 734 716 712 -700 -669 -641 '637 
 633 -643 -659 -690 703 719 742 736 707 '688 '675 -668 -671 '687 704 -717 722 724 711 "688 '661 -643 -626 '618 
 609 -619 -6V) -674 '696 -710 71 fi 717 70S - 
 
 _ _ -681 -659 -665 "681 '696 717 724 729 731 716 -696 -665 -647 .634 '628 
 634 -646 -666 702 716 727 732 724 718 700 '688 '682 -686 '711 736 -756 769 757 742 733 716 "692 '675 '665 
 660 -668 -675 -704 721 734 '743 -743 -719 708 702 -706 '719 740 768 795 "808 '804 "799 '776 755 734 714 '687 
 689 -705 728 765 780 784 '781 -777 -765 '750 741 741 751 756 778 -810 "831 '829 '80S -784 762 742 718 710 
 702 709 729 758 -801 794 792 787 768 759 756 759 771 791 '817 '832 '837 '836 '837 "803 768 758 731 715 
 702 713 732 758 791 788 770 755 750 750 756 766 -785 "792 "816 -834 -855 -840 '835 "820 795 763 740 720 
 731 73fi 7 t i4. 77fi -804. -80Q -fil ^ -807 -783 - 
 
 .738 '699 709 729 751 766 775 782 770 754 730 704 -682 '669 '663 
 666 713 728 740 757' 766 '789 775 760 745 735 739 753 768 '790 -807 -815 -811 795 785 766 745 725 724 
 705 733 746 782 -818 -826 '822 -803 780 768 761 765 779 '800 '828 '858 '867 '870 '860 '840 -815 795 '768 751 
 750 759 771 793 '810 -819 '818 -816 -811 799 792 785 -788 793 '817 '828 '845 -839 '828 '816 -785 -766 746 732 
 729 732 746 760 790 797 794 -782 -778 769 765 772 789 796 -820 '835 "840 -834 '814 787 '767 741 716 "698 
 698 -703 724 744 756 774 787 775 766 759 758 756 763 '774 '791 '816 '822 -832 '815 -794 -772 756 737 722 
 722 729 739 759 778 795 80 '807 "800 
 
 786 777 775 782 795 -821 '834 '849 '839 '819 '803 767 745 720 720 
 716 723 733 -758 784 -804 '808 -800 -795 774 759 -758 767 "784 -805 '824 -832 -828 '820 798 758 '741 "714 -702 
 698 -712 725 740 753 772 783 777 758 747 742 -735 737 747 777 788 789 782 774 756 740 721 702 -693 
 687 -697 709 725 738 759 764 761 741 733 730 718 -716 731 745 760 776 776 769 758 740 719 '696 -684 
 681 -682 -688 715 735 768 782 774 771 756 746 737 738 747 766 787 797 799 782 765 757 747 716 -698 
 
 Means | 0-671 '682 -700 -723 '744 -757 -762 -754 "742 '726 -715 -715 "724 -738 "758 -774 -785 "784 -773 -756 -732 '711 '688 -677 1 0733 
 
 .. * The numbers in these columns arc not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means, and the numbers at the head of them are corrections of interpolations. 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 179 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (Corrected) 
 Barometer at 32 c = 29 English Inches + the number in the Table 
 
 Guttingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily an< 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m, h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m, h. m. h m h m h m 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 8.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 19.41* 20.41 21.il 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 C 
 O 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 c 
 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 1Q 
 
 S 14 
 S iJ 
 
 tH 16 
 
 17 
 5 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. lu. In. In. In. In. In. In- In. 
 
 -0020 -00*35 
 0-691 0-699 OT11 0-744 0-760 0779 0787 0788 0779 0762 0749 0744 074G 0764 0790 0'817 0'836 0'839 0'808 0799 0778 0758 0721 0711 
 711 75 "733 -759 -787 -SOO -806 -803 '791 ' - - 
 
 In. 
 0-765 
 
 772 
 810 
 794 
 740 
 704 
 701 
 
 694 
 684 
 638 
 638 
 690 
 689 
 
 719 
 768 
 732 
 694 
 685 
 730 
 
 702 
 681 
 703 
 721 
 732 
 730 
 
 749 
 
 - -- -- -764 -740 -742 -750 "772 -786 -807 -817 '817 -801 '795 778 764 751 725 
 737 -747 -781 795 -816 '829 -839 "835 '826 '819 -815 -807 -806 "820 -833 -846 -854 '857 -846 -829 "815 785 764 750 
 748 757 -777 "803 -818 '835 '844 '834 -818 '802 790 795 -806 -817 '821 -831 '837 "816 780 778 768 756 718 -696 
 697 '698 706 723 742 759 766 757 750 743 740 736 738 748 -766 788 790 789 779 757 731 711 '681 -669 
 666 -672 -686 703 724 733 744 -734 731 714 701 -696 -698 706 -722 736 744 736 724 705 -681 -656 -642 -638 
 631 -643 '658 -680 719 727 737 733 721 706 -695 "688 -687 700 736 75 L 753 744 729 717 -696 '673 -655 -638 
 634 -647 -716 722 726 730 738 -733 724, 
 
 --------- 700 -680 -675 -676 '687 -698 701 734 726 711 706 -671 -659 -635 -626 
 634 -657 -682 700 -718 724 730 738 730 '691 -655 '655 -661 "644 -669 702 717 '690 729 705 -691 -652 -633 -613 
 592 -616 -631 -654 -659 '666 -640 -638 '633 "629 -629 -616 -610 '619 -638 -653 -677 '681 700 '673 -652 -610 -599 '591 
 590 -585 -601 '617 -636 '653 -658 -660 '650 "638 -630 '618 -612 '619 -641 -671 -683 -685 -687 '678 -653 -635 '619 '596 
 590 -600 -634 -682 701 726 742 752 725 703 -685 '680 -681 "689 -699 716 730 733 724 711 '693 -678 -654 -636 
 631 -639 -664 -680 704 713 728 723 721 702 -687 '681 '681 '691 -699 712 724 721 707 "698 -681 '661 '642 '636 
 631 '622 '64.9 '674 -6RO -729 7H -74 > -710 - 
 
 - 708 710 710 717 729 748 760 766 773 767 761 745 740 726 714 
 701 718 745 753 779 794 -817 '802 773 760 751 753 762 775 790 -815 '834 "828 -804 781 755 735 711 700 
 694 714 726 742 760 771 774 759 745 733 724 717 717 734 741 748 764 759 748 741 719 -695 -673 -664 
 665 -665 -676 '699 723 746 751 738 722 701 '683 '674 -671 '671 -689 706 723 708 703 711 '686 -667 -652 -629 
 619 "626 '654 '681 '701 714 702 -687 "675 -664 -657 '656 -662 -693 712 723 735 738 741 720 703 -685 '655 -641 
 641 -693 714 -728 735 744 749 736 729 721 717 717 724 746 770 '772 781 785 765 740 736 709 '687 '673 
 669 '684 71 fi 744 7^4 775 76 E > 750 -737 
 
 --------- 715 '696 -690 -691 -698 725 733 729 710 -693 '679 -646 '630 -610 -597 
 602 -618-637 -666 -685 708 715 705 700 -687 '677 '673 -675 '695 711 723 732 731 723 705 -677 "648 -638 -624 
 624 -636 -664 '684 '696 713 721 721 710 701 '695 '699 709 724 735 754 763 760 749 734 706 "691 '655 -639 
 638 -650 -668 '680 712 724 732 727 718 709 703 707 718 746 776 788 798 '806 781 768 725 702 -670 -655 
 653 '669 -680 712 736 761 757 751 746 736 730 731 739 756 781 789 795 793 776 745 725 -691 -657 -647 
 646 -661 '680 713 748 758 769 765 753 743 736 730 -731 738 757 783 786 783 768 739 715 '696 -666 -654 
 655 '675 700 '719 -743 76'i -789 -767 718 - 
 
 - -752 -749 745 747 752 775 791 '807 '803 -794 774 756 734 719 718 
 
 Means 0-G54 '666 -688 '710 -729 '745 '752 -745 -734 '719 -709 '705 -708 -720 -739 '754 -766 -762 -751 -737 '7] 5 -693 -671 -657 
 
 0-718 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 o 12 
 
 13 
 
 -H 14 
 
 EH 15 
 co lc 
 ID I 6 
 b 17 
 
 t> 18 
 < 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0016 -0030 
 0-713 0-731 0-753 0-779 0-807 0-834 0-855 0'847 0'841 0'823 0'809 0'803 0'803 0'825 0'851 0'859 0'875 0'877 0'867 0'850 0'828 0793 07/4 0762 
 
 750 762 778 798 '825 -850 -857 '849 '833 '830 '830 '824 '823 -838 '857 -875 '882 -884 "882 '862 '843 '815 798 783 
 774 776 -800 '823 '845 "857 -861 '858 '851 -846 -844 '831 '824 -837 -861 -901 '919 -914 -900 '880 '848 -814 785 770 
 771 779 785 -827 -844 -868 -869 -848 -827 "815 '807 "808 '815 -823 -848 "875 -901 -905 "891 "862 '828 -793 785 775 
 765 780 799 -829 -859 -869 -864 -850 -837 '818 '803 -798 799 -822 -851 -862 '864 -872 '855 '833 "814 -785 771 -766 
 764 770 785 -815 '837 '865 -876 -865 -853 
 
 0-815 
 830 
 842 
 831 
 824 
 
 856 
 860 
 828 
 807 
 788 
 769 
 
 758 
 748 
 705 
 666 
 676 
 732 
 
 714 
 703 
 726 
 743 
 735 
 762 
 
 754 
 765 
 746 
 703 
 
 --------- -847 -845 -848 "856 -874 -899 '920 "930 -928 "920 -891 "871 -842 -824 -811 
 809 -816 -839 -862 '876 -882 -893 -889 -883 -862 '845 -849 '858 -877 '881 "895 "910 -908 "894 -877 '842 -819 794 781 
 779 775 786 -816 -835 -853 -859 -850 -840 "828 -819 "822 '831 -855 -860 -875 '882 -876 -862 -845 -814 -787 -766 752 
 751 -762 -773 -802 '828 '836 -831 -826 -808 -792 '779 '779 '784 -787 -812 -841 -862 '861 "857 -84L -825 -806 -768 ,-748 
 752 -775 -792 -816 -831 '839 -844 -826 -811 798 788 774 763 772 -782 -803 '811 -811 797 788 775 747 -719 -699 
 697 703 728 774 790 786 -803 '791 778 '772 770 '756 "748 757 768 '807 -825 -823 '816 -&03 '778 -756 730 -706 
 696 '731 740 750 760 795 - 807 794 783 
 
 --------- 771 763 755 753 759 772 795 798 791 777 763 747 725 -693 -683 
 683 705 733 755 766 781 '814 -813 -803 774 748 738 734 742 769 775 794 789 774 754 721 -683 -658 -645 
 644 -659 -688 714 730 741 752 746 728 720 716 712 714 719 721 730 738 731 718 703 '680 -651 '645 -621 
 630 -645 -648 -671 '687 711 701 '688 -671 '658 '649 -655 -667 -681 -688 -690 -686 -688 "678 "662 '640 -634 -626 -628 
 621 -612 -628 -655 -678 '696 -711 710 -691 '668 '648 -650 -657 -680 -690 716 720 724 "704 -698 '690 -672 -659 -648 
 651 -685 -698 -720 736 '755 -760 747 -730 '711 "696 -697 -704 -716 733 763 784 -792 784 782 '770 752 715 -695 
 665 '680 710 734 754 782 788 777 766 
 
 --------- 722 -682 -683 -690 -701 -715 -743 752 747 730 -712 '689 -650 -632 -627 
 620 -646 -663 -691 716 730 -729 721 711 -696 '685 -680 -681 -697 '716 745 764 786 -770 745 '723 -681 -656 -629 
 625 -642 -671 -705 '736 -754 747 740 -730 718 710 -711 717 738 774 793 '800 -796 787 760 '739 701 -670 -664 
 666 '679 -692 715 -737 773 -782 -765 750 740 733 734 -741 749 -775 795 -808 -818 797 -774 749 712 -688 -671 
 673 '678 701 733 '753 -769 -771 -758 740 -728 719 -719 -724 736 745 769 -779 -789 778 -756 -732 -716 -694 -681 
 679 -684 703 727 765 787 779 774 768 762 760 761 768 773 794 -800 -834 -837 -821 -802 770 739 '716 -694 
 700 "711 724 746 770 788 -801 781 -763 
 
 ----- 755 750 743 742 746 777 793 -812 -810 789 768 735 -714 -691 -686 
 681 -692 717 734 761 -779 778 781 778 763 752 755 763 783 -803 -841 -851 "848 '826 792 758 731 711 -690 
 684 -691 715 761 791 799 785 771 755 750 748 742 742 768 790 794 -816 '804 778 750 710 -672 '651 -626 
 624 -630 -660 -698 733 730 724 713 -688 -677 -670 -675 -686 -706 728 -761 767 775 764 737 706 -695 -668 -658 
 
 Means 0-699 '711 -730 '757 '780 "797 '802 -792 -778 '765 -754 -752 -755 -769 -787 '808 '821 -822 '808 '789 '764 736 -714 -700 (0766 
 
 * The numbers in these columns arc not observed, but interpolated tor the sake of obtaining the daily means, and the numbers at the head of them are corrections of interpolations. 
 
180 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (Corrected) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Barometer at 32 = 29 English Inches + the number in the Table 
 
 Mean's Noon 
 
 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 
 
 1C 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dailyand 
 
 Madras 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. h.rn. h. m. h. m. li. m. h. m. h.ni. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. in. 
 
 h m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. in. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Menu Time 
 
 4.41 
 
 6.41 0.41 7.41 8.41 9.-U 10.41 llSl 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 18.41 17.41 18.11 10.11 
 
 20.41 
 
 21.41 
 
 22.41 
 
 23.41 
 
 0.41 
 
 1.11 
 
 2.41 
 
 3.41 
 
 
 
 In. 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 hi. 
 
 111. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 0027 '0057 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 0-660 
 
 0-670 0-685 0-717 0-733 0750 0757 0749 0719 0709 070G 0'G97 0702 0741 0772 O'SOS 
 
 0-821 
 
 0-823 
 
 0-814 
 
 0-789 
 
 0-7GO 
 
 0-728 
 
 0-704 
 
 0-696 0-738 
 
 2 
 
 706 
 
 723 741 761 779 -804 788 773 "753 745 742 '749 767 784 -804 -830 
 
 837 
 
 839 
 
 830 
 
 804 
 
 771 
 
 741 
 
 714 
 
 702; 770 
 
 3 
 
 700 
 
 713 724 748 775 788 788 786 772 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 4| - 
 
 _ _ _ -766 765 770 787 791 -809 -832 
 
 846 
 
 836 
 
 819 
 
 788 
 
 759 
 
 727 
 
 694 
 
 678 
 
 769 
 
 5 702 
 
 727 765 770 781 791 -811 795 781 764 753 760 778 793 -812 -836 
 
 846 
 
 843 
 
 828 
 
 797 
 
 763 
 
 732 
 
 706 
 
 709 
 
 777 
 
 6 
 
 714 
 
 728 741 771 797 .-815 -b24 '820 799 790 786 793 -812 '816 -835 -851 
 
 862 
 
 857 
 
 844 
 
 822 
 
 793 
 
 762 
 
 739 
 
 731 
 
 796 
 
 7 733 
 
 761 770 791 -815 -833 -831 '819 797 789 787 796 -816 -831 -856 -878 
 
 888 
 
 884 
 
 859 
 
 830 
 
 790 
 
 758 
 
 720 
 
 714 
 
 806 
 
 8< 727 
 
 733 746 -775- -804 "823 -816 '807 788 779 775 773 782 78(! -814 -833 
 
 842 
 
 843 
 
 830 
 
 803 
 
 766 
 
 737 
 
 719 
 
 710 
 
 784 
 
 9 707 
 
 722 744 -773 793 '813 '806 '800 787 777 773 -769 -777 793 '812 -841 
 
 860 
 
 859 
 
 844 
 
 818 
 
 779 
 
 750 
 
 729 
 
 723 
 
 785 
 
 10 -735 
 
 757 767 783 -fcl5 '839 '849 '838 '818 _-__-__ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 11 - 
 
 - -818 -823 -831 '851 '855 '884 '904 
 
 920 
 
 920 
 
 901 
 
 870 
 
 835 
 
 808 
 
 783 
 
 777 -833 
 
 So 12 -777 
 
 780 -801 -823 -849 -861 -866 '853 '842 '822 -807 -810 '824 '836 -860 '882 
 
 882 
 
 883 
 
 862 
 
 826 
 
 791 
 
 772 
 
 747 
 
 733 i -825 
 
 13 -731 
 
 752 770 783 -801 '821 -827 -810 788 771 760 763 '778 798 -826 '822 
 
 833 
 
 830 
 
 810 
 
 781 
 
 749 
 
 718 
 
 696 
 
 677 
 
 779 
 
 14 -708 
 
 709 725 763 -811 '813 -831 790 766 758 755 755 766 '823 -830 '844 
 
 846 
 
 828 
 
 816 
 
 793 
 
 760 
 
 739 
 
 712 
 
 697 
 
 777 
 
 pq 151-696 
 
 706 771 789 -803 '825 -816 -808 789 773 762 760 769 "793 -806 -813 
 
 827 
 
 819 
 
 810 
 
 784 
 
 754 
 
 729 
 
 712 
 
 693 
 
 775 
 
 & 16 725 
 
 727 760 781 799 '819 '831 '814 794 776 764 769 -785 "807 -816 "828 
 
 840 
 
 838 
 
 828 
 
 798 
 
 768 
 
 740 
 
 727 
 
 719 
 
 786 
 
 g 17 725 
 
 730 760 779 -806 '826 '821 '829 '814 ------- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PH 18 
 
 
 
 ------- -809 -810 -813 -827 '852 -860 '873 
 
 890 
 
 887 
 
 869 
 
 834 
 
 811 
 
 787 
 
 764 
 
 745 
 
 813 
 
 W in 
 
 02 
 
 757 
 
 783 -803 -824 -851 '869 -872 '864 '850 -839 -834 '843 -864 '871 -876 '890 
 
 903 
 
 912 
 
 898 
 
 873 
 
 829 
 
 799 
 
 763 
 
 760; -843 
 
 20 
 
 770 
 
 785 -812 '832 -861 '873 -872 '860 '843 '836 -834 -827 'ir32 -848 -883 "905 
 
 902 
 
 901 
 
 885 
 
 861 
 
 828 
 
 804 
 
 777 
 
 773; -842 
 
 21 
 
 772 
 
 784 -808 -837 -869 "884 '891 '888 '872 -855 -844 '844 '856 '877 -903 '911 
 
 936 
 
 926 
 
 916 
 
 874 
 
 854 
 
 815 
 
 792 
 
 789 -858 
 
 22 
 
 795 
 
 798 -819 -850 -877 '889 -886 -862 -844 '834 '830 -823 '828 '857 -&70 "888 
 
 900 
 
 893 
 
 877 
 
 849 
 
 822 
 
 797 
 
 778 
 
 769 
 
 843 
 
 23 
 
 770 
 
 785 796 -830 -858 '873 '863 -853 '835 -824 -819 -816 '825 '829 -851 '879 
 
 888 
 
 887 
 
 875 
 
 849 
 
 818 
 
 792 
 
 769 
 
 758 
 
 831 
 
 24 
 
 754 
 
 776 791 -818 -851 '862 '857 '843 '826 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 -------- -830 -839 -829 -831 -850 -873 '902 
 
 928 
 
 931 
 
 924 
 
 893 
 
 859 
 
 837 
 
 813 
 
 812 
 
 847 
 
 26 
 
 816 
 
 831 -836 -866 -883 '894 -889 -870 '857 -845 -838 '826 '826 -839 -863 '873 
 
 877 
 
 885 
 
 888 
 
 875 
 
 840 
 
 766 
 
 747 
 
 743 
 
 845 
 
 27 
 
 747 
 
 755 768 -789 -809 -824 -827 -810 796 777 764 760 -768 -789 "801 "823 
 
 839 
 
 863 
 
 867 
 
 835 
 
 799 
 
 753 
 
 711 
 
 699 791 
 
 '28 
 
 702 
 
 718 -743 -766 795 -804 -802 -791 770 751 738 741 756 779 799 '825 
 
 837 
 
 848 
 
 834 
 
 807 
 
 799 
 
 768 
 
 740 
 
 724 777 
 
 29 
 
 743 
 
 753 765 785 '802 '809 -815 '807 796 774 758 749 752 779 '806 '837 
 
 858 
 
 869 
 
 848 
 
 829 
 
 796 
 
 774 
 
 738 
 
 732 
 
 791 
 
 30 
 
 738 
 
 750 776 -820 -831 '841 -835 -824 798 -772 -751 751 763 792 -806 '839 
 
 846 
 
 851 
 
 830 
 
 808 
 
 781 
 
 742 
 
 719 
 
 713 
 
 791 
 
 Means 1 0735 
 
 748 769 793 -817 -832 -834 -822 -804 -792 -785 -785 -797 -816 -836 -856 
 
 867 
 
 867 
 
 854 
 
 827 
 
 795 
 
 764 
 
 739 
 
 730 0-803 
 
 
 
 -uu37 -UU47 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 0727 
 
 0'7-tG 0'77-t 0'770 O'~')l 0'70 1 (V"07 '795 0'*"SO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 _____ 0741 0-700 0703 0716 0-729 0758 0783 
 
 0-796 
 
 0-791 
 
 0768 
 
 0734 
 
 0713 
 
 0-005 
 
 0-627 
 
 O'lilo 
 
 0-743 
 
 3 
 
 617 
 
 634 '668 -686 702 726 728 725 -699 -686 -679 -679 -688 705 736 754 
 
 767 
 
 757 
 
 727 
 
 711 
 
 684 
 
 651 
 
 635 
 
 623 -694 
 
 4 
 
 644 
 
 660 720 721 734 731 735 733 713 -697 -689 -688 -697 731 749 774 
 
 787 
 
 791 
 
 778 
 
 748 
 
 721 
 
 697 
 
 672 
 
 675! 720 
 
 5 
 
 689 
 
 711 735 781 -805 '802 -817 '813 794 776 766 767 776 786 '806 -825 
 
 838 
 
 843 
 
 828 
 
 .791 
 
 759 
 
 726 
 
 717 
 
 720 
 
 778 
 
 6 
 
 736 
 
 775 "786 -805 -820 -841 -839 -833 '821 '804 794 791 798 '813 -833 -846 
 
 854 
 
 867 
 
 839 
 
 819 
 
 791 
 
 768 
 
 743 
 
 741 
 
 807 
 
 7 
 
 745 
 
 755 776 -807 -825 -835 -828 '819 '801 789 785 783 791 '801' '823 -843 
 
 857 
 
 858' 
 
 838 
 
 805 
 
 774 
 
 757 
 
 728 
 
 72<; 
 
 798 
 
 Q 
 
 744 
 
 '7t~t4 '777 '^1 S J^'-i'i 'fi^ r *ft ~\f] '^4.'-! '8^Q 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 9 
 
 1 *^ 
 
 - -834 -847 -853 -869 '885 -911 -925 
 
 945 
 
 945 
 
 918 
 
 892 
 
 863 
 
 842 
 
 848 
 
 842 
 
 855 
 
 10 
 
 840 
 
 859 '893 -913 -925 -933 -929 '921 '901 '888 -883 -883 -893 '904 -924 -934 
 
 948 
 
 951 
 
 927 
 
 904 
 
 881 
 
 856 
 
 838 
 
 &d3 
 
 898 
 
 11 
 
 842 
 
 863 '883 -894 -911 -920 -917 -914 -892 '880 -875 -876 -886 '901 -924 -938 
 
 944 
 
 945 
 
 923 
 
 892 
 
 872 
 
 840 
 
 824 
 
 817 
 
 891 
 
 12 
 
 821 
 
 829 '851 -864 -893 -9U7 -908 -886 "873 '861 -856 -850 -854 -866 -896 -909 
 
 911 
 
 913 
 
 891 
 
 869 
 
 843 
 
 813 
 
 795 
 
 795 
 
 865 
 
 2 13 
 
 796 
 
 810 '833 -862 -881 -892 -898 -886 '865 -854 -850 -849 -858 '899 -925 -933 
 
 950 
 
 945 
 
 924 
 
 890 
 
 860 
 
 836 
 
 808 
 
 802 
 
 871 
 
 S 14 
 
 807 
 
 820 '843 -872 -899 -909 -906 -900 -895 -877 -866 -859 -861 .868 -888 -907 
 
 917 
 
 908 
 
 889 
 
 866 
 
 836 
 
 803 
 
 804 
 
 781 
 
 866 
 
 03 15 
 
 789 
 
 797 '825 -844 -873 -884 -880 -875 -871 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 H 16 
 
 
 
 - -828 792 793 -803 '832 -849 -871 
 
 877 
 
 875 
 
 848 
 
 830 
 
 806 
 
 779 
 
 766 
 
 764 
 
 831 
 
 O ^ 
 
 770 
 
 780 -806 -832 ;846 -855 -850 -835 '829 -815 -808 -813 -827 '837 -864 -880 
 
 895 
 
 894 
 
 868 
 
 832 
 
 808 
 
 784 
 
 767 
 
 765 
 
 828 
 
 H 18 
 
 777 
 
 793 -821 -837 -846 -864 -867 -854 -838 -826 -821 -821 -830 -850 -858 -860 
 
 878 
 
 871 
 
 847 
 
 827 
 
 785 
 
 762 
 
 751 
 
 743 
 
 826 
 
 19 
 
 745 
 
 769 787 -805 -824 -841 -846 -839 -825 '809 -800 -801 -812 -836 -864 -889 
 
 898 
 
 884 
 
 864 
 
 842 
 
 816 
 
 787 
 
 774 
 
 767 
 
 822 
 
 20 
 
 779 
 
 784 -812 -829 -851 '847 -839 -850 '840 '840 -847 '847 -857 '877 -900 '923 
 
 943 
 
 934 
 
 917 
 
 875 
 
 846 
 
 812 
 
 802 
 
 801 
 
 852 
 
 21 
 
 811 
 
 826 '844 -867 -884 -887 -893 -884 -875 '865 -863 -865 -877 '909 -926 -936 
 
 948 
 
 940 
 
 925 
 
 894 
 
 866 
 
 840 
 
 827 
 
 829 
 
 878 
 
 22 
 
 847 
 
 '873 '892 -920 -936 '952 -955 '950 '948 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 
 -------- -933 -926 -921 -926 '940 -964 -977 
 
 993 
 
 994 
 
 966 
 
 931 
 
 903 
 
 870 
 
 863 
 
 859 
 
 927 
 
 24 
 
 864 
 
 881 '891 -916 -937 -942 -937 -933 -925 '914 -910 "908 -916 '945 -967 -995 
 
 1-013 
 
 1-010 
 
 991 
 
 954 
 
 936 
 
 901 
 
 887 
 
 881 
 
 931 
 
 25 
 
 895 
 
 909 -923 -947 -971 -983 -979 -973 -962 -951 -948 "947 -956 '968 -993 1'OOG 
 
 029 
 
 .031 
 
 1-014 
 
 981 
 
 959 
 
 943 
 
 915 
 
 927 
 
 963 
 
 26 
 
 934 
 
 947 '972 -995 1'OlG 1-022 1-023 1-018 -995 '976 -964 '954 -953 -962 '977 0-997 
 
 012 
 
 004 
 
 0-993 
 
 969 
 
 943 
 
 925 
 
 910 
 
 922 
 
 974 
 
 27 
 
 927 
 
 935 '959 -989 -015 -015 -055 '037 -989 "963 -944 '948 .962 -961 -981 -991 
 
 013 
 
 007 
 
 986 
 
 967 
 
 939 
 
 915 
 
 900 
 
 894 
 
 978 
 
 28 
 
 90S 
 
 928 "944 -979 0-988 0-993 0-986 0-978 -954 -943 -940 '939 '947 -961 -981 row 
 
 .-047 
 
 048 
 
 1-031 
 
 993 
 
 962 
 
 938 
 
 918 
 
 908 
 
 968 
 
 29 
 
 906 
 
 '919 '944 '972 -978 '088 -Q87 -'I83 -978 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 -946 -922 -925 -938 '948 "976 0-992 
 
 on 
 
 017 
 
 0-997 
 
 982 
 
 956 
 
 935 
 
 926 
 
 932 
 
 961 
 
 31 
 
 948 
 
 960 '990 1-016 1-027 1-028 1-019 -988 -959 -944 -937 -940 -953 -977 I'OOO 1-013 
 
 046 
 
 044 
 
 1-033 
 
 1-020 
 
 996 
 
 976 
 
 962 
 
 933 
 
 989 
 
 Means | 0-804 
 
 820-844 -867 -885 '894 -895 '887 -872 "855 -817 -846 -856 '873 -895 -912 
 
 928 
 
 926 
 
 905 
 
 878 
 
 851 
 
 824 
 
 808 
 
 804 1 0-866 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means, and the numbers at the head of them are corrections of interpolation*. 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 181 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (Corrected) 
 Barometer at 32 = 29 English Inches *f the number in the Table 
 
 Gottingen 
 
 Mm i" Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ]4 15 ]6 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 ")aily and 
 Monthly 
 Meana 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. li 111 h m h. in. li 111 \\.rn. li. m. li. m. h. m. h. m. li. m. li. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. li.ra. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.11 5.41 B.41 7.41 8. -11 9.11 10.41 11.41 12,-il 13.41 14.41 16., 1 10.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 ] 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 s !! 
 
 22 i* 
 
 tf 13 
 K 14 
 
 S 15 
 8 16 
 > 17 
 
 g 18 
 ^ 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 In. lu. lu. In. lii. in. In. lu. in. lu. lu. In. In. I.i. in. iu. lu. in. in. In. In. in. In. In. 
 
 0-947 0-051 0-955 0'983 0'998 I'OOl I'OIO T004 0'979 0-909 0'959 0'955 0'952 0'983 0'993 1'OIS 1'031 1'020 0'986 0'955 0'923 0'903 0'888 0'888 
 
 892 -901 ~922 -940 -957 0'962 0-955 0-933 -923 -90S -893 -895 -898 -907 "930 0-943 0-963 0-960 -935 -910 -889 -877 "866 "865 
 "872 -874 -84 -903 -910 -921 -925 -914 -897 -877 -857 -870 -883 -895 "911 '933 -958 -974 -971 -951 -932 -893 '860 -860 
 866 -877 -8:->8 "921 '947 '.957 -953 '951 -933 '920 '906 -903 -yuO -928 -957 -980 -999 -999 '974 -949 '930 '906 -895 "893 
 
 iG1 -O-JO -.Oe^) .G7tl -QO7 V005 1'OUQ -Q^l 
 
 In. 
 
 0-969 
 918 
 905 
 931 
 
 935 
 920 
 953 
 947 
 926 
 926 
 
 937 
 927 
 914 
 860 
 845 
 874 
 
 867 
 863 
 860 
 901 
 878 
 850 
 
 851 
 
 842 
 837 
 847 
 
 _ _ . __ -944 -916 -905 -895 '903 912 -934 -948 -966 '972 -946 -936 -899 '870 -864 -867 
 872 '882 >S98 -925 -948 0-nso 0-945 -934 -916 -894 -885 -878 "894 -919 -936 -955 -977 -979 -966 -937 '920 -900 -874 -882 
 904 -925 -955 -981 -991 '993 -989 -975 '947 -930 -917 -921 -921 -933 -961 -985 l'005 1-009 -992 -967 '938 "916 "900 -907 
 924 -937 -9:>2 -904 '985 '989 -983 -968 '947 -934 -928 -919 -933 -946 '960 -977 0-996 0-990 -980 -961 -927 '892 '870 -867 
 -878 -885 -909 '929 -9i6 -960 -956 '947 -930 -900 '893 -897 -908 '928 '940 -966 -981 '988 -970 '944 -915 '884 '874 -885 
 -889 -901 -923 -9oO '969 "977 '963 -947 -923 -905 "898 -895 -904 -914 "939 -962 -977 "978 -958 '934 -920 -881 '869 -856 
 
 C71 -GO 7 'Ql K -OQ r v '0(^*3 *Qft7 O'Sfi 'Q^4. - 
 
 -966 -944 -930 -926 -938 -954 -967 -980 -989 -995 -968 "939 '908 '883 '876 -874 
 880 -896 -922 -948 '960 '977 -982 -949 -921 -914 -890 -885 '900 -909 '927 -949 -960 -980 -968 -947 -917 '900 '882 -884 
 896 -905 -928 -947 -962 -964 -957 '948 -917 -902 -889 '884 -882 '386 -893 -915 -948 -948 -941 -937 -914 "877 -842 -848 
 851 -874 -893 '921 '925 -926 -914 -906 -877 -833 '839 -826 -817 -837 '855 -860 -864 -887 -883 -842 -827 -798 '789 -803 
 796 -807 -839 '860 -885 '887 -876 -876 -830 -805 -803 -820 -824 -841 '848 -869 -899 -905 -898 -874 -843 "805 '797 -798 
 -810 -837 -880 -900 -907 "909 -906 '896 -863 -842 -631 -825 -847 -866 -890 -908 -938 -933 -927 -897 -869 '845. "826 -824 
 OAn -QM .can -GO> -on -Q17 -Q19 'QfH - 
 
 _ _ -838 -821 -804 -822 -841 -861 '878 -897 "916 -932 -922 -888 "854 -819 '794 -812 
 813 -827 -857 '889 -898 '905 '893 '885 -854 -842 -854 -832 -845 -863 '875 -905 -910 -914 -904 -875 -850 '814 -803 -803 
 813 -836 -867 -883 -896 '904 '894 '889 '869 -843 -825 -821 -834 -844 -865 -880 -905 -906 -891 -875 -841 "814 -809 -827 
 848 -866 -'892 -927 -946 -953 '939 '920 -905 -891 -877 -874 -866 -889 -910 -933 "958 "958 -950 -919 -871 "851 "843 -838 
 850 -860 -883 -905 -916 -923 '913 '895 '881 -861 -841 -838 -856 -868 -885 -905 -927 -929 -909 -889 -858 "839 '825 '819 
 825 -83S -851 '876 -889 -895 '885 '868 -839 '828 '607 -815 -818 -836 -846 -857 '883 -$95 '883 -882 -859 -831 '808 -796 
 
 Qlfi .QO7 -Q-3Q -e^ 'S8J. '8Qn '8Q-1, "8^8 - 
 
 _ _- '863 -834 -819 -815 -827 -839 '860 -889 -910 -902 -892 -864 -839 -819 -794 -800 
 '804 -807 -831 '838 -872 -883 "887 -867 '842 "811 -804 '812 -815 -839 '863 -S79 -896 -903 -888 -869 -829 -801 "784 -780 
 794 -804 -832 -857 "865 '872 -871 '864 -835 '821 -802 '801 -817 -831 '843 '863 -893 -895 -885 "855 -815 '794 -791 -790 
 -799 -801 -832 '851 -886 '898 '889 '879 '854 '831 -823 -829 -833 -846 -864 -896 -912 -896 -884 -857 -823 -794 -771 -778 
 
 Means | 0-853 -869 "892 -914 '932 -938 "933 '920 "896 -876 -865 -861 -872 -837 -905 -926 -945 -948 -934 -910 "881 '854 -838 -840 0-896 
 
 1 
 .2 
 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 <3 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 ea 11 
 o 12 
 13 
 
 1 14 
 B 15 
 S 16 
 W 17 
 J8 
 O 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 2B 
 3C 
 
 0-800 0-80^ 0-817 0'862 O'SSl 0'890 0'888 0'876 0'357 0'845 0'834 0'831 0'313 0'840 0'855 0'8S5 0'903 0'910 0'900 0'882 0'853 0'828 0'815 O'SIO 
 
 823 -841 -835 -885 -908 -919 -912 '90S '890 -861 -S5S -S41 -S50 -882 -,893 -918 -942 -943 -922 -901 "879 "849 "817 "847 
 
 Qt;Q .Q7& -Q^Q OX1 Q'Ll -Q^H -Q'3,1 -Q9J. 
 
 0-853 
 
 883 
 
 884 
 876 
 918 , 
 958 
 965 
 965 ; 
 
 1-023 : 
 029 
 017 
 028 i 
 036; 
 057 ; 
 
 035 
 012' 
 0-997 . 
 1-008 i 
 026 i 
 040 
 
 "019 
 0-990 
 990 
 971 
 972 
 970 
 
 ___ -876 -866 -857 -848 -853 -869 -880 -904 -924 -925 -917 -891 -857 -825 -808 -803 
 806 -820 -845 "871 '894 -908 -912 -904 -890 -861 -856 -852 -857 -866 -905 -920 -942 -945 -926 -895 -859 -833 -823 -825 
 840 -848 -881 '910 -924 -932 -931 -918 '902 -890 "885 -897 '911 '926 -954 -974 -993 "997 -982 "953 -921 "898 -882 -883 
 891 -903 -927 '954 -982 '988 -980 '967 -948 -932 -916 -929 -941 "957 -979 1W 1'028 1-028 l-oio -992 -960 -941 -921 -915 
 926 -938 -950 '976 -989 -999 -990 '977 "972 -955 -945 -937 -947 -952 -973 -002 -024 -035 -018 "983 -951 -918 -902 -900 
 916 -934 -951 '961 "986 -996 -990 '984 '074 '958 "950 -941 -947 '957 -971 '000 '013 '027 -003 '982 -952 '934 -919 -917 
 '930 'D'"l "969 '987 l'"12 i'02i 1'"19 i' m ? 
 
 1-035 1-023 1-007 1-009 I'Oll T025 T055 -Q78 '100 -106 "084 1'064 T048 1'012 -997 -993 
 
 998 1-003 i-ou 1-041 -062 -077 -068 "056 '040 -017 -004 -001 -007 -028 -037 "061 -078 -081 '066 '044 -008 0-985 -953 -961 
 968 0-D84 0-998 -025 O43 "050 -044 -039 -022 -000 0'985 0-988 O-OOG -Q05 -030 '056 "072 '077 -061 '029 -002 -987 -969 -972 
 977 -998 1-018 -039 '056 '061 -056 '036 -015 -002 -995 -991 f004 -Q12 -038 -061 -084 -034 -066 -050 -029 l'020 -992 -989 
 997 1-J07 -023 -036 -064 -.079 -075 '059 -033 -015 1'OOS -993 -003 "Oil "036 -060 '086 -085 -077 -054 '033 -009 1'005 1-009 
 1-020 -041 -051 -080 -093 '098 -095 -087 ; 073 -056 -035 1'030 -Q29 "048 -059 "080 '095 -099 '087 '067 -039 "010 -003 0-999 
 mi -non -n^^ 'C\i& -rifiK -1 01 -1 no -07Q 
 
 -025 -014 -000 0-981 0-902 -006 -032 '066 -078 -084 -065 -043 -009 0-987 fl'963 -957 
 0-970 o 979 0-995 -Q14 "037 "042 -033 -015 -002 o-O'JS o-98i -976 rooo -014 -036 '059 -086 -078 -061 -037 -085 -972 -951 -948 
 954 -967 -983 '002 -Oil '018 '018 '012 0-992 -981 -965 -958 fJG7 0-989 -004 -032 '053 '060 '046 -024 0-997 -979 '958 -951 
 i-955 -969 -990 -013 -029 '039 -032 '028 1'OiG roos -977 -980 :989 '995 -016 '034 -062 '061 -057 -032 V003 -982 -965 -955 
 I -969 -978 -998 -019 -04.3 '052 -049 "047 '035 -021 vooi 1-002 -996 roio -039 -065 -089 -092 -075 -058 -020 rooi -985 -975 
 978 -991 1-012 -044 '060 '067 -061 '053 '047 '036 -018 -009 roic -024 -053 "084 -108 "102 "090 -067 -034 -014 1'OOS -995 
 !rou r i i'0i<i .n^7 -C\RI -non 'OQ? -non -081 . 
 
 _ __ -052 -004 0-981 0-079 0-978 0'99i -Q04 "030 -043 -052 -043 -020 0-991 0-959 0-943 -941 
 0-052 0-963 0-978 0-995 -Q09 '012 '000 0'997 0-992 0-977 -961 '955 '967 '983 -003 -025 -046 -054 -045 -018 -986 -962 -941 -935 
 939 -956 -979 1'one -026 -031 -025 1'005 rooi -981 -967 '961 -964 -968 0-075 -Q03 -032 -051 -033 -015 -999 -967 -941 -945 
 953 -962 -976 0-905 -Q03 -002 0-994 0-981 964 .950 -934 -933 -948 -954 -979 '002 -018 '026 -013 0-088 -962 -.938 -911 -910 
 927 -944 -958 '981 o-yoo -009 I'Oio -998 '971 '962 -954 -953 -961 -970 -983 -007 -018 "027 -014 '986 -956 -930 -910 -909 
 | -920 -943 -956 -979 -994 -003 "'994 -983 "963 -955 -950 -936 -948 -965 -986 -009 -027 -033 '022 -989 -962 -938 -914 -915 
 1 
 
 Means 0-934 '948 '966 -990 l-oo;> -017 "012 -001 o-ass -968 -955 -950 '958 -971 -991 roic -036 "041 -026 "002 0-974-949-932 -92910-932 
 
 * Xke numbers ui these .coluiauSAre nat observe J, bat interpolated lur .tlie sake ut' obtaining tue claiJy uieaui. 
 
182 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 DRY THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 7 
 
 
 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Guttinfren 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22 '23 
 
 
 
 
 Dailyaml 
 
 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Madras 
 
 b, m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. li.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m 
 
 Menus 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 8.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 8.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 10.il 20..J1 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 l.-il 2.41 3.41 
 
 
 
 * * 
 
 * 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 O 
 
 i 
 
 777 76-2 75-5 74-8 74-8 74'6 72-4 69-6 687 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 72-1 75 5 75-4 75-3 75-3 75-2 77'3 78'5 791 801 80'3 79'8 79'5 78'6 78'6 
 
 76-0 
 
 3 
 
 78-5 777 77-0 77'2 771 771 76'8 76-5 76'3 76-3 76'3 76'2 761 76'0 76'0 761 76'3 777 781 78'3 78'5 771 77'3 76'8 
 
 77-0 
 
 4 
 
 76-2 761 76-0 75-9 75'6 76'0 75'8 75'8 75'6 75'5 75-4 75'2 75'0 75'3 74'8 77'4 78-4 79'3 80'3 80'8 81'8 80-8 807 80'4 
 
 77-3 
 
 5 
 
 79-4 786 777 77'4 77'2 76'8 76'8 76'4 761 757 75'4 73'9 72'4 72-4 72-4 74'4 791 80'3 79'5 791 80'2 S1'2 80'5 79'5 
 
 77-2 
 
 6 
 
 79-0 77-3 76-5 761 757 75'4 75'8 76'3 76'5 76'4 76'3 75'4 74'4 73'4 73'6 74 6 74'6 76'3 78'9 75'3 75'5 75'2 75'3 76-5 
 
 75-8 
 
 7 
 
 76-8 76-5 76-3 76'2 761 75'3 75'2 74'5 75'0 747 74'5 73'9 73-2 73'4 75'6 76 3 77 4 77'3 78'8 79'8 79'6 79'8 79'5 78'9 
 
 76-4 
 
 
 
 777 77-0 7fi 4, 76-2 76-0 76-2 7VQ 7 r >- c > 74,-S 
 
 
 C 
 
 9 
 
 _ _ 73-9 73-1 72-5 71-8 70'6 71'4 72'4 75'4 77'9 78'5 801 78'8 79'2 78'5 78'0 
 
 757 
 
 10 
 
 77-4 761 75-4 75'3 74'6 74'4 74*0 73-4 72'9 72-5 72'2 707 691 68'6 67'9 71-4 76'0 77'3 78'3 791 79'6 79'2 78'4 77'6 
 
 74-6 
 
 11 
 
 771 75-5 75-3 75'0 74'4 74'0 73'6 71'4 71 '4 711 70'8 70'0 69"! 677 66'6 69'4 72'5 75'5 77'2 78'5 79'4 791 79'3 791 
 
 73-9 
 
 12 
 
 78-2 761 75-3 73'8 73"3 72'9 71'9 71-0 70'6 704 70'3 70'2 701 70'6 71'0 73'2 75'5 77'5 78'3 791 80'4 79'9 797 79'3 
 
 74-5 
 
 1 13 
 
 78-6 771 761 75'8 75'5 75'3 74'8 74'4 731 71-5 69"9 69'8 69'6 69'3 69'4 70'9 73'4 77'3 79'8 79'3 78'3 78'3 78'0 77'5 
 
 747 
 
 -H 14 
 
 76-9 761 75-3 75'3 74-9 74-6 741 73-4 72 1 70'9 698 69'6 69'4 68'4 68"7 707 73'6 76'5 78'3 791 791 78'8 78'2 77'6 
 
 74-2 
 
 fM 15 
 
 767 76-2 75-4 75'3 74'8 74'8 74'6 73'9 73'9 - 
 
 
 
 cd ifi 
 
 n . , _ __ > . _ 74*9 76'0 75 '7 75 '3 75 '3 75 '6 76'4 78' 1 79*5 79 '8 80'3 81*3 79 - 8 79'0 79*0 
 
 *T'*7 
 
 P*^ J-U 
 
 S 17 
 
 78-0 76-5 761 75'6 75'6 751 747 74-4 74'2 741 741 73'8 73'5 73-2 73'3 75'5 76'8 77'3 791 79'3 79'8 79'5 78'9 781 
 
 761 
 
 g 18 
 
 77-3 76-4 76'3 75'4 75'3 75'3 75'3 74'4 74'3 73-8 73-4 72-2 7Q-9 68"6 68'9 70'5 74"2 77'0 78'6 78'6 801 79'3 787 78'5 
 
 751 
 
 5| 19 
 
 77-4 76-3 75-5 751 74'3 74-3 741 73-9 71'4 69-0 66-6 65'5 64'4 64'2 64'4 68'6 73'6 76'5 77'6 79'0 801 791 79'0 781 
 
 73-2 
 
 * 20 
 
 77-3 76-3 75-3 75'3 751 75'0 74'9 74-6 74'4 74'2 741 73'4 72'6 71'2 70'4 75'2 77'3 78'3 78'3 78"7 79'3 80'3 78'9 78'3 
 
 75-8 
 
 21 
 
 77-2 76-0 75-5 75'2 74'6 74'2 747 74'6 737 73'0 72'3 721 71'9 71'6 71'4 731 76'3 781 78'6 791 79'8 801 79'5 79'2 
 
 75-5 
 
 22 
 
 78-4 76-2 75-4 74'4 72'2 70'6 70'2 70-0 69'4 _ _ _ 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 67-2 65-0 647 64'3 63'6 64'2 67'6 72'2 751 76'8 78'2 78'3 787 77'9 77-3 
 
 72-0 
 
 24 
 
 76-9 751 737 72'3 71-0 687 67'2 657 65'4 64'9 C.4'4 64'0 63'6 63'4 641 67'5 7L'6 75'2 781 79"5 78'8 781 781 77'5 
 
 71-0 
 
 25 
 
 76-4 75-3 73-6 72'3 717 68'4 67'2 66'4 6,V4 64 9 64-4 63'5 62'6 62'4 61-6 65'6 71'6 74'4 76'8 77'6 781 78'5 78'4 777 
 
 70-6 
 
 26 
 
 761 74-4 731 72'5 69-0 682 671 6.V9 05"4 64'3 63'2 fi3'4 63'5 63'9 62'5 64'9 71'2 73'4 757 77'3 78'5 78'9 78'2 78'2 
 
 70-4 
 
 27 
 
 76-5 74-8 72-3 71'4 69'8 687 68'2 68'2 67'9 67 5 67'2 66'9 66-6 65'4 64'9 68'4 72'4 76'3 77'5 78'6 79'5 79'3 80'2 791 
 
 72-0 
 
 28 
 
 777 761 74-2 73'3 72-3 70'6 70'4 68 9 681 677 67'4 67'3 67'2 67'3 66'4 67'8 73'4 76'2 791 791 791 801 79'6 79'6 
 
 72-9 
 
 29 
 
 73' 76'3 75' 73'4 7'0 70'6 69'4 69' 6S'6 
 
 
 30 
 
 _____ 68-6 68-6 67-9 671 67-4 67-4 70'9 74'9 77'3 78'3 79-3 79'8 80-9 81-0 79-5 
 
 73-4 
 
 81 
 
 78-3 76-6 757 73'6 72'0 69-6 691 68'4 67-4 671 66'8 66'2 65-6 64'9 657 69'9 74'4 767 787 78'9 801 80'0 80'5 79'4 
 
 727 
 
 Means 
 
 77-5 76-3 75-4 74'8 741 73'3 72'9 72'2 71'6 71'2 70'9 70'4 69'8 69'4 69'4 71'8 74'9 77'0 78'4 78-9 79'4 79'3 78'9 78'4 
 
 | 74-4 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 1 
 
 77'8 75-6 74-2 73'6 70'6 69-1 68'4 67'8 66'9 667 66'6 65-5 64'4 651 65'4 69-9 73'6 761 777 78'3 79'3 78'6 79'0 787 
 
 72-0 
 
 2 
 
 77-6 75-4 74-4 73'6 707 70'5 70'3 69'9 69"4 69'5 69-6 69'4 69'2 69'0 68'4 711 74-4 78'2 79'3 81-8 81'2 81'5 81"0 80'2 
 
 74-0 
 
 3 
 
 78-9 77-6 76-3 75'9 74'5 71'6 71-4 71'4 71-4 711 70'9 70'3 697 69-4 68'6 71'6 74-6 77'5 79'9 81'3 81-5 81'5 821 82'0 
 
 75-0 
 
 4 
 
 80-4 78-2 75-9 74'8 741 73'4 72'6 71'9 69'9 68'6 67'3 687 701 701 70'2 72'0 73'4 75'3 78'0 81-2 82'3 83'5 82'6 81'6 
 
 74-8 
 
 5 
 
 80-3 78-8 76-9 74'0 72-6 71-1 70-4 697 69'2 ^ 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 68-7 68'2 68-2 68'2 67"6 67-3 71'5 76-1 801 80'3 80'8 81-3 81'3 81-5 807 
 
 74-4 
 
 7 
 
 79 7 78-3 77'4 77'0 76'5 76'2 75-9 75-3 75'3 74'2 73'2 72'8 72-4 71-2 71-2 73'6 77'8 80-3 82'5 82'8 83'3 837 83'0 81-9 
 
 77-3 
 
 8 
 
 80 8 791 781 77-5 771 76-6 76'6 76'6 76'3 75'3 74'4 74-5 74'6 74-8 75'0 76'9 791 82'3 82-5 84'3 84'9 84'5 83-5 82-2 
 
 78-6 
 
 9 
 
 81-6 80 1 79-2 78-5 78'4 78-3 77'8 77'3 76'5 76'3 761 76'0 75'8 75'6 75"6 761 78-3 81-5 82-9 84"3 841 84-5 84-6 84'3 
 
 79-3 
 
 10 
 
 82-3 80'4 791 791 78-4 78-3 77'3 761 74-3 74'2 741 73'8 73-4 727 72'5 761 79-4 82-3 82-7 83'3 85-2 85'0 83-9 831 
 
 78-6 
 
 11 
 
 81 5 80-4 79-4 787 78'5 77-8 77'6 77'4 77'3 77"3 77-3 77-2 77-0 77-0 77-3 78'3 80-6 81-5 821 831 841 83'8 83-3 82-2 
 
 796 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 82-2 707 79-0 78'5 78-2 77-8 77- r > 77-^ 77-1 
 
 
 "* 10 
 
 co 13 
 
 . 75-2 73-4 72-5 71-6 71'4 721 747 78"3 80'3 83'3 84'3 83 3 841 83"5 82'6 
 
 78-2 
 
 14 
 
 80-9 79-4 78'2 77'6 77'2 76'3 7ol 73'4 73'5 73'3 73'2 72-9 72'6 71'4 71'3 74'6 78'5 80'8 831 83'5 84'3 83'5 83-2 82"5 
 
 77-5 
 
 H 15 
 
 81-2 80-2 801 80-0 79'2 76-8 76'5 76'2 75'3 74'6 73'9 73-3 727 72'0 71-8 75'2 78'5 80'5 82'5 82"3 82'8 83'0 82'6 82'2 
 
 781 
 
 2 16 
 
 81-5 79-5 78 6 77'9 77-4 77'2 761 75'5 75'0 73-5 721 71-9 71-6 70'9 70'6 73'4 771 79'5 82-2 84'0 84-6 84'4 83-5 83'2 
 
 77-5 
 
 P 17 
 
 821 801 78-5 77-6 771 76-5 76'0 75'5 75'3 73'9 72'6 721 71'6 70'6 70-4 73'9 77'3 79'3 81-6 82'S 831 82-6 82-3 82 3 
 
 77-3 
 
 18 
 
 81-5 801 78-6 77-3 76 3 76-3 75'0 73'4 707 70'8 70'9 70'8 707 70'6 70'0 73'3 77'3 801 81'2 81'5 82'5 82'6 82-1 82"3 
 
 765 
 
 19 
 
 80'8 78'5 77'6 76'9 76'2 751 73'4 73'0 71-4 
 
 
 N 20 
 
 697 681 67-4 66-6 66'4 66'6 70'9 761 78'6 811 821 83'9 847 84'3 84'0 
 
 75-6 
 
 21 
 
 82-5 79'5 76-6 74'3 72-4 71'9 71-4 70'2 69'2 68-4 67'6 67-1 6t5'6 66'2 66'3 71'2 75'5 79'2 81'3 82-5 831 83'5 831 82'6 
 
 747 
 
 22 
 
 81-8 79-4 77-2 76'2 75'5 75-4 75'1 741 71'4 71'0 70'6 69-9 69'2 67'9 68'6 73'2 77'5 79'6' 81-3 82-3 82'4 841 83'8 83'4 
 
 76-3 
 
 23 
 
 82-0 79-9 78-5 77'3 76'6 757 75'3 74-6 741 73'8 73'6 72-5 7V3 71 '6 72-4 765 81'3 82-6 84"0 84'9 84-6 84-5 84-2 84'0 
 
 781 
 
 24 
 
 82-3 811 80-0 79-4 79'3 79'2 79O 78'6 77'5 77'3 771 75-8 74'4 73'4 72'9 77'3 81'4 82'8 84'5 84'5 84-8 84-9 84'6 84'2 
 
 79-9 
 
 25 
 
 83-5 81-4 801 79-5 79-4 79-0 78-5 78-5 78-2 77'8 77'4 76'0 74'6 73'9 73'6 76'5 80'5 81-2 83'8 84'3 85'4 86-5 85'8 85'2 
 
 80-0 
 
 26 
 
 84'5 8-3 80'6 80' 79'S 79'3 79' 78'S 7S -0 
 
 
 27 
 
 __ __ 74-8 71-4 71-3 711 70-9 71-6 75-3 79-8 82-3 84-2 84-6 853 85-5 85-3 84-7 
 
 79-2 
 
 28 
 
 83-5 81-4 79-3 78'2 771 76'9 747 73'6 72-6 72-5 72-4 71'9 71-3 711 70'4 74"9 79'3 82-2 847 85-8 85-6 86'3 85'6 84-5 
 
 78-2 
 
 Means 
 
 81-3 794 781 77'2 76'4 757 75'0 74-4 736 72-9 72'2 717 71-3 70'9 70'8 741 777 80'2 81'9 82'9 83'5 837 83'3 827 
 
 I 77-1 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily mciius. 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 18:3 
 
 DRY THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 7 
 (Corrected to tlic Kevv Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Glottinpen 
 Menu Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 ]8 19 2U 21 22 23 
 
 lailv :rni 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 -Menu Time 
 
 h m. li m. Ji. m. )i.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. li. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h.in. li.m. li.m. h.m. h.m h. m. h. in. li. m. h. m. li. TII. h. in. li. m. li. m. 
 4.41 5.41 (1.41 7. U H.41 9.41 Id. H 11. H 12.41 13.41 11.41 15.il 18.11 17.U 18.11 19.11 2(1.11 21.11 22.41 2:i. U 0.11 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 f? I 2 
 22 13 
 
 w 14 
 
 15 
 
 a 16 
 
 ^ 17 
 rt 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 # * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 83-3 81-0 79-2 787 78'0 77'3 76-5 75'6 74-9 73-7 72-6 71-9 71-1 70-7 70"G 75-1 79'3 S2'3 84-3 84-8 85-5 85-3 S4'9 84-0 
 83-4 80-9 791 78'3 77'5 76'6 761 751 73'4 72'0 7G'6 70'5 70'3 70'0 70'5 75-5 81'0 831 83-8 85-1 86'8 85'9 85-1 84'0 
 83-3 81-2 797 79-3 79'2 79-1 78'6 78'3 76-5 76-4 76'3 7G1 75'8 75'5 75-2 S0'5 83-1 86-3 884 88'9 88"! 88'3 87'3 86'3 
 84-8 83-2 81-7 8O9 80'9 80'4 80'0 79'8 79'3 78'5 777 77'6 77'4 77"2 77'5 82'1 85-1 881 89"3 90'3 89'3 88'9 87'9 87'1 
 RVO R'>- r , Rl-7 Rl-9 80-9 KO-5 80-4 804 80'2 - 
 
 O 
 
 78-4 
 781 
 81-2 
 
 82-7 
 
 82-5 
 81-9 
 81-2 
 80-9 
 807 
 81-0 
 
 81-2 
 82-0 
 81-9 
 81-5 
 80-8 
 79-9 
 
 791 
 79-6 
 794 
 
 81-2 
 83-8 
 83-0 
 
 831 
 83-1 
 
 82-7 
 83-5 
 S4-0 
 
 787 77-3 76-9 76-5 76'3 77'3 811 83'8 87 5 89'G 89'8 001 88-4 86-7 86-4 
 85-2 82-4 81-3 81-0 80-3 80'1 79-6 79-1 77'8 77-1 76'5 76-2 75'8 75"5 J6'2 79-4 82'3 8G-3 87'5 90'3 89"2 89'3 89-0 87-5 
 85-3 83-3 817 80'9 80-3 80-1 79-3 7'3 77-3 76'5 75'8 75-4 74'9 75-3 761 79-1 82'8 85-5 86'3 87-5 87'3 87-1 87'0 86-2 
 84-0 82-3 811 80-3 79-5 79-4 78-8 78'5 78-3 767 75-2 74-9 74'6 74'9 75'3 78'0 83'1 8G'2 87'2 87'G 87'3 8G-5 87'0 85-4 
 84-5 81-6 80-6 79-5 78'8 777 77-5 77'3 76'3 75'9 75'5 75-3 75'0 74'8 74'6 78'9 821 85-5 87'8 881 88'2 87-4 86'G 86-3 
 84-6 82-4 811 S0'3 797 79'6 79'2 78"3 77-6 76'9 76-3 754 74-5 74-4 75'5 78-6 83'3 84'9 86'3 871 87'6 86"6 87-2 86'5 
 ci-'j on -i cn-7 Rn-'} 7Q-4, 7R-fi 7R-'^ 77'(i 77''^ - 
 
 75-8 74-3 74-2 74-0 737 74'4 77-8 82'0 861 89'5 91-3 90'6 89-5 89-9 87'8 
 85-9 83-3 81-5 80'5 80l 79-3 78'5 781 76'3 75-7 75'2 75-1 74-9 74-6 75'5 80-5 85'3 88'5 90'3 92'3 91-1 90'1 88-5 86-9 
 85-8 83-3 81'2 80-3 80-1 78'8 78-3 78'3 78'8 77'5 76-3 75-9 75-5. 74-6 75"2 78-1 81-3 85'8 88'5 91'2 93-5 90'2 88'6 88-1 
 86-5.83-4 81-3 80-8 801 79'6 79'3 78'6 76'3 76-0 75'8 75'6 75'3 74-6 75'3 78'6 83-2 85-3 88'3 91'3 901 88'S 8G"5 86'i 
 84-2 82-4 81-2 80-5 79-8 79-4 78'8 78'5 781 77'6 77'2 76'8 76'3 74-6 75-1 79'5 83-5 84-3 857 85'3 86-3 86-9 84-4 83-2 
 82-2 80-5 79-5 79-3 78'3 77-5 76'9 76-7 76'0 75'3 74-6 74'0 73'3 73'6 74'2 77'8 82-1 85'3 86-3 86'5 86'9 86'4 871 86-2 
 c '47 00 4 C 0'5 77'6 76-2 75-5 75'2 74'4 73-9 
 
 73-2 72-5 72-1 71'6 71'5 72"9 76'5 81-7 84-.S 86-3 87'4 S7'3 86'8 87-1 86-2 
 84-7 82-6 80-4 79'0 77-4 76'5 75'5 75O 73'5 73'4 734 73'3 731 72'3 72-9 77'1 81'3 84-1 87-2 87'9 88'3 88-1 877 86'5 
 84-8 82-5 80-8 79-5 77-4 76-1 75-3 74-7 737 73'0 72-3 72'2 72-1 72-4 73-3 77"3 81-8 847 85-6 871 87"3 88-1 867 86-2 
 84'8 83-5 821 81-4 81-0 79'6 78'8 77'8 76-3 75'9 75-5 75'4 75-3 75-1 75-6 791 81-8 84'5 86'3 87- 1 87-5 86'3 89'0 88-3 
 86-7 84-5 83-5 83'2 82'8 82'5 82-0 82'0 80'3 79'8 79-3 78-7 781 77"9 80'0 83'3 86-3 89-3 90'5 89'3 90'6 87-9 85'6 87-1 
 86-6 84-3 83-2 82-5 82-1 81'3 807 80'2 79"3 78'8 78'3 77'4 76'5 76-4 76'8 81'7 85'6 87'3 90'2 881 89'3 89'9 88'2 87'7 
 85'9 84'3 83'0 82'4 81'6 8T3 80'7 797 79-2 
 
 78-9 787 77-8 76-8 77"5 77-3 811 84-6 86-3 89-3 89-1 89'8 91'3 89-6 88'3 
 87-5 84-7 83-0 81-6 81-3 80'6 804 79'9 79'5 78'8 781 77'6 77-0 76'3 7G7 81'5 86'3 88'3 89'3 90-3 897 89-6 88'6 88'5 
 867 84-4 83-2 82'5 82'0 81'2 80'8 800 78'9 77'9 76-9 76'6 76-3 75-7 76'8 811 843 86'8 881 89' I 89-5 89'3 88-5 87'3 
 85-6 84-0 83-0 82'3 82-2 81'8 81'6 811 80'8 80'0 79'3 78'8 78'3 771 77'6 83'3 85'3 871 88'3 88'5 88-3 91'3 900 89'5 
 87-1 84-7 83-4 82-8 82-6 92-4 821 81-9 Sl'5 81-3 811 80'9 807 80'5 81-3 83'5 86'0 87-1 89'3 87'8 87'3 87'3 86-5 861 
 
 Means |851 82'9 814 80'6 80-0 79'4 78'9 78'3 77'5 767 76'0 75-7 75'2 74'9 75'5 79"5 83'3 86-0 87'8 88-5 88'6 88'2 87'5 86-7 | 81-4 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 S 13 
 
 2 u 
 
 J 15 
 
 3 16 
 
 g 17 
 <i 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 
 O*3 
 
 84-7 837 83-2 82'8 82-5 82'3 82'5 80-1 79'8 79'8 79'8 797 79 G 79'3 81'5 83'3 85-1 86"5 881 87'3 88'3 87-0 864 85'5 
 05.0 og.g go. 5 go. 5 82'2 82 J 81'9 81 8 81'5 
 
 83-3 
 
 83-1 
 
 82-7 
 85-2 
 85-6 
 85-0 
 85-1 
 
 84-2 
 85-4 
 85-5 
 85-9 
 85-2 
 84-8 
 
 85-2 
 85-7 
 85-9 
 84-2 
 84-3 
 83-0 
 
 82-4 
 81-3 
 81-8 
 83-6 
 83-8 
 841 
 
 Rl-1 ROS cn-0 RO'Q Q1 -H Rl'l 7Q-f! S^-^i QR-^ R7-h RR- K , R7-3 R7-T R/l-t R/t' 1 
 
 83-4 82-3 82-3 817 81-5 81'5 80-5 80'3 79-8 79'3 78'9 787 78'5 77'9 79-5 81'5 84-2 84'3 87'3 884 88'3 884 88-2 88'2 
 867 84-6 837 83-4 83'3 831 82-8 82'3 82-2 81-5 80'8 80'6 803 79-5 81-0 83'8 87'5 89'5 92'3 92-1 924 91-1 90'8 90-2 
 87-5 85-9 85-3 85'2 84-1 83'8 83'3 831 831 827 82'3 81-3 80-3 80'3 82'0 83-5 87'3 89'5 90'8 91'8 91-5 90'2 901 88-7 
 86-5 85-8 84-3 84'3 837 83'3 831 824 82'3 81'5 80'8 SO- 1 79'3 791 801 86'0 87-3 88'3 89'8 90-3 90'8 91-0 90-5 901 
 87-5 86-2 84-6 83'9 83'6 83-2 83-0 82'5 80'9 80'6 80'3 79-7 79 1 79'5 80'8 86'8 88'3 894 91'3 90'5 90'6 90"2 90-2 89'5 
 87'4 ^5-7 85'1 84'-l 83'3 82'9 82'6 8 0- 3 8'0 
 
 7Q.Q 77. Q 77-fl 77-A 7fi.f; 7S-7 Ql .Q QA.-K. QQ-fi QO-^ 8Q-^ RQ-/1 O1 -A, Q"\^ QfH 
 
 87-6 86-0 81-3 83'5 83'5 83'2 82'5 821 82'1 81'9 81 '8 81-2 807 78'5 811 84-2 87-8 901 91'3 91-8 91'5 91'3 90-5 90-1 
 88-2 86-6 85-0 84'3 83'5 83'3 83-3 82-8 82'2 81-5 80'8 80-0 79'2 791 80-5 85'6 88'8 911 914 92'2 92-1 91-5 90'2 89'8 
 884 86-2 85-2 84'3 83'3 83'3 83-3 827 82-Q 81-6 81'3 80-8 S0'3 793 80'5 84'5 89-1 90'3 907 93'7 94'3 93'3 92-8 91-3 
 88-5 86-3 84-6 84-5 S4'2 837 83'0 827 82'3 81'5 80'8 79-7 78'6 77'8 80-5 85'4 85'5 89-1 90'3 91-8 91'8 91-7 91'2 89'3 
 88-6 874 86-2 83-6 83'6 83-3 82'8 82'0 81-5 797 77'9 77'7 77'5 77"3 79 5 83'5 86-1 89'3 91"3 91-8 92-3 91-9 90'8 89'6 
 94. %7 851 841 83'6 83'3 83'0 81'0 80'6 
 
 804 80-3 79-8 79'3 78'5 821 85- 1 S6'8 90-9 91-3 914 91'0 91-3 911 88"9 
 887 87-3 85-3 85'1 846 83'S 831 82'5 821 814 80'7 802 79-6 791 811 85'1 87'1 88'8 91'8 92-6 93'3 92'5 91-1 89-0 
 87-3 86-3 85-1 84-9 841 83'6 83'2 831 84-1 834 82-8 81-5 80-2 79-6 81-5 861 86-5 90-3 91'3 921 92-3 91-8 90'8 901 
 89-3 87-2 85-3 847 83'3 817 80'3 78-2 78'3 78-2 781 77-5 76-8 763 79-5 844 87'3 887 904 911 91'3 90'5 9L1 91-3 
 89-5 88-8 85-o 84'3 83'5 82-1 80'3 80'1 79"2 78'2 77-3 77'0 76'6 75-8 78-3 S3'3 861 87'8 90'3 9-2-0 93-0 93'3 91'5 89-5 
 87-3 861 84-7 84'2 82'8 82'5 82'5 81'9 8P2 807 80-3 80' 1 79'8 80-1 831 84'8 85'1 861 81'3 80'8 84'0 84-5 S4'G S4'6 
 R^-R R<Vfi R' 1 !-^ S'^-'-i 82'7 82-5 8'2'9 R2-T Rl-1 
 
 24 
 2S 
 26 
 27 
 2 
 2 
 
 81-1 81-2 807 801 79-3 80-8 S3'0 864 861 85'3 84-3 84-0 SO'O 79-5 79-2 
 792 80-8 80-5 80-0 80'2 80'3 80'2 80-1 79'3 791 78'9 784 77'S 77-4 78"2 79-3 80-9 83'0 85'3 87-3 88'2 86'3 86-2 844 
 83-0 82-2 81-2 81-2 807 80'3 80'2 78'6 78-3 78'1 77'9 77-8 777 80-0 8V9 83'8 85-3 81/3 86-5 86'6 84-8 81-3 85'G 85-3 
 844 83-3 817 81-6 814 81'3 81-1 80-8 80'5 80'7 80'9 81-0 811 81 3 83'3 84'8 86'3 874 85-8 87'3 87'5 887 87'6 871 
 854 844 83-2 82'5 82'5 82'0 81-7 817 81'5 814 Sl'3 80'9 80'5 80'4 81-3 83-8 85'3 86-2 874 87-8 88-5 87'2 88-0 86'9 
 85-9 84-2 831 82'6 82'5 82'2 82-0 81'4 804 79'7 79-0 78'2 77"3 77 8 80'G 84-3 86'8 88-9 90-8 91'6 91'5 897 887 891 
 
 Means | 86'5 85'2 84'0 83'5 83'0 82'6 82'2 81'6 81'1 80'6 801 79'6 791 78-.S 80-7 83"9 8G-2 88'0 89-2 89 7 9C-0 89-3 88'9 88-1 84-3 
 
 * 'Die uumbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily mcuui. 
 
184 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 DRY THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 7 
 
 
 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Gottiiifren 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 llRilranrt 
 
 
 
 Jlalithly 
 
 Madras 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. li. m, h. in. li. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. h. m. h, m. 1). m. h. m, h. m. h, m. li. m. h. m. h m. h. in. h. m. 1). jn. h. to. h. tn. 
 
 Means 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 ]6.<>1 IC.-il 17.41 18.41 ].jl 20.41 21. ,1 22.41 28.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 O 
 
 A TITM! ^tfl 
 
 87-7 8V2 fd-fi 8^-4 R'3-2 82-5 81-9 81-7 81-0 
 
 
 .zVJJIll O\J 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 81-3 81-7 81-3 80-9 797 82-4 85'9 881 89-9 92-2 91'9 91-3 91-1 91-3 90-0 
 
 85-4 
 
 ? 
 
 89-1 86-7 85-0 837 83-5 83'0 82-5 82-1 80'3 80-2 801 79'9 79'6 79-5 81-9 85'2 88'3 90'3 921 94-3 95'2 96'0 93'6 92'4 
 
 86-0 
 
 3 
 
 90-5 87-9 85-4 887 84'0 83'5 83'5 83'3 83'3 82-3 81-3 80'5 797 791 81-3 85-3 891 91-3 93'5 95-7 98-2 96 2 93'4 91'5 
 
 86-8 
 
 4 
 
 86-3 85-2 84-9 84-8 84'3 84'0 84'0 83'5 83'3 83'0 82'8 82-5 82'1 82-1 83-5 86'3 88'8 90'3 8*5 91-3 92'3 93'2 92-6 92-4 
 
 86-3 
 
 5 
 
 90-3 87-7 85-7 84'9 84'7 84-3 84-2 841 837 831 82'5 82-4 82'3 81-5 83'8 86'3 89-3 90'3 90'6 911 92'0 92'5 91-4 901 
 
 86-6 
 
 6 
 
 87-2 862 86 2 85'2 85'2 84-4 84-1 837 83'3 82'7 82'2 80'8 79'3 78'5 80'5 862 88'5 921 94'3 96'7 93'8 91'2 91'4 90'6 
 
 86-4 
 
 7 
 
 90' S7' 857 81'5 S3'8 84' 83'5 83'" 82'3 - - - 
 
 
 f 
 
 82-3 823 82-3 82-3 82-1 84-3 87-3 90-3 93-3 95-8 97-8 99-7 95-2 93-4 92-7 
 
 87-7 
 
 9 
 
 92-2 88-3 863 86'1 85'6 85'3 85'3 851 84-4 83'8 83-3 82-9 82-5 82-4 85'3 88'3 91'8 94-3 97-4 99-4 1017 1031 105-0 967 
 
 89-9 
 
 10 
 
 877 85-9 85-6 85'4 85'3 85'7 85-5 847 84-5 83'9 83'3 82'8 82'3 821 841 88'3 92'8 96'2 98'8 1017 103-0 102-4 99-0 97'6 
 
 89-6 
 
 11 
 
 94-6 91-8 89-3 87'4 86-9 85'8 85'5 84'8 85-1 84-1 831 82-6 82-1 81-4 83'9 87'3 90-4 941 971 97'5 95-4 94-3 931 93'4 
 
 88-8 
 
 12 
 
 91-4 87-3 862 85'8 85'3 85'1 84'8 84'3 84-0 83'6 83-3 82-9 82-4 82-6 84-3 88'3 91-5 93'5 95'5 938 93'3 93'5 92-7 92'4 
 
 87-8 
 
 18 
 
 90-1 87-1 85-8 85-6 85'1 85'3 85'0 84'8 84'3 838 83'4 830 82'5 823 S4'5 87-5 90'8 91'5 91'6 91'8 92'8 92'8 92-3 92-0 
 
 87-3 
 
 05 14. 
 
 Q0'7 ftft'Q ft fi - 7 WV *i ft V^ ft VI R4,*S ft-t* ft4<' 
 
 
 Jo - 1 * 
 
 
 
 2 15 
 
 82-6 811 807 80-2 79'5 82-5 86'0 89'5 90'5 91'9 92'3 93'5 94'0 941 92-4 
 
 86-9 
 
 16 
 
 90-4 87-4 87-3 861 84-9 84-5 84-3 841 837 83'0 82-3 81'9 81'5 81'3 841 86-8 89'6 91'3 91-5 92'3 91'8 920 92'0 91-2 
 
 86-9 
 
 5 17 
 
 901 88-3 85-5 85-3 84'9 841 837 82-9 82'3 82'3 82-3 81'8 81 3 811 84'3 86-5 881 9LO 90'8 91-9 92-5 91-5 91'5 91-5 
 
 86-5 
 
 g 18 
 
 90-5 86-8 85-5 84'9 83'5 833 83'3 82'5 82'8 83'0 &3'3 82'5 817 820 84'8 83-0 90'5 92'0 93'3 92'8 921 92-3 91'5 907 
 
 86-8 
 
 19 
 
 89-5 89-0 857 847 84'3 84'3 83'6 841 821 81-8 81'5 81'3 811 80'5 83'3 86'8 89'8 92'3 93-0 935 93-6 93'3 92-6 924 
 
 86-8 
 
 20 
 
 91-3 877 86-5 85-5 84'9 84'8 84-5 841 83 6 831 82-6 82-5 82'3 S1'3 84'3 88 6 91'8 947 97'2 &9'2 lor 9<V2 931 92'3 
 
 88-5 
 
 21 
 
 Q1 *^ $Q'^ ^7*^1 fifvft ft(v^ ftVQ ft*v7 ft*VO S-4'7 
 
 
 1 
 
 22 
 
 82-5 803 80-4 805 80-5 821 85'1 87'3 90'3 92'3 92'0 91'0 90'3 90'S 877 
 
 86-5 
 
 23 
 
 88-2 861 84-6 84'5 84'5 84'2 841 83-8 82'9 825 821 81'8 81'4 81'4 833 86'8 89'3 92'3 94'3 92'8 92'3 93'0 931 93'2 
 
 86-8 
 
 24 
 
 92-5 90-2 86-5 86'9 86'9 85-8 85-3 847 84'0 829 81'9 816 81-3 80'5 835 8.V9 84'8 86'9 911 92'2 89-5 90'3 92'9 917 
 
 86-7 
 
 25 
 
 89-2 86-6 85-2 841 84'0 83'3 83'3 830 82'8 82'5 82'3 82 2 821 82 2 85'5 881 91'2 94-3 957 95'2 94-8 93-5 92'0 90'4 
 
 87-2 
 
 26 
 
 90-4 88-5 85-5 85'4 85'0 84'5 84'2 83'4 82'5 82'6 82'8 82'6 82'3 817 845 87'3 89'3 91-6 92'8 93'3 92'9 93'3 92'3 91-5 
 
 87-1 
 
 27 
 
 91-5 871 85-6 85'4 847 84'8 84'8 84'4 84'3 83'5 82'8 82'6 823 82'3 84'3 871 901 91'9 93'3 92'4 92'4 91-8 91'8 91'5 
 
 87-2 
 
 28 
 
 891 87-8 87-3 87-2 86-3 85-3 847 84-4 83-9 __________ 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 82-8 81-8 817 81-5 81-5 85-0 88'6 92'3 95'5 98'2 1007 98'4 987 96'5 941 
 
 88-9 
 
 30 
 
 &2-5 901 83-2 87-6 88'0 86'5 85'5 85'3 84'9 837 82'5 823 821 82'3 85 5 89'6 91'5 94-3 96'9 99'4 99'0 967 955 947 
 
 89-4 
 
 31 
 
 f'4-3 90-8 89 881 87-2 87-0 85-9 85'9 86'0 851 84-3 83'9 83-4 82'4 86 4 89 3 921 95'4 977 1002 97-9 96-5 95 4 94'3 
 
 89-9 
 
 Means 
 
 90-3 87-8 86-2 85-5 851 847 84-3 84-0 83'5 82'9 82-3 82'0 81-6 81'3 83-8 83'4 89'9 92-3 94'0 94'9 94'9 94'2 93'5 92'3 
 
 87-4 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 1 
 
 931 90-0 88-0 87 4 867 85'8 85'8 85-8 85-5 85'3 851 84-5 83'8 837 867 90'5 93'3 96-0 98'2 100-0 98'6 98'4 95-8 94-5 
 
 901 
 
 2 
 
 92-0 911 90-2 89-0 88-4 877 87-3 87'3 87-2 87'0 86'8 861 85'3 84-3 85-8 883 89-8 911 92'8 94'3 96'2 987 99'4 99'8 
 
 902 
 
 a 
 
 9(i 3 8*7 869 863 85'9 857 85-5 85'3 84-8 84'5 843 84'2 84'0 83'3 85'3 888 92'5 93'4 95'2 95-5 99'4 94'5 956 94'3 
 
 88-9 
 
 4 
 
 91-3 887 87-3 87'2 86 5 86'5 86'5 86'2 85'8 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 83-4 811 80-8 80-5 805 815 861 88'4 91'5 925 94-5 967 96'5 97'5 98-0 
 
 88-1 
 
 6 
 
 91'6 89-0 86-4 85'9 857 85'5 85'5 84'6 837 83'3 83'0 82'3 81'5 81 -8 83-4 85'5 88-3 911 92'8 95-0 96'4 98'2 991 945 
 
 88-1 
 
 7 
 
 933 904 887 87'4 86'6 86'5 86'3 85'3 85'3 83'4 81'5 81'4 81-3 81 -4 841 84-5 88'8 9-2-0 93-6 948 95'4 95'5 93'1 91-3 
 
 88-0 
 
 & 
 
 893 865 853 84-8 84-4 84-8 84-3 83'8 83'5 82-8 82'1 81'9 81'6 813 85'3 86'1 89'5 91'3 90'4 91-3 91'8 91-6 91-4 89-5 
 
 86-4 
 
 9 
 
 879 865 862 85-5 85'3 851 84-5 84'2 841 817 79'3 79-3 79-2 79'8 80'8 82-1 82'5 853 883 91-0 92'3 93'3 934 901 
 
 85-3 
 
 10 
 
 875 85-8 84-3 83'6 83-5 83'5 83'3 83'3 83'3 82'9 826 81'4 80'2 80-2 81'5 822 86'5 88'6 896 917 92-5 92'8 91'6 89'0 
 
 85-5 
 
 11 
 
 88 3 86 9 84 8 82'6 82-3 80-9 80'6 80 3 79'8 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 79-3 78-8 78-8 78'8 78 5 821 83 6 87-1 89'3 91-4 93 92 6 941 91-5 90'2 
 
 84-8 
 
 13 
 
 899 88-9 87-5 87'3 858 85-5 85-8 85'3 84-3 831 82'0 81'4 80'8 80'5 81'2 83-5 85'5 891 892 90-8 93-0 93-8 924 90'9 
 
 86-6 
 
 0) H 
 
 889 87-8 87-3 872 86-3 85-8 85:3 84-5 83-5 82-4 81'3 80'3 79'3 791 811 843 87'5 90'4 91-3 933 94'3 943 95'3 963 
 
 87-0 
 
 - 15 
 
 947 90-7 89-3 89'0 88-5 86'6 85-3 85'1 84-8 83'6 82-5 82'0 81-5 81-K 81-5 85'3 88 5 91-3 93 5 94 3 95-4 967 96-3 95'5 
 
 88-5 
 
 K 16 
 
 947 93-0 86-2 85 7 83-8 81-9 81-8 811 80-8 801 79 5 79'5 79-4 80 1 8G'8 85'3 8*3 89'5 91'8 93'3 957 96 4 98'0 99'0 
 
 86-9 
 
 g 17 
 
 96-5 90-3 870 8B7 861 85-2 85-3 83-8 831 829 827 825 82'3 821 83'5 85'5 881 91'0 92'9 951 967 992 995 99'0 
 
 88-6 
 
 P it 
 
 877 878 8R7 86-3 84-5 847 84-'i fW-'i 81-S - 
 
 
 Hj J 1- 
 
 19 
 
 Qf f O/ O O\J 1 C\J O OTE *J OT / O^r t/ Oi_> t7 OJ. *J 
 
 _ _ 80-4 79-5 78-9 78'3 78'2 786 821 85'6 89-3.91-3 94-3 966 98'4 97-3 92-4 
 
 86-2 
 
 20 
 
 90-9 86-0 83-1 83-3 83-1 83-1 81-9 81-3 80-7 795 78-4 78-3 78-2 781 80-5 84-3 87'4 89-3 91-4 938 95-3 97-5 90 2 89 2 
 
 85-2 
 
 21 
 
 82-4 81-9 831 825 80'4 80-7 80'8 80-9 80'2 79'9 79-6 79-1 78'5 776 788 813 85-3 88-3 903 913 92-3 93-3 941 93-8 
 
 84-0 
 
 22 
 
 88-7 86-1 84-3 83-5 831 82-6 82-4 82-0 817 80'4 792 79-4 79-5 793 80-3 831 86'3 88'8 905 924 94-0 94-8 93-3 90'2 
 
 85-2 
 
 23 
 
 89-1 87-2 84-2 838 83-5 83-2 82-3 82-0 81-9 81'2 80'5 80-0 79'5 78'0 811 84'5 881 905 91'5 94-7 971 98-2 93'4 92'0 
 
 86-1 
 
 24 
 
 90-9 897 85-6 84-5 84-1 83-3 83-5 8_'-3 83-1 82-2 81'3 80-9 80 5 79 7 823 868 901 92'1 948 962 97'8 933 931 92'4 
 
 871 
 
 25 
 
 90-5 88-5 85-6 85-1 84-2 84'0 82-9 81-8 81-5 - 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 81-6 817 81-6 81-4 811 81-8 858 88'2 91-3 92'5 96'2 98'6 997 93-0 906 
 
 870 
 
 27 
 
 90-2 86-8 84-6 83-5 834 83-3 83-1 82-1 81-3 80-5 798 801 80-3 80-5 81'5 84-8 89'3 92-5 92'4 952 96-4 98-8 95-3 927 
 
 86-6 
 
 28 
 
 89-7 8*1 855 84-5 83-8 834 82-8 82-7 82-6 82-2 81-9 81-6 81-2 80-4 83'3 87'1 90-3 933 95-2 95-9 95-2 95-4 94'3 94'2 
 
 87-3 
 
 29 
 
 92-5 88-7 86-6 86-1 85-6 85'3 845 84-2 83-3 82'9 82-5 820 81 5 808 84-0 886 92-3 93'6 95 2 95-1 94-6 945 94'3 94'3 
 
 88-0 
 
 30 
 
 91-6 88-0 86-4 85-6 85-0 84'9 84'8 84-3 8:57 83-1 82-5 82-0 81-5 805 83-0 86-4 86-9 87-1 90-5 90-8 91-2 91-3 89-5 8S'6 
 
 86-2 
 
 Means 
 
 90-5 88-2 86-2 85'5 84-9 84-4 84-1 83 -6 83-1 82'3 81'5 81'2 80'8 Su-5 82'3 85'2 88'2 907 92'3 94-0 95-2 957 94-5 93-2 
 
 ! 87-0 
 
 * The numbers iu tkose columns are not observed, but intcrj)oL.ted fur the suke of obtaiuing the 
 
 -, 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 185 
 
 
 DRY THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 7 
 
 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 lOttinraa 
 
 lean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 i 
 
 Daily and 
 
 
 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Madras 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 
 Means 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.11 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.J1 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooo'oooooooooo 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 877 85-8 84-4 837 83-3 83'3 831 82'3 8V8 81'2 80'6 80'2 79'8 80'0 80'2 82-5 86'3 86'6 90'3 91-8 93'9 94-0 91-4 89-6 
 
 85-2 
 
 
 
 oq-2 37-9 85'6 84'S 84'4 841 835 83'3 83'0 ' . . 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 82-4 81-8 81-5 811 80-5 82'8 86'3 87'5 91"9 92v3 941 941 92-6 91-2 91'4 
 
 86-5 
 
 
 4 
 
 91-2 90-3 8.5-8 85'2 84-3 841 83'5 83'2 82'9 82'0 81'2 80'8 80'3 79'5 82'5 871 89'5 92'3 93'2 93'4 93'8 92'0 92'2 92'3 
 
 86-8 
 
 
 5 
 
 90-9 89-4 86-4 85\5 851 84-4 84-3 84'2 83'5 82'5 81'5 81-3 81'0 80'3 83'3 86'3 89-3 92-3 92'3 92'8 93'0 92-9 91-6 90'5 
 
 86-9 
 
 
 6 
 
 89-5 887 85-9 84-5 84'0 83'8 83'3 82'5 82'3 82'0 817 81'0 80'2 80-4 84'3 86'5 911 92-5 931 93'3 93'8 93'3 911 91-2 
 
 86-7 
 
 
 7 
 
 907 88-2 857 85'2 84-3 84'2 841 83'5 83-3 82'6 82-0 81'6 811 80-5 85'5 88'5 91-3 931 957 94-5 947 95'2 94-4 93'8 
 
 877 
 
 
 8 
 
 91-5 88-8 871 861 85'3 85-3 84'8 84'2 83'9 83'5 83'2 82'8 82'3 81'8 83-3 86'8 88'8 91'3 93'3 93'8 93'6 94'3 93'3 92-6 
 
 87-6 
 
 
 9 
 
 m f? m ) O'? *" C^J-O Cfi-1 C^-*J Q^'Q w 1 1 Q*-l-*^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 __ 82-2 811 807 80-2 80'2 82'8 86-5 89'5 90'8 92'0 92'3 91-.5 90'8 89'8 90-5 
 
 867 
 
 
 11 
 
 90-2 891 87-3 871 87'0 84'9 83'3 83-3 82'3 81'8 81'3 797 781 77'8 78'5 77-3 77'5 77'3 767 79'4 81'5 851 82-5 82-4 
 
 821 
 
 
 12 
 
 80-8 807 79-5 79-3 77'3 75'6 77O 76'9 76'3 76'2 761 757 75-2 75'8 76'3 75-8 761 79'3 81'3 82'3 81'3 82-8 85'3 861 
 
 787 
 
 dk 
 
 13 
 
 82-4 81-9 81-3 81'3 80'4 80-3 801 801 79'3 79'2 791 787 78-3 77'3 79'0 81'3 84'8 87'8 88'8 89'5 87'3 88'3 86'3 87'5 
 
 82'5 
 
 00 
 
 14 
 
 88 2 86-0 83'4 82'3 77'8 77'3 77-5 76'9 771 76'8 76'5 767 76-9 77'5 79-5 821 84'3 87'2 89'3 90'4 91-3 92'3 92 5 88'6 
 
 82-8 
 
 
 15 
 
 877 85-5 84-3 83'3 82'5 79'8 78'5 80'2 801 801 80'2 797 79-2 78'5 79'0 811 82-6 83'8 85'3 871 88'8 88'3 871 86'8 
 
 82-9 
 
 g 
 
 16 
 
 Qrf-x Qt^.O O -7 ft'-l*^ Q'^-Q 7Q-O 'T'T-Q ( 77-'^ 77-H 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 17 
 
 __ _ 77-5 781 77'8 77-5 77'5 78'3 78'6 79'3 811 81'3 81-8 82'5 82'9 827 827 
 
 80-5 
 
 
 18 
 
 82-0 811 80-2 791 78-2 78'0 78'2 78'2 77'8 77-4 771 771 77'0 76'5 76'8 77'5 781 82'3 84-8 87'3 88'5 877 877 867 
 
 80-6 
 
 
 19 
 
 857 83-5 83-0 817 81-2 80'8 807 80'8 80-5 79'9 79-4 78'4 77'4 77'3 781 80-3 83-3 85'3 86'8 89-3 91 -3 911 91-0 91-2 
 
 83-2 
 
 
 20 
 
 89-2 87-0 85-0 837 83-5 83'2 82'5 81'3 801 79-4 787 78-5 78'3 78'3 79-2 80'5 817 841 85'5 84-8 89'3 88'5 87'3 871 
 
 83-2 
 
 
 21 
 
 86-3 84-9 83-5 83-2 83-0 82'3 817 80'6 80'6 79'9 79'3 791 78'8 77-8 78'3 79'2 80'6 831 86-3 86'8 88'3 897 90-2 89-4 
 
 83-0 
 
 
 22 
 
 88-5 78-5 781 781 78-0 77-5 77-3 777 77'8 77'6 77'5 77'4 77-2 76'6 781 81-8 84-5 881 89-3 89-3 897 89-9 90-3 917 
 
 821 
 
 
 23 
 24 
 
 80-8 80-5 80-2 79'8 79'5 79'5 811 85'0 88'4 90'9 90-.3 92'3 93'5 92%5 92'2 
 
 85-0 
 
 
 25 
 
 92-0 901 86-2 85-8 84-4 83'5 83'5 83'0 82'9 821 81 '3 81'2 81'0 80'4 81~5 83'0 86'3 87'5 901 91'6 94'6 95'9 94'2 92'5 
 
 86-4 
 
 
 26 
 
 92-3 901 887 86-5 85'6 85-5 84'5 837 831 82'5 82-0 81'6 811 79'5 81-3 85'3 87'3 90'4 92'3 93-3 95'0 96-2 97'0 96"5 
 
 87-6 
 
 
 27 
 
 95-6 93-0 90-9 88 8 87'3 86'8 85'6 85'2 84'5 83'4 82'3 81'9 81'5 811 81'5 83'3 87'0 88'3 92'3 91'6 951 94-9 96'0 94'3 
 
 88-0 
 
 
 28 
 
 92-5 92-4 911 902 88'5 87'3 87'0 86'3 85'2 847 84'2 83'0 81'8 81'3 81'5 84-3 87'8 88'9 91'3 92'3 93'4 96'8 95'8 95'2 
 
 88-4 
 
 
 29 
 
 95-0 927 90-9 86'3 85-3 83'5 83'3 82'9 821 817 81'3 811 80'8 80'8 82'9 851 86'8 88'6 90'3 92'8 93'3 95'9 96'9 97'3 
 
 87-4 
 
 
 30 
 
 OH'Q QQ-f\ Q^-l ft ^*9 QA.- ^ QA- ^ GO- 7 ft! -Q Wl -9 
 
 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 _ _ 81-2 81-3 81-2 81O 80'8 81'3 83'3 85-6 88'5 911 93-0 93'5 94'5 91-5 91'4 
 
 86-0 
 
 Means 
 
 891 87-2 85-2 84-2 83'3 82-5 821 817 81-3 80'8 80'4 80'0 79-5 79'2 80'6 82-7 851 87'3 891 90'0 91-0 91'5 90-8 90-4 1 84'8 
 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 90-4 88-2 857 8.5-3 83-5 83-3 83-3 831 82'3 82'0 81-8 81-3 80'8 801 81-4 83'3 85-3 88'4 89'5 90-5 92-1 90'5 91'9 92-1 
 
 85-7 
 
 
 2 
 
 89-4 88-7 86-6 84-7 84-1 84'1 837 83'2 82'8 82-4 82-1 817 81-3 81-3 82-3 87'3 89-4 88'6 80'5 82-4 87'8 89'3 89'4 89'8 
 
 851 
 
 
 3 
 
 88'3 86-3 851 84'3 83-2 82'5 82'3 81-6 80-3 78'8 77'3 76'8 76'3 76'3 76-5 77'3 78'0 79'5 81-6 83'0 85-6 8"6 88'2 89'4 
 
 82-0 
 
 
 4 
 
 88-4 84-2 83-5 83'0 81'9 81'8 81-3 81-3 80'8 80'4 801 79'8 79'5 79-2 79'6 791 78'6 79-3 81'3 841 87-3 881 90'5 89'4 
 
 82-6 
 
 
 5 
 
 89-3 88-2 85-5 84-3 831 82'3 817 80'8 80'8 80'5 80'2 79'3 78'4 787 811 841 86'8 89-0 91'8 92'2 90'9 90'3 90'6 897 
 
 85-0 
 
 
 7 
 
 807 79-5 79-3 791 78-4 81-3 84'0 86'5 88'3 88'4 88'6 90'3 90'0 89-3 88'6 
 
 84-6 
 
 
 8 
 
 88-0 87-3 83-6 82-9 82-4 81'9 81-5 80-8 80'5 80'0 79'5 79'2 78-9 787 79'5 82'8 85'6 87-3 90'3 88'5 89'8 89-5 89'4 877 
 
 84-0 
 
 
 9 
 
 85-9 85-2 83-5 82'6 82-4 83'3 82-3 81-9 81'3 81'0 807 79'9 791 79-3 80-3 84'0 85'3 88'6 91'5 93'8 951 91-8 917 90--5 
 
 85-0 
 
 
 10 
 
 897 87-2 85-4 84'6 841 83-8 83'5 83-2 82'8 817 807 801 79-5 79-3 811 83-5 82'3 83'3 841 84'5 85'5 86-5 88'3 88'8 
 
 83-9 
 
 
 11 
 
 88-9 851 83-5 82-6 82-4 82%3 82'3 81'8 807 807 80-8 80'5 801 78'6 80'6 83'5 851 88-5 911 911 91-3 9L5 91-2 91-5 
 
 84-8 
 
 Oi 
 
 12 
 
 887 86-4 85-0 84-4 84-3 83'0 81'5 80'6 79'5 79'3 791 78'3 77'5 77'5 78'5 81'3 83'5 85-5 88'5 90'0 88-3 88'8 88'6 86'8 
 
 83-5 
 
 >o 
 oo 
 
 13 
 
 86-3 84-8 83-5 81-5 80-3 79'5 791 791 787 - 
 
 
 
 1-1 
 
 14 
 
 787 78-8 78-3 777 77-0 791 81-2 84-3 87-4 90-3 91-5 90-8 89-5 89-4 87-fi 
 
 831 
 
 H 
 
 15 
 
 85-6 83'0 83-5 80-0 79-6 80'0 79'5 791 78'3 78'0 77'8 77'6 77'3 77'3 801 83'3 85'5 87'5 89'5 90-5 91'5 861 91-5 89-3 
 
 83'0 
 
 O2 
 
 16 
 
 88-0 87-3 84-8 821 79-0 787 79'3 79-3 79'3 791 79'0 78'3 77'6 77'3 79'3 81-.3 84\5 86'5 89'8 891 90-5 89'8 86-5 89-6 
 
 83-2 
 
 O 
 
 17 
 
 89-5 86-2 84-0 82'3 82-2 82-5 82-3 81'8 80'3 80-2 601 80'0 79'9 797 80'3 81'3 82'5 86-3 88'3 91-3 91'6 90'6 89'9 80-4 
 
 83-9 
 
 P 
 
 18 
 
 781 797 80-0 79-6 79-6 79-5 80-3 811 801 79-9 79'8 79'5 791 78'3 78-3 78'8 79-8 80'8 82-3 84-5 85'3 86'2 85-9 8.5-. 5 
 
 80-9 
 
 *< 
 
 19 
 
 851 83-6 82-5 81'9 81-3 807 80'5 80'3 801 79-8 79'5 79'4 79'3 79-3 79'8 80--3 79'9 79-3 78-6 787 78'4 78'5 78'8 79-5 
 
 80-2 
 
 
 20 
 
 79-5 79-5 78-4 78'3 781 78'3 781 78'0 777 
 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 78-6 79-5 78-9 78'3 78'2 79'6 82'5 84'3 84-3 86'5 88'6 88'5 89-7 8-5-3 85-3 
 
 81-4 
 
 
 22 
 
 84-3 837 83-3 82'9 81-8 821 811 80'3 79-8 79'5 79'3 79'3 79-3 791 79~8 80'3 82'3 85-3 861 87'9 88'8 89'3 89-6 90'2 
 
 831 
 
 
 23 
 
 901 88-3 84-5 84-4 83-5 82-5 83'3 83'0 82-3 81'8 81-3 S0'6 79 8 79'3 791 81-3 82'8 85'0 87'8 88-9 91-3 89'3 89-5 91-2 
 
 84-6 
 
 
 24 
 
 88-3 85-3 85-3 84-3 841 83-6 82'9 82'3 811 80'8 80'5 80'4 80-3 801 80'2 8V3 92-4 84'3 87'8 89-3 91-8 92'6 92'4 91-5 
 
 847 
 
 
 25 
 
 89-8 88-4 87-5 87-3 841 82-8 831 82 1 81-3 807 80-2 80'0 79'8 79'5 79-8 81-5 86-4 87-3 88-8 91-3 91-3 93'2 92-3 921 
 
 85-4 
 
 
 26 
 
 871 857 84-3 84-3 82-3 82-8 82-4 817 817 81'5 81'3 807 80'0 791 79-5 82'3 85-3 88-3 901 92-4 93-3 94-3 95-7 95-2 
 
 85-5 
 
 
 97 
 
 90' 871 S5' 851 845 83'6 '8 "'5 8' 
 
 
 
 t I 
 
 28 
 
 ____ __ 81-6 81-0 807 80-4 807 80--5 82-3 83-5 85'8 88'3 91-3 93-3 94'5 95'4 951 
 
 857 
 
 
 29 
 
 88'5 87-3 85-4 84-5 84-2 841 82'3 81'5 797 80-0 80'3 .801 79-9 79-ff 807 82-3 84-5 86-3 88'3 91-3 93-8 91-2 91-7 917 
 
 85-0 
 
 
 30 
 
 90-4 88-6 85-3 84-4 817 81'0 80-6 79'5 80-5 80'3 801 79-8 79'5 79-3 801 83'3 85'5 86'8 89'5 907 92-6 95-2 93-3 92'.5 
 
 85-0 
 
 
 31 
 
 881 82-5 82'3 811 79-9 80'3 79-3 79'3 791 79'3 79'6 79'9 80'2 791 79-3 80-5 82'6 85'3 88'3 89-0 89-2 88'8 881 88'3 
 
 82-9 
 
 Means |87'6 857 841 83'2 82-2 82-0 81'6 81'2 80-6 80'3 80'0 79-6 79-2 78'9 79'9 82'0 83'8 857 87'4 887 89-9 89-8 89'8 89'2| 83-8 
 
 * The numbers in those columns ju*c not observed, but interpolated for the sokf of obtaining tho dally means. 
 
 47 
 
186 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 DRY THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 7 
 (Corrected to the Kow Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily anc 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. b. m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h. m h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h.m. h. m. 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 H-41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 18.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 -1 
 
 2 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 85-7 83-6 83-2 82-9 82'5 821 80'5 80'2 79'5 79'2 79'0 78'8 78'.") 78'3 79-4 81'5 84-1 85'3 89'3 91-1 92'5 94'3 947 89'5 
 87-6 86-2 84-5 84'4 841 81'3 80'6 80'0 79'8 797 79-7 79'3 78"8 78'6 80'6 82'6 85'9 891 90'5 91'5 941 94'3 95'3 95-2 
 
 QA.-A. WOO 87''? 8fi'<l Wfi'f) Rd.'** 84.O 78- <: t 77'8 
 
 O 
 
 84-0 
 
 85-2 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 79-5 81-3 80-7 80'0 79-5 81- 1 83'8 86'6 S8'8 91-2 92-5 957 96'4 967 91-5 
 87-7 85-5 83-9 83-2 82'0 81'3 81-5 811 80-6 80'5 804 80'4 80'3 80-3 80'3 82'3 84'5 87'9 91-2 93'3 951 94-7 91-6 89'5 
 88-4 86-7 85-2 84-7 83'9 83'3 83'3 831 827 82-5 82'3 82'0 81-6 817 821 85'3 881 89'3 91-8 94'2 95-3 98~2 93'0 91'9 
 89-3 87-0 85-5 85-2 847 84-5 83'5 83'3 821 817 81'3 81'0 807 80'4 82'0 85'5 88-3 90-5 92'5 94'3 95-5 971 95'2 931 
 887 867 857 827 82'3 83'3 82'3 81-8 81'6 81'4 81'3 811 80'8 80-5 81'3 85'5 88'3 90'5 91'3 94~3 92-3 92'3 93'3 91-4 
 89-0 867 85-4 851 84'2 83'8 83'5 83'3 82'6 82'2 81'8 817 81'5 811 82'0 86'6 89-3 91'9 93'2 95'4 95'2 93'9 90'6 89'3 
 
 8B-~, fifi'7 8^-'} Hi-fi SA-9 84- 1 B'}'^ 8 1 }'! 81-8 
 
 80-4 
 85-0 
 86-6 
 86-8 
 85-9 
 86-6 
 
 1U 
 
 11 
 
 S 12 
 2 13 
 
 14 
 
 3 15 
 
 1 J* 
 
 81-3 80-8 80-9 80'9 81-0 821 84'5 86'8 871 87'6 88'3 88'3 88-3 87-2 87'6 
 867 847 83-9 83'5 82-5 81'3 81'2 80-8 81'5 811 807 79'8 78'8 78'4 79'3 82-3 851 87'8 90-5 92-8 95'4 90'6 90'3 89-5 
 877 86-2 85-0 84'6 831 82'8 82'3 81'5 81'5 81'2 80'9 79'9 78-8 78'4 79'0 81-5 84'3 871 80'3 91-3 94'3 96'2 93'8 91'6 
 797 777 79-5 79'3 80'6 80'3 78'3 76'8 76'8 767 76'6 757 74'8 75'9 75'6 76'3 81'3 85-8 86'5 88'8 90'5 921 90'2 881 
 867 84-3 81-3 77-3 75'3 77'6 77'3 77'3 77'3 77'3 77-3 76-9 76'5 757 771 79'0 81'5 84-5 S7'5 901 91-3 93'3 89'2 89-5 
 797 82-5 82-3 82'3 821 81'5 82'0 817 79'3 79'4 79-6 79'5 79'3 79-3 80'0 82-5 85-3 871 S8'8 89'8 92'5 93'3 92'3 91'2 
 
 KQ-7 Sft'7 8^'Q BT-^! S'}'^ 8'>'A 8'^'A 81 'fi 81'^ 
 
 84-8 
 84-5 
 851 
 81-0 
 817 
 83-9 
 
 a -l' 
 
 H 18 
 
 W 19 
 20 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 
 QA 
 
 80-4 79-5 79-4 79'3 79'2 80'3 83'3 85'3 87-.-) 90-3 907 90'3 90'3 90'9 89-6 
 87-2 85-2 84-3 83'5 83'4 83'0 82'8 82-3 81'3 80'3 79-3 78-4 77-5 76'9 77'8 80'8 84-6 86'5 88'3 90-3 93'3 93'5 94'9 88'4 
 867 84-9 837 83'3 831 83'0 81-8 81'5 81'3 81'2 811 811 811 80'0 81'3 831 86-5 881 88'9 88'6 88'8 89'3 89-2 88'6 
 86-6 847 83-3 82'5 82'4 81'3 80- 5 80'2 79'3 78'8 78'4 781 77'8 77'3 79'3 83"3 86'3 86'3 89'5 89'8 89'8 897 89-3 88-3 
 87-3 851 83-5 82'8 82'3 821 80'8 80'6 80'2 797 79'3 79'0 78'6 78'3 80'2 83-3 85'5 86'3 88'6 89'3 89-2 89'3 89'3 88'3 
 877 847 841 83'5 831 82-3 82'5 82'0 81'5 80'5 79'6 79'5 79'3 791 80'3 82'2 84'5 871 87'3 89'3 88-6 901 89'5 88'3 
 
 RR-K KA.-A, 8^-^ 8^'9 W9'fi 81 -^ 80'8 80- r > BO'l 
 
 84-8 
 84-3 
 84-4 
 83-5 
 837 
 84-0 
 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 80-8 81-5 80-8 80'0 79'3 801 787 80'2 84'6 87'2 86'2 86'5 87'0 87-4 86-4 
 857 85-3 84-3 82'3 81'8 81-0 80-6 79-8 79-6 791 78-6 78'4 781 78'3 79-3 79-9 81-3 81'3 80-8 77'8 787 79-6 81'2 821 
 82-8 811 80-4 79-4 78'8 78'3 78'0 77-4 77'3 77'0 767 76'6 76'5 76'3 76'3 76-4 76'5 76 r 3 74-5 75'0 76-3 77'8 78'5 797 
 787 78-3 77-8 78'0 77'3 771 77'0 767 76'3 76'3 76'3 76'3 76'3 75'8 75'6 75'3 75-5 75'8 76'4 77'3 78'3 791 79'4 791 
 77-9 76-5 767 76'3 75'3 751 75'3 75'3 75'5 75'3 75-2 74'8 74'3 747 75'5 78'5 801 83-3 84'5 851 84'9 83'5 83'4 83-4 
 82-6 80-4 79-5 791 78"3 78-5 78~5 78'2 78-2 77'6 77-0 77'0 77'0 76-3 76'6 78'5 79-5 81-5 84-0 861 87-5 887 89-2 86-5 
 
 82-9 
 80-6 
 777 
 771 
 
 78-4 
 807 
 
 Means 
 
 861 84-3 83'3 82'5 81'9 81-4 80'9 80-3 79'9 79'6 79-4 791 787 78'5 79'4 81-6 84-0 86'0 87'8 89'0 90'0 90'5 89-8 88'4 
 
 83-4 
 
 i 
 
 837 81'2 79'8 78'9 78 p 3 781 77'8 777 771 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 C 
 
 777 78-3 77-9 77-4 77-3 78'0 79'4 821 86-2 87'5 88'8 89-3 89-9 90-5 89-5 
 887 847 84-2 83-4 83'3 82'8 82 3 821 81-3 801 79'0 78'3 77'5 77-5 79'3 82'2 84'3 871 88'5 901 91'6 93-3 891 88'4 
 86-3 84-6 78-8 79'0 79-4 78'5 78'3 78'3 78-3 78'3 78-3 78'3 78'2 78'6 79'5 81'3 83'5 85'8 86'8 88'3 89-3 89'9 917 86'8 
 85-9 82-9 82-4 82'2 801 79'8 79'6 79'2 78'6 78'4 78-3 78'3 78'3 78'3 78'8 79'5 83'6 86'3 86-5 881 89'5 91'4 91-4 88-5 
 86-3 797 80-5 821 81'5 801 79'5 79'2 79'2 78-2 77'3 771 76'8 76'9 78'3 80'8 841 85-5 87'5 89'0 90'5 921 92'2 89-5 
 877 86-2 84-2 83'5 83'4 83'0 827 817 80'5 80'0 79'5 79-3 79-0 78'5 79'9 81'8 841 86-3 891 911 92'3 93'0 931 92'3 
 8Q-7 86-3 847 83-4 R'2-fi 82-0 81-0 807 7Q-6 
 
 81-8 
 841 
 82-3 
 827 
 
 827 
 847 
 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 o 12 
 o 13 
 ^ 14 
 03 15 
 
 79-0 78-5 78-2 77'8 77'3 78'5 811 82-3 84'3 88-3 88'8 89'5 91'3 79'5 83-4 
 831 82'3 81-3 80-9 80-3 79-3 78'9 78-5 77'9 77-3 76'8 76'4 76-0 76-2 77-3 80'2 82'3 84'2 86-3 88'3 901 90'5 84'2 86'4 
 85-4 84-2 82-3 81-5 81-3 81-3 80-5 79'8 79-3 78-6 77'9 77'6 77-3 76'3 77'5 80-5 83'2 851 87'0 88'3 901 90'9 89'5 891 
 86-9 85-0 837 817 80'3 79-3 791 78'3 77-8 77-5 77'3 77-3 77'3 77'3 78-4 80'6 84'3 86-2 87'8 89-3 901 89-3 87'5 78'5 
 79-9 80-2 80-6 80'5 801 80'0 79-9 79'3 79-0 78-6 78-3 777 771 771 77'3 76-5 78'3 81-3 84'2 87'3 87'9 88-3 87'6 87'5 
 86-3 83-2 82-2 80'5 79'6 78'5 78'3 777 771 77-2 77'3 77'2 771 76'5 77-9 79'5 821 85-4 88'2 89'2 90'3 89'3 781 80'3 
 81'3 81'0 81'6 81'3 80 - 3 79'3 78'5 78'3 77~6 
 
 82-8 
 81-5 
 827 
 821 
 81-0 
 81-2 
 
 K ,? 
 pq 1C 
 
 17 
 
 g IE 
 1 
 2C 
 21 
 
 o? 
 
 78'4 79-3 787 78'0 77'3 78'5 82'3 84-4 87'6 891 90'3 91-3 91'3 90-3 89'4 
 881 85-5 84-0 81'3 80'5 79'3 78'8 79'3 78'3 77'0 75'8 75-6 75'3 751 77-5 80'8 83-3 86'3 88'3 89'3 90'3 90'6 90-2 88-3 
 86-6 847 82-5 821 79'5 78'3 78'3 77'5 767 76'6 76'5 76'3 76-0 74'5 76-3 81-2 83'3 85'8 87-8 89'6 90'3 91'6 90-0 89-2 
 87-0 85-4 841 831 80'5 78'3 781 77-8 771 76-2 75-3 75'3 75-3 75'2 761 801 83'2 85-9 88'9 89'6 89-4 88'3 87'8 88'3 
 87-0 85-2 827 81-4 80'6 79-9 78'3 77-6 76'6 76'4 76'2 75'8 75'3 74'4 76-5 801 82'8 86'5 891 891 897 89-9 877 86'9 
 85-5 83-4 82-3 811 79'5 78'5 77'6 77'3 76'6 77-0 77'4 77-4 77'4 77'3 777 81'0 84'8 86'9 88'2 891 89'2 89-6 88'5 887 
 8">-4 8^-3 ftS-^ 81 -^ 81-4. 8f)-2 78-8 787 77- >: ! - 
 
 827 
 82-4 
 821 
 81-9 
 81-9 
 82-2 
 
 2c 
 24 
 2f 
 26 
 2; 
 2 
 2 
 3C 
 31 
 
 75-4 73-6 73-0 72-4 72-4 74-6 79'3 82'5 851 871 87-5 877 88'3 86-5 861 
 85-0 82-4 81-4 80'4 79'8 791 78'3 77'3 75-5 74'3 73-2 72'8 72'4 71-5 73'6 77'8 80'8 83'3 84'5 85-6 85-8 86'5 86-3 84-8 
 83-3 82-3 81-3 80-5 79'3 77'8 76'8 761 751 75-2 75'3 75-3 75'3 75'2 75'4 78'3 81-8 83'8 84'9 86-3 8(rO 85'9 85-5 84'4 
 83-4 82-6 82-3 82'0 82'0 81-9 81-3 81-3 80'3 80'4 80'5 79'2 77'8 77-3 77'8 78'3 811 84-2 86'3 86-9 871 85-8 84-6 837 
 83-2 82-5 82-3 82-2 82-3 81'5 81-3 81-0 81'0 80'6 80'3 80'2 801 79-3 771 761 80'3 84'5 83'3 83-3 81-9 83'3 80-4 82'0 
 78-9 78-2 77-5 76'8 76'4 76'3 761 75'8 75'3 74-9 74'6 741 73'6 73-6 74'4 75'3 76'8 79'3 80'8 79'9 801 797 79'0 79'0 
 79-4 781 77-2 76'2 75-5 75-3 74'8 74'6 74'3 
 747 75-2 751 74-9 741 747 76'3 76-8 78'3 79-3 82-5 78'3 821 83-5 817 
 80-5 77-3 767 75'6 75-3 75-3 757 76'2 75'8 75'6 75'4 75-5 75-5 75-3 76'5 791 81-0 78'3 77'3 76'8 76'6 761 757 75'5 
 
 80-9 
 797 
 80-0 
 82-0 
 81-3 
 76-9 
 
 77-2 
 76-6 
 
 Means 
 
 84-8 82-8 817 80-9 801 79-4 78'9 78'5 77'8 77'4 771 76-8 76-5 76'2 77-2 79'6 82'2 84'6 86'3 87'4 87'9 88'4 86-6 857 1 
 
 81-4 
 
 * The numbers in these columns arc not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 187 
 
 
 DRY THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 7 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 34 5 67 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h, m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m- h.m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.'11 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 g 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 75-3 751 75-0 75'3 751 75'2 74-9 737 73'8 741 74'4 74'6 747 74'4 74-4 75-0 761 77'8 79'4 81'5 81'5 81-5 81-5 81-2 
 80-4 79-2 777 77-4 77'3 76'3 761 747 74-4 74-2 74'0 73-5 72'9 72'6 73'2 75'5 78'4 80'6 81-8 82'6 82'4 82'5 82-2 811 
 80-3 79-5 79-0 79'0 78'8 78'3 761 75-3 75'2 747 74'2 74'2 74'2 73-8 74'2 76'3 791 79'8 80-5 811 811 80'5 80'4 80'2 
 79-6 79-0 787 78'fi 78'3 78'3 78'3 781 77'8 76'5 75'2 74-5 737 73'5 741 76'3 811 811 81'5 81'5 82'5 81-5 82'4 81'5 
 SO'S 79'9 79-0 79-5 79'5 79-3 79'0 7S'9 - 
 
 
 
 76-5 
 
 77-5 
 77-7 
 78-5 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 c^ 12 
 
 78-3 78-0 77-9 777 77'4 741 73"8 79-0 82-2 82'3 83'3 83'3 83'8 83-9 831 82-3 
 81-4 80-5 80-8 80'G 80'3 80 1 80-3 801 79'5 79-6 79-3 787 79'0 79'3 78'5 80'9 83'4 83-5 84'8 851 84-5 81-5 79-2 79'3 
 79-4 787 78-3 77'9 76'3 767 76'5 76'3 77'4 781 77'6 761 761 76'3 77-2 80'6 82'5 841 84'8 84'6 85'8 851 84-6 83'5 
 82-8 81-3 81-3 81-0 80'3 80'3 80'3 79'9 79-9 797 79'4 78'5 77'5 771 781 81 -2 82'5 82'0 82-8 83'5 83'3 83'5 83'6 82'6 
 817 80-6 80-6 797 801 79'9 79'5 78'5 77'8 77'0 76'9 76-3 75'6 75'6 76'2 78'2 80'3 82-5 83'3 83'3 84'8 83-5 82'4 82'3 
 81-4 79-5 79-5 79-2 767 76-3 76-3 76-2 76'6 77'8 78'3 781 78'3 78-2 791 80'3 80'3 83'1 83-1 81'6 791 80'3 78'4 79-4 
 79-6 7"M 79-S 79'3 79'3 79' 791 77'5 --,.. 
 
 79-9 
 80-8 
 79-8 
 80-9 
 79-9 
 79-0 
 
 kO 
 00 13 
 
 tf 14 
 
 16 
 3 17 
 
 75-3 74-4 74-8 74'3 74'2 74-2 75'1 77-3 791 81-3 811 82'8 82-3 837 82'6 81'9 
 81-3 80-0 797 79'6 797 79'3 79'3 79'0 78-4 78-4 78'3 76 5 75'6 75-3 76-4 79'5 81-3 817 78'3 82-3 82-6 827 82'5 81-5 
 79-9 79-0 79-0 78'8 78-6 78'5 781 76-5 75-9 75-3 75-2 74-2 74-2 73-6 74-3 75-5 77-6 791 78'0 781 77-3 79-2 787 79-4 
 79'6 79-2 78-5 77'8 78'0 77-5 76-3 76-3 76'3 76'6 76'5 75'6 75'3 761 77'9 78-1 787 78-5 77-6 77'6 777 76'5 74-5 75-3 
 74-8 751 75-2 75-0 74'5 74'4 75-3 767 77'2 77'4 76'3 75-3 74'9 75-4 771 79'0 80-2 80'6 80'3 81'5 80-3 79'6 79'5 78-5 
 78-2 771 76-9 76'9 781 777 77'5 77-3 79-2 79'3 78'0 77-5 77'6 77-1 78-3 80'2 79'5 81'5 78'2 82-5 80'9 81-2 81'6 81'5 
 7g.o 79-0 79-'j 79-g 73-5 7g-5 73-3 73-0 
 
 78'6 
 79-5 
 77-3 
 77-2 
 77-3 
 78-9 
 
 fc 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 75-2 75-2 75-2 74'4 73-4 73-5 74-6 781 800 80-3 80'5 80-3 80-0 80-0 79-5 78-9 
 77-3 76-6 76-2 75-3 75'3 75-3 74-9 73-8 73'5 71-2 67'9 66-9 66'6 68'4 68'3 68'0 68'0 687 67'6 67'2 67'5 68'4 697 70'5 
 707 70-6 70'G 70'8 71-2 71'0 70-9 70-9 71'2 707 711 70'5 71'4 71'4 71-8 74'2 76-3 79-9 82-3 78'5 801 81'9 80-4 78'6 
 777 77'0 75-5 74'9 75'6 75'3 75-2 75'3 75'3 75'3 75'3 74'4 737 73'3 74'3 76'3 78'9 79-8 79'4 80'4 80'3 80'0 81-0 797 
 787 77-5 767 76'5 761 75'9 75-5 75-5 75'5 75'5 75'5 75'3 75'2 747 74'3 74-9 75-3 76-0 77'3 77'8 78'3 787 787 78-3 
 77-8 77-4 77'2 771 76'9 76'2 75'6 75'5 75'8 75-3 75'3 74'4 74'3 74'4 74'8 75'3 76'3 77-3 76'3 75"2 74-5 74-3 74-6 75'3 
 75-3 75-3 75-3 75-2 75'3 751 74-6 74'6 - ____ _____- T -_____ 
 73-9 73-8 741 741 73'6 737 741 74-6 75'3 74'4 75-4 75'5 76-2 77-8 77'5 77'6 
 771 76-2 75-6 75-5 75'4 75'6 75-3 751 75'0 74'9 74-6 74-6 74-4 73'9 75 : 2 771 787 80'5 81-3 81'5 82'8 83'3 83'0 82-4 
 81-2 79-0 78-2 777 77'2 76-3 76-3 757 761 76'3 761 75-6 75'3 74'9 75'3 78'3 79"5 821 83'3 85'8 84'3 85-0 81'6 77-5 
 77-2 77-4 77-9 78-3 777 77'9 77'9 78-0 77-5 77'2 77'3 761 75'4 75'3 761 781 81-5 821 84-3 84'3 83'4 82-6 831 83-4 
 
 77-8 
 71-0 
 74-0 
 76-8 
 76-4 
 75-7 
 
 75-1 
 
 77-5 
 787 
 79-2 
 
 Means 1 
 
 78-8 78-0 77-8 77-5 77-3 77-1 76'8 76-5 76-2 76'0 757 751 74'8 74-6 75-3 77'2 78'9 80'0 80'3 807 807 807 80'2 79-8 
 
 777 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 Q 
 
 82-4 80-3 79-4 79-2 78'9 78-5 78-3 78-3 77'3 77-3 77-4 77'2 76-2 75'8 75-5 781 78'4 80'5 83'3 85-7 82-4 84-4 85-0 841 
 82-8 80-4 79-6 78'4 78'2 76'9 75-4 75'3 74'6 741 72"2 72'2 71'8 71'4 727 75'2 77-2 79'0 79'3 797 81'9 81'6 80'5 801 
 77'8 76'5 75'6 71'8 74 - 6 74' 741 73' 
 
 797 
 771 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 -in 
 
 71-6 71-2 71-2 71-2 70-6 70'3 70-5 71'9 74-3 747 76-4 77-5 79"2 79-9 0-4 79-6 
 78-2 75-3 737 73'4 72-4 72'0 71-4 71'2 71'5 71-4 71'4 71'3 71-3 711 717 74'4 76'5 78'8 807 831 83'5 83'5 83'0 82'3 
 80-6 78-6 78-3 77-3 75'9 75'3 75'2 74'4 73'5 73'4 73'5 74-4 74-2 737 74-3 77'2 79'5 81'8 82'5 83-9 84'5 84'3 83'5 831 
 81-5 791 78-3 77'8 77'3 77-3 77'2 76'5 75'8 75'3 74-6 74'4 74'4 74'4 747 77'3 79'3 82'3 83'3 83-3 837 83-5 82'5 82'0 
 80-4 78-9 78-5 78-3 77'6 77'2 771 77-1 76'3 75-5 74'5 74'6 74'6 74-0 74'6 77'0 78'4 80'0 82'5 841 82'9 82-5 82'5 82'0 
 807 79-0 78-4 77'8 77'5 77'5 77'3 77'2 76'9 76'5 75'2 74'6 74-6.74-3 74'9 781 80-2 81'8 84'3 83'5 83'0 83'5 82-5 82-5 
 80 1 1 79'6 79'3 79'S 78'5 78'2 78'3 78' 
 
 74-6 
 75-5 
 78-0 
 
 78-6 
 78-4 
 78-8 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 2 13 
 
 03 14 
 W 15 
 
 9 16 
 
 r^ 17 
 
 74-6 751 74-4 74'2 73-6 73-6 73-6 76'4 80'3 80'5 81'8 831 82'8 83'0 82-9 81'3 
 80-2 791 791 78-8 78-5 781 77'5 77'0 76'3 771 76'5 75'9 73'8 73'6 74'3 76-3 77'8 79'5 80'8 81'3 81-4 81-5 81'2 80'3 
 797 781 77-4 77'0 75'3 747 73'6 73'2 727 72'0 71-4 717 71-6 71-4 721 75'2 781 80'3 81'0 80'9 821 827 81-3 81-0 
 801 78-4 77-6 77'4 77'3 76-8 76'2 75'5 72'9 711 71'6 71'5 71'3 71'0 73-2 777 79'0 80'0 81'3 817 82'3 8V5 81-3 80 7 
 797 78-4 781 781 77'6 77'5 76-9 76'5 76'3 76-4 75-8 75'8 75'4 75-2 73'8 771 79-3 79'3 80'5 80'6 811 81-4 80'5 797 
 797 78-4 781 777 77'5 77-2 77'3 77'3 77'0 76'5 76'5 77'0 76-6 76'5 76-3 77'8 78'5 79'4 80-3 81'3 80'8 79'9 79'4 79'4 
 
 lQ-fi 77'ti 77-Q 77-'J 77-1 7fi'S Vfi-^ '7fi-'i 
 
 78-5 
 78-2 
 76-4 
 77-0 
 78-0 
 78-2 
 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 
 OA 
 
 74-1 741 74-0 73-6 74-0 73-8 73-4 74'4 77'0 791 80'5 80'6 811 80-9 79-5 79'5 
 78-5 77-4 76-4 76'2 75'5 74-3 73'6 72'6 71-9 70'9 70'4 70'2 701 70'2 69'9 72'3 75'3 78'3 79'3 80"4 80'6 79'6 79-5 787 
 78-0 76-5 757 74'3 727 72'3 72'4 72'4 70'8 70'4 70'3 70'3 70'2 697 70'4 72'5 75-3 77'4 80'2 79'5 81-0 807 801 79'5 
 787 77-3 76-3 76-3 757 75-3 75'3 75'2 751 74'2 71'8 71'4 70'5 70-8 70'8 731 76'5 801 80'5 81'0 80-5 80'8 80'5 791 
 78-8 77-6 77-3 771 77-0 76'5 76'2 75'6 74'2 72'6 72'2 71'6 71'4 71'0 70'5 731 78'5 791 79'6 80'3 81 -8 80'3 79'5 79'4 
 791 77-6 76-6 76-5 76-4 76'3 761 761 75'5 75'3 75'3 75'9 75-5 75'0 74-4 737 76'5 78'5 79'4 79'8 79'5 791 78'9 78'4 
 
 77-'^ 7ft'O 7e;.tC 7V> 74.'7 7A.-A. 7A'l 79-7 
 
 77-0 
 751 
 747 
 761 
 76-3 
 76-9 
 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 _ _ _ 76-0 75-4 75-6 75'9 76'2 761 76-4 76'9 77'8 78'8 79'5 80'3 80'9 80'6 SO'O 79'4 
 78-5 77-3 76-6 76'4 75'6 75'3 75'3 75'3 74'2 72'9 72'4 71-4 70'5 701 69'8 731 757 78'0 79'5 801 80'5 80'2 79'6 78'5 
 78-0 76-3 75-3 74-4 727 71-9 70-5 70'4 70'3 69'9 68'9 68'9 68'4 677 68'6 71'3 74'5 77'6 791 791 79'2 797 791 78-5 
 777 76'4 75-6 75-5 751 74'2 73'0 71-9 73'0 73'4 73'4 69'9 69'9 73'8 73'2 75'3 77'8 78'6 801 797 80'5 80-3 79'9 79'3 
 78-5 76-8 76-3 76'0 76'0 75-3 74-9 74-3 71-8 69-4 68'9 68'4 68'3 68'0 67'3 70'8 74'9 777 79'9 79-8 SO'O 80'5 797 79'2 
 781 76'9 76-0 75'5 75'1 74-3 72-2 71'3 70-2 69'0 68'4 67"0 66'6 66'8 66'7 69'4 73'3 76'2 78-3 78 6 79'3 79'3 79'3 78'0 
 
 77-0 
 
 757 
 73-8 
 757 
 747 
 73-6 
 
 Means 
 
 79'4 77-8 77-2 76'8 76'2 757 75'2 74'8 74-0 73'5 73'0 727 72'4 72'3 72'4 74'8 77'3 791 80'5 811 81-4 81-4 80'9 80'2 
 
 767 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
188 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily am 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. b. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. ni. h. m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.11 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Meana 
 
 1 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooo oooooo 
 
 RQ- 1 ) Rtt'S RR'A. 8'7 RR-A, fiS'ft Rfr'i fifi'l fi7 -r > 
 
 O 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 --------- 69-4 71-3 71-7 72-0 721 72'3 73'2 73-4 74-0 737 74-2 747 74-7 73'4 73-9 
 73-4 73-1 72-7 72'5 72'3 73'0 73'2 73'2 73'1 731 731 73'2 73'2 73-2 73"2 73'6 74'2 74'2 74-2 74-0 74-4 74'2 74'2 73'4 
 73-2 72-8 73-2 73'2 73-2 73'2 731 73'2 73'4 735 737 73'5 73'2 73'2 727 74'8 747 75'2 75'2 75-2 757 757 76-1 75-5 
 75-1 75-2 74-4 741 737 73'2 73"2 73-4 73'2 73-2 73'2 72'3 71'3 70-4 70'3 71'3 72'8 73-2 T3'9 74-0 73'4 73-2 73-1 73-1 
 72-3 71-9 71-5 717 71'4 71'3 72'0 72'5 72'3 72'3 72'3 72'8 73'2 72'3 72'3 73'2 73'8 74-2 75'2 72-8 72-8 73'2 73-2 73'6 
 73-2 73-0 72-6 72'6 71'0 70'3 70'5 70 8 71'3 71-4 71'5 71'4 71'3 72'3 72'8 73'2 73-4 73'2 737 73'9 74-1 73'2 72-5 72'2 
 
 'TO-*? 71-Q 71-7 79-1 79-1 79-4 79-t; 70-n 71 tC i 
 
 71-3 
 
 73-4 
 74-0 
 731 
 727 
 72'3 
 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 _ 12 
 
 S 
 
 -I 14 
 
 1 K 
 
 --------- 71-1 70-8 70-5 70-1 69'3 69'6 70'3 71'3 71'3 71-2 721 72'3 71-3 70'9 707 
 707 70-0 69-1 68-5 68'3 68'0 68'2 68'0 67'8 68'0 68'3 67'8 67'3 66-9 66'4 67'3 69'2 71'3 71'3 72'3 72'1 72'3 717 71-1 
 69-4 687 687 685 68'5 68'5 68'5 69'0 69'0 68-6 68'3 68'0 677 671 66'6 66'2 67'5 69'3 70'8 71'5 70'5 70'8 70'3 70'8 
 70-1 70-5 69-8 69'5 69'3 697 69'3 68'8 687 68-5 68'3 68'3 68'3 68-3 69'3 70'0 72'0 72'6 73'2 72'2 73'0 72'8 72'3 72-6 
 72-1 71-3 71-5 71-0 70'5 70-3 70'0 69'8 69.2 687 6S'3 68'4 68'4 67'5 68%3 68-6 70'5 70'6 71'8 72'8 70'8 69'3 69 5 69'1 
 69-3 69-1 69-1 69'1 69 3 68'8 68'3 68'3 68'8 68'4 68'0 67'9 677 66'4 67'1 67'8 70-4 71-8 70'8 71'1 70'8 70'8 697 697 
 
 RQ-1 KQ'9 (!Q'9 fiQ'l fiR-'i fiS-^l flfi'^ fifi-O fiR'D - 
 
 71'3 
 69-2 
 68-9 
 70-3 
 69-9 
 691 
 
 JANUARY 
 
 ObOhSI 1| 'h- it i h 
 
 o> o to oo j o> e 
 
 --------- 68-6 69-3 69-2 69'1 69'1 69-1 70'0 70-5 71'3 71-8 72'3 72-3 71'5 70'9 697 
 69-2 69-3 69-1 68'4 68'4 68'3 68'5 68'3 68'3 68'3 68'3 68-1 67'8 67'3 67'2 68'3 691 69-3 711 71'8 71'8 71'3 69-5 6S'5 
 68-0 67-8 67-8 68'4 69'0 691 69'0 69-2 69'3 68'8 68'3 677 671 660 664 67'2 69'5 70-9 71'3 70'8 707 70'3 69-5 69'2 
 68-5 68-2 67-5 67-2 671 66'4 66'6 66'6 66'6 65'2 63-9 63'2 62"5 62'3 62-5 65'4 68'3 68'3 69'2 70'0 70'5 707 69-3 68'3 
 68-3 68-3 67-3 67'3 66'2 66'3 66'4 66'6 66'6 667 66-9 66'8 66-6 67'2 67-3 66-4 68'3 69'3 70'3 70'3 70'8 707 697 69'2 
 691 6S-5 68-5 68'4 68'3 68'3 68'0 67'8 67'3 671 66-9 67'0 671 67'3 67'2 67'6 67'3 68'3 68"8 68'3 69'3 687 68'C 69 
 
 KS-Q R7-*; A?-^ R1'\ fi7-fi A7-Q A7 r > Rl-^ R1-K 
 
 697 
 69-0 
 68-8 
 66-8 
 67'9 
 68-0 
 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 
 9Q 
 
 --------- 65-8 63-8 631 62'4 62'0 62-5 65-4 66'8 68'3 68'6 69'3 69-3 69'3 68'2f68'2 
 68-2 67-5 67-6 67-2 66'8 65'4 64'6 63'4 63"4 62'9 62'5 62"8 63'0 62'5 62-5 64'4 66-4 68'3 69'3 70'3 70'3 721 71-9 70'2 
 69-9 69'3 687 68'6 68'4 66'4 65-4 651 64-4 63'9 63'4 63'0 62'5 617 60'5 627 63 9 67'9 69'3 70'3 70'3 70'5 711 70'5 
 69-9 69-0 68-6 68'2 68'8-65'9 65"4 64'3 63'4 62-4 61'5 61'8 62'0 63'2 61-5 627 67'3 692 69-5 71'3 707 70'8 70'6 70-3 
 70-3 70-0 69'3 69'0 68'0 66 9 66'4 66'4 66'9 66-5 661 65'8 65-4 647 64-4 661 691 69 8 70'3 70'3 71'3 71'3 69'2 69'4 
 69-5 697 691 69'0 68'9 68'3 68"3 67'5 66"4 65'9 65'4 65'5 65'6 65-9 651 66'5 691 70'3 70'3 71'0 70'8 71'3 71'0 70-2 
 
 7H-O RQ'K fiQ.9 RQ-9 RQ-n fiR-Q 7-8 R^-'i fi7-O . 
 
 66-8 
 66-4 
 66-6 
 66-6 
 68-0 
 68-4 
 
 30 
 31 
 
 --------- 667 66-4 66-0 65'6 66'4 66'4 68'5 701 69'3 69'3 69-5 69'8 70'3 70'4 69-6 
 69-6 69-2 69-2 68-9 67'3 66'9 66-9 66'6 66'6 661 65'6 651 64'5 641 64'6 66'9 69'3 69'3 69'3 70'3 70-9 71'3 71.2 70'2 
 
 684 
 67-9 
 
 Means | 
 
 70-4 70-0 697 69.5 69'2 68'8 687 68'5 68'4 681 67-9 67767-5 67'3 67-2 68'4 69"9 70'8 71-3 71'6 717 71'6 711 707 
 
 69-4 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 69-2 68'8 67-2 67'2 67-3 66'6 66-4 65'9 65'3 65'4 65'5 64-3 63'0 62'5 63'4 67'6 68'3 687 69'3 69-3 69'8 69'4 69'5 69'5 
 69-2 68-9 68-3 68'3 67'5 67'6 67-3 67-4 66'9 667 66'6 66'5 66'3 66'4 67'2 677 691 707 71'3 71-8 72'3 73'2 72-6 72'6 
 721 717 717 71'6 71-3 70'5 701 697 69'5 69'4 69 3 68'9 68'5 681 67'3 697 707 71-3 71-5 72-3 72'8 73'2 73'4 72'5 
 72-5 72-5 72-5 72-3 71-3 70'5 69-9 69'5 68'3 67'4 66'6 677 68'8 68'5 68'3 70'3 70'8 71'3 71'3 72'3 72'8 73-2 711 70"5 
 
 7n.Q 71-Q 71 -'-I 7>T>-7 fiQ-S fiQ'fl R8-8 fiS'^? fiK'O - 
 
 671 
 
 68-8 
 707 
 70-4 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 s JJ 
 
 67-6 67-3 67-3 67'2 66'6 66'4 69'3 71-3 72'3 72-3 72-3 72'8 72'9 73-0 72'3 
 72-3 721 71-4 71'4 71-4 71'3 711 707 70'2 69'8 69'5 69'4 69'3 69'3 69'0 69'5 71'8 73'6 74-2 747 74'8 75-2 747 741 
 74-2 74-0 737 73-4 73'2 73-0 72'5 72'3 72'3 72'3 72'3 72'6 72'8 731 73'2 74-2 74-2 74'9 75'2 76'2 76'2 76'6 76-4 75'9 
 75-9 75-4 751 751 751 74'9 74'4 74'2 74-6 74'4 74'2 74'2 74'2 74'2 74'2 74-4 75'2 75'2 76'2 77-0 77-2 76'8 76'6 767 
 761 75-4 75-0 75'0 75'0 74-4 74'2 74'2 73'2 731 73'0 72'8 72-5 71-5 71'3 72'8 74-9 75'2 75'3 75'4 757 75'6 75'4 76'4 
 761 75-0 75-0 75'0 75'0 74'4 74'2 74'2 73'8 73'9 74'0 737 73'4 73'2 74-0 74'2 747 75'2 75'2 75'4 76-2 75-8 75'2 747 
 
 "TtC.n 7^.n 7Q-Q 7Q-Q 7Q*7 7Q-J, 7Q-O 7^-9 7*^-9 
 
 69-9 
 717 
 73-9 
 75-2 
 74-3 
 74-6 
 
 00 
 
 " 13 
 h 14 
 
 P3 15 
 
 <S | 
 & 
 PS 17 
 
 lg 
 W 10 
 
 ___ 71-8 70-5 69-9 69'3 69'o 70'5 72-3 73'2 74-2 75'2 75'2 75-2 757 75-3 75'2 
 747 741 73-8 73-9 73'8 73 4 72'9 72'3 71-5 71'4 71'3 71'2 71'0 70'3 69'9 71-3 74'2 74'4 75'2 75'2 75'5 757 74'6 74'4 
 74-3 741 741 737 73'2 74-0 73'4 73-2 73-4 73'3 73'2 72-3 7l~3 70-3 701 71-8 72-9 73'4 74-2 74-2 74-0 74'2 74-3 74 9 
 73-5 73-4 73-4 73'4 73-2 73-2 72'9 72'8 72'5 71'9 71'3 708 70'3 69'5 687 70'3 72-8 737 73'S 74'2 73'4 73'2 74-4 74'3 
 74-3 741 73-6 73'2 73-0 73'0 72'5 72'3 72'3 717 711 70'8 70'5 69'9 69-5 70'8 731 74-0 74'2 74'2 74'4 74'2 74'2 74'0 
 73-4 73-2 72-3 71'9 71-3 71-3 70'8 70'2 69-5 69'4 69"3 69"5 69'6 69'3 68'8 70'3 72'8 72-3 72'6 73'2 73'2 73'2 73'2 73'2 
 
 I7Q-A 71 -A 71 -A 71-1 7H-Q 7H-Q 7-O-1 AQ-*^ Aft-^ 
 
 73-2 
 732 
 73-2 
 72-5 
 727 
 71-4 
 
 fe 18 
 2C 
 21 
 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 2 
 
 _ _ 67-4 66-4 657 64-9 64-9 65'4 67'3 69'5 72-0 73'2 73'2 73-4 73-9 73-4 72'3 
 71-2 70-5 70-4 69-2 68'3 67-5 67'2 66'8 66-4 66'0 65'6 65'2 64-8 64-2 64-6 691 711 72'3 71-8 72'6 72'4 72'5 72'4 72'4 
 72-3 71-3 707 69-0 68'8 68'5 66-4 67'3 67'8 67'8 67'8 67'6 67'3 66'6 66'6 69'0 711 72'0 71-8 721 71'9 73'9 74-6 75'2 
 73-9 73-0 72-5 72'0 717 711 70'8 70'3 69'9 69'6 69-3 69'6 69'8 70'3 701 72'9 74-2 75'2 75-5 76'0 76'4 76-3 75'9 75'8 
 75-0 74-4 74-2 74-2 74'2 73'4 73-2 73'8 74-2 73'6 731 72'8 72'5 71'3 71'3 73'4 747 75'8 757 76'2 75-8 76'2 76'3 76'6 
 76-4 75-4 74-6 74-6 74'4 74-2 74-4 74'9 74'4 73 9 73'4 72'9 72'3 72-3 72'5 73'2 74-5 75'2 75'2 75-4 76'5 77-0 767 76'9 
 
 i7C-O 7^-7 7^-H 7/t-9 7A-Q 7/1-9 7A-9 7^-O 7^-7 
 
 70'0 
 68-9 
 69-9 
 72-6 
 74-2 
 74-6 
 
 SM 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 ___ __ 72-2 70-8 70-6 70'3 701 701 72-5 73'9 74-2 757 757 75'4 74'3 74'4 74-4 
 73-9 73-9 737 73-2 73'0 72-8 721 70-8 70-8 70-5 70'3 69-9 69'5 69-3 68-5 70'3 73'2 74-2 72-5 767 76-2 75-8 731 73-2 
 
 73-6 
 
 72-4 
 
 Means 
 
 73-6 731 727 72-4 721 71-8 71-4 711 70'8 70'4 701 69'8 69-6 69-2 69'2 71-0 72-6 73-4 737 74-2 74-3 74-5 74-2 741 
 
 72-0 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sate of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 189 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Mean'So :Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 uily anc 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 b. m. 1). m. h. m. h. m. 'h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. ni. h. m. h. m. h, m. b. m. li. m. h. in. h, m. li. m. h. m. h m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 11.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 1B.41 WAI 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 g !3 
 
 CD 14 
 
 ffi 15 
 16 
 
 tf 17 
 3 18 
 & 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 73-2 73-0 73-0 72'9 72-6 72-5 72'3 72-0 71'8 71-8 71-8 71-0 701 69'5 69-1 70-8 73'2 73'2 73-2 74'2 74-4 74-2 74-4 73-4 
 73-4 72-4 72-1 721 71'9 71'5 71'3 71'3 70'5 69'9 69'3 691 68'8 68'3 68'9 72'3 74'0 747 74-8 76'2 767 76'2 76'4 75'9 
 75-9 75-6 75-2 74'9 74'9 74'4 74'2 73'6 73'4 73'9 74-4 74-2 73'9 737 73'0 73'9 76'0 76-9 78'0 78'4 79'4 79'0 78'6 78'6 
 781 77-9 77-0 767 76'5 76'2 75-6 75'4 75-2 74'5 73'9 73'6 73'2 73'4 74'2 77'0 77'2 77'2 77'8 78'2 78'4 78'8 781 781 
 
 7ft-l 77- 77-Q 77- 77- ^ 77-9 77-9 7A-O 77-J. 
 
 O 
 
 724 
 72-4 
 75-6 
 76-3 
 
 77-2 
 76-5 
 76-3 
 75-5 
 75-9 
 75-9 
 
 75-5 
 76-4 
 75-9 
 76-0 
 757 
 75-2 
 
 73-9 
 737 
 741 
 75-8 
 78-2 
 77-9 
 
 777 
 77-3 
 76-6 
 76-8 
 76-6 
 
 76-8 76-2 75-6 74-9 75'0 75'6 77-0 77'4 77'2 77'3 77'9 79'2 79'3 78'5 78'4 
 78-3 77-9 76-8 76'8 76'6 76'2 76-2 75'8 75'2 75'2 75'2 751 74'9 74'2 74-4 75'5 76'4 77'4 77-2 77'5 78'8 78'8 78'5 781 
 77-6 77-5 77-5 77'5 77'2 76'5 76-2 76'0 75'2 74'8 74-4 73'9 73'4 74'2 74-9 76'2 76'9 767 77-4 78'0 771 77'4 76'9 76'9 
 76-9 76-3 75-6 75-4 75'2 75-4 75'2 74'9 747 74'3 74'0 737 73'4 73'2 73'4 74'4 76'2 76'2 767 77'2 767 77'2 77'4 77'4 
 771 76'5 76-0 76'0 75'4 75-4 75'2 74'9 74'4 74'2 74'0 73'8 73'6 73'2 73'0 747 76'2 77'2 78'2 78'6 79'0 78'4 77'9 77'9 
 77-6 77-0 76-4 76'4 76'2 76-0 75'4 75'9 757 75'3 75'0 74'6 74'2 72'8 73'2 747 76'2 76'4 77'0 77-2 77'4 77'2 77'4 77'2 
 
 7(^-ft 7A-1 7A-O 7^-A 7^-7 7^-9 7^-9 7^-9 7A-Q 
 
 73'8 72-8 727 72'5 72-3 73'0 74-2 76'0 777 77'2 76-2 77'2 78'2 78'4 78'0 
 77-6 76-9 76-3 76'3 76'2 75-4 767 75'2 747 74'6 74'5 74'3 741 737 74'2 75-6 76-4 77'2 78'2 79-2 80'0 80'2 78'8 77'8 
 77-3 771 76'4 76-2 761 75-2 75'6 75'4 75'2 74'5 73'9 73'8 73'6 73'2 731 747 76'2 78'2 77'2 76'2 77'2 77'6 78'3 78'4 
 78-5 781 77-2 76'2 76'2 76-2 75-9 75-2 74'2 74'0 73'9 73'8 737 73'9 737 75'4 77-2 77'4 78'0 77-2 78'0 77'2 771 76'0 
 76-0 75-2 75-2 74-9 74'9 75'4 75'4 75'4 75'2 75'0 74'8 74'5 74'2 73'2 731 74-2 76'2 77'2 77'2 777 78'2 79-0 77'3 77'2 
 77-0 767 76-3 75'9 75'4 75'2 74'9 747 747 741 73'5 72'5 71'5 71-3 72'3 74"2 76'2 76'7 77'4 77'8 77'2 75'5 76'6 77'0 
 
 77-O 7fi-/t 7V7 7J.-4. 7/1-O 7^-9 79'8 79-^ 79-S 
 
 71-4 70-5 70-4 70'3 70'0 70'5 72'8 75'0 75'4 76'2 77'2 77'2 76'6 75'6 75'8 
 75-4 74-4 74-0 74-0 731 72'5 72'3 71'9 71'5 71'4 71'3 71-3 71'3 70'3 71'0 72'3 74'2 757 767 77'2 77-2 77'5 76'2 76'6 
 76-5 75-4 75-4 75'0 73'9 73'4 73'0 72'3 72'0 71'6 71'2 71'0 70'8 70'6 71'3 73'4 75-0 757 76'2 767 77'2 77'2 76'8 76'9 
 76-8 76-4 76-3 76 75'9 757 74'6 73'9 73'2 73'3 73'4 73'3 73'2 72'8 73'0 74-2 76'4 77-2 78'2 78'2 78'9 78'2 79-8 79-5 
 79-2 787 78-0 78'4 78'4 78'4 78'2 79-4 767 77'2 77'8 77-0 76'2 75'0 75'9 777 78'2 78'8 79'4 79'2 80'2 80'0 791 791 
 791 78-5 78-4 78-2 78'2 78'2 77-9 77'4 77'2 76'8 76-4 75'8 75'2 74-9 75'2 77-2 78'2 78'8 79'4 79'0 79'2 80'4 801 79'8 
 
 7Q'1 77'Q 77-/1 77-4. 77'9 77'9 77-9 7R-Q 7fi'4. 
 
 76-9 77-4 76-8 76'2 757 76'0 77'2 78'0 78'2 78'2 79-2 787 79'2 79-9 807 
 791 78-8 78-3 77'5 767 76'2 75'9 75'6 75-4 75'3 75'2 75'3 75'4 75'0 74'6 77'2 777 78'4 79'2 79-4 79'9 80'2 79'5 79'2 
 787 78-2 77-9 77'4 77'0 767 76-2 76-2 75'4 74-8 74-2 741 74'0 73'9 74'2 76-2 76'8 77'5 78'2 78'2 79'0 78'2 781 781 
 77-2 76-9 76-4 76-2 761 76'2 76'2 75'9 757 75'9 76'2 76-0 757 74'4 75-2 77'2 78'0 787 79'2 79'4 78'8 78'2 77'2 77'2 
 777 77-5 77-0 771 76'8 76'4 76-2 76'2 76'2 76'0 75'9 761 76'2 76'2 75'4 76'4 76'6 75'2 77'2 74-2 77'0 77'4 78'4 78'0 
 
 Means 77'2 767 76'3 76'0 75-8 75'5 75-3 75'0 74'6 74'3 741 73'8 73'5 731 73-4 75-1 76-4 76'9 77'4 77'6 78-1 78'0 77'8 777 
 
 75-8 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 "3 \A 
 
 2 U 
 
 J 16 
 17 
 P^ 1 
 * 1 
 2C 
 2] 
 2S 
 2:: 
 24 
 21 
 2( 
 2^ 
 21 
 K 
 
 77-6 77-3 77-0 76'8 76'8 76-2 76'2 75'2 75'2 75'2 75"2 75'2 75'2 75-6 75-4 751 76'0 75-4 77'2 767 77'2 771 76'3 76'3 
 76-4 76-4 76-3 76'2 76'2 75'9 75-5 75'5 761 - - 
 _ _ _ _ 76-6 77-2 77-2 77-2 77'4 78'2 767 78-0 79'2 791 79 2 79-2 79'4 77-4 77'3 
 771 767 76-4 76'4 76-4 77'2 77'2 77'2 77'2 771 77'0 77'3 77'6 76'2 76 767 77'4 78'0 787 79'5 79'4 79-0 79-9 79-6 
 79-5 79-0 78-2 78-2 78'2 78'0 78-0 77'5 77'2 77'0 76-8 77'0 77'2 78'2 787 79'2 797 807 80'4 81'2 81'9 81'2 80-5 80'8 
 80-3 797 78-4 78'2 78'0 78'2 78'2 79-4 78'4 78'3 78'2 77'8 77'4 777 78'9 79'4 80'4 807 81-2 807 80'2 79'8 801 79-4 
 79-2 787 78-3 78'3 78'2 78'2 78'0 777 77'2 77-2 77'2 76'8 76'4 77'2 77'4 79'2 79'2 79'4 80'0 80'9 81'2 80'8 79-5 787 
 787 787 78-4 78'4 78'2 78'2 78'2 78-0 77'4 77'3 77'2 77'2 77'2 77'2 77'4 79'4 79'2 787 80'0 80'0 79'5 79'4 79-4 79 2 
 7Q-0 78-2 77-^ 77-4 77'9 77-9 77-9 77.0 7R-Q 
 
 761 
 
 77-2 
 77-5 
 78-9 
 791 
 78-5 
 78-4 
 
 77'6 
 79-3 
 79-6 
 
 787 
 78-6 
 78-0 
 
 78-4 
 787 
 787 
 77-2 
 76-0 
 77-2 
 
 777 
 77-4 
 77-8 
 79-2 
 79-0 
 787 
 
 - - 76-0 75-2 751 74'9 74'4 757 77'0 78'4 79-3 80'0 79'2 79-2 79'2 811 80'3 
 801 79-6 79-2 78'9 79'2 79'2 79'0 787 79'0 78'6 78'2 78'0 77'8 77'0 78'2 79'2 797 80'2 80'8 80-4 81'2 80'2 80'2 80-3 
 80-3 79-9 79-2 79'2 791 79-2 79'2 79-2 79'0 79'0 79'0 78'9 787 78'0 78'2 79'9 80'0 801 80'9 807 80'4 81'0 801 801 
 79-9 79-4 79-0 78'9 78'2 78-3 78-3 78-2 781 77'9 777 77'6 77'4 77'2 757 76'8 78'9 79'5 80'0 807 80'0 80'4 80'6 80'4 
 799 79-2 79-0 79-0 79'0 79-2 787 78'2 77'8 77'4 771 76'8 7C'4 75'9 76'8 79'2 78'2 79-0 79'4 80-2 80'4 802 80'4 79-6 
 79-4 78-9 78-2 77-9 77-9 78'2 78'0 777 777 76'8 75-9 75'6 75'2 75'2 76-2 777 78'4 79'0 78'9 78-5 79'6 79'2 807 80'2 
 79'6 78'9 787 777 77'5 77'2 77'^" 77 - 5 77'2* 
 
 --------- 77-2 77-2 77-0 76'8 76-2 77-4 78'4 787 79'9 80'0 80'2 80'2 80'0 80'2 801 
 797 79-2 78-2 78'2 78'2 78'0 77'6 77-2 77'2 77'2 77'2 77-2 77'2 76-4 77'2 79~0 79'2 80-2 80'2 80'2 807 81'0 80'9 80'4 
 80-3 79-5 79-2 79'0 78'8 787 78'4 78-2 78'2 78-0 77'8 77'4 77'0 76'2 77'4 78'2 78'9 79-2 80'2 80-4 80-2 797 79'5 791 
 78-6 78-3 77-9 77'6 77'4 77-2 77'0 75-4 75-6 75-4 75-2 75-0 747 74-2 76'2 78'2 78'2 78'6 77'9 78'2 78'9 79'2 79'0 79'2 
 78-2 791 777 76'2 767 76'0 75'4 75-2 75'2 747 74-2 74'0 737 72'8 74'2 757 767 76'0 777 78'2 767 76'0 76'5 77'2 
 781 791 77-9 777 77'5 77'2 77'2 77-5 77'2 767 76'2 76'2 76'2 76-2 77'2 78'2 78'2 777 76'? 75'0 757 77'2 777 77'9 
 
 !77'4. 7fi-7 77-1 17-A. 77-9 77-9 77-9 77-9 "ft.Q 
 
 _ _ _ 77-5 78-2 77-8 77-4 76-9 777 78'3 787 80'2 80'2 79'9 79'2 76'2 76'2 761 
 > 76-2 77-2 77-2 767 76'2 76-2 76'2 767 76'2 75'8 75'4 751 747 75-2 76-2 77'2 78-4 79'2 79-5 80-2 79'9 79'8 807 80-4 
 > 78-2 77-9 78-0 77-5 77'0 75-4 767 76'4 76-0 761 76-2 76'3 76-4 77'0 77-0 78'2 79-0 79-2 80'4 80'9 80'0 787 79'6 80'2 
 79-9 79-4 78-6 78-6 78'4 787 78'5 787 78'6 78"4 78'2 78'3 78'4 777 78'4 79'9 807 80'9 791 79'9 80'5 81-2 80'2 79'9 
 ! 79-4 78-8 78'5 78-4 781 78-2 77'9 78'4 787 78'5 78'4 78'3 78'2 77-4 77-2 78'4 791 80'0 807 80'4 80'2 811 81'2 80'9 
 1 80-5 801 79-2 79'0 79'0 78'4 78'2 77'9 76'8 76'4 76.1 757 75'2 76'3 777 78'9 80'2 80'2 807 80'4 807 807 79'6 801 
 
 Means 
 
 78-9 78-6 781 77'9 77'8 777 77'6 77'4 77'2 771 76'9 76'8 76'6 76'4 771 78'2 78'8 79'2 79'6 797 797 79'5 79'5 79-3 781 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 48 
 
190 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily ant 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h m hm h m h. m. h. m. h.m. h m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.re. h.m. h.m. ]i. m. li.m. h. m. h. m 
 4.4l' 5.41 0.41 7.41 8. . 10.41 11.41 12.41 18.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 April 3C 
 
 e 
 I 
 
 L 
 
 \ 
 
 t 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 E 
 
 S 
 1C 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 1 Q 
 
 Oi ^o 
 
 14 
 
 - 1 15 
 >H 16 
 
 X 17 
 S 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 rafi 7O.A r:a.ri 7c-,t 7ft-7 78-7 78'4< 77 ( ( 77*7 
 
 O 
 
 79-3 
 79-6 
 80-2 
 807 
 81-0 
 79-5 
 
 807 
 80-8 
 80'4 
 81-0 
 81-9 
 82-0 
 
 81-2 
 
 817 
 81-2 
 80-4 
 807 
 80-4 
 
 79-6 
 80-9 
 79-8 
 80-0 
 80-3 
 80-9 
 
 80-4 
 79-9 
 80-0 
 
 77'9 78-2 78'3 78'4 77'9 79-3 79-7 79'0 79-0 79-9 79'9 825 82'9 82-5 81'0 
 
 80-8 80-3 80-0 79-9 79'8 79'4 79'0 78-7 77'8 77-5 77'2 77-2 77'2 77'2 78'2 79'2 80'5 79 2 80'2 82'0 81-0 81'2 83-8 83'0 
 81-6 80-9 80-4 80'2 80'3 80-2 80'2 80-4 80'2 79-6 791 787 78'2 77-4 777 78'9 78-2 79'5 80'4 81-4 82'0 84-0 83'4 82'5 
 79-7 79-8 80-3 80'8 81'2 81-4 81'2 80'8 80'2 80-2 80'2 80'3 80-4 80'0 80-2 81 -0 81-2 81'9 82-1 807 81'4 81'2 81-1 79'4 
 80-6 81-1 Sl-2 81-3 81-4 81'2 81'2 80'5 80'2 79'5 78'9 79-1 79'2 78-7 80'2 80'9 81'4 82'3 82-6 83-1 82'3 81-9 83'2 82'8 
 81-3 78-7 80-4 80'6 80'8 80'2 80'6 807 80'2 80'3 fcO'4 78'3 76'2 73'4 75'2 77'4 77'6 817 80'2 80'2 81-2 81'0 81'4 79-5 
 
 r?n.o 70.0 7O. 7Q.Q Sfl-fi Rfl'^i 80-9 80-9 8O2 
 
 _ _ _ '80-7 81-2 80-7 80-2 79-2 80-1 80'7 81'4 82'0 81-4 81'6 81'4 82'3 82'4 82-4 
 82-5 82-3 82-1 82'2 82-2 82-0 817 81-2 81'2 80-2 79'2 78-8 78'4 78-2 77-4 78-9 80-0 80-9 81'8 81'2 82-0 821 81-1 82'0 
 82-1 82-3 82-1 82-1 82-1 82-0 82-1 82-1 82-1 81-7 81-4 81-2 80-9 79'1 79-2 79'4 80-1 78'0 77'9 76'4 76-9 781 79-4 81-3 
 81-9 81-2 80-2 80-2 797 81-2 81'7 81-2 81-2 80'3 79-4 79-2 79'0 78'4 79-4 79'4 81'3 82'0 81'2 82'9 83'3 82-9 82-9 83-1 
 82-1 82-1 82-3 82-1 821 821 81-7 81-2 80'8 80'5 80'2 80'2 80'2 80'2 807 821 82-4 82-8 82'6 831 S3'9 831 831 831 
 8-2-3 821 821 821 81-9 81-4 81'2 807 80'9 80'5 80-2 80 1 80'0 79-9 807 821 82-9 841 83'4 83'8 83'9 83'8 837 83-4 
 
 |co. A QO.Q C9-Q B9O S9'l 89-1 81 '7 81-9 81 '0 
 
 801 79'2 78'8 78-4 78-2 79-4 81-0 821 82'9 817 81'9 821 81'8 82-3 81'4 
 
 821 821 81-5 81-5 81-4 817 81-2 81'2 Sl'O 80'3 797 79-4 79'0 79-2 80'2 81-2 82'4 83'9 83"4 83'6 83-9 831 837 83'0 
 831 82 5 82-3 821 82-0 81'2 81-2 811 80-2 79'8 79-4 78'9 78'4 78'2 791 80-4 81'2 821 82'9 827 82'9 82-5 82'2 82'2 
 821 821 77-8 77-8 78'4 79-2 79'2 79'8 80'2 80'2 80'2 797 79'2 79'2 80-2 81-0 79'5 81'0 81'2 821 83'6 821 821 82'2 
 821 817 817 81-4 80-4 80-6 80-2 80'2 8O2 801 801 797 79'2 78'9 78'2 79-4 80'3 81'0 821 82'9 82'5 821 81-3 81'3 
 81-4 817 81-4 81-2 81-2 81-0 80'2 80'2 79'2 79'2 79'3 79-5 797 78'2 78'2 791 79'9 80-9 80'2 79'2 80'4 83'2 82'3 821 
 
 oo.i Ql.o Q1 .9 Q1 .9 81-9 81 '0 81 -9 807 80-2 
 
 7?-8 75'4 761 76'8 76'2 75-4 76-8 77 -f ) 79-2 81'2 817 81'6 82'0 81'6 80'6 
 
 80-8 80-4 79-8 79-6 79'4 80-2 80'2 80-0 79'4 79-3 79'2 79'3 79-4 79'4 80-0 81'2 821 827 82'8 83-6 831 83'3 83'6 82-9 
 821 81-8 81-2 82-9 82-4 82'3 821 821 81-2 801 791 78'0 76'8 75'2 76'4 76'2 777 78'9 80'2 80-4 80'0 79'2 79'8 80'0 
 801 80-0 80-0 80-0 80'0 80'2 80'0 797 79-2 79'2 79'2 78'9 78'5 78'2 79'6 79-2 79'4 80'0 81'2 82-8 82-3 817 821 79'5 
 79-5 79-6 79-6 79'6 79'6 80'2 80'2 80'2 80'0 79'8 79-6 79-4 79'2 787 79'6 80'2 80-4 81'0 817 81-4 81-0 81'2 821 82'4 
 82-3 81-2 81-4 81-4 81'2 81-0 80'4 80'2 80-2 79'9 79'4 79'3 79-2 79'0 79'6 80'2 80'2 807 821 83-8 82'6 82'2 821 81'2 
 
 on. a QI. Ql 'A ai-K 81-7 81 '8 81 '9 81 '0 8(V9 - 
 
 787 77'2 77'2 77'2 76-4 777 79-2 797 817 80'0 80'9 81-0 82'3 84'0 83'3 
 
 83-0 821 817 811 807 80-0 79-2 79'0 78'2 78'5 78'9 78'5 78'0 76-8 76-2 78-5 79'4 79'4 81'2 81'2 80'9 80-5 821 82'3 
 821 81-2 80'6 807 811 81'2 807 80'4 80'2 80'0 79'9 797 79'4 79'2 78'4 77'2 777 79'4 787 797 80-2 79'2 80'2 82-2 
 
 Means 
 
 81-6 81-2 80-9 80-9 80'9 80'9 807 gO'5 801 797 79'3 791 78'8 78'2 78'8 71 '6 fcO 2 i-1-0 813 S1'6 81-8 S1'9 e2'2 81-9 1 S0'5 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 O 
 
 g 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 Oi iq 
 
 iO J -*- ) 
 
 2 I* 
 
 W 15 
 g 16 
 
 P 17 
 H > 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25l 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 82-9 82-5 82-6 811 807 80'4 80'6 807 80'2 797 79'2 79'2 792 79'2 78'8 80'2 79'2 79'9 80'2 807 80'8 81-2 82-2 811 
 807 80-6 80-4 80'5 80'2 81'0 80'2 79'0 777 78-0 78'4 77'8 77'2 76'4 751 771 787 76'2 76-4 76'2 777 77'5 79'4 791 
 79-5 79-5 79-6 79'8 79-9 80'2 80'2 801 797 79'4 79 2 79'0 78'8 77'2 74'9 77'2 79'4 791 79'2 ?8'4 79'2 78'2 78'6 781 
 
 7Q-9 7Q-R Rfl-1 8fl-9 BO'9 8O9 80-9 80'1 7Q7 
 
 S0'5 
 78-4 
 78-9 
 
 79-4 
 797 
 80-0 
 79-0 
 79-0 
 79-0 
 
 78-0 
 77-8 
 771 
 767 
 
 777 
 78-3 
 
 77-3 
 77-4 
 77-6 
 78-4 
 77-9 
 781 
 
 78-9 
 777 
 781 
 787 
 78-9 
 
 78'9 78'2 77-5 76'8 76'2 77-3 T8'4 78'9 79-9 81-2 81 817 80'2 80'9 80'2 
 
 80-6 801 801 80-2 80-2 80-2 80'2 80'0 797 79'4 79-2 79'2 79'2 77-9 77'2 77-2 78-2 78-9 797 80'5 80'2 81-0 81'5 821 
 817 811 80-8 80-5 80'4 80'0 80'2 79'2 79'2 78'8 78'4 78'8 791 78'4 79-3 79'2 79-4 79-4 80-4 81'0 801 fcO'2 82-3 81-4 
 81-5 79'8 79-2 79'0 78'4 777 777 77"2 77'2 77'8 78'4 77'8 77'2 77"4 78-4 78'2 78'4 80'2 797 81-0 80'9 807 81-0 81'0 
 80-8 80-8 801 801 80'4 80'2 80'2 80'0 79'8 78'6 77'4 771 767 76'2 76'4 757 76'2 77-2 78'2 7'9 80'2 80'2 82-2 81'4 
 811 80-3 801 79-4 79'5 79'2 797 79'4 79'2 787 78'2 777 771 77'2 77-2 78'0 80'2 79'2 787 791 79'2 79'9 79-4 79'5 
 
 r;Q-l 7Q.9 7QO 78-^ 78'9 7(vO 7fi'9 7fi'0 7. e i'4. 
 
 __ 76-3 77-2 77-0 767 767 77-8 78'2 78'9 79-2 80'9 797 79'2 80-4 79-0 77'5 
 77-8 77'5 77-3 77'2 78'2 78'2 78-4 78'2 78'2 76'9 757 761 76-4 76-2 76'0 78'2 78-9 797 78'2 78'4 787 78'2 79'2 78-4 
 77-9 77-4 76-4 76'2 76'2 76'2 76'0 76'0 77'2 77'3 77'4 771 76'8 77'0 75-2 76'2 77'4 78-2 777 78'9 77'4 77'8 79'0 77'6 
 78-0 771 767 76'6 76'2 76-2 76-2 76'0 75 : 8 76'2 76'6 75-9 75-2 73'8 74-2 76-4 77'2 78'2 78-0 77'4 78'2 79'6 78'5 77'4 
 781 78-2 78-5 791 78'2 777 77'2 76'9 76'2 76"2 76'2 76'0 757 75-4 76'0 77'4 78'2 78'9 80-2 787 791 7S'4 79'4 801 
 791 79-2 79-4 79'2 79-2 79'2 79'2 78'4 77'2 77'2 77'2 77'0 76'8 76'2 76-2 77'2 78'2 777 77'4 777 78'9 80'6 79-8 801 
 
 on.o Qf\-A 7Q''^ 7Q'9 7Q 9 7Q'9 7Q'0 78-9 7fi'8 
 
 75-0 73-2 73-8 74-4 74'8 74-2 75-2 76'2 767 77-9 77'0 78'0 787 78'6 79-0 
 79-3 79-4 78-0 79'2 79'2 78'2 777 77'2 76'2 75-6 751 74'4 73-6 73-9 75'0 76-3 76'4 77-0 77-6 777 79'0 801 80'3 811 
 77-6 77-2 79-0 797 75'4 76-2 76'2 76'2 75'9 75-6 75-4 75-3 75'2 74-9 75-4 76-8 77'8 79-0 80-2 80'0 80'6 81-0 81-4 81'5 
 Sl-3 79-4 79-0 78'4 797 79-2 78'9 78'4 78'2 77-3 76'4 76'2 75-9 75'4 761 771 78'2 78'2 78'4 79-2 79'4 80-2 80'9 80'2 
 80-0 79-2 79-2 80'2 800 80-0 79-2 79-2 787 78-0 77-4 76-8 76'2 75-3 75'2 76-4 75'2 76-2 76'2 77-0 781 77'9 78'3 79-6 
 811 801 78-5 79-4 79'5 79-4 79-2 787 787 78-4 78'2 777 771 75-4 7.V4 76'8 75'2 75-4 76-4 76-2 77"5 80'2 79'8 79'6 
 
 7Q-c: Qf\'A QH-H 7Q'*3 'TQ- 1\ 7Q-9 7Q-1 *7Q'O 7ft -7 
 
 --------- 78-0 77-3 771 76'8 76-2- 77-2 79-4 80'2 79'2 787 791 78'2 80'2 811 80'3 
 79-8 79-5 79-3 79-3 79'0 79'0 79'2 78'4 75-2 75'8 76'4 76'3 76'2 76-2 76-2 777 76-2 76-4 75'2 76'9 777 77'8 80'5 80'3 
 80-6 787 78-2 781 78'2 78'2 78'2 78'2 78'0 777 77-4 77'3 77'2 76'8 78'0 78-4 77-2 77-2 76-2 78'2 78'6 777 79-0 801 
 79-9 80-8 777 78'6 784 78'2 78-2 78-2 781 77'6 77'2 767 76'2 76'2 76'8 78-2 79'2 78'2 78'4 78'9 797 82-0 80'4 83'9 
 81-5 80-3 80-2 801 80'2 797 79 7 787 767 76-4 76'2 761 75-9 757 76~8 777 78'2 79'2 807 81-0 80'9 81-2 80'4 80'6 
 
 Means 
 
 80-0 79-5 79-2 79'2 79'0 78'8 787 78'4 77'8 77'5 77'2 77'0 767 76'2 76-4 77-5 78'0 78'3 78'5 78-8 79'2 797 801 80'0| 78'4 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily meana. 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 191 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon I 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 If. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 )aily anc 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 *!ean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m, h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4*1 5.41 0.11 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 18.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 o> 13 
 
 SB 14 
 
 Z 15 
 S 16 
 
 B 17 
 ^ 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 80-6 80-4 80-0 79-9 79-4 79'2 787 78'2 78'2 77'8 77'4 77-1 76'8 75'2 75-4 75-2 76'2 77-2 79-2 81'2 81-2 81'2 79'4 79'3 
 
 BOH 7Q-R 7CV1 7Q-O 7Q'O 7Q-9 7Q-9 8O9 70-9 - 
 
 
 
 78-5 
 
 79-6 
 791 
 79-3 
 
 797 
 80-4 
 801 
 
 79-2 
 77-8 
 75-6 
 791 
 78-4 
 78-3 
 
 771 
 75-9 
 77-1 
 767 
 76-6 
 76-5 
 
 76-6 
 761 
 76-4 
 76-8 
 76-2 
 781 
 
 78-6 
 
 79-2 79-2 78-8 78'4 78'2 78'4 79-3 79'9 81'0 81-2 81-7 80'2 807 81-3 79-4 
 79-2 79-4 78-7 79-2 79'2 79'2 79'2 79'2 79'2 79'1 79'0 78'2 77'4 77'2 78-4 787 78'2 78'9 79'4 80'0 811 797 80-2 80'3 
 80-4 80-5 79-8 79'6 79'4 79'2 79'0 79'2 79'2 78'8 78'4 77'9 77'4 77'2 78-4 77'2 79'4 80'2 81'0 80-4 797 80'2 79'6 81-4 
 81-1 81-1 80-1 78-9 787 787 78'8 78'2 78'2 781 78-0 77'6 77'2 777 78'4 797 80-2 81'0 82'0 817 81'2 827 82'9 81-4 
 81-3 81-3 81-2 81-2 811 S0'2 80'2 800 SO'O 797 79 4 79'2 79'0 787 79'4 80'2 80'0 797 79'9 81-2 821 82'1 821 81'3 
 81-0 80-4 80-2 797 79'2 79'6 797 79'4 79'2 79'2 79'2 791 78'9 787 79'0 79'8 80'2 797 797 82-1 82'6 82'0 82'2 82'0 
 81 -Q 89-1 78-9 78-2 79-2 78-Q 79-2 7Q-2 79-2 
 
 78-2 77-2 76-8 76'4 75'9 76-8 77'6 78'2 80-2 80'9 80'5 817 81-2 80'9 81-2 
 81-2 80-8 80-1 80-0 80'2 78'5 78'2 78'2 78'2 777 77'2 77'0 767 76'4 77-2 76'2 757 757 75'0 76'0 77-2 78'2 77'9 77'2 
 77-3 77-1 76-6 76'6 76'2 747 74-2 74'2 74-2 74-1 74'0 737 73'4 73'2 73'4 73'2 73-2 757 76'5 76'9 77'8 78'2 79 : 4 79'6 
 79-5 79-4 79-5 79'4 78-2 78'2 78'4 78'2 78'2 777 77'2 77'0 767 76'2 77-0 78'0 79-2 80'9 82'0 82'6 82'1 81'9 80'3 807 
 807 80-6 797 79'4 75'2 75'0 75'2 75'2 75'9 75'8 757 76'0 76-2 76-2 77-2 78'2 79'4 80'2 81'4 80'4 81'0 817 82-1 82'3 
 80-9 80-3 80'3 79'4 79'2 77'2 75'2 75'6 757 76'3 76'8 76-9 77-0 77'2 77-2 78'0 787 79'2 79'5 79'4 80'2 79'5 80'0 79'3 
 7Q-4. 7Q7 7Q-8 7Q-7 7P7 7 r >-6 7T'2 7V4 74-9 
 
 76-1 77-4 76-8 76'2 76'2 76'4 76'4 76'5 77'4 76'8 76'4 777 77'2 77"4 77'3 
 77-1 76-9 76-4 74-3 75'0 75'4 76'0 757 757 74'9 74'2 74'2 74'2 73'4 73-9 73'9 74'2 76'9 77'2 787 78'5 78'2 78-1 78'1 
 78-8 78-4 78-1 77'9 77'5 77'2 77-4 77'1 76'2 75'8 75'4 75'1 747 74'2 74'2 75'4 76'8 77'2 77'2 78'2 79'2 79'2 79'2 79-0 
 78-1 77-3 77-3 77'0 77'0 767 767 76'2 75'2 75'2 75'2 75'3 75'4 75'2 75'0 75'2 76'8 76'8 77-2 77'4 78'2 78'9 787 79'6 
 80-2 79-2 78-2 77'2 76'9 767 76'2 757 75'2 74'8 74'4 74'3 74'2 73'2 73'2 74'2 76'2 77'2 78'2 78'0 78'0 78'2 78'8 79'1 
 78-3 74-6 75-1 75'4 76-1 76'0 757 75'8 75'2 75'2 75'2 74'8 74'4 73'3 73'8 75'4 76'8 79'0 79'0 787 79'0 79'4 79'2 79'6 
 78-7 78-9 77-9 77-4, 77-S 77-2 76'9 767 76-2 
 
 75-8 75-4 74-9 74'3 73'2 73'2 74'6 747 757 77'2 76'2 78'2 79'5 79'0 79'0 
 79-1 78-6 74-1 75'2 75'6 76'2 75'8 75'4 75'2 747 74'3 747 75'0 73'4 73 74'9 75'9 77'0 78'2 77'9 781 78-0 77'9 77'4 
 781 77-4 76-3 75-9 757 757 75'6 75'2 75-2 75'0 74'9 74'9 74'9 73'2 74-0 75'4 76'2 77'0 78'2 79'4 797 79'0 791 78-0 
 77-8 77'6 77-0 77'0 76'6 767 76'9 77'2 777 77'2 76'8 76'5 76'2 74'3 73'2 75'0 76'2 76'4 78'0 767 78'9 78'2 781 777 
 77-2 77-3 77-3 76-0 75'5 75'9 75'4 75'2 75-2 75'5 75'9 761 76'2 74'0 76'2 75'4 747 74'9 76'0 767 76'4 78'2 78'5 78'4 
 781 781 77-9 78'2 79'2 79'4 79-2 78'9 77'9 77'5 77-2 76'2 75'2 75'2 75'8 77'2 777 78'2 78'0 78'9 79'0 80'2 80'4 80'5 
 81'3 811 80'9 80'6 80 - " 7 9'2 79'2 78'2 777 
 
 77-4 77-2 76-8 76'3 767 76 2 77'4 777 76'4 78'2 79'2 79'9 78'5 80'4 80'3 
 
 Means 79'5 791 78'5 78'2 77'9 77-5 77-4 77'2 77-0 76'8 76'6 76'4 76'1 75'5 75'9 76'6 77'3 78-1 787 79-1 79-6 79-7 797 79-6 1 77-8 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 ~ 13 
 
 EH 14 
 cc i r 
 tj 15 
 
 O 16 
 
 5 17 
 
 ^ 18 
 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 80-9 801 791 79-6 79'8 797 79'2 79'2 79'2 79'4 79-6 79-4 792 77'9 78'2 787 79'4 80'2 79'4 79'4 79'8 81'2 821 82'0 
 80-9 801 79-2 79'0 79'2 79'0 79'2 79'4 79'8 79'3 78'8 78'5 78-2 787 78-9 797 80'2 80'2 777 787 79'4 80-4 82'2 83'2 
 81-9 81-4 80-4 80-2 80'2 80'2 80'0 79'2 777 76'2 747 74-3 73'9 73'4 73-9 75'2 75'5 76'4 777 78'2 79-9 80'3 80'0 81-3 
 80-6 797 797 79-6 79'0 78'8 78'9 787 787 78-4 78'2 78'2 78'2 78'0 767 75-8 761 76'2 76'8 78-2 79-4 79-3 821 81'3 
 80-9 80-8 80-3 80'2 801 79'9 79'2 787 787 78'4 78'2 777 77'2 767 777 791 79'9 81-0 80'4 811 82-0 82'9 82'9 82 3 
 81 -fi 81 -S 80-0 80-0 79'6 79'2 7Q'2 787 787 - 
 
 79-7 
 79-6 
 78-0 
 78-6 
 79-8 
 
 79-2 
 
 781 
 787 
 77-7 
 78-5 
 77-6 
 
 77-4 
 77-1 
 77-6 
 77-5 
 767 
 76-8 
 
 77-0 
 77-2 
 767 
 76'5 
 767 
 78-0 
 
 77-5 
 77-8 
 77-3 
 76-6 
 
 78-9 79'2 78-2 77'2 76'2 777 78'4 79'4 79'4 79'2 797 80'4 80'2 79'6 791 
 791 78-9 77-3 77-9 77'9 777 77'8 777 77'2 77'2 77'2 77'0 767 76'2 77-0 781 787 78'2 79-4 79-0 79'4 79 2 79-6 79'3 
 79-0 77-6 77-3 77-4 77'4 77'2 777 78-2 787 78'3 77'9 77'6 77'2 76'9 767 78'2 787 79'4 80'0 80'2 81'8 82'3 821 81'2 
 811 80-0 791 79-4 79-9 79-8 79-2 78-9 78'2 777 77-2 767 76'2 757 76-2 77'2 74'4 75-4 757 76'2 76-2 77'4 781 791 
 79-9 78-9 78-5 78-4 78'4 78'2 78'4 78'2 78'2 77'6 771 77'3 77'4 77'9 77-2 787 787 79-2 78'2 78-9 787 79-2 80'3 80'6 
 804 80-4 80-4 79-5 77-5 77'2 76'2 76'2 76-2 76'0 75'9 75'6 75'2 74-2 74-2 757 76'4 77-4 78'2 78'2 79-2 80-2 807 80'2 
 79 9 79'4 78'8 77 2 76'2 75-2 74'5 747 74-2 
 
 75-5 76-9 76-4 75'9 747 75-4 757 77'6 78'2 79'0 79'9 80'2 80'8 81'4 80'0 
 77-9 77-8 77-9 771 76'5 76'0 75-2 75'2 75-2 75'2 75'2 751 74-9 75'2 75-2 77'2 78'2 78'4 78'4 78'9 79'4 80'0 79-8 80'9 
 79-9 80-2 79-9 79'2 75'5 747 75'4 75'2 76-2 75-8 75'5 75-4 75'2 74 7 75'4 76-9 777 777 78'9 79'6 80-4 80'2 81-4 81'0 
 791 77-9 77-3 77'8 78 2 78'2 78'2 77'5 77-0 76'6 76'2 76'4 76-6 767 75'9 75-9 76-8 77'4 78'2 78 2 78'9 793 80'2 74-9 
 74-2 771 781 777 77'6 77'2 77-2 77'4 77'2 77'2 77'2 767 76-2 74-4 74'2 747 75-4 76'2 77'2 77'4 77-4 77'4 77-3 78'3 
 78-3 781 77-6 77'4 77'3 77'2 77'2 77'4 77'2 77'0 76'9 771 77-2 77'2 76-2 76'4 757 76-2 75'4 757 75'5 761 761 76'3 
 76'3 76- 76'3 76 3 76'2 76'2 75'8 757 75'2 
 
 757 76-2 76-0 757 75 4 75-2 76-4 77-2 78-2 78'6 79-2 78'4 80'2 80'0 80'4 
 79-6 79-5 78-8 78'8 787 79-2 77'2 76'4 76'2 75'9 757 757 757 75-2 75-4 76'2 767 77'0 777 77-9 78'2 77-9 76'4 76-3 
 76-9 791 79-4 791 781 77-2 76'8 76'2 75-4 751 74'8 74'6 74'4 73'6 73-6 747 76'2 77-4 780 777 78'2 781 78-5 78'0 
 78-0 771 76-8 76'2 76'2 767 76'6 76'2 76'2 76'2 76'2 761 75-9 75 2 74'2 74 2 75-4 76-2 76-2 76'2 77'2 79-2 78'4 78'9 
 78-2 77-4 76-6 76-4 76'2 76'2 767 76'2 76-2 75-9 757 75-9 76-0 76-0 74-4 757 76'8 767 76'4 77'9 777 80-3 78'5 78'0 
 78-2 78-3 78-2 78-2 78'4 78'2 77-9 77'9 777 777 777 77'5 77'2 75-9 7. r r6 77 2 78'0 781 77'4 79'2 79'2 79-0 79'5 79'8 
 79'9 78'6 78'9 79'0 79 - 787 791 78 - 9 78'2 
 
 777 77-2 771 76-9 75-2 73'9 74'9 74-2 75-2 76'4 76'2 78'2 78'8 79'0 78'2 
 801 79-9 78-3 77'5 77-5 77'2 76'9 767 76'2 767 77-2 77'0 767 76 2 75-2 77-2 77-4 777 78'2 78-5 79'0 787 807 80-4 
 79-4 79-0 80-0 79'3 79'0 78'2 78'2 77-2 78'0 77-6 77-2 77'2 77-2 752 73-2 747 76'0 761 767 76'9 767 78'2 77-3 77'0 
 77-0 79-3 79-0 77'4 77'6 77'4 77'2 76-8 76'2 76-0 75'9 757 75-5 747 74'6 75-2 757 767 77-2 76'6 77-2 77'2 76'0 767 
 
 Means 
 
 79-2 79-0 78-6 78-4 78'0 77'8 77'6 77'4 77'2 77'0 76-9 767 76'4 75-8 75'6 76'6 771 777 77'9 78'3 78'8 79'4 79'6 79-41 77'8 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
192 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 
 
 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 h. m. 
 
 4.41 
 
 h. in. 
 5.41 
 
 h. in. h . in. 
 B.H 7.41 
 
 h. m. 
 8.41 
 
 h. m. 
 9.41 
 
 h. m. 
 10.41 
 
 h. in. 
 11.41 
 
 h. m. 
 12.41 
 
 h. m. 
 13.41 
 
 h.m. 
 14.41 
 
 h.m. 
 15.41 
 
 h.m. 
 16.41 
 
 h. m. 
 17.41 
 
 h. m. 
 18.41 
 
 h. m 
 19.41 
 
 h. m. 
 20.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. 
 21. 41. 22.41 
 
 h. m. 
 23.41 
 
 h. m. 
 0.41 
 
 h. m. 
 1.41 
 
 h. m. 
 2.41 
 
 h. m. 
 3.41 
 
 Daily ano 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 O5 
 "5 
 OO 
 
 ffl 
 
 a 
 
 PU 
 K 
 02 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 o 
 
 76-9 
 81-2 
 77-6 
 
 78-2 
 78-8 
 78-9 
 79-9 
 77-4 
 79-1 
 
 80-7 
 80-9 
 75-4 
 80-5 
 72-9 
 79-2 
 
 79-9 
 80-8 
 78-7 
 78-2 
 79-8 
 79-8 
 
 78-0 
 78-2 
 75-7 
 75-1 
 
 30| 77-2 
 
 o 
 
 77-3 
 81-1 
 80-9 
 
 79-1 
 78-9 
 79-1 
 79-7 
 78-3 
 79-3 
 
 80-1 
 80-1 
 73-9 
 80-1 
 74-1 
 78-9 
 
 78-6 
 80-4 
 78-2 
 77-6 
 78-2 
 79-1 
 
 77-2 
 77-3 
 75-8 
 74-4 
 76-2 
 
 o o 
 
 77-4 78-0 
 80-4 80-2 
 80-3 80-5 
 
 78-4 79-1 
 79-3 79-4 
 78-8 
 77-6 
 78-4 
 79-4 
 
 78-9 
 79-4 
 78-2 
 79-3 
 
 79-4 79-4 
 
 79-8 79-8 
 
 75-6 75-4 
 
 74-2 73-3 
 
 78-4 77-6 
 
 78-4 78-4 
 
 79-0 78-3 
 
 79-9 79-5 
 
 77-7 77-4 
 
 77-4 77-2 
 
 78-2 78-1 
 
 79-0 78-3 
 
 76-9 77-0 
 
 77-0 77-1 
 
 76-0 76-0 
 
 74-9 74-6 
 
 76'2 76-4 
 
 o 
 
 78-4 
 80-0 
 80-3 
 
 78-6 
 79-4 
 79-1 
 77'4 
 78-5 
 79-4 
 
 792 
 79-2 
 
 75-2 
 72-8 
 78-2 
 78-2 
 
 78-3 
 80-0 
 78-2 
 77'9 
 78-4 
 78-4 
 
 77-2 
 77-0 
 76-2 
 74-2 
 76-5 
 
 o 
 
 78-2 
 78-2 
 80-4 
 
 77-4 
 79-2 
 79-4 
 78-4 
 79-0 
 79-2 
 
 79-4 
 79-2 
 75-5 
 74-7 
 78-7 
 78-7 
 
 77-7 
 79-7 
 77-7 
 77-2 
 777 
 78-2 
 
 777 
 76-7 
 75-7 
 74-2 
 76-4 
 
 o o 
 
 77-4 77-2 
 77-4 76-2 
 80-2 76-2 
 
 77-2 78-2 
 79-4 79-8 
 79-2 79-4 
 
 77-7 78-4 
 76-4 78-2 
 79-2 78-4 
 
 79-2 78-7 
 
 78-9 78-7 
 
 74-2 74-2 
 
 76-2 76-7 
 
 78-4 78-2 
 
 78-4 78-2 
 
 77-4 77-8 
 
 79-2 79-0 
 
 77-2 77-2 
 
 77-2 77-5 
 
 77-7 77-2 
 
 77-7 77-4 
 
 77-9 77-4 
 76-4 75-9 
 75-4 75-4 
 74-2 74-2 
 76-2 75-9 
 
 o o o 
 77-2 76-2 75-2 
 75-6 75-4 75-2 
 75-4 - 
 
 75-5 75-7 
 78-2 78-2 78-2 
 80-0 79-5 79-0 
 79-6 78-4 
 78-6 
 77-5 
 
 oooooooooooool 
 75-0 74-7 75-8 74'0 76D 76-2 76-2 77-2 76'4 77'2 77'2 76'1 76'3 ! 
 75-2 75-2 74-9 75'2 76'0 76-7 76'4 77'2 77'2 77'6 78'2 77-5 77'8 
 
 78-9 
 77-7 
 77-2 
 
 77-2 
 78-4 
 77-4 
 
 75-5 75-2 
 77-7 77-2 
 77-2 75-4 
 76-6 
 78-0 
 
 77-7 
 
 76-0 
 77-5 
 77-9 
 
 76-2 75-3 75-2 76'2 77'2 78'2 78'0 78'2 777 79-4 78-5 
 73-2 75'0 74-4 75'2 75'4 76'2 77'2 77'2 78-2 79-2 79'1 
 75-9 76-4 76-9 77'2 77'2 777 77'8 
 76'1 76'2 76D 76'2 
 
 76-0 76-1 
 
 78-0 78-2 78-2 
 78-4 78-0 77-9 
 
 76-7 
 77-2 
 
 79-4 8C"z 
 76-4 77'3 77-0 
 
 77-2 767 77'2 76'6 77'4 82'0 80'6 
 
 77-7 78-2 
 
 79-0 79-1 
 
 78-5 78-4 
 
 74-4 74-7 
 
 76-3 
 
 77-2 
 
 78-9 
 78-7 
 74-2 
 76-9 
 77-4 
 
 78-2 - 
 
 77-4 
 77-2 76-5 
 78-2 78-4 
 77-4 77-2 
 77-2 76-9 
 77-2 77-7 
 77-2 - 
 
 78-7 80-2 
 78-0 77-5 77-0 
 75-7 75-7 
 75-2 75-2 
 74-4 74-2 
 75-2 75-4 
 
 75-7 
 77-0 
 
 76-6 
 75-9 
 
 78-7 
 77-0 
 76-7 
 
 78-2 
 
 78-5 78-8 
 77-5 75-9 
 76-8 
 74-2 
 75-0 
 
 76-8 
 
 75-2 
 73-7 
 74-2 
 76-6 
 
 76-3 75-9 
 75-2 74-4 
 78-6 78-4 
 76-6 76-2 
 76-5 76-2 
 78-1 78-0 
 
 79-2 78-9 80-2 80'5 80'2 812 81-4 82'1 82'3 81-2 81'2 
 
 76-0 75-7 767 78'2 S0'2 80'4 79'6 80'6 81-2 82-1 82-1 
 
 75-0 75-2 76-2 77'2 78'2 79-2 80'2 80'2 81'2 82-9 81-3 
 
 74-2 73-2 74-0 76'2 78'2 77'6 79'2 fcO'2 81'2 82'9 81'0 
 
 73-2 74'4 76-0 76'9 77'4 79'2 80'2 80'2 80'2 82-1 81'0 
 
 77-2 77-2 78'2 777 78'9 80'2 807 80'2 SO'O 79'8 78'9 
 
 75-2 75-9 76-4 78'0 79'2 80'2 70'2 81'2 81'2 80'8 80'2 
 
 73-0 73-4 75-2 78'2 79'2 78'6 89'9 80'4 807 60'2 80'3 
 
 79-9 80-6 81-2 80'2 80'2 79'6 79'1 
 
 77-7 79-2 
 78-2 
 
 77-4 78-2 
 
 75-9 76-7 78-2 79'2 79'2 79-6 78'9 79'2 79'5 787 79'2 
 
 76-2 76-9 77-4 78'2 79'2 80'2 80'2 80'0 80'2 80-1 79-6 
 
 78-0 78-0 78-7 79-2 80-0 80'2 60'2 80-2 80-4 80'2 79'8 
 
 79-7 79-2 77-7 77-8 77'2 777 79-2 80-0 79'2 80'2 79-2 777 78'Oi 
 76-3 75-6 76-2 77'5 77'2 77'9 77'8 777 76'2 76'4 76'3 79-0 77-5 ' 
 757 757 75-2 747 75-2 75'2 75-2 73'2 73-4 74'2 75-2 75-4 76'1 
 75-6 76-0 75-2 74'9 747 74-2 74-2 747 75'2 75'2 75-4 76'1 75'5 j 
 73-8 73-4 737 74-0 75-2 757 77-2 79-2 79'2 78'9 78'2 78-1 78-1 
 75-6 75-4 75-2 75'4 76'2 77'2 78'4 80-2 80'4 807 80'9 81'9 80- 1 
 
 757 
 75-2 
 74-1 
 
 757 
 
 o 
 
 76-6 
 77-3 
 
 75-2 73-4 737 75'2 76'2 76'4 767 77'9 77'8 77'4 77'9 77'1 
 
 777 
 777 
 78-0 
 77-8 
 78-1 
 
 797 
 79-1 
 78-8 
 76-2 
 77-0 
 77-9 
 
 78-4 
 777 
 79-3 
 78-0 
 78-0 
 787 
 
 78-6 
 77-2 
 757 
 75-4 
 75-6 
 77-3 
 
 Means 78"4 78'2 78'1 77'9 77'9 77'9 77'6 77'4 77'2 77'0 76'9 76'5 76'1 75'8 75'9 76'5 77'2 77'8 78'4 78'5 78'8 79'0 79-5 79-1 777 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 12 
 S 13 
 
 i is 
 
 a 16 
 
 17 
 
 O 18 
 O 19 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 79-9 79-0 78-1 77'2 77-0 757 75-2 75-1 74-6 
 
 78-8 
 80-2 
 80-1 
 81-3 
 80-0 
 79-2 
 
 78-2 
 77-8 
 77-2 
 75-2 
 77-6 
 76-2 
 
 77-9 
 77-6 
 74-2 
 78-9 
 76-9 
 76-1 
 
 74-3 
 737 
 72-3 
 72-8 
 76-2 
 757 
 
 79-2 79-2 79-2 
 
 797 76-3 76-6 
 
 79-5 79-6 79-1 
 
 75-6 77-3 79 4 
 
 80-6 80-2 80-1 
 
 80-0 80-2 80-2 
 
 77-2 77-2 757 
 
 77-5 77-4 77-2 
 
 78-3 79-0 78-0 
 
 77-4 77-2 
 
 77-4 77-2 
 
 78-6 77-8 
 
 76-2 
 
 78-1 
 77-2 
 
 777 78-1 77-4 
 76-4 76-5 77-0 
 73-5 73-4 74-0 
 767 77-0 76-6 
 76-3 76-5 76-0 
 76-0 75-8 75-4 
 
 737 73-5 73-4 
 
 73-2 73-0 73-1 
 
 72-5 72-4 72-3 
 
 72-3 72-5 72-3 
 
 76-3 75-4 75-2 
 
 74-2 74-2 73-9 
 
 78-9 
 76-2 
 78-2 
 79-2 
 80-2 
 79-9 
 
 75-4 
 
 77-2 
 77-0 
 76-9 
 77-2 
 77-2 
 
 78-3 
 76-4 
 74-4 
 76-2 
 75-3 
 75-4 
 
 73-2 
 73-2 
 72-3 
 72-5 
 75-2 
 73-4 
 
 787 78-2 
 76-2 76-2 
 77'4 77-2 
 78-2 77-2 
 79-4 78-9 
 79-4 78-8 
 
 76-2 76-2 
 77-2 77-8 
 76-2 76-2 
 77-2 77-0 
 76 6 7(5-2 
 76-9 757 
 
 777 77-2 
 76-2 76-2 
 747 75-2 
 75-9 75-2 
 75-2 75-2 
 75-2 75-2 
 
 73-6 737 
 73-4 74-0 
 73-2 73-2 
 73-2 73-2 
 74-2 74-2 
 73-2 73-2 
 
 78-2 
 76-4 
 77-2 
 77-2 
 78-4 
 78-5 
 
 76-0 
 77-2 
 75-2 
 767 
 76-2 
 75'2 
 
 76-4 
 757 
 75-2 
 74-9 
 75-0 
 74-8 
 
 73-4 
 74-2- 
 73-2 
 74-2 
 74-0 
 73-1 
 
 777 
 76-6 
 76-8 
 77-2 
 77-9 
 75-4 
 
 75-4 
 77-0 
 75-2 
 76-2 
 76-0 
 75-2 
 
 76-0 
 75-1 
 
 747 
 74-2 
 75-0 
 
 74-2 
 
 73-2 
 74-2 
 73-1 
 74-2 
 74-2 
 73-1 
 
 75-2 75-9 757 75-4 73'8 73'2 74'4 76-ti 78'2 79'4 78-5 79O 78'4 79-5 79-4 
 
 76-9 76-2 757 75-2 74-4 75'4 76'2 777 78'9 787 79-2 81'2 807 8M 81'4 
 
 767 76-8 76-6 76-4 77'2 76'1 77'0 77-5 78'8 79'2 79-4 79'2 79'4 80'1 79'2 
 
 76-9 77-0 77-1 77'2 777 77'0 77'2 78'1 79'0 79'4 80'2 79'4 81-3 81'2 82-1 
 
 767 76-2 757 75'2 75'2 75'4 767 78'2 78'2 79'0 79'6 79-4 80'2 797 79'0 
 
 77-5 77-2 767 76'2 75'2 75'2 75'6 75'9 767 77'5 78'0 79'2 78'2 78'6 79'0 
 
 75-8 76-2 75-2 74 2 74-0 75'2 76'2 77'2 78'2 787 77'8 78'2 79'0 74'1 79'0 
 
 74-9 74-4 747 75'0 74'4 747 75 4 757 76-2 76'2 75-6 77'2 777 77-6 77'4 
 
 76-6 76-2 757 75'2 747 75'2 76-2 77-2 78'2 77'5 767 76'4 75'6 76'2 77-0 
 
 75-4 7o-6 75-9 76'2 75'4 76'2 77'4 79'0 787 78'9 78'8 79'2 79'4 79-0 75'0 
 
 76-2 76-2 76-0 75-8 750 74'4 75'4 74-2 75'2 777 78'4 790 77'8 76'9 76'9 
 
 75-4 74-8 74-6 74'4 74'2 747 75'4 76'4 78'2 78'8 78'8 82'0 81-6 78'3 74'1 
 
 76-4 777 77-3 
 75-1 74-2 74'2 
 75-1 75-2 747 
 74-3 74-0 73-9 
 74-2 74-2 74-1 
 
 76-8 
 74-2 
 74-2 
 737 
 73-9 
 
 75-2 75-4 75-9 76'3 
 
 76-4 77-2 78-3 
 74-4 767 767 
 73-2 74-4 76-0 767 
 73-9 73-6 76-4 797 
 72-8 74-2 75-9 76'8 
 76-2 75-4 77-0 77-9 
 
 78-9 80-2 79-0 79-4 80'2 80-1 79'6 77'4 
 77-4 78-4 78-2 77-6 767 78-2 77-5 777 
 76-8 
 
 76-4 76-0 
 80-2 82-4 82-1 
 78-1 79-0 78-2 
 78-2 747 76-0 
 
 77-1 76-0 
 807 777 
 787 77-6 
 77-4 777 
 
 75-4 74-9 
 77-2 78-2 
 78-2 77-6 
 77-0 76-4 
 
 73-2 72-2 71-3 70'3 70'8 72'0 747 75'5 74-6 75'4 777 77'2 76D 74'4 74'5 
 
 72-3 71-5 71-0 70-5 69'3 71-1 73'2 73'2 74-4 73'8 75-2 74'6 73'1 74'2 74-5 
 
 737 73-2 73-2 73'2 72'3 7] "3 72'3 74-0 73'4 73-2 73'6 73'1 
 
 73-9 74-8 74-0 73'2 73'2 74-0 74'2 74'2 74-8 73-6 72'9 
 
 74-8 75'4 757 75'9 744 75'3 74'4 76"2 77'4 767 77'2 
 
 73-4 727 72-0 
 72-5 72-5 72-6 72'5 
 76-4 77-0 77-1 78-1 
 
 77-4 75-9 74-6 742 73'9 73'4 73'2 73-6 73'2 
 
 74-2 74-2 73-5 72'8 72-8 73-2 73'4 74'1 75'0 75'9 76'0 76'0 75'4 75'0 75'8 
 
 73-6 74-2 74-1 73-9 73'0 73'9 74'5 75-2 76-2 77'0 78'4 76'9 78'8 78'5 78'1 
 737 742 74-3 74-4 74'2 752 76'2 78'2 757 75-2 74-4 75'2 75'2 74'4 74-4 
 
 76-8 
 
 78-2 
 777 
 78-6 
 77-8 
 78-0 
 
 77-5 
 76-0 
 767 
 77-2 
 76-5 
 76-8 
 
 777 
 76-8 
 75-8 
 76-1 
 76-2 
 76-2 
 
 74-5 
 73-1 
 73-2 
 73-2 
 75-0 
 747 
 
 75-0 
 
 74-8 
 
 Means 77'1 76'6 76'6 76-4 76-2 75'9 75'8 75-6 75'2 75'1 75-1 74-9 74'6 74'5 74'6 75'6 76'6 77'2 77'4 77'5 77'8 77'6 77-2 77'0 | 76'2 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 193 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Gottingeu 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1! 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Dailyand 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. b. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. ro. h. m. h.m. h m h.m. h. m. h. m. h m- h. m 
 Ml f.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 8.-I1 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 18.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 - i? 
 
 S 11 
 
 2 12 
 P3 13 
 8 14 
 8 15 
 1 16 
 t> 17 
 18 
 B 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 1 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooo oooooooo 
 74-2 74-2 74-3 74'2 74-3 73'6 737 73'2 73'2 73-3 73'4 737 73'9 73'4 73'2 731 72'8 75'2 75'9 76'2 75'4 74'3 74'0 741 
 73-2 73-0 731 73'2 72'8 73'2 72-8 72'3 72'3 72'2 721 71'8 71-5 701 69-5 7Q-9 72'4 74'2 75O 74-9 74'2 73'9 73'4 72 9 
 72-3 72-3 72-2 72'2 72-2 72-3 72-3 72-6 72'3 72-3 72'4 72'5 72'5 71-8 72'3 731 73'8 74-4 75-2 75'2 73'4 74-2 73'0 731 
 72-8 72-6 72-7 72'4 72-6 731 72-8 72-8 72-5 72-7 73'0 72 6 72'2 71-9 72-4 73'9 74-0 73'2 74-2 73'2 757 74'2 73-4 74'0 
 72 - 8 72'8 727 72'5 727 73'2 72'9 72 - 8 
 
 O 
 
 74-0 
 727 
 72-9 
 731 
 
 72-8 
 75-3 
 76-4 
 75-8 
 76-3 
 75-8 
 
 75-8 
 74-6 
 737 
 75-3 
 75-4 
 76-4 
 
 74-0 
 69-3 
 72-5 
 75-0 
 747 
 737 
 
 73-8 
 751 
 76-3 
 76-9 
 
 71-5 71-5 71-2 711 717 721 70'5 73'2 73'4 74'6 74-2 73'5 74'0 73'8 74'2 74-2 
 74 73-9 74-2 74'2 74-2 74'5 74'2 747 75'2 74'0 74-4 76-0 75'8 75'4 74'2 75-2 76'2 76-4 77'2 77'4 78'0 76'8 751 75'3 
 76-3 76-4 75-4 75'0 747 75-2 75-0 75-2 75'4 757 75'9 74-8 75'0 75'8 757 76'4 77-4 78'2 78'8 78'5 79'2 78'6 77-3 76'9 
 76-4 75-9 75-8 758 75-2 75'2 751 74-8 75'2 75'0 75'4 75-2 74-4 74'4 74-9 757 76'4 777 76-2 76'2 77'0 77'2 77'4 77'3 
 76-4 76-8 76-2 76'2 76'0 757 75'4 75-2 76'2 757 76'0 75'2 74-9 74'9 747'75'8 76'9 78'0 77'2 77-2 78'4 77'9 77'9 77-2 
 77-0 76-0 76-0 76'0 757 74'8 74'4 74-2 737 75'2 75'4 75-4 75-4 75-2 75'0 757 76'6 78'0 77-0 76"2 76-6 767 75-0 77'0 
 7fi-8 Tfi-^i 7fi-2 7fi-2 7^-8 757 7V2 747 - 
 
 747 73-2 74-2 74~2 73'2 73'4 74'0 75'0 75'9 777 78'2 78'4 77'5 78'2 78'0 75-2 
 75'8 75-2 75-2 75'2 751 747 75'0 747 75'2 75'0 74-8 74-2 73-4 73'4 74-2 74-0 74-4 74-5 74-2 75'2 75'0 74-8 74-6 73'5 
 73-2 73-0 731 73'0 73'2 73'6 73'6 737 737 74-0 73'4 72-3 72-3 72-3 72-6 73'2 74'2 75'4 75-2 75'0 73'2 74'5 75'3 76'2 
 75-9 75-2 75-3 751 74'6 74'2 74-2 74'4 75'4 75'2 75'6 74'9 74-2 75'2 75-2 75'5 76'2 76'4 76-4 76-4 767 75-9 73-5 74'4 
 741 73-9 74-2 73-9 73'6 73-2 73~2 73'4 76'0 75'4 74-8 74'2 74'2 751 75'5 76-2 77'0 77-2 77-4 78'2 77'9 777 76'4 76'4 
 i6-4 75-6 75-8 757 757 75'8 76'0 76'2 77-2 77'0 76'5 75'4 75'2 747 75'2 76'2 7b'-2 77'4 75'4 77'9 777 77-5 78'4 77'9 
 75'6 76'0 75'5 75' 751 75'5 75"' 75'2 
 
 731 731 72-5 71'5 72-0 72'3 72'8 73'2 75'0 74'4 74-2 73-9 73'5 737 74'2 73-5 
 73-5 73-5 73-5 73'5 737 73'5 73'4 72'6 72'5 69'5 66-4 65'6 65'6 67'5 65'4 66'4 65'6 66'3 66'2 66-4 667 67'9 68-2 697 
 69-5 69-5 69-5 697 70'0 70'3 69'9 69'8 701 70'0 701 69'6 701 70'3 70'5 72'3 74'2 77D 77'4 77"2 77"9 787 781 77-8 
 76-5 76-0 74-4 73-9 74'9 74-2 74'0 74'4 74-6 75'0 74'6 73'2 72'8 72'8 73-2 742 76'0 76'2 757 77'0 767 76-8 767 75'6 
 75-6 75-3 75-0 75'0 73'8 74'2 74-2 74'2 74-4 75-2 79'5 747 74'4 73'9 73'2 73'9 74'2 74'4 75'2 75'4 76'0 76'2 74'9 75-0 
 74-9 74-4 74-2 74 2 74'8 74'2 74'2 741 74-2 737 737 73'2 72'5 72-3 727 72'9 73'6 74-2 73-2 73'2 73-2 73-2 73'4 74-2 
 71'2 74' 74' 74i -0 74'0 737 737 74'0 
 
 - - 73-2 73-2 73-4 72-9 72-5 731 72-5 73-2 73'6 73'0 737 74-0 747 751 75'0 75-3 
 75-0 74-4 74-2 74'2 74'2 74'0 74'0 73'9 74'4 74'2 74'0 73'2 731 73'2 731 74'2 757 777 77'2 77'2 78'0 78'5 78'3 77'4 
 77-4 771 76-6 76'5 761 75'2 75-2 75'0 75-2 75'6 75-8 75-4 74-2 74'2 74 2 75'2 76-4 77-6 78-2 78'9 79'5 791 78'2 751 
 74-3 75-6 76-2 767 767 76-8 76-5 76'2 76-8 76'4 767 76-2 751 74-4 747 757 77-2 78-2 79'3 79'2 79-3 79-4 79-5 79'4 
 
 Means | 74'8 74'6 74-4 74-4 74'3 74-2 741 74'0 74-2 74-0 73'9 73-4 73'2 73'2 731 74-0 74-8 757 757 75'8 76'0 76'0 75'5 75-3) 74-5 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 0> 11 
 
 12 
 rt 13 
 
 I It 
 
 a le 
 
 W 17 
 W 18 
 Q 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 791 78-2 77-9 77'8 77'8 77'2 77'2 77'0 77'0 767 77'0 75'4 74'8 74-0 74'2 747 75'2 76'8 777 79-2 77'8 77'3 76'0 76'0 
 74-3 74-8 747 751 73'9 737 73'4 73'0 72'3 71'3 70'8 71'3 707 69'9 68'8 701 71-3 72'5 73'5 74-8 73'6 71'9 707 707 
 711 71'" 7T3 71'4 71'3 71'3 711 70'S 
 
 767 
 72-4 
 
 69-6 
 72-4 
 751 
 75-2 
 74-9 
 751 
 
 74-6 
 73-6 
 72-0 
 71-8 
 711 
 71'3 
 
 71-3 
 70-0 
 70-4 
 70-9 
 70-3 
 69-6 
 
 70-4 
 70-9 
 68-8 
 68-4 
 68-4 
 67-3 
 
 70-8 70-2 701 701 69'9 68'5 66'3 65'4 65"9 65'6 67'2 67-3 69'3 69-9 711 72'4 
 71-5 717 71-3 71-3 71-3 71-2 70-5 69'8 70'5 70'5 70'5 70'3 70'2 701 70'3 72'3 73'2 747 75'3 76'0 75'4 74-4 77'2 77'0 
 75-9 75-3 75-3 75'2 75'0 74-2 737 73-2 72-5 72'8 72'9 732 73'4 73'2 73'2 75'2 76'2 76-9 77-0 77'4 77'6 78'0 771 77'0 
 76-4 761 761 76'0 75'2 75-2 75'0 75'0 74'5 74'3 73'4 73'2 73'2 73'4 73'2 75'2 76'0 76'4 76'6 76'0 76-4 76-4 76'2 70 -4 
 75-4 74-9 74-8 74'6 74'4 74-2 74'2 741 74'2 73'9 73'4 73'5 73'4 73-2 73'2 75'2 75'8 757 76'2 77'8 76'9 76'8 76'5 76'2 
 75-6 751 74-3 74'2 74-2 747 74'6 74'2 74'4 74'4 73'9 737 74'0 73'6 737 75'0 76'2 76'2 77'3 77'2 76'0 76'8 77'3 76'4 
 7^1-fi 7"i- c i 7 r >-4. 75-4. 7V4, 7 r >-7 75-2 7^-9 
 
 73-9 737 73-2 72'9 72-9 72-5 72'3 73'4 747 74'2 75-5 76-4 75'6 75-8 75'8 75'2 
 747 75-0 74-9 74-9 74-6 74'2 74'0 74'2 74'2 73'4 73'2 73'8 72'9 72'5 72'3 74'2 74'2 72'5 72'8 73'4 73-4 731 71'8 72'3 
 727 72-0 72-2 731 72'5 721 717 711 71-3 70'5 701 70'6 70'5 69'9 707 727 72'8 731 72-8 72'4 73"2 737 73-6 73'3 
 73-3 72-4 721 721 71'6 72'3 72'3 717 70'5 70'3 69'9 70'3 70'3 701 71 -3 721 72-3 72-3 72-6 72-3 72'3 731 727 71'9 
 717 71-3 71-9 71-4 71-5 71'8 71-8 71'3 70'5 711 69'3 701 69-3 69'6 70'3 71-3 71 3 71-0 711 70'9 71-5 72-3 717 71-4 
 71-5 71-2 711 71-2 71-0 71'3 71'2 71'3 71-5 71-3 71'3 71'8 71'5 71'3 71'5 717 71'3 70'6 71'2 71'9 71'6 70'9 709 70'4 
 
 7(V3 7D-1 AQ-Q 7O-O 70-1 7O7 71-^ 71-1 
 
 71-8 71-3 70-8 71-3 71'9 717 70-8 71-3 72-3 71-5 72'2 71'5 73'2 72-9 71-9 721 
 71-2 71-0 70-2 70-2 69'6 701 70'3 701 69'5 68'8 68'5 68'8 69'0 68'9 68'3 69'4 71-5 70'3 70'2 70'6 72'0 70'5 70'8 70 1 
 70-3 70-2 70-0 70-3 70-2 69'8 69'8 69'9 69'3 68'4 68'5 68 8 68'6 68-5 69'3 697 71'3 72'0 73'2 72'5 72-5 717 72-0 72 -0 
 70-9 70-2 69-6 69 8 697 69'8 697 69'5 69'5 70-3 69'3 69'3 687 69'3 69-0 71'3 731 761 761 74'2 721 717 721 70-5 
 70-5 70-2 70-6 70-2 71'3 707 70'8 70'3 70'3 69-5 697 69%3 697 691 68'5 69-5 70-2 70'8 711 71'5 72'3 71-3 71-3 69'3 
 707 69-8 70-2 701 70'2 697 701 69'9 69-3 69'8 70'3 69'3 69 1 69'9 691 70'5 69'0 68'8 69'3 68'9 69'9 69'3 67'5 691 
 
 K7-^ fv7'O RR-fi RR'\ RR-~\ KR-A, RR'ft RR-A, 
 
 72-5 72-3 72-3 72'5 72-5 71'9 71'3 71'5 71-8 721 72-6 72-5 72'8 73-0 731 72'3 
 72-3 72-3 711 70'8 70'8 711 71'0 70'8 70'4 70-3 70-3 69'5 69'0 68'5 67'8 701 71'3 72~5 731 72'4 71-3 71'5 71'5 71'3 
 70-5 70-3 69-5 69-3 691 68'8 68'3 681 67'5 67-3 66 6 67'3 66'9 66'4 667 68'3 69'8 71'2 70'3 69'6 69'5 70'2 69-3 69'3 
 69-5 691 70 1 691 68'6 68'5 68'3 67-5 66'4 66'6 671 65'9 66'4 66'9 66'9 67-2 69-3 69'5 697 701 70'3 69-8 69'3 687 
 68-8 68-8 68-6 68'5 68'4 69'3 681 683 68'0 66'4 66'4 65-9 65'4 65'9 '65-4 67'0 701 711 71-2 70-3 69-4 701 697 69-3 
 69-0 69-2 687 68'2 67'4 67'3 66-4 66'4 66'4 66'2 65'8 65'0 651 64'9 64-4 66'4 67'3 68'5 69'3 69'5 70-3 69'0 68-2 67'3 
 
 Means 72'3 72"0 71'9 71'8 71-6 71'6 71-4 71-2 71-1 70'8 70'6 70-5 70'4 701 70'0 71-2 72-1 72'4 72'9 72'9 72'9 727 72'5 72-2 71'6 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 49 
 
194 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY 
 
 OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 
 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 5 
 
 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 3aily and 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Madras 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h.m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h.m. h.m. 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 Means 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 
 
 5.41 
 
 6.41 
 
 7.41 
 
 8.41 0.41 
 
 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.11 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.11 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 
 
 0.41 
 
 1.41 
 
 2.41 
 
 3.41 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 0-fv> 
 
 OfiQ 
 
 0-71 
 
 0-74 
 
 073 075 
 
 Q.go Q'93 Q'94 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J. 
 
 2 
 
 \J \JIJ 
 
 \J \Js 
 
 \J 1 J. 
 
 \J 1 rr 
 
 \J 1 O \J 1 V 
 
 0-88 0-82 0-84 0'86 0'86 0'87 0'83 079 079 074 076 
 
 0-80 
 
 0-81 
 
 078 
 
 o-so 
 
 0-800 
 
 3 
 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 82 
 
 80 
 
 80 -83 
 
 85 -86 -86 -86 -86 -86 -87 '88 '88 '89 '91 '85 -83 -82 
 
 83 
 
 87 
 
 87 
 
 85 
 
 848 
 
 4 
 
 87 
 
 86 
 
 88 
 
 88 
 
 89 -88 
 
 88 '89 -90 -91 -92 -92 "92 '91 '91 -89 '84 '83 '80 78 
 
 76 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 80 
 
 864 
 
 5 
 
 82 
 
 85 
 
 86 
 
 86 
 
 85 -85 
 
 85 -87 -87 -89 -90 -92 -95 '91 '91 -87 75 72 77 79 
 
 73 
 
 69 
 
 71 
 
 74 
 
 830 
 
 os 6 
 
 73 
 
 77 
 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 82 -83 
 
 84 -84 -82 -83 --83 -88 -94 -95 '94 -94 '97 -91 -84 -89 
 
 88 
 
 91 
 
 91 
 
 87 
 
 864 
 
 o? 7 
 
 85 
 
 85 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 79 79 
 
 80 -84 -84 -86 '87 -89 -91 -95 -92 -87 '83 -83 79 76 
 
 77 
 
 74 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 
 829 
 
 8 
 
 77 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 83 
 
 83 -83 
 
 85 -85 -86 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 n ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 88 '90 -91 -92 '94 '92 -91 '83 73 71 '68 
 
 73 
 
 68 
 
 70 
 
 70 
 
 815 
 
 ^ 10 
 
 72 
 
 75 
 
 73 
 
 72 
 
 73 73 
 
 75 76 78 -80 '82 -87 -92 "91 '92 '82 72 75 72 73 
 
 70 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 
 73 
 
 772 
 
 3 11 
 
 69 
 
 72 
 
 72 
 
 72 
 
 74 76 
 
 78 '89 *89 -89 '88 "90 -93 "97 1-00 '85 78 74 74 72 
 
 65 
 
 67 
 
 65 
 
 67 
 
 790 
 
 5 12 
 
 68 
 
 77 
 
 77 
 
 81 
 
 82 -85 
 
 88 -90 -91 -91 -91 -91 -92 '90 -92 -86 '85 79 79 72 
 
 71 
 
 72 
 
 71 
 
 73 
 
 822 
 
 3 13 
 
 73 
 
 76 
 
 81 
 
 80 
 
 79 79 
 
 80 -81 -82 -88 -93 '93 -94 '92 -9"5 -90 '87 72 -68 74 
 
 70 
 
 64 
 
 66 
 
 66 
 
 801 
 
 | 14 
 
 69 
 
 71 
 
 73 
 
 73 
 
 76 75 
 
 75 78 -85 -89 -92 "92 -92 '90 -92 -86 "86 -80 70 '68 
 
 67 
 
 68 
 
 06 
 
 68 
 
 784 
 
 03 IS 
 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 73 
 
 .70 
 
 73 .7-3 
 
 73 74 74 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J.J 
 
 !< 16 
 
 / V 
 
 * 1 
 
 
 I J 
 
 I O O 
 
 73 72 72 73 73 72 73 -69 -67 -68 '69 
 
 65 
 
 67 
 
 68 
 
 63 
 
 707 
 
 H I 7 
 
 65 
 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 70 
 
 70 72 
 
 73 74 74 75 75 75 75 74 74 70 '68 -68 -68 70 
 
 68 
 
 67 
 
 63 
 
 62 
 
 705 
 
 3 18 
 
 63 
 
 65 
 
 65 
 
 71 
 
 73 73 
 
 73 77 78 78 78 -80 -83 '88 -88 -85 79 75 71 -69 
 
 64 
 
 65 
 
 63 
 
 63 
 
 736 
 
 EH 19 
 
 64 
 
 67 
 
 67 
 
 67 
 
 69 -66 
 
 68 -69 79 -83 -86 -88 -90 '90 -90 '85 77 '66 -66 '65 
 
 63 
 
 67 
 
 62 
 
 62 
 
 732 
 
 fe 20 
 
 64 
 
 67 
 
 67 
 
 67 
 
 63 -64 
 
 64 -66 -67 -68 '69 71 74 '82 -86 -64 '64 -64 -68 '67 
 
 66 
 
 63 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 676 
 
 21 
 
 67 
 
 69 
 
 71 
 
 72 
 
 73 74 
 
 72 72 72 74 76 77 79 '81 -81 76 '64 -62 -62 -58 
 
 59 
 
 57 
 
 58 
 
 60 
 
 694 
 
 h 22 
 
 62 
 
 65 
 
 67 
 
 70 
 
 80 -85 
 
 "87 '88 "93 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 j 23 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 94 -94 -92 -90 '92 '91 '89 76 72 -66 '64 
 
 64 
 
 63 
 
 62 
 
 64 
 
 779 
 
 O 24 
 
 65 
 
 68 
 
 74 
 
 78 
 
 81 -85 
 
 88 -88 -90 -90 -90 -93 -97 '95 -87 -85 77 71 -65 '64 
 
 66 
 
 75 
 
 74 
 
 70 
 
 798 
 
 S 25 
 
 73 
 
 75 
 
 78 
 
 83 
 
 85 -90 
 
 91 -93 -95 '95 -95 -97 "99 '96 -94 '85 '66 -69 -69 70 
 
 69 
 
 68 
 
 71 
 
 70 
 
 823 
 
 p 26 
 
 74 
 
 76 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 96 -89 
 
 91 '92 -90 -91 -91 -91 '92 '96 -95 '89 -82 -81 74 75 
 
 69 
 
 68 
 
 69 
 
 68 
 
 833 
 
 W 27 
 
 74 
 
 80 
 
 86 
 
 89 
 
 92 -91 
 
 91 -91 '95 '95 -94 -94 '94 '96 -97 '89 '85 73 70 -67 
 
 67 
 
 68 
 
 58 
 
 62 
 
 832 
 
 28 
 
 67 
 
 73 
 
 78 
 
 81 
 
 84 -89 
 
 90 -93 -91 -91 -90 '91 '92 -93 '93 '93 '81 75 -66 -68 
 
 67 
 
 66 
 
 66 
 
 63 
 
 809 
 
 29 
 
 68 
 
 72 
 
 74 
 
 81 
 
 86 :89 
 
 93 -91 -92 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 -91 '89 -90 -92 -95 '95 -89 '80 '68 -64 -62 
 
 61 
 
 60 
 
 60 
 
 61 
 
 793 
 
 31 
 
 65 
 
 69 
 
 72 
 
 79 
 
 79 -87 
 
 89 -91 -96 -95 '94 -94 -94 -96 -94 -86 78 70 -63 -66 
 
 64 
 
 66 
 
 64 
 
 64 
 
 798 
 
 Means 1 0'708 
 
 738 
 
 757 
 
 776 
 
 792 -804 
 
 818 -839 -854 -862 -865 '877 -894 -903 '901 '849 787 741 712 708 
 
 694 
 
 697 
 
 690 
 
 689 1 0790 
 
 
 In: 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 1 
 
 0'612 
 
 0'616 
 
 0*610 
 
 0'628 
 
 0'618 0'634 
 
 fi'64P *i'666 0*^7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 _ 0-684 0-711 0-725 0-739 C'742 0-750 0760 0754 0770 0748 0764 
 
 0-789 
 
 0792 
 
 0753 
 
 0771 
 
 0706 
 
 3 
 
 754 
 
 752 
 
 745 
 
 735 
 
 729 755 
 
 765 769 768 768 768 770 773 774 774 788 -&09 793 788 779 
 
 792 
 
 800 
 
 798 
 
 773 1 772 
 
 4 -772 
 
 759 
 
 774 
 
 775 
 
 779 774 
 
 773 777 787 794 -800 792 785 782 770 "819 '804 '814 '802 796 
 
 805 
 
 816 
 
 833 
 
 813 
 
 791 
 
 5; -809 
 
 822 
 
 801 
 
 793 
 
 779 765 
 
 765 777 773 777 781 763 746 714 710 723 725 -726 '761 -770 
 
 735 
 
 716 
 
 721 
 
 732 
 
 758 
 
 o> 6 708 
 
 713 
 
 707 
 
 719 
 
 713 712 
 
 732 -745 736 737 738 765 793 771 768 791 '812 '809 '818 767 
 
 765 
 
 783 
 
 782 
 
 784 
 
 757 
 
 oo 7: 765 
 
 761 
 
 749 
 
 750 
 
 694 -678 
 
 686 704 716 '723 '729 "732 -736 -771 775 771 '766 -760 '762 '758 
 
 768 
 
 732 
 
 710 
 
 705 
 
 738 
 
 H O ..TOO 
 
 71fi 
 
 71 *> 
 
 .*7OO 
 
 7^4- '7*}Q 
 
 V^n I 7Q -*79^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 H 9 
 
 / J-\t 
 
 1 J.O 
 
 ^_ 
 
 
 
 -723 -720 -715 -710 -696 -697 -710 -712 -684 -674 '688 
 
 710 
 
 669 
 
 663 
 
 662 
 
 709 
 
 ^ 10 -668 
 
 658 
 
 635 
 
 615 
 
 617 -609 
 
 620 -620 -619 "632 '644 -644 -645 -637 '629 '620 '632 -691 -680 -707 
 
 693 
 
 706 
 
 693 
 
 680 -650 
 
 11 -626 
 
 620 
 
 622 
 
 619 
 
 626 -630 
 
 635 -677 -677 -668 '659 -659 '659 -654 "650 -606 -614 -641 -674 '684 
 
 639 
 
 653 
 
 633 
 
 653 -C45 
 
 to 12; -638 
 
 676 
 
 660 
 
 667 
 
 665 -684 
 
 681 -674 -675 -670 '665 -666 -667 -662 '691 '691 '736 -735 -749 703 
 
 718 
 
 716 
 
 700 
 
 715 
 
 688 
 
 3 13 
 
 705 
 
 693 
 
 711 
 
 697 
 
 683 -678 
 
 673 -670 -664 '667 '669 '672 '676 '649 -675 -669 -706 -666 -681 -722 
 
 661 
 
 609 
 
 619 
 
 612 
 
 672 
 
 | 14 
 
 625 
 
 627 
 
 636 
 
 636 
 
 647 -634 
 
 622 -630 -662 '661 '660 '657 -655 -624 -643 -644 -700 717 -661 "664 
 
 653 
 
 656 
 
 624 
 
 631 
 
 649 
 
 
 634 
 
 630 
 
 639 
 
 636 
 
 621 -621 
 
 617 -614 -614 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 t3 161 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 _. _ -625 -635 -635 -636 -636 -632 "655 -653 -665 -680 -692 
 
 682 
 
 670 
 
 658 
 
 616 1 -641 
 
 O 17 
 
 n - * * 
 
 609 
 
 630 
 
 627 
 
 609 
 
 609 -611 
 
 623 -619 -621 '622 '622 -617 -612 -599 "595 '607 '619 -621 -664 '686 
 
 681 
 
 666 
 
 610 
 
 584 
 
 (.23 
 
 j 18 
 
 577 
 
 580 
 
 581 
 
 611 
 
 633 -636 
 
 633 -650 -654 '642 '630 '624 -618 -608 '618 -626 -662 -680 -676 -658 
 
 638 
 
 633 
 
 612 
 
 604 
 
 628 
 
 t> 19 
 
 592 
 
 595 
 
 580 
 
 574 
 
 580 -557 
 
 566 -569 -596 "581 '565 -556 '547 -543 -547 '589 '628 '596 -614 "626 
 
 631 
 
 650 
 
 601 
 
 577 
 
 586 
 
 fe 20 
 
 587 
 
 598 
 
 576 
 
 576 
 
 542 -546 
 
 550 -561 -563 '570 -576 -579 '583 -618 -631 '547 '586 -608 -644 -640 
 
 650 
 
 636 
 
 617 
 
 606 
 
 591 
 
 21 
 
 615 
 
 607 
 
 613 
 
 613 
 
 617 -621 
 
 605 -600 -594 "595 '596 '601 '607 '617 -616 -61() -563 -576 -588 '565 
 
 592 
 
 569 
 
 572 
 
 589 
 
 598 
 
 to 22 
 
 594 
 
 572 
 
 * ^iftl 
 
 ^09 
 
 620 -62P 
 
 639 "641 '65 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0' 23 
 
 
 wi SI 
 
 
 
 *Jij i 
 
 \Jf\J < >_. ' 
 
 -619 -580 -562 -545 '541 -549 '601 -594 -611 -603 -610 
 
 609 
 
 605 
 
 576 
 
 583 
 
 596 
 
 55 24 
 
 588 
 
 584 
 
 604 
 
 606 
 
 608 -588 
 
 579 -560 -563 '555 '547 '559 -571 '558 -539 '570 '588 -610 -611 '631 
 
 638 
 
 711 
 
 704 
 
 650 
 
 597 
 
 to 25 
 
 651 
 
 643 
 
 641 
 
 653 
 
 653 -624 
 
 605 -605 -594 -584 -574 '570 '567 -545 -519 '539 '508 -594 -626 '652 
 
 646 
 
 649 
 
 672 
 
 658 
 
 607 
 
 EH 26 
 
 655 
 
 643 
 
 643 
 
 637 
 
 690 -610 
 
 606 -585 -563 "547 '530 '536 -542 -574 -538 '547 -622 -661 -646 -691 
 
 656 
 
 655 
 
 656 
 
 645 
 
 612 
 
 27 
 
 665 
 
 673 
 
 677 
 
 677 
 
 660 -636 
 
 626 -626 -645 -636 -627 -619 -612 -603 '599 -614 -669 -649 -653 -640 
 
 666 
 
 668 
 
 585 
 
 604 
 
 639 
 
 28 
 
 623 
 
 648 
 
 649 
 
 655 
 
 663 -662 
 
 664 -654 -627 -615 '60S '607 -611 '620 -605 -634 -658 -668 -635 '660 
 
 653 
 
 659 
 
 654 
 
 626 
 
 640 
 
 29 
 
 4.o 
 
 642 
 
 641 
 
 661 
 
 670 -fifi2 
 
 "658 '611 '611 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30 : -" 
 
 
 
 
 \J f \J \J\jj 
 
 -632 -622 -617 -612 -635 -635 -665 '675 '621 '609 -605 
 
 610 
 
 615 
 
 617 
 
 606 
 
 635 
 
 31 -620 
 
 625 
 
 635 
 
 648 
 
 613 -626 
 
 632 -630 -641 -629 '616 -605 -595 -590 '597 -623 '653 -628 -605 -637 
 
 645 
 
 660 
 
 652 
 
 629 
 
 626 
 
 Means : 0-656 
 
 657 
 
 656 
 
 658 
 
 656 -651 
 
 652 -654 -655 -652 '649 '648 '648 -645 '644 -655 -671 -677 '679 -684 
 
 682 
 
 681 
 
 666 
 
 658 1 0-660 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 195 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OP THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottiiigen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 84 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Dailyand 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h m. h.m. h.m. h. m. b. m. h. m. h. m. h.Tn. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. b. m. h.m. b. m. b. m h. m. b. m. b. m. b.m. h.m. h. m. b. m. b. m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 11.41 15.41 18.41 17.41 lb.4l 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 5 
 2 6 
 
 SM 7 
 P3 8 
 < '.) 
 10 
 S 11 
 
 W 12 
 
 P* 10 
 
 1 13 
 
 03 14 
 
 - }5 
 
 H 17 
 g IS 
 
 ft 19 
 20 
 
 (H 21 
 
 EH 22 
 
 3 23 
 
 a 24 
 
 g 25 
 W 26 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 0-65 0-72 0-70 072 0'85 0'88 0-90 0'90 0-92 0*94 0-95 0*94 0'93 0-87 0'90 0'90 077 0-69 0'66 0'64 0'63 0-63 0'62 0-63 
 .66 -72 -74 -77 -85 '86 -86 -88 -88 -87 -86 -86 -86 '88 -94 -84 -77 -69 -68 -62 -65 -65 -64 -70 
 73 -75 -81 -82 "86 '95 "94 "92 -91 -92 '93 "93 -94 '94 -94 -91 '83 "74 '67 -69 '67 -68 -67 '63 
 69 -76 -85 -89 '88 '87 '88 -89 -93 '95 '96 "95 '94 '93 '91 -92 '89 '83 '73 -65 '64 -62 '57 -59 
 fi. -70 -77 -ftfi -85 '90 -9S '93 '94 
 
 0789 
 780 
 
 824 
 822 
 
 819 
 771 
 810 
 833 
 
 827 
 800 
 
 797 
 824 
 807 
 801 
 813 
 796 
 
 774 
 768 
 740 
 778 
 780 
 788 
 
 781 
 
 777 
 
 95 -95 -95 -95 -95 -95 "90 -80 '70 -69 -67 -67 -68 -67 -67 
 71 -74 -75 -77 79 79 '80 '81 79 '81 '83 "84 '86 -91 -90 '82 75 73 -68 -69 -67 -68 '68 70 
 74 79 -81 -83 '83 -85 -83 -82 -83 -87 "91 "91 '92 '92 -92 "88 79 71 72 70 -68 70 73 75 
 77 '81 -83 -85 '86 -85 -85 -87 -91 -91 '91 -92 "93 -94 -94 -92 -87 75 74 72 73 71 70 71 
 75 '80 -83 -83 '85 -83 '87 -91 -95 -95 "95 "95 -95 '94 -94 -86 -81 73 72 70 -65 '66 "68 74 
 78 78 -82 -84 "85 -85 '85 -86 '85 -86 "86 '85 "85 '84 -86 '83 76 75 73 71 70 70 70 71 
 
 .79 .77 .70 .0] -Q1 .Q] -UO } -CO. . 
 
 85 -87 -88 -89 '91 -93 '89 79 76 70 -67 70 -69 '69 72 
 75 78 -81 -84 "85 -87 '90 -95 -91 -91 '91 -92 -93 -95 -93 -86 -82 75 70 -69 -68 71 "67 -69 
 73 76 76 75 76 -88 '87 -87 -91 -94 '97 -95 '93 -92 '92 -85 77 72 -68 -69 -67 '67 '68 72 
 69 76 78 -81 -82 -83 "86 -88 '89 -93 "96 -95 -94 '93 -91 -87 -82 77 -68 -64 '59 "59 "66 -66 
 70 76 79 -81 -83 -85 "85 -86 -87 -90 '93 -94 '95 -96 -95 "87 -82 78 71 -67 -67 -68 '69 -68 
 69 72 74 77 79 79 '82 -86 -94 -94 "93 "94 -95 -94 -94 "87 -81 70 -67 -68 '65 "65 '66 -66 
 70 -72 -7^ 76 -77 -80 -8fi -8'3 -86 
 
 89 -91 -91 -91 -92 -94 -84 73 73 '69 -66 -61 -61 '60 -58 
 58 '65 74 78 -82 -80 '81 '84 -87 -89 '90 -90 -91 -90 -91 '91 -81 72 -03 -62 -01 -60 '6] -62 
 63 '68 73 70 72 71 -64 71 -84 -86 "87 -89 "91 -93 -90 '81 74 70 "63 -61 -60 "62 "65 -69 
 69 72 75 78 79 '81 '81 '82 '82 -82 '81 '87 -93 '94 -90 -85 72 72 "68 -68 -69 '69 '69 -69 
 72 74 77 78 79 77 77 -80 '86 -85 '83 -87 -91 -91 -93 "83 74 73 -68 -68 '67 "68 '69 71 
 73 76 78 -80 -80 -81 "83 '85 "84 '84 "83 -86 -90 -93 -95 "86 76 76 "68 -67 -67 -65 '67 -69 
 fiQ 74 78 76 78 79 79 79 '81 
 
 89 -97 -96 -96 -96 -93 "88 76 "69 '68 -67 -64 -60 "60 -62 
 64 70- 77 79 -83 -83 -89 -88 "92 -92 '91 -91 -92 -92 -91 "81 76 "69 "56 -67 -66 "62 "55 -59 
 
 Means 0-699-743 -777 -797 '818 -833 "843 "857 -878 "894 "905 -910 -920 "922 -923 '866 -787 -731 -683 "670 -658 "657 "657 -673 1 0796 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 3 6 
 
 oo 7 
 
 8 
 S 9 
 
 10 
 
 U 
 12 
 
 W 13 
 ft i A 
 I 14 
 
 PS 15 
 16 
 
 ? 17 
 % 18 
 t> 19 
 
 ft 20 
 21 
 
 fc 22 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 g 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 * * 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 O'Gll 0-622 0-585 0'592 0'629 0'622 O'G^ 0'614 0'605 0'610 0'615 0'588 0-562 0'539 0'563 0'646 0'628 0'613 0615 0'608 0'614 0'610 0'609 0'612 
 
 614 -628 -619 "628 '634 -639 '632 -639 -628 '623 -617 "614 -611 -617 '650 "635 -646 -659 -667 -657 '683 702 -686 705 
 701 -702 -716 -717 "722 -726 715 '700 -693 '693 '692 '685 '679 -669 -651 "698 -699 -689 -668 '682 -698 713 -714 -681 
 699 724 -750 "754 726 706 -694 '688 -669 "656 -642 '663 -684 -674 -666 '714 -716 713 "683 '683 '689 '691 '624 -614 
 639 '674 '695 706 -674 -680 '681 '67" '668 
 
 In. 
 0-606 
 643 
 696 
 688 
 
 677 
 707 
 774 
 815 
 788 
 789 
 
 751 
 
 758 
 754 
 734 
 743 
 705 
 
 666 
 641 
 655 
 730 
 
 772 
 784 
 
 754 
 
 722 
 
 -662 -655 -653 '652 -639 -636 -686 704 -695 -693 '687 "700 705 "705 -689 
 701 -709 -693 -697 -703 '703 '699 -691 -674 '674 '673 "674 '676 -689 -679 "669 -703 741 740 '755 -753 766 "753 -742 
 758 -770 '770 -765 -762 -760 742 -735 -738 749 '759 '767 '775 -784 -785 -802 -777 769 778 797 "790 '811 "814 -809 
 815 -812 -811 -819 -820 '813 '800 798 -822 '817 '811 -812 '814 -817 '817 -818 '825 -789 '812 '829 -839 -818 "810 -817 
 816 -809 '80S -808 '816 '794 '798 '811 -794 "791 788 783 778 750 745 759 -800 -780 780 '777 "767 -766 770 -818 
 825 -794 '805 '812 -814 -800 795 "797 -782 786 790 -780 '770 -763 -790 '786 780 -789 -782 -779 "799 -787 "769 762 
 m-763 -767 '772 -768 76'2 758 -760 -7fi9 
 
 734 706 -695 -685 "694 -720 756 749 764 769 -758 -769 780 771 -777 
 777 771 773 783 784 779 774 771 740 739 737 734 732 721 709 721 784 766 771 767 7G9 786 747 747 
 758 762 763 -749 -739 '795 776 772 790 794 798 770 743 714 710 733 735 732 740 742 728 734 742 770 
 724 743 753 760 759 761 763 765 759 754 749 734 719 '699 "675 '699 748 754 728 723 -686 '681 736 735 
 748 763 762 757 755 761 748 747 749 743 736 731 "726 716 705 711 757 768 750 736 740 739 742 734 
 721 729 713 713 702 702 '699 '696 702 "697 -692 -698 705 '696 -686 700 745 '695 -694 713 702 701 706 704 
 71 S -fiSS -6Q8 '688 -686 -fiKO -fiQ2 -fifiQ -fiRO 
 
 -644 '627 -611 '596 -598 -612 '625 -641 -701 717 706 -693 703 '689 -652 
 629 -638 -667 '651 -642 -621 '616 -617 -614 '611 '607 "600 "593 -579 -590 "082 704 706 -664 -680 -666 '665 '666 -672 
 676 -667 -670 '623 -624 '615 '548 '589 -636 "641 '645 -644 -644 -636 -628 '657 "682 -690 -664 -664 -655 711 741 768 
 734 724 721 -716 713 701 '695 '686 -677 '670 "662 -683 705 719 704 758 753 777 772 786 "802 799 786 785 
 773 763 -767 774 775 746 741 768 796 778 759 '763 767 734 740 767 771 798 775 790 776 790 798 -814 
 814 798 781 788 782 778 792 '81! 795 781 766 761 757 765 776 769 773 792 763 766 797 '804 '800 -815 
 795 799 791 765 773 775 776 769 767 
 
 753 739 731 724 720 712 756 758 742 778 774 754 710 716 723 
 717 740 756 750 755 750 748 714 725 718 710 702 -694 -690 ;671 '682 738 743 -652 -800 783 759 -663 -680 
 
 Means 0731 -733 -735 '733 732 -728 '721 -720 -719 -713 "707 "703 -700 -693 -692 -718 -734 -736 -727 '736 -735 -739 '732 '734 1 0-723 
 
 *The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the Bake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
196 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 HUMIDITY 
 
 OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 tfoon 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Daily am 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Madras 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h, m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. in. 
 
 Means 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 
 
 6.41 
 
 6.41 
 
 7.41 
 
 8.41 
 
 9.41 
 
 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.14 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 
 
 1.41 
 
 2.41 
 
 3.41 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 * # 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 0-63 
 
 0-69 
 
 075 
 
 077 
 
 0-77 
 
 0-80 
 
 0-82 85 0-87 0'92 0-96 0-96 0-95 0'94 0'93 0'82 0-76 0-66 0-60 0'61 0-60 
 
 0-60 
 
 0-61 
 
 0-61 0-770 
 
 2 
 
 63 
 
 67 
 
 72 
 
 74 
 
 77 
 
 79 
 
 80 '84 -87 -91 -94 -94 -93 -92 -93 '86 72 '68 -66 -67 -67 
 
 65 
 
 68 
 
 70 779 
 
 3 
 
 72 
 
 78 
 
 81 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 81 
 
 82 -80 -87 -89 -91 '91 '91 '92 -90 74 73 -66 -63 -63 -69 
 
 67 
 
 69 
 
 72: 785 
 
 4 
 
 75 
 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 82 -82 -83 -84 -84 -83 '82 "84 -86 -80 70 '61 -60 -59 -62 
 
 65 
 
 65 
 
 67 759 
 
 5 
 
 74 
 
 80 
 
 85 
 
 86 
 
 86 
 
 87 
 
 87 -86 -89 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 92 -95 '94 -93 -94 -92 -84 75 -63 -58 -59 -62 
 
 68 
 
 70 
 
 71 -804 
 
 00 7 
 i i < 
 
 74 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 85 
 
 84 
 
 86 -86 -89 '92 -94 -95 -96 -94 -92 -83 77 -67 -63 -57 -64 
 
 63 
 
 63 
 
 66 799 
 
 m 8 
 
 71 
 
 78 
 
 83 
 
 86 
 
 88 
 
 85 
 
 87 '90 -91 -93 -94 -93 -93 '95 -95 -87 77 '68 -67 '65 -63 
 
 65 
 
 64 
 
 66 -blO 
 
 *' rv 
 
 o 9 
 
 73 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 85 -85 -85 -90 '95 -95 '95 "92 -91 -85 73 -64 -62 -63 -62 
 
 66 
 
 65 
 
 70 790 
 
 Pj 10 
 
 72 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 85 
 
 85 
 
 90 
 
 90 -89 -91 -92 -93 '93 '94 '93 -93 '82 77 -69 -66 -66 '67 
 
 68 
 
 68 
 
 69 
 
 814 
 
 d 11 
 
 73 
 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 85 
 
 84 -89 -91 -93 '94 '96 -99 "93 -90 '83 73 '68 -66 -64 '63 
 
 66 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 804 
 
 12 
 
 71 
 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 81 
 
 85 
 
 85 
 
 87 -89 -89 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tf 13 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 91 -93 -93 -93 '93 -93 -85 76 -69 -58 -51 -55 
 
 61 
 
 60 
 
 65 
 
 785 
 
 14 
 
 69 
 
 76 
 
 79 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 83 
 
 93 -87 -93 '95 -97 '97 '97 '96 -94 '80 '67 -60 -59 -57 -62 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 67 
 
 794 
 
 15 
 
 68 
 
 76 
 
 81 
 
 84 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 88 -87 -85 -87 -89 -90 '91 "94 -91 '85 "80 72 -60 -51 -48 
 
 57 
 
 64 
 
 66 
 
 776 
 
 W 16 
 
 71 
 
 79 
 
 84 
 
 82 
 
 84 
 
 86 
 
 86 -85 -91 -91 -91 -92 '93 '97 -93 '86 77 70 -63 -54 -59 
 
 60 
 
 66 
 
 64 
 
 793 
 
 17 
 
 69 
 
 72 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 83 
 
 85 -87 -87 '88 -89 -90 '91 '94 -91 78 72 73 -68 71 71 
 
 71 
 
 73 
 
 77 
 
 797 
 
 18 
 
 79 
 
 85 
 
 86 
 
 86 
 
 87 
 
 90 
 
 91 -91 -94 -95 -95 -93 '92 "90 "91 '85 76 '68 -67 -68 '65 
 
 61 
 
 62 
 
 66 
 
 818 
 
 19 
 
 71 
 
 77 
 
 81 
 
 86 
 
 90 
 
 90 
 
 89 -91 '93 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 bH 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 -92 -91 -92 -94 "93 '89 -84 74 -67 '64 -63 -64 
 
 63 
 
 59 
 
 63 
 
 800 
 
 H 21 
 
 66 
 
 68 
 
 74 
 
 79 
 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 86- -87 -91 -91 -91 -91 -92 "91 -91 '80 73 '69 -62 '62 -61 
 
 62 
 
 59 
 
 64 
 
 773 
 
 5 22 
 
 69 
 
 73 
 
 78 
 
 81 
 
 85 
 
 88 
 
 90 -89 -92 -94 -95 -94 -94 '92 '91 '83 74 -67 -66 '63 '64 
 
 61 
 
 64 
 
 66 
 
 797 
 
 B 23 
 
 70 
 
 73 
 
 78 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 84 
 
 82 -83 -87 -89 -91 -91 '91 '90 '89 '80 79 72 71 '68 '69 
 
 71 
 
 67 
 
 69 
 
 792 
 
 g 24 
 
 72 
 
 78 
 
 78 
 
 81 
 
 82 
 
 84 
 
 85 -90 -86 -90 -94 -92 '91 '87 '84 78 71 -63 '62 '65 -64 
 
 71 
 
 75 
 
 71 
 
 789 
 
 hn ^tJ 
 
 72 
 
 78 
 
 81 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 88 
 
 89 -89 '92 -92 -91 -92 "94 '93 -93 '82 72 -69 '63 -68 "65 
 
 66 
 
 71 
 
 71 
 
 807 
 
 26 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 84 
 
 Rfi -8Q -88 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ _ __ -92 -95 -96 '98 '92 -94 '84 75 71 '62 '65 -62 
 
 60 
 
 66 
 
 72 
 
 800 
 
 28 
 
 70 
 
 77 
 
 81 
 
 84 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 82 -82 -83 -85 -87 -90 '93 '94 -91 '83 "68 '65 '65 -62 -66 
 
 67 
 
 68 
 
 67 781 
 
 29 
 
 71 
 
 76 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 82 -85 -85 -87 '88 -89 '90 '92 '89 '80 71 -66 '65 '62 -63 
 
 62 
 
 63 
 
 66 772 
 
 30 
 
 69 
 
 73 
 
 75 
 
 77 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 79 79 -80 -84 -87 -88 -89 '88 '89 77 73 70 -68 '68 '66 
 
 57 
 
 57 
 
 58 
 
 752 
 
 31 
 
 66 
 
 72 
 
 75 
 
 78 
 
 78 
 
 77 
 
 76 78 79 79 79 '80 '82 '83 76 73 -66 -58 -59 -54 '63 
 
 64 
 
 71 
 
 70 
 
 723 
 
 Means (0707 
 
 761 
 
 794 
 
 815 
 
 827 
 
 840 
 
 852 -861 -880 '900 '916 -919 -924 -919 -905 '818 736 -670 -634 -621 -632 
 
 641 
 
 655 
 
 674 i 0-788 
 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 'In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 1 
 
 0-693 
 
 0711 
 
 0732 
 
 0-/33 
 
 0730 
 
 0734 
 
 0'736 0-735 0'736 0749 0761 0739 0718 0702 0'688 0'698 0738 0704 0'682 0714 0714, 
 
 0-708 
 
 0-720 
 
 0-692 
 
 0-719 
 
 2 
 
 699 
 
 690 
 
 699 
 
 709 
 
 710 
 
 706 
 
 704 715 706 701 -696 -689 -682 '668 "683 747 749 752 748 788 '800 
 
 779 
 
 796 
 
 789 
 
 725 
 
 3 
 
 797 
 
 808 
 
 809 
 
 802 
 
 803 
 
 785 
 
 783 764 776 796 -816 "809 '803 798 776 750 '803 '803 '824 -834 '885 
 
 867 
 
 861 
 
 872 
 
 809 
 
 4 
 
 868 
 
 878 
 
 858 
 
 855 
 
 847 
 
 841 
 
 822 -816 -814 798 781 770 759 768 795 '853 -828 795 '805 -811 '830 
 
 852 
 
 833 
 
 843 
 
 822 
 
 5 
 
 866 
 
 873 
 
 894 
 
 887 
 
 887 
 
 880 
 
 QC1 -Qftft -ftQO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 /n 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 883 "875 -854 '833 '839 '851 -865 -851 "802 -782 -804 '855 
 
 878 
 
 864 
 
 863 
 
 859 
 
 *O 7 
 00 ' 
 
 872 
 
 886 
 
 854 
 
 858 
 
 857 
 
 844 
 
 850 -839 '830 '838 -845 -843 '841 '818 '817 '824 '827 '823 '802 782 "849 
 
 847 
 
 837 
 
 838 
 
 838 
 
 8 
 
 842 
 
 860 
 
 878 
 
 887 
 
 882 
 
 855 
 
 853 -856 -836 '829 '822 -808 '794 '820 '838 '855 '841 '803 '823 -834 '800 
 
 814 
 
 795 
 
 804 
 
 835 
 
 9 
 
 828 
 
 823 
 
 809 
 
 810 
 
 811 
 
 820 
 
 819 -811 "805 '810 -814 -806 '798 '787 790 '797 -810 776 784 -801 783 
 
 813 
 
 815 
 
 833 
 
 806 
 
 10 
 
 831 
 
 839 
 
 830 
 
 842 
 
 827 
 
 839 
 
 834 -825 '816 "813 -810 -805 '801 788 782 799 -821 '824 -839 -852 -868 
 
 852 
 
 840 
 
 844 
 
 826 
 
 Sj 11 
 
 1 O 
 
 850 
 
 850 
 
 ,Q}/t 
 
 840 
 
 850 
 .010 
 
 848 
 
 841 
 
 822 '852 '852 '846 '839 -834 -829 777 780 '802 "808 798 '807 -806 '808 
 
 812 
 
 812 
 
 813 
 
 824 
 
 S U 
 
 1 13 
 
 820 
 
 8zb 
 
 829 
 
 818 
 
 832 
 
 _ 
 
 '802 778 774 771 767 785 792 ;815 '838 779 719 767 
 
 820 
 
 823 
 
 830 
 
 804 
 
 g 14 
 
 836 
 
 836 
 
 832 
 
 843 
 
 844 
 
 821 
 
 881 '827 '827 '830 -832 -826 -820 '809 '818 '816 794 791 -811 -831 '878 
 
 898 
 
 856 
 
 833 
 
 833 
 
 g 15 
 
 824 
 
 844 
 
 839 
 
 842 
 
 840 
 
 819 
 
 840 -832 '819 '809 798 796 795 791 780 '808 "830 '861 791 720 735 
 
 787 
 
 834 
 
 844 
 
 812 
 
 2 16 
 
 866 
 
 884 
 
 870 
 
 836 
 
 844 
 
 850 
 
 841 -822 '809 '806 -803 -802 -801 '816 '801 '829 '849 '834 -825 759 -805 
 
 787 
 
 809 
 
 769 
 
 b22 
 
 ^ 17 
 
 790 
 
 779 
 
 792 
 
 788 
 
 796 
 
 820 
 
 827 -830 '827 "825 -822 -815 -809 790 781 773 '806 '837 -821 -846 "856 
 
 882 
 
 840 
 
 849 
 
 817 
 
 > IS 
 
 852 
 
 859 
 
 855 
 
 841 
 
 832 
 
 834 
 
 829 -823 '831 '816 -801 771 742 732 762 792 '821 '805 -823 -837 '808 
 
 746 
 
 781 
 
 808 
 
 808 
 
 fe 1C 
 
 832 
 
 826 
 
 819 
 
 802 
 
 802 
 
 780 
 
 ^^jn *j i* R ^T RF 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ _ _ 741 716 717 719 709 712 754 779 764 774 -802 '803 
 
 785 
 
 742 
 
 761 
 
 768 
 
 % 21 
 
 761 
 
 746 
 
 756 
 
 771 
 
 756 
 
 743 
 
 747 738 740 737 734 736 738 711 729 729 753 780 784 797 793 
 
 806 
 
 759 
 
 788 
 
 755 
 
 2 22 
 
 804 
 
 786 
 
 805 
 
 803 
 
 785 
 
 781 
 
 775 756 756 750 743 737 731 720 735 767 778 773 783 786 '804 
 
 795 
 
 794 
 
 804 
 
 773 
 
 02 2~- 
 
 815 
 
 814 
 
 825 
 
 822 
 
 822 
 
 830 
 
 796 781 771 780 788 785 782 770 771 777 '833 '835 '856 -847 '871 
 
 856 
 
 893 
 
 887 
 
 817 
 
 W 24 
 
 892 
 
 896 
 
 878 
 
 898 
 
 903 
 
 906 
 
 903 -953 -861 '889 '916 '891 '866 '821 -833 '868 '856 '847 -859 -864 '892 
 
 913 
 
 900 
 
 884 
 
 883 
 
 E" 25 
 
 889 
 
 890 
 
 898 
 
 898 
 
 902 
 
 911 
 
 905 -890 -893 '883 -872 -858 -845 '834 -841 '865 -864 '869 "862 -869 '864 
 
 908 
 
 914 
 
 907 
 
 880 
 
 26 
 
 897 
 
 866 
 
 859 
 
 866 
 
 867 
 
 870 
 
 877 -876 -862 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ _ _ -885 -907 -893 '880 '853 '867 '873 "866 -856 -822 -866 '838 
 
 842 
 
 890 
 
 939 
 
 872 
 
 2g 
 
 880 
 
 898 
 
 896 
 
 879 
 
 850 
 
 839 
 
 828 -823 -819 '823 -827 -837 "847 "839 -820 '868 '835 -841 -864 -861 -889 
 
 904 
 
 884 
 
 873 
 
 855 
 
 29 
 
 872 
 
 877 
 
 878 
 
 865 
 
 854 
 
 851 
 
 836 -845 -825 '814 '802 -601 '801 '804 -803 '832 -820 -821 '835 '824 -853 
 
 822 
 
 827 
 
 841 
 
 833 
 
 30 
 
 823 
 
 828 
 
 819 
 
 819 
 
 817 
 
 824 
 
 827 -821 -816 '835 -853 '848 -844 807 -833 '848 '859 -868 -875 '881 '858 
 
 800 
 
 773 
 
 779 
 
 831 
 
 31 
 
 826 
 
 845 
 
 '839 
 
 849 
 
 840 
 
 826 
 
 821 -823 -828 '825 -821 -829 -837 -840 799 -814 794 727 781 -680 796 
 
 811 
 
 862 
 
 850 
 
 815 
 
 Means |0'831 
 
 834 
 
 833 
 
 832 
 
 829 
 
 825 
 
 823 -819 -812 '812 -810 '803 796 784 788 -807 '816 '808 -809 -808 -826 
 
 829 
 
 828 
 
 831 (0-816 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 197 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR. 
 
 Gottingeii 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily an* 
 Monthly 
 Mean** 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. in, h. m. h. m h. m h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. TO. h. m. h. m. h. ni. h. m. h. ra. h. m. h. m* h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 l.H 2.41 3.41 
 
 i 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 S t 
 
 2 i 
 
 a ' 
 
 10 
 <5 11 
 1 12 
 S 13 
 <1 14 
 
 H 15 
 W 16 
 H 17 
 PK 18 
 19 
 tn 20 
 21 
 O 22 
 3 23 
 t> 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 0-73 0-75 0-76 0'77 0-78 0'76 075 O80 0-81 O81 0'81 0*81 0'82 0-84 076 0-69 0'67 0'61 0'61 0-62 0'61 0'64 0'64 0-66 
 
 fi8 -79 -7fi -7fi '7R -7K -7^ -7 r > '78 - 
 
 0730 
 
 773 
 
 801 
 768 
 762 
 760 
 757 
 
 756 
 
 778 
 785 
 740 
 757 
 751 
 
 752 
 743 
 737 
 745 
 703 
 773 
 
 817 
 843 
 844 
 832 
 815 
 795 
 
 -82 -86 -85 -85 -86 -88 "87 -79 '73 -71 '73 '71 -71 -73 -73 
 76 -78 -77 -79 '80 '83 '87 -88 -90 '89 '88 -92 -96 -92 -85 -81 -74 '76 -69 '68 "68 -67 -70 -69 
 73 -78 -78 -79 -80 -80 '81 -81 '80 '82 '84 -86 -88 -95 -91 '82 -72 -69 '60 -63 '64 -66 -64 -67 
 73 -76 -74 -74 '77 '78 '80 '85 '81 '83 '84 -86 -88 '90 -88 '84 '74 "69 -66 -63 '61 -64 -65 -67 
 73 -74 -77 -77 -78 '80 '80 -81 '80 "83 "86 '86 -87 -92 "89 '75 71 '68 '66 '67 '66 '65 -62 -61 
 69 -72 '76 -78 '79 '80 '81 '82 -86 '87 '88 '90 '92 -91 -86 73 '68 '63 -61 -63 -62 -63 '63 '64 
 
 7f -79 '71 -7Q -77 '78 '7Q -7Q -BO 
 
 -85 -89 -89 -89 -90 -87 "81 -77 '67 -63 "65 -64 -59 -65 -66 
 72 76 '81 -82 '83 '84 '86 -86 -88 -87 '86 -87 -88 '94 -88 '80 71 '65 64 -62 ;65 -63 -64 "66 
 71 75 78 -81 '82 '84 '84 -86 -87 '90 "93 -95 '98 -96 -91 78 -69 "62 -64 -64 '61 "64 -65 -66 
 69 75 76 79 '80 '80 '80 -82 '84 '85 '86 '87 -88 '92 '81 71 -64 '63 '63 '57 "54 "57 -59 -63 
 69 74 78 78 79 82 '83 '82 '82 '84 '85 '87 "90 '91 -85 76 73 -65 -62 -61 "62 -61 -63 '66 
 67 -69 70 78 78 '80 '81 -83 -85 -88 '91 -90 -90 "91 -86 78 72 '64 -58 -56 -58 '58 '65 -67 
 
 RK -79 -7ft '7fl -77 -77 -78 -RK -8K 
 
 87 '88 -89 -90 -90 -81 75 71 "62 -61 -62 "63 -61 "63 '69 
 68 -68 74 74 76 78 78 79 -80 '83 '86 -88 -90 '88 -84 77 71 '69 -61 -59 "58 -61 '65 "69 
 74 75 77 77 79 '80 '81 '80 77 79 "80 -83 -87 '86 -84 70 72 '62 -62 -61 "60 -60 -61 "62 
 63 -68 72 73 77 '82 '87 -88 -88 '88 -87 -89 '91 '91 -86 76 "67 "65 -57 -56 "58 "61 -59 -60 
 61 -66 72 70 74 76 '80 '80 '83 '85 '87 -87 -87 '87 -83 71 '66 "59 -57 -54 "48 -45 -51 -58 
 66 74 75 75 79 79 79 '82 -84 '84 "84 -84 -85 -84 77 75 74 -69 -80 77 "69 72 73 75 
 
 7^ -7'-i '7fi '77 '78 -7Q -78 '7ft -8^ 
 
 -86 '88 -88 -89 -90 -88 '81 72 77 "81 -83 "82 "85 -86 -87 
 87 -86 -87 -86 -84 '84 -84 -86 -87 '86 '85 -86 -87 -90 -91 "92 '90 -85 78 74 70 75 79 '84 
 81 -83 -87 -85 "85 '80 '86 -90 -90 "91 "92 -93 -94 -88 -80 78 76 -80 77 79 "82 '90 77 "81 
 82 -84 -88 -88 '88 -90 '90 '96 '92 '91 "89 -89 -89 -86 -80 "81 79 76 75 73 74 72 73 73 
 77 78 -81 -84 -82 '85 -85 -87 '89 '89 '88 '89 -91 -88 '84 79 76 76 75 73 70 78 75 78 
 79 -84 -81 -86 -86 -85 -85 '86 '86 "87 '87 -89 -91 -93 -88 79 75 -69 "65 -59 "63 -68 '68 -68 
 
 Means 0721 -751 -774 -785 -797 '806 "817 -835 -843 -857 -867 -878-893 '898 -851 -780 '728 '686 '663 -654 '646 -660 '669 -6POJO773 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 *; 
 
 4 
 
 C 
 
 *, 
 
 6 
 
 o> 7 
 
 
 
 oo 8 
 
 "* 9 
 3 10 
 
 " 
 % 12 
 
 1 13 
 14 
 15 
 
 !! 
 
 t> 18 
 fe 19 
 '20 
 fc 21 
 22 
 CQ 23 
 1 24 
 
 EH 25 
 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In; In, In. In. In. In. 
 
 0-849 0-848 0'841 0'838 0'841 0'819 0'817 0'804 0'808 0'808 0'808 0'809 0'810 0'829 0797 0765 0780 0741 0795 0783 0793 0'803 0778 0788 
 
 In. 
 
 0-806 
 
 852 
 869 
 899 
 903 
 
 884 
 879 
 
 856 
 912 
 921 
 
 881 
 886 
 863 
 
 876 
 882 
 882 
 840 
 790 
 850 
 
 879 
 878 
 892 
 928 
 918 
 900 
 
 -------- -851 -876 -875 '875 '881 -913 '869 '881 '895 '885 '895 -886 '892 '844 '840 
 843 -839 -827 -834 '836 "868 "880 '882 '887 '883 '878 '898 '918 '868 "842 '848 '846 -870 '864 -886 '883 "866 '906 -893 
 906 -907 -884 -888 '889 '883 '886 '871 -860 860 '860 -871 -882 -631 -935 '925 -905 '926 '882 -919 '946 '930 '903 -923 
 931 -923 -875 -868 '872 '883 -889 '941 -899 '900 -900 '894 -889 -901 -932 '937 '937 -926 '933 '900 -882 -880 -893 -879 
 895 -882 -882 -882 '884 '889 -883 "878 -859 "868 -876 '868 '861 -895 -891 '900 '886 '883 '892 -926 '933 '914 '863 '835 
 863 -877 -883 "890 '886 '890 -892 -889 -882 '882 ^82 "888 '895 -891 -884 '901 "875 -842 '876 '884 -862 -862 '862 -862 
 
 m-8fi9 '8J.fl -84.4. -8/tB 8 t ;9 Rx.fi -R^l '8^1 
 
 -841 -830 -826 -823 -813 -840 '857 "884 "876 '884 -864 "863 '841 '926 -902 
 921 -918 -920 -915 '929 '932 -930 -923 -935 '921 '906 -903 '901 '893 -913 '921 '902 "898 '910 -888 -926 '884 -894 -902 
 923 -923 -912 -920 -924 "931 "931 '936 -934 '942 -950 '952 -955 '927 -920 '934 '903 "882 '913 '907 "884 '916 -892 "896 
 903 -907 -901 -907 -889 '893 -893 "895 -899 '895 -890 -889 -889 893 "819 '818 "854 -865 '682 "879 '843 '871 '885 -&93 
 902 -897 -907 -90S '912 '926 -913 '895 .883 '878 -872 "870 -869 '858 -863 '907 '865 '858 "861 -878 '888 '879 894 '881 
 880 -872 -857 -873 -873 '889 -886 -883 -888 '872 '856 -845 '834 -836 -851 '866 "866 '856 '829 -807 -847 '835 '912 '904 
 
 ^- -881 -882 -879 -876 862 -869 '877 '871 "876 '876 -883 '887 "876 '886 "906 
 892 -886 -867 '869 '875 '875 '866 '857 "861 '869 -877 -883 -890 -63 -872 '902 '888 -912 '878 "870 -88* '905 -917 "918 
 933 -910 -910 -904 -905 '906 -898 '891 '880 '879 -878 '876 -875 -850 -876 '858 '882 '853 '884 "884 '873 "857 -860 -851 
 839 -850 -855 -849 '856 "865 -874 -833 "840 '834 -827 '824 -822 -809 -851 '877 '845 "846 797 -802 -829 '851 -836 '842 
 820 -865 -846 797 -826 '814 "810 '804 -815 '808 -798 792 -786 762 786 -788 797 750 "790 792 720 '690 730 779 
 841 -895 -861 -858 '866 '857 "857 '876 -871 '857 -842 -844 -847 "844 -850 "872 '869 "838 "830 '789 781 '835 -854 -862 
 
 8^1 '891 '84.A -8^fi 'SZ.A. '8^7 8^9 'S^A -8R1 
 
 --------- -887 -912 -902 -891 "881 -896 '896 '875 "942 '951 "949 '923 "845 "851 '850 
 854 -876 -880 -865 -843 '842 '843 '864 '853 '839 -825 818 -811 '835 -865, "893 '923 '934 -P21 '929 -906 -922 -962 -969 
 892 -889 -904 -883 -869 '810 "862 '869 -856 'F62 -868 '873 -879 '877 -855 883 '900 -920 "946 "966 '948 '931 '922 -951 
 947 -939 -923 -924 -918 '931 '925 -948 -936 '926 "915 918 -921 -890 -897 '943 '61 957 -898 '916 -939 '956 -926 -918 
 916 -901 -902 -906 -894 -903 '894 -915 -929 '924 -919 '919 -920 -8F8 -870 '892 -904 932 '949 '932 -916 '969 '964 -963 
 957 -959 -922 -929 -930 '909 '903 *97 -864 '858 -852 '844 '836 '873 -898 '907 '934 -911 -912 "879 -903 '924 '888 -904 
 
 Means 1 0-877 '886 -878 "875 -876 -875 -875 "878 "874 '873 -871 "870 "870 -866 "871 -881 "881 "880 '881 -880 -878 "877 '882 884 1 0'877 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 50 
 
198 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY OP THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time L 
 
 foon 
 
 123456789 10 11 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 17 
 
 18 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 23 
 
 Daily ant 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 ileiin Time 
 
 h m h m. h m h. m. h. m. h. m. li. m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.11 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.14 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.11 21.41 
 
 li. m. h. m. 
 22.41 23.41 
 
 h. m. 
 0.41 
 
 h. m. 
 1.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. 
 2.41 3.41 
 
 April 30 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 ~o 
 
 4 
 :> 
 6 
 
 05 7 
 iC 1 
 
 2 8 : 
 
 >H 9 
 < 10 
 
 a 11 
 
 1 12 
 
 S 13 
 
 <1 14 
 
 H 15 
 fH 16 
 * 17 
 ^ 18 
 19 
 H 20 
 H 21 
 2 22 
 S 23 
 P 24 
 W 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0-71 
 
 70 
 68 
 75 
 66 
 78 
 62 
 
 67 
 79 
 59 
 68 
 73 
 74 
 
 71 
 75 
 71 
 74 
 66 
 68 
 
 73 
 65 
 68 
 62 
 68 
 75 
 
 67 
 60 
 
 * * 
 
 3.7 A-QO A-QA A GO A-G^ A-Gft O-G.7 O-G7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0-780 
 771 
 769 
 796 
 796 
 753 
 
 759 
 
 705 
 715 
 
 728 
 787 
 802 
 
 798 
 808 
 805 
 770 
 781 
 727 
 
 749 
 786 
 , -755 
 747 
 755 
 770 
 
 712 
 680 
 670 
 
 0-87 0-86 0-88 0'90 
 76 -81 -85 -85 -86 -86 -86 -90 -89 -88 -89 '90 
 74 -81 -86 -85 -87 '87 '88 -88 -90 '91 -92 '94 
 79 -82 -84 -88 "90 '89 "89 -88 '89 -90 -91 '93 
 76 -82 -86 -87 '88 -88 '86 -86 -86 -86 -87 -88 
 72 -78 '82 '83 '83 '86 '88 -88 '91 -93 "90 '87 
 
 n.77 -GO -Q7 -G^l -Q7 -fift -Q9 
 
 0-93 
 91 
 93 
 92 
 89 
 79 
 
 0-88 
 85 
 86 
 87 
 86 
 79 
 
 0-76 
 77 
 76 
 80 
 80 
 68 
 
 0-68 0-62 
 72 -62 
 62 -60 
 72 ' -71 
 71 -72 
 61 -65 
 
 0-59 0-60 
 HO -59 
 57 -54 
 77 -64 
 72 -72 
 55 -49 
 
 0-70 
 55 
 
 51 
 63 
 
 67 
 59 
 
 0-71 
 53 
 61 
 60 
 64 
 65 
 
 0-70 0-68 
 67 -68 
 66 -69" 
 61 -57 
 71 -74 
 66 -62 
 
 _ _ -94 -96 -94 -92 
 78 -84 -85 -87 '87 -86 '84 -87 -86 -84 '84 -84 
 86 -86 -87 -87 '86 '87 '90 -90 '91 '92 -93 '94 
 64 -68 -73 -73 '82 -86 '86 '84 -85 '85 -86 -88 
 80 -85 .-86 -87 '88 '88 '88 '87 -88 '88 '89 -91 
 81 -86 -86 -87 '84 -85 '84 -86 -87 . -87 '88 -90 
 
 7Q -QQ .Q7 -Q7 QG .QA -GQ -ft 7 
 
 88 
 83 
 88 
 88 
 90 
 90 
 
 83 
 70 
 83 
 
 82 
 86 
 
 85 
 
 76 
 67 
 68 
 71 
 
 77 
 80 
 
 68 -62 
 60 -56 
 
 58 -45 
 68 -60 
 69 -64 
 
 72 -74 
 
 54 -51 
 52 -47 
 39 -31 
 51 -55 
 58 -64 
 71 '72 
 
 46 
 44 
 31 
 61 
 68 
 69 
 
 58 
 41 
 34 
 62 
 65 
 69 
 
 63 -65 
 36 -54 
 42 -50 
 65 -65 
 67 -68 
 70 -70 
 
 -90 -92 -92 -93 
 80 -79 -82 -86 -89 '88 '88 -89 -90 .'90 '90 -90 
 79 -87 -87 -88 '88 '90 '93 '92 -90 '88 '88 '88 
 82 -71 -74 -80 -84 '84 '89 -90 '89 '88 '89 -90 
 74 -85 -87 -84 "85 -86 '84 -92 -93 '94 -93 '92 
 78 -81 -83 -85 -85 -83 '84 -83 -85 -87 -88 -90 
 
 7,1 .77 -7Q -Ql -Q1 -GO *fi.'4 *Q9 
 
 95 
 92 
 88 
 89 
 94 
 88 
 
 88 
 '84 
 79 
 82 
 80 
 77 
 
 81 
 79 
 77 
 74 
 73 
 66 
 
 74 -73 
 74 -74 
 74 -69 
 62 -63 
 66 -62 
 60 -55 
 
 65 -65 
 72 -70 
 72 -68 
 60 '64 
 63 '64 
 48 -42 
 
 62 
 
 72 
 67 
 70 
 63 
 
 40 
 
 59 
 69 
 69 
 65 
 62 
 61 
 
 61 -63 
 71 -71 
 68 -68 
 68 -70 
 62 -63 
 64 -65 
 
 f4 / 7 <y ol o OA oo o& 
 -81-80 -82 -85 
 78 -82 -81- -81 -84 -84 '85 -86 '87 -88 -90 -92 
 71 -80 -85 -83 -86 -87 '90 -89 -89 -89 -85 -82 
 75 -80 -84 -84 '88 -87 '87 -86 -87 '88 '87 -86 
 68 -77 -78 -79 -83 -84 -87 -90 -89 -87 -87 "88 
 78 -83 -84 -86 -85 -83 '83 -84 '85 '86 -87 -88 
 
 83 
 92 
 79 
 
 84 
 88 
 87 
 
 74 
 87 
 73 
 77 
 81 
 82 
 
 69 
 79 
 65 
 
 68 
 
 74 
 74 
 
 66 -62 
 74 -67 
 74 -71 
 60 -54 
 68 -64 
 65 -62 
 
 63 -65 
 62 ' -68 
 63 '61 
 54 '60 
 63 '60 
 62 -70 
 
 67 
 68 
 66 
 59 
 60 
 67 
 
 71 
 67 
 62 
 61 
 60 
 67 
 
 68 -74 
 67 -65 
 57 -61 
 66 -62 
 65 -69 
 67 -65 
 
 II 7o <y OO CO OO OD BO 
 
 _ _ _ - -84-82 -82 -83 
 72 -76 -76 -73 -75 -76 -77 '75 -81 -86 -85 -84 
 67 -70 -73 -78 -79 '80 -79 '78 -81 '83 -83 .'84 
 
 80 
 78 
 
 87 
 
 73 
 66 
 71 
 
 67 
 62 
 59 
 
 58 -56 
 60 -52 
 53 '50 
 
 46 -43 
 52 -47 
 44 -41 
 
 47 
 46 
 47 
 
 50 
 50 
 
 47 
 
 60 -64 
 57 -60 
 52 -61 
 
 Means J 0-694 
 
 757 -800 -823 '836 -851 -856 -862 -867 '876 -879 -881 '887 
 
 877 
 
 805 
 
 727 
 
 663 -625 
 
 590 '580 
 
 587 
 
 601 
 
 629 -649 1 0-758 
 
 April 30 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 o 7 
 8 
 ^ 9 
 ^ 10 
 
 S n 
 
 "? 12 
 
 tf 13 
 t> 14 
 
 2j 16 
 t> 17 
 ^ 18 
 O 19 
 20 
 21 
 55 22 
 fc 23 
 I* 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. 
 
 0-899 
 _ 
 
 935 
 954 
 918 
 912 
 
 978 
 854 
 
 975 
 1-007 
 
 0-923 
 
 967 
 990 
 
 1-034 
 
 0-978 
 1-026 
 0-977 
 988 
 937 
 968 
 
 945 
 955 
 903 
 865 
 975 
 992 
 
 996 
 | -936 
 
 * * 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. in. In. 
 0'901 0'918 0"896 0'910 0"91S 0'912 0'894 0"894 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 . In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. 
 
 0-913 
 919 
 936 
 961 
 
 973 
 909 
 
 947 
 928 
 915 
 946 
 996 
 1-007 
 
 0-980 
 998 
 982 
 945 
 958 
 924 
 
 . 0-900 0-906 0-914 0'923 
 
 940 -946 -955 '953 -942 -930 -923 '905 '895 '884 '887 '890 
 952 -958 -968 -969 -971 -971-982 -973 -961 "949 -938 -928 
 935 -959 -982 J'005 1-017 roos -996 -973 '976 -978 -986 -995 
 963 -989 1-003 -010 -005 -006 -977 -968 '947 -926 -934 -942 
 877 -949 0-969 0-978 0-961 0-981 -990 -973 -984 -994 -923 '853 
 
 QQ7 -QO1 QAA -QQ^ .Q'TA -Q71 .Q7yl -QQ/i 
 
 0-916 
 
 891 
 903 
 976 
 929 
 754 
 
 0-945 
 
 904 
 890 
 971 
 967 
 800 
 
 0-923 
 
 909 
 896 
 975 
 970 
 824 
 
 0-869 0-849 
 
 930 '853 
 824 -854 
 955 '970 
 959 '988 
 806 '941 
 
 0'862 0-865 
 
 875 -930 
 869 '888 
 999 -906 
 998 1-015 
 851 0-824, 
 
 0-985 
 
 876 
 887 
 926 
 969 
 900 
 
 1-006 
 0-876 
 1-001 
 0-907 
 945 
 920 
 
 0-985 0-933 
 
 1-020 -997 
 004 -983 
 0-909 -839 
 
 1-017 1-013 
 0-936 0-862 
 
 _ . _ 1-006 1-028 1-006 -984 
 1-010 1-023 1-030 1-036 1'030 T016 -996 T004 0'968 0'931 0'918 -9Q6 
 
 036 -030 -033 -034 -025 -032 r<Mo -043 1'034 i"025 1-020 1-015 
 
 0-922 0-907 0-928 0'912 0'988 -Q14 0'999 0'996 0'969 0'941 0'938 0'935 
 
 1-012 1-033 1-028 1-034 V036 -Q22 i'005 '991 -982 '973 -978 -983 
 014 -028 '030 -028 -003 0-997 0-978 -993 '983 '972 -972 -973 
 
 A9 -AOQ *AQO -AQ/f 'AQfi 1 'W7 1 *flO P i -QQG 
 
 944 
 899 
 940 
 918 
 981 
 972 
 
 958 
 834 
 922 
 932 
 983 
 981 
 
 950 
 863 
 
 883 
 894 
 1-001 
 
 010 
 
 948 -941 
 870 '882 
 863 '738 
 942 -932 
 979 '975 
 
 1-009 1-057 
 
 887 "874 
 886 '838 
 705 '613 
 865 "936 
 944 '985 
 
 1-024 1-040 
 
 844 
 849 
 618 
 978 
 
 1-028 
 
 033 
 
 934 
 838 
 674 
 971 
 989 
 
 1-029 
 
 958 -966 
 773 -904 
 759 -864 
 984 -990 
 997 I'OOi 
 1-029 -019 
 
 -977 -955 -943 -931 
 Oil 0-985 0-998 -Q07 '025 '005 -007 1'003 -983 '962 -952 -942 
 019 1-041 1-034 -034 '007 -Oil -016 0-984 -967 '950 -934 -919 
 017 0-848 0-855 0'895 0'93i 0'93i 0'964 -978 '976 '973 '960 '948 
 0-976 1-012 1-010 -970 -979 -970 -964 -986 -988 -989 -972 -955 
 990 0-990 0-992 -998 -991 -960 '964 -928 '936 '943 -952 -962 
 
 QQ1 'Q7A -Q77 -QGQ -O7Q -QQQ -Q7 -O^7 
 
 931 
 953 
 913 
 945 
 949 
 911 
 
 948 
 964 
 915 
 956 
 889 
 878 
 
 0-978 
 977 
 946 
 956 
 901 
 867 
 
 0-988 -012 
 
 i-ooo -050 
 
 0-963 0-971 
 
 863 -911 
 905 -908 
 866 '877 
 
 0-943 0-948 
 1-025 1-025 
 009 0-988 
 0-906 -951 
 
 949 -979 
 820 -755 
 
 0-944 
 1-044 
 0-990 
 1-027 
 0-9CO 
 
 775 
 
 0-925 
 1-005 
 0-983 
 
 957 
 946 
 975 
 
 0-946 0-924 
 1-033 1-010 
 0-970 0-970 
 
 966 -978 
 918 -920 
 958 -957 
 
 -884 -810 -836 -863 
 950 -941 -934 -926 -963 -964 -959 -9*3 '944 -944 -952 -960 
 967 -981 1-052 1-029 1-037 -1-034 ro40 rocs -975 -942 -898 -854 
 
 927 '944 0-956 0-957 0-973 0-965 0'955 0'936 -939 '942 -928 "914 
 
 890 -923 -924 '929 '960 '963 '972 -973 "963 "953 -947 -942 
 974 I'OOO 1-002 rooo -991 -965 -961 -962 -954 -945 -943 -942 
 984 0-981 0-990 -005 1-020 i-ooo -996 -966 - 
 -915 -864 -866 '868 
 982 -984 -964 0-943 0-928 0-906 -902 -871 '899 "926 -910 -894 
 934 -928 -942 '969 -975 -966 -952 -943 -946 '949 -943 '938 
 
 840 
 960 
 800 
 901 
 927 
 933 
 
 836 
 843 
 941 
 
 790 
 965 
 814 
 923 
 934 
 936 
 
 850 
 785 
 863 
 
 812 
 977 
 779 
 877 
 929 
 931 
 
 872 
 832 
 782 
 
 833 -853 
 990 -983 
 852 -878 
 851 -843 
 915 -915 
 898 -899 
 
 852 -904 
 849 -818 
 772 -806 
 
 917 -942 
 966 1-020 
 887 0-883 
 879 '957 
 933 -926 
 946 1-033 
 
 800 o-8ii 
 867 '839 
 751 '765 
 
 949 
 
 1 002 
 0-895 
 
 938 
 901 
 978 
 
 841 
 830 
 812 
 
 975 
 
 1-003 
 0-853 
 
 925 
 906 
 966 
 
 896 
 839 
 785 
 
 951 -942 -916 
 1-016 -983 -966 
 0-850 -871 -922 
 960 -865 -923 
 957 -979 -934 
 962 -926 -959 
 
 998 -992 -921 
 923 -940 -895 
 840 -940 1 -891 
 
 Means 0~955 
 
 966 -971 -979 -983 -988 '982 -977 -968 "957 -946 '939 -932 
 
 911 
 
 907 
 
 908 
 
 902 -911 
 
 902 -909 
 
 918 
 
 927 
 
 949 -947 1 0-943 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 199 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 GottinKen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 i 
 
 Daily am 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Mftdras 
 Menn Time 
 
 h. m. 
 Ml 
 
 h. m. 
 5.4] 
 
 h. m. 
 
 6.41 
 
 ll. 113. 
 
 7.11 
 
 ii. m. 
 
 8.41 
 
 ]i. m. }i. m. h. m. h. m. li. m. li. m. h. in. li. m. 1>. m. h. m. h. in h.m. li. m. h. m. h.m. 
 0.41 10.41 11.41 12,41 13.41 14.J1 18.41 18.41 17.41 18.41 10.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 
 
 h.m. 
 0.41 
 
 li. m. 
 1.41 
 
 h.m. 
 2.41 
 
 h. m. 
 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 g 7 
 2 8 
 
 W 9 
 % 10 
 
 P 11 
 7 12 
 13 
 
 .^ 14 
 
 IS 
 
 H 17 
 
 fe 18 
 6 19 
 H 20 
 EH 21 
 
 Q 22 
 B oo 
 
 W-j .M 
 
 | 24 
 W 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 0-65 
 62 
 63 
 
 60 
 
 63 
 61 
 
 72 
 74 
 76 
 67 
 
 59 
 62 
 48 
 48 
 47 
 73 
 
 61 
 81 
 73 
 68 
 66 
 62 
 
 64 
 68 
 
 58 
 66 
 
 0-73 
 64 
 67 
 
 68 
 
 68 
 67 
 75 
 79 
 79 
 1-2 
 
 60 
 63 
 55 
 52 
 62 
 73 
 
 75 
 81 
 75 
 71 
 66 
 71 
 
 73 
 67 
 71 
 
 72 
 
 0-80 
 66 
 73 
 73 
 
 76 
 71 
 77 
 77 
 83 
 78 
 
 63 
 61 
 
 57 
 7-2 
 72 
 73 
 
 so 
 
 84 
 79 
 80 
 74 
 79 
 
 80 
 73 
 67 
 76 
 
 0-77 
 69 
 75 
 74 
 
 78 
 74 
 78 
 7!) 
 83 
 84 
 
 64 
 61 
 
 57 
 75 
 72 
 74 
 
 84 
 89 
 80 
 86 
 81 
 78 
 
 83 
 76 
 
 72 
 79 
 
 0-77 
 70 
 
 77 
 76 
 
 70 
 76 
 77 
 81 
 84 
 84 
 
 72 
 64 
 57 
 78 
 74 
 80 
 
 84 
 80 
 86 
 86 
 
 82 
 82 
 
 82 
 78 
 73 
 82 
 
 * * 
 
 0-79 0-80 0-81 0-80 0'79 0'77 079 0'82 0'82 0'71 0'64 0'5o 0'50 0'46 0'43 
 75 -74 -70 '65 -68 "70 -70 -70 '70 -62 -61 -62 -51 '48 -44 
 79 -80 -80 -81 -81 "80 '79 79 77 -62 -60 '57 -53 -50. '47 
 
 76 -76 -77 77 
 
 0-46 
 44 
 42 
 
 0-49 0-57 0-57 
 39 -42 -41 
 48 -47 -49 
 
 0-679 
 607 
 661 
 
 700 
 712 
 720 
 729 
 767 
 765 
 
 757 
 686 
 660 
 602 
 688 
 650 
 
 691 
 721 
 765 
 753 
 717 
 692 
 
 720 
 696 
 685 
 674 
 733 
 
 83 '88 -86 -85 '83 -83 72 '66 -61 '62 -56 
 80 -80 -82 -84 -85 "85 -88 -91 -84 76 '69 -65 -59 '57 -54 
 75 77 -77 -77 -83 '88 -89 -91 -88 -82 '80 '67 "58 '57 '56 
 74 75 75 76 '81 -85 '83 '82 -84 74 71 '62 -63 '63 -64 
 81 -83 -83 -83 -88 '92 -91 -90 -85 -82 75 76 70 '65 -59 
 83 -86 -84 -84 -83 '82 -85 '88 -88 "83 -83 76 '67 '62 -58 
 80 -82 -83 '82 
 
 53 
 50 
 51 
 63 
 60 
 56 
 
 49 
 48 
 52 
 63 
 57 
 57 
 
 49 
 
 48 
 64 
 64 
 62 
 59 
 
 46 
 59 
 66 
 69 
 69 
 66 
 
 - - - - -88 '94 -93 -92 -93 -83 79 70 '65 -64 -56 
 73 -73 74 77 76 75 78 '82 -83 79 79 75 -67 '62 -58 
 65 -66 -68 76 -80 "84 -87 -90 -92 76 70 -64 -59 '55 -53 
 63 -67 -67 -67 72 77 76 75 70 72 -67 -60 '56 '50 -47 
 83 -82 -83 -82 "84 '86 -85 -85 .81 -81 70 -65 '63 '61 -53 
 77 -77 -79 -77 -78 -78 78 78 76 72 -69 -64 -55 "50 -46 
 79 78 79 '8 
 
 56 
 53 
 47 
 47 
 49 
 46 
 
 56 
 51 
 
 48 
 48 
 45 
 45 
 
 58 
 56 
 49 
 45 
 45 
 43 
 
 57 
 58 
 44 
 45 
 44 
 44 
 
 - - - - 79 75 79 -83 '85 -82 73 '66 -57 '55 -46 
 80 -83 -84 -82 -84 '86 -83 -81 -82 78 70 '61 '58 '54 -49 
 82 -82 -81 -83 -83 -82 -84 '86 '88 -85 -82 -72 '67 '65 -61 
 86 -86 -86 -86 '87 -88 "86 -85 '83 '83 77 71 "63 '59 -57 
 87 -88 -89 -87 -88 '88 -87 -86 '88 76 70 -55 -52 -50 -46 
 
 84 -83 -86 -82 -85 -88 -87 -86 -82 73 -64 -50 -47 -43 -40 
 
 go .g5 -g9 .59 . , ... . 
 
 44 
 49 
 61 
 53 
 43 
 40 
 
 43 
 
 47 
 59 
 54 
 40 
 57 
 
 44 
 65 
 59 
 59 
 52 
 56 
 
 56 
 71 
 59 
 65 
 59 
 58 
 
 64 
 59 
 55 
 65 
 71 
 
 - - - - -86 -82 -82 -82 -80 '82 76 71 -60 -55 -48 
 83 -84 -85 76 -81 -86 -85 -84 -83 79 73 -56 .49 -46 -44 
 79 -82 -82 -82 -82 '82 -83 -84 -86 -79 '69 -56 -49 -42 -46 
 74 76 77 79 79 79 79 .79 -82 72 -64 -57 -51 -48 -50 
 80 -81 78 73 75 76 77 78 -81 76 -68 '69 71 '66 -66 
 
 41 
 
 44 
 48 
 52 
 64 
 
 43 
 39 
 46 
 59 
 66 
 
 60 
 53 
 51 
 55 
 
 68 
 
 Means | O'Wl 
 
 692 
 
 740 
 
 762 
 
 777 
 
 784 795 -800 796 '815 -828 '830 '836 '829 770 713 -642 '585 -552 -518 '501 
 
 503 
 
 542 
 
 575 1 0701 
 
 In. 
 
 1 0-984 
 
 2 -899 
 3! '865 
 4 -843 
 5 
 6 -898 
 a 7 -927 
 g 8 -963 
 ^ 9 -948 
 H 10 -966 
 g 11-871 
 
 C 19 
 
 t-B 1* 
 
 1 13 -800 
 14 -814 
 g 15. -755 
 16 -759 
 < 17 -781 
 ^ 18 -929 
 ^ 19 - 
 20 -850 
 g 21 -874 
 2 22 -961 
 23 -900 
 g 24 -928 
 EH 25 -863 
 26 - 
 27 -880 
 28 -919 
 29 -859 
 30 -938 
 
 In. 
 
 i-uoo 
 
 0-904 
 
 883 
 888 
 
 905 
 934 
 920 
 963 
 949 
 890 
 
 798 
 806 
 762 
 782 
 853 
 932 
 
 909 
 863 
 908 
 887 
 897 
 924 
 
 905 
 857 
 939 
 925 
 
 In. 
 1-027 
 0-906 
 
 908 
 925 
 
 935 
 939 
 
 908 
 937 
 958 
 909 
 
 806 
 771 
 762 
 869 
 898 
 897 
 
 883 
 924 
 911 
 921 
 876 
 939 
 
 921 
 865 
 832 
 939 
 
 In. 
 
 0-907 
 
 922 
 922 
 930 
 
 944 
 940 
 905 
 945 
 936 
 909 
 
 804 
 765 
 761 
 899 
 892 
 897 
 
 931 
 960 
 895 
 967 
 926 
 915 
 
 933 
 
 872 
 874 
 943 
 
 In. 
 0-957 
 
 917 
 931 
 938 
 
 946 
 945 
 885 
 959 
 941 
 900 
 
 861 
 775 
 751 
 883 
 899 
 918 
 
 933 
 809 
 954 
 962 
 934 
 933 
 
 921 
 883 
 872 
 954 
 
 # * 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0-954 0-9(!3 0'9G" (V949 0'930 0'910 0'917 0'925 0'926 0'87G 0'894 0'821 0'820 0'809 O'Sll 
 
 959 -929 -878 -825 -842 '859 '842 '826 -805 737 791 -838 722 712 '687 
 946 -949 -947 -935 '928 -920 '913 '906 "848 735 787 -838 '816 799 763 
 938 '938 -^37 '924 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-830 0-850 
 
 726 -690 
 753 766 
 
 In. 
 
 0-923 
 
 761 
 770 
 
 In. 
 
 0-890 
 
 744 
 764 
 
 In. 
 0-913 
 
 822 
 858 
 
 889 
 899 
 912 
 888 
 899 
 901 
 
 866 
 835 
 804 
 773 
 831 
 833 
 
 821 
 837 
 860 
 877 
 846 
 843 
 
 877 
 833 
 839 
 
 857 
 888 
 
 - - - - '919 -913 -888 -863 '840 '872 -866 -860 '869 -915 '884 
 949 -949 -950 -947 "941 -934 -942 -951 "893 '847 "824 -833 '832 "847-857 
 928 '940 '908 -908 '913 '917 '933 -949 '918 '926 -918 '878 '843 "869 '881 
 852 -857 '842 -846 '878 '910 '888 '867 "878 "875 "858 '828 '884 '873 '919 
 953 -960 -955 -947 '924 -900 '886 -873 '847 '844 -802 -817 '826 "833 '833 
 9-29 -951 -939 -931 '914 '897 '888 -879 '883 '868 "893 -938 "872 '840 '834 
 '827 '839 '834 "816 
 
 891 
 829 
 836 
 909 
 873 
 830 
 
 828 
 843 
 839 
 902 
 863 
 856 
 
 847 
 855 
 957 
 918 
 949 
 848 
 
 811 
 
 934 
 937 
 938 
 950 
 879 
 
 784 
 813 
 721 
 722 
 796 
 796 
 
 - -857 -898 -888 '878 "881 '886 '886 -876 '864 "913 '845 
 865 -870 -867 '878 '841 -803 '823 '844 -840 '824 "887 -893 '888 '823 '814 
 780 778 786 "846 '862 '878 '877 '876 -887 793 797 -809 '810 779 '807 
 772 786 780 776 '805 -833 '811 789 737 751 794 791 '800 767 734 
 884 -864 -861 '836 '844 '851 '841 '832 "812 '828 '834 '833 '849 '878 798 
 909 -908 -892 '850 '852 '854 '848 '843 '821 -806 -&24 '835 783 749 738 
 '915 '908 '887 '854 
 
 829 
 803 
 735 
 756 
 789 
 769 
 
 863 
 773 
 751 
 800 
 753 
 814 
 
 832 
 831 
 790 
 758 
 776 
 777 
 
 - - - - 795 736 765 794 -811 783 782 783 762 789 719 
 891 -884 '870 '837 '829 -820 792 765 77.7 792 '801 770 774 774 752 
 837 -836 -835 '831 '825 -818 '820 '823 '821 '827 '854 '850 '867 -896 '876 
 939 -927 -911 '906 '884 -862 '850 '838 '821 '838 '846 '856 '827 '817 "830 
 966 -942 -945 "925 '906 -887 '869 "851 '832 793 '803 715 728 717 713 
 939 -929 '920 '912 '911 -910 '893 '876 '817 788 '793 '693 "679 -688 '665 
 903 -930 '938 -9 1 ") 
 
 734 
 790 
 890 
 820 
 732 
 700 
 
 743 
 813 
 897 
 846 
 712 
 863 
 
 751 
 901 
 905 
 893 
 
 782 
 848 
 
 822 
 947 
 914 
 
 897 
 851 
 847 
 
 - - - ' - -900 -870 -861 -853 '833 '864 '912 -919 '842 -807 783 
 922 -933 '910 791 '824 -856 '849 '842 '840 "828 '852 741 714 -668 704 
 888 -894 -895 '888 '880 -871 '871 '871 -864 '881 -855 770 737 -677 '750 
 867 -876 -879 '885 '871 '857 '842 '828 '836 '824 "830 '831 775 766 788 
 934 -935 '898 '824 '821 '817 '816 '816 '819 '836 '834 '849 "888 '915 '924 
 
 720 
 724 
 774 
 827 
 916 
 
 792 
 701 
 735 
 928 
 928 
 
 906 
 854 
 801 
 861 
 913 
 
 897 
 874 
 849 
 1-017 
 0-931 
 
 Means 1 0-884 
 
 892 
 
 899 
 
 906 
 
 906 
 
 903 -903 -893 '877 -873 -868 '862 '856 "842 '828 '839 '826 '810 -805 796 
 
 799 
 
 813 
 
 846 
 
 859 | 0-858 
 
 * The numbers iii these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
200 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIK AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHEKIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily an< 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m h.m. h. m. h. m. h. TO. h.m. h. in. h. m. h. m. b.m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. ID. h. m. h. m. li. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. li. rn, h. in. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.11 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.J1 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 t 
 
 4 
 
 K 
 V 
 
 6 
 
 o 7 
 >o c 
 
 2 9 
 
 3 10 
 
 11 
 
 S 12 
 1 13 
 S 14 
 <J 15 
 
 W I 6 
 
 W 17 
 E-" 18 
 fe 19 
 20 
 N 21 
 & 22 
 8 23 
 24 
 & 25 
 H 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0-74 0-79 0-83 0'85 0'84 0'84 0'82 0"88 0'86 0*87 0'87 0-87 0'88 0'81 0'81 072 0'64 0'66 0'62 0'64 0'59 0'58 0-60 0'64 
 
 ft7 '79 -7^ -78 -7Q -8O '8 -: ? -88 -8^ 
 
 0-760 
 
 -88 -90 -89 -89 "91 "82 '74 -72 -63 -63 ;->9 '55 -60 -06 -60 
 60 '62 -74 -77 '80 "80 -83 "84 -85 "88 -91 -89 -88 -91 "84 -70 -61 '56 -55 -56 '59 -59 -60 -60 
 64 -68 -75 -77 78 "80 -79 -80 '83 '86 '88 "87 -86 "88 "80 -67 "65 -60 '62 -59 '56 -58 -60 -68 
 70 '72 -78 "78 '79 '80 '82 '83 '84 '85 '85 '86 '88 '89 '77 75 '62 -61 -63 '61 '59 -64 -71 '66 
 67 74 -82 '84 '87 '84 '84 -86 '87 '89 -90 -91 -92 "93 "77 -70 -61 -56 '50 -57 -59 -58 -59 -59 
 64 -70 -74 -76 -77 "78 "81 "82 "82 '83 -84 -85 -86 "88 "83 -74 '69 -61 -56 "61 -63 -59 -63 -64 
 
 A7 -AQ -RR -7O -74, -7R -77 -8D -84 
 
 753 
 730 
 731 
 749 
 748 
 735 
 
 727 
 832 
 869 
 870 
 832 
 822 
 
 864 
 812 
 768 
 755 
 752 
 789 
 
 695 
 635 
 617 
 619 
 584 
 680 
 
 738 
 
 -84 -84 "84 -85 '83 '77 -67 -61 "64 -63 -61 -67 -66 -68 '67 
 68 -70 -73 "74 -75 -76 '80 '80 '84 -84 '84 "89 -94 '94 "95 -95 -92 -93 -92 '86 -83 -74 -82 79 
 86 -86 -87 "88 -95 "96 '88 "88 "91 -91 -91 "91 '91 '89 '87 -89 -87 -85 -81 79 -86 -82 77 75 
 88 -90 -93 '92 -91 "92 "93 '92 "96 -94 -92 "93 -94 '95 '92 -87 79 74 76 75 -80 77 77 75 
 72 79 -85 "88 -89 '90 '90 '92 -95 -96 -97 "97 -97 '94 '91 -84 -81 74 71 -65 -64 -64 -65 77 
 75 -80 -84 "84 -87 -90 "86 '81 "82 -84 '86 -88 "91 "95 -93 -88 "84 -82 78 72 -69 -69 74 72 
 
 74. -7Q -84. -S 6 ; -8fi -8Q -Q1 -01 -Ql 
 
 -94 -97 -95 -94 "94 -91 -90 -86 -85 -82 79 -81 78 79 79 
 80 -83 -85 -81 -86 -89 -90 -89 -91 -89 -87 -87 -88 -87 -87 -85 -83 79 71 '69 -65 -66 -65 68 
 74 -80 -80 "85 -85 "86 "87 "85 -83 "83 "83 "85 -88 "87 -83 -80 75 70 -65 "62 -59 -60 -60 -59 
 62 -65 71 74 75 75 78 '80 '80 "83 '85 "86 -87 '87 -82 79 -80 72 -69 72 -62 -66 -69 72 
 75 78 79 77 77 78 78 "80 78 79 -80 -80 -81 -81 79 79 -82 77 70 -68 -63 -60 -61 -64 
 64 -83 -87 '88 '91 "93 -93 "91 "89 -90 "90 "89 '88 '86 -82 75 71 '68 "64 -63 -63 -63 -62 -60 
 
 R1 -RA, -71 -SI -81 '7Q -7Q -7Q -80 - 
 
 -80-80 -79 -78 75 -75 74 -62 -56 -55 -53 -54 -55 -55 -06 
 57 -60 -57 -62 -68 "72 -71 '71 '71 -72 -73 '74 -76 -72 -67 '69 '63 -62 -59 -55 -48 -45 '48 '51 
 54 -57 -57 '62 -64 -65 -67 '68 70 '72 -73 -74 -75 -75 -71 '64 -61 -55 '54 -55 -51 -48 '46 -44 
 45 -50 -54 -59 -62 -64 '68 70 75 77 78 78 79 -74 -68 -69 -62 -58 -53 -51 -50 -48 "45 '48 
 50 -51 -54 -53 -55 '60 -59 -61 -63 '66 -69 -73 '78 -71 -79 -67 -55 -53 -50 -50 -47 -44 '46 -48 
 47 -53 -56 71 77 '84 -84 "84 -83 -84 '84 -81 78 78 73 70 -67 -64 -59 -54 -53 -51 -49 -48 
 
 RQ -74, -8n -89 -89 -BO -8fi -88 -Sfi 
 
 -85-84 82 -81 -84 -80 -77 '70 -58 -57 -55 -56 -50 -63 '63 
 
 Means 1 0-667 "711 "749 -773 -794 -808 -815 -823 -832 -843 "851 "853 -862 -855 '814 "765 '713 -674 -646 -631 -620 -608 '627 "633 
 
 0749 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 I 
 
 r* 9 
 
 tH 10 
 11 
 
 12 
 1 13 
 P5 14 
 15 
 16 
 <1 17 
 > 18 
 fe 19 
 20 
 fc 21 
 2 22 
 g 23 
 H 24 
 EH 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. ]n. In. In. In. In. 
 Q'942 0-954 0-953 0-955 0-939 0'931 0'912 0'911 0'905 0'896 0'886 0'878 0'871 0'805 O'Sll 0778 0775 0'812 0'853 0'922 0'899 0'898 0'849 O'SCo 
 8QQ .Qn4. -QAfl 'Qn^ -Q1O -Q99 'Q9Q Q7'3 .GQ4, 
 
 In. 
 
 0-883 
 
 914 
 888 
 896 
 917 
 936 
 923 
 
 892 
 886 
 835 
 936 
 903 
 898 
 
 878 
 826 
 844 
 831 
 827 
 833 
 
 805 
 769 
 771 
 782 
 751 
 840 
 
 878 
 
 . -941 -947 -934 -921 -920 -903 -901 "913 '912 "917 -919 -853 -891 -933 -849 
 843 -861 -882 -909 -920 -922 '929 -932 -935 -941 -946 -917 -889 -891 -906 '868 '820 '818 '829 -853 -897 -855 -874 -878 
 897 -918 '921 '923 "919 -919 '911 -921 -929 '923 -917 -899 -881 '882 -897 -815 '872 -873 -90S -877 -844 '866 -855 -946 
 944 -952 -940 '904 -902 -904 -913 -898 -900 '899 -898 -890 -883 -900 -886 -916 '886 '905 -943 -927 -901 -972 i'006 -938 
 939 -966 -989 '995 I'OOi -963 -964 -962 -965 '959 -953 -950 "947 '940 '915 -916 : 876 -844 '823 -&93 -931 "926 !5 -904 
 916 -921 -931 -921 O' 9 ^ -925 -935 -929 -924 '928 -932 -930 -929 -926 -922 -917 '912 -863 '841 -940 -965 -930 -950 -949 
 
 Q<\A. .QftQ -8AQ .8^7 -8QQ -QQR .Qf>8 -U1Q -QQ1 
 
 -902 -873 -861 -850 -831 -838 '829 -820 -890 -907 -886 -948 -933 '931 -937 
 940 -935 -925 -922 '932 '884 '889 -889 -900 '885 -870 -878 '886 -878 -902 -875 '853 -855 -834 -844 -868 -&69 '885 -858 
 879 -873 -866 -868 '875 -836 '801 -802 '809 '806 -803 796 790 776 779 773 773 -833 -842 -848 '894 -894 -917 -916 
 953 -954 -965 -961 '921 "922 -932 -924 -933 -914 '895 -889 '883 "875 -888 '903 '914 -953 -991 i-oio 1-012 -992 -944 -948 
 940 -961 -950 -950 '830 '828 '834 -840 "866 '865 -864 -871 '879 '873 -891 -902 '928 -930 -959 0-903 0-919 -928 -955 IW 
 954 -953 -966 -939 '940 "887 '823 -819 '824 "846 -867 -876 -886 '902 '896 "905 '917 -925 -921 -897 -912 -888 -922 0-895 
 
 QC\A. -QOQ -Qt;i < i i <i -Q^l -SAJ, -ft^fi -QAA. -CO8 
 
 -871 -914 -893 -873 '873 -872 -869 '860 -880 -854 -833 -877 -852 -863 -859 
 858 -861 -850 781 "818 -835 -857 -845 -850 "825 -fOO -800 -801 776 -792 -784 -789 -847 -831 -865 -843 -840 -836 -847 
 887 -895 -888 -894 '883 -876 -885 -872 '840 '830 -820 -817 -815 -798 789 -810 '832 -826 -809 -822 -842 -844 -845 -835 
 819 -811 -833 -835 '837 -829 -837 -830 '805 '813 -820 -826 -832 "825 -807 '800 '850 -823 -824 -840 -822 -860 -865 -905 
 934 -913 -887 -849 "839 -839 -825 -818 -799 791 -783 781 780 754 -749 776 '839 -850 -856 -842 -825 -817 -837 -859 
 835 799 -823 -834 '863 -864 -855 -855 -830 '832 -834 -820 -806 772 774 794 -818 -869 -856 -843 -851 -865 -853 -854 
 
 84.1 K'iR -8R9 -8fiQ -KRR -8^7 '84.7 '84.4. -8^1 
 
 -820 -808 -790 -773 736 736 770 '731 -732 -764 -730 -790 -831 -821 -825 
 831 -830 -695 741 772 -806 -790 780 -773 -765 -757 -772 -787 '733 -705 '761 "763 -793 -813 "785 -760 -742 -757 755 
 786 781 752 760 763 764 771 764 -771 "772 '772 777 782 736 -746 '354 '764 -762 -790 -829 '823 -780 -775 -735 
 737 758 756 779 779 789 '810 -827 -855 -849 "843 '835 -828 '759 713 762 767 -760 781 -737 788 -761 745 747 
 747 752 766 724 724 752 735 736 748 768 787 '805 -824 746 -828 766 700 -695 -711 -729 -705 740 764 -766 
 756 781 793 -856 '908 -937 '931 -922 -890 -880 "870 '833 796 796 -797 '828 '830 "830 "805 -813 '812 -834 '831 -832 
 
 04.'} -QfiO -Q79 -ORQ -CKI -Q1 7 -Q'^7 -Oil -8Q1 
 
 -881 -870 -853 -837 -856 -830 -856 '848 -758 -802 -823 -848 -777 -891 -888 
 
 Means 
 
 0-880 -886 -879 -879 -879 -871 -869 '868 "864 -862 -859 '853 -847 -829 '830 -832 '832 -840 -849 -854 -863 -861 -871 -869|0'859 
 
 * Th numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 201 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 M G ea"S : Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 i 
 
 Daily and 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 tfcan Timo 
 
 h m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m, la.ro. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h, m. li. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 0.41 10.-11 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 8 6 
 
 3 7 
 
 rn 8 
 
 g 9 
 
 g 10 
 
 D 11 
 
 -< 12 
 1 13 
 
 3 u 
 
 -< 15 
 16 
 E 17 
 18 
 
 fe 10 
 
 O 
 U 20 
 
 21 
 S 22 
 
 P i>0 
 
 I 1 SO 
 
 24 
 
 P otc 
 
 W 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0-66 0-71 0-75 0-78 0'85 0'86 0'84 0'84 0'88 0*90 0'91 0*92 0'94 0'91 0'87 0'82 0-77 070 0'65 0'62 0'59 0'67 0'67 0'66 
 69 -69 -73 -78 '80 -80 "82 "85 -88 '88 -87 '87 -88 "90 -86 -72 -67 -70 '89 -85 -70 -68 -74 '76 
 77 -81 -82 -84 '88 '91 "91 "90 '90 "90 -89 -89 -89 '87 -89 -91 "89 '87 '84 -81 '78 "70 -70 '71 
 72 -82 -85 "86 '88 '88 -90 -90 '92 '92 '92 -93 "95 -95 '88 '86 "89 "87 '82 -77 '71 -69 '71 "71 
 70 -73 -80 -84 -88 '90 '90 -92 '92 -92 -92 '93 '95 '91 -86 '80 '74 "71 '62 '63 "69 -74 -73 -74 
 HA. .cn .QO -ad. '8fi S-". -8fi 'Sfi '87 - 
 
 0782 
 792 
 845 
 846 
 812 
 
 801 
 780 
 769 
 765 
 770 
 773 
 
 784 
 780 
 787 
 763 
 *33 
 860 
 
 826 
 
 775 
 708 
 700 
 688' 
 735 
 
 706 
 739 
 729 
 767 
 
 93 '99 '95 '92 -90 -86 '78 '74 '68 '67 '68 '65 - 66 '66 -66 
 
 68 -70 -76 -80 -82 '83 '85 '88 '87 "89 '91 '90 '90 '89 -90 -81 -74 -68 -62 '66 -64 -64 -66 -70 
 74 -71 -76 "79 -80 '77 '82 -85 -90 '90 "89 '90 -92 -90 -86 -78 75 "67 -61 -56 -57 -67 -67 '67 
 69 -73 76 "80 -83 "84 -83 "83 -82 '84 '86 -86 -86 -85 -80 76 -69 70 -69 '69 -66 -67 -64 '66 
 68 76 -80 -83 '84 '84 -84 -86 -90 '88 -85 "87 -89 -97 -86 '81 76 -67 "56 -58 "58 "58 -63 '63 
 70 77 -82 -81 74 78 79 "82 -86 '86 -86 -88 -90 "86 -82 78 73 70 -64 -60 -68 '69 71 75 
 
 7f! -7Q -Ol -QQ -8J. -89 '81 -82 -81 
 
 _ -87 "92 -92 -92 -90 -84 78 74 -66 -61 "61 -63 -69 71 72 
 71 79 78 "88 "87 '84 -82 '83 -87 "88 '89 -89 '89 -91 -80 77 73 '68 -62 -60 -60 77 -61 70 
 71 74 -81 -88 -85 '83 -83 -83 "87 -86 -85 -87 -89 -89 -83 '82 75 -68 '62 '66 '65 -66 -81 "69 
 64 -69 74 -82 -84 "83 '84 '83 -87 -86 -84 -85 -86 -87 -82 "82 78 "67 -64 -56 "58 -61 '66 78 
 83 -90 '92 "92 -92 '91 '88 '85 -88 '89 -90 -88 -87 '83 -83 '83 -82 '82 -80 73 70 "68 '68 73 
 75 78 -80 "82 -84 "86 -87 '88 -88 "89 -90 -91 -92 -92 -85 '84 -82 -87 -86 '87 '87 "89 '89 "86 
 
 Kfi .OR .Qi -Q1 -Ql -Ql 'Qfi -QO '8Q - 
 
 -88 -86 -87 ' -89 '88 -82 77 73 77 71 -67 '65 -66 -80 -81 
 82 -83 -82 "84 -88 '88 '84 "84 -85 -85 -85 "85 '85 "83 '82. '84 ,78 -69 -69 -64 -63 '61 -55 -53 
 56 -67 -81 79 79 79 75 74 73 74 74 76 78 77 77 74 75 71 -65 "61 -56 '61 -62 -56 
 63 -69 -68 70 70 73 76 77 '80 '82 -83 -82 '82 -80 76 72 73 70 '59 -56 -52 -56 '54 -58 
 60 -61 -61 -61 70 75 75 76 '80 '81 -82 "83 -85 '85 78 77 -65 '62 -57 '55 "55 -57 -55 -54 
 67 73 77 77 -84 '82 -82 -85 '84 -85 -86 -87 -89 -86 -83 -80 73 -64 -57 -56 -54 -51 -50 -51 
 
 hA. .O -7G -77 -78 -SO -81 -Rfi -84, 
 
 -85 -85 -85 -86 78 74 71 -65 "62 -58 "51 -52 "51 -49 -47 
 70 73 74 73 74 73 79 '81 -85 -87 -88 -87 -87 -86 78 -80 73 -68 -65 -57 -52 "58 -63 -62 
 62 -66 -80 -81 '89 '89 -90 "91 -90 -89 -88 -89 -91 '83 72 '67 -65 -'62 -57 -54 -49 -47 -49 -50 
 61 -87 -87 -85 '91 '88 "92 -90 -87 '86 "85 -83 '81 -82 -81 79 73 -68 '61 "57 -59 "60 -58 -60 
 
 Means 1 0-69'J -750 '789 "811 "833 '834 -839 "848 -862 -870 '874 -876 -884 -871 '824 -789 -746 -706 -665 -639 -624 -643 -653 -661 
 
 0775 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 E- 1 9 
 
 02 .* 
 
 p 10 
 c2J 11 
 
 2! 12 
 
 1 13 
 i 14 
 
 p 15 
 p Ib 
 
 PLH 17 
 4 17 
 
 > 18 
 
 fe 19 
 20 
 
 * 21 
 
 2-2 
 
 S 2a 
 
 & 24 
 
 H M 
 
 r-i z - 
 
 2 
 
 27 
 26 
 2 
 3C 
 31 
 
 * * 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0-924 0-914 0-899 0'925 0'953 0'951 0'931 0'933 0'942 0'953 0'964 0'961 0'958 0'912 0'910 .0'909 0'917 0'917 0'870 0'859 0'859 0'937 0'961 0'955 
 
 935 -908 -894 '906 "922 "913 '926 -940 -961 '944 -927 '919 -911 '9*31 '929 "907 "906 -915 "899 -919 -889 -915 -993 1'034 
 992 -992 -961 "962 -974 '982 '976 -950 "901 '859 -816 '807 798 779 795 '836 -839 "859 '887 -892 -934 -919 "910 0-953 
 933 -941 -949 "951 "938 "930 -941 -931 "937 "931 -924 -927 -931 '926 "869 "839 -856 -853 "854 -880 -895 '881 "977 -953 
 937 '945 -953 '962 -971 '972 "948 -937 "937 '930 "923 -913 -903 '879 -893 "917 '921 -944 '888 -914 -968 I'WS roil -995 
 074 '984 '951 '957 '919 '931' '937 '90 '9d' 
 
 In. 
 0-926 
 927 
 899 
 914 
 941 
 
 918 
 876 
 892 
 863 
 885 
 862 
 
 861 
 850 
 867 
 853 
 855 
 866 
 
 861 
 850 
 815 
 805 
 807 
 857 
 
 883 
 
 855 
 835 
 830 
 
 '949 -973 '934 '895 '863 '890 '889 '904 '883 '874 -893 '904 '899 0-881 -fc67 
 874 '874 '849 '881 '886 "884 '892 -896 '880 '886 '891 '884 '877 '859 '882 '890 '884 '845 '861 -864 '867 '862 '880 -886 
 893 -843 "850 '864 "866 '848 '879 -904 "931 '918 '905 '900 '895 '881 "861 '881 '887 "880 '873 -856 -913 '971 '963 '937 
 941 '921 '903 '925 '951 '950 '929 '919 '894 '886 '877 '864 '851 '833 '833 '846 749 777 780 795 784 '821 '829 '865 
 898 '898 '899 '905 '907 -900 '908 -905 "917 '895 '872 '881 '891 '928 '879 '907 '890 '873 '802 '832 '820 '840 '890 '899 
 922 '947 '962 '931 '849 '851 "828 "839 '851 '847 '843 '838 '834 796 784 '810 '814 '832 '831 '814 '875 '912 '936 '934 
 
 Q97 -Q9Q 'Qll -Sfift -84,9 -819 -78Q -7Q7 -781 
 
 834 -886 '872 -859 '820 '823 '811 "853 '844 '845 '869 -890 "930 '958 -916 
 851 '876 '874 '881 '861 '837 '812 '816. '825 '828 '830 -827 '825 '836 '805 '848 '865 '851 '828 '838 '848 '933 '865 '937 
 908 '929 '943 '944 '828 '801 '821 -814 '853 '841 '828 '830 -833 "816 '821 '859 '855 '833 '846 '883 '902 '901 '990 '937 
 858 '845 '844 '883 "901 '898 '900 '877 '874 '859 -844 '853 '862 '868 '830 '819 '841 '823 -833 '801 -827 '854 '900 789 
 789 '884 -921 '909 '905 '891 "882 '880 '884 '886 -887 "871 '855 794 786 '800 '816 '836 '859 '843 '834 '824 '823 '869 
 873 '881 '873 '871 '874 '877 "879 '889 '884 '881 -878 '885 '893 -893 '847 '850 '826 '853 '829 -840 '835 '808 '854 '855 
 8^ -811 -8fi7 -8fi8 -Sfifi -8fi4 -S^l -84.8 -831 
 
 841 -851 -847 "844 -833 '811 '825 '837 '878 '870 '872 '839 '902 '943 '959 
 936 -939 '913 '918 '926 '944 '873 '850 '847 '840 '833 '833 '833 '816 -816 '842 '839 "818 '838 '825 '827 '810 747 735 
 762 -871 -926 '914 '883 '857 '832 '811 788 782 775 776 778 752 754 772 '813 '837 '830 '806 '801 '819 '833 794 
 825 -822 -809 797 799 '825 '829 '819 '833 '837 -840 '835 '830 '805 765 753 787 797 758 741 754 '829 797 '828 
 816 799 777 772 799 '813 "831 '821 "830 '826 '822 '830 -839 '842 778 '808 797 783 755 789 780 '868 '802 784 
 847 -867 '878 '878 '908 '894 '886 '894 '886 '888 -890 -887 '885 '843 '827 '859 '859 '829 780 '830 '820 '801 '807 '825 
 
 .ggo .ggo .gg7 .QQO -QQS '906 '90 '96 '901 * 
 
 _ -887 -873 '870 '868 797 750 769 729 741 760 720 779 790 789 759 
 911 '916 -870 '847 '850 '839 '847 '848 '848 '865 '882 -874 '866 '850 797 '859 '843 -835 '833 '812 '806 '822 -901 '889 
 860 -863 '943 '923 '940 '914 -919 '891 '911 '898 -884 '887 '891 '814 729 749 775 765 759 755 726 758 742 738 
 787 -944 '933 '880 '902 '889 '893 '876 '855 '846 -837 '826 '815 797 790 -800 796 -805 793 761 782 787 747 772 
 
 Means 1 0-886 "898 "898 '897 -895 "888 '884 '879 '878 '875 -872 '868 '864 '843 "824 -839 -841 -841 '831 '833 '843 '869 -879 ^76 1 0-867 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sate of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 51 
 
202 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gotti litre 11 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 Monthly 
 ileans 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. ra. h m. h. m b. lr>. h. m. h.in. h. in. h.m. h.m. L.m. IT. ID. h.m. h. m. L. m. li.m. h.m. h.m. li.ni. li.ni. h.m. h. m. h.m h. m. h. m 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.J1 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 Ib.-ll 1'J.ll 20.41 21.41 -22.il 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR SEPTEMBER 1859 
 
 OOCO^aOSCni^COtOI-JCCDCO^JOitna^lMroi-it-i-om^iCRCj. J^MIOI-I 
 
 0-68 0-76 0-78 0'80 0'84 0'84 0'88 0'88 0-91 0*88 0-84 0*84 0'84 0'89 0'78 0-78 0-70 0-67 0-59 0-52 0-50 0-47 0'43 0'55 
 76 -81 -84 -83 -84 -88 "87 -85 -82 -82 -81 -83 -85 '84 -78 -74 -66 -57 -55 -53 -48 -49 -45 -46 
 45 -70 '74 -77 '78 '84 '84 -91 -89 
 -84 -78 -79 -81 -82 -70 -63 -60 -57 -51 -49 -45 -44 -42 -55 
 66 -76 -78 -84 '86 -84 '83 -&8 -90 '91 "91 -89 -88 '84 -80 -73 -69 -62 -56 -51 -47 -47 -59 -62 
 66 '72 -77 -80 "82 -84 "84 -87 '89 '88 -87 -81 '75 -67 -73 -60 -55 -53 -49 -47 -45 -41 -55 -57 
 64 71 -75 -76 78 -81 '83 -84 -90 '87 -3 -82 -81 '82 -76 -65 '58 -55 -50 -47 -45 -42 -50 -57 
 69 -74 -76 -80 '80 '80 "82 -86 -89 -89 '88 -87 -87 "90 -88 -73 -60 -52 -51 -43 -48 -49 -49 -53 
 60 -70 -73 '75 '78 '81 '80 -80 '80 '81 '82 -84 -86 -89 '84 -68 '59 -52 -48 -45 -43 -48 '70 -69 
 
 KR -7^ -77 -7Q -89 -81 -H'^ -81 '85! - 
 
 0-735 
 723 
 
 680 
 743 
 689 
 693 
 718 
 702 
 
 806 
 803 
 770 
 813 
 819 
 781 
 
 763 
 756 
 809 
 796 
 785 
 801 
 
 836 
 865 
 919 
 925 
 885 
 865 
 
 86 -90 -91 -92 -93 -87 -83 '76 -74 -76 -74 -77 -78 '78 -76 
 78 -82 -82 -84 '87 -92 '92 -92 -90 '92 -94 -90 -87 -89 -85 -78 '74 -72 -65 -57 -53 -67 '71 '74 
 75 -77 '80 -82 -84 -86 '86 -89 -89 -90 -90 -87 -85 '85 -84 -79 -73 -68 -62 -62 -55 -53 '63 -65 
 82 -84 -83 -83 -78 '81 '83 -89 '89 '90 -91 -93 -95 -92 -89 -90 -80 -72 -67 -66 -64 -63 '74 -74 
 76 -83 -72 -83 -89 '87 '95 -98 -98 -96 '93 -91 -90 -89 -88 -87 '82 -73 -70 '65 -62 -57 '72 -69 
 73 -68 -84 -81 -84 -89 '86 -86 -92 -91 '90 -89 '88 -92 -89 -83 -71 '70 -69 -68 -59 -56 '58 -58 
 
 K^ -79 -79 -7A -aO 'ft*, -fifi -KK '8K - 
 
 -88 "87 -86 -86 -83 -82 -73 -73 -70 -65 -63 -68 -68 '65 -67 
 73 -75 -79 '79 -80 -79 -79 -82 -84 -85 -86 -86 -87 -83 -81 -78 -76 "73 -66 -64 -57 -58 "54 -71 
 78 -82 -85 -85 -88 -87 -90 -90 -88 -89 '90 -89 "89 -90 -88 -79 -73 -70 '70 '73 -69 -68 '66 -66 
 71 -75 -78 -80 -83 -86 '87 -88 -92 -93 -94 -93 -93 -94 -90 -80 74 74 -65 -62 -63 -64 '63 -68 
 68 71 77 78 -82 -80 -86 . -88 -88 -89 '89 -89 -89 -91 -87 77 73 74 70 -68 -67 -68 '67 -69 
 71 75 77 79 -81 "82 '81 -81 -83 -89 -94 -94 -95 -96 '91 -86 79 74 74 -68 70 -66 -67 -69 
 7c -70 -co .so .09 .07 -pa -as -aa . 
 
 -92 -95 -96 -97 -94 -91 -94 -90 78 73 74 76 72 -65 -69 
 71 70 72 79 -82 -87 -89 -90 -94 -94 -94 -91 -89 -91 -93 -89 -86 "86 -88 "93 -90 '86 -91 -82 
 82 -85 -86 -91 '93 -94 '93 -93 -93 "95 -96 -96 -97 -95 -93 -95 -94 -95 -94 -93 -91 '89 "87 -85 
 87 -89 -92 -91 -95 -94 -93 '94 -95 "95 '95 -97 -99 -98 -97 -98 "94 -93 '92 '91 -87 '84 -86 -85 
 88 -91 -92 -92 -95 -96 '95 "95 -95 -95 '95 '95 -96 -96 -93 -86 "82 77 -80 77 77 79 79 79 
 79 -83 -86 -88 -92 -91 '90 "90 '87 -91 -94 -93 -93 95 -95 -90 '91 '88 -85 78 75 72 74 76 
 
 Means 0719 '771 -797 '817 "842 -858 "867 -880 -890 '896 -897 -890 -890 "890 -858 "800 -745 '706 -673 -647 -627 -621 -651 -675|0-?88 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 " 6 
 
 7 
 W o 
 
 * 
 
 W 10 
 H n 
 
 W 12 
 P 13 
 
 E It 
 
 p 15 
 16 
 
 % U 
 $ 18 
 
 ft 19 
 20 
 
 !z 21 
 S 22 
 5 23 
 fc 24 
 g 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 # * 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In, In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0'809 0-849 0-857 0'885 0'906 0'902 0'887 0'883 0'891 0'854 0'817 0'810 0'803 0'848 0'7C7 0'820 0799 0786 0781 0729 0747 0727 0'678 0744 
 
 969 -980 -968 '961 '956 '911 '886 -845 -824 "817 : 809 '814 -819 -810 -799 '808 799 -751 768 757 745 -768 -728 742 
 731 -Q3Q -Q34. -Q^2 -Q4.7 -Pfi8 -QK4, -8fi4, -R^ft . 
 
 In. 
 0-816 
 835 
 
 814 
 852 
 834 
 841 
 843 
 -.847 
 
 935 
 916 
 
 895 
 837 
 860 
 873 
 
 882 
 860 
 924 
 878 
 877 
 903 
 
 911 
 
 879 
 852 
 845 
 839 
 883 
 
 -824 -810 -807 -805 -812 727 706 -733 -747 728 726 740 -728 -70S -786 
 840 -902 -890 -927 -920 '878 '868 "913 "919 -920 "921 -901 '882 -842 -806 -780 -795 -797 '801 -770 758 '743 -847 -832 
 857 -880 -914 -924 -932 -931 '939 -958 '971 '952 -933 '864 796 -710 775 716 -716 710 713 727 715 724 -824 -832 
 852 -885 -893 -893 -910 '926 '929 -939 -960 -915 -869 -849 '829 -833 -819 771 760 756 -746 726 -733 720 -808 "865 
 900 -914 -913 -871 -867 '897 '879 -914 -937 '928 -919 -903 '888 -911 -911 -865 772 724 719 '678 708 717 742 -751 
 792 -856 -866 '877 -891 '916 '895 -889 '876 -875 -873 -884 '896 -921 -895 '840 -781 '752 717 714 -691 739 -971 -923 
 
 8fiQ 'SQ7 -01 Q .Q9O -Q9Q -Q99 'Q9Q -8QQ -QfiA. 
 
 -890 -916 -928 -940 -956 '931 -960 -947 -931 -969 -970 I'OOi roio -973 -9G9 
 957 -953 -932 -937 -940 '961 '954 -937 -938 '947 "955 -900 -846 '855 -833 '839 -869 -923 -902 -842 0-856 0-936 -979 -988 
 954 -937 -937 '941 -933 '936 "929 '929 -929 -926 -923 -871 '819 -816 "817 -828 -837 -847 "853 -884 -852 -875 -976 -929 
 817 781 -827 -821 -799 '814 '786 '803 -803 -814 -824 -815 '807 -813 779 -801 -830 '861 '829 -869 -894 -919 roie -955 
 948 -958 753 764 -767 '813 '875 '894 -903 -879 '855 -831 '807 777 -807 -848 -856 -843 -884 -898 -884 -863 0-991 -938 
 722 736 -908 '875 -902 '929 '911 "906 -901 -893 '884 -876 -868 -893 "885 -898 -846 -876 -912 -923 -871 -855 -856 -831 
 859 -880 -fifiS. WS -88Q -Q1Q -Q11 -QOfi -Q11 
 
 -889 '866 -853 '841 -815 '830 '816 -859 -884 "896 -891 -939 '939 -915 -904 
 917 -884 -911 -891 -892 '872 -862 '883 -870 '856 '841 -822 -803 757 762 -796 "875 -895 "850 -883 -871 '881 -844 -921 
 961 -963 -955 -943 -967 '955 -947 '942 -911 -923 '934 -927 -921 -892 -911 -871 '895 -907 -928 -958 -912 '907 -882 -867 
 873 -873 -868 -865 -899 '890 "880 '883 -901 -898 "895 -882 '869 -864 -872 '889 -897 -897 '879 -846 -858 "872 '843 -875 
 845 -844 -854 -853 -888 '861 '876 '890 -883 -878 '872 -866 -861 -864 -871 -856 '865 '897 -915 -907 -899 -907 -902 -892 
 907 -873 -880 -883 -899 '879 '877 '862 -868 -899 '930 -927 -925 '927 -914 -921 '918 "922 -929 -907 -915 -906 -905 -900 
 
 Q1Q -Q1A .Q1Q -CQ/l -Ofl 6 ; -QHQ -ftQK -887 -QQA. 
 
 -939 '993 -980 -967 -912 -908 -899 '902 -917 -921 "898 -938 -889 -823 -847 
 854 -826 -825 -851 -864 '894 -906 '895 -921 -907 '892 -867 -842 -864 -904 -886 -899 -894 '896 -869 -868 -854 -946 -873 
 894 -876 -873 "888 -890 '883 -875 'fc62 -855 -859 '862 -863 '864 -847 -827 -846 -845 '847 792 793 -809 -830 -830 -844 
 840 -848 -861 '859 -875 '858 -847 '851 '847 -847 '847 '862 -878 -852 -843 -839 -818 -814 '826 '836 -825 -823 '848 '827 
 825 -814 -831 -824 -820 '822 '820 -820 -825 -821 '817 -809 -801 -808 '810 -823 -824 '848 '918 -911 -900 -887 -884 -884 
 856 -841 -851 "863 -875 '870 '862 -853 -826 '843 "859 -853 '847 "847 -852 -862 -891 -917 -965 -950 -948 -943 '982 -934 
 
 Means 0-868 -881 "885 -886 -895 -897 '892 -889 -887 "884 -881 "868 -855 -848 -841 -838 -840 -844 -848 -841 -841 -845 -873 '871 1 0-867 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sate of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 203 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THK AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 * 
 
 Gottintjeu 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 45 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Dailyanc 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. Ii. m. li.m. h. m. b. m. h. in. li. in. li. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.ra. h.m h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 5.41 0.41 7.41 8.41 8.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 S 6 
 
 GO 
 
 -| 7 
 tf 8 
 W 9 
 10 
 
 Q U 
 12 
 
 1 13 
 U 
 
 q is 
 
 1? 
 
 I-H I/ 
 
 H 18 
 p, 19 
 20 
 H 21 
 EH 22 
 S 23 
 24 
 B 25 
 W 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 * * 
 
 n-p", n. rii n.ryi /-..r.0 (-)_<)> n.or) OS9 0-80 0-80 
 
 0-813 
 
 778 
 822 
 845 
 820 
 760 
 
 798 
 793 
 780 
 810 
 824 
 827 
 
 815 
 795 
 770 
 
 782 
 786 
 778 
 
 759 
 746 
 740 
 671 
 757 
 902 
 
 908 
 920 
 
 -89 -89 -90 -91 -85 -80 -80 -78 '71 -71 "64 -64 -60 -62 -65 
 65 79 -80 -83 "82 -84 -84 "84 '86 -87 -88 -89 -90 -87 -83 76 75 70 '66 "62 -65 -58 71 74 
 77 -81 -89 -89 "86 '90 -91 '91 -92 -93 -94 -93 -92 -94 -86 -83 77 74 72 -68 -65 -63 -61 72 
 78 -86 -89 -88 '92 -90 '90 '92 -93 -94 -95 -95 -96 -98 -93 -91 78 73 74 71 -65 -66 -65 77 
 81 -83 -87 89 '91 '92 -91 -92 -92 '94 -95 -94 -93 -92 -87 '84 77 73 -69 -67 -65 -60 '58 '63 
 72 79 -84 -86 '87 -86 '85 '87 -90 '91 '91 -89 "88 -86 '81 75 -69 -65 -60 -56 -57 -52 -53 -56 
 
 rt'-i -7 .fiO -87 '8Q 'QO -Ql -Ql -89 
 
 86 -90 -87 -85 -86 -86 '80 -80 77 -66 -62 -61 -58 78 -82 
 80 -80 -84 79 '80 '87 '88 -89 -89 '89 '89 -92 -96 -92 -89 '81 74 70 -64 -56 -56 -57 75 -67 
 72 74 -80 -83 "84 -84 -89 -90 -91 -92 -92 -91 '91 -93 "90 '83 77 74' -65 -60 -54 -49 -55 -59 
 65 75 -81 -85 '87 '87 '87 '87 '89 "91 -92 -93 '95 -91 -90 "87 79 72 -68 -63 -62 -65 -69 -85 
 81 -84 -87 -87 '87 '89 -88 '89 -88 "90 '91 -92 "94 -91 '87 -95 -83 76 75 -68 -68 -63 -62 '62 
 68 -80 -81 -87 '90 '91 -91 '93 -95 -92 -89 -88 "88 -90 '86 -83 78 73 -67 -64 71 72 '92 75 
 80 -8 1 ! -88 -8fi -88 '90 -88 '87 -89 
 
 92 -94 -94 -95 -96 -95 -84 78 73 -65 -62 -63 -62 -63 -59 
 64 71 77 '84 '91 '94 -94 "87 -90 -92 -93 -94 -95 -97 -97 -84 77 71 -64 -6> "55 -58 -57. -63 
 67 -69 77 '80 '87 '91 -91 "92 -93 -94 -94 -93 -92 -94 '91 79 75 -67 -60 -54 -56 -49 -51 -52 
 56 -57 -61 -66 76 '85 '87 -89 -89 '92 -94 -93 "93 -94 -89 -85 -86 78 76 73 -69 -63 -62 -65 
 71 -68 78 -81 "82 "84 -87 '88 '89 '90 -91 -92 -94 -93 '90 "83 77 -69 -65 -62 -62 -58 -66 -66 
 68 73 78 "80 "82 '86 "89 -90 '93 "92 -91 -93 '95 -95 "90 -84 74 -69 -54 -56 -59 -59 -60 -57 
 66 72 74 76 76 '80 '85 '83 "87 
 
 -90-93 -92 -91 -93 -89 -81 -73 -61 -59 -65 -62 -57 -58 -59 
 61 -67 -69 -72 '74 -77 -81 '83 -90 -91 '92 -91 '91 -90 '89 '81 70 -66 -61 '63 -60 -53 -57 -62 
 64 -66 -68 71 '76 -81 -88 '91 -96 -94 -91 -91 -91 '87 '83 75 70 -62 -58 -55 -54 -55 -55 -55 
 60 -62 '62 -63 "63 -67 -69 "69 71 74 77 79 -81 -83 '84 -83 72 -65 -55 -52 -50 "53 -57 -59 
 62 -62 -63 -62 "63 -68 -69 74 74 77 -80 -81 -83 -80 -92 -92 -84 73 75 77 78 76 -87 -84 
 88 -91 -91 -93 -95 -91 -91 -92 -95 -97 -98 '97 -96 -96 -94 -91 -88 -82 -80 -84 -84 -82 -83 -86 
 85 '83 '87 '90 '91 '91 '93 '93 '94 
 
 _____ _ _ _ _ -95 -96 -96 -96 -95 -97 '92 -93 "91 -91 -84 -94 -87 -80 -86 
 88 "94 -91 -94 -94 -91 -89 '89 '89 -92 -95 '95 -95 -95 "94 -87 -89 -89 -91 '89 -94 -96 "94 -95 
 
 Means 
 
 0718 765 -800 -821 -842 -860 -871 "877 -890 '904 -913 -913 -918 "913 -889 '838 781 725 -681 -653 -651 -627 -666 -687 | 0-800 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 S 6 
 
 2 8 
 
 W 9 
 10 
 O n 
 
 EH ll 
 
 o 12 
 13 
 
 e 1- 
 
 p 15 
 10 
 
 % 17 
 S 18 
 
 ft, 19 
 20 
 
 fe 21 
 22 
 
 S 23 
 fc 24 
 g 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 * # 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 O'OSo 0-940 0'923 0'897 0'89G 0'847 0'830 - 82" 0'815 
 
 In. 
 
 0-853 
 882 
 879 
 912 
 881 
 867 
 
 868 
 822 
 835 
 861 
 851 
 856 
 
 876 
 843 
 806 
 824 
 826 
 820 
 
 770 
 730 
 729 
 709 
 784 
 820 
 
 831 
 
 827 
 
 . . 0-834 0-852 0'847 0-842 0782 0752 0782 0-837 0-857 0'892 0'840 0'856 0'823 0'863 0'870 
 854 -915 -921 "930 '918 -915 -900 -902 -890 -873 '856 -845 '834 -803 '821 -820 '857 -876 -852 -855 '925 -884 -948 '969 
 940 -937 -862 -872 '852 -862 -864 -872 -879 -883 '887 -880 '873 -901 '847 -863 '858 "886 -891 "883 "864 '865 "875 "891 
 940 -948 "957 -939 -924 -895 -890 -894 -884 -890 -&96 -900 "904 '924 '890 "891 -881 -889 -904 -920 '870 -931 '927 "999 
 988 -825 -883 '952 -951 -924 -891 -894 -894 -885 "875 -858 '841 '840 '832 "856 "880 '865 "875 "885 '870 -875 -853 "853 
 915 -958 "963 "967 '972 -942 -924 -915 -907 -899 '891 -873 -856 "823 :807 "801 788 794 795 794 "831 782 797 "822 
 8 F ,Q -CI31 -Q^? -972 '968 Q'iS -039 -9SO -818 
 
 840 "862 -827 792 790 '823 "833 "859 -878 "854 '811 "820 -834 770 "921 
 891 -859 "870 '815 "810 -853 '857 -853 -836 -824 '811 '826 '842 -817 -816 "811 799 798 775 729 772 788 -854 '822 
 849 -850 '867 '868 '870 -870 '903 -887 -885 -877 '868 -852 "836 -827 -834 "840 "849 '869 '819 772 740 700 739 776 
 808 -874 "917 "898 '874 -853 -855 -825 -830 -841 -851 -863 "875 "844 "863 "886 '911 -877 -868 "847 -855 -872 -875 "814 
 807 -843 "886 "880 "872 "885 -878 -872 -856 -860 '864 -913 "962 "830 '805 '853 786 791 -858 '853 "871 -816 788 789 
 831 -886 '868 "880 "890 "877 "864 -870 "869 -845 "820 -813 '807 '807 '810 "819 "829 '866 -860 '849 '975 -967 -870 761 
 8--!ft '873 -994. -894 '882 -881 -842 '825 -83S - 
 
 - ,-873 '912 -901 -891 '883 -902 '904 '905 '926 -858 "861 "884 -880 -869 788 
 823 -844 '877 '878 '924 -912 '898 -861 "856 -835 "814 -817 "820 "829 -892 "856 '856 -864 -833 797 750 -808 783 '812 
 828 -801 -829 -853 '859 '864 "864 -853 "838 -842 '845 -828 "812 792 -816 '824 "828 "804 766 730 766 708 703 '693 
 690 -681 -691 725 770 "805 "827 -830 '819 -816 '813 -807 -801 '810 788 '852 "952 -944 1-007 -986 '927 -812 -798 '833 
 877 -806 -846 -845 '839 -834 '825 -821 -806 -80S "810 -809 -809 '777 -807 '832 '838 '850 0-858 -824 -839 -791 '840 '825 
 811 -811 -831 -825 '815 '823 '833 -828 '835 -839 -842 -860 '878 '875 '839 "866 '860 -849 -695 736 790 798 782 756 
 781 '801 '801 797 798 '803 '819 '805 798 
 
 782 765 737 710 727 746 794 790 725 734 -822 799 745 703 711 
 715 722 725 733 732 754 767 767 780 762 744 730 717 "686 725 754 720 738 702 744 718 -654 -697 726 
 711 704 708 721 738 762 795 -811 "822 -802 782 782 782 750 712 716 740 "695 -675 -674 -659 -671 -650 -637 
 659 -675 -675 -674 -674 708 715 715 723 754 785 769 754 760 784 786 755 744 -673 -641 -623 -640 '656 '663 
 680 -669 -678 -672 '678 713 715 756 756 783 '810 -821 -832 783 -842 '818 '842 "843 '828 "848 -831 -840 -877 '899 
 857 -869 -841 -841 "846 "809 '811 '806 "820 '824 -828 '807 786 786 793 790 799 '806 -824 -838 -836 -817 -809 -840 
 832 789 799 799 788 782 788 786 790 __________ 
 806 -821 -817 -813 788 -815 -820 "841 -864 -885 -906 -892 "927 -899 '902 
 887 -864 -820 '817 '809 790 777 787 776 798 -819 -822 -825 -820 '845 -855 -914 -844 -836 -811 -844 -849 -823 -825 
 
 Means 1 0'83i -834 -843 "844 -844 -843 '841 -838 "831 -834 -835 '831 -827 -810 -816 -828 -837 -836 -824 '818 -823 -811 '810 "815 
 
 0-829 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily meant. 
 
204 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY OP THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1C 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily ant 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h m 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 18.41 20.41 21.41 22.il 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 341 ' 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 ! 
 
 >o 5 
 2 6 
 
 03 7 
 
 S 
 S 9 
 H 10 
 11 
 
 g ;; 
 i 13 
 
 A 14 
 
 q 15 
 
 16 
 
 w 17 
 w 17 
 
 EH 18 
 
 Bu 19 
 
 20 
 
 tH 21 
 
 H 22 
 S 23 
 
 a 24 
 
 6 25 
 W 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 0-96 0-96 0-97 096 0'97 0'93 0'95 0'97 0-97 0*97 96 0*96 097 0'96 0-94 0'9i 0'86 0-89 0-85 079 076 072 070 072 
 71 -75 -81 -82 -81 "87 -90 -89 -95 -93 "91 -92 -93 -89 -83 '81 -75 74 74 70 -68 -67 -67 -68 
 69 71 73 73 73 75 -84 -88 -87 '90 '92 -92 -92 -91 -91 -86 78 78 79 76 70 75 71 72 
 73 74 75 74 76 78 77 78 78 '84 -90 -91 '93 -93 -92 '89 72 '69 71 -68 74 71 -66 70 
 '69 7 71 7 73 76 76 76 
 
 0-900 
 807 
 802 
 782 
 
 723 
 779 
 863 
 
 797 
 858 
 861 
 
 882 
 800 
 851 
 918 
 921 
 894 
 
 840 
 921 
 931 
 922 
 927 
 911 
 
 941 
 904 
 906 
 909 
 
 73 73 73 73 76 -90 -86 77 -67 70 -66 -64 -64 -63 -66 -69 
 71 74 74 74 76 78 76 78 -82 -81 '80 '88 -86 '83 -82 77 72 73 71 71 75 -81 -83 -83 
 87 "90 '87 -87 '93 '93 -93 -96 -91 -89 "92 -95 "96 -98 -93 '83 '80 77 77 77 75 75 72 75 
 75 78 78 79 -80 -80 79 -80 -81 "81 '83 "86 "87 -88 -86 78 77 -83 74 72 76 76 76 79 
 79 -85 '82 -85 -84 -82 -83 -86 -93 -95 -96 "96 '97 '97 -93 '89 '86 -82 77 77 76 78 -82 '80 
 82 -85 -85 -86 -96 '93 -91 -91 -87 -89 -87 -88 -87 -87 -83 '81 -85 -80 77 78 -89 -85 -85 -90 
 89 '87 '87 '37 '85 '85 '83 '88 
 
 -98-94 -98 1-00 -95 -97 -96 -90 -86 '86 -88 '82 '81 '78 '82 -74 
 78 '81 -81 '82 -81 '81 -82 -82 -86 -85 -85 0'90 -90 -91 -90 77 -73 -72 -83 '73 -71 -69 -69 -69 
 73 76 76 -77 -78 -79 -81 '88 -90 '95 -92 -91 -91 -94 -92 '90 -85 "84 -88 "87 -83 -81 -85 -86 
 85 -83 -86 -88 -85 -86 -91 "91 -96 '94 '96 '97 -96 -96 -88 -89 -89 -91 -95 -95 -96 -98 -96 -96 
 97 -95 '96 -96 '96 '94 -91 -86 -95 '91 -93 '96 -97 -99 -93 '88 -87 -86 -88 -87 -90 '92 -87 -91 
 92 -93 '96 -95 -89 '91 -93 "96 -92 '91 "93 '91 -89 -89 -87 '84 -86 -84 -88 '82 -87 "85 '87 -86 
 8Q '87 -84 S'i -S*! -87 -87 -87 
 
 -91-91 -88 -87 -93 -94 -92 79 -80 76 -75 74 -74 -75 -78 -78 
 84 -87 -88 -92 '93 -92 -93 '94 -95 -92 -92 -94 '95 '95 -86 -92 '88 -88 '93 -96 -96 -97 -93 '96 
 94 -95 -95 -95 -94 '96 '95 '95 '95 '96 '95 -95 -94 -95 -94 '91 -91 '88 "80 . '95 -91 -87 -91 -97 
 95 -96 -96 -96 -97 '96 -95 -96 -97 '99 "97 , -94 -95 -97 -95 -91 -87 '85 -84 -86 -85 -87 '83 -83 
 87 -90 -92 -93 '90 -92 -95 -95 "96 -99 -96 -98 -97 -97 -95 -96 -96 -93 -91 "89 '90 '89 -84 -86 
 87 -87 -87 -87 -91 -91 -94 -94 -93 -93 -93 -94 -92 -91 -91 -89 -88 -87 '87 -91 -94 -95 -95 -96 
 96 -96 -96 -96 -95 -94 -96 -98 _______ __ 
 -96 -97 -97 -94 -95 -97 -93 -93 '92 -93 -92 -93 -93 '88 -89 -90 
 91 -92 -94 -95 -95 -93 -95 -95 -98 -97 '98 '93 -94 -96 -91 '87 -87 '89 '84 -83 -81 -81 "81 -80 
 85 -92 -93 -95 -96 -96 -96 -97 -96 -97 -99 -99 '96 -97 -96 '87 '87 -82 -80 -74 .82 -77 -86 -89 
 87 '92 '92 -93 '96 -96 '94 -92 -97 -97 '98 TOO '99 -96 -94 -89 -83 "84 -81 -80 -84 -87 "86 -84 
 
 Means 1 0'839 '857 '862 -869 '875 -878 -887 '897 -913 '915 -919 "927 "928 "936 -906 "863 "832 "824 '818 -807 -816 -811 -812 -823 
 
 0-867 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 O5 5 
 "5 c 
 00 O 
 
 7 
 
 i s 
 
 W o 
 pq 9 
 
 s 10 
 
 11 
 > 12 
 g 13 
 
 1 14 
 
 03 15 
 
 16 
 
 g 17 
 <J 18 
 > 19 
 ^ 20 
 21 
 fc 22 
 2 23 
 g 24 
 | 25 
 EH 26 
 27 
 28 
 28 
 30 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0-820 0-822 fl'827 0'82() 0'82G 0798 O'SOG O'SOO 0799 O'SOO O'SOO 0'807 0'815 O'SOO 0793 0782 0759 0'830 0'839 0'828 0797 0755 0743 0750 
 725 732 752 -759 745 771 770 756 -771 764 756 751 747 701 -673 '696 718 761 -778 765 741 -728 -713 707 
 692 703 704 -704 -706 -716 -740 -760 -750 758 765 767 769 748 761 768 763 778 '800 793 725 762 718 -724 
 719 719 726 716 726 745 734 736 729 '753 '776 '769 -763 754 766 798 748 717 '751 713 797 -751 "711 -743 
 706 716 713 -710 717 -738 -730 77 
 
 In. 
 
 0-801 
 741 
 745 
 744 
 
 717 
 
 801 
 855 
 820 
 852 
 838 
 
 844 
 789 
 780 
 839 
 844 
 864 
 
 785 
 695 
 775 
 833 
 827 
 796 
 
 806 
 833 
 865 
 884 
 
 -686 '690 -680 "679 704 "752 702 741 713 -757 -731 '704 717 709 733 742 
 745 750 758 761 764 777 764 -786 -811 798 783 "851 '840 '821 -784 795 '807 -814 -831 -836 -867 -852 '811 -817 
 856 -868 -832 -821 "827 -842 '836 '847 -842 -847 '860 '834 '841 "870 -856 '846 '865 -880 -897 -887 -902 -885 '838 -833 
 822 -819 -814 -818 -802 -802 -799 "792 -807 -801 '820 '823 '803 '807 '816 -811 '825 -8*3 '813 -806 '840 -846 "853 -860 
 834 -862 -838 -848 -836 -826 -819 '823 -869 '859 '871 '847 '843 '843 -828 '849 '870 -889 -848 '848 '881 -874 '886 -859 
 861 -842 -842 -846 -862 -831 -816 -810 786 '830 '832 '834 '832 "826 '808 '821 "857 -883 -842 -827 '870 -861 '816 -884 
 87*} -86! S'iS -Rtt -83fi -8^4, -81 fi -814, 
 
 -839 -793 '825 "831 '795 '802 -815 '828 '843 -890 -913 -903 '871 -884 "888 -784 
 814 -805 -809 -810 "805 794 -806 798 -824 -816 '809 '807 787 790 "808 765 760 -760 -786 780 -769 -760 755 724 
 730 734 737 736 746 761 -766 '787 -794 -812 "791 '761 '761 769 771 780 794 -823 -828 '819 '760 788 '824 -852 
 837 -815 -827 -826 '805 -795 -809 '816 -855 -844 '860 '843 '820 '849 '829 "838 '859 '870 -880 -880 -890 -872 '802 -827 
 821 -811 -821 -812 '806 793 782 774 '868 -842 '831 '820 '824 '853 -849 '856 "875 -878 "889 -909 -910 -909 '859 -870 
 873 -853 -864 -860 '847 -855 -864 "875 '894 '885 '879 '841 '833 '819 '825 '843 '851 '876 -833 '885 '895 -883 '916 -896 
 
 84.1 '848 BQ'i -81 Q -81 Q -894 -89^ -89A 
 
 780 780 757 730 760 770 775 751 798 772 762 753 741 749 773 754 
 771 779 783 793 -801 793 794 777 777 '695 '629 '615 -618 '660 -592 '628 '603 -618 -626 '637 '643 '673 '668 710 
 702 703 703 707 713 725 713 710 717 718 718 707 715 721 724 761 '809 -878 -867 '902 '912 -925 '917 -924 
 883 -870 -825 -813 -843 '820 -814 '827 "835 '851 '835 793 785 789 794 "809 '849 -847 "832 '873 -861 '869 '854 -825 
 836 -838 -834 -836 796 '813 -818 "818 '825 '856 '829 '839 "828 '815 794 '813 '820 -819 -836 "838 '856 -859 '808 -817 
 819 '804 799 -800 -825 "810 -817 "814 "814 -800 -801 793 767 759 770 772 786 798 771 783 792 794 798 -820 
 
 S9O -89O '89f> -891 -81Q -8HQ -eflQ '89H 
 
 798 799 -803 785 776 796 770 790 797 785 -800 -810 -828 -826 '825 -837 
 830 -817 '817 -818 -819 -809 '812 "811 "830 "824 -820 790 789 798 780 -800 -840 -899 '870 -868 -886 -901 '896 -866 
 879 '892 -880 -883 '872 -847 -847 -846 '849 '860 '873 '863 "820 "824 -820 "825 '859 -877 -889 -890 -932 -907 '908 -830 
 802 -850 -868 -883 -890 -892 -880 -867 '896 -884 -894 -886 -853 "827 -830 -847 -868 -902 -924 '920 -934 '947 "945 -938 
 
 Means 0-804 -805 -803 -803 '802 -801 -799 -801 -809 -806 -804 -795 -788 791 -782 -793 -805 -826 -824 -825 -831 -830 -818 -815|0'807 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 205 
 
 HUMIDITY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 AIR 
 
 AND TENSION OP THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR. 
 
 Gottingren 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 10 11 12 13 14* 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. 
 4.41 
 
 b. m. 
 5.11 
 
 h. m. 
 6.41 
 
 h. in. 
 7.41 
 
 h. m. 
 8.41 
 
 h. m 
 
 h. m. 
 10.41 
 
 h. m. h. m 
 11.41 12.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 W.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 6 
 7 
 03 8 
 W 9 
 
 2 10 
 1 11 
 
 O 12 
 
 Q 13 
 
 Jj 15 
 3 16 
 
 Fl * 
 
 18 
 H 19 
 &H 20 
 21 
 >H 22 
 H 23 
 P 24 
 3 25 
 p 26 
 K 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 87 
 67 
 73 
 
 73 
 81 
 80 
 80 
 80 
 81 
 
 78 
 72 
 73 
 68 
 67 
 67 
 
 71 
 69 
 69 
 67 
 
 67 
 60 
 
 74 
 69 
 67 
 62 
 64 
 
 92 
 78 
 
 78 
 
 85 
 86 
 
 87 
 83 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 S3 
 75 
 75 
 72 
 71 
 70 
 
 74 
 74 
 71 
 70 
 69 
 63 
 
 79 
 
 75 
 70 
 67 
 68 
 
 94 
 80 
 82 
 
 89 
 87 
 90 
 84 
 83 
 83 
 
 82 
 78 
 77 
 74 
 72 
 70 
 
 74 
 76 
 72 
 72 
 73 
 64 
 
 77 
 76 
 77 
 68 
 70 
 
 94 
 86 
 
 85 
 
 91 
 91 
 92 
 
 84 
 85 
 83 
 
 83 
 83 
 78 
 73 
 73 
 70 
 
 75 
 83 
 73 
 71 
 73 
 64 
 
 77 
 78 
 73 
 69 
 70 
 
 96 
 
 82 
 86 
 
 95 
 96 
 91 
 86 
 86 
 87 
 
 83 
 88 
 76 
 75 
 73 
 71 
 
 75 
 89 
 75 
 76 
 74 
 64 
 
 80 
 84 
 72 
 69 
 
 68 
 
 95 
 86 
 
 87 
 
 96 
 96 
 91 
 
 87 
 88 
 89 
 
 83 
 
 89 
 81 
 76 
 75 
 75 
 
 82 
 89 
 77 
 76 
 73 
 66 
 
 82 
 86 
 75 
 75 
 70 
 
 96 
 91 
 
 87 
 
 95 
 93 
 90 
 
 87 
 88 
 
 87 
 
 85 
 91 
 
 83 
 
 79 
 75 
 
 78 
 
 86 
 89 
 76 
 77 
 75 
 69 
 
 82 
 90 
 79 
 72 
 75 
 
 95 
 90 
 
 89 
 
 93 
 94 
 93 
 
 87 
 87 
 87 
 
 88 
 91 
 84 
 78 
 75 
 78 
 
 89 
 89 
 76 
 
 78 
 74 
 69 
 
 81 
 90 
 80 
 74 
 78 
 
 99 
 
 1)0 
 
 98 '98 -92 -94 '92 '95 -85 -86 -85 78 75 -82 73 -67 70 
 88 -93 -95 -95 : 93 '82 79 75 73 77 -80 '68 -63 -63 -64 
 
 0-883 
 808 
 
 789 
 868 
 878 
 865 
 859 
 851 
 
 844 
 814 
 820 
 788 
 722 
 721 
 
 771 
 
 792 
 821 
 788 
 756 
 704 
 
 732 
 803 
 791 
 698 
 739 
 741 
 
 96 
 95 
 95 
 
 95 
 91 
 
 89 
 
 95 -95 -95 -96 '92 '81 71 -65 -63 '62 -59 '61 -61 -64 71 
 95 -95 -95 -95 '95 '93 '91 '86 -83 78 73 70 -66 78 79 
 97 -97 -94 -97 '97 -95 '91 '86 -80 78 .75 73 76 75 77 
 96 95 -94 -94 '96 -93 '91 '86 77 74 72 72 73 75 78 
 93 '96 -96 -95 '96 -93 "92 '89 "82 75 76 77 78 77 77 
 91 -95 -96 -98 '97 '95 -87 '84 78 73 76 73 74 79 77 
 
 97 
 91 
 93 
 89 
 76 
 77 
 
 94 -94 -94 -96 '95 -94 '87 78 75 75 74 72 72 73 76 
 84 -86 '91 -95 '95 -91 -91 "85 72 '69 -69 '69 -68 '64 -69 
 93 '94 '95 -95 -93 -93 -89 78 71 '68 '67 '66 '66 70 70 
 94 -92 '94 -95 '95 -91 77 73 70 "66 -64 '62 -68 '67 "66 
 78 73 76 75 .76 -85 76 -68 '67 '64 -63 '63 -65 '66 '67 
 78 78 78 79 78 -80 75 71 '66 '65 "64 '64 '65 '66 '65 
 
 90 
 89 
 93 
 76 
 83 
 74 
 
 88 -86 -90 -91 -91 -89 '87 '80 70 '67 '65 "69 -69 70 70 
 91 -91 -93 -95 -94 -93 '86 -84 '68 '65 -63 '66 '65 '66 '66 
 91 -92 '93 -93 -94 -95 '87 '83 77 72 72 '67 -65 '68 70 
 83 -88 '91 -92 -93 -92 -92 '85 "84 '82 73 '67 -65 -67 '66 
 86 -88 "90 -92 -91 -91 "84 -67 '67 '66 -66 '63 -65 -67 '61 
 77 79 73 73 79 77 '86 -69 -62 '61 '58 '63 -62 "56 -63 
 
 85 
 84 
 87 
 72 
 83 
 83 
 
 87 '86 -85 -84 -82 79 77 75 73 72 70 -69 70 72 72 
 89 '91 -91 -93 -93 -91 '91 '81 .77 74 70 '64 -66 '68 71 
 88 '89 -93 -92 -94 -90 '86 '80 74 '66 "62 '62 -63 '62 '63 
 71 73 -82 .84 70 73 '67 -66 -64 '60 -63 "61 -59 '59 -59 
 86 -88 -88 -86 -90 -90 '83 -80 73 '66 -63 '59 -60 '61 '61 
 87 -88 -90 -92 -90 '89 '86 74 -68 -64 -64 '65 -60 '57 '58 
 
 Means 
 
 0718 
 
 762 
 
 778 
 
 791 
 
 807 
 
 825 
 
 837 
 
 841 
 
 874 
 
 884 -892 -902 '910 '904 -888 '844 782 730 .699 '683 -672 -668 "676 -687 1 0794 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 
 3 6 
 
 co 7 
 
 ? 
 
 W 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 ll 
 
 12 
 
 W 13 
 14 
 
 d 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 % 18 
 5 19 
 
 , 20 
 21 
 
 23 
 M 24 
 fc 25 
 H 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. 
 
 740 
 678 
 
 688 
 826 
 836 
 809 
 814 
 817 
 
 784 
 715 
 732 
 678 
 671 
 641 
 
 674 
 647 
 '661 
 646 
 650 
 553 
 
 714 
 
 654 
 623 
 590 
 602 
 
 1 
 
 In. 
 
 786 
 696 
 
 727 
 826 
 851 
 806 
 813 
 822 
 
 808 
 707 
 718 
 679 
 675 
 646 
 
 679 
 661 
 652 
 649 
 634 
 558 
 
 727 
 667 
 624 
 609 
 622 
 
 Jn. 
 
 0-919 
 
 791 
 710 
 
 731 
 829 
 860 
 807 
 789 
 821 
 
 804 
 722 
 716 
 704 
 675 
 642 
 
 662 
 663 
 642 
 666 
 660 
 557 
 
 691 
 650 
 667 
 608 
 615 
 
 In. 
 
 0-918 
 
 820 
 723 
 
 734 
 836 
 861 
 801 
 792 
 821 
 
 807 
 760 
 719 
 685 
 682 
 644 
 
 664 
 689 
 649 
 654 
 658 
 550 
 
 683 
 653 
 634 
 607 
 604 
 
 In. 
 
 0-921 
 
 776 
 721 
 
 746 
 843 
 836 
 802 
 795 
 830 
 
 799 
 756 
 701 
 695 
 677 
 650 
 
 651- 
 703 
 652 
 694 
 662 
 543 
 
 692 
 665 
 
 621 
 604 
 581 
 
 In. 
 0-J02 
 
 783 
 725 
 
 746 
 820 
 836 
 799 
 814 
 845 
 
 788 
 748 
 732 
 706 
 692 
 675 
 
 682 
 693 
 660 
 678 
 645 
 556 
 
 706 
 664 
 628 
 643 
 587 
 
 In. 
 
 0-904 
 789 
 719 
 
 728 
 802 
 829 
 800 
 813 
 825 
 
 787 
 746 
 739 
 713 
 687 
 700 
 
 697 
 692 
 657 
 686 
 662 
 573 
 
 703 
 663 
 635 
 607 
 581 
 
 In. 
 
 0-896 
 
 775 
 719 
 
 706 
 793 
 836 
 796 
 799 
 826 
 
 801 
 730 
 725 
 700 
 691 
 695 
 
 701 
 696 
 651 
 675 
 655 
 564 
 
 695 
 658 
 621 
 6-20 
 591 
 
 lu. 
 
 0-807 
 
 757 
 
 In. In. lu. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. lu. In. 
 0-894 0-906 0*844 0'833 0'806 818 0'808 0'824 0'863 0'868 0'903 0'882 0'840 0781 0791 
 
 726 730 748 731 -707 '655 -672 -692 715 749 794 724 -664 '633 '638 
 
 In. 
 
 0-870 
 733 
 
 661 
 751 
 823 
 
 824 
 814 
 817 
 
 802 
 766 
 727 
 711 
 675 
 680 
 
 696 
 670 
 687 
 692 
 668 
 635 
 
 666 
 695 
 642 
 607 
 618 
 597 
 
 736 
 
 727 
 777 
 826 
 809 
 809 
 
 720 -717 -717 716 -672 -597 '552 '542 '527 '560 "551 -599 '612 '649 705 
 728 728 722 719 718 718 759 769 "800 '802 '803 775 736 '851 '851 
 788 791 793 '802 '800 794 '837 "851 '853 "848 '849 '851 '870 '842 "842 
 824 798 793 793 -800 789 '836 '845 '827 "824 '801 -812 '814 '817 '830 
 806 799 -801 798 797 790 '839 '847 '825 '817 '864 -840 '841 '829 "822 
 814 -810 -809 -820 "808 '806 '819 '843 "824 '841 '846 '804 '830 '861 '825 
 
 816 
 809 
 742 
 712 
 673 
 701 
 
 803 793 784 790 776 768 777 783 762 798 "818 790 796 797 791 
 769 769 798 788 776 760 '809 792 710 706 723 722 710 "665 '693 
 721 715 729 726 707 728 765 736 723 704 "690 706 718 730 722 
 720 705 720 722 719 736 715 708 '697 '693 '678 "671 710 "697 "674 
 694 -637 '665 '642 -654 '694 '693 '667 '657 '647 '638 '655 '681 '669 '668 
 700 700 712 706 -700 709 700 -677 '641 -653 '667 '663 '647 '653 '635 
 
 745 
 688 
 693 
 652 
 690 
 641 
 
 726 710 732 749 744 716 723 730 '677 '688 '661 717 709 '687 "695 
 675 -671 -683 '691 -687 '669 '680 720 '644 -630 '631 '679 -637 -648 '632 
 667 -672 -682 '676 '679 -698 '688 713 715 727 710 '692 -667 '685 '691 
 690 -682 -687 '676 -693 '683 737 766 '840 "836 756 -684 -666 '684 -642 
 680 -691 '685 700 -684 -670 '674 "639 "653 "658 '664 -676 "657 '666 -597 
 660 -678 -636 "634 '667 '647 703 '619 "590 '597 '579 '616 '600 '542 '602 
 
 748 
 693 
 638 
 572 
 638 
 603 
 
 748 746 750 746 726 701 703 703 703 713 700 705 715 726 704 
 704 710 -693 '686 '674 '654 707 709 726 732 '699 "655 '665 '672 '678 
 636 -625 -647 '639 '632 '631 '654 -669 -684 -635 '610 "606 -625 '600 '607 
 574 -590 -591 -606 '579 "586 -572 -615 "613 '603 "621 '620 '604 "591 '577 
 612 -618 "607 -592 '612 ; 604 -616 '675 -679 -658 '627 '594 -613 '608 '599 
 610 -604 -595 -602 '594 '579 "612 '598 '605 '609 "613 '633 -588 '561 '545 
 
 Means 0707 
 
 714 
 
 715 
 
 717 
 
 716 
 
 721 
 
 721 
 
 716 
 
 723 
 
 719 715 716 715 708 700 -717 720 714 715 711 707 701 -698 '694 1 0713 
 
 
 
 
 The 
 
 numbers in 
 
 these columns are 
 
 not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 /ggV OF THE ^, 
 
 {UNIVERSITY ) 
 
 OF 
 
200 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 hm hm h in h m. h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 
 jff 1 
 
 II 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.-U 5.41 6.41 ?'.41 8.41 fl. 11 1041 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 10.41 17.41 18.11 ltl.4] 20.11 21.41 22.11 1'3..|] 0.11 l.H 2.11 :i.H 
 
 &** 
 
 Q 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. }>. p. p. p. p. p. ]). p. p. j). p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2222222223 3 3 3 3 333101 1122 
 
 23 
 
 N N E 
 
 
 
 222222222222222222 2 3 3 1 1 1 
 
 22 
 
 X X K 
 
 
 3 
 
 420001 1 1111 1 1 1 29 29 29 29 30 31 31 31 31 31 
 
 368 
 
 x 
 
 
 S 4 
 
 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 28 29 30 30 
 
 327 
 
 N AV by K 
 
 
 3 5 
 
 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 28 28 28 28 28 28 
 
 32! 
 
 X W by >' 
 
 
 b-i 6- 
 
 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 30 30 30 29 29 29 29 30 
 
 339 
 
 N X W 
 
 
 r 1 
 
 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 30 30 31 31 31 
 
 330 
 
 X W 1)V K 
 
 
 < 8 
 
 211122222222222233 3 3 3 3 3 3 
 
 25 x x E 
 
 
 5 9 
 
 32222222222222211122321 1 
 
 21' NSK 
 
 
 10 
 
 2 3 3 33333333 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 :i 
 
 32 NE by N 
 
 
 i- 11 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 30 29 30 31 1 1 
 
 7 N bv E 
 
 
 1 12 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 30 30 30 30 30 1 1 2 2 
 
 4 3v" 
 
 
 8 13 
 
 Ollllllllllllll292931ulOOOO 
 
 4 K 
 
 
 S 14 
 
 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 25 25 29 29 29 29 29 2! 
 
 322 
 
 x w by N 
 
 
 ^ 15 
 
 22222211111222222211 1111 
 
 17 
 
 N K E 
 
 
 ra 16 
 
 00000000000000000000 1100 
 
 1 
 
 S 
 
 
 17 
 
 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 3o 30 
 
 327 
 
 N W by K 
 
 
 H 18 
 
 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 28 24 28 29 29 29 29 31 
 
 332 
 
 N N W 
 
 
 PR 19 
 
 1 1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 3 3 3 2 2 
 
 19 
 
 N N E 
 
 
 20 
 
 2 2 -2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 
 
 21 
 
 N K E 
 
 
 
 3-333 3 33333333333344 2 2 ' > 
 
 32 
 
 
 
 O 22 
 
 ] 2222222233 3 3 3 3 30 30 31 2 4 55 5 5 
 
 26 
 
 NE by N 
 
 N N E 
 
 
 EH 23 
 
 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 ff 6 6 6 ' 6 6 6 6 5 31 3 4444 
 
 59 
 
 SE by E 
 
 
 24 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 28 27 28 30 1 1 1 
 
 2 
 
 N 
 
 
 3 25 
 
 33333333333 3333333 3 3 3 3 3 3 
 
 34 
 
 KB by x 
 
 
 M 26 
 
 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 29 28 28 31 31 3 3 3 3 
 
 21 
 
 NKE 
 
 
 P 27 
 28 
 
 2 2 3 3 o o o o o o .) o A 6 o o J .j f, ,i ,J .! .! 
 o 2 2 31 31 31 31 31 28 28 28 29 2 2 2 
 
 32 NE by K 
 356 N 
 
 
 29 
 
 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 30 30 3 3 3 4 4 4 
 
 26 
 
 N N E 
 
 
 30 
 
 55555555555555555555 5555 
 
 56 
 
 NE bv E 
 
 
 31 
 
 3333333333333333 30 30 29 1111 
 
 21 
 
 J 
 
 N N E 
 
 
 
 ooo ooooooooo ooooo oooo ooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Hourly f 
 
 12 12 11 11 11 12 11 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 11 2 352 354 7 10 11 11 12 
 
 ~> - 
 
 , 
 
 
 Means ^ 
 
 NbE NbE NbE NbE NbE NbK NbE NbE NbE NbE NbE NbE NbE NbE NbE N Nbw Nbw X N'bE NbE X'bE XbK X'bE 
 
 ' 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 |~.S2 <NW 
 
 777777777788889 13 17 17 14 10 8887 
 
 213 Obs.Nw 
 
 3 tls 3 j S W 
 
 0000000000000000 OOOOOOOo 
 
 sw 
 
 - 1 ' * | S E 
 
 00-00000000000000 OOOOOOOO 
 
 ^ SE 
 
 d||| ' L N E 
 
 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 23 23 23 23 22 18 14 14 17 21 2:: 23 23 24 
 
 5 :! ' NE 
 
 
 lb. Ib. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. Ib. lb. lb. lb. lb. 11,. lb. 11,. lb. Jb. 
 
 lb. 1 
 
 1 
 
 o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo 
 
 o-oo 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo .00 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 
 4 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 ce o 
 
 S, 5 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo ! 
 
 S 6 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -on -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 o o 
 
 >H 7 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -02 -04 -05 -03 
 
 01 
 
 OS 
 
 8 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oa -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -03 -04 -05 -12 -15 -10 -07 
 
 02 
 
 ^ I 
 
 <1 9 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo .00 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo .00 -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -oo -01 -oo -03 -oo 
 
 00 
 
 " fi" 
 
 = 10 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -oo -01 -01 
 
 oo 
 
 8.81 
 
 3 11 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -02 -oo -oo -01 -01 -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 **" 9 
 
 ^ OT 3 
 
 3 12 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo .00 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 
 1 13 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -10 -35 -oo -oo -oo 
 
 02 
 
 4S 3 g 
 
 r? en . 
 
 S 14 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 .-00 -00 -15 -40 -55 -67 '45 -30 
 
 11 
 
 5 !f. " 
 
 s j) 
 
 S 15 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -15 -25 -28 -35 -20 -15 -17 '13 
 
 07 
 
 
 te 16 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -37 -35 -40 -37 
 
 07 
 
 its >"" 
 
 17 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -48 -'45 -35 '50 "25 
 
 09 
 
 r^- ^ 
 
 a 18 
 
 oo -06 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 S s '* 
 
 S 19 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -oo -oo 
 
 ool ^1= s 
 
 fa 20 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 OOi s ,. - 
 
 21 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 O -? J3 
 
 ra 22 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 :00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 6.2 
 
 23 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 5 
 
 P5 24 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 
 
 fa 25 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 ."* 
 
 26 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 -oo 
 
 C 1 
 
 27 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 .2 " 
 
 28 
 
 oo -oo oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 o o 
 
 fi 
 
 29 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 OJ3 
 *+-< rH 
 
 30 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 o 
 
 31 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 J3 
 
 H 
 
 Means O'OO '00 "00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '01 '02 -05 '07 '06 -06 -04 1 0'01| 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERA r ATIONS 
 
 207 
 
 DIBECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5678 9 10 ' 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 5 JC- a 
 
 dj 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m h m h m h in h m h.m. h m h m. h m. b.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. li.m. h.m. 
 
 ri'fj 
 
 II 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5.11 6.41 7.41 8.41 B.41 10.41 11.41 12.11 13.11 14.41 15.41 1(1.41 17.41 18.41 10.41 20.41 21.41 22.J1 28.41 ".11 1.11 2.41 3.41 
 
 ** 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p . p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 5 5 5 5 5 4 ' 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 2 23 23 23 23 
 
 20 
 
 N XE 
 
 
 2 
 
 444444444444444441344444 
 
 43 
 
 NE 
 
 
 c~v 3 
 
 2222 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 33333 3 3 3 30 2 3 3 3 
 
 29 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 oo 4 
 
 4444444 444444444 44 4 30 1 344 
 
 40 
 
 HE 
 
 
 g 
 
 4445555 5 55 5, 6666666666666 
 
 61 
 
 NEby E 
 
 
 r* 6 
 
 444444444444444444444443 
 
 45 
 
 XE 
 
 
 2 7 
 
 4 4444444444444444 31 034444 
 
 40 
 
 NE 
 
 
 S 8 
 
 4444444444444444 30 12 344 5 5 
 
 40 
 
 NE 
 
 
 Pn 9 
 
 6666666667777777 77777777 
 
 75 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 H 10 
 
 7777888888888877 77777777 
 
 83 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 PH 11 
 
 H 667777778888899 9 9999999 
 
 89 
 
 E 
 
 
 
 777777777777777777777885 
 
 79 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 Q 13 
 
 3 44 44444444444 55 535. 56565 
 
 49 
 
 NE 
 
 
 g 14 
 
 33344444. 4 44444444445543 3 
 
 44 
 
 XE 
 
 
 15 
 
 434444444444444443344444 
 
 44 
 
 . NE 
 
 
 
 3 333444444444 31 31 31 30 27 31 5 6 8 7 8 
 
 33 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 M 1? 
 
 8888888 888888889 27 26 12 11 8889 
 
 82 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 EH *" 
 
 899999999999999990555566 
 
 . 86 
 
 E 
 
 
 s< 19 
 
 444444444444444 24 20 9 77 12 867 
 
 60 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 O 20 
 
 998899999999999999998888 
 
 98 
 
 E by s 
 
 
 f 21 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 25 21 16 10 10 10 11 11 
 
 128 
 
 SE by E 
 
 
 22 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 8 9 9 9 Board Stopped. 
 
 110 
 
 ESE 
 
 
 S 23 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11- 11 9 10 10 10 9 8 9 10 11 11 
 
 112 
 
 ESE 
 
 
 24 
 
 777777777777777777776677 
 
 78 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 W 25 
 
 644444444444444444444458 
 
 48 
 
 NE 
 
 
 g 26 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 12 13 13 
 
 117 
 
 ESE 
 
 
 P 27 
 
 999888888888888888999999 
 
 94 
 
 E 
 
 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 8 8 8 8 21 19 17 13 12 12 12 12 
 
 129 
 
 SEby E 
 
 
 Hourly f 
 
 oooooooooo ooooo oo ooo oooo 
 
 69 68 68 69 70 70 70 71 71 72 72 72 71 69 69 64 65 62 72 67 67 68 70 70 
 
 o 
 1 70 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 Means 
 
 EXE EXE ENE ENE EXE ENE ENE ENE ENE ENE ENE EXE EXE EXE ENE EXE EXE ENE ENE EXE EXE ENE ENE ENE 
 
 
 
 
 := r NW 
 
 000000000000011243120000 
 
 14 Obs. N w 
 
 *||Js-w 
 
 0000000000000000222011. 11 
 
 10 s w 
 
 % _o I s _X ] S E 
 
 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 10 10 7 7789 11 9 10 
 
 229 SE 
 
 ? 5 N E 
 
 19 19 19 19 18 18 18 18 18 17 17 17 17 16 17 16 15 16 18 17 17 15 17 16 
 
 414 N E 
 
 
 lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. Ib. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb 
 
 Ih 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0-00 O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 
 
 O'OO 
 
 * 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 nS 
 
 3 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo I -oo 
 
 S W 
 
 4 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -00 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 o ^ 
 
 8 ; 
 
 00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 c 
 o o 
 
 
 00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '-00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 
 7 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 1 -oo 
 
 c ^ 
 
 H o 
 
 rrj 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 ' '00 
 
 s S 
 
 5 9 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo i -oo 
 
 ^ ** 
 
 1= 10 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 8.5 
 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 
 W 12 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 
 
 "S g 
 
 ^ 13 
 
 00 -00 -00 -i)0 -00' -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 
 
 CO P *"* 
 
 1 14 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo i ' -oo 
 
 E S-S 
 
 Q i c 
 
 S ** 
 
 00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 
 
 *O C- n 
 
 S 16 
 
 00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 
 
 O ti ~*~* 
 
 ^ 17 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 T3 
 
 u 18 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 
 
 "~ H ^ 
 
 19 
 
 00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 '/. ' r- 
 
 rn o o 
 
 H 20 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo Bf.s 
 
 &H 21 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo g.g 
 
 22 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo ' -oo -ob -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo . -oo 
 
 r-* ^ * 
 
 S 23 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -GO -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -ooi -oo 
 
 ." is 
 
 o 24 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 C 
 
 a> o 
 
 o 25 
 
 00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 Board Stopped. "00 
 
 u 
 
 g 26 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co! -oo 
 
 sc f- 
 
 27 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 Ql 5 
 
 28 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00' '00 '00 ''00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 
 
 oo 
 
 
 
 
 
 JM 
 
 Means O'OO '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 1 O'OOI 
 
208 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 c.b 
 * fC c 
 
 01 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.ni. h.m. h.m. h.m. Ixm. h.m. b.m. h.m. h.ni. li.m. h.m. h m. h.ra. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m. 
 
 til 
 
 11 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.11 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 *" 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p . 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 14 16 17 13 12 12 12 12 
 
 141 
 
 s E by s 
 
 
 2 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 16 12 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 137 
 
 S E 
 
 
 3 
 
 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 H H 17 18 14 13 1.2 12 10 13 
 
 134 
 
 S E 
 
 
 4 
 
 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 16 17 16 15 13 13 13 
 
 142 
 
 s E by s 
 
 
 o> 5 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 15 16 13 12 12 12 13 13 
 
 140 
 
 s E 
 
 
 So 6 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 17 17 18 18 13 13 13 13 
 
 147 
 
 s K by s 
 
 
 rH 7 
 
 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 16 18 18 19 14 13 13 13 
 
 163 
 
 S SE 
 
 
 W 8 
 
 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 14 15 16 15 13 13 13 13 13 
 
 143 
 
 s E by s 
 
 
 2 9 
 
 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 17 17 15 14 14 14 14 14 
 
 161 
 
 S S E 
 
 
 5 K> 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 18 19 20 15 15 14 13 13 
 
 157 
 
 S S E 
 
 
 a 11 
 
 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1] 10 10 11 
 
 123 
 
 s K by E 
 
 
 T 12 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 
 
 120 
 
 s K by E 
 
 
 P 13 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 16 18 15 12 12 12 
 
 142 
 
 s K by s 
 
 
 S 14 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 16 16 16 19 19 14 13 14 14 
 
 150 
 
 s E by s 
 
 
 g 15 
 
 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 
 
 157 
 
 S S E 
 
 
 16 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 13 12 11 9 9 9 
 
 145 
 
 s E by s 
 
 
 S3 i? 
 
 999999999999999999999888 
 
 100 
 
 Eby s 
 
 
 g 18 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 12 11 999 
 
 139 
 
 S E 
 
 
 b 19 
 
 9'99999999999 999999999888 
 
 100 
 
 E by s 
 
 
 20 
 
 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 788 8 8 8 8 8 28 19 14 14 14 12 12 12 
 
 97 
 
 E by s 
 
 
 M 21 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 10 15 13 13 12 12 12 12 
 
 127 
 
 s E by E 
 
 
 22 
 
 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 11 11 9 9 10 
 
 123 
 
 s E by E 
 
 
 2 23 
 
 77777777777777765 5 5' 55555 
 
 71 
 
 EN E 
 
 
 24 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 18 18 13 13 13 13 
 
 131 
 
 SE 
 
 
 N 25 
 
 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 14 14 15 15 15 15 14 15 
 
 134 
 
 S E 
 
 
 26 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 
 
 146 
 
 s E by s 
 
 
 27 
 
 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 13 13 11 9 12 12 12 
 
 116 
 
 E S E 
 
 
 28 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 10 11 12 11 11 
 
 142 
 
 s E by s 
 
 
 29 
 
 OA 
 
 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 H 11 11 H 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 7 
 
 121 
 
 H>7 
 
 s E by E 
 
 
 oO 
 31 
 
 77777777777666665 31 344444 
 
 ll 
 63 
 
 E by N 
 
 E N E 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Hourly ( 
 Means j 
 
 123 122 123 123 124 124 124 125 126 126 126 126 127 127 127 130 134 149 149 143 132 127 126 127 
 
 SEbE SEbE SEbE SEbE SEbE SEbE SEbE SEbE SEbE M- 1 >l; SEbE SEbE SEbE SEbE SEbE SE SE SEbs SEbS SEbs SE SEbE SEbE SEbE 
 
 ]l29 
 
 s E by E 
 
 
 t-S.S|f KW 
 
 000000000000000011000000 
 
 2 
 
 Obs. N M 
 
 ' 
 
 BlilJsw 
 
 0000000000000001612860000 
 
 33 
 
 s -n 
 
 1 
 
 Hits' 1 , 81 
 
 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 28 28 27 21 16 20 22 28 28 28 27 
 
 628 
 
 ,, SI 
 
 ! 
 
 JB fQ ' 
 
 +j Q) O 1 x 1 Tf 
 
 8! . * ft E 
 
 444444444333333332333334 
 
 81 
 
 N I 
 
 \ 
 
 ; t* w l^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. lb. )b. Ib. Ib. lb. Ib. Ib. Ib. lb. Ib. Ib. 
 
 lb. 
 
 4B 
 
 o 
 
 
 1 
 
 o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo 
 
 o-oo 
 
 2 ffl 
 
 c 
 
 
 2 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 .00 
 
 H 
 
 ci 
 
 
 3 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -35 -55 -60 -00 
 
 06 
 
 3 g 
 
 ^(3 
 
 
 4 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -so -20 -35 
 
 04 
 
 "> > 
 
 
 5 
 
 15 -17 -05 '15 -12 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 "00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 "45 -40 '35 '20 
 
 09 
 
 OJ o 
 
 S 
 
 
 _ 6 
 
 25 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -10 -00 -00 -00 -15 -12 
 
 03 
 
 
 
 
 1 7 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 gtjj 
 
 
 S 8 
 
 .00 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 TJ 
 
 
 W 9 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 1 o 
 
 
 10 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 a lg 
 
 
 S 11 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -06 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 * a 
 
 
 5 l2 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 o S -6 
 
 
 T 13 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo ,-oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 2 % c 
 
 
 1 14 
 
 00' -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 S CO * rH 
 C <U <B 
 
 
 S 15 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 gks 
 
 
 te 16 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 -=3 
 
 
 * 17 
 
 oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 "3 m K 
 
 
 S 18 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo 
 
 00 
 
 SJ'-e 
 
 
 g 19 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 cc <3 a 
 
 *T3 C C 
 
 
 20 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 8*9 
 
 
 21 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 io5 
 
 
 22 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 5rl 
 
 
 o 23 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 C o) 
 
 -^ 
 
 
 24 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 SB 
 
 
 25 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 t> . 
 
 
 ^ 26 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 &C >- 
 
 .2 
 
 
 27 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 <u 
 
 
 28 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 || 
 
 
 29 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 *g 
 
 
 30 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 0) M 
 
 
 31 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo .00 -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo .00 -oo -10 -20 -15 -15 
 
 03 
 
 H 
 
 
 Means 
 
 0-01 -01 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -03 -05 -05 -03| 
 
 o-oi 
 
 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 209 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 tti 
 
 g 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m 
 
 i&li 
 
 If 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 6.41 6,41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 c S ^ 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p . p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p . p . 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 8888888666 66666644444444 
 
 65 
 
 E N E 
 
 
 2 
 
 334444666688888965787777 
 
 7( 
 
 E N E 
 
 
 3 
 
 5555555555555558888888 10 8 
 
 7C 
 
 E N E 
 
 
 o 4 
 
 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 12 12 12 12 12 6 5 5 5 30 3 5 5 5 5 7 
 
 
 E 
 
 
 S 5 
 
 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 in 
 
 E SE 
 
 
 2 6 
 
 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 
 
 13 
 
 S E 
 
 
 J 7 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 Board Stopped 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 *""* 8 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 14 
 
 s E bv s 
 
 
 S 9 
 
 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 
 
 154 
 
 J 
 SSE 
 
 
 <J 10 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 11 11 11 11 11 9 
 
 13t 
 
 S E 
 
 
 11 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 13 13 13 13 14 14 13 13 13 12 14 14 14 
 
 151 
 
 s E by s 
 
 
 g 12 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 16 18 15 14 12 14 14 15 
 
 15S 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 5 13 
 
 15 14 14 14 14 31 22 22 21 20 20 20 20 20 20 19 18 18 16 15 15 14 13 14 
 
 201 
 
 s s w 
 
 
 ^ 14 
 
 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 15 
 
 141 
 
 s E by s 
 
 
 pa 15 
 
 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 15 
 
 139 
 
 8 E 
 
 
 W 16 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 15 14 14 13 14 14 13 
 
 150 
 
 s E by s 
 
 
 H 17 
 
 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 17 18 16 16 16 15 14 16 
 
 170 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 PR 18 
 
 15 16 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 13 13 
 
 159 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 19 
 
 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 
 
 165 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 fc 20 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 9 9 9 9 
 
 129 
 
 s E by E 
 
 
 21 
 
 9999999999999999 26 30 124555 
 
 74 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 H 22 
 
 666666666666666665555211 
 
 59 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 23 
 
 6 5 5 5 4 3 3 19 44 5 5 5 11 11 12 12 12 14 16 17 17 22 22 
 
 112 
 
 E S E 
 
 
 24 
 25 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 8 8 8 8 7 7 Board Stopped 
 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 15 15 15 15 
 
 p 
 
 164 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 26 
 
 14 14 14 13 13 13 13 13 19 19 17 16 14 14 14 14 14 13 13 13 14 14 15 15 
 
 162 
 
 S 8 E 
 
 
 27 
 
 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 17 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 16 18 18 
 
 176 
 
 s 
 
 
 28 
 
 14 15 15 15 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 16 15 15 15 14 14 14 14 14 
 
 163 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 29 
 
 15 16 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 20 21 21 21 21 18 17 17 17 
 
 203 
 
 ss w 
 
 
 30 
 
 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 28 28 28 28 28 27 27 27 21 20 20 24 29 29 14 11 11 
 
 236 
 
 s why w 
 
 
 
 ooooooooooooooooooooo'ooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Hourly t 
 
 130 131 131 132 131 124 135 145 142 144 144 144 143 142 141 142 135 135 138 131 128 135 136 138 
 
 139 
 
 
 
 Means ) 
 
 SE SE SSE SE SE SEbE SE SEbS SEbS SEbS SEbs SEbS SEbs SEbS SEbS SEbS SE SE SE SE SEbs SE SE SE 
 
 
 SE 
 
 
 '3-SSfNW 
 
 00000101111111 101211 1000 
 
 15 Obs.NW 
 
 5 ^- j s "W 
 
 020111333444333567554334 
 
 77 s w 
 
 | & =* i S E 
 
 26 24 26 25 25 24 23 22 21 20 21 21 22 22 22 21 18 16 17 18 18 20 20 19 
 
 511 8 B 
 
 ||| 1 N E 
 
 44444444554444434464 5555 
 
 103 N E 
 
 
 Ib. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb lb lb lb 
 
 lb. 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo 
 
 o-oo 
 
 8. 
 2 S 
 
 2 
 
 05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 - R 
 
 3 
 
 25 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -30 -65 
 
 05 
 
 a g 
 
 4 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 t> 
 
 5 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 o O 
 
 
 OJ ,. 
 
 10 6 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 10 -25 12 -oo 
 
 02 
 
 o .g 
 
 00 
 
 i i 7 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 Board Stopped 
 
 
 oli 
 
 J 8 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo is 14 
 
 01 
 
 
 S 9 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 Cm 
 r-t I 
 
 g 10 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 8.J 1 
 
 ! 11 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -10 -oo 
 
 01 
 
 f S a 
 
 1 12 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '30 -35 -38 -28 
 
 05 
 
 O f-l 
 
 O 13 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 2 S 
 
 S 14 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 e a> ' t ~ t 
 
 E t. > 
 
 fcj 15 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 
 H 16 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 O f^ 
 
 W 17 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 Baa 
 
 EH 18 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 ill 
 
 fe I 9 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 -3 a S 
 
 20 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 a ro-9 
 
 H 21 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 -gjj 
 
 o 22 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 fl ** 
 
 00) 
 
 tf 23 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 ~ 
 
 fe 24 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo B. s. 
 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 .E; ' 
 
 26 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -10 -08 -oo -oo 
 
 01 
 
 CO ^ 
 
 27 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00. -00 15 1-00 115 1-25 70 "60 "65 
 
 23 
 
 " a 
 
 03 
 
 28 
 
 70 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 15 -40 '45 "30 '25 '40 1'35 1-90 "85 
 
 41 
 
 
 29 
 
 85 -60 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 '00 "00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 0-00 0-00 0-00 O'OO O'OO -00 
 
 06 
 
 e+H _f 
 
 30 
 
 15 -12 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 01 
 
 O 
 
 Means 1 0'07 '03 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '01 '01 '02 '08 -09 11 10 13 '09 [ 0'03| 
 
 53 
 
210 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 li 
 
 el 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m, h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. hm hm 
 
 I'll 
 
 || 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 S.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 1&41 18.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 a a 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p . p . p . p . p. p . p. p . p. p . p . p. p. p. p. p . p. p . p . p . p . 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 15 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 
 
 174 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 2 
 
 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 17 20 21 22 22 24 13 13 
 
 177 
 
 s 
 
 
 3 
 
 12 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 21 21 21 21 13 13 13 
 
 170 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 4 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 16 16 16 16 15 15 15 15 15 15 13 13 13 12 12 12 12 
 
 153 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 8 5 
 
 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 12 14 14 14 15 13 13 13 12 12 
 
 157 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 S 6 
 
 13 29 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 16 16 16 16 15 15 15 20 21 17 12 12 7 7 
 
 169 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 7 
 
 12 12 12 12 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 15 16 16 16 16 15 15 15 12 12 12 B. S. 
 
 150 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 S 8 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 16 17 20 20 21 21 12 12 12 
 
 164 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 S 9 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 15 15 15 16 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 21 21 23 23 23 24 26 25 
 
 205 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 1 10 
 
 13 13 13 13 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 20 26 28 30 31 6 B. S. 
 
 203 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 P 11 
 
 11 11 11 15 15 15 15 16 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 22 16 15 15 15 
 
 186 
 
 sby w 
 
 
 g 12 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 17 17 17 24 13 13 12 12 12 
 
 159 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 13 
 
 13 13 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 15 14 14 13 13 13 14 
 
 164 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 14 
 
 12 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 18 18 31 3 21 21 17 21 6 11 12 12 3 
 
 155 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 u 15 
 
 IS 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 14 14 14 14 13 13 13 
 
 164 
 
 s by K 
 
 
 16 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 16 16 14 14 13 14 13 14 14 
 
 154 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 17 
 
 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 13 13 14 14 14 14 
 
 157 
 
 a s E 
 
 
 o I 8 
 
 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 17 17 17 20 20 20 17 17 16 16 16 16 
 
 182 
 
 s 
 
 
 19 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 15 16 17 16 16 17 17 17 17 16 16 16 16 15 14 14 13 13 
 
 168 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 g 20 
 
 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 21 22 23 26 21 12 11 12 
 
 190 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 y 21 
 
 10 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 16 16 16 16 19 20 12 10 12 
 
 154 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 g 22 
 
 14 15 16 16 17 17 3 8 21 21 21 25 25 23 23 24 24 24 25 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 198 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 g 23 
 
 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 17 19 20 20 20 17 15 15 15 
 
 180 
 
 s 
 
 
 g 24 
 
 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 24 31 31 31 15 9 9 8 8 
 
 146 
 
 ssby s 
 
 
 3 25 
 
 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 24 22 22 22 19 19 18 18 17 17 
 
 157 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 26 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 14 14 16 18 19 17 14 13 13 13 12 
 
 150 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 27 
 
 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 16 18 20 20 20 18 17 14 14 14 14 
 
 175 
 
 s 
 
 
 28 
 
 13 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 3 3 30 23 25 28 16 15 
 
 229 
 
 8 W 
 
 
 29 
 
 14 14 15 15 15 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 28 28 29 29 7 10 12 14 
 
 232 
 
 swby w 
 
 
 30 
 
 12 12 12 12 13 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 17 24 24 24 25 24 5 8 10 12 
 
 175 
 
 s 
 
 
 31 
 
 15 15 15 16 17 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 27 27 27 28 29 7 11 13 14 
 
 210 
 
 swby s 
 
 
 
 o ooooo oooooooooooooooooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 Hourly f 
 Means ^ 
 
 144 154 150 152 155 160 158 164 172 174 175 179 181 186 178 201 222 227 230 207 176 158 152 151 
 SEbs SSE SEbs SSE SSE SSE isE sbs sbE sbE s 8 s sbw 8 ssw sw sw sw ssw s SSE SSE sEbs 
 
 J174 
 
 sby E 
 
 i ,} [J M ( 
 
 
 (*f\ f\l^ 
 
 ! iU" 
 
 1 2 3 5 5 6 9 11 13 15 13 15 16 13 18 17 16 15 12 10 2 -3 2 
 
 60 Obs.NW 
 
 222 s w 
 
 g o ^ ^ | S E 
 
 31 29 29 28 26 25 23 21 19 1? 15 16 14 13 14 6 7 77 12 15 24 23 23 
 
 444 s E 
 
 ^5 NE 
 
 00000010000000211 1013112 
 
 14 , HE 
 
 
 
 
 lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. Ib. lb. Ib. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo 
 
 o-oo 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -10 -08 -09 -07 -oo -oo 
 
 01 
 
 =3 g 
 
 3 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -02 -03 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 32 
 
 4 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 CO t> 
 
 5 
 
 02 -01 -oo -oo -oo -oo -10 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 B O 
 
 S 6 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 - 
 
 oo 7 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo .00 -15 -is -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo B. s. 
 
 01 
 
 O"c3 
 
 tH 8 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -02 
 
 00 
 
 T3 9 
 
 5 9 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 B "fi 
 
 a 10 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -15 -17 -13 "00 "00 -00 -00 "00 '00 "00 '00 "00 "00 -01 '08 -01 -00 '00 B. S. 
 
 02 
 
 O o O> 
 
 1 11 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 si 
 
 P 12 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 sis 
 
 g 13 
 
 00 -00 -05 -13 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 'Oo '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 01 
 
 GO CD fl 
 
 fe 14 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -so -27 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 02 
 
 1 g'S 
 
 15 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 3 '^'S 
 
 S 16 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -85 -60 -so -oo 
 
 07 
 
 S 
 
 g I? 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -15 -22 -30 '80 TOO -20 -00 
 
 11 
 
 T3 2 cS 
 
 h 18 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 -42 0-35 -22 -15 
 
 05 
 
 S~ B 
 
 ^^ 1 Q 
 
 oo -12 -02 -oo -oo -08 -10 -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -co -oo -co -co -GO -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co 
 
 01 
 
 CO S 
 
 20 
 
 10 -40 -12 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 03 
 
 C M ""* 
 
 g 21 
 
 00 -04 -10 -07 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -12 '02 -05 -00 -00 -00 '00 -20 '25 
 
 04 
 
 O r& 
 
 22 
 
 10 -12 -00 -00 -00 -00 -30 -20 "25 "27 "00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 -00 "00 "00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 05 
 
 P -" 
 
 23 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo, -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 .5^ 
 
 ^ 24 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 S? 
 
 25 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -05 -08 
 
 01 
 
 
 26 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 "i 
 
 27 
 
 25 -10 -08 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "02 '10 '05 '00 '00 '00 '05 '10 '15 -00 
 
 04 
 
 " 
 
 28 
 
 10 -13 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 01 
 
 CD 
 
 29 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 <SEH 
 
 30 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 CD 
 
 31 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -10 -08 -07 -03 -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 01 
 
 .el 
 
 Means 1 0'02 '03 '01 '01 '00 '01 '02 '01 '01 '01 '00 '00 '00 '00 "01 '02 '01 "01 '02 '02 '07 "07 '04 '021 0'02| 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 211 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mm n Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 * L. 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 
 R.E?<O 
 
 as 
 
 g-J 
 
 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. li.in. b.ni. li.m. li.m. h.m. li.m. h.TO. h.m. h.m. li.ni. h.m. h.m. h m. h.zn h.m h n> lim hm hm h.m 
 
 jiJ 
 
 as 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 8.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.J1 0.41 L41 2.41* 3.41 
 
 23* 
 
 B| 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p . p. p . p . p . p . p . p . p . p . p . p . p . p 
 
 
 
 
 
 ] 
 
 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 17 18 24 26 24 24 20 18 15 15 
 
 186 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 2 
 
 9 23 22 21 21 20 20 20 20 22 26 25 26 26 Board Stopped 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 13 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 16 18 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 9 9 
 
 116 
 
 E S E 
 
 
 8 4 
 
 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 14 15 15 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 
 
 46 
 
 N E 
 
 
 00 5 
 
 13 13 13 14 15 15 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 22 22 23 23 23 
 
 232 
 
 s w by w 
 
 
 H 6 
 
 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 24 24 24 24 24 23 15 22 
 
 218 
 
 s w by s 
 
 
 fc 7 
 
 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 16 21 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 13 13 13 
 
 200 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 P 8 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 18" 21 24 24 19 14 4 4 
 
 160 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 7 9 
 
 6 6 6 7 7 7 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 18 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 20 
 
 173 
 
 s bv E 
 
 
 i 10 
 
 17 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 
 
 180 
 
 u UJ AJ 
 
 s 
 
 
 n 
 
 31 21 20 20 20 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 19 20 20 20 19 17 
 
 223 
 
 s w 
 
 
 S 12 
 
 18 18 22 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 22 21 21 20 20 20 20 19 20 
 
 242 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 13 
 
 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 19 19 19 19 19 19 22 22 23 23 23 23 
 
 230 
 
 s w 
 
 
 w u 
 
 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 23 23 25 24 23 22 
 
 234 
 
 s w by w 
 
 
 W 15 
 
 EH 16 
 
 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 24 23 Board Stopped 
 17 17 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 23 24 24 23 25 24 24 
 
 ? 
 
 242 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 fc 17 
 
 23 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 23 24 25 24 24 23 23 23 22 
 
 221 
 
 s w 
 
 
 O 18 
 
 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 27 28 28 28 28 Board Stopped. 
 
 ? 
 
 
 
 fc 1 
 
 9 20 18 18 18 18 18 22 23 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 25 24 26 26 26 26 27 
 
 251 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 20 
 
 7 7 11 12 15 15 18 18 18 18 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 25 15 15 16 16 16 16 
 
 186 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 H 21 
 
 14 14 15 15 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 17 
 
 201 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 g 22 
 
 17 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 15 
 
 185 
 
 s 
 
 
 1 23 
 
 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 16 16 23 23 23 22 22 21 20 14 
 
 202 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 24 
 
 15 15 15 15 15 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 23 23 23 22 22 8 12 12 
 
 190 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 25 
 
 14 15 15 15 15 16 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 24 24 23 19 16 15 
 
 205 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 26 
 
 16 16 17 17 18 17 17 17 17 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 17 17 18 15 15 15 14 14 
 
 195 
 
 s bv w 
 
 
 27 
 
 15 15 15 15 15 15 19 19 19 19 19 19 Board Stopped 24 24 25 24 24 24 24 24 
 
 ? 
 
 jj 
 
 
 28 
 
 9 12-12 12 12 13 13 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 24 27 27 25 12 9 8 10 
 
 171 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 29 
 
 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 15 15 15 16 17 17 17 17 17 25 5 7 8 8 8 
 
 137 
 
 s E 
 
 
 30 
 
 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 17 18 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 20 
 
 202 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 
 
 
 Hourly j 
 
 153 163 175 176 181 182 191 198 200 205 216 219 220 215 216 224 241 250 252 251 227 211 201 197 
 
 f o/"\h 
 
 
 Means I 
 
 SSE SSE s s s s sbw ssw ssw ssw swbs swbs sw swbs swbs sw swbw wsw wsw wsw sw swbs ssw ssw 
 
 207 
 
 ssw 
 
 |g.9||NW 
 
 1000000001333335 11 11 15 13 7 654 
 
 94 Obs. N w 
 
 iiiij"' 
 
 11 13 14 14 15 17 21 22 23 22 22 24 23 22 23 21 17 16 11 12 16 14 13 12 
 
 418 s w 
 
 8l*||" 
 
 16 14 15 15 14 12 987753331100122 68 10 
 
 162 s E 
 
 ilili^ 
 
 231111000000011112222 111 
 
 24 N E 
 
 
 Ib. Ib Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo 
 
 o-oo 
 
 Is 
 
 2 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -'00 -00 Board Stopped. 
 
 
 i 
 
 3 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 P 
 
 CT- fc. 
 
 4 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo .00 -oo -oo -oo -50 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -05 -oo -oo -oo 
 
 02 
 
 fa 
 
 5 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -65 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 03 
 
 a 
 
 o> 6 
 
 oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 O O 
 
 p.* 1 
 
 8 7 
 
 (VI ' 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 ^ 
 
 S 8 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 T3 5 
 
 - c 
 
 W 9 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 & - 
 
 O O f3 
 
 fc 10 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 & a 
 
 5 n 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -is -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 01 
 
 <3~ a 
 
 ... CO r-j 
 
 7 12 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 *|| 
 
 13 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 00 P 00 
 
 "3 oa rt 
 
 fc 14 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -35 -is -10 -oo 
 
 03 
 
 4 3.9 
 
 S to 
 
 C 15 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 'CO -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 Board Stopped. 
 
 oo 
 
 2 t-t i> 
 
 3 p-.fi 
 
 16 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -10 -12 -is -oo -oo -oo 
 
 02 
 
 isl 
 
 W 17 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -05 -02 -10 -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 01 
 
 JL o 
 
 2 M <S 
 
 18 
 
 00 'CO -00 -00 'CO -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 'GO -10 -00 -00 -00 -10 Board Stopped. 
 
 01 
 
 S a.2 
 
 C3 J3 -g 
 
 b 19 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -20 -45 -10 -00 '00 "00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -10 -15 '08 '00 '00 -00 '00 
 
 05 
 
 a; 03 ^ 
 
 20 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -10 -00 -15 -25 -00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 '00 '00 "02 '04 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 
 
 02 
 
 12 o 
 5 m "* 
 
 21 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -15 -oo -10 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 01 
 
 S O & 
 SJ3 
 
 g 22 
 
 oo -co -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 ag-3 
 
 23 
 
 oo -oo -10 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo .00 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 M QJ 
 
 T3 
 
 O 24 
 
 05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 .00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 
 
 01 
 
 go 
 
 * 25 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 g9 
 
 26 
 
 10 '15 -12 '15 -10 -08 -05 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 "00 "00 
 
 03 
 
 '& 
 
 27 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 Board Stopped, '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 mfi 
 
 28 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -do -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 g 
 
 t* 
 
 29 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 o,a 
 
 30 
 
 CO -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 EH 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Means |0'01 "01 -01 '01 -01 "01 '03 '02 "02 '00 '02 "00 -00 "00 "00 "00 '00 '01 "01 "02 '02 "01 "00 '001 0'01| 
 
212 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OP THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 !* 
 
 .= a 
 
 si 
 
 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.'m. him. h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. hm hm hm 
 
 =11 
 
 11 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4-l 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3^41 
 
 %* 
 
 r*S .Jj 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p . p . p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 20 20 25 6 8 8 8 11 10 10 
 
 17 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 16 15 15 15 
 
 151 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 3 
 
 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 22 22 22 20 18 18 17 17 
 
 19f 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 4 
 
 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 14 13 14 
 
 165 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 8 5 
 
 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 19 19 19 20 20 22 20 20 20 20 18 19 20 
 
 20t 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 S 6 
 
 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 18 18 17 17 17 17 17 17 
 
 18C 
 
 g 
 
 
 fcH 7 
 
 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 18 16 15 15 14 
 
 174 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 3 8 
 
 15 ' 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 17 17 17 17 17 17 20 20 2 68 8 8 9 
 
 14 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 & 9 
 
 8 9 10 23 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 27 5 5 4 45 
 
 137 
 
 S E 
 
 
 *-? 10 
 
 31 33344433333333334899999 
 
 5C 
 
 N E 
 
 
 Q U 
 
 8 8 8 9 9 27 27 27 28 28 28 31 25 25 27 28 2 31 1 4 2 
 
 c 
 
 N 
 
 
 g 12 
 
 31 31 28 21 31 1332330 31 1344344230 
 
 11 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 13 
 
 8 13 13 13 13 14 15 20 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 17 14 15 15 13 14 
 
 182 
 
 g 
 
 
 14 
 
 17 18 18 20 30 4 26 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 22 23 24 24 22 21 15 
 
 261 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 H 15 
 
 13 14 16 16 16 17 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 19 20 20 23 23 23 22 22 22 22 22 
 
 213 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 W 16 
 
 21 21 19 19 18 25 25 24 24 24 22 23 23 23 23 23 22 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 
 
 256 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 EH 17 
 
 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 22 22 22 22 22 
 
 239 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 fe 18 
 
 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 22 23 24 .24 24 24 24 24 23 22 24 24 24 25 24 24 
 
 257 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 19 
 
 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 24 24 24 24 
 
 255 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 fc 20 
 
 23 23 23 23 22 20 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 22 22 22 22 23 24 24 24 
 
 256 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 21 
 
 22 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 21 21 21 21 
 
 237 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 EH 22 
 
 20 24 23 23 23 23 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 23 22 22 23 24 24 23 23 23 
 
 254 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 H 23 
 
 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 22. 22 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 26 25 25 25 
 
 255 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 24 
 
 3 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 30 30 31 31 31 30 29 29 29 
 
 344 
 
 N by w 
 
 
 g 25 
 
 25 25 25 25 25 25 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 .24 24 24 24 24 25 25 23 25 22 23 
 
 272 
 
 w 
 
 
 Q 26 
 
 22 21 22 24 24 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 23 23 23 26 24 24 23 24 24 25 24 
 
 264 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 27 
 
 23 24 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 23 23 23 23 25 24 23 22 
 
 264 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 28 
 
 23 23 23 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 23 22 23 23 
 
 270 
 
 w 
 
 
 29 
 
 22 22 22 22 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 24 24 24 24 27 26 24 24 24 
 
 229 
 
 s w 
 
 
 30 
 
 6 8 8 9 99 9 9 10 10 10 12 12 12 12 12 13 15 22 24 22 22 22 22 
 
 160 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 31 
 
 22 22 13 13 13 13 15 16 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 17 20 23 23 23 22 22 3 4 
 
 220 
 
 s w 
 
 
 
 OOO OOO OOOOOO OOOOO OOOO OOO 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Hourly 5 
 Means I 
 
 200 205 201 208 204 207 217 232 232 233 237 241 241 240 -241 244 252 228 252 258 245 242 245 243 
 ssw ssw saw ssW ssw ssw swbs swbw swbw s wbw swbw swbw swbw swbw swbw wsw wsw sw wsw \vbs wsw wsw wsw wsw 
 
 J231 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 l|a|| r uw 
 
 34355667788 77878 878 10 11 10 88 
 
 169 Obs.Nw 
 
 i||JT 
 
 17 15 18 17 17 16 16 16 16 16 17 18 18 19 19 18 18 17 17 13 13 11 12 11 
 
 385 s w 
 
 S|11 
 
 9 10 9887766543. 3333 33345778 
 
 134 s E 
 
 |IHI NE 
 
 2211122222233122 24342344 
 
 56 NE 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 -fc3 
 
 g 
 
 i 
 
 O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0-00 0-00 O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO 
 
 o-oo 
 
 KM 
 
 s 
 
 2 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo .00 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 ii 
 
 3 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 II 
 
 4 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -02 
 
 oo 
 
 W Q> 
 
 t> 
 
 5 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 S o 
 
 8 6 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 I s 
 
 i 7 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 c , 
 o ^3 
 
 c 8 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 ll 
 
 5 9 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -03 -10 -20 -oo 
 
 01 
 
 IN 
 
 p 10 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 asl 
 
 17 11 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -10 -08 -oo 
 
 01 
 
 a*a 
 
 A 12 
 
 45 -05 -05 '03 -01 '90 '55 '10 '00 "00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 .00 -00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 -00 
 
 09 
 
 *-!?? ^ 
 
 g-fe 
 
 a is 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 -2 3 a 
 
 S 14 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 a f'3 
 
 C <D flJ 
 
 15 
 
 oo -oo -10 -15 -12 -05 -oo -co -GO -GO -oo -co -GO -oo -co -GO -co -GO -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 02 
 
 .8 8.2 
 
 o CL^S 
 
 H 16 
 
 00 -00 -00 -03 -15 2-15 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 
 
 10 
 
 ^ 
 T3 * 
 
 W 17 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo '-oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 r O fft 
 
 EH 18 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -15 -05 -oo -oo 
 
 01 
 
 n ^ 
 
 III 
 
 fr 19 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -10 -15 -12 -oo 
 
 02 
 
 1 if* 
 
 M C3 0) 
 
 20 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 'Q O fl 
 H 'E 
 
 H 21 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 3 <a ffl 
 
 o - ja 
 
 22 
 
 00 '42 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 
 
 02 
 
 fL G' a 
 
 23 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 '25 -27 '15 -12 
 
 04 
 
 a <a 
 
 ~ T3 
 
 24 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -60 -25 -10 -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 04 
 
 go 
 
 25 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -10 -is -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -05 -07 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 02 
 
 E: 
 
 26 
 
 00 -00 -00 -05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -15 -20 -22 -00 '20 '00 '00 '00 
 
 03 
 
 *b 
 
 27 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 W -fcJ 
 
 "- 1 a 
 
 28 
 
 00 -00 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 0> O 
 g ffl 
 
 29 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 5 .a 
 ,.. E 
 
 30 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 =-( 
 
 o 
 
 31 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 
 
 Means O'Ol "02 -00 '01 -01 -10 '02 -01 00 '00 '00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 "03 "02 -01 "02 -02 "02 -00 1 0'01| 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 213 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingcn 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Ifs 
 
 s 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m 
 
 til 
 
 1! 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 I. H 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 H.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 7 11 11 11 11 13 13 13 13 14 14 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 15 15 15 15 15 15 
 
 146 
 
 s E by s 
 
 
 2 
 
 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 20 20 19 17 17 17 16 16 
 
 151 
 
 s E by s 
 
 
 3 
 
 14 14 14 14 14, 14 14 14 15 22 21 21 21 25 26 26 26 26 26 26 25 25 25 25 
 
 231 
 
 s w 
 
 
 4 
 
 ><i 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 18 17 19 23 23 23 23 24 24 23 
 
 199 
 
 ss w 
 
 
 
 ~3 23 23 23 24 24 23 24 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 22 22 22 23 18 15 14 14 14 
 
 240 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 oo 6 
 
 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 25 26 26 17 14 13 
 
 183 
 
 "J 
 
 s 
 
 
 7 7 
 
 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 
 
 169 
 
 s bv E 
 
 
 02 o 
 
 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 . 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 16 16 16 
 
 184 
 
 "J " 
 
 s 
 
 
 t> 9 
 
 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 16 17 17 17 17 17 18 23 23 23 23 23 16 16 16 
 
 192 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 10 
 
 15 15 15 16 17 17 17 17 20 23 23 23 23 23 31 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 
 
 157 
 
 S S E 
 
 
 2 11 
 
 4 5 6 7 11 13 13 13 13 16 17 19 19 20 20 20 24 24 26 26 26 20 20 20 
 
 188 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 t 12 
 
 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 23 24 25 26 26 26 27 27 28 28 28 28 24 20 18 16 16 
 
 254 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 J IS 
 
 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 18 23 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 1 3 11 14 14 
 
 229 
 
 8 W 
 
 
 14 
 
 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 18 20 21 25 25 25 25 25 24 25 18 17 17 17 
 
 210 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 5 15 
 
 26 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 26 31 31 31 1 6 6 7 
 
 233 
 
 swby w 
 
 
 " 16 
 
 ~8 9 9 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 23 25 25 25 27 1 1 17 15 15 15 
 
 217 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 ^ 17 
 
 25 26 28 28 28 28 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 27 27 28 28 28 31 31 8 8 
 
 279 
 
 w by N 
 
 
 W 18 
 
 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 27 27 27 27 29 29 29 28 28 28 28 
 
 302 
 
 KW by w 
 
 
 19 
 
 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 27 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 
 
 313 
 
 K W 
 
 
 5 20 
 
 28 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 25 25 25 25 25 26 27 28 28 29 29 29 29 29 29 
 
 313 
 
 N W 
 
 
 o 21 
 
 15 15 16 16 13 28 30 30 30 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 
 
 311 
 
 N W 
 
 
 fc 22 
 
 I'l 1 21 21 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 24 24 26 26 
 
 289 
 
 W N W 
 
 
 2 23 
 
 <>4 24 24 24 24 24 24 23 22 22 22 22 22 23 23 24 24 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 
 
 261 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 ^ 24 
 
 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 23 26 26 24 24 24 24 24 
 
 247 
 
 w s w 
 
 
 25 
 
 21 21 20 17 16 16 16 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 23 
 
 233 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 26 
 
 17 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 18 18 18 18 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 
 
 208 
 
 s s w 
 
 
 5 27 
 
 1 16 15 15 16 15 15 16 16 17 17 17 20 21 24 23 23 23 22 22 22 21 21 21 
 
 215 
 
 sfl" by s 
 
 
 28 
 
 20 24 30 1 1 10 11 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 24 24 24 24 23 23 23 23 22 
 
 235 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 29 
 
 16 16 16 16 16 24 28 28 28 28 28. 28 28 28 28 28 22 22 22 23 23 23 22 22 
 
 264 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 30 
 
 22 22 20 20 25 25 25 25 26 26 25 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 24 26 26 25 25 25 
 
 276 
 
 w by N 
 
 
 31 
 
 1 -2 2 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 27 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 1 1 
 
 316 
 
 N W 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Hourly j 
 Means / 
 
 212 209 211 212 216 218 214 221 224 231 234 235 239 245 254 259 268 275 279 281 270 241 223 222 
 swbs swbs swbs swbs swbs swbs swbs sw sw swbw swbw swbw swbw wsw wbs wbs w w wbN wbN w swbw sw sw 
 
 ]235 
 
 svby w 
 
 
 !-- S | N'W 
 
 7 6 6 6 8 10 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 12 15 14 16 15 16 13 12 11 9 8 
 
 243 Obs. N w 
 
 o ! f j sw 
 
 9 10 10 12 11 9 1-2 14 14 17 17 17 17 14 12 11 11 11 11 12 14 14 13 14 
 
 306 s w 
 
 ) 5 * ,- j S E 
 
 11 12 12 10 10 11 11 9 9 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 2 2 1 1 2 4 6 6 
 
 153 s E 
 
 
 433321000000000223353233 
 
 42 N E 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo 
 
 o-oo 
 
 O 
 
 c 
 
 2 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 .00 
 
 1 
 
 ed O 
 
 3 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 O~ OJ 
 
 4 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 
 5 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo ' -oo -oo -05 -10 
 
 01 
 
 <D O 
 
 c c 
 
 ? 6 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 -w 
 
 oo 7 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 Sj 
 
 8 
 
 .00 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 13 g 
 
 S 9 
 
 10 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -10 -12 
 
 01 
 
 5 n ~3 
 
 O 10 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -o<> -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -ooi -oo 
 
 S.|| 
 
 S H 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 
 S 12 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 *S QJ ^t 
 9 C -gj 
 
 1 13 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -uo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 -2 S c 
 
 G 14 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 g gjD 
 
 55 15 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 
 16 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 "3 o *o 
 
 p 17 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 'G <K a 
 
 K 18 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -on -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 111 
 
 19 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 
 20 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 5 "''o 
 
 % 21 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 O -S.C 
 
 22 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 ^ c 
 
 g 23 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 Sg 
 
 24 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 sg 
 
 25 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -on -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 
 fa 26 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 be >. 
 
 07 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 "v ^ 
 
 28 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 5 > 
 
 29 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -40 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 02 
 
 
 30 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -01 -oo -oo -oo 
 
 ooi s^ 
 
 31 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 .00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 .00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 oo ! P 
 
 Means | O'OO '00 '00 '00 '00 '01 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '01| 0'00| 
 
 54 
 
214 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 * JK_ 
 
 e 
 ~* 2 
 
 
 
 
 >$ = 
 
 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 
 53 4> 
 
 y % 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 8.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 1H.41 1H.41 20.41 21.41 22.J1 23.41 0.11 1.41 2.11 3.11 
 
 * jS f*i 
 
 s 
 
 
 parts p. p p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 12 12 13 13 14 19 19 19 20 20 20 24 25 26 26 26 27 28 28 28 28 28 31 31 
 
 252 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 2 
 
 9 10 10 10 11 15 16 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 27 27 28 28 28 29 29 29 29 
 
 222 
 
 sw 
 
 
 3 
 
 25 24 16 16 16 16 16 16 22 22 22 22 22 22 24 24 25 26 25 25 ,25 26 26 26 
 
 248 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 S 4 
 
 22 12 9 20 19' 19 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 23 24 25 25 26 26 26 26 27 27 23 
 
 239 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 3 5 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 8 8 8 8 8 3 3 31 27 28 28 28 28 12 12 
 
 55 
 
 SE by E 
 
 
 P^ O 
 
 12 12 12 12 13 13 17 17 20 20 20 20 24 25 26 27 28 29 29 29 29 28 15 14 
 
 230 
 
 sw 
 
 
 W 7 
 
 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 18 18 18 25 27 29 30 30 30 1 1 1 
 
 237 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 PQ 8 
 
 14 14 14 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 26 27 28 28 28 28 29 29 30 
 
 245 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 1 9 
 
 10 11 11 11 11 H 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 17 23 23 25 24 2 6 11 
 
 147 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 H 10 
 
 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 14 12 12 12 12 
 
 145 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 DJ -Q 
 
 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 
 
 157 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 au 12 
 
 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 23 23 23 23 12 12 12 
 
 172 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 1 13 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 13 13 13 13 14 15 16 24 29 13 
 
 164 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 O 14 
 
 19 16 16 16 18 22 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 19 19 4 4 6 7 7 7 8 11 12 
 
 158 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 15 
 
 14 22 20 19 18 17 21 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 25 21 21 23 23 23 9 9 
 
 235 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 fe 16 
 
 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 17 21 21 21 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 25 25 25 14 14 14 
 
 284 
 
 w by N 
 
 
 17 
 
 14 14 14 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 25 25 25 25 5 6 7 7 
 
 165 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 H 18 
 
 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 22 22 22 '22 22 22 22 22 22 22 13 13 B. S. 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 EM 19 
 
 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 28 29 29 22 22 26 24 25 24 26 25 11 11 
 
 220 
 
 sw 
 
 
 fe 20 
 
 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 6 29 29 29 14 14 11 10 10 10 10 
 
 97 
 
 E by s 
 
 
 O 21 
 
 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 
 
 150 
 
 SE by s 
 
 
 to 22 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 138 
 
 SE 
 
 
 23 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 
 
 158 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 3 24 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 12 11 11 10 
 
 137 
 
 SE 
 
 
 25 
 
 10 10 99999 999666666 66666777 
 
 84 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 W 26 
 PH o7 
 
 66666666888889999997 Board Stopped 
 
 trf\ 
 
 
 
 M ^' 
 
 P 28 
 
 34444444444000 31 31 31 3-1 31 30 3333 
 
 50 
 22 
 
 NE 
 NNE 
 
 
 29 
 
 Ort 
 
 4444333 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 31 29 29 4 Board Stopped 
 
 ? 
 
 
 
 oU 
 
 
 335 
 
 NNW 
 
 
 
 oooooooooo oooo oooooooooo 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hourly f 
 Means 
 
 129 129 124 129 130 135 137 144 162 168 166 173 188 188 203 218 262 237 237 237 229 181 105 120 
 
 SEbE SEbE SEbE SKllK SE SE SE SEbs SSE Sl)K SbE sl)K sbw 8bW SSW SWbs Wbs SWbW SWbW SWbW SW S EbS SBbB 
 
 hee 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 p- s |fsw 
 
 1 1 00 00 1 1 1 2 5 6 6 9 13 17 15 15 15 13 10 64 
 
 141 Oba.N w 
 
 ^* 5 j sw 
 
 2235568 89 10 11 87762 24423112 
 
 118 s w 
 
 ? 1 8 E 
 
 21 21 21 19 19 18 16 16 17 16 14 14 13 12 11 11 9 9 9 9 8 10 14 16 
 
 343 s E 
 
 |llll NE 
 
 666666653333454422244665 
 
 107 NE 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oo 
 
 o-oo 
 
 "o c 
 
 2 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 '" a 
 
 cS o 
 
 3 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -35 -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 01 
 
 s 8 
 
 o 4 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 ?, > 
 
 5 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -DO -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 1! 
 
 " 6 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 o o 
 
 '7 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 ~ 
 
 B 8 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 si 
 
 9 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 5 a . 
 
 i -41 
 
 w 10 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 O O rn 
 
 cuo g 
 
 H ll 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 ^ a 
 
 W 12 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 *** Q ff 
 
 a? 13 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 IK 3 *J 
 
 r- Jn M 
 
 1 14 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 |fj 
 
 | 15 
 
 00 '15 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 fsj 
 
 5 16 
 
 15 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -20 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 01 
 
 *H^ 
 
 17 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 ^ a" 
 
 H 18 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo B. s. 
 
 oo 
 
 || 
 
 19 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 M O GJ 
 
 c-i 20 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 C. co .3 
 
 fe 21 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 p o 
 
 1? S 
 
 22 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 M< 2 ^ 
 
 H 23 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 .Sr 
 
 24 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -QO -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 |8 
 
 o 25 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 
 g 26 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -t'O -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 Board Stopped 
 
 oo 
 
 *fr 
 
 27 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 CO -+^> 
 
 28 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 ft) 0> 
 
 29 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00' -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 Board Stopped 
 
 oo 
 
 o 
 
 30 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo .00 -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ,a 
 
 Means O'Ol '01 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '02 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 1 0'00| 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 215 
 
 DIRECTION" AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 GottiiiKcn 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 8 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 C c 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 
 ill 
 
 If 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 3.41 Ml 7.41 8.41 0.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 1&41 17.41 18.41 18.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 B* 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 26 26 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 26 25 25 25 
 
 297 
 
 W X W 
 
 
 2 
 
 18 18 18 18 18 18 20 20 20 20 20 21 22 23 23 23 24 24 24 25 23 23 24 24 
 
 240 
 
 s w by w 
 
 
 
 
 Oi> 
 
 22 21 21 22 22 22 23 23 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 25 25 26 26 26 25 25 24 24 
 
 267 
 
 w 
 
 
 tO j 
 
 oo * 
 
 19 29 22 23 23 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 24 24 24 24 3 4 4 4 
 
 280 
 
 w by N 
 
 
 5 
 
 9 9 10 13 25 25 20 20 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 27 28 28 28 23 23 23 23 
 
 237 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 & 6 
 
 18 28 21 21 21 21 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 25 26 26 26 26 26 27 27 7 8 
 
 252 
 
 ws'w 
 
 
 to 7 
 
 19 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 22 25 25 26 26 26 28 29 29 31 31 30 4 11 11 
 
 267 
 
 w 
 
 
 8 
 
 9 9 10 10 16 18 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2 9 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 6 
 
 150 
 
 s Eby s 
 
 
 H 9 
 
 5 29 2 2 19 20 23 23 23 22 22 22 22 22 24 24 24 25 25 29 24 7 10 
 
 270 
 
 w 
 
 
 10 
 
 24 26 27 27 27 26 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 1 6 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 259 
 
 wby s 
 
 
 1 
 
 8 8 8 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 27 29 30 12 12 
 
 220 
 
 s w 
 
 
 P 12 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 19 18 18 18 18 20 22 23 24 25 24 24 19 16 17 5 
 
 190 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 & 13 
 
 9 9 99 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 15 16 27 28 31 31 12 17 16 16 30 31 31 
 
 82 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 S 14 
 
 12 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 9 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 3 1 16 6 
 
 88 
 
 E 
 
 
 15 
 
 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 21 22 22 27 30 5 7 3 
 
 192 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 H 16 
 
 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 31 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 24 27 28 2 31 12 11 10 8 
 
 22 
 
 K N E 
 
 
 g 17 
 
 8999999999999 999 27 25 25 28 11 11 11 
 
 72 
 
 EN E 
 
 
 
 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 28 31 31 1 20 12 14 15 
 
 113 
 
 ESE 
 
 
 lf) 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 19 19 19 21 21 28 24 21 20 23 16 15 15 15 
 
 186 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 20 
 
 16 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 24 24 24 24 25 25 21 18 15 16 16 15 15 
 
 205 
 
 SSW 
 
 
 21 
 
 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 20 14- 15 15 15 15 15 
 
 181 
 
 S 
 
 
 2 22 
 
 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 22 22 22 22 22 23 20 15 14 15 15 14 
 
 205 
 
 SSW 
 
 
 g 23 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 25 22 20 7 12 12 12 12 
 
 159 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 W 24 
 
 13 14 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 4 4 16 30 6 12 1 3 3 
 
 117 
 
 ESE 
 
 
 25 
 
 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 14 13 12 10 10 
 
 139 
 
 S E 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Instrument under Repair till July 1860 
 
 
 
 
 Hourly ( 
 Means 1 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 157 174 157 166 181 183 184 197 201 203 210 217 220 228 240 231 257 255 263 239 240 243 158 145 
 SSE sbE SSE sbE s s s ssw ssw ssw swbs swbs sw sw Swbw swbw wbs wbs wbs swbw swbw wsw SSE SEbs 
 
 
 
 | 19E 
 
 sby w 
 
 
 li^Ffirw 
 
 252233 2 3 44566 7 89 16 12 12 13 6644 
 
 144 Obs.NW 
 
 5 ~ f J. a } s W 
 
 8 5 8 9 11 11 12 12 13 14 14 13 14 13 10 9 5 9 8 27 4 3 1 
 
 215 STV 
 
 g B '$ O 1 j s J] 
 
 13 13 12 11 9 9 9 9 7 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 2 3 3 7 8 10 13 14 
 
 190 s E 
 
 i-lll I N * 
 
 /i > -^ o L 
 
 223322211 100002221234556 
 
 51 N E 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 
 
 o-oo 
 
 2s 
 
 2 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -03 -01 -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 * 
 
 3 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 oo -25 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -GO -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 01 
 
 w > 
 
 S 5 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 a o 
 
 S 6 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -10 -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 o i< 
 
 03 7 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 "c3 
 
 W 8 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 'a S 
 
 PQ 9 
 
 00 '06 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -08 '05 '00 -15 "00 
 
 02 
 
 s " -g 
 
 2 10 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -10 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 . o o 
 
 o H 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 * <n 
 
 12 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -is 
 
 01 
 
 o t- 
 
 1 13 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -OQ -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 n K 9 
 
 2 14 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -10 -oo 
 
 00 
 
 6 'o 
 
 5 15 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -02 -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 5 CXJ3 
 
 ^ 16 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -01 -01 -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 'S og 
 
 W 17 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -03 -oo -oo -02 -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 o 
 c3 
 
 18 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -01 -03 -01 -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 i,s 
 
 EH 19 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -oo -oo -oo -02 -oo -03 -02 
 
 00 
 
 r 2 
 
 fe 20 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 a M.S 
 
 O 21 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -10 -oo -05 -04 -10 -12 -14 
 
 02 
 
 o *> S 
 
 W 22 
 
 07 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 . -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -00 -00 -02 -02 
 
 01 
 
 5,23 
 
 23 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -03 -05 -01 -02 
 
 00 
 
 j3 QJ 
 
 g 24 
 
 03 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -10 -15 
 
 02 
 
 i? 
 
 g 25 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 '&> 
 
 
 
 
 T. i < 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 Instrument under Repair till July 1-860 
 
 
 o o 
 
 ij 
 
 
 
 
 o" 
 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 Means | O'OO "01 -00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 "00 '00 '00 -00 "00 '00 -01 '00 '01 '01 '01 '02 -02 0'00| 
 
216 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 DEPTH OF RAIN AND EVAPORATION IN INCHES 
 
 JANUARY 
 
 FEBRUARY 
 
 MARCH 
 
 APRIL 
 
 MAY 
 
 JUNE 
 
 JULY 
 
 AUGUST 
 
 SEPTEMBER 
 
 OCTOBER 
 
 NOVEMBER 
 
 DECEMBER 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night 
 
 Day 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 IJ 
 
 Pi 11 
 
 12 
 fe 13 
 & 14 
 3 15 
 16 
 
 Cu ^7 
 
 C 18 
 j 19 
 3 20 
 -4 21 
 fc 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-013 
 0-849 
 100 "023 
 
 In. In. 
 0'095 
 
 035 
 
 O'OO 9 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-007 
 
 In. In. 
 O'OOo 
 
 In. 
 
 In. 
 
 O'OiO 
 
 
 
 
 
 0-030 
 000 0-2-15 
 
 
 
 0'122 
 
 
 
 0-088 
 
 001 
 489 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O'OOS 
 
 518 
 003 
 068 
 
 
 
 
 
 034 -001 
 002 -001 
 
 -181 
 
 085 0-150 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 '970 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 042 '001 
 
 _ _ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0'580 2'3"7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 031 
 
 3'2'>7 0'173 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O'OIS 
 
 
 '3SO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0-098 -002 
 
 
 
 482 
 
 "016 
 
 1'232 "051 
 
 "090 
 
 
 _ _ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 073 
 0'033 
 
 550 '010 
 009 '002 
 
 080 
 '385 
 
 
 
 
 425 1-428 
 523 0-338 
 808 "493 
 
 E E 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 019 "125 
 '8 
 
 010 -003 
 003 
 
 '004 
 '113 
 
 "DIG "143 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 '013 '055 
 
 008 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "040 
 
 "745 
 
 006 
 
 'ISO 
 070 
 
 177 -052 
 
 
 
 
 
 3-106 1-332 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3"297 "469 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0'019 '063 
 
 
 
 
 00' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ _. 
 
 -r- 
 
 345 -036 
 020 -055 
 *Mn 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 050 -115 
 070 '538 
 668 2779 
 098 0-655 
 
 ~~ ~ 
 
 1)00 '708 
 1-833 
 
 -540 
 3-372 -280 
 0-178 '040 
 
 264 -012 
 047 -012 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 070 
 
 so 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 045 
 
 055 -073 
 200 
 
 024 -080 
 
 0-223 1-384 
 306 1-109 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sums 
 
 0-088 0-530 
 
 
 
 
 
 4-011 0-908 
 
 0-843 0-010 
 
 1-854 0-660 
 
 5-274 2-770 
 
 0'913 1-544 
 
 3-805 4754 
 
 3-222 4-493 
 
 12-907 6-558 
 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 3 9 
 
 S 10 
 11 
 
 o la 
 
 ^ 13 
 
 fc " 
 O 
 
 H 16 
 
 B 18 
 O 19 
 S 20 
 
 > 21 
 H 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-010 0-190 
 "017 "180 
 035 '095 
 017 -200 
 023 '138 
 029 cov. 
 017 "198 
 023 '241 
 018 '243 
 015 '264 
 007 -210 
 012 -175 
 017 "233 
 017 -211 
 022 "187 
 047 -268 
 039 t 
 020 
 t - 
 
 020 '235 
 010 -213 
 010 '220 
 015 "230 
 012 '229 
 017 -231 
 008 '219 
 006 "240 
 037 '243 
 019 '233 
 
 In. In. 
 
 O'OIO 4 234 
 015 '234 
 018 -230 
 015 '234 
 010 '208 
 010 -212 
 014 -214 
 007 -225 
 Oil "227 
 012 -232 
 016 -197 
 015 -291 
 008 -221 
 Oil '246 
 013 '232 
 010 '263 
 008 "222 
 014 -302 
 008 '230 
 006 '263 
 012 '280 
 022 -251 
 008 '278 
 016 "323 
 016 '266 
 022 '350 
 005 '286 
 016 '307 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-013 0-311 
 013 '296 
 028 "278 
 020 '299 
 010 -310 
 015 '304 
 010 '329 
 008 '350 
 010 -341 
 "006 '319 
 006 -281 
 005 '248 
 010 '352 
 009 -331 
 Oil "389 
 013 -310 
 008 '323 
 008 '352 
 004 '332 
 Oil "420 
 005 '345 
 007 '362 
 010 -438 
 012 '343 
 005 '469 
 019 -397 
 008 -402 
 Oil '369 
 014 -327 
 025 -410 
 019 '385 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0'015 C'389 
 007 "350 
 015 -212 
 013 "409 
 016 '374 
 026 "402 
 029 '449 
 025 '430 
 024 -441 
 029 '419 
 032 '426 
 020 "450 
 042 '384 
 028 -401 
 030 '415 
 028 '462 
 036 -412 
 033 -411 
 028 -411 
 032 -352 
 013 '378 
 021 '018 
 
 COV. COT. 
 
 cov. cov. 
 cov. '093 . 
 007 '180 
 010 -321 
 030 '276 
 031 "325 
 023 -331 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-022 0-399 
 024 '382 
 019 -419 
 023 -419 
 032 '357 
 028 -491 
 023 '423 
 028 '512 
 028 "599 
 032 '479 
 023 -310 
 019 -330 
 023 -310 
 022 '246 
 013 "377 
 017 -315 
 007 '351 
 013 -347 
 018 -360 
 051 '417 
 030 "479 
 045 '294 
 026 '395 
 037 "301 
 020 '371 
 026 '353 
 025 '345 
 026 "31)4 
 031 "386 
 041 -362 
 047 -470 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-050 0-449 
 052 "403 
 047 '390 
 039 '363 
 cov. '385 
 037 -360 
 037 '318 
 046 '407 
 012 -175 
 016 -204 
 020 '205 
 018 -200 
 027 "265 
 022 -413 
 042 '412 
 019 -421 
 032 '407 
 0211 -390 
 018 '378 
 016 -311 
 cov. -263 
 024 '280 
 023 -390 
 045 '387 
 041 '390 
 041 '361 
 '067 '385 
 024 "440 
 0*5 '647 
 051. '278 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0'025 0'478 
 027 '479 
 027 '498 
 020 "399 
 025 "498 
 0-J2 -460 
 023 '342 
 026 "460 
 025 -517 
 019 "489 
 022 cov. 
 cov. cov. 
 029 '263 
 cov. "299 
 036 '133 
 cov. '072 
 cov. '023 
 012 '187 
 cov. '317 
 014 '024 
 015 -178 
 014 '282 
 016 -357 
 026 "274 
 057 '387 
 019 "402 
 067 -360 
 052 '318 
 014 -391 
 018 "498 
 047 "383 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-020 0-408 
 029 '167 
 006 '137 
 008 '297 
 010 '341 
 018 -346 
 024 '572 
 024 '286 
 016 '384 
 030 '316 
 029 '236 
 030 '230 
 033 -365 
 027 -293 
 021 -410 
 008 -311 
 012 '190 
 015 -115 
 007 cov. 
 002 '388 
 021 -112 
 018 '259 
 047 -247 
 030 '273 
 010 -303 
 012 "329 
 048 '290 
 020 '342 
 003 -292 
 013 -336 
 008 "230 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-023 0-339 
 010 "372 
 018 -401 
 020 "324 
 cov. '285 
 007 -371 
 "030 -368 
 009 '407 
 018 -402 
 016 '235 
 013 -209 
 010 '398 
 014 '288 
 cov. -238 
 cov. '285 
 "021 -305 
 016 '285 
 018 '361 
 022 -300 
 017 '428 
 021 -302 
 019 '442 
 022 -348 
 015 '370 
 Oil -265 
 005 '100 
 cov. cov. 
 cov. '045 
 
 on -178 
 
 017 '148 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-002 0-244 
 030 "308 
 018 '300 
 Oil '311 
 013 '235 
 020 -302 
 022 -330 
 015 "264 
 027 '215 
 022 -231 
 019 "276 
 006 '252 
 005 "100 
 009 '239 
 020 '262 
 Oil '443 
 005 '270 
 Oil -335 
 009 '332 
 004 '302 
 006 "359 
 004 '450 
 007 '271 
 003 '315 
 016 -255 
 I) tr. "240 
 047 -105 
 cov. '115 
 ;003 "065 
 COT. '041 
 cov. cov. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 cov. O'llG 
 O'OIO -201 
 020 '169 
 029 -174 
 022 '293 
 032 '287 
 008 -210 
 cov. '223 
 -025 '203 
 013 -168 
 cov. -119 
 cov. cov. 
 cov. '142 
 029 '208 
 022 "075 
 cov. cov. 
 cov. '044 
 cov. "043 
 004 "123 
 004 '098 
 cov. cov. 
 cov. '054 
 cov. '147 
 008 "045 
 Oil cov. 
 
 COV. COT. 
 
 cov. '071 
 010 -185 
 1X17 '113 
 016 '143 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0'014 0-205 
 008 '218 
 006 '256 
 005 '299 
 001 -228 
 002 '223 
 010 "236 
 007 - 241 
 008 '210 
 012 '320 
 014 -277 
 013 '218 
 013 "318 
 010 '236 
 015 -250 
 016 '368 
 012 '216 
 015 '218 
 004 '344 
 015 '200 
 013 -2. 1 !!) 
 010 '230 
 "033 '248 
 027 -353 
 023 -172 
 007 '170 
 '006 -204 
 018 '209 
 00!) '234 
 010 -200 
 OOG '213 
 
 Means ... 
 
 0-019 ' 
 
 205 
 
 014 '252 
 
 012 '346 
 
 024 '354 
 
 021 '387 
 
 033 '358 
 
 027 '337 
 
 020 "294 
 
 016 -303 
 
 015 -261 
 
 010 '146 'Oil 
 
 243 
 
 
 "o 
 EH 
 
 A 
 
 co cs eo *t -t i^ 1 Ci 10 Q j; 
 
 h 
 
 9 
 
 i 
 * 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 3 
 1 
 i 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 O 
 
 dilltlfllSsSliSI 
 
 
 
 o b 
 
 H 
 
 S5 
 
 O 
 
 Q 
 
 A 
 
 1 : : llg23S : 
 
 p 
 >> c 
 1-3 * 
 
 1 
 
 Sevio-|eococOeO(M!C')--H(Mw 
 
 O ' O r- 4f - gl 
 
 
 
 tap 
 
 it 
 
 3 ^ 
 
 : : : : : : : : : : : : : ' ^ r 
 
 
 | 
 
 9i CJ ^1 *^* *~" 
 
 = Oo3oO 
 
 gR.ow.so.Ha 
 
 o o o o o o c 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 b 
 
 r- 1 
 
 ft 
 
 M 
 
 1 
 
 ' 
 
 
 : : : 2 C 
 
 3 K= E- 
 
 1 1 * S 
 
 IB 
 
 23 > 
 
 O <D r, 
 X5 C 
 
 Ci 
 
 1 
 
 i < 
 
 c ? 
 *= &< 
 
 
 I 
 
 111 ill till 
 
 liUllIlil 
 
 t Found the evaporator leaking. 
 
55 
 
218 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMAEKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OP JANUARY 1859 
 
 Date 
 
 Jottingen Mean Time 
 \OOX 
 
 Cloudy sky in Stlis 
 
 3 
 
 00 
 
 s 
 
 >1 
 
 ^ 
 
 o> 
 t 
 
 -3 
 
 | 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 
 
 Cloudy sky in Sthx 
 
 8 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 10 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8thsl 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 . 15 
 16 
 17 
 is 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 :il 
 
 cu ... ... 
 
 9 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 2 
 
 cu ... 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, I> 
 
 1 
 
 clear, D 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S 
 8 
 8 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cu-st 
 cn-hz 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 5 
 8 
 2 
 
 ovt 
 ovt ... 
 ou ... 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 eu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr-cu, or-st, hz... 
 ny-ovt 
 fl-cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz 
 on, cr-st, hz 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 ny-clear 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz, uim. 
 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 ovt 
 
 fl-cu, hz 
 
 3 
 
 ny-cu, hz 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 on, cu-st, hz 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 5 
 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, or, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz 
 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 sc-cu, cr-hz... 
 
 3 
 3 
 1 
 3 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 a 
 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz 
 It-cu, hz 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 on, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu ... 
 fl-cu 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7' 
 7 
 
 cu ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr 
 fl-cu 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-hz ... ... 2 
 cu 3 
 cu, hz, D ... .. i 2 
 
 clear, D 
 cu, cr-hz, D 
 eu, cr-st 
 cu, hz, D ... ... 
 
 cu, cr-hz, D 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-hz, D... 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 
 6 
 5 
 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz 
 fl-cu, hz 
 cu 
 
 3 
 3 
 1 
 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 fl-cu 
 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st 
 sc-cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ny-clear ... . ... 
 cu, cr-cu 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st 
 cu, hz 
 
 clear, D 
 cr-st, cr-hz, D 
 clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 clear 
 cr-hz, cu ... 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 
 b 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st 
 ny-clear 
 clear, D 
 cu, cu-st, cr, cr-hz... 
 er-cu, cu 
 
 sc-cu, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 fl-cu 
 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 sc-cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 fl-cn 
 
 cr-hz, cr-st, D 
 clear, D 
 cr-st, cr-hz, g-fg ... 
 clear, D 
 cr-st, cr-hz, D 
 clear, D 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr-st... 
 clear 
 cr, cr-st 
 en, cr-st, hz ,.. 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 cr-st, cr 
 clear 
 cr-st 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cu, hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear... 
 
 
 
 EEMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY 1859 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 
 ny-clear 
 cr, cr-st, hz... 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 hz 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear, g-fg 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear, D 
 cu, cu-st 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 clear, g-fg 
 ny-clear, g-fg 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 
 cu-hor, D ... 
 cu, cu-st, D... 
 eu, cu-st, hz 
 clear, g-fg ... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 ny-eloar 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 clear, D 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 or-st, cr-hz... 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz... ... 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 8 
 2 
 
 B 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, ou-st, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 on, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 5 
 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz, hi- . ; 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-eu, cr-st, hz... 
 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 2 
 4 
 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz, hl"S 
 cr-st, hz, hl-3) 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 eu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 5 
 5 
 2 
 4 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 on, cr-hz 
 fl-eu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 eu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 4 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz, D 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 2 
 C 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 clear 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 sc-ou, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 "l 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 
 cr, hz 
 eu, hz 
 en, hz 
 clear 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 1 
 3 
 1 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 clear 
 en 
 eu, cr 
 clear 
 cr-st,cr-hz 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st 
 en, cr 
 clear 
 cr, cr-st 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz, D... 
 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 clear 
 en, cr-st ... 
 CQ, cr, D 
 ny-clear, D... 
 cu, cr-hz, D 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr 
 en, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 en ... 
 clear 
 
 
 
 1 
 4 
 3 
 
 
 clear ... ... 
 clear ... ... i 
 ny-elear ... ... 
 cu, cr-st, \w ... 3 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 clear ... ... j 
 
 clear 
 clear ... ... 
 cu-hor, D ... 
 en, cr-hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 1 
 4 
 
 
 
 clear, D 
 cu, cu-st ... " ... 
 se-cn, D 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr 
 cu ... 
 
 
 5 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu-hor, D ... ... 
 cu, cu-st 
 sc-cu D, 
 cu, cr-hz, cu-st 
 cu, cr ... 
 
 cu-hor, D ... 
 fl-cu 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 to 
 
 1 3 
 
 E -e 
 
 'So g. 
 
 >> " ' 
 
 9*3 3 
 
 111 ' 1 I 
 
 lillijiiulllliiliiiiilillliiiJlhliHii 
 
 o'S o ^ ^ < *; 3 Sj^a^'^^a.^i ^SacflOofJ*&^.Si g -*;-*; ^ *t % 
 S TJ '-I 3 P4 > & M 3 1 2 > ^ 1 fc 1 & i 1 P. a : "A oa 8 -S -8 5 -S >' 'S 
 
MADRAS, 1859-METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 219 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY 1859 
 
 | 
 
 ot 
 
 13 
 
 I 
 
 14 
 
 a~ 
 ^ 
 
 -5' 
 s 
 _o 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 00 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 -' 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 00 
 
 z 
 
 j? 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 33 
 
 " 
 
 3 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 1!) 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 SO 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 115-5 
 110-5 
 ovt. 
 112-5 
 118-5 
 92-8 
 120-2 
 118-2 
 121-4 
 120-2 
 129-0 
 118-0 
 112-5 
 122-4 
 ovt. 
 120-9 
 122-3 
 126-3 
 124-3 
 126-6 
 128-5 
 139-0 
 135-7 
 138-7 
 141-8 
 1394 
 132-5 
 129-7 
 1363 
 135-2 
 132-1 
 
 
 
 79-9 
 80-6 
 78-6 
 82-3 
 81-4 
 79-3 
 80-3 
 80-8 
 80-6 
 79-9 
 79-7 
 80-7 
 80-1 
 79-3 
 79-6 
 81-6 
 80-1 
 80-2 
 80-3 
 80-6 
 80-4 
 80-0 
 79-0 
 79-9 
 78-9 
 79-2 
 80-6 
 80-1 
 80-6 
 81-4 
 80-7 
 
 67-4 
 74-9 
 75-6 
 74-9 
 71-8 
 73-3 
 72-7 
 70-0 
 70-4 
 68-4 
 66-4 
 69-8 
 68-9 
 67-9 
 72-2 
 75-0 
 72-9 
 68-4 
 63-5 
 70'2 
 71-2 
 66-0 
 63-4 
 63-2 
 61-2 
 62-3 
 64-7 
 66-4 
 64-7 
 66-8 
 64-0 
 
 en, hz 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 on, D 
 ovt, It 
 ovt 
 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 4~ 
 
 S 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 ovt 
 ny.ovt 
 
 -<-.!. c,l-.(, rr-lll. nim, U-II.. 
 
 ovt 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 
 H 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 4 
 8 
 6 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 ny-ovt 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 ovt 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 7 
 5 
 8 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 fl-cu, cn-st, cr-hz.. 
 ovt 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 -R 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. ... 
 
 fl-cu 
 ny-clear, V* 
 cu, cr-hz, 1) ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz. 
 clear ... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 
 (Ml. llZ .., 
 
 clear ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz.. 
 fl-cu 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st.. 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 
 7 
 3 
 4 
 
 cfl, cu-st, hz 
 ou, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu... 
 cu, cr-ou, cr-hz ... 
 hy-cu 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 4 
 1 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 1-cu, cn-st 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz .. . 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 eu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 7 
 5 
 5 
 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-et 
 fl-cn, nim 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 3 
 5 
 
 fl-cn, cr-st, hz ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu, nim 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, d-hz ... 
 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 4 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-cu, er-hz. 5 
 cu-hor ... ... 2 
 cu, hz 2 
 clear, 11 ... :0 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 4 
 cr-cu. cu ... 6 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 cu-hor ... 
 cu, hz ... 
 clear, D 
 eu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cu, hz ... 
 
 6 
 2 
 4 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr- h/ 
 cu-hor 
 fl-cu, er-st, hz 
 clear 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cn, cr-st, hz ... 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 7 
 3 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 fl-cn, cr-Bt, hz ... 
 fl-cn, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 sc-cu 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 sc-cn, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 cr-hz, cr-st, D... i 2 
 clear, 1) ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz, t?-tv 2 
 
 clear D 
 er-st, cr-hz, fir.. - 
 clear, D ... 
 
 cr-hz, cr-st, D ... 
 ny-clear, D 
 clear, g-fg 
 clear, D 
 ny-clear, fg ... 
 cu, hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 cu 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, er-hz 
 clear 
 ou, cr-hz ... 
 cu... 
 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 se-cn, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 se-eu, cr-hz 
 fl-cn, cu-st cr-hz... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 
 en, cr-hz... 
 sc-cu, cr-st 
 cu, er-st, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu 
 fl-ou, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 fl-cn, cu-at 
 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr-st ... 
 cr-st 
 clear 
 fl-cn, cn-st, cr-hz.. 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 en, hz, cu-st ... 5 
 nv-clear, f<>- ... 
 
 cu, hz ... 
 
 ny-clenr 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 en, hz 
 clear 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 sc-cu 
 
 er-st, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 sc-eu 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY 1859 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 
 cu-hor, D 
 cu, cu-st, D 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz... 
 clear, g-fg 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-hz, cu, 1) .. 
 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cn... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 cr-hz, cu, g-fg ... 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-ou ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 5 
 1 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 ny-clear .. 
 
 2 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr.hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 
 
 130-7 
 135-1 
 140-4 
 140-6 
 137-0 
 128-7 
 125-2 
 128-6 
 125-4 
 135-6 
 125-6 
 129-7 
 133-9 
 128-7 
 127-4 
 140-0 
 126-5 
 1303 
 132-5 
 134-2 
 122-7 
 126-9 
 126-2 
 126-7 
 126-3 
 125-0 
 116-0 
 124-.7 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 79-8 
 82-0 
 82-1 
 83-9 
 82-2 
 81-9 
 83-9 
 85-3 
 849 
 85-6 
 84-4 
 83-3 
 84-6 
 84-7 
 83-2 
 85-1 
 83-4 
 82-7 
 82-9 
 84-8 
 83-7 
 84-1 
 84-9 
 85-4 
 86-7 
 87-2 
 86-0 
 86-8 
 
 64-3 
 68-3 
 68-5 
 67-0 
 65-9 
 67-1 
 70-9 
 74-4 
 75-2 
 72-3 
 769 
 73-6 
 71-1 
 71-1 
 71-6 
 70-3 
 70-3 
 69-9 
 68-5 
 66-1 
 66-0 
 67-6 
 71-1 
 72-5 
 73-2 
 72-0 
 70-7 
 70-1 
 
 cu, cr-hz, D ... 
 cu, cr-hz, U ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 ovt 
 en, cr, er-hz, D... 
 cii,i-r-hz,sh-lg,SE 
 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 8 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, er-st, hz ... 
 cr-cn, cr-st, hz.. 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cu,cu-st,cr-h/., nim 
 cu, cr-cu, hz, g-fg 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 3 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-cn, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-nz, Him. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-h/., nim.. 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 cu. cu-st, cr-hz . . . 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz .. 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 cu, cn-gt, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 7 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 on, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cn, hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 7 
 
 ou, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 en. cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 
 ny-elear, I) 
 clear, D 
 cu, cr-st, D 
 cu, cr, 1) 
 ny-clear, D 
 cu, cr-hz, 1) .. 
 
 clear, D 
 cu-hor, D 
 cu, cu-st, T> ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 cu, cr-hz, cu-st.. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz, D. 
 cu, hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz, fg 
 er-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz, D 
 CH/CT-CU, cr-hz, O. 
 
 ny-clear. g-fg... 
 ny-cleur 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, cr ... 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz .. 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 eu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz .. 
 
 4 
 2 
 4 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, hz 
 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 sc-cu 
 nv-clear ... 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 ny-clear .. 
 nv-clear 
 
 
 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 sc-cn, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 cr-st, hz ..- 
 sc-cu, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st ... 
 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ou, cu-st, er-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st 
 
 cu-hor,D 
 cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 d-cr-hz... 
 ny-clear 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, er-hz ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 clear 
 
 uy-elcar ... 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE. 
 
 CO ' ^ 
 
 a .2 
 2 -e 
 
 >, '8 . & 
 
 | | | g 
 
 o S .2 ^ 1 ,_,-._, a i! I 1 -3-^g.ij.g 
 
 llllililiilflllllllilllllllllililllJIill 
 
220 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF MARCH 1859 
 
 Date 
 
 Gottingen Mean Time 
 \00\ 
 
 Cloudy sky in Sths 
 
 3 
 
 Cloudy sky in Sths 
 
 4 
 
 Cloudy sky in Sths 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 a 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 8 
 
 Cloudy sky in Sths 
 
 , 
 
 10 \ 
 
 i 
 
 t 
 
 \ 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 It-cu, cr 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz. 
 cu, cr-st 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear, D ... ... 
 clear 
 fl-cu, cu-st ... '; 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 clear ... ... I 
 clear, D 
 cu, cn-st, ... ... 
 fl-cu, cu-Bt ... ... ! 
 
 clear 
 fl-cu 
 It-cu, hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 on, cr-st 
 It-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 It-cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-st 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 It-cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-st 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 It-cu, cr-st, hz, hl-3).. 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 5 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 IT 
 
 ny-clear ... . 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 2 
 5 
 2 
 3 
 5 
 2 
 
 clear ... ... I 
 clear ... ... i 
 ny-clear .. ... < 
 clear .. ... i 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 3 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 
 2 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 4 
 7 
 2 
 
 clear 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... ' ... 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz, hl-2) ... 
 er-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, er-hz 
 cr, cr-hz, D 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... ... 2 
 cr, cr-hz ... ... ! 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... ... ', 
 cu. cr-hz 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 6 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz, 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 7 
 1 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 er-st, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 4 
 7 
 6 
 2 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cn, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, d-cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 7 
 1 
 
 cr, cr-st 
 cr-st, cr-hz, hl-Q) ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, cr-st, hi- 3 
 cr, cr-hz, D 
 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 It-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 2 
 7 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ovt ... 
 cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cr-at, d-hz 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 8 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 ovt 
 cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 5 
 4 
 
 clear 
 clear, D 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt, th, t'r-lg 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 er-st, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 2 
 8 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 cr-cu, hz, D... 
 clear, D ... .. < 
 ny-clear ... ...j ' 
 ovt ... ... ... i 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... ... '. 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, d-hz ... 
 
 
 
 en, cr-hz i 
 cu, cr-hz ... ... i 
 cu. cr-hz .. ... i 
 cu, hz ... ... : 
 
 cu, cr. cr-liz ... . 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu-Bt, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-cu, cr-st ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, hz ... 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 oil, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 t) 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 en. cr. cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF APRIL 1850 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz.... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz, sh-lg-W 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu, er-st, hz, Ig, th... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz, Ig.. 
 ny-ovt. lt-R 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 en, cr-hz, sh-lg-W ... 5 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... ; 
 ovt, sh-lg-N ... ; 
 ny-ovt ... ... 7 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 5 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ...' 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-st ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 6 
 4 
 4 
 7 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st cr-st, hz 
 cu-st cr-st, hz 
 ny-ovt .<. 
 cu, cr-st, hz, Ig-NW. 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 7 
 2 
 3 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-st, hz, Ig 
 cu-st,cr-st,hz,lg-NE. 
 en, d-hz, Ig 
 cu,cr-st,cr-hz,lg-NW 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 eu. d-hz, Ig... 
 cu, cr-st, CT-ht 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz, Ig 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 7 
 5 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cn-st, er-hz, nim. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, 
 cu, cr, er-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 en, cu-st. er-hz ... 3 
 cu, cu-st. cr-hz ... 4 
 cr-cn, cr-hz ... 6 
 ny-clear .. ... 
 cr-st. cr-hz ...: 1 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 3 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 2 
 en. cu-st, cr-hz ...I i 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 clear ... ... ( 
 clear ... ... ( 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-Bt,hz,cu-st, Ig-JJW 
 cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz, Ig 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... J 
 en, cr-st, hz ...i ' 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ...! 5 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... ' 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 2 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 5 
 
 er-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-hz ... ... 
 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 d-cr-hz, cr ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 6 
 8 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz... 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 OTt, Ig ... ' ... 
 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 
 4 
 8 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu,cn-st,cr-hz,lg-SE. 
 ovt ... 
 
 (1 
 
 4 
 
 (i 
 1 
 B 
 
 cu, cn-st 
 en, cu-st, er-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cn-st, lg-S 
 ovt. hy-R. Ig-th ... 
 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 ovt, Ig-S 
 
 ovt .. 8 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 6 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cn-st, nim, Ig-SW. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 3 
 2 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, nim, Ig-N, lt-R.. 
 en. cu-st, nim, Ig-N. 
 ny-clear, Ig-SW ... 
 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 
 
 ovt, Ig 
 ovt 
 ovt, sh-lg-NE 
 cu, cr-hz, Ig-SW ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 s 
 
 a 
 
 ovt.lg 
 ovt 
 ovt, R 
 cu, hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 3 
 
 ovt, Ig : 8 
 ovt, lt-R 8 
 en, cr-hz ... ... 5 
 cu, hz ... .. ! 
 cu, cr-hz, lt-nim ... ! .' 
 
 ny-clear, Ig-SW ... 
 
 
 
 clear, lg,SSW 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 
 EXPLANATION OP SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 2 " 
 
 g ' 
 
 1 o a 
 
 1 S I 
 
 1 fc & ? 
 
 It * 8 BC -0 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 221 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF MARCH 1859 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 p 
 
 13 
 
 ,3 
 00 
 
 a 
 
 >, 
 
 ^ 
 
 at 
 
 E*> 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 14 
 
 g 
 
 00 
 
 a 
 
 >, 
 
 M 
 
 m 
 >> 
 
 T3 
 
 | 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 H 
 ft* 
 
 M 
 
 
 >, 
 * 
 
 1 
 - 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 1 
 .5 
 
 I" 
 
 >> 
 
 s 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 2O 
 
 ^ 
 
 OTj 
 
 C 
 
 >. 
 
 ~y 
 > 
 
 V 
 
 
 _c 
 
 
 
 92 
 
 00 
 
 _a 
 
 r-. 
 
 " 
 >> 
 
 13 
 
 S 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. 
 
 Jlin. 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 :u 
 
 fl-cu 
 clear 
 en, c 
 en, h 
 
 
 4 
 
 cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 1 
 6 
 8 
 
 cu 
 fl-cu 
 cu, hz 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz.... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 5 
 4 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 en, cn-st 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 
 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 118-3 
 112-5 
 115-7 
 122-2 
 130-5 
 122-7 
 123-1 
 116-7 
 116-7 
 119-4 
 114-7 
 113-5 
 122-4 
 123-6 
 130-2 
 117-3 
 103-7 
 138-6 
 124-5 
 116-9 
 125-3 
 124-4 
 135-5 
 125-6 
 122-2 
 128-5 
 124-5 
 128-7 
 124-6 
 130-4 
 131-8 
 
 
 
 85-7 
 86-2 
 89-1 
 91-3 
 88-8 
 90-4 
 90-8 
 88-0 
 87-3 
 88-6 
 88-0 
 87-4 
 91-6 
 92-6 
 93-9 
 91-5 
 87-2 
 87-1 
 87-4 
 87-2 
 88-6 
 88-3 
 89-3 
 91-3 
 90-7 
 91-2 
 91-7 
 90-7 
 89-8 
 91-5 
 89-4 
 
 70-3 
 69-8 
 74-9 
 76-9 
 77-8 
 76-3 
 75-3 
 74-8 
 74-3 
 74-4 
 74-2 
 73-4 
 73-5 
 74-2 
 74-3 
 74-4 
 74-3 
 73-2 
 72-3 
 71-3 
 72-1 
 71-8 
 74-8 
 77-7 
 76-1 
 77-0 
 76-8 
 76-0 
 75-3 
 76-9 
 80-3 
 
 r-hz 
 z ... 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz .. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz .. 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 cu-hor 
 clear 
 clear ... 
 ny-clear 
 cu-hor ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz, D 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 e 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz .. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ny-elear ... 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 5 
 2 
 3 
 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 er-st, cr-hz 
 er-st, hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr, cr-hz ... 
 or, cr-st, cr-hz... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-st,cr-hz,D 
 
 2 
 3 
 6 
 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 
 or, cr-st, cr-hz . 
 cr-hz, cr 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz . 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-cn . 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st . 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 5 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz. ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 4 
 (i 
 
 6 
 4 
 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st .. 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz .. 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz .. 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 7 
 4 
 
 cr, cr^st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cn, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-gt, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 5 
 4 
 6 
 7 
 3 
 
 t-cu, cr-st, hz ,.. 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-et, cr-hz . 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 6 
 7 
 2 
 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cr-cu, hz 
 cr, cr-hz, D ... 
 eu, cr-st 
 ovt 
 
 cu, cr-et, cr-hi, hi-"?) 
 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 8 
 4 
 
 clear ... 
 cu, hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 d-hz, cu 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-nr. 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 1 
 4 
 
 e 
 
 5 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 
 4 
 I 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 t-cn, cr-st, hz ... 
 cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz, cr-st. 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 
 3 
 7 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st.. 
 cr-hz,.cr-st 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 d-cr-hz, cr-ou . . 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz, nim, SE 
 en, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-hz... 
 cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 eu, cu-st ... 
 
 e 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu, hz... 
 en, eu-st ... 
 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 t 
 
 cr-eu, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 
 6 
 4 
 2 
 4 
 4 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF APRIL 1859 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 to 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 4 
 
 sc-cu, hz ... 
 
 I 
 
 sc-cu, hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 
 122-3 
 124-0 
 119-3 
 128-6 
 134-4 
 112-3 
 111-9 
 114-4 
 113-3 
 118-7 
 112-6 
 117-9 
 117-7 
 111-8 
 113-6 
 130-5 
 115-7 
 111-8 
 111-9 
 
 
 
 88-5 
 89-6 
 88-1 
 88-9 
 93-1 
 92-6 
 91-6 
 91-4 
 91-8 
 92-0 
 92-1 
 92-5 
 94-6 
 92-4 
 92-3 
 92-5 
 91-9 
 93-6 
 92-7 
 91-6 
 93-8 
 87-3 
 83-8 
 86-9 
 88-6 
 86-8 
 88-9 
 88-8 
 92-4 
 
 79-2 
 79-3 
 79-3 
 77-8 
 79-3 
 79-6 
 78-8 
 78-9 
 79-0 
 76-4 
 78-3 
 78-9 
 79-1 
 77-5 
 77-1 
 78-0 
 78-3 
 78-8 
 79-2 
 76-1 
 75-6 
 79-7 
 76-0 
 79-0 
 77-3 
 77-7 
 80-2 
 80-2 
 77-0 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 ovt 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-cu, hz ... 
 cn,cr-cu, cr-st... 
 
 4 
 8 
 5 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, nim, R 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr, cr-st f cr-he. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 5 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 eu, cu-st, cr-hz . v 
 
 6 
 
 e 
 e 
 a 
 
 c, 
 
 4 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 5 
 4 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 an, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cu-st, or-st .. 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr, er-hz 
 1-cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim ... 
 en, cu-st, hz ,.. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu-st, hz ... ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st ... 
 
 6 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 cr-eu, d-cr-hz... 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-st 
 cu 
 clear ... 
 
 6 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 eu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 clear 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz... 
 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu, ou-st 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 E 
 B 
 I 
 i 
 \ 
 t 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 on, en-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 on, cr-hz ... ... 
 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 7 
 3 
 3 
 
 1-cu, cn-st 
 en, eu-st ... . ... 
 3u, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 1-cu, cu-st 
 cu, er-hz 
 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 
 cr-st, hz .. ,.. 
 cu, hz ... 
 cr-st, hz ... ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... ,.. 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz... ,.. 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 1 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, er-hz, 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 en, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz, nim 
 
 2 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 6 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, er-st, cr-hz... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 ny-clear 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz, nim 
 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 fl-cn, cu-st 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 ovt 
 
 5 
 7 
 (i 
 S 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 ovt-R 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 en, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 su, cr-hz, cr 
 I-cr-hz, cr 
 Dvt 
 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 8 
 
 cr-on, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 er, cr-hz ... 
 d-cr-hz, cr 
 ovt 
 
 2 
 6 
 2 
 3 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ovt 
 ovt, hy-R, Ig, th 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, nim... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, nim... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 2 
 C 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 ovt.lt-R... 
 
 b 
 
 s 
 
 t 
 E 
 
 (i 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, nim ... 
 3-cu, cn-st 
 J-cu, cu-st 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 
 3Vt 
 
 :u, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 Dvt, th-lt-R 
 1-cu, cu-st . ... 
 1-cu, cu-st, nim... 
 ju, cr, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 
 ovt 
 ovt ... ... 
 en, cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz .. 
 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st.. 
 en, cr-hz, 
 
 lt-cr, cr-st 
 
 li 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st, nim., 
 fl-cn, cu-st, nim... 
 cr, cr-st ... 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 g "a 
 
 1 I 
 o O " 
 
 $ s -a 
 
 111 8? t 
 
 jipill| H lf!|!ili^i!!i!mii1liM1ii!i 
 
 1 ? 8 Sei^^ic4^dJj: i 3 1 .S d i> sj 1 ss 1 & 8 1 S. pi " 5 g -S 3 3 >: 
 
222 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMAEKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 1859 
 
 Bate 
 
 Gottingen Mean Time 
 NOON 
 
 CloudyskyinSths 
 
 2 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 4 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 
 
 CloudyskyinSths 
 
 8 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 c 
 
 '1 
 t 
 
 n3 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 April 30 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 90 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 cu-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 cu-st, Ig-NW 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear, sh-lg-W, N 
 
 ny-clear, 
 ny-clear, 
 cu, cu-st ... ... 
 cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz, Ig-SW. 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 2 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 2 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st, ... ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, 
 ny-olear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-ovt, th-NE 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 7 
 2 
 
 on, cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, Ig-W 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 G 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear, sh-Ig-SW... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 hz-hor 
 ny-ovt, Ig-SW 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 7 
 1 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear ,. ... 
 cu, cu-st ... ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz, ... 
 
 3 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 ny-olear 
 cu-st, hz 
 cu-st, hz ... ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 4 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 cu-st cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 
 cu-hor 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu-hor 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... ... 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, hz ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 
 |hy-R 
 ny-ovt, fr-viv-lg, id-th, 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz, hl;j) ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu,cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 
 "7 
 5 
 2 
 
 7 
 2 
 2 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 or, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cn-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cu, or-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st,cr-st,lg-W,NW 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 cu-st,cr-6t,lii, lg-W,NW 
 
 ny-clear, Ig-W, NW. 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 cu, cr, cr-hz, Ig-SW. 
 en, hz, Ig-SW 
 
 2 
 2 
 I 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 
 2 
 2 
 6 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz 
 on, cr, cr-hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, mm. 
 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz,lg-SW 
 cu-st, cr-stj... 
 cu-et, hz, Ig-NW ... 
 cr-cu, d-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 e 
 
 (i 
 i 
 
 2 
 G 
 
 en, cr-st, hz, Ig-W... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz, Ig-S 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz, lg-S,SW 
 
 3 
 8 
 
 6 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz, Ig-W... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, fr-lg-SW ... 
 
 1! 
 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz... 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,fr-]g-SW. 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,lg-SW 
 cu, cu-st, Ig-WS ... 
 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, fr-lg-W ... 
 cu, cr-hz, lg-S 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-it. cr-hi, fr-lg-W, S-W ... 
 
 cu, cr-hz, lg-S 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz, Ig-NW. 
 en, cr-st, lg-S 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 hy-cu-st, hy, nim, th 
 cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz, Ig-W 
 cn-st,. cr-st, hz, Ig-W 
 
 a 
 
 2 
 
 cr-st, cu, hz, Ig-NW. 
 cu, cr-st, hz, lg-S ... 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1869 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, th-W ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, 
 cn-st, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz, Ig-W... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 
 2 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz, Ig-SW.. 
 cn,cr-hz,nim,sh-lg-S. 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 hy-cu, cn-st, hz 
 
 2 
 6 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ovt, sh-lg-NW 
 cu-St, cr-st, hz 
 hy-cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 
 2 
 8 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ovt . . ... . 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 hy-cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, Ig-NE 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 ovt,R,th,sh-lg.NE,W 
 ovt ... 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz, nim. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, d-hz, cr-st ... 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 2 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz, Ig-W 
 en, cr-st, d-hz 
 
 7 
 3 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz 
 hy-cu, d-hz, Ig-SW . 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 8 
 
 R 
 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu,cr-liz, Ig- 
 cu, cr-st v d-hz . [SW 
 ovt ... 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st,cr-cu,cr-hz. 
 cu,cu-st, cr-hz, nim, R 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, H-R 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt, sh-lg-NW 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 cu-st, cn-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 1 
 6 
 
 ovt, Ig 
 ny-ovt 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 ovt,lt-E,dis-th,lg-E, SW 
 cu, hz 
 en, cu-st, nim 
 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 4 
 7 
 
 ovt ... 
 cr-st cr-hz, d-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... BW-th] 
 cu, cu-st, nim, Ig-NW. 
 
 8 
 
 (i 
 7 
 r, 
 7 
 7 
 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz, ]g... 
 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 
 ovt ... ... ... 
 ny-ovt ... ,.. 
 cr-cu, hz 
 cr, cu-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 8 
 4 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 hy-cu,hz, nim, th-NE 
 ny-ovt, R, lg-th ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, d-cr-hz. 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 6 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 3 
 2 
 
 ovt, Ig-SE ... 
 ny-ovt, Ig-W 
 cn-st, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cr-cn, cr-st, d-cr-hz . 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 3 
 
 
 ny-ovt, Ig-SE 
 
 7 
 
 
 8 
 
 S 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 R 
 
 cr-st,cr-hz,cu,hl-3)... 
 
 ovt, H-R ... [SW. 
 cn-st, cr-st, d-hz, Ig- 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cn-st 
 ny-clear 
 
 8 
 5 
 7 
 1 
 
 
 ovt, Ig-NW, H-R ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz, Ig ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 2 
 6 
 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 fl-cn, hz, Ig-SW ... 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,mm,lg 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 1 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 en, cu-st, nim 
 cu, er-st, cr-hz 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 
 2 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 EXPLANATION OP SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVK 
 TABLE 
 
 r. *~ " 
 
 go a 
 S 1 
 
 US S 1 
 
 lijiM^HHllMil^MlUlhillllhl^m 
 
 1? s 3d4%3ti3fz<* i a j di s : j);* -I* W 1 & s 1 a -i. : a! -s -s : 5 i >i 1 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 223 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 1859 
 
 1 
 P 
 
 19 
 
 i 
 
 ^g 
 
 >t 
 
 M 
 
 .-, 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 
 _o 
 5 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 ja 
 >, 
 
 s 
 
 P* 
 
 n3 
 p 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 1G 
 
 ! 
 
 1 
 >. 
 
 Tl 
 3 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 18 
 
 jz 
 
 00 
 
 a 
 j? 
 
 w 
 
 >, 
 n3 
 ff 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 00 
 
 .5 
 -. 
 
 3 
 
 >t 
 
 T3 
 
 1 
 
 O 
 
 M 
 
 5 
 
 00 
 
 .9 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 >t 
 
 'O 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 30 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 117-6 
 
 128-3 
 129-4 
 141-5 
 121-7 
 126-9 
 
 109-1 
 103-4 
 102-6 
 106-8 
 108-5 
 131-2 
 120-2 
 128-4 
 127-5 
 128-3 
 117-3 
 109-9 
 127-5 
 128-3 
 129-8 
 135-7 
 130-5 
 
 
 
 93-7 
 92-2 
 96-1 
 98-5 
 94-3 
 926 
 96-8 
 94-7 
 100-5 
 1050 
 103-5 
 97-8 
 95-7 
 93-5 
 96-1 
 94-6 
 92-4 
 93-0 
 93-5 
 94-0 
 102-3 
 101-1 
 93-0 
 95-0 
 93-1 
 96-4 
 93-9 
 93-5 
 99-0 
 101-2 
 
 100-1 
 101-1 
 
 77-7 
 79-5 
 79-3 
 78-9 
 81-4 
 81-3 
 78-0 
 80-7 
 82-0 
 82-1 
 81-7 
 81-2 
 82-1 
 81-8 
 77-0 
 79-3 
 81-1 
 81-0 
 81-4 
 80-5 
 80-8 
 82-4 
 74-2 
 81-1 
 80-1 
 82-0 
 81-4 
 82-0 
 82-0 
 81-1 
 81-9 
 82-0 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 ca, cr-st 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 4 
 2 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 clear ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 3 
 2 
 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 clear ' 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 
 clear ... ... 
 cr-hz-hor 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, hz 
 ny-clear .. ... 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 ou, cu-st, hz 
 fl-cu 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu-st, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu-hz ... 
 cr-cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 clear 
 en, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cr-cu, hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 clear ... 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 6 
 
 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 ny-clear 
 cr-cu 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 3 
 3 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 cr, hz 
 cr-hz, ou ... 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 clear 
 cr-hz ... . 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 cn-hor 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cn-st, hz ... 
 cu-st, hz 
 cu-st, hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 clear ... 
 clear ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 clear ... 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 cu, hz ... 
 cu, hz ... 
 cu, cr 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 clear ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 
 clear 
 cu, hz ... ... 
 cu, cr 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 clear 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 clear 
 sc-cn, hz ... 
 cu, hz 
 sc-cn 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr-hz, or-st 
 
 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 clear 
 sc-cu, hz ... ..; 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 cu-st 
 cu-st 
 en, hz 
 cu-st, hz ... 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 3 
 
 sc-cu, hz 
 
 2 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 ny-ovt,... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-sfc, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, 
 cu, hz ... [cr-hz 
 cu-lior... 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 2 
 7 
 2 
 2 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz, en., 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 
 MI, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-ht ... 
 
 cr-cu, cn-st, hz. 
 cu, cr-hor 
 
 6 
 8 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 1 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr, It-cu ... 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st, cu. 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cu ... 
 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 
 cr-cu, hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st, cu. 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, cr-st.. 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 6 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st, cu 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-hor .., 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 H-cr, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-hz 
 It cr, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 clear. 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 
 3 
 
 
 2 
 
 cu, hz 
 sc-cu 
 cn-hz ... ... 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 en, hi, hy.cn, NW, iiitn, th... 
 
 cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1859 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 2O 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 8O 
 
 cr-et, cr-hz, en., 
 ovt 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz, cu.. 
 cu, cr-cu, hz ... 
 It-or-st, cr-hz... 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz, cu ... 
 ny-ovt 
 It-cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 3 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 C 
 
 G 
 
 cr-cn, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 ny-ovt 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 en, cu-st ... 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 119-8 
 120-6 
 122-9 
 116-1 
 116-6 
 123-6 
 130-3 
 115-2 
 ovt. 
 106-6 
 107-5 
 106-3 
 
 127-5 
 
 121-2 
 119-3 
 115-1 
 115-5 
 120-9 
 130-3 
 123-7 
 131-7 
 124-4 
 132-6 
 125-3 
 109-1 
 
 
 
 100-6 
 100-2 
 99-6 
 100-5 
 98-5 
 
 100-0 
 
 95-9 
 92-8 
 93-6 
 93-3 
 93-7 
 94-2 
 94-3 
 96-7 
 97-0 
 99-4 
 100-0 
 100-0 
 99-7 
 98-2 
 94-7 
 95-3 
 98-9 
 97-9 
 99-6 
 100-5 
 lOO'O 
 97-2 
 95-3 
 91-9 
 
 83-6 
 84-1 
 83-1 
 77-8 
 77-5 
 81-3 
 81-0 
 80-9 
 78-6 
 80-2 
 78-8 
 78-0 
 80-2 
 78-8 
 80-8 
 79-1 
 81-9 
 81-1 
 77-7 
 77-9 
 77-1 
 79-2 
 78-0 
 79-5 
 SO-5 
 31-1 
 795 
 30-4 
 30-6 
 30-1 
 
 cu, c 
 ovt 
 ny-o 
 cu, c 
 ovt 
 ovt, 
 
 r-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 vt 
 r-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 cr, cr-st, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 7 
 5 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 
 cr-st, d-cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 7 
 5 
 4 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cr-st, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 
 6 
 4 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 
 5 
 3 
 6 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st ... 
 ovt 
 cu, d-hz ... 
 ovt 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 It-E 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt... 
 ny-ovt ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz, cu.. 
 en, cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 3 
 6 
 5 
 
 ny-ovt... 
 ny-ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt ... 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hi _ 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 3 
 7 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 cr-cn, d-cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 8 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 on, cr-hz ... 
 cr-en-cn, cr-hz ... 
 BC-CU, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 a 
 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 uy-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-at, hz. 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 ny-ovt... 
 cr-st, cr-hz, cu.. 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 en, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 4 
 6 
 2 
 
 ovt 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 ovt ... . . 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 
 2 
 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 en. cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 8 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-cu ... 
 ovt 
 cr-st, d-cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 4 
 8 
 6 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cr-st, d-cr-hz-cu... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 7 
 4 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-hz, en ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 clear ... ,., 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 cr, cr-st ... 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 ovt 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 8 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 ny-ovt... 
 ovt 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 en, cr-cu, cr-st.. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 8 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 7 
 
 ca, cr-cn, or-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 on, cr, cr-hz 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 5 
 6 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 en, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr, d-hz 
 cr, d-er-hz 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 4 
 7 
 8 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 i 3 
 
 f'h ! 
 1 i 1 g 1 
 
 lii'l -111- 1 1 1 1 ^ ^ I I -a i fi 1 " 1 i I I -a 1 , I f I i i i i p ? 1 
 
 H|U4MH^HMM^H5lrU|H!vMHiMrM 
 
 1 i I gp-ai^^^^ai a j a . -# i *i I & s 1 a i t a! s-s ^55 ^ -P &= 
 
224 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 EEMABKS ON THE WEATEEE FOE THE MONTH OF JULY 1859 
 
 Date 
 
 Gottingen Mean Time 
 \00\ 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 3 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8th 
 
 4 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths< 
 
 O 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 8 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 10 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 3O 
 31 
 
 en, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu-st, hz ... ... 
 
 7 
 5 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-et, hz 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 en, cr-st, hz, lg-SW.. 
 on, hz, lg-SW 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz, lg-SW. 
 en, cr-st, hz, lg-SW'. 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 ou, cr-st, cr-hz 
 on, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, er-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 on, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz, Ig-NW.. 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 en, ci-st, hz 
 on, cr-st, hz 
 on, cu-st, cr-st, lg-W 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 hy-cu, st, en 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 7 
 
 clear 
 cu-hor 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu, cu-st, er-st, lg-W 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, er-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz, lg-SW ... 
 
 1 
 3 
 1 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 ou, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz, Ig-NW .. 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 2 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 
 eu-st, cr-st, hz 
 ny-ovt, dis-th 
 ovt, R, r-b 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 8 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 S 
 
 cu-st, cr-st,hz,lg-SW 
 ovt, viv-lg, th, E ... 
 en, cn-st, nim 
 hy-cu-st,cr-st,hz, Ig- 
 ovt [NW 
 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 8 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, lg-SW,S 
 ovt, hy-K, Ig, hy-ps-th. 
 ovt ... 
 
 fl-cu, cu-at, cr-ht, Him, Ig-NW .,. 
 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz, lg-W... 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-cr-hz ... 
 ovt, It-B, Ig 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, R 
 ny-ovt ... < ... 
 ovt, E, sh-lg-N 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 eu,cr-st,cr-hz,lg-NW 
 ovt, Ig-th 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt, fr-th, Ig, N, SE,R.. 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 ovt, B 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt .. 
 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 eu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ovt, lt-R 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 ovt, lt-E 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... ... ... 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 6 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 
 
 ovt, lt-R 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 R 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 ovt ... ... .' 
 ovt, K ... , 
 ovt ... ... ' . .>. 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt, ... 
 ovt, ... 
 ovt, ... 
 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 
 
 
 ny-ovt ... ... 
 ou, or, cr-hz 
 on, d-cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 8 
 7 
 4 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 cu, d-hz 
 en, d-hz 
 cu, d-hz 
 cu, hz ... ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 8 
 6 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt ... ... 
 ovt, lt-R 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 5 
 4 
 7 
 8 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 3 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 hy-cu, hz, nim 
 cn-st, cr-cn. cr-st,hz. 
 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 ou, cu-st, er-st 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 6 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, ;hz, sh-lg-S.. 
 
 en, cr-st, er-hz 
 
 5 
 
 EEMABKS ON THE WEATHEE FOR THE MONTH OF AUGUST 1859 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 i7 
 18 
 19 
 90 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, or-st, hz ... 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 6 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-st, hz .. 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 5 
 2 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, Ig... 
 cu-hor, Ig ... 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, or, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 6 
 5 
 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz, Ig... 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz, Ig 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 2 
 3 
 6 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim, Ig. 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz ... ... 
 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 2 
 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 ny-ovt, E, sh-lg-W .. 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 3 
 5 
 
 clear 
 or -en, cr, er-hz 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 ou-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st hz ... 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 8 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz, lg-SW, S 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 
 2 
 6 
 2 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, sh-lg-N A . . 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz, Ig-S 
 
 2 
 4 
 1 
 7 
 8 
 4 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, or-cn, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz, fr-sh-lg-N \V . 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz... 
 en, eu-st, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 6 
 4 
 
 cr-on, cr, cr-hz 
 cr-hz, cr-st... ... 
 cu, er-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 7 
 4 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim, th-SW . 
 cn-t, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 6 
 5 
 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-ovt ...'" ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz... " i."" 
 cu, cr-st ... .' 
 ovt 
 ovt ... ... i, 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 2 
 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-ovt, hy-ps-th.lg-SW. 
 
 cu, d-hz, lg-SW ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 
 eu, cr-st, hz 
 
 fl-cu, cn-gt, rr-ln. nim, fr-tg 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cn, cr-hz,lg 
 ny-ovt 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim, Ig 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 2 
 5 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 
 4 
 8 
 3 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 eu, cu-st, cr-cu, d-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 en, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu-st, cr-st-hz 
 
 7 
 6 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-hz, mm 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cn, d-hz 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 on, cu-st, nim 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 4 
 
 ovt ... 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 2 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 
 ovt, Ig 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 8 
 5 
 7 
 7 
 
 ovt, Ig 
 en cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt ... ... 
 ovt ... ... 
 
 8 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 
 ovt 
 en, er-st 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt ... 
 
 cu, CT.CU, er.hi, nim, ih-!gr,NE... 
 
 cu, cr-hz, sh-lg-NW. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cu,cr-hz, sh-lg,SE 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 . 3 
 
 cu-st, or-st, d-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 
 6 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 cu, en-st, hz 
 ovt, Ig-N 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 
 4 
 8 
 5 
 
 en, hz 
 .ovt, E, Ig-N E 
 cu, nim, lg-S 
 
 2 
 8 
 6 
 
 en, cu-st, nim, Ig-th . . 
 ovt, fr-lg-N E 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz, lg-S E . 
 
 5 
 8 
 6 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 ovt 
 ovt ... 
 cu, er-st, cr-hz 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVS 
 TABLE 
 
 3 
 
 o Z 
 
 E a 
 
 >, '3 .2 a 
 1 I 
 
 > o 3 >* * 
 *o fc S ' 
 
 1 1 1 \ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r * 1 1 1 i i i 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 j I i i 1 1 1 
 
 S^So 8 -3 S 8 -8 to <E S>.a.a.e,a.2a:3 8 a a o 5 e. p, P E 8 S If C 5 >? 
 1 TS | gfi^l^W^^wi si ^ J .S ^ J* . 1 J ill S, i t a! S 4 i! 3 3 % & 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 225 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JULY 1859 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 13 
 
 00 
 
 t* 
 ^ 
 
 >. 
 
 3 
 _0 
 
 O 
 
 14 
 
 ~ 
 
 00 
 
 _g 
 >, 
 
 % 
 >> 
 
 1 
 
 s 
 
 10 
 
 00 
 
 s 
 
 >> 
 M 
 
 >. 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 18 
 
 J3 
 00 
 
 _g 
 
 >: 
 M 
 
 to 
 >> 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 ft 
 
 ]? 
 
 (O 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 88 
 
 ao 
 
 
 J? 
 
 >, 
 
 T3 
 3 
 
 
 5 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. 
 
 Miu. 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 IO 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 
 no 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 IO 
 
 31 
 
 cr-it, c 
 
 -hi, .h.lg, NW.E 
 
 2 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz,niin 
 
 6 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, nim... 
 
 6 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 cu-st, hz ... 
 
 6 
 
 119-8 
 113-2 
 110-8 
 128-6 
 111-3 
 108-3 
 132-5 
 129-6 
 130-0 
 124-4 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 114-6 
 1133 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 104-3 
 108-6 
 ovt. 
 108-1 
 108-4 
 108-7 
 106-6 
 114-2 
 112-7 
 112-3 
 115-4 
 120-4 
 116-9 
 126-7 
 
 
 
 94-4 
 93-2 
 94-8 
 93-S 
 93-1 
 94-2 
 95-4 
 94-9 
 96-4 
 926 
 90-2 
 86-5 
 90-2 
 92-8 
 88-9 
 80-9 
 829 
 88-7 
 91-8 
 89-5 
 90-3 
 92-2 
 94-8 
 93-8 
 96-1 
 97-6 
 96-6 
 97-0 
 97-8 
 95-5 
 95-6 
 
 79-5 
 81-1 
 80-1 
 79-1 
 797 
 79-9 
 80-1 
 81-0 
 81-0 
 79-9 
 76-4 
 75-1 
 77-0 
 76-3 
 78-5 
 76-0 
 76-s 
 
 765 
 76-9 
 78-0 
 77-5 
 76-4 
 77-6 
 79-1 
 80-4 
 78-9 
 80-8 
 80-9 
 80-6 
 80-6 
 80-7 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz , 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr ... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr-Bt, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz .. 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 
 fi-cu 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz,nim 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, hz 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 5 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu-hor 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, or, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-st 
 cu, hz 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu-st 
 cu-st, or-st, hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt, fr-th, R ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 ovt, R, th 
 ovt 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz . 
 
 en, cr-cu, cr-st,hz. 
 ovt 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 e 
 
 5 
 8 
 
 cu, cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, R, th 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-st, cr-hz . 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 4 
 8 
 
 fl-cu, hz ... ... 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, dis-th 
 cr-cu, or-hz 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 4 
 8 
 
 cu, Ou-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, nim ... 
 on, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 8 
 6 
 
 4 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 ovt 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 
 ovt 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cu, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 cr-cn, d-cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-cn ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 ovt, R 
 ny-ovt 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 ovt 
 d-cr-hz, er-cu ... 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 iiy-o 1 
 en, c 
 cu, c 
 cr-at 
 cu, c 
 cu, c 
 
 ft . 
 
 7 
 
 
 8 
 5 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 2 
 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz, cr ... 
 ovt 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 5 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 d-cr-hz, or-cu ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 6 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-cu, or-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 7 
 3 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, cu-st, nim ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 6 
 4 
 5 
 
 r-hz 
 r-cu, cr-hz. 
 cr-hz 
 r-st, cr-hz.. 
 r, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz, cr .. 
 ovt 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz .., 
 
 cu, cr-st, or-hz.. 
 
 4 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 cr-st, cr, d-cr-hz .. 
 
 6 
 
 cr-st, cr, d-cr-hz .. 
 
 6 
 
 d-cr-hz, cu 
 
 7 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 5 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF AUGUST 1859 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 no 
 
 31 
 
 cu, c 
 cu, c 
 ovt 
 cu, c 
 en, ci 
 
 ~-hz 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 6 
 2 
 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 ovt ... 
 cr-cu, hz 
 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 2 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 5 
 6 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 
 on, cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-cn, cr-st, hz. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st, nim,th-N W 
 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 129-5 
 115-8 
 122-2 
 110-5 
 128-9 
 140-7 
 119-9 
 112-7 
 121-1 
 115-0 
 120-5 
 115-5 
 113-0 
 124-4 
 135-1 
 133-5 
 121-5 
 102-4 
 ovt. 
 122-5 
 Kain 
 109-6 
 115-6 
 117-2 
 110-3 
 116-5 
 110-5 
 115-8 
 122-4 
 H7-1 
 110-9 
 
 
 
 92-3 
 90-3 
 89-4 
 90-6 
 92-8 
 93-9 
 90-6 
 90-1 
 95-4 
 89-2 
 92-2 
 90-5 
 87-9 
 91-8 
 92-3 
 90-7 
 91.9 
 86-5 
 85-1 
 92-7 
 90-1 
 90-5 
 91-5 
 92-8 
 93-2 
 96-0 
 93-4 
 95-4 
 94-3 
 95-3 
 89-4 
 
 79-8 
 81-2 
 75-9 
 78-9 
 78-1 
 79-1 
 78-1 
 78-5 
 78-8 
 79-0 
 78-1 
 77-1 
 76-8 
 76-8 
 76-9 
 76-8 
 79-4 
 77-9 
 78-8 
 76-6 
 77-9 
 77-8 
 78-9 
 79-8 
 793 
 78-7 
 80-3 
 80-2 
 79-2 
 78-9 
 78-9 
 
 -st, or-hz . 
 
 -hz 
 
 8 
 3 
 3 
 
 ovt 
 
 cu, cr-hz, nim .. 
 cr-cu, hz 
 
 
 
 cu, hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz . 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz . 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz . 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cu, or-st, cr-hz . 
 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 5 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 
 
 6 
 3 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 en, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 d-cr, cr-hz, cr-cu . 
 cr, cr.st, d-cr-hz .. 
 ovt 
 
 5 
 5 
 4 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, er-hz ... 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cu-st, d-cr-hz.. 
 en, d-cr-hz 
 
 6 
 4 
 5 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 en, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 
 4 
 6 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 ovt 
 
 4 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 cr, er-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cr, cr-hz ... ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 fl-cu, eu-st, cr-hz . 
 en, cu-st, nim, R... 
 en, cu-st ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 5 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim,th-NW 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-st. 
 cu, cu-st, nim, th-N.. 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt . 
 
 5 
 4 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-st 
 ny-ovt ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 cr-cn, cr, cr-hz. 
 ovt ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cr, cr-hz, cu ... 
 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 
 cr-cu, or, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt, It-R ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-hz, nim ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-hz, nim ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-Bt, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 5 
 
 ovt 
 
 ovt 
 en, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu, er-st, hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-cn, d-cr-hz . 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-on, cr-hz .. 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cr 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, cr-st. 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 8 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 
 cu-st, cr-Bt, d-hz... 
 ny-ovt 
 :l-cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 
 -st, cr-hz . 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 IXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN TUB ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 > '3 *z 
 
 111 
 
 I|lli|l!ull|i|l|jifiill!n!liill1iiiru 
 
 111 g Q ^ | J C i ~ o 3 y ^ 1 ^ | Ztl&ix-f^tA^J-.S i % & 
 
 57. 
 
226 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 1859 
 
 Date 
 
 jottingen Mean Time 
 NOOiX 
 
 1 
 
 >> 
 
 ^5 
 
 >> 
 
 T3 
 
 | 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 i 
 
 .3 
 
 -. 
 
 S 
 
 i 
 
 j 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 ja 
 
 
 g 
 > 
 
 3 
 | 
 
 ~ 
 
 
 
 
 CO 
 2 
 
 >. 
 ^ 
 <x> 
 > 
 
 I 
 O 
 
 S 
 
 5 
 
 00 
 
 _c 
 
 >1 
 
 M 
 
 01 
 
 t>> 
 
 o 
 O 
 
 10 
 
 ,3 
 
 40 
 
 CO 
 
 s* 
 M 
 to 
 (>-. 
 *a 
 
 | 
 
 S 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 2O 
 21 
 - 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 SO 
 
 31 
 
 iiy-ovt 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz, iiim, lt-R.. 
 cu-st, or-st, hz 
 
 7 
 6 
 3 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ou, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu,cr-st. 
 
 7 
 5 
 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz, lg-NB . 
 ny-ovt 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 eu, d-cr-hz, R 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 a 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt, r-b 
 ny-ovt 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, r-b 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 ovt, lt-R, th 
 ny-ovt, lt-R 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, lt-R 
 cu, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st 
 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 
 ny-ovt, fr-lg, th 
 uy-ovt, lt-R ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 hy-cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 5 
 
 ovt, Ig-SE 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 8 
 6 
 7 
 6 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 ovt, sh-lg-E 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, lt-R 
 
 8 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 4 
 7 
 
 ovt, sh-lg-N, lt-R ... 
 cu, cr-hz-hor 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 6 
 3 
 6 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 ovt, R, Ig-th-SW ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-ovt, Ig, th-NE ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 3 
 8 
 3 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-st, Ig-NW ... 
 cu, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st 
 ny-ovt, th, Ig, lt-R... 
 
 cu-t, cr-*t, hi, Dim, l|g-W 
 
 cu-cr-st, hz... 
 
 4 
 2 
 5 
 7 
 6 
 4 
 
 eu, cr-st, Ig-SW ... 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 3 
 ! 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 (> 
 
 cr-hz, cr-st... 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt, Ig-s, R 
 cu, cu-st, er-hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 6 
 8 
 5 
 2 
 
 ovt, R 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 ovt 
 cr-cn, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, er-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz... 
 
 8 
 
 ! 
 
 ovt, R 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-sc, th-NW.. 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz . 
 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz, Ig, N 
 cu, cr-st 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz, Ig-W 
 cu ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, hz, Ig-NW ... 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz, Ig-N. 
 cu 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 on, cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 8 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 B 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... ... 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 tl 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 cu-st, Ig-NW 
 cu 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz . ... 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ou, Ig-NW 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 cu, hz ... 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, nim, Ig, th 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 "7 
 5 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 
 cu, cr-hz, nim 
 ovt, R 
 
 "e 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim, R ... 
 ovt, R 
 
 4 
 8 
 
 8 
 6 
 3 
 8 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 4 
 8 
 6 
 7 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, lt-R 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 hy-cu, cr-st, nim, th-SE 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz 
 eu, cu-st, nim, Ig-SW. 
 
 
 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1859 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 SO 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 hy.ru, cr-at, mim, th-W. ll-R ... 
 
 7 
 
 ovt, Ig, th 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 5 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 e 
 
 { 
 
 8 
 
 K 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, hz, nim, th-N. 
 ny-ovt, r-b, R 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, nim 
 cn-st, cr-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 5 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ovt, R, nim-lg, th ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz, Ig-S W . . 
 ovt, Ig-SW 
 en, cr-cn, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 5 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 6 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ovt, R, Ig, th 
 ny-ovt, Ig, th-W ... 
 
 cu, cu-t, cr-st, cr-cu, l(f-W ... 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 7 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz, Ig, 
 ovt, fr-lg ... 
 ovt, sh-lg-8 
 ovt, Ig 
 cu, ct-cu, cr 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 4 
 5 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, cr-cu 
 cu, cr-cu, cr 
 
 cu, cu-at, cr-cu, cr-hz... 
 
 7 
 8 
 3 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 
 3 
 5 
 
 c 
 
 6 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, r-b 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 6 
 6 
 4 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-clear 
 
 7 
 3 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 clear 
 en, cr-cu, cr-st 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 3 
 
 S 
 
 ovt ... 
 cr, cr-cu, hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 
 cr cu, cr-st, hz ... 5 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 7 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 4 
 cr, cr-st, cr-cu ... 3 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz .... 3 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 clear 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz, cr-st... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-cu, hz... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 
 cu, ht 
 ny-clear 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 ?. 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, rr-bz 
 ny-clear, D 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear 
 cr-cn, cr-hz... 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 
 i 4 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 cr st, cr-hz... 
 cr-cu, hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz... 
 
 clear 
 cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-Bt, hi ... 
 
 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 clear 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 clear 
 cr-cu, cr-hz... 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, R 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 ? 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu-hor 
 ny-out 
 
 
 1 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 3 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-ca, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, Ig-R 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 3 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr.hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 ! 2 
 
 
 4 
 6 
 8 
 i 3 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, R, th 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 8 
 5 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz 
 ovt, R, Ig, th 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 8 
 4 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 ovt, R 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 7 
 
 cu-at, nim ... 
 
 7 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt ... ... 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 Vj 53 
 
 go S. 
 
 111 1 1 
 
 IjmiJlHlflllijjiJiiiiljhiiJIIiliuii 
 
 1 ^ s n : J ;i ^ w J a i V. 3 J .JS S J s8 ! 11 is I & i s. "S. M t o5 -S -si 5 i % fc 
 
MADRAS, 1859 -METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 227 
 
 1 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 1859 
 
 0> 
 
 "3 
 
 13 
 
 g 
 
 .5 
 >, 
 
 a 
 
 >> 
 
 i 
 
 Q 
 
 3 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 _g 
 
 E>> 
 
 ^ 
 
 >> 
 
 a 
 
 D 
 
 o 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 .5 
 
 *^~, 
 
 2 
 
 >> 
 ^ 
 
 | 
 o 
 
 18 
 
 1 
 ^. 
 
 a 
 | 
 O 
 
 20 
 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 
 ^> 
 
 T3 
 
 
 
 
 
 S3 
 
 JS 
 
 00 
 
 % s 
 
 '> 
 
 M 
 
 00 
 
 ^> 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 5 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max.] 
 
 in. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 : 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 
 so 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24. 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 :to 
 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st.. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 a 
 
 5 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 d-cr-hz, en 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 d-cr-hz, cr-cu 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz . 
 
 7 
 5 
 
 d-cr-hz, cr-cu 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 d-cr-hz, or-cu ... 
 cu, cr-st, or-hz ... 
 
 6 
 5 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 hy-cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 126-6 
 121-7 
 123-3 
 125-5 
 125-4 
 137-6 
 138-5 
 137-2 
 135-7 
 137-0 
 114-3 
 133-3 
 140-4 
 134-5 
 140-5 
 143-3 
 135-5 
 ]27'9 
 124-7 
 124-6 
 122-4 
 126'9 
 121-6 
 129-2 
 123-5 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 118-3 
 115-6 
 
 
 
 95-1 
 95-5 
 95-5 
 969 
 95-6 
 98-4 
 97-3 
 93-7 
 95-9 
 92-4 
 88-7 
 95-7 
 96-5 
 92-6 
 93-7 
 93-5 
 91-1 
 91-2 
 95-3 
 89-7 
 90-1 
 89-4 
 90-5 
 90-1 
 87-7 
 85-7 
 82-8 
 79-6 
 85-9 
 89-5 
 
 78-2 
 J8-5 
 78-0 
 9-2 
 79-8 
 31-3 
 30-1 
 30-3 
 iO-9 
 77-4 
 30-7 
 78-2 
 78-1 
 74-6 
 75-3 
 78-8 
 80-1 
 79-0 
 76-6 
 79-7 
 77-1 
 78-0 
 78-8 
 78-7 
 78-9 
 77'8 
 74-3 
 75-1 
 73-9 
 76-1 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt, It-R 
 cti, cr-hz-hor 
 cu, hz ... 
 d-cr-hz, cr-cu... 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 
 2 
 
 >s 
 
 a 
 
 .3 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 cr-cu. hz 
 ovt 
 cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu, hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz .. 
 cr-ou, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 5 
 2 
 H 
 7 
 
 cr-<fa, hz 
 ovt. 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, er-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 8 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 5 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-Bt, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 6 
 2 
 8 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, er-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr, or-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 6 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 
 ci , cu-t, cr-t, nim, It-K ... 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 7 
 5 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 (j 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, cr .. 
 
 4 
 1 
 6 
 
 7 
 5 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, or-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, cr ... 
 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 
 cu, ca-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ou, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 4 
 6 
 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, ( u-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st ... 
 en, cu st, cr-hz ... 
 eu, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 
 6 
 3 
 6 
 4 
 5 
 5 
 
 ovt, R 
 cr-cu, 
 cr-cu, 
 
 th 
 
 cr-hz 
 or-hz, cr. 
 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, or.. 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ovt, Ig, th, lt-R.. 
 
 cu, cu-st, ur-hz, Kh-ltf, NE 
 CU 
 
 cu-hor ... 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st.. 
 
 5 
 8 
 7 
 3 
 1 
 3 
 
 cr-cu, cu, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 4 
 2 
 if 
 5 
 
 cr-cu, cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-ca, or-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 8 
 
 cr-cu, cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 5 
 
 cu-st, cr-Bt, hz ... 
 cu-ft, cr-st, hz ... 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 en, er-st, hz 
 en-sc, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, cr-st. 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim... 
 ny-ovt... 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, lt-R 
 cr-hz, cr-cu ... 
 ovt 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 2 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim... 
 cu, cr-hz, nim... 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-st... 
 ovt, R 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 8 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, ft, th 
 ovt, R 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-st ... 
 ovt 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovl,lt-R 
 ovt, R 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, or-hz ... 
 ovt, lt-R ... 
 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-it, ha ... 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 6 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 5 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-cn, hz 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1859 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 to 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 16 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 2t 
 26 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 SO 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 117-7 
 102-9 
 128-6 
 133-5 
 126-4 
 133-9 
 140-4 
 143-2 
 1374 
 144-4 
 143-3 
 139-6 
 121-4 
 133-5 
 142-5 
 145-2 
 144-3 
 1438 
 138-1 
 129-4 
 1199 
 1425 
 145-2 
 142-0 
 1J3-S 
 129-7 
 135-7 
 105-4 
 109-1 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 
 1 
 
 90-5 
 90-7 
 93-5 
 92-0 
 91-6 
 93-5 
 94-4 
 93-9 
 91-7 
 91-1 
 91-2 
 906 
 88-3 
 90-7 
 91-9 
 91-6 
 90-9 
 91-8 
 90-3 
 90-2 
 89-9 
 c-9'5 
 89-3 
 87-3 
 86-3 
 88-4 
 85-2 
 81-6 
 80-1 
 83 -5 
 81 -C 
 
 76-9 
 77-1 
 77-3 
 78-0 
 77-9 
 76-6 
 78-3 
 76-8 
 77-0 
 76-0 
 76-1 
 77-1 
 76-2 
 76-2 
 77-0 
 77-0 
 74-9 
 74-3 
 75-0 
 74-2 
 7fi-6 
 76-0 
 72-2 
 71-3 
 75-0 
 77-1 
 75-8 
 73-1 
 73-5 
 78-8 
 74-fi 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 8 
 5 
 6 
 8 
 3 
 3 
 
 ovt 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 or cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr cu ... 
 cr-cu, hz ... 
 clear 
 
 8 
 3 
 6 
 7 
 1 
 
 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-cu, or-hz ... 
 cr-cn, hz 
 ny-clear . . 
 
 7 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 cu, cr-bz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 3-cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-Bt, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, hz 
 
 4 
 6 
 3 
 6 
 2 
 1 
 
 ou, cr-hz ...[nim. 
 ou, cu-st, or-st, hz, 
 cu-st, cr st, hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-cu 
 cu, cu st ... 
 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 7 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr, or-hz .... 
 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 4 
 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-st, cr- 
 cu, cr, cr-st, hz. 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cr-cu, or-hz ... 
 [hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 4 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr- 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 en, or, cr-hz ... 
 cu, hz ... 
 ovt, R 
 cr-cn, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 
 7 
 3 
 o 
 
 2 
 8 
 2 
 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu, cr, hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 ovt 
 clear 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cn-hor 
 
 6 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu-hor '. . 
 
 6 
 
 V, 
 
 ny-ovt, R 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 
 7 
 5 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 7 
 
 ca, or-cn, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 clear ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 sc-cu 
 ovt 
 clear 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 8 
 
 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz .. 
 eu, hz 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 8 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 eu, cu-st, nim 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt, R 
 
 ny-clrar 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-eu, hz . 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 clear ... 
 cr-oa, cr-hz 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 cr-cu, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 or, cr-ou 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 
 2 
 4 
 1 
 4 
 2 
 8 
 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-hz . . 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz .. 
 clear 
 cr, or-ou, hz 
 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cr, cr-st, cr-hj 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu.gt, cr-hz .. 
 sc-cu 
 cu, cr-st ... 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 ' 3 
 
 q 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-bz... 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 eu, cu-st, cr-hz .. 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-st 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cr.&t, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu-st, or-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 5 
 2 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-cu, hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, or-hz.. 
 ovt, lt-R 
 
 
 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 8 
 
 clear ... 
 clear ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz, nim... 
 ovt 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr-cu 
 cu, cr cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-et ... 
 ovt 
 
 
 
 2 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 
 cr-cu, hz-SE 
 cu 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz .. 
 cr-cu, cu, cr-hz .. 
 cu, cn-st, nim .. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz,nin 
 
 1 
 
 Q 
 f 
 
 t 
 
 . 7 
 
 i 8 
 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu, nim 
 ovt 
 cr cu, cu, cr-hz .. 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 cu-hor 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt . . . [lt-R 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, iiini, 
 en, cr en, cr, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 
 CU, 01 
 
 ovt 
 
 -st, cr-hz.. 
 
 6 
 
 H 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 fl-cu, nim 
 ny-ovt 
 
 6 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 ovt, R, th-S 
 
 . 
 . g 
 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, R, Id-th 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim ... 
 ovt, R, ld-th 
 
 / 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE. 
 
 TO 
 
 s - 
 
 ,|j - 1 
 
 11! 1 
 
 jijli!il H idi!iyiJii!i!lliii^lii|ii^ 
 
 11 I gQ-J-I^H^aai ti.&sjj.sriji.jiifcl & t i i pi i ^ i 4 4 -s 5 > ? 
 
228 
 
 MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF NOVEMBER 1859 
 
 Date 
 
 Gottingen Mean Time 
 XOOX 
 
 Cloudy sky ill 8ths 
 
 . 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 4 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths, 
 
 10 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8thsl 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 ovt 
 cu-st, cr-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 eu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz,hl- 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz, hl-3).. 
 ny-ovt 
 
 8 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 cu-st, cu, hz 
 fl-cn, cr-liz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 eu, cr-st, d-hz 
 ovt ... ... 
 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 cu, ca-st, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ovt ,.. 
 
 G 
 5 
 
 -5 
 8 
 
 ovt .'.. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, er-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 
 ovt ... 
 en, cr, cr-hz . 
 cu, cu-st, cr hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 8 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 7 
 2 
 3 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-st 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz.. 
 
 4 
 6 
 fi 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt, R 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz, lt-R ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 ovt ... 
 
 5 
 7 
 5 
 4 
 6 
 8 
 
 cu, hz 
 ovt, R 
 
 4 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz, lt-R ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 8 
 
 cu, eu-st, hz 
 ovt ... 
 eu, cu-st, cr-st 
 hy-cn, cn-st, hz 
 ovt, lt-'R 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 4 
 4 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz 
 hy-cn, cu-st, hz 
 hy-cu, hz, nim 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-st 
 hy-cu, cu-st, hz 
 ovt, R 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st ... 
 fl-cu, nim, R 
 ovt, lt-R 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 fl-cu 
 en, cu-st 
 ovt ... 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 
 i 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim " 
 
 ovt ... 
 cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 ovt, lt-R ... 
 ovt 
 ovt . . 
 
 8 
 3 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 ovt, R 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, R 
 
 
 5 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, R 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, lt-R 
 ovt, lt-R 
 cn, cr-st, hz 
 ovt 
 ovt, R 
 
 ovt 
 cu-st, cr-st,hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz,nim,H-K 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 
 fl-cu, cr-st ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ovt 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, R, Ig-S 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 2 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 2 
 
 cu-st, cr-st ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 Ovt .. 
 
 4 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 
 ovtt ... 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 cu, d-hz 
 ovt, R, sh-lg-N 
 ovt 
 
 CO X X GO X X 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, R 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 8 
 
 ovt, R 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, lt-R 
 ovt ... ... 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, R 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 . 8 
 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, R 
 
 ovt, R 
 ovt .. 
 ny-ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... ... ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, R 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 ovt.R 
 
 
 
 
 ovt, R 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 en, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz, sh-lg-S. 
 
 8 
 1 
 3 
 
 cu, hz, sh-lg-NE ... 
 cu,cr-Bt,hz,sh-lg-SE. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 en, cu-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz, Ig-W... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 2 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 ovt, R 
 cu, nim, sh-lg-NE... 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF DECEMBER 1859 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-st 
 en, cr-flt, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 5 
 2 
 2 
 
 [NE 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st,hz, sh-lg, 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz... 
 en, cr-st, hz... 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 ny-ovt . ... 
 cu-hor, sh-lg-S 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz, Ig... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz-hor ... 
 eu, cr-st, hz 
 
 cr-hz ... ...i 
 ny-clear 
 
 5 
 2 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 
 6 
 2 
 7 
 
 cu, hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 2 
 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 3 
 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 clear, D 
 clear, D ... 
 sc-cn 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 4 
 
 
 2 
 4 
 5 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 clear, D 
 cu, crj cr-hz, D 
 sc-cu 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 y 
 i 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st, hz, nim ... 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 2 
 6 
 
 clear 
 en, hz 
 
 
 i 
 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 en, cr-cn, cr-st, hz... 
 cr, cr-st 
 ny-ovt, Ig-NW 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 clear 
 en, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 ny-clear 
 ny-ovt 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 7 
 
 clear 
 cu, cr-cn, cr, cr-hz... 
 cu ... 
 ca, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 
 5 
 4 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 2 
 1 
 3 
 
 a 
 
 fl-cn... 
 
 i 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 2 
 
 
 a 
 
 I! 
 3 
 6 
 
 en, cu-st, hz-nim ... 
 cu 
 cu 
 cu 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cn'-st, cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz, nim 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 clear 
 cu 
 
 en ... 
 
 2 
 3 
 6 
 
 cu ... 
 fl-cu 
 en, hz 
 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz 
 n-cn, cr-cu, cr-st, hz. 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 en, hz 
 en, hz 
 
 en, d-cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 on 
 cu, cn-st 
 cu, cr-hz, cr 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 a 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, D 
 clear 
 on, cr-hz 
 cu ... 
 cu, cr-hz, cr 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 1 
 4 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-st 
 cu ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 sc-cu 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 .cu, cn-st, hz 
 ny-clcar 
 cu-st, hz ... ' 
 
 
 1 
 C 
 8 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 eu 
 cu, cu-st 
 en, er-hz 
 cu 
 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 sc-cu, cr-st 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz ... 1 
 cu . . ... 1 
 
 
 
 cn-hor 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 en, cr. cr-hz 
 ca, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 2 
 8 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, hz, D 
 clear 
 clear, D 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 fl-cn 
 
 a 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu . . . .. 
 
 i 
 
 
 2 
 
 a 
 i 
 
 sc-cn 
 ny-clear 
 sc-cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 2 
 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 en, cn-st, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 sc-cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr-st 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USKD IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 i 1 
 
 .s 
 
 O ft 
 
 t ~ 
 
 fc 2 r3 . ~ 'S -w e, fc -3 t. 
 -a 00 .-. -a s> G ,-> i. .5 fa ? < J 
 
 ll|MliiHll!|Iilulj|1)!!HVHllllli!i! 
 
MADRAS, 1859 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 229 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF NOVEMBER 1859 
 
 1 
 O 
 
 19 
 
 2 
 
 00 
 (3 
 
 j? 
 
 m 
 
 O 
 
 14 
 
 oo 
 
 _a 
 
 OT 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 t 
 
 1 
 5 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 0. 
 
 M 
 
 1 
 O 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 .3 
 
 | 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 00 
 
 .3 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 s 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 g 
 5 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 3O 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 cu 
 
 4 
 8 
 1 
 
 ovt 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 6 
 7 
 5 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 8 
 6 
 
 ovt 
 
 fl-cn, cu-st, cr-hz . 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 
 8 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz . 
 ovt 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, d-hz. 
 cu, cn-st, cr-st, nim. 
 ovt 
 on, on-st, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 
 ovt. 
 136-3 
 101-3 
 116-5 
 130-1 
 127-5 
 125-5 
 123-5 
 129-3 
 134-7 
 127-1 
 ovt. 
 134-0 
 120-7 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 111-0 
 ovt. 
 126-0 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 113-8 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 118-6 
 114-3 
 101-3 
 
 
 
 82-1 
 83-7 
 81-2 
 82-8 
 85-0 
 84-0 
 85-4 
 86-1 
 84-1 
 85-3 
 83-3 
 79-9 
 84-0 
 83-2 
 80-0 
 79-6 
 81-9 
 82-8 
 82-4 
 80-5 
 77-3 
 82-5 
 81-6 
 78-8 
 77-8 
 76-7 
 78-5 
 83-6 
 86.0 
 84-7 
 
 73.5 
 72-3 
 73-6 
 73-1 
 77-3 
 73-2 
 78-3 
 75-4 
 76-8 
 74-9 
 76-2 
 75-8 
 74-0 
 75-0 
 73-3 
 74-5 
 74-4 
 76-7 
 74-0 
 73-0 
 66-1 
 70-1 
 731 
 74-1 
 74-1 
 73-3 
 73-6 
 73-5 
 74-8 
 75-1 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, eu-st, nim... 
 ovt, R ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cu-st, nim ... 
 ovt 
 
 
 4 
 8 
 4 
 6 
 8 
 
 cr, cr-st 
 cu, cr, cr-st ... 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,nim. 
 
 cu, ou-st, cr-hz . 
 en, cu-st, nim... 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 7 
 4 
 5 
 8 
 
 fl-ou, hz 
 on, cu-st, or-hz ... 
 ou, cu-st, cr-st ... 
 en, cn-st, or-hz ... 
 en, cu-st, or-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, or-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 6 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 cu, cu-st, cr 
 cu, cu-st... 
 fl-cn, cn-st 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 7 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cu-at, nim, It-B. . 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st ... 
 cu, cu-st, or-hz ... 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 6 
 7 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 8 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cn-st, cr-st ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, It-R ... 
 ovt, R 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 8 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 cu, cu-st, cr ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st,cr-hz 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 5 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-eu, cr, cr-st 
 cu, ou-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 cu,cu-8t,cr-hz, nim 
 
 4 
 4 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 
 fl-cu, nim, It-R ... 
 fl-cn, cu-st, nim... 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 ovt, R 
 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim ... 
 
 fl-CU, CU-Bt, Tiitn ... 
 
 ovt 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, ou-st, nim ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 ovt 
 ovt, R ... 
 ovt, H, th-E 
 on, cn-st, cr-cu, hz 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz . 
 ny-ovt ... 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, or-hz.. 
 
 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, It-R, th-E .. 
 ovt 
 ovt, R 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt... 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 er-cn, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, er-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 ovt, R 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt ... 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, It-R 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 ovt, R 
 hy-cu, hz, nim ... 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, R 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 ovt, R 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt ... ' 
 ovt 
 cu, or-hz, nim-E 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz . 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 
 ovt 
 on, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cu-st, or-hz ... 
 
 8 
 5 
 1 
 5 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 8 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st,cr-hz,nim,tli 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st ... 
 
 7 
 
 '4 
 8 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz . . . 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-st, nim. . 
 fl-cu, cn-st, nim... 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 hy-on, cn-st, nim.. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz,nim 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, R 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF DECEMBER 1859 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 ovt 
 clear 
 
 8 
 
 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-cn,'cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 cu, nim ... 
 cr-ou, cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-cn, cr-hz, cr-st. 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 118-8 
 107-7 
 103-5 
 110-7 
 116-3 
 109-2 
 119-6 
 113-2 
 113-7 
 115-5 
 1137 
 109-6 
 112-6 
 109-6 
 109-4 
 108-7 
 104-8 
 1067 
 110-7 
 108-8 
 106-7 
 105-5 
 104-7 
 108-5 
 109-3 
 108-6 
 1058 
 105-8 
 107-3 
 104-3 
 
 
 
 86-3 
 82-9 
 81-0 
 80-9 
 83-8 
 85-0 
 83-9 
 84-2 
 84-6 
 84-4 
 83-2 
 81-6 
 82-8 
 82-7 
 81-8 
 81-7 
 81-9 
 81-6 
 81-1 
 81-3 
 81-3 
 82-1 
 80-1 
 81-4 
 81-1 
 80-8 
 79-9 
 80-8 
 80-7 
 79-6 
 
 75-1 
 71-2 
 69-2 
 70-1 
 70-8 
 733 
 74-1 
 73-7 
 73-9 
 74-7 
 73-1 
 73-3 
 71-2 
 70-9 
 73-6 
 761 
 71-2 
 73-1 
 69-1 
 69-5 
 70-3 
 70-3 
 73-5 
 67-6 
 74-8 
 69-7 
 67-7 
 69-6 
 67-0 
 66-2 
 
 cr-hz, D 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 sc-cu, D 
 fl-cu ... 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 cr-cu,cr-st,cr-hz 
 clear .. 
 clear ... 
 cu 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 en, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cu... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, or-hz ... 
 
 hy-cu, cn-st, cr-hz 
 fl-cn, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cu-st... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 1 
 3 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cn, cn-st 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 
 2 
 3 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 sc-cn 
 en, cn-st ... 
 cu, cr, cr-st 
 fl-cn 
 cu, ou-st, er-hz ... 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 
 cr-st, hz .. 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 cu-st, cu ... 
 on, cn-st, cr 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-st ... 
 
 1 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-hz, D ... 
 en, hz ... 
 fl-cu, D 
 cu, cr 
 cu, cr-st 
 cu, cu-st, nim... 
 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 en, cr-cn, hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cu-st, nim... 
 en, cr,cr-hz... [hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cn, cr- 
 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 
 6 
 4 
 5 
 5 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 cu, cu-at... 
 en, cu-st, or-hz .. 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 ny-clear ... 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cn 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu, cr-st, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 4 
 7 
 
 cn,cr-cn, d-cr-hz 
 cu, D 
 cu, cr-hz, D .. 
 ny-clear, D ... 
 eu 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 cn, cr-cn, d-cr-hz 
 cu,cr-ou 
 en, cr-hz 
 sc-cu 
 cu, cn-st, D ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-eu, d-cr-hz. 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 sc-cu, hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-cn, hz 
 cu-cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cn-st, nim ... 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 
 en, cr-on, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu 
 cu,on-st ... ... 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu 
 
 BC-CU 
 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 en, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu 
 cu, eu-st 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cn 
 sc-ou 
 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 ny-clear, D ... 
 en, hz, D 
 en, cn-st, D ... 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 
 en, cr-cn. cr-hz.. 
 cr-st, or-hz 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st... 
 cu, cu-st, hz .. 
 It-cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 6 
 2 
 3 
 5 
 2 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cn, hz ... 
 
 7 
 1 
 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu.. 
 
 6 
 2 
 6 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu... ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cn 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 2 
 5 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 2 
 5 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-hz-hor 
 ny-clear ... 
 on, cr-st, er-hz ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 
 5 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 EIPLANATION OP SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 J 
 ||1 
 
 lijiilliulflt 
 
 =6 
 
 a 
 s 
 fr> j? 
 
 J? 3 J3 .3 ^ "" -* H S5 a &*"! jL ^L pi "2 rf S'S'StS'S >; '5 ^ 
 
 : : * : - ' ; 
 
 f- 1 I-^H t-l & Q * - 
 
 N d j J 4 
 
 58 
 
MADRAS, 1860 
 
 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
S32 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 
 Barometer at 30 =29 English Inches+the number in the Table 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 34 5 67 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18. 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. li. m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Ho ^1 
 
 * * 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0'99 0"91 0'95 0'981 0'989 Q'996 n '98i 0'970 
 
 In. 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 ________ 0-948 0-933 0'919 0'916 0'918 0'922 0'935 0'963 0'980 0'988 0'967 0'932 0'899 0'883 0'864 0'859 
 
 877 -903 -933 -944 -970 '981 '969 -960 '944 -912 '911 -906 '922 '927 '943 '982 I'Oll 1-026 roio -970 -940 '915 -896 -891 
 903 -916 '943 '960 -967 -963 '962 -951 '918 -907 '900 -898 '898 '910 -942 -976 0-999 -Q08 0-998 -975 -949 -927 -911 -913 
 931 -945 -965 '995 1-004 roi? roil -997 -982 -960 -946 -944 -956 -973 I'Ooi 1-024 1-050 -Q44 i-os; 1-002 -979 -944 -924 -916 
 929 -950 '966 -993 '007 'Oil "016 1'004 -986 -959 '947 -955 '975 '996 -006 -036 '052 '063 '043 -Oil '967 '940 '924 '913 
 917 -939 -960 -981 0-989 0-996 0-981 0-966 -959 -945 '926 -923 '937 -958 0-974 -QOS '029 -030 '009 0-969 -938 '909 -902 "906 
 
 QTJ -Q97 'QQR 'QAQ -Qfil 'Q70 -Qfift Q'ifi . 
 
 0-940 
 944 
 941 
 981 
 985 
 960 
 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 S 12 
 2 13 
 
 1 A 
 
 ------ - -965 -956 -948 -939 "950 '964 -980 -002 "022 '023 "012 -995 -976 '945 '939 -935 
 939 -955 -968 '989 '998 i'<6 '996 -987 -972 '955 -946 -942 "934 '951 -980 -018 "035 -032 '014 rooa -933 -953 -929 -931 
 935 -946 -958 '978 '995 -004 -998 '997 '987 '965 -958 -950 -963 -985 -999 -031 '050 '054 '048 '022 "993 '964 '948 '941 
 948 -956 -978 1'oos i-oia -016 i-ooo roos -997 -975 -959 -975 i-oos rois i-oss -066 '092 -093 '079 -057 i'033 rooe -991 -992 
 1-006 1-015 1-034 -075 -089 -096 -088 -074 1'054 1-046 1-037 1-047 -064 '070 -096 -122 '146 -146 -133 '106 '083 -054 1-084 1-032 
 034 -054 -072 '088 "103 '105 '097 -089 -076 '060 -045 -041 '056 '070 '098 '117 '144 -146 -138 '115 '090 -061 -041 '030 
 
 n/lQ -n^l -OfiQ '(188 -1D9 '113 'Ifn -080 . 
 
 964 
 976 
 986 
 1-013 
 073 
 082 
 
 JANUARY 
 
 3 N> I ' t ' 1 ' 1 i H- ' 1- 
 
 -OCOCO~JCTJCnii 
 
 -016 -009 0-999 0-993 0-997 -Q21 '046 -093 '105 -129 -116 -083 '036 -007 0-983 0-972 
 0-978 -003 -027 -051 '075 '099 -068 '049 '036 -023 1'005 1-002 1-007 -017 '047 -068 '098 -105 -100 -088 '060 -020 -999 -993 
 997 -013 -038 '059 '073 '084 -075 -062 -049 -016 '999 0-993 -004 '018 -037 '058 "074 -072 '063 -039 '007 0-975 -951 -937 
 947 0-967 0-993 -012 "023 '038 '032 -027 '001 0-981 -979 -974 0-989 -Q03 '028 '055 '074 -087 '082 -076 '043 1'OOS -979 -966 
 976 -991 i-oos -030 -054 '064 '058 -045 -031 1'Ois 1-004 -998 1-010 -023 -048 -086 '116 -123 '109 -089 '050 '019 i-ooc rooi 
 1-007 1-020 -038 -053 '059 '068 '066 -056 '045 '034 '022 I'OIO -024 '034 -052 -080 '104 -107 -100 '074 '045 '007 0-988 0-981 
 0'Qsr. n-qo? -mi -rpi>\ -n^n -r>R"\ f) t >4. -ru.^ 
 
 052 
 042 
 029 
 015 
 040 
 045 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 
 -------- -066 -046 -031 -022 "032 -046 '066 -089 '110 -111 -106 -091 '055 -014 '995 "989 
 987 '990 -002 -020 '036 '041 '039 '039 '023 "010 '000 0-991 -Q10 -030 "051 -067 "092 -098 '078 -055 '028 0-996 -977 -959 
 965 -982 -001 '026 '046 '062 -071 '059 '050 '040 '022 1-018 -Q21 -039 '050 '071 '095 '102 '091 '077 '049 1'022 -996 -987 
 991 rooi -028 -048 '066 '089 -081 -078 -068 '049 -046 -036 -041 -049 -064 -083 -110 -111 -105 -076 -056 -015 i'007 i-oos 
 1-003 -010 -020 -040 -050 '072 -076 -062 -056 '047 -009 -010 -007 -030 -049 -071 "092 -103 '083 -059 -033 0-978 0-978 0-966 
 0-973 0-979 0-997 -Q13 "032 -054 -060 '049 -031 '017 -013 0-991 0-987 -000 '013 "039 "064 -079 '065 -043-018 -994 -965 -959 
 
 .Ofi>7 -D 1 ? 1 ? -QQ8 -fWI -OAR -C\RR -nfll fl^'i 
 
 046 
 026 
 039 
 054 
 038 
 018 
 
 zo 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 -------- -043 -036 -016 -991 "993 -008 '016 -049 '072 -093 -071 -051 -027 -986 -971 -962 
 961 -969 -979 '003 '036 '060 '058 "049 -031 '008 0-999 -987 -979 '003 '008 '027 '041 -058 -036 -013 0-991 -955 -937 -928 
 930 -941 -957 0'982 -Q05 '019 -023 -Oil -006 0-986 -972 -958 '956 0-969 0-998 -023 "049 -047 "036 "019 -984 "950 '923 -925 
 
 024 
 005 
 0-986 
 
 Means 
 
 0-962 "976 -994 1-016 -031 -043 -037 -027 -013 0-996 -984 -978 -986 rooi "021 -048 "071 -077 -064 -040 -012 0-970 -961 -955 
 
 1 1-011 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 0-928 0-935 0'953 0'978 0'990 1-002 0'997 0'989 0'980 0'960 0'951 0"*47 0'953 0'970 0'998 1'015 1-038 1-046 1'034 I'OOS 0'981 0'950 0'926 0'91/ 
 
 921 -926 -947 '975 1-002. -009 1-026 1-007 -986 -971 '965 -968 -965 '984 -999 -016 -036 '045 '031 -010 '973 "948 '930 '932 
 943 -949 -975 1'004 -024 -037 -042 '026 I'OH -991 '967 -959 '971 I'OOi 1-018 -Q50 '079 -085 '069 -049 I'OH -976 '950 '949 
 950 "953 "972 0-994 -Q04 '018 '01 '014 
 
 0-977 
 982 
 1-006 
 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 IT 
 
 -------- -012 1-004 -974 -970 '969 0-965 -QOO '026 "047 "059 -050 '036 -005 -976 '949 -950 
 943 -948 -971 1'OOS -019 '033 -037 "020 '006 -000 '985 -978 '994 -998 -021 -048 -067 -066 '051 '032 0-994 -961 "949 -943 
 952 -973 -986 '002 -024 -028 -020 -014 -002 0-986 -965 -958 "956 -977 0-999 -008 -037 '060 -043 -007 '985 "954 '934 -928 
 931 -934 -949 0-967 0-975 0-987 0-962 0-952 0'94i -938 "924 -920 '922 -928 -945 0-971 -005 -021 '002 0-978 -937 '919 '901 '901 
 903 -911 -924 -944 -956 -964 -956 '950 "948 '919 '910 -906 "905 "927 '945 -973 0-994 -oil 0-998 -991 '958 '933 '899 '895 
 899 -911 '919 -943 "963 -978 -973 '965 -960 '952 '945 -925 '932 -949 -967 -981 I'OOi -009 I'OOi -973 -940 '905 '882 '880 
 '891 '900 '922 "947 '959 -974 "962 "950 
 
 0-997 
 1-003 
 0-992 
 950 
 943 
 948 
 
 CO 10 
 CO L * 
 
 -i 13 
 t* 14 
 15 
 
 17 
 
 OQ 18 
 
 -------- -943 -930 -907 -901 '906 -919 '933 '964 0-994 -007 0-994 -976 -940 '905 '878 '864 
 868 '881 -901 '918 '938 '946 '937 '932 '909 '897 '872 -871 '876 -890 '906 '933 -961 0-972 -956 -929 -896 -879 '857 -850 
 855 '865 -882 -918 '947 "962 -955 '941 -936 -927 '919 -917 -938 -943 -952 -980 1'006 i-oiss 1-005 -991 -958 '933 '908 '897 
 903 -913 -930 '957 '994 I'OH -999 -978 '977 '965 "954 -946 -949 -961 -977 V013 -049 -064 -055 1'037 1-002 -981 '956 -948 
 952 -970 -999 1'026 1-041 -Q48 1'042 1-084 1-018 1-005 -995 -981 -995 -999 i'0i7 -029 '057 -068 -063 -043 '020 '995 '977 '969 
 971 -978 1-002 -020 -045 '061 '043 '031 '020 '002 '981 -963 -957 -968 0-978 -QOO -005 '008 '000 0-971 0-940 -905 '887 '875 
 
 '880 '882 0'894 0'917 0'935 0'943 0'940 0'928 
 
 936 
 907 
 939 
 980 
 1-014 
 0-984 
 
 r* lo 
 
 g 19 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 os 
 
 0-907 0-888 -882 -879 -887 -903 '933 0-952 0-972 0-982 0-974 -948 '924 "891 -872 '858 
 864 -875 -894 '929 -943 '956 -952 '947 '945 '928 "899 -897 "910 -933 "952 '971 '994 1'013 -993 -970 -946 '920 '894 -888 
 887 -892 -906 -920 "952 -958 '946 '934 '924 -897 '887 -876 '876 -899 '914 -934 -947 0-972 -955 -927 '893 '866 -849 -847 
 850 -857 -869 '887 -909 -919 -910 '899 '879 -861 '843 -849 -860 -876 "893 -919 '939 -958 -939 -913 -882 '862 -834 -826 
 835 -845 -870 '885 '908 '917 '910 -899 '890 -876 '867 -878 -893 "913 '925 -947 -963 -980 -972 -952 -916 '879 -855 -842 
 848 -859 -869 "884 "903 -915 '907 -896 '889 -879 '862 -864 -868 '886 -903 -924 -939 -952 -936 -914 -883 '848 '829 -824 
 
 818 -S'-il -8dA -8RA -881 'BOO 'BOO -87fl 
 
 915 
 934 
 911 
 
 885 
 901 
 887 
 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 - - - - -847 -843 -835 -827 -843 '860 -880 '903 -918 -934 -926 '910 '871 '839 '821 '818 
 823 '836 -855 '871 -891 '909 -907 -901 -894 -890 -885 -880 -879 '892 -912 '943 -963 -984 -969 -950 -918 -885 -864 -852 
 855 -869 -882 "894 -913 '925 '917 -905 '902 '875 '868 -862 -869 -875 -889 -910 "931 -949 -938 "914 '881 -857 -829 '823 
 813 -819 -839 '866 -880 '889 -872 -860 '847 "845 -831 -829 '836 '861 -882 -901 -931 -943 -932 -895 '882 -860 "828 "813 
 
 865 
 898 
 889 
 865 
 
 Means | 
 
 0-891 -900 -918 -941 -960 "971 '965 -954 -943 '929 '915 "910 '916 -931 "950 -972 -995 i-oos 0-995 -973 '941 -913 -890 -884 
 
 0-940 
 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 23-5 
 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (Corrected) 
 Barometer at 32=29 English Inches + the number in the Table 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m, h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h, m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h, m. h. m. h. m. h m. h. m. h. m. h. m. b. m. h. m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 11.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 10.11 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. Ic. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0-813 0-822 0-843 0'8iW 0'892 0'895 0'890 0'883 0'81 0'844 0'838 0'841 0'855 0'869 0'886 0'923 0'947 0'951 0'940 0'906 0'858 0'835 O'SIO 0'806 
 
 808 -818 -837 '868 '883 '896 -897 -883 '851 -843 '830 '831 '846 '855 '873 '896 -911 '921 -900 '871 '840 '806 '767 '759 
 '761 '77 '793 SS "819 'S65 'S7C '87 
 
 In. 
 
 0870 
 854 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 in 
 
 -870 -858 '840 -848 '861 -882 '901 -942 -953 -973 '961 '945 '926 '898 -873 '858 
 860 -878 -890 '931 '952 -968 -969 -965 '946 -922 "910 '898 -910 -919 '944 -977 '984 '994 -985 '961 '931 '901 "882 '866 
 861 -869 -884 '917 '933 -942 -952 -932 '911 -895 '876 '859 -863 -872 '895 -916 '924 -928 '931 '891 '877 '837 '799 '795 
 791 -791 -812 -834 '852 -862 -875 -859 -845 -828 "810 '813 -817 '822 '837 '872 -893 '906 -895 '879 '854 '824 "786 775 
 775 -775 -793 '817 '841 -845 -839 -837 '811 -799 -785 '784 -790 '805 '834 -861 -890 -906 -893 '874 '841 "814 '789 '781 
 783 -788 -808 -839 -861 -873 -871 -868 '839 -826 -817 '811 -818 '845 '860 -885 -903 -915 -909 '885 '859 '833 '812 '804 
 
 8m -807 'K^A. '689 -QO8 -Q99 -Q98 -Q94, . 
 
 875 
 931 
 890 
 839 
 824 
 846 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 8 is 
 
 ~ " 
 
 "^ ifi 
 o 1D 
 
 is i>7 
 
 941 -932 -910 -904 '914 '929 '956 '972 -991 1'OOG -990 '959 '939 '921 '889 '875 
 874 -882 -901 '919 -948 -957 -948 -933 -916 -898 '880 -884 '898 -922 -936 '960 -971 0-987 -979 "944 "925 '896 '877 '865 
 862 -873 -890 '926 -946 -956 -965 -960 -933 -904 -890 -896 "897 -913 '941 -972 -989 I'OOi -991 '973 -946 "907 "868 '862 
 864 -875 -883 '900 -923 -937 -939 -931 -910 -886 -874 -892 -896 -915 "943 '966 -979 0-990 -985 '961 "935 -904 -875 "863 
 865 '875 '887 -913 '931 -946 -949 -930 -913 -896 -883 -873 '879 -891 -918 "954 -962 -978 -968 '940 -907 "885 -855 -846 
 849 -859 '876 '898 -929 -939 -953 -938 '906 -881 -870 '862 -866 -879 "901 "939 -948 '971 -945 '923 -903 -869 -836 -828 
 
 89Q -S^l -8^7 -88fi -Wi -921 -Q' 3 ! -Qlfi - 
 
 920 
 921 
 928 
 918 
 910 
 899 
 
 MAI 
 
 OtOlOtOtOh-'l-'h 
 ^COtSl 'OCOOO- 
 
 _ -876 -848 -846 -838 -847 -867 -905 '931 -952 -976 -954 "943 -916 -881 "842 '841 
 846 -852 -860 '881 "896 -903 -909 -895 -884 -865 -856 -875 -880 -896 -929 -961 -984 -988 -976 "955 '924 -903 -876 "868 
 869 -873 '888 '911 -938 -944 -937 -912 -896 -883 -892 "889 -893 -901 -906 "925 -938 -953 -942 "932 '916 -886 -857 "833 
 827 -837 -850 '867 -886 -900 -895 -884 -867 -839 -823 -817 "824 -833 -85] "867 -886 -892 -886 "865 -841 -814 795 790 
 790 -806 -821 "850 -868 -890 -882 -870 "858 -838 -822 -836 -842 -860 "876 -906 -931 -948 -943 "920 '892 -861 -841 '831 
 818 -830 -855 "869 -897 -919 -931 -919 '911 -895 '896 "898 '906 -920 "941 "971 -991 1'017 -999 "988 -962 -946 -927 '916 
 
 Q17 'Q9n 'Q3Q -QA^ -QfiO 'QQ9 -QSfi -Q84. . 
 
 889 
 903 
 905 
 852 
 866 
 922 
 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 -925 -904 -896 -887 -889 -909 -916 -934 -949 0-949 -934 -900 -870 -850 -818 '808 
 806 -816 -839 -854 -880 -889 -896 -888 -865 -858 "848 -851 -862 -882 -898 "931 -950 -948 -938 -914 -875 -848 -829 '812 
 812 -825 -838 '883 -900 -908 '905 -892 -860 -844 -840 -855 -863 "882 -902 -928 -944 -945 -938 -911 -880 '845 -815 '795 
 791 -806 -828 '838 -865 -883 -880 -862 '846 -840 '835 "842 "848 '860 -881 -899 -927 -924 -905 -873 "841 -814 786 780 
 765 776 792 '806 -837 -865 "870 -870 '852 -840 -835 -848 -864 -877 -899 -917 -925 '920 -889 -866 -846 -814 -790 776 
 779 792 -814 -840 .859 -877 -882 -868 "868 -847 -838 '830 -834 -851 -876 -893 -911 -903 -885 -860 -829 -794 769 750 
 
 916 
 
 874 
 875 
 852 
 847 
 844 
 
 Means | 
 
 0-824 -834 -851 -876 '898 -911 -914 -903 '883 -866 "855 '856 "864 -879 -900 -927 -944 -953 "941 -917 -890 -861 -833 "822 
 
 0-883 
 
 Tl*~ ~1. O1 
 
 * * 
 0'764 0'778 0'795 0-818 n ' R 37 0'851 0'85 Q Q'833 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 C 
 JOiOfcf>-COlOI-ih 
 
 ________ 0-833 0-813 0-800 0'815 0'829 0'846 0'855 0'878 0'885 0'882 0'873 0'841 0'809 0'784 0762 0761 
 
 752 -769 791 -827 -857 -884 -892 "882 -852 -836 -833 -828 "836 -842 -868 -891 -908 '909 -894 "865 '822 780 749 -738 
 748 767 -795 -831 -852 -872 -877 '868 "850 -845 -838 "831 '819 -829 -850 -879 -891 "897 -880 -857 "829 "798 "778 '774 
 767 785 794 -815 -833 -847 -855 '843 '840 -816 -814 -804 -813 -829 -864 -890 -899 -895 -889 -870 "829 781 -755 '745 
 746 -770 782 '804 -833 -852 -855 -851 -831 '821 -801 796 -826 -828 -855 -863 -880 '877 '873 -852 "8l5 781 763 751 
 755 -766 782 '803 -826 -843 -843 -840 '829 '814 -801 796 "791 -804 -835 -842 -845 "847 '853 -840 '814 '785 767 753 
 
 7^Q -774. -788 -81 R '89Q -8M -SQ^ -8QA 
 
 0-825 
 838 
 836 
 828 
 821 
 811 
 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 1 13 
 
 -H 1 A 
 
 - -733 725 -691 -677 "681 -705 736 -746 -760 755 742 -721 -697 -674 "650 "638 
 646 -670 -682 -690 -707 728 -732 -719 -721 -679 -666 -679 -689 -713 -737 -754 761 767 -760 -746 -716 -684 -665 '652 
 657 -675 -695 715 739 755 763 751 737 705 -680 -672 -692 717 751 754 770 776 766 -745 -719 -687 '663 '659 
 666 -694 717 745 770 -800 791 787 762 744 742 763 779 798 797 -818 -833 '832 -827 -803 768 735 716 -698 
 697 716 743 774 -809 -842 -851 -835 -835 -805 790 791 799 -825 '840 -858 -882 -875 -852 -819 778 751 725 7J2 
 706 723 755 785 -808 -833 -837 -821 -818 791 787 793 -817 -842 -858 -869 -894 -889 -872 -854 -822 -801 774 769 
 
 77O -8O7 '898 -8^7 '871 -888 -887 '879 
 
 742 
 707 
 718 
 766 
 800 
 813 
 
 >J 15 
 
 tf 16 
 f^ 17 
 ^ 18 
 19 
 20 
 91 
 
 -925 -888 -887 -885 -888 -902 -931 -949 -955 "942 -930 -902 -866 -846 -825 '810 
 803 -814 -837 -859 -874 -884 -883 -876 -882 '871 -861 -867 -910 -920 -940 -945 -941 -934 -903 -895 -866 -840 -809 794 
 800 -815 -833 -840 -855 -871 -890 -883 -874 -865 -859 -862 -876 -897 -916 -936 -953 -948 -952 -933 -895 -862 -834 -812 
 817 -833 -871 -888 -905 -910 -903 -896 -886 -868 -852 -849 -856 -871 -882 -907 -936 -938 -930 -913 -884 -857 -836 -820 
 824 -833 -856 -870 -896 -909 -919 -909 -890 "877 -875 -880 -886 -900 -930 -968 -989 -984 -964 -956 -927 -882 -856 -847 
 832 -841 -865 -889 -911 -930 -939 -927 -903 -892 -889 -891 -895 -905 -922 -955 -975 -977 -958 -936 -907 -868 -846 -830 
 
 897 'B^fi -8^ '87Q -8QO .QH1 -SQfi -88Q 
 
 880 
 875 
 878 
 880 
 901 
 903 
 
 22 
 23 
 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 ----- -792 -782 -767 -779 -787 -803 -819 -840 -856 -857 -843 -825 793 760 738 729 
 727 -739 755 787 '797 -814 -819 -809 -809 -803 796 -802 -813 -825 -826 -844 -866 -866 -844 -828 793 -770 -741 736 
 733 751 773 795 '818 -846 -840 -824 -820 -818 -840 -844 -846 -857 -873 -894 -908 -901 -896 -878 -858 -826 -809 793 
 778 785 -805 -831 '843 -859 -866 -853 -847 -845 -841 -837 -849 -864 -886 -907 -913 -909 -895 -883 -850 -828 -807 -795 
 791 -804 -817 -839 -859 -887 -877 -863 -855 -842 -833 '832 '848 -858 -872 -895 -901 -901 -881 -860 -840 -805 791 775 
 781 792 -806 -823 '846 -858 -865 -849 -827 -824 -825 -827 -845 -855 -881 "894 -905 -906 -885 -863 -831 -803 779 772 
 766 -777 791 - 811 '835 "810 -SIS -836 
 
 822 
 800 
 835 
 849 
 847 
 839 
 
 29 
 30 
 
 804 -802 790 780 796 -814 -840 -864 -871 -871 -858 -831 -800 781 -755 -738 
 739 755 778 793 '820 -838 -842 -815 794 784 769 771 778 797 '815 -837 -847 -849 -834 -819 -787 -757 728 713 
 
 812 
 794 
 
 Means 
 
 0-756 -772 -792 -815 -835 -854 -856 -845 -829 -814 -805 '806 -817 -833 -853 '872 "886 "884 -871 "851 -820 '789 -766 754 
 
 0-824 
 
 * The numbers iu these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 59 
 
234 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (Corrected) 
 Barometer at 32=*29 English Inches -f the number in the Table 
 
 Gotting'en 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Dnilyand 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h m. h.m. h. m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h.m. h.m. li.m. li.m. h.m. h.m. li.m. li. m. li.m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 0.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 IS. 11 11.11 15,11 10.41 17.J1 18.41 10.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 S 13 
 2- 14 
 
 N 15 
 ^ 16 
 % 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0715 0728 0758 0769 0788 0'809 0797 0778 0751 0728 0720 0741' 0744 07CO 0781 0795 0'803 0792 0774 0744 0717 0'687 0'658 0'639 
 639 -644 -664 -681 '701 '720 "732 -724 -698 -691 -703 '705 "699 -711 -739 -764 -764 -759 -738 "735 '704 -683 -653 -646 
 648 -664 -676 -686 -713 -739 '752 '764 -745 -735 -732 -730 '736 '761 -771 "808 -806 '812 -805 -779 -756 -734 712 -696 
 693 -694 -701 -741 762 783 772 768 764 752 751 757 769 784 -805 "821 -831 -837 "828 -811 781 759 727 715 
 708 718 744 771 700 'Sl '87 '819 
 
 In. 
 
 0-749 
 704 
 740 
 767 
 
 801 
 817 
 775 
 742 
 713 
 694 
 
 688 
 743 
 740 
 707 
 711 
 732 
 
 736 
 681 
 657 
 663 
 654 
 599 
 
 602 
 643 
 653 
 673 
 709 
 
 798 791 789 -802 -808 "829 '839 '856 -861 -871 -858 -840 -810 773 760 745 
 743 748 770 796 -812 -833/844 -839 -839 -826 -814 -828 '835 -853 -865 "873 -883 -880 '866 "838 799 766 744 715 
 717 724 746 761 782 -807 "819 -814 -802 786 781 787 791 '811 -820 '829 -842 -831 .'804 776 736 709 -673 -660 
 656 -666 -697 736 762 770 777 767 761 739 736 742 744 757 780 798 '813 -805 789 760 725 -698 '667 -653 
 659 -664 -690 714 749 760 755 747 738 713 70S 711 721 730 747 758 765 749 732 708 -682 '655 '635 -611 
 613 -640 -672 -694 721 728 737 718 708 '681 -668 -674 -680 -691 717 745 745 743 729 708 -693 -665 '652 -636 
 
 fi4.fl -fwlQ -R^R 'RVR 'RKK '7O8 -700 'f!Q7 
 
 -689 -680 -653 -655 -675 -687 701 727 745 741 734 716 '698 '675 -648 -641 
 649 -666 -699 740 746 757 767 762 760 756 746 743 753 760 771 7-84 796 '806 791 763 743 714 -685 -679 
 679 -696 709 733 762 773 785 772 767 751 740 717 735 751 773 778 -803 797 776 749 718 -685 '658 -654 
 648 -662 -682 702 727 736 728 -716 710 -687 -684 -682 -692 717 748 755 758 763 746 731 704 -683 -655 -644 
 645 -668 702 708 731 744 756 728 705 -688 -679 -678 -672 712 747 769 772 765 760 735 711 -688 -659 '645 
 645 -660 -683 720 747 752 768 747 729 710 -693 700 707 734 749 773 "801 '801 793 776 752 727 703 -688 
 '681 703 714 738 771 778 78S 776 
 
 769 758 733 727 740 755 756 770 770 764 750 737 710 '686 -653 -635 
 635 -647 -665 '685 '698 706 721 723 715 -693 '684 -663 -662 -675 -689 706 712 714 707 "697 '667 -648 "622 -610 
 600 -607 -624 -658 -677 -693 '695 -699 -686 -672 '658 -651 -652 -662 '678 '688 '691 -689 -668 -656 -640 -625 "602 -592 
 594 -612 -643 -651 -671 '681 701 '694 -681 -671 -650 -661 -681 '687 -695 707 703 -694 -673 "660 '650 -631 "620 -609 
 628 -632 -637 -657 -680 -692 -695 -691 -688 -669 '639 -638 -636 -648 -664 -679 "687 -682 -678 -661 -639 -608 -586 -570 
 564 -567 -592 -607 '618 -624 -621 -619 -605 -580 "578 "574 -579 '601 -618 -628 -651 -647 -633 -611 -591 -573 -552 -539 
 
 ^4,9 -14,7 -^Q .7O KQ > 7 -RIO .Rl/t .fiO4. 
 
 -586 -565 -560 -580 -586 -615 -636 -659 -675 -671 -656 -638 -620 -603 -589 -569 
 578 -601 -611 -632 -663 -667 '663 '647 '627 -622 -622 "632 -644 -657 -690 -692 708 -699 "677 -654 -637 -619 -605 -594 
 595 '602 -632 -657 '672 -676 -664 '659 '648 "636 "632 '628 -636 -659 '675 712 727 728 708 -685 -652 -631 '591 -574 
 572 -614 -647 '661 -675 '695 -694 -691 -675 -671 "667 -659 -657 -682 714 710 745 737 724 707 -680 -642 '621 -603 
 604 -619 -655 -690 713 726 724 727 720 -690 -683 '672 -682 -697 743 768 781 789 768 749 736 715 "691 -660 
 
 Means 
 
 0-640 '653 -675 -698 719 733 738 729 717 702 -693 -694 701 718 737 754 764 762 747 727 702 "677 -653 -638 1 0707 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 o 13 
 S 14 
 ^ 15 
 1 16 
 
 E 17 
 
 - is 
 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 * 
 
 0-661 0-657 0-663 0'685 0'697 0706 0737 0724 0718 0710 0'688 0'685 C'710 0'721 0'729 0749 0'770 0'763 0'747 0'724 0'692 0'674 0'655 0'627 
 
 .goo .gog .gtjg .ggj 703 713 70 700 
 
 0704 
 
 654 
 645 
 640 
 666 
 642 
 594 
 
 623 
 656 
 683 
 
 702 
 722 
 681 
 
 663 
 662 
 671 
 695 
 685 
 715 
 
 741 
 725 
 715 
 732 
 717 
 708 
 
 -647 '628 -619 -600 -611 -625 -657 -682 -697 -696 -676 "667 -656 -627 -597 -586 
 556 -568 -611 -635 -666 -686 -708 -698 '6(59 '663 "629 -634 -643 "651 -677 -666 -682 -678 "664 "656 -641 -617 -599 -582 
 589 -589 -619 -644 -664 -678 -691 -679 -661 '645 -622 -622 -616 -630 -652 -672 -685 -687 -659 -648 "630 '60S -594 -581 
 583 -612 -639 -659 '668 -684 -682 -679 -670 '656 -635 '639 -648 -673 '695 712 746 755 -738 -702 -664 -639 -614 -598 
 598" -620 -642 -675 704 -712 707 -699 "677 -649 -633 -631 -617 -627 '648 -662 -673 "679 -669 -635 -608 -578 -544 -530 
 528 -539 -560 -589 -601 '611 -638 -634 -616 "597 '589 '589 '600 '612 -634 '643 '645 '638 -615 -600 -570 -546 '532 '521 
 
 ^T -WT *,%] -WV -RCl*! -fi'30 'fi/U -fi^P 
 
 -637 -627 -619 "633 -637 '643 -664 -687 -694 "686 -671 '651 -628 -600 -572 -555 
 556 -573 -599 -642 -657 '668 -672 -668 '656 -649 '641 '649 -667 -689 -703 -712 723 712 -698 '679 -656 -638 "624 -606 
 610 -628 '637 -653 -684 "689 -698 -679 "670 -664 -682 -672 "685 '708 721 -751 -759 '751 735 709 -684 -656 "634 -625 
 619 -634 -648 -676 -697 703 734 719 711 -701 '697 '695 -70S 720 -744 -756 -774 764 -752 '721 -700 '672 -655 -642 
 649 -663 -681 710 722 727 745 737 '732 728 727 739 750 755 770 777 777 781 -765 '740 -713 "685 '646 -619 
 612 -621 -648 -680 -687 '696 708 705 -693 -686 '671 "696 -692 714 716 722 741 739 -723 -696 "670 "633 -60S -577 
 
 ^RT -^QD 'ROB -fiOQ .fi^O R7rt .R7Q .R7fl 
 
 675 -661 -650 '648 -663 -692 -716 -726 727 732 725 -703 -663 -647 -612 -597 
 598 -603 -632 -646 -673 '681 -679 -678 "662 -638 '633 "640 -653 -661 -689 -707 -720 727 -717 -692 -671 -651 -620 -614 
 600 -602 -617 -653 -671 '682 -692 700 "687 -671 '654 "664 -669 -674 -681 -707 712 "722 -716 703 '689 -661 -636 -644 
 673 -645 -659 -691 733 736 -729 -703 "693 '679 -681 '689 -695 -702 724 -722 -736 734 727 709 -687 -667 -645 -624 
 626 -636 -656 -658 -672 '686 -699 -692 -674 '670 "676 "676 -679 -691 -714 -720 738 748 731 717 '700 -678 -657 -646 
 646 -650 -670 -686 -699 729 737 737 723 721 703 716 736 741 743 747 -756 '752 -742 -734 -716 -707 -690 -671 
 
 R74. 'fiS-iR -RQQ .707 -7'}1 '7^0 -7fi.l '7fiQ 
 
 -778 -766 762 742 741 754 772 786 795 793 774 -757 -725 -705 -687 -673 
 663 -665 -698 -743 776, 765 -774 -766 752 734 723 719 736 742 768 775 784 766 741 -711 -687 -658 -636 -627 
 629 -655 -671 '699 719 730 716 704 704 -697 "688 '699 -713 732 757 780 -796 788 774 752 "720 -695 -666 '665 
 668 -678 705 729 737 749 755 746 729 721 713 713 723 '746 752 780 793 796 770 760 729 708 -688 '673 
 659 -665 -696 714 727 749 739 723 717 -712 707 '688 -692 -716 739 751 -777 -779 766 745 716 -692 -672 -659 
 667 -673 -681 701 718 776 758 736 725 708 -696 '685 -699 709 726 747 758 754 737 713 '691 -665 -643 '620 
 
 Means 0'616 -625 -647 '671 -691 -704 "712 -703 -691 '679 "670 -671 -679 '693 -712 '726 -738 "737 -721 "701 "676 -652 -629 -614 1 0'682 
 
 *The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 235 
 
 BAROMETRIC PEES SURE (Corrected) 
 Barometer at 32 C =29 English Inches + the number in the Table 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 123 45 678 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 )ailyan<j 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. b. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m h m 
 1.11 5. -11 0.11 7.41 8.41 8.41 10.11 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 June 30 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 o 13 
 
 8 14 
 
 - 1 15 
 t* 16 
 g 17 
 E 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In In ' 
 
 In. 
 
 0-657 
 623 
 647 
 680 
 723 
 749 
 
 769 
 787 
 730 
 686 
 668 
 663 
 
 661 
 672 
 703 
 729 
 731 
 725 
 
 713 
 746 
 736 
 703 
 725 
 741 
 
 730 
 715 
 
 744 
 
 O'GIO 0*603 0'G34 O'TOO 0'715 0'719 0'79 0'711 - ' - 
 
 _ . 0-001 0-056 0-642 0'G34 0'642 0'G58 0'684 0'694 0'697 0'690 0'682 0'672 0'635 0'586 0'565 0'543 
 
 528 -543 -565 "592 '626 -640 -638 -638 -634 -624 -626 -626 '626 -645 -668 -677 '689 -687 '665 -651 -621 -602 -586 -566 
 551 -564 -621 -626 '645 -658 '668 -668 -656 -655 -648 -641 -652 -657 -679 -700 '702 -704 -692 -674 -657 -632 -598 '583 
 580 -585-608 -655 -685 -688 '694 -698 -694 -690 '6b5 -689 '689 -693 -707 -730 -747 -735 -730 -718 '697 -669 -642 -623 
 616 -622 -650 '678 -707 '726 -734 '733 '725 '716 '706 -713 '734 -743 '771 '779 '793 -796 -786 -771 -755 -723 '702 -684 
 690 -696. -706 -722 '748 '767 -782 -765 -751 '746 '736 -736 '750 '757 '779 "797 '821 -804 -798 '779 '756 -722 -696 -674 
 "665 "681 "711 "736 "758 '77(3 '785 "777 
 
 -818 -788 -779 -765 -773 -799 -818 '833 "839 -828 -822 '791 -766 -736 '711 -705 
 718 -732 -748 '773 '792 -812 '816 '805 '802 -788 '773 -787 '812 -826 '838 '849 '851 -832 "814 '799 -776 -744 '710 -694 
 690 -697 -705 -718 "755 "761 '762 -750 -736 '718 '713 -724 -735 -748 '760 '777 '778 "774 '754 '727 -716 '688 '668 "660 
 634 -635 -664 '674 -701 -730 '743 -724 -719 -694 '667 -669 '673 -685 '704 '719 '738 '736 -721 '694 -670 -646 '616 '599 
 594 -607 '644 "661 "681 '706 '722 '711 -695 -652 '651 -637 '640 -661 '673 '682 '699 '707 '712 '697 -681 -659 '630 -619 
 611 -616 -629 -649 '671 '679 '693 '679 -667 -645 "639 -646 '670 -691 '708 '729 '728 '722 '709 '681 '647 -618 '592 -582 
 615 '63 - 653 '69 "701 '719 '75 '705 
 
 -663 -645 '638 -636 '639 -657 '675 '688 '704 -701 '693 '664 '647 -614 '589 -582 
 575 -593 '617 '638 "671 -698 '700 '694 -682 '666 '653 '655 '665 -683 '700 '705 '727 '739 '738 '721 '692 -661 '628 '616 
 617 -626 -653 -673 '698 '705 '715 '713 -702 -694 '684 '697 '709 '723 '742 '759 "773 '768 -757 "732 -722 -696 '673 '652 
 647 -648 -667 -686 '719 '752 '756 754 753 738 721 715 728 745 754 772 783 782 775 766 741 722 '693 -668 
 664 -662 -679 708 732 752 758 771 766 775-744 726 709 722 751 762 783 774 769 749 733 701 '683 '659 
 654 -669 -677 '690 715 732 745 745 730 735 735 731 741 746 763 788 772 778 763 745 727 708 '670 -646 
 '638 -650 '67 '68 733 744 734 733 
 
 729 720 '692 -689 705 722 736 751 764 765 759 741 719 -696 '666 -660 
 '650 -661 -684 726 753 774 789 783 778 775 770 758 764 775 791 799 "806 794 777 749 722 '693 '671 -666 
 666 -674 -696 715 741 767 778 772 768 751 746 740 748 758 766 777 789 793 776 742 710 -688 '662 -638 
 632 -643 -659 -675 '692 721 742 732 721 712 702 -689 '696 709 732 750 757 763 752 727 700 -681 '653 -634 
 620 -622 -642 '672 "692 749 755 759 742 725 715 709 714 726 744 776 791 '800 '801 781 751 725 718 '681 
 671 -688 702 735 764 777 766 761 753 737 732 716 725 733 758 766 788 798 788 767 741 723 702 -688 
 696 709 725 760 774 798 788 780 ______ 
 714 713 701 703 711 727 761 767 771 773 755 733 -699 -668 -654 -639 
 '628 -640 -662 '671 '693 715 733 733 728 717 719 705 707 719 742 768 781 786 779 755 726 701 -688 '667 
 667 -664 -680 708 730 754 -779 773 769 763 743 738 748 758 781 790 -809 '809 788 768 747 722 '694 '679 
 
 Means 
 
 0-G34 -643 -665 -689 715 734 742 736 724 713 702 '699 708 72"l 740 755 766 764 754 733 709 -682 -658 '641 0709 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 i 1! 
 
 -< 14 
 H 15 
 g 16 
 17 
 P 18 
 < 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 HI 
 
 0-664 0-689 0714 0739 0773 0780 0785 0771 0758 0*49 0745 0744 0749 0762 0779 0794 0'807 0'820 0782 0774 0739 0719 0703 0'666 
 653 -655 -663 '687 707 735 748 745 732 -724 723 717 731 735 758 771 782 776 756 743 712 -686 '664 -649 
 645 -639 -651 -678 "705 717 -723 720 -715 -708 720 "727 -732 -752 "767 781 788 784 761 745 714 -693 '666 '653 
 654 '653 -671 '697 '741 772 767 755 
 
 0750 
 719 
 716 
 
 704 
 688 
 699 
 756 
 792 
 766 
 
 725 
 742 
 759 
 761 
 748 
 739 
 
 814 
 814 
 783 
 783 
 791 
 802 
 
 835 
 833 
 796 
 751 
 
 753 
 
 754 
 
 713 -697 -686 -690 '696 709 721 732 748 748 732 721 '687 '657 "640 '620 
 620 -626 -642 702 '692 715 724 704 '686 -676 -672 -680 '695 700 728 738 747 748 729 712 '681 '651 '626 '607 
 598 -600 -626 '654 '681 702 708 '694 -689 -687 -682 -679 701 729 743 762 776 771 764 747 722 703 '687 '667 
 667 -671 -684 710 733 739 758 746 744 740 738 749 773 793 "819 '840 '848 '839 '827 799 772 739 715 712 
 712 725 731 752 771 786 '801 799 795 795 788 787 '811 '831 '837 '859 '867 '862 '850 '819 794 770 743 731 
 723 725 739 756 771 785 796 782 774 757 752 758 776 789 791 '808 '815 -822 '80S 789 758 721 709 '691 
 684 '691 704 709 736 766 771 763 
 
 721 713 705 -694 700 712 738 756 775 779 758 747 724 706 '686 '667 
 665 -674 -692 724 735 768 796 779 750 731 717 725 729 744 774 '803 -808 '809 794 774 737 714 '689 '668 
 667 '688 722 741 747 764 786 773 771 769 771 762 773 781 787 '810 -821 '824 '813 784 759 729 707 '678 
 681 702 722 746 770 785 791 779 777 777 767 773 768 758 774 '800 -813 '823 '811 799 756 727 701 '674 
 660 -674 719 739 785 798 787 777 774 769 751 744 749 754 757 762 780 784 772 778 751 721 '697 '676 
 661 -671 -687 708 732 755 751 746 735 715 713 717 727 741 745 772 798 '817 '806 797 768 746 724 707 
 705 719 710 766 796 '811 '815 '804 
 
 '848 -844 -825 '825 "829 '838 '856 "872 -888 '880 '868 '849 '821 794 774 762 
 762 769 781 '807 '834 '845 '859 '846 "844 -831 '821 -820 '828 "831 '844 '856 -862 '854 "835 "824 786 756 737 709 
 708 718 749 774 '806 '823 '828 '806 784 775 775 772 778 787 "808 '833 -840 '838 "826 '801 767 748 721 716 
 713 726 744 768 '784 798 '807 "805 "800 786 771 762 776 792 '803 "825 -835 '836 '830 '813 781 756 736 744 
 743 741 767 '809 '815 -844 -848 '834 "812 786 780 779 775 787 '802 "822 -833 '830 '814 784 771 747 739 732 
 729 743 758 "802 '821 "838 "842 '837 '829 -813 '802 789 795 '810 '824 '846 '861 "853 "835 '813 775 763 746 732 
 739 767 777 799 "834 '857 '86 '859 
 
 837 -824 -819 -819 '825 '846 "862 '891 '907 "909 -915 -878 -840 '806 791 775 
 766 782 -804 '841 "866 '888 '894 '870 '866 -846 -836 -822 '817 "840 '850 '863 '870 '865 -857 -830 -803 791 767 749 
 752 759 784 '812 "845 '862 -868 '858 '836 -805 786 777 787 794 '806 '836 '849 "838 -821 787 766 730 '690 '667 
 665 '684 721 763 779 784 782 773 770 760 738 725 733 751 784 '803 '812 -809 793 775 736 722 701 '671 
 675 "695 724 739 762 786 793 792 764 748 746 752 760 751 755 790 -801 '80S 795 775 753 727 700 '670 
 687 701 729 752 785 799 '813 794 782 782 762 .770 761 758 785 '801 798 781 773 754 725 '695 '663 '642 
 
 Means 1 0-689 -700 '720 '747 -771 789 -796 "786 -774 -763 -755 -754 -762 -773 '789 "808 -820 -819 -805 -786 -755 -730 -708 -690)0-762 
 
 s The numbers in these columns are not observed, b.nt interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
236 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (Corrected) 
 Barometer at 32=29 English Inches+the number in the Table 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 1G 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily anc 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h, m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m h. m. b. m. h. m. h. m, h. m. h. m. h. m. li.in. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.4J 10.41 11.41 12,41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 S 12 
 
 P3 13 
 W 14 
 ** 
 
 a 15 
 
 H 16 
 
 CU 17 
 H 18 
 02 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. Jn. In. In. 
 
 0'616 O'GS'l 0'68S 71 0713 0779 0783 07G 1 
 
 In. 
 
 0-701 
 697 
 701 
 745 
 785 
 769 
 
 790 
 808 
 766 
 744 
 757 
 755 
 
 720 
 721 
 
 747 
 765 
 779 
 787 
 
 764 
 750 
 726 
 691 
 701 
 731 
 
 757 
 
 _ 0-686 0'686 0'669 0'664 0'670 0'680 0'694 0716 0740 0747 0'741 0724 0'690 0'670 0'641 0'623 
 
 625 -647 -669 "703 -728 "729 -717 "712 '709 '688 '685 -678 '688 -702 '722 -753 '762 -756 -738 '712 -697 '663 -634 -613 
 611 -622 -651 -689 '705 "737 "729 '720 '721 -712 '704 -698 "704 -716 -739 -751 '766 -759 -744 '720 '705 '665 -636 -621 
 629 -649 -679 '705 '731 '751 '751 '747 '735 724 716 -722 -745 -760 786 -809 '826 "824 -818 '802 '780 749 -719 -716 
 718 -727 737 '758 -790 '793 '809 '804 "795 787 '777 -790 794 795 '831 '851 '860 '858 -836 '805 770 738 715 -701 
 703 737 -747 764 -805 '805 '797 794 792 780 757 757 '763 772 772 -811 '819 '823 '812 '787 '752 '717 '702 -684 
 '675 705 "719 711 751 768 779 "787 
 
 -812 -808 787 "786 '782 '796 '823 '846 "876 '878 -865 "838 '813 790 766 -762 
 761 772 782 '814 -850 '867 '865 '844 '812 ''804 '785 792 '806 '813 '837 '862 '865 '855 '830 '807 778 746 725 '716 
 723 -735 761 781 -802 '807 '802 '781 765 '755 743 '759 '765 "769 775 799 '810 '809 791 764 -743 '733 -710 -706 
 718 727 734 759 -775 789 787 769 757 -720 "716 '716 709 725 736 774 790 791 "782 747 727 713 '692 -712 
 722 741 747 762 782 '798 793 768 749 725 700 713 735 "760 '776 '803 '814 '816 '796 '778 '756 731 705 -694 
 700 716 739 756 789 798 "801 793 768 749 732 732 747 762 788 '809 '814 '807 793 769 730 702 '673 '659 
 
 RX.fi -RKR -RQA. -791 -7^7 '7J.fi '7^4 '79Q - 
 
 _ _ _ -746 737 721 712 716 733 736 759 766 769 765 739 707 '676 "655 '642 
 632 -644 '674 '698 714 735 762 736 728 716 711 713 708 725 747 764 786 793 786 769 731 '696 '676 -652 
 639 -658 -688 721 756 793 782 773 755 738 733 742 748 759 775 "800 '805 '817 '802 783 746 729 703 -691 
 694 712 739 759 782 '806 '818 795 767 755 751 761 765 782 798 '826 '830 '820 796 776 737 712 '698 -690 
 697 712 744 771 '800 '812 '808 '804 788 774 763 776 791 '800 "814 '833 '837 '836 '821 794 752 733 728 719 
 727 749 776 '801 '821 '835 '840 '830 '810 792 772 776 781 793 794 '823 '837 '835 '823 793 757 717 707 -688 
 70 71 741 '764 799 '80S '804 79 
 
 763 750 753 741 753 755 784 '808 '816 -819 '810 788 763 730 '698 -692 
 691 -690 720 762 785 789 785 780 765 740 728 722 734 753 781 '806 "816 -804 '803 768 732 707 -678 -672 
 683 '696 735 750 781 769 762 759 745 '693 -689 -687 709 715 737 764 770 787 764 737 716 '686 :653 -647 
 653 -666 '689 714 728 722 713 "699 '693 '688 '682 '666 '648 '670 716 738 753 753 738 705 -675 '641 '612 -621 
 631 -646 '666 '687 720 726 720 708 704 '690 '667 -661 '676 '690 727 754 780 782 767 742 710 '678 '651 -640 
 648 -661 '690 721 740 757 751 747 726 720 716 711 716 740 766 790 '811 -812 799 765 734 '695 -669 -669 
 67 '684 701 733 761 779 795 783 
 
 781 764 758 743 749 780 '811 -815 -836 '818 -804 778 737 712 -696 -684 
 
 Means (0-678 -694 -717 -742 -767 -780 -780 -769 -755 -740 -729 -729 -736 "750 -771 -795 -807 '807 -793 -768 "738 '709 '686 -677 1 0746 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 8 12 
 
 00 1Q 
 r-H 13 
 
 P3 14 
 W 15 
 16 
 17 
 8 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0702 0708 0737 0777 0-806 0'826 0'814 0'804 0790 0787 0784 0785 0786 O'SOC 0'830 0'839 0'841 0'833 0'819 0789 0770 0749 0-725 0731 
 740 756 -780 -810 -833 -844 -854 '835 -818 -804 -800 799 '808 '838 '856 -872 -882 -884 '856 '820 793 764 737 727 
 748 761 790 -823 '854 -865 -870 -865 -858 '850 -842 '846 '846 '854 -873 '893 -912 -908 -900 '870 '846 '818 797 783 
 787 -803 -827 -854 -874 -893 '897 -891 -876 -861 '855 "869 '875 '891 -911 -921 -941 -943 '913 '884 '860 '830 '804 '800 
 802 -817 -854 -887 '895 -896 '898 '901 -893 '883 -884 '877 -898 -926 -946 -978 -972 -956 '939 -907 '879 '848 '827 '819 
 82Q -849 -884 -Qlfi -Q^ 6 ! -Q^ -Q49 -932 
 
 0785 
 813 
 845 
 869 
 891 
 
 911 
 891 
 833 
 821 
 
 858 
 869 
 
 848 
 830 
 836 
 844 
 872 
 853 
 
 791 
 
 798 
 816 
 845 
 843 
 826 
 
 825 
 844 
 862 
 868 
 
 -911 -890 -885 -889 '916 '931 '951 -973 '977 '972 -958 -926 "897 '860 "849 '855 
 864 -881 -893 '912 -929 -935 -928 "907 -899 -897 -889 "886 '900 "917 '925 -943 '938 -940 -911 '879 '839 '809 778 778 
 787 -811 '831 -849 '863 -882 -881 -869 "854 -839 -826 '823 '839 '846 -850 -858 "868 -864 -850 '826 "798 780 -755 -753 
 755 774 788 -824 -843 -871 "861 '846 -837 -816 -817 "814 '811 "826 '843 "865 '869 -872 -859 -825 "800 "776 -763 -751 
 764 -779 -813 '849 '871 '884 -880 -875 -875 -858 -854 "849 '865 -878 -892 -906 '915 -919 '901 '879 '856 '828 "806 -800 
 806 -824 -855 -880 '898 -904 -900 '892 -874 -856 -842 -838 "849 '860 "884 -905 -930 -936 -926 '893 '864 -831 -804 -806 
 812 '88 '859 '887 -8^7 -913 "910 - 90 
 
 -843 -836 -820 '816 -822 '828 -858 "885 "886 '884 -865 "845 '834 -795 -771 -764 
 754 -781 -798 -833 '858 -870 '862 '851 -842 -817 -805 -800 -797 '826 -848 '873 '896 -896 -878 '849 '827 -805 -785 -778 
 785 -801 -825 -839 -870 -878 -885 -863 -842 '819 798 '806 -812 -828 -848 "868 "886 '889 -876 '862 -819 -803 -783 -787 
 790 -812 -824 -840 '855 '860 '848 -841 -832 -825 -821 -816 -821 -840 -871 -901 -919 -919 -895 -877 '845 -816 -789 -793 
 786 -811 -833 '866 -881 '892 -897 '877 -864 -842 -841 -843 -871 .883 -916 "957 '936 -930 -920 -909 '877 -843 '826 -819 
 803 -810 -833 '854 -877 '884 -880 '857 -851 -847 -831 '827 "856 -874 -883 '891 '896 -904 -888 -872 "845 "815 792 -795 
 .707 -700 .tjnq -898 -83Q -PV) -833 -8^Q 
 
 771 -749 749 -740 -752 -773 -761 -796 -822 -841 -840 -806 -767 -773 -728 '727 
 737 752 775 -804 -814 -820 '808 '802 793 774 766 767 791 -801 -831 '849 -876 -879 -840 -830 790 -764 754 742 
 737 774 -802 -833 -863 -865 -847 "834 -818 -801 -793 '788 -797 -826 -838 '853 -866 -878 '858 -828 -798' -771 755 -760 
 777 '800 -832 '852 -882 -888 -882 '863 -834 -822 -813 -817 -839 -853 -861 '890 -906 -912 -889 -860 "841 -801 781 -775 
 787 '802 -825 -854 -873 -877 '879 '864 -843 "827 '815 -820 -834 -848 -876 -890 -908 '915 -882 -844 '815 -795 777 '779 
 792 -803 -818 -838 -847 -851 -842 '833 -814 -810 -807 -800 -806 -831 -853 '867 -879 '879 -861 -835 '815 -793 -775 767 
 771' 785 '815 -^38 "851 -864 -851 "851 
 
 -819 -795 -788 781 775 -800 -835 -857 -885 -893 -876 -852 -830 -815 -788 -784 
 788 792 -810 -846 -868 -879 -875 -874 -847 -827 -815 -808 -830 -838 -871 -887 -910 -899 -886 -862 -835 -807 -799 -791 
 792 -812 -842 '862 -891 -899 "892 -882 -857 -844 -830 -828 -836 -853 -885 -916 -926 -932 -910 "886 "856 -841 -809 -808 
 813 -818 -840 -863 -874 -887 -889 -882 -878 -862 -853 -832 -859 -876 -892 -916 -945 -930 -921 -890 '859 -839 -810 -807 
 
 Means | 0782 -798 -822 -849 -868 -879 -874 -864 -846 -831 '823 "821 -833 -850 -870 -891 -903 "904 -886 -859 '832 -806 -784 -781 0'844 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated_for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 237 
 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (Corrected) 
 Barometer at 32 =29 English Inches + the number in the Table 
 
 1 
 
 Gottingeu 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 li. m. h. m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m, h.m. h. m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m h m h m. 
 1.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 0.41 10.11 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 g 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0-809 0'821 0-838 0'872 0'895 0'900 0'893 0'890 0'871 0'S54 0'850 0'835 0'856 0'872 0'885 0'898 0'913 0'919 0'902 0'873 0'846 0'822 0795 0788 
 
 790 -812 -825 '866 -882 -893 '886 -880 -868 '858 '848 '839 '845 '866 '887 -910 -937 '935 -924 -904 -872 -849 '824 '820 
 '830 '844 '858 '880 '896 '906 '900 '895 
 
 In. 
 
 0-862 
 867 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 in 
 
 '933 -904 -881 '886 '897 '912 '923 '948 '958 '963 -945 -916 '894 '870 '863 '864 
 885 -904 -926 '947 '954 -960 '952 -935 '904 '885 -871 -879 -882 "897 '914 -940 -956 '956 '944 -901 '867 '863 '844 -836 
 842 -856 -883 '916 -939 '938 '927 -909 '893 '891 '893 -891 '905 -P22 '931 -943 '961 -957 '937 -908 -886 -873 -845 '847 
 862 -875 -895 '918 -935 -942 -938 -922 '904 -899 -891 -890 '905 -924 '938 '971 '992 '994 '990 -953 -922 -900 -878 -873 
 877 -894 -910 '931 -956 "959 -961 -944 -940 '936 '925 -923 '945 -965 '988 1'004 1-011 roil -990 -952 -926 -896 -874 -876 
 896 -919 -942 -973 '991 1'004 1'006 -991 -965 '950 '948 -931 '935 -955 '967 0-986 -010 '009 I'OOi -973 -943 -914 -892 -892 
 904 -95 '945 '971 ~9 Q 3 '00 "'W3 -990 
 
 899 
 908 
 904 
 921 
 941 
 958 
 
 8 12 
 
 2 13 
 
 03 14 
 W 15 
 
 a 16 
 
 S' 17 
 
 -978 -968 -952 '946 -951 -966 -986 1'009 -027 '010 -001 -977 -946 -924 '906 '902 
 914 -926 -943 "969 -986 0-993 -987 -972 '954 -945 '934 -931 -934 -946 -966 0-990 -Q12 -004 0-986 -952 -921 -895 '878 '888 
 896 -914 -944 '965 '978 '989 -985 -971 '957 '934 -910 -907 '920 -928 -934 '965 0-986 0-982 -958 -939 -912 -882 '857 '851 
 862 -893 -909 '930 '943 '943 '918 '912 '895 '882 -875 -862 '866 -884 -896 "916 -936 -937 '908 -889 -857 -834 '811 '809 
 805 -821 -849 '873 '890 '897 '685 -872 '858 -828 -823 -828 '836 '842 -853 '875 -905 -909 '894 -863 -836 -818 '807 '807 
 816 -833 -853 '878 '886 '903 '890 -884 '867 -843 '841 '841 -860 '877 '902 '917 -926 '923 '913 -868 -837 -816 -797 '804 
 S16 'S3" '858 'S?' 7 ''SO '87" '867 '861 
 
 965 
 951 
 936 
 
 890 
 853 
 b66 
 
 W - 1 ' 
 t> 18 
 g 19 
 * 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 
 -826 -815 '814 '812 '833 '849 '861 '878 -900 '903 '892 -858 -831 -794 '785 '789 
 802 -826 '855 "876 '889 '899 -897 "894 '886 '873 ;860 -868 '887 '904 -920 '942 -960 -972 -953 -925 -892 -872 -851 '853 
 863 -882 -914 '938 -946 '955 -953 -947 '930 '918 '906 -912 '928 '939 -958 '982 I'OOO V004 -990 -961 -928 '899 -886 '884 
 890 -901 -936 '958 '971 '976 '965 -958 '939 "926 '905 -910 '918 -933 -951 '977 0-995 -Q04 '990 -953 -919 -892 '875 '875 
 889 -909 -938 -952 -975 '983 '996 -970 '954 '931 '912 -927 '942 '951 -971 '986 1'Oie -Q19 I'OOi -973 -965 -937 '931 '926 
 946 -956 -989 1'Oos i'020 i-oss 1-025 roos -986 -964 -951 -954 -965 -980 1'007 i'030 -054 -062 -053 i-082 -999 -959 -952 '963 
 977 '97 i'Q03 -0 '015 '057 '01>7 -033 
 
 846 
 890 
 934 
 938 
 957 
 996 
 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 ' I'OlO -996 '974 '978 '978 -991 '016 '040 '065 -063 -055 -035 I'OOO -984 '969 '963 
 962 -983 -005 -040 -054 -060 "057 -053 -039 i'027 roos rooe roio 1-029 -Q56 -069 -084 -091 -076 -049 -017 -987 -979 '980 
 981 -998 -024 '043 -059 '070 '041 '035 -031 '013 '003 0-999 -003 -OJ2 -036 '060 '085 -086 -074 -046 -015 -987 -980 '975 
 982 -996 -018 -044 '054 -064 -066 -060 -033 -022 -006 I'OOi -010 -019 -025 -039 -057 -059 -052 -024 0-987 -954 -948 '946 
 948 -955 0-993 -006 -021 '033 '023 -006 0-993 0-974 0-960 0-953 0-970 0-982 -007 '012 -022 -015 0-999 0-962 -949 -929 -907 '911 
 919 -936 -943 0-974 -006 -008 0'992 0-982 -966 -948 '942 '942 '945 -953 0-964 0-996 -019 -014 1'003 -983 '947 -910 '905 -900 
 
 1012 
 030 
 
 027 
 019 
 0-980 
 962 
 
 Means 
 
 0-883 -900 -923 -947 -963 '971 '963 -953 -938 '922 -911 '910 '920 '935 '952 -972 -992 '992 -978 -949 -920 '895 -878 '878 
 
 10-935 
 
 i 
 
 0-913 0'9'' 1 0'943 0'73 0'83 0'S8 0'G6 0'95G 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 . . _ 0-941 0-928 0-916 0'916 0'926 0'939 0'952 0'982 1'002 0'978 964 0'945 0'923 0897 0'873 0'876 
 
 884 -900 -912 -943 '956 '961 '953 "940 '920 -911 -903 '912 -926 -948 '962 '984 0-994 -994 -973 -945 -907 -887 -879 -880 
 889 -901 -920 -945 -960 -963 '960 '943 '935 '916 -907 "918 -929 -948 '965 -990 1'Ooa -991 -976 -955 '931 '903 -892 '890 
 911 -925 -951 -968 '974 -965 -951 -945 '919 '901 '889 '893 -894 -903 '921 -958 0'964 -966 -954 -904 '876 '853 "835 '834 
 847 -863 -896 -920 "935 '939 -925 '904 '872 '855 -852 -839 -847 -853 '869 "886 "912 -920 '900 -867 '830 '814 -801 "807 
 821-834 -859 '884 -904 '919 "899 "893 '873 '851 -832 -839 -845 -872 '896 -921 '951 -954 '935 -906 '890 -864 -859 '857 
 '871 '8^3 -918 -941 '963 -963 -953 -916 
 
 0-942 
 932 
 939 
 919 
 
 873 
 882 
 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 o 12 
 8 13 
 rt 14 
 
 P3 ir. 
 
 -972 -956 -939 '935 -940 -948 '960 -993 1'013 1-021 1-001 -935 -954 '926 -908 '915 
 922 -940 -958 '987 1W 1'016 1-021 1-007 1-001 -986 -966 -961 -966 -974 '998 i'02i -033 -036 -023 -995 -972 '948 -940 -938 
 950 -955 -974 '998 -021 -029 -026 -007 0-988 -971 -967 -940 '951 '971 '975 -Oil '037 -032 '022 -995 -967 '934 -900 -901 
 910 -930 -950 -971 0-991 0-992 0-986 0-950 -934 .920 -915 '916 -912- -934 '941 0-967 0-994 0-994 0-985 -952 -930 '903 -890 '886 
 890 -896 -923 '953 -966 "978 '981 -971 -952 -938 -922 '916 -918 -941 '960 -980 I'OOO rooo -976 -953 '933 '904 "885 "885 
 884 -89b -916 '942 "960 "966 -976 -962 -962 -953 -934 -932 -941 -954 '971 l'007 '020 -032 rosa roos -982 '958 -936 '945 
 '947 '959 '990 I'QOG 1'029 l' n 40 1-099 i-nn 
 
 950 
 984 
 '980 
 944 
 943 
 961 
 
 S 1O 
 
 m 16 
 3 17 
 H iQ 
 o 
 W 19 
 (=) 20 
 21 
 22 
 
 -993 -976 -962 '953 -960 -973 '990 '015 '035 '045 -033 '003 '975 '944 -914 '902 
 926 -942 -964 0-993 0-998 -008 "006 0-990 -955 -941 '923 -920 -927 -945 '972 0-998 -Q14 -025 -000 0-974 -953 -915 '892 '893 
 901 -924 -947 '985 1'OOS -005 0-996 -974 -947 -936 -916 '904 -913 -940 '977 1'OOS -032 -042 '033 1'004 -975 '939 -924 '922 
 928 -944 -969 -987 0'997 -00] '996 '992 -989 -976 -976 -960 '974 -989 1'Ooa -Q30 '060 -066 -061 '038 1'Oie -998 '977 '978 
 989 1-004 1-019 1-040 1-047 -054 I'Oas i-oas 1-013 -995 '986 -980 -992 i'008 -033 -048 '068 -075 '068 -051 -027 '996 -973 '978 
 993 -015 -036 -057 -067 '072 '068 '060 -038 1'020 1-008 roos 1-016 -Q33 '049 -072 '086 -089 -066 -047 '025 1'002 -954 '960 
 977 0'85 -Q04 '08 '016 '050 '041 '030 
 
 987 
 962 
 964 
 996 
 1-021 
 035 
 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 
 27 
 28 
 
 OQ 
 
 018 '001 fl'993 0-982 0'996 -Q14 '041 '062 '083 -088 -070 '049 '026 '003 '984 '982 
 996 I'OOS -018 '051 '060 -060 '054 '045 -037 '030 1'002 -994 '996 -024 '031 '058 '074 -083 -071 '044 '014 0-981 -957 '963 
 978 0-998 -Oil -025 '035 '040 '043 '035 '018 -002 0-986 -933 -987 0-995 -023 "047 '068 -074 -073 '043 '016 -997 -976 '972 
 976 -986 -002 '019 '038 -044 -041 -035 '018 -008 '992 -974 -989 I'OOO -Q24 -060 '077 -075 '071 '049 "026 I'OOi -982 -971 
 980 -982 0-999 -021 -033 -031 -029 '027 '014 0-988 -971 -969 -975 0-988 -009 -036 '050 -054 '053 -018 -001 0-977 -963 '963 
 971 -990 I'OOi -009 -024 -039 -035 -029 -023 I'OlO -994 '989 -996 1'Oie -031 '054 '072 '073 '066 '043 -022 1'003 -986 '978 
 QQI i -002 -029 -04fi -OV) -063 -066 -062 - 
 
 023 
 027 
 018 
 019 
 005 
 019 
 
 30 
 31 
 
 076 -054 1-040 1-038 1-042 -057 -080 '103 '127 '139 '127 '105 -079 -052 1'040 1-038 
 1-048 -055 '071 -092 '112 '113 '108 '095 '073 '047 '040 '037 '035 '048 '070 '098 '131 -124 -101 '082 '057 '036 '027 '015 
 
 063 
 071 
 
 Means 
 
 0-934 -948 -968 '992 1-007 'Oil '006 0-994 -980 '964 '951 '946 -954 -970 -989 1-015 -035 '037 '024 0-999 -973 -947 -929 -928 
 
 0-979 
 
 * The numbers iu these columns arc not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 60 
 
238 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 DRY THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 7 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 SJ a tlras 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h m h m h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. li. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m h. m. h. m. h. m 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 l.H 2.H 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Dec 31 
 
 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOQOO 
 
 771 75'4 73 - 8 73'2 727 71'6 70'8 69'6 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 e 
 
 t. 
 
 6 
 
 -------- 67-3 674 67-2 67'4 66-6 65-4 65-4 683 71-6 75-8 77-5 791 79-3 797 799 791 
 77-9 76-2 73-8 72/4 70'9 70'4 70'4 68'6 67'9 67'6 66'4 66'6 66'6 66'4 66'2 66-9 70'3 73 9 76 5 79'3 80'5 811 80'3 79'4 
 777 757 74-6 727 71'5 70'6 69'4 69'4 687 68'6 68'4 67'8 67'4 67-4 677 72-2 75 9 77'3 77'9 801 80'9 78'6 79-2 79'5 
 78-0 76-5 757 75-3 751 74'6 74-4 72'4 73'4 72'4 70'4 671 67'4 67'0 67'9 697 73'5 771 77'3 791 79'0 79-5 79-2 78-4 
 77-3 75-4 73-6 72'3 717 70'4 69'9 68'4 66'4 65'4 65-2 65'6 65'4 65'6 64'4 66'6 71-6 751 76-4 79'3 79-0 79'3 79-5 78'6 
 77-3 75-5 -73-8 73'2 711 70'2 69'4 687 68'6 681 67'9 67'6 67 2 67'0 67'4 69'4 72 9 75'3 781 77'8 78'2 78-.S 78'0 78'0 
 77'0 757 74-0 72'3 71-5 707 70'2 69 - 6 
 
 72-5 
 72-4 
 73-3 
 74-2 
 71-8 
 72-5 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 O ,r 
 
 OO ,"1 
 I A 
 
 -------- 72-8 726 72-6 73'0 72-6 71-3 70'5 72'9 76'3 77'6 801 81'3 81'3 80-5 80'0 791 
 79-0 77-3 77-2 769 763 75'3 75'3 74'4 71'4 706 69'8 69'4 69'4 69'3 691 71-6 76-3 787 79'8 80'6 81-3 81'4 801 80'0 
 78 7 77-3 77-3 77'2 76-5 76'0 75'5 75'3 74'6 74'4 71'4 706 703 70'6 701 727 761 78'5 80'2 80'5 811 791 801 78'6 
 78-3 77-5 76-5 763 76'2 75'5 75'5 75'3 746 74'4 74'2 71-6 69'6 686 68'9 72-4 75'3 78'5 79'8 80'0 80'2 78'5 797 79-3 
 78-0 76-9 76-4 75'5 75 3 74-9 74'6 74'2 73'5 72'6 71'4 7t)l 69'6 69'8 69'2 72'2 76'5 781 787 79'3 78'3 78'5 78 8 78'0 
 77-5 76-3 74-5 741 741 74'2 744 74'4 74'3 74'0 74'2 73'8 73'4 727 73'5 73'5 76'6 77'8 79'2 78'3 79'3 78'4 79'4 77'5 
 771 75 - 5 747 74'0 737 74'2 746 73'8 
 
 74-8 
 75-4 
 75-9 
 757 
 75-0 
 75-6 
 
 JANUARY 
 
 O M h- ' I ' h-i K-" 1 ' h 
 
 O CO GO -<J Ol Or t 
 
 -------- 68-6 67-9 69-0 69-5 70-2 700 702 70-3 73-9 757 77-5 79-3 80-5 78-5 79-6 79-3 
 78-0 75-6 75-0 75'3 75'4 75'2 75'2 74'4 72'8 71-4 70'6 69'8 69'6 69'6 68-6 70'2 74'3 78'3 79'3 79'4 79'5 79'6 797 791 
 78-3 77-3 76-5 76'3 761 75'5 75'2 73'8 72'8 71'6 701 701 70'0 69'6 68'4 71 "4 76'3 78'3 791 80'5 801 80'2 79'4 791 
 78-0 76-5 75-5 75'3 747 74'6 74'2 73'6 727 69'4 68'6 67'6 66'4 66 8 661 70'5 74'6 77'5 787 79'9 80'3 &0'5 79-8 79'3 
 77-8 76-3 75-3 74'6 74'2 73'6 73'3 72'6 71'9 67'6 67'5 66'6 66'6 66-2 65-4 68'5 73'3 75'5 77'3 791 787 78'3 78'4 77'9 
 77-0 75-5 747 74-3 74-2 73'6 721 70'9 71'4 70'9 70'6 70'5 69'6 70'2 701 71'6 73'5 761 79'2 801 79'5 80'5 78'6 78'5 
 77'6 76'3 75'5 74'8 74'3 74 - 4 734 71'6 
 
 741 
 74-8 
 75-2 
 74-2 
 73-2 
 74-3 
 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 -------- 70-6 71-6 71-5 70-6 69'4 69'5 68'6 71'6 74'4 76'5 78'3 78'0 78'3 80'3 791 78'5 
 78-0 76-5 75-3 75'3 74-5 74-4 73 6 73-0 74-2 74'0 731 731 72'5 71-9 70-4 73'2 75-6 77'4 791 80-5 81'3 80'5 807 79-3 
 78-3 761 75-2 74'6 74'5 74'4 73-8 73-3 70'6 68'5 67"4 67'4 67'2 66'4 66'4 684 727 75'2 77-8 79 : 79'5 801 79-6 794 
 777 75-4 73-5 72-4 72-3 69'0 681 66'9 66-6 66'2 65'6 641 637 63'4 63'2 67'4 72 2 75'2 78'0 79'3 79-4 797 79'5 79'0 
 78-0 76-2 75-2 74'9 75'2 731 741 74-2 73'3 731 721 70'4 687 67'6 667 70'4 75'4 77 6 79'3 807 80-6 80'4 79'6 79-5 
 79-0 76-4 76-3 76'0 75'5 75-5 753 74'6 73'8 70-9 69'6 69'0 68'6 67'6 68'5 71-6 75'5 78'3 801 81'3 817 811 80'5 80-4 
 79-2 78-0 76-5 76'3 75-5 75-5 75-3 74-4 - - 
 70-4 70-2 73-4 73'8 74'2 736 70'4 73'2 76'3 79'3 81'2 80-8 821 807 81'4 817 
 80-2 78-2 77-2 767 76'4 76'3 75-8 75'5 72-9 71'6 71-6 717 72'4 73-2 72-4 74-2 77-5 793 79-8 82'5 82-3 81-8 80'8 81-3 
 79-6 787 77-5 77'2 76-9 76'8 76 5 76'3 75'4 74-5 73'3 73'0 722 7T4 717 73'8 766 791 81'4 81'8 821 821 81-6 80'9 
 
 74-4 
 757 
 73-6 
 71-6 
 74-8 
 75-3 
 
 76-4 
 767 
 771 
 
 Means 
 
 78-1 76-5 75-4 74'8 74'3 737 73-3 72'6 71 -5 70'6 701 69'5 691 68-8 68'4 70-9 74'6 771 78'8 79'9 80-2 79'9 797 79'2 
 
 i 74-5 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 80-3 78-5 77-3 76-5 76-4 757 75'3 73'8 73'3 72'5 72 1 71-6 707 69'6 68-6 72'6 75'3 77'3 80'2 82'0 82'5 827 82-5 81-8 
 81-0 79-3 777 771 76'2 75-5 747 73-4 72'4 721 71-6 70-9 701 69'2 68'5 71-3 76-2 78'8 80'3 81'3 81'6 82'2 82-6 81'8 
 81-9 79-4 77-4 771 76-3 75'3 73'8 73'3 72'4 71 4 70'6 71-4 70'4 70'6 69 4 72'9 75'8 79 5 80'8 81'5 82'0 81'6 82-2 811 
 8Q-4 79-0 76'6 75-4 731 7"i 71'6 70'-1 - 
 
 76-2 
 761 
 76-2 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 ,-, n 
 
 71'2 70-5 69-5 69'6 69'2 68'4 68'4 72-4 75'3 79'2 80'8 81'8 81-9 817 817 807 
 79-4 777 777 757 742 72'4 71'4 70'4 69-2 68'6 68'2 67'8 68'3 68'4 67'4 71'2 74'9 77'6 801 817 82'3 82'2 817 807 
 79-8 781 77'9 775 76'3 74-6 73'0 72-2 71'2 70'6 70-4 70'4 70'6 70'0 70'2 71-9 76'3 79'5 817 83'3 83'5 84'5 827 82'5 
 811 787 78-5 77'5 761 737 72'9 72'2 71-2 70'6 69 9 701 70'2 701 70'4 72'6 76'3 79'5 81'3 851 85'5 84-5 83-3 82'3 
 807 787 777 75'5 75'0 72'9 72'0 71'2 70'3 69-4 69'2 687 687 67'9 67'6 70'4 74'4 77:3 79'8 81'9 82'9 83'3 82-3 82'3 
 807 78-9 77-3 76-6 74'2 71-4 711 71-0 71 2 69-8 69'4 68'9 68'4 67'9 681 704 74'6 77'3 800 81'6 84-0 847 84'8 83-6 
 81'9 79'5 78'3 77'3 75'8 7l'l 73'6 7'6 
 
 751 
 
 74-5 
 76-2 
 76-4 
 75-0 
 75-2 
 
 * (M co -* 10 co r~ cc 
 
 i i i rH r-f i 1 rH r \ 
 
 )98i AHViraai 
 
 71-9 70-9 70-6 70'9 71-2 70'6 70 2 731 761 78'8 81-4 82-5 82'8 82'8 827 82 5 
 81-2 80-0 781 771 76'5 75'3 73'4 72'2 71'6 70'4 69'6 69'4 68-6 691 69'2 72-5 76-3 79'9 817 82'5 83'4 83'5 83'5 82-3 
 80-9 79-5 77-6 77'2 76'5 763 75'3 747 72'4 71-4 71 -2 70'4 70-3 69'8 69-5 72-9 76'5 80-7 81'5 82-5 &2'3 841 83-3 83-4 
 81-6 79-5 78-4 781 77'5 77'3 76'8 76-6 75'5 73-5 73'4 72'9 72'6 72'4 717 75'3 79'5 80-5 81'5 82-3 82'2 837 83-6 821 
 81-4 797 78-3 77'6 77'2 77 3 76'8 77'0 771 76'3 761 74'6 74'2 74 2 74 4 75'8 78'5 80-8 82-5 83'6 847 84'3 84'2 84-4 
 81-8 80-4 79-5 79'4 79'3 79-2 791 78'5 78'2 777 771 74'6 74'6 74'4 74-5 762 791 817 83'0 863 86'6 85'3 848 83'4 
 82'3 80-8 79-5 79-1 78-^1 78-fi 78- *> 78-2 - * 
 
 76-3 
 761 
 767 
 
 77-9 
 78-8 
 79-8 
 
 fe 19 
 20 
 21 
 . 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 
 74-6 73-6 734 73'0 72'4 71'5 72'2 75'5 79-6 82-4 83'6 85-3 86'0 861 847 847 
 83-8 81-9 801 77-2 78'4 78'0 77'3 77'3 771 76 1 753 73'4 72'5 71'6 72'4 75 3 79'2 82'3 83'0 84'0 847 84'3 847 837 
 82-8 81-5 79-8 79'5 79 2 78 8 78'3 781 77-8 77 3 761 74'4 73'3 731 73'4 76'3 79'6 81'4 82'5 84-5 84'9 851 83'5 83'8 
 83-2 811 79-5 7-9 78'4 778 77-6 76'8 747 73'5 72'4 72'3 72'5 72'9 72'3 75'5 79'2 821 83-4 85'0 86-3 863 857 847 
 837 81-4 797 79'5 791 78'8 78'3 780 77-3 771 772 763 74'4 73'5 73'3 77'0 80'4 831 84'3 85'4 86-3 86'8 86'4 85'4 
 83-6 80-9 79-5 78'9 78-2 77'6 77-3 771 76'5 76'3 74'0 73~2 72 9 72'6 72'6 761 80'0 83-2 85-5 85'3 85'5 84'3 85'3 84'8 
 83'5 81'5 80'2 797 79'3 (87 78'3 77'S 
 
 78-9 
 78-9 
 79-4 
 78-8 
 801 
 79-2 
 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 781 76-3 757 74-6 74-6 74'4 74-4 781 81-4 84'3 871 88'3 89-4 887 87'6 85-8 
 84-8 83-0 82-3 811 809 80-3-80-0 79'3 78'3 77-5 76-3 75'1 737 73'6 74-6 78-1 82'1 84-5 85'5 86-3 87'4 87'5 87'4 85'7 
 84-5 82-3 81-6 80'3 79'4 77-7 76'0 74'9 74'2 71'9 72'4 72'2 70'9 70'7 71'9 75'3 78'6 82-4 85-4 88'3 88'5 89-0 877 867 
 85-8 83-4 81-7 801 787 75-4 74-7 72-9 73'8 73'2 72-7 72'5 72-1 71'6 71-6 75-3 80-1 83'8 87'1 90'5 88'4 89-2 88'5 86-6 
 
 807 
 811 
 79-3 
 79-6 
 
 Means 
 
 82-1 80-2 78-9 78'0 77 2 76-2 75'5 74-8 74-1 73-1 72-6 72-0 71'5 711 71-1 74'2 77'8 80'7 82'6 84-1 84'6 84'7 84'3 83 5 
 
 777 
 
 1 The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 239 
 
 DRY THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 7 
 (Corrected t.o the Kev, Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon I 
 
 6 
 
 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 li. m. 
 4.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. 
 5.41 6.41 
 
 h. m. 
 7.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. 
 8.41 a. 41 
 
 h. m. 
 10.41 
 
 h. in. 
 11.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. li. m. L. m. li. rn. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. b. m. h.m. b. m. b. m. h. m, 
 12.11 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 1(1.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Daily am; 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Means 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 1 84-7 
 
 2 86'0 
 
 3 84-7 
 
 4 
 
 5 84-3 
 
 6 84-4 
 
 7 83-7 
 8j 84-G 
 9J847 
 
 10 S(>7 
 
 11 - 
 
 12 85-3 
 13! 85-9 
 14 1 85-3 
 15185-8 
 16 87-0 
 
 17 
 
 85-3 
 
 18 - 
 
 19 85-0 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 86-7 
 86-0 
 85-4 
 87-5 
 87-2 
 
 88-5 
 87-7 
 87-5 
 87-5 
 87-3 
 
 o 
 
 82-4 
 83-4 
 81-9 
 
 82-2 
 81-5 
 81-6 
 82-3 
 82-9 
 83-8 
 
 83-5 
 83-1 
 83-0 
 83-7 
 84-2 
 837 
 
 83-6 
 84-2 
 84-0 
 83-3 
 85-2 
 85-2 
 
 85-5 
 85-1 
 85-3 
 84-8 
 84-3 
 
 o 
 
 81-2 
 81-9 
 80-9 
 
 80-0 
 80-4 
 79-8 
 80-4 
 813 
 82-3 
 
 81-5 
 81-5 
 81-4 
 82-0 
 82-4 
 82-6 
 
 82-6 
 82-5 
 81-9 
 82-1 
 82-9 
 83-4 
 
 84-7 
 84-2 
 84-3 
 83-9 
 
 84-2 
 
 o o o 
 
 80-5 78-6 78-4 
 
 80'5 80-3 79 5 
 
 79-0 78-7 77-5 
 
 78-5 77-8 76-9 
 79-6 78-2 78-2 
 79-3 79-1 7y-0 
 80-4 80-0 79-3 
 80-6 80-3 80-2 
 81-4 81-1 81-0 
 
 80-6 797 79-5 
 80-6 79-5 78-1 
 80-4 79-6 79-3 
 81-3 80-5 80-3 
 82-1 81-6 81-5 
 82-0 81-9 81-8 
 
 82-3 81-9 81-7 
 81-2 80-2 80-0 
 81-1 80-6 80-2 
 81-9 81-3 80-9 
 81-9 81-2 80-4 
 82-2 82-0 81;5 
 
 837 83-3 81-8 
 827 82-6 81-1 
 83-6 82-3 82-6 
 83-3 82-3 82-1 
 83-3 82-9 81-5 
 
 o o 
 
 78-3 78-1 
 
 79 1 78-5 
 
 77-3 77-2 
 
 75-6 74'4 
 76-8 75-3 
 79-0 78-6 
 79-0 78-3 
 80-2 79-8 
 807 80-3 
 
 78-0 76-3 
 77-3 77-3 
 79-2 79-1 
 80-1 79-3 
 81-1 81-0 
 817 81-5 
 
 81-1 80-1 
 77-3 76-3 
 79-3 77-8 
 80-3 79-9 
 80-5 80-3 
 81-3 80-8 
 
 81-5 81-1 
 
 80-6 80-5 
 82-0 81-5 
 82-1 80-8 
 81-3 80-5 
 
 oo o oo ooo oooooooo 
 
 76-8 74-4 737 73'4 73-3 72-4 727 75'8 79'6 82-5 85'4 88'5 91'3 91'5 89'0 877 
 77-6 76-1 74-4 74'6 73'6 73'4 73'4 76'6 80'3 84'4 871 88'0 87'2 87'2 86'6 86'0 j 
 
 73-4 727 72-5 71'6 71'4 70-9 71-4 74'6 79'3 82'5 85'5 85'9 861 86'3 86'3 85'4 
 
 737 72-4 72-4 71'4 70'9 70'4 71'2 74'4 79-0 82'3 84'3 85'5 871 86'5 86'3 85.4 
 
 737 73-4 72-4 71-6 71-4 71'3 71-2 75'5 79'3 82'5 86'3 89'0 89'0 86'8 86'5 85'0 i 
 
 77-1 75-0 74-3 73-0 72'4 72-4 72'4 77'0 81'2 83'5 86'5 87'5 88'0 88'0 87'9 86'5 ! 
 
 77-2 75-4 74-3 73'3 727 727 73'6 77'6 82-5 85'3 86'4 87'5 87"3 86'8 867 86'0 
 
 79-3 78-3 76-o 76'3 767 76-8 77'3 807 841 86'4 88'3 89'9 89'9 89'5 89'3 88'5 j 
 
 77-2 76-5 75-5 74-6 74'3 73'6 74'5 79'3 83'4 84'4 86'5 87'8 88'4 88- 1 87'4 86'5 
 
 74-9 74-3 73-4 73-1 73'2 72-9 741 77'4 81'8 83'5 851 85'9 86'3 87'3 87'2 86'S 
 
 75-3 74-9 74-6 74-9 74'4 73'4 74'3 78'3 81-8 83'3 85'3 86'3 86'2 86'3 87'4 867 
 
 77-3 76-8 76-3 75'2 747 74-1 747 78'1 81'8 84'4 86'9 87'3 87'4 87'3 87'4 867 
 
 78'3 77'6 76-9 75'3 74'4 737 74'4 78'6 82'6 85'3. 86'3 881 89'3 88'3 88'4 88'2 
 
 801 79-4 79-2 781 77'3 771 77'8 81'8 86'2 87-3 88'3 901 88'8 87'3 88'0 867 
 
 801 79-3 791 78-3 77'8 77-3 77'5 fcO'3 83'5 861 88'3 89'2 89'9 891 89'4 88'2 
 
 79-3 78'3 78'0 77'9 76'9 767 76'8 811 85'3 87'3 881 88'2 89'5 88'3 88'5 88'4 
 
 761 75-9 757 74'4 74'3 73'5 74'3 791 82'2 85'3 87'3 88'3 88'4 891 88'9 88'5 
 
 767 75-5 75-0 74'8 74'5 73'6 74'8 79'4 83'3 86'9 87'2 88'3 89'2 89-3 88'6 86'5 
 
 78-3 76-5 75-3 747 74'3 74'2 74'9 79'8 84'4 85'6 87'3 881 89'3 89'3 89'5 88'9 
 
 80'0 791 777 76'5 75'8 75'2 76'5 80'9 85'5 87'3 88'4 901 90'3 89'3 89-5 88'5^ 
 
 79-3 771 77-8 77'5 767 76'2 76'8 801 84'5 881 91-5 947 92'5 931 91'9 90-4 
 79-9 78-3 77-5 77'3 76'5 761 76'6 80-3 84'2 86'6 901 90'5 91'3 91'5 9Q'5 89-3 
 80-2 79-3 78-5 787 79'3 79'5 80'2 83'2 85'3 89-3 93'0 90'9 91'3 91-0 90'8 89'3 
 811 80-8 79-3 79-0 78'5 781 791 82'5 86'5 90'8 951 92'4 90'6 90'0 89'5 88'8 
 79-6 78-8 77-3 771 76'8 76'8 77-3 82-3 86'0 88'9 91-5 91'8 90'4 91'3 90'3 89'4 
 801 787 77-5 767 76'3 75'6 77'3 81'3 851 87'4 90-5 91-0 91-3 911 90-5 89-4 
 
 o 
 
 80-4 
 807 
 
 78-9 
 78-4 
 791 
 801 
 80-4 
 82-4 
 
 81-5 
 801 
 80-3 
 81-0 
 81-6 
 831 
 
 831 
 
 82-8 
 81-2 
 81-4 
 81-9 
 82-9 
 
 83-8 
 83-6 
 84-3 
 84-6 
 83-8 
 83-5 
 
 Means 86'0 83'6 82'2 81'3 807 80'2 79'6 79'0 77'8 767 76-0 75'4 74-9 74'5 75-2 791 83'0 857 87'9 88'9 891 88'8 88'6 87'6 | 817 
 
 s 
 
 00 
 
 March 31 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 8-3 847 83-6 83'3 821 81'9 81-5 80'9 ------------- 
 
 88-3 85-5 84-2 
 87-3 861 84-4 
 871 85-5 837 
 88-5 86-3 84-5 
 88-8 86-5 84-3 
 87-5 85-5 841 
 
 86-6 
 88-3 
 91-6 
 91-3 
 90-9 
 89-3 
 
 887 
 87-4 
 87-5 
 87-5 
 877 
 89-6 
 
 89-5 
 90-0 
 88-5 
 891 
 891 
 901 
 
 85-0 83-5 
 87-2 85-2 
 89-3 87-9 
 88-5 86-5 
 881 86-5 
 86-8 84-9 
 
 86-2 83-4 
 85-3 841 
 84-8 84-0 
 85-3 83-3 
 85-8 83-0 
 86-4 84-3 
 
 87-2 85-4 
 87-9 857 
 86-8 84-5 
 867 84-2 
 867 83-9 
 87-5 84-5 
 
 83-4 
 83-3 
 831 
 83-5 
 83-5 
 83-5 
 
 82-5 
 84-3 
 86'8 
 861 
 85-5 
 84-4 
 
 82-8 
 831 
 8.5-3 
 82-5 
 821 
 83-3 
 
 84-0 
 84-6 
 837 
 83'3 
 831 
 83-5 
 
 83-2 
 831 
 82-4 
 831 
 831 
 831 
 
 82-0 
 83-2 
 861 
 85-4 
 85-0 
 837 
 
 82-3 
 82-3 
 82-8 
 821 
 81-8 
 82-3 
 
 83-9 
 84-0 
 82-5 
 82-6 
 62-6 
 83-3 
 
 83-0 
 82-4 
 817 
 827 
 82-3 
 82-2 
 
 817 
 83-5 
 84-3 
 85-2 
 84-5 
 83-5 
 
 82-5 
 82-2 
 81-5 
 81-8 
 81-5 
 821 
 
 83-5 
 83-4 
 82-4 
 82-3 
 82-2 
 82-3 
 
 81-3 
 803 
 80-3 
 79-5 
 81-9 
 791 
 
 90-3 86-4 85-6 84-4 84-4 82'5 
 
 827 821 
 82-0 81-2 
 817 811 
 82-3 81-5 
 81-8 801 
 81-5 80-8 - 
 - - 80-5 
 81-3 81-0 807 
 82-8 83-0 82-6 
 84-3 83-8 83-4 
 84-5 837 83-3 
 84-5 841 83-8 
 82-8 82-5 - 
 
 - 81-3 
 82-0 817 80-4 
 821 82-0 81-5 
 8.1-4 80-6 79-4 
 81-5 80-5 80-3 
 811 80-7 79-1 
 81-9 81-3 - 
 
 81-5 
 83-4 82-6 81-3 
 82-9 82-8 81-9 
 82-3 81-7 81-3 
 82-0 811 78-8 
 81-5 81-2 81-3 
 82-3 81-5 - 
 
 80-5 
 82-4 81-9 80-5 
 
 80-3 801 801 79-5 79'3 80'5 841 H7'3 911 92-3 92'2 92 2 91-5 91-4 901 
 79-5 79-3 79-5 79-5 79-4 80'3 83'5 87'3 90'4 91 6 93-3 931 937 92'3 90'6 
 79-8 80-3 80-5 807 80'3 808 82-5 86'3 901 94'3 91-6 91-3 91-0 90'6 88'8 
 79-5 797 79-8 79-3 79'3 80'3 841 86'4 88'9 90'3 92-4 927 93-2 92'5 90'3 
 81-5 811 80-3 79-8 79'3 80'3 85-3 88'3 91'3 931 93-5 93'3 92-2 91-5 90'3 
 78-3 77-8 78-6 77'9 77'5 79'5 82-9 867 877 89'3 89'8 89-3 90-3 90'3 88'2 i 
 
 801 79-5 79-0 78'5 78'3 81-0 82'6 83'6 85'3 86'5 88'6 91-3 92'2 91-2 89'3 
 801 79-9 79-8 79'3 78'4 801 84-2 887 91'0 93'5 95'0 931 92'3 89'6 89'3 
 82-3 81-4 81-3 80'2 79'5 81-3 85'3 901 93'3 96'8 99'5 99'5 98'6 97'2 93'5 I 
 82-5 81-5 80-8 80-3 80'3 821 86'3 90~9 93'4 967 98'4 96'5 957 95'6 93'8 I 
 83-2 827 82-6 82-3 82'0 83'6 86'3 89'5 91-5 95-5 98'2 100-4 93-5 93-4 gi-g j 
 82-8 82-3 821 82'0 81-8 83-2 85'3 89-2 937 96-0 93'9 93'3 92-3 92'2 90'5 | 
 
 801 79-5 79-3 79'0 79'3 81-5 84'8 881 91'0 92'0 92'8 93'3 92'4 91-3 901 
 
 80-3 801 79-5 79'5 79'2 81-5 84'5 88'3 90'6 91-3 91-2 90'5 89'6 90'6 89'4 
 
 80-4 79-5 79-3 791 78-6 80'3 83'8 871 90'8 91'2 917 90'8 907 89'8 89'4 
 
 77-5 76-8 76-3 761 75-3 78'5 83-5 86'6 901 917 90'5 91-5 91'2 90'4 89'3 
 
 78-5 767 76-3 76'3 75- 77-6 831 85'9 88'3 89'3 90'2 90'2 90-0 90'6 89-3 j 
 
 77-5 76-3 76-3 75'5 75-5 77'5 82-3 86'2 89-3 91'8 92'8 92'3 92-4 92-5 91'2 
 
 80-8 79-5 79-9 79'8 79'5 82'3 861 90'2 927 92'8 93-4 941 941 93'2 92'5 
 
 80-3 801 80-2 80-5 80-2 83-3 871 89'3 921 92'0 92-3 927 927 92'3 90'5 
 
 80-5 79-3 79-3 78'8 787 82'3 85'8 89'3 89'8 911 91 5 921 91-3 91'3 89-3 
 
 80-9 791 7'3 77-5 77-4 S0'5 84'3 87'3 89'3 90'8 91-8 921 92'3 91'0 90-2 
 
 78-0 78-0 77-8 77'3 761 79'4 83-3 88-2 91-6 91-5 92-3 92'4 91'8 90'5 90-2 
 
 80-3 791 77-3 771 77-4 811 85'3 88'3 90'8 91'3 92-3 92'3 91'6 91'2 90'3 
 
 79-4 791 791 78'9 78'2 80-8 85'5 89-3 91'8 931 92-6 93'4 94'8 92'8 917 
 79'8 791 791 79'3 791 81-8 85-9 89'3 92'5 961 94-3 93'8 93-4 93-4 91'9 
 
 85-0 
 85-2 
 85-0 
 84-8 
 85-6 
 83-9 
 
 84-0 
 84-9 
 
 87-5 
 88-0 
 88-0 
 
 87-2 
 
 85-6 
 84-8 
 847 
 83-8 
 83-5 
 83-8 
 
 86-0 
 861 
 85-6 
 84-9 
 84-5 
 84-9 
 
 857 
 861 
 
 Means | 88'8 86'5 84'6 837 83'2 827 82'3 817 81'0 80'2 79'5 79'3 79'0 787 S0'8 84'5 88'0 907 92'4 92'9 93'0 92-5 91-9 9O5I 85'4 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
240 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DRY THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 7 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Gottinpen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Dailyan 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. li. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m h in Means' 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.14 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 ' 3M~ \ 
 
 O 
 
 CO 
 
 oo 
 
 O 
 
 90-7 
 
 2 90-9 
 
 3 89-5 
 
 4 89-2 
 5! 90-5 
 6i 
 
 7 91-3 
 
 8 91-5 
 
 9 93-2 
 10! 93-7 
 111 96-3 
 12! 94-3 
 13|- 
 14 94-7 
 15: 95-2 
 16 96-6 
 
 <4 17 
 S 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 96-6 
 96-3 
 95-6 
 
 94-0 
 92-0 
 93-2 
 92-1 
 
 104-0 
 
 99-4 
 
 97-6 
 92-4 
 91-7 
 95-5 
 
 o 
 
 87-7 
 88-0 
 88-3 
 86-7 
 87-3 
 
 88-1 
 88-7 
 89-9 
 91-2 
 92-0 
 91-4 
 
 90-9 
 91-2 
 94-1 
 92-5 
 91-9 
 92-5 
 
 90-9 
 91-4 
 89-9 
 92-3 
 96-6 
 96-2 
 
 94-7 
 90-7 
 90-9 
 92-5 
 
 o 
 
 86-1 
 86-3 
 87-1 
 863 
 86-3 
 
 86-2 
 86-2 
 86-6 
 88-1 
 90-8 
 88-5 
 
 88-5 
 S8-5 
 90-5 
 92-1 
 88-5 
 89-8 
 
 88-1 
 89-0 
 89-5 
 91-1 
 96-2 
 91-5 
 
 92-5 
 89-1 
 92-2 
 90-3 
 
 o o 
 85-3 84-3 
 85-5 85-3 
 86-2 85-5 
 85-8 85-3 
 85-7 84-7 
 
 85-4 85 2 
 85-8 85-3 
 86-5 86-2 
 87-5 87-3 
 90-1 88-8 
 87-5 86-7 
 
 89-1 88-4 
 
 88-4 87-5 
 
 89-7 89-3 
 
 91-3 89-1 
 
 87-5 87-0 
 
 88-5 88-0 
 
 87-3 86-5 
 87-7 87-6 
 88-5 88-1 
 89-6 87-1 
 94-0 92-4 
 90-3 90-1 
 
 91-3 90-6 
 88-6 88-4 
 88-8 88-8 
 90-0 89-1 
 
 o 
 
 83-5 
 84-3 
 84-8 
 84-9 
 84-3 
 
 84-6 
 R5-0 
 
 87-0 
 88-1 
 88-5 
 86-4 
 
 87-5 
 87-4 
 87-8 
 68-1 
 87-1 
 86-9 
 
 86-3 
 87-6 
 87-3 
 86-3 
 90-3 
 90-0 
 
 89-6 
 
 88-2 
 87-9 
 88-2 
 
 82-9 82-6 82-2 
 84-1 83-5 82-9 
 84-6 84-3 84-3 
 84-5 83-8 84-1 
 84-1 83-5 
 
 82-1 
 84-3 84-1 837 
 84-5 84-5 84-9 
 87-3 87-7 87-3 
 87-4 87-5 87-6 
 87-8 86-5 85-3 
 86-3 85-5 
 
 859 
 
 87-3 86-8 85-8 
 86-5 86-0 85-6 
 87-3 871 86-8 
 88-3 87-0 85-3 
 86-6 86-3 85-3 
 86-3 86-1 
 
 84-1 
 86-1 861 85-3 
 86-8 86-3 85-3 
 86-7 86-5 86-3 
 84-5 83-5 83-5 
 90-3 90-3 90-0 
 89-3 88-3 
 
 -r 89-3 
 88-3 88-0 88-5 
 87-8 87-3 86-3 
 87-1 87-2 86-3 
 87-8 87-8 87-1 
 
 * * 
 
 ooooooooooooooo 
 81-6 81-3 81-3 81-3 80'8 83-2 86-0 88'8 92-9 97-3 100-1 94-5 93.5 93.3 927 
 82-8 82-3 82-1 81'6 8iM 85-1 881 91-3 93'3 92-3 92-5 937 93 7 927 91-5 
 83-9 83-3 83-3 83-1 83"! 84'5 887 91'5 94-1 97-4 93'3 93-3 91'5 91-9 91-3 
 83-5 83-3 82-6 82-8 83'0 85-9 88'3 89'1 91-4 92'8 931 91'8 92-8 927 92-6 
 
 82-0 82-0 
 
 83-3 83-0 
 
 84-8 84-6 
 
 86-5 85-6 85-2 84-5 
 
 87-8 87-5 
 
 85-1 85-1 
 
 85-4 84-9 
 85-6 85-3 
 85-5 84-8 
 86-4 86-3 
 84-3 84-0 
 85-1 84-1 
 
 82 3 82-1 82-2 84'.5 88-3 90'9 92'4 927 93-3 93'2 93'3 93'2 92-3 
 
 82-6 82-5 83-1 847 87-2 91-5 94'2 94'3 94-3 84'8 95'0 94-5 93 4 
 
 841 83-5 83-4 85-8 89'4 92'6 97'4 100-2 93-2 96-4 95'8 96-4 957 
 
 85-2 84-5 84-3 871 90'3 94-6 97-2 97-6 97-2 98'2 987 98-3 97-6 
 
 86-3 85-8 85-3 87'5 92-3 95'3 100-1 103-1 ios-0 100-2 99.9 99 1 97-8 
 
 84 3 83-8 83-9 85'8 91-0 951 98'2 1007 100-4 99.3 96-2 957 96'2 
 
 84-5 84-1 841 86-4 90'1 93'8 97'6 300-4 101-8 99-7 99-2 93-6 97-6 
 
 84-5 84-3 84-3 86-5 90'3 94-6 977 wv 100-8 99-2 98'2 97-2 95-8 
 
 84-7 84-4 84-3 86'8 90'8 94-3.98-4 101-2 104-0 99-2 98'2 97-6 97-4 
 
 86-1 84-3 83-2 85'4 91-2 95-7 100-0 102-2 101-2 101-1 99-9 99-2 97-8 
 
 82-8 82-2 81-3 85-6 90-9 94-1 96'0 99D 98'0 99'0 97-2 97'6 97-2 
 
 83-5 82-8 81-7 85-3 89'8 92-5 96'0 970 97-2 96-2 97'2 95'2 96-2 
 
 83-1 83-3 83-1 83"3 83-0 86-1 89'3 92-5 95-0 98-4 100-5 97-0 96-2 957 94'2 
 
 85-3 85-2 84-8 84'1 83'3 86'5 90-5 94-3 94-6 96-0 96-3 96'6 967 94'2 94-1 ; 
 
 85-1 84-4 84-1 84-1 84-1 87-3 91-3 94-5 96-1 100-4 101-2 1037 97-2 96-4 94/3 
 
 85-3 84-4 84-0 82'4 82-3 83'5 88'0 93-0 96-7 1007 104-2 100-4 95-7 93.3 92 . 2 
 
 85-3 85-5 84-1 83'3 82-5 85'2 89-5 94'8 98'2 99'2 102-2 1027 105-1 105-3 ios-2 ! 
 
 89-3 88-9 87-9 87-3 87-0 89-0 92-3 94-7 98-5 102-0 103-3 105-0 101-2 101-9 101-5 
 
 88-5 86-6 86-3 857 85-7 89-3 94'5 97-3 1017 103-1 103-3 103-5 100-6 100-1 93-8 
 
 87-6 88-1 87-3 86'3 85-8 88'3 93-5 96-0 loo-o 102-4 loro 99-4 937 97-2 96-2 
 
 86-3 86-1 85-3 85-1 84-5 87'5 91;2 95-2 99-2 102-1 104-8 102-3 99-3 97-4 96-3 
 
 86-1 86-2 86-5 85'6 84-5 86'3 917 95'3 98-4 1017 103-1 104-2 99-6 97'8 97-4 
 
 85-5 86-1 84-8 84-3 84-1 86-4 89-1 92-8 96-0 99-2 loi'o 95-6 94'3 96'2 93-7 
 
 o 
 
 87-2 
 87-3 
 87-9 
 87-3 
 
 87-2 
 88-0 
 89-4 
 90-6 
 921 
 91-1 
 
 90-9 
 91-0 
 91-2 
 
 92-0 
 90-8 
 89-8 
 
 89-9 
 89-7 
 90-7 
 90-1 
 91-6 
 94-8 
 
 93-7 
 92.9 
 91-7 
 91-9 
 
 90-7 
 
 Means | 94'0 91-1 89-1 88'2 87'5 87-0 86'5 86-1 85'6 85-2 84-9 84-4 83'9 83'6 86-1 90-1 93'6 96-7 99-1 997 98'5 97'2 96-6 95'8| 90-4 
 
 H 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 93-4 
 
 5J91-5 
 
 6| 92-4 
 
 7 89-9 
 
 8 95-9 
 
 9 90-4 
 
 10 
 
 11 91-4 
 12! 90-6 
 13 92-3 
 14: 95-6 
 
 15 102-2 
 
 16J 101-2 
 17 
 18 1 88-5 
 19 91-5 
 20 ! 81-1 
 21 86-3 
 22; 87-7 
 23: 90-9 
 24' 
 25 ! 96-3 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 93-3 91-3 89-8 88'9 877 86'4 
 95-3 93-7 89-8 89-4 89-1 87-8 
 
 92-3 89-8 89-1 89'3 89-5 
 
 89-7 87-5 87-4 86'9 86-8 
 
 92-3 90-2 89-5 88'9 86-3 
 
 87-5 85-8 85-5 85'2 85-7 
 
 91-4 88-3 87-3 87'2 87-1 
 
 88-2 83-2 83-5 83'8 841 
 
 88-5 87-3 86-5 86-5 86-5 
 87-4 85-6 85-6 86-1 85'8 
 88-2 87-1 86-2 86-1 85-8 
 93-2 88-3 87-4 89-6 92-0 
 100-3 91-3 95-4 95-1 93-2 
 
 99-1 97-0 95-4 94'3 93'6 
 
 87-7 85-8 85-2 84'8 84-8 
 
 89-4 87-1 85-7 85-7 85-3 
 
 81-4 81-4 82-0 82-1 80'5 
 
 84-3 83-5 83-2 82-5 82-5 
 
 85-9 84-6 83-9 83-2 83-5 
 
 88-7 86-3 85-4 85-0 84-5 
 
 91-3 89-7 89-7 88'3 84-3 
 91-6 89-5 88-4 87-8 87-1 85'3 
 93-4 90-3 89-5 89-3 88'5 86-6 
 91-5 91-2 88-5 87'3 86-7 85-9 
 89-8 87-7 87-5 87-2 86-5 85-7 
 
 85-8 85-8 86-1 86-1 86-1 85'3 851 84'3 87-2 89-3 93-6 977 1007 103-1 100-4 93-2 97-2 95'2 91-Q 
 880 88-1 . 
 
 87-1 85-5 
 867 86-5 
 85-3 85-3 
 85-5 85-0 
 81-5 80-9 
 84-5 84-5 
 
 87-0 87-1 
 85-3 85-1 
 86-3 86-3 
 91-6 89-7 
 91-6 90-5 
 92-4 91-0 
 
 84-5 84-1 
 84-8 85-1 
 80-2 79-9 
 82-3 82-1 
 83-1 82-8 
 84-3 84-3 
 
 84-5 84-3 
 84-5 84-3 
 85-6 85-6 
 85-1 84-5 
 81-3 81-3 
 
 87-5 87-3 
 
 85-4 85-5 
 
 86-1 85-8 
 
 85-3 85-1 
 
 84-0 83-4 
 
 80-9 80-6 
 
 86-8 86-4 
 85-1 84-1 
 85-5 85-2 
 84-1 83-3 
 82-4 82-6 
 80-2 80-5 
 
 86-0 85-5 
 84-5 85-3 
 8.5-3 84-3 
 82-3 82-7 
 82-3 82-3 
 80-3 80 3 
 
 87-2 88-3 
 86-3 87-5 
 84-3 86-5 
 83-3 84-2 
 84-1 89-3 
 82-8 87-3 
 
 95-1 97-2 
 93-3 94-3 
 89-8 91-3 
 83-3 85-1 
 92-5 9o-2 
 89-8 92-6 
 
 1007 99-2 
 95-4 95-7 
 94-6 97-0 
 89-0 91-3 
 96-0 100-2 
 94-8 96-2 
 
 100-8 101-1 
 
 95-1 94-9 
 
 95-1 95-3 
 
 95-7 98-2 
 
 94 3 96-0 
 
 96-7 96-8 
 
 103-0 96-g 
 94-4 94-3 
 94-6 93-4 
 93-5 90-7 
 97-6 95-2 
 98-7 93-3 
 
 86-5 85-5 85-1 84-3 83-3 83'3 84-9 87-3 90'8 95-2 96-8 97'0 98'2 997 92-7 91-4 
 
 86-7 86-1 85-6 84'8 84-0 83-3 85-5 89'3 91'4 94-3 96-4 98'2 97'0 94-9 91-7 90-7 
 
 85-1 85-0 84-5 83'3 83-0 82-5 83'8 87-3 90'3 94'2 95'8 99-1 101-2 95'2 94-6 91-2 
 
 85-3 85-0 84-0 83'8 83'5 82-3 86-1 90'0 931 96-2 98'2 100-2 102-0 97-4 100-1 102-0 
 
 89-2 88-5 87-8 85'8 84-8 84-3 86-5 89'5 92'2 94-3 98'2 99'4 IOOM 1017 101-6 103-1 
 
 89-3 88-7 87-5 86'6 85-8 84-5 87-5 88'8 91-3 933 96-4 98-6 100-6 102-2 102-3 102-5, 
 
 82-5 82-4 82-3 81-3 80'5 80'5 84-1 87'4 89-8 91'3 93'3 94-5 967 97'3 91'9 90 5 i 
 83-6 83-3 828 82-6 82-3 81'6 31 86'8 92-3 92-8 95-4 977 99-5 96-3 95-2 92-4 ' 
 85-1 83-9 83-5 83-0 82-8 82'8 83'5 86'3 90'3 90-1 92-6 95'2 95-2 92-5 90-7 88-5; 
 80-8 81-1 80-2 78-8 78-2 77'3 77-5 79-3 80'2 81-7 84'5 88'2 91-3 91-8 93-3 91-3 ; 
 82-1 82-1 81-3 80-7 81-0 81'0 80-1 81-3 83-5 85-5 87'4 90'5 91-6 92-6 94-9 90'2 
 82-3 82-2 81-8 81-6 81-0 80'6 831 86-3 88'8 90-8 937 95-6 95-6 93'0 92-4 92-1 ! 
 
 84-5 84-3 84-2 83-5 83'5 82-8 83-6 87-3 89-6 92'6 95'2 97-6 lOl-l 102-4 102-0 100-4 
 84-5 84-3 84-2 84-2 84'0 83'3 85-1 871 88-8 91-4 93'5 96-7 98'2 98'4 100-2 96-1 
 84-4 84-4 84-4 84'8 84'8 84-5 85-9 89-5 89-6 92'3 95'4 97'6 99-4 100-8 101-2 100-8 
 85-6 89-1 86-0 85'3 84'5 84-5 85-4 87'4 90-9 93'8 95'2 97'3 98'2 96'3 96'4 94-3 
 84-3 85-3 85-3 85-3 851 841 84'8 88-0 90-8 92'4 94-4 97'2 96'1 94-0 92'1 92-2 
 82-7 82-1 81-8 81-5 81'0 80'8 82-1 83-5 88-2 91'3 92-2 94'3 96'4 97'4 97'2 92-0 
 
 92-1 
 
 89-9 
 89-0 
 87-8 
 88-6 
 88-0 
 
 88-5 
 89-2 
 88-6 
 90-3 
 92-3 
 93-6 
 
 90-4 
 88-0 
 87-5 
 82-7 
 84-7 
 86-5 
 
 89-3 
 89-5 
 89-9 
 90-0 
 
 88-8 
 87-1 
 
 Means | 92'2 90'0 877 87-4 87'0 86-4 85'6 85-2 84'8 84'7 84-1 83-5 83-2 82-7 84-3 87-0 90-0 92'3 94-6 96-7 97'5 97'0 96-4 94-4 1 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 241 
 
 DRY THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 7 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Jottirigen 
 W.ean Time 
 
 Soon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 lailyand 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 tfean Time 
 
 i m. h m. h. m. h , m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m, h. m. h. m. 
 1.11 5.11 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 June 30 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 8 14 
 2 15 
 
 5 15 
 
 s \l 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 # # 
 
 ooooooooo ooooooooooooooo 
 
 CQ-^ Q'J-A O7-Q Gt-O G/t-Q CQ iE \ GQ-^ CO-Q 
 
 O 
 
 88-5 
 90-4 
 88-0 
 87-3 
 911 
 89-6 
 
 887 
 86-3 
 877 
 86-9 
 84-6 
 85-8 
 
 85'5 
 88-9 
 88-3 
 86-5 
 85-9 
 84-9 
 
 86-0 
 85-7 
 84-7 
 877 
 85-8 
 86-0 
 
 87-8 
 86-3 
 87-2 
 
 83-4 83-3 84-1 84'1 83'8 83'3 83'8 85'8 88'3 90'9 94'9 95'3 97'4 100-4 100-9 99-9 
 98-8 98-5 89-1 87'8 87-5 85-8 86-3 86'5 88'3 87'3 86-6 86'3 85-1 84'7 85-3 87'8 91-1 92'3 95'2 95-5 97'2 98'2 98'7 90-1 
 88-9 88-8 86-9 84'6 84-8 86-2 84'6 84'3 85'6 85'6 84'5 84'3 83'9 S3'0 84'5 87'3 881 89'3 91'2 93'2 941 95'3 97'2 97-4 
 89-3 88-5 86-3 83'3 81'8 81'5 81'3 811 80'6 81'3 80'8 81'8 81'8 82'2 841 865 87'3 91'9 93'0 95'4 96'5 98'8 997 100-s 
 100-5 98-4 94-7 93'5 b8'3 87'9 86'5 85'5 84'7 83'9 83'6 84-3 85'1 85'3 85'5 88'5 90'6 93'8 95'4 97'2 99'5 1007 101-4 92-5 
 91-3 89-2 87-1 87'0 86'1 86-0 86-0 85'9 85'0 84'8 85'8 85'3 84-3 84'0 85'3 87'3 89'8 93'3 947 98'0 100-5 1027 95'8 94-4 
 
 Q'^-f^ Qfi-1 C7H C7-^ C.7-9 fifi-J- Rfi-1 QA'^ 
 
 83-9 83-3 82-9 81-7 81'3 82-0 83-3 87'8 89'9 92"3 93'3 94-8 95-5 99'0 99-2 95-2 
 91-2 88-2 86-5 86'3 86'0 86'0 85'6 85'5 81'5 80'3 79'3 79'0 78'5 78'5 79'2 80'8 83'5 88'2 90'5 91'5 95'2 97'2 96-1 97'7 
 89-8 86-3 85-6 84-5 85'2 84'8 84-8 84-3 84- 1 83-3 831 83'3 82'5 81'5 82'3 85'6 87'4 92'3 94-8 96'2 98'1 98'1 94'3 92'0 
 89-1 88-3 86-7 86'2 851 83'8 83'8 83'8 83'3 831 83'3 82'6 82'6 82'3 82'4 83'3 84'3 86'5 89'5 93'3 94'5 957 961 96'0 
 92-4 91-1 86-3 82'7 83'6 82'3 79-9 77-4 78'7 79'1 79"2 80'3 79'5 79'2 79'4 81'6 84'9 86'3 87'3 89'3 90'6 93'2 93'4 93'3 
 90-8 87-6 85-9 84'9 84'5 84-3 82'5 82-1 82-1 82'3 82'0 81'8 80'2 79'6 79'5 82'1 86'6 88'5 90'8 91'9 92'9 94'9 90'3 90'3 
 
 CQ'A RA-3 C r -)-(~l BO'^i R1 '9 81 r > RO' 1 ? KOfi 
 
 82-4 82-4 81-6 81'7 81'5 81'3 81'7 83-5 85'8 89'3 91'1 94'5 94'7 94'4 95'2 94'4 
 94-1 92-9 90-9 89'2 88'3 87'5 85'5 85'8 86'1 85'8 85'3 83'8 83'3 83'5 84'6-87-5 89'8 90'3 91'6 93'9 94'4 94'6 93'0 92'5 
 90-8 88-2 867 863 86'3 85'1 85'0 84'9 85'1 85'0 83'2 83'2 83- 1 83'3 83'3 86'5 88'3 91'1 94-1 95'6 97'3 100-4 93'4 93'1 
 90-9 89-1 87-7 86'5 86'3 85-8 86-1 85'3 82'5 78'8 79'8 80-1 80'3 80'7 81'8 84'2 85"6 87'6 90'3 92'3 93'4 94'3 94'3 92'3 
 90-4 88-5 86-3 85'5 85'3 84'8 84-5 84-5 84'1 75-6 75'3 76'3 77'9 78'3 80'3 841 881 90'3 92'5 93'5 93'6 96'8 92'8 91'5 
 90-3 89-3 851 841 83'2 83'3 82'9 82'9 82'8 82'3 77'5 77'3 76-9 77'5 77"8 801 81'6 86'9 89'0 92'3 91-2 93'3 951 95'7 
 
 Q'^'Q RQ-A. Cft'O R^-'i 8'3'9 R1'^ Sl-^i ftl'^l 
 
 811 79-6 79-3 79'2 78'9 78'7 80'8 83'5 86'5 89"3 91'3 92'8 95'2 96'0 97-0 92'5 
 91-5 89-3 86-2 85-4 85-0 84'6 84'2 80'3 79'7 79'3 79'3 79'3 79'2 79'3 80'3 83'5 86'3 87'8 90'3 93'3 951 94'7 91'5 92'5 
 91-7 87-7 861 82'9 80-9 79'0 79'9 80"4 80-4 801 78"5 781 78-2 78'2 78'3 80'5 84'3 85'6 87'5 91'3 94'8 947 97'0 96'0 
 95-3 89-2 85-5 84'4 83-7 83'4 83'3 83'3 82'8 82-3 821 82'2 81'6 80'8 82'3 84'8 881 90'3 92'3 95'2 96'7 98'0 99'4 97'4 
 981 95-8 88-9 86-2 85'4 79'4 80'5 80'8 80'8 79'8 79'6 79'5 79'3 80'0 81'5 82'3 84'6 86'3 88'3 901 93'3 93'5 91'7 92'7 
 91-5 901 87-5 86-0 85'0 84'0 82-4 81'3 811 801 80'3 80'3 80'2 79'3 81'2 82'3 S4'8 88'5 91'6 93'7 94'3 931 931 931 
 91' 89'4 8S'4 S7'7 86'7 S6'0 S4'0 S3'3 
 
 82-5 82-3 831 82-4 81-8 81-5 83-2 84-8 87-4 891 91-5 93'7 96-0 98'2 971 96'8 
 90-9 88-3 86-3 85'3 84'3 84'2 84'0 83'5 82'4 81'5 81-0 80'8 81'5 81'8 81'6 83'0 84'5 87'8 90'0 91'9 93'7 94'2 94'5 94-2 
 89-7 86-6 85-9 85'3 84-3 83'8 83'8 83'3 83-5 82'5 81-8 82'0 81'8 81'2 81'6 83-3 85'4 88'8 921 94'2 95-7 97'2 991 98'9 
 
 Means |91'8 897 871 85'8 84'9 84-1 837 83-2 82'9 S2'0 81'6 81'5 81'3 811 82'0 84-4 86'8 89-4 91-6 937 95'2 96'6 95*8 94'6 871 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 1C 
 11 
 o 12 
 
 CD i .1 
 00 1 
 
 ^ 14 
 % 1S 
 
 g ie 
 S 17 
 
 if 
 
 2C 
 21 
 22 
 2S 
 24 
 21 
 2 
 27 
 26 
 2E 
 3C 
 3] 
 
 96-6 87-7 85-3 84-2 84-3 83'8 83~7 83'3 82'4 82-4 82-3 81-7 81'5 80-7 82-2 84-5 88'3 89'5 91'9 92-3 92'8 93'9 94-3 94-8 
 93-6 91-5 89-7 88'6 86-7 86'3 85'9 85'5 84'4 84'3 83'9 83'4 83'3 83'0 83'4 851 87-4 89'5 92-6 93'4 95'2 96'0 97'4 97'4 
 95-2 93-6 91-5 89'3 89'3 88'3 871 86'9 86-9 86'0 84-5 84'2 83'2 82'8 82'8 85-9 86'5 90'0 93'6 95'2 96'0 97'0 98'3 97'4 
 Qfi-8 Q4.-7 RQ-8 fiR-2 PT-R S^- 1 ) 8^-9 8^-1 . 
 
 86-9 
 88-6 
 89-6 
 
 88-6 
 85-8 
 87-3 
 871 
 87-8 
 861 
 
 85-2 
 85-6 
 86-2 
 85-0 
 820 
 82-0 
 
 85-0 
 85-4 
 85-9 
 85-3 
 867 
 86-5 
 
 84-2 
 83-8 
 84'6 
 837 
 > 83-3 
 83-2 
 
 82-5 821 81-3 81'5 821 821 82'5 851 89'5 91'6 93'7 951 98'4 981 98-2 91"2 
 88'0 87-5 83-6 81'0 807 811 811 81'3 81'8 81'3 81'3 81'3 811 807 80-9 83'3 86-8 89'3 90'3 92'3 93-2 961 97'2 97'4 
 96-2 91-2 86-5 85'4 84'3 841 841 83-8 831 82'5 82'5 81'6 81'4 81'2 81-4 83'0 86'3 89'5 92'3 94'2 957 98'4 94-5 92'2 
 89-5 87-3 851 84-2 83'5 83'3 83'2 831 831 82'6 81'5 80'5 79'6 79'3 81'5 85'6 88'2 91'3 93'8 957 98'2 100'2 96-6 93'0 
 91-5 89-2 87-0 85'5 84'8 841 84'0 83'6 84'0 83'8 83'5 82'8 821 81'3 82'3 86'5 90'8 927 951 93'3 94'4 951 94-9 94'6 
 92-0 88-3 86-5 861 84'9 861 85'2 83'5 83'5 82'8 81'8 80'8 79'2 79'4 79'4 80"8 84-3 87'5 90'0 92'5 94'5 94'8 91'4 90'0 
 86 - 9 85'5 ^'5 8'5 8'5 S3'0 81'3 81' * - - 
 
 81-3 811 80-3 79-3 79-8 80'0 81-2 83'5 85-8 88'5 90'3 921 92'6 93'7 941 94-2 
 93-3 887 86-5 851 83'5 82-3 81'5 80'6 801 79'6 78'5 78'3 78'3 78'5 79'5 82'4 84'5 871 90'5 92'4 93'5 95'5 97-2 96;9 
 90-2 87'5 861 85'5 847 83'3 831 82'8 82'5 82'3 821 81'2 80'8 79'5 801 821 85'3 887 91'3 94'2 96'2 93'9 93'4 92'2 
 90-2 88-0 86-5 857 851 84'3 84-3 83'8 83'5 841 841 83-5 79'3 78'5 79-0 79'8 80'8 84'3 87'3 89'9 90'5 90'8 88'5 88'5 
 88-5 86-3 85-3 847 84-3 841 83'5 83-5 82'4 82'6 79'3 77'5 77'3 77'2 77'5 78'3 79'2 80'5 821 821 82-2 82'8 83'5 84'5 
 83-9 82-5 821 81 -0 80'8 80-3 80'5 80'2 79'6 79'3 79-3 761 75'5 75'4 771 78'5 81-5 84-2 87'5 88-2 88'3 88'7 89-2 88'0 
 867 S5' 81' 831 8'5 81 81'8 Sl'O 
 
 81-5 80-8 80-4 79-5 791 78'8 80-5 84-4 88'5 89'6 91'0 92-5 927 91'6 91'4 90'0 
 877 867 84-5 83-9 83'3 83'2 82'5 81'5 81'3 81'3 80'6 80'3 79'8 79-4 81'5 84'3 86'8 89'3 91'5 93'3 93'0 92'5 92-0 90-4 
 88-5 867 847 84'0 837 83'3 82'8 82-5 82'2 81-8 82'0 81'3 81-2 807 81'3 83'3 871 89'9 92'3 93-6 937 92-3 91'4 90'3 
 88-2 857 64'3 837 831 831 82'6 82'6 82'4 82'0 81'3 80'5 80'2 80'0 81 '4 84'8 87'5 89'5 89'8 891 90'9 921 921 91'4 
 91-4 88-4 86-0 85'4 847 84'5 84'3 83'4 831 827 81'5 81'3 80'9 80'2 82-5 85 6 b8'6 89'5 93'0 94'3 93'4 93'3 911 91'5 
 
 90-3 871 85-5 85-0 84'5 83'9 84-0 83'3 83'0 82'0 81'5 81'4 81'3 807 817 84'5 87'8 90"3 93'3 93'6 94'3 93'3 92'5 91'2 
 gg.g gg-7 85.3 g/),.g g/j,-5 g/^.o g3./[, g3-3 .. 
 
 83-4 83-3 82-8 82'5 82'2 SI'S 82-6 82'5 831 821 80'4 83'5 85'8 88'3 88'8 85'S 
 85-2 83-2 82-5 81-5 80'5 80-3 797 79-5 79'5 797 79-3 787 78-5 78 5 79'8 82'8 86-3 89-2 92'3 94'0 92'6 901 887 88'C 
 877 85-2 83 6 83'4 82'5 81'6 80'3 80'2 801 801 79-2 781 77'3 77'4 79-5 82'8 85'3 87'5 89'8 92'4 927 941 947 95'6 
 88-9 86-9 847 847 84-4 837 82'5 81'8 791 78'5 78'5 78-3 78'3 78'3 77'8 78 6 80'8 84"0 867 88'3 90'3 90'5 91-9 921 
 927 87 7 84-5 83-5 83'5 84-0 79'3 77-5 78-2 781 78'3 78'0 77-3 77-3 77-5 79'3 81'3 851 87'6 88'3 89'8 90'3 901 901 
 86-6 84-2 82-3 82'3 82'3 82-3 81'9 81'4 80'6 77'9 77'5 77'3 76'4 76'2 77-2 79'8 83-8 86'3 88'3 89'3 89'5 90'3 91'3 91^ 
 
 Means < 90'9 87'5 85'4 84'5 83'9 83'6 82'9 82'5 821 817 81-1 80'4 79-9 79'6 80'5 82-9 85'6 S8'0 90'3 917 92'6 93"! 92-8 91-9 1 85-6 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 61 
 
242 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DRY THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 7 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 iNoon 12 34 5 67 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Dailyanil 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. in 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.11 13.41 1U1 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 c 
 
 4 
 
 c 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 o n 
 
 12 
 
 S 13 
 
 rt 14 
 
 15 
 1 J6 
 
 W 17 
 
 pq 19 
 02 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 89'9 84'4 83'5 82'6 82'5 77'8 77'5 77'5 
 
 In. 
 
 83-3 
 
 841 
 84-4 
 84-5 
 847 
 84-2 
 
 84-6 
 85-3 
 861 
 84-3 
 811 
 84-5 
 
 83-0 
 82-5 
 82-9 
 83-5 
 84-5 
 84-5 
 
 84-2 
 837 
 80-8 
 81-2 
 82'0 
 83-8 
 
 84-3 
 
 -- 82-1 82-1 81-9 81-3 80'5 80'5 80-3 80'8 82-1 84'3 861 86'3 87'6 88-4 89'0 891 
 88-3 85-9 84-7 841 811 80'9 80'3 79'8 791 79-4 79-3 79-3 791 791 79'3 821 84-4 87'3 88'5 90'3 90'6 90'8 92-2 91'9 
 90-9 88-3 85-6 80'3 80'3 80'9 81'2 807 80-3 79'6 78-8 78'3 78'5 78'5 79'8 82-3 84-2 87'4 89'3 91'5 91'3 94'0 94-3 89'3 
 86-5 85-5 85-3 84'3 837 83'5 83'3 81'8 .81'3 811 80'4 80'3 79'6 801 80'4 81-3 83'3 86'3 88'6 89'5 91-3 92-0 91'5 87'8 
 86-3 84-8 84-3 84'0 831 82-3 81-5 81'3 81-5 Sll 80'5 807 79'5 79-5 79-5 83'3 85-8 88'8 90'6 93'3 94'5 89'6 89'3 88'6 
 88-2 86-2 84-6 84'3 841 83'5 82'5 82-5 82'2 81-5 81-5 81'3 81'3 S0'8 80'5 80'4 811 82'3 85'8 877 89'9 90'2 89'5 87'8 
 Rfi-S 84,-^ 837 83-3 82-3 82-^ 82-1 82- t > - 
 
 81-6 81-3 78-5 78'9 78'9 78'7 80'2 82'4 S4'7 861 90'3 91'5 931 931 93'2 901 
 88-6 861 84-2 83'4 83'3 83'9 83'5 82-5 81-5 80'8 79'5 78'4 781 77'8 79-5 83'3 86'3 89'6 90'8 92'8 93'5 94'3 951 91'3 
 89-2 86-3 85-3 84'8 84'5 841 841 837 83'5 83'2 82-6 81'3 81-0 80'5 82'3 85'3 88'2 90'3 92-5 94'8 90'9 92'2 86'2 887 
 86-8 85-2 84-8 84'3 82'5 82'3 82'3 82'3 821 81'9 80'9 79-6 798 79'0 79'5 80'9 84'3 871 90-3 92-4 941 92'3 901 79'3 
 79-6 78-2 78-2 781 761 761 75'3 74'9 75'3 76'3 76'5 76-5 76'3 76'4 77'3 80'3 83'5 85'6 87'3 887 90'3 92'6 93'3 93'3 
 91-3 851 831 82-3 82-4 82'3 82'3 81'3 80'9 80'3 79'8 797 791 78'5 79'3 81'5 83'5 85'6 87'5 89'3 91-8 92'8 93-0 947 
 <)S-fi fiH-'i 84,-^ 8^-"i 8^-^ ft^!-^ 89-fi 82-3 
 
 78-5 78-3 78-3 78-2 77-6 777 78'6 78'8 78-5 80'5 83-3 86'0 887 89'3 89'3 88'9 
 877 85-9 83-9 83'0 827 82-6 781 77-5 77'9 78'3 77'6 77-3 77'3 78'2 791 80'2 81'8 82'8 84'5 86'2 881 89'5 901 90'3 
 89-0 85-2 84-5 837 827 79'3 79'2 79'0 77'4 77'6 781 781 78'3 78'3 78'6 80'2 82'3 85'3 86'3 87'8 89'5 89'5 90'5 89'4 
 877 847 83-2 82-5 81'5 81'3 81'3 797 79'3 79'3 78'5 781 77'5 781 79'3 821 84'5 85-4 87'5 89'2 91-3 92'6 89'3 90'0 
 897 86-3 84-2 83'5 83'3 82-5 81'8 807 80'0 79-5 79-3 78-5 77-9 781 79 2 82-3 85-2 87-3 90-2 911 92-5 91'4 91-8 92-0 
 887 867 82-5 82'3 817 80'9 81'3 80'8 80'3 801 79-4 78'2 77-4 77-3 79-5 82-5 85'8 87-8 90'4 91'3 93'2 937 93'9 911 
 QO-4 87-7 87-0 RVi R^-fi R^-'l 8^-^ 89- ^ 
 
 79-5 79-4 79-3 79-3 78-8 78-3 79-8 821 841 861 87-3 88'0 88'4 89-4 907 867 
 85-3 841 83-5 831 82-5 82'3 82'3 82'0 81'8 81-3 80'9 80'6 797 797 80'3 82'3 84'9 871 86'5 88'9 89'0 87-5 87'3 86-4 
 85-2 84-5 83-5 831 82'5 82'3 821 81'8 75'5 75'5 761 76'2 76'2 76-5 76-9 78'2 79'6 80'5 82'3 84'4 84'4 841 84'3 841 
 82-6 82-5 81-3 791 781 77-8 77-5 77'5 77-3 77'8 76-3 761 76-2 771 781 80-9 83-2 84-3 86-3 88'3 89'3 90'4 86-4 83-4 
 82-5 80-5 801 801 79'5 79-5 79-2 78'9 78'5 77'5 77'2 771 77'2 77'3 78-5 82-3 83'5 85'8 88'3 891 89'5 90'6 87-4 87-2 
 861 84'2 831 82-5 82'3 82'3 81'5 81-3 81-3 80'3 79'8 791 78'3 78'3 79'3 82'5 84-6 86'4 87'5 89-2 90'8 92-3 90'2 88-5 
 
 R7-9 RA'7 84.'! 8^-4, R^l'9 83'3 8^'O 89-^ 
 
 81-8 81-3 811 79-8 79-4 797 80-3 81-8 83-3 87'2 89-5 91-8 94-2 95'3 78-4 86'3 
 
 Means 1 87-5 85-0 837 82-8 82-1 81-6 81'2 807 80'0 79'8 79-3 78'9 78'5 78'6 79'4 81'6 83-7 85'9 87'9 89-6 907 911 89'9 88-6 1 837 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 c 
 4 
 
 e 
 
 e 
 
 t 
 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 22 13 
 14 
 
 W 15 
 3 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24! 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 857 84'4 83-5 831 82-9 821 81-8 81 -5 80-8 80-8 80-8 79-9 79'5 78'3 79-5 83-3 85-9 88'2 89-4 91-5 91-6 901 89-2 87-6 
 861 84-3 84-3 837 831 82'3 81'5 81'3 80-5 80'5 80'8 811 80'8 80'3 811 841 85-3 87'6 897 90'8 91-0 911 90-2 88'4 
 86-9 84-2 841 841 82'8 82'3 82'3 81-8 81'3 80'5 80'3 79'5 79'9 77'9 80-2 82'8 84-3 87'6 89'8 90'0 90'3 89'9 89-0 887 
 867 85'0 84-3 83'5 83'2 82'3 821 81'9 81'3 80'4 79'3 79'3 78'3 78'5 80'2 83-5 86'3 87'3 89'3 89-3 88'8 887 8'6 87'4 
 861 84-6 83-9 83'3 83'2 82'4 821 81-6 80'5 79'8 78'4 78'2 78'6 78'5 80-8 82'4 84'4 86'3 87'3 89'9 90'3 89 5 89'0 86'9 
 
 Q^-Q Q/i-Q QA.-O QQ-yl QQ-1 Q9*^ R1 >: \ ftl <f ^ 
 
 84-2 
 84-6 
 84-2 
 84-0 
 837 
 
 83-3 
 81-6 
 81-8 
 83-0 
 80-8 
 82-2 
 
 81-6 
 81-3 
 81-4 
 80-3 
 79-5 
 77-5 
 
 751 
 
 75-2 
 79-6 
 80-5 
 81-0 
 80-9 
 
 80-3 
 81-5 
 80-8 
 
 781 
 
 __ __ 79-4 79-0 78-5 78'5 78-7 79-0 79-6 817 85-3 87-8 90-5 91-3 87-3 891 87-2 807 
 84-0 83-3 81-6 81-4 81'5 797 79'5 78-8 787 78'3 77-5 771 76'3 76-3 76'3 78-3 83'6 841 85'3 87'8 88'8 86'3 86'8 86'6 
 84-9 83-0 82'2 817 8) -5 80-6 80'3 78'4 77'6 77-4 767 76'8 75'3 7o'3 771 807 83'3 8-V3 87-3 87-8 88'2 88'3 877 871 
 85-3 83-5 82-5 82'2 82'0 80'5 79'6 79-6 79'4 79-4 79'3 79-0 801 77 4 801 83'3 85-4 86-5 88-3 88'2 87'5 881 87'5 8G'9 
 861 841 83-5 82-4 81-3 78'3 78-3 77'8 77-0 76'6 76'3 761 76'3 75'5 767 79-0 81'5 831 847 84-3 85-5 85-8 84-8 847 
 837 82-4 81-9 81-5 81'5 80'6 80"5 79-8 79'5 801 797 77'8 77'8 78'2 79'3 809 83'5 85'3 86'5 86'5 86'6 871 861 86'0 
 
 C^-Q QQ-O QQ* 1 ^ CO-Q QO-1 Cl -A ftA-ft 7Q-Q 
 
 787 77-5 77-3 76'8 77-3 77-5 791 81'8 831 85'3 86'3 85'3 80'2 84'3 86'3 85'2 
 84-0 82-8 82-3 817 81-4 80-6 80-2 79-5 79-2 77'8 77'5 77-5 777 77-4 79-3 80-6 81-3 81'4 83-8 84-8 85-6 86-3 83-8 84-4 
 847 827 817 81-4 80-5 80'5 801 79'3 77'5 77-3 77'3 77'2 777 777 791 80'8 83-3 83'8 86 3 85'9 83'5 86'3 85'3 S3'3 
 82-3 79-3 78-3 777 777 77-5 77-3 77-3 77'2 76-8 76-8 76-8 76-5 77-0 777 78-3 80-8 83-5 86'5 84-8 86'8 86'3 87-6 86-5 
 847 83-2 821 817 81'4 80'4 801 78'4 77'3 77'3 771 76-3 76'0 75'8 75-6 74-4 74'8 76-5 79'2 81'5 83'6 84'2 84'3 831 
 81-4 79-8 79-3 787 78-2 77-8 77-5 77-3 76-8 76'8 76-4 76-3 76-6 757 761 76-3 76-3 76-8 77-3 76-8 76-4 78'2 79'3 78'4 
 
 7f7.fr 'T'T.n 77-1 7.n 7^.yf 'TA-l 7^-1 7^-^ 
 
 73-6 74-4 74-8 74-4 74-4 74-6 74-6 75-2 76-5 76-3 74'8 74-9 74-3 72-6 72-8 731 
 72-5 72-8 71-9 72-3 727 717 71-5 721 72-4 72'4 72-4 73-4 73'0 72-4 72'8 741 76-6 78'4 79'3 81'3 817 83-0 82-3 82-0 
 81-5 79-9 79-9 79-8 78-6 77-8 77'5 77-3 77-2 77-3 76-5 76-3 76-3 761 771 78 80'3 81-5 82 6 83-5 84-3 84-6 84-2 827 
 81-6 811 80-4 80-3 79-4 791 79-3 78-4 77-4 77-3 771 771 76'8 76-5 77-3 79-8 S1'3 82-5 837 84'3 86-3 85-3 851 83'9 
 82-2 81-6 81-3 80-6 79-4 79'3 78-5 78-3 77-5 77-4 77-5 77-3 77-3 77'3 77'8 80'3 81-8 83'3 851 85-3 861 86-9 86-5 84-8 
 827 81-5 81-3 811 80-3 79-3 781 77-5 77'3 77-3 76-8 767 76-5 76-2 77-3 80'3 82-8 83-5 84-3 85'6 86'5 86-5 86'2 85-3 
 
 fiQ ft Q9-ti QO-Q Gl .O 7Q-7 7C^ 7ft'*3 7-l 
 
 . _ 75-3 74-5 73-5 73-2 73-4 73-3 74-6 791 817 84-2 85'3 87'3 87-8 88-3 87'3 86-2 
 84-5 827 81-3 80-3 797 79-5 78-6 777 76-5 767 77-3 77-3 77'3 767 77-8 81-2 827 847 87-2 88'3 887 87-3 86-2 847 
 837 81-9 81-6 81-3 807 797 78-2 77-3 76-3 75-8 75-5 75-3 75-8 76-0 76-5 79-3 81-8 83'3 85-3 86'3 87-5 87'6 867 86'6 
 33-2 81-9 791 77-9 75'8 75-3 74-4 741 72-9 72'9 72-4 72'6 71-6 71-9 73'0 76'3 79-3 82'3 83'6 84-8 85'6 85'8 84'5 837 
 
 Means 83'6 821 81'4 80'9 80'3 79-6 79'1 78'6 777 77'5 77'2 76'9 76-9 76'6 777 79'8 82'0 83'6 85'1 85'9 86O SC'2 857 84-6 81-0 
 
 * The numbers ill tliese columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 243 
 
 DRY THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 7 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Gottinpen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 b 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 Dailyand 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. 
 4.41 
 
 h. m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. li m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 5.U fl.41 7.11 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 1H.41 19.41 2U..11 
 
 h.m. 
 21.41 
 
 h.m. 
 22.41 
 
 h.m. 
 23.41 
 
 h.m. 
 
 0.41 
 
 h. m. 
 1.41 
 
 h. m. 
 2.41 
 
 h. m. 
 3.41 
 
 NOVEMBER 1860 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 O 
 
 821 
 81-6 
 82-5 
 
 81-3 
 797 
 80-5 
 82-0 
 83-6 
 
 81-3 
 817 
 80-4 
 78-2 
 767 
 827 
 
 82-4 
 827 
 80-9 
 81-4 
 791 
 81-4 
 
 801 
 80-8 
 80-5 
 80-0 
 757 
 
 * * 
 OOOOOO OOOOOOOOOO 
 
 797 78-8 77-5 73'8 72'6 71-4 70'4 72'4 71'6 69'4 68'9 68'8 68'6 70'3 73'6 76'8 
 797 79-3 77-3 75'5 747 73-4 73'2 72'4 72'4 71'4 71'4 71'6 71'4 73'2 76'5 79'3 
 
 70-^ 7S-O 77-1 7(v9 7*v9 73-7 79'A, . 
 
 
 
 79-9 
 81-3 
 
 O 
 
 82-3 
 83-4 
 
 
 
 84-3 
 841 
 
 
 
 84-9 
 841 
 
 O 
 
 85-3 
 84-3 
 
 
 
 851 
 831 
 
 
 
 83-5 
 
 827 
 
 
 
 76-3 
 77-4 
 
 77-3 
 
 77-8 
 77-0 
 76-5 
 76-3 
 76-5 
 
 78-8 
 78-6 
 79-3 
 77-6 
 74-1 
 73-0 
 
 757 
 78-2 
 78-1 
 79-0 
 78-5 
 78-3 
 
 77-8 
 78-3 
 79-6 
 78-3 
 77-3 
 76-9 
 
 - 72-4 72-3 72-3 71'6 70'9 71'3 72-4 75'3 791 
 79-8 79-5 787 78'0 77-3 76'3 75-2 74-0 73'2 73'0 73-3 72-6 72'6 73'2 75'3 79'2 
 78-5 77-2 74-6 74-6 74'6 74-4 737 731 72'5 72'5 72'4 717 717 71-9 75'3 78'3 
 791 77-5 761 74'4 73'8 73'4 73-3 72-4 72'0 71'4 71'2 70'5 69-9 71'4 75-2 771 
 78-6 74-4 73-6 73'6 72-6 71 -6 71-4 70'4 70'4 701 70'2 68'6 68'4 69'6 73'6 78'6 
 80-5 75-5 741 73'2 72'6 72'4 72-4 72'4 71'2 70'4 687 687 66'9 68'9 73'4 781 
 80' 791 781 77'5 77'3 76'3 75'5 
 
 81-4 
 81-8 
 80-4 
 79-8 
 821 
 82-8 
 
 827 
 82-6 
 821 
 81-5 
 83-9 
 851 
 
 83-9 
 82-3 
 83-5 
 82-3 
 84'6 
 85-3 
 
 83-5 
 83-1 
 83-4 
 82-6 
 85-3 
 85-4 
 
 84-3 
 821 
 84-3 
 83-8 
 85-8 
 85-5 
 
 83-6 
 817 
 83'9 
 84'0 
 85-9 
 847 
 
 82-6 
 81-0 
 82-6 
 83-6 
 853 
 83-3 
 
 78-3 761 741 73-4 72-9 72-9 73-3 76-8 80-3 
 79-3 78-4 78-2 7S'0 77'6 77-3 76-8 76'6 75-0 73'8 73'4 73-2 731 74-6 76"8 797 
 80-6 80-2 80-0 79-9 76'3 761 75-3 771 771 77'0 76'6 757 75'5 761 77'5 79'9 
 78-8 78-4 78-4 78'4 77'5 76'3 75-5 74'9 74-4 74'2 74'4 74'2 73-9 75'0 75'5 771 
 76-0 75-4 72-6 727 71'6 70'4 69-6 70-4 68'9 68'6 67'9 671 67'3 68'4 707 74-2 
 737 71-8 707 69'8 697 69'5 68'2 67'8 66'6 66'6 66'2 65'9 64'0 65'4 68'2 72'0 
 
 7fi-7 74.-9 79'3 71 -n 7P1-Q 7fl'4. A8-7 
 
 827 
 81-8 
 81-4 
 791 
 76-6 
 76-5 
 
 84-3 
 827 
 83-5 
 79-3 
 811 
 83-6 
 
 84-5 
 841 
 83-6 
 80-8 
 821 
 83-6 
 
 84-6 
 84-3 
 83-2 
 82-0 
 82-3 
 841 
 
 84-5 
 84-5 
 84-4 
 82-0 
 82-6 
 83-3 
 
 84-3 
 84-0 
 83-0 
 81-3 
 
 82-4 
 84-2 
 
 82-6 
 83-0 
 81-5 
 80-3 
 80-5 
 84-4 
 
 71-0 697 69-6 69'4 69'3 69-4 70'6 73'6 77'3 
 807 79-3 78-9 781 76'5 74'5 73'6 72'9 72'9 72'6 72-4 71 -6 71'3 72'4 758 791 
 79-9 79-4 78-8 78'3 77'6 767 74-8 73'6 727 72'4 72-9 72'9 72'6 73'4 76-3 79'3 
 797 78-8 78-6 78'5 78'4 78'3 78'0 76-3 75'6 74'2 73'8 73'6 72'9 74'4 77'8 79'9 
 807 80-0 79-5 77-3 771 74'0 757 75'8 75'3 75'2 75'3 75-3 75'3 76'5 78'6 82-3 
 79-6 791 78-3 78'0 77'5 77'3 77'3 75'6 74'4 74'3 73'6 73'4 731 74'3 77-3 80'6 
 801 79' *) 7Q-5 7Q-1 78-3 77-6 7P-4, 
 
 80-3 
 81-3 
 80-5 
 81'8 
 82-3 
 81-3 
 
 82-6 
 83-3 
 82-5 
 83-5 
 83-3 
 81-5 
 
 84-4 
 84-9 
 83-5 
 861 
 83-9 
 82-5 
 
 86-3 
 86-5 
 847 
 84-8 
 80-5 
 83'9 
 
 86-9 
 867 
 83-9 
 85-3 
 821 
 83-3 
 
 851 
 85-3 
 83-2 
 83-6 
 78-0 
 82-6 
 
 84-4 
 84-0 
 82-3 
 82-4 
 78-9 
 82-0 
 
 76-5 73-6 727 72-4 72-2 717 73'1 757 77'8 
 787 78-3 781 77'6 77'8 77-4 77-3 77-3 767 76-5 76'2 73-9 73-6 737 747 77'3 
 79-3 79-3 79-3 79O 78'9 78'3 78-3 77-5 77'5 77'2 77'3 77-3 77'3 77'8 79-4 80'4 
 79-4 78-5 78'4 78'3 781 781 77-5 76'8 76'3 76'3 75'5 73'6 72'0 72-4 76'8 79'6 
 79-4 79-4 79-2 79'0 78'5 78'3 77-9 75-5 747 73-9 74:6 74'4 74'0 737 74'5 76'0 
 74-8 74-8 747 75'5 74-3 74'6 76'5 75'3 75'3 76'4 75'0 74'8 74'6 75'0 76'0 78'5 
 
 79-8 
 81-6 
 821 
 80-3 
 
 78-5 
 80-3 
 
 81-5 
 82-3 
 83-5 
 82-0 
 78-4 
 81-3 
 
 821 
 82-4 
 83-2 
 82-3 
 80-5 
 81-4 
 
 82-5 
 82-0 
 82-5 
 82-3 
 79-6 
 78-8 
 
 82-3 
 82-3 
 82-5 
 82-0 
 79-2 
 82-3 
 
 81-4 
 81-9 
 81-3 
 81-2 
 80-6 
 81-2 
 
 811 
 81-2 
 
 81-0 
 81-0 
 76-5 
 
 797 
 
 Means | S0'8 
 
 79-0 77-9 77-0 76'4 75-6 74'9 74'4 74'2 73'4 72'9 72'6 721 717 727 75'4 78'4 
 
 807 
 
 82-5 
 
 83-3 
 
 83-4 
 
 837 
 
 82-9 
 
 82-0[ 77-4 
 
 DECEMBER 1860 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 79-4 
 
 78-8 
 79-3 
 78-9 
 757 
 797 
 79-4 
 
 79-3 
 
 78-9 
 78-0 
 78-3 
 79'0 
 78-4 
 
 77-9 
 787 
 78-3 
 79-4 
 79-3 
 78-0 
 
 77-2 
 78-5 
 77-9 
 77-5 
 77-5 
 78-3 
 
 77-3 
 
 77-9 77- -: i 7fi-Q r 7 K i-'7 7^-^ 7fi-l 7fi- c i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 75-8 
 771 
 76-9 
 75-4 
 77-8 
 78-8 
 
 78-6 
 77-5 
 75-4 
 76-3 
 75-9 
 75-7 
 
 77:5 
 76-8 
 77-8 
 77-6 
 75-7 
 75-8 
 
 75-4 
 74-6 
 76-0 
 
 74-8 
 74-8 
 76-5 
 
 77-0 
 75-3 
 
 _ _ 70-5 70-3 70-5 70-4 70'2 69'9 70'2 72'9 75'8 
 77-5 77-2 77-3 77'5 76'3 75'8 75-4 75'9 76'2 757 72-6 72'6 71-4 71-4 737 791 
 781 77-5 77-4 77'5 77'3 76'9 75'5 74-6 74'0 73'2 72'2 72'2 71'6 71-6 73-4 771 
 777 76-4 75-5 747 74-6 74'4 73-6 72'3 72'2 71-2 71'2 70'5 697 70'3 73'2 75'5 
 77-3 77-2 77-3 77-2 75-9 75'0 74'9 74'0 73'9 73'9 77'5 777 77'9 781 79'3 80'3 
 79-3 791 791 78'2 761 74'3 74'2 757 77-5 77'9 77'5 77-2 77'3 78'3 78'5 80-5 
 79'3 771 77--i 77-7 78-8 7ft-fi 7 e ,-8 
 
 79-2 
 801 
 80-3 
 78-4 
 81-3 
 811 
 
 80-5 
 811 
 81-5 
 79-9 
 80-3 
 81-9 
 
 81-0 
 81-6 
 817 
 80-9 
 81-5 
 82-3 
 
 81-3 
 81-3 
 81-3 
 80-0 
 80-6 
 82-5 
 
 81-5 
 81-3 
 80-9 
 80-8 
 80-3 
 81-3 
 
 80'0 
 81-0 
 81-0 
 79-3 
 807 
 81-3 
 
 79-2 
 80'6 
 80-3 
 79-3 
 79-9 
 80-5 
 
 77-9 77-5 77-2 76'4 76'2 761 767 78-5 79'5 
 78-3 781 777 77'5 76'9 76'3 76 : 3 76'8 74-9 72'4 721 71-9 75'5 75'3 76"8 791 
 77-5 76-9 76-5 76'3 75'6 75'2 72-6 71'2 707 70'6 70'4 69'6 69-4 69'6 72-4 75'6 
 77-3 77-2 76-6 76'4 75'9 75'5 75'2 747 751 73'4 72'0 72'2 70'9 70'6 73'4 75'6 
 77-2 76-6 76-3 757 75'8 75-3 75'3 741 71-9 71-2 71'0 70'8 70-4 70'2 71'9 76'3 
 77-4 767 76-5 75'3 74-5 74'2 741 73-4 72'9 71'9 717 71'4 70'8 70'9 73'2 761 
 77'9 77'9 77-9 77-6 77-K 77-7 77-^ 
 
 80-2 
 801 
 79-5 
 791 
 79-0 
 771 
 
 80-8 
 81-3 
 80-3 
 801 
 80-3 
 79-5 
 
 80-6 
 81-9 
 80-9 
 81-0 
 81-2 
 79-3 
 
 81-3 
 81-4 
 81-2 
 81-5 
 81-3 
 807 
 
 81-5 
 80'6 
 80-3 
 807 
 80-5 
 79-5 
 
 811 
 
 80-5 
 80-0 
 79'5 
 80-2 
 80-4 
 
 801 
 79-4 
 79-3 
 78-5 
 80-4 
 79-3 
 
 78-9 
 797 
 79-3 
 80-6 
 797 
 79-3 
 
 75-8 75-3 75-3 75'5 75'3 75'3 75'5 76'5 77'8 
 77-0 767 76-3 76'0 75'8 757 75'5 76'5 76'0 76-0 75'3 74-9 71'0 70'3 71'9 78'8 
 77-5 77-5 77-5 77'3 77'3 77'3 76-9 76'3 76 3 76'0 75'8 75'5 757 76'3 77'5 79'2 
 777 77-5 76-4 761 76-5 76'5 761 761 76'0 761 75'5 75'9 74'4 73-2 74-4 771 
 77-6 771 76-5 75-5 75'2 74-6 72'9 717 711 70 9 70'4 70'3 70'3 71'2 73'4 77'0 
 77-5 76-3 76-5 761 74'6 737 74'9 74-6 72-0 741 70'0 697 70'2 70'5 73'4 75'8 
 76'9 76'3 76'2 75-5 75-8 75'3 74'9 
 
 78-3 
 80-5 
 791 
 79-8 
 78-5 
 79-3 
 
 79-5 
 81-0 
 80-3 
 81-2 
 80-3 
 81-3 
 
 80-4 
 807 
 80-9 
 81-9 
 80-8 
 80-3 
 
 80-2 
 811 
 79-6 
 81-9 
 80-3 
 801 
 
 79-2 
 79'6 
 79-4 
 81-3 
 81-0 
 801 
 
 797 
 80-0 
 79-3 
 811 
 80-3 
 801 
 
 72-9 717 71-2 70'2 69'6 69'4 70'3 727 75'0 
 76-3 757 75-3 74-5 73'2 72'4 71'6 70'9 70'5 70'3 70'2 69'8 697 70'0 72'4 75'3 
 771 75-8 75-4 74'9 73'4 72'6 72'9 72-4 72'4 721 731 72'S 72'6 73'0 76'5 78'9 
 76-5 75'4.75-3 751 74'2 74'2 74'0 73'6 72'2 71'0 68'4 68'9 68'9 68'5 72'6 74'2 
 76-2 75-4 75-2 751 74'6 747 74'6 73'9 70'6 70'4 69'6 69'0 68'4 68'4 70'8 75'2 
 76-6 76-3 76'3 77'4 75'9 75'5 75'2 75'2 751 74-8 74'8 74-6 70'6 70'4 73'4 78'0 
 771 76 - 3 75-9 75-3 75-3 751 7-1-6 
 
 78-0 
 
 77-2 
 79-4 
 781 
 78-5 
 78-8 
 
 80-3 
 80-3 
 80-5 
 79-3 
 791 
 79-3 
 
 80-5 
 79-5 
 80-2 
 801 
 797 
 80-3 
 
 79-8 
 807 
 80-5 
 79-8 
 80-6 
 80'3 
 
 80-5 
 80-0 
 79'3 
 79-3 
 79-5 
 80-9 
 
 80-0 
 79-3 
 79-5 
 79-2 
 79-6 
 80-5 
 
 78-6 
 79-3 
 
 781 
 78-9 
 791 
 78-3 
 79-5 
 79-3 
 
 78-2 
 78-3 
 
 77-0 75-8 75-3 75-3 75'3 75'2 75-2 767 78-3 
 76-5 76-3 75-8 75-5 75'4 751 74'9 74-6 74'6 72'4 69-8 69'6 69'2 691 72'2 76'3 
 
 79-0 
 78-3 
 
 79-6 
 
 78-3 
 
 80-2 
 791 
 
 80-2 
 79-6 
 
 79-5 
 79-3 
 
 Means 78-4 
 
 77-4 76-8 76-6 76-2 757 75-3 74'8 74-3 737 73'3 72'6 72'4 72-0 721 74-3 77'2 
 
 79-2 
 
 80-3 
 
 807 
 
 807 
 
 80-3 
 
 801 
 
 79-41 76-4 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
244 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer 
 
 Gottinpen - 
 Mean Time J 
 
 Soon 1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 i 
 
 )ailyand 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 
 tfean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m, b. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h, m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h, m. h. m. h. m. h m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 1 .41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 10.41 17.41 lb.41 19.41 20.J1 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Dec. 31 
 1 
 2 
 , 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 8 12 
 2 13 
 
 P3 15 
 S3 16 
 P 17 
 
 ? 18 
 S 19 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 * * 
 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 
 
 fi7- -: 5 fifi-^ fifi-4. fifi-1 fiVQ fifi-4 fifi'4 fiti'2 - 
 
 O 
 
 66-8 
 68-1 
 69-2 
 67-3 
 65-5 
 67-6 
 
 70-1 
 701 
 70-0 
 691 
 67-2 
 66-0 
 
 66-4 
 691 
 68-2 
 66-8 
 661 
 67-1 
 
 69-3 
 687 
 67-4 
 66-5 
 67-8 
 68-0 
 
 70-9 
 72-4 
 72-6 
 
 64-4 64-4 64 9 65'0 647 64'2 63'6 65'4 67-4 69 5 697 701 69-5 69'5 70'3 69'5 
 69-1 69-3 693 69 1 68'3 67'5 681 66 9 66'4 65-9 65-4 65-6 65-6 65'2 64'6 65'4 67'5 691 70'3 711 71-1 707 71'6 71'5 
 71-9 71-0 70-9 69-9 69'3 68'6 (!7-9 67'5 67-3 66'9 66'4 66-4 66'2 66-4 664 69'5 71'1 72-1 72-1 71-5 70'3 70'4 69 6 70'4 
 69-2 68-7 68-3 67-9 677 67~5 67'1 67'3 66'6 66-4 66'4 65'4 65'8 64-8 65-4 66'4 68'5 69'5 69-1 69'2 67-3 66'6 667 67'2 
 661 65'5 65-6 66-4 66'0 65'4 65-4 65-0 63-4 63'2 63-4 63'4 63'3 63-2 62'5 63'5 657 67'4 68-3 68'5 CS'O 67'5 68'0 67'4 
 67-6 67-7 67-8 67'9 68'0 67'3 67'3 67'1 66'4 66'4 66'6 66-4 66'0 66'2 65-9 66'2 67'0 68'6 69'5 69'4 69'5 69'5 69'5 69'5 
 fio-Q fiq-4, fiQ-i fi-7 fift-2 fi8'l fi7-S 67-S - 
 
 69-5 69-3 70-3 71'1 70-9 69'9 68'3 69'5 71-9 72-1 71'8 72-6 72'0 72'3 71'7 71'4 
 71-7 71-0 71-2 71-2 71-0 70'3 70'3 70-1 69'3 68'5 67'8 67'5 67'9 68-2 67'5 68'8 70'5 70'8 70'9 71 -5 71'5 72'3 71'3 70'6 
 70-7 70-3 70-5 70-3 70'3 70-1 70'3 70'3 69'5 681 68'5 68'3 68'3 68'9 68'3 701 711 70'3 721 72'0 711 70'5 711 69'7 
 69-5 69-4 69-3 69-3 69'0 68'8 68'5 68'7 68'3 68'4 68'5 68'5 67'3 66'6 67'2 69'0 70'3 71'3 71'2 70-7 71'3 70'5 68'5 68'5 
 68-6 687 681 67'9 67'9 67'3 67'3 67'3 66'6 65'9 66'6 66'4 66'0 66'2 65'4 67'2 67'3 67 671 67'8 681 67'8 681 67'2 
 66-8 661 65-5 65'2 65-3 65'4 65'6 65'2 65'4 66'4 661 65'4 64'9 64-6 64-7 65'7 65'6 67'3 67'3 66'7 67'5 65'7 671 67'6 
 66'9 61'7 64'7 65'6 65'6 65'1< 65'4 65'6 
 
 64-8 65-0 65-6 66'4 66'2 65'2 65'2 65'5 66'2 67'5 67'8 68'4 69'5 68'3 69'3 68'8 
 68-3 68-2 68-0 68'6 68'8 68'5 69'5 69-3 69'0 68'8 68'5 67'8 681 67'9 66'6 67'8 701 70 6 70'8 70'8 70'4 70 5 711 70'5 
 691 68-5 68-4 68'4 68'0 68'3 68'3 68'2 681 67'5 66'9 66'9 66'9 67'2 66-2 68'3 69'7 69'3 69'3 681 69-5 68'3 69'2 68'3 
 68-0 66-8 66-9 66'5 66'5 66'4 66'4 66'4 67'7 66'6 65'6 64'4 64'4 64'8 64'4 65'6 69'3 71'3 70'3 68'9 661 66'2 66'6 66'6 
 66-6 66-4 65-8 65-9 66'4 66'4 66'4 65'6 65"9 64'4 64'4 64'4 64'4 63'8 62'7 64'8 67'2 69-5 691 671 67-5 671 66'9 671 
 66-8 66-2 65-8 65-8 65'4 65'4 65-6 65'9 66'4 66'4 66-9 66'9 66'4 66'9 66'4 66'9 66'4 67'9 68'5 69'7 68-9 697 691 69'4 
 69'7 69'4 691 69'5 70'4 68'3 67'3 67'3 
 
 68'5 69-3 69-0 68'5 68'3 67-9 66'8 68'3 69'5 69'3 70'4 70'5 70'3 71'7 72'4 70'7 
 70-0 68-6 68-3 68'3 68'2 68'3 68'3 68'3 68'3 67'9 67'5 67'9 67'8 67'8 67'3 69'3 69'5 68'5 681 701 701 70'5 70'0 69'7 
 69-2 67-7 67-9 67'5 67'5 67'3 67'3 67'3 67'3 66'6 65'8 65'8 65'2 64'6 64'4 65-6 68'3 677 68'5 701 69'9 69-5 69'6 67'5 
 68-0 67-2 66-9 66-9 65-9 65'6 651 64'9 63'8 63'6 63'4 63'3 62-5 62'5 617 65'2 681 69'0 70'2 711 70-3 70'5 70'6 70'5 
 70-4 70-2 69-3 69'0 68'5 68'3 67'6 67'3 67'3 66'4 66'2 66'4 65'4 64'6 64'6 67-3 68'5 67'3 67'8 69'3 69-5 691 68'4 68'0 
 68-3 677 66-4 66'4 66'6 66'9 66'6 66'4 67'0 66'6 65'6 66'0 65'6 65'4 66'4 68'3 70'8 69'2 70'0 70'9 717 71'5 70'8 707 
 70'6 70'9 70'5 70'3 70'4 70'3 70'3 70'2 
 
 - - 68-3 68-3 69-9 70'3 711 71'0 68'4 70-3 71'5 72-0 72-5 72'8 73-4 72'3 737 73'3 
 73-2 72-6 72-5 72'3 72'5 72'3 72-3 72-3 71'5 707 70'3 707 71'3 71'5 70-5 71'3 72-3 73'0 73'4 74'6-74'4 73'9 73'4 737 
 72-3 73-0 731 73'2 73'0 72'9 72'8 73-2 72'8 720 71-3 71-9 711 70'3 701 71-3 72-5 72'5 732 74'0 74-4 74'4 73'8 74-2 
 
 Means | 691 68'6 68'4 68'3 682 67'9 67'8 677 67'4 67'0 67'0 66'9 667 66'5 66-0 67-5 69'0 69-6 70'0 70'3 70"! 69'9 69-9 69'6| 68'3 
 
 1 
 S 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 ~ 13 
 
 li 
 
 p ie 
 
 8 !' 
 PQ ir 
 
 K lf! 
 P* 1< 
 
 2( 
 2] 
 2i 
 2; 
 
 2< 
 2 
 2( 
 2' 
 2i 
 2< 
 
 74-4 73-6 72-8 72'6 72'6 72'5 72'3 72'3 71 '5 70'8 70'3 70'3 69'3 68'5 67'3 701 70'9 72-0 73'2 75-0 74'8 74'0 74'2 74'3 
 74-3 74-0 73-9 73'6 73'2 72-8 72'6 71-8 711 70'3 701 69'3 691 67'5 67'3 C9'3 72'3 72'0 71'5 727 721 72'5 72'2 73'5 
 73-2 731 72'5 72'3 71'8 72'3 71'3 71'3 707 70'0 691 69'9 68-3 687 681 7O3 72'3 72'5 72'8 72'5 727 72'5 73'2 721 
 72'3 72'0 717 707 70'2 69'5 697 68'8 
 
 72-1 
 71-6 
 7J-4 
 
 70-1 
 69-8 
 71-3 
 
 71-6 
 70-8 
 70-4 
 
 71-9 
 71-4 
 71-0 
 70-8 
 73-1 
 74-5 
 
 73-4 
 73-4 
 73-6 
 73-3 
 73-8 
 73-9 
 
 75-0 
 75-0 
 72-6 
 72-1 
 
 ----- 69-0 69-0 68-3 681 67-2 67-2 66-4 69-3 70-8 711 71-5 71-9 72-6 71-9 72-3 71-8 
 717 71-0 70-9 707 707 70 69'6 68'6 67'3 67-3 66'6 66-4 67-2 67'3 661 68'3 69'4 71'6 72'3 71'5 72'5 72-3 73'2 72'9 
 72-9 72-9 721 721 717 71'3 70'3 697 69'3 691 687 68-3 69'0 68'5 691 70'0 71'8 72'9 73'2 74'4 74-0 72'3 73'8 73'8 
 73-5 731 731 72'9 72'3 71'8 71'2 70-6 69'5 69'3 68'8 68'3 68'3 68'5 69'3 70'2 71-8 73'9 74-2 74'6 737 73'2 731 73'6 
 741 73-6 72-8 727 72'5 71'3 70'3 69'8 681 67-5 67'3 67'3 67'2 66-5 66'4 67'8 70'5 72'3 72'3 73'8 74'0 73'6 73'6 731 
 727 72-5 721 71'9 707 69'8 69'3 69'5 69'2 68'3 677 67'3 67'3 66'6 66'5 68'0 70'8 717 71'5 72'3 74-6 73'6 73'6 73-0 
 727 727 72'5 72 - 5 72~3 71'8 71'5 71'0 
 
 -------- 70-3 69-6 69-2 69'3 69'5 701 69'3 71'5 72-5 73'2 74'0 73'2 74-2 73'9 741 74'2 
 74-2 73-3 73-2 72'6 72-5 721 71'5 70'8 69'5 68'9 681 68'0 67-3 67'8 67'5 69'3 71'4 73'6 74-0 73'8 73~0 73'2 73-6 73'6 
 731 72-2 721 721 71'6 71-3 71'4 711 69'5 69'2 68'3 68'8 68'3 67'8 681 70'0 71'8 731 71-9 72'3 71-8 72'9 72'6 72'6 
 72-0 70-8 70-2 70'5 70'2 69'5 69'8 701 70'3 69'5 697 69'3 69'3 69'3 69'3 701 70'9 71-3 71-3 721 72'9 74-0 73'9 727 
 72-8 72-2 71-5 71-5 71'2 71-3 71'5 71-8 71'8 72-3 723 71-8 71-5 71-4 71-8 72'3 73'2 75-0 75'2 76'0 76'0 76'0 76'4 771 
 761 75-6 74-9 74'9 747 75-0 75'0 74'4 74'2 737 73'9 73'2 73'2 72'8 73 73'4 75'2 74-8 74'2 75'2 74'8 75-4 75'5 74'6 
 747 747 741 74 - 74'0 74'2 74'2 74'4 
 
 1 - ______ 69-8 69-8 70-3 70'5 70'5 701 70'5 73'0 74'2 75'2 73'9 74'8 75'8 77"0 76'5 76'5 
 ) 76-2 76-8 74-5 741 73'5 73'2 73'0 72-5 72'3 72-372-3 70'5 70-1 69'5 70'3 71'5 73'0 74-4 74'6 75'0 75'6 75'2 75'6 75'6 
 L 74-9 74-5 74'1 73'5 73'5 73'7 73'6 73'8 73'4 73-2 72'6 71 -3 71-5 707 71-2 73'2 74-0 74'2 73'5 75'2 74'6 75'0 751 75'3 
 1 75-2 74 2 73-8 737 73-6 737 73'4 73-0 72-3 71'3 70-5 70-4 70-1 70-3 71-3 72-9 73'9 74'4 74'7 75'4 75'9 75'4 75'3 75'2 
 5 75-3 74-5 73'5 73'4 73'3 73'4 73-3 73-2 731 72'9 72'8 73-2 72'0 71 -3 71'3 73'9 74-2 74'8 74'3 75-9 74-8 75'4 75'8 75-4 
 L 74-8 74-3 73'9 73-9 73'7 73'6 73-4 73'2 73'1 72'8 72-3 71-3 71'3 71-0 711 71'3 75'2 75'6 77'0 76'2 76'0 75'7 76'0 76'2 
 5 75'2 75'0 74' 74-8 74'6 74'4 7d"6 74'0 
 
 5 - - 75-2 74-2 74.0 73-1 72'8 73'2 72'3 74'7 76'0 75'2 75'2 74'4 78'2 78'2 78'4 77'6 
 1 767 75-9 75-6 75'4 75'2 75'2 75'3 75-2 74'7 74-2 74'2 73'1 72'3 72'3 73'2 74-2 76'4 76'6 76'0 76'2 75'6 75'6 75-6 76'1 
 3 75-6 75-4 75'0 74'3 74'2 74-1 73'7 73-0 71'8 70'8 70'3 70'8 70'0 69'6 70'3 71-8 731 73"4 72'8 72-5 72'3 71-5 72-6 73'4 
 ) 73-7 73-8 74-4 74-2 73'6 72-5 72-3 71'3 70-9 70'8 70-8 71-3 70'8 70-4 69-8 72'5 74'2 74'8 73-1 71-8 73'0 69'9 70'3 71'3 
 
 Means 74-1 737 73'2 73'0 727 72'4 72'2 71'8 7ll 70'7 70-3 70-0 69'7 69"5 69'5 71'2 72-8 73-6 73'5 73'9 74'2 74'0 74'3 74-2 1 72-3 
 
 The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 245 
 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 (Corrected to the Ken Observatory Standard Thermometer; 
 
 
 Giittingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 itl 5.H li.41 7.11 8.41 0.11 1(1.11 11.11 12.11 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 .20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.-.1 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 72-3 74-2 74-2 74-0 737 74-2 73'6 73'8 73'4 728 72'0 71'3 70'9 70'8 71-3 73'1 74-2 75'0 74'3 72-3 72'8 73'4 75-2 76'5 
 75-5 75-5 75-2 75'0 74'8 75'0 75'4 75'6 74'3 73'4 72'8 72'6 721 71'8 71-5 73'4 75'0 75'2 760 76-8 777 76'2 76'4 76-4 
 
 7*-M 7^-Q 7/1 -A 7 A -O 7 A- A 7A-9 7*1- A 7 A.- A. 
 
 O 
 
 73-3 
 747 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 70-3 70-3 69-6 69'3 68'3 68'3 69-0 70'9 72-5 73'4 74'0 74-0 74-0 73'5 74'2 74'8 
 74-9 74-6 73-7 73 -4 73'2 72-8 72'8 72'1 717 703 70'3 69'6 691 68'3 69-2 71'0 731 74'4 75'2 76'0 76'4 75'4 75'5 75-6 
 75-7 75-5 74-4 73'5 737 74'0 73'4 727 70'5 70'3 70'2 69'5 69'3 69'5 69'8 72'3 74'2 74'2 74'0 73'9 75'4 76'2 75'8 75-3 
 75-5 75-3 75-1 74'2 74'0 74-6 74'4 74-4 73'9 73'2 72'2 71'3 70-5 70'3 71-0 73'9 75'2 73-7 74'8 73'2 72'5 73'2 731 73'3 
 751 75-3 73-8 74'0 74'8 74'4 73'9 73'2 72'5 72'3 71'5 711 70'8 70'9 7] '8 74'2 76'0 76-2 78'0 78'3 77'9 777 77'4 77'2 
 77-3 77-0 76-2 767 76'4 77'2 77'4 77'2 76'2 76'0 751 75'2 75'2 75'2 75-7 77-4 77'5 75-7 78'0 76'4 76'2 76'2 77-2 77'2 
 
 7G-H 77-Q 77-1 77- O 77-J. 77-Q 77-R 77-A 
 
 727 
 72-9 
 731 
 73-4 
 74-5 
 76-5 
 
 1U 
 
 11 
 
 o 12 
 oo 13 
 
 ffi U 
 I-H 15 
 
 tf 16 
 
 -<! 1 7 
 
 74-4 74'2 73-4 72'8 72-6 721 727 75-0 76-4 75-2 75-8 76'4 76-6 76-4 76'4 76-4 
 75-9 75-5 75-0 74-8 74'6 75'2 74'4 73'2 721 71'5 71-3 70'8 711 71-3 72-2 74-2 75'0 74'5 74-4 74'8 75'2 76'0 761 75-6 
 75-5 741 741 74'0 74'0 74'0 73'2 74'0 72-2 721 72'3 72'8 72'3 711 71'8 73'9 75-2 74-2 75'7 76'0 76-2 75'7 761 76-3 
 76-3 76-0 75-3 75'3 751 75-6 75'8 75'2 74'2 73'8 73'4 72'3 72'3 71'8 72'5 74'5 751 74'5 75'8 75-9 76'2 75'5 761 76'2 
 75-8 74-8 74-4 74'4 74'3 74-2 74'2 74'2 74-2 74-0 73'8 72'8 72'3 71-9 72'3 74-4 761 76'2 76'2 77'3 77'6 77'2 77'3 77 4 
 77-3 7(r4 76-4 761 761 76'2 76'6 76'6 757 75'4 75'2 747 74-4 74'2 75'2 77-5 78'4 77'4 78'5 790 787 77'5 781 782 
 yo.o yy-Q 77'Q 77'@ 7^-5 777 77'1 7S'0 
 
 757 
 73-9 
 740 
 74-8 
 74-9 
 767 
 
 * is 
 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 
 9A 
 
 77-2 77-2 76-9 77-0 76-4 757 75'9 77"4 78-5 78'2 79-3 80'0 79'6 80'2 80-5 80'3 
 791 78-6 781 77'5 771 77'2 77'2 77'0 767 76'2 75'8 76'4 75-4 74'8 75-2 77'8 78'2 77'4 77'4 777 78'4 78'2 78'4 78'3 
 781 771 76-4 76'6 76'0 76'2 747 74'0 737 74'0 73'4 73-2 73'2 72'3 72'3 75'2 771 76'4 77-4 777 77'4 77'4 781 76-4 
 76-9 76-6 761 757 75'4 75'2 75'2 74'8 74'0 73'2 72-8 727 72'5 717 72-5 75-4 771 77'6 77'0 77'6 78'2 78'2 777 77'2 
 76-3 76-2 75-4 75'9 75-9 76'0 75'4 75'0 74'2 73'3 72'8 72'8 72'6 72-3 73'2 757 76'2 75'4 757 76'2 767 770 77-9 77'0 
 77-2 76-6 76-3 76'3 761 76'4 77'2 77'0 767 76'0 74-9 74'2 74'0 73'2 74-5 77'2 78'0 777 78'2 78'0 78'6 77'9 79'2 79'2 
 7c>.f) 7g. 77'5 76'9 76'9 76'9 77' 77' 
 
 78-0 
 77-3 
 75-6 
 75-5 
 
 75-2 
 767 
 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 76-2 75-9 757 75'2 75-2 74-5 75'2 76'2 76-6 74'3 75-2 79'0 78'4 76'0 76'3 77'2 
 77 8 78-2 78-2 78'2 78-2 77'6 777 77'4 77'2 76'0 75-4 75-2 747 74'4 75-0 77'4 78'2 77'4 76'2 79'2 791 777 77'4 76-4 
 77-2 77-5 77-4 77-4 77'2 77'2 77'2 77-0 76'2 77'0 767 76'2 767 77'2 77'9 78'9 79'2 79'4 78'9 80-2 80'8 81'0 807 80-2 
 80-2 79-9 80-0 79-5 78'5 78'4 78'2 78'0 77-8 77'4 76'4 77'0 76'8 76'0 757 77-4 78'4 797 78'2 80'2 80-4 80'2 80'2 79'3 
 79-3 79-2 78 6 78-4 78-2 78'8 79'0 78'2 767 76'4 75'5 751 75-2 747 75'5 78'0 78'2 78'6 80'2 81'0 79'9 81'2 79-4 79'4 
 78-9 78-3 78-2 78'2 78'2 78'2 78'0 78'0 78'0 77'0 76'0 75'2 747 74-2 75-2 777 78'5 78-4 79'2 81-2 80'2 807 797 80'2 
 
 76-5 
 771 
 
 781 
 78-5 
 781 
 78-0 
 
 Means 
 
 76-9 76-6 761 76'0 75'8 76-0 75'8 75-6 74-6 74-2 737 73-3 73-0 72-6 73'2 75'4 76'5 76'2 767 77'2 77'4 771 77'3 77'2 
 
 75-6 
 
 ATo.. qi 
 
 # # 
 
 QH-9 Qn-fl 7Q-fi 7Q-O 7ft-Q 7Q-O 7Q-0 7ft-9 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 o 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 78-2 77-4 77-8 777 777 77-2 77'5 787 79-4 787 80'2 81'2 81-4 82-2 81'5 80-4 
 80-2 797 79-4 79-4 78'6 78'9 79'0 79'0 78'2 78'2 77'9 78'2 78'0 77-2 77"2 78'5 78-2 80'3 81'9 82'8 82-6 82-2 81-6 81-5 
 811 80-8 80-3 80-0 80'0 80'0 79-4 79'2 79-0 7-4- 78'2 79'0 79'2 787 78'2 79'4 80'2 80-2 79'5 80'0 80'2 80'9 81-4 817 
 81-0 80-0 79-5 80-0 797 797 79'6 79-2 78'2 78'2 78'4 76'2 77'4 78'0 78'4 80'2 80'2 81 -0 817' 80-4 80'4 80'2 80'0 80-4 
 80-5 80-4 80-0 79'9 79'4 79-3 79'2 79-2 79-2 79-2 79'0 78'2 78'2 77'8 78'0 81-2 81-2 81-2 79'2 81-0 80'6 80'2 79'5 79'8 
 79-2 79-0 79-3 79-3 79-0 78'4 78'2 78'0 77'2 76'2 76'0 76-4 76-0 75'8 76'8 79'3 79-4 80'2 80'2 80'4 80'4 81-2 81'4 79'5 
 
 7Q-9 7fi'7 7- 78-A 7ft'Q 7fi-9 78'9 77-9 
 
 79-2 
 79-5 
 79-8 
 79-5 
 79-6 
 78-6 
 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 g 13 
 
 CO 1 A 
 
 77-2 77-2 77-4 77-2 76'9 76 6 77'0 77-6 77'3 77'6 77'9 79'0 78'4 78'2 78-0 76'4 
 77-2 77-4 77-4 77-4 77'4 77'2 77-2 76-9 75-5 767 76'4 76'2 757 75'2 76'2 77-0 77-5 77'0 78'0 79-4 80'2 78'0 78-5 791 
 78-5 791 791 791 791 79'2 787 787 79-0 79'0 787 78-2 771 77'2 78O 80'2 80-6 80'3 80-3 80'8 831 831 821 81-0 
 81-2 821 821 821 82-0 81-2 80'8 80-2 79-0 78-4 78'3 78D 777 77'2 77'2 79'2 797 79'2 79-4 801 52-8 81'8 817 811 
 81-0 81-2 80-9 80-2 80'0 80'2 80'2 80'0 79'2 79'2 79'2 79'0 787 78'9 79'9 80'4 81'2 80'4 80'9 807 80'8 82'0 82'4 82-0 
 821 81-4 79-4 79'2 79-0 777 78'3 777 77'2 767 76'9 77'9 78'2 78'0 78'5 78'4 79-4 80'8 80'0 81-2 81'8 81'4 81'2 81'4 
 81' 07 79'4 791 78'4 7S' 7' 77 - 9 
 
 77-8 
 77-3 
 79-6 
 801 
 80-4 
 79-3 
 
 -, 15 
 
 3 16 
 
 S 17 
 3 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 
 98 
 
 78-2 78-2 777 777 77-2 77-2 78'0 78'4 79'2 79'4 79'6 78'2 79-4 79'5 79' i 78'8 
 79-0 79-2 78-3 79'0 78'4 787 78'4 78-2 777 77'4 77'2 76-8 77-2 77'2 78'4 78-9 79-4 797 80'0 79-5 79'4 79'4 80'3 80'3 
 79-6 791 787 7b"2 781 79'0 79'0 78-9 78'2 77'4 77'2 76'9 767 767 77-4 78'2 77'4 78-2 791 79'4 78-5 781 787 78'6 
 78-3 777 77-5 77'0 77'0 77'2 77'2 767 76-2 75'3 74-2 74'2 74-2 73'5 75'6 78'3 79'4 81-0 77-4 79'2 79'4 79-0 78'2 78-4 
 78-5 78-2 77-2 77'2 77'0 77'2 77-2 76-2 76'0 75'2 74'2 74'2 74'0 73-6 75-2 77'8 78'2 78-4 78'2 77-4 78'2 77'4 77'6 77'6 
 777 77-4 77-2 77-2 77.2 77-4 77'4 77-2 767 75'2 74'4 74'2 73'9 73-2 74-2 767 78'4 77'2 78'2 78'4 76'5 75'4 76'8 77'3 
 781 78-4 78-3 79'0 78'8 79'0 79'2 79'2 - 
 77-5 77-2 767 777 77'2 76'2 77-4 767 76'9 767 77'8 79'0 80-2 80-5 81'2 80'] 
 807 80-4 79-9 79'4 78'8 787 78'4 78-2 77-2 77'2 77'0 76-8 77"2 77'2 79'0 797 78'5 80'4 81'4 81'2 80'8 80'4 80-2 80'3 
 80-3 80-2 79-3 79-2 79'2 787 791 79-2 79'0 77'4 767 767 76-3 76'2 78-5 79'4 81-0 807 807 817 S1'2 808 80'6 80'9 
 80-5 79-8 79-3 78'9 78'8 79-0 78'9 787 79'0 79'0 77'2 76-4 75-4 753 77-4 78'3 77-4 79-2 80'0 80'2 80-5 81-0 807 80'2 
 801 797 78-9 78'8 787 79'0 78'4 78'2 77-4 76'8 762 757 74-8 73'4 760 77'2 77'8 77'2 79'2 80'2 798 79'2 785 79'6 
 78-4 78-4 77-8 77'6 77'8 78'2 78-2 78'0 777 77"2 77'0 757 75'2 75-4 78 79-2 79'2 787 79'9 797 79'4 79'2 78'3 79'3 
 70'5 79'4 79'5 79'6 79' 79'" 79' 77'0 
 
 787 
 787 
 78-2 
 77-2 
 767 
 76-5 
 
 78-3 
 791 
 79-3 
 78-8 
 77-9 
 781 
 
 29 
 30 
 
 _ 787 78-9 78-8 78'2 77-2 74-4 757 78-4 79 2 791 80'2 79'0 797 801 80'3 80'9 
 81-2 81-2 81-2 80-2 80-2 79-4 79-6 78'6 78'0 76'5 76'4 76'0 76'2 76-2 77'4 77'8 78'5 777 787 79 8 80'8 80'2 81'2 81'2 
 
 78-8 
 78-9 
 
 Means 
 
 79-8 79-6 79-2 79-0 78'8 78'8 787 78'3 77-9 77'4 771 76-9 767 76-3 77-3 787 79'0 79'2 79'6 80'0 80'2 801 80'0 79'9 
 
 | 787 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 62 
 
246 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 SottinRen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 345 6 78 9 10 . 11 12 13 14 IS 16 17 18 19 2U 21 22 23 
 i 
 
 )aily and 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h, m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 1). m. li. m. h. m. h. m. li. m. h. in. h. m. li. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 10.41 20.41 21.4] 22.41 23.J1 (Ul 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 (C 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 80-2 80-3 80-2 80'2 80'2 80'0 79'2 79'0 78'4 78'2 7b-2 78'0 777 777 790 78'9 79'0 78'2 77'3 77'6 78'9 80-2 80'6 81'2 
 81-2 81-2 80-4 80-4 79'6 79'2 79'4 79'2 78'2 77'4 780 78'2 77'6 77-7 78'9 fcO'O 80'5 81-7 81-0 81'4 821 817 81'9 82'1 
 82-2 82-2 81-4 81-2 81'2 80'5 81-0 80'9 81-0 79'9 79-7 79'6 79'8 80'2 80'5 81'6 81'2 81-2 81-4 82'3 82'8 82'0 82-1 824 
 82-5 82-1 81-3 81-2 80'4 80'4 80'2 79'4 79-8 79'2 79'6 79-6 797 80'2 81'0 81'3 811 82'3 82'3 821 817 82'0 82'1 82'4 
 89-1 81 -^ 81-9 81-0 SO2 80-6 80-0 70-8 
 
 
 791 
 
 80-0 
 81-2 
 81-0 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 19 
 
 79-2 79-0 79-1 79'2 79'2 79-2 80'2 81-0 82'0 80-3 821 82'3 821 82-1 81'9 81'3 
 81-4 81-1 80-3 80-2 801 79'4 79-4 79'4 79'8 79'8 79'9 79'9 79'4 79'2 J9'5 80-0 81-0 81-2 82'1 82'3 82'6 82'9 82'4 82'4 
 82-3 81-8 81-4 81'2 80'3 80'2 80'2 80O 79'6 79'6 79'2 79'2 79'4 787 79'2 80-2 81'2 80'4 81'2 82'6 82'9 831 84'0 831 
 83-0 82-5 82-1 821 81'5 80'4 fcO'O 80-2 79-2 78'8 78'2 78'2 77'8 77'4 78'4 77'4 78'2 79-3 81-4 81'6 82-3 80~6 81'4 80'5 
 82-2 82-1 82-0 82'3 821 80'0 80-2 79'9 79-8 79'4 79'2 79'2 78'2 78'0 77'4 79'0 79'2 79'4 80'0 l-9 82-1 82-3 82'5 82-2 
 82-7 82-3 81-2 81'3 801 80'8 79'9 78'9 78'0 76'8 76'0 76'4 75'7 74'7 73'4 75'0 77'0 78'2 79'2 80'2 80'2 80'9 80'2 79'8 
 79-4 RO-'i SD-4 811 81-2 81-2 79-9 79'6 - 
 
 807 
 807 
 80-9 
 801 
 80-4 
 787 
 
 o 13 
 S 14 
 
 2 15 
 
 h 16 
 
 * !l 
 
 1Q 
 
 79-6 79-2 79-8 79-4 80'2 80-2 81-0 81'9 81'5 82'6 81-2 831 82'3 81-7 81'5 81-7 
 821 81-3 81-7 82-3 81-9 82'0 79'2 76-4 75'9 74'2 74'2 74'4 73'8 72- 74'0 74-4 75-4 76'2 78 9 80'2 81-2 80'5 801 79'6 
 79-7 78-6 78-4 78'4 78'5 78'9 79'6 78'2 79'0 78'6 78'7 79'0 79-2 79'4 80'0 79-7 79'3 78'8 79'2 79'2 81'2 821 82-4 82'5 
 81-9 79-6 80-5 821 80'6 811 81'2 81-2 81-0 81'2 80'2 79-6 77-8 75-9 74'2 75-5 76'0 77'2 75'6 79'2 81-2 81'4 81'3 81-4 
 811 81-0 78-4 78-2 78'2 78-9 79'4 80'2 79'4 78-2 77'6 75'2 73'7 74'2 75'4 77'0 78'2 79'2 821 821 82'3 81'7 81'4 811 
 81-3 80-3 81-6 821 821 81'5 80'2 78'7 78'3 79'9 80-4 80'2 79'8 79'0 77'5 77'2 77'2 76'4 81-2 81"4 80'2 80'6 79'6 81'3 
 Sl'3 81 81'3 811' 81'4 81 - 81'!' 81'7 
 
 80-8 
 78-0 
 79-5 
 79-5 
 78-9 
 79-9 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 
 9fi 
 
 80-2 79-4 79-6 79'6 80'0 79'6 80'9 82-Q 821 80'7 79'6 79-2 81'7 82'2 82'6 82'5 
 82-6 82-6 821 81'9 81'7 81'8 81'7 81'7 80'2 800 801 79-4 79'8 80'2 81'4 82-0 821 81'0 81'9 82'7 821 831 83'6 841 
 83-8 82-6 81-8 821 81'8 821 817 80'2 78'2 76'5 75-4 74-8 74'2 74'2 76'2 76'4 78'2 78O 79'6 787 797 82'6 831 82'6 
 821 81-5 81-3 81-5 82'0 827 81'2 80'2 75'5 747 74'4 74-2 74'2 74-0 747 75'3 75'4 76-2 781 77'4 78'9 80'0 80'2 80'4 
 80-6 810 79-0 75-4 74-0 74-4 74-2 74-2 73'8 75'2 75'0 72-5 72'3 74'0 74'2 75'6 77'2 77'0 76-4 78'0 76'2 79'2 78'2 79'4 
 78-9 801 78-2 76'2 74'9 75-8 76-6 76'9 75'2 76'2 76'6 76-4 75'8 75'6 77'2 78'2 78'5 80'0 80-2 77'4 77'4 791 80'2 83'9 
 
 RA'Q SA'l fi^t-1 89-A 89'1 fil (} 81-9 Cfl-9 
 
 81-0 
 817 
 79-4 
 78-2 
 761 
 777 
 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 - - - - 77-2 77-0 76-4 757 74-6 75'2 78'2 79-8 79'0 80'2 79'0 79'4 821 837 83'3 83'8 
 82-9 821 821 82'0 820 821 82-1 81'9 79'5 80'2 80'2 787 76'0 75'4 767 78'2 78'4 801 80'4 82'4 82-9 82'9 821 82.2 
 82-6 827 82-5 82'5 821 821 80'5 80-4 80'5 807 807 80'2 80-2 797 80'2 81'2 81'2 80-8 81'2 821 831 82'4 82'6 827 
 831 83-0 831 79-2 787 77'9 78'4 79'9 79'4 77'2 767 78'0 767 76-2 76'2 76-2 765 77'4 79'4 77'9 78-9 821 83'4 83'3 
 82-5 82-3 821 81'4 81'2 817 821 821 81'4 79'2 78'2 78'9 77'2 74-4 73'2 74'4 77'2 79'0 77'8 787 80'2 81'2 82'2 81-6 
 
 801 
 80-6 
 81-6 
 791 
 79-6 
 
 Means 
 
 81-9 81-6 811 80-8 80-4 80'3 80'0 79'6 78'8 78'4 78'2 77'9 77'4 771 777 78'5 79'0 79-4 80'0 80'5 811 81-6 817 81'9 
 
 79-8 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 81-2 81-8 81-6 81-6 81-4 82-0 817 81'5 81-2 81'0 807 80-2 79'4 78'2 81'2 80'9 80'2 80'4 81'2 81'0 84-3 82'9 82-4 82-9 
 
 8^-1 89-9 QQ.l 8^'T 89-Q 89-^ B9O 81-9 
 
 81-3 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 80-2 79-9 791 77'0 757 76'2 78-0 77-4 78'4 78'4 79'6 81-9 777 77'4 78'2 831 
 81-4 81-0 81-2 81-2 81-2 807 79'0 772 77'9 76'8 76'2 75'2 75'0 73-6 74-4 75-9 76-4 767 79'4 80'4 80-9 79'5 791 79'4 
 79-9 80-2 80-2 80'9 81'4 81-2 81'6 82~0 81-2 79-4 79-2 79'2 79'2 79'0 787 79 5 81'2 81-0 81'9 817 82'3 821 82'2 81'9 
 791 77-9 76-4 76 2 75-2 74'2 75'0 75'4 757 76-2 76-2 76-4 76-2 76'2 75'4 757 76'3 76'9 77'0 78'4 787 79'4 801 80'4 
 80-4 79-4 79-0 79'2 791 79'6 79'2 78'2 77'4 757 75-2 75'2 76'2 77'2 78'0 797 82-0 821 bO'2 81'5 817 81'4 81-4 821 
 81-9 81-4 817 821 817 817 78'8 78'4 77'2 77'8 777 78'2 78-2 78-2 78'5 80-2 80'2 81'3 80'2 797 79-5 801 791 80'6 
 
 f ?Q-'> 7Q'/1 TQ.Q 78-7 78-9 78'Q 7Q'Q 8(1-7 
 
 80-0 
 78-3 
 807 
 76-9 
 79-2 
 79 '8 
 
 10 
 . 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 $ 14 
 ~ 15 
 
 74-2 75-4 75-2 74'6 75'2 757 77'0 781 80'4 79'0 80'2 80'2 791 797 80'2 80'3 
 80-4 79-4 79-2 79-9 80'0 80'2 79'0 76'9 757 75'2 76'0 75'2 74'9 74-4 78'2 77 5 77'2 78'2 787 79'4 80'4 80'2 80'5 80'4 
 807 80-4 801 79-4 79'0 79'2 787 78"4 79'0 787 78'2 77'4 76'2 75'4 74'5 76'2 77'0 78-4 787 79'6 797 80'2 811 80'3 
 821 81-2 80-5 80-4 80'3 797 79'2 78'9 79'2 78 9 787 79'0 79-2 78'2 78'4 78'5 77 78'2 777 78'0 80'2 811 80'0 791 
 81-0 81'9 81-0 811 79-4 767 74'9 73'5 73'2 73'4 73'9 74-4 75'2 74-9 74'4 75-2 75-4 76'2 77'2 77'6 77'2 777 77'2 77'3 
 77-6 76'4 80-4 75'0 74-5 74'2 74'5 74'3 74-0 74'8 74-0 73'4 731 72'5 74'2 74'4 74-2 74'4 757 77'2 77'0 77'4 77'3 77'9 
 
 va-n 7'Q 7ft-4, 7R'O 7^'8 7fi'9 7^'A 7A-O 
 
 78-3 
 78-2 
 78-6 
 79-3 
 767 
 75-3 
 
 W ID 
 
 R 17 
 
 R 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 79-2 79-4 79-2 777 76 9 76-9 77'0 77'5 80'0 77-9 777 777 77'2 78-9 80-4 811 
 80-4 801 80-3 80-4 80'6 79'2 78'4 797 75'8 77'9 771 77'2 77'6 77'8 787 79'2 78'2 78'4 78'2 78'5 79'4 807 821 81'6 
 81-0 79-8 80-2 80'4 80 6 80'2 80'0 79'2 777 76'8 77'0 77-2 77'0 76-2 77'2 777 78'2 76'2 78'0 78-2 791 811 80'6 80'0 
 76-4 78-2 781 78'0 77'9 77'2 78'0 77'5 78'2 78'2 78'0 76'2 74-2 74'8 75'2 76'4 76'6 77-4 79'5 79'6 81 -0 80'2 817 81'8 
 79-3 78-6 79-0 79'0 79'2 79'0 79-2 79'0 79'0 787 75'4 76'2 77'4 77-4 77'6 78'2 79-4 79'4 78'3 78'3 79'2 787 80'4 81'3 
 80-9 80-6 80-3 8O3 801 80'2 797 79'6 79-2 78'5 78'0 78'0 77'8 777 78'4 79'4 80'2 79"4 80'0 79'5 80'8 81-4 821 81'9 
 QI -A QI *o Q(~\>f\ fin-Q ftn- ^ ftn.o Qn-9 7Q-.1 
 
 77-6 
 791 
 
 787 
 77-9 
 78-6 
 797 
 
 a 
 24 
 2 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 2 
 
 79-2 79'2 79-2 79'0 794 78'8 78'2 79'0 78'5 79'6 78'2 79'6 80'0 787 79'5 80'6 
 81-2 80-4 80-2 80'2 78'2 77'2 78'9 79-4 79'4 79'4 79'2 757 74'2 737 74'2 73'6 77-0 751 76'4 77'2 77'2 76'4 77'2 80'4 
 781 781 781 78-0 78-0 787 791 79-5 79'2 79-2 78'2 77'2 75-2 747 74-2 75-0 74'2 75'4 76-2 76-5 77'2 77'0 771 77'6 
 791 78-8 77-5 77'4 77-2 78'0 78'8 78'4 78'2 79'0 76'2 74'4 757 73-9 74'0 74'3 7ti-0 76'4 75-5 75'9 79'2 787 78'4 78'8 
 79-3 79-5 78-3 78'2 78'2 79'9 79-9 79'8 79'2 78'2 76'8 72'8 731 73-2 74'2 747 75-5 75-6 76-4 77'4 80'3 79'8 79'3 797 
 79-6 78-9 77-2 77-2 77"0 767 79'0 78'2 77'4 76'6 75'2 737 72-5 727 73-4 73'2 76-4 76'2 76'0 77-0 77'5 79'4 77'2 78'3 
 
 79-6 
 77-6 
 77-2 
 771 
 77-5 
 76-5 
 
 Means 
 
 | 801 79-8 79-6 79'4 791 78-9 78'8 78'4 77'9 77'8 77'2 76'4 76'2 75"9 76'5 771 77'8 77'9 78'3 78'9 79'5 79'6 79-8 80-4 
 
 | 78-4 
 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 247 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily anil 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h m h. m h m 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.4,1 8.41 0.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.14 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3,*l 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 June 30 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 8 14 
 2 15 
 
 s ;; 
 5 % 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 * * 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 78'6 77'8 77'6 77'6 76'4 75'4 76'0 75'6 
 
 
 
 -------- 79-4 78-2 77-0 74'9 75'2 75'4 757 76-2 76-4 767 77'9 77'2 78-9 79'6 78'9 78'4 77-1 
 77-9 78-1 80-2 79-2 79-0 79-3 77'5 77-2 75'4 76'2 76'2 75-7 75'2 75'2 76'2 76'9 77'4 77'5 78'0 77-4 78'5 79-0 78'9 80'0 77-6 
 80-3 79-8 80-2 80'9 807 80-1 78'2 78'2 77'2 75'9 75-2 77-2 78'0 75'8 75'2 75'2 75'2 757 76'4 77-4 77'0 77-5 78-3 78'5 777 
 79-2 79-2 79-6 78'2 77'2 78'0 77-2 78 2 777 78'3 777 78-2 77'2 76'2 76'4 777 76'4 77'9 77'6 77-4 78'4 80-1 80'0 78'4 78-0 
 78-4 78-4 77 2 78'2 79'2 79'6 790 79-0 77'9 76'4 76'2 76-2 77'2 75'2 74-4 747 75'2 77-0 76'8 77'2 78'5 79-0 79-2 80'0 77-5 
 80-0 80-3 8C-4 79'5 79'4 79'0 78'6 78'8 78'2 77'4 78'2 75'2 747 74'2 74'4 75'0 747 76-2 76'4 78'0 78'5 79'4 79-4 79 3 777 
 
 7C.f, 7S-f> 7Q-O 78-8 78'9 7W'4, 77-7 78'7 
 
 80-2 80-0 79-8 78'2 78'2 767 757 76'2 75-6 76'0 75-2 74'8 74'2 76'0 76-2 77'2 
 79-2 79-3 79-2 79'0 79'5 79-4 79'4 79'2 76'0 767 76'2 75-2 747 74'2 74 2 75'6 77'2 787 77-9 77-5 79'2 78'2 757 78'4 
 78-9 79-0 78-2 787 79'0 78-5 78'9 79'2 787 79'0 77'8 76'0 74'2 74'0 72'3 73'2 73'4 74'4 75-9 75-5 76-4 77'2 76-2 78'4 
 78-5 78-4 77-0 771 77'4 76-1 767 77'4 77'4 77'2 75'6 73'1 72'8 73'0 73-2 737 74'0 76-2 75'2 76'2 76'9 77'4 75'1 78~4 
 78-3 78-4 77-2 79-3 79'0 76'0 75'2 74'5 75-2 76'0 76'0 75'2 74-4 73-4 73'4 74'3 75-8 76-4 76'5 76 4 77'2 777 79'2 79-2 
 78-2 78-2 79-0 78'4 78'0 78'4 77'0 767 74-8 '75-2 75'0 74'6 75'6 76'8 77'2 777 77'4 77'2 77-2 77-9 77'9 77'9 77'2 77-2 
 
 7-7 77>O 77-O 77'd. 7fi-J. 7R-9 7fi-9 7^.9 
 
 77-4 
 77-5 
 76-8 
 76-0 
 76-4 
 771 
 
 76-2 
 76-4 
 787 
 787 
 781 
 781 
 
 78-2 
 78-0 
 77-3 
 781 
 777 
 75-8 
 
 768 75'6 757 77-0, 77'2 75'0 74'2 75'4 76-2 757 76'4 76'2 76'6 757 76'6 76'0 
 76-0 77-2 77-2 77'2 77-4 76'6 77'2 77'2 747 74'4 74-9 75-5 76'6 75-2 74-4 75'2 76-2 75'2 76 8 76-6 767 77'2 79'4 78'2 
 797 79-5 79-4 79'0 78~2 78-2 77'2 76'2 777 77-9 78-2 79'0 790 79-4 79-2 78'0 77'0 77'2 77'2 78-4 78-2 80'0 82'8 81'1 
 81-8 80-4 80-2 80'2 80'2 797 787 79O 75'0 75'4 767 77-2 78'2 78-2 79-2 79'9 79'2 78'3 77-4 77'2 77'5 787 80'1 79'3 
 78-9 79-3 79-2 79-2 79O 79-2 79'2 79'2 787 73'1 72'8 737 75'2 75'0 76'2 78'2 79'0 79-4 80'2 79'6 78'9 79-2 80-2 81'0 
 81-2 80-4 78-2 79-2 777 77'2 78'2 78-2 79-4 77-2 75-0 75'2 74'2 75'2 75'4 77'2 77'4 79-2 79'4 80'6 79-6 79'2 787 80'3 
 81'8 81' 1'5 1 - " 7 6'1 757 75'6 75' 
 
 76-8 77-0 76-9 76-4 767 75-6 77'2 78'5 78'2 78'3 77'2 78'9 SO'O 79'0 81-4 81-3 
 81-3 80-5 79-8 79'8 80'0 80-0 79'4 78'2 757 75'5 75'2 74'1 74-2 75-0 757 77'0 77'2 77'4 77-4 777 80'0 79'6 80'4 80-5 
 80-8 80-5 79-8 76'6 75'4 74-2 75'2 75'2 76-2 76'2 75'8 75'2 75-2 75-4 757 76-2 78'2 77-4 76'4 78'0 79-0 79'4 81'3 81-1 
 80-3 80-6 79-4 78'8 787 79'0 79-2 79'2 79'2 79'2 79'4 79-9 767 75'0 74'2 75'0 76'2 76'4 757 77'2 78'2 78'0 79'3 79'3 
 78-9 77-6 78-2 78'8 78'9 77-2 77-9 78'2 77'2 77-2 77-2 77'2 76-4 76-2 75-2 77'2 77'4 77'3 77-4 78-4 80-0 78-0 777 781 
 78-2 77-1 76'2 74'6 74'5 74-4 74'4 74'2 74-2 75-2 747 74-2 74'0 74-4 75-0 74-4 75'2 76'8 78'9 78'2 78'4 76'2 77'4 78'2 
 
 78-fl 1R-K 7^-1 7^-^. 7 t i' c ; 7-1-8 7^'^ 7^-0 
 
 78-2 777 77-2 76'0 74-2 72-8 76'2 74-2 74-4 74-4 75-5 76 6 77'0 78-2 77-2 77-0 75'9 
 77-6 79-2 797 80-0 79'3 78'2 78'2 78'8 78'2 77-6 77'2 75'2 73'6 73-2 72'4 73'2 74'2 747 75'4 73-0 74'2 76'0 771 77-3 ! 76'4 
 78-6 787 787 77-2 79'2 79'0 78'2 78'2 78'2 777 76'8 76-4 76'2 757 76'6 75'4 74-2 75-4 767 77'2 77'4 77'0 78'9 78-6 1 77'3 
 
 Means 
 
 791 78-9 787 78-5 781 777 77'5 77-4 77'2 76'8 76'5 76'0 757 75'2 75-4 76'0 76-3 76'8 77'0 77"3 77-9 78'2 78'6 78'9| 77-3 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 1? 
 
 o 12 
 
 1 13 
 2 14 
 
 H 15 
 16 
 17 
 P 18 
 * 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 78-6 777 79-2 78-4 79-2 79'2 79'6 79-2 787 78*2 77-9 77'2 76'8 767 77-2 76'2 76'2 76'0 77'0 767 76'4 77'5 771 78'4 
 771 76-4 76-5 76-6 76'8 76'0 76-4 76'2 75'9 75'2 74'9 74'4 75'2 737 74'2 73'4 74-2 747 75'2 75'4 76'2 75'8 76'6 76'8 
 76-8 76-0 75-0 76'2 74-2 74'4 75'0 75'4 75'2 74'0 73'2 73'2 72'8 72'8 73-2 73'2 73'2 74'0 7-5-9 76'2 77-0 76'5 77-4 77-0 
 76'6 75'6 76'6 77' 79''2 78'8 78' 7S 4 
 
 777 
 75-6 
 74-9 
 
 76-8 
 76-8 
 771 
 76-9 
 77-9 
 777 
 
 76-8 
 76-8 
 76-8 
 78-0 
 77-5 
 77-5 
 
 791 
 79-3 
 79-0 
 791 
 79-2 
 79-0 
 
 79-3 
 
 787 
 77-8 
 777 
 77-9 
 77-9 
 
 78-0 77-9 77-2 75'4 74-2 73'6 73'2 757 76'0 76'4 77'0 77-2 78-2 78'0 78'3 76'8 
 777 80-9 791 76'0 77'0 77'2 77-2 77'4 77-2 75-4 757 75-2 74-4 73'8 73-4 74-2 76'2 77'0 77'2 77'4 77'9 78'2 787 78'6 
 77-4 791 78-0 801 80-3 79'6 79-0 78'4 78'0 77-2 757 75-2 74'8 74'2 73'4 74-4 75'5 747 757 75-8 77'0 78'0 78'9 79-6 
 78-4 79-0 78-3 78'6 791 787 77'9 77'2 77'2 767 76-0 76'2 75'5 75'4 75'4 74'2 74-2 757 75-8 757 76'4 767 791 78'9 
 78-9 77-0 76-3 77'4 78'0 78'4 78'2 79'5 787 78'2 78'0 77'2 77'0 76-2 76'4 75'9 76'2 767 777 78'9 79'4 79'9 79-9 79'8 
 78-2 79-0 791 80-0 79'9 78'4 791 777 77-2 767 76-2 76'2 75'9 76-2 76"2 767 78'2 78'2 77-2 77-4 777 76'9 77'9 791 
 79'4 79' 791 74' 751 76' 76'8 77' 
 
 _ _ 78-4 78-2 78-2 777 77'0 747 737 751 75'4 76'2 767 777 77'0 757 76'9 76'3 
 77-8 78-0 78-0 77-8 77'2 76-2 76'0 767 76-2 76'2 76'2 75'2 75'2 757 76-0 77'2 75'9 77'0 76'2 76'8 77-2 791 79'0 77'2 
 791 79-3 78-5 78'5 78'3 787 78'4 75'4 75'8 75'2 75'2 75'6 75'2 75-2 757 76'0 74'4 74-4 75-4 77'4 76'2 77'4 78'6 78'5 
 78-6 791 78-6 78-4 78'4 78'2 78'2 78'4 77'0 77-2 77-2 76'9 75'2 75'2 76'2 767 76'9 777 78'0 80'0 80-5 80'4 79'4 79'4 
 79-4 78-6 78-3 78'3 78'2 79'2 79'0 78'4 78'2 77'2 75-4 74'0 737 74-4 757 761 77-0 777 77'9 77'4 78-2 787 79'0 79'0 
 78-9 78-6 77-8 77'4 77'0 77'2 777 777 77-2 77'9 78'0 74'2 73'6 73'2 74'2 75'6 76'6 78'4 80'2 80-4 79'4 79'8 79'4 791 
 70. g yo.o yg-o 7o-g 7S'li 79' 79'1> 79' 
 
 79-2 787 78-2 777 77'2 77'2 78'2 80'0 79'5 79'8 78-9 79'3 81'0 80-8 80'9 80'0 
 79-5 79-4 78-8 78-8 78'8 79'0 79'2 79'0 79'0 79-2 78'2 78'2 78'0 78'0 77-2 787 79'5 79-8 79'5 81'2 82'2 82'0 79-4 80'4' 
 797 79-6 79-6 7 1 J'4 79'5 79'4 79'2 79'2 78'9 78'5 78'2 78'2 78'0 77'2 77'0 77'2 77'2 78'4 79'2 78'6 81-2 80'5 80'0 81'0 
 80-2 79-6 791 79-2 79'0 79'2 791 79'2 787 787 78'2 77'9 77'4 77'2 78'0 78'5 787 797 79-4 79'2 80-0 807 80'2 81'2 
 80-3 79-5 791 791 80'0 79'2 79-4 79'5 79'0 79'2 78'4 777 767 76'4 77'5 78'4 79'2 787 80'0 80'2 807 81'2 801 80'3 
 79-5 78-5 791 79'0 78'6 78'2 78-2 787 79'0 78'4 787 78'5 78'4 777 77'9 78-2 77'5 78'2 78'8 800 81'2 821 81-2 80'4 
 0'5 79' 70 - 4 79'0 7'9 79' 79' 79' 
 
 __ _ 79-4 79-4 78-9 78'2 77'6 78'2 79-2 787 79'0 78'2 78'2 79-4 80'9 80'5 80'6 80'6 
 80-4 797 79-3 79'4 78'4 78'0 77'5 76'9 78'2 78'2 77-5 77-2 76'8 76'4 77'4 78'2 79-2 80'6 80'2 80'4 78'0 78'5 821 81'3 
 81-6 811 79-8 79-5 78'4 77'2 76'9 767 77-2 76'4 76'2 75-4 75'2 74'2 75'2 76'2 767 78'2 78'8 79'8 79'4 78'9 79'3 79'6 
 801 79-0 79-6 797 797 79-4 78'2 77'4 76'2 76'2 76'2 75'4 75-2 75'2 747 75-2 76'0 77'0 78'0 78'8 79'2 78'9 79'4 79'6 
 79-6 79-9 79-3 78'4 79'0 79'2 76'4 75'9 757 757 76'2 76'2 75'4 757 75'4 76-4 77'3 79'2 80'2 79'9 80-4 79'8 79'2 801 
 80-4 79-0 78-5 79'0 791 79-2 787 78-9 78'2 747 75'2 75'3 74-4 74'2 75-2 76'4 777 78'9 79'0 79'4 79'8 79'4 79'6 801 1 
 
 Means 79'0 78'8 78'5 78'3 78'4 78-3 781 77'9 777 77'2 76'9 76'3 75'8 75-5 75-8 76'4 76'8 77'5 77'9 78'4 78'8 79-0 79'2 79'2 
 
 777 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not obserred, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
248 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 
 
 8 
 
 9 10 .1.1 12 
 
 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 h. m. h. m. 
 
 4.41 
 
 5.41 
 
 h m h m h m h m, h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. ni. h. m. h. 
 6.'41 ' Ml ' 8.-U 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0. 
 
 m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Daily and 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 O O 
 
 79-1 80-1 
 
 78-6 78-6 
 
 78-2 78-3 
 
 78-8 78-7 
 
 79-0 78-9 
 
 79-2 80-2 
 
 79-5 78-8 
 
 81-0 80-2 
 
 w 
 PP 
 
 a 
 w 
 
 m 
 
 81-2 801 
 12j 78-9 781 
 13i 767 761 
 
 14 78-5 77-8 
 
 15 78-9 79-3 
 16) - - 
 17 79-9 79-6 
 18J 80-2 801 
 19 78-6 78-9 
 
 79-4 797 
 79-6 80-0 
 781 78-3 
 
 o 
 
 80-0 
 
 78-4 
 78-6 
 78-6 
 78-2 
 80-0 
 78-4 
 
 80-1 
 79-7 
 77-4 
 76-2 
 77-5 
 78-4 
 
 o 
 
 78-4 
 
 77-6 
 76-5 
 78-4 
 78 : 2 
 79-8 
 78-4 
 
 79-0 
 79-7 
 77-2 
 76-4 
 78-1 
 79-2 
 
 o 
 
 79-0 
 
 76-9 
 
 77-2 
 79-2 
 77-8 
 80-2 
 78-2 
 
 79-2 
 80-1 
 77-4 
 74-9 
 78-2 
 777 
 
 o 
 75-7 
 
 77-2 
 78-2 
 78-6 
 79-0 
 80-2 
 78-7 
 
 80-2 
 79-5 
 77-0 
 
 74-2 
 78-6 
 78-8 
 
 o o 
 
 75-5 75-6 
 
 77-2 76-6 
 
 79-0 78-4 
 
 78-4 78-8 
 
 79-2 79-2 
 
 80-0 80-4 
 
 78-2 79-0 
 
 80-0 80-4 
 
 79-9 79-8 
 
 77-2 77-2 
 
 73-7 72-5 
 
 79-0 78-6 
 
 79-2 79-0 
 
 o 
 
 77-2 75-7 75-2 74-7 75'2 76'2 77'2 77-2 77'6 
 
 74-4 74-2 74-2 74'3 76'0 76'3 767 76'6 77'8 
 
 76-2 75-4 74-7 74-2 74'0 74'6 76'2 76'0 77'2 
 
 77-2 76-9 76-2 75'2 75'2 75-7 76'4 76'0 76 6 
 
 76-9 76-2 76-2 
 
 79-7 7v"2 78-4 79'2 77'2 77'2 
 
 80'2 79-9 79-6 
 75-9 75-4 75-2 
 78-0 77-2 76-7 
 78-5 77-7 
 78-9 78-2 
 
 77-2 
 77-6 
 
 77-7 
 77-7 
 76-7 
 
 75-7 76-4 
 
 75-7 77-8 78-7 79'2 78'9 79'5 79-0 
 76-4 76-8 76-4 77'2 78'0 78'9 79'4 
 
 77-5 77-9 77-8 
 77-0 77-9 77.4 
 78-2 78-6 79-1 
 
 77-4 77-8 78-1 78'6 
 79-8 80-2 79-4 
 79-7 79-'J 79-8 
 
 78-6 78-2 74-6 76'0 
 
 78-2 77-6 77'0 76'6 
 
 79-4 79-6 80-0 78'9 
 
 76-4 76-2 76-2 76'2 
 
 74-0 -74-4 74-2 74-2 
 
 78-2 78-0 77-2 767 
 
 75-4 75-6 
 
 76-2 76-0 
 
 78-2 77-4 
 
 75-9 75-3 75-7 
 
 74-0 73-6 74-2 76'5 77'3 77'0 78'2 78'4 79'2 797 79'4 80'0 
 
 76-0 73-8 73-4 74'2 74'4 757 7tx2 76'2 77'3 777 78'0 78'3 
 
 75-4 78-2 78-4 797 80'0 80'2 80'8 81-4 82'1 81'2 
 
 76-2 77-3 77-2 777 76'9 77'4 787 81'0 80'2 807 
 
 78-2 78-4 77-0 77'4 77'2 78'5 79'4 79'4 78'5 79'4 
 
 78-2 79-0 79-2 79'0 80'2 79'0 79'0 76'6 
 
 77-0 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 80-2 80-4 
 
 80-1 
 79-0 
 79-4 
 79-4 
 79-3 
 
 80-3 
 791 
 78-0 
 791 
 79-3 
 
 80-3 
 78-9 
 78-1 
 79-8 
 77-1 
 78-4 
 
 80-4 
 80-0 
 79-0 
 78-3 
 79-0 
 79-0 
 
 79-9 
 78-6 
 78-2 
 79-6 
 76-2 
 79-1 
 
 8OO 
 80-0 
 75-6 
 78-2 
 78-4 
 79-0 
 
 80-2 
 78-8 
 77-6 
 79-2 
 76-6 
 79-4 
 
 80-3 
 80-0 
 75-4 
 78-2 
 78-4 
 79-3 
 
 80-2 
 77-2 
 77-2 
 78-2 
 77-2 
 79-2 
 
 807 
 80-0 
 75-8 
 78-6 
 78-8 
 80-2 
 
 77-2 75-0 
 77-0 77-2 
 78-2 78-2 
 78-2 77-5 
 77-2 77-0 
 79-2 79-4 
 
 80-6 80-2 
 797 79-2 
 76-2 76-2 
 
 78-2 78-0 
 78-2 78-8 
 79-8 79-4 
 
 76-6 76-4 76-8 77'2 76'8 76-2 76'0 75-2 75-4 76'2 76'8 777 79'2 78'0 78'3 79'0 
 
 74-5 75-0 74-4 75'2 74'8 74'2 74'0 747 75-2 75'4 76'4 76'4 78'0 79'0 77'2 78'2 
 
 76-0 757 74-8 75'4 74'9 75-2 75'2 75'2 76'4 78'0 777 78'2 78'8 77'4 78'2 77"9 
 
 77-4 77-2 76-6 76'4 76'0 76'2 75'9 76'2 767 76'2 76'2 76'5 77'1 77'5 79'2 79'9 
 
 77-2 77-2 76-5 76'2 76'2 76'2 77'2 767 76'2 77'9 77'2 77'2 77'5 811 801 807 
 
 77-2 77-2 761 75'2 74'5 74'4 76'0 767 77'2 76'8 76'2 76'4 781 77'6 78'2 71-2 
 
 77-0 76-4 76-2 75'9 75'4 75'3 76'2 77'2 78'0 76'6 78'0 78'0 78'2 787 78'9 79'6 
 
 80-2 80-2 80-0 77'9 77'4 77'4 777 78'0 78'8 79'9 79'3 79'4 78'9 80'4 80'5 807 
 
 73-2 73-6 74-2 74'4 74'4 747 75'8 76'2 77-6 77'2 77-8 787 78'2 78'4 791 79'2 
 
 76-2 76-2 74-2 74-0 74'2 74-4 75'8 77'2 78'2 78'8 79-2 80'0 80'2 80'2 78'5 76'9 
 
 76-2 757 757 757 76'0 761 767 78'5 78'2 78'4 79'0 79'4 80'2 80'4 811 801 
 
 78-8 77-4 77-2 76'5 76'4 76-5 77'4 78'2 771 77'2 76'3 797 77'2 78'4 79'9 81-0 
 
 - 79'2 79-2 77-0 77'6 76'2 77'2 787 777 78-9 80'2 81'0 81'4 81-2 82-2 77'4 82'5 
 
 77-5 
 76-6 
 77-0 
 77-5 
 78-4 
 78-9 
 
 78-5 
 78-5 
 79-0 
 77-5 
 76-0 
 77-0 
 
 77-6 
 76-9 
 
 77-2 
 77-3 
 78-0 
 76-9 
 
 77-8 
 79-6 
 77-6 
 771 
 
 781 
 781 
 
 79-3 
 
 Means I 79'2 791 78'8 78-4 78-4 78'4 78-2.781 77'4 77'2 76'5 76'3 75'8 75'6 75'8 76'6 77'0 77'5 777 78'3 787 791 791 79'2 I 77'8 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 1.1 
 L-2 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 1!) 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 2:: 
 24 
 
 as 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 28 
 2!) 
 90 
 3! 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 oo 
 
 < 
 
 O 
 
 81-3 81-3 80-2 80-2 80-0 
 80-9 80-8 80-2 80'2 80'2 
 81-8 80-6 80-2 80'2 80-4 
 80-6 80-2 80-2 80'2 79'8 
 79-3 78-6 78-2 78'2 77'6 
 797 791 78-4 78'2 78'2 
 
 80-0 79-4 79-2 79'2 79'0 78'2 77'6 76'8 75'4 76'0 77'4 79'2 80'2 807 81-2 82'0 82-4 82'2 81'S 79'6 
 
 79-2 78-2 78-2 782 78'4 79'0 79'2 79'4 79'0 792 80'0 80'2 81'4 82'2 81-4 821 84'0 S2'6 82 -4 80'3 
 
 80-2 80-2 80-0 79'4 79'4 79'2 78'6 79-0 75'5 76'4 77'2 78'2 79'0 79'8 81-0 817 81'4 81'2 0'9 79'6 
 
 79-0 79-2 79-4 787 78-2 777 78'0 77'2 77'2 78'6 80'0 79'2 79-4 807 81-0 80'4 797 79'6 78'9 79-3 
 
 77-4 77-2 77-2 77-2 77'2 76-4 77'0 77'2 76'8 78'0 78'2 787 78'2 77'6 80'0 807 80-4 80'6 80'3 78'3 
 787 777 77-2 
 
 77-2 76-4 75-9 76'2 767 76-2 767 77'3 80'0 801 80'0 81'4 80'2 80'2 79'3 77'6 78-3 
 
 77-2 
 76-6 
 77-5 
 76-6 
 77-4 
 
 78-2 79-4 791 78'4 77-9 
 
 78-6 77-3 77-2 76-4 76-4 
 
 771 76-0 76-0 76'5 
 
 78-5 78-0 78-0 78-0 
 
 76-9 76-0 76-6 77'0 
 
 78-0 77-4 78-2 78'2 
 
 76-4 
 77-9 
 77-4 
 
 78-5 
 
 77-4 77-2 76-4 
 
 76-2 76-4 76-2 
 
 77-2 767 76-5 
 
 76-4 757 
 
 77-5 77-2 
 
 78-0 777 
 
 76-4 
 
 77-2 
 78'2 
 
 77-2 77-2 76-2 757 75'2 74-6 74-2 
 
 75-6 75-2 75-2 74-4 737 737 74-9 
 
 76-4 76-4 76-8 76-6 74-9 75-2 76'8 
 
 75'8 75-0 75-2 75'0 747 74'2 74'9 
 
 76-2 77-2 78-0 77'2 77'2 77O 767 
 
 75-4 78-0 78-2 78'4 78'5 77-2 78'2 77'8 77'8 
 
 76-2 77-0 77-4 78-2 78'9 78-2 78'2 78'3 77'9 
 
 79-0 79-2 797 80'2 797 80'2 79-3 78'9 
 
 76-2 78-0 77-2 78'2 78'0 76-9 76'9 
 
 777 79-2 77-2 78'2 7b'0 78'3 78'3 
 
 78-2 
 75-9 77-2 
 78-2 77-6 
 
 - 76-2 76-0 76-2 76-0 76'2 76-2 77'4 78'2 79'0 80'0 79'2 79'5 77'5 79'0 81-3 79'2 
 
 79-2 79-3 77-6 77'8 77'9 
 
 79-4 78'9 78-8 78'6 78'9 
 
 771 76-8 76-0 75-9 75'9 
 
 78-6 78-5 78-6 78'3 78'4 
 
 76-9 77-0 76-5 76'3 761 
 
 76-2 75-9 76-0 75'6 74'9 
 
 71-9 721 71-2 71-6 71-5 
 
 777 77-2 77-2 77'2 76'4 
 
 77 6 77-4 77-4 78'0 77'4 
 
 78-0 77-6 77-4 77'4 77-4 
 
 77-3 77-2 77-2 77'2 77-2 
 
 77-6 77-6 77-4 767 76'6 
 
 79-6 76-8 76-8 76-6 76'4 
 
 78-6 78-5 78-2 78'0 77'8 
 
 71-3 72-0 71-9 71-9 71-9 
 
 77-4 78-0 77-2 
 79-2 787 78-2 
 76-2 76-2 76-0 
 78-4 787 78-0 
 76-2 75-8 75-2 
 75-2 75-4 74-2 
 
 767 77-0 76-5 77'0 77'4 77O 77'6 78'2 78'0 787 79'2 79-4 79'5 80'3 78'4 79'4 
 767 76-2 76-2 77'2 77'2 77-0 77-2 78-2 79'0 79-4 79'6 79-9 78'2 79'0 791 79'4 
 76 76-0 75-4 75-8 76-0 76-2 76'0 76'2 77'4 78-8 79'9 80'4 80'5 81-4 81-2 80'0 
 
 73-4 737 747 74'2 757 77'2 
 75-6 75-2 75-5 75'4 74'4 75-2 
 
 76-2 
 75-3 
 
 76-9 76-9 757 757 75'4 751 
 75-2 75-2 75'4 757 75'2 75'6 
 
 78'4 
 75-2 
 
 77-4 
 761 
 
 76-0 
 
 71-3 
 
 77-2 
 77-4 
 78-0 
 77-2 
 
 71-0 71-3 
 
 76-5 76-4 
 
 77-2 767 
 
 77-6 77-0 
 
 767 76-2 
 
 731 
 
 71-8 
 76-2 
 76-6 
 76-6 
 
 76-4 
 
 73-4 73-6 73-2 73'4 73'8 737 74'2 75-0 
 
 717 72-0 72-9 72'5 721 72-0 72'9 74-4 
 
 75-4 75-4 75-4 76-2 76-2 777 
 
 76-2 76-0 757 75'9 76'4 777 
 
 76-2 76-2 76-8 77-2 77'9 78'4 78-2 79'5 79'2 78'6 
 
 76-4 76-2 
 76-2 76-2 
 76-4 76-2 
 767 76-4 
 
 75-4 74-0 74-0 73-4 
 
 75-5 76-4 77-4 78'2 
 
 78-2 79-0 79-2 79'0 
 
 787 78-8 79-0 78'9 
 
 76-0 75-9 75-4 75'8 77'4 777 78-2 77'6 77'9 77'6 
 
 72-3 72-3 72-5 
 79-2 78-6 78-8 
 79-4 79-2 78-2 
 781 78-6 77-9 
 77-8 77-6 76-9 
 777 78-6 78-8 
 
 76-2 76-0 76-2 ____--_-____ 
 
 74-2 73-2 72-5 70'8 71'3 71-9 72'6 76-2 77-2 77'6 77-4 77'8 77'4 78'2 79'0 79'0 
 
 76 2 76-2 76-0 75'4 75'4 76'2 76'2 76-0 757 76-4 777 77-2 78-0 78'9 79'4 80'6 79-8 79'5 79-0 
 
 77-2 76-5 76-2 75'4 75-2 74'5 747 75'0 75'2 75'4 76'9 77'8 777 771 76'2 74-8 75'6 76'0 73 5 
 
 72-3 72-3 72-3 71-3 71'3 70'8 70'3 70'3 70'0 701 71-0 71'5 71'3 73-2 73-2 72'3 72-5 72-4 68'5 
 
 78-0 
 781 
 78-3 
 77-4 
 767 
 757 
 
 74-2 
 737 
 77-2 
 77-3 
 77-5 
 771 
 
 75-9 
 77-3 
 76-3 
 71-5 
 
 Means | 781 777 77'4 77'4 77'2 771 76-9 76'6 761 76'0 75'9 757 75'6 75-3 75-8 767 77'5 77"9 78'3 78'5 78'4 787 78'6 78'0| 771 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 249 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 
 
 
 Daily fine 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h. in. h.m. h. in. b. m. li in. h.m. h.m. li.m. li.m. li. in. li. in. li.m. li.m. l..m. h.m. l..m. h.m. Krn. L. m. h.m h.m h m 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 6.41 0.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 ll.nl 12.41 13.nl 14.41 15.^1 Ki.Jl 17.nl lh.41 H-.nl iL.nl 11.. 1 12. .1 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.4l' 
 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 O 
 
 
 678 671 671 67'0 66'9 67'3 671 66-9 66'9 66'4 66'9 66'4 64'9 65-6 67'2 69'0 67'5 69'3 70'0 69'5 673 691 66'6 69'5 
 
 67-5 
 
 i 
 
 69-3 69-3 69-3 69'2 69'2 69'3 70'3 70-3 69'9 70'2 70'5 70'0 69'5 69-5 70'3 72'0 72-5 73'2 75'2 73'2 72'5 72'5 J2'0 71-8 
 
 70-9 
 
 i 
 
 707 70'3 701 701 701 70'3 70'3 701 
 
 
 I 
 
 701 691 68-5 67-8 67'0 67'3 66-6 66'4 701 71'3 74'2 73'9 73-2 73'5 72'0 71'2 
 
 70-2 
 
 c 
 O 
 
 706 701 707 72-2 721 72-3 711 71-3 71-3 71-3 70'9 70'3 69'3 69'0 691 69'5 71-3 72^ 73'2 72'5 J2'0 71'3 69'2 67'9 
 
 70-9 
 
 6 
 
 68-3 (7-5 67-3 701 70'5 69'8 69'3 701 68'8 68-5 68'3 68'3 68'3 68'9 677 68'3 69'8 67'0 67-2 67'8 66'0 66'9 67 67'5 
 
 683 
 
 7 
 
 68-2 681 691 69'5 69-5 67'9 681 687 68'3 68'3 67-3 67D 66'4 65'6 65'6 <J5'9 (;9'0 68-5 67'3 66'8 68'3 657 66'4 65'6 
 
 67-5 
 
 8 
 
 661 66 7 68'5 68'5 68'5 68-8 691 68'8 68'3 68'3 67'3 67'5 65'6 65-9 66'6 67'9 70'^ 70'3 70'9 69'3 69-6 69-8 69'9 68'2 
 
 68-4 
 
 c 
 
 68-5 691 68-5 681 68'5 68-9 68'9 691 69'3 68'3 67'3 67'3 66 6 64-8 65'4 66 6 68"3 687 70 1 69'3 69-3 70-0 717 73'0 
 
 68-6 
 
 10 
 
 74-0 73-2 731 73'2 731 72'3 71-3 71'3 
 
 
 
 _ 11 
 
 70-8 70-3 70-3 70'5 70'5 70-5 70'3 72'3 73'2 751 72-3 71-3 71'8 72'3 72 3 71'5 
 
 71-9 
 
 8 12 
 
 71-2 71-3 72-2 72'0 71-9 70'8 70'3 70'6 71-3 70'8 70'3 69'5 693 691 69'3 70'9 73'2 74-4 74'4 74-4 73'6 75'0 74'9 74-2 
 
 71-9 
 
 S 1; 
 
 74-4 74-5 74-5 747 74'9 75'2 747 74'4 75'4 747 74'2 747 74-2 73-2 73-2 74'4 75'6 75'3 757 757 74'6 75'4 74'5 741 
 
 747 
 
 P3 14 
 
 731 72-8 72-3 72'3 72'3 73'2 731 72'9 73'2 72'5 72'3 72'3 721 71'3 71 -3 721 731 71'5 671 67'5 67'8 66'4 656 67'5 
 
 711 
 
 El 1*; 
 i^ i t 
 
 68-0 68-3 68-6 68'9 687 68'3 68'5 67'2 66'4 64'9 64'4 64-4 64'0 63'4 63'0 64'2 66'4 681 66'4 657-64-6 65'0 65'6 66'6 
 
 66-2 
 
 S 16 
 
 69-2 68-9 66-8 66 2 061 65-2 64'3 63-2 63'0 62-7 62'5 62-5 62'5 61-5 62'5 62'5 64'0 65'6 69'3 65-4 65'4 Ob'O 67"! 67-2 
 
 651 
 
 H 17 
 
 687 69-2 69-3 69'2 67-9 67-3 65-6 64-9 -v- 
 
 . 
 
 > 18 
 
 69-3 68-3 68-1 67'3 67'3 67-3 681 69'0 701 70'9 72'0 72-8 71'3 74'0 751 74-4 
 
 69-5 
 
 O 19 
 
 73-7 73-8 74-0 731 721 70'5 70'8 72'0 71'5 71-3 711 71'3 707 69'8 70'3 72'3 74'4 74'2 73'4 74-2 76'0 75'6 74-0 73'9 
 
 727 
 
 fe 20 
 
 74-2 74-3 73-2 74'2 74'2 74'2 74'2 73'8 72'2 71-5 71'3 71'3 71-1 71-3 721 73"2 74-9 742 75'9 75-4 76'8 76'0 74-6 73'2 
 
 73-6 
 
 21 
 
 74-5 73-8 73-2 73-3 73'4 73-7 73-9 74'2 72'8 73'4 72'6 72'8 73'2 72-3 72-3 74-2 75'4 76'4 76'2 77'8 75'8 75-4 75'5 75-4 
 
 74-2 
 
 22 
 
 74-9 75-2 75-5 75-4 73'9 74-2 73'4 73'9 747 73'2 72-8 731 73'2 73'6 747 75'9 76'4 76'3 76'2 767 75'4 77'0 74-9 75'0 
 
 74-8 
 
 23 
 
 75-3 75-1 74-4 74'2 74'1 73'2 73 7 73'2 73-0 72-5 72-3 72'3 72'5 72'3 72'8 74'9 75-1 74'2 73'9 74'8 75'9 757 751 75-2 
 
 74-0 
 
 24 
 
 75'0 75'0 75 71-5 75'0 71-1 74'2 71- 
 
 
 25 
 
 71-5 71-3 70-9 70-5 70'3 70-3 70'9 72-3 73-0 72-8 72'3 71-7 721 71-8 71-5 71-4 
 
 726 
 
 26 
 
 70-6 707 70-1 69-9 697 69'3 69'3 70-3 70'8 70'3 70'3 69-5 703 697 69'9 70'3 71-3 71'5 71'3 71'5 71-8 721 72'3 71'5 
 
 70-6 
 
 27 
 
 72-4 71-4 71-3 71-1 71'9 71'1 70'3 707 71-5 70'9 70'5 70'3 70-8 71'3 71-8 71'3 71-8 72'6 73'6 72'5 72'3 73'0 72'5 72-1 
 
 71-6 
 
 28 
 
 71-7 70-9 707 707 70'5 71-3 71-3 70'9 70'5 70-1 69'5 70'3 701 70-1 70-3 71-5 71'3 72'1 731 73'2 731 73-2 73'3 73'3 
 
 71-4 
 
 29 
 
 727 72-4 72-3 72'3 72'2 72'3 72'3 72'3 72'5 72'3 72-0 72 8 731 73'2 72'4 71'3 73'0 74-4 74'2 75'0 757 75'7 76'2 75'0 
 
 73-2 
 
 30 
 
 74-4 73-9 73-9 73'6 74-0 71-3 72'3 72-9 73-0 72-8 73-9 73-2 73'2 732 734 74'2 74-2 74-7 74'4 74-2 73'9 75-4 75'3 741 
 
 737 
 
 Means 71'4 71'3 71-2 71'3 71'2 70'9 707 707 70'6 70'2 69'9 697 69'5 69-2 69'5 70-5 717 721 72-3 72'0 71'8 721 717 71'6 71'0 
 
 i 
 
 73.0 j-o.o r j\- r i 79-9 707 r 0'3 "l - 3 71 '3 
 
 
 _L 
 
 2 
 
 691 683 68-5 68'3 67-3 671 67'3 68-5 69'9 72'4 71-6 721 72'3 72-3 70 7 706 
 
 70-3 
 
 3 
 
 711 69-9 70-5 701 69-3 69'3 69'5 701 71-3 71-3 70-3 69-8 69'5 69'3 68'8 70'5 71'3 70'3 71'3 71'3 707 7(r8 711 71-2 
 
 70-4 
 
 4 
 
 71-7 71-7 70-5 70-6 71-5 711 70'3 70'3 69'9 70'1 701 69'3 69-4 68'5 68'3 69'3 70'3 70'3 71-3 70'9 70-1 70-1 69'9 69'2 
 
 70-2 
 
 5 
 
 <i8-9 69-2 70-4 69'5 69'4 70'3 70'3 703 69'5 69'0 68'3 68'5 68'0 67'3 67'3 68'2 70'3 720 72'5 72'4 711 711 71'4 72'6 
 
 69-9 
 
 6 
 
 72-3 72-4 72-4 73'5 75'5 73'6 73'2 73-2 72'9 727 72'5 73 6 73'(! 73-1 72'8 73 2 74-2 747 76'2 76'0 74'9 74'8 74'8 741 
 
 73-8 
 
 7 
 
 73-5 73-3 731 74~2 73'4 72'8 72'3 72'3 74'0 74'4 74'6 74'4 739 73;2 73'2 73-9 74'2 747 74'9 747 74'6 73'9 73'5 732 
 
 73-8 
 
 
 
 70. e; ^3-0 71'3 73'3 C 3' 73' 73'4 731 
 
 
 o 
 9 
 
 72-8 72-3 72-3 72-0 71-3 71'3 71'3 72-1 72>3 73-0 72'8 72'3 72'3 72'9 73'2 72'5 
 
 72-6 
 
 10 
 
 72-4 72-0 717 71'5 71-7 71'1 70'g 70'3 697 69'3 69-5 68-3 687 68-3 68'3 69'5 69-4 69'3 70'0 711 71'5 69'9 69-5 68'5 
 
 701 
 
 11 
 
 69-0 69-0 69-0 68 7 68'8 69-3 69'3 69'3 69'0 68-3 68'3 681 67'3 67'3 68-1 69'0 70'8 71'1 70'8 7l~8 70-3 69'0 69'4 69'5 
 
 69-2 
 
 o 12 
 
 69-4 68-9 68-4 68'5 68-4 68 3 68 3 68-3 t;8'5 68'6 68'5 68'8 68-3 68'3 68'3 69'3 70 5 69'9 71'1 70'5 701 697 69'9 69'6 
 
 691 
 
 < TQ 
 
 oo 13 
 
 697 69-2 687 69-2 69'5 701 69'8 69'8 69'5 69'3 68'5 681 67'8 68'1 67-3 68-3 70'3 71-0 69'8 70'5 71'3 711 72'0 72'4 
 
 69-6 
 
 14 
 
 71-0 70-6 70-4 70-3 70'3 71'0 70'3 71-0 70'3 70'3 69'3 691 68-3 68'3 68'5 691 71'3 72'3 72'3 71'3 71'3 71'3 73'2 72-1 
 
 70-5 
 
 p^ 1 f 
 
 71 - 3 70 9 70'6 70' 69 9 70'3 69-7 691 
 
 
 K 16 
 
 67-3 68-8 68-3 68'8 691 68'3 68'9 691 69'3 69-0 69-7 70'3 69-6 69'4 69'9 70'2 
 
 69-5 
 
 S 17 
 
 69-4 68-0 68-1 66 9 67'3 67'8 68'3 68'3 691 687 68'5 69-3 69-1 68'5 68'3 69'3 711 70-3 71-3 707 72'3 69'3 69'7 70'2 
 
 69-2 
 
 K 18 
 
 69-9 69-8 69-8 70'2 69'6 69'8 70'3 70-3 70'3 69-9 69'5 69-3 691 69'3 70'2 70-8 72-5 711 71'3 721 71-3 71'5 71'2 71 -0 
 
 70-4 
 
 pq 19 707 707 70'9 69-3 69 1 697 701 701 70'3 70-3 70'3 69'8 69'3 69'5 701 70'3 72'3 73-3 71'3 721 71-3 71'0 717 71-8 
 
 70-6 
 
 P 20 
 
 71-4 72-2 70'5 70'6 711 71-? 707 703 70'3 70'3 701 69'2 68'5 68'3 69'3 70'2 71'0 72-3 71-1 71-9 70'6 72'0 71'3 71-5 
 
 707 
 
 21 
 
 72-2 71-4 70-8 70'3 70'3 70'3 70'3 701 69'5 691 70'1 68'5 67'8 68'3 68'8 701 71'3 71'3 73-2 71'9 70'3 69'5 70'0 70'6 
 
 70-2 
 
 22 
 
 70-0 69-3 68 6 68'3 68'8 68'8 68'5 68'3 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 70-3 69-3 68-3 67'8 67'6 67'3 681 68'6 70'4 71'9 72'5 72'3 72'2 72-3 71'8 71'8 
 
 67-7 
 
 24 
 
 70-6 70-3 70-4 701 69'9 693 69'3 69'3 691 68'8 68'5 68'5 681 67'9 67'8 69'2 711 72-3 74-2 731 73'2 727 72'5 72-0 
 
 70-3 
 
 25 
 
 71-5 71-3 71-4 71-5 71-6 71-3 71'0 70'9 71'0 711 71'2 717 711 71'3 71-5 72'2 727 72'4 72'3 72-6 72-3 72-3 721 71'8 
 
 717 
 
 26 
 
 71-3 71-3 69-2 68'3 681 67'6 67'3 66 9 66'6 66-4 66'4 66'2 66'4 66'6 66-2 68'2 68'6 68'5 69'3 69'3 711 71'3 71'3 701 
 
 68-4 
 
 27 
 
 69-3 68-3 68-5 67'6 681 67 5 681 68'3 68'3 66'4 66'4 66'2 65'9 65'6 65-9 681 701 72'2 711 69-9 70-5 69'9 70'5 70'9 
 
 68-5 
 
 28 
 
 701 69-3 69-4 681 711 69'0 69-3 69-3 68'3 68'5 68'3 68-5 68'3 67'9 68'3 69'3 71 '3 71'3 70'8 70'5 70'8 71-5 71-8 72'3 
 
 697 
 
 29 
 
 711 701 69-9 697 69-3 69'8 69'3 69'3 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 70-8 70-5 70-3 69'3 69'8 69'8 70-3 70'3 711 71"3 711 70'8 70'8 70-3 70-8 70'0 
 
 70-2 
 
 31 
 
 70-3 69-5 691 69'3 69'0 68'5 69'0 68'8 68'5 68'3 67'3 67-5 67'3 66-9 66'9 68'2 69'5 69-3 69'3 69'4 707 69'6 70'3 69'3 
 
 68-8 
 
 Means | 70~9 70'5 70'3 70'0 70-2 701 70'0 69'9 69'9 69'6 69'4 69'2 68'9 687 68'8 69'8 71'0 71-4 717 71'6 71-4 711 71'3 711 
 
 70-3 
 
 * The numbers in these columns ars not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 63 
 
250 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIK AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUE 
 
 Me"n T*me' Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Dailyanc 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h iti. h. m. h. m. li. m. h.m. h. m. 
 4.11 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Dec. 31 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 8 * 
 
 co 5 
 ^ 6 
 
 (H 7 
 P3 ' 
 
 3 
 
 P 9 
 
 5 10 
 2 11 
 
 1 12 
 13 
 3 14 
 
 H 15 
 
 a i6 
 
 H 17 
 fe 18 
 19 
 
 M 20 
 B 21 
 
 B 2 2 
 
 23 
 
 P 24 
 W 25 
 , 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 * * 
 
 n-Ki n-fi^ C\-KR n-7n 071 077 ofto ORA 
 
 0758 
 820 
 826 
 715 
 737 
 795 
 
 802 
 782 
 757 
 730 
 682 
 609 
 
 683 
 764 
 712 
 697 
 
 704 
 700 
 
 782 
 712 
 744 
 786 
 711 
 704 
 
 779 
 819 
 819 
 
 -------- 0-86 086 0-89 088 0-90 0-94 0-91 086 O'Sl 074 069 0-65 0-62 0'60 0-63 0-62 
 65 -71 -80 -85 -88 '86 -89 -91 "92 '91 'i5 -95 -95 -94 "92 -92 -87 -79 74 "67 -64 '61 -66 -68 
 76 -80 -84 -88 -90 '91 -93 -91 -93 '91 '90 -93 '94 -95 '93 -87 '80 -78 '76 -66 '60 -67 -62 '65 
 65 -68 -69 -69 '69 "70 -69 '78 -71 '74 '82 -91 '92 -89 '88 '85 -78 '69 -66 -61 -55 -51 -52 v>b 
 56 -59 -66 -74 '75 '77 -79 '84 '85 '89 -91 '89 '90 -88 '90 -85 -74 -68 '67 -59 -57 '55 -56 -56 
 61 -68 -74 '77 -86 '86 -90 '92 -89 -91 '93 -94 '94 -96 -92 '85 -74 -72 -66 -66 '65 '65 -66 -66 
 
 71 -74. '78 -84. -8*1 '88 'Rfi -RQ 
 
 85 -85 -90 -91 -92 -93 '90 -84 -82 -77 '67 -66 '64 "68 -67 '69 
 71 -74 -75 -76 -78 -79 -79 -82 -90 '90 -91 -91 '93 '95 "93 -87 -76 -68 '65 '65 "63 '65 -66 -64 
 68 -71 -72 -71 -74 -75 -78 "79 -78 '73 -86 -89 -91 '92 '92 -89 -79 '67 '68 -66 -62 "66 -65 -65 
 65 -68 -70 71 -70 -72 -71 '72 '73 "74 -75 -86 -89 -90 '92 -84 -79 -71 -66 -64 -65 '68 -57 -59 
 63 -66 -66 -69 -69 "68 -69 -70 '70 "71 -79 -83 -84 -84 '83 -78 -63 -57 '55 -56 -60 '58 -58 -58 
 58 -59 -63 -63 -64 -64 -64 '61 "63 -68 -66 -65 -64 -66 '63 -67 -56 '58 -54 -55 -55 "52 -53 "60 
 59 -57 -59 -65 -66 '64 -62 '65 - - 
 -------- -82-86 -84 -86 -82 78 '77 "78 -67 -66 -62 -58 "58 '60 '60 -59 
 63 -69 -71 -72 -72 '72 -76 '78 -83 "88 -90 -91 '93 '92 -90 '89 -82 '69 -66 -06 "65 '65 '66 -66 
 63 "65 -(37 -67 -67 "70 71 '76 -79 "82 -85 -85 -86 -88 '89 -86 '73 "64 -62 -54 "56 '55 -60 -59 
 61 -61 -65 -64 -65 "65 -67 '69 -78 -87 -86 -85 -90 -90 '91 '77 -77 -74 -67 -58 '47 '47 "50 -52 
 56 '60 -61 -64 -67 '69 -70 '70 -74 "85 -85 -89 -89 -88 '86 -82 -74 '75 '66 -54 "56 -56 '55 -58 
 59 "62 -63 -64 -64 -65 -71 -77 -78 '80 -83 -84 -85 -85 '83 -79 -70 -66 '59 "60 '59 '59 -62 -64 
 '68 '71 '73 '77 '83 '74 '70 '81 
 
 -------- -91-89 -88 -90 -95 -93 '91 -85 '78 -70 -68 '69 '68 '63 '73 '69 
 68 '67 -71 -71 '73 -74 -77 '79 ' -74 -74 -76 -77 -79 -82 '86 '82 -75 '64 '57 -60 '58 '62 -59 -63 
 64 '66 -70 -70 '70 '70 -72 '74 '85 '90 '92 '92 -90 '91 '90. '87 '80 '68 '63 '65 '63 '59 '61 '54 
 62 '66 -72 -76 -72 '84 -86 '90 -86 '87 '89 -96 -94 -95 '92 '89 -82 -73 '69 '67 '65 '64 '65 '66 
 69 -75 -75 -74 -72 '79 -72 '70 '74 -72 -74 '82 -85 -86 -90 '86 '71 '59 '56 '57 '58 '57 '57 -56 
 59 '65 -60 -61 -63 -65 '64 '65 -71 '81 '82 -86 '86 -89 '90 '85 -80 '64 -61 '61 '62 '63 '63 '63 
 "66 "7 '75 '"5 '79 '78 '79 '8 
 
 -90-91 -85 -85 -87 -89 '91 '87 '80 -71 -66 '69 '67 67 '70 '68 
 72 -77 -80 -81 -83 '83 -85 '86 '94 '95 '94 -95 '95 92 -91 '87 -78 '75 '74 '69 '69 -69 '71 -70 
 71 '77 -81 '83 '83 '83 '84 -87 -89 '89 '91 '95 '95 '95 -93 '89 -83 '73 "71 '70 '70 '70 -70 '73 
 
 Means | 0'644 -678 "707 -726 "740 -751 -760 '786 '816 '837 -856 -879 "889 -892 -885 -843 -763 -692 -652 -627 -612 -612 "620 -625 | 0-746 
 
 Dec. 31 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 tO n 
 CO O 
 rH ? 
 
 I 
 
 B 10 
 & 11 
 
 3 12 
 13 
 
 tf 14 
 P 15 
 2 16 
 4 17 
 
 t> 18 
 
 fe 19 
 
 20 
 fc 21 
 22 
 S 23 
 1 24 
 H 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. Jn. In. In. In. In. 
 0'555 0'548 0'563 0'560 0'559 0'588 0'597 0'604 
 
 In. 
 
 0-592 
 637 
 662 
 588 
 558 
 619 
 
 678 
 669 
 661 
 633 
 
 577 
 528 
 
 561 
 642 
 606 
 572 
 560 
 580 
 
 652 
 618 
 600 
 595 
 597 
 600 
 
 689 
 736 
 
 742 
 
 _ 0-572 0-571 0'590 0'591 0-589 0'588 0'5G9 0'592 0'621 0-fi4S 0-632 U'628 O'GOo 0'601 0'626 0'607 
 
 607 -633 -659 -669 -658 -637 -658 -637 '629 -616 '614 -618 -618 "608 -592 '608 -638 '652 -665 -662 -648 -627 '668 -674 
 708 -698 -707 -693 -686 '672 -661 -649 '650 637 '624 -631 -629 -635 '632 '684 -699 '720 "713 '666 -615 '645 '609 "634 
 609 -609 -605 -596 -592 '590 -579 -608 '574 -579 '601 -606 -615 -589 -597 '609 -636 -029 '614 -597 '534 -506 '512 "538 
 514 -516 -539 -580 -574 -569 -574 -579 '552 -557 '565 '561 -560 -555 "547 '553 '565 '581 '597 '571 "557 '537 "551 '542 
 563 -586 -609 '619 646 '633 -642 -643 "622 '627 '636 -633 -624 -633 '618 "606 '593 '619 '618 '619 -617 '616 '619 '619 
 
 fiJA -fiA9 -A^l -ft^A -fiAQ 'R^A. *A'-4*-i -AAA 
 
 -678 -674 708 '732 '729 -709 -663 '677 '724 '716 '678 "693 -672 -691 "675 '674 
 686 -680 -688 '691 -692 '678 "678 -681 '687 '669 '654 -649 -661 -673 '652 '667 -673 '657 '649 '661 '653 '681 '659 '636 
 654 -655 -662 '656 '665 '663 '676 -678 '658 '613 '659 -662 '665 '682 '667 '700 '697 '642 '687 '680 "641 '642 '652 '620 
 616 -622 -630 '632 -623 '624 -613 -622 '617 '622 '628 '657 '640 "628 '644 -666 '678 '678 '659 '640 "658 '649 '567 '571 
 589 -605 -590 '593 '596 '580 '584 '588 '573 '560 '596 -604 -597 '601 '582 '007 '562 '533 '530 '546 '568 '556 "563 "542 
 534 -525 -526 '521 -524 '526 '530 -518 '525 -560 '549 '531 '519 -518 '512 '544 '506 "547 '531 '521 -536 '488 '522 '561 
 
 ^AQ -AQQ ~A QQ V3^ e i*3Q t:9ft ^99 -^Q 1 ? 
 
 -570 -585 '591 '611 '597 '567 '565 '573 '554 "577 '566 "567 '592 '573 '595 '581 
 583 -603 -602 "619 -625 -617 -651 -653 '(561 '669 '669 '654 '666 '659 628 "650 '682 '654 "649 -648 "634 "637 '657 '642 
 603 -593 -599 '601 -590 -607 '610 -622 '630 -624 '621 -621 '622 '637 -617 '653 '645 '609 '600 '544 "585 '554 '594 "566 
 569 -546 -560 "549 '556 "554 '558 -565 "618 -619 '596 "569 '582 '591 '586 "574 "651 "689 '640 '578 "480 '40 "501 '507 
 525 -535 -526 '538 '558 '565 '568 -551 '568 '569 '570 580 '580 -567 -541 '571 '595 '648 "613 "525 "544 '536 '527 '540 
 540 "538 -534 '538 '526 "533 "556 -579 '590 -595 '615 "616 '610 '620 '604 "604 '565 "586 '571 '604 '582 '599 '599 "611 
 
 ft^l -ft^^ -AQA -fit; A -AQ9 -K1 Q tiGA -Al Q 
 
 -669 -685 '675 -669 '675 -660 "634 '651 '660 '629 '647 '653 "644 '660 '710 "656 
 637 "606 -609 '609 '615 '619 '628 '635 "621 '610 '607 -620 "623 '630 -631 "666 '647 '591 "559 "613 '604 '627 "607 "612 
 606 -580 -597 '590 -591 '586 '592 -598 '629 '629 '615 -615 "599 '589 -582 '598 '639 '589 "587 '628 "616 -596 '605 "536 
 572 -571 -582 '595 -564 '592 -585 -593 '561 '560 '561 -574 '555 '558 '536 "597 '637 '634 -643 '661 '632 '636 "641 "643 
 651 -664 -644 '637 -617 '633 '599 -588 '598 "573 '576 -601 '588 "575 -585 "631 '613 "549 -546 '583 -591 '579 "564 '551 
 567 -576 -532 '538 '550 '560 "553 -554 "582 "602 *584 -604 '596 "601 "623 '651 '693 '606 '614 '632 "656 '655 '637 '635 
 
 &A.A. -fi^IQ -R71 -7 -A7Q R r 7R -fl7G ftfitL 
 
 __ _________ -664 -666 '685 -694 -718 "721 -667 "701 '709 "693 "690 706 -714 '689 733 715 
 727 727 735 734 744 738 743 747 750 733 719 732 746 744 717 725 725 730 740 755 749 736 729 734 
 702 737 754 761 757 755 754 771 766 747 735 760 741 721 711 729 742 714 725 740 751 751 734 757 
 
 Means 1 0-607 -607 -611 -616 -617 "615 -615 -620 -623 -620 -624 -629 -628 "624 -611 -633 '643 "634 '628 -627 '618 -613 -617 -611 JO 620 
 
 * The numbers in these columns ar not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottingen 
 lean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 i 
 
 )ailyanc 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 a41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12,41 13.41 14.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 * 6 
 
 (* 7 
 rt 8 
 
 b 9 
 10 
 
 M 11 
 
 w ; 
 
 P* 12 
 1 13 
 
 03 14 
 
 ^ 15 
 
 17 
 
 a i? 
 
 EH 18 
 ^ 19 
 20 
 
 fcH 21 
 
 22 
 P 23 
 S 24 
 p 25 
 W 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 076 0-79 0-81 0-83 0'84 0'86 0'87 0'93 0'92 0*92 0'92 0*94 0'93 0-95 0-94 -89 0'81 078 072 073 070 0'67 0'68 071 
 74 -78 -84 -85 -87 -88 "91 -93 -94 -88 "77 "93 -95 -92 "94 -91 -83 -73 "66 -67 "63 -63 "61 "68 
 67 -76 -79 -80 '81 -87 -89 -91 "92 -93 '93 -93 -90 -91 -94 -89 -85 -72 -69 -65 -64 -65 -66 "65 
 fiR -79 -7Q 'RO '87 -fifi -91 -M*} 
 
 0-829 
 
 812 
 -807 
 
 799 
 805 
 802 
 810 
 826 
 806 
 
 820 
 807 
 773 
 718 
 771 
 792 
 
 783 
 782 
 770 
 783 
 755 
 789 
 
 784 
 771 
 753 
 731 
 
 90 -93 -94 -93 -90 -94 -90 -86 '81 '68 '64 -62 '64 -63 '64 -65 
 69 '73 -73 -79 -85 -85 -92 -92 -91 -95 -92 -93 -95 -95 -93 -86 -76 -75 "70 -61 '63 -62 "67 '70 
 72 -78 -76 -77 '81 '86 -88 -88 "91 -93 -92 -90 -93 '93 -95 -91 -81 -74 '67 '66 '64 -56 "66 -67 
 70 -77 -78 -81 -84 -91 -92 -93 -92 -94 -95 -92 -91 "93 -95 -89 '81 -77 '72 -61 "58 -59 "62 "67 
 74 -79 '79 -88 -89 -93 -92 -93 '90 -91 '91 -93 -93 "93 -94 -88 -83 -79 "70 '69 "66 -64 "67 "65 
 69 -74 -78 -76 '85 -93 -92 -93 "91 -93 -92 -93 -95 '93 -92 '89 -84 -77 '66 -64 -65 '60 '59 '61 
 65 "73 '76 '80 '85 "89 '91 '93 
 
 -- - -93-94 -93 -93 -92 -97 -95 -93 -85 -77 '71 -65 -67 -66 '67 "68 
 73 -73 -79 -81 '83 -86 -91 -93 -90 -93 -93 -93 -94 -94 -92 -85 -79 -75 "70 -67 -62 -62 '63 "67 
 70 -71 -77 -79 -79 -79 -83 '85 -86 '90 '86 '93 -91 -91 -93 -87 -80 '70 "63 '62 -60 -59 "61 '60 
 63 -66 -67 -69 '70 -69 '71 '73 -78 '82 "84 -84 -85 -86 -89 -78 -66 '64 '61 '61 '65 -64 '64 '65 
 67 -70 -71 -75 -75 "75 '78 '78 -78 '83 '84 -88 -88 '88 -89 -85 -78 -77 "72 '71 '68 -69 '71 '72 
 77 -81 -81 -81 -81 -82 -83 '83 -83 "83 '86 -94 -94 -93 -93 -88 -83 -73 '67 '61 '58 -64 -66 '67 
 '71 '76 '78 '79 "81 '81 '82 '84 
 
 -------- -80-84 -87 '89 -91 '93 -92 -89 -78 -72 '64 -61 -63 -67 '69 '69 
 71 -80 -78 '87 '79 -80 -82 -80 -80 '84 -87 '87 -89 -90 -91 -84 -75 '69 '68 '66 '67 '67 '67 -70 
 69 -73 -77 '76 '77 '79 -80 '82 -81 '83 '85 '87 -92 -89 -90 '87 '77 '72 '66 '65 '62 '63 '68 '68 
 70 -72 -77 '78 '80 '83 -82 -84 -89 '90 -91 '91 -89 '89 -95 '89 '78 '70 '67 '65 '63 '61 '63 '64 
 69 -73 -75 '76 '77 '78 -79 '80 '82 -82 '81 '87 -89 -90 -91 '87 -75 '68 '63 '65 '59 -60 '62 '64 
 67 -74 -77 '79 '81 '83 -83 '83 '85 '85 -92 "91 -93 -93 '93 -80 -81 '71 '68 "67 '65 -68 -66 '68 
 RQ -81 -7R -80 -Rl -R2 -K4. -8fi - 
 
 87 -91 -92 -93 -92 -95 '91 "85 78 -67 "58 -53 '61 '63 -67 "69 
 70 73 74 77 77 '80 -81 '83 '85 "86 "91 -91 '93 '94 '94 -83 78 70 '65 '64 -59 -58 '59 "65 
 67 73 74 76 79 '85 -90 '91 '89 "95 '91 -93 '95 -95 '93 '85 77 '66 '55 -47 -46 -43 "49 "53 
 57 "64 72 -76 79 '87 -89 '93 '87 '89 -91 '94 -94 -94 -92 '88 76 -66 "52 -41 -48 '38 '41 '47 
 
 Means 0-094 -744 -766 '791 '811 "837 '857 '872 '870 -890 '893 -913 -918 -924 -926 -868 "792 -720 '658 "628 -620 -612 -633 -654 1 0787 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 g 5 
 2 6 
 
 S 8 
 < 9 
 
 j 
 
 CQ 11 
 S 12 
 ^ 13 
 
 it 
 
 p 15 
 16 
 
 23 17 
 
 IS 
 
 h l fl 
 
 2C 
 
 fc 21 
 
 2S 
 
 2c 
 fc 24 
 
 W ot 
 
 FH *" 
 2( 
 2; 
 2* 
 2< 
 
 * * 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 0772 0761 0745 0747 0748 0752 0749 0766 0742 0726 0713 0719 0'695 0-680 0'651 0701 0'699 0716 0727 0776 0762 0730 0740 0751 
 
 760 768 780 777 '772 765 767 752 739 702 '667 -692 '694 -651 '652 '688 739 '699 '664 -697 '671 '679 '664 -721 
 708 735 733 729 719 749 '729 735 724 711 '688 707 '664 '675 '669 704 743 710 706 -687 '689 '686 705 '677 
 fiQI -fi07 -71 3 -fiQO -fiG/P -RR2 -fiQR -fiRl 
 
 In. 
 
 0732 
 715 
 
 708 
 
 676 
 670 
 704 
 714 
 700 
 685 
 
 723 
 708 
 688 
 667 
 740 
 781 
 
 753 
 751 
 751 
 749 
 751 
 765 
 
 791 
 788 
 717 
 697 
 
 - -679 -686 '674 -666 '641 '650 -624 '676 '695 '663 -659 "662 -687 -663 "678 "671 
 681 -675 -672 -687 704 -689 -697 "674 '644 -651 '632 -631 '651 -653 -625 '655 '651 "698 '695 '649 "678 -672 710 711 
 721 740 713 718 716 -721 703 -691 '689 -688 '677 -664 '685 -675 -693 -705 719 724 710 '738 720 -647 722 724 
 728 -740 -743 746 740 749 736 723 '696 '696 "687 -667 '666 -674 '698 705 719 761 753 725 -687 '680 "690 719 
 756 759 741 761 759 740 714 706 -659 -648 '644 -650 "646 -633 '633 -647 '695 727 '699 731 727 708 '719 701 
 704 717 -720 709 704 704 -690 -698 -686 -670 '655 -647 '653 -636 -630 -654 703 705 '667 '679 739 -692 '691 '682 
 690 717 723 734 743 741 '739 732 
 
 -------- 715 703 -693 -692 '696 723 700 745 747 743 745 702 736 725 733 740 
 754 733 751 '740 743 742 742 '730 '691 -684 '666 -666 '651 -662 -651 -675 705 746 '741 '724 '685 "691 706 719 
 716 -699 716 '721 '710 702 717 '712 '682 -684 -655 '681 "665 -654 -668 -694 717 '718 '665 "669 -652 "673 "671 '670 
 668 -648 -640 '653 "650 '627 '643 '656 '676 -670 '678 -670 '674 -676 '684 -671 -652 "655 '644 -664 -695 718 '716 "688 
 699 -696 -682 '695 '688 -691 704 712 711 738 '740 739 732 729 741 -743 747 789 778 797 784 789 '806 -832 
 821 -817 -799 -800 -794 -807 '808 792 787 -774 789 791 791 777 783 780 '816 771 734 736 717 754 764 745 
 761 778 770 -770 776 780 784 795 
 
 -------- -668 -679 -699 710 717 714 719 772 772 779 716 731 763 '809 '805 '805 
 802 -848 777 795 759 752 753 734 729 740 749 706 703 -691 710 720 732 749 750 753 769 758 '769 780 
 763 '762 766 747 '750 762 764 774 762 760 751 723 '742 717 '731 771 764 -752 713 756 728 741 763 767 
 770 755 758 761 762 773 764 758 756 733 717 715 702 704 747 769 765 751 748 -757 763 743 746 753 
 769 763 '745 743 743 751 753 752 757 751 747 771 749 733 735 790 763 '756 723 -772 720 738 758 753 
 750 761 761 768 768 772 '767 762 766 756 764 736 740 732 736 704 '805 785 -815 786 775 777 '778 791 
 767 '80S 765 794 790 790 '801 790 
 
 -------- -827 -809 -808 '786 775 793 759 -808 -822 '758 727 -682 -821 -828 '850 '837 
 811 -800 795 -801 '795 '802 "809 '814 -805 796 '809 781 767 768 790 788 '829 '811 775 775 739 738 739 777 
 771 788 780 768 774 789 793 779 744 733 710 730 717 705 -715 731 741 711 '654 -611 -602 '567 -622 -663 
 684 714 756 766 759 755 '756 740 716 719 724 745 731 723 701 756 766 748 '647 -561 '629 '508 -530 -587 
 
 Means 0741 "747 "742 -745 "743 -743 -743 -738 -722 '716 '709 -707 "702 -697 '698 -722 -740 -737 -714 -713 "717 '709 -723 "731 0725 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
252 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Mea"S Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 i 
 
 Daily an< 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. li. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. li, n . li. ni. li. m. h. m. li.m. )i. m. h. m. h m. li. ra. h. m. h. m. h. m. h m 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.-J1 1C.41 17.41 D-.-.1 IKil 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 ] 
 
 5 
 
 ' 
 
 1 
 
 < 
 
 CO '. 
 
 2 [ 
 
 w t 
 
 ! K 
 
 a is 
 
 1 i 
 
 tf 14 
 
 3 1 
 
 w 
 W I' 
 EH lg 
 
 fe IS 
 20 
 IH 21 
 22 
 P 23 
 S 24 
 p 25 
 W 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 0-56 0-68 0-72 074 079 0-82 0'80 0'82 0'85 0'93 0'92 0*91 0'89 0'93 0'93 0'88 078 0-71 0'60 0'46 0'42 0'43 0'54 0'60 
 ! -62 -70 -74 -78 '78 '81 "84 -87 -86 -88 -93 -91 '93 -93 '91 -86 -79 -66 -61 -60 -65 -61 -63 -65 
 
 \ -KU 74 -74. -7Q -89 -Rfl 'R7 -R8 - 
 
 0-738 
 773 
 
 761 
 783 
 768 
 751 
 771 
 782 
 
 783 
 767 
 761 
 763 
 747 
 757 
 
 809 
 793 
 787 
 773 
 750 
 768 
 
 745 
 762 
 772 
 776 
 788 
 798 
 
 t - -87 -89 -91 -89 .86 -88 '89 -84 -73 -66 '58 -57 -57 -55 -08 '61 
 -65 -71 -73 -79 -81 '83 -88 -90 -91 -91 -91 -92 '92 -90 -91 '85 -76 -69 '67 -65 -62 -61 '62 -65 
 i -68 -76 "76 -76 -81 '82 -85 -89 -86 "87 -90 -90 '90 -92 '93 -86 -80 -68 '56 -50 -54 -62 -62 -65 
 ' -69 -75 -81 -79 '79 '82 -81 '82 -86 -92 -91 '92 -91 -91 -93 -87 '76 -64 -59 -51 '48 -50 -50 -54 
 ! -64 -73 "74 -74 -79 '80 -79 -79 '80 '87 -88 -90 '91 -92 '92 -85 -74 -67 -69 -67 -66 -67 -66 '68 
 1 -72 -77 '80 -84 -84 -88 "89 -90 "87 -90 -94 -95 "93 '93 -93 '87 -75 -62 '63 -54 -54 -55 '59 -60 
 ) -68 -77 -79 -83 -85 -88 '88 -88 - _____ 
 -88 -90 '91 -92 -92 '93 -92 -82 -73 -66 '62 -60 -59 -59 '61 -64 
 66 -70 "74 -77 -80 -82 -85 -87 "88 '88 -91 -90 -91 -93 . '91 -6 -74 -66 '61 -60 -61 -60 -61 -60 
 63 '66 -71 -74 -77 -83 -83 -86 "87 -88 -90 -91 -91 -90 '89 -81 "74 -66 -65 "63 -64 -62 -60 -63 
 67 -73 '76 -80 -81 '84 '86 -83 '87 -87 '87 '87 -89 '90 "90 -85 '74 -63 '61 '60 -60 -59 -60 '62 
 64 -66 -71 -73 -75 '76 '76 '80 '83 '85 -87 '89 -91 '92 '91 -82 '74 -67 "64 '62 -60 -61 -61 -62 
 65 -71 '77 -76 -78 '79 -82 -82 '82 -83 -83 '85 '87 '87 '89 -83 '72 -64 '66 '62 -65 -65 -64 -69 
 74 "78 '81 'S '8 - 84 '83 '86 - - - - 
 
 '88 -92 -91 -95 -94 -93 '93 -88 '80 -71 '68 -67 -64 -68 '68 -71 
 77 -80 "82 -81 -81 '82 '84 -88 '90 -91 '90 -93 -93 '91 '93 -87 .74 -64 '62 -63 '62 -65 -65 -65 
 68 -73 '77 -82 -83 '85 -89 -90 '89 -91 '90 '95 -95 '94 '91 -83 -80 -67 '64 -63 -61 -60 -62 -58 
 67 -72 '77 -78 -79 '80 '83 -87 '88 '90 -90 -91 '91 '91 "90 -83 -76 -66 '63 '62 -62 -62 -62 -66 
 67 -73 "74 -76 -78 '80 '80 -80 '83 '86 -89 '91 -91 -92 '92 -84 '69 '63 '59 -58 '57 -58 -60 -59 
 63 -68 '75 -78 -80 '84 -87 -87 '86 '87 -88 -90 '92 -91 -9] .85 '72 '65 '64 -59 -60 '61 -64 -67 
 '70 - 74 '77 '79 r 80 '8 '88 '86 - 
 
 -87-95 -91 -90 -93 -92 -93 -84 '70 '53 -47 -51 -54 -46 -50 -56 
 63 -73 '75 -78 -80 '83 -85 -85 '89 '90 '91 '91 '92 "92 -93 -88 '77 '66 -53 '61 -59 -54 -56 -56 
 62 -71 '74 -79 -79 '84 -86 -86 '84 -91 '93 '89 -89 '91 -91 -83 '77 '65 -54 -63 -64 -65 -65 -68 
 73 -79 '83 -84 '85 '83 -85 -86 '87 '86 '87 '92 -93 "91 -86 -80 "71 -62 -47 -59 -65 -66 -67 -66 
 70 -79 -79 -80 -84 -87 -88 -90 -87 -89 -92 -91 -93 -91 -92 -83 -72 -64 -61 -63 -63. -66 -62 -65 
 76 -77 -77 -80 -81 "87 '87 -90 -92 -93 '93 -93 '93 "94 -91 -86 '75 -68 -61 -66 '62 '64 -63 -67 
 
 Means 0-672 -732 -763 "786 "804 -830 "845 -859 -867 -892 -902 '910 -913 '915 "913 "847 "748 '653 -606 -597 -596 -598 -610 -632|| 0-770 
 
 1 
 
 8 6 
 
 00 7 
 
 9 
 o y 
 
 10 
 
 3 1! 
 
 ^ a 
 
 15 
 
 j 16 
 
 S 17 
 
 * i? 
 
 19 
 
 te 20 
 21 
 55 22 
 fc 23 
 g 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 # # 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0-645 0741 0754 0754 0764 0785 0764 0774 0773 0777 0766 0734 0722 0727 0743 0773 0772 0770 0711.0-602 0-588 0-609 0706 0-771 
 750 -780 -784 -792 -787 -803 -823 -838 -798 -781 "777 '768 '760 '752 -741 -.775 '795 -757 '758 "780 .825 '765 '780 -786 
 788 '788 765 -773 -790 -7Qfi -Rfll -finfi 
 
 ' In. 
 
 0730 
 781 
 
 725 
 736 
 736 
 739 
 
 777 
 830 
 
 811 
 
 758 
 759 
 779 
 
 777 
 829 
 
 885 
 856 
 809 
 802 
 786 
 833 
 
 817 
 841 
 876 
 887 
 881 
 880 
 
 AQQ -7H7 'fiQfi -fiCt: -c:Q -fi^ft -R77 -707 -719 *710 -fiQS -fiQJ. -ftQ9 -fi7f -fitt7 -7QH 
 
 747 -758 -744 -754 754 '750 -764 '752 '745 '710 '710 -697 '685 "664 -686 "713 '737 749 758 775 774 -741 -747 761 
 776 -801 771 746 -768 780 773 764 -703 '699 707 '691 '687 '694 706 '747 775 740 -690 "656 -713 769 757 754 
 776 792 -804 775 770 794 786 791 789 785 757 739 717 710 735 790 792 709 718 '647 '614 -640 -638 '661 
 750 784 748 756 791 783 767 749 735 748 731 729 724 728 750 795 -809 786 -847 '847 '833 -830 '819 '818 
 837 -844 -830 '858 '849 '883 -890 '887 "853 '856 "841 '847 "842 "841 -855 '885 '851 754 '825 742 734 739 781 791 
 843 '867 '855 '869 '880 '902 -901 '889 
 
 806 '807 788 775 771 760 773 '806 '815 757 757 766 767 762 770 781 
 774 778 781 783 786 '812 797 771 746 731 734 720 730 740 759 797 778 740 718 725 736 756 761 746 
 752 729 747 753 765 781 760 790 746 746 757 772 759 728 742 775 785 731 766 767 776 755 759 775 
 790 -804 794 '805 '806 '829 -838 '816 798 788 778 750 756 745 763 '800 782 730 752 752 763 736 759 770 
 765 749 752 760 766 764 766 775 786 786 787 767 759 752 759 791 '812 786 775 799 797 793 795 '801 
 811 -806 -826 -818 '823 '828 -848 '850 '824 '820 '815 '808 '805 '800 -830 '877 '865 '811 '845 "847 "849 '815 -832 -851 
 871 -872 -884 -879 -876 -885 -87A -Qnn 
 
 _ _ -884 -893 "883 '896 -878 '855 -861 '889 '899 '858 -879 '899 "874 -909 -918 '923 
 907 -902 -892 -871 '859 '865 -873 '876 '872 '864 '852 "876 -848 '827 -841 -897 "867 '811 -802 '813 "828 '833 '839 "836 
 847 -834 -825 "847 '835 '845 -816 "801 792 '805 786 793 794 770 760 '816 '856 794 -811 '812 799 791 -822 758 
 806 -817 -820 "813 -807 '803 -814 '815 796 780 771 770 765 747 -762 '820 '844 '825 797 '808 '823 -822 -809 -813 
 789 -808 790 '812 -819 '827 -810 799 786 773 767 774 771 764 787 '827 796 751 744 755 "761 774 '807 778 
 802 -803 -816 '827 -828 '848 -880 '874 '865 '847 '820 '807 -806 783 -818 '875 '856 '824 '832 -805 -827 -810 '862 -873 
 875 '868 '859 '849 '851 '856 -882 '876 
 
 ,- _ -853 -866 -850 '834 '842 '821 -841 '844 '811 '681 -678 795 795 "691 716 '769 
 814 -865 -873 -884 '889 "881 -888 '880 -886 '856 "841 -836 -825 '818 -835 -889 -879 '820 -732 '851 -838 -777 776 -749 
 799 -840 -846 '863 '856 '873 -879 '871 '843 '885 -881 '859 "872 "891 -911 -919 '908 "872 -810 '889 -910 '922 -912 -907 
 927 -938 -954 -940 '912 '905 -903 '900 '897 '884 -861 -888 -885 '858 -836 -865 -862 "869 758 '872 '901 '899 '905 -873 
 888 -914 -899 '897 '900 '927 -935 '916 '869 '867 -847 -834 '841 "822 -847 -892 '859 "844 -882 -913 '881 '928 "861 -871 
 896 -882 -879 '889 '893 '909 -903 '911 '916 '891 '864 '842 '827 "817 -836 -890 -881 "852 '851 -931 -884 -909 '872 -906 
 
 Means 0'809 -822 -819 "822 -824 -835 -836 -833 "810 -806 -794 -788 "782 '772 -787 "825 '823 -782 -777 -790 -792 -786 -796 -802 1 0-805 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 253 
 
 I 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottingen 
 llean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 45 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. li. ra. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. b. m. h.m h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m h m. 
 1.41 S.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 18.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Mar. 31 
 1 
 2 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 C 
 l> 
 
 * 
 
 * 8 
 3 9 
 
 CM 1 
 !j 11 
 
 1 12 
 tf 13 
 
 5 14 
 
 H 
 B 1 
 H 17 
 
 fe 18 
 19 
 >H 20 
 6-1 21 
 
 KH ** 
 
 P 22 
 23 
 B 24 
 W 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 71 -8 '84 'S3 -87 ^3 -90 -89 
 
 0-791 
 793 
 815 
 809 
 786 
 802 
 
 773 
 725 
 742 
 732 
 736 
 719 
 
 758 
 775 
 766 
 758 
 755 
 740 
 
 732 
 750 
 772 
 779 
 764 
 755 
 
 760 
 746 
 
 -88-88 -91 -90 -93 -92 "88 '79 -71 -58 -60 -63 '64 -68 -66 -66 
 71 -78 -82 -84 -82 -84 -85 '88 -92 -95 '94 -95 -94 -91 '88 -80 -67 -65 '67 '64 -64 -61 -64 -68 
 77 -80 -84 -87 -88 -90 -90 -92 -95 -94 "92 -94 -94 -94 "90 "88 '77 -65 '53 -61 '63 -65 -68 -75 
 78 -79 -83 -88 -89 -92 -92 -92 '95 -95 '95 -85 '92 -95 "92 '84 -76 -71 "70 "60 -59 -57 -58 -65 
 71 -77 -82 -86 -85 -86 '88 -91 -89 -91 '92 -92 -94 -94 -91 -84 -74 -66 '54 '59 -58 -60 -60 -63 
 66 -72 -81 -83 -84 -84 -86 -92 '92 -91 '92 -90 '91 -92 '89 '86 -73 -72 '68 "67 '68 -68 -68 -69 
 
 70 -7 1 ; '70 -SH -R1 -RA -87 
 
 -87 -88 -92 -93 -94 -92 -84 "80 -76 -71 -68 '66 -57 -54 -56 -56 
 66 -71 -77 -80 -82 -82 '84 -84 '79 -86 '85 -85 '85 -86 '84 -72 -61 -54 -50 '51 '57 -53 -62 -64 
 66 -71 -77 -79 -84 -83 "84 -83 '86 -87 '89 '88 '88 -91 '87 '81 -66 -57 -49 "69 '51 '53 -53 -59 
 65 -74 -79 -83 -85 -88 '86 -86 '82 -84 '87 -89 -90 -88 "80 '74 -62 -54 -47 '45 '57 -56 -56 -59 
 64 -73 '79 -77 '80 -81 '83 '85 '84 -84 '86 -86 '86 -88 '85 '77 -70 -63 -54 '47 '43 -61 -63 -67 
 70 -75 -74 -76 '77 -75 "76 -76 '75 -77 '79 -83 "85 -85 '81 '74 -66 -57 -50 -59 '61 -63 -63 -68 
 "71 "78 "79 "79 '79 -79 '8 '8 
 
 -88-92 -93 -94 -93 -92 '86 -76 -68 -61 -59 -53 '55 -57 -62 -61 
 66 -74 -80 -85 -84 -85 '86 -86 '89 -88 -88 '89 -91 -92 '88 -78 -68 '62 -61 "61 '62 -64 -64 -68 
 72 -76 -79 -80 -83 -87 -88 -88 '87 -88 -91 -90 '90 '92 '88 '78 -65 -58 -59 -59 -58 -57 -62 -63 
 67 -74 -75 -76 '78 '83 '83 -84 '86 -90 -89 '91 -91 -92 -87 -79 -73 -68 -54 -61 '60 '58 '58 -62 
 68 -74 -77 -79 -80 "82 '83 -83 '83 -86 -89 -91 -90 -90 '90 "79 -72 -65 -62 -57 -59 '57 -56 -60 
 64 -69 -78 -80 '82 '84 -85 -86 '90 -90 -91 -91 '93 -90 '86 "78 -72 -59 -55 '53 -49 '46 -50 -54 
 '60 '71 "77 "S3 "S6 -88 "89 '0 
 
 -84-86 -89 -91 '90 -86 -80 '66 -55 -49 -52 -53 -55 -56 -60 -59 
 69 -75 -79 -82 -80 -81 '80 -82 '84 -88 '88 '86 '87 -88 '83 '73 -63 -61 -64 -63 -60 -59 -60 '65 
 66 -72 -76 -80 -82 -81 -85 -86 '88 -88 -90 '90 '89 -89 '85 '76 -70 -68 '64 -67 '63 -64 -64 -70 
 71 -74 -80 -81 -85 "86 -86 -88 '91 x -92 -92 '91 '91 -91 '88 '77 -64 -65 -63 -61 "61 '62 '64 -65 
 68 -74 -79 -82 -84 -87 -86 -88 '94 -95 -92 "91 "89 -88 '86 '77 -63 -53 -59 -60 -58 -58 -59 -63 
 62 -70 -77 -78 '81 -84 -87 -87 '86 -88 '92 -93 '91 -91 "88 -77 -68 -59 -61 -58 "57 "59 -57 -62 
 63 -71 - 81 '84 - 84 "88 "S3 -8 
 
 - ~ -93-98 "99 96 -93 -84 -80 -74 -65 '58 '57 -55 -56 -53 -58 -63 
 68 -80 -83 -83 '83 "88 '89 -87 -90 -86 "88 -87 -87 '87 '82 -70 -63 -52 -46 -53 -57 '57 -60 -64 
 
 Means 1 0-681 -746 -793 "815 -829 -846 -857 '863 "876 '890 -902 -900 -904 '900 "860 -776 -680 -612 -579 -587 '582 -587 -604 -638 j 0-763 
 
 Mar. 31 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 o 6 
 
 2 8 
 
 H! 9 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 "? 12 
 
 g S 
 
 15 
 Pj 16 
 $ 17 
 
 19 
 20 
 
 21 
 22 
 fc 23 
 W 24 
 * 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0'9"|8 (VQ4Q 0'944 0"92 9 0'927 0'937 0'94"' 0'915 
 
 In. 
 
 0-913 
 924 
 938 
 927 
 924 
 9C1 
 
 865 
 834 
 907 
 918 
 929 
 893 
 
 886 
 891 
 875 
 843 
 829 
 814 
 
 864 
 897 
 910 
 897 
 866 
 866 
 
 889 
 889 
 
 0-911 C'889 0-908 0'904 0'910 0'893 0'891 0'901 0'895 0'823 0'8/3 0'918 0'92C 0'970 0'940 0'906 
 918 -927 -929 -938 '906 -921 -928 -935 -922 -931 -921 -931 -922 -892 -882 -899 -845 -899 -955 -977 '970 '945 -934 -949 
 968 -968 -965 -965 '967 -975 '953 '954 -956 '936 '922 -953 '959 -942 '916 '948 '940 '898 '821 -872 '884 "918 -945 '978 
 966 -940 -939 -967 "961 -969 -965 '955 -931 '931 '937 '847 '900 -925 -930 '964 -939 -945 '961 -881 '878 "863 -862 '904 
 928 -948 -951 -958 '941 -942 -942 '951 -946 -951 "947 '922 -927 -916 -914 '994 -961 -928 '822 -894 '879 "874 -852 -878 
 869 -886 -924 -933 '924 -908 -905 '916 -895 '864 '861 -869 '860 -857 '874 '939 -902 -924 '907 -910 '915 '939 -948 -889 
 
 884 'fiR 1 ! 'Qfll -SOA -RCA -dm -QflQ 'R7fi 
 
 -880 -884 -898 "896 '889 '879 '866 '872 -849 -842 -841 -863 '809 -791 -794 -750 
 812 -837 -854 -865 "870 -865 -870 -862 -810 -864 '854 -847 "833 -824 "844 -830 '800 -755 '768 '810 '865 -782 '832 -860 
 845 -887 -905 -915 '927 '929 -915 '913 '929 '933 '930 -911 '879 -891 '903 '951 -914 -866 -828 -931 '924 -933 -904 -895 
 926 -990 I'OOo 1-017 1-021 roos -937 -967 '921 '906 "913 -908 -901 -882 '861 '897 '868 "819 -791 -802 '942 -907 '903 -897 
 919 -959 0-907 0-942 ;.o-942 0-952 -960 -960 -931 '932 '937 -929 '920 -932 -957 -948 '948 -891 -868 -829 '809 -933 '958 -958 
 972 -972 -904 -906 -903 '855 -880 '860 '842 '834 "848 -890 '903 -897 -902 '875 -873 '884 -824 -899 '932 -925 "918 -946 
 550 Q'ifi -Q21 -Q14. -RQ^ -RR7 -RQ4, -RR-i 
 
 -911 -924 -910 -912 '896 -893 '900 '881 '877 -853 '851 -783 '828 -842 '861 -839 
 862 -898 -892 -927 '90S '918 -911 -906 -900 '889 "884 -874 "891 -894 -917 '904 -883 -871 -876 -855 '859 -869 "897 -910 
 902 -904 -901 '891 -896 -934 -935 '932 '909 '888 '891 -881 '875 -880 -889 '883 '814 '804 -839 -846 -818 -802 -838 -838 
 847 -852 -852 -840 -845 -868 -869 '858 '852 "838 -803 -809 '811 -793 "838 '891 '903 -932 "763 -851 "848 -835 '810 -830 
 855 -867 -848 '857 '853 '864 -868 '840 '834 '823 "804 '809 '801 -792 "833 '875 '860 '841 -822 -778 '812 -781 '783 -797 
 819 -829 -851 "861 '864 "876 -880 -877 '875 '834 '816 '809 -806 -780 '796 '839 -865 '781 -793 '792 '720 -675 '729 -764 
 814 '863 '88 '9 '94 '935 '916 '953 
 
 -880 -876 -870 '906 '887 -851 '867 -797 -760 -723 -767 -810 '853 -866 '907 -867 
 926 -938 -936 "931 -907 -907 '896 "897 '870 '882 '876 '867 '880 '883 -922 '910 '834 -884 -929 -917 '895 -878 '873 -898 
 903 -922 -909 '917 '923 '908 "930 '936 '937 '887 '872 '872 '862 -859 '912 '912 '941 -923 '909 -948 "919 -910 '901 -937 
 928 -917 -922 '913 -922 '932 '929 -927 '945 -949 "895 '872 '841 -839 -887 -882 '812 '864 -881 '878 '888 -908 '910 -897 
 904 -914 -908 '913 -917 -933 -911 -913 -907 '891 '867 '850 -820 '781 "844 '848 '818 -756 -840 -873 '855 -836 '821 -870 
 830 -860 -866 '866 '880 -901 -909 -904 -890 '882 '887 '855 "838 '842 -905 '908 '875 -826 -872 -851 '839 -839 -805 -857 
 '867 -892 -Q30 -Q4-i -W* -Q42 -Q4.9 -RfiO 
 
 QAH -Q-fil -QA1 Q'3 t i -RQ7 -70^ -ft! fi -7^ *RRA -fW.9 .! -R1Q -ft^Q -CA1 -Q79 -Qin 
 
 939 -982 -991 -961 -961 *948 '957 -921 -911 -859 "863 -847 '853 -855 *873 -844 -834 -766 -768 -833 '883 -861 -905 -921 
 
 Means 1 0-895 -913 -915 -918 -916 -920 '920 -910 -901 -894 -887 -881 '875 -864 -882 -895 -872 -851 -847 -862 -869 -866 '873 -882 1 0-888 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 64 
 
254 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 3aily anc 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 tfean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. Km. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. c. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 441 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 oo 7 
 
 * 1 
 
 a 10 
 
 ! 11 
 
 g 12 
 ^ 13 
 
 H 14 
 5 15 
 H 16 
 
 fe 17 
 18 
 
 >H 19 
 
 & 20 
 P 21 
 3 22 
 p 23 
 W 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 63 -73 -77 -81 '84 -86 -85 -86 '85 *86 -88 *87 -86 -88 '83 -74 -66 -53 -41 -36 -51 -56 -58 -61 
 66 -75 -77 -81 -78 -80 -82 -83 -81 79 '83 "84 -84 -82 76 -71 -63 -61 '62 -63 '61 -60 -64 -68 
 74 78 -79 -81 '83 '83 -86 -86 -87 -84 "86 -85 -87 -88 '84 74 -64 -58 -51 "63 "64 -67 -67 -69 
 76 -83 -81 -82 -81 -82 -83 -83 -83 -83 .85 -88 -88 -89 -81 -74 -71 -69 '64 -63 -66 -64 -64 -65 
 71 79 -81 '82 '82 '85 '84 '85 
 
 0-722 
 735 
 762 
 770 
 
 766 
 742 
 709 
 650 
 625 
 593 
 
 669 
 577 
 620 
 600 
 605 
 668 
 
 696 
 723 
 625 
 608 
 516 
 479 
 
 572 
 602 
 665 
 590 
 629 
 
 - - . - - - - - - -88 '88 -88 -88 -88 -88 '83 -73 -69 -60 '64 73 '63 '62 '62 -63 
 66 74 77 -80 '81 '80 '81 -82 '84 -86 -88 -89 -88 -84 -80 73 64 '58 '60 -61 '60 '61 '61 -63 
 68 75 -82 -82 -81 '82 '83 -82 '80 "80 79 -80 '84 -81 75 -67 -62 -48 '-44 '52 '57 '59 '60 '59 
 65 74 -83 -83 '82 -75 73 72 71 72 72 74 75 73 '69 '56 -48 -46 -51 -52 '51 '46 '49 -48 
 61 '69 78 -80 -80 71 73 72 72 70 70 74 72 73 '64 '56 -50 '41 '37 -38 '47 '50 '50 -52 
 57 '67 -66 '69 '69 72 71 72 73 '69 '67 70 -70 -65 "56 '48 -45 '41 '39 -42 '44 -52 "51 -49 
 
 ^9 fi'Z -71 -7R -7Q -RO -7R -77 
 
 -------- -76 76 '81 -81 -84 -84 -80 71 -59 -53 '44 -46 '48 -48 '49 '51 
 59 '67 75 76 76 79 71 -63 '64 -59 '60 -63 -63 -58 '56 '48 '42 '37 '37 -41 '46 '47 -48 -50 
 51 -58 -65 -65 '68 -69 74 71 75 74 77 78 79 "81 75 '62 -52 '41 '38 -33 -46 '51 '53 -53 
 54 -53 -65 73 '69 75 78 78 79 -80 77 75 75 72 '59 '49 -41 '35 '29 -38 -43 -47 '47 -50 
 52 -61 -55 -56 '62 -67 -68 75 '77 77 75 71 -67 72 '63 '54 -49 '48 '49 -49 -50 -52 -51 -51 
 53 -61 74 -80 -81 79 76 72 74 -80 '85 -87 -88 -89 71 -57 -50 -41 '51 -51 -50 -49 '51 -53 
 
 id, -K^ -RQ -7A -7R -78 ! -S3 
 
 -------- -77-85 -85 -86 '87 -86 '80 74 -65 '54 -44 -39 -52 -56 -58 -62 
 62 71 78 -80 -82 -83 '83 -83 -81 '80 -81 79 -83 -88 '81 -70 -60 -56 -56 -57 -54 -57 -64 -66 
 71 70 74 79 79 79 '81 77 '74 -68 '67 -65 -63 '63 -61 -51 -48 '45 -40 -37 '35 -54 '57 -62 
 63 70 70 74 78 -83 79 76 '62 -61 '63 -64 -68 -68 -67 -56 -45 '39 '37 -29 '39 '51 -57 -61 
 61 -62 -59 -52 -55 -58 "62 -65 '64 -63 '62 -58 "60 -67 -60 -53 -46 '39 '35 -34 -29 '32 -30 -32 
 33 -49 -45 -44 -45 -52 '54 -55 '51 '56 '57 -59 -59 -60 '59 '54 -49 '45 '39 '31 '28 -38 '39 -49 
 '56 '61 71 7 -7 '68 71 71 
 
 - _____ -59 -60 '63 -62 -60 -62 -62 '53 '45 '39 '35 '35 -41 -50 -50 -54 
 55 '59 -65 -68 70 73 77 78 "68 73 71 '69 '63 -63 -59 '51 '46 -42 '39 -46 '50 '52 -53 -56 
 67 72 76 78 77 78 73 74 78 79 79 -81 -81 -82 73 -65 '55 -45 '41 '39 '45 -48 -54 -57 
 70 72 -69 -66 -65 -64 -69 73 74 '67 -65 -68 '67 -69 -64 -49 -42 '39 -38 '33 -33 -48 '55 -56 
 58 -65 71 -69 71 76 79 79 79 76 70 -77 73 -64 '54 -51 '50 '48 '39 -36 -51 -58 '56 '60 
 
 Means 0-607 -676 '716 "734 -743 '754 760 "760 -747 '745 -750 '756 -756 -755 -694 -605 -536 '474 -446 -447 -483 "524 -540 -563|0'649 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 o 6 
 
 I 8 
 
 \ 9 
 -4 10 
 
 *t U 
 A 12 
 
 g 13 
 
 14 
 PH 15 
 
 ? 16 
 17 
 
 18 
 19 
 
 I 20 
 
 55 21 
 
 g 22 
 g 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0-891 0-929 0-942 0'951 0'962 0'9C2 935 0'929 0'909 0'908 0'911 0'903 0'890 0'896 0'923 0'888 0'861 0782 0'G97 0"G78 0794 0'861 0'880 0'913 
 
 933 -964 -948 '957 -925 -920 '930 -929 '893 -862 -892 '902 '883 "882 -898 '911 '897 '927 '908 '923 '941 '924 -944 -967 
 993 1-006 -983 "984 '992 -970 '993 -993 '997 "953 '951 '947 -958 "975 -973 '974 -926 '897 '869 -955 '977 '962 -962 -981 
 I'OiO -018 -988 -988 "959 '963 '960 -934 '947 '929 '947 '955 -957 '976 '979 '965 '948 -976 -960 "948 -944 '947 '953 '968 
 <vp7 0-985 -933 '981 "957 '979 '956 '953 * 
 
 In. 
 0-883 
 919 
 965 
 963 
 
 952 
 942 
 936 
 
 889 
 887 
 826 
 
 918 
 801 
 
 858 
 847 
 838 
 889 
 
 933 
 967 
 859 
 817 
 716 
 745 
 
 860 
 886 
 935 
 835 
 868 
 
 -944 '936 -941 '942 '944 '943 -960 '952 '968 '877 -952 '955 '947 "946 -939 '922 
 938 -959 -945 -950 '948 '925 '928 '930 '951 '955 '964 '968 '948 '933 -928 '921 "916 '896 -935 -944 -952 '963 '947 '959 
 976 -983 -993 -988 "955 '954 '960 -951 '930 '931 -916 '922 -937 "908 -902 '906 '914 -825 '829 '914 -948 '964 I'OOO -965 
 989 1-002 roi9 1-021 -997 -940 '920 -924 '886 '878 -864 '868 '859 '845 -855 778 764 -780 -867 -880 '901 "821 0'860 -829 
 946 0-969 0-999 -Q19 1'012 -911 '928 -913 '908 '889 -884 '897 '861 '859 -809 "822 797 753 746 -808 "870 "892 -900 -901 
 940 -970 -933 0-945 0-907 -941 '910 -882 '859 '812 780 '805 783 743 -674 -676 710 724 -738 785 798 '862 -836 -814 
 '818 '897 '91 -966 "978 '98 '97 '93 
 
 -919 '907 '938 "926 "964 '964 -974 '972 '914 '922 '828 -898 '885 '863 '861 -881 
 931 -936 -981 I'OOi -990 1'OOS -886 777 768 705 708 725 '709 '667 -687 '660 "651 -647 720 -779 -841 '821 -816 -810 
 820 -818 -839 0-840 -855 0-872 -912 -859 "896 '881 '893 '906 '919 '928 '925 '869 "813 738 732 702 -841 '893 -913 -919 
 901 -828 -906 -985 '923 -962 '972 -974 '969 -982 '940 '916 '861 798 -707 '692 '662 -663 '575 733 -820 '850 -846 -866 
 865 -905 799 '800 '824 -865 '883 -932 '917 '878 '857 774 724 753 751 '755 769 -789 '882 -883 -892 '885-868 -859 
 878 -883 -976 I'OlO 1-015 -987 '937 -876 '871 '940 '972 '971 '961 '939 "838 775 746 -674 '865 '871 '830 '837 -816 -879 
 886 '955 -918 0-96 8 0-973 -963 '99 roos 
 
 -942 -941 '947 "949 '965 '951 "972 '986 '955 -865 781 741 -888 '919 -943 -954 
 962 -995 1-003 roos i-oos 1-009 i-oos -008 -951 -942 '948 '923 -947 '973 -990 -972 -936 -883 -908 -940 -910 -954 i"005 1-029 
 1-039 -990 0-981 -007 0-995 -QOS '000 0-940 -867 -800 -764 745 722 722 765 728 766 740 758 711 727 '926 0-958 0-958 
 0-948 -958 -953 0-972 -999 .Q39 0'978 -933 -747 727 726 723 741 735 747 720 '669 -660 -692 '626 729 '828 '863 '884 
 893 -909 '837 707 '681 0705 -718 729 713 747 736 '658 '660 732 709 716 721 '676 -640 '672 -594 '690 '647 -698 
 690 -822 747 "690 '657 715 '747 759 '695 742 763 765 748 745 785 '790 776 -796 768 '636 -611 '730 769 -939 
 i-nns vnoc> 1-nift -993 -98 '934 '951 - 919 
 
 - - - -782 -783 781 756 -720 '743 -823 '832 768 770 703 -718 "835 -939 -926 '963 
 0-935 0-931 0-958 -965 '971 '986 I'OOi -995 -886 -927 -921 '866 768 749 772 777 757 784 771 '875 -915 '923 -904 -919 
 979 1-002 1-010 roi6 1-000 j-002 0-936 -937 -952 '961 -964 -951 '953 '938 -927 -929 '886 -824 -809 -819 '893 '889 '924 -940 
 1-009 -014 -003 0-869 0-849 . 825 -855 -917 '906 "817 795 '845 '802 795 775 715 '687 '689 736 '658 '687 '876 '956 '956 
 0-940 0-965 0-979 -951 '952 '984 I'OOG rooe -983 '906 -858 '901 -837 "729 '660 '673 -742 781 -697 708 -838 -896 -918 '919 
 
 Means 0-929 -948 -948 -945 -936 -938 "931 '920 "888 "876 "873 -867 "853 -845 -841 '828 '812 '790 '791 -806 -845 "884 -895 -911 0-879 
 
 * Th numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 255 
 
 HUMIDITY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE 
 
 AIE AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHEEIC VAPOUE 
 
 
 
 jottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 23 
 
 Daily am 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. 
 4.41 
 
 h.m. 
 6.41 
 
 h. m. 
 6.41 
 
 h.m. 
 7.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. 
 8.41 9.41 
 
 h. m. 
 10.41 
 
 h. m. 
 11.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h m 
 12.41 13.41 14.11 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 
 
 h.m. 
 1.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. 
 2.41 3.41 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 o 6 
 
 co "7 
 
 S 8 
 W 9 
 g 10 
 5 11 
 1 12 
 2 13 
 -3 14 
 H 15 
 W 16 
 H 17 
 
 5 18 
 19 
 N 20 
 H 21 
 9 22 
 S 23 
 24 
 W 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 60 
 60 
 
 60 
 61 
 56 
 66 
 56 
 61 
 
 63 
 65 
 65 
 54 
 33 
 36 
 
 71 
 
 64 
 81 
 74 
 75 
 67 
 
 53 
 55 
 53 
 59 
 64 
 
 67 
 64 
 
 62 
 66 
 53 
 71 
 
 66 
 
 62 
 74 
 74 
 62 
 34 
 35 
 
 72 
 66 
 
 87 
 78 
 80 
 
 72 
 
 63 
 61 
 60 
 61 
 69 
 
 70 
 76 
 
 69 
 73 
 54 
 75 
 76 
 
 71 
 
 79 
 75 
 73 
 63 
 
 79 
 74 
 87 
 
 82 
 83 
 
 78 
 
 66 
 63 
 59 
 64 
 63 
 
 73 
 
 77 
 
 71 
 76 
 55 
 76 
 
 80 
 
 75 
 76 
 78 
 77 
 39 
 41 
 
 82 
 80 
 84 
 83 
 86 
 81 
 
 66 
 65 
 59 
 67 
 64 
 
 77 -83 
 77 -79 
 
 71 '69 
 79 -79 
 
 54 -57 
 77 -77 
 79 -80 
 78 '79 
 
 75 -76 
 74 -75 
 78 -77 
 64 -50 
 38 -41 
 43 -45 
 
 83 -78 
 81 -81 
 
 83 -87 
 87 -86 
 88 -87 
 82 -83 
 
 64 -73 
 67 -75 
 61 -68 
 68 -77 
 65 -67 
 
 84 
 
 78 
 
 71 
 81 
 62 
 76 
 89 
 
 71 
 75 
 
 74 
 47 
 46 
 46 
 
 77 
 82 
 91 
 88 
 86 
 84 
 
 78 
 79 
 75 
 80 
 91 
 
 83 
 74 
 
 69 
 83 
 64 
 75 
 90 
 
 63 
 75 
 73 
 
 47 
 48 
 45 
 
 83 
 77 
 90 
 88 
 87 
 81 
 
 81 
 82 
 73 
 
 82 
 88 
 
 81 *81 -79 -81 -78 -77 -78 '70 -56 '47 -43 -39 -52 
 
 53 
 
 54 -60 
 
 0-677 
 
 610 
 607 
 707 
 620 
 676 
 725 
 
 650 
 621 
 657 
 644 
 508 
 443 
 
 592 
 693 
 690 
 820 
 779 
 761 
 
 680 
 605 
 586 
 573 
 612 
 636 
 
 73 -73 -72 -66 '63 '66 -66 '61 -48 -43 -40 -48 '36 
 72 '68 -67 -66 '64 '58 '58 '59 '47 -45 -50 '52 '55 
 81 '76 '76 -77 '77 '79 -78 '74 '69 -64 -59 '52 '59 
 65 '67 '70 -73 '76 '74 -70 '68 '73 -69 '59 '57 '48 
 75 '71 '72 -72 '76 '80 '77 '66 '64 -58 -50 -46 -59 
 85 '89 -90 -91 -92 '92 -83 -74 -66 -62 '53 '49 -48 
 
 35 
 51 
 
 58 
 44 
 54 
 49 
 
 33 -57 
 51 -52 
 59 -61 
 56 -64 
 51 -58 
 43 -58 
 
 56 '64 -63 -64 -70 '71 '70 '66 '64 -50 '49 "48 -44 
 61 '61 -65 -64 -66 '66 -73 '59 '53 -49 '46 -44 -49 
 77 '76 '76 '77 '74 '73 -65 '61 -55 -50 '47 "43 -39 
 77 '77 -79 -81 '83 '84 -72 -60 '49 -45 -40 '38 -39 
 47 '49 '52 -59 '64 '65 '58 '52 '46 -44 '39 '37 '35 
 49 '53 '53 -54 -55 '57 '54 '52 -45 -41 '39 '38 -34 
 
 42 
 53 
 52 
 50 
 34 
 33 
 
 58 -63 
 62 -64 
 56 -63 
 42 -35 
 33 -31 
 32 -33 
 
 87 '88 '88 '86 '86 '86 -73 '64 -66 -55 -50 -47 -42 
 71 -79 -78 -79 -81 '85 -82 -72 -54 -53 '47 -43 -42 
 72 '73 -75 -78 -78 '74 -76 -68 '59 -53 -53 -47 -50 
 90 -88 -91 -89 -83 '89 -90 -87 -85 -83 -81 -69 -64 
 88 '86 -76 -82 -86 '86 -90 -88 '84 -77 -68 '59 -58 
 88 '85 '85 -86 -87 '88 -81 -74 -69 -61 -56 -50 '53 
 
 45 
 51 
 62 
 61 
 54 
 61 
 
 61 -67 
 58 -64 
 65 -69 
 61 -67 
 54 -68 
 65 -65 
 
 78 '80 -80 -82 -84 -84 -79 -70 -62 -57 -47 -46 -40 
 81 '81 -80 -68 -64 -64 -60 -53 -59 -47 -47 -42 -39 
 79 -79 '76 -71 -64 -64 -58 '51 -49 -46 '42 -39 -37 
 72 '65 -65 -60 -68 '61 -59 -55 -51 -46 -41 '38 -44 
 80 -74 -68 -55 '57 -60 -61 -54 '49 -46 -44 -41 -51 
 79 -78 -74 -70 '67 -69 -67 -62 -59 -51 -48 '46 -43 
 
 35 
 37 
 34 
 46 
 
 54 
 46 
 
 37 -42 
 35 -51 
 34 -36 
 45 -51 
 58 -58 
 41 -55 
 
 Means 1 0'605 
 
 651 
 
 710 
 
 717 
 
 717 '732 
 
 757 
 
 754 
 
 746 -744 -740 -732 -737 "741 '711 -648 '592 -537 -495 '463 '464 
 
 478 
 
 498 -557 1 0-647 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 o 6 
 
 co 7 
 
 S 8 
 H 9 
 
 H JO 
 
 1 12 
 
 I \l 
 
 PH 15 
 S3 16 
 17 
 
 o 18 
 19 
 
 20 
 2 21 
 
 i 23 
 ^ 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 In. 
 
 0-907 
 
 970 
 
 914 
 870 
 827 
 909 
 910 
 853 
 
 893 
 915 
 958 
 872 
 655 
 
 925 
 917 
 840 
 902 
 954 
 
 In. 
 
 0'955 
 
 909 
 903 
 
 778 
 893 
 937 
 885 
 
 860 
 937 
 963 
 939 
 629 
 
 921 
 
 889 
 910 
 894 
 962 
 
 In. 
 
 0-962 
 0-945 
 
 928 
 740 
 894 
 984 
 919 
 
 887 
 943 
 943 
 952 
 894 
 
 949 
 932 
 906 
 919 
 963 
 
 In. 
 
 0-972 
 
 1-034 
 0-953 
 
 957 
 740 
 906 
 
 1-012 
 0-907 
 
 924 
 914 
 949 
 967 
 628 
 
 960 
 955 
 895 
 923 
 970 
 
 In. In. 
 0-977 1-018 
 1-028 -015 
 
 0-950 0-92G 
 
 985 -977 
 707 -698 
 905 -921 
 995 -997 
 883 -909 
 
 928 '938 
 891 -902 
 946 -924 
 869 -731 
 611 -621 
 670 -695 
 
 974 -914 
 964 -951 
 890 -880 
 940 -930 
 970 -971 
 
 In. 
 
 1-011 
 004 
 
 0-880 
 
 996 
 739 
 906 
 933 
 946 
 
 881 
 887 
 897 
 665 
 651 
 676 
 
 884 
 948 
 915 
 942 
 954 
 
 QRO 
 
 In. 
 
 1-002 
 
 824 
 roie 
 0-754 
 870 
 923 
 981 
 
 794 
 877 
 885 
 633 
 655 
 646 
 
 943 
 910 
 898 
 935 
 953 
 
 .QOQ 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0-985 0-977 0'9G4 0'951 0'919 0'878 0'973 0'937 0'859 0'822 0'824 0'789 0'969 
 
 In. 
 0-929 
 
 In. In. 
 0-917 0-962 
 
 In. 
 0-936 
 
 869 
 824 
 932 
 786 
 874 
 904 
 
 836 
 825 
 848 
 858 
 730 
 663 
 
 788 
 873 
 865 
 886 
 892 
 919 
 
 881 
 797 
 774 
 771 
 800 
 780 
 
 928 -917 -888 -807 -760 '785 -839 -801 -767 -743 -755 -873 -675 
 853 -807 -789 -761 -748 '686 -706 -750 -706 '706 '806 -846 -874 
 985 '912 -906 -909 -908 '911 -898 -908 -944 -919 '923 -888 "936 
 766 '788 -799 -816 "819 '814 '777 -778 -812 '816 -777 '809 '773 
 848 -787 '779 -777 '819 '859 '872 -885 -951 -926 -833 -843 '917 
 875 '902 '902 -920 '922 '922 '907 -930 '902 '919 -846 '809 -796 
 
 660 
 816 
 925 
 774 
 885 
 821 
 
 672 -953 
 804 -818 
 937 -936 
 857 -901 
 869 -927 
 757 -880 
 
 696 -753 '750 -736 -770 '789 -822 "841 -899 '791 -824 -822 -762 
 751 -738 '774 -752 '750 "738 '865 -793 '758 '767 -765 '774 '830 
 902 -891 -876 '856 -811 '786 '737 -764 -762 -777 772 -773 '754 
 908 '899 '902 '916 '929 '900 '866 '826 -731 -746 -703 -694 -767 
 627 -643 -669 -711 -752 '747 "703 -700 -677 -686 '683 '686 '659 
 657 '694 -677 '665 '662 '655 '685 '678 '643 '628 -643 -679 '648 
 
 771 
 
 845 
 842 
 857 
 665 
 648 
 
 869 -889 
 894 -901 
 888 -891 
 779 713 
 648 -634 
 643 -665 
 
 940 '949 -942 '890 '867 '867 '831 -814 "892 "789 -758 -745 '700 
 789 '877 -849 '856 '875 '891 '912 -891 '789 '792 -756 -743 '760 
 849 '825 -837 '851 '845 '813 '846 '835 '811 '732 "777 -758 "795 
 916 -913 -915 -858 '787 '820 '834 '861 '858 '874 '930 '893 '919 
 935 '923 -799 '837 '881 '881 '899 -911 '937 '915 '848 '813 '840 
 942 -913 -897 '899 '898 '898 '899 -906 '912 '856 -850 '808 '863 
 
 764 
 851 
 912 
 879 
 807 
 918 
 
 887 -934 
 926 -934 
 909 -907 
 928 '955 
 854 -945 
 956 -950 
 
 874 
 793 
 816 
 845 
 876 
 
 . 
 
 894 
 817 
 837 
 855 
 869 
 
 902 
 828 
 791 
 835 
 802 
 
 902 
 830 
 789 
 845 
 805 
 
 833 -837 
 839 -887 
 792 -844 
 851 -931 
 804 -801 
 
 904 
 913 
 888 
 940 
 944 
 
 928 
 932 
 872 
 942 
 911 
 
 914 -920 -921 -919 '937 '919 '886 -878 '831 '844 -757 '790 -768 
 926 -928 -921 -778 '723 '711 '710 -665 '779 "675 -704 -700 '683 
 919 -919 -877 '831 -752 -736 '701 -692 '661 "676 -674 -662 -670 
 864 '858 -778 '716 -775 '706 '700 -689 715 700 -648 '642 766 
 920 -867 -809 '655 '669 '684 714 -698 '697 -683 '693 702 '836 
 863 -837 785 732 '692 703 714 -691 761 720 702 719 715 
 
 698 
 649 
 646 
 766 
 838 
 783 
 
 736 -802 
 662 -840 
 646 -671 
 753 792 
 838 -853 
 696 797 
 
 Means | 0-873 
 
 881 
 
 899 
 
 894 
 
 887 -887 
 
 891 
 
 879 
 
 862 -857 '840 -816 -811 '804 -812 -805 -802 780 770 770 787 
 
 798 
 
 813 -858 0-836 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
256 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 1 HUMIDITY OP THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Jaily and 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 lliulrns 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.11 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 June 30 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 s i 
 
 oo 8 
 rt 9 
 10 
 
 P 11 
 7 12 
 
 J) 13 
 
 S 14 
 
 15 
 W 16 
 W 17 
 18 
 
 ft TO 
 
 90 
 
 fe 21 
 R 22 
 S 23 
 S 24 
 M 25 
 H 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 * * 
 fi9 -fiXi -ft*. -R8 -7ft -7O '79 -79 
 
 0-618 
 577 
 644 
 690 
 563 
 606 
 
 629 
 692 
 631 
 622 
 706 
 692 
 
 675 
 575 
 669 
 723 
 723 
 752 
 
 728 
 722 
 735 
 678 
 720 
 638 
 
 597 
 656 
 665 
 
 -84 -80 -73 -65 -68 -70 -70 -65 -58 "53 -47 -45 -45 -40 -38 -39 
 39 -40 -68 -69 -69 "75 -68 "66 -55 -61 "63 -62 -63 -64 -67 -61 -55 -52 -47 -45 -44 '44 '42 -65 
 69 -68 -75 -85 -84 '81 "76 -77 -69 -65 '65 -73 -77 -72 -65 -58 -55 "54 -51 -49 -47 '45 -43 '43 
 65 -67 -75 -80 -82 -86 -84 -88 '88 '88 "88 "86 -82 -76 -71 -68 -61 "54 -50 '45 -45 -45 -43 '38 
 38 -41 -46 -51 -68 '70 -72 -75 -75 -71 "72 -70 -70 "63 -60 -53 -49 "47 -44 '41 -40 -39 -38 '58 
 61 -68 -75 -72 -75 -74 -73 -74 -75 -72 '72 "63 -64 "64 -60 -57 -50 "46 -43 -41 -38 -36 -49 '52 
 '52 '59 '70 '69 '67 '71 '69 '75 
 
 -------- -85-87 -88 -86 -88 -79 -71 -59 -52 -47 -44 -40 -36 -35 -35 -45 
 59 -68 -73 -73 -75 -75 -76 -76 -78 -85 -87 -84 -84 -82 -79 -79 -76 -66 -57 '54 -50 -43 '39 -42 
 63 -72 -72 -78 -76 -76 '77 -80 -79 -83 '79 '72 -68 '70 -62 -56 -52 -43 -42 '39 -38 "39 -44 -55 
 63 -65 -65 -67 -71 '71 '73 -75 -77 -77 '71 '64 -64 "65 -65 -64 -62 "63 -52 '46 -46 -44 -38 -46 
 54 -58 -67 -86 -82 -75 '81 '87 -85 -87 '86 "80 -80 '77 -76 -72 -67 '64 -62 -56 -55 -50 -54 -54 
 57 -66 -74 -75 -75 '77 '7,8 '79 -72 -73 '73 '72 '81 '89 -91 -82 -66 '60 -55 -54 -52 -47 -56 -56 
 74 -73 -78 '80 -SI '79 '82 -78 
 
 -------- -78-74 '76 -81 '83 '75 -70 -70 -65 '54 -52 '43 '44 -43 -43 -43 
 44 -50 -55 -59 -61 -61 "69 -68 '59 -59 '62 -69 -74 '69 -62 -57 -54 -50 -52 "46 -45 -46 -56 -53 
 62 -69 -73 -73 -70 -74 71 '68 -72 -74 -80 -83 -84 -84 -84 -68 -60 -54 -47 -47 -43 -41 -64 -60 
 69 -69 -72 -76 -77 -77 '73 -76 '71 -85 '87 -88 -92 -90 -90 -83 -76 "67 -56 "51 -49 -51 -54 -57 
 60 -67 -74 -76 -76 -78 -79 -79 -79 -89 -89 -89 -88 -86 -84 -77 -68 '62 -59 '55 -53 -47 -58 -64 
 68 -68 -74 -80 -78 -77 -81 -81 -86 -80 -89 -91 -88 -90 -89 -88 -83 -72 -66 "61 -61 -54 -49 -52 
 "61 -70 -8" 'S3 "73 -78 '77 "75 
 
 -------- -83-90 -90 -88 -90 -87 '86 -80 -69 '62 -54 -54 '52 '48 -52 -62 
 65 -69 -76 -79 -81 '82 '82 -92 -83 -84 -83 -78 -79 '82 -81 '75 -67 '63 -56 -50 -52 '52 -63 -60 
 63 -73 -76 -76 -78 -80 '81 '79 -83 -84 -88 -87 -87 -88 -89 -83 -77 -69 -61 -55 -50 -51 -52 -53 
 53 '69 -77 -78 '80 -82 '84 '84 -86 -88 '89 -91 -80 -77 '69 -64 -58 '53 -47 -45 -44 -41 -42 -46 
 44 -45 -63 -73 -75 -91 '90 -90 -86 -90 '90 '91 '87 '85 -75 -80 '72 -67 '61 '60 '56 '50 -54 -53 
 55 -56 -60 -59 -61 -64 -69 -72 -72 -80 '78 '76 -75 -80 '75 -69 -64 "60 '58 '50 '50 '46 '50 -52 
 
 '*.*{ -Zifi -^A, C 17 -RC\ -RCl -RK -fiQ . 
 
 -------- -83 -82 -77 -75 -70 -67 -73 -61 -55 -51 '48 '47 -43 -41 -41 '41 
 55 -68 -75 -80 -81 '77 '78 '81 '83 -84 -85 '78 -69 -67 -64 -64 -62 -55 -51 -41 -40 -44 -46 -47 
 62 -71 '73 -70 -80 '81 '78 -80 '79 '81 "80 -78 -78 '78 -80 -70 -59 '54 -50 '47 -44 -41 -42 -41 
 
 Means | 0-582 -633 -699 -730 -743 -756 -763 '776 '780 '797 -800 -785 -783 -769 -744 -690 -627 -571 -523 -484 -467 -446 -476 -510|0'664 
 
 June 30 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 8 7 
 2 8 
 
 S 10 
 
 5 n 
 7 12 
 
 13 
 t> 14 
 
 5i 16 
 > 17 
 ft 18 
 19 
 fc 20 
 21 
 S3 22 
 23 
 g 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 4t * 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 0'837 0'828 0'821 0'832 0'805 0775 O'SOl 0790 
 
 In. 
 
 0789 
 787 
 817 
 838 
 775 
 801 
 
 798 
 828 
 785 
 762 
 804 
 818 
 
 784 
 754 
 853 
 874 
 857 
 867 
 
 863 
 855 
 838 
 837 
 840 
 763 
 
 748 
 785 
 812 
 
 ________ 0'938 0-889 0'832 0750 0764 0778 0783 0780 0761 0745 0749 0716 0762 0759 0725 0714 
 706 -718 -910 -881 -876 -907 '828 '814 -722 -765 -773 -756 -750 '754 -787 -787 -770 -761 -750 '722 -748 "759 -749 -890 
 916 -896 -934 -989 '978 '948 '875 '878 -824 -771 '757 '838 -874 -797 -757 '726 -716 '722 -729 '747 '721 '728 '740 '747 
 865 -874 -915 '889 '864 '900 "870 '913 '898 "915 '896 '905 '864 -820 '807 '833 '771 -782 -758 '723 '752 '798 "783 '708 
 708 '731 '722 '777 -875 '897 '886 '897 '861 '809 "805 '797 '828 -747 "714 -692 "688 -723 '697 '694 -722 '730 '731 "863 
 876 -912 '939 -902 '908 '892 '876 -885 '870 "840 '861 '747 -738 -723 '716 -717 '677 '697 -690 '717 -711 -725 '802 '813 
 
 *7QQ -cnft -QQ^i -QA7 >Q.AR -QQ -CQS2 -fift ^ 
 
 ________ -966 -965 -960 '906 '911 '843 '788 '758 -711 -700 "658 "625 '596 '626 '632 '717 
 844 -880 -895 '889 -913 "909 "914 -906 '820 '861 '853 "817 '803 -784 '776 -813 '846 -855 '796 '769 '798 '735 '647 '738 
 847 "889 -864 '896 -901 '885 '901 '920 '901 '922 -875 '801 '740 -743 '671 '668 '655 '638 '669 '638 "652 "684 -687 '801 
 837 '842 -803 '812 -836 '798 '823 '851 '856 '850 "784 '697 '686 -697 '703 "711 -712 '773 '701 '698 '712 '720 '624 '757 
 793 -811 -816 -942 -918 '812 '806 '80S '820 '847 '846 '802 '781 -746 "744 -754 '775 '783 "775 '750 '768 "759 '820 '821 
 806 '843 -894 '879 '867 '886 "848 '842 '767 '781 '777 '764 '819 '873 "891 "882 '820 '791 "765 -782 '771 -749 '771 '771 
 
 -842 -794 -807 '857 '868 -784 -748 -775 -780 -722 730 '685 -698 '666 -693 '679 
 682 -742 '764 -783 -800 777 '824 '820 -719 '712 -737 776 '824 '767 '724 -724 -736 '692 -740 '707 '705 724 "832 788 
 870 '890 -902 '889 '856 '869 '829 '790 '849 '858 -890 '923 '924 -939 '931 -845 "785 -761 729 '762 -734 -776 "976 -905 
 960 '918 '924 '938 -940 '924 -879 '900 770 '827 -867 "884 "922 "917 "947 '950 '905 -846 -778 '748 -749 788 "848 '836 
 840 "878 -897 '906 '900 '913 '918 '918 '901 775 -767 789 "829 "817 "842 -880 '869 -861 -871 '835 '804 "781 '868 '917 
 940 '916 -869 '922 '869 "848 -893 -893 -945 '859 -825 '836 '802 '834 '838 '884 '875 -890 '875 '890 '859 '821 -780 '841 
 
 -------- -857 -881 -881 '862 "877 '836 "876 -899 '854 -826 -760 '813 '834 782 '874 "920 
 931 '920 -924 -932 -946 '950 -929 '922 "828 '825 -814 '772 776 -806 '821 -837 -815 -806 778 '758 '835 '822 '892 -885 
 907 '937 -925 '829 -803 778 "806 -801 '841 '844 '845 '827 '826 '833 '844 -840 -878 '831 -769 '793 -795 -814 -870 '872 
 845 '925 -915 '901 -905 "921 -931 "931 '936 : 942 -952 "973 '847 '789 742 -744 -755 738 -689 "717 -741 -718 "757 '779 
 756 727 -827 '882 -894 -892 '907 '916 '875 "887 "890 '891 '861 "845 "789 '859 -842 -819 '800 "821 '855 -768 776 781 
 799 769 -763 -716 723 730 748 753 755 '804 783 764 758 783 785 749 752 -774 -825 774 776 700 748 781 
 
 Vyo (O/ t L\> /4O /4o 1*24 <OO <D1 
 
 ____-__- -898 '879 -850 '811 747 -698 "809 -713 -692 -673 -690 -709 -700 724 -696 -691 
 781 '876 -918 -943 '924 '879 -881 '911 "899 "884 -873 '796 '728 -709 '683 -696 -718 -700 "702 "591 -615 -680 -721 -732 
 835 -873 -881 '826 -920 '916 '883 '889 -887 -877 -849 '830 "824 -811 '843 -777 707 -716 -730 '727 720 -687 -744 -734 
 
 Means 
 
 0-834 -850 -869 -874 -869 -860 -856 -859 '854 '847 -839 -821 -814 795 -791 789 773 -764 -748 '737 -746 742 770 796 | 0'812 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 257 
 
 HUMIDITY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 AIR 
 
 AND 
 
 TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 
 Gotthitrei) 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noou 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 (i 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily ii m 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. in. 
 4.41 
 
 h. m. 
 5.41 
 
 h. m. 
 C.41 
 
 h. m. 
 7.41 
 
 h. m. 
 8.41 
 
 h. m. 
 9.41 
 
 h. m. li. m. 
 10.41 11.41 
 
 h. m. 
 12.41 
 
 h. m. 
 13.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 14.41 15.41 10.14 17.41 18.41 19.41 -20.11 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 D 
 
 o 
 
 CD 
 
 oo 7 
 
 H 8 
 5 9 
 
 g 10 
 
 11 
 ^ 12 
 
 1 13 
 
 03 14 
 i i , . 
 <J lo 
 
 H 16 
 
 a 17 
 
 H 18 
 fe 19 
 20 
 
 (H 21 
 
 S 22 
 Q 23 
 24 
 {= 25 
 W 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0-45 
 48 
 44 
 40 
 
 63 
 43 
 
 62 
 58 
 54 
 72 
 
 50 
 62 
 . -60 
 68 
 80 
 71 
 
 70 
 69 
 71 
 63 
 63 
 70 
 
 82 
 78 
 69 
 57 
 76 
 
 0-64 
 51 
 45 
 42 
 
 76 
 59 
 70 
 58 
 67 
 76 
 
 63 
 70 
 68 
 72 
 84 
 76 
 
 73 
 
 74 
 77 
 68 
 69 
 
 74 
 
 86 
 84 
 71 
 72 
 79 
 
 0-77 
 M 
 47 
 55 
 
 82 
 68 
 75 
 62 
 73 
 82 
 
 68 
 72 
 71 
 74 
 83 
 79 
 
 78 
 81 
 79 
 74 
 76 
 77 
 
 87 
 85 
 81 
 80 
 85 
 
 0-78 
 58 
 56 
 61 
 
 80 
 80 
 
 78 
 
 70 
 77 
 68 
 
 73 
 74 
 73 
 
 76 
 86 
 
 82 
 
 80 
 82 
 82 
 76 
 
 77 
 78 
 
 92 
 84 
 81 
 80 
 
 87 
 
 080 
 
 64 
 
 so 
 
 75 
 
 85 
 84 
 82 
 75 
 81 
 72 
 
 76 
 76 
 
 75 
 77 
 85 
 84 
 
 82 
 83 
 
 84 
 82 
 77 
 78 
 
 92 
 84 
 
 82 
 82 
 87 
 
 0-82 
 63 
 53 
 
 75 
 
 84 
 82 
 82 
 
 78 
 72 
 74 
 
 76 
 82 
 
 77 
 80 
 88 
 88 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 84 
 79 
 
 78 
 80 
 
 91 
 82 
 83 
 81 
 
 88 
 
 0-84 0-84 
 65 -66 
 
 58 -59 
 
 74 -74 
 
 84 -84 
 80 -79 
 79 77 
 78 -84 
 77 -78 
 82 -84 
 
 78 -84 
 81 '72 
 77 -79 
 82 -80 
 89 '90 
 90 -93 
 
 87 -90 
 86 -87 
 86 -86 
 81 -84 
 78 -82 
 83 -84 
 
 91 -90 
 86 -85 
 83 '82 
 87 '93 
 87 -90 
 
 0-85 
 68 
 59 
 
 0-83 
 66 
 
 57 
 
 0-82 0*82 0-81 0-84 0-80 0'69 0'58 0'54 0'51 0-50 0'48 0'48 0'47 0'49 
 66 -66 -70 -65 '65 -58 '54 -51 -45 '44 -42 -40 -39 '40 
 59 -60 -62 -63 '64 '55 '53 -47 -45 '42 -43 -39 '39 '40 
 
 0-685 
 562 
 
 51C 
 
 609 
 684 
 650 
 657 
 660 
 706 
 
 704 
 697 
 670 
 740 
 819 
 826 
 
 789 
 777 
 753 
 772 
 732 
 733 
 
 810 
 833 
 755 
 
 774 
 798 
 803 
 
 82 
 82 
 80 
 77 
 79 
 76 
 
 83 
 
 76 
 
 79 
 77 
 78 
 77 
 
 84 -76 -69 -67 '65 '66 -54 -51 '48 '45 -41 '41 '41 -53 
 78 -76 -74 -72 -70 -06 -62 -58 '56 '51 '51 "45 '44 -43 
 74 -75 -74 -72 '69 '67 '62 -51 '47 '43 -44 -40 -51 '58 
 78 -83 -83 -3 '76 -59 -52 -49 '44 '40 -37 '34 '47 -54 
 78 -78 -bO -80 -77 -62 -52 -49 -46 '53 '52 "52 "52 '53 
 78 -82 -86 -86 '86 '84 77 -66 -57 -51 -47 -45 '55 '62 
 
 88 
 84 
 74 
 75 
 83 
 90 
 
 88 
 86 
 73 
 73 
 79 
 94 
 
 92 -94 -89 -79 '70 '68 -63 '57 "54 '53 -50 '44 -47 '44 
 90 -87 -87 -88 '85 '79 -68 -64 -52 -50 -48 "49 '46 "42 
 73 -78 -78 -82 -82 '76 '60 -52' -48 -47 '40 '48 "52 "55 
 73 -75 -83 -86 "88 '87 -84 -75 "66 -65 -65 '64 '68 '68 
 83 -85 -85 -88 -92 '90 -91 '89 '83 -81 '84 '84 '82 '78 
 95 -91 -91 -90 -87 "87 -80 -78 -73 '72 -68 '68 '66 '68 
 
 91 
 
 91 
 
 87 
 85 
 84 
 
 84 
 
 84 
 95 
 88 
 87 
 89 
 90 
 
 92 
 92 
 87 
 
 87 
 86 
 86 
 
 84 
 94 
 85 
 90 
 89 
 86 
 
 91 -93 -92 -94 '91 '83 '68 -66 -59 -57 -61 "63 "64 '65 
 90 -92 -93 -94 '83 78 73 -66 '60 '60 '64 '64 '58 '65 
 85 -88 -87 -86 -83 77 -64 -60 -57 -52 -59 -61. '61 '67 
 88 -90 -89 -89 -86 76 -69 -66 -64 -65 -62 '62 '60 '65 
 88 -86 -83 -85 -80 73 -67 '63 '57 '55 -58 '60 62 '62 
 89 -88 -88 -88 '85 76 -63 '59 -53 -56 -58 '62 '62 '63 
 
 84 -83 -82- -86 -86 -85 -84 '84 -91 '84 -81 72 70 '80 
 93 '94 -93 -90 '90 '82 74 '69 '60 '56 '53 '94 76 75 
 87 -88 -91 -86 -82 74 -68 '66 '62 -58 "56 -52 '51 '50 
 90 -87 -87 -87 -87 -85 '81 73 '68 '66 "62 '60 -58 '58 
 91 -92 -91 -93 -91 -87 -84 77 73 70 '67 '63 '62 -65 
 90 -91 -91 -91 -91 -86 77 73 '67 '65 '66 '62 '61 '61 
 
 Means 0-625 
 
 692 
 
 743 
 
 766 
 
 790 
 
 796 
 
 812 -822 
 
 829 
 
 825 
 
 833 -837 --837 '835 -811 754 -682 -634 '587 '567 -558 '561 -563 -58* [0723 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 o 6 
 7 
 
 Z! 8 
 
 m 9 
 P 10 
 
 S 11 
 
 12 
 
 1 13 
 B 14 
 
 P 15 
 
 ^ " 
 
 <J 17 
 
 !> 18 
 fe 19 
 20 
 
 fc 21 
 
 2 22 
 J 23 
 
 ^ 94, 
 
 H ^* 
 
 H 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. 
 0759 
 
 730 
 701 
 675 
 
 817 
 715 
 
 829 
 828 
 793 
 899 
 
 762 
 851 
 829 
 882 
 911 
 868 
 
 895 
 894 
 919 
 888 
 865 
 924 
 
 960 
 985 
 906 
 844 
 945 
 
 In. 
 
 U'819 
 
 726 
 686 
 659 
 
 957 
 
 840 
 878 
 775 
 867 
 906 
 
 821 
 888 
 874 
 872 
 914 
 893 
 
 902 
 910 
 921 
 
 886 
 859 
 918 
 
 952 
 991 
 882 
 911 
 912 
 
 In. 
 
 0'908 
 
 750 
 670 
 753 
 
 922 
 846 
 873 
 771 
 891 
 924 
 
 845 
 870 
 870 
 871 
 886 
 904 
 
 900 
 932 
 915 
 896 
 902 
 917 
 
 944 
 952 
 932 
 922 
 
 912 
 
 In. 
 
 0-887 
 766 
 742 
 795 
 
 826 
 946 
 895 
 832 
 933 
 740 
 
 853 
 877 
 871 
 878 
 881 
 907 
 
 907 
 931 
 926 
 903 
 903 
 905 
 
 959 
 942 
 93(5 
 895 
 933 
 
 In. 
 
 0-920 
 
 794 
 665 
 902 
 
 869 
 966 
 924 
 864 
 942 
 774 
 
 846 
 878 
 877 
 878 
 868 
 906 
 
 913 
 939 
 924 
 949 
 892 
 904 
 
 928 
 906 
 939 
 919 
 938 
 
 In. 
 
 0-925 
 
 767 
 683 
 889 
 
 872 
 938 
 909 
 888 
 86(5 
 811 
 
 819 
 909 
 878 
 922 
 882 
 944 
 
 923 
 939 
 933 
 
 918 
 882 
 921 
 
 914 
 867 
 935 
 923 
 942 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-943 0-931 
 
 787 -784 
 719 -736 
 868 -869 
 
 872 -878 
 913 -892 
 878 -850 
 H81 -940 
 905 -866 
 853 -871 
 
 820 -858 
 899 -783 
 878 -892 
 919 -895 
 899 -902 
 956 -956 
 
 940 -942 
 936 -940 
 934 -939 
 928 -942 
 881 -909 
 930 -931 
 
 900 -878 
 870 -862 
 898 -873 
 860 -860 
 925 -P38 
 
 In. 
 
 0-919 
 
 783 
 729 
 
 # 
 
 In. 
 
 0-899 
 
 758 
 693 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 0-888 0-865 0'852 OW 0'860 0795 0753 0731 0744 0728 0712 0744 0723 0771 
 751 737 769 715 730 '680 -685 '680 -666 "665 -677 '652 '608 '676 
 680 -683 -680 -684 '698 -664 '658 '648 '681 '677 700 '668 '690 '685 
 
 In. 
 0-831 
 725 
 688 
 
 775 
 806 
 801 
 796 
 828 
 839 
 
 810 
 09 
 800 
 862 
 873 
 876 
 
 907 
 911 
 
 892 
 904 
 892 
 887 
 
 924 
 911 
 861 
 864 
 879 
 881. 
 
 889 
 864 
 883 
 850 
 902 
 846 
 
 890 
 799 
 857 
 b36 
 883 
 834 
 
 870 797 744 721 702 769 732 725 725 718 722 717 729 746 
 810 791 762 744 727 731 769 774 771 757 768 748 756 751 ' 
 797 788 774 754 722 741 747 '6>-0 -688 '672 703 714 794 '849 '. 
 820 -840 -822 -821 797 705 -676 -699 -675 '650 -651 -640 779 -811 
 878 -853 -853 '830 -827 760 724 723 738 '807 '816 -830 '833 -831 
 824 -836 -842 -852 -852 -856 '878 '843 773 754 745 709 787 '853 
 
 919 
 
 844 
 801 
 837 
 899 
 890 
 
 913 
 
 850 
 780 
 839 
 856 
 921 
 
 922 -912 '879 787 735 763 749 750 751 772 737 '674 717 '692 
 862 -825 -825 -842 -842 -858 783 798 728 730 736 792 769 '698 
 782 -808 796 -811 -824 -814 716 -678 '688 735 -666 739 794 -803 
 839 -833 -814 -823 -856 -867 -864 '857 '837 -891 '906 '899 '881 -881 i 
 821 787 778 '806 -853 -860 -886 '899 -890 -869 -901 '915 "919 '908. 
 925 -811 795 781 -800 -838 "844 '887 -927 -927 -883 -896 '873 -874! 
 
 951 
 944 
 930 
 919 
 924 
 925 
 
 937 
 953 
 918 
 924 
 937 
 911 
 
 921 -910 -895 -898 -920 -953 -885 -886 -833 '833 '903 -907 '913 '890 
 919 -922 -919 '924 -868 '898 -905 -889 -852 '906 -953 '950 '842 "903 
 903 -911 -904 -877 -862 -848 -806 -823 -831 791 '901 '886 '875 -930 
 911 -907 -890 -885 -902 -885 -863 -883 -867 -866 '880 '897 "875 -927 
 917 -890 -855 '850 -869 '872 -872 -841 -857 -851 -882 '906 "882 -887 
 929 -922 -919 '897 -894 -876 -810 -811 '802 -850 -895 "946 '915 "894 
 
 938 
 931 
 884 
 855 
 845 
 919 
 
 939 
 928 
 851 
 862 
 847 
 810 
 
 923 -898 -876 '905 -939 -918 '924 -902 -921 '937 '975 -930 '929 -963 j 
 904 -899 -885 '870 -895 '894 -897 -924 -873 "863 777 "936 '996 -969 i 
 854 -834 -836 797 '812 -813 -805 -842 -842 -855 -835 799 '810 -812 
 862 -832 -825 '826 "811 "822 -828 -832 -843 '858 -853 -838 "844 -850 
 864 -867 -843 "855 -841 -860 -874 -910 '926 -905 -910 -878 '855 -894 
 834 -840 -815 '810 -837 -855 -863 -885 -S78 -872 '887 '862 -859 '876 
 
 Means 1 0-847 
 
 867 
 
 877 
 
 880 
 
 890 
 
 889 
 
 889 -886 
 
 882 
 
 868 
 
 860 -8t4 -831 -823 -825 -822 -807 '807 -800 -805 '814 -837 '826 -8381 
 
 0-846 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake oi obtaining the daily means. 
 
 65 
 
258 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottingen 
 Wean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 )ai]yant 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 dean Time 
 
 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m, h. in. li. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. li. m. li, m. h. m, h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 0-41 10.41 11.41 12,41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 ,19.41 20.41 21.41 22.^1 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 8 5 
 2 6 
 
 I 
 
 H 8 
 9 
 
 1 10 
 
 H 11 
 
 O- 1 12 
 
 K 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 GO lo 
 1 14 
 
 rt 15 
 
 3 16 
 
 W 18 
 ^ 19 
 fe 20 
 21 
 
 fcn 22 
 Q 23 
 
 a 24 
 
 | 25 
 5 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 * * 
 
 O-^Q H.QQ n-ofl A.QQ H-QA n-oi n-oi n-Qi j 
 
 0784 
 725 
 739 
 744 
 770 
 803 
 
 776 
 758 
 749 
 748 
 813 
 734 
 
 799 
 787 
 787 
 775 
 766 
 732 
 
 762 
 843 
 870 
 840 
 854 
 789 
 
 816 
 
 0-92 0-91 0-91 0-84 081 079 0-78 0'78 077 0-73 0'67 0'68 0'64 0'61 0'62 0'61 
 66 -73 -76 -75 -83 -85 -88 -86 -86 -83 '83 -80 -79 -80 '80 -76 -70 -62 -58 -57 -56 -54 -53 -52 
 58 -65 -74 -85 -88 -89 -91 '91 -91 -90 -91 -91 '87 -84 -78 -68 -64 -60 -55 -53 -52 -50 '55 -64 
 72 -75 -75 -77 -82 -80 -80 '88 "89 -86 -87 -88 '89 -84 -79 -76 -71 -64 -57 '56 '54 '54 -55 '67 
 73 -77 -77 -78 -79 -87 -91 -92 '90 -88 "88 "85 -86 -86 -85 -78 -74 -66 -(.0 '55 -51 "66 '68 '67 
 68 -77 -82 -82 -84 -87 -90 -92 -90 -91 '88 -92 '84 -86 -84 "86 -82 -80 71 '69 '63 "63 "66 71 
 
 7E; .78 -7Q -en -8A -Rfi -8/i -Rfi 
 
 ______ -88-88 -83 -87 -85 -87 -81 -83 -76 76 -64 -62 '59 -61 -63 '68 
 72 -77 -84 -82 -84 -85 -86 -92 "87 -87 '90 -92 -91 -92 '86 -77 -67 -59 -54 -50 -52 -57 -53 -64 
 71 76 79 -fcl -83 -82 -83 -84 -84 -fc6 -90 -90 '89 '88 '84 74 -61 -56 -50 '49 -61 -58 '72 -67 
 71 74 -72 -73 -80 79 -80 -80 78 78 -81 -86 -84 -84 -85 -84 -77 71 '62 -56 -55 -56 -62 -88 
 87 -91 -91 -92 -95 -91 "93 -90 "94 -91 -90 -90 -90 -88 '87 -85 -76 -68 -68 "64 -62 -58 -55 -56 
 57 -73 78 -83 -83 -85 -87 -89 '93 -91 '90 '87 -87 -80 76 72 -66 -64 -60 "56 -52 -52 '52 -49 
 '53 '67 '77 '83 78 fc '86 "87 
 
 -91-91 -94 -96 -97 -94 -89 -85 -87 '83 75 '69 -66 -61 '62 -65 
 72 -76 -86 -88 -90 -90 -96 -89 -85 -86 '86 '91 -89 -83 -79 78 -74 72 70 "65 -64 -63 -57 -59 
 69 -81 -78 -80 -84 -92 -91 -93 '94 -91 '86 '88 '85 -87 '85 -80 -77 73 '68 -66 '63 '59 -58 -60 
 68 -78 -80 -83 -84 -84 -88 '94 '92 -92 "91 -92 -93 -91 '86 -77 -71 "66 -60 '57 -53 -51 -65 -65 
 64 -75 -83 -84 -84 -83 -86 -87 '89 -91 "88 '90 -92 -91 '92 78 '67 '66 -56 '54 '51 '64 -61 -62 
 68 -75 -79 -77 '80 -85 -84 -85 -88 '88 '86 -87 '87 -87 -85 -78 '68 -61 '53 '51 -52 -49 -iO -54 
 
 ecQ -R7 -AQ -7R -83 -83 -8A, -88 
 
 -90-87 -87 '86 -85 -87 -85 -80 -77 -65 '66 '64 '64 '63 '60 -74 
 81 -85 -88 -88 -91 "94 -93 -93 '94 -96 -96 '89 '91 -91 '90 -83 -77 -73 '73 '66 -65 -74 -75 78 
 81 -83 -86 -88 -90 -91 -90 -90 '90 -91 -91 '92 -92 -92 -96 -91 -92 '87 '82 78 -76 -78 -79 -81 
 86 ^86 -91 -83 '88 -91 -94 -94 -95 -93 -91 -91 '91 -88 -90 -85 '80 78 74 70 -68 -64 -71 -75 
 88 -90 -93 -92 -95 -96 -96 "96 -90 -92 '93 94 '95 -95 "93 -85 '79 -73 '67 '66 '67 '64 77 74 
 75 -80 -84 -84 "84 -86 '87 '90 '90 -88 "90 '89 -91 -92 -92 -83 "71 -66 -60 '66 '55 -54 '64 72 
 
 71 -7Q -an '89 -QA -88 -87 -88 
 
 '90 -92 -84 -91 -86 -90 '94 -84 '82 '74 -69 -65 '58 '58 -96 -86 
 
 Means 0707 -776 -811 '824 '850 -869 -882 -894 -896 -891 -886 '891 -882 -874 -856 -802 -745 -694 -640 -613 -593 -597 -636 -672 1 0'783 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 i i 
 
 tf 7 
 W c 
 
 1 ! 
 
 w 10 
 
 11 
 
 W 12 
 f> 13 
 1 14 
 03 -ic 
 
 ie 
 
 * K 
 
 t> ^ 
 
 2C 
 
 sz 21 
 
 2 2 
 
 i i . 
 
 03 ^ 
 
 24 
 g 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In In. In. lu. In. In. 
 
 0'853 0'957 Q'962 0'905 fl'930 0'850 0'845 0'849 
 
 In. 
 
 0-862 
 816 
 828 
 848 
 882 
 909 
 
 891 
 882 
 893 
 849 
 829 
 828 
 
 868 
 848 
 854 
 852 
 870 
 825 
 
 863 
 941 
 
 893 
 869 
 900 
 881 
 
 926 
 
 D'986 0'974 0-963 0'870 0'819 O'SOO 0783 0796 0'821 0'837 0'817 0'831 0'821 0'803 0'814 0'808 
 
 850 -877 -882 -855 -861 '875 '882 '863 '843 -820 -814 -783 '777 -777 -779 '814 -800 -783 '766 -795 -788 '757 '779 -761 
 805 -837 -880 '853 '882 -915 '946 -926 "914 -890 '878 -864 -830 -803 -769 735 -736 '763 735 758 739 770 783 '861 
 878 -885 -883 -886 -926 '903 "897 -930 -923 "893 -881 -882 -877 '844 -&01 "791 "788 '783 '741 '755 -767 777 '795 '856 
 889 -901 "878 -881 '875 -933 '951 -953 -938 "913 -895 -865 -851 -851 -831 '872 -882 '869 '837 '832 -797 -886 -907 '880 
 876 -941 -950 '944 '964 -971 '973 -991 "963 -951 '917 -953 -870 -876 -847 '864 '840 '859 '853 '869 -865 '875 '891 -906 
 QIO -onn -SQ^ -8Q7 -QOO -090 -QO9 'Q^tfl 
 
 924 -911 -799 -849 -825 -836 -811 '899 "882 -921 "887 '882 -891 '916 '947 1)41 
 949 -942 -959 -921 -931 -9fi6 '962 '991 '909-892 -882 -&78 -866 -861 -851 '852 '815 798 753 751 796 '886 '842 '906 
 951 -936 -929 -935 -956 '934 '951 '951 "937 '948 -972 -941 -914 -887 "900 '875 786 778 746 775 -854 -840 '869 "879 
 879 -864 -840 -837 '865 '851 '859 '859 '829 -823 -835 -850 '835 -821 -830 '867 '878 '880 '853 '823 '854 '824 '848 '868 
 869 -861 -865 -874 '838 '811 '801 761 '813 -816 '807 -807 -801 785 798 '853 '850 -814 '845 '837 '853 '858 '829 '855 
 813 '853 -862 -896 '899 '916 '933 '927 '926 -914 -887 -868 -847 769 745 751 736 763 762 741 758 764 774 768 
 
 8OJ, -K77 -R8J. .Q9Q -ft -QT '^ 'Q'^O '03^ 
 
 877 -872 '887 -905 -895 -870 "852 -819 '830 -840 '832 '839 '870 '814 -826 '860 
 911 -919 -970 -964 -979 -981 '906 '825 '803 '817 '802 '836 -820 787 770 784 785 783 '803 784 -827 '853 '834 '812 
 910 -948 -904 -901 '920 '893 '886 '896 '866 -852 '812 '834 -814 -825 '822 '803 '827 '859 "835 -839 -845 787 '810 '808 
 857 -902 -886 -898 '884 '870 '911 "928 '900 '893 '877 '874 -864 -866 '841 '821 '814 785 762 754 756 758 '865 '887 
 868 -918 -946 -945 '931 '898 "905 '889 '885 '891 '864 -862 -868 -866 -894 '839 787 "833 '771 761 759 "923 '874 '898 
 888 -926 -853 -819 '842 '875 '870 '868 '882 '884 "848 '826 -808 '805 '842 '837 "820 782 729 727 776 750 772 762 
 806 -845 P'ifi -Q02 -QS6 -Q2Q '931 -948 - 
 
 882 -860 -853 -841 '827 -829 '847 '861 '872 792 "837 '828 -832 -842 -837 -910 
 951 -972 -979 -967 -986 i 005 rooi -987 '989 -995 '991 -906 -896 -896 -902 '892 "896 -918 '899 '876 '855 -935 -941 '960 
 948 -964 -962 -967 -973 0-976 0'95 '947 780 795 '811 '817 -817 -825 -864 -865 '905 -880 '883 '897 '877 '888 -915 '922 
 929 -936 -945 -808 -834 '854 -873 -873 -875 '869 -809 -803 -810 -807 '851 "875 "890 '902 '897 '909 -907 -895 -867 '834 
 948 -911 -928 -924 -931 '948 '934 -929 -862 '853 '856 -858 '868 -871 '881 "912 "887 -870 "867 -874 -905 "901 -967 -926 
 90S -916 -924 -906 -908 -924 -909 -935 "935 -889 '887 '866 "872 -875 -901 '898 "829 -814 766 -886 764 797 "884 -950 
 ftQl -Q90 'Ql^ -091 -Q^fi Q7 C ! -QW -P48 
 
 -947 -953 -865 "903 -852 -888 -942 -915 '918 -930 "938 -932 -896 "928 "911 i'04i 
 
 Means 0886 -908 -909 -901 '910 -915 '916 -913 -896 "887 "868 -862 -845 -837 -838 -844 -835 -833 -817 '822 '826 -841 -855 -874 { 0'868 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 259 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottingen 
 Meau Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 ]0 11 12 13 14 15 1(> 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Dailynnd 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h in h m h.m. h. m. li.m. li.m. li. m. li. m. li. m. li. m. h. m. h. m.* h. m. Ii. m. h. m. h. m. h. in. h.m. h m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.11 K.-ll H.41 X>.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 11.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 10.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 2S.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 03 g 
 9 
 
 1 1? 
 
 12 
 
 2 i! 
 
 < 15 
 W 16 
 
 * ll 
 
 fe IQ 
 
 Si 
 
 M 00 
 
 Q Sq 
 
 M 23 
 
 g. 24 
 
 w 25 
 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 0-83 0-88 0-87 0-88 0'88 0'92 0'90 0'91 0'94 0*93 0'90 0*91 0'89 0'87 0-85 077 075 071 69 0'65 0'67 0-73 075 077 
 80 -86 -84 -86 -88 -88 '87 -88 -91 -92 '93 -92 -94 -95 -y2 '84 -81 '77 -73 -67 -69 -75 -73 -78 
 81 -86 -84 -84 -90 -92 -92 -93 -92 -96 '96 -96 -96 -89 -85 '78 "77 -69 -65 -68 '70 -69 '72 -72 
 77 -82 -84 -87 -86 -91 -88 '90 -90 -91 '94 -95 -96 -95 '94 -86 '74 '71 "69 -70 -70 '68 -68 '69 
 75 -77 -78 -80 -78 -80 -80 -82 '87 -90 "91 "95 '94 -93 -89 -83 '78 '71 "65 -65 -66 -68 "70 '75 
 
 7 -7G -7O .7Q -QC\ -Q^ -W^ -fiji 
 
 0-827 
 839 
 830 
 827 
 796 
 
 807 
 835 
 799 
 789 
 834 
 810 
 
 856 
 875 
 881 
 882 
 887 
 920 
 
 958 
 931 
 903 
 877 
 865 
 854 
 
 824 
 836 
 832 
 747 
 
 -------- -91-89 -89 -90 -91 -88 '88 -82 -80 '72 -63 -66 '74 -68 -71 -88 
 78 -84 -90 -88 '86 -91 -91 -89 -94 -96 -94 -94 -96 -92 -91 -87 '78 -77 "74 -67 '60 -71 '67 -68 
 7(5 -78 -80 -79 -80 '82 -84 -90 -91 -90 -93 -94 -93 -93 -90 -82 -76 -70 '68 -68 "64 -64 -67 "66 
 69 -71 -74 -78 '78 -87 -88 -87 -87 -87 -90 -89 -79 -90 '87 -80 '76 -73 "69 -71 '72 -71 -70 '71 
 72 -77 -78 -82 '86 -91 -91 -91 -95 -93 -95 -95 -93 -94 -92 '87 -83 "73 '75 -73 -73 -71 '70 -71 
 74 -75 -79 '82 '84 '86 -70 -90 -86 -88 -93 -98 -98 -95 -89 '89 -77 -72 '73 -66 -70 -67 '72 -72 
 
 7Q -7Q -fiQ -QA. -Qfi -ft 7 -ftO -Q1 
 
 89 -93 "95 -97 -95 -94 -93 -86 -84 -80 74 '78 -89 79 -81 -77 
 82 -86 -81 -84 -86 -87 -91 -91 -90 -97 '96 -98 -99 -98 "93 -90 -87 -89 '82 -79 '77 -77 -79 "81 
 80 -85 -88 -89 "94 -95 -94 -96 -97 -95 '95 I'OO -98 -97 -1)2 '90 -83 -83 "75 -77 -79 -73 -76 -84 
 79 -90 -90 -92 '92 -i4 -95 '94 -95 -97 '94 0-96 -98 "97 '92 -91 -86 -81 '75 "82 "76 -81 '76 -75 
 77 -81 '86 -86 -88 -92 -94 -98 -95 -98 -99 -98 -99 -98 "98 "96 -95 -92 '79 "77 '75 -78 "73 -78 
 82 -89 -88 -89 -91 -93 -92 -91 -93 -93 -95 -96 -96 -98 -98 "97 -95 -94 "91 "89 '95 '87 "86 '89 
 
 ________ -98-95 -95 -95 -96 -97 '96 -96 -93 -96 -97 -96 -96 -98 -97 '97 
 97 96 -96 -96 -94 -98 -97 -96 -97 -96 -98 -97 -97 -98 "96 -94 -90 -87 -87 -84 '86 -85 -85 -87 
 85 -89 "89 -90 -90 -98 -96 -96 -96 '96 '99 '96 -96 -97 -96 -92 -90 "87 -86 -83 -79 -80 "80 "82 
 84 -85 -88 -91 '92 -93 -92 -93 -97 -95 -96 -96 -97 -97 -94 -86 '86 '85 -80 -79 "73 -73 -75 -77 
 83 -84 -84 -87 '92 -95 -96 -95 -96 -96 "94 -95 -95 -98 -98 -90 -86 '80 -79 -77 -72 -67 "67 "70 
 79 -83 -84 -84 -88 -92 -94 -94 -96 -98 "98 '97 -98 -97 -93 -88 -80 -79 "74 -71 -67 -68 "72 -75 
 | 7 | 7 -en -an &> -QI .on -an -01 
 
 95 -94 -95 -89 -91 '93 '91 -87 -82 -75 -70 -65 -63 -64 -70 -73 
 73 -77 -82 -85 "86 -86 -89 -92 -95 -94 -95 -95 -94 -96 -94 -86 -78 -75 "70 -68 '71 '72 -75 '78 
 80 -86 -86 -87 '88 '90 -92 -95 '96 -98 '96 -98 -97 '97 "95 -90 "84 -78 "69 -64 -56 -58 "62 "54 
 56 -62 -71 -75 -83 -87 '91 -92 -93 -93 -93 -90 -94 "91 '87 "78 '69 '59 -62 '58 '53 -53 -57 '46 
 
 Means | 0786 -826 -840 -856 -873 -903 -902 -917 -932 -938 -945 -949 '948 -946 "921 -871 -823 -784 -746 -731 -727 -725 -736 -752 1 0'849 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 o 5 
 
 $ 6 
 
 7 
 03 8 
 W 9 
 
 10 
 
 o n 
 12 
 
 i 13 
 
 03 14 
 P 15 
 
 2 16 
 
 3 17 
 > 18 
 P* 19 
 20 
 * 21 
 22 
 23 
 
 ^ 'M 
 rv> ** 
 
 !H 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 0-995 1'00'J 0-971 0'975 9'969 0'978 0'95C 0'951 0'958 0'950 0'91G 0'902 0'87-i 0'832 0'842 0'856 0'901 0'919 0'927 0'92'j 0'960 0'994 0'995 0'974 
 
 972 0-987 '962 -968 -975 -942 -909 -911 -920 -928 '950 -955 -967 -956 '955 -956 -951 -978 '989 '943 '971 1'057 1'002 roi3 
 1-003 -9feO -964 -964 -987 '984 -984 -981 -961 -970 '964 -948 -960 -841 '850 '853 -878 '874 '884 "933 '961 '952 0-953 0-943 
 0-953 -954 -962 -971 -957 -945 -944 -954 -931 -921 -912 -925 '904 -902 -939 -962 -897 -895 '928 '941 '921 '892 '889 '872 
 
 903 -891 -882 '889 -865 -866 -861 -867 -880 '887 '871 -897 -901 -885 -908 -899 '897 -856 '820 '891 '917 -913 '927 "937 
 .903 -qj5 -gq-7 -ggg .gQj -gjg ggg .g7Q 
 
 In. 
 0-939 
 963 
 940 
 
 928 
 888 
 
 893 
 870 
 840 
 865 
 852 
 867 
 
 899 
 908 
 916 
 890 
 
 872 
 852 
 
 822 
 804 
 890 
 885 
 887 
 871 
 
 830 
 872 
 842 
 689 
 
 -892 -864 -849 -862 '879 -856 '869 '870 "943 -919 "884 -937 '929 -909 -891 "893 
 881 -939 -945 -918 "896 '896 '891 -867 -899 "904 '873 "858 "847 -824 '809 '832 "877 -880 "875 '852 '787 "856 '834 "836 
 888 -855 -860 '834 '836 -839 -850 -863 -848 '835 "842 -822 "801 -801 '827 "837 "840 -834 '845 '868 '834 '833 '845 "835 
 822 -798 '809 '832 '830 "880 -869 -861 -860 '860 '876 '872 "793 "835 '868 '889 "899 '895 "896 '919 '905 -920 '888 '878 
 870 -872 -878 "891 '899 "872 -872 "850 -863 -835 '847 "841 '827 -818 '831 "844 "868 "810 '865 '837 -865 '853 "819 "820 
 831 -811 "840 -860 "876 '879 -836 '887 -851 -884 "920 "909 -909 'b97 -872 "915 '862 '846 '895 "813 "853 "839 '862 "863 
 R r i<) t ! c i7 -8Q8 -QOO -914 -910 -008 -Q06 - 
 
 859 -864 "875 -872 "875 -873 -903 "905 "924 "943 "897 "921 "894 '911 '988 '909 
 923 -940 -875 "890 "897 '886 '915 "891 '873 '901 "885 -904 '919 -906 -909 '919 "903 "930 "925 '923 '918 "944 '892 "927 
 924 -924 -931 "926 "949 -962 -945 -933 -892 '875 '875 -916 '910 -902 '895 "916 '922 '934 '914 -931 "887 '889 '904 '939 
 855 -87<j '856 "858 '858 "873 "875 -867 -868 "872 "850 -865 '875 '878 '862 '864 "884 -911 '924 -960 "947 '992 '969 '928 
 890 -902 "918 "911 "918 '929 '946 -935 -875 '903 '905 -866 '870 -861 "850 "800 "807 '825 "776 -808 '845 "887 "845 "854 
 857 '879 -864 '864 '861 '869 -857 '836 -845 '841 '846 '855 -863 -853 -864 '862 "847 '853 '844 '811 "846 '82C "849 "855 
 870 -%7 '869 '866 '834 '8-19 '57 '820 
 
 797 -800 -803 "793 -800 "812 -809 -821 "836 "855 "818 "817 -801 -780 '777 "781 
 766 '770 "747 -757 -750 -754 744 749 763 760 771 792 782 775 766 785 '813 '835 "861 "878 '906 -934 -916 '928 
 888 -886 "886 "887 -869 -909 '885 -883 -876 "883 "884 -855 -855 -857 "877 -fc67 "901 -909 '929 -929 -911 '925 '921 '895 
 883 -880 -888 '914 '899 -903 '893 -882 -890 "875 "877 -877 -872 -S-64 '864 -856 "890 "918 '909 '911 -885 "863 "885 "870 
 893 -883 '878 '886 '899 -925 -918 '896 -889 "882 "873 '875 -875 -898 "909 '910 "914 -889 -923 '908 '874 -833 -829 '819 
 859 -868 -870 -875 "882 -893 -886 "873 -883 "894 -889 -873 '872 "856 '859 "889 '874 "887 "853 "851 '829 "833 "873 "891 
 861 '873 '867 '851 '875 '862 '856 -866 
 
 - -820 792 777 719 734 757 768 "855 "865 -854 "834 -828 -806 -833 "878 "890 
 851 -839 -854 "857 -857 -851 '861 -862 -853 '851 '875 '875 -867 '862 -878 '891 "854 -865 -875 '883 -930 -911 '911 "906 
 901 -917 -908 -903 '901 -888 '877 '875 -855 '852 -829 -839 -844 -850 "853 -881 '889 -868 -822 775 707 737 762 '667 
 625 -665 -692 706 729 749 759 762 740 740 727 708 719 705 -697 -692 -675 -635 "690 -675 -635 '640 '650 '522 
 
 Means 1 0-879 -883 '880 -883 -884 "889 '883 "878 -868 "868 "865 -862 '859 '850 "857 "868 '874 -875 "874 "877 '871 '880 '880 -868 1 0'873 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily meaus. 
 
260 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE A1E AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 345 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 
 
 h. m. b. m. h. m. b. m. b. m, h. m. b. m. h. m. li. m. h. m. b. in. b, ID. b. m. b, m. 1). ni. b.rn. h. m. h. m. b m. b. m. h. rr. h m. b m h m 
 4.41 5.41 C.41 7.41 8.41 0.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.il 1C.,1 17.41 1S41 10.41 20.-J1 21.41 22.J1 2X4] Ivll 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 Monthly 
 Menus 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 0-48 0-52 0-55 0'58 070 077 0'81 0'84 076 077 0'88 0*88 0'81 0'86 0'86 0'80 0-63 0-59 0'55 0'48 0'40 0'45 0'38 0-50 
 54 -60 -61 -68 -74 "77 -87 -87 -89 -90 -95 -93 -90 '91 -87 -81 -73 -69 -69 '60 -58 "58 -59 -59 
 57 -64' '68 '71 '75 '79 '85 '90 
 
 0660 
 745 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1 5 
 
 tf 8 
 W 9 
 
 CQ 
 
 10 
 
 -90-85 -83 -83 '82 -82 -75 -63 -65 -62 -67 -63 -62 -61 -57 -58 
 60 -62 -66 -73 -75 -79 -78 -83 -88 -91 -91 -87 -85 "84 -82 -76 -68 -63 -65 -63 -59 -60 -54 -52 
 57 -57 '60 -81 '83 -80 -78 -85 -81 '82 -81 -82 '84 -87 -81 -71 -66 -50 -46 -45 -40 -40 -41 -46 
 54 -57 '66 -73 -78 '74 -77 -80 '82 -83 '82 -81 '82 '80 "74 -62 -67 -57 -48 '45 -48 -38 -40 -38 
 43 -54 '74 -78 -78 -83 -88 -88 -90 -90 -87 '87 -86 '88 -86 -75 -67 -57 -53 '46 -46 -45 -45 -42 
 47 -57 -71 -74 -79 -83 -84 -85 -86 -86 -86 -93 '90 -90 -84 '71 -62 -50 -48 -45 -45 -46 -54 -62 
 70 '7 - 76 - 79 -c !l '79 79 '8 
 
 720 
 727 
 668 
 652 
 698 
 699 
 
 3 
 H 11 
 t> 12 
 
 i 13 
 
 | 14 
 
 d is 
 
 3 is 
 
 17 
 
 -70-76 -84 -87 -89 -89 -87 -81 -72 -71 -57 -53 -54 -56 -57 -59 
 62 -68 "74 -74 -75 -73 -71 -74 -78 -82 -85 -82 -82 -82 -77 '75 -74 -72 -68 -64 -61 -64 -66 -67 
 72 '76 77 -79 -80 -95 -94 -96 -92 -89 -88 -91 -93 -90 -87 '87 -82 '76 -71 -70 -67 -67 -67 -71 
 71 -76 -75 -75 -75 -82 -86 -89 -92 -91 '91 '91 -91 '89 -84 '85 -83 -70 '53 ' -51 -49 -44 -44 -52 
 60 '68 "72 -83 -82 -85 -91 -89 -82 '81 '80 '83 -85 '81 -75 "71 -67 '65 -47 -42 -38 -39 -41 -48 
 69 79 -78 -80 -83 -79 -76 -77 -78 -81 -80 -82 -83 -87 -85 -73 -65 -56 -49 -38 -37 -45 -41 -41 
 19 '69 '78 '86 - 86 - 86 -78 -8 
 
 733 
 729 
 815 
 745 
 690 
 684 
 
 1ft 
 
 td 18 
 
 EH 19 
 fe 20 
 21 
 in 22 
 EH 23 
 P 24 
 B 25 
 g 26 
 H 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 -92-93 -93 -90 -91 -90 -88 -80 -70 -64 -60 -58 -48 -55 -63 -63 
 67 -72 -78 -77 -75 '75 -84 -93 -93 -93 -93 -95 -95 -93 -91 -85 -81 "72 -63 -61 -62 -61 -59 -63 
 67 '78 -76 -81 -83 '85 -89 -96 -93 -94 -95 '93 -92 '94 -94 -87 -82 -75 -74 -70 -70 -70 -67 -66 
 75 -76 '77 -78 -79 -80 -81 -84 -85 -90 -93 -95 -98 -97 -91 -85 -81 -79 -72 -69 -67 -64 -70 -73 
 74 -78 -81 -83 -81 '87 -98 -92 '95 -91 -89 -90 -91 -92 -92 -88 -77 -77 -73 -72 -80 -80 -87 -83 
 84 -81 -81 -83 -83 '82 '85 -83 -89 -91 -91 -94 -95 -96 -93 -89 -78 -73 -70 -70 -70 -71 -71 -74 
 75 -80 -81 -80 -83 '83 -85 -90 
 -79 -90 -92 -91 -91 -93 '90 -85 -80 -72 '64 -61 -61 -60 -62 -63 
 63 -68 '67 -67 -68 -66 -68 -71 -73 -73 -74 -72 -85 -83 -84 -82 -75 -62 -59 -59 -61 -61 -63 -63 
 67 -68 -68 -67 -72 '69 -68 -70 '75 -73 -72 '71 -73 -75 -75 '68 -66 '63 -63 '61 -62 -64 -66 -65 
 66 -66 -69 -69 '69 '73 -73 -73 74 -74 -72 '78 -85 -91 -91 -78 -67 -67 -66 -66 -65 -67 -69 -70 
 71 -72 -72 -72 -73 '74 -75 -77 '87 -89 '91 '92 '94 -97 -94 '86 -87 -83 '82 -78 '84 -85 -82 -93 
 94 -96 -96 -95 -93 '87 '90 -85 -90 '89 -89 '92 '93 -94 -93 "92 -82 -78 '73 '72 -79 -73 -76 -77 
 
 755 
 
 784 
 821 
 808 
 846 
 
 824 
 
 788 
 695 
 684 
 724 
 829 
 866 
 
 Means 
 
 0-645 -695 -730 -763 -782 '797 -819 -840 '846 -855 -863 '870 '879 -885 -856 -791 -731 '670 -621 -588 "582 -584 -592 -615 
 
 0746 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 Q 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 0-516 0-519 0-530 0-541 0'579 0'60G 0-613 0'61/ 595 0'B88 0'628 0'618 0'571 0'596 0'6'29 0'652 0'566 0'591 0-589 0'549 0-467 0'524 0'442 0'55S 
 
 573 -594 -598 '617 -638 '650 -699 -701 '696 -707 -728 '711 -691 "694 -701 '724 -712 -715 -768 -684 .658 -656 -651 -648 
 611 "631 -641 '651 '661 -679 '696 -704 
 
 In. 
 0-.70 
 676 
 
 o 4 
 
 3 6 
 
 tf 7 
 
 8 
 3 9 
 
 P 10 
 o 11 
 
 fe 12 
 1 13 
 
 S 14 
 
 g 15 
 
 PH 16 
 <1 17 
 
 -704 -670 -649 -633 -615 -621 -585 '546 -628 -645 -737 '713 -691 "693 -645 -628 
 621 -620 -645 -707 "712 '727 '695 -714 -727 '737 '725 -700 -674 -663 -660 '650 -670 '673 -701 -678 '651 -637 -568 -532 
 560 -546 -554 -678 -693 '668 -653 '688 -651 -647 '641 '042 "650 -670 "627 '609 -626 -509 -496 -500 "443 -462 -469 "501 
 548 -560 -612 -641 -660 -612 -624 -645 -642 '646 '620 '612 -600 -581 '564 '532 -613 '566 "506 '479 '528 -428 -448 -427 
 461 -519 -626 '635 -635 '656 "677 -669 -664 -664 '634 -639 -596 -607 "617 '614 '641 -602 '601 '538 '541 -543 -545 '494 
 523 -578 -613 '616 '639 "659 '661 -669 -676 -655 '631 '650 '627 -590 -585 "574 -578 -538 '560 "530 "529 -553 -622 -686 
 742 -727 '736 '751 '754 -727 '702 '711 - 
 661 -669 -691 -706 "712 -712 '700 "732 '726 "771 -648 '610 '627 -647 -649 -639 
 643 -668 -711 "706 '705 '670 '655 '672 -699 -699 -694 -671 "667 -661 "651 '682 '733 "755 -745 '729 '697 '747 '750 -734 
 756 -772 '776 '787 '795 '847 '830 -827 "846 -819 'SOI -824 -816 -780 -773 '803 '823 '794 -786 '785 '747 "764 -745 -747 
 722 -728 -715 '715 '715 '758 '768 '769 -787 -766 -762 '759 -754 '728 '716 '740 '759 '677 -524 '521 '517 -471 -453 -526 
 567 -601 -618 -659 '652 -651 '671 '637 -601 -570 '558 '565 '562 -542 '517 '528 '558 '587 '481 '447 "410 '419 -441 -494 
 624 -647 -598 '591 '598 '570 "545 '525 '524 -528 '522 -526 '530 -521 "536 '504 '507 '507 '550 '421 -415 '505 -468 '470 
 
 UC] 'R9A. -fi^A. -R7Q -P.A.A. -f!Q9 -^7^ ' r i79 * 
 
 653 
 670 
 591 
 571 
 601 
 606 
 
 698 
 698 
 793 
 681 
 556 
 530 
 
 ^ 18 
 
 ' 1/ 
 J5 
 
 21 
 
 2 22 
 23 
 
 r$ 94 
 
 -691 -672 -666 '642 -643 '642 '655 "652 '649 '643 '656 '666 "590 -683 '745 '726 
 722 -745 -768 -738 -711 "671 "704 "757 "747 -740 "736 -746 -733 '705 710 743 785 753 700 713 764 747 701 712 
 737 772 738 780 786 795 -804 -810 765 750 746 740 733 744 763 771 '802 762 '805 775 -816 794 747 704 
 769 756 743 750 754 766 775 790 756 787 772 784 -802 776 759 792 "814 '833 '806 -842 776 754 777 787 
 778 797 -817 -819 787 '800 "804 '804 -833 782 769 779 782 797 -825 '848 "827 '823 "808 "822 -808 -853 '817 '810 
 820 -806 785 786 786 758 778 760 771 767 760 769 778 774 778 '825 795 753 739 762 790 788 772 783 
 I-7a^ '7Q7 .arM .70/1 -ana -70,4, '70^ 'Soa 
 
 647 
 731 
 
 768 
 780 
 808 
 778 
 
 W " 
 
 ^ 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 2 
 3C 
 
 707 732 728 717 712' 718 724 745 747 717 -680 "652 -G62 '652 -652 -652 
 634 -654 '637 -633 "631 '615 "620 '655 '673 -663 '665 -640 "693 '676 '681 '685 "691 -650 '634 -641 -656 -664 -675 -654 
 692 -672 -668 '662 -693 '666 '644 -658 "696 -674 "663 -655 '673 '691 703 '667 "674 -684 70 "668 -669 "694 '689 -678 
 669 -653 '656 -6*7 -651 -682 '682 -674 '668 -660 '639 -676 '689 708 710 704 -665 '686 704 704 701 707 720 722 
 712 707 704 706 704 714 716 720 754 756 754 775 789 797 771 722 767 792 785 792 -830 '834 -836 -836 
 823 -814 -814 -804 -810 724 757 758 775 767 796 785 788 791 793 '812 784 783 761 752 769 788 796 767 
 
 732 
 655 
 
 677 
 683 
 761 
 
 784 
 
 Moans 
 
 | 0-659 -673 -633 -696 700 -696 -698 704 704 -697 -691 -691 -688 -684 -682 -687 -698 -685 -672 -653 -644 -654 -647 '651 
 
 0-681 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily rneaus. 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 261 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottinpon 
 Menu Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Oailyanc 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h.m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. L. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. li. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.m. 
 1.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12,41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.J1 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 i ! 
 
 00 
 
 -< 6 
 P3 7 
 W 8 
 1 ' 
 W 10 
 O n 
 H *i 
 
 5 12 
 
 1 13 
 
 2 14 
 
 <J 15 
 
 W W 
 W 17 
 EH 18 
 fe 19 
 20 
 tn 21 
 S 22 
 Q 23 
 24 
 & 25 
 W 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 * * 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 
 '75 '76 '77 '75 '79 '78 '80 '78 
 
 In. 
 
 0775 
 728 
 730 
 770 
 828 
 796 
 
 758 
 702 
 745 
 708 
 744 
 787 
 
 676 
 690 
 702 
 721 
 794 
 773 
 
 766 
 819 
 823 
 735 
 737 
 720 
 
 725 
 732 
 
 -------- -93-91 -91 -90 -86 '87 '86 -80 -75 "73 -65 -65 -65 -64 -64 -66 
 69 -69 -72 -70 -67 -71 -74 -78 -81 -79 -77 '88 '86 '90 -88 "86 "69 '63 -63 -61 -60 -60 -62 -64 
 70 -74 -71 -72 -75 -74 -73 '78 '80 '83 '87 -86 -87 '86 -85 '82 '72 -62 -61 "60 '58 '59 -58 '58 
 61 -65 -75 -75 -77 '82 -83 -86 -87 "85 -86 -87 '88 '89 -86 -78 '78 74 '71 -67 "65 -63 -68 '73 
 85 -79 '80 -84 '84 -90 -92 '92 -95 -94 -93 -83 '82 '80 -78 '76 76 '74 -84 -78 '77 -78 76 -77 
 75 76 76 -80 "80 -86 -91 '91 '92 -87 '86 -87 '86 -83 79 '81 75 '75 -73 -71 '69 71 -70 71 
 7 - 75 '88 '8 '81 77 78 -88 
 
 - - - - ----- -79 78 -79 -81 -79 '80 77 74 71 '71 '69 -68 "65 -67 -69 70 
 72 -74 -74 -74 -76 76 77 75 71 76 -86 -83 -85 70 71 70 '62 -59 '57 -60 '62 -59 -58 '58 
 61 -65 -67 -68 -69 74 75 -85 -90 -89 -89 -89 -89 '90 -93 -84 '80 -67 -63 -65 "59 -57 -59 -62 
 66 -66 -65 -67 -67 -69 70 71 73 -72 -78 '85 -82 -88 '89 -82 79 -64 -65 -60 -57 -58 -63 '64 
 66 -67 '67 -71 74 -76 77 -77 -80 '88 -87 '86 -86 '89 -86 -84 -75 -68 '59 -60 -62 -64 -67 -69 
 68 72 74 74 79 -85 -83 -87 -87 -89 -88 '88 -84 -88 -89 -82 -80 -80 71 -68 -64 '67 -71 71 
 72 72 70 -fiQ -fi/ -Ff) -68 -fifi 
 
 -------- -65-72 -71 -72 -73 71 72 -69 -66 -63 "62 -62 -59 -62 -62 -66 
 66 -64 -65 -62 '65 -67 -69 70 -69 70 -69 -75 -75 '88 -91 -88 -69 -61 "63 -62 -66 -60 -60 "63 
 66 -69 -69 70 -69 -69 71 73 75 73 73 '73 -73 -73 75 73 -73 -68 "65 .'66 -67 -68 -68 "67 
 69 71 73 71 71 72 73 75 76 76 76 -76 73 78 '87 -83 -80 74 -62 '63 -60 -61 -64 '66 
 68 -77 -73 -75 -81 '83 -83 -89 -93 -96 -96 -94 -92 -91 -91 -86 -75 -74 -64 -65 -63 -65 -65 -67 
 72 75 77 -74 76 -82 -85 -80 -78 -86 -83 -93 -91 -91 -92 -86 -81 -68 -69 '67 -63 -59 -61 '66 
 68 '69 "68 -67 -72 '71 72 -72 
 
 -------- -89-89 -86 -89 -91 -90 -90 -82 -81 -75 -70 -68 -70 -68 -67 '74 
 73 -75 '78 -78 -81 '82 -86 -89 -92 -92 -92 -92 -92 -92 -90 -85 -82 -79 -76 -74 -70 -71 -73 '72 
 72 -76 -81 -83 -86 '91 -93 -91 -93 '94 -95 -93 -92 -94 -93 -82 74 -72 -68 -70 -68 -72 -70 "71 
 73 -78 -73 71 -71 '72 70 70 70 75 -80 -89 -88 -89 -89 -80 -76 -62 -61 -59 -66 -68 -68 -67 
 67 -67 71 -68 71 70 72 74 -76 '81 -82 -84 -86 -87 -88 -87 79 74 -68 -62 -62 -63 -65 -66 
 70 -70 -71 -66 74 71 74 75 71 -72 -72 '73 -73 -87 -90 -82 -73 70 -66 -63 -63 -63 -66 -72 
 71 7l "73 "74 "75 7" 76 77 
 
 _____--_ 74 78 79 75 77 77 79 73 71 -69 -66 -64 '64 -64 -69 -67 
 71 71 70 73 72 71 74 74 74 -73 78 '89 -89- -89 -89 '82 -72 -64 -64 -62 '65 '62 '65 '64 
 
 Means | 0-G99 -717 -730 728 "747 -763 "777 "793 "809 -822 -830 -846 '840 -853 -855 -807 -748 -693 -663 -650 "642 -643 -657 -673 1 0-749 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 8 5 
 2 6 
 
 rr> 7 
 W o 
 H 8 
 
 9 
 
 S in 
 HI\J 
 i , 
 o 11 
 S 12 
 9 13 
 
 * It 
 
 p 15 
 16 
 
 % 17 
 ^ 18 
 
 fc 19 
 
 20 
 
 te 21 
 22 
 OD 23 
 fc 24 
 
 W OK 
 
 * 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 * * 
 0'737 071G 0'705 O'GSl 0'68~ 0'G76 0704 0700 
 
 0-675 
 659 
 656 
 664 
 775 
 764 
 
 724 
 646 
 638 
 626 
 649 
 683 
 
 628 
 622 
 655 
 665 
 687 
 671 
 
 657 
 688 
 719 
 621 
 622 
 644 
 
 657 
 627 
 
 ________ 0'G90 O'GGo O'G'O 0'664 0'633 0'630 0'633 0'643 0'658 0709 0'66G 0'678 0'6S2 O'GSO 0'640 0'664 
 
 667 -639 -663 -649 -619 '632 -645 '670 706 703 '674 -690 '680 -687 -669 703 '671 '624 "648 '643 '624 '628 "642 -651 
 682 -697 -660 "665 -696 '684 -660 '676 -671 -685 "694 -678 '681 '657 -651 -664 -658 "622 '644 -627 -604 '608 '600 -584 
 589 -612 -669 -648 -654 "686 -688 '697 -683 -668 '655 '662 '652 "639 -632 '629 '676 704 706 '690 '654 '644 -672 715 
 745 731 732 771 -826 791 785 787 786 780 773 773 769 750 737 738 764 772 '842 '820 787 787 783 765 
 745 741 736 777 757 759 760 760 -80S '803 '806 '803 788 760 749 772 762 775 773 761 755 742 726 724 
 711 731 '803 762 755 743 753 773 
 
 - 739 725 728 726 703 704 -698 707 703 7.20 706 '690 '682 702 717 703 
 708 705 -697 "694 703 -688 -684 '667 -640 -647 '682 -645 "661 '607 -609 -633 -604 -589 '600 '632 '652 -604 '592 -570 
 593 -608 -615 -609 '614 '640 '644 '674 '679 -661 '662 -658 '640 '642 -666 -666 -692 -660 '639 '669 -612 '577 '594 '605 
 616 -607 -591 -601 -600 '602 -607 '610 '623 -621 '637 -663 '644 '658 -662 -664 -682 -621 '652 -621 '602 -596 "616 "618 
 623 -618 -608 '629 '646 -665 '660 '660 -663 -681 '662 -651 '643 -658 -633 -647 -667 -661 '604 -619 -646 -648 '684 -696 
 661 -665 -666 -665 -678 711 -690 716 -699 704 -681 -676 '647 '659 -666 -660 704 729 703 '668 -653 -666 725 '697 
 
 A7Q -7O 'RRC\ RA,<\ 'R^K 'KA.Q -RIO -RIA, 
 
 570 -626 -609 -624 '636 -609 -627 -623 -615 -600 '610 -621 -598 "663 -614 -634 
 617 -580 -586 -552 '568 -587 '605 '607 -623 -615 -607 -643 '641 -664 '665 -681 -667 -620 '649 -631 '684 -595 '605 -625 
 626 -635 -635 -650 -631 -637 '655 '660 -667 -653 -642 -637 '634 -639 -663 '671 713 -664 '657 -679 -665 '674 -665 -658 
 658 -665 -674 '631 '627 -643 "658 '662 -669 -670 -669 -658 '636 '660 "694 -688 729 735 '647 -668 '639 -636 -663 -672 
 671 720 -664 -675 704 714 700 704 718 725 720 -695 '672 -665 -689 -696 -683 714 '650 -683 -632 -675 -657 '671 
 701 -692 -684 -665 -669 -686 -696 '675 -658 -673 -684 -675 '655 '666 -680 -692 707 -668 715 -679 -624 '596 -614 -643 
 
 fi^7 -RO^ 'Rf)ft -^QQ -ROd. 'ROD 'R1R 'fim 
 
 -------- 704 -684 -655 -650 "649 '642 -659 -648 -684 705 700 -691 -695 -691 -679 700 
 667 -667 -677 -671 '672 -667 '676 '685 -685 -680 -672 -673 '664 -658 '652 -672 706 728 764 732 721 712 712 -698 
 684 -693 712 719 729 734 732 726 735 739 745 753 734 744 745 732 724 707 -691 705 -691 705 -695 -689 
 684 700 -639 '609 -605 -598 '588 '577 -572 -581 -594 '617 '619 '625 -616 "636 -631 -584 -598 -589 '656 '668 -670 -637 
 619 -599 -615 '586 -605 '590 '609 "619 -624 -599 '601 '604 '601 '598 -607 '653 -672 710 '664 -614 -626 -616 -637 -652 
 647 -629 -635 -592 -683 -626 '641 -644 -610 "618 -614 -622 '617 '648 -664 -664 -683 '674 -650 -629 '639 -658 '673 705 
 RTi -fi^l -K^ -fiV) 64.'* -fifif) -64*1 -fi^l 
 
 -677 -680 -678 -643 '660 "662 -679 -663 -673 '672 '658 '641 '641 -631 '658 "635 
 655 -636 -625 -637 -630 '615 '635 -631 -624 -617 '608 '644 '640 '631 -632 -640 -639 -609 -609 -604 -644 -608 -633 -609 
 
 Means ! 0-G65 -663 -662 -655 '664 -666 -668 -671 -674 '673 -670 -670 -661 -660 -665 -672 -683 -676 -671 -665 -658 -654 -660 '662 | 0-666 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
262 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DIEECTION AND FORCE OP THE WIND 
 
 G6ttin#en 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 |b 
 
 9 I 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. hm h m 
 
 I'll 
 
 || 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 1141 12.41 1S.41 14.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 10.41 20.J1 21.41 22.11 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3A1 
 
 as* 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p . p. p. p . p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p . p . p. p . p 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Instrument under Repair 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 Og Og 0-7 ng ng 
 
 
 
 
 8 5 
 
 26 25 24 20 22 22 23 24 25 25 25 27 28 28 28 28 28 29 28 28 28 29 26 18 
 
 288 
 
 W N W 
 
 
 S 6 
 
 18 17 15 17 20 21 22 22 23 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 28 27 27 27 24 17 18 
 
 264 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 Kj ' 
 
 18 18 19 20 20 21 21 21 21 23 25 25 25 27 28 28 28 28 23 22 21 20 11 11 
 
 246 
 
 W S AV 
 
 
 r* o 
 
 A 8 
 
 12 15 14 14 13 13 14 14 14 31 31 31 26 22 21 21 23 23 30 30 31 28 29 11 
 
 240 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 P 9 
 
 13 16 17 18 18' 20 20 21 25 25 23 22 22 22 22 22 23 25 27 26 26 26 25 25 
 
 248 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 7 10 
 
 18 19 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 22 26 26 27 26 27 27 28 29 28 30 30 28 29 16 
 
 271 
 
 w 
 
 
 a n 
 
 16 17 21 21 21 24 24 24 27 27 28 28 27 27 28 28 29 29 29 29 31 31 
 
 295 
 
 W N W 
 
 
 g 12 
 
 26 25 27 22 22 26 29 30 29 27 27 27 26 26 28 28 28 ' 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 
 
 307 
 
 xw by w 
 
 
 13 
 
 13 13 15 15 19 20 22 22 24 27 28 5 5 5 6 10 10 5 28 27 25 25 12 17 
 
 187 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 P 14 
 
 4 10 10 23 22 22 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24' 24 27 27 27 28 30 30 30 29 29 
 
 264 
 
 
 
 H 15 
 
 30 14 16 15 17 17 18 21 24 24 25 25 26 27 29 28 28 29 30 30 
 
 282 
 
 w bv x 
 
 
 W 16 
 
 29 26 12 11 24 26 21 23 25 25 23 23 23 26 27 28 28 29 30 31 31 13 13 13 
 
 262 
 
 ".> 
 w by s 
 
 
 H 17 
 
 18 17 18 20 21 21 21 22 23 22 23 22 21 22 22 28 29 30 28 28 28 27 16 17 
 
 255 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 fe 18 
 
 16 16 15 15 18 24 21 21 28 31 28 31 3 110 13 
 
 297 
 
 WNW 
 
 
 19 
 
 13 13 16 16 17 20 21 21 24 25 24 24 28 28 28 28 28 29 28 30 7 13 13 
 
 247 
 
 w s w 
 
 
 20 
 
 13 15 24 18 18 18 18 18 22 22 25 26 27 27 27 27 24 28 27 28 24 27 27 27 
 
 261 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 21 
 
 18 17 17 18 27 23 22 26 25 24 22 24 24 26 27 29 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 20 
 
 271 
 
 w 
 
 
 H 22 
 
 20 20 21 22 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 Board stopped. 
 
 
 p 
 
 
 g 23 
 
 T?nn vrl cf nrm*j^ 9Q 90 *lfl 1 A 19 1*3 
 
 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 16 17 18 20 21 21 26 26 26 27 23 23 22 22 21 21 21 23 28 29 29 28 27 24 
 
 262 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 3 25 
 
 24 21 21 21 21 21 22 22 24 24 24 26 27 27 28 28 26 26 20 20 20 20 18 17 
 
 257 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 26 
 
 16 16 12 12 12 13 10 10 13 13 10 8 13 19 21 20 20 20 28 27 27 27 27 25 
 
 196 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 27 
 
 25 26 25 26 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 27 26 27 27 28 27 23 
 
 305 
 
 NW by w 
 
 
 28 
 
 26 28 28 28 27 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 21 21 21 20 20 20 
 
 292 
 
 WNW 
 
 
 29 
 
 19 17. 14 14 15 16 17 17 17 20 21 21 22 22 22 23 22 22 28 28 27 27 28 29 
 
 238 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 30 
 
 12 17 18 21 21 21 23 24 24 25 25 25 28 28 28 28 28 29 28 28 28 27 26 25 
 
 275 
 
 w 
 
 
 31 
 
 13 18 18 20 20 20 20 22 22 22 22 22 23 21 21 24 26 28 28 28 28 27 26 26 
 
 255 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 
 OOO OOO OOOOOO O O O O O OOOO OOO 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Hourly f 
 
 209 205 206 211 228 238 242 249 252 256 267 258 263 277 281 289 291 294 309 311 321 293 268 246 
 
 j 
 
 
 
 Means ^ 
 
 swbs ssw ssw swbs sw swbw wsw wsw wsw wbs w wbs wbs wbN wbN WNW WNW WNW NWbw NW NwbN WNW w wsw 
 
 J262 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 j-'r-SS NW 
 ' p _/ 2 1 
 
 7 5 5 2 4 6 6 9 16 17 16 16 15 16 16 18 18 20 23 23 22 20 17 12 
 
 329 Obs.NW 
 
 
 11 15 13 17 19 18 18 15 767 66 775 543 3 3349 
 
 211 sw 
 
 5 o fc 1 S E 
 
 7687322221111001 10000256 
 
 58 s E 
 
 d jejj ! N E 
 
 1000000012233221 1 101 2210 
 
 25 NE 
 
 
 lb. lb. Ib. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. Ib. lb. lb. Ib. lb. lb. lb. lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 4* 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 =S 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 ^ P 
 
 3 
 
 Instrument under Repair 
 
 
 S 3 
 ! 
 
 4 
 
 . ,_ '510 l'0 110 O'"0 0'") 
 
 p 
 
 re 
 
 5 . 
 
 0-35 0'30 0-20 0-25 0'35 115 0'30 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0'60 TOO T25 T55 T45 110 175 1'25 15 0'45 "30 '48 
 
 0-63 
 
 
 g 6 
 
 47 -20 10 10 -55 010 '20 '05 '00 '20 '35 10 15 017 0'22 0'45 2'00 75 215 '35 15 -65 T25 1-35 
 
 63 
 
 -S 
 
 oo 7 
 
 1-35 -55 -35 T45 '45 '20 *'00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '02 '05 '08 '00 '00 O'OO O'OO T20 0'80 0'65 -35 0'20 015 
 
 33 
 
 oH 
 
 8 
 
 010 70 -00 0-00 10 12 10 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 -00 -00 10 '65 '48 070 115 TOO '85 '25 10 
 
 27 
 
 1 1 
 
 5 9 
 
 05 15 -07 -00 -00 -05 '08 '00 '45 '35 '25 '32 -65 "60 '50 "20 10 '08 10 0'30 0'32 -42 15 10 
 
 22 
 
 S-g 
 
 t> 10 
 
 65 -45 '30 -20 10 17 '20 15 10 '08 '30 '25 '08 '20 15 70 '85 T30 2'00 170 1'60 '50 15 '30 
 
 52 
 
 S< 8 
 
 7 11 
 
 00 -00 10 10 12 -95 -00 "00 '00 "00 15 10 12 '08 '06 12 '35 0'60 070 0'85 070 TOO -85 -30 
 
 30 
 
 * 1 
 
 Q 12 
 
 35 -00 -45 -20 '00 "30 170 '60 10 '00 '05 15 '30 -20 10 15 10 '40 '30 '45 -35 0'30 '32 '20 
 
 29 
 
 'o "^ h 
 
 S 13 
 
 10 -00 -00 15 -00 -00 015 '00 '00 '00 '00 10 "00 -00 -00 10 10 10 -20 15 14 13 10 -00 
 
 06 
 
 w 3 2 
 
 M 14 
 
 05 -00 -00 -02 -00 -00 '00 "00 "00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -20 T35 115 '55 T45 T50 170 1-35 "45 
 
 41 
 
 S^ 03 FH 
 o o 
 
 15 
 
 20 15 17 -00 -20 -05 -30 10 12 "00 '00 "00 "00 "00 "08 12 015 -30 '95 10 '00 0'80 0'55 "20 
 
 31 
 
 
 B 16 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -60 15 10 '00 '00 '00 15 17 '45 0'35 '35 0'20 015 13 15 10 
 
 13 
 
 Q) 
 'O tw= S 
 
 W 17 
 
 15 12 -08 -07 -00 -00 "00 "00 15 10 11 "00 '00 '00 '00 '02 "20 "22 "65 "50 "45 "35 '65 75 
 
 19 
 
 o o 
 
 H 18 
 
 1-20 110 -45 -00 -00 -00 "00 "00 "35 '00 "00 '00 "00 '00 "00 '00 "00 "00 15 10 "08 "06 "04 15 
 
 15 
 
 ce S '? 
 
 fe 19 
 
 0-20 0-22 15 -00 -00 "00 "00 15 -00 4'30 '00 '00 '00 "00 ' "00 "00 '35 "85 '35 -65 "40 '20 '25 15 
 
 34 
 
 ~ 
 
 20 
 
 13 12 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 075 2'20 -50 '55 '00 "00 '00 10 12 -20 15 10 '08 10 -00 
 
 22 
 
 ^ M'"" 
 
 H 21 
 
 07 -35 -20 15 -37 "20 -00 -27 '50 -95 0'50 "45 1-35 "28 15 '05 10 '08 10 "03 '05 12 12 -60 
 
 29 
 
 3 03 O 
 O +> ,3 
 
 cfl 22 
 
 75 -35 -37 18 12 -04 "06 10 "25 -35 "52 15 Board stopped. _____ 
 
 
 o-g ^ 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 
 24 
 
 47 -60 '25 -45 1-00 75 -00 "00 15 12 -20 '10 015 17 10 "00 "00 "00 "25 -20 "80 -65 -60 '80 
 
 33 
 
 g 
 
 25 
 
 70 -90 -45 1-00 0-65 '50 15 17 12 '00 '00 10 '35 '00 '25 '23 "20 '00 170 1-65 1'90 1-85 1'80 1-00 
 
 65 
 
 > O 
 
 26 
 
 1-00 -45 -00 0-25 -55 15 '00 "00 15 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 -00 '00 -00 015 012 0'45 '22 15 -00 
 
 28 
 
 be >> 
 
 27 
 
 0-35 -20 17 15 -00 -00 "00 -00 '00 '00 "00 -00 "00 -00 "00 "00 '00 '00 15 '35 "65 075 0'35 0'25 
 
 14 
 
 tn +3 
 
 -rH C 
 
 28 
 
 27 -65 80 10 -08 -04 '00 "06 '20 '35 15 14 '00 10 12 13 -60 2'25 175 2'00 1'50 I'OO '45 :::, 
 
 55 
 
 fl) O 
 
 g a, 
 
 29 
 
 40 10 -35 -33 -40 -45 '20 15 '05 '20 -25 "37 '30 '55 '38 I'OO T55 1'60 "65 I'OO '25 -00 1-25 -25 
 
 63 
 
 II 
 
 30 
 
 10 13 10 1-35 1-90 2-00 1'45 1-60 I'OO 15 "OS "02 15 "40 "30 0'35 0-32 0'30 "25 15 10 0'40 0'35 12 
 
 67 
 
 S4-1 _ 
 <D 
 
 31 
 
 10 12 -00 010 0-30 0-60 0-50 0'45 0-08 "00 '00 "00 '00 "00 "00 "00 -80 '50 0'80 0'65 072 -80 "50 -35 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 Means 
 
 0-35 -30 19 -26 -28 -31 -21 15 16 -31 19 11 19 15 15 -23 '45 -58 "80 76 77 '63 "53 -38 1 0'36| 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 263 
 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OP THE WIND 
 
 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 si-. 
 
 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m. 
 
 ||| 
 
 31 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.11 o.ll 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 25 4 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 22 23 23 23 23 23 28 28 27 28 28 28 28 28 26 
 
 275 
 
 w 
 
 
 2 
 
 25 25 24 23 22 21 22 23 23 24 26 27 27 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 29 26 26 
 
 287 
 
 W N W 
 
 
 3 
 
 24 24 23 22 23 22 21 24 27 27 28 28 28 28 27 28 29 29 28 28 27 28 25 25 
 
 292 
 
 WN W 
 
 
 4 
 
 25 24 20 21 21 21 21 21 21 23 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 27 27 29 31 
 
 287 
 
 WN W 
 
 
 5 
 
 14 15 16 20 21 21 22 22 22 23 24 27 27 Board Stopped 29 29 29 28 28 5 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 oo 6 
 
 8 8 23 25 20 20 20 20 22 23 26 26 26 26 Board Stopped 
 
 ? 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 . , og og og 07 }g jg 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 H I 
 
 m o 
 
 1Q 19 20 20 20 20 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 Board Stopped 28 29 28 27 16 18 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 P 9 
 
 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 21 23 23 22 22 22 22 22 28 31 31 13 13 13 16 16 
 
 236 
 
 swby w 
 
 
 p 10 
 
 17 17 17 18 21 21 23 24 24 24 25 1 333 23 26 27 28 27 29 10 12 12 
 
 264 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 
 17 17 20 19 3 15 16 16 16 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 24 24 25 25 27 8 
 
 202 
 
 ssw 
 
 
 
 6 15 18 18 19 19 19 SO 20 20 20 20 20 22 25 25 24 26 28 28 28 29 29 28 
 
 262 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 13 
 
 28 30 12 20 20 28 28 28 25 22 21 21 21 21 21 21 25 27 27 28 27 27 26 27 
 
 263 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 i 14 
 
 16 16 17 18 18 21 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 28 28 29 31 30 29 12 13 14 
 
 267 
 
 w 
 
 
 5 15 
 
 16 16 17 17 17 20 21 21 26 26 26 28 1 1 1 1 1 29 29 24 12 15 16 16 
 
 261 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 P 16 
 
 17 17 17 17 20 20 21 21 24 26 24 24 21 21 21 22 22 22 "23 21 . 22 22 22 22 
 
 239 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 Fa 17 
 
 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 22 23 27 25 21 21 21 21 21 27 18 16 IB 18 16 
 
 232 
 
 swby w 
 
 
 18 
 
 17 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 16 16 15 16 16 16 15 
 
 195 
 
 sby w 
 
 
 19 
 
 15 16 15 15 16 16 16 16 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 18 23 22 21 21 18 17 17 18 
 
 190 
 
 sby w 
 
 
 r( 20 
 
 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 21 22 21 20 17 18 18 18 
 
 214 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 o 21 
 
 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 20 20 20 22 22 22 22 22 22 21 21 23 22 20 18 18 18 
 
 222 
 
 s w 
 
 
 fc 22 
 
 18 18 19 19 19 19 20 21 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 2 12 12 11 12 14 14 17 
 
 213 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 2 23 
 
 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 26 26 26 23 23 25 28 15 16 16 16 18 
 
 225 
 
 s w 
 
 
 H 24 
 
 18 18 18 18 18 18 20 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 23 27 28 27 29 22 14 13 14 14 
 
 228 
 
 s w 
 
 
 H 25 
 
 15 15 16 17 20 20 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 29 31 31 31 31 30 13 18 17 17 18 
 
 237 
 
 swby w 
 
 
 rt 26 
 
 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 20 20 20 23 24 27 
 
 240 
 
 8W by w 
 
 
 S 27 
 
 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 21 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 24 16 30 17 17 
 
 239 
 
 swby w 
 
 
 28 
 
 17 19 19 19 20 24 24 24 24 27 27 27 27 28 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 27 24 18 
 
 275 
 
 w 
 
 
 29 
 
 18 18 19 2 15 24 22 30 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 30 26 31 28 28 28 28 
 
 302 
 
 NW by w 
 
 
 30 
 
 25 20 19 20 20 20 30 24 25 21 21 23 28 28 28 27 26 26 25 26 28 27 28-17 
 
 . 273 
 
 w 
 
 
 31 
 
 18 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 27 24 24 24 24 24 27 28 28 28 27 26 28 27 26 
 
 267 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Hourly ( 
 Means J 
 
 204 194 208 208 206 221 232 234 246 250 254 266 270 273 275 277 277 282 281 265 252 245 235 216 
 ssw sbw ssw ssw ssw sw swbw swbw wsw wsw wbs w w w w wbN wbN wbN wbN w wsw wsw swbw swbs 
 
 }248 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 8^-2 1 CNW 
 
 6 3 1 1 2 4 5 9 9 12 13 13 12 11 14 17 18 21 18 16 15 13 9 
 
 242 
 
 Obs. N T 
 
 T 
 
 ^g j SW 
 
 19 21 27 27 28 26 26 25 20 19 16 14 13 13 13 11 7 7 6 7 10 9 13 15 
 
 392 
 
 S V 
 
 r 
 
 
 452102001222221112154645 
 
 55 
 
 S 1 
 
 3 
 
 (jfjSfl HE 
 
 1101 20000001222120200001 
 
 18 
 
 N ] 
 
 ! 
 
 ^ > *J O) (^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. Ib. Ib. lb. lb. Ib. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 g 
 
 
 1 
 
 O'lO 0-05 0'02 O'OO 0-45 0'40 0'30 O'lO 0'08 0'06 0'02 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0'02 0'20 1'25 1-80 T25 T20 070 0'47 0'45 
 
 0'37 
 
 Q 
 
 
 2 
 
 25 '08 '07 -00 -00 '20 '15 '10 "00 '02 -15 70 TOO '65 -35 '65 '80 3'25 2'15 75 70 1'25 1'20 75 
 
 72 
 
 a o 
 
 
 3 
 
 1-30 -20 '05 -00 -17 '00 '10 '10 '55 TOO 1'25 -80 0'95 '45 -20 '22 175 2'22 '60 270 2'10 70 '25 75 
 
 93 
 
 B W 
 
 &i 
 
 
 4 
 
 0-25 -20 -10 -30 -10 -00 "00 '00 '00 O'OO O'OO '00 -00 '00 '00 '45 -35 1'60 T20 T55 0'85 0'95 0'20 '08 
 
 38 
 
 f 
 
 
 5 
 
 00 -00 -00 -20 -15 -50 -40 '50 '05 -10 -02 -25 70 Board Stopped '40 '30 TOO 70 '85 '15 
 
 ? 
 
 5 o 
 
 
 g 
 
 08 -00 175 -00 -00 -00 '00 '05 "08 "00 -08 1'50 70 "40 Board Stopped 
 
 p 
 
 o 
 
 
 H 
 
 , ... , . . , o.gQ O.^Q ^.05 .g0 .50 -50 
 
 p 
 
 o ~ 
 
 
 1-1 ' 
 
 8 
 
 60 '90 -15 1-35 1-30 70 '20 '05 '00 -00 '00 O'OO -00 -00 Board Stopped T20 070 0'80 '60 '45 "30 
 
 p 
 
 ilj 
 
 
 M 9 
 
 37 '25 0-18 0-40 0'20 '18 '17 '12 -00 '00 '00 '02 '00 -00 '00 '00 0'02 0'02 O'lO '15 '17 "20 '22 '20 
 
 12 
 
 5 o a 
 
 
 t> 10 
 
 30 -20 -05 -02 -15 '30 '50 1-20 '52 V35 '65 -20 '05 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '08 '10 '15 '16 '20 '22 
 
 27 
 
 ||| 
 
 
 ? 11 
 
 10 '13 '15 -00 -00 -00 -08 O'OO '02 0'06 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '02 '01 -37 '55 '32 '30 '15 "13 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 2 12 
 
 04 -12 -03 -10 -00 -00 -13 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '05 '07 '10 -25 '40 '55 '62 '27 '30 '55 '20 
 
 16 
 
 *o % -J3 
 
 
 13 
 
 00 -00 -00 -15 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 '25 '35 '37 '30 '27 '45 "25 
 
 10 
 
 tn O J5 
 
 i OT M 
 
 
 1J, 
 
 18 -15 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '10 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '17 '08 '10 '06 '07 '25 '35 
 
 06 
 
 J Ijg 
 
 
 15 
 
 55 -47 '25 -00 '00 '00 '08 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 "00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '02 '25 -10 
 
 07 
 
 
 
 te 16 
 
 27 '08 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '20 '10 -15 '02 -15 -10 '05 '00 '00 '00 '00 '05 '00 '00 '00 '00 
 
 05 
 
 JS f- M 
 T3 O O 
 
 
 17 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 70 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -10 -15 '02 -00 
 
 04 
 
 "a "" .5 
 
 
 fa is 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -10 -60 
 
 03 
 
 J3 * 
 
 
 g 19 
 
 25 -10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -08 '30 '25 
 
 04 
 
 K 'S <B 
 
 13 o a 
 
 
 20 
 
 75 -30 -10 '07 '02 -05 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -02 '07 "10 "05 '12 '13 '25 '35 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 rl 21 
 
 40 -15 -10 -00 -00 -00 -02 '05 '10 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 "00 '00 -03 -00 "10 '27 '05 '07 '45 '65 
 
 10 
 
 III 
 
 
 22 
 
 55 -30 -15 -02 '00 "07 "05 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "08 '35 '55 '30 '00 
 
 10 
 
 al 
 
 
 g 23 
 
 00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '07 -15 -50 -35 -02 
 
 05 
 
 -"a 
 
 
 P3 24 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -05 -04 -17 -10 
 
 02 
 
 8 
 
 
 25 
 
 -25 -03 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '05 '15 '08 "09 -13 
 
 03 
 
 "F? ' 
 
 
 ^ 26 
 
 10 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 a? *"" 
 
 
 27 
 
 oo- -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 1-20 -oo -oo 
 
 05 
 
 'Is 
 
 
 28 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -00 -00 -00 -01 -01 -20 -50 -35 '30 '03 "00 O'OO '03 '04 
 
 06 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 40 -55 '42 -08 '00 -00 '08 '00 '20 '00 '00 "00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '10 '35 '15 '00 
 
 10 
 
 2 if) 
 
 
 30 
 
 10 '05 -20 -25 -15 -10 '80 -00 '00 "00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '10 
 
 07 
 
 JF 
 
 
 31 
 
 55 -08 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 .02 -15 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 "08 "10 70 '55 -50 -08 '10 -02 
 
 12 
 
 H 
 
 
 Means 
 
 0-26 -13 -07 "05 -05 "05 '09 '07 '06 -10 '08 '09 '08 -05 "03 '06 '19 '36 "39 -38 '32 "34 '28 "211 
 
 0-16) 
 
 
 
264 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 BISECTION AND FOECE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 I-frs 
 
 c.2 
 
 
 
 
 * 5 
 
 gs 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. li.m. h.re. h.m. h.m h.m. 
 
 c? Jj 
 
 SB. 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 8.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 18.-11 17.41 1N.41 ItMl 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.-11 (1.41 1.41 2.41 3,41 
 
 ^ 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 28 31 18 13 13 31 31 19 19 19 19 19 21 25 25 26 27 29 28 29 26 26 27 27 
 
 270 
 
 w 
 
 
 2 
 
 31 31 31 5 5 8 8 8 8 21 24 25 25 26 27 25 25 25 27 26 26 27 27 27 
 
 333 
 
 NN W 
 
 
 8 3 
 
 24 22 22 22 25 24 24 24 26 26 27 28 28 28 28 27 24 26 28 28 28 28 27 26 
 
 291 
 
 WNW 
 
 
 oo 4 
 
 26 25 19 29 19 19 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 26 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 26 24 18 
 
 269 
 
 W 
 
 
 
 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 20 20 20 20 20 20 25 26 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 24 18 
 
 254 
 
 w by s 
 
 
 6 
 
 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 22 22 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 28 26 28 17 17 17 
 
 234 
 
 swby w 
 
 
 W 7 
 
 17 14 14 15 16 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 21 23 23 23 27 24 21 22 22 18 
 
 233 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 S 8 
 
 18 19 20 19 19 20 20 20 21 22 23 23 21 21 21 21 22 24 24 24 25 23 20 18 
 
 238 
 
 swby w 
 
 
 W 9 
 
 18 18 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 24 26 25 25 24 22 22 22 26 24 24 23 20 17 17 
 
 242 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 10 
 
 18 18 19 19 19 20 21 21 22 25 25 25 25 24 23 23 26 28 30 31 16 15 13 
 
 252 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 S 11 
 
 15 16 17 18 18 18 18 18 21 21 21 22 23 23 23 28 29 29 29 31 10 10 10 13 
 
 225 
 
 s w 
 
 
 | 12 
 
 16 23 21 21 24 24 24 21 21 21 21 22 22 21 22 22 24 25 26 27 27 28 28 23 
 
 260 
 
 wby s 
 
 
 O " 
 
 5 4 4 4 30 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 23 24 23 26 27 29 29 28 28 28 28 
 
 302 
 
 Nw by w 
 
 
 14 
 
 28 12 12 14 21 21 22 21 21 21 21 27 28 29 29 30 29 28 28 28 28 28 29 27 
 
 273 
 
 w 
 
 
 15 
 
 25 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 28 3 3 3 26 26 26 26 27 27 26 30 30 28 25 27 
 
 292 
 
 WNW 
 
 
 & 16 
 
 27 27 27 27 27 27 28 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 24 27 27 27 26 27 28 28 29 29 
 
 282 
 
 w by N 
 
 
 H 17 
 
 29 29 29 20 20 20 26 28 28 28 24 25 24 24 24 27 27 27 28 29 29 29 28 31 
 
 297 
 
 WNW 
 
 
 M 18 
 
 29 13 13 13 13 22 18 25 00 28 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 28 27 28 28 26 25 
 
 276 
 
 w by N 
 
 
 ** 19 
 
 25 25 19 19 19 20 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 24 28 27 28 29 28 29 1 12 13 
 
 248 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 fe 20 
 
 12 15 15 16 2C 20 20 20 21 21 22 23 23 23 23 28 29 30 2 3 15 15 14 
 
 247 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 21 
 
 13 16 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 23 23 24 24 24 27 30, 2 1 3 3 3 4 9 
 
 273 
 
 w 
 
 
 fc 22 
 
 9 9 9 9 20 20 20 20 23 24 24 24 24 25 25 23 24 26 27 23 28 15 28 28 
 
 238 
 
 swby w 
 
 
 2 23 
 
 28 28 28 28 28 28 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 25 25 30 1 31 31 13 
 
 302 
 
 NW by w 
 
 
 EH 24 
 
 14 14 13 13 13 13 17 17 17 17 17 9 9 28 2 25 25 26 28 28 12 12 13 
 
 209 
 
 swby s 
 
 
 25 
 
 14 14 18 18 18 20 20 3 31 26 26 26 24 23 23 23 23 23 24 27 28 28 28 28 
 
 251 
 
 wsw 
 
 
 S 26 
 
 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 28 28 28 28 21 21 26 27 24 27 27 27 
 
 334 
 
 NN W 
 
 
 S 27 
 
 6 22 11 1 1 1 22 24 28 23 23 23 23 23 23 26 24 28 25 23 22 16 18 
 
 275 
 
 W 
 
 
 28 
 
 18 18 18 18 18 19 20 20 21 21 20 20 20 20 20 20 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 
 
 251 
 
 WSW 
 
 
 29 
 
 17 17 17 17 17 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 23 28 28 28 28 8 9 11 12 
 
 216 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 30 
 
 13 .13 .13 14 16 16 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 21 24 26 27 28 28 11 17 
 
 215 
 
 swby s 
 
 
 
 O OOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 
 
 
 
 
 Honrly { 
 
 222 218 216 185 227 240 244 240 250 249 257 258 255 267 271 277 292 290 311 314 302 271 256 235 
 
 I 9A' 1 ! 
 
 Wbv s 
 
 Means 
 
 sw swbs swbw s sw swbw wsw swbw wsw wsw wbs wbs wbs w w wbN WNW WNW NW NW Nwbw w wbs swbw 
 
 ) iOO 
 
 "j 
 
 |5.Sfe ( NW 
 
 11 7 4 3 5 5 6 4 6 8 10 11 13 16 15 16 24 25 28 27 20 16 15 12 
 
 307 Obs.NW 
 
 ! HsJ sw 
 
 9 13 16 16 19 21 21 23 21 19 19 17 16 14 14 14 6 3 1 3 6 59 
 
 305 s w 
 
 J ' w S E 
 
 78773211100110000 0002578 
 
 61 s E 
 
 o'|| JNE 
 
 32343222231100100 2225331 
 
 47 NE 
 
 
 lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 015 O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-20 0'22 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO' O'OO O'OO O'OO 0'02 010 I'OO 1'25 115 TOO 110 0'80 0'25 
 
 0-30 
 
 =2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -01 -oo -oo o-oo o-oo o-oo o-oi 0-05 -02 -oo 
 
 00 
 
 is 
 
 3 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -06 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -02 '00 -00 '00 '00 12 -45 110 TOO -50 '20 17 19 
 
 16 
 
 O" 
 
 4 
 
 05 -00 -00 -30 -00 -00 '00 -00 "00 "00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -20 '22 70 '25 0'80 70 110 1-00 '20 
 
 27 
 
 ro t> 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 22 70 '45 -50 -60 75 '55 '20 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -20 0'55 70 -50 0'45 0'25 '20 
 
 28 
 
 0} w 
 S 
 
 6 
 
 10 -05 -07 -00 -00 -08 10 '08 '07 '01 '05 "00 '00 -00 '00 "00 "00 '00 '05 12 14 -55 -50 '80 
 
 12 
 
 o -^ 
 
 r-H y 
 
 65 -05 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -05 '03 '08 10 '06 -07 '08 
 
 05 
 
 o"ce 
 
 
 20 10 10 -05 -02 -02 '03 '08 12 '02 -85 1-20 10 '00 '00 '00 '00 '02 '02 15 16 10 12 -30 
 
 16 
 
 TJ B 
 
 m 9 
 
 40 -35 '50 -25 '30 -35 '28* "30 '35 '50 -20 0'08 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '08 "07 -03 -01 -02 10 
 
 17 
 
 CI ^ -*a 
 
 o o c 
 
 a 10 
 
 05 15 -00 -00 -00 -22 '40 '20 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 15 13 12 '08 10 '00 
 
 07 
 
 P>-2 8 
 
 W 11 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 12 15 10 12 -05 -06 -00 
 
 03 
 
 a S 
 
 g 12 
 
 07 -02 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '07 '05 -02 -00 '00 '05 10 '85 -60 -55 15 10 -30 
 
 12 
 
 o fe *= 
 
 S 13 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 '06 -00 10 -20 -00 '00 "00 -25 10 -02 "05 -00 10 115 115 -90 -50 "20 -27 -35 
 
 22 
 
 ^ S3 S 
 
 o? 14 
 
 40 -00 10 -00 -00 -00 -08 -25 -00 "00 -00 "02 '00 '01 '01 "02 -90 "30 "35 1-00 -55 -45 15 10 
 
 28 
 
 G " S 
 
 A 15 
 
 00 '05 -20 18 -35 '25 '00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 -00 10 15 "25 0'27 0'05 0'65 15 10 -00 -00 
 
 11 
 
 *O . "^ 
 
 g 16 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -08 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 12 -05 -08 10 "06 -05 -02 
 
 03 
 
 IT3 '^l 
 
 a 17 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "08 "60 15 '00 "00 '00 "00 "00 -00 "00 '00 10 12 "05 '08 12 13 -02 -00 
 
 06 
 
 . 03 j 
 
 18 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -05 -06 -03 10 -02 -00 
 
 01 
 
 ill 
 
 H 19 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 10 15 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -45 '30 '35 10 -08 -00 -00 -GO 
 
 06 
 
 
 W 20 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 10 -oo -06 10 -08 -03 -oo -oo 
 
 02 
 
 c K '" 
 
 H 21 
 
 eo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -05 -oo 10 -oo -02 15 -05 -20 
 
 02 
 
 ill 
 
 fe 22 
 
 05 -00 -'00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -04 -00 -00 
 
 01 
 
 PH G 
 
 23 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 12 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 01 
 
 . ^ 
 
 H 24 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 
 
 00 
 
 go 
 
 S 25 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 1-50 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 07 
 
 > . 
 
 26 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo o-oo -oo -oo -08 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 10 -02 -oo -oo -06 -01 -oo 
 
 01 
 
 I?* 
 
 g 27 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -05 -22 -08 12 15 -03 "35 
 
 04 
 
 
 28 
 
 42 -35 -33 -25 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 10 10 12 -20 -22 -30 '32 -45 
 
 13 
 
 0) 
 
 29 
 
 50 -35 -30 -00 -00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 -00 '00 "00 '08 "00 '00 -00 '00 '00 10 -20 
 
 06 
 
 
 30 
 
 18 10 -05 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 "00 "00 "00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -03 15 -21 '00 "00 "00 -00 3'25 -45 
 
 18 
 
 CD 
 
 Means 1011 '08 -07 '05 '06 -07 '07 10 '02 -02 '04 -05 -01 '01 -01 -01 10 -22 -30 '27 '20 19 -25 151 010] 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 205 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 c . 
 
 3 
 
 c 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h-m. h.ra. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. hm hm 
 
 38 
 
 til 
 
 II 
 
 g g 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 8.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 la41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 2].41 23.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.4l' 3.41 
 
 (JX* 
 
 
 
 
 parts p. [> p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p . p . p . p. p . p . p . p . p . p . p- 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 15 15 19 20 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 24 25 27 28 28 16 16 17 17 
 
 235 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 2 
 
 19 19 19 20 23 23 23 23 23 21 21 21 21 22 22 20 20 21 23 25 17 17 17 16 
 
 232 
 
 sw by w 
 
 
 3 
 
 16 15 15 16 17 17 17 20 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 28 27 26 15 16 16 16 16 
 
 227 
 
 sw 
 
 
 8 4 
 
 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 21 21 19 17 17 18 18 18 
 
 203 
 
 s s w 
 
 
 S 5 
 
 19 19 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 27 26 26 21 20 16 16 16 15 
 
 213 
 
 sw by s 
 
 
 22 6 
 
 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 21 21 21 21 21 21 25 25 15 15 17 16 16 
 
 202 
 
 s s w 
 
 
 * 7 
 
 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 16 16 20 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 27 27 13 13 13 14 
 
 211 
 
 sw bv s 
 
 
 pq 8 
 
 10 12 12 12 12 16 18 18 18 18 19 20 20 3 3 3 3 14 12 31 1 11 10 10 
 
 128 
 
 , J 
 
 SE by E 
 
 
 8 9 
 
 10 9 9 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 24 9 13 15 15 14 13 13 
 
 129 
 
 SE by E 
 
 
 o 10 
 
 13 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 25 16 16 17 16 15 14 14 14 14 14 
 
 156 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 11 
 
 14 14 14 14 14 11 15 20 3 26 11 29 28 26 26 26 26 6 13 14 12 12 12 12 
 
 187 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 1 12 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 11 11 11 11 24 17 17 17 17 26 27 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 
 
 158 
 
 SSE 
 
 
 8 is 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 
 
 114 
 
 ESE 
 
 
 S 14 
 
 12 11 15 15 15 13 12 12 21 12 12 6 6 6 6 6 14 8 10 11 15 12 10 11 
 
 127 
 
 SE by E 
 
 
 15 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 17 17 28 28 26 27 3 2 2 12 10 11 12 12 12 15 
 
 95 
 
 E 
 
 
 w 16 
 
 15 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 9 8 13 13 12 12 12 12 
 
 131 
 
 SE 
 
 
 W 17 
 
 17 20 22 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 7 7 5 5 5 5 5 4 13 17 17 17 IS 14 
 
 89 
 
 E 
 
 
 EH 18 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 15 15 15 2 2 2 4 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 
 
 77 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 a, 19 
 
 31 31 31 31 31 0000000000013322222 
 
 6 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 20 
 
 222222222222225555555555 
 
 37 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 jz; 21 
 
 
 ? 
 
 ^ j 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 666666666666666661223443 
 
 57 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 B 23 
 
 3 3 3 3 12 12 12 12 12 12 44444444444444 
 
 66 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 24 
 
 4454445 555555554434444 27 9 
 
 47 
 
 N E 
 
 
 1 25 
 
 9 11 12 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 11 11 Board Stopped ____ 
 
 ' ? 
 
 
 
 B 26 
 
 
 ? 
 
 
 
 
 C 27 
 
 99999999977555443 31 31 134 12 12 
 
 71 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 28 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 28 28 23 23 20 20 22 14 16 
 
 181 
 
 S 
 
 
 29 
 
 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 19 20 20 19 16 14 14 14 
 
 184 
 
 S 
 
 
 30 
 
 14 14 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 15 16 16 19 24 25 20 29 2 4 6 2 
 
 138 
 
 S E 
 
 
 31 
 
 255555531000000 31 29 0134445 
 
 23 
 
 NNE 
 
 
 
 oooooooooo oooo oooooooooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Hourly f 
 
 129 131 134 126 132 132 135 137 136 141 144 124 119 38 131 90 353 26 69 74 112 118 116 121 
 
 \~tii 
 
 
 
 Means 5 
 
 SEbE SE SE SEbE SE SE SE SE SB SEbS SEbS SEbE SEbE NE SB E Nbw NNE ENE EbN ESE ESE ESE SEbE 
 
 1OO 
 
 SE 
 
 
 i,a d r .- 
 :.s-"S i NW 
 
 1112211 123333427 10 8661121 
 
 72 Obs. N v 
 
 o| li sw 
 
 7 78889 9 10 10 9 8999 10 7 65658876 
 
 188 s w 
 
 is 'jfi E 
 
 16 16 15 14 15 14 14 13 11 11 9 7 5 3 3 1 2 7 10 10 10 11 14 16 
 
 247 s E 
 
 . *J <u o 1 v -p 
 
 SS [ NE 
 
 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 6 6 9 10 11 12 13 13 10 9 8 9 11 10 7 7 
 
 190 HE 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. tb. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO O'OO 0'30 0'40 0-35 0'30 0'20 0'35 0'32 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 
 
 0-09 
 
 la 
 
 2 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 -00 -00 -00 -10 -00 -00 -12 -10 -13 -45 
 
 04 
 
 15s c 
 C3 Q 
 
 3 
 
 30 -10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -03 -25 "20 
 
 04 
 
 O 
 
 ^ Si 
 
 4 
 
 25 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -20 -15 -08 -10 -20 '45 -65 '60 
 
 11 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 s 5 
 
 64 -45 -10 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 "00 '00 '00 '00 -02 "30 -40 '50 -30 -35 -45 -65 70 
 
 20 
 
 C 
 O O 
 
 a 6 
 
 72 -45 -20 -15 -08 -00 "00 "00 '00 '00 -00 "00 "00 "00 "00 -00 "00 "00 '00 -10 -50 1-20 '85 "15 
 
 18 
 
 fl 
 
 S3 7 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 0-00 -65 -00 
 
 03 
 
 1 
 
 S 8 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -oo -01 -20 -22 
 
 02 
 
 *SS 
 
 PQ 9 
 
 25 -17 -10 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 "00 '00 '00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 -10 -30 -35 '37 -45 -32 
 
 10 
 
 ~ '- 
 B 
 
 O O r* 
 
 g 10 
 
 28 "15 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 -00 "00 '00 "00 "00 "00 "10 "05 -10 "15 -20 '30 -27 -45 
 
 09 
 
 o-o 
 
 c-i -, -, 
 
 o 11 
 
 20 -00 -00 -00 -10 -15 -00 "00 -00 -00 -00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 15 -20 -12 -10 
 
 05 
 
 *sl 
 
 12 
 
 05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -20 -15 -10 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 02 
 
 ggj 
 
 1 13 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -30 -05 -07 -04 '02 -30 '25 
 
 04 
 
 3 11 
 
 S- 14 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 -12 -20 -14 -08 -12 -06 
 
 03 
 
 S I'S 
 
 5 15 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -03 -03 -00 -00 -05 -10 
 
 01 
 
 rH G) 
 
 8 5 
 
 ^ 16 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -12 -15 -10 -12 -14 -12 
 
 03 
 
 - 
 
 a 17 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 ^ a, 
 
 18 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -10 -65 -so -60 
 
 09 
 
 Ml 
 
 EH 19 
 
 85 75 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 "00 '00 "00 -00 "00 -00 "00 -00 "00 "0" "20 "22 -30 -00 -00 "00 "00 
 
 10 
 
 03 C3 t- 
 rjj 
 
 PR 20 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00" -00 -00 -00 -00 -20 '55 75 '90 "65 -45 -20 '15 '35 "25 '45 -50 75 '15 '05 -00 
 
 26 
 
 OJ.S 
 
 Q CJ 
 
 21 
 
 TJ 1 Q i 1 
 
 
 
 6-3 o 
 X o ja 
 
 
 H 22 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 ^Z 
 
 H O 
 
 23 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 ."l3 
 
 g 24 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -60 -60 
 
 05 
 
 s 
 
 g 25 
 
 
 
 
 t> 
 r* >^ 
 
 
 26 
 
 T) T O j_ _._. .-. J 
 
 
 
 CC !T* 
 
 GO -^J 
 
 
 27 
 
 10 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 fl) (O 
 
 28 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 o 
 
 29 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -uo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co 
 
 oo 
 
 o -= 
 ^ EH 
 
 30 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00. -00 -00 -00 .00 -00 --00 -10 -15 
 
 01 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 -30 -35 -25 
 
 05 
 
 A 
 
 EH 
 
 Means 0'13 '07 "01 '01 "01 "01 "00 "00 "01 '02 '04 '04 -04 "03 "01 '02 "05 "06 '07 "09 '11 '16 '24 -19|0-06i 
 
 67 
 
266 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 ft 
 
 aJ 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m; h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 
 |ll 
 
 il 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 8.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 &* S 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Parts p. p. p. p. p . p. p. p . p. p. p. p . p . p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p . p. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 6777777744433 31 31 31 31 0456668 
 
 49 
 
 N E 
 
 
 2 
 
 989999999999886640233222 
 
 72 
 
 E N E 
 
 
 S 3 
 
 311111144444444440000 31 31 29 
 
 21 
 
 X N E 
 
 
 S 4 
 
 29 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 27 26 2 3 3 3 3 
 
 334 
 
 ! N W 
 
 
 P5 6 
 
 22222222222111 13131 0111211 
 
 15 
 6 
 
 N by E 
 N by E 
 
 
 | 7 
 
 0000000000 0000 03131 000 31 31 
 
 1 
 
 358 
 
 N 
 N 
 
 
 S 9 
 
 000000000000000000 30 33334 
 
 7 
 
 Nby E 
 
 
 o 10 
 
 Board Stopped 4 4 5 5 5 5 
 
 ? 
 
 
 
 
 *? n 
 
 555 - 555555555551000011223 
 
 37 
 
 N E by N 
 
 
 1 12 
 
 31122222222100 30 29 29 1 103233 
 
 13 
 
 N by E 
 
 
 g 13 
 
 2 1 1 1 1 1 31 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 2 2 2 2 2 3 
 
 357 
 
 N 
 
 
 HH " 
 
 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 31 31 31 30 30 30 31 31 30 31 31 
 
 9 
 
 Nby E 
 
 
 S 15 
 
 31 31 31 30 30 30 30 30 30 
 
 353 
 
 N by w 
 
 
 16 
 
 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 30 30 29 29 29 29 29 29 28 25 24 28 29 29 29 28 
 
 329 
 
 N w by N 
 
 
 S 17 
 
 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 27 25 25 25 25 23 23 24 25 25 29 31 
 
 305 
 
 N w by w 
 
 
 S 18 
 
 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 23 24 25 24 2 2 8 8 
 
 2 
 
 N 
 
 
 fa 19 
 
 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 30 29 29 28 20 20 12 13 13 13 
 
 78 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 20 
 
 13 13 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1 001 4 78 78 9 
 
 95 
 
 E 
 
 
 fc 21 
 
 668888888776666542666666 
 
 72 
 
 E N E 
 
 
 22 
 M 23 
 
 6666557 20 3333 30 30 30 76866 15 655 
 
 61 
 
 Qf\ 
 
 N E by E 
 
 
 24 
 
 899999999999777777 11 9 11 10 10 9 
 
 oO 
 
 98 
 
 E by N 
 E by s 
 
 
 g 25 
 
 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 10 10 10 10 8 7 8 11 11 12 11 10 10 
 
 112 
 
 E S E 
 
 
 S 26 
 
 11 9 10 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 8 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 
 
 97 
 
 E by s 
 
 
 O 27 
 
 555555555555555547777665 
 
 60 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 28 
 
 555556666666621158887787 
 
 63 
 
 E NE 
 
 
 29 
 
 77757755543333333 31 31 02212 
 
 40 
 
 N E 
 
 
 30 
 
 0001411333222333310 31 30 31 1 
 
 17 
 
 NNE 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Hourly j 
 Means 1 
 
 45 43 44 45 46 45 45 51 40 39 37 31 26 22 12 10 5 9 27 32 43 38 40 42 
 
 NB NE NE NE NE NB NE NEbE , KE NEbN NEbN NEbN NNE NNE NbE NbE N NbE NNE NEbN NE NEbN NE NE 
 
 | 34 
 
 NE byN 
 
 
 \ a s TNW 
 
 33333344555577 11 13 11 876 4674 
 
 137 Obs.NW 
 
 = I|^' SW 
 
 00000001000000002011 0000 
 
 5 s w 
 
 1 9*^ ^ Tt 1 
 
 'S g j^ | S E 
 
 20 20 19 19 19 19 18 17 17 18 18 19 18 18 17 15 16 19 18 19 20 20 16 19 
 
 438 " N E 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 Ib. 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 0-22 018 010 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0'02 0-20 0-25 0'30 0'35 0'27 
 
 0'08 
 
 e 
 
 2 
 
 42 12 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 10 -65 '80 TOO T25 110 1'30 
 
 28 
 
 d 
 
 3 
 
 1-20 -30 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 1-80 2-30 2'20 275 2'20 2'00 -35 
 
 67 
 
 II 
 
 o 4 
 
 20 -80 -00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 10 -40 10 170 10 "25 1'60 '20 75 
 
 60 
 
 OJ O 
 
 oo 5 
 
 50 -55 -30 '25 10 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 10 '45 '25 "30 1-27 1'40 '00 115 '25 
 
 49 
 
 
 6 
 
 0'40 10 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 15 '40 '55 '25 '35 '50 0'55 '00 075 
 
 38 
 
 o - 
 
 C < ~ l 
 
 7 
 
 45 17 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '07 '40 '35 0'90 0'92 0'85 0'65 "35 0'25 '05 
 
 23 
 
 
 M 8 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 -45 '35 '47 10 '02 
 
 06 
 
 13 S 
 
 S 9 
 
 00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 10 -50 70 I'OO '85 '90 70 
 
 20 
 
 5 K -4J 
 
 W 10 
 
 Board Stopped '00 '0 " nn 0'35 '65 75 '85 
 
 
 _ o 53 
 
 
 0-30 15 -20 18 -22 '05 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 15 "65 '80 75 '95 '92 115 1'25 
 
 32 
 
 -|| 
 
 i 12 
 
 110 70 '20 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 '30 '65 '80 '95 1'30 T20 '65 "35 
 
 43 
 
 " g *= 
 
 f 13 
 
 55 -80 70 '55 '35 '50 '30 '27 '00 "00 '00 "00 "00 '00 '00 "00 '05 '80 '90 75 '00 0'85 070 '00 
 
 46 
 
 ~ w a 
 
 14 
 
 070 -30 -25 10 15 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 10 15 '35 1'25 '85 '50 '00 115 '95 010 
 
 33 
 
 til 
 
 & 15 
 
 00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 O'OO 10 -08 0'30 0-27 '28 '00 
 
 04 
 
 *O ^**4J 
 
 S 16 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -05 -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 r O 5 " 
 
 17 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo is -05 -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 01 
 
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 H 18 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 1 J!'-s 
 
 S 19 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 r | 
 
 20 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -25 -oo 
 
 01 
 
 (3 M-S 
 
 o 21 
 
 00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '05 15 '60 '45 
 
 05 
 
 3 QJ 2j 
 
 u 22 
 
 08 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 15 '08 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 
 
 01 
 
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 n 23 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 
 24 
 
 oo -QO -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 li 
 
 25 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 '05 -55 '38 '32 '60 '80 '62 
 
 14 
 
 
 fe 26 
 
 55 -00 -00 10 15 -30 '35 10 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 "00 "00 "00 "50 '60 '95 1'25 1'25 1'20 115 
 
 35 
 
 DC 
 
 27 
 
 80 '50 -80 -95 115 1-20 '55 '90 '85 '50 '20 '25 '22 '40 '20 '30 I'OO 1-45 1'50 1'40 '55 '80 2'00 '45 
 
 91 
 
 Q? O 
 
 28 
 
 1-50 -60 15 -35 0'20 0'22 '20 '22 15 10 '00 "00 '00 "00 '00 10 070 15 '30 '45 '35 '40 1'85 '65 
 
 61 
 
 
 29 
 
 0'60 -58 -50 10 -05 '30 -00 "00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 10 '00 '00 '00 015 0'22 0'40 0'85 '20 15 075 
 
 29 
 
 'sl 
 
 30 
 
 70 '35 15 -05 '60 '50 '00 15 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 10 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 O'OO '00 
 
 15 
 
 CB 
 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 Means 0'46 '21 -12 '09 10 11 '05 '06 '03 "02 '01 '01 '01 '02 '01 '05 15 '47 '57 '61 73 70 75 '59 0'24| 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 267 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 ill 
 
 j 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h,m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m hm hm 
 
 |!I 
 
 C^j 
 
 S " 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 6.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.11 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 18.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 9.41 
 
 S a 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p . p . p . p . p . p . p . p . 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 222322 111234433 31 30 11 34555 
 
 26 
 
 N N E 
 
 
 2 
 
 544444444444421110445544 
 
 39 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 o 3 
 
 444444 4455444 000500 31 31 31 1 1 
 
 27 
 
 N N E 
 
 
 CD j 
 
 oo 4 
 
 1 1 1 1 31 29 28 28 28 28 28 28 29 3 3 3 4 4 2 2 
 
 357 
 
 N 
 
 
 5 
 
 55333333111000000U2 11111 
 
 18 
 
 N N E 
 
 
 I 6 
 
 355555111056666553244443 
 
 44 
 
 N E 
 
 
 ? 
 
 333446132222234457666655 
 
 44 
 
 N E 
 
 
 a s 
 
 5586555566677666798 88778 
 
 73 
 
 Eby N 
 
 
 H 9 
 
 776666666766666774244444 
 
 62 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 10 
 
 333333333333333348768888 
 
 49 
 
 N E 
 
 
 P 11 
 
 888888844444444440544555 
 
 58 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 1 12 
 
 556555555555211114445555 
 
 46 
 
 N E 
 
 
 13 
 
 444444444333000 31 02454444 
 
 33 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 g 14 
 
 555544432221100120444555 
 
 34 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 HH -, i, 
 
 fe I 6 
 
 555555 5555553211566 55544 
 
 50 
 
 N E 
 
 
 16 
 
 444444444556665444455544 
 
 51 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 S 17 
 
 567766666666633266665556 
 
 62 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 18 
 
 555666665555555556667555 
 
 61 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 r i9 
 
 5555555555555521 31 3555555 
 
 49 
 
 N E 
 
 
 20 
 
 444444444444332044556566 
 
 45 
 
 N E 
 
 
 21 
 
 655555556664443334555555 
 
 53 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 o 22 
 
 5444444555551 11113555566 
 
 44 
 
 N E 
 
 
 S 23 
 
 555666666655443322333455 
 
 51 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 g 24 
 
 555555555555633332457766 
 
 53 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 H 25 
 
 566666 5544222 255578 7_ 8 8 8 8 
 
 61 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 S 26 
 
 888888888765554214545444 
 
 64 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 5 27 
 
 5555555666654440 31 3443344 
 
 47 
 
 N E 
 
 
 28 
 
 3334454444442 11141222211 
 
 31 
 
 NE by N 
 
 
 29 
 
 000001 1111100 00 31 37887776 
 
 27 
 
 N N E 
 
 
 30 
 
 777777688888888886 7' 76777 
 
 82 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 31 
 
 777777777777766667776677 
 
 76 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 .- 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 Hourly ( 
 
 52 53 53 54 53 54 49 49 48 47 47 46 40 33 31 25 34 42 62 52 54 54 54 54 
 
 1 47 
 
 
 Means ( 
 
 NEbE NEbE NEbE NEbE NEbE NEbE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NEbN NEbN NNE NBbN NE NEbE NEbE NEbE NEbE NEbE NEbE 
 
 1 4? 
 
 VE 
 
 |.S!>fNW 
 
 000000001111111440011 100 
 
 18 Obs. NW 
 
 lllljsv 
 
 000000000000000000000 000 
 
 sw 
 
 li*f"U* 
 
 223222222111111112323 223 
 
 44 s E 
 
 Jllii; 
 
 29 29 28 29 29 29 29 29 28 29 29 29 29 29 29 26 26 29 28 28 27 28 29 28 
 
 682 N E 
 
 
 Ib Ib Ib Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib Ib Ib. Ib lb Ib Ib Ib Ib Ib lb lb Ib Ib. Ib. lb. Ib. Ib. 
 
 lb. 
 
 1 
 
 
 i 
 
 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-00 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-00 O'lO 0-80 1-45 1-85 170 1'35 070 
 
 0-33 
 
 ^ 
 ffl g 
 
 2 
 
 35 -10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -07 "10 '50 170 '80 "30 -80 75 1'55 
 
 46 
 
 i- a 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 
 1-30 I'OO -10 -20 -35 -10 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 "00 "00 "00 T50 1'90 "95 210 "60 "30 -55 "35 
 
 68 
 
 O 
 
 crj? 
 
 4 
 
 0-55 0-25 -00 -00 "00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 "00 "00 '00 "00 "00 "00 O'OO -80 -55 T45 '30 "55 -30 075 
 
 44 
 
 m v 
 o > 
 
 8 5 
 
 80 -45 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 "00 "00 "00 -00 '10 O'lO 0-60 0'92 '00 0'85 0'65 -90 
 
 27 
 
 c 
 o o 
 
 oo 6 
 
 55 -85 -50 -48 '35 -25 '00 '00 '00 '00 '15 -35 -48 '40 '55 '65 '45 '85 '60 115 '25 T05 1'30 T40 
 
 57 
 
 c^ 
 
 7 
 
 1-15 1-20 75 -80 -55 '80 -15 '25 '22 -20 '18 -15 -20 '85 '95 70 75 '90 1-15 '35 '40 '60 '20 '35 
 
 78 
 
 rS'S 
 
 03 a 
 W 
 
 0-80 0-40 -65 -25 '05 '12 -15 '35 '30 '33 "50 -60 72 75 -65 '63 "55 T80 "60 "10 "15 "30 0'90 "30 
 
 71 
 
 'O 2 
 a E 
 
 PQ 9 
 
 1-15 '60 -55 -35 -20 "13 '15 "32 "40 -25 "37 -18 "22 "20 "22 -65 -50 '15 '10 '20 0'65 0'50 -55 0'60 
 
 51 
 
 a . 
 
 O O 
 
 a 10 
 
 0-57 -30 -15 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 "00 "00 -00 -00 0'60 0'48 -15 TOO 1-10 '60 "55 
 
 27 
 
 a -S S 
 
 g 11 
 
 20 -10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 0-60 0-55 070 1'55 T30 
 
 21 
 
 ca a 
 
 u-i M 3 
 
 H 12 
 
 1-15 -60 -25 -10 -10 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 "00 -00 "00 "00 -00 10 "15 "45 "27 "20 '35 -42 0'33 0'25 
 
 20 
 
 ^ 
 
 P 13 
 
 0-12 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 -25 -68 '55 '50 '52 70 -65 
 
 17 
 
 Ti P CQ 
 
 75 a 
 
 I 14 
 
 55 -25 -10 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 "00 '30 2'25 2'20 2'00 2'30 2'10 1-80 
 
 68 
 
 TO l. , i 
 
 S <o 
 
 15 
 
 2-15 2-00 1-90 1-60 T50 '90 75 '60 "20 '22 "00 -00 "00 '00 -00 -15 70 1'55 '25 172 170 T60 1-80 '55 
 
 1-04 
 
 IM 
 
 G 16 
 
 1-45 0-86 0-65 0'43 010 -25 "15 "10 12 15 10 -50 '40 -20 '22 10 -00 10 '00 3'30 2'25 2'20 70 2'20 
 
 0-86 
 
 O , *" 
 
 ^ 3*8 
 
 17 
 
 50 70 -65 -20 12 10 "05 -00 "00 -00 "00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 70 "60 1'50 170 -00 10 2'20 T80 
 
 71 
 
 "a a 
 
 a 18 
 
 30 -45 -50 -60 -50 -55 '60 '35 -30 "28 -20 '25 '23 10 15 '20 70 "35 7u -60 170 110 1'30 '25 
 
 72 
 
 5 S *^3 
 
 19 
 
 10 1-00 -55 '50 '52 -65 -43 "00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 -00 0'25 10 '00 '20 '45 -30 0'85 
 
 50 
 
 is 
 
 EH 20 
 
 0-60 0-30 '00 '00 -00 "00 -00 "00 '00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -45 0'65 012 O'OO O'OO O'OO '00 
 
 09 
 
 s =- s 
 
 ^ 21 
 
 00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -30 110 1-35 1-20 1'35 1'45 T30 
 
 34 
 
 3 o m 
 g. 0% 
 
 22 
 
 1-45 -20 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 10 0-55 0'90 '20 '45 '35 '45 
 
 36 
 
 E 2 =ia 
 
 H 23 
 
 0-85 -52 15 10 -00 '00 '00 '00 .00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 10 '55 "50 0'45 0'35 0'55 0'35 
 
 19 
 
 M OJ 
 
 -r- 1-3 
 
 24 
 
 17 -00 '05 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 .00 "00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 12 -20 '35 "40 
 
 06 
 
 8 
 
 26 
 
 20 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 '00 10 -00 10 12 15 13 11 15 10 
 
 05 
 
 > 
 
 g 26 
 
 00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -20 -45 -40 '25 10 14 12 
 
 07 
 
 be >> 
 
 CO f-S 
 
 27 
 
 05 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 15 -00 '00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -80 75 '80 '90 '85 70 '85 
 
 24 
 
 <u 
 
 28 
 
 50 -47 "25 '22 15 17 '05 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '52 '80 72 '85 '87 '85 '82 '84 
 
 34 
 
 o * 
 a) 
 
 29 
 
 60 -35 -05 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '50 '65 -66 75 '80 "65 '67 72 
 
 27 
 
 o^: 
 
 C^H ^ 
 
 30 
 
 62 -35 -28 -07 '05 -00 10 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 ' '00 '00 '00 15 '25 '60 75 70 '82 115 110 110 
 
 :;:; 
 
 O " 
 
 31 
 
 90 '52 -50 -35 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '65 '55 '50 0'50 0'45 0'45 
 
 22 
 
 H 
 
 Means |073 -45 -28 '20 -15 -13 '08 '06 '05 '05 '05 '07 '07 '08 '09 '11 '24 -67 '98 1-09 1'03 1-05 T03 0'96 | 0'41| 
 
268 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 
 DEPTH OF RAIN 
 
 AND EVAPORATION IN INCHES 
 
 JANUARY 
 
 FEBRUARY 
 
 MARCH 
 
 APRIL 
 
 MAY 
 
 JUNE 
 
 JULY 
 
 AUGUST 
 
 SEPTEMBER 
 
 OCTOBER 
 
 NOVEMBER 
 
 DECEMBER 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 Night Day 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 5 10 
 
 O 12 
 fe 13 
 fc 14 
 3 15 
 M 16 
 
 Eu 17 
 
 18 
 -, 19 
 H 1 20 
 <J 21 
 fa 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 0-340 
 
 040 
 105 
 
 016 
 038 
 042 
 
 In. In. 
 0-050 
 
 In. In. 
 
 In. In. 
 
 O'OIS -080 
 032 '005 
 030 
 025 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0-012 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 O'(MT 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O'OO 
 09 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O'lOO 
 010 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 006 
 9 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ _ 
 
 
 
 0-548 
 078 
 
 00 
 02 
 
 
 039 "002 
 180 '119 
 025 
 
 000 C'998 
 208 
 
 0-003 -084 
 714 
 
 280 
 
 0-863 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 136 
 030 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 016 
 005 
 040 
 025 
 141 
 072 
 
 007 
 020 '124 
 122 '017 
 
 230 '058 
 700 
 359 
 008 '004 
 
 065 -396 
 112 -020 
 350 '118 
 545 1-381 
 533 0-808 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 "820 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 n-noi 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 u-'s -IIIH; 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 615 
 
 
 
 
 
 540 3'218 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 09O 
 
 
 
 -non 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 430 -004 
 '064 
 485 
 
 
 
 
 032 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6/8 
 
 '205 
 626 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "160 "009 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 795 
 015 '018 
 
 842 
 
 
 
 130 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 132 
 
 Sums ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 1-634 0-108 
 
 1-921 0-150 
 
 1-313 1-156 
 
 3-001 1-970 
 
 5-097 8-969 
 
 1-418 0-66 
 
 0143 0-085 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 n 
 i 10 
 
 11 
 
 g 12 
 fa 13 
 
 !z I 4 
 O 15 
 
 S " 
 
 18 
 19 
 Pj 20 
 > 21 
 H 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-008 0-241 
 015 '198 
 004 -200 
 Oil -250 
 008 -*t9 
 006 '242 
 004 '278 
 013 '317 
 010 '309 
 020 '342 
 022 '284 
 018 '294 
 024 "429 
 022 '234 
 024 -267 
 015 -894 
 017 -400 
 029 '324 
 Oil '268 
 021 '329 
 022 '350 
 012 '274 
 014 -321 
 010 '319 
 013 -305 
 015 -319 
 016 -350 
 014 '372 
 010 '244 
 016 '244 
 012 '357 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-020 0-219 
 016 '385 
 012 -220 
 004 '303 
 023 '258 
 027 '279 
 004 -220 
 002 '238 
 017 '268 
 010 '278 
 013 -300 
 005 '254 
 004 '289 
 012 '329 
 027 "329 
 021 -296 
 027 -270 
 028 '314 
 023 "316 
 026 '245 
 013 '265 
 019 '290 
 023 '277 
 015 '279 
 009 -315 
 012 '294 
 022 '269 
 003 '306 
 008 -307 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-009 0-329 
 Oil "307 
 014 '367 
 010 -302 
 006 '287 
 007 '281 
 009 -318 
 013 '287 
 013 -320 
 015 '317 
 Oil -318 
 016 -321 
 009 '292 
 008 -310 
 Oil -303 
 016 '230 
 013 -294 
 010 -211 
 012 '260 
 007 '289 
 008 -319 
 008 '330 
 008 -306 
 012 -302 
 009 -320 
 020 '352 
 012 -339 
 013 -340 
 013 '354 
 014 -331 
 015 -348 
 
 In. In. 
 
 O'Oll 0-353 
 008 -315 
 015 '240 
 017 -328 
 013 '366 
 012 '289 
 006 "189 
 012 -304 
 027 '374 
 021 '392 
 014 "423 
 022 '403 
 035 '404 
 032 '403 
 020 '420 
 021 -370 
 019 "372 
 014 "415 
 020 "401 
 014 '404 
 012 '396 
 032 "402 
 015 '419 
 020 -401 
 010 "380 
 Oil '364 
 014 -361 
 014 "412 
 019 "385 
 010 '378 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-014 0-386 
 019 '370 
 022 "391 
 024 '362 
 018 '404 
 019 '401 
 022 '378 
 036 -413 
 040 -421 
 048 -440 
 051 -450 
 026 '454 
 028 '480 
 037 '476 
 052 "468 
 059 -455 
 052 -420 
 034 '441 
 037 '462 
 028 '440 
 033 -401 
 038 '460 
 052 -451 
 060 -510 
 158 -559 
 083 '610 
 100 -570 
 104 '538 
 060 '485 
 083 -517 
 112 '452 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-060 0-498 
 040 "520 
 070 '395 
 100 "420 
 081 '375 
 101 -335 
 067 "450 
 044 -305 
 020 "469 
 071 '382 
 057 '449 
 084 '493 
 054 '459 
 118 -611 
 176 '612 
 192 '496 
 042 '374 
 040 '362 
 059 '294 
 020 "180 
 055 "230 
 040 -381 
 033 -430 
 037 '402 
 052 '413 
 064 -459 
 092 -401 
 094 '342 
 082 -334 
 044 '416 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-045 0-421 
 068 '361 
 050 -326 
 022 "487 
 062 -512 
 080 '470 
 041 -440 
 040 '388 
 046 '295 
 076 '403 
 062 '459 
 cov. '350 
 042 '258 
 020 '417 
 030 '365 
 038 '338 
 045 '463 
 033 '182 
 043 '347 
 t '073 '302 
 009 -270 
 016 -331 
 048 -351 
 038 '320 
 030 '319 
 "038 -271 
 040 -341 
 056 -354 
 058 '380 
 058 '290 
 060 -329 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-028 0-313 
 070 '413 
 084 -419 
 076 '413 
 088 '387 
 036 '303 
 049 '404 
 039 M56 
 054 '405 
 035 '203 
 COT. '268 
 024 -299 
 018 -331 
 030 "349 
 030 "214 
 021 '017 
 008 -270 
 014 -324 
 021 '270 
 019 -376 
 025 '318 
 022 '346 
 024 -359 
 027 '362 
 022 '426 
 013 '084 
 026 -241 
 024 '357 
 031 -241 
 COT. -215 
 COT. '254 
 
 In. In. 
 
 COT. 0'294 
 0-022 -200 
 019 -310 
 026 '326 
 031 -251 
 022 "315 
 018 '234 
 030 -292 
 032 '295 
 037 -350 
 024 -254 
 040 '227 
 COT. "326 
 033 "372 
 044 -222 
 
 COT. '112 
 
 COT. '201 
 COT. '209 
 035 '301 
 009 '302 
 013 -341 
 022 -200 
 016 -172 
 023 -143 
 020 'COT 
 024 -169 
 COT. "252 
 026 '338 
 024 '304 
 030 '226 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-018 0-223 
 010 "253 
 015 -294 
 010 -329 
 020 "286 
 012 '310 
 013 '168 
 016 '258 
 012 "306 
 022 '300 
 COT. '265 
 006 '272 
 -014 '165 
 COT. '206 
 009 -154 
 004 '145 
 
 COT. '141 
 COT. '073 
 COT. COT. 
 COT. COT. 
 COT. COT. 
 
 COT. "204 
 COT. '155 
 COT. '218 
 004 -224 
 012 -231 
 010 "315 
 010 -330 
 005 '213 
 003 "274 
 004 '284 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-012 0-323 
 005 '305 
 003 '314 
 009 -277 
 026 '281 
 022 '338 
 024 "345 
 003 '345 
 016 '333 
 007 '334 
 029 "353 
 012 '246 
 018 '296 
 033 "231 
 008 "249 
 005 '259 
 010 '330 
 006 "258 
 009 '298 
 012 -245 
 012 -255 
 008 '196 
 008 '248 
 005 -217 
 018 '239 
 015 "3(11 
 016 '404 
 032 '231 
 013 -01!) 
 004 -131 
 
 In. In. 
 
 0-013 0-112 
 009 -277 
 012 '257 
 029 -281 
 029 -241 
 026 '164 
 cov. - 17< 
 COT. '288 
 039 '299 
 017 '297 
 012 -234 
 014 -270 
 '028 "230 
 i '015 "214 
 017 '249 
 038 '345 
 040 '314 
 COT. '368 
 028 '309 
 017 '234 
 022 -281 
 030 '334 
 025 375 
 020 -2R5 
 022 '249 
 -021 -302 
 010 '263 
 029 '263 
 020 '247 
 022 -271 
 028 -301 
 
 Means ... 
 
 0-015 -300 
 
 014 '283 
 
 Oil '309 
 
 017 '369 
 
 050 '454 
 
 070 '410 
 
 046 "359 
 
 034 '313 
 
 026 '260 
 
 Oil '236 
 
 013 r,:\ 
 
 
 023 
 
 269 
 
 TOTAL 
 RAIN IN EACH MONTH 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 E-i 
 
 p : | 
 
 CM I H OS r t CO O 00 t- 
 
 : 
 
 ' 
 
 a 
 s 
 to 
 
 c 
 S 
 
 t i rjq 
 ! 
 
 o 
 1 2 
 
 & H 
 
 05 
 
 On 
 
 i 
 
 H 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 ssallificliSlI 
 
 
 
 T-t 
 
 o 
 
 b 
 
 Q 
 
 d 
 
 * ^H rH rH OS OJ CO O T 
 
 > 
 > 
 
 > 
 
 p 
 
 llll3111llg-l 
 
 
 OOi-lrHGOOOc; 
 
 ^ b 
 
 O 
 
 i 
 
 to 
 
 fi 5 ' O OS i-< CM 
 
 >~ ' ' l-H r-l rH CO Mi I-H O ** 
 
 .y 
 
 1O -^ t-H !>. O O ' CO * CO *H CO CO 
 
 a l-H t-H , 1 , 1 O 1^. ^J CO (M ! I r- 1 <M 
 
 i~j OOOOOOOOOOOO 
 
 b 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 1 '. : : : : 
 
 
 . 1 
 
 i 
 
 g 1 
 
 ,^ ^* 
 t~3 ft* 
 
 
 S ! At h 
 
 2 *' .8 S 
 1 I 1 1 
 
 -a s > 
 
 5) o o at 
 co fr O 
 
 1 
 
 & 1 . f-,1 i 1 1 
 
 1 1 1 1 IJ 1 ! ! I 1 1 
 
 4{ 
 
 ,-fl to 
 CJ - ID . p 
 
 M t* l 2 _P n 
 
 3 ! "3 
 
 r-, "< 3 1-3 1-3 <1 
 
 Leaking. 
 
68 
 
270 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON TEE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY 1860 
 
 Date 
 
 Jottingen Mean Time 
 \<M>\ 
 
 Cloudy sky inSthe 
 
 3 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 4 
 
 .5 
 t>> 
 
 _* 
 
 CO 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8the 
 
 8 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 1O 
 
 Cloudy sky in Stlis 
 
 Dec. 31 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 
 6 
 
 eu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 'I 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 
 en, cr-hz, D 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz, D ... 
 clear 
 It-cr-hz, cr-st, D ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 6 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz, D 
 ny-clear, D... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz, D ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st, D... 
 er-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 cr-hz, cr, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 
 4 
 7 
 3 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 
 cr-hz, cr, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz, hO.. 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 6 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 en, cr-st, d-hz, hl-3. 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, Cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 6 
 1 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz, D ... 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-hz, D... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, D... 
 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 6 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 
 "3 
 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st 
 cr, cr-st 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu, cr, D 
 cr, cr-st 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz, D 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 en, cu-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 sc-cn 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 6 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, hz 
 fl-cu, hz 
 cu ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 6 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, hz 
 fl-cu, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 
 1 
 6 
 7 
 
 
 1 
 8 
 
 en, hz 
 cu-hor 
 
 8 
 1 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 clear 
 cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 so-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 fl-cu 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 .1 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu 
 ny-clear 
 cr, cr-hz 
 fl-cn 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-hz, D 
 clear 
 clear, D 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 clear, D 
 cu, cr-hz, D 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 clear, D 
 cu, cr-hz, D 
 cu, hz 
 ny-clear, D... 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 cu-st, er-st, hz 
 cu ... 
 clear 
 cu,hz 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 
 5 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 sc-cu, hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 sc-cu, hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 cu-hor 
 clear, D 
 cu 
 sc-cn, hz 
 cu-hor 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 ny-clear 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, or-hz 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 fl-cn, hz 
 cu, nr-cn 
 
 6 
 2 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY 1860 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 clear 
 It-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 clear 
 fl-cn, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... ... 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... ... 
 cu-hor 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 clear, D 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 
 cu-hor, D ... 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, hz 
 cr-cn, cr-st 
 cr-st, cr-hz, D 
 cu, er-st, d-hz, D ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz, D 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 2 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 
 en, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 It-en, cr-st ... 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 1 
 
 It-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, d-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 ny- clear 
 
 1 
 3 
 6 
 
 6 
 4 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, d-hz 
 cu, hz 
 ny-elear 
 
 
 2 
 6 
 5 
 1 
 
 
 ny-clear, D... 
 cu, cr-hz, D 
 cu, cr, cr-hz, D 
 eu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 clear 
 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 5 
 3 
 
 
 clear, D ... ;.. 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz, D ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz, D 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz, D 
 clear, D 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 cu, cr; cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 ny-clear, D... 
 clear, D 
 eu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, d-hz. 
 cu, cr-st, cr-cu 
 
 
 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 2 
 
 clear 
 cr, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-cu 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 2 
 6 
 1 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 
 
 3 
 2 
 6 
 3 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 en, d-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 
 
 
 2 
 1 
 5 
 5 
 
 or-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 It-cu, cr-st, hz 
 eu, cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr, cr-st 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr, cr-st 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 en, cr 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 cu, hz ... ... 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz, D 
 
 EXPLANATION OP SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 1 3 
 
 g 1 
 
 50 e. 
 >> f ^ 
 
 rrj O O 
 
 to 
 
 fc & ? 
 
 O "- 1 ** 
 
 5 f., eS ci 
 % f-> O ^ .*> ^ 60 -*J ^- E 1? 
 
 1-s 1? . 1 1 l?i"p I 6 8 .. z * S 1 . * 4 * I . 1 
 
 f 1 :| 1 1 1 1 1 |l 1 1 1| 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! i VI -H 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 
 
 1 i I gcJ^i^ri.sp^^.j! i . 2 1 .3 2 . ^ "I $3 ! & g ' a -a p? t 'oi s -s iJ is d 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 271 
 
 1 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY 1860 
 
 
 
 ~rt 
 
 13 
 
 00 
 
 a 
 >> 
 
 3 
 
 t>> 
 
 -r 
 3 
 _o 
 
 O 
 
 14 
 
 00 
 
 >, 
 ^ 
 
 M 
 
 >, 
 T3 
 
 | 
 
 B 
 
 10 
 
 00 
 D 
 
 >% 
 
 ^c 
 
 >, 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 18 
 
 00 
 
 .2 
 >> 
 ^ 
 ' 
 > 
 
 'U 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 SO 
 
 2 
 /T 
 
 e 
 
 | 
 
 '. 
 
 ~z 
 
 \ 
 
 5 
 
 as 
 
 i 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 1A 
 i 
 >, 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. ; 
 
 Urn. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 104-7 
 109-5 
 105-7 
 106-6 
 103-8 
 109-7 
 106-2 
 105-8 
 106-0 
 105-9 
 106-4 
 108-8 
 110-5 
 105-3 
 110-5 
 105-5 
 104-6 
 105-1 
 106-0 
 104-7 
 107-7 
 107-5 
 104-2 
 111-4 
 107-3 
 104-4 
 110-6 
 105-5 
 107-8 
 109-1 
 106-5 
 110-7 
 
 
 
 78-7 j( 
 80-1 ( 
 81-5 ( 
 81-2 ( 
 79-7 ( 
 79-8 
 78-7 
 80-1 
 81'5 
 81-6 
 81-3 
 80-4 
 79-8 
 79-8 
 79-9 
 80-9 
 81-9 
 81-0 
 80-9 
 79-4 
 81-1 
 81-4 
 80-6 
 81-8 
 80-5 
 80-2 
 '81-2 
 82-1 
 81-2 
 82-4 
 82-9 
 82-1 
 
 56-2 
 J5-1 
 56-0 
 57-0 
 569 
 541 
 57-0 
 38-7 
 70-2 
 B8-9 
 69-8 
 68-5 
 68-9 
 72-4 
 72-1 
 67-5 
 68-4 
 68-2 
 u5'9 
 65-2 
 69-3 
 69-1 
 68-3 
 70-1 
 66-1 
 62-9 
 66-5 
 67-4 
 69-3 
 70-0 
 71-6 
 71-1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 ;s 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 to 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 18 
 
 14 
 15 
 1(5 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 ItO 
 21 
 2-2 
 21! 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 .to 
 
 ::i 
 
 cu, cr-hz, D ... 
 clear, D 
 cu,cr-st,cr-hz,D 
 cu, cr-st, hz, D.. 
 cu, hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz, D ... 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, d-cr-hz 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st... 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 6 
 4 
 1 
 3 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, d-cr-hz 
 eu, cu-st, cr-h,nim 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 d-cr-hz, ou 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 
 :i 
 7 
 -1 
 6 
 
 :i 
 
 7 
 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st 
 d-cr-hz, cu 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st,hz. 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 
 4 
 7 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 
 ovt 
 
 8C-CU ... 
 
 sc-cu, hz, D ... 
 clear, D 
 fl-cu, D 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 
 8 
 1 
 2 
 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 ec-cu ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, hz, D 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 5 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 8 
 
 cr-cu, hz ... 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz .., 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cn, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 6 
 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 3 
 5 
 5 
 4 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 sc-cu 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, hz 
 
 :i 
 y 
 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 
 a 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 en, hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu-hz 
 sc-cn 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 
 cu, hz ... 
 cu-hor... 
 sc-cu, cr, D 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 cu, hz, D 
 
 8 
 1 
 2 
 
 
 5 
 
 cu, hz ... 
 cu, cr ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr ... 
 clear ... 
 clear ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 8 
 3 
 3 
 
 
 6 
 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 hz 
 ny-clear ... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu. cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, hz 
 cu, cr-hz .. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz .. 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 4 
 1 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 sc-cu 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu 
 
 :i 
 (i 
 1 
 
 sc-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 1 
 2 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 clear 
 tt-cu 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 cr-st, kz ... 
 clear 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 
 cu, hz, D 
 o vt 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 cu, hz, D 
 en, hz, D 
 
 2 
 8 
 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 cr-cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, hz ... 
 clear, D 
 cu, cu-st, D ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 en, cr-cu ... 
 on, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu-hor 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hB ... 
 
 6 
 5 
 2 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 6 
 5 
 1 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear ... 
 en, cr 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st hz 
 cu, cr-st, ... 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear 
 cu, cr 
 
 5 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 ny-clear 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 
 en, cu-st, hz ... 
 cu, hz ... 
 en, cr-st 
 
 6 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 en 
 
 5 
 3 
 1 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 fl-cu, hz, nim 
 clear 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cn, hz 
 ny-c'ear ... 
 
 <; 
 6 
 
 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 nv-clear ... 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY 1860 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 <l 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 2S 
 29 
 
 clear 
 ny-cle 
 cu, cu 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 en, hor ... 
 cu 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 en, hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, hz 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz, ... ... 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 113-7 
 108-5 
 107-0 
 124-2 
 122-6 
 113-8 
 1154 
 112-0 
 110-9 
 119-9 
 119-0 
 115-4 
 113-4 
 115-0 
 113-2 
 115-9 
 121-8 
 118-8 
 112-0 
 117-0 
 115-4 
 1090 
 107-6 
 108-0 
 116-0 
 119-8 
 118-2 
 114-4 
 114-0 
 
 
 
 82-8 
 82-7 
 82-2 
 82-1 
 82-0 
 82-6 
 84-6 
 85-7 
 83-5 
 84-9 
 84-3 
 82.9 
 83-7 
 84-7 
 84-1 
 84-9 
 86-7 
 85-4 
 86-2 
 85-0 
 85-3 
 86-3 
 87-0 
 85-6 
 86-3 
 89-5 
 87-8 
 89-1 
 90-6 
 
 68-4 
 68-3 
 69-1 
 67-5 
 68-1 
 67-2 
 69-7 
 69-8 
 67-4 
 67-5 
 70-0 
 69-9 
 68-5 
 69-3 
 71-6 
 74-0 
 74'2 
 75-1 
 71-4 
 71-6 
 72-9 
 71-9 
 73-1 
 72-2 
 73-1 
 74-1 
 73-4 
 70-5 
 71-4 
 
 ir, gd-fg.. 
 
 st 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 cu, cr ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st.. 
 
 cu, cu-st, D ... 
 cu, hz, D 
 cr-st, cr-hz, D... 
 cr-st, cr-hz, D... 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz, gd-fg. 
 
 2 
 2 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 
 cu, cr ... 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 cu, er-cn, d-ki, gd-fj ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hi, gd-fg ... 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 4 
 
 cr, er-hz ... 
 
 clear 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, hz 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 4 
 
 cu,hz 
 er, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 d-cr-hz, cr-cu 
 d-cr-hz, cr 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 6 
 7 
 5 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz . . 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 en, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 eu, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 7 
 6 
 1 
 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, d-hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 
 en, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 uy-clear, gd-fg.. 
 clear, D 
 cu, cn-st, D ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 3 
 
 clear, fg 
 clear, fg 
 cu, cr-cn, hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 
 
 4 
 3 
 6 
 4 
 
 sc-eu, hz 
 sc-cu 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 6 
 4 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 80-CU 
 
 cu, hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-st ... 
 1-cu, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st . . . 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 en, cn-st, cr-st ... 
 en, cr-hz .. 
 en, cr-hz, cr - ... 
 en, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 ;i 
 
 3 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 clear ... ... 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz.. 
 
 
 
 3 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st 
 en, cn-st 
 cu, cu-st 
 clear ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz .. 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 
 cu, cr-st ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 sc-cu, hz ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, hz 
 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 1-cn 
 1-eu, cn-st 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 1 
 6 
 3 
 
 ] 
 
 cu, cr-st 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 cn-hor ... ... 
 clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 sc-cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear ... 
 en, cr-hz, D 
 clear,*D 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz.. 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 clear 
 1-cu 
 clear 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 cu-'St, cr-st 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 3 
 
 o U3 
 
 .So 1 
 >, 3 -3 P. 
 
 f 8 I o 
 
 i E % 
 
 lii1lMiiMf)M^ii^MtMifitihl{(ii'!^ 
 
 !J|gp*44pq.g.jM:3|j^.^SfcJ&s1iip3li!ri^s3J-e 
 
272 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF MARCH 1860 
 
 Date 
 
 Gottingen Mean Time 
 
 \oo.v 
 
 (0 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 * 
 
 00 
 
 a 
 
 .F* 
 
 f~: 
 
 ta 
 1 
 
 FJ 
 
 4 
 
 Z 
 .S 
 
 % 
 
 \ 
 
 5 
 
 e 
 
 00 
 % 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 A 
 00 
 
 f 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 00 
 
 '> 
 
 c 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 IS 
 19 
 90 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 cr, cr-&t 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear, D 
 clear 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 "6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear, D 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 (1 
 
 
 
 clear ... 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 en, cr 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 sc-cu 
 clear 
 
 clear 
 fl-cu 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 ? 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear 
 cu, cn-st, cr hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 1 
 6 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 6 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, hz ,,. 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 clear 
 cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 cr-cu, cr-hz .. 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 6 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 ca, cr, d-hz... 
 en, cr, d-hz... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, d-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 fl-cu 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 en, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-cu, hz... 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 7 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 6 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 cu, cr, cr-st 
 cleur 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cr, d-hz 
 clear 
 cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 n 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF APRIL 1860 
 
 Mar. 31 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 18 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 cr-st, d-cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 cr-st, d-cr-hz 
 
 4 
 
 cr-st, d-cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 clear 
 
 clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, d-cr-hz 
 d-cr-hz, hl>3 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 2 
 2 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cr-st, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear hl-^) 
 
 
 2 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cr-st, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 3 
 
 c 
 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 ny-clear 
 cr, or-hz, cr-st 
 cr-cu, d-er-hz 
 d-cr-hz, cr, cr-cu ... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 cr, d-hz 
 en, d-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 en, hz 
 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 3 
 5 
 
 "7 
 4 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 5 
 7 
 5 
 :i 
 5 
 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 d-cr-hz, cr, cr-cu ... 
 or, cr-st 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 6 
 7 
 6 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st, hl-^)... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st, hi- 3)... 
 cr, cr-st, hl-3 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 en, cr, d-cr-hz 
 clear 
 en, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 8 
 6 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 d-er-hz 
 ovt ... 
 cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-cloar 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 cr, d-hz 
 cu, d-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 It-cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cr, d-hz 
 cu, d-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 
 7 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 cu, cr, d-hz 
 en, d-hz 
 ny-clear 
 r.u, cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 cr-at, cr-hz... 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 'o 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 1 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 2 
 O 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 oy-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 cr, cr-st, hz, lt-cn-st 
 cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear ... ... i 
 clear , 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear, 
 clear 
 
 clear 
 clrar 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear 
 en, hz 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 ou, cr-hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 uy-clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 en, cr-st 
 on, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st 
 er-st, cr 
 clear 
 cu, er-st, hz 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 lt-cn, cr-st, sh-lg-N- 1 
 clear 
 clear ... ... 
 clear, sh-lg-NE-hor. 
 clear 
 cr-st, cr , 1 
 
 ny-clear, sh-lg-NW.. 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr-st, cr 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 PLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 3 _o 3. 
 a" o f o 
 
 3 S >. 
 
 II" ^ 1 1 
 
 r* t3 H3 U ' ^ to ' >> - "5 JJ* ^ o x *~ J3 j *-> 3 fX ^ jj 
 X p ~ O tf .AJ t* o *-" 03 T3 M 4 _S *iJ *^ s- i- ^< * ' +* 3 .!+*-+ ea 3 " s* *^ " 
 
 5 ,-3 ^ 3 o 2 .2 1y ; p fe *> w 2 e S ^ "be 3. > > rt^^^a^a)-^^. 
 o *j o r o r *3 r br3 5> 2 <** ^3 ** c ^ ..3 F-fl |jJ2 ;jq Haacoo&^^iHM^^oo- 4 ^-^^^^ 
 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 273 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF MARCH, 1860 
 
 -S 
 
 CS 
 
 O 
 
 I 
 
 J3 
 00 
 
 >~. 
 
 M 
 
 I 
 
 J3 
 
 5 
 
 14 
 
 00 
 
 s 
 >, 
 
 ,M 
 
 >t 
 
 "C 
 3 
 
 O 
 
 S 
 
 ie 
 
 1 
 .5 
 
 
 
 > 
 
 13 
 
 | 
 5 
 
 18 
 
 ao 
 
 a 
 
 t 
 
 s 
 
 ^. 
 n 
 & 
 o 
 
 6 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 a 
 
 i 
 
 -& 
 i 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 as 
 
 s 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 ,14 
 
 5" 
 
 
 
 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 Sol. | Ter. 
 
 Max. 
 
 \lin. 
 
 r 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 cr, cr-hz, D ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 ny-elear ... 
 sc-cu, hz ... 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 1157 
 111-6 
 109-0 
 108-4 
 109-8 
 1130 
 105-4 
 107-8 
 110-5 
 1130 
 113-6 
 114-9 
 115-4 
 112-0 
 110-3 
 1 5-4 
 114-2 
 113-2 
 112-2 
 112-1 
 110-9 
 115-8 
 108-9 
 110-5 
 121-5 
 1140 
 114-2 
 118-3 
 110-7 
 111-0 
 
 
 
 917 
 
 88-0 
 S7'8 
 86-3 
 87-2 
 89-3 
 
 ss-i 
 87-7 
 90-1 
 87-4 
 88-6 
 87-4 
 87-4 
 87-5 
 89-3 
 90-3 
 90-8 
 90-0 
 89-9 
 89-3 
 89-4 
 89-6 
 90-6 
 913 
 948 
 91-5 
 93-3 
 95-2 
 91-9 
 91-3 
 
 '2-2 
 73-2 
 72-0 
 
 ro-s 
 
 70-2 
 71-0 
 72" 
 72-5 
 760 
 75-5 
 734 
 72-7 
 73-1 
 739 
 73-5 
 769 
 78-8 
 77-1 
 76-4 
 73-2 
 73-2 
 73-9 
 74-9 
 74-6 
 76-0 
 75-7 
 78-2 
 777 
 76-4 
 75-5 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 clear 
 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 ny-clear, D 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 cu, cr-cu 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-cu, hz, D. 
 clear, D 
 cu, hz ... 
 cu 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 en, hz 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 sc-cu 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear ... t.. 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 clear 
 en, cr 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, er, d-cr-hz .. 
 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 cn-hor, D 
 cu cu-st, cr-hz . 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz . 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 7 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cn, hz 
 
 3 
 6 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 6 
 
 clear 
 cu, cu-st . 
 cu, bz 
 en, hz 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 
 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 clear 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr.st, d-cr-hz... 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 clear 
 cu, cr 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st ... 
 It-cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, d-cr-hz.. 
 
 A 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cu, hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 clear ... 
 fl-cu 
 
 6 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-cu, hz, D. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz ... . ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cn, hz 
 cu, cr-hz . 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 5 
 2 
 S 
 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz .. 
 cu, liz ... ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 nv-clear ... 
 
 7 
 6 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 ny clear ... 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 en, hz 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr, cr-hz 
 ny-clear ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 c 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ( 
 
 en, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear ... 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 clear ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu 
 
 1 
 
 cu, bz 
 
 1 
 <> 
 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 It-cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 It-cr-at, cr-hz ... 
 
 cr, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cu 
 en, hz ... 
 en, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 6 
 2 
 1 
 3 
 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz "' 
 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF APRIL, 1860 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 7 
 5 
 2 
 7 
 
 119-0 
 113-2 
 111-0 
 114-0 
 
 110-0 
 
 118-0 
 105-9 
 105-6 
 113-0 
 122-0 
 126-8 
 124-5 
 124-1 
 118-5 
 107-2 
 110-5 
 113-5 
 1130 
 112-0 
 108-2 
 112-2 
 115-5 
 114-2 
 112-2 
 107-8 
 104-0 
 1132 
 111-7 
 119-0 
 113-0 
 109-0 
 
 
 
 91-5 
 92-5 
 94-1 
 94-3 
 93-3 
 93-5 
 90-5 
 918 
 92-3 
 95-4 
 99-7 
 98-7 
 100-9 
 96-1 
 90-4 
 93-7 
 91-7 
 92-0 
 91-7 
 PO-7 
 930 
 P3-2 
 94-3 
 92-8 
 92-1 
 92-4 
 92-8 
 92-5 
 94-1 
 95-1 
 96-4 
 
 78-1 
 79-1 
 79-1 
 79-6 
 79-0 
 79-1 
 77'3 
 75'0 
 78-0 
 78-3 
 79-4 
 80-1 
 81-6 
 81-C 
 80-1 
 7b'8 
 78-9 
 78-3 
 75-2 
 75-6 
 75-4 
 791 
 79-3 
 80'0 
 78-5 
 77-2 
 75-9 
 76-9 
 79-4 
 78-0 
 78-9 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 10 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt... 
 cr-st, d-cr-hz, D 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-cu, cr-hz... 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 7 
 6 
 3 
 5 
 
 ny clear 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st... 
 ovt 
 cr-cu, d-cr-hz... 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 
 
 3 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 7 
 
 clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 cu, hz ... ... 
 cu, d-hz ... 
 
 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 5 
 
 clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz ... 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 
 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 2 
 7 
 
 cr, It-cr-hz 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 cr, cr-cu, d-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 8 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cr-cn, d-cr-hz 
 d-cr-hz, cr, cr-cu.. 
 en, hz 
 en, cr-hz ... 
 
 d-cr-hz cr-st ... 
 ovt 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 clear 
 clear ... 
 ny-clear 
 
 8 
 8 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz... 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 clear .. 
 cu, cr-cu, hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 6 
 3 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 
 cu, d-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz . . ... 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz ... 
 en, d-hz ... 
 
 6 
 6 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz ... 
 cu, d-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 clear .'.. 
 en, bz 
 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 hz 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, bz ... ... 
 
 
 
 
 en, cr-hz, 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear, ... 
 cu, hz ... 
 clear ... 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 ca, cr-hz 
 cu, hz ... 
 clear ... 
 clear ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 clear ... 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cr-cu, hz .. 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 
 3 
 4 
 2 
 1 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 en, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 en, hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 ny-clear .. 
 clear 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 cr-pt, hz ... 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 It-cu, cr-st 
 clear 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear ... 
 clear ... 
 en 
 clear 
 clear ... 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, hz ... 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz ..; 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 en, cr-cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu, hz 
 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr.hz ... 
 clear 
 sc-cn 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu-hor 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 cu, hor 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear ... 
 clear ... 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 sc-cu 
 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 
 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USKD IX THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 ^ 
 a $ 
 o .g 
 
 '3 o & 
 
 i 1 
 
 1 g 1 >, * 
 3 a * a 
 
 |i|ifill^|il!i^i^M{!fi!vlHtllUMM 
 
 1 ? 1 id-j^ztiggvii i^slj2 : ^^l^l & i 1 s.u^'Sai s -s -g 5 is i ? fc 
 
 69 
 
274 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF MAY, 1860 
 
 Date 
 
 Gottingen Mean Time 
 \00\ 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 3 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 4 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 8 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 10 
 
 Cloudy sky in Sthfj 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 2O 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 cu, cr-8t, hz 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 3 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 sc-cu, hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 1) 
 
 fl-cu, hz 
 cr-cu, hz 
 clear 
 cn, hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 cn, hz 
 
 1 
 
 cr-cu, hz 
 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cu 
 cr-cu, hz 
 clear 
 cr-cu, cr-hz... 
 clear 
 
 
 8 
 
 a 
 
 u 
 
 e 
 
 
 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 fl-cn... 
 sc-cr-cu 
 clear 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 clear 
 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 
 cu, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 1 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 uy-clear, Ig-W 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz,lg-NW 
 cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cr-hz, cr-st... 
 cr-hz, cr-st... 
 ny-clear 
 cu, nim-SW 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 G 
 B 
 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 dear 
 cr-ca, hz 
 cn, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 3 
 
 cu-st,cr-st,hz,lg-NW 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, Ig-W ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 
 cu-st, hz, Ig-N 
 er-st, hz, Ig-W 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st,hz,lg- 
 cu, hz ... [W 
 cu-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz, Ig-W... 
 
 2 
 1 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-hz, Ig-S 
 cr, cr-hz, Ig-W 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 cu-hor 
 cu, d-hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 clear 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-hz, sh-lg-NW. 
 cu, cr, cr-hz, sh-lg-NW. 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 (i 
 8 
 
 
 a 
 a 
 
 j. 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, hz, sh-lg-N\V 
 cu, cr-hz, sh-lg-W 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 2 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 7 
 3 
 4 
 2 
 
 cr-st,hz,'sh-Ig-W-hor 
 cu,cr-st,hz, sh-lg-SW 
 cu, cr-st, Ig-N 
 cu-st, cr-st, Ig-W ... 
 cu,cr-st,hz,sh-lg-SW 
 clear 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz, sh-lg-SW.. 
 cu, cr-hz-hor, fr-lg-N ... 
 cu-st cr-st, Ig-NW ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 2 
 3 
 :i 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cn,cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-ca, cr-hz 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 6 
 7 
 5 
 5 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu,cu-st,cr-cu,cr-hz.. 
 eu-st, cr-st, Ig-W ... 
 cn,cr-st,hz,sh-lg-SW 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cn, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 I 
 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 clear 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 hy-cu-8t,cr, lg,th-WNW 
 cu, cr-Bt, hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 en, cu-st, hz... 
 cu,cu-st,nim, lg,th-WN 
 cu, hz, Ig-W ...[W 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 7 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cn, cu-st, Ig 
 cu, hz 
 
 4 
 6 
 7 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-cu 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz, lg-SW.. 
 cr-cu, d-hz, Ig-W ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 1 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE, 1860 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 SO 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 2O 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 1 
 6 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 cr st, cr-hz... 
 
 2 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz .'.. 
 
 3 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... ... 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, hz 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cn, cr, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt ... 
 en, d-hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, ca-st, nim 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 
 cr, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, d-hz 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 
 cr, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt ... 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 "7 
 2 
 2 
 7 
 6 
 g 
 
 cr, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ovt, fr-sh-lg-SE ... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, fr-viv-lg, th-R.. 
 ny-ovt 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-st... 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 "e 
 
 3 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 G 
 
 ovt 
 ovt, 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt 
 
 cu-st, d-hz ... 
 cu, hy-cu-st, nim ... 
 ovt, lt-R 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu,cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 
 "7 
 2 
 5 
 7 
 5 
 6 
 
 cu-6t, d-hz ... 
 cn, hz 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz, Ig-NE 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cn, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, hz 
 
 cn, cu-st, hz 
 cn, cu-st 
 
 cu, cr-cu, or-hz 
 on, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 
 7 
 8 
 3 
 4 
 8 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cu, er-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 eu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 
 6 
 3 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 cr-cn, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cn, cn-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 
 cr-cu, hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 cn, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 cn, hz, sh-lg-SE ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 4 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 5 
 
 en, cn-st, cr-st, hz... 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, th-W, R 
 ovt . 
 en, cr-st, d-hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 3 
 
 cn, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, d-hz 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, d-hz 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 8 
 5 
 3 
 1 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 S 
 
 ovt 
 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 8 
 4 
 3 
 1 
 
 ovt, f r-sh-lg-S 
 eu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz, Ig-S. 
 cu, cr, cr-hz, Ig-NW 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz, Ig-S.. 
 ovt, fr-lg-N W 
 on, cr, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cn, cu-st, nim 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cn, cu-st, cr-hz 
 d-cr-hz, cr-cu 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 2 
 4 
 5 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 en, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, hz... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, nim, lt-R... 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-it, cr-Bt, nim, Ig-NW ... 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cn, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 cn, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt, Ig, th 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 5 
 5 
 1 
 
 ovt, sh-lg-S 
 cn, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, hz 
 
 8 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 
 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 * ~ 
 t*. 2 * 
 
 -11 
 
 i >, 
 
 "3 o t? -g 
 
 jl lill|HlfllIi!yi!!l!lli!iilfl|iuii 
 
 11 g fi ! J i ^ K J* J : ti,^2l^2^^1s5-3 & 1 B. i *J " oi S -5 ^ -3 5 t ? & 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 275 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF MAY, 1860 
 
 5 
 
 P 
 
 13 
 
 00 
 
 m 
 
 "3 
 P 
 
 O 
 
 5 
 
 14 
 
 00 
 
 yi 
 -* 
 
 O 
 
 5 
 
 1O 
 
 00 
 
 a 
 j? 
 
 CO 
 
 2 
 O 
 
 
 
 , s 
 
 ~ 
 
 CO 
 
 O 
 
 30 
 
 00 
 
 .5 
 
 00 
 
 5 
 
 33 
 
 1 
 a 
 
 "j? 
 
 GO 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 BO 
 
 81 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, hz 
 clear 
 cu, hz .. 
 
 2 
 
 
 cu, hz .. 3 
 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 
 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr, cr-st ... 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz .. 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 cn, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 111-9 
 110-4 
 118-4 
 108-8 
 110-2 
 1160 
 115-2 
 121-0 
 126-1 
 131-0 
 131-5 
 119-5 
 130-9 
 129-1 
 127-3 
 129-3 
 129-1 
 128-1 
 123-5 
 122-2 
 120-4 
 127-0 
 128-0 
 124-0 
 131-0 
 133-5 
 131-9 
 128-4 
 125-0 
 132-0 
 123-1 
 
 
 
 100-3 
 93-9 
 97-6 
 93-4 
 936 
 93-5 
 95-2 
 100-0 
 98-9 
 105-2 
 100-9 
 98-6 
 102-0 
 101-5 
 104-2 
 102-2 
 99-2 
 97-6 
 97-9 
 1008 
 96-8 
 103-7 
 104-8 
 105-3 
 106-0 
 105-9 
 103-8 
 102-7 
 104-8 
 104-7 
 101-6 
 
 80-7 
 81-5 
 83-1 
 82-4 
 81-7 
 81-9 
 82-2 
 83-2 
 83-9 
 85-1 
 83-5 
 82-6 
 83-9 
 84-0 
 84-2 
 83-0 
 81-1 
 81-5 
 82-2 
 82-9 
 83-1 
 83-9 
 82-1 
 82-4 
 86-9 
 85-7 
 85-4 
 85-6 
 84-4 
 84-4 
 83-9 
 
 cr-cu, hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, er-st, hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 cr, cr-hz, cu ... 
 fl-cu 
 cu, cr-cu 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 q 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 cn, cu-st 
 cu, cr-cn 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st, cr ... 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 fl-cu 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 1 
 4 
 1 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 cu... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 cu, hz 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 1 
 4 
 2 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu-st, cr-8t 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cr, cr-cu, er-hz ... 
 
 2 
 1 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 5 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st 
 cn-hor 
 cr-cu, cr-st 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu-hor... 
 cn, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st.. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 I 
 1 
 3 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 cr-hz, or-st 
 ny-clear 
 cr-cu, hz 
 cn, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 ny-clear 
 .. 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 clear 
 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 cu, or-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-cu ... 
 cu, cr-st ... 
 cu, cr-st ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 
 cr-cu, hz ... 
 cr-hz, or-st 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 
 1 
 2 
 6 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz.. 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 6 
 3 
 2 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, d-hz 
 er-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cn, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cr-hz 
 
 3 
 5 
 6 
 4 
 3 
 1 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-on, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz, nim. 
 cr-cn, cr-st, d-hz . 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 7 
 4 
 2 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-st, d-hz.. 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 7 
 4 
 2 
 
 cu-hz ... 
 ny-clear 
 
 2 
 
 
 cu, cr-cu, or-hz. 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 
 ny-olear 
 cu. cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st... 
 
 
 4 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st. . 
 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 3 
 3 
 
 cr-st, cr ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st, ... 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 1 
 1 
 4 
 
 ny-clear .. 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ny-clear ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cn, cr, d-cr-hz ... 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 5 
 
 cu-hor 
 cu, hz 
 cu 
 ny-clear 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 cu-at, It-hz 
 cn, cu-st-W, hz ... 
 cu-st, hz ... 
 clear 
 on, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 4 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE, 1860 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 18 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 cr-cn, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 5 
 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr 
 
 3 
 
 on, cr-st, cr 
 
 3 
 
 126-9 
 125-0 
 128-8 
 121-4 
 123-9 
 117-0 
 122-0 
 115-4 
 108-0 
 118-3 
 117-2 
 
 broken 
 
 117-2 
 113-6 
 114-5 
 122-7 
 124-7 
 119-2 
 112-1 
 106-0 
 108-8 
 118-5 
 118.5 
 117-7 
 115-7 
 114-5 
 124-5 
 112-4 
 110-8 
 
 
 
 103-5 
 101-1 
 103-0 
 95-8 
 97-4 
 98-6 
 100-5 
 98-8 
 98-1 
 
 100-0 
 
 98-5 
 101-5 
 103-1 
 103-2 
 102-7 
 102-4 
 97-5 
 99-6 
 95-5 
 93-7 
 95-1 
 95-6 
 97-2 
 103-0 
 100-7 
 101-6 
 98-4 
 97-6 
 97-8 
 
 84-1 
 86-2 
 85-5 
 83-9 
 84-0 
 82-1 
 82-2 
 79-9 
 81-2 
 83-0 
 83-1 
 82-3 
 82-1 
 84-1 
 84-3 
 84-1 
 80-3 
 81-4 
 82-5 
 77-1 
 79-9 
 80-4 
 82-3 
 82-0 
 83-1 
 84-3 
 84-3 
 83-9 
 80-6 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz, cr-st. 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt... 
 cn, cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, cr-st. 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz . 
 cr-cn, cr, cr-st .. 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 
 cr, cr-st, or-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu. cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 4 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt t 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cn, cr, cr-st, or-hz 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 
 cr, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-cu, d-hz ... 
 ovt 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr-cu, d-hz ... 
 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 6 
 7 
 5 
 
 cr, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cn, cr-cn, cr-Bt, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cn, d-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz ... 
 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz.. 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 5 
 5 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 6 
 2 
 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-Bt, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 3 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 a 
 
 6 
 
 cn, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-cu ... 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cn, cr-hz, cr-cu ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ou, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-hz, cr-cu, cr-st. 
 
 6 
 3 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, d-hz. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, d-hz . 
 cn, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz. 
 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 5 
 
 cn, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz, sh-lg-SK 
 ovt, sh-lg-W ... 
 ovt .. 
 cr-cu, hz 
 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 
 8 
 8 
 1 
 
 cn, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st . 
 ovt 
 
 2 
 4 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 ovt 
 
 2 
 5 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 
 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 cn, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 
 3 
 5 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 cn, cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 2 
 
 ovt 
 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 8 
 2 
 
 ovt 
 cr-hz, cr-Bt 
 
 ovt 
 cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 cn, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 cn, hz ... 
 cn, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cr-st, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-st .. 
 cn, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, d-hz 
 
 6 
 3 
 4 
 '4 
 6 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-cn, cr, cr-st. 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, d-hz 
 cr-Bt, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 cn, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, d-hz 
 cr, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 d-cr-hz, cr, cr-cu... 
 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 cn, or-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz, or-st ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, cr-st. 
 cr, fl-cu 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st ... 
 d-cr-hz, cr, er-cu.. 
 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 2 
 6 
 7 
 
 cn, cr-hz 
 cn, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cn, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-st ... 
 cn, cu-st, nim ... 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USID IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLK 
 
 Jo ! 
 ill * i 
 
 a]*! -| i Xl i s 1 i 1 1 1 1 , 1 ' s 1 
 
 : 3.SE2^2-* c$-*2 ^4 S & ^ ^ O *c" 'tf j& "^ fl? *5 r^ ** *" 2 J ,tj ^ cj ~* * 35 W ~t* ** o ^* 2 * 
 ' O 5 00 -& J3 tC ** "& o 1 *TJ o ** 3 "Si "ti ' *^ *^ '** ' ^ ^ 2 "^ "-" ^ > O 
 
 llfegQ^'^^ri^^oii 4 a J JT a A * 1 1 & 1 a i PS t oi g -S -a d 3 J -1 
 
276 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 1 
 
 EEMAEKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JULY, I860 
 
 Date 
 
 JGttingen Mean Time 
 Y00\ 
 
 1 
 X) 
 
 c 
 
 p*> 
 1* 
 
 t-, 
 
 ! 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 I 
 g 
 
 t>> 
 
 ^ 
 
 >, 
 
 I 
 o 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 c 
 
 J? 
 
 
 I 
 
 5 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 >. 
 a 
 - 
 
 c*. 
 
 -3 
 g 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 X 
 
 M 
 
 01 
 
 t- 
 
 T3 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 JCloudyskyin8ths| 
 
 June 30 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-hz, mm 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 t> 
 
 
 
 
 >vt 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 H 
 
 3Vt 
 
 'u, cn-st, cr-hz 
 ;r-cu, cr-hz 
 
 )Vt 
 
 8 
 5 
 5 
 8 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-st, cu-st, hz... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 OTt 
 
 en, cu-st,cr-cu, cr-st. 
 cu, d-cr-hz... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 3 
 7 
 3 
 
 en, cr-ft, cu-st, hz... 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt, It-R ... 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 2 
 8 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, cu-st, hz... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz ... 
 fl-cn 
 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 7 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 5 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 ;u, cu-st, cr-hz 
 ;u, cr-st, cr-hz 
 )vt 
 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 6 
 2 
 
 ;u, cr-hz 
 3r-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 5 
 
 T-st, cr-hz ... 
 "r-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 ?u, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 
 4 
 7 
 3 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-et, hz... 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 
 cu-st, hz 
 en, cu-st, d-hz 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, R 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 cu-st, hz, Ig-NW ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, Ig-SE 
 ovt ... 
 en, cxi-st, d-hz 
 cu, cu-st, Ig-SE ... 
 
 y 
 
 4 
 5 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 
 ny-ovt, Ig-SW 
 eu, hz 
 ovt, Ig.SE 
 ovt, Ig.NW 
 ovt, )t-R, 
 
 7 
 2 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ;u, nim, It-R 
 3n, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 oy-ovt 
 jvt, sh-lg-SE 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 3u, nim 
 2r-cu, cr, cr-hz 
 su, cu-st, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 S 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 ovt 
 
 S 
 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 cu, d-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr, d-hz... 
 cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 
 
 7 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 a 
 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 
 ovt ... 
 en, cr-et, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz-lg-NW. 
 en, cii-st, cr-hz, )g-SW 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz,lg-SW 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,lg-SW 
 
 8 
 3 
 7 
 3 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 )Vt 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cr, d-hz... 
 cu,cr-cu,cr-hz,nim-S 
 cn-st, ci-hz... 
 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st, Ig-NW ... 
 en, cr, d-hz... 
 cu,cr-cu,cr-hz,nim-S 
 cu-st, hz, viv-lg ... 
 
 ovt 
 ovt, It-R, Ig-NW ... 
 ny-ovt, Ig-SW 
 ovt, Ig-SW 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt, fr-lg-E 
 ovt, fr-lg 
 ovt, fr-sh-lg, th 
 
 ovt, It-R [SW 
 
 8 
 5 
 
 ny-ovt ... [SW 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, Ig-S, 
 
 7 
 4 
 7 
 5 
 8 
 6 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-et, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 5 
 4 
 6 
 7 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz, Ig-W 
 
 cu-nt cr-tt, hi,th-Ig-NW, th-NW 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-cu, cr-st, d-hz. 
 
 3 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz, sh-lg-W 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz, Ig-SW 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, hz, nim, Ig-N. 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hl-J 
 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 en, cr-hz, nim, Ig-S. 
 
 6 
 
 g 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, Ig-S, 
 
 cr-cu, eu, cr-hz 
 ovt, It-R, fr-sh-lg-E, th. 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, en-si, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 4 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,nim, Ig 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 C 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. ..f"- E 
 ovt 
 eu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 c 
 
 E 
 
 8 
 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 en, cu-st, d-hz 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 en, ci-st, d-hz 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF AUGUST, 1860 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 cn-st cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz .. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-st, hz... 
 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cn 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 
 7 
 3 
 4 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cu-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 7 
 3 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cu cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 ovt . 
 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 1 
 7 
 5 
 
 cu, cu-st,cr-cu,cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-st,cr-hz 
 
 ' 
 
 ny-ovt, R ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cn-st, 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 6 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt, R ... 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 ovt lg-E 
 
 8 
 
 ovt . 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 en, cr, d-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-eu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, or-st,cr-hz 
 
 
 8 
 .1 
 
 1 
 3 
 8 
 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 clear 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, nim, It-R.. 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 cn-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-cr-hz ... 
 en, cu-st, er ...[SW 
 cu, cu-st, nim, th, Ig- 
 
 2 
 6 
 3 
 6 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, lg-W,N,SE. 
 ovt ... 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-cn, hz.. 
 ny-ovt 
 ny.ovt 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-st, er-hz 
 ovr, ... 
 ny-ovt, Ig-S 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 cn-st, cr-st ... 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 4 
 2 
 4 
 7 
 5 
 
 cn, cn-st, nim 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 en, cu-st 
 cn,cu-st,nim,lg-NW. 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 7 
 3 
 1 
 7 
 7 
 2 
 
 cu, cn-st, d-hz 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st, hz, 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 6 
 1 
 2 
 6 
 6 
 
 
 ovt, Ig-NW 
 cu, hz 
 cu, hz, nim 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 clear 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 4 
 7 
 7 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr, d-hz... 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr, d-hz... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ca, hz 
 clear 
 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cu, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu-st, cr-st hz 
 cu, cr-st, cu-st, hz ... 
 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, ... [NW. 
 cu, cr-st, hz, sh-lg- 
 en, cr-st, d-hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz,lg-S. 
 en, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr-stjbz, sh-lg-W. 
 
 1 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 ny -clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr-st, Ig-W 
 en, hz, Ig-S... 
 cu, hz, Ig-SW 
 cu,cr-st,hz,sh-lg-SW 
 
 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 cu, cr, cr.at, cr-hi, fr-lg-SW 
 
 en, cr-st, hz, Ig-W... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 7 
 6 
 
 en, cr-cn, cr-hz, 
 cr-st,' cr-hz, en 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz, nim,dis-th 
 ny-ovt, Ig, 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu,cr-hz,lg 
 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz, cu 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cn, hz, lg-E.. 
 ovt, Ig 
 ovt, Ig 
 
 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, th-S ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st,hz,]g-SW 
 
 cu-st, cr-hi. Him, th, Ig-NW 
 
 cu-st, er-st, hz, Ig-N. 
 en, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz, hl>3 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 en, cu-st 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hi! 
 cr, cr-hz,cr-st,lg-SW 
 cu, cr-st, hz,nim ... 
 ny-ovt, It-R 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz,lg-S 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 -J 
 
 * ' ! S 1 
 
 US i f 
 
 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1! I N 1 1 1 1 * 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ri i 
 
 S "3 '5 Sro-a^-o i <8 <8 5>,a,a,e,a.2;3;s 5 a a a o o ftp, C S If 5 > '> 
 
 1i|gri^-|^w^S. : 4:si 1 3|j3^ : ^l^'3S'gS,uto2S-S-s5lg > :-?^ 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 277 
 
 REMARKS ON* THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JULY 1860 
 
 
 
 at 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 & 
 
 s 
 >1 
 
 14 
 
 ji 
 a; 
 
 >> 
 ^ 
 
 a* 
 >i 
 T3 
 
 a 
 _o 
 
 O 
 
 IO 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 ^A 
 CO 
 
 >! 
 
 -3 
 
 | 
 
 O 
 
 18 
 
 So 
 
 
 
 >. 
 
 - 
 
 !, 
 
 1 
 O 
 
 30 
 
 i 
 
 a 
 
 j? 
 
 >, 
 
 T3 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 33 
 
 CO 
 
 s 
 'i*, 
 
 ^A 
 
 k 
 O 
 
 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 >> 
 
 _o 
 O 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 30 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 e 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 
 IO 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1137 
 112-2 
 
 105-7 
 107-3 
 1127 
 111-7 
 117-5 
 1157 
 110-5 
 
 111-5 
 103-7 
 103-0 
 104-0 
 113-0 
 105-7 
 108-2 
 120-6 
 117-2 
 120-0 
 112-7 
 1137 
 118-2 
 1137 
 111-3 
 111-8 
 109-5 
 111-7 
 107-5 
 110-4 
 1039 
 11V9 
 
 ~- 
 
 01-7 
 01-2 
 98-9 
 97-6 
 008 
 
 oi-o 
 
 03-1 
 02-9 
 99-3 
 97-9 
 98-6 
 96-6 
 93-7 
 95-1 
 99'0 
 95'5 
 947 
 LOO-5 
 94-6 
 97-1 
 95-9 
 96-2 
 
 OfJ.A 
 
 81-6 
 83-0 
 84-3 
 82-8 
 80-5 
 83-3 
 83-8 
 84-8 
 81-1 
 78-3 
 81-2 
 82-1 
 76-9 
 79-3 
 77-0 
 81-0 
 83-2 
 82-8 
 78-5 
 74-9 
 76-5 
 76-2 
 78-5 
 78-9 
 78-1 
 80-6 
 78-9 
 79-2 
 82-0 
 81-4 
 80-5 
 81-0 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 or-cn, or-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 on, ou-st, cr-hz. 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 5 
 4 
 8 
 6 
 ;i 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz .. 
 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 8 
 6 
 4 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 7 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cn-st, d-cr-hz.. 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st 
 d-cr-hz, cr-cn 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-st. 
 d-cr-hz, cr-cn 
 cu, eu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 7 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 cr-st, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz . 
 ovt 
 cr, cr-st, d-cr-hz 
 ny-ovt ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st 
 ny-ovt 
 cr-cn, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st 
 ny-ovt, ... 
 cr-cn, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st 
 cu, cr-cu, d-cr-hz.. 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt . 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, nim... 
 ovt, sh-lg-NE... 
 ovt 
 ovt, sh-lg-SE ... 
 
 8 
 H 
 
 <; 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 ovt 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 5 
 8 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 ovt. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, d-hz 
 
 7 
 5 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 
 ovt 
 cr-st, d-cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, d-hz 
 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 
 
 cr-st, d-cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 cr-cn, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 cr-ou, or-hz 
 
 6 
 4 
 8 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 en, d-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 eu, cr, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr 
 ovt 
 cu, cr 
 ovt 
 cu, cr- 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 5 
 7 
 3 
 8 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 G 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 ovt 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 
 5 
 4 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 6 
 
 er-st, cr-hz, cu ... 
 cu. cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cr-hz, en, 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 8 
 3 
 7 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 C 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 
 cr-hz ... 
 cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-hz.. 
 
 5 
 8 
 5 
 8 
 6 
 
 cu,cr, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz . 
 
 95-2 
 97-6 
 99-6 
 98-1 
 94-5 
 955 
 98-6 
 94-5 
 99-1 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr hz., 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 on, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 fi 
 
 cu, cr at, cr-hz.. 
 ovt 
 on. ou-st, cr-hz. 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 ovt 
 or. cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 cu, d-hz ... 
 ovt 
 or, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 8 
 4 
 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 ovt 
 ou, er, d-hz 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, d-hz. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz .. 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF AUGUST 1860 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 to 
 
 11 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 
 18 
 19 
 
 IO 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 o 
 
 31 
 
 ovt 
 uy-ovt... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz .. 
 cu, cr-cu. d-cr-hz. . 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz. 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 5 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 8 
 4 
 
 d-cr-hz, cu 
 cu, cr, d-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr, cr-h2 
 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 
 d-cr-hz, en 
 en, cr, d-hz 
 en, cr-cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 
 d-cr-hz, cu 
 cu, ou-et, cr-st, hz. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 
 101-1 
 
 108-4 
 111-7 
 ll-fZ 
 1154 
 108-6 
 110-8 
 115-4 
 1228 
 109-5 
 112-5 
 103-1 
 115-5 
 120-4 
 1117 
 ovt. 
 106-3 
 112-0 
 1082 
 114-7 
 111-5 
 114-4 
 1205 
 113-8 
 1207 
 110-9 
 115-5 
 115-1 
 107-7 
 1127 
 101-5 
 
 
 95-0 
 97-7 
 98-8 
 98-7 
 98-4 
 97'S 
 98-6 
 100-S 
 95-i 
 95-( 
 96-C 
 941 
 
 97-e 
 
 97'E 
 
 ore 
 
 88-f 
 89-c 
 91-E 
 92- 
 93-4 
 3' 
 92-E 
 94'E 
 94-^ 
 95-( 
 89'S 
 94-' 
 95- 1 ! 
 93'( 
 92-' 
 
 92-; 
 
 80-5 
 82-8 
 82-5 
 81-5 
 80-4 
 80-4 
 81-1 
 79-1 
 80-8 
 l 79-0 
 t 78-1 
 79-0 
 >78-l 
 79-2 
 1 78-3 
 .77-1 
 75-0 
 77'2 
 78-0 
 79-3 
 180-5 
 79-9 
 80-0 
 I 80-6 
 ) 79-0 
 817 
 78-3 
 77-1 
 )77-6 
 ' 771 
 !76-0 
 
 CU, CU-M 
 
 ny-ov 
 cr-st, 
 clear 
 cr-cu. 
 ny-ov 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hi ... 
 t 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 cr, cr-st, d-hz... 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 7 
 1 
 4 
 8 
 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 It-cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 ovt 
 
 4 
 6 
 7 
 2 
 4 
 8 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz .. 
 It-cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 2 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr, d-hz. 
 cr, d-hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz ... 
 
 5 
 7 
 5 
 3 
 4 
 7 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-et, cr, d-hz. 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz. 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 d-cr-hz... 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 c,lg-E ... 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 cr-cn, cr,d-cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr, cr-hz . 
 
 ovt 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 ovt 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-lu, lg-3 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt.lg-S 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 4 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cr-st. cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 ovt 
 ovt, It-R 
 ny-ovt... 
 
 6 
 7 
 5 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 
 cr, d-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr, d-hz 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 cr, d-hz ... 
 
 7 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 7 
 6 
 2 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 
 cu-st, cr-cn, cr-hz 
 d-cr-hz 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr, cr-hz 
 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 
 cr-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 2 
 6 
 8 
 6 
 
 cr-st, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 fl-cu, cr, cr-hz .. 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 cu-et, cr-st, hz .. 
 
 cu, cr-hz, Ig-SW 
 cu, cr-st, hz, Ig. 
 cu, cr, d-hz 
 clear ... 
 cu, hz ... 
 cu, hz, Ig-NW .. 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, d-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 ny-clear 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz .. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu ... .., 
 or, cr-cu, hz 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 
 sc-fl-cu, cr 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz .. 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr 
 cu, cr-st, cr hz .. 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz .. 
 
 2 
 5 
 
 7 
 2 
 5 
 5 
 
 ec-fl-cn, cr 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, cr-h2 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 4 
 7 
 3 
 4 
 4 
 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz .. 
 cu-st, cr, cr-hz. th-\\ 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. th-'W 
 
 3 
 5 
 7 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 
 en, cr, cr-hz, ig-S 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz ' ... 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr*hi, mm, lg-r, 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 4 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cr,cr,hz, nim-S 
 cr-cn, hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 4 
 2 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt, dis-th-E 
 cr-cn, hz ... ... 
 en, cr-et, hz 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt .. ... 
 
 8 
 2 
 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 sc-cn, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 ovt 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz .. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz .. 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 5 
 8 
 
 e 
 
 6 
 
 cu, cr, cr-st, hz .. 
 
 ru, cu-st, nim, hj-R, fr.th .. 
 
 cr, er-st, hz 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz .. 
 cu, cr-hz, nim .. 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz .. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz .. 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, ha 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz .. 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 EXPLAXATIOX OP SYMBOLS 
 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE. 
 
 & *"3 
 O ' 
 
 '3 3 S. 
 o R ^ " 
 o S 
 
 ! | & 
 
 Sill . 1 1 1 * I 1 6 1 S | g ill | 1 1 | 
 
 il:HJ!l|^!MEI!im 
 
 11 sgo^^iw^a S-s|j^>dl;l&1 aisioi i 4 ^ 5 '>? 
 
 ^k 
 
 OF THE >. 
 
 I UNIVERSITY 
 
 ' 
 
278 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 1860 
 
 Date 
 
 Gottingen Mean Time 
 NOON 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 3 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8the 
 
 4 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8thf 
 
 G 
 
 1 
 .S 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 8 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 10 
 
 c 
 l 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 IS 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz, nim. 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st, nim, Ig-SB, W 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st,nim, Ig,th-NW 
 
 B 
 
 ovt, fr-lg, th, It-R... 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 t 
 
 8 
 
 "s 
 
 
 2 
 8 
 8 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 en, cr, d-hz... 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 eu, cu-st, d-hz, Ig-NW 
 en, cu-st,er-hz, Ig-SW 
 eu, cr, d-hz... 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 
 ny-ovt, It-R 
 
 7 
 
 s 
 
 en, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 
 8 
 G 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 er-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt ... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu-st, d-hz ... 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,nim,lg 
 en, cn-st, hz 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 5 
 
 1 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 ovt ... 
 en, cr-hz ... [SW 
 cu, cr-hz, nim, sh-lg- 
 eu, cu-st, hz 
 
 8 
 4 
 3 
 6 
 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ovt, R 
 
 en, cr-hz, nim, sh-lg-N 
 cu, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, hz 
 ovt, sh-lg-SW 
 ovt, sh-lg-SE 
 cu, nim, sh-lg-E ... 
 
 6 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 2 
 
 [SW- 
 cu, cr-hz, nim, sh-lg- 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cu 
 ovt, sh-lg-SW 
 ovt ... 
 en, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 ovt, R, th-NW 
 on, cr, cr-hz 
 cu-st, er-st, hz 
 
 5 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt ..: 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 4 
 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 7 
 2 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 ovt, fr-lg, th 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 
 8 
 3 
 6 
 
 ovt, fr-lg, It-R [SW 
 cu, cu-st, nim, sh-lg, 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, Ig-E 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 en, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz, r-b ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 7 
 
 s 
 i 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 ovt, R 
 ovt, Ig 
 cu, cu-st, hz,nim,lt-R 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, Ig-E 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st, hz, It-R ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 2 
 5 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr 
 cu, cr-cn, hz, hl-3)... 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-hz ..; 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, uim. 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 ovt . 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 S 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 ovt, R 
 cu, cu-st 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz, lg-N. 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt, If,', th 
 ovt 
 
 cu, cr-st, hl-3 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 8 
 2 
 5 
 
 d-cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 
 ovt ... 
 cu-st 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 8 
 2 
 2 
 
 ovt 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cn, hz ... 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz... 
 er-cu, er-hz 
 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 
 ovt, )t-R 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1860 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 eu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz 
 cu,cu-st,hz,nim-NW. 
 eu, cr-st 
 en, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st 
 
 e 
 
 6 
 4 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 
 cu-st, hz, lg-S 
 cu, cr-st, hz, Ig-SW.. 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-st, Ig-NW ... 
 en, Ig-NW 
 cu-hor, Ig-NW 
 
 4 
 5 
 2 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 cu,cr-st,cr-hz,lg-NW 
 ny-clear, Ig-NW ... 
 ny-clear 
 cu-hor, Ig-NW 
 
 s 
 5 
 8 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st 
 cu, cr-cn, hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz, Ig-SW 
 ny-clear, Ig-NW ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu-hor, Ig-NW 
 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 
 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cr-cu, cr-hz... 
 ou, hz 
 cu-hz, lg-N... 
 
 4 
 7 
 3 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 8 
 7 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-Jiz 
 cr-cu, hz 
 cu-hor 
 cu, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt . 
 
 5 
 2 
 3 
 
 2 
 7 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st 
 cu, cu-st 
 eu, cr-st, hz 
 
 6 
 1 
 1 
 4 
 1 
 3 
 
 eu, cn-st, hz, Ig-NW. 
 ny-clear, Ig-SW ... 
 cu-st, cr-st ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st 
 cu, cu-Bt, Ig-SW ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cn-st, hz... 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, nim, It-R 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 I 
 
 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... ... 
 
 9 
 
 en, hz 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-ovt, It-R 
 fl-cu, cn-st, nim ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 
 
 7 
 5 
 2 
 
 cn-hor 
 cu, hz 
 ovt, R 
 ny-ovt 
 
 
 
 
 ovt, R, sh-lg-NW,th. 
 cu, cr-hz, It-R 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 6 
 B 
 
 ovt, sh-lg-N 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... [N 
 
 8 
 6 
 2 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr-et, hz 
 ovt, It-R 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-cn, hz... 
 ovt, R, dis-th 
 
 5 
 4 
 8 
 4 
 5 
 8 
 
 en, cr-st, sh-lg-W ... 
 ou, cr-st, hz 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz,.. 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 2 
 2 
 8 
 3 
 
 4 
 8 
 
 cu, cr 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, Ig-W 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt, R 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 6 
 
 s 
 8 
 6 
 
 ovt, R, th, Ig-NW ... 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt,E,fr-viv-lg-E, N.th- 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 
 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 ovt, It-R, Ig 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 
 ovt, R, th-SW 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 8 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 
 3 
 5 
 2 
 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-et, hz 
 en, cr-st, hl- 
 cu, cr-st, hl-3) 
 en, cr-st, d-hz, hl>3.. 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 4 
 2 
 6 
 6 
 
 ovt, Ig-E ... 
 ovt, Ig-SB 
 fl-cn, cr-hz .. 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz, hl-7... j 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz, hl-3-. i 
 
 s 
 s 
 (i 
 
 I! 
 
 7 
 
 ovt, Ig-E 
 oyt, Ig-SE ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 eu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz, hI-3... 
 d-cr-hz, hl-3 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 ny-clear 
 
 8 
 8 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 8 
 
 "2 
 
 4 
 
 
 ovt, It-R, Ig-SW ... 
 ovt ... 
 cu, hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 S 
 8 
 3 
 6 
 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 cr-st. cr-hz... 
 en, hz 
 ny-clear 
 clear, D 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 cr-st, dr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear 
 clear, D 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 cu, hz 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 en, hz 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-st, hz .. 
 ny-clear 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 
 EXPLANATION OP SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 a 3 
 
 8 1 
 
 'So a 
 
 ill 1 
 
 u o <3 ? 
 fc b o -a . . - " ft fc "S 
 o 3 .- 9 n-< 8 b fr o o, o 
 
 1 1 1 j 1 1 Jr * 1 1 1 1 f i 1 i 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 3 1 1 1 r 1 1 
 
 <?'3-3'u-'3'<3-.2ie ^ ,8 wl 3 ,3 .S sa f ii ^ a 5 5 ft . % *. B B g . .-*. >. * * 
 
 T3 rrt O."-, ^'I.J!' ^ *'" . S . ' -*^ r : ! ' t> 
 ^-2^3_ ' .9 . M .U L, > 5 -3 bo -t 3 ^ = > ^ R HL C J m & $ *> A -~ fa- 
 rt o o o W T3 ^ *3 K cr 52 <G e* to JB( Ji A Jfl fS ;i C << C S O cP'Q* tL ' ** V2 oo at a) -t-< -J > s* [> 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 279 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 1860 
 
 o 
 
 
 O 
 
 13 
 
 & 
 
 _a 
 
 >, 
 
 ^ 
 
 X 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 O 
 
 14 
 
 I 
 
 .5 
 f 
 
 ^ 
 
 >, 
 
 T3 
 
 S 
 
 o 
 
 S 
 
 10 
 
 00 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 >. 
 
 'w 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 18 
 
 ^3 
 
 00 
 S*i 
 
 ^e 
 m 
 >, 
 
 T3 
 
 | 
 
 O 
 
 2O 
 
 1 
 
 _a 
 
 >> 
 .^ 
 
 >i 
 
 ns 
 | 
 6 
 
 as 
 
 J5 
 00 
 S 
 
 
 
 % 
 
 X 
 T3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. Min. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 
 no 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 SO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 103-7 
 ovt. 
 101-5 
 108-2 
 100-9 
 105-0 
 110-5 
 113-3 
 117-9 
 118-7 
 119-0 
 104-9 
 112-5 
 110-5 
 100-6 
 103-6 
 108-6 
 106-7 
 120-1 
 122-7 
 121-7 
 119-5 
 104-5 
 115-8 
 ovt. 
 106-9 
 118-4 
 112-3 
 126-6 
 120-5 
 
 z 
 
 92-1 
 89-5 
 92-3 
 94-7 
 92-2 
 94-6 
 90-2 
 93-1 
 93-4 
 95-2 
 95-5 
 94-3 
 93-5 
 94-8 
 91-9 
 89-4 
 90-3 
 90-6 
 92-7 
 93-0 
 94-0 
 93-3 
 90-9 
 89-2 
 85-2 
 90-5 
 91-1 
 92-4 
 93-2 
 95-5 
 
 77-0 
 
 80-1 
 78-8 
 78-0 
 79-4 
 79-2 
 80-4 
 77-2 
 78-5 
 77-C 
 80-0 
 78-7 
 74-7 
 78-3 
 79-5 
 77-4 
 76-7 
 77-0 
 77-3 
 77-9 
 77-1 
 80-4 
 78-0 
 79-5 
 75-0 
 75-8 
 76-8 
 77-9 
 79-3 
 79-2 
 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt... 
 en, cr-st, hz ... 
 ovt 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 7 
 5 
 8 
 7 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, d-hz.. 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 4 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 cr, d-cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 cr, d-cr-hz, cu ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 ovt 
 en, cu-st, d-hz ... 
 er-cn, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, d-hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 8 
 6 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-st,hz. 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 en, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, d-hz 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 ovt 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 clear ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt, Ig-S 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz... 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, hz ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 clear ... 
 
 6 
 3 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 8 
 3 
 3 
 8 
 3 
 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 sc-cu 
 
 6 
 1 
 
 4 
 8 
 3 
 2 
 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 sc-cu, cn-st 
 
 6 
 3 
 7 
 8 
 3 
 5 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st hz 
 ovt,th-NW 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz. 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 clear ... 
 cu, hz ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt It-R ... 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 1 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 ny-ovt 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 
 ovt 
 
 ny-ovt 
 
 8 
 7 
 2 
 
 ovt 
 
 ny-ovt 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 5 
 2 
 4 
 
 ovt 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz' 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 
 en, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt, Ijc-SE... 
 ovt, Ig-SE 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt, Ig-SE 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 8 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 ny-ovt.. 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 4 
 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 f, 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 fi 
 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 2 
 
 cu,cn-st,cr-st,d-hz 
 en, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 
 hy-cu, hi, nim, dii-th-KW ... 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 2 
 
 en, cr-hz... 
 cu, hz 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cn-st 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr,cr-hz. 
 
 6 
 
 cr-cu, cr-st, cr-hz. 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 
 ovt, hy-R, th 
 
 8 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOE THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1860 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 
 o 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-hz, cr-st, cu.. 
 cu, hz ... 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hl, eh-lg-NW ... 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 
 6 
 6 
 2 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 sc-cu 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-cu ... 
 sc-cu 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 6 
 2 
 5 
 3 
 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-cu ... 
 sc-cu, cu-st 
 cu-hor 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu-st, cr-st 
 en, cr-st ... 
 cu, cr-st ... 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 124-7 
 120-3 
 116-4 
 108-6 
 107-0 
 116-5 
 1177 
 115-8 
 114-4 
 103-5 
 110-9 
 110-9 
 111-5 
 104-7 
 113-7 
 113-3 
 112-8 
 105-1 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 107-5 
 108-7 
 112-6 
 111-4 
 114-0 
 121-8 
 112-3 
 114-5 
 117-5 
 110-7 
 
 
 
 91-8 
 91-3 
 90-4 
 89-4 
 90-5 
 88'7 
 91-4 
 89-0 
 88-5 
 88-6 
 86-1 
 87.3 
 87-0 
 86-7 
 86-5 
 86-6 
 87-8 
 84-8 
 81-6 
 77-9 
 76-8 
 83-2 
 84-7 
 86-6 
 87-1 
 86-8 
 86-5 
 88-3 
 89-1 
 87-9 
 86-2 
 
 77-9 
 80-0 
 77-7 
 78-1 
 78-1 
 79-1 
 78-2 
 76-2 
 75-1 
 77-2 
 75-3 
 77-5 
 77-3 
 76-7 
 77-0 
 77-1 
 76-1 
 74-1 
 75-3 
 73-5 
 72-6 
 71-4 
 76-0 
 76-4 
 77-1 
 75-8 
 74-0 
 73-0 
 76-5 
 75-1 
 71-4 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 clear ... 
 
 cu, cr-hz,nim, It-R 
 en, cr-hz 
 hy-cu, nim 
 
 ovt, sh-lg-N ... 
 cu, cu-st, nim... 
 ny-ovt, It-R ... 
 ovt 
 Ovt 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 ovt, It-R, dis-th 
 ovt, R, sh-lg-N. 
 ovt, It-R 
 en, cu-gt, nim... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, hz ... 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz, g-fg... 
 cu, cr-hz, g-fg ... 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 
 5 
 4 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz, 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hl, nim 
 
 clear 
 
 cu, ci, cr-hl, nim-W, It-R 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, nim .. 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 5 
 2 
 5 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, hz 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 sc-en 
 en, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu,cu-st,cr-hz,lt-R 
 cu,eu-st, cr-hz, It-R 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr-st ... 
 en, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 hy-cu, nim,th-NW 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st ... 
 sc-cu 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 3 
 3 
 
 4 
 1 
 3 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hi, Dim 
 
 ovt, R 
 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 7 
 S 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 ovt, It-R, dis-th... 
 cu, hz 
 ovt 
 ovt, It-R ... 
 
 5 
 8 
 3 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, nim 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ovt,lt-R 
 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 cu, cr-st ... 
 en, cn-st, nim ... 
 cu, cn-8t, cr-hz ... 
 en, cr, cr-hz, 
 ovt 
 
 8 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, nim ... 
 cu, cu-st, nim ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 
 ovt, 
 
 8 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 ovt, It-R, fr-th, lg. 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-hz, nim .. 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 4 
 4 
 
 ovt, 'dis-th 
 ovt 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 8 
 6 
 4 
 5 
 5 
 
 ovt, R 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu; cr, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 
 ovt, R, th 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, nim. 
 hy-cu, cu-st, cr-hz .. 
 fl.cu, cu-st 
 fl-cu 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 
 ovt, R, th-NW ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz 
 en, cn-st, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hl, g-fg ... 
 
 cr, cr-st,.cr-hz,D 
 cr, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 6 
 3 
 1 
 
 cr, cr-hz .. 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear 
 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 
 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-st, cu 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 cr-st, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cr-cn; cr-hz 
 cu, cr 
 sc-cu 
 
 3 
 4 
 2 
 1 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 2 
 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 g -a 
 '1 
 
 A o a 
 >> 3 -3 3. 
 
 " o 8 S 
 
 ill i s 
 
 111 jil| liiilJl^llilillllllliiillllliil! 
 
 v 1 4 H & J jj ^ * 3 1 2 s' ^ I fc 1 & i 1 S, I tf "i oJ ^ -S -g' 5 3 t * 
 
280 
 
 MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF NOVEMBER 1860 
 
 Date 
 
 Gb'ttingen Mean Time 
 \00\ 
 
 Cloudy sky inSthp 
 
 3 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 4 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8th.- 
 
 
 
 Cloudy sky in Still-' 
 
 8 
 
 Cloudy sky in StJis 
 
 1O 
 
 i 
 
 "cT 
 
 t*. 
 
 O 
 
 B 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 90 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 clear 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 eu, cr-st 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 clear 
 cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 clear 
 cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st, D ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 1 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 elear, D 
 clear, D 
 
 
 
 
 cr, cr-hz, D... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz... 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 
 5 
 6 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 
 cu, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 5 
 6 
 3 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 cu, d-hz 
 en, cr-st, d-hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 6 
 3 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, hz 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz 
 
 2 
 5 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 clear 
 ny-ovt 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 clear 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 6 
 3 
 4 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr, cr-st, cr-hz... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz .. 
 
 
 6 
 7 
 4 
 7 
 3 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz .,. 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 ny-clear 
 ovt ... 
 
 
 8 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 ovt ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, or-hz, D... 
 cu, cr-st, D... 
 
 
 8 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 
 en, cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cr, cr-st 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cr, cr-st, cr-hz... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, D .. 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, D 
 
 clear 
 ny-elear 
 clear, D 
 eu, er, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 1 
 6 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu-hz, D 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, D 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 ny-clear, D... 
 ny-elear 
 clear, D ... ... 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 uy-ovt 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 7 
 2 
 
 en, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 2 
 7 
 3 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 7 
 3 
 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 4 
 5 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 sc-cu, cn-st... 
 ovt, R 
 en, cn-st, mm 
 en, cu-st 
 
 
 
 2 
 8 
 6 
 3 
 
 clear 
 en, cu-st 
 eu, cr 
 cu, cu-st 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 8 
 8 
 
 elear 
 fl-cu... 
 clear 
 cu, cu-st 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, cn-at, hz... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st, hz... 
 ovt ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 
 en, hz 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 en; hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st, d-hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 cu, hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st ... ;.. 
 eu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 
 
 2 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 8 
 
 ovt 
 
 EEMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF DECEMBER 1860 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 6 
 
 cu, er-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 4 
 8 
 2 
 8 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 f. 
 3 
 7 
 3 
 8 
 8 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-cu 
 cu, er-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 en, cu-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 a 
 
 sc-cu, hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz, D 
 ovc ... 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 ovt 
 ovt ... 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 ovt ... 
 ovt, It-R 
 
 ovt ... 
 
 8 
 
 ovt ... ... ... 
 
 cu-st, cu 
 cu-hor 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 1 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 
 cu, liz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 e 
 t 
 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 
 en, cn-st, cr-cu, hz... 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, er-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-st, d-hz. 
 ny-ovt 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 cu, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 5 
 
 cu, hz 
 en, cr-st, d-hz 
 en, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 en, hz 
 en, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, d-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 cu, hz, nim... 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-ou, d-hz ... 
 
 2 
 6 
 8 
 4 
 2 
 1 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 5 
 5 
 7 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 8 
 5 
 6 
 4 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz... 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 .4 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-eu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr-st, hz, hl-3... 
 cu, cr-st, hz, hl-3... 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, cr, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz, hl-3... 
 cr-st, cr-hz... 
 fl-cu, It-hz 
 
 ' i 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st. cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, hz, D 
 ovt ... 
 cu, cr-hz, D 
 en, hz, D 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 2 
 8 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu, d-hz, cr-st 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 en, cu-st, hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz 
 fl-cn 
 sc-cn, cr-hz... 
 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, er-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, hz ... ... 
 fl-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu, hz 
 sc-cu, hz ... ,.\ 
 
 3 
 3 
 1 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, hz ... ... 
 fl-cu, cu-Bt ... 
 cu, hz 
 sc-cu, hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, hz 
 on, hz 
 sc-cu, hz 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 fl-cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 fl-cn, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cn-st 
 
 3 
 
 en, cu-st 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 EXPLANATION OP SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVK 
 TABLE 
 
 3 "3 
 8 | 
 'So ft 
 t> tt m 
 "S o | S. 
 
 i -6 g 1 
 
 fc 13 -t. SO rtf -w & fe '5' 
 T3 . -p 2 8 W C * = t, a > L. _ 
 
 s 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 ! t i ! 1 1 i i i 1 1 ! 1 f f f t f 1 1 1 1 1 f 1 1 1 f i 
 
 13 s g : : ^I^H^^ : Jj * a J J ai .* *1 1 ! 1 & 1 i i : 1: oi i 4 4 I '4 i -i * 
 
MADRAS, I860 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 281 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF NOVEMBER, 1860 
 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 >. 
 
 M 
 
 00 
 
 1 
 
 JD 
 
 5 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 c 
 
 5 
 
 t-> 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 ie 
 
 1 
 
 .a 
 I" 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 .1 
 
 Sf 
 
 CO 
 
 l 
 
 o 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 1 
 _a 
 ; 
 
 g 
 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 | 
 O 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 i 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 clear, D 
 clear ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 ny -clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 sc-cu 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 cr 
 sc-cu 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 cr... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 105-5 
 109-4 
 107-2 
 107-5 
 97-9 
 104-3 
 103-7 
 109-2 
 109-4 
 106-0 
 106-5 
 108-3 
 105-3 
 96-5 
 97-8 
 106-2 
 116-5 
 116-0 
 112-8 
 112-2 
 114-7 
 101-5 
 108-0 
 1105 
 107-7 
 106-8 
 107-0 
 103-3 
 102-0 
 106-1 
 
 
 
 85-4 
 
 84-5 
 85-3 
 84-3 
 83-1 
 84-4 
 84-0 
 86-0 
 85-7 
 82-5 
 84-9 
 84-7 
 84-6 
 82-2 
 82-8 
 84-8 
 86-8 
 87-0 
 86-8 
 84-9 
 86-2 
 83-9 
 84-0 
 83-9 
 82-7 
 82-5 
 83-5 
 82-5 
 80-8 
 82-6 
 
 38-4 
 71-1 
 70-0 
 70-6 
 72-4 
 71-5 
 69-7 
 68-1 
 666 
 70-4 
 71-7 
 72-7 
 75-4 
 73-8 
 66-9 
 63-5 
 66-2 
 69-1 
 71-1 
 72-4 
 72-7 
 74-0 
 730 
 73-4 
 71-7 
 73-3 
 77-0 
 71-7 
 73-6 
 74-1 
 
 cr, cr-hz, D ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, D.. 
 
 ct^cr-stjCr-hZjhl-^' 
 cr-st, cr-hz, D... 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 6 
 4 
 
 
 
 or, cr-st, cr-hz .. 
 ny-ovt 
 cr, d-er-hz 
 er-st, cr-hz 
 clear ... 
 cr, cr-st 
 
 4 
 7 
 6 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cn, d-cr-hz 
 or, d-cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 
 3 
 6 
 5 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, d-cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, cr-st 
 cu-hor, 
 clear ... .. 
 cr-cu, cr-st 
 
 2 
 6 
 3 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-st, or-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, d-cr-hz.. 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, cr-st. 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 6 
 6 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st,hz. 
 eu, cr-st, d-cr-hz .. 
 cn, cr-cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear ... 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 en, hz ... 
 cu-hor... 
 en, cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz 
 cu, hz, D 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, D... 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 
 en, cr 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz.. 
 eu, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, D.. 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 er-eu, cr-hz, cr-st. 
 ovt ... ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 2 
 6 
 8 
 5 
 6 
 
 sc-cu 
 fl-cu, cn-st, hz .. 
 cu, cr-hz, cr-st .. 
 ovt 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz .. 
 
 2 
 5 
 6 
 8 
 6 
 6 
 
 sc-cu 
 sc-cu, cr-st 
 fl-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 or-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, or-hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 sc-cu 
 sc-cn, cr-st, eu-Bt. 
 cn, cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 en, cr-hz, D ... 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz ... 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz . 
 cu, hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 2 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu-hor... 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hi, nim ... 
 
 cn, cu-st, cr-hz.. 
 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 6 
 3 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 ny-clear ... 
 sc-cu, hz... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 
 cu, cu-nt, <T-hi, nim, R ... 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 fl-cu, cu-st, nim.. 
 cu, cu-st, cr 
 cn, cu-st ... 
 sc-cu, cn-st 
 
 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 3 
 
 clear 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 3 
 2 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st ... 
 ny-clear ... 
 cn, cr-st, hz 
 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 7 
 3 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 3 
 
 cu-st, cr-st, hz ... 
 
 clear ... 
 fl-eu 
 clear ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt, R 
 ovt 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu 
 cn,cu-st,nim,r-b 
 cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 1 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st, nim ... 
 en, cr-st 
 cu, cr, cr-st, hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cn, cr, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 
 c 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cn, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz, nim .. 
 hy-cu, cu-st, nim 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz .. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 7 
 7 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cn, cr-hz, nim ... 
 ny-ovt, It-R 
 ny-ovt, R 
 
 3 
 5 
 5 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 on, hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu cr-hz, nim ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st ... 
 ny-ovt ... 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF DECEMBER, 1860 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 103-5 
 103-7 
 103-5 
 103-9 
 103-7 
 ovt. 
 ovt. 
 107-0 
 103-8 
 103-9 
 104-6 
 105-5 
 105-2 
 101-7 
 107-7 
 103-5 
 103-8 
 1009 
 108-4 
 105-3 
 104-5 
 107-5 
 106-5 
 108-5 
 108-8 
 104-3 
 105-5 
 104-5 
 1055 
 105-7 
 108-6 
 
 
 
 80-7 
 81-7 
 81-8 
 82-0 
 81-3 
 81-7 
 82-5 
 82-7 
 81-5 
 82-0 
 81-4 
 81-8 
 81-4 
 80-8 
 81-8 
 80-7 
 813 
 81-0 
 82-0 
 81-2 
 81-4 
 79-2 
 80-7 
 80-8 
 80-7 
 f-0-2 
 80-9 
 81-0 
 79-4 
 80-6 
 79-7 
 
 70-6 
 69-6 
 71-2 
 71-4 
 69-5 
 73-7 
 74-2 
 75-1 
 75-9 
 71-6 
 69-2 
 70-4 
 70-0 
 70-5 
 72-2 
 75-1 
 70-2 
 75-4 
 73-1 
 70-1 
 69-5 
 68-6 
 69-2 
 69-3 
 71-9 
 68-3 
 68-1 
 70-2 
 70-2 
 75-0 
 69-1 
 
 cu, cr-hz, D ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 ny-ovt... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 4 
 5 
 7 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, cr, er-st, hz. 
 cu, cu-st, hz ... 
 ny-ovt... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-st.. 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 7 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr,'.hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz.... 
 cn, cr, cr-hz 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 6 
 3 
 4 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 
 cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-hz ... 
 ovt, It-R 
 ovt 
 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 
 cn, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, cr 
 cr, cr-st, cu' 
 hy-cu 
 ovt 
 ovt 
 
 5 
 4 
 2 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cn, cr-st, hz 
 cn, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-st ... 
 hy-ou, hz ... 
 ovt 
 ovt ... 
 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 cu, hz ... 
 en, cr-hz 
 ny-clear, D 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz, D ... 
 ny-clear 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 
 eu, hz ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cn, cr-cu, cr-hz. 
 cu, hz ... 
 
 2 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, hz 
 It-cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz.... 
 cu, cr-ou, cr-hz.... 
 cu, or-hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cr-st, cr 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 fl-cu 
 cu, cr-cu,' cr-hz ... 
 
 OVtj 
 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 8 
 
 cu, cn-st 
 sc-cn, cr ... 
 fl-cn 
 fl-cu 
 cn, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 
 6 
 6 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 sc-cu, cr ... ... 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu, cr ... ... 
 cu,cr, cr-hz 
 cn, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 6 
 6 
 
 eu, c 
 cr-ci 
 ny-o 
 cu, c 
 cu, c 
 en, h 
 
 r-hz 
 , d-hz 
 vt 
 r-cn, cr-hz. 
 r-hz 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 7 
 5 
 3 
 
 a 
 
 cn, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cn, d-hz... 
 ovt 
 cu, cr-ou, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr, d-hz 
 cu, hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 7 
 6 
 4 
 2 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-cn, cr-hz.... 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz.... 
 cn, cr-hz... 
 cu, hz 
 
 4 
 5 
 7 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, er-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cn, hz ... 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cn, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st... 
 
 6 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 6 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cn, cr-st, hz 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 7 
 5 
 6 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cr-cu, hz, D 
 ny-ovt... 
 cu, cr-hz, D ... 
 cu, hz, D 
 cr-cu,cn, cr-hz, D. 
 
 4 
 2 
 7 
 3 
 2 
 4 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cn, cn-st, nim... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cn, hz .. 
 cu, hz, D 
 
 4 
 4 
 6 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-cn, d-hz 
 cn, cr-cn, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cn, hz 
 cn, cr-st, hz 
 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cn, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cn, cn-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 ny-ovt ... 
 cn, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cn, cn-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 
 cn, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 ny-ovt 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz .. 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-cn, hz ... 
 en, cu-st 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 sc-cn, cr-hz ... 
 cu, hz ... 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cr-cu... ,.. 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 fl-cn, cu-st 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 VSED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 00 ^ 
 
 4? & ! 
 
 1 g 1 . * 
 
 . ' g ^ ^ "B 
 
 lij|il||l4l!Jl!lliljslll!lhii)|5l|I|ll| 
 
 I? gd^--ac4'3'<J4j i 3 ! J a : ji> ^ 1 55 1 & 1 ai^'Sai s -s -s 5 1 i -1 - 
 
 71 
 
MADRAS, 1861 
 
 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
284 
 
 MADRAS, 1861 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 
 Barometer at 32 =29 English Inches + the number in the Table 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 45 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 Daily and 
 Monthjy 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. b. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. li. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 
 4.41 5.41 6,41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 6 12 
 
 oo 
 
 <-* 13 
 
 fcH 14 
 tf 15 
 
 to 16 
 17 
 4 18 
 " 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 3] 
 
 # * 
 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 1-020 1'039 1-069 1'090 1102 1'104 T092 I'O/S 1'064 1'045 T035 T021 1'025 T047 T055 T082 1'091 ri04 T099 1'074 1'040 1'014 1'003 T004 
 
 020 -037 -043 -061 -065 -071 -069 -061 '041 -046 "038 -025 "038 -058 -071 '097 "110 '100 '074 -050 '015 0-978 0-967 0-971 
 0-985 -009 -024 -044 -055 -058 -055 -040 '021 -023 '010 -008 '014 -029 -049 -069 '091 -089 "069 -041 -008 '987 '966 -964 
 976 0-991 0-999 -024 -028 -030 -020 -007 '000 0-999 0-975 0-987 0-990 -000 -008 -029 '047 -047 -032 -Oil 0-974 -938 '912 -908 
 
 927 '941 '957 0-978 0-995 -001 0-993 0-984 
 
 In. 
 
 1-058 
 046 
 029 
 0-997 
 
 966 
 948 
 959 
 983 
 983 
 985 
 
 982 
 1-004 
 019 
 0-966 
 944 
 981 
 
 974 
 920 
 909 
 933 
 970 
 963 
 
 935 
 894 
 887 
 923 
 950 
 
 0-982 -965 -947 -937 -934 0-959 0-999 -Q15 '019 -028 -007 0-976 -950 -906 '897 -895 
 899 -920 -931 '958 -972 0-990 l-OOO -986 -965 -935 '912 -913 '915 -923 -946 0-969 -QOO -008 0-997 -971 -942 -916 '889 -887 
 892 -903 -924 '941 -965 '980 0-983 -936 -967 -950 -937 -934 '945 '959 -973 '996 '015 -022 1'012 roo4 -959 -932 '913 -919 
 940 -951 -969 '990 1'002 1-023 1-028 ro24 -997 -975 -962 -958 '955 -967 '981 I'OOi -023 -035 -012 0-995 -978 -953 '936 -932 
 939 -954 -967 '982 0-996 -Q05 -012 -003 -992 -973 '961 -958 '956 -966 '993 '010 '032 -036 -028 1'015 -984 -950 '938 -933 
 937 -946 -963 '989 1'W -010 -001 0-990 -975 -968 '960 -958 '977 -982 '993 -024 "056 -049 '027 '004 -989 '958 '944 -931 
 933 - 955 -979 I'OOB -017 -024 -021 1'Ois 
 
 -------- -965 -961 '953 -950 '954 '959 '975 -003 '020 -042 '028 'Oil '985 '950 '935 -931 
 942 -954 -977 0'999 -015 -018 '013 '012 1'Oia -985 -963 -961 "990 -998 1'018 -042 -065 "075 '059 '049 1'020 -994 -975 '968 
 959 -975 i-ooo i-oso -Q38 -046 -046 -041 -035 i-oos -993 -996 1'007 1-024 -034 -062 -082 -079 -070 -047 -007 -977 '946 -943 
 
 939 '943 0-960 0-986 -002 0-999 0-992 0'983 0'973 0'968 -945 -931 0'958 0'969 0'981 -Q14 '034 '034 '003 0'977 0'942 -901 '875 '873 
 
 876 '889 -914 -935 0-956 -970 -967 -952 '935 -914 '904 -885 "898 -930 -956 0-981 -Q12 -024 -013 -998 '972 '937 '920 -917 
 919 -935 -957 '979 '996 1'013 1-007 -998 -991 -970 "955 -945 '960 '978 '989 l'008 -039 -049 '036 1-012 -991 "963 -930 '922 
 933 - 942 '957 -981 -997 -Oil -021 -999 
 
 -------- -995 -980 -973 -961 '965 -970 '982 0-996 -Q19 -028 -010 0-990 -953 -927 -896 -881 
 889 '893 -907 '931 '959 0-967 0-967 -959 '953 -929 '904 -886 '882 -902 '926 '950 0-977 0-981 0-967 -940 -897 "866 '839 -821 
 831 -840 -870 '885 '905 -920 -922 -912 '900 -892 '884 -892 '898 "902 '925 '956 -985 -995 -983 -957 -927 '894 -870 -865 
 871 -873 -890 '907 -937 -943 -955 -940 '936 -925 '909 -908 -916 -927 -953 -977 i-oo? 1-004 -995 -973 -948 -922 -892 -885 
 887 -899 -936 '972 -995 1-002 i-oos -998 -977 -970 '950 -945 '951 '960 -975 -998 -039 -048 ro29 1-001 -976 -942 -916 -910 
 914 -920 -935 '966 '979 0-988 0-987 -981 '975 -959 '947 -935 "939 '953 -968 -993 '034 -035 -035 -002 -974 -931 -893 -880 
 894 -899 -907 '941 '963 -982 -970 -950 
 
 -------- -976 -954 -934 -917 -927 -935 -942 -967 0-990 0-991 0-973 0-951 -913 -884 -850 -839 
 847 -860 -876 '898 '918 -933 -928 '921 -908 -886 -882 -864 -868 '876 -889 '915 -951 -955 -944 -919 -897 -866 -834 -819 
 830 -848 -864 '878 -894 -899 -897 -889 '878 -875 '868 -864 -861 -881 -900 -932 -961 -960 "943 -927 -898 -873 -841 -837 
 843 -862 -870 -896 -919 '934 -930 -928 -919 -909 -908 -906 -915 -930 '935 -964 -983 i'006 -997 -973 -950 -919 -886 -866 
 870 -882 -900 -934 -971 -991 -975 -966 -962 -944 -930 -927 -935 -958 '970 -984 1'OOS -Q17 1'004 -985 -966 -936 -904 -891 
 
 Means | 0-915 -928 "946 -970 -987 -997 '995 '985 -974 -959 -946 -940 -947 "961 '977 rooi -026 '031 '017 0-995 -965 -934 -910 '903 0-967 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 3 11 
 S 12 
 (H 13 
 14 
 g 15 
 g 16 
 S 17 
 
 i 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 
 0-897 0-907 0-929 0'959 0'979 0'9S7 0'979 0'971 0'964 0'947 0'931 0'923 0'932 0'961 0'980 1'002 T027 1'026 1'OOS 0'9S5 0'952 0'918 0'884 0'872 
 
 880 '885 '905 "933 "94 "946 -941 -933 
 
 0-955 
 
 912 
 878 
 860 
 898 
 947 
 951 
 
 944 
 960 
 968 
 965 
 946 
 928 
 
 970 
 1-034 
 027 
 0-998 
 1-009 
 
 coo 
 
 0-959 
 946 
 954 
 959 
 971 
 
 -891 -887 -874 -881 -897 -912 -919 0-936 0-965 0-981 0-972 -944 -911 -876 844 -832 
 832 '845 -864 '884 -895 "907 -905 -903 '879 -854 -848 '833 "835 -868 '889 -916 -949 -955 -940 '912 -881 '851 -821 -798 
 793 -801 -819 '832 '861 '875 -883 '878 '869 -851 -834 -835 '848 -859 '880 '897 '914 -935 -927 -902 '875 '850 -818 -808 
 815 -828 -850 '868 '882 '897 -912 -900 '877 -862 -851 -846 "869 -897 "921 "958 -981 1'002 -994 -967 '931 '900 '873 -867 
 866 -880 -896 "927 '952 '976 -990 '985 -954 -934 -907 '917 -925 -942 -961 '982 i'02B -023 1'009 -990 -958 '933 '900 -891 
 893 '903 -924 '947 '968 '991 -998 -973 -947 '923 -917 '921 '925 -953 '960 '974 -005 -016 '007 -991 -968 '933 '904 -892 
 '881 '895 - 901' '91 "939 '952 -959 -954 
 
 -948 -922 -906 '917 -915 -930 '944 "974 -009 "023 -021 1'002 -974 -952 -924 -902 
 900 '911 -937 '958 '986 1'OOS l-ooo -995 -974 -941 -922 '910 -915 -925 '956 '986 "015 -025 -020 "005 "983 '953 -920 -904 
 914 '918 -927 '956 '975 0'990 0-999 -991 -985 -971 -946 -929 -935 -944 '965 '999 -028 '046 -048 -013 -986 '951 -920 -898 
 896 '902 -920 -961 '988 '996 -992 -983 '969 '944 '944 '921 -933 -956 '969 '998 '025 -042 -038 -020 '992 '949 '917 -903 
 896 '905 -926 '945 '958 '979 -980 -974 -950 '944 -941 '924 '918 -936 '963 '988 -005 -007 0-997 0-976 -945 '917 -874 -858 
 849 '860 -891 -912 '936 '953 '961 -959 -953 '937 -920' "908 '912 -920 -928 '952 0-979 0-997 -986 '964 -938 -908 -874 -869 
 871 '881 -899 '920 '943 '961 -969 '958 _____ 
 _ _ -974 -955 -947 -964 -967 -991 I'OIO 1-030 1-053 1-059 l-oss 1-025 -992 -966 -946 '940 
 943 -968 -989 i'09 rosi 1-056 i-oei 1-055 1-046 1-023 rois 1-011 i-ois i-oss -068 -082 -108 -112 -091 -072 i'043 1-010 -935 -980 
 974 -973 1-019 -041 -064 '077 -074 -055 -035 '014 -010 -008 -008 -020 '034 -065 -093 -091 '075 -046 '009 0-981 -944 .938 
 940 -947 0-966 0-976 -Q04 '024 -019 '008 0-997 0-974 0-958 0-968 0-973 0-999 -Q15 '038 '066 '074 -060 -047 -025 -978 -952 '944 
 951 -952 -977 1W -033 '050 -048 -037 1'OSi i-oos -982 '965 -969 -979 '021 '039 -Ot>7 '082 '071 '050 '013 "983 -960 -949 
 947 -960 -973 0-989 -Q17 '037 -033 -017 '006 0-984 -961 -960 -968 '995 '012 '043 -061 -074 '059 -033 '005 -979 -950 '940 
 '934 '946 "96 "974 '004 "O-'l -016 "001 
 
 0-961 -943 -927 -917 '915 -929 0-947 0-971 0-993 -Q06 '000 0-976 0-949 -930 -897 -893 
 897 -921 -933 '957 0-978 0-987 0-979 0-971 -962 -946 -930 "919 -922 -934 -947 '967 -998 0-991 0-981 -956 -938 '920 -894 -887 
 894 -902 -925 '949 -977 '984 -982 -966 '960 '942 -937 '935 -940 '965 -973 '997 I'OOS T020 l-OOl -980 -955 -929 -899 -886 
 892 -905 -928 -954 -977 '985 '986 -971 -965 -947 -940 '939 -951 -962 '969 '994 -009 -020 "004 -983 '958 '942 -917 -909 
 908 -920 -944 -954 -983 -993 -997 -985 '980 -972 -961 -956 -961 -980 '995 1'012 -036 '040 '020 "993 "963 -941 -916 -901 
 
 Means 0-894 -905 '925 -947 '970 "984 -986 -976 -962 '943 -930 "925 -931 -950 -968 -992 1-017 1-027 1-016 0-993 -964 -935 -906 -894 1 0-956 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1861 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 285 
 
 
 DRY THEfiMOMETEB, STANDARD No. 7 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 GottillLJCll 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. li.m. h. in. li. m. h. in. li.m. h in. h.m. li m li.m. li. m. li.m. li.m. li.m. h.m. b.m. li.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h. m. h. m b. ir. h m 
 4.41 5.41 fl.41 7.11 8.J1 U.41 1(1. II 11. II 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 ](i.41 17.41 18.41 1U.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.4l' 2.41 3.4l' 
 
 XlMltlllj 
 
 Meiin.s 
 
 1 
 
 -2 
 
 3 
 
 t. 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 * * 
 
 oooo oooooooooooooooooooo 
 77-4 76-3 7.V8 7.V3 75-3 74'6 74'6 73-9 70'8 69-7 69-7 697 72'9 70-0 69-4 71-3 73-4 7S'0 79'3 80'4 79'5 79-8 79'2 78'8 
 77-3 76-3 75-8 7.V3 75'4 75'3 74'9 74-9 74'9 74'4 74'4 744 71'4 68-9 687 71'5 75'8 78'3 79'3 79'4 796 80-4 80'0 79'2 
 78-3 77-1 761 76-0 75-6 75-5 75'2 75-1 74-6 74 3 71-4 68'6 67'6 667 66-9 70'4 74'9 77'6 79-0 79'3 79'3 78'8 78'9 78'4 
 77-3 75-5 75-2 74'8 75'3 74-5 74'6 74-5 74'3 71 ; 4 691 68'4 67 3 C6-9 66-6 69-6 76'4 78'3 79-6 79-3 79'4 79-4 79"6 777 
 77-3 761 75'3 75'S 74-6 71 - li 73-9 737 - 
 
 O 
 
 74-8 
 75-7 
 748 
 74-4 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 rH 12 
 
 72-6 71-6 70-0 70-2 69-6 67 6 67'4 70'6 75'3 77-3 78'6 79'3 79-4 79-6 78'6 787 
 78-1 76775-8 7.V4 75'3 75-3 74'4 74-3 71'4 70'2 t9'6 69-4 69-2 68'2 68'3 71'3 74'4 78-4 79'3 81-3 80'3 80'3 801 79-4 
 78-4 77-3 76-5 75-8 757 753 75'0 73'6 71'9 7!'4 71-2 70-4 70-0 69-4 69-2 72-4 77'5 79-3 79'6 80'3 82'3 81-3 81-4 804 
 79-3 77-6 77-0 76 2 75-6 74-4 73'0 71'9 71-3 70'4 69-4 68-9 69'2 68-4 69'2 71'9 75-8 78-5 79-1 S0'8 80'8 81'5 80'4 797 
 79-1 77-0 764 75 6 75'3 75'2 73'6 72-4 71'4 71 4 71'3 71'6 71-4 71'0 71'4 757 77'5 80'5 80'5 80-6' 82-1 81'5 81'1 &0'6 
 79-2 78-1 77-3 76-3 76'3 76 3 75'6 75'5 74-9 74'9 73-4 73'0 73'4 75 2 75'3 77'3 79-3 79-6 79-8 80'8 81-1 8M 81'2 79-8 
 79'3 77'6 77-1 76'8 76'5 76'1 76'3 75-8 - _..____ 
 
 74-5 
 74-8 
 756 
 75-0 
 76-0 
 77-3 
 
 13 
 
 rt 15 
 3 16 
 
 17 
 
 * ! 
 
 HS 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 
 76-2 75-8 75-5 75'5 75-3 75'3 75'3 77'8 79-0 80-3 80'5 81'8 82-3 82-1 80'3 80'3 
 799 78-4 77-477-3 76'8 76'8 76-4 76'1 75-5 75'4 75'9 76'0 76'1 75'9 76'3 77'3 79-3 80-8 818 81-9 81-3 81'8 807 80'4 
 79-7 78-0 77-3 76-3 75'8 76-4 76'3 75'9 75-4 74-7 74'1 75'3 75-1 73'4 71-9 74'6 79-1 80-5 80'6 81-7 82-7 81'3 807 807 
 79-2 77-8 76-3 75-8 757 75'3 73-9 74-1 72-6 71-4 71-4 70-2 69-9 69'4 69-4 71-7 75'8 78'2 81'3 82-1 82'3 82-5 81'4 80'9 
 797 77-5 76-5 76-5 70 , r , 75-6 75-1 72-9 72'0 70'9 70'4 68'4 68'9 689 69-4 71'9 76-4 79'5 80'7 81-3 81'3 81-5 81-3 81'1 
 80-7 78-2 77-1 7i>3 75'5 73'9 72-9 71-2 71'4 71'2 70-4 69'6 69'4 68'9 68'4 71'6 76'2 79'0 81-1 81'5 81'9 81'9 81'7 81-1 
 79-1 77-3 76-3 7.V3 73'2 71'4 70-4 68'4 
 74-3 73-6 73-0 72'4 71-8 71'2 71-2 73-9 77'3 81-8 83'9 84-1 83'9 84-0 83'5 82'0 
 81-5 79-9 70-1 78-3 78-2 78'3 77-8 77'3 76'5 75'9 75'5 74-9 73'4 73-1 72-4 75-5 79-3 83'0 &3'6 837 83'9 84'3 83'5 83-2 
 81-5 79-7 79-0 78-3 77'9 77-5 77-2 77-6 77'3 77-1 76'5 75-5 74'6 73-3 73'2 75'7 79-3 81-5 84'3 84-5 84'4 84-1 83'3 82-6 
 81-4 79-7 78-3 77-3 767 767 76-5 76-3 75'6 74-4 73'1 73'1 72'6 71'8 71-6 74-2 76'8 80'6 82'6 83-5 83'2 83'3 82-6 82-5 
 80-7 79-2 78-3 78'4 780 77'9 77'9 77'7 76'3 76-2 74'2 73'8 72'8 71'9 72-4 74-4 77'6 81'1 82'5 83-5 82'6 82'8 82'8 82-2 
 80-6 80-4 78-7 78-2 77'5 777 77-1 77-1 77'3 75'8 73'9 73'4 73'2 72'4 72'4 75'5 78'8 81'1 82-3 82'9 82'3 82'3 81'8 81'8 
 81'0 7 C ''5 7^ 3 7^'0 77'9 77'6 77'3 77'1 
 
 77-9 
 78-1 
 77-4 
 75-8 
 75-6 
 75-5 
 
 76-4 
 78-8 
 79-0 
 
 77-7 
 78-1 
 78-1 
 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 75-6 73-9 72-4 71 6 70-5 70-4 70'3 73-4 78'2 80'5 81'9 82-2 82-5 83'1 82-6 81'5 
 80-8 79-1 77-5 76-6 75'2 72-9 71-6 7V2 70'8 70'0 69-9 69'6 69'3 68-6 687 7l'-6 76'1 79'3 82'3 83'5 84'3 84'5 84'8 84'2 
 82-3 79-6 78-4 77-9 77-5 77'3 76-6 76-3 75'3 74'0 72-0 70'3 69'6 69'1 68-3 72-4 76'0 79'5 82'3 83-1 83'5 ^3'3 82'7 817 
 81-4 79-4 78-0 774 77-2 76'3 76-1 75-3 74'6 73-4 73-4 70-5 70'2 692 69'4 72'9 75'9 80'3 81'5 83-1 83-3 837 827 819 
 81-0 79-0 77-7 76-2 76-2 76'4 76-3 76'5 75'9 74-4 72-4 71-4 69-9 69-5 69'4 72-8 77-1 81'3 81-5 82-3 833 833 82'3 82-3 
 
 77-4 
 75-9 
 77-0 
 77-0 
 77-0 
 
 Means 
 
 79-7 78-1 77-1 76-6 76-2 757 75-2 747 741 73'2 72-4 71-7 71 3 70-5 70'5 73'3 77-0 79-8 81-1 81-8 82-0 82-0 81-5 80'9 
 
 76-5 
 
 1 
 
 O 
 
 806 787 77-5 77-2 77'0 76'3 76-3 76'0 76-0 75'8 74-9 75'9 69'4 68-1 68'4 71-5 76'3 80-6 80'6 81'7 81'8 81'8 81'5 81-0 
 797 7^-3 76' 5 76' 75'5 75'3 75-1 74' 1 
 
 76-7 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 
 71-6 70-4 68-4 66'6 66-5 66'3 66-2 69'6 74-4 78'3 81-5 83'3 83'2 83'3 82'8 817 
 80-9 787 77-6 76'5 74'6 72-4 70-3 68-4 67'4 67'4 66'9 66'6 65'9 65'9 66-4 69-4 75'2 78-6 81 '4 83'3 83'5 83-5 83-4 83'3 
 81-5 79-2 76-4 73'6 72-5 71'4 70'4 68'4 67'4 66'9 66'4 66'4 66'2 66-1 65-9 69-4 73'4 78'3 82-1 84-6 84-6 84'6 84-7 84-5 
 81-9 79-4 77-0 75'6 74'3 73'4 71'6 70'6 69'1 68'4 67'4 G7'0 66'4 66'4 66-9 71-2 74-4 77'8 82-3 85'3 85'8 76'4 86'3 85-1 
 83-2 79'9 77-3 75'3 74'0 72-9 72-2 717 71'4 69'9 69'6 69'6 69'1 68'0 67'6 69'4 74'1 78'3 81'3 84-1 85'1 85-5 84-5 83-5 
 82-1 79-4 77-9 77'0 76'0 73'6 72'4 707 69'6 68'9 68'9 68'4 68-6 677 677 69-4 73'5 78'6 82'8 827 83'8 83-5 83'5 821 
 80"9 7 c !-7 77" 7'1'6 7'6 71- 70' 68'9 
 
 75-2 
 74-5 
 74-4 
 75-4 
 75-7 
 75-4 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 s 12 
 
 $ 13 
 rt 14 
 
 & !> 
 w i 
 
 68-9 677 67-4 671 6(5-6 66-4 66-5 70'4 75'5 78'3 81-5 81'8 84-1 84-1 82-7 82-5 
 81-4 79-4 77-2 75-6 74'4 71-9 70-4 69-4 68'6 67-4 66-2 65-5 65-4 65-2 65-4 68'6 75-5 78'4 80'3 81-3 82-3 82'6 82-7 81'6 
 807 78-9 77-0 75 6 73-4 72'6 71-5 70-3 69-1 68'4 67'4 67-3 66'6 65-4 66-9 70'4 75-2 78'3 80'4 81-5 81-6 81'4 81'8 81-5 
 80-3 787 76-4 72'3 70'9 69-9 697 69-1 68'4 68-9 69-4 69'4 69-9 70-2 70-4 73'1 76-7 78'6 79'6 80'8 81-8 82'6 82-1 81-8 
 80-3 787 76-5 76-1 75-2 74'9 74-2 70-8 68'4 67-4 67'4 (15-5 64-6 65-4 65'6 H9'9 75-3 77'5 79'3 80-8 81-3 817 81-7 80'7 
 79-5 777 75-fi 73-3 72-6 70-1 68'6 67-4 66'4 65'4 64-7 64-4 64-2 63-4 63.6 67'9 72'4 76'8 79 9 81-3 81-9 82'4 82-7 82-6 
 
 tift-7 "7W 7 7*--> 'y^-W 70.9 r j(\-A. ^Q*Q RQi-'l. 
 
 74-4 
 74-0 
 74-3 
 74-6 
 74-1 
 72-7 
 
 <; ID 
 D 17 
 
 18 
 
 S 19 
 
 ' fe 20 
 
 21 
 22 
 
 OQ 
 
 69-2 68-6 68-4 677 67-6 67-2 67-4 71-3 75'5 80-0 80-9 82-8 83-1 83-1 83-1 82-4 
 81-7 79-9 78-3 77'5 773 77-2 77-1' 76-8 76-3 74-4 72'9 71'3 70-5 69-2 69-1 74'0 78'5 81-3 81'4 82-3 82'5 82-3 82'3 82-1 
 807 79 9 78-5 78 2 77 6 77-3 77'2 76-8 761 75-8 75-3 75-2 74'9 72-4 70-4 73'6 79'2 81-5 82'5 S3-1 83-8 83'0 83-4 82-1 
 80-9 797 7!f(J 791 791 78'7 78'4 78'1 77'3 76-8 76-3 76'1 75'3 747 74-4 77'2 81-3 831 847 84-8 84'5 847 84'0 83-6 
 81-9 80-7 79-6 79-1 79-0 78-5 78-3 781 77'3 77'3 76-5 76-5 76'4 75-0 73'6 76-3 807 81 -8 83'9 83-3 840 84'3 84-1 83-1 
 821 807 79-4 7M'.=1 78'3 78'1 77'9 77-5 76-4 76-2 74-3 72-2 71'6 71-2 71'0 74-2 78-3 bl'5 81'9 83'3 831 83 5 82'6 81-5 
 
 Ql -^ 7C1-O 7Q-fi 7G-,t 7^-9 77-7 7fi-ft 7^-^ 
 
 74-5 
 77-3 
 78-3 
 79-7 
 79-6 
 78-1 
 
 2o 
 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 70-6 69-4 68-6 C8'4 67-7 C81 CS'4 72'4 77-9 80'7 82-3 82-3 83'6 83'3 83'2 82-2 
 80-9 79-7 78-0 77'2 7(5-3 73-4 71-6 70-4 70 4 69-8 69'4 68'6 677 07 4 67-2 711 76'8 79'8 83-1 84-5 85'4 84 3 82'3 82-3 
 81-5 80-0 78-6 78'2 77'9 77-6 75'2 73'4 73-0 71-9 71 '6 70-6 697 697 69-6 75-3 805 82-7 85'3 85-8 85-1 86-3 84-7 84-2 
 81-9 80-3 79-3 78'5 78-2 78-1 77'3 75'6 74-4 73-4 73'2 71-9 71'6 71'1 71-6 75'3 79-2 82-1 85'2 86-5 85-5 853 847 84-4 
 83 81-8 80-4 79-.") 79-2 79-0 78'5 77-6 77'5 76'5 74'9 73'6 73-2 72-7 72-9 77-1 82-6 85'2 85'6 86-6 87-1 87'3 86"! 86-0 
 
 76-5 
 75-7 
 77-8 
 78-5 
 80-2 
 
 MeariB 
 
 81-2 79-5 77-7 76'5 757 74-7 73'8 727 71-7 71-0 70'3 69-4 69'0 68'5 68-5 72'0 76'8 79'9 82-1 83'2 83'7 83'8 83-4 82-7 
 
 76-2 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
 72 
 
286 
 
 MADRAS, 1861 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 WET THERMOMETER, STANDARD No. 8 
 
 
 
 (Corrected to the Kew Observatory Standard Thermometer) 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1G 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 
 
 
 Da il V ant 
 
 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Madras 
 
 h. in. h. m. h. m. h. in. ii. in. li. in. h. in. li. in. h. ni. }i. m. li. in. li. m h. in. L. in. li. in. li. m. li. in. h. ni. li. in. h. in. li. m li.ni h in h m 
 
 Means 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4-41 5.41 0.41 7.il N.-ll 11.11 10.J1 11.11 12.41 13.J1 14.41 15.-41 16.J1 17.-11 18.11 1!U1 20.11 21.41 22.41 2*. 11 (Ml 1.41 2.11 3.41 ' 
 
 
 
 * * 
 
 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 69-3 69-3 69-3 69'0 68'5 68'3 68'3 68'5 67'8 67-5 67'3 66'6 67'3 67'5 66'9 68'4 69'4 70'0 70'3 70'8 697 70'4 70'8 70-3 
 
 68-8 
 
 2 
 
 70-0 68-8 68-3 68'0 67'8 67-6 67'8 67'8 67 : 3 67'5 67'3 67-5 66'9 66'4 66'4 68'0 68'3 69'3 69'3 G9'0 69'3 70'4 69'4 66-3 
 
 GS'2 
 
 8 
 
 67-5 67-1 68-1 67'4 67-3 67-1 66'4 67-0 66-4 66'8 67'0 65'3 64'6 64-4 64'4 66"! 66-9 68'0 68-9 69'3 69-3 (>9'5 68'6 68'5 
 
 67-2 
 
 4 
 
 68-2 67-5 67-5 68'2 G8'4 67'8 67'6 67'8 66-4 67'2 65'6 66'1 65'4 64-9 64-6 66'4 69"! 69'9 70'5 70'3 69-8 70'0 69-9 69-1 
 
 67-8 
 
 5 
 
 68'5 7VO 70'5 70-5 68'5 68'8 681 67'8 - 
 
 
 U 
 
 6 
 
 68-8 68-3 67-9 677 67'5 66'2 66-0 68 1 70'2 70'6 71-1 ?1'3 71-0 72-1 71-0 70'5 
 
 69-2 
 
 7 
 
 70-3 70-4 70-5 70'2 70'2 70-3 701 701 68'3 67'6 67-3 67'5 67'3 66-6 66-4 68-3 70'3 72'8 72-3 72'3 72-3 72-5 72'5 71-."> 
 
 69-9 
 
 8 
 
 71-0 70-8 71-3 71-0 71'2 71-3 71-3 71-2 69'3 69'3 69'2 68'3 687 677 67'3 70-3 72'0 72'8 72'8 73'2 73-6 73'4 73'5 73'3 
 
 71-0 
 
 9 
 
 73-0 71-8 72-2 72'3 71'7 71'3 70'b 70'3 691 68'8 68'0 67'3 67'9 671 67'5 70-0 70'5 71-5 72-5 73'2 731 73'2 72'7 73'2 
 
 70-8 
 
 10 
 
 72-7 72-0 71-4 71-6 71-6 71-1 70'8 70'3 69'3 69'5 69'(5 69'3 69'3 69'1 69'3 72'3 72-3 73'9 73'2 73-6 74-2 73-2 73'5 73'4 
 
 71-5 
 
 ^ 11 
 
 73-1 73-2 72-6 72'3 72'8 72'3 72'3 72'3 71'3 71-3 71'1 71'1 71'8 72'1 71'8 73'2 72'5 73'2 73'2 73'6 73'2 73-0 72'8 73'2 
 
 72-5 
 
 oo 12 
 
 7^-7 7^-'^ 79-1 71 - r i 71 '-! 71 -'3 79-O 71 -ft 
 
 
 tJJ J. 
 
 ^ 13 
 
 72-3 72-1 71-8 71-9 71-8 71-3 71-3 71'9 71-7 72-3 72-9 73'S 74'0 73'6 73'8 73-2 
 
 72-4 
 
 &H 14 , 
 
 Q3 
 
 73-2 72-9 73-2 73'3 72-8 71-8 71-6 70'8 71'3 72-1 71'7 717 71-5 72'1 72'3 72'3 72'6 73'2 737 739 73-2 72'1 72-3 72'5 
 
 72-4 
 
 :< 15 
 
 72-4 727 713 71 '3 70'8 71-3 71'3 71-3 71-2 70-8 70'5 70'5 70'5 70-8 70'1 71-2 73-2 73'2 737 75-2 74-4 73'8 727 727 
 
 72-0 
 
 t> 16 
 
 72-6 72-3 71-3 71-3 70-8 70-5 70-5 703 70"! 69'5 69'3 67'8 67'6 67'8 68'0 69-1 71-0 72-3 73-4 73-1 72'o 72-1 72'5 73'0 
 
 70-8 
 
 5 17 
 
 73-4 72-1 72-1 72'1 71'5 71-3 71-3 70'5 70'1 69'3 69-3 67-8 67'6 67'8 68'3 69-0 70'3 72-3 731 73-8 73'4 731 72'8 73'2 
 
 711 
 
 3 18 
 
 73-6 727 72-5 72'3 721 711 70'3 697 69'5 69'3 68'5 ti8'3 67'8 67'0 67'2 69'0.71'3 71'8 72'9 73'9 73'2 731 73'0 727 
 
 70-9 
 
 10 
 
 72- 1 ) 7'2 721 71 - r > 70- r i fiQ-T fifrT fifi-^ 
 
 
 J. (7 
 
 20 
 
 71-3 71-3 71-5 71-3 71'0 701 69-5 71'3 72-2 73-0 74'8 75'6 75'9 757 76'2 75'9 
 
 72-2 
 
 21 
 
 75-6 75-2 74-6 74'4 74'0 74-4 74-2 74 2 74'2 74'2 74-0 73'4 71-8 71'5 711 731 75'0 76'0 76-9 771 75'5 76'4 76'0 761 
 
 74-5 
 
 22 
 
 75-3 75-2 74-3 74'2 74'2 74'0 74'2 74'8 737 73'4 73'2 73'2 72'3 71'3 71-8 73'8 747 74'8 75-8 76-0 75'8 7.V8 75'8 75-4 
 
 74-3 
 
 23 
 
 751 74-9 74-2 73'2 72'8 73-2 73'6 741 73-2 72'4 71'3 71-3 71'3 71'0 70-3 72'3 72'8 73'2 74-2 75-6 751 75-2 74'9 74-5 
 
 73-3 
 
 24 
 
 74-8 73-2 72-4 73'(X72-5 73'2 73'2 727 72'3 717 71'3 71'3 70'8 70'3 70-3 71'3 72'0 73'4 74-2 74'3 737 74'2 74-3 73'8 
 
 727 
 
 25 
 
 73-2 73-2 72-5 72'3 72'3 731 72'9 72'9 72'8 72-3 71 5 711 70'9 70'3 70'3 72'0 72'8 73'5 73'9 74-6 74-0 74'9 74'4 74'3 
 
 727 
 
 26 
 
 74-0 73-0 70-7 70.5 70.3 70-9 70.3 70.9 . _______ 
 
 
 27 
 
 - - - 71-3 71-3 70-3 69-3 68'5 68'5 68'8 69'8 72'0 72'9 74'C 74-0 73'4 73'2 73'2 73'2 
 
 72-0 
 
 28 
 
 73-3 72-4 72-5 72-4 71'3 70'5 69'9 69'0 '687 68'3 681 68'3 67'6 67'3 67-4 69'3 71-9 72'3 71-8 72'3 71'9 71-8 71-4 72'3 
 
 70-5 
 
 29 
 
 72-2 72-5 72-4 72'5 727 72'9 72'6 72-3 72'3 717 69'3 68'3 67'6 67'3 66'6 69'5 70'8 72'3 70'8 71 3 72'3 72'3 72'6 72'2 
 
 711 
 
 30 
 
 71-2 711 70-5 701 701 70'2 69-8 70'3 697 69'5 68'3 67'6 67'3 66'5 67'3 68-8 70'3 72-3 72'8 71'S 717 72'3 727 71-9 
 
 70-2 
 
 31 
 
 72-2 711 70-5 70-2 70-5 70'3 70-H 70'6 69'5 69-3 68-3 68'3 67'3 66'9 66'9 681 70'3 72'3 737 73'2 73'2 73'4 72-6 72-5 
 
 70-5 
 
 Means 
 
 72-3 71-9 71-6 71'4 711 71'0 70'8 707 70'3 701 69'6 69'2 68'9 68-5 68'4 701 71'3 72'3 72'9 73'2 72-9 73'0 72-8 72-6 
 
 711 
 
 1 
 
 711 70-5 70-3 701 701 70-3 70'3 69'9 70'3 70'5 68'8 67'5 661 657 65'9 68'3 68'9 69'3 69'3 69'5 69'3 70-3 70'0 69'6 
 
 69-2 
 
 2 
 
 69-0 69-2 67-2 677 66-6 66'4 66-5 67'3 ' - - - - 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 _ _ _ 68'9 677 66-4 64-4 64'6 64'4 646 66-4 69'0 71'3 71'8 72'3 72-5 70'2 701 72-3 
 
 68-2 
 
 4 
 
 72-6 72-5 72-0 711 70'0 691 681 66'4 65'8 65'6 64'4 63'9 63'3 63'4 64'4 66'6 69'3 70'8 71'0 721 72'3 73'2 72-6 73'0 
 
 68-9 
 
 5 
 
 72-5 72-4 72-2 70'3 69'9 68'5 67-3 66'4 64'4 64'9 64-4 64-2 64-8 64'6 64'2 66'6 70'0 71'5 721 72~8 73'2 72'5 73'0 72'5 
 
 69-0 
 
 6 
 
 727 73-0 73-0 72'5 72'0 71-3 69'5 68'3 67'3 67'0 661 65-6 64'9 64'4 65-4 68'3 70'3 71'5 72'3 74'2 74'4 73-9 72-0 70'5 
 
 70-0 
 
 7 
 
 71-2 71-5 72-3 72'6 71'5 71'3 70-3 701 69-3 681 67'8 68'3 67'9 67'0 66'4 67'8 70'9 72'8 73'2 73'2 73'9 73'4 74'4 74-0 
 
 70-8 
 
 8 
 
 74-3 74-6 74-0 73'S 73'0 71-3 70'3 68'5 67'6 67-3 67'5 677 67'3 67'0 67'0 681 71-2 72'8 74'0 72'3 73'0 73'8 74'4 74-0 
 
 71-0 
 
 q 
 
 73'8 73'2 727 707 701 68'3 681 66'6 
 
 
 V 
 
 10 
 
 -------- 65-4 64-6 64-6 64'6 64'2 64'6 64'6 67'3 69'5 70'3 69'8 70'3 71'8 71'8 72'0 71'9 
 
 63-8 
 
 11 
 
 71-2 707 70-4 70 3 70-3 68'0 67'0 66-4 66'0 64'9 63'9 63'6 63'4 63-4 63'4 657 69-3 69-5 68'5 69'5 70-5 70'8 70-9 70'2 
 
 67-8 
 
 3 12 
 
 70-2 697 70-0 691 68'2 67'8 67'3 66'6 65'8 65'4 64'9 64'4 64'2 64'0 64-4 66'6 68'8 68'5 69-3 70'3 70'9 70'9 717 71'2 
 
 67-9 
 
 2 13 
 
 707 C9-9 70-3 69'9 68'3 66-6 6-4 661 65'4 65'4 64'9 66'0 66'6 66'0 66"9 681 69-0 68-3 68-3 68'S 69'6 71 -0 70'2 70'0 
 
 68-0 
 
 11. 
 
 697 69-3 68-5 691 68'o 67'9 68'3 66'6 64-6 641 63'6 62'5 627 625 63-3 66'2 68'3 68'3 69'5 69'8 70'3 70'8 717 707 
 
 67-4 
 
 >-l -it 
 
 03 15 
 
 70-0 697 69-2 68'3 G7-3 GG'G .V9 65'4 64-4 63'4 63'3 63'0 G27 62'0 622 fc'4'9 67'3 68'2 G9 3 701 71'0 721 717 71'8 
 
 671 
 
 -d Ifi 
 
 71 -(i 709 70-T 69- r > 69-0 fiS-'^ fi?-^ fifi-Q 
 
 
 ^4 -LVJ 
 
 5 17 
 
 _ _ _ 681 67-3 67-3 66'4 66-4 664 66'6 69'3 72-3 73-4 74-6 75'8 76'2 75-4 76'6 76'4 
 
 70-5 
 
 g 18 
 
 76-5 75-2 74-8 74-4 73'8 74'0 73'9 73'2 73'2 73'2 71'3 70'5 69'3 68'3 68'3 71'6 73'2 75'2 75'4 76-0 76'2 76'4 76'9 76-4 
 
 73-6 
 
 W 19 
 
 75-9 76-0 75-0 74-8 74-6 747 74'4 74-4 73'4 73'2 73'0 72-3 72'3 71'3 69'3 70-3 71 '5 73'2 75'4 76'0 74'2 74-2 75'0 74'5 
 
 ^37 
 
 ta 20 
 
 75-6 75-5 75-4 75'3 75'3 757 757 75'4 74'9 74'2 74'2 73'4 73'2 72-5 72'3 73-6 74'2 76'0 77'9 79'4 78'4 791 80'0 801 
 
 757 
 
 21 
 
 771 771 76-6 75'8 75'4 75'4 75'6 75'0 74-2 73'4 73"2 73'8 741 73-6 727 73'9 76'2 76'0 78-2 77-4 77-8 75'6 75'4 77-9 
 
 75-5 
 
 22 
 
 781 767 76-2 75'6 75-4 75'8 76'0 75'4 74'2 74-2 73'4 71-3 70'8 70'2 701 71'3 73'5 737 747 76'8 75'8 76'2 78"2 771 
 
 74-6 
 
 23 
 
 75-2 73-6 72-5 71'9 71'9 72'3 73'2 73'0 - 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 69-5 687 67-8 67'3 66~6 67'3 67'3 68'0 69'3 73'2 73-4 73'2 72'3 721 73'2 72'3 
 
 71-0 
 
 25 
 
 727 73-0 72-3 71-6 71-5 701 68'3 67'5 67'3 67'3 66'9 66'4 65-4 65'4 64-6 66'6 71'8 72'8 73'2 72'9 74'0 75'2 75'8 75-6 
 
 70-3 
 
 26 
 
 74-2 74-5 74-9 74'4 74-3 737 72'3 71'6 70'8 697 697 691 681 68-3 67'8 69-0 711 74-2 73'4 73-2 73'6 75'2 747 73'5 
 
 721 
 
 27 
 
 75-6 74-6 75-3 75'4 75-3 747 747 73-4 72-5 71'8 71'3 707 70'3 69'5 69'3 72'5 74'9 76'0 75'2 76-0 76'2 76'2 77'5 77'6 
 
 74-0 
 
 28 
 
 77-3 76'9 76-4 77'0 77'0 76-2 757 75-2 75-2 73-4 74'0 73'2 72'5 71'8 71'6 73'4 757 77-2 78-2 78'8 78-9 79'0 79'2 78'6 
 
 75-9 
 
 Means 
 
 73-3 72-9 72-6 721 71'6 71'0 70'5 69'8 691 68'6 68'0 67'5 67'2 66'8 66'8 68'8 711 72'2 72'8 73-4 73'6 737 74'0 73'8 
 
 70-9 
 
 * The numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the rake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1861 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 287 
 
 HUMIDITY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 AIR AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 
 
 
 
 Gotthmvn 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 
 
 1 
 
 2 3 
 
 4 5 
 
 6 7 
 
 8 9 JO 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 Daily ant 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 5.41 
 
 h.m h.m. 
 6.41 7.41 
 
 h. m. h. m. 
 8.41 a.41 
 
 h.m. h.m. 
 10.41 11.41 
 
 li.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h. ra. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. 
 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 10.41 17.41 18.41 18.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.11 
 
 h. m. 
 0.41 
 
 h. m. 
 1.41 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 3.41 
 
 1 0-68 
 2 70 
 3 -58 
 '4 -64 
 3 5 -65 
 
 CO Q 
 
 ^ 7 -69 
 
 <1 9 75 
 t> 10 -74 
 3 11 -76 
 *j 12 -77 
 13 - 
 14 -73 
 < 15 -71 
 
 a 16 73 
 W 17 75 
 H 18 -72 
 ^ 19 -73 
 20 
 21 -76 
 H 22 75 
 Q 23 75 
 3 24 -76 
 25 -71 
 26 -73 
 27 - 
 28 70 
 29 -62 
 30 -61 
 31 -06 
 
 071 
 69 
 60 
 67 
 
 79 
 
 74 
 73 
 76 
 
 79 
 79 
 
 82 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 77 
 .-77 
 77 
 79 
 
 81 
 82 
 81 
 76 
 71 
 75 
 
 73 
 
 72 
 67 
 68 
 
 0-73 0-73 
 69 -70 
 67 -65 
 68 72 
 
 80 -80 
 
 78 78 
 78 -80 
 80 -83 
 79 -83 
 80 '83 
 79 -78 
 
 82 -83 
 75 79 
 79 -81 
 81 -81 
 81 -83 
 82 -84 
 
 81 -83 
 81 -83 
 83 -83 
 
 75 78 
 74 75 
 
 77 77 
 
 79 -82 
 75 77 
 69 70 
 70 75 
 
 0-72 073 
 69 -68 
 66 -65 
 71 72 
 74 76 
 
 79 79 
 81 -83 
 83 -87 
 84 '83 
 85 -83 
 78 -80 
 
 83 79 
 79 79 
 79 -80 
 79 -82 
 85 -88 
 88 -91 
 
 82 -83 
 84 -85 
 83 -85 
 77 -80 
 78 -81 
 77 -80 
 
 83 -89 
 80 -81 
 71 75 
 76 75 
 
 073 076 
 71 71 
 64 -67 
 
 70 72 
 75 74 
 
 82 -82 
 84 -89 
 90 -93 
 88 -91 
 86 -86 
 82 -83 
 
 80 78 
 79 -81 
 85 -84 
 84 -89 
 89 -93 
 91 1-00 
 
 85 0-87 
 87 -88 
 87 -90 
 80 79 
 82 -82 
 79 -82 
 
 92 '90 
 83 -83 
 74 79 
 77 75 
 
 0-86 0*90 0-89 0*86 076 0-88 0'88 0'86 0'82 0'68 0-65 0'63 
 68- 70 70 70 -80 -88 '89 '84 -69 -64 -61 '60 
 65 -68 -80 -85 -86 '89 '88 '81 '67 -62 -61 '61 
 66 -80 -84 -89 -90 -90 -90 '85 -70 -67 -65 -65 
 
 0-62 
 60 
 61 
 63 
 
 0-64 
 62 
 63 
 63 
 
 0-67 
 59 
 60 
 62 
 
 0-66 
 58 
 61 
 65 
 
 0752 
 695 
 687 
 729 
 
 782 
 795 
 80S 
 826 
 815 
 804 
 
 775 
 
 765 
 778 
 796 
 814 
 815 
 
 830 
 826 
 811 
 
 824 
 781 
 782 
 
 1 782 
 787 
 765 
 728 
 737 
 
 83 -85 -91 -88 -91 -93 -93 '88 79 72 70 '68 
 86 -88 '90 -91 -91 '92 -90 "86 '83 77 72 '65 
 88 -91 -91 -91 -94 '92 -91 "91 77 74 73 72 
 90 -93 -93 -93 -94 '94 '92 '91 78 72 73 70 
 91 -91 -92 -90 -91 -91 -91 '85 78 74 71 72 
 85 -85 -90 -91 -93 '87 "85 -83 73 74 74 71 
 
 67 
 69 
 67 
 70 
 69 
 69 
 
 70 
 70 
 69 
 68 
 68 
 69 
 
 70 
 70 
 69 
 70 
 70 
 68 
 
 67 
 68 
 72 
 74 
 71 
 74 
 
 83 -84 -84 -85 '85 '83 -83 75 71 -69 70 -69 
 82 -86 -82 -82 '81 '84 -83 79 -66 70 -69 '69 
 82 -83 -85 -80 -81 '89 -92 '85 76 71 72 74 
 89 -91 -91 -89 -90 -93 -93 '88 -80 75 -69 '66 
 91 -93 -95 -97 '94 '95 -95 '86 75 71 70 70 
 91 -91 -91 -94 -93 '90 -94 88 79 71 -68 70 
 
 68 
 ,'69 
 68 
 63 
 69 
 67 
 
 67 
 63 
 70 
 61 
 
 68 
 67 
 
 74 
 67 
 69 
 65 
 67 
 67 
 
 72 
 69 
 69 
 69 
 69 
 67 
 
 87 -90 -93 --95 -96 '95 -92 -89 79 -67 -66 '68 
 90 -92 -93 -93 -93 '93 '94 -89 -82 73 74 75 
 85 -84 -86 -90 -90 '91 -93 -91 -81 74 -68 '68 
 89 -91 -92 -92 -94 '96 -94 -91 -83 71 -68 70 
 83 -85 -87 -89 -91 '93 -91 -87 77 70 -68 '65 
 81 -85 -89 -90' -90 -91 -91 -85 76 70 -65 -68 
 
 70 
 69 
 68 
 70 
 66 
 68 
 
 69 
 70 
 69 
 70 
 67 
 71 
 
 72 
 71 
 71 
 70 
 67 
 71 
 
 76 
 73 
 72 
 69 
 68 
 71 
 
 82 -89 -91 -90 -91 -91 -93 '85 74 70 72 '68 
 91 -92 -92 -94 '92 -94 -94 -90 '82 72 '60 '59 
 87 -90 -87 -91 -91 -92 -91 -86 78 71 -57 '57 
 78 -82 78 .86 -86 -87 '91 -82 77 -69 -67 '58 
 73 78 -82 -86 -88 -88 '88 79 72 -65 70 -66 
 
 66 
 55 
 59 
 57 
 63 
 
 63 
 55 
 60 
 59 
 63 
 
 65 
 53 
 62 
 62 
 63 
 
 68 
 57 
 63 
 .62 
 63 
 
 Means 
 
 0707 
 
 748 
 
 769 785 
 
 787 -801 
 
 815 -831 
 
 834 -862 -877 -888 -893 -907 '907 -857 764 705 -681 "669 
 
 656 
 
 659 
 
 667 
 
 679(0781 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 _ 5 
 
 6 
 
 11 7 
 
 {H 8 
 
 ^ 10 
 
 g 1? 
 <J 12 
 7 13 
 
 tf 14 
 
 t> 15 
 
 2 16 
 
 t> 18 
 s, 19 
 20 
 fe 21 
 22 
 cc 23 
 ^ 24 
 g 25 
 26 
 27 
 2 
 
 3C 
 31 
 
 In. 
 
 0-020 
 
 045 
 548 
 583 
 593 
 
 646 
 668 
 730 
 722 
 735 
 757 
 
 731 
 704 
 716 
 741 
 737 
 714 
 
 804 
 793 
 787 
 782 
 723 
 756 
 
 ' 724 
 667 
 >i -642 
 1-682 
 
 In. 
 0032 
 
 614 
 549 
 580 
 694 
 
 666 
 673 
 705 
 719 
 751 
 761 
 
 736 
 734 
 721 
 718 
 731 
 723 
 
 807 
 809 
 797 
 739 
 725 
 735 
 
 710 
 709 
 660 
 665 
 
 In. In. 
 0-037 0'033 
 
 603 '599 
 593 -571 
 583 -611 
 
 679 -673 
 700 -697 
 726 739 
 704 720 
 739 738 
 722 704 
 
 759 764 
 691 702 
 702 707 
 729 729 
 736 738 
 731 720 
 
 792 794 
 782 786 
 786 760 
 719 741 
 719 717 
 730 726 
 
 732 739 
 718 728 
 654 -647 
 658 -664 
 
 In. In. 
 0-616 0-617 
 
 591 -585 
 572 -567 
 612 -601 
 624 -636 
 
 674 '678 
 705 713 
 724 723 
 724 -707 
 756 738 
 700 704 
 
 751 -714 
 690 701 
 691 -685 
 707 710 
 740 721 
 708 '693 
 
 780 794 
 790 787 
 752 -766 
 726 753 
 725 752 
 720 745 
 
 712 712 
 
 739 749 
 650 '663 
 675 -666 
 
 In. In. 
 0-617 0-032 
 
 597 '597 
 547 '568 
 593 -601 
 618 -610 
 
 681 -682 
 716 7-2!) 
 721 715 
 714 -710 
 746 747 
 727 725 
 
 711 "687 
 702 -706 
 701 -691 
 715 712 
 704 702 
 671 '686 
 
 792 798 
 799 -817 
 784 -805 
 753 737 
 751 751 
 727 751 
 
 705 '679 
 746 738 
 652 -678 
 684 -675 
 
 * * 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 
 0-643 0-645 O'US'J 0'616 0'602 0'641 0'628 0'057 0'608 0'038 4 G34 0'639 
 
 580 -592 '586 -592 '606 -618 -620 '641 -604 -610 -599 -588 
 554 -570 '610 -586 -575 '579 -576 '592 '568 '574 '589 '598 
 557 '614 '590 -614 -604 '593 -586 '610 '624 -630 '637 "633 
 
 In. 
 o-oio 
 
 595 
 598 
 614 
 
 In. 
 0-631 
 624 
 611 
 622 
 
 In. 
 0-652 
 
 594 
 579 
 615 
 
 In. 
 
 0-638 
 
 565 
 581 
 609 
 
 In. 
 0-633 
 602 
 577 
 605 
 
 652 
 671 
 699 
 700 
 714 
 733 
 
 723 
 721 
 714 
 690 
 703 
 700 
 
 734 
 
 794 
 783 
 761 
 732 
 735 
 
 715 
 679 
 689 
 656 
 667 
 
 656 -651 '655 -646 '646 "626 -622 '655 '674 '666 '669 "668 
 653 -642 '640 "648 '644 '632 '625 '654 '688 733 705 '682 
 681 '687 '686 '664 -682 '655 -644 710 713 722 719 726 
 681 -681 '665 '647 '664 '647 '651 705 '679 '684 714 720 
 687 '693 "698 -685 '687 '684 -687 745 725 750 724 738 
 717 717 727 732 752 743 731 760 712 734 732 736 
 
 657 
 693 
 719 
 717 
 744 
 717 
 
 734 
 715 
 745 
 678 
 723 
 708 
 
 693 
 700 
 723 
 713 
 713 
 710 
 
 721 
 669 
 737 
 662 
 710 
 705 
 
 665 
 
 702 
 725 
 707 
 728 
 702 
 
 749 
 689 
 704 
 688 
 700 
 703 
 
 647 
 674 
 729 
 733 
 731 
 732 
 
 726 
 699 
 704 
 712 
 717 
 699 
 
 739 736 729 732 731 713 713 707 '686 '693 71:! 732 
 711 741 721 720 711 735 73S 727 -693 721 729 735 
 709 702 '698 "685 '687 716 709 718 740 725 742 786 
 700 -693 '687 -650 -616 '658 -665 "676 -697 717 723 703 
 708 -692 '698 -669 '657 '664 -675 '671 '666 703 718 737 
 693 -689 '671 -673 '658 '637 -650 "674 703 "690 707 739 
 
 724 732 746 746 741 717 '696 728 723 702 747 775 
 807 -813 '810 794 752 745 739 777 '806 -804 -832 '839 
 778 769 '769 780 757 735 755 "800 794 773 781 786 
 779 763 737 737 743 741 719 761 751 723 739 782 
 738 728 725 729 723 715 710 723 712 725 740 732 
 745 743 736 727 '723 710 710 736 728 728 720 751 
 
 790 
 774 
 780 
 766 
 719 
 734 
 
 710 
 634 
 658 
 638 
 693 
 
 781 
 805 
 784 
 769 
 736 
 769 
 
 695 
 628 
 660 
 656 
 700 
 
 806 
 798 
 792 
 765 
 740 
 755 
 
 701 
 611 
 678 
 681 
 682 
 
 811 
 806 
 789 
 751 
 728 
 751 
 
 713 
 
 650 
 674 
 661 
 678 
 
 710 728 710 -685 -670 '671 '682 '681 706 713 762 736 
 673 -668 -663 -673 '653 '651 '653 '685 726 705 '652 '658 
 749 742 '680 -665 -649 -6i5 -631 '682 '688 703 "617 '626 
 665 -671 -630 -639 '633 -618 '642 -653 '671 -693 '098 -644 
 643 -653 -642 -653 -636 -627 -628 '630 -657 -682 732 704 
 
 Means ] 0-702 
 
 706 
 
 704 705 
 
 698 -699 
 
 699 701 
 
 692 -695 -687 '681 -675 -671 -670 -695 -696 702 706 711 
 
 699 
 
 701 
 
 700 
 
 700 0-696 
 
 
 
 * The 
 
 numbers in 
 
 these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
288 
 
 MADRAS, 1861 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIE AND TENSION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC VAPOUR 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 )ail.y and 
 Monthly 
 Menus 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. h. in. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. li. m. h. m. h.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. li m h m 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.11 10.41 17.41 18.41 10.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 l.U in' 3.4l' 
 
 HUMIDITY OF THE AIR-FEBRUARY 1861 
 
 CO-JCT3Ot*>.iOtO> OCOOOVjme^i>.ej3hS> 'OCOCO-JCJC7Trf>.CJtOl i 
 
 * * 
 
 0-63 0-67 0-70 071 071 075 075 075 076 0'78 074 0'84 0'85 0'88 0'88 0'85 0-69 0'57 0'57 0'55 0'54 0'57 0-57 0-57 
 
 ^IQ -RA. -R 1 ) -R^ '} -fil -KA. -7O . 
 
 0-703 
 
 718 
 773 
 
 785 
 790 
 806 
 827 
 
 773 
 751 
 740 
 734 
 722 
 770 
 
 840 
 847 
 817 
 838 
 835 
 854 
 
 784 
 781 
 777 
 820 
 835 
 
 -87-87 -90 -89 -90 '90 '92 -85 76 -72 '63 -60 -61 -53 -54 -64 
 68 74 -77 -77 -81 -85 -90 -90 -92 -91 '88 '86 -87 '87 '90 -87 75 -69 -61 -58 -59 -62 -60 '62 
 65 73 -82 -86 -89 '86 '86 -90 -86 -90 '90 -89 -93 '92 '91 -87 -85 -73 '62 -58 -59 -57 -58 -57 
 64 -74 -83 -87 -90 -91 -91 -90 '92 -93 -94 "93 -92 -90 '92 '86 '83 '74 '62 -60 -59 '56 -50 -49 
 56 -66 -79 -88 '89 -93 '91 '93 -91 "92 -92 -94 '94 -95 -94 -93 "86 -77 '69 -60 -59 -57 -63 -64 
 70 -81 -83 -86 -87 -90 -91 -90 -91 "93 "93 -96 -94 -96 -96 -94 -90 77 -67 -61 '61 -64 -66 -69 
 72 -77 '81 "83 "89 "86 "91 '89 
 
 - - - - - - - - -84-86 -87 -88 -88 -91 '90 -86 -75 -68 -57 -57 -55 '55 -60 -60 
 61 -66 -72 -78 -83 -82 -84 '86 -88 '88 '89 -90 -90 -91 '90 '86 -74 -64 -56 -56 -57 -57 -57 -57 
 59 -63 -71 -72 -77 -79 '81 '83 '85 .'86 '88 '86 -88 '93 -8 '83 -73 '62 -58 -58 -60 -60 -62 -61 
 63 -66 75 -89 -88 -85 -85 -86 -86 '84 -79 -84 -85 -81 '84 78 -68 '60 -57 -55 -55 -57 -56 -56 
 59 -63 -67 -71 -72 71 74 -81 -82 -84 -82 -85 -90 -85 '89 -83 -71 -63 -62 -58 -59 -59 -62 '62 
 63 -68 -73 78 77 '84 -87 '90 -90 '90 '93 '93 -92 -93 '93 '86 78 "65 -59 -58 -59 -61 -59 -60 
 fi'i -fif) -80 -81 -8^ -Ql -Q2 -Q3 
 
 --____-- -95-94 -95 -94 -94 -96 -96 -91 -86 74 75 73 73 71 .75 77 
 79 -81 -85 -87 -85 -86 -86 -85 -87 -94 '93 -96 -94 -95 -96 -89 .'78 -76 76 -75 -75 77 79 -78 
 81 -84 -85 -85 -87 -89 -88 -90 -88 '89 '90 -87 -89 -95 -95 -86 -69 -68 '73 -73 -64 -67 '68 -71 
 79 -82 -82 -84 -84 -87 "88 -88 -9 '89 '91 -88 -91 -90 -91 -85 -72 73 -75 -79 -77 -78 -84 -86 
 81 -86 -87 -86 -85 -87 "88 '87 -87 '83 '86 -88 -90 -94 -95 -89 -82 -77 -78 -77 -76 -68 -68 -79 
 84 -84 -86 -87 -87 '90 -91 -91 -90 -91 '96 '95 -96 '95 '95 -87 -80 -70 -72 -75 -72 72 -82 -82 
 "75 "75 75 "73 -74 -77 "85 "90 
 
 - - - - - - - - - -95-96-96 -95 -95 -96 -95 -80 -65 -70 -66 -66 -59 -58 -63 -62 
 68 -73 -76 -77 -80 -86 -85 '86 -86 -88 '88 '89 -89 -90 -88 "80 -79 -72 -63 -58 -59 -66 -74 74 
 71 -78 -84 -84 -85 '83 '87 "92 -90 -90 '91 '93 -93 -93 -92 -73 -64 -67 '57 -55 -58 '61 -63 -61 
 75 -77 -83 -87 -87 '85 '89 -90 -91 -93 '91 '94 -94 -93 -90 -88 -82 -76 -63 -62 -66 '67 -72 74 
 78 -80 -84 -90 -91 -88 '88 '89 -90 -87 '96 '98 -96 -95 '94 -84 -74 -70 -72 -72 -70 70 -74 -73 
 
 Means 
 
 0-691 -738 -784 -813 '827 -841 -857 '872 -882 -890 -897 -906 -912 -918 -918 -855 -764 -697 -650 '633 -627 "629 -652 665 
 
 0-788 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 r- 1 K. 
 CD 
 
 S 6 
 
 & 
 
 < 9 
 
 I? 
 pq Jl 
 
 K 12 
 ^ 13 
 
 Ji 14 
 
 K i~ 
 p 15 
 
 16 
 % 17 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 fc 21 
 22 
 
 t 1 OO 
 
 CQ ^ 
 fc 24 
 g 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 
 * # 
 In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In.' In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. Jn. In. 
 0-G4G 0-647 0-653 O'GoO 0'652 0'667 0'667 0'636 0'670 0'679 0'631 0'632 O'COS 0'605 0'607 0'652 0'618 0'5S4 0'584 0'579 0'670 O'OOo (C597 0'590 
 ^K'i -RC\R .<^Q .^78 -^n z.AR '^1 -^Cfi 
 
 In. 
 0-627 
 
 609 
 642 
 646 
 670 
 693 
 706 
 
 639 
 610 
 610 
 608 
 594 
 601 
 
 700 
 778 
 769 
 832 
 822 
 806 
 
 693 
 679 
 717 
 779 
 835 
 
 671 -644 -624 -580 -587 '583 '591 '610 "643 '680 -673 -660 '668 -585 -587 -678 
 698 -719 -712 -693 -675 -669 -659 "624 '615 -609 '-576 -65 '554 '557 '582 '619 -644 "658 -634 -C53 "658 -691 '669 -686 
 687 -709 733 -697 -695 -659 -631 -624 '571 '593 '582 -577 -598 "592 -5P2 '619 -689 '686 -666 -663 '679 -653 "670 -654 
 690 729 756 753 750 734 -691 -662 "645 -643 '625 -614 -598 '582 '608 '655 -688 '692 '671-708 "711 -684 -616 '575 
 -621 -669 -727 -760 '734 '740 -712 "711 '687 '663 -656 -673 -665 -648 "633 "658 '713 734 -715 -684 -699 -676 -725 -720 
 748 -789 -783 "786 -767 732 710 -668 "649 '647 654 -666 '651 '651 -651 '669 "730 '730 -728 -667 -680 -713 -736 -737 
 
 74.9 '74.4. -74.9 -fiQQ -701 R K , K * 'RRC\ -(59^ 
 
 -585 -574 -577 -580 -574 -588 '587 '631 '648 "644 -591 -605 -633 -633 '655 -654 
 642 -646 -660 '675 -688 '637 -621 '612 -608 '587 '569 '568 '563 '565 '563 "599 '641 -615 558 -5P3 -606 -613 '616 -604 
 613 -617 -648 -f32 '627 -622 -619 -609 -597 "591 -587 '572 -574 -582 -576 -607 '627 "582 -585 -609 -628 "630 '655 -640 
 636 -625 -666 -698 '658 -613 -609 -fcCO '591 "585 -564 -600 -613 -591 '617 '27 -617 "572 -560 -563 '581 -620 -598 -594 
 601 -605 -602 -627 '617 -600 -621 -6C3 -566 -562 '546 '534 '550 -535 '558 '600 '609 -585 -605 -599 -611 -624 -656 -631 
 620 -630 -637 '631 '606 611 -605 '603 '582 '563 '568 '562 -555 -543 "547 '581 '608 -589 -591 -604 -628 -663 '645 -649 
 
 R8A 'fifil -RRR -*?fi7 -PflS 'fil',4. -RAQ -f!41 
 
 -671 -651 -653 -632 -633 -637 '641 "688 '747 -737 -773 -798 '810 -779 -826 -826 
 838 -807 -809 -803 "782 791 789 765 771 -793 740 729 -697 -677 '678 '739 '747 -791 798 -812 -817 -827 '847 829 
 825 -838 '814 -811 '809 '816 -J-06 "812 781 -776 775 750 753 746 '698 '697 -676-712 -785 -803 -725 -734 -760 -755 
 811 -821 -818 -819 '819 -840 -843 '834 -825 803 '809 781 "782 763 759 776 753 '802 -&61 '923 -884 -910 -957-965 
 859 -873 -865 '839 '824 -830 -840 '819 758 767 769 791 '804 -801 7&3 '798 '837 '817 '882 -856 -865 -773 '768 -879 
 898 -857 -852 -838 '832 -850 -860 '841 -808 '810 "801 '748 -736 -720 "719 '725 -760 '732 -766 -832 -795 -806 -897 -864 
 
 788 '74.fi -79O '7DO -7f)9 -79 <: i '7K^ 77 t i 
 
 703 -688 '667 '653 '638 -656 -653 '632 -614 -721 '712 -704 -657 -653 -694 -672 
 702 726 719 702 709 -692 '651 "637 -631 -637 '628 -622 -599 1G3 '579 '599 714 717 -695 -668 700 758 '803 -795 
 751 778 -809 -795 -794 -775 750 '745 -721 -695 -698 -688 -665 -672 -656 '633 -648 '737 -678 -665 -687 -736 -734 -694 
 800 -779 -817 '830 '830 -808 -816 787 766 752 736 730 719 -697 '685 756 -803 '814 748 764 784 7^-6 -845 -852 
 855 -853 -848 -882 '886 -856 -842 '833 '834 -776 '817 -802 7SO -760 '751 '769 -796 -827 -864 -877 -876 -878 "899 -876 
 
 Means 0722 -728 -735 -732 "724 -714 -707 -695 '681 '670 -660 -652-645 -640 "638 -664 -690 -698 "697 -703 '706 '710 '727 -726] 0-694 
 
 1 'Ihe numbers in these columns are not observed, but interpolated for the sake of obtaining the daily means. 
 
MADRAS, 1861 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 289 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 Gottinfjen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 !.? 
 
 d 
 c.2 
 
 
 Madras 
 
 h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.ir. hm h m hm 
 
 * fi 
 
 til 
 
 II 
 
 BS 
 
 
 Mean Time 
 
 4.41 J.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 16.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.-11 0.41 1.11 'z.41 S.4l" 
 
 p* 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p . p. p . p. p. p . p. p. 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 77 77666 6 666 666 4445666666 
 
 66 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 2 
 
 556655566666633267898887 
 
 67 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 rH 3 
 
 78887777 7888855035676655 
 
 71 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 $ 4 
 
 555556667775555467558554 
 
 62 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 S -6 
 
 44444555 5555554445757555 
 
 54 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 b 6 
 
 55555555666666 6668 10 78776 
 
 69 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 S 7 
 
 688888888884444 31 31 1296558 
 
 64 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 p 8 
 
 56 666666 666 66-6 644 10 10 88 12 68 
 
 75 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 fc 9 
 
 888888888888888778766655 
 
 83 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 3 10 
 
 666666666 66666667895 10 677 
 
 73 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 >7 11 
 
 888888888877777777887776 
 
 84 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 i i| 
 
 888888888877777778556556 
 
 79 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 14 
 
 555555555555555565654455 
 
 71 
 56 
 
 ENE 
 
 NEby E 
 
 
 15 
 
 55 5555555555554368777667 
 
 61 
 
 NEby E 
 
 
 H 16 
 
 566666666666433324466667 
 
 59 
 
 NEby E 
 
 
 W 17 
 
 CH iQ 
 
 666666666666666669328888 
 
 69 
 
 ENE 
 
 1 
 
 
 ^ io 
 fe 19 
 
 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 7 7 7 7 5 4 1 14 13 13 12 10 10 
 
 113 
 
 Eby s 
 
 E SE 
 
 
 20 
 
 9 10 10 10 1C 12 12 12 . 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 12 12 12 9 9 7 8 
 
 124 
 
 sEby E 
 
 
 21 
 
 9 12 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 16 15 15 15 15 15 15 
 
 136 
 
 S E 
 
 
 22 
 
 15 15 15 15 16 15 15 16 16 16 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 20 20 16 15 15 16 16 
 
 186 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 EH 23 
 
 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 22 25 24 5 12 10 9 10 
 
 175 
 
 s 
 
 
 i 2 4 
 
 11 10 9 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 6 8 9 12 8 8 8 7 
 
 111 
 
 E SE 
 
 
 1 25 
 
 OJ 
 
 777777777744444442465554 
 
 60 
 
 NEby E 
 
 
 t iit> 
 27 
 
 11 89999999995555513567766 
 
 59 
 78 
 
 NE by E 
 Eby N 
 
 
 28 
 
 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 31 31 30 30 30 30 30 28 27 25 24 4 5 5 5 6 6 
 
 17 
 
 N N E 
 
 
 29 
 
 6 9 8 8 8 9 11 12 12 12 12 17 18 18 18 20 26 18 13 15 13 11 10 8 
 
 131 
 
 S E 
 
 
 30 
 
 8 7 7 7 8 8 8 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 27 28 16 9 8 12 12 12 
 
 104 
 
 >;by s 
 
 
 31 
 
 13 13 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 16 17 17 9 3 5 7 11 10 9 7 
 
 117 
 
 E S E 
 
 
 
 O OOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 
 
 
 
 
 Hourly ( 
 
 86 88 87 87 87 90 90 91 91 91 89 87 87 85 80 71 58 82 88 89 93 89 85 86 
 
 I CJA 
 
 
 Means ^ 
 
 BEE BEE E E E E E E E E EbN ENE NEbE EbN E E E E E E 
 
 > OO 
 
 E 
 
 iiiiUw 
 
 000000011111111243 100000 
 
 18 Obs.NW 
 
 Slul" 
 
 111121122224443323 210011 
 
 44 sw 
 
 BJPf,Bi 
 
 12 14 14 14 13 14 14 13 13 14 11 . 6 6 5 6 4 2 11 12 12 17 14 11 11 
 
 263 s E 
 
 ill! SB 
 
 5 * ** L 
 
 18 16 16 16 16 16 16 15 15 14 17 20 20 21 21 22 23 14 16. 18 14 17 19 19 
 
 419 ME 
 
 
 Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. lb. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 
 
 lb. 
 
 .a 
 
 O 
 
 
 1 
 
 0-40 0-15 0-05 0-00 O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-00 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0-35 0'55 0'65 075 0'50 1'05 I'OO 
 
 0-23 
 
 n 
 
 S 
 
 2 
 
 50 -30 -25 -05 -10 "05 "05 '05 -06 '10 -05 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '10 '05 -05 "05 -02 -05 0'05 0'02 
 
 08 
 
 ii 
 
 3 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -05 -05 -02 -02 -02 -02 -00 
 
 01 
 
 a g 
 
 O" CD 
 
 4 
 
 00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -00 -00 '02 -02 -00 
 
 oo 
 
 n 
 
 CJ O 
 
 5 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 go 
 
 -< 6 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -co -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 C i ~~ l 
 
 S 7 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 *5 
 
 * 8 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo '-oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 12 S 
 
 fc 9 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 
 
 00 
 
 M tfi _^ 
 
 8 9 a 
 
 53 10 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 go 
 
 a*> g 
 
 3 11 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -02 -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 S g 
 
 K 12 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oo 
 
 Ss 
 
 2 13 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 75 -80 '95 -80 75 70 70 
 
 23 
 
 ill 
 
 7 14 
 
 72 -20 -05 -10 -15 -15 '05 -00 '00 'Oa '02 "05 '00 -05 '05 '25 '45 -50 "65 T05 T25 T20 1'05 70 
 
 36 
 
 as 
 
 P 15 
 
 55 -35 -20 '25 '05 '10 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 "00 "00 -00 '00 '05 "20 75 T05 0'80 0'45 0'30 0'35 "20 
 
 24 
 
 s^S 
 
 fc 16 
 
 15 '02 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 -00 O'OO -00 -10 "05 "10 -15 
 
 02 
 
 -s<s 
 
 te 17 
 
 10 "05 "05 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 -15 -15 "25 "40 "40 "15 
 
 08 
 
 ^82 
 
 * 18 
 
 10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '05 -10 -25 -20 -05 
 
 03 
 
 l* 
 
 S 19 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 00 
 
 a*! 
 
 S 20 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -02 "15 -15 -10 -20 -30 
 
 04 
 
 a w" 
 
 2 o 
 
 21 
 
 35 -15 -05 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 "00 '00 "00 "00 '00 -00 '00 -00 "00 '00 '00 -20 '60 "80 '85 70 
 
 IE 
 
 J3 -4J z; 
 
 o o 
 
 o 22 
 
 50 "35 -15 -10 -10 -15 -10 -05 "05 "00 "00 "00 "00 -00 "00 '00 '00 "00 '05 '10 "35 "65 70 "90 
 
 18 
 
 IP- fl *^ 
 c JS 
 
 23 
 
 90 -35 -40 -15 -00 '00 '00 "00 '00 "00 '00 '00 -00 -00 '00 "00 "00 "00 "00 "00 "20 -35 -35 -30 
 
 12 
 
 1.5 ^ 
 . . . 
 
 g 24 
 
 30 "35 -05 -05 -05 '00 "00 "00 "00 "00 '00 "00 "00 -00 '00 "00 "00 '00 "00 "05 "05 "02 "10 "15 
 
 OE 
 
 S? 
 
 -r, 
 
 15 -10 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -10 -15 -20 '25 -30 -25 '20 
 
 07 
 
 ifr 
 
 26 
 
 10 -05 -02 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 "00 "00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -05 -20 "20 -15 '20 -15 
 
 
 
 CC ;- 
 
 GC i~> 
 
 ^ '27 
 
 05 -05 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 "00 '00 '00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 oc 
 
 ." M 
 
 
 28 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -10 -15 -05 -05 
 
 01 
 
 IS 
 
 29 
 
 05 -40 -15 -05 -00 -00 "00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 "00 -00 '00 '00 -00 "00 '00 '00 "05 "15 -25 "40 
 
 06 
 
 4-1 EH 
 
 30 
 
 30 -10 -02 -05 -00 -00 "00 "00 "00 '00 "00 '00 "00 "00 "00 "00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 02 
 
 Jo 
 
 31 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo 
 
 oc 
 
 g 
 
 Means | 0'17 "10 "05 -03 "01 -01 -01 -00 "00 '00 '00 '00 "00 "00 -00 -01 -02 "09 -12 -15 -18 -20 -22 -201 0-071 
 
 73 
 
290 
 
 MADRAS, 1861 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND 
 
 
 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
 
 1-s 
 
 c.2 
 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 hm h.m h.m h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h,m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h m. h.m. 
 4.41 5.41 6.41 7.41 8.41 9.41 10.41 11.41 12.41 13.41 14.41 15.41 16.41 17.41 18.41 19.41 20.41 21.41 22.41 23.41 0.41 1.41 2.41 3.41 
 
 JSgl 
 
 II 
 s 
 
 
 
 parts p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P- P. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 ] 
 
 10 888888888999 65448898898 
 
 87 
 
 E 
 
 
 2 
 
 6666788811111 11 31 31 35 779 10 7 
 
 51 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 
 
 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 72 1 1 31 31 28 28 22 17 13 13 13 13 13 
 
 79 
 
 Eby N 
 
 
 S j 
 oo 4 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 19 21 22 15 15 14 14 15 
 
 171 
 
 sby E 
 
 
 5 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 18 18 18 18 26 23 21 22 12 12 13 14 
 
 174 
 
 s by E 
 
 
 ^ 6 
 
 14 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 18 18 13 24 23 20 16 15 15 15 
 
 188 
 
 s by w 
 
 
 3 7 
 
 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 18 20 20 20 20 20 25 25 25 12 13 12 12 
 
 180 
 
 s 
 
 
 ta 8 
 
 10 10 9 9 9 9 9 7 7 4 31 31 31 31 31 31 28 30 19 10 12 13 13 12 
 
 75 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 h^ 
 
 PH 9 
 
 10 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 29 29 29 26 22 20 14 13 13 13 13 
 
 113 
 
 ESE 
 
 
 m 10 
 
 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 26 26 26 26 26 26 27 19 16 20 18 19 15 17 
 
 201 
 
 S S W 
 
 
 M v 
 
 S 11 
 
 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 23 23 29 28 10 8 12 12 11 11 
 
 190 
 
 sby v 
 
 
 1 12 
 
 -*" 
 
 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 23 23 23 24 27 12 16 15 13 12 13 15 
 
 156 
 
 S S E 
 
 
 R 13 
 
 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 13 9 9 9 10 8 10 
 
 117 
 
 ESE 
 
 
 & 14 
 
 11 88888 880000000002 13 12 12 12 13 13 
 
 67 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 S 15 
 
 13 H H H 11 11 11 11 11 11 3 3 3 3 3 28 28 20 12 12 10 11 11 11 
 
 97 
 
 E by s 
 
 
 16 
 
 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 H 19 19 25 26 20 15 13 13 13 13 12 
 
 154 
 
 S S E 
 
 
 g 17 
 
 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 16 14 12 13 12 11 11 12 
 
 132 
 
 S E 
 
 
 S 18 
 
 12 10 9988999888888448989888 
 
 92 
 
 E 
 
 
 19 
 
 998889 9 10 10 11 12 12 12 12 44844 55555 
 
 88 
 
 E 
 
 
 20 
 
 555775 5544443333587 77555 
 
 57 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 21 
 
 544555876666666669599878 
 
 71 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 o 22 
 
 778899 9888888 74304559855 
 
 75 
 
 E by N 
 
 
 2 23 
 
 555555 5555555 55454544454 
 
 53 
 
 NE by E 
 
 
 o 24 
 
 566666666666666335988988 
 
 70 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 W 25 
 
 899999 999444444333. 4 46544 
 
 66 
 
 ENE 
 
 
 2 26 
 P 27 
 
 4444555555555552 31 31 455678 
 
 50 
 
 ENE 
 
 N E 
 
 
 28 
 
 766677 7777222 2225 15 15 14 14 14 14 14 
 
 86 
 
 E 
 
 
 Hourly ) 
 
 oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
 106 104 103 106 107 107 109 108 101 100 81 83 76 52 35 7 2 148 121 114 116 115 112 114 
 
 
 
 I 96 
 
 Ebs 
 
 
 Means \ 
 
 EbS EbS EbS EbS ESE ESE ESE ESE EbS EbB EbN EbN EbN NEbE NEbN NbE N NE SEbE ESE ESE ESE ESE ESE 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 fcS.Sl('N W 
 
 0000000000222448 11 5110 000 
 
 4( 
 
 ) Obs.Ni 
 
 V 
 
 ='?1 llgir 
 
 111222222334677537832 101 
 
 71 
 
 S T 
 
 F 
 
 " ' ^l S E 
 
 17 17 18 17 17 18 19 17 15 13 10 9 7 3.2 1 2 8 10 16 19 21 20 20 
 
 316 
 
 S ] 
 
 ! 
 
 JIll^E 
 
 10 10 9 9 9 8 7 9 11 12 13 13 13 14 15 14 12 8 9 8 7 6 8 7 
 
 241 
 
 N 
 
 I 
 
 
 lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. Ib. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 4ft 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 
 1 
 
 O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO O'OO 0-00 0-00 0-00 O'OO 0-00 0-00 O'OO O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0-00 O'OO 0'30 0-35 0'60 0-65 0'40 0'25 0'20 
 
 Oil 
 
 e*-i 
 
 
 2 
 
 10 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '05 10 10 15 -20 
 
 03 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 3 
 
 05 -00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 10 -20 15 
 
 02 
 
 3 O 
 
 B"H 
 
 
 ^H 4 
 
 05 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 10 -20 -20 '35 -40 10 
 
 06 
 
 sl 
 
 
 oS 5 
 
 05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 15 10 -05 -05 10 15 10 
 
 03 
 
 1 
 
 
 - 1 6 
 
 05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 '05 -05 -00 -00 
 
 01 
 
 
 
 bn 7 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -05 -oo 
 
 00 
 
 oS 
 
 
 3 8 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -00 -00 -05 10 -05 -05 -05 
 
 01 
 
 s E 
 
 
 9 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 15 15' -20 
 
 02 
 
 2 "> -t 
 OOP 
 
 
 10 
 
 30 -20 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -05 -05 -20 -25 
 
 05 
 
 % s | 
 
 
 pq 11 
 
 15 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '05 10 15 -20 '35 
 
 04 
 
 03 fc 
 
 *)__! W 
 
 
 g 12 
 
 05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 15 -05 10 '05 
 
 02 
 
 g 
 
 
 I 13 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 -25 '25 10 '05 '00 
 
 03 
 
 w P rr 
 
 
 P 14 
 
 00 -00 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -05 15 -20 -20 15 
 
 03 
 
 Q I'a 
 
 
 15 
 
 05 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 fe 16 
 
 oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -oo -05 15 -05 
 
 01 
 
 r 5^ 
 
 
 F 17 
 
 10 -00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 15 -05 15 10 15 10 10 
 
 04 
 
 13 < * 
 
 
 W 18 
 
 05 -05 -05 -05 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 -00 -00 
 
 01 
 
 r 
 
 
 W 19 
 
 00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 10 -35 -60 '85 110 T55 1'50 2'05 
 
 34 
 
 -Si J 
 
 
 20 
 
 2-00 1-40 -35 '20 10 '20 -05 -05 -00 "00 '00 -00 -00 -00 "00 -00 15 -50 '55 '60 075 0'90 070 0'85 
 
 39 
 
 B 
 
 
 o 21 
 
 0-65 0-50 -35 -20 15 -20 10 15 15 '05 '05 -00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '05 15 -20 -30 -90 1-05 -60 
 
 24 
 
 gsj 
 
 
 22 
 
 65 -60 '25 10 -05 "05 "00 '05 '00 "00 '00 '00 "00 -00 "00 "00 "00 '05 -30 "60 "95 1'25 0'90 110 
 
 29 
 
 ^ c3 *= 
 
 
 o 23 
 
 60 -35 15 10 -05 -00 '00 '00 .00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 "00 -00 -00 10 -35 -40 '40 0'35 -30 0'35 
 
 15 
 
 Si 
 
 
 24 
 
 25' -07 '05 '00 '00 '00 -00 '00 .00 '00 '00 '00 "00 "00 '00 '00 '00 '20 '40 -40 '60 '55 70 70 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 35 10 '05 '00 -00 -00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 '00 10 15 "30 '60 70 -65 '45 
 
 14 
 
 . ' 
 
 
 ^ 26 
 
 40 -20 '05 -00 -00 -00 "00 "00 '00 "00 '00 "00 '00 "00 "00 "00 "00 -00 10 15 '30 '30 "25 -30 
 
 09 
 
 60 >* 
 
 
 2? 
 
 10 -05 -05 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 '00 "00 '00 '00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 -30 -35 -25 
 
 05 
 
 .2 -g 
 
 
 28 
 
 15 10 '05 -00 -00 -00 -00 "00 "00 '00 "00 "00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -00 -05 15 -40 '45 -40 "85 
 
 11 
 
 o ^ 
 
 i- O 
 
 
 
 
 
 *! 
 
 
 Means 
 
 0-22 13 -05 '02 -01 '02 -01 -01 "01 '00 "00 "00 "00 '00 "00 "00 "01 -07 12 19 "27 "33 -33 -34 
 
 1 o-os 
 
 1 
 
 
MADRAS, 1861 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 291 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOE THE MONTH OF JANUARY, 1861 
 
 Date 
 
 Gottingen Mean Time 
 NOON 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 3 
 
 ~ 
 & 
 
 .5 
 
 I 1 
 
 JS 
 
 p 
 
 ^o 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 O 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 8 
 
 Cloudy sky in 8ths 
 
 10 
 
 .1 
 
 * 
 
 -& 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 'G 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 
 30 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 cu, cr-cu, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 5 
 6 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 en, cu-st 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 fl-cu 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 en, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, hz 
 sc-cu, hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-eu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz ... ... 
 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-eu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr, D 
 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 
 cu, hz, D 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 sc-cu, D 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz 
 en, cr, cr-hz, D 
 cu, cr, er-hz 
 cu, hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 2 
 6 
 2 
 
 cu, cn-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 sc-cu, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 CU, CU-8t ... ... 
 
 cu, cn-st, bz 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 ny-clear 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 uy-clear 
 ou, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 
 ny-clear 
 
 BC-CU 
 
 clear 
 fl-cu, hz 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu 
 sc-cu 
 clear 
 fl-cu, hz . ... 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 
 cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, or, cr-hz 
 ny-ovt ... ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz, nim 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cu-st, ha 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-st, cr-hz, D... 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu-hor ... ... 
 en, ou-st, hz 
 eu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, er-st, cr-hz, D ... 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 
 fl-cn 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 1 
 
 cu-hor 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz . . 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 fl-cu 
 ny-clear 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz 
 on, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 en, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz .. 
 cu, hz 
 cu, hz 
 clear, D 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 fl-cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 ou, cu-st, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 clear 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz, D... 
 cu, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz 
 en, cr-hz ... ... 
 en, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st ... ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 or, cr-st 
 sc-cu 
 cr, cr-st 
 clear 
 
 sc-cn, cr-st... 
 
 BC-CU 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 sc-cu, hz 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-st 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 sc-cn, hz 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cn-st, hz 
 sc-cn 
 cu-hor 
 cr-cu, cr-hz... 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 7 
 1 
 
 fl-cu 
 
 2 
 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear ... ... 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 cu, hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 clear, D 
 clear 
 en, hz ... ... 
 en, hz 
 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st 
 cu, hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 4 
 
 cu, hz 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 sc-cu, hz 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 5 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY, 1861 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 37 
 18 
 19 
 SO 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 cu-hor :.. 
 ny-clear 
 
 1 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... ... 
 
 1 
 
 clear 
 clear, D ... ... 
 clear, D 
 clear, D ... ... 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear, D 
 clear, D ... ... 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 clear, D ... ... 
 cr, cr-hz, D 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st 
 clear 
 clear 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 It-cu, cr-st, d-hz ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st 
 clear 
 ny-clear 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear, D 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 cr, cr-st 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr, cr-st 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz 
 ny-clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr, cr-st 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 ny-clear 
 ny-clear 
 clear .., 
 clear 
 clear, D 
 clear, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear, D ... ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 clear 
 cu, cr ... 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 cu, or, cr-hz 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 clear, D 
 cu, cr-st, hz ... 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz 
 on, cu-st, hz 
 en, cr, cr-hz 
 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 
 clear 
 cu, cr 
 cr, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu-hz 
 cu-hz 
 cu-hz 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, d-hz 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 en, hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, on-st, hz 
 cu, hz 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 
 fl-cu 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cu-st 
 cr, hz 
 cu, hz 
 cr-hz, cr-st 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 1 
 6 
 6 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 6 
 3 
 7 
 3 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-hz, cr-st, D 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st 
 or, cr-hz 
 cu, on-st 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 6 
 4 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-st 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st 
 
 1 
 6 
 3 
 1 
 
 cr, cr-st 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-st 
 
 1 
 4 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 cr, cr-sb 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 on, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 5 
 2 
 1 
 
 ny-clear 
 cu, cr, d-cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 O 
 
 cr-hz, er-st ... 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cr-cn, cr-st 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 
 
 BXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 USED IN THE ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 1 8 1 ' > ' ' 
 
 1 | I | | 
 
 liilHii^^ 
 
 1 1 S : J 3 ^ w . sg J 4; M^sl^^^^S!?! & S 1 it fd 1! nl 8 -2 -8 '1 ,; fc 
 
292 
 
 MADRAS, 1861 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY, 1861 
 
 G 
 
 
 a 
 
 13 
 
 03 
 
 >. 
 a 
 
 E*> 
 
 T3 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 14 
 
 00 
 
 c 
 t"> 
 
 J* 
 
 CO 
 
 >> 
 
 T3 
 | 
 3 
 
 16 
 
 s 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 py 
 
 OQ 
 
 >. 
 
 t3 
 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 ^3 
 
 
 .5 
 
 !& 
 
 >, 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 1 
 c 
 
 >. 
 
 ^ 
 
 00 
 
 t 
 
 3 
 
 e 
 _o 
 
 5 
 
 33 
 
 S 
 
 00 
 
 
 ">. 
 
 M 
 
 00 
 
 P> 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Thermometers 
 
 Radiation 
 
 Air 
 
 Sol. 
 
 Ter. 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 30 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 3O 
 31 
 
 cu, cr, cr-st, cr-hz 
 fl-cu, cu-st, D... 
 cu, cr-hz, D ... 
 cu, cr, D 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st 
 cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 ny-ovt ... 
 fl-cn, cu-st 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 
 8 
 4 
 2 
 4 
 
 cu, cr, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 cu, cu-st]... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 7 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 7 
 2 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 105-7 
 100-9 
 104-5 
 107-5 
 108-5 
 106-8 
 
 100-0 
 
 108-6 
 113-5 
 109-0 
 118-5 
 109-7 
 110-5 
 119-8 
 109-4 
 113-4 
 107-9 
 107-5 
 120-2 
 104-5 
 108-5 
 108-2 
 103-5 
 109-3 
 107-5 
 109-5 
 108-1 
 113-1 
 104-5 
 109-7 
 104-7 
 
 
 
 80-7 
 80-7 
 79-5 
 79-9 
 80-4 
 79-9 
 81-4 
 82-6 
 81-6 
 82-3 
 81-4 
 81-8 
 82-8 
 82-5 
 83-4 
 82-7 
 81-7 
 82-1 
 82-2 
 84-3 
 84-4 
 84-7 
 83-5 
 83-6 
 83-1 
 84-6 
 83-3 
 85-0 
 83-7 
 83-7 
 83-4 
 
 69-1 
 68-4 
 66-5 
 66-4 
 67-0 
 67-1 
 68-0 
 68-9 
 68-0 
 70-6 
 73-0 
 70-8 
 75-1 
 75-2 
 71-6 
 69-2 
 68-4 
 G8-2 
 67-6 
 71-0 
 72-2 
 73-0 
 71-4 
 71-7 
 72-3 
 75-8 
 70-0 
 68-4 
 68-1 
 68-8 
 69-2 
 
 sc-cu, D 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 clear ... 
 cu, hz, D 
 en, cr-cu, hz ... 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 fl-cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cu-hor, fg 
 cu, cn-st, hz, fg. 
 cu, cr-cu, hz ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 1 
 3 
 3 
 
 ny-clear ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu-hor 
 en, cu-st, hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-cu, hz ... 
 
 
 2 
 5 
 2 
 3 
 5 
 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cu-st . 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cn-st 
 cu, cu-st, or-ou ... 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 
 2 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 
 ou, cu-st 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, hz ... ... 
 cu, cn-st 
 ou, cu-st... 
 cu, ou-st ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 5 
 5 
 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 cu, cn-st ... 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 (i 
 4 
 
 a 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu-hor... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 cu, cr-hz, D ... 
 cu, cr-hz, fg ... 
 cu,cr-st,cr-hz,D 
 
 3 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu, en-it, cr-ln, Him 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz . 
 cu, cr-hz, D ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz . 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz . 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cn-hor 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 1 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 sc-eu 
 fl-cu 
 sc-cu 
 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 fl-cu 
 cn, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 en, hz 
 sc-cn 
 fl-cu 
 cu, cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 6 
 5 
 1 
 1 
 3 
 
 fl-cu 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st ... 
 en, cr-st, hz 
 
 3 
 
 -1 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cu-hz ... 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 en, cr-cn, cr-hz. 
 en, cu-st 
 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz. 
 eu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, cu-st 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr 
 fl-cu 
 en, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu, cu-st 
 eu, hz 
 cu, cu-st ... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 fl-cu 
 ou, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 fl-cu 
 fl-eu, cu-st 
 fl-cu 
 fl-cu 
 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 dt-eu 
 ny-clear ... 
 fl-cu 
 cn-hor 
 fl-cu, hz . . 
 eu, hz 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, er-st ... 
 cu, cr-st ... 
 se-cn, cr-st 
 cu-hor 
 cu-hor 
 cu 
 
 1 
 ] 
 1 
 I 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 cu, cr-ou, hz ... 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 cu, hz, D 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 cr-st, hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 clear ... 
 cu, or-hz, D ... 
 cu, hz-hor 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 cu, cr-cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 clear 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 ny-clear 
 
 6 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 cu, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 on, cr, cr-hz 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 cu-hor 
 cu-hor 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st ... 
 cn-hor ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 g 
 
 B 
 
 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER FOR THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY, 1861 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 1O 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 SO 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 
 clear 
 
 , D 
 
 
 
 cu, or ... 
 
 4 
 
 cr, cr-st, 
 
 2 
 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 cu, cn-st, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 
 2 
 
 105-3 
 110-5 
 107-0 
 105-0 
 106-5 
 110-3 
 111-5 
 114-7 
 112-0 
 107-4 
 107-7 
 107-8 
 107-8 
 108-5 
 107-8 
 108-5 
 106-5 
 107-7 
 108-5 
 111-9 
 109-7 
 100-2 
 108-5 
 111-5 
 111-7 
 112-5 
 113-7 
 106-6 
 
 
 
 82-0 
 81-3 
 83-5 
 83-9 
 84-8 
 86-7 
 85-8 
 84-0 
 84-0 
 84-4 
 82-9 
 81-9 
 82-7 
 81-8 
 82-7 
 84-8 
 83-3 
 82-6 
 83-9 
 85-0 
 84-5 
 83-5 
 83-2 
 83-9 
 85-6 
 86-3 
 86-6 
 87-5 
 
 67-8 
 66-1 
 65-8 
 65-4 
 65-6 
 GG-2 
 67-3 
 67-5 
 66-3 
 65-9 
 (i5-0 
 G5-1 
 68-3 
 G4-3 
 63-1 
 63-2 
 67-0 
 (>8-9 
 70-1 
 74-2 
 734 
 70-7 
 68-8 
 G7-5 
 67-0 
 69-4 
 70-9 
 72-5 
 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 cr-hz, fg 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, hz, D ... 
 cu, cn-st, hz ... 
 cr-hz, cr-st, D... 
 d-cr-hz, fg 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 6 
 
 cr, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, d-hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 4 
 6 
 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 H-cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 clear 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, d-hz 
 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 It-cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-t, d-hz 
 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 It-cr, cr-hz 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 clear 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr-st, d-hz 
 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 clear, D 
 clear, D 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 cr-hz, cr-cu ... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 clear 
 cu, or-cu, cr-Bt.. 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz.. 
 cr, cr-st, cr-hz... 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 3 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 I 
 
 cr, cr-hz, cu 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 clear 
 clear 
 or, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 
 5 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 cn, cr-st, hz 
 cr-st, hz ... 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 clear 
 clear 
 cr, cr-st 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 en, cr-ou, cr-st ... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 
 6 
 1 
 3 
 
 cu, cu-st, hz 
 clear 
 cr, cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 
 clear, D 
 en, cr-st, hz ... 
 clear ... 
 en, cr-hz 
 en, hz, D 
 en, cr, cr-hz ... 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 
 cr-st 
 cu, cr 
 cr-st, hz 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz. 
 cu, hz, D 
 en, er.hz 
 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 
 clear 
 cu, cr 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 fl-cu 
 cu, hz 
 cu, or-hz ... 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 6 
 2 
 3 
 
 sc-cu 
 cu, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-st, hz 
 en, cu-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz ... 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 1 
 3 
 2 
 6 
 1 
 3 
 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 3 
 
 clear 
 cu, hz 
 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 cr, cr-st ... 
 cu, cr-hz ... 
 
 1 
 4 
 9 
 
 cr, cr-st ... 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 cr 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 
 2 
 
 fl-eu, cr, or-st ... 
 
 cr,cr-st,or-hz,D. 
 cr-hz, cr-st, D... 
 d-cr-hz, cr-st ... 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cu 
 
 6 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 2 
 
 cr-st, cr-hz ... 
 cr, cr-hz 
 er-cu, cr-st, hz.. 
 cr-cu, cr-st, hz... 
 cu, hor... 
 
 6 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 er-cu, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cr-ou, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 cr-cn, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr-cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz 
 
 5 
 2 
 5 
 2 
 3 
 
 cr-cn, cr, cr-hz ... 
 cr-Cu, cr-hz 
 cr-cn, cr-hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu, cr-hz... 
 
 4 
 3 
 5 
 2 
 3 
 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cr-cu, cr-hz, cr-cu. 
 cu, cr-st, hz 
 cu, hz 
 cu-hor 
 
 a 
 a 
 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
 CSBD IN THB ABOVE 
 TABLE 
 
 g 
 
 J . 1 
 t|l 1 
 
 " "B 
 
 llliiilL Jtllrdbiiliiflliiiilliliim 
 
 ( . "5 B "3 3 w 18 S < cq <S S> ft .a ,a 3 .a g e a a q o P. P. s * ". <o -u -^ s>. >. *: 
 
 IllgoJls^^aJi i.&sJ.ssjisilfcl S i i s. i PJ t s-S-s^S J T 
 
1 TABLES OF [ 
 
 MEAN * HOURLY + VARIATIONS 
 
 FROM THK 
 
 MONTHLY MEAN S 
 
 FOR THE 
 
 BAROMETER AUD DRV AND WZET BULB 
 
 THERMOMETERS 
 
 74 
 
294 
 
 MADRAS METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 
 BAROMETJUC PRESSURE (Corrected to 32 Faht.) 
 Mean Hourly Variations from the Monthly Means, 1856 to 18GO. 
 
 Gottingen Mean Time 
 
 Noon 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 lS 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 20.41 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 21 
 
 22 23 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras Mean Time. 
 
 4.41 
 
 5.41 
 
 6.41 
 
 7.41 
 
 8.41 
 
 9.41 
 
 10.41 
 
 11.41 
 
 12.11 
 
 13.41 
 
 14.41 
 
 15.41 
 
 lli.41 
 
 17.41 
 
 18.41 
 
 19.41 
 
 - 
 21.41 
 
 22.41 
 
 23.41 0.41 1.41 
 
 2.41 3.41 
 
 f 185)3 
 
 7 
 January \ S 
 IK) 
 
 I l 
 Means... 
 
 - -012 
 048 
 050 
 044 
 049 
 052 
 
 - -u.-il 
 036 
 039 
 033 
 035 
 039 
 
 - '014 
 019 
 021 
 015 
 017 
 021 
 
 + 007 
 004 
 003 
 009 
 005 
 003 
 
 + 022 
 024 
 021 
 026 
 020 
 020 
 
 ^028 
 030 
 028 
 034 
 032 
 030 
 
 + 023 
 024 
 023 
 027 
 020 
 028 
 
 + 011 
 013 
 014 
 018 
 010 
 018 
 
 + 015 
 
 -001 
 
 ooo 
 
 + '003 
 001 
 002 
 007 
 
 - '013 
 013 
 010 
 013 
 015 
 008 
 
 -029 
 030 
 026 
 030 
 027 
 021 
 
 -032 
 031 
 029 
 033 
 033 
 027 
 
 - '025 
 022 
 022 
 026 
 025 
 020 
 
 -008 + -012 
 008 -007 
 010 '008 
 009 -008 
 010 '010 
 006 -010 
 
 + 041 
 032 
 034 
 034 
 037 
 038 
 
 + '083 
 060 
 058 
 055 
 060 
 059 
 
 + 083 
 065 
 005 
 057 
 066 
 064 
 
 + -050 + -023 
 055 '033 
 056 '030 
 048 -028 
 053 '029 
 0.30 -028 
 
 -009 
 + -003 
 
 ooo 
 
 -005 
 + -001 
 002 
 
 - -036 - '051 
 029 'DM 
 030; -050 
 035! -053 
 032i -050 
 033 -057 
 
 -05j 
 05j 
 05" 
 054 
 056 
 064 
 
 30-062 
 010 
 29-994. 
 30-000 
 
 on 
 
 29-067 
 
 047 
 
 - -035 - '018 
 
 + -005 
 
 + 022 
 
 + -030 
 
 + 025 
 
 + 002 
 
 -012 
 
 -027 
 
 -031 
 
 -023 
 
 - -008 + -009 
 
 + -036 
 
 + '059 
 
 + 063 
 
 + 052 
 
 + 028 
 
 - -002 
 
 - "033 
 
 - '052 
 
 -057 
 
 30-007 
 
 ("1856 
 57 
 
 T < 59 
 00 
 I. 1 
 
 Means... 
 
 - -057 - -046 
 055 -044 
 049 -039 
 053 '044 
 049 -040 
 062 -051 
 
 -026 
 025 
 022 
 028 
 022 
 031 
 
 -003 
 -001 
 + 002 
 -004 
 + 001 
 -009 
 
 + '018 
 021 
 022 
 018 
 020 
 014 
 
 + -029 + -026 
 0321 -033 
 030 -029 
 031 -030 
 031, -025 
 028 -030 
 
 + 009 
 034 
 
 020 
 021 
 014 
 020 
 
 + -004 
 
 on 
 
 007 
 006 
 003 
 016 
 
 + 008 
 
 -012 
 
 ooo 
 
 008 
 007 
 
 on 
 
 013 
 -010 
 
 -028 
 023 
 023 
 020 
 025 
 02(i 
 
 -035 
 033 
 029 
 028 
 030 
 031 
 
 -030 
 030 
 023 
 023 
 024 
 025 
 
 -on 
 
 015 
 007 
 005 
 009 
 006 
 
 + -on 
 
 005 
 008 
 
 on 
 
 010 
 012 
 
 + -038 
 031 
 030 
 034 
 032 
 036 
 
 + 059 
 053 
 053 
 055 
 055 
 061 
 
 4 "068 
 005 
 062 
 063 
 068 
 071 
 
 + -057 
 056 
 052 
 053 
 055 
 '060 
 
 + -033 
 
 035 
 027 
 028 
 033 
 1137 
 
 + '004 
 008 
 -003 
 001 
 + 001 
 008 
 
 -026 
 02, 
 032 
 030 
 027 
 021 
 
 - '047 - -054 
 051 -063 
 052 -060 
 054 '063 
 050 '056 
 050 -062 
 
 29-989 
 934 
 997 
 995 
 940 
 956 
 
 054J--044 
 
 - -026 - -002 
 
 + 019 
 
 + "030 + '029 
 
 + -018 
 
 -024 
 
 -031 
 
 -026 
 
 -009 
 
 + 010 
 
 + 034 
 
 + 056 
 
 + -066 
 
 + 056 
 
 + -032 
 
 + -1X13 
 
 -027 
 
 - -051 - -000 
 
 29-968 
 
 (-1858 
 57 
 March.. . ; 58 
 
 054 
 059 
 059 
 001 
 059 
 
 -043 
 049 
 047 
 049 
 049 
 
 - '021! 
 028 
 029 
 031 
 032 
 
 + 002 
 -006 
 006 
 008 
 007 
 
 + 021 
 014 
 015 
 015 
 015 
 
 + 034 
 028 
 027 
 029 
 028 
 
 + 029 
 
 + -032 
 026 
 027 
 027 
 031 
 
 + -019 
 017 
 018 
 016 
 020 
 
 + -ooi 
 
 002 
 005 
 
 ooo 
 ooo| 
 
 -016 
 010 
 012 
 014 
 017 
 
 -027 
 
 ill-, 
 02 i 
 022 
 028 
 
 -030 
 022 
 030 
 024 
 027 
 
 -020- -004 
 014 + -002 
 023 - -006 
 014 + '003 
 019 - -004 
 
 + 020 
 022 
 016 
 021 
 017 
 
 + "043 + -003 
 015 -063 
 041 -061 
 04C -084 
 044 -061 
 
 + 087 
 088 
 087 
 069 
 070 
 
 + -053 
 057 
 056 
 058 
 058 
 
 + '023 
 029 
 032 
 033 
 034 
 
 007 
 + -IKI2 
 004 
 002 
 007 
 
 - -033 
 027 
 023 
 
 022 
 
 -056 
 049 
 049 
 055 
 050 
 
 -064 
 
 ooi 
 ooi 
 
 005 
 061 
 
 29-901 
 895 
 913 
 916 
 888 
 
 59 
 L 60 
 
 Means... 
 
 058 
 
 -O17 
 
 
 -005 
 
 + -016 
 
 + 029 
 
 + 018 
 
 + 002 
 
 -014 
 
 -024 
 
 - -027 
 
 -018 
 
 -002 
 
 + 019 
 
 + -044 + -002 
 
 + 068 
 
 + 056 
 
 + -030 
 
 + -002 - '027 - -052 - -062 
 
 29-903 
 
 
 ri856 
 57 
 April. i 58 
 1 59 
 I 60 
 
 Means... 
 
 066 
 065 
 070 
 058 
 068 
 
 - '054 
 053 
 056 
 045 
 052 
 
 -028 
 032 
 033 
 024 
 032 
 
 -003 
 008 
 010 
 001 
 009 
 
 + 020 
 013 
 015 
 021 
 
 on 
 
 + -038 
 031 
 029 
 034 
 030 
 
 + 038 
 031 
 034 
 034 
 032 
 
 + 026 
 021 
 024 
 024 
 021 
 
 + 007 
 003 
 007 
 008 
 005 
 
 -010 
 
 on 
 
 007 
 
 1)10 
 010 
 
 -021 
 025 
 016 
 022 
 019 
 
 -023 -'013 
 
 027 '018 
 018; '009 
 027 "020 
 018 -007 
 
 + '003 
 
 ooo 
 
 003 
 
 -005 
 + 009 
 
 + 023 
 020 
 023 
 016 
 029 
 
 + 046 
 044 
 
 047 
 042 1 
 048 
 
 + -082 + -059 + -044 
 063 '063 '050 
 062 '059 -047 
 055 -056 -046 
 062 '060 'Oi7 
 
 + -OLH 
 
 OSS 
 
 03.-, 
 026 
 027 
 
 -007 
 + -001 
 -006 
 <XH 
 004 
 
 - '039 
 027 
 034 
 031 
 '035 
 
 - -059:- '073 
 050| -062 
 056 '071 
 050 -063 
 058 '070 
 
 29-W23 
 829 
 843 
 850 
 824 
 
 085 
 
 -052 
 
 -030 
 
 -006 
 
 + '016 
 
 + -032 
 
 + 034 
 
 + 023 
 
 + 006 
 
 -010 
 
 -021 
 
 - -023, 
 
 -013 
 
 + -002 
 
 + -022 + -045 
 
 + 061 
 
 + -059 + -017 
 
 1 
 
 + 027 
 
 -004 
 
 - '033 
 
 - -055 - -068 
 
 29-D34 
 
 J1S56 
 57 
 58 
 
 064 
 066 
 088 
 082 
 067 
 
 - -046 - -030 - '003 
 052 -031 -006 
 050 '027 -005 
 045 '026 '005 
 054 -032 -009 
 
 + '020 
 017 
 013 
 015 
 012 
 
 + 032 
 035 
 028 
 031 
 026 
 
 + 033 
 037 
 035 
 034 
 031 
 
 + 022 + '005 
 029 '013 
 024 'Oil 
 025 '012 
 022 '010 
 
 -008 
 005 
 004 
 003 
 005 
 
 -016 
 018 
 013 
 014 
 -014 
 
 -021 
 021 
 015 
 016 
 013 
 
 -012 
 
 on 
 
 '008 
 007 
 006 
 
 + 005 
 007 
 006 
 007 
 
 on 
 
 + -024 + -044 
 029 "047 
 027 "044 
 026 -042 
 030 -047 
 
 + 066 
 054 
 054 
 052 
 057 
 
 + '052 
 053 
 055 
 047 
 055 
 
 + '039 
 037 
 042 
 034 
 040 
 
 + 022 
 021 
 019 
 017 
 020 
 
 - -003 - -029 
 006 '032 
 008 -033 
 009 -034 
 005 -030 
 
 -051!- -068 
 056: -068 
 055| -068 
 060, '075 
 054 '069 
 
 29-737 
 T28 
 713 
 763 
 707 
 
 59 
 
 60 
 
 Means... 
 
 065 
 
 -049 
 
 - '029 - -006 
 
 + 015 + "030 
 
 + -034J + '024 
 
 + 010 
 
 -005 
 
 -015 
 
 -017 
 
 -009 
 
 + 007 
 
 + '027 + '045 
 
 + 055 
 
 + '052 + -038 
 
 + -020 
 
 - -000 - '032 
 
 -055 
 
 -070 
 
 29-730 
 
 risse 
 
 57 
 
 072 
 073 
 068 
 002 
 066 
 
 - '057 
 057 
 054 
 051 
 057 
 
 -039 
 032 
 034 
 033 
 035 
 
 -016 
 008 
 013 
 010 
 
 on 
 
 + 008 + '024 
 Oil '028 
 010 -028 
 Oil -024 
 '009 '0221 
 
 + '032 
 033 
 034 
 029 
 030 
 
 + '022 
 025 
 027 
 021 
 021 
 
 + 'Oil 
 012 
 012 
 009 
 009 
 
 ooo 
 
 -002 
 001 
 007 
 003 
 
 -005 
 010 
 008 
 018 
 012 
 
 -008^- -002 
 014' '008 
 Oil -004 
 018 -009 
 Oil] -003 
 
 + 013 
 007 
 009 
 005 
 
 on 
 
 + 032 
 026 
 030 
 025 
 030 
 
 + -047 + '055 
 042 '055 
 042 '052 
 041! '052 
 044! '056 
 
 + 055 
 055 
 049 
 051 
 055 
 
 + 042 
 043 
 035 
 O40 
 039 
 
 + 020 
 019 
 017 
 023. 
 019 
 
 + 020 
 
 -004 
 004 
 006 
 
 ooi 
 
 008 
 
 - -028 - -051 
 028 ; -051 
 029 -055 
 022 '045 
 030 '053 
 
 -066 
 060 
 069 
 056 
 068 
 
 29-700 
 710 
 722 
 733 
 
 682 
 
 29-709 
 
 59 
 L 60 
 
 Means... 
 
 088 
 
 -055 
 
 -035 
 
 -012 
 
 + -009 + -0251+-032 
 
 + '023 + 'Oil 
 
 - -003 
 
 -on 
 
 - -012 - -005 
 
 -i- -(Hill 
 
 + 029 
 
 + 043 
 
 + 054 
 
 + "053 
 
 + -040 
 
 - -004 
 
 - '027 - -051 
 
 -065 
 
 f-1856 
 57 
 July.. -1 88 
 59 
 L 60 
 
 Means... 
 
 074 - -061 
 071! -054 
 070! -058 
 064 -052 
 076 -066 
 
 -04o| 
 0321 
 040 
 030 
 044 
 
 -012 
 007 
 OIK 
 008 
 020 
 
 + 011 
 012 
 004 
 
 on 
 
 006 
 
 + '025 
 030 
 023 
 027 
 025 
 
 + -032 
 038 
 029 
 034 
 033 
 
 + -023' 
 0281 
 025 i 
 027 
 027 
 
 + 011 
 012 
 MX)8 
 016 
 
 01.-, 
 
 + 001 
 003 
 
 - -ooi 
 
 + (! 
 004 
 
 -006 
 004 
 007 
 009 
 007 
 
 - '008 - '004 
 006 -001 
 008 '004 
 013 ! -010 
 010 -001 
 
 + 008 
 
 oos 
 
 008 
 002 
 012 
 
 + '027 
 026 
 025 
 021 
 031 
 
 + 044 
 098 
 
 039 
 030 
 046 
 
 + '053 
 050 
 050 
 048 
 057 
 
 + '054 + -040 
 050 -038 
 051 -041 
 044 -033 
 055! '045 
 
 + 019 
 014 
 025 
 019 
 024 
 
 -'005 
 009 
 
 + -003 
 - -003 
 
 ooo 
 
 - '028 - -050 
 032 -053 
 019 'OMi 
 025 '047 
 027 -051 
 
 -065 
 069 
 063 
 0(11 
 068 
 
 29-091 
 719 
 736 
 718 
 709 
 
 071 - '058 
 
 -037 
 
 - "013 + -009 
 
 + 026 
 
 + -033 
 
 + 026 
 
 + '012> -002 
 
 - -007 - '009 
 
 -004 
 
 + -008 
 
 + -026 
 
 + -041 
 
 + '052 
 
 + -051 + -039 + '020 
 
 - -003 
 
 -026.- "049 
 
 -065 
 
 29-715 
 
 f 1850 
 57 
 Autmst <{ 58 
 59 
 L 60 
 
 Means. . . 
 
 071 
 080 
 070 
 007 
 073 
 
 -055 
 067 
 055 
 055 
 082 
 
 -032 
 049 
 037 
 036 
 042 
 
 -005 
 021 
 014 
 009 
 015 
 
 + 019 
 008 
 009 
 014 
 009 
 
 + -034 
 030 
 026 
 031 
 027 
 
 + 036 
 031 
 029 
 036 
 034 
 
 + 027 
 023 
 022 
 026 
 024 
 
 + -024 
 
 + -on 
 
 Oil 
 
 on 
 
 012 
 ' -012 
 
 + 011 
 
 - -002 - 'Oil 
 + -003 '002 
 0001 -008 
 - -001! -012 
 + -001 -007 
 
 -015 
 001 
 009 
 014 
 
 008 
 
 - -on 
 + -005 
 -004 
 
 - -on 
 ooo 
 
 -002 
 + '018 
 008 
 003 
 
 on 
 
 + 016 
 034 
 024 
 021 
 027 
 
 + 038 
 053 
 043 
 042 
 046 
 
 + 051 
 063 
 054 
 055 
 058 
 
 + 055 
 060 
 056 
 050 
 057 
 
 + 042 
 044 
 O45 
 042 
 043 
 
 + 026 
 019 
 026 
 023 
 024 
 
 -ooi 
 
 Oil 
 
 ooo 
 
 002 
 007 
 
 - '025 
 038 
 028 
 030 
 032 
 
 -047 
 063 
 054 
 0.32 
 054 
 
 -064 
 070 
 067 
 060 
 072 
 
 29'7.54 
 7.37 
 75H 
 766 
 762 
 
 -072 
 
 - '059 
 
 -039 
 
 -013 
 
 + -012 
 
 + 030 
 
 + -033 
 
 000- '008 
 
 -009 
 
 '005 + '008 
 
 + -024 
 
 + '04t 
 
 + "050 
 
 + '057 
 
 i -013 
 
 + -023 
 
 '004 
 
 - -031 
 
 - '054 
 
 - -06!) 
 
 29-759 
 
 f-1856 
 57 
 .September < 58 
 59 
 L 60 
 
 Means... 
 
 -068 
 070 
 073 
 068 
 068 
 
 -052 
 053 
 057 
 055 
 052 
 
 -031 
 
 032 
 032 
 034 
 029 
 
 -008 
 009 
 006 
 010 
 004 
 
 + 015 
 012 
 018 
 014 
 021 
 
 + 032 
 031 
 034 
 029 
 034 
 
 + 028 
 033 
 036 
 031 
 034 
 
 + 018 
 024 
 027 
 019 
 023 
 
 + 005 
 
 on 
 
 014, 
 001 
 009 
 
 -007 
 001 
 + 001 
 
 -on 
 
 006 
 
 -014 
 
 008 
 007 
 018 
 017 
 
 -015 
 
 on 
 
 012 
 018 
 017 
 
 -006 
 002 
 007 
 006 
 010 
 
 + 011 
 010 
 004 
 013 
 004 
 
 + 031 
 030 
 023 
 -033 
 025 
 
 + 052 
 050 
 045 
 053 
 049 
 
 + 064 
 062 
 058 
 064 
 061 
 
 + 063 
 059 
 055 
 064 
 061 
 
 + -047 
 OB 
 043 
 051 
 047 
 
 + 019 
 017 
 021 
 024 
 022 
 
 -012 
 015 
 
 on 
 
 008 
 'OK 
 
 -041 
 044 
 
 on 
 
 039 
 037 
 
 -062 
 063 
 067 
 064 
 060 
 
 - -074 
 073 
 070 
 073 
 009 
 
 29-798 
 815 
 790 
 803 
 746 
 
 -069 
 
 - -054 
 
 -032 
 
 -007 
 
 + 016 
 
 + 032 
 
 + 032 
 
 + 022 
 
 + -008 
 
 -005 
 
 -013 
 
 -015 
 
 -006 
 
 + 008 
 
 + 028 
 
 + 050 
 
 + 082 
 
 + -060 
 
 + 046 
 
 + 021 
 
 -on 
 
 -040 
 
 - -003 
 
 -073 
 
 29-792 
 
 (-1856 
 57 
 
 ".tober ..< 58 
 59 
 L 60 
 
 Means.. 
 
 - '055 
 050 
 060 
 062 
 062 
 
 -039 
 036 
 042 
 04C1 
 046 
 
 -017 
 018 
 018 
 022 
 022 
 
 + 008 
 008 
 008 
 001 
 
 oos 
 
 + 026 
 030 
 026 
 019 
 024 
 
 + -032 
 038 
 033 
 028 
 035 
 
 + 029 
 033 
 ' '030 
 029 
 030 
 
 + '018 
 020 
 016 
 021 
 020 
 
 + 002 
 005 
 001 
 006 
 002 
 
 -on 
 
 013 
 015 
 Oil 
 013 
 
 -017 
 024 
 024 
 019 
 021 
 
 -020 
 027 
 026 
 020 
 023 
 
 -014 
 020 
 019 
 010 
 
 on 
 
 + -001 
 -004 
 + '003 
 007 
 006 
 
 + '024 
 021 
 02L 
 029 
 020 
 
 + 043 
 043 
 OH 
 046 
 047 
 
 + '058 
 056 
 057 
 062 
 059 
 
 + 057 
 058 
 061 
 060 
 060 
 
 + '039 
 042 
 044 
 039 
 042 
 
 + -010 
 on 
 
 017 
 012 
 015 
 
 -020 
 013 
 
 on 
 
 015 
 012 
 
 -043 
 039 
 035 
 042 
 038 
 
 -059 
 054 
 OBI 
 
 058 
 060 
 
 -060 
 055 
 059 
 062 
 063 
 
 29'887 
 
 854 
 842 
 866 
 844 
 
 -058 
 
 -042 
 
 -020 
 
 + -006 
 
 + 025 
 
 + -033 
 
 + '030 
 
 + 019 
 
 + 003 
 
 - -013 
 
 -021 
 
 -023 
 
 -015 
 
 + 003 
 
 + 024 
 
 + 044 
 
 + 058 
 
 + 059 
 
 + 041 
 
 + 013 
 
 -014 
 
 -'039 
 
 - '057 
 
 - -060 
 
 29-849 
 
 (-1856 
 67 
 November -( 58 
 59 
 L 60 
 
 Means.. 
 
 -045 
 
 04f 
 04i 
 04f 
 051 
 
 -026 
 031 
 02f 
 02' 
 03f 
 
 -00! 
 Olf 
 OOS 
 
 o 
 
 015 
 
 + 016 
 014 
 Olf 
 Olf 
 015 
 
 + 032 
 02S 
 032 
 03C 
 026 
 
 + '03E 
 034 
 04C 
 045 
 03C 
 
 + 02! 
 022 
 033 
 03! 
 026 
 
 + 018 
 014 
 021 
 021 
 018 
 
 -003 
 001 
 001 
 00(1 
 + 003 
 
 -01! 
 
 oie 
 
 Olf 
 02C 
 
 oia 
 
 -027 
 027 
 02r 
 031 
 024 
 
 -031 
 029 
 028 
 032 
 035 
 
 - '023 
 021 
 .'020 
 024 
 015 
 
 -00! 
 002 
 002 
 
 oos 
 
 000 
 
 + 015 
 018 
 017 
 009 
 017 
 
 + -036 
 042 
 03S 
 029 
 037 
 
 + '053 
 060 
 053 
 049 
 057 
 
 + -055 
 059 
 053 
 052 
 057 
 
 + 03! 
 013 
 038 
 036 
 043 
 
 + 013 
 015 
 
 on 
 
 014 
 014 
 
 -015 
 015 
 019 
 015 
 Olfi 
 
 -03S 
 03C 
 043 
 042 
 04C 
 
 -'051 
 051 
 057 
 088 
 
 057 
 
 -055 
 
 -05 
 05 
 05 
 05 
 05 
 
 29-929 
 948 
 968 
 890 
 935 
 
 -04f 
 
 -03( 
 
 -OOf. 
 
 + -OK 
 
 + 031 
 
 + 03! 
 
 + -02t 
 
 + 019 
 
 ooo 
 
 -oie 
 
 -027 
 
 -029 
 
 -021 
 
 -004 
 
 + 015 
 
 + 036 
 
 + 054 
 
 + 055 
 
 + 040 
 
 + 013 
 
 -oie 
 
 - 'OK. 
 
 -05 
 
 29-935 
 
 ri86 
 
 6 
 
 -0-K 
 04. 
 04 
 04! 
 
 ;04l 
 
 ) -'02 
 > -031 
 ) -03 
 ) 'Oa 
 i -03 
 
 i --00! 
 ) -OK 
 
 r -01 
 
 1 -01 
 
 i -01 
 
 + 02 
 01 
 OOf 
 00 
 01 
 
 + 03: 
 
 03( 
 02* 
 02 
 02 
 
 + 03 
 03 
 03 
 03 
 03 
 
 r + -02' 
 
 > -02 
 I -02 
 i -03( 
 ! -02 
 
 ) + '02( 
 ' -01- 
 ) -02( 
 ) -01! 
 ' 'Olf 
 
 + 00, 
 
 t -oo: 
 
 1 00' 
 
 oo 
 
 00 
 
 -014 -'02! 
 014 '02 
 014 -02( 
 01 1 '02 
 015 -02i 
 
 1 - -03c 
 031 
 1 -031 
 
 ' -03: 
 
 ( -03! 
 
 -02f 
 02; 
 02; 
 02< 
 02f 
 
 -oi< 
 
 oot 
 
 OOI 
 01 
 ' -00' 
 
 k + 'OOf 
 OK 
 
 on 
 
 00! 
 ) 'OK 
 
 + 034 
 03 
 03 
 034 
 
 ose 
 
 + -05C 
 05{ 
 05E 
 064 
 051 
 
 + 05-) 
 05! 
 06f 
 058 
 056 
 
 + 04; 
 
 04L 
 
 on 
 
 041 
 
 01; 
 
 + -Olf 
 
 oie 
 
 024 
 02f 
 02( 
 
 -01 
 
 oie 
 
 OOf 
 
 on? 
 
 ooi 
 
 - -040 - -054 - '05 
 038: -052 -05 
 037 -058 -06 
 033 '050 '05 
 032 -050 -05 
 
 29-972 
 30-023 
 013 
 29-982 
 979 
 
 1 5 
 V. 60 
 
 Means. 
 
 -04 
 
 j -'03 
 
 2 -'01 
 
 + 01 
 
 + 02! 
 
 + 03 
 
 i + -02! 
 
 i + -Olf 
 
 + 00; 
 
 !--01 
 
 t-'02 
 
 i - -03; 
 
 -02. 
 
 -OK 
 
 I + 'OOS 
 
 + -ose 
 
 + '05 
 
 + 058 
 
 + 041 
 
 + -020!- -009 - -03(1 - -053 - '05 
 
 29-924 
 
 Mean of 5 Years. 
 
 -Oft 
 
 }-'M 
 
 3- -021 
 
 -09 
 
 2 + '01 
 
 + 03 
 
 L +'03 
 
 + 021 
 
 + -OOI 
 
 !-'00 
 
 ) - -01! 
 
 -025 
 
 - -Ol- 
 
 + 001 
 
 + -02C 
 
 + 041 
 
 + 057 
 
 + '058 + -01; 
 
 + -021 
 
 -OOf 
 
 -03: 
 
 -054 
 
 -063 
 
 29-850 
 
MADRAS METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 295 
 
 UAKOMETBIC PKKSSURK (Correcteil to 32 Faht.) 
 Mean hourly Variations from the Horary monthly Means arranged by the Months for 20 Years 
 
 Gottingen Mean Time 
 
 Noon 
 
 1 
 5. II 
 
 - 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 General 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras Mean Time 
 
 li. in. 
 1.41 
 
 6.11 
 
 7.11 
 
 8.41 
 
 0.41 
 
 10.41 
 
 11.11 
 
 12.11 
 
 13.11 
 
 14.11 
 
 15.41 
 
 Hl.ll 
 
 17.41 
 
 18.41 
 
 19.41 
 
 20.41 
 
 21.41 
 
 22.41 
 
 23. 11 
 
 0.11 
 
 1.11 
 
 2.41 
 
 3.41 
 
 , 1M2-15 
 
 January.... ...j *~*l 
 [, 50-di 
 
 Mean for 20 years... 
 
 _ -043 - (> 
 44 33 
 4S 36 
 47 35 
 
 - -016 
 16 
 18 
 18 
 
 + -004 
 06 
 05 
 05 
 
 + -021 
 23 
 23 
 22 
 
 + '028 
 30 
 32 
 30 
 
 + '024 + '015 
 20 l(i 
 
 27j IN 
 25 | 15 
 
 + 001 
 02 
 02 
 02 
 
 - -017 - -031 
 10 30 
 
 13 2S 
 
 12; 27 
 
 - (): 
 88 
 
 31 
 
 -028 
 26 
 
 28 
 23 
 
 -013 + 008' + '(Mi 
 12 09 37 
 15 06 33 
 OS 09 : 35 
 
 + -038 
 60 
 
 5s 
 30 
 
 + -0(12 
 61 
 02 
 03 
 
 - '052 
 52 
 63 
 52 
 
 + 028 
 2.1 
 31 
 28 
 
 -001 
 
 . 8 
 
 + 02 
 - (12 
 
 -028 
 X 
 
 2:1 
 
 33 
 
 -015 
 H 
 
 47 
 52 
 
 -030 
 51 
 51 
 57 
 
 29-998 
 98fi 
 998 
 30-007 
 
 -040 
 
 - -034 
 
 - -017 
 
 + 005 
 
 + -022 
 
 + -030 
 
 + '028 + -016 
 
 + -002 
 
 - 'Oil - '029 
 
 - -033 
 
 - -020 
 
 -012!+ -008 
 
 + 035 
 
 + -058 
 
 + 003 
 
 + '052 
 
 + 029 
 
 -001 
 
 -030- -049 
 
 054 
 
 29-997 
 
 , is 12- 15 
 February...) * 
 (. 50-01 
 
 Mean for 20 yrars 
 
 - -Ooi 
 19 
 51 
 51 
 
 - -03! 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 11 
 
 - -(123 - -003 
 22 IK 
 22 HI 
 26 02 
 
 + -01C 
 2 
 18 
 IS 
 
 + -ow 
 
 i -H2-. 
 28 
 3(1 
 30 
 
 + 02(1 
 25 
 28 
 2S 
 
 + '018 + '001 
 18- 01 
 19 + 03 
 18 08 
 
 - -oi:j 
 18 
 13 
 10 
 
 -026 
 31 
 27 
 24 
 
 -'027 
 
 -031 
 36 
 31 
 31 
 
 -025 
 
 2s 
 27 
 27 
 
 -010 
 13 
 
 12 
 OH 
 
 + -012 
 11 
 10 
 
 . 1( 
 
 + 030 
 37 
 36 
 34 
 
 + '050 
 80 
 57 
 56 
 
 + 005 
 09 
 60 
 66 
 
 + '055 
 58 
 55 
 56 
 
 + -032 
 
 33 
 
 30 
 32 
 
 + 001 
 04 
 01 
 03 
 
 + 003 
 
 -025 
 
 25 
 28 
 27 
 
 -019 
 48 
 51 
 51 
 
 -031 
 55 
 57 
 60 
 
 2iri>7] 
 971 
 969 
 908 
 
 - -051 
 
 -010 
 
 -023 
 
 -002 
 
 + -026 
 
 + '027 
 
 + '018 + -004 
 
 - (: 
 
 . -032 
 
 -02! 
 
 -on 
 
 + 011 
 
 + 036 
 
 + '(I.-. 7 
 
 + J 067 
 
 + 056 
 
 + 032 
 
 -026 
 
 -050 
 
 '057 
 
 20-970 
 
 /' 1841-15 
 March j ?.; 
 (. 50-110 
 
 Mean fur 20 years . 
 
 -058 
 :,: 
 57 
 58 
 
 -017 
 11 
 45 
 47 
 
 - -031 
 27 
 29 
 28 
 
 - -006 
 05 
 07 
 05 
 
 + 017 
 17 
 15 
 16 
 
 + 032 
 30 
 29 
 29 
 
 + '032 
 20 
 29 
 29 
 
 + -023 
 11) 
 19 
 18 
 
 + -005 
 03 
 OS 
 02 
 
 - "013 - '025 
 15 28 
 12 21 
 14 24 
 
 | 
 
 - '028 - -021 
 31 21 
 27| 20 
 27 j 18 
 
 - -0011 + '018 
 08 20 
 05 18 
 02 19 
 
 | -Hid 
 44 
 42 
 44 
 
 + '059 
 62 
 80 
 02 
 
 + -060 + -055 
 (17 55 
 65 54 
 68 56 
 
 + 032 
 31 
 29 
 30 
 
 + 002 
 00 
 00 
 02 
 
 - '027 
 29 
 29 
 27 
 
 -051 
 52 
 51 
 52 
 
 - -003 
 (13 
 02 
 62 
 
 29-891 
 900 
 910 
 902 
 
 037 
 
 Hid 
 
 - -0211 
 
 -006 
 
 + 016 
 
 + 030 
 
 + 030 
 
 + 020 
 
 + 003 
 
 -Oil -MI21 
 
 - -02S - -020 
 
 - '(X)l + '019 
 
 + -012 + -081 
 
 1 
 
 + 060 + -055 +-030 
 
 + 001 
 
 -028 
 
 -052 
 
 -082 
 
 29-903 
 
 , is n -ir. 
 
 1 HI-50 
 A P n1 ') 51-55 
 (_ 50-60 
 
 Mean for 20 years.. 
 
 - -073 
 65 
 66 
 65 
 
 - -080 - -o:i7 
 53 33 
 53 32 
 52 30 
 
 -Oil 
 OS 
 10 
 06 
 
 + 013 
 15 
 12 
 16 
 
 + -031 
 32 
 27 
 32 
 
 + 035 
 35 
 29 
 34 
 
 + 023 
 22 
 19 
 23 
 
 + 009 
 01 
 (11 
 00 
 
 -006 
 12 
 10 
 10 
 
 -016 
 22 
 
 17 
 21 
 
 -019 
 21 
 19 
 23 
 
 -008 
 11 
 10 
 13 
 
 + 008 
 01 
 04 
 02 
 
 + 026 
 24 
 24 
 22 
 
 + 010 
 
 48 
 48 
 45 
 
 + 002 
 02 
 62 
 (11 
 
 + 001 
 61 
 61 
 59 
 
 + -01S 
 49 
 49 
 47 
 
 + 026 
 28 
 28 
 27 
 
 -004 
 01 
 02 
 01 
 
 -035 
 31 
 31 
 33 
 
 1 
 - '058 - '072 
 52 66 
 53 68 
 55. 68 
 
 29-828 
 816 
 823 
 834 
 
 -067 
 
 - -051 - -033 
 
 -ooo 
 
 + -014 + -030 
 
 + 033 
 
 + -022 
 
 + 000 
 
 -00!) 
 
 -019- -021'- 'Oil 
 
 + 004 
 
 + 024 
 
 + 048 
 
 + -002 
 
 + -060 
 
 + 048 
 
 + 027 
 
 - -003 - '032 
 
 -054 
 
 -068 
 
 29-825 
 
 f 1841-15 
 Hi-50 
 JIft y 1 51-55 
 1 56-80 
 
 Mean for 20 years . . 
 
 -062 
 (it 
 (12 
 05 
 
 -048 
 50 
 49 
 49 
 
 -02l' -'001 
 30| 07 
 27 04 
 29, 06 
 
 + 022 
 17 
 18 
 15 
 
 + 037 
 31 
 31 
 30 
 
 + 039 
 36 
 35 
 31 
 
 + -028 + -000 
 21 07 
 24 08 
 24 10 
 
 -010 
 08 
 09 
 05 
 
 -022 
 18 
 19 
 15 
 
 -022 
 21 
 22 
 17 
 
 - 'Oil + '001 
 12 03 
 13 01 
 09 07 
 
 + 022 
 25 
 23 
 27 
 
 + 040 
 44 
 42 
 45 
 
 + 053 
 55 
 53 
 55 
 
 + 051 
 54 
 53 
 52 
 
 + 038 
 41 
 40 
 38 
 
 + 020 
 22 
 22 
 20 
 
 -005 
 04 
 04 
 06 
 
 -033 
 31 
 28 
 32 
 
 -051 
 52 
 48 
 55 
 
 -067 
 66 
 63 
 
 70 
 
 20-710 
 730 
 
 748 
 730 
 
 -063 
 
 - -019 
 
 -028 
 
 - -004 
 
 + '018 + -034 
 
 + -036 + -025 + -008 
 
 -008 
 
 -018 
 
 -020 
 
 - -012 + '003 
 
 + 024 
 
 + 043 
 
 + 054 
 
 + 052 
 
 + 039 
 
 + 021 
 
 -005 
 
 -031 
 
 -052 
 
 -000 
 
 29-730 
 
 f IS 11-45 
 16-50 
 June 51-55 
 L 5C-80 
 
 Mean for 20 years. . . 
 
 -067 
 li! 
 69 
 68 
 
 - '056 
 56 
 55 
 
 65 
 
 -036 
 36 
 35 
 35 
 
 -012 
 12 
 
 11 
 12 
 
 + 010 
 10 
 10 
 09 
 
 + 026 
 27 
 25 
 25 
 
 + 031 
 33 
 33 
 32 
 
 + 023 
 25 
 21 
 23 
 
 + 011 
 09 
 10 
 11 
 
 -003 
 05 
 03 
 03 
 
 -012 
 13 
 10 
 11 
 
 -on 
 
 14 
 12 
 12 
 
 -006 
 08 
 05 
 05 
 
 + 007 
 08 
 08 
 09 
 
 + 028 
 30 
 28 
 29 
 
 + 041 
 46 
 43 
 43 
 
 + 061 
 50 
 53 
 54 
 
 + 050 
 54 
 52 
 63 
 
 + 038 
 42 
 39 
 40 
 
 + 022 
 23 
 21 
 20 
 
 -001 
 02 
 02 
 
 O4 
 
 -025 
 28 
 26 
 27 
 
 -048 
 53 
 49 
 61 
 
 -064 
 69 
 65 
 66 
 
 29-689 
 693 
 702 
 709 
 
 -088 
 
 - -050 
 
 - -035 
 
 -012 
 
 + 010 
 
 + -026 + '032 
 
 + 024 
 
 + 010 
 
 - -003 - 'Oil 
 
 - '013 
 
 - -008 + -008 
 
 + '029 
 
 + 043 
 
 + 053 
 
 + -052 
 
 + 040 
 
 + 022 
 
 -002 
 
 -026 
 
 -050 
 
 -066 
 
 29-698 
 
 (- 1811-15 
 July ..J *-?? 
 
 -073 
 66 
 68 
 
 71 
 
 - -ooo - -0:14 - -013 
 
 52 33 (ill 
 51 3(1 1 1 
 58 371 13 
 
 + 011 
 12 
 11 
 09 
 
 + '027 + -031 
 25 31 
 25 34 
 26 33 
 
 + 024 
 22 
 27 
 26 
 
 + 010 
 
 09 
 
 13 
 12 
 
 - '002 - -009 - 'Oil - -004 + "012 + '029 + '043 
 03 11 12 07 00 24 39 
 + 02 06 09 04 08 26 39 
 02 07 09 01 08 26 41 
 
 + 054 
 49 
 49 
 52 
 
 + 054 
 48 
 48 
 51 
 
 + 043 
 37 
 37 
 39 
 
 + 023 
 21 
 19 
 20 
 
 -001 
 01 
 05 
 03 
 
 -029 
 25 
 20 
 26 
 
 -063 
 47 
 51 
 19 
 
 -089 
 63 
 67 
 66 
 
 29-712 
 714 
 718 
 715 
 
 L 56-60 
 Mean for 20 years... 
 
 -009 
 
 - -030 - -035 
 
 -012 
 
 + 'OH 
 
 + -020 + '033 
 
 + -025'+ 'Oil -000 - -008 - -010- -005 + '008 
 
 + '026 + -040 
 
 + 051 
 
 + 050.+ -030 
 
 + 021 
 
 - '002 - -027 
 
 -050 
 
 -006 
 
 29-715 
 
 f 1841-13 
 
 August ; ."';;.;" 
 
 L 50-60 
 Mean for 20 years .. 
 
 -071 
 65 
 07 
 72 
 
 - -057 - '037 
 52 33 
 51 31 
 
 r.ii :tii 
 
 - -01 1 + -012 + '029 
 (17 14 30 
 00 11 30 
 13 12 30 
 
 + -033 
 33 
 31 
 33 
 
 + -025 + -009 
 25 09 
 25 12 
 24 11 
 
 - -OK 
 05 
 02 
 00 
 
 _ -014 - -013 - -005 + -009 
 15 15 09 02 
 12 12 08 01 
 08 09 05 08 
 
 + -027 + '045 
 22 13 
 23 42 
 21 41 
 
 + 058 
 53 
 53 
 56 
 
 + '057 
 M 
 
 52 
 57 
 
 + 015 
 41 
 40 
 43 
 
 + 021 
 22 
 20 
 23 
 
 -001 
 04 
 08 
 01 
 
 - -031 
 30 
 32 
 31 
 
 -051 
 50 
 62 
 51 
 
 -080 
 64 
 68 
 69 
 
 29-748 
 746 
 
 no 
 
 759 
 
 (Kill 
 
 -056 
 
 - -035 - 'Oil + -013 + -030 
 
 + -033 + 025 | + -010 - -003 
 
 - -012 - '012 - -007 
 
 + 006 
 
 + -024 + -044 
 
 + '055 + -055 
 
 + 042 
 
 + 022 
 
 -004 
 
 - -031 - -052 
 
 -067 
 
 29-751 
 
 f ISH-lo 
 September... -j '',^5 
 I 56-00 
 
 Menu for 20 years.. 
 
 -060 
 67 
 69 
 ' 69 
 
 - '052 - -027 - -OOs' + -021 
 52 29 05 is 
 52 29 05 18 
 51 32 (17 1(1 
 
 + 036 
 31 
 32 
 32 
 
 1 
 
 + -0:34 
 34 
 32 
 32 
 
 + -023 
 23 
 22 
 
 + -007 - -007 
 (16 Oil 
 09 05 
 08 05 
 
 -013' -'OH- -005 
 18 19 : 09 
 12 15 06 
 
 13 15 00 
 
 + 009 
 01 
 06 
 
 (Is 
 
 + -026 + -040 + '059 + '056 
 26 49 62 60 
 20 48 59 58 
 2s 50 62 60 
 
 + 043 
 48 
 44 
 18 
 
 + '017 
 21 
 19 
 21 
 
 -013 
 11 
 12 
 11 
 
 - -OM 
 39 
 40 
 40 
 
 -062 
 68 
 60 
 63 
 
 -070 
 07 
 71 
 73 
 
 29-788 
 763 
 
 777 
 792 
 
 -068 
 
 - '052 - '029 - '005 + '018 
 
 + -033 
 
 : -i\-,:\ 
 
 + -022 
 
 + 008 
 
 -008 
 
 - 'OH - '016 - -008 
 
 + 007 
 
 + -027 + -04S + -060 + -059 
 
 + 045 
 
 + '019 - -012 
 
 -040 
 
 -001 
 
 -070 
 
 29-780 
 
 | 1H11-15 
 
 Octo *r | jj 
 
 I 66-60 
 
 -051 
 58 
 57 
 58 
 
 -038 
 43 
 42 
 
 12 
 
 -020 
 21 
 19 
 20 
 
 + 001 
 06 
 07 
 06 
 
 + 027 
 28 
 28 
 25 
 
 + 034 
 38 
 31 
 33 
 
 + 028 
 31 
 29 
 30 
 
 + 016 
 19 
 16 
 10 
 
 -002 
 + 01 
 - 01 
 + 03 
 
 -017 
 13 
 14 
 13 
 
 -021 
 22 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 -023 
 24 
 22 
 23 
 
 -015 
 16 
 15 
 15 
 
 + 001 
 
 00 
 01 
 03 
 
 + -02(1 
 25 
 22 
 24 
 
 + 041 
 45 
 
 a 
 
 44 
 
 + '059 
 59 
 58 
 58 
 
 + 061 
 59 
 60 
 59 
 
 + 043 
 42 
 42 
 41 
 
 + 015 
 15 
 15 
 13 
 
 - -on 
 
 13 
 14 
 14 
 
 - -1139 
 10 
 39 
 39 
 
 -057 
 58 
 56 
 
 57 
 
 -050 
 03 
 60 
 0(1 
 
 29-861 
 827 
 865 
 849 
 
 Mean for 20 years... 
 
 -057 
 
 -Oil 
 
 -020 
 
 + -008 + -027 
 
 + -031 
 
 + 029 
 
 + -017 
 
 + '001 
 
 -on 
 
 -022 
 
 on 
 
 - -015 
 
 + 002 
 
 + -024 
 
 + 044 
 
 + 058 
 
 + 060 
 
 + 042 
 
 + 011 
 
 -Oil 
 
 -039 
 
 -057 
 
 OK 
 
 29-849 
 
 C 1811-15 
 November ...J 5 
 L 50-80 
 
 Mean for 20 years... 
 
 -041 
 13 
 
 12 
 46 
 
 -029 
 29 
 28 
 30 
 
 -009 
 08 
 
 7 
 (Is 
 
 + 015 
 15 
 17 
 16 
 
 + 029 
 30 
 32 
 31 
 
 + '034 
 33 
 37 
 37 
 
 + 026 
 25 
 211 
 29 
 
 + 011 
 12 
 17 
 19 
 
 -002 
 02 
 01 
 00 
 
 -018 
 19 
 17 
 16 
 
 -030 
 31 
 
 2H 
 27 
 
 -032 
 33 
 33 
 29 
 
 '028 
 24 
 26 
 21 
 
 -006 
 09 
 10 
 01 
 
 + 016 
 16 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 + 038 
 39 
 31 
 36 
 
 + 050 
 57 
 53 
 54 
 
 + 057 
 3S 
 56 
 55 
 
 + 044 
 42 
 41 
 40 
 
 i- -Ills 
 16 
 
 u 
 
 13 
 
 -010 
 
 1(1 
 12 
 16 
 
 -037 
 81 
 
 :i7 
 
 10 
 
 -052 
 50 
 50 
 55 
 
 -0-53 
 1!) 
 51 
 54 
 
 29-941 
 918 
 886 
 ME 
 
 -on 
 
 -029 
 
 -OOs 
 
 din 
 
 + 031 
 
 -1- -035 
 
 + 027 
 
 + '015 
 
 -001 
 
 -017 
 
 -029 
 
 -032 
 
 - -023 
 
 00) 
 
 + '014J+-037 
 
 + 055 
 
 + -030 
 
 + 012 
 
 + 015 
 
 - -012 - -<07 
 
 - '052 
 
 -052 
 
 29-932 
 
 f 1841-1.) 
 Decemlr..J ^ 
 L 56-60 
 
 -ow 
 
 41 
 48 
 
 15 
 
 -030 
 28 
 
 211 
 32 
 
 -on 
 
 10 
 08 
 11 
 
 + 011 
 12 
 14 
 12 
 
 + 028 
 80 
 31 
 28 
 
 + 035 
 33 
 36 
 35 
 
 + 027 
 2li 
 I'll 
 28 
 
 + 016 
 14 
 18 
 18 
 
 + 003 
 - 02 
 + 03 
 + 03 
 
 -Oil 
 19 
 13 
 14 
 
 ir.jn 
 88 
 
 a 
 
 28 
 
 -034 
 35 
 31 
 33 
 
 -021 
 20 
 21 
 25 
 
 -Oil 
 12 
 11 
 10 
 
 + 009 
 08 
 08 
 09 
 
 ; '(til 
 
 36 
 36 
 36 
 
 + 055 
 55 
 55 
 65 
 
 + 057 
 57 
 57 
 58 
 
 + 047 
 
 ii ; 
 
 4 
 45 
 
 + -022 
 22 
 22 
 20 
 
 --OOH 
 08 
 
 IK 
 
 OB 
 
 -035 
 33 
 31 
 36 
 
 -052 
 17 
 50 
 53 
 
 -051 
 IS 
 
 54 
 
 woes 
 
 957 
 
 1BI2 
 994 
 
 Mean for 20 years. . 
 
 -Oil 
 
 -030 
 
 -010 
 
 + 012 
 
 + 029 
 
 + 035 
 
 + 028 
 
 + 016 
 
 + -002 
 
 -015 
 
 - "029 - -033 
 
 -025 
 
 -on 
 
 + 008 
 
 + 036 
 
 + 035 
 
 + 057 
 
 + 010,+ -021 
 
 -008 
 
 -031 
 
 . OH 
 
 -052 
 
 20-H77 
 
 Ti^arly Mean of 20 
 years 
 
 -059 
 
 -045 
 
 02.-, 
 
 -002 
 
 + 019 
 
 , -11:11 
 
 + 030 
 
 + 020 
 
 + '005 
 
 -010 
 
 -020 
 
 -023 
 
 -015 
 
 -001 
 
 + 020 
 
 + 041 
 
 + '037 
 
 + .058 
 
 + -013 
 
 + 023 
 
 -005 
 
 -032 
 
 -052 
 
 -002 
 
 29-844 
 
296 
 
 MADRAS METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 STANDARD DRY THKRMOMKTKR 
 
 Mean hour y Variations from the Monthly Means, 1850 to 1800 
 
 Gottiugen Mean Time 
 
 Xoitii 
 
 1 
 
 0.41 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 s 
 
 9 
 
 10 11 12 
 
 13 
 
 1 4 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 0.41 
 
 21 
 
 22 23 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Mc'Hll.s 
 
 Madras Mean Time 
 
 i. m. 
 4.41 
 
 5.41 
 
 7.41 
 
 K.41 
 
 9.41 
 
 1(1.41 
 
 11.41 
 
 12. H 
 
 13.41 
 
 14.41 
 
 15.41 10.41 
 
 17.41 
 
 18.411 
 
 19.41 
 
 20. 41 
 
 21.41 
 
 22.41 
 
 23.41 
 
 1.41 
 
 2.41 
 
 3.41 
 
 '1850 
 67 
 58 
 
 + 4'7 
 2'7 
 3'7 
 3-1 
 3-6 
 :i-2 
 
 + 27 
 1-5 
 2'3 
 19 
 2'0 
 
 re 
 
 + 0-8 
 0-5 
 1-0 
 
 i-o 
 
 0-9 
 0'6 
 
 -e-4 
 
 + 0-1 
 
 0-4 
 0-4 
 0-3 
 
 o-i 
 
 -1-2 
 0-2 
 0-3 
 0-3 
 0-2 
 0-3 
 
 -2-0 
 0-5 
 1-0 
 1-1 
 0-8 
 0-8 
 
 -2'8 
 
 i-o 
 
 1-7 
 1-5 
 1-2 
 1'3 
 
 -3-2 
 1-3 
 2-4 
 2-2 
 1-9 
 1-8 
 
 -3-9 
 2-3 
 3-1 
 
 2-8 
 3-0 
 2-4 
 
 - 4-1 
 2-9 
 3-8 
 3-2 
 Til 
 3-3 
 
 -4-9 
 3-1 
 4- 
 ft 
 
 4-4 
 4-1 
 
 - 5-5 
 4-0 
 5-0 
 4-0 
 6-0 
 4-8 
 
 -0-1 
 4-8 
 5-4 
 4-6 
 5-4 
 ft 
 
 -fi'8 
 5-1 
 0-1 
 5-0 
 5-7 
 6-0 
 
 - fi-s 
 6-2 
 6-0 
 5'0 
 0-1 
 6-0 
 
 -2-9 
 2-9 
 3-4 
 2-lJ 
 3-8 
 ft 
 
 + 1-8 + 4-3 
 0-2 2-5 
 0- 4 3-0 
 (Vo 2'li 
 0-1 2-6 
 0-5 3-3 
 
 -1- 5-6 
 3-7 
 1ft 
 4-0 
 4-3 
 I'll 
 
 + 8-5 
 4-5 
 5'4 
 4-5 
 5-4 
 5-3 
 
 + 0-7 + 6-8 
 4-8 4-H 
 6-0 6-8 
 5-0 4-9 
 5-7 6-4 
 5-5 6-5 
 
 + 6-2 
 4-4 
 5-B 
 4T> 
 6-2 
 5-0 
 
 + 5-9 
 3-8 
 4-8 
 4-0 
 4-7 
 4-4 
 
 75-7 
 75-3 
 74-0 
 74-4 
 74-5 
 76-5 
 
 80 
 
 1 01 
 
 Means... 
 
 + 3-50 
 
 + 2-00 + 0-80 
 
 + 0'15 
 
 -0-42 
 
 -1-03 
 
 -1-58, -2-13 
 
 -2-92 
 
 - 3'58 
 
 -4-15 
 
 -4-72 -5-22J- 5-78 -5-85 
 
 -3-10 
 
 + 0-58 ! + 3'OC 
 
 + 4-45 
 
 + 5-27 
 
 + 5-02 
 
 *MM 
 
 + 5-53 
 
 + 5-ir, 
 
 + 4-6(1 
 
 75-07 
 
 fl850 
 
 57 
 
 February I f* 
 
 80 
 
 L 01 
 
 Means . 
 
 + 3'9 
 5'3 
 I'd 
 1-2 
 4-4 
 5-0 
 
 + 2-1 
 ft 
 2-8 
 2-3 
 2'5 
 3'3 
 
 + 0'9 
 
 n 
 
 - 9 
 1-0 
 1-2 
 1-5 
 
 + 0-2 
 0'3 
 0-2 
 (VI 
 0'3 
 0-3 
 
 -O'o 
 0-8 
 0'5 
 0-7 
 0-5 
 0-5 
 
 -I'O 
 1'9 
 1-1 
 1-4 
 1-5 
 1'5 
 
 -1'7 
 2'8 
 1'7 
 2'1 
 2'2 
 2-4 
 
 -2-4 
 3-0 
 2-4 
 2-7 
 2-9 
 3-5 
 
 - 3'3 
 4-8 
 3-0 
 3-5 
 3-6 
 4-5 
 
 -4-2 
 5-4 
 
 3-8 
 4'L> 
 4'6 
 
 n 
 
 - 5-1 
 5-9 
 4-7 
 4-9 
 5-1 
 5-9 
 
 -5-8 
 6-3 
 5-7 
 5-4 
 5-7 
 (i-n 
 
 -6-5 
 
 (1-8 
 6-8 
 5-8 
 6-2 
 7-2 
 
 -7-2 
 7'2 
 7'4 
 6-2 
 
 (I'll 
 7*7 
 
 - (i-ll 
 7*1 
 7-2 
 fl-3 
 0-6 
 7' 7 
 
 -2-7 
 3-8 
 
 3-* 
 
 3-0 
 
 3-.1 
 4-2 
 
 + 1-4 
 0'2 
 
 -0-2 
 + 0-6 
 
 o-i 
 
 0-6 
 
 + 3-7 
 3-6 
 3'4 
 3-1 
 3-0 
 3-7 
 
 + 6-2 
 5-0 
 4-8 
 4'8 
 
 4-!) 
 5-9 
 
 + 5-9 
 6-7 
 6-2 
 5-8 
 6-4 
 7-0 
 
 + (!:! 
 7-4 
 6-6 
 6-4 
 ii-ii 
 7-5 
 
 + 6-3 + 5-7 
 7-0 7-2 
 6-6 i 6-6 
 6-6 6'2 
 7-0 (i-0 
 7-0 7-2 
 
 + f/1 
 6-5 
 5-9 
 5-8 
 5-8 
 6-5 
 
 78-!l 
 7.V 1 
 7(1-2 
 77-1 
 
 7(i-2 
 
 + 4'57 | +2'73 
 
 + 1-17 
 
 + 0-231-0-58; -1-40 
 
 - 2'15 - 2-92 
 
 -3-78 
 
 - 4-57 
 
 - 5-27 
 
 5-95 - O'jf) - 7-0.1 
 
 (i'97 
 
 - 3-50 + 0-45! + 3-42 
 
 + 5-20 
 
 +. (1-33 
 
 + 6'85 + 6'95 + 6*57 
 
 + 5-9(1 
 
 70-92 
 
 f 185(1 
 57 
 March J 58 
 59 
 I 00 
 
 Heiins 
 
 + 3'9 
 4'4 
 4-3 
 3-7 
 4'3 
 
 + 1-9 
 ft 
 2'4 
 1-5 
 1-9 
 
 + 0-3 
 0V, 
 0-4 
 O'O 
 OT> 
 
 -0-4 
 O'S 
 0-4 
 0-8 
 0-4 
 
 -1-1 
 0-9 
 I'D 
 1-4 
 1-0 
 
 -1'7 
 I'fl 
 1-5 
 2-0 
 1-5 
 
 -2'3 
 2'3 
 2'1 
 2'5 
 2'1 
 
 -3-0 
 
 2-8 
 3-1 
 2-7 
 
 -3-9 
 4-2 
 3'8 
 3-9 
 3-9 
 
 -4-7 
 5-0 
 4-7 
 4-7 
 5-0 
 
 -5-3 
 
 5-7 
 5-5 
 :,-t 
 6-7 
 
 -5-8 
 6-2 
 6-1 
 5-7 
 6-8 
 
 -0-4 
 6-7 
 6-7 
 0-2 
 6-8 
 
 -6'9 
 6-9 
 7-0 
 0-5 
 7-2 
 
 -6-2 
 6-0 
 0-2 
 5'9 
 6-5 
 
 -2-2 
 2'4 
 2-8 
 
 1-9 
 2-0 
 
 + 1-6 
 1-3 
 0-9 
 1-9 
 1-3 
 
 + 4-2 
 4-0 
 3-8 
 4-6 
 
 4-il 
 
 + 6-8 
 6-7 
 6-7 
 6-4 
 6-2 
 
 + 6-5 
 0-5 
 6-4 
 7'1 
 7-2 
 
 + 6-6 
 7-0 
 8-7 
 7-2 
 7-4 
 
 + 6-7 
 6-9 
 6-7 
 6-8 
 
 7-1 
 
 + 0-3 
 fi-6 
 6-4 
 
 o-i 
 
 6-9 
 
 + 5-4 
 
 r.-H 
 
 5-7 
 5-3 
 5-9 
 
 81-1 
 
 80-J 
 
 Ml )-2 
 81 -4 
 81-7 
 
 + 4-ll! 
 
 + 2-00 
 
 + 0-34 
 
 - 0-46 - 1-08 
 
 -1-66 
 
 -2-26-2-96 
 
 -3-94 
 
 - 4-82 - -.->2 - 11-02 - 8-56 
 
 -6-90 
 
 -0-28 
 
 -2-34 + 1-40 
 
 + 4-12 + 6-9B 
 
 + 6-74 
 
 + 8-98 
 
 + 0-84 + 6-46 
 
 + 5-62 
 
 80-92 
 
 C 18f)fl 
 57 
 April -i 58 
 
 + 2-fi 
 3'4 
 3-5 
 2'2 
 3-4 
 
 + 0-7 
 1-3 
 1-1 
 0-9 
 1-1 
 
 -1-2 
 0-6 
 0-6 
 0-8 
 
 IV8 
 
 -1-8 
 1-4 
 1-3 
 0-8 
 1-7 
 
 -2-2 
 1-8 
 1-7 
 1-3 
 2-2 
 
 -2'5 
 2-2 
 2-0 
 1-7 
 2-7 
 
 -2-9 
 . 2-6 
 2-5 
 2-1 
 3-1 
 
 -3-5 
 3-0 
 3-2 
 
 2-7 
 3-7 
 
 -8-8 
 8-5 
 3-8 
 3-2 
 4'4 
 
 -4-2 
 4'2 
 4-4 
 3-7 
 5-2 
 
 -4-6 
 4-9 
 
 4-8 
 
 5-9 
 
 -6-1 
 5-4 
 6-4 
 4-7 
 6-1 
 
 -5-7 
 6-0 
 (i-0 
 5-2 
 (i-t 
 
 -6-0 
 6-4 
 6-4 
 5-5 
 6-7 
 
 -4-0 
 4-1 
 4-5 
 3-6 
 
 4-<i 
 
 -o-o 
 
 0-5 
 
 1-2 
 0-4 
 
 (i-il 
 
 + 2'3 
 2-2 
 1-7 
 1'9 
 2-6 
 
 + 4-6 
 4-6 
 
 4-:i 
 
 3-7 
 
 5-3 
 
 + 6-1 
 5-6 
 5-8 
 4-9 
 7-0 
 
 + 7-1 
 6-5 
 6-8 
 5-4 
 
 7-5 
 
 + 7-1 
 6-5 
 6-5 
 6-7 
 7'6 
 
 + 6-9 
 (i-2 
 6-4 
 5-0 
 7-1 
 
 + 5-9 
 6-7 
 6-9 
 4-6 
 6-5 
 
 + 4-8 
 4-6 
 5-0 
 3'8 
 5-1 
 
 BS'B 
 
 84-7 
 S4-I1 
 84-3 
 
 S.V4 
 
 5 
 ^ 00 
 
 Means... 
 
 + 3-02 
 
 + 1M)2 
 
 -0-70 -1-401 1-84 
 
 -2-22 
 
 -2-64 
 
 -3-22 
 
 -3-74 
 
 - 4-34 
 
 -4-88 
 
 - 5-34 
 
 - 5-86 
 
 - 6-20 
 
 -4-16 -H-72 
 
 + 2-14 + 4-50J + 5-86 
 
 + 0-621+6-08 
 
 + 0-32 
 
 + 5-72 
 
 + 4-66 
 
 84-90 
 
 /1856 
 57 
 May . .. .-( 58 
 
 + 2-8 
 3-4 
 3'6 
 2-9 
 8-6 
 
 + 0-8 
 07 
 1'7 
 fl-4 
 0-7 
 
 -0-8 
 1-6 
 d-7 
 T'2 
 1-3 
 
 -1-3 
 2-1 
 1-5 
 1-9 
 2-2 
 
 -1-7 
 2-5 
 2-3 
 2-3 
 2-9 
 
 -1-9 
 3-1 
 2-5 
 2-7 
 3-4 
 
 -2'2 
 3-3 
 2-9 
 3-1 
 8-9 
 
 -2-6 
 3'7 
 3-4 
 3-4 
 4'3 
 
 -3-0 
 4-1 
 3-8 
 3-9 
 4'8 
 
 -3-6 
 4-6 
 4-3 
 4-5 
 5-2 
 
 -3-9 
 
 .VI 
 4-8 
 5-1 
 6-5 
 
 - 1-3 
 6-6 
 B-0 
 5-4 
 6-0 
 
 -4-7 
 8-0 
 
 5-4 
 5-8 
 0-5 
 
 -4-8 
 6-1 
 5-5 
 
 6-1 
 0-8 
 
 -3-6 
 3-8 
 3-6 
 3-6 
 4-3 
 
 -1-3 
 1-0 
 1-0 
 4-0 
 0-8 
 
 + 1-1 
 2-11 
 1-2 
 IT, 
 3-2 
 
 + 3-2 
 4-2 
 ft 
 4-9 
 6-3 
 
 + 4-6 
 
 <i-;t 
 6-0 
 0-6 
 
 8-7 
 
 + 6-4 
 7-6 
 
 6-2 
 7-5 
 9-3 
 
 + 5-7 
 7'9 
 
 7-2 
 7-5 
 8-1 
 
 + 5-5 
 7-8 
 7-1 
 8 - 8 
 6-8 
 
 + 5-1 
 7-2 
 6-7 
 (i'l 
 6-2 
 
 + 4-2 
 5-7 
 5-4 
 
 4-n 
 
 5-4 
 
 85-4 
 88-7 
 85-2 
 87-4 
 90-4 
 
 59 
 1 00 
 
 Means... 
 
 + 3-26 
 
 + 0-80 
 
 -1-12 
 
 -1-80 
 
 - 2-34 
 
 - 2'72 - 3-08 
 
 -3-48 
 
 -3-92 
 
 -4-44 
 
 -4-88 -5'2t 
 
 - 5-08 
 
 -5-86 
 
 -3-78 
 
 - 1-52 
 
 + 2-00 
 
 + 4-1(1 
 
 + 6-24 
 
 + 7-2(1 
 
 + 7-28 
 
 + 0-8(1 
 
 + 0-26 
 
 + 0-12 
 
 87-42 
 
 {1856 
 57 
 58 
 
 + 5-1 
 4'3 
 3-1 
 3'5 
 3'3 
 
 + 3-0 
 2-6 
 0-8 
 11 
 1*1 
 
 + 0-1 
 -0-4 
 V7 
 O'S 
 1'2 
 
 -1-3 
 1-7 
 
 2-8 
 1-5 
 1-5 
 
 -1'9 
 2-3 
 3'5 
 2-1 
 
 1-9 
 
 -2'3 
 2'7 
 4-0 
 2'6 
 2-5 
 
 -2'8 
 3-1 
 4-2 
 2-9 
 3-3 
 
 -3-4 
 3-6 
 4-0 
 3-4 
 3-7 
 
 -4-1 
 I'l 
 6-0 
 3-9 
 4-1 
 
 - IT. 
 
 4-4 
 5-3 
 4-7 
 4-2 
 
 - 5-2 
 
 1-7 
 5"5 
 5*5 
 
 4-8 
 
 -5-6 
 5-2 
 
 5'8 
 
 fa 
 
 5-4 
 
 -6-1 
 5-8 
 6-2 
 6-2 
 
 5-7 
 
 -6-3 
 6-0 
 6-4 
 0-6 
 0-2 
 
 -4'9 
 4-4 
 4-1 
 4'7 
 4-6 
 
 - 2-0 
 1-2 
 0-7 
 1-8 
 1-9 
 
 + 0-4 
 1-1 
 2Ti 
 1'2 
 1-1 
 
 + 2-5 
 2-9 
 4-7 
 3-7 
 3-4 
 
 + 4-6 
 4-9 
 6-8 
 5-3 
 
 5-7 
 
 + 6-1 
 ' 6-2 
 8-5 
 7-0 
 
 7'H 
 
 + 7-4 
 7-1 
 9-2 
 8-2 
 8-0 
 
 + 7-8 
 7-4 
 9-6 
 8-7 
 8-1 
 
 + 7-3 
 7-3 
 8-0 
 7*5 
 7-5 
 
 + 6-4 
 6-4 
 5-9 
 6-2 
 
 5-5 
 
 87-7 
 86-0 
 87-(l 
 87-d 
 88-'J 
 
 59 
 60 
 
 Means ... 
 
 + 3'86 
 
 + 1'72 
 
 - 0-80 - 1-70 -1-34- 2-82 
 
 - 3-26 
 
 -3-72 
 
 - 1-21- I'(i2 
 
 -5-14 
 
 5-50 6-00 
 
 - 6-2S 
 
 - l-.1l 
 
 -1-52 
 
 + 1-20 
 
 : 3-14 
 
 + 5-46 
 
 + 7-12 
 
 + 8-10 
 
 + 8-30 
 
 + 7-52 
 
 + G-08 
 
 S7-44 
 
 f 1856 
 57 
 
 July . . ....-I 58 
 
 t-4'7 
 3-0 
 5-0 
 4-3 
 
 4 4 7 
 
 + 2'7 
 1-8 
 3-0 
 2'4 
 2-6 
 
 + 0-4 
 -0-2 
 + 0-2 
 0-4 
 O'O 
 
 -0-9 
 IT. 
 0-9 
 0-6 
 1-3 
 
 -1-8 
 2-1 
 
 1-8 
 
 1-5 
 2'2 
 
 - 2-5 
 2-7 
 2-0 
 2-3 
 8'0 
 
 -2-9 
 3-3 
 3-5 
 2-7 
 3-4 
 
 - 3-5 
 3-8 
 4-1 
 3-1 
 3-B 
 
 -4-1 
 4-1 
 4-4 
 3-5 
 4-2 
 
 -4-2 
 4-5 
 4-7 
 4-0 
 
 6-1 
 
 -4-5 
 4-8 
 6-0 
 4-4 
 ft 
 
 -4-8 
 6-2 
 6-2 
 4-8 
 5-6 
 
 -6-2 
 5"7 
 5'4 
 6-3 
 
 5-8 
 
 -5-5 
 5-7 
 
 .V.-) 
 5-6 
 6-0 
 
 - 4T) 
 !:, 
 4T, 
 4-2 
 5-1 
 
 1-9 
 
 2-3 
 2-1 
 2-7 
 
 + 0-2 
 0-9 
 
 o-i 
 
 0-3 
 
 -0-3 
 
 + 2-3 
 2-9 
 2-3 
 2-6 
 2-3 
 
 + 4-1 
 B-l 
 4-2 
 4-3 
 4-5 
 
 + 6-8 
 6-8 
 5-8 
 5-2 
 6-0 
 
 + 7-0 
 8-0 
 7-1 
 6-2 
 
 8-1 
 
 + 7-5 
 7-8 
 7-5 
 6-7 
 9-5 
 
 + 0-9 
 7-0 
 
 7'8 
 6-0 
 
 8-7 
 
 + 8-1 
 
 5-8 
 6-6 
 5-6 
 7-5 
 
 we 
 
 85-1 
 8iV 4 
 81-8 
 87'1 
 
 | 59 
 L 60 
 
 Means... 
 
 + 4-46 
 
 + 2-50 
 
 + II-18 
 
 -1-04 
 
 -1-88 
 
 -2-02 
 
 -3-16 
 
 - 3-OH 
 
 -4-06 
 
 - 4-50 
 
 -4'84 
 
 - 5-12 
 
 -5-48 
 
 - 5-00 
 
 -4'5( -2-24 
 
 + 0-24 
 
 + 2-46 
 
 + 4-44 
 
 + 0-04 + 7-28 
 
 + 7-80 
 
 + 7-28 
 
 + 0-32 
 
 85-60 
 
 (-1850 
 57 
 
 August <I 58 
 
 + 4'1 
 3'7 
 4-0 
 3'8 
 5-3 
 
 + 2-4 
 1'2 
 1-9 
 1-9 
 1-9 
 
 + 0'5 
 -VO 
 
 o-o 
 
 + 0-3 
 0-2 
 
 -0-7 
 2-1 
 1-4 
 0-6 
 1-1 
 
 -1-2 
 2-6 
 1'9 
 1-0 
 1-7 
 
 -1-8 
 3-0 
 2'4 
 1'8 
 2'0 
 
 -2'5 
 3'5 
 
 2'7 
 2'2 
 
 2-7 
 
 -2-7 
 3-9 
 3-1 
 2-0 
 3-1 
 
 -3-1 
 4il 
 3-7 
 3-2 
 3-5 
 
 -3-5 
 4-4 
 4-3 
 3-5 
 3-9 
 
 -4-0 
 4-7 
 4-8 
 3-8 
 4-5 
 
 -4-3 
 6-1 
 6-2 
 4-2 
 5'2 
 
 -4-6 
 6-5 
 6-8 
 4-6 
 
 5'7 
 
 -4-9 
 5-9 
 6-0 
 4-9 
 
 o-o 
 
 -4-0 
 IT. 
 4-9 
 
 TII 
 0-1 
 
 2*2 
 1'7 
 2-2 
 1'8 
 
 2-7 
 
 -0-2 
 
 + 0-7 
 0-4 
 
 o-o 
 o-o 
 
 + 1-8 
 2-9 
 2-6 
 1-9 
 2'4 
 
 + 3-4 
 4-9 
 4T> 
 3-6 
 4'7 
 
 + 4-7 
 7-2 
 8-2 
 4-9 
 6-1 
 
 + 5-5 
 8-9 
 7-2 
 6-1 
 7-0 
 
 + 6'5 
 9-1 
 7-9 
 
 6-0, 
 7-5 
 
 + 6-6 
 8-2 
 7-3 
 6-0 
 7-2 
 
 + 8-0 
 
 o-o 
 
 6-4 
 5-4 
 6-3 
 
 83-0 
 86-0 
 85-0 
 83'8 
 85-0 
 
 59 
 L 60 
 
 Means... 
 
 4- 4-30 + 1-86 
 
 -0-20 
 
 -1-18 
 
 -1-78 
 
 -2'20 
 
 -2-72 
 
 -3-08 
 
 -3-62 
 
 -3-92 
 
 -4-36 
 
 -4-80 
 
 -5-24 
 
 -5-54 
 
 -4-48 
 
 -2-12 
 
 + 0-18 
 
 + 2-32 
 
 + 4-22 
 
 + fi-82 
 
 + 0-94 
 
 + 7-20 
 
 + 6-86 
 
 + 5-82 
 
 8l'(is 
 
 (1856 
 57 
 58 
 59 
 60 
 
 + 4-0 
 2-8 
 3-8 
 2-7 
 
 3-8 
 
 + 2'1 
 0-7 
 1-3 
 0-9 
 1-3 
 
 + 0-2 
 -0-7 
 
 + 0-1 
 -o-i 
 o-o 
 
 -0-5 
 1-4 
 0-8 
 0-9 
 0-9 
 
 -I'O 
 2-0 
 1-4 
 1-5 
 1-6 
 
 -1'5 
 2-1 
 1-8 
 2'0 
 2'1 
 
 -2'2 
 2-8 
 2-1 
 2-5 
 2-5 
 
 -2-8 
 3-1 
 2-6 
 3-1 
 3-0 
 
 -3-1 
 3-4 
 3-1 
 3-6 
 3-7 
 
 -3-6 
 3-8 
 3'7 
 3'8 
 3-9 
 
 -4-0 
 4-1 
 4-3 
 4-0 
 4-4 
 
 -4-4 
 4-4 
 
 4-8 
 4-3 
 4'8 
 
 -4'8 
 4-7 
 5-3 
 4-7 
 5-2 
 
 -5-3 
 6-0 
 5-5 
 4'9 
 5-1 
 
 -4-8 
 4-1 
 4-5 
 4-0 
 
 4'3 
 
 -2-5 
 1-9 
 2-3 
 1-8 
 2-1 
 
 -0-2 
 + 0-4 
 0-2 
 + 0-6 
 
 o-o 
 
 + 2'2 
 2-9 
 2-1 
 2-6 
 2-2 
 
 + 3-9 
 4-9 
 3-9 
 4'4 
 
 4-2 
 
 + 5-3 
 8-5 
 5-5 
 5'6. 
 5*9 
 
 + 6-1 
 6-8 
 6-4 
 6-6 
 7-0 
 
 + 6-1 
 6'8 
 6-6 
 7-1 
 7-4 
 
 + 6-0 
 6-2 
 6-4 
 6-4 
 6'2 
 
 + 5-4 
 4-7 
 5-1 
 5-0 
 4-9 
 
 81-3 
 S4'8 
 84-0 
 83'4 
 83-7 
 
 Means... 
 
 + 3-42 
 
 + 1-20 
 
 -o-io 
 
 -0-90 
 
 -1-60 
 
 -1-9T 
 
 - 2-42 
 
 -2-92 
 
 -3-30 
 
 -3-76 
 
 -4-16 
 
 -4-54 
 
 -4-94 
 
 -6-10 
 
 - 4-34 - 2-12 
 
 + 0-12 
 
 + 2-40 
 
 + 4-20 
 
 + 5-70 + 6-58 
 
 i 
 
 + 6-80 
 
 + 6-2) 
 
 + 5-02 
 
 84-0 1 
 
 flSJO 
 57 
 October < 58 
 
 + 3-4 
 2-4 
 2-4 
 3'4 
 2-6 
 
 + 1-7 
 1-3 
 0-8 
 1-4 
 1-1 
 
 + 0'2 
 0-4 
 
 o-i 
 
 0'3 
 0-4 
 
 -o-o 
 -i-o-i 
 
 -0-3 
 O'S 
 0-1 
 
 -1-2 
 0-3 
 0-8 
 1-3 
 0-7 
 
 -1-9 
 0-8 
 1-3 
 
 L'M> 
 
 1-4 
 
 -2-6 
 1-4 
 1-6 
 ft 
 
 1-9 
 
 -3-1 
 1-8 
 2-0 
 2-9 
 2-4 
 
 -3'9 
 2-6 
 2-4 
 3-6 
 3-3 
 
 -4-2 
 2-8 
 2-6 
 4'0 
 3-5 
 
 -4-4 
 3-0 
 2-8 
 4-3 
 3-8 
 
 -4-7 
 3-2 
 3-1 
 4-6 
 4-1 
 
 -5-0 
 3-5 
 3-5 
 4-9 
 4-1 
 
 -5-4 
 3-6 
 3-7 
 5-2 
 4-4 
 
 - 4-2 - 1-5 
 3-3 1-6 
 8'0 0-8 
 4-2 1-8 
 3-3 1-2 
 
 + 1-1 
 0-5 
 0-9 
 0-8 
 
 i-o 
 
 + 3-0 
 1-8 
 2-5 
 3-2 
 
 2-6 
 
 + 4-3 
 3-0 
 3-3 
 4-9 
 4-1 
 
 + 5-7 
 3-7 
 3-6 
 6-0 
 4-9 
 
 + 6-1 
 4-1 
 4'1 
 6-5 
 6-0 
 
 + 6-0 
 4-0 
 4-0 
 
 7-0 
 
 5-2 
 
 + 5-6 
 3-5 
 3-6 
 5-2 
 4-7 
 
 + 4-9 
 2-8 
 3-1 
 4-3 
 3-6 
 
 81-2 
 79-0 
 79-7 
 81-4 
 81-0 
 
 r,9 
 L 60 
 
 Means... 
 
 - -J-s4 
 
 + 1-26 
 
 + 0-28 
 
 -0-28 
 
 -0-80 
 
 -1-48 
 
 2-00 
 
 -2-44 
 
 - 3-10 
 
 - :i- 12 
 
 -3-66 
 
 -3-94 
 
 -4-20 
 
 - 4-40 -3-60 1 - 1-38 
 
 + 0-86 
 
 + 2-62 
 
 + 3-92 
 
 + 4-78 
 
 + 5-16 + 6-24 
 
 + 4-52 
 
 + 3-74 
 
 80-58 
 
 (-1856 
 57 
 November ! 58 
 69 
 L 60 
 
 Means.. 
 
 + 2-3 
 2'4 
 It 
 
 ri 
 3-4 
 
 + 0'9 
 I'l 
 
 o-i 
 
 0'3 
 I'fl 
 
 + 0-4 
 0-2 
 
 -o-i 
 
 + 0-1 
 0-5 
 
 o-o 
 -o-i 
 
 0-4 
 0-2 
 0-4 
 
 -0-3 
 0-6 
 0-6 
 0-4 
 I'O 
 
 -0'7 
 O'O 
 
 0-8 
 O'O 
 
 1-8 
 
 -1-1 
 1-2 
 I'l 
 0-9 
 2-5 
 
 -1-7 
 1-7 
 1-5 
 1-2 
 3-0 
 
 -2-0 
 2-2 
 1-9 
 1'5 
 3-2 
 
 - L'T, 
 2-9 
 2-2 
 1-7 
 4-0 
 
 -3-1 
 To 
 2-6 
 2-0 
 4-5 
 
 -3-3 
 3-8 
 2-6 
 2-6 
 4-8 
 
 -3'6 
 4-2 
 2-9 
 2-0. 
 6-3 
 
 -4'1 
 4-5 
 3-0 
 3-1 
 5-7 
 
 -3-8 
 3-7 
 2-6 
 2-4 
 
 4-7 
 
 -1-3 
 1-7 
 0-9 
 0-5 
 
 2-0 
 
 + 0-9 
 
 o-i 
 
 1-0 
 1-2 
 
 1-0 
 
 + 2-0 
 1-7 
 2-.-I 
 2-3 
 3-3 
 
 + 3-3 
 3-2 
 2-8 
 2-6 
 5-1 
 
 + 3-8 
 4-5 
 3-2 
 3-0 
 5-9 
 
 + 4-0 
 4-8 
 3-4 
 3-0 
 6-0 
 
 + 3-6 
 4-8 
 3-6 
 3-0 
 6-3 
 
 + 3-3 
 4-5 
 2-7 
 2-5 
 
 5-5 
 
 + 3-0 
 3-0 
 2-1 
 2-1 
 4-0 
 
 77-8 
 76-7- 
 77-8 
 77-7 
 77-4 
 
 + 2- 10 
 
 + 0-8C 
 
 + 0'22 - 0-22 - 0-58 
 
 - 0-96 - 1-36 
 
 -1-81 
 
 -2-10 
 
 -2-68 
 
 -3-12-3-42 
 
 - 3-78 - 4-OS 
 
 -3-41 
 
 -l- 
 
 + 0-84 
 
 + 2-32 
 
 + 3-10 
 
 + 4-08 
 
 + 4-24 
 
 + 4'2(i 
 
 + 3-70 
 
 + 3-08 
 
 77-48 
 
 ri856 
 57 
 December < 58 
 59 
 V 60 
 
 Menus.. 
 
 + 1-7 
 2'4 
 2'7 
 2-7 
 2-0 
 
 + 0-0 
 
 1-3 
 1-5 
 1-1 
 I'O 
 
 -0-1 
 + 0-4 
 0-8 
 0-5 
 0-4 
 
 -0-5 
 0-2 
 + 0-4 
 
 o-i 
 
 0-2 
 
 -o-c 
 
 0-6 
 
 o-o 
 
 0-5 
 0-2 
 
 -0-9 
 0-9 
 
 o-o 
 
 I'd 
 
 0-7 
 
 -1-3 
 1-4 
 1-2 
 1-5 
 
 ri 
 
 -1-4 
 1-9 
 
 1-8 
 1-9 
 l-(i 
 
 -1-8 
 2-4 
 2-7 
 2-7 
 
 -2-2 
 2-9 
 3-2 
 3-2 
 
 -2-5 
 3-4 
 3-6 
 3-7 
 
 3-1 
 
 -2-7 
 
 3-0 
 
 ro 
 4-0 
 
 3-8 
 
 -2-9 
 3-9 
 4-4 
 4-3 
 4'0 
 
 -3-2 
 4-1 
 4-9 
 4-4 
 4-1 
 
 -3-5 
 4-1 
 4-7 
 4-3 
 4-8 
 
 - 1-8 
 2-0 
 2-1 
 1-9 
 2-1 
 
 + 0-0 
 o-o 
 
 0-9 
 0-6 
 
 0-8 
 
 + 2-1 
 2-5 
 3-0 
 2-4 
 
 fa 
 
 + 3-1 
 ft 
 
 Til 
 3-8 
 3-9 
 
 + 3-5 
 4-2 
 
 4-3 
 4-4 
 4-:) 
 
 + T(i 
 4-7 
 4'7 
 4-7 
 4-3 
 
 + 3-5 
 4-3 
 4T> 
 4-7 
 3-9 
 
 + 3-3 
 
 1-0 
 4-3 
 4-2 
 3-7 
 
 + 2-6 
 3-3 
 3-6 
 3-6 
 3-0 
 
 75-6 
 74-4 
 74-d 
 76-7 
 7(1-4 
 
 + 2-3C 
 
 + I'll 
 
 + 0-K 1 
 
 O'Ofl 
 
 -0-3C 
 
 -0-81 
 
 - 1-31 
 
 -1-72 
 
 2-:u 
 
 -2-84 
 
 -3-3 
 
 - 3-02 
 
 3V 
 
 4-20 
 
 4-18 
 
 - pus +0-70 
 
 + 2-56 
 
 + 3-C8 + 4-14 + 4-40 
 
 + 4-18 +3-90 
 
 + 3-21 
 
 75-54 
 
 Mean of 5 Years... 
 
 + 3-46 
 
 + 1-5! 
 
 i + o-o- 
 
 - 0-72 - 1-2 
 
 -1-8! 
 
 - 2-:i' 
 
 1 - 2-84 - 3-4; 
 
 -3'9( 
 
 t - 4-44 - 4-86 - 5-2* 
 
 - 5-60 - 4' 
 
 - 1-99 + 0-9(1 
 
 + 3-13 + 4-70 
 
 + 5-83 
 
 + 0-31 
 
 + 0-35 +5-85 1 l'!>: 
 
 81-72 
 
MADRAS METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 297 
 
 DKY THEKMOMKTKE 
 
 ML-IIU liour y Variations from the General monthly Means arranged by the Months for 20 Years. 
 
 G uttin^en 
 Mean Time. 
 
 oon: 1 
 
 2 
 6.41 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 Genera Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 i. m 
 
 4.41 
 
 5.41 
 
 7.41 
 
 8.41 
 
 '.1.41 
 
 10.41 
 
 11.41 
 
 12.41 
 
 13.41 
 
 14.11 
 
 15.41 
 
 16.41 
 
 17.41 
 
 18.41 
 
 19.41 
 
 20.41 
 
 21.41 
 
 22.41 
 
 23.41 
 
 0.41 
 
 1.41 
 
 2.41 
 
 3.41 
 
 Jncor- 
 ected 
 
 ieduced 
 to Kew 
 
 itandnnl 
 
 ,'1812-45 
 
 } -48-50 
 .lan..< B1 _... 
 
 (. 56-01 
 
 Mean for 20 
 years... 
 
 ,'184,2-45 
 
 Feb "] 5ll55 
 V. 50-01 
 
 2' 10 
 3- 40 
 3-00 
 3-50 
 
 4- 1'20 4- 0-38 
 1-84 0-58 
 2-10 IV80 
 2-00 0-8(1 
 
 -o-io 
 
 0-08 
 4-0-14 
 0-15 
 
 -0-58 
 0.56 
 0-44 
 0-42 
 
 - 0-92 
 1-12 
 0"94 
 1-03 
 
 - 1-38 
 1-62 
 1-52 
 1-58 
 
 -1-88 
 2-12 
 2-12 
 2-13 
 
 -2-05 
 2-76 
 
 2-78 
 2'92 
 
 -2-63 
 
 -2'55 
 3-31 
 3-30 
 3'58 
 
 -2-9S 
 3-81 
 3-8S 
 4-15 
 
 -3-32 
 4-38 
 4-34 
 1-72 
 
 - 3-65 
 4-92 
 4-82 
 5-22 
 
 - 3-95 
 5-52 
 5-20 
 5-7* 
 
 - 4-05 
 5-68 
 5-4-1 
 5-85 
 
 -2-45 
 3-66 
 3-48 
 3-10 
 
 1-0-05 
 -0-32 
 (V30 
 t-0'58 
 
 t-2'05 
 2-54 
 2-28 
 3-05 
 
 f 3-28 
 4-30 
 3-98 
 4-45 
 
 f4'05 
 1-38 
 
 4-88 
 5-27 
 
 f 4-40 
 6-78 
 5-40 
 5-82 
 
 t-4'40 
 
 .-.-S2 
 5'50| 
 
 f4'15 
 5-46 
 5-2fi 
 5-15 
 
 f 3-5(1 
 4-74 
 4-76 
 4-60 
 
 76-77 
 70-14 
 76-90 
 75-07 
 
 75-44 
 74-87 
 75-62 
 75-07 
 
 3-28 
 
 4-1-79 
 
 4- 0-64 
 
 4- 0-03 
 
 -0-50 
 
 -1-00 
 
 - 1-53 
 
 - 2W 
 
 -3-19 
 
 -3-71 
 
 - 4-1!) 
 
 -4-65 
 
 -5-13 
 
 - 5-26 
 
 -3-17 
 
 -o-oi 
 
 (-2-4S 
 
 4- 1-02 
 
 f 4-89 
 
 4-5-30 
 
 4-5-31 
 
 4-5-01 
 
 4-4-40 
 
 
 75-23 
 
 3-63 
 
 3-88 
 4-76 
 
 4-57 
 
 4-2-28 
 2-16 
 3-02 
 2-73 
 
 4- 1-08 
 OT)2 
 1-18 
 1-17 
 
 4- 0-35 
 -0-21 
 4- 0-24 
 0-23 
 
 - 0-25 
 0-78 
 0-48 
 MB 
 
 -0-80 
 1-24 
 1-14 
 1-40 
 
 - 1-32 
 
 1-64 
 1-8(1 
 2-15 
 
 -1-85 
 2-10 
 2-H2 
 2-92 
 
 - >->:, 
 2-80 
 3-30 
 3-78 
 
 - 3-27 
 3-43 
 4-12 
 
 4-57 
 
 4-12 
 
 4-78 
 5-27 
 
 -4-55 
 
 4-6(1 
 
 HB 
 nt 
 
 11 
 
 -5-52 
 
 5-68 
 6-51 
 7-05 
 
 - 5-65 - 3-32 
 5-70! 3-28 
 0-60I 4-08 
 6-97 3-50 
 
 -0-30 
 4- 0-04 
 -0-38 
 4-0-45 
 
 4- 1-98 
 2-00 
 2-02 
 3-42 
 
 4-3-62 
 4-30 
 4-60 
 5-20 
 
 4-4-68 
 5-30 
 6-70 
 6-33 
 
 4- 5-25 
 5-U2 
 6-30 
 6-85 
 
 4-5-42 
 5-98 
 6-44 
 8-95 
 
 4- 5-27 
 5-70 
 0-36 
 6-57 
 
 4- 4-70 
 5-14 
 5-H1 
 5-90 
 
 78-22 
 78-58 
 77-94 
 76-92 
 
 76-93 
 77-28 
 76-64 
 76-92 
 
 Mean for 20 
 years... 
 
 4-4-21 
 
 4-2-55 
 
 4-0-98 
 
 4-0-14 
 
 - 0-52 
 
 -1-15 
 
 -1-74 
 
 -2-44 
 
 -3-14 
 
 -3-80 
 
 -4-53 
 
 -5-14 
 
 -5-70 
 
 -6-20 
 
 -6-26 
 
 -3-55 
 
 -0-05 
 
 4-2-66 
 
 4-4-43 
 
 4-5-53 
 
 4-6-08 
 
 4- 6-20 
 
 4-5-97 
 
 4-5-40 
 
 
 76-94 
 
 , IS 11-4', 
 
 \ Hi-SO 
 Mar " ) 51-56 
 (. 5880 
 
 Mean for 20 
 
 ycuvs . 
 
 4-3-10 
 4-90 
 4-78 
 4-12 
 
 4- 1-61 
 2-72 
 2-Oh 
 2-00 
 
 + 0-50 
 0-66 
 0-82 
 0-3 
 
 -0-18 
 0-42 
 0'28 
 0-46 
 
 -0-60 
 1-14 
 1-00 
 1-08 
 
 - 0-90 
 1-80 
 1-58 
 1-68 
 
 -1-38 
 2-44 
 
 2-2(1 
 2-2(1 
 
 -1-84 
 3-14 
 2-98 
 2-90 
 
 -2-20 
 3-92 
 8-88 
 3-94 
 
 -2-92 
 
 4-80 
 4-44 
 
 4-82 
 
 - 3-82 
 5-50 
 5-Ofi 
 5'52 
 
 - 4-24 
 8-12 
 5-70 
 6-02 
 
 -4-80 
 6-82 
 8-2J 
 
 -5-26'-5-10 
 7-02 0-42 
 6'74 6-20 
 6-90 8- 2s 
 
 -2-56-0-11 
 2-98 4- 0-56 
 2-98 0-60 
 2-34' 1-40 
 
 4- 1-90 
 3-50 
 3-24 
 4-12 
 
 4-3-68 
 5-62 
 5-10 
 5-96 
 
 4-5-09 
 
 4-4-81 
 6-72 
 6-14 
 6-74 
 
 4-5-38 
 7'22 
 8-68 
 6-98 
 
 4-5-41 
 7-32 
 6-78 
 0-84 
 
 4- 5-20 4- 4-30 
 7-00 6-28 
 6-62 6-96 
 6-48 5-82 
 
 82-24 
 81-68 
 82-08 
 
 80-1)2 
 
 80-79 
 80-23 
 80-60 
 80-92 
 
 4-4-24 
 
 4-2-20 
 
 4-0-53 
 
 - 0-33 
 
 -0-95 
 
 -1-50 
 
 -2-08 
 
 - 2-73 
 
 -3-45 
 
 -4-24 
 
 -4-91 
 
 -6-52 
 
 -6-05 
 
 -6-48 
 
 -6-01 
 
 -2-71 
 
 4-0-00 
 
 4-3-19 
 
 4-6-11 
 
 4-6-58 
 
 4-6-60 
 
 4-6-32 
 
 4-5-54 
 
 
 80-64 
 
 ,'1841-15 
 
 (. 50-8C 
 
 Mean for 2(1 
 years... 
 
 4-2-00 
 3-64 
 3'9<1 
 3-02 
 
 4-1-01 
 1-70 
 1-80 
 1-02 
 
 - (V22 
 0-48 
 0-50 
 0-70 
 
 -0-84 
 1-30 
 1-44 
 
 1-40 
 
 - 1-2C 
 1-81 
 2-0 
 1-H1 
 
 -1-58-1-90 
 2-2(1 2-02 
 2-42 2-84 
 1-1-t 2-64 
 
 -2-24 
 3-08 
 3-30 
 :)-22 
 
 -2-64 
 
 3-5(1 
 3-82 
 3-74 
 
 - 3-10 
 4-12 
 
 i-u 
 
 4-34 
 
 -3-58 
 4-76 
 5-00 
 4-88 
 
 - 1-06 
 5-30 
 5-40 
 5-34 
 
 -4-42 
 5-86 
 5-98 
 5-86 
 
 -4-68 
 6-22 
 6-34 
 6-20 
 
 - 3-78 
 4-68 
 4-62 
 4-18 
 
 -1-78 
 1-12 
 1-IKi 
 0-72 
 
 4-0-24 
 118 
 
 l-ss 
 2-14 
 
 4-2-42 
 3-84 
 4-42 
 4-50 
 
 4-4-18 
 6-70 
 5-98 
 5-86 
 
 4- 5-24 
 8-82 
 8-54 
 6-62 
 
 4-5-66 
 
 6-M8 
 6-68 
 6-68 
 
 4- 5-54 
 6-00 
 6-68 
 6-32 
 
 4-4-94 
 6-04 
 8-18 
 5-72 
 
 4-4-00 
 5-14 
 6-34 
 
 4-66 
 
 85-74 
 80-14 
 86.62 
 84-00 
 
 83-68 
 83-97 
 84-34 
 84-90 
 
 4-3-32 
 
 4-1-10 
 
 -0-47 
 
 - 1-24 
 
 -1-72 
 
 2-12 
 
 -2-50 
 
 -2-95 
 
 -3-44 
 
 - i-oo 
 
 -4-55 
 
 -5-05 
 
 -5-52 
 
 -5-86 
 
 -4-31 
 
 - 1-24 
 
 4-1-41 
 
 4-3-80 
 
 4-5-43 
 
 4-8-25 
 
 4-6-47 
 
 4-0-26 
 
 4-5-71 
 
 4-4-80 
 
 
 84-22 
 
 fl841-45 
 ,. Wi-50 
 
 "'"y i 51 -.-,.-, 
 
 L 56-60 
 
 Mean for 20 
 years... 
 
 4-2-40 
 :i-74 
 1-02 
 3-20 
 
 4- 1-02 
 1-41 
 1-8S 
 0-86 
 
 -0-12 
 1-0(1 
 I'OO 
 1-12 
 
 - 0-70 
 1-90 
 1-9S 
 1-80 
 
 -1-20 
 
 2-5M 
 2-34 
 
 - 1-58 
 3-00 
 3-10 
 2-72 
 
 -1-94 
 3-30 
 3-46 
 3-08 
 
 - 2"U 
 3-74 
 S-88 
 
 3- IS 
 
 2'8-1 
 
 1-3! 
 3-92 
 
 - 3-30 
 MS 
 1-78 
 4-4-4 
 
 -3-72 
 6-04 
 5-24 
 
 4'88 
 
 - 4-08 
 6-52 
 5-70 
 
 -4-46 
 5-92 
 0-18 
 G.-88 
 
 - 4-70 
 6-14 
 6-40 
 5-80 
 
 - 3-86 
 3-74 
 1-14 
 3-78 
 
 -2-10 
 0-C4 
 0-78 
 1-52 
 
 4- 0-1 1 
 2-01 
 2'0( 
 2-00 
 
 4-2-42 
 
 4-46 
 l-3( 
 
 4-4-58 
 6-30 
 8-24 
 6-24 
 
 4- 5-76 
 7-30 
 7-48 
 
 7-2n 
 
 4- 5-86 4- 5-66 4- 5'00 
 7-48; 7-06 0-34 
 7-92: 7-64. 8-88 
 7-28 6-80J 6-26 
 
 4-4-00 
 5-10 
 5-76 
 6-12 
 
 87-10 
 88-46 
 89-30 
 87-42 
 
 84-93 
 88-19 
 86-99 
 
 87-42 
 
 4-3-37 
 
 4-1-29 
 
 -OVS3 
 
 -1-63 
 
 -2-10 
 
 - 2-0 
 
 -2-96 
 
 -3-36 
 
 - 3-82 
 
 - 1-28 
 
 -4-72 
 
 -.5,4 
 
 - 5-50 
 
 -5-79 
 
 -3-88 
 
 -1-26 
 
 4- 1-55 
 
 4-3-91 
 
 4-5-81 
 
 4-6-93 
 
 4-7-13 
 
 4-6-79 
 
 4-6-12 
 
 4-5-02 
 
 
 86-38 
 
 ri841-45 
 
 L 50- 
 
 Mean for 20 
 years... 
 
 4-3-58 
 
 1-12 
 1-1X1 
 3-80 
 
 4-4-20 
 
 4- 1-90 
 
 1-so 
 
 1-72 
 
 4- 0-50 0-Sr 
 - 0-52 1-68 
 0-54 1-82 
 0-SO 1-76 
 
 -0-96 
 2-:!2 
 2-66 
 2-34 
 
 -1-42 
 
 2-Kl 
 3-10 
 2-82 
 
 -1-92 
 -)-3S 
 
 3-68 
 3-26 
 
 -2-42 
 3-86 
 4-08 
 3-72 
 
 -3-52 
 
 -3-04 
 4-36 
 4-64 
 
 4-24 
 
 - 3-52 
 4-76 
 
 nt 
 
 4-62 
 
 - 3-8S 
 
 5-08 
 5-14 
 
 -4-2S 
 5-40 
 5-72 
 5-56 
 
 -4-66 
 5-72 
 6-16 
 6-00 
 
 -4-90 
 5-92 
 6-40 
 6-28 
 
 4-24 
 4-54 
 4-54 
 
 -2-52 
 1-74 
 1-60 
 1-52 
 
 -0-12 
 4-0-00 
 1-00 
 1-28 
 
 4-1-74 
 2-78 
 1-2 
 3-44 
 
 4-W 
 5-32 
 5-46 
 
 4-5-04 
 8-40 
 6-98 
 7-12 
 
 4- 5-86 
 7-74 
 8-16 
 8-10 
 
 4-6-06 
 8-62 
 8-68 
 8-30 
 
 4-6-68 
 8-24 
 7-98 
 7-52 
 
 4-4-6(1 
 6-64 
 6-60 
 6-08 
 
 87-02 
 88-20 
 89-82 
 87.44 
 
 84-82 
 86-96 
 87-60 
 87-44 
 
 4- 1-93 
 
 -0-32 
 
 -1-40 
 
 -2-07 
 
 - 2-.TC 
 
 -3-06 
 
 -4-04 
 
 -4-46 
 
 -4-85 
 
 -5-24 
 
 -5-63 
 
 -5-89 
 
 -4-38 
 
 -1-84 
 
 4-0-61 
 
 f 2-80 
 
 4-4-78 
 
 4-6-40 
 
 4-7-46 
 
 4-7-89 
 
 4-7-35 
 
 4-5-99 
 
 
 88-45 
 
 T1841-45 
 
 :,ii-ti< 
 
 Mean for 2i 
 
 yen i> 
 
 4-3-74 
 1-68 
 4-80 
 4-46 
 
 4-2-28 
 2-74 
 2-52 
 2-50 
 
 4-0-82 
 0-31 
 0-OS 
 
 -0-14 
 0-94 
 1-22 
 1-04 
 
 -0-84 
 1-78 
 2-10 
 1-88 
 
 -1-34 
 2-48 
 tit 
 2-62 
 
 -1-88 
 2-90 
 3-16 
 3-16 
 
 - 2-30 - 2-66 
 3- 12 3-72 
 3-06 4-00 
 3-68 4-08 
 
 -3-12 
 4-20 
 4-38 
 4-50 
 
 -3-64 
 
 4-6(1 
 4-54 
 4-84 
 
 -3-94 
 5-06 
 6-18 
 5-12 
 
 -4-34 
 
 5-44 
 6-54 
 5-48 
 
 -4-60 
 5-72 
 5-88 
 5-00 
 
 - 1-38 
 4-62 
 4'8( 
 
 -2-92 
 2-36 
 2-42 
 2-24 
 
 -1-08 
 0-04 
 4-0-06 
 0-24 
 
 4-0-76 
 2-12 
 2-18 
 2-46 
 
 4-2-68 
 4-12 
 4-08 
 4-44 
 
 4-4-26 
 6-86 
 6-78 
 6-04 
 
 4-5-52 
 8-90 
 7-22 
 7-28 
 
 4- 0-06 + 6-02 
 7-30 7-18 
 8-08 7-86 
 7-80J 7-28 
 
 + 4-94 
 6-3 
 6-7 
 6-3 
 
 86-24 
 86-32 
 87-42 
 85-60 
 
 84-07 
 84-21 
 85-23 
 85-60 
 
 4- 1-42 
 
 4-2-50 
 
 4-0-35 
 
 - 0-83 
 
 -1-65 
 
 -2-27 
 
 -2-77 
 
 -3-20 
 
 -3-62 
 
 -4-06 
 
 -4-38 
 
 -4-82 
 
 -5-20 
 
 -5-48 
 
 -4-68 
 
 -2-48 
 
 -0-20 
 
 4-1-88 
 
 4-3-82 
 
 4-5-4S 
 
 4-6-73 
 
 4-7'SC 
 
 7-09 
 
 4-6-OP 
 
 
 84-78 
 
 l'lsll-1. 
 1 40-50 
 Augi 1 51-5. 
 L 56-60 
 
 Mean for 20 
 
 years . 
 
 4-3-4C 
 4-4.S 
 4-BG 
 4-3(1 
 
 4-1-80 
 2-50 
 3-08 
 1-86 
 
 4-0-72 
 0-20 
 0-48 
 
 - 0-21 
 
 -0-14 
 0-92 
 0-72 
 1-18 
 
 -0-74 
 1-08 
 1-02 
 1-78 
 
 -1-18 
 2-26 
 2-32 
 2-20 
 
 -1-6C 
 
 2-82 
 2-82 
 2-72 
 
 -2-14 
 3-3C 
 3-2L 
 3-08 
 
 -2-Ool-3-04 
 3-681 4-16 
 3-68! 4'12 
 3-52 3-92 
 
 -3-42 
 
 4-02 
 4-58 
 4-36 
 
 -3-7C 
 6-Of 
 4-98 
 4-8C 
 
 -3-98 
 5-41 
 5'Ut 1 
 6-24 
 
 -4-34 
 5-74 
 5-70 
 5-54 
 
 -4-M 
 4-78 
 4'9C 
 4-4E 
 
 -2-8C 
 2-24 
 2-6C 
 2-12 
 
 -1-02 
 4-0-4C 
 0-3C 
 + 0-18 
 
 4-0-94 
 2-44 
 1-82 
 2-32 
 
 4-2-7C 
 4-38 
 3-84 
 4-22 
 
 4-4-18 
 5-9T 
 5-6C 
 5-82 
 
 4-5-3C 
 6-88 
 6*6(1 
 6-94 
 
 + 5'7 
 
 7-or 
 
 7-1C 
 7-2 
 
 4- 5-44 4- 4-6(1 
 8-68| 5-7 
 7-06 6-1 
 6-86 6-8 
 
 84-52 
 85-70 
 88-42 
 84-68 
 
 82-70 
 83-66 
 
 S4-27 
 84-68 
 
 4- 4'3( 
 
 4-2-32 
 
 4-0-28 
 
 -0-74 
 
 
 -1-99 
 
 -2-51 
 
 -2-93 
 
 -3-38 
 
 -3-81 
 
 -4-24 
 
 -4-6S 
 
 -5-OC 
 
 -5-34 
 
 -4-5 
 
 -2-46 
 
 -o-it 
 
 4-1-88 
 
 4- 3-80 4- 6-36 
 
 4-6-43 
 
 4-6-76 
 
 4-6-51 
 
 4-5-5 
 
 
 83-82 
 
 C1S41-45 
 
 L 56-01 
 
 Mean for 2 
 years.. 
 
 4- 2'flf 
 3'7f 
 4-04 
 3-42 
 
 4-1-44 
 
 1-8C 
 1-80 
 
 4-0-54 
 0'2( 
 
 o-ot 
 -o-ic 
 
 -0-04 
 0-58 
 0'8( 
 0-9C 
 
 -0-4* 
 IK 
 Ml 
 I'M 
 
 -0-98 
 l-7( 
 IK 
 l-9f 
 
 -Ml 
 
 2'2f 
 2-3! 
 2'4i 
 
 ) - l-8( 
 2-76 
 2-78 
 2'9i 
 
 -2-34 
 3-22 
 3-28 
 3-3f 
 
 -2-66 
 3-72 
 3-82 
 3-7C 
 
 -3-K 
 4-2: 
 4-3: 
 
 4-ie 
 
 -3-54 
 4'6i 
 4'7( 
 4-64 
 
 - 3-n: 
 
 5-0( 
 5'2< 
 
 4-94 
 
 -4-2C 
 6-4( 
 5-54 
 6-1C 
 
 -3-sr 
 
 4-78 
 
 4-s: 
 
 4-34 
 
 -2-44 
 2-54 
 2-52 
 2-12 
 
 -0-7C 
 i 0-2C 
 
 o-oc 
 
 4-0-12 
 
 1+114 
 
 2-ie 
 
 2-28 
 2-4C 
 
 4-2-92 
 
 4-1C 
 4-18 
 4-26 
 
 4-4-34 
 6-66 
 5-72 
 
 6'7 
 
 4-5-08 
 6-56 
 6-64 
 6-58 
 
 4-5-06 
 6-78 
 6-92 
 6-80 
 
 4-4-66 
 6-18 
 6-54 
 6-24 
 
 4-3-7 
 6-1 
 
 5-5 
 5-0 
 
 83-50 
 85-24 
 85-94 
 84-04 
 
 81-93 
 83-29 
 83-83 
 84-04 
 
 4-3-44 
 
 4-1-5! 
 
 4-fl-i; 
 
 -0-5 
 
 -1-K 
 
 1-1-6! 
 
 -2-K 
 
 -2-58 
 
 -3-OE 
 
 3'4 
 
 -3-9c 
 
 -4'3( 
 
 -4-7e 
 
 -6-0! 
 
 -4- 
 
 -2-41 
 
 -0-2l' 4- 1-98 
 
 + 3-86 
 
 4-5-S; 
 
 + 6-21 
 
 4-6-38 
 
 4-6-90 
 
 4-4-8 
 
 
 83-27 
 
 [1841-4 
 
 Oct --1 51-5 
 I. 56-60 
 
 Mean for 20 
 years. . 
 
 4- 2-3!= 
 3'2f 
 3'Of 
 2-84 
 
 4-1-28 
 1-4C 
 116 
 
 1-2C 
 
 4-0-62 
 0'3( 
 0'2( 
 0-26 
 
 4-0-18 
 -0-3C 
 0-34 
 0-26 
 
 - 0-16 - 0-6( 
 0-74 1'3( 
 0-90 1'3( 
 0-86 1-4S 
 
 -0-8! 
 l-7i 
 
 l- 
 
 2-0< 
 
 1 - 1'3( 
 2'2t 
 2'3( 
 ) 2-4< 
 
 -l-8( 
 2-84 
 2-81 
 
 3-ie 
 
 -2-28 
 3'3C 
 3'2f 
 3-42 
 
 -2'8( 
 3'6( 
 3'& 
 3'W 
 
 -3-1! 
 3'9t 
 3-9( 
 3-9- 
 
 -3-48 
 4-41 
 
 , 4-3! 
 I 4'2( 
 
 -3-7i 
 4-76 
 4-6C 
 4'4f 
 
 -3-28-1-82 
 4-12 2-02 
 3-78' 1-6C 
 3-60 1-38 
 
 -0-14 
 4-0-04 
 0-5C 
 0-8t 
 
 4-1-264-2-38 
 2-02: 3-54 
 2-26 3-62 
 2-62 3-92 
 
 4- 3-10 4- 3'7( 
 4-52 5-16 
 4-66 6-18 
 4-78 5'W 
 
 4-3-7f 
 5'4( 
 6-K 
 6-24 
 
 4-3-56 
 5-2C 
 4-86 
 4-52 
 
 4-3-O4 
 4- 
 
 81-18 
 82-60 
 82-44 
 80-58 
 
 79-80 
 81-13 
 80-98 
 80-58 
 
 4-2-s; 
 
 4- 1-31 
 
 4-0'3( 
 
 -0-18 
 
 -0-6( 
 
 I'-l-H 
 
 -1* 
 
 l-2-Of 
 
 -2-e; 
 
 -3-0! 
 
 -3-44 
 
 -3-7, 
 
 -4-K 
 
 -4-se 
 
 -3-6! 
 
 -1-7S 
 
 4-0-31 
 
 4-2-04 
 
 4-3'St 
 
 4- 4-28 4- 4-82 
 
 4-4-8! 
 
 4-4-54 
 
 4-3-8 
 
 
 80-68 
 
 f 1841-40 
 
 I 66^ 
 
 Mean for 2 
 years. 
 
 + 2-OC 
 2-22 
 1-96 
 2-K 
 
 4- 0-86 4- 0-26 - 0-12-0-48 
 0-861 0-10 0-30 0-61 
 0-821 0-10 0-20 0-54 
 0'80 0-22; 0-22 0'58 
 
 -0-74 
 0-92 
 
 o-se 
 
 0-9C 
 
 - 1-10 - 1-4< 
 
 1-24T 1-6C 
 1-20 .1-71 
 1-36! 1-8S 
 
 -2-04 
 2'2( 
 2-1-1 
 2-K 
 
 -2'5f 
 
 2-62 
 2-58 
 
 2-ee 
 
 -3-Of 
 3'0( 
 2-94 
 3-15 
 
 -3-5! 
 3-3; 
 3'2( 
 3-4! 
 
 -3-9; 
 
 3-W 
 3-M 
 3-78 
 
 -3-7- 
 
 -4-28 
 3'9( 
 
 3-s: 
 
 4-08 
 
 -4-0< 
 3'4f 
 3-38 
 3'4( 
 
 1 - 2'Oi 
 I'M 
 1-48 
 1-28 
 
 4-0-51 
 0-3* 
 0-6( 
 
 o-s< 
 
 4-2-51 
 2-1' 
 2-K 
 2-3 
 
 ) 4-3-5- 
 1 3'3( 
 > 3-lf 
 >. 3-4( 
 
 4-4-1! 
 
 4-li 
 
 4-08 
 
 4-4-34 
 4-38 
 4-04 
 4-24 
 
 4- 4-24 4- 3-75 
 4-38 4'0( 
 4-08 3-6( 
 4-26 3'7f 
 
 4-3-0* 
 3-2 
 2-9( 
 3-08 
 
 78-56 
 79-14 
 79-16 
 77-48 
 
 77-2 
 77-82 
 77-83 
 77-48 
 
 4-2-0' 
 
 4-0-84 
 
 4-C-i; 
 
 -0-22 -0'5< 
 
 I 
 
 -0-8i 
 
 -1-2; 
 
 -! 
 
 2*1' 
 
 -2-61 
 
 -3-Of 
 
 -3'3f 
 
 -4-02 
 
 -3-6' 
 
 - 1-61 
 
 4-0-51 
 
 4- 2-28 4- 3-3( 
 
 4-4-W 
 
 ) + 4-2{ 
 
 4- 4-24 4- 3'7 
 
 4-3- 
 
 
 77-60 
 
 ri841.4o 
 Dec.. f 
 
 01-5 
 
 L 56-60 
 
 Mean for 20 
 years. 
 
 4-2'Of 
 2'3( 
 
 2'3( 
 
 4-1-0 
 0-91 
 1-3 
 1-H 
 
 4-0-4C 
 0-04 
 0'3( 
 0'4( 
 
 4-0-02 
 -0-40 
 0-14 
 
 ()-(K 
 
 - 0-34 
 0-74 
 0-5 
 0'3( 
 
 -0-68 
 1-04 
 0-94 
 0-82 
 
 -1-04 
 1-44 
 1-38 
 
 in 
 
 -1-44 
 
 1-84 
 1-85 
 1-75 
 
 -1-88 
 2-1(1 
 2-42 
 2-34 
 
 -2-22 
 2-46 
 2-84 
 2-84 
 
 - 2-01 
 2-9C 
 3-34 
 3-26 
 
 -2-98 
 3'2 
 3-82 
 3-6'. 
 
 -3-30 
 3'5 
 4-30 
 3-9C 
 
 - 3-60 - 3-76 
 3-80 3-7C 
 4-68 4-64 
 4-20 4-18 
 
 -2-38 
 
 2'4S 
 1-98 
 
 4-0-00 
 0-21 
 0-08 
 0-7(1 
 
 4-1-78 
 2-11 
 2-38 
 2-5C 
 
 4-2-9C 
 3-44 
 3'7f 
 
 yet 
 
 + 3-64 
 4-K 
 4-5C 
 4-14 
 
 4-3-W 
 4-48 
 4-8S 
 4-4C 
 
 4-3-88 
 4-4! 
 4-88 
 4-18 
 
 4-3'Oi 
 4- 
 4-65 
 3-9C 
 
 4-2-9C 
 3'- 
 3-8 
 3-2 
 
 76-78 
 76-96 
 76-90 
 
 75-54 
 
 75-48 
 75-67 
 75-61 
 75-64 
 
 4-2-3, 
 
 + 1-1 
 
 + 0-3( 
 
 ) - 0-U 
 
 -0-4! 
 
 -o-s; 
 
 -1-2! 
 
 1 - 1'7( 
 
 -2-18 
 
 -2-59 
 
 -3-04 
 
 -3-41 
 
 -3-76 
 
 - 4-07 - 4-06 
 
 -2-22 
 
 + 0-24 
 
 4-2-2C 
 
 4-3-44 
 
 4-4'Ot 
 
 4- I'll 
 
 4-4-34 
 
 4-4-01 
 
 4-3-3 
 
 
 75-57 
 
 Yearly mean 
 of 3D years. 
 
 4-3-5l'4-l-74 
 
 4-0-li 
 
 ! - 0-5! 
 
 - 1-16 - re. 
 
 - 2-12 - 2-61 
 
 -3-14-3-65-4-1 
 
 > -4-66_4-9' 
 
 r-6-3 
 
 -4-5H-2-2. 
 
 ' 4-0-39 i 4-2-eo|4-4-2 
 
 4- 5-tt> 4- 6-00 4- 6-08J 4- 4'83 4- 6' 
 1 1 
 
 
 81-29 
 
 75 
 
MADRAS METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 WET BULB THERMOMETER. -\[\, 
 s* Mean hourly Variations from the Monthly Means, H56 to 1860 t n , [j M. ' 
 
 ; ' W /V W fe % ' 10 ' ' 1 
 
 Gottingen Mean Time 
 
 Xoun 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 6.41 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 12141 
 
 9 
 
 10 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 | 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 Monthly 
 Means 
 
 Madras Mean Time 
 
 h. m. 
 4.41 
 
 5.41 
 
 7.41 
 
 9.41 
 
 NJ.41 
 
 11.41 
 
 13.41 
 
 14.41 15.41 16.41 
 
 17.41 
 
 18.41 
 
 19.41 
 
 20.4) 
 
 21.41 
 
 22.41 
 
 23.41 
 
 ojji 
 
 1.41 
 
 2.41 
 
 3.41 
 
 f- 1856 
 67 
 58 
 January <j 59 
 
 60 
 L 61 
 
 Means... 
 
 41'7 
 O'S 
 1'3 
 
 ro 
 
 O'S 
 1'2 
 
 4 I'l 
 O'S 
 I'O 
 0'6 
 O'S 
 0-8 
 
 4-0-6 
 
 -o-i 
 
 4-0-5 
 0-3 
 
 o-i 
 
 0-5 
 
 O'O 
 -O'S 
 40'2 
 O'l 
 O'O 
 0-3 
 
 -O'i 
 0'4 
 'l 
 0-2 
 
 O'l 
 
 (I'O 
 
 -0'6 
 0'5 
 0'2 
 0'6 
 0-4 
 
 o-i 
 
 -0'9 
 0'7 
 O'S 
 
 0'7 
 0'5 
 
 0'9 
 0'7 
 0'9 
 
 0'4 
 
 ijo 
 
 O'i) 
 
 1-1 
 
 1'3 
 1'3 
 
 I'l 
 I'O 
 
 -2-4 
 1'9 
 
 -2'9 
 I'll 
 
 -3'4 
 11 
 2-6 
 
 11 
 
 -3-4 
 
 1'9 
 2'6 
 2'2 
 2'3 
 
 -0-8 
 0-6 
 11 
 I'O 
 O'S 
 
 41-8 42'6 
 0-6 I'l 
 fl'6 1-6 
 0'5 1-4 
 0'7 1-3 
 
 43'1 
 it 
 it 
 
 1-9 
 
 42'2 
 
 2'2 
 
 2'2 
 2'0 
 
 4 2;4 
 
 42'5 
 1-7 
 
 2-2 
 
 42'2 
 IT, 
 2'0 
 
 If 
 
 4-2'2 
 11 
 
 11 
 11 
 
 70-7 
 69-6 
 68'1 
 U9'4 
 68'3 
 
 I'O 
 
 IT, 
 
 1 9 
 
 * 1 
 
 2-6 2'7 
 
 I'O 
 
 0'2 1-2 
 
 1 8 
 
 2 1 
 
 
 
 1 7 
 
 
 
 41'13 
 
 4 0-68 4 0-30 
 
 40'05 
 
 -0'20 
 
 - 0-40 - 0-57 
 
 -0'97 
 
 -lj-03 
 
 -1'30 
 
 -1'52 
 
 -1-77: -2'OS 
 
 - 2'38 - 2'52 - 0'92 
 
 4 0'74 4 1'52 
 
 4- 1-78 
 
 42'05 
 
 4 2'02 4 2-00 
 
 41'78 
 
 4 1-55 
 
 O9'o3 
 
 ri856 
 
 57 
 
 58 
 
 2-0 
 
 1-6 
 
 1-8 
 2-4 
 
 1'7 
 1'5 
 1-1 
 1-4 
 
 2-0 
 
 40-7 
 1-4 
 0-8 
 0-7 
 0-9 
 1-7 
 
 40'3 
 0'9 
 0'4 
 0'4 
 0'7 
 1'2 
 
 O'O 
 4 O'S 
 0'2 
 
 o-i 
 
 0-4 
 
 0'7 
 
 -o-i 
 o-i 
 
 o-i 
 
 0-2 
 
 o-i 
 
 -O'S 
 0'6 
 
 0'5 
 O'O 
 O'l 
 0'4 
 
 -0'9 
 1-3 
 0-7 
 0-9 
 0-6 
 I'l 
 
 -1'2 
 1-9 
 
 ro 
 
 1-8 
 
 -1-8 
 2-2 
 
 1-6 
 2-3 
 
 -3'3 
 
 2'0 
 
 1-9 
 
 2'(l 
 
 -2-8 
 2'9 
 
 2'2 
 2'3 
 3-4 
 
 3'2 
 
 2'7 
 2'4 
 2'li 
 
 -3'7 
 3'5 
 3'4 
 2'8 
 2'8 
 4-1 
 
 - 3-3 
 3'3 
 3'2 
 |8 
 
 -0-8 
 I'O 
 11 
 
 i-o 
 1-1 
 
 40'7 
 11 
 
 0'2 
 
 O'O 
 0'5 
 0'2 
 
 4-l'4 
 2-0 
 1-2 
 
 11 
 11 
 
 4l'fl 
 
 2'0 
 
 4 2'5 
 2'2 
 
 re 
 
 2'5 
 
 42-6 
 2'2 
 
 1'9 
 /2'7 
 
 42'8 42'4 
 2'5 2'4 
 2'2 2'4 
 2'5 : 2-2 
 1-7 2-0 
 2'8 3-1 
 
 4-2'5 
 2'4 
 
 11 
 
 2'9 
 
 73'8 
 70'3 
 70'3 
 72'0 
 72'3 
 70'9 
 
 1 60 
 L 61 
 
 Means... 
 
 4 1'98 4 1-50 
 
 41-03 
 
 40-65 
 
 40'28 
 
 -0-05 
 
 -0'45 
 
 -0'90 
 
 - 1'3S 
 
 -1-83 
 
 -2'22 
 
 -2'62 
 
 -2'98 
 
 -3'38;- ?'25 
 
 -1-20(4- 0-53 
 
 + 1-43 
 
 4 1'02 
 
 42'OS 
 
 4 2'33 4 2-42 
 I 
 
 4-2'42 
 
 42'32 
 
 71'00 
 
 fl856 
 57 
 March I 58 
 
 4-1-6 
 1'6 
 1-7 
 1-4 
 1-3 
 
 4-1-0 
 1-0 
 1-1 
 0-9 
 
 i-o 
 
 4-0-4 
 
 (IT, 
 O'S 
 O'S 
 O'S 
 
 40-1 
 0-3 
 O'l 
 0-2 
 0-4 
 
 fo 
 
 40-2 
 
 -o-i 
 o-o 
 
 4-0-2 
 
 -0-3 
 
 o-o 
 
 0-2 
 0-3 
 
 4-0-4 
 
 -0-5 
 0'2 
 
 O'l 
 0'5 
 4P'2 
 
 -0'7 
 0'6 
 0'7 
 O'S 
 O'O 
 
 -1-2 
 I'l 
 I'O 
 
 "1 
 
 2'1 
 2-0 
 1'7 
 1'9 
 
 -2-4 
 2-4 
 2-2 
 
 2-0 
 
 - 2;s 
 i-6 
 
 -3'3 
 2'9 
 
 2'8 
 2'7 
 3'0 
 
 -2-8 
 
 2'3 
 2'4 
 |2'4 
 
 -0-5 
 
 o-o 
 
 0-5 
 
 0'7 
 0'2 
 
 4 ro 
 
 I'O 
 0'6 
 0'6 
 0'9 
 
 41-5 
 
 ro 
 
 I'l 
 O'O 
 
 41'9 
 
 IT, 
 
 ro 
 i-i 
 
 42'3 
 1-7 
 
 11 
 
 42'3 
 
 2'1 
 2'3 
 I 1-8 
 
 42-4 
 
 2-2 
 2'2 
 11 
 
 42'3 
 
 2'3 
 2'0 
 
 4-2-0 
 1-6 
 
 fa 
 
 11 
 
 75'7 
 74'2 
 74'3 
 75'8 
 75'0 
 
 59 
 
 L 60 
 
 Means... 
 
 4-1-52 
 
 4- 1-00 + 0'48 
 
 40-22 
 
 40-06 
 
 -0-08 
 
 -0-28 
 
 -O'SS 
 
 -V14 
 
 -1-58 
 
 -1'98 
 
 -2-28 
 
 -2-60 
 
 -2-94 
 
 -2'48 
 
 -0-38 
 
 40'82 
 
 41'12 
 
 41'58 
 
 41'90 
 
 42'04 
 
 41'96 
 
 41-94 
 
 4 1'88 
 
 75'12 
 
 (1856 
 57 
 58 
 
 4-1-0 
 1-0 
 1-0 
 0-8 
 1-1 
 
 40'7 
 0'6 
 0'6 
 O'S 
 0'9 
 
 40-2 
 
 o-o 
 
 0'2 
 
 o-o 
 
 0-5 
 
 40'1 
 
 -o-i 
 
 4-0'l 
 -0-2 
 4-0-3 
 
 -O'l 
 p-4 
 
 p-o 
 
 0'3 
 4 O'l 
 
 o-o 
 
 -0-4 
 0-2 
 0-4 
 4-0-1 
 
 -0'2 
 p-5 
 p-3 
 0'6 
 
 O'O 
 
 -0-6 
 0'7 
 0'4 
 0'7 
 0-4 
 
 -0'7 
 0'9 
 O'S 
 0'9 
 O'S 
 
 -1-0 
 
 ro 
 i-o 
 
 1-1 
 
 1'2 
 
 -1-7 
 1-8 
 1'4 
 1'3 
 
 2-1 
 1-8 
 1-5 
 2-0 
 
 -2'4 
 2-4 
 2-2 
 
 2-4 
 
 -1'4 
 I'l 
 11 
 
 I'O 
 
 -0-4 
 40-2 
 O'O 
 
 -o-i 
 o-o 
 
 -O'l 
 40'7 
 
 0'7 
 
 0'3 
 
 40-4 
 0-8 
 0-8 
 11 
 
 0-5 
 
 I'l 
 11 
 
 W 
 
 41-7 
 1-6 
 1-4 
 11 
 11 
 
 4^1'8 
 11 
 11 
 
 1-6 
 
 IT, 
 
 4 1-7 
 1-8 
 1-3 
 
 41'7 
 
 I'O 
 
 1'3 
 11 
 
 41'4 
 
 11 
 
 1-2 
 
 79'3 
 
 78'2 
 78'3 
 78-1 
 
 78'7 
 
 59 
 60 
 
 Means... 
 
 40-98 
 
 4-0-66 
 
 4-0-18 
 
 40-04 
 
 0'14 
 
 -0-18 
 
 -O'SO 
 
 -0-56 
 
 -0'82 
 
 -1-10 
 
 
 -1'60 
 
 -1-90 
 
 -2'22 
 
 -1'22 
 
 -0-06 
 
 4-0-38 
 
 40-72 
 
 4l'18 
 
 + v 
 
 4 I'Ol 
 
 4l'o2 
 
 4-1-44 
 
 41-2 
 
 78'M 
 
 f!856 
 57 
 May . < 58 
 
 4-1-1 
 1-5 
 1-4 
 1-1 
 2-1 
 
 4-0-9 
 1-5 
 0-9 
 0-7 
 1-8 
 
 4-0-9 
 1-2 
 0-4 
 0-4 
 1-3 
 
 4-0-7 
 1-0 
 0-3 
 0-4 
 
 i-o 
 
 40'S 
 0'6 
 
 o-o 
 
 0-4 
 0-6 
 
 4-0-4 
 
 o-o 
 o-o 
 
 0-4 
 O'S 
 
 -0'2 
 O'S 
 O'O 
 4-0'2 
 0-2 
 
 -0-6 
 0-6 
 0-3 
 
 o-o 
 
 0-2 
 
 -i-o 
 
 0-4 
 0'4 
 
 i-o 
 
 o-s 
 
 0-8 
 1-4 
 
 1'7 
 I'l 
 
 1'6 
 
 2-0 
 1-2 
 1-4 
 1-9 
 
 -1-9 
 2-3 
 
 2-4 
 
 -11 
 
 2-4 
 2-0 
 2-3 
 2-7 
 
 4 11 
 11 
 
 1-4 
 1-7 
 2-1 
 
 -0-9 
 0-8 
 11 
 0-9 
 11 
 
 4-0-1 
 
 -o-i 
 
 0-7 
 O'S 
 O'S 
 
 4-0-4 
 0-3 
 0-3 
 0-6 
 --0-4 
 
 4-1-1 
 0-8 
 0-2 
 O'S 
 0'2 
 
 41-4 
 1-0 
 0-9 
 11 
 
 0-7 
 
 41-4 
 1-5 
 
 US 
 
 1'3 
 
 41-3 
 1-9 
 11 
 It 
 
 11 
 11 
 
 1-7 
 1-9 
 
 1'6 
 It 
 
 77'7 
 77'9 
 80'5 
 79'8 
 
 59 
 1 60 
 
 Means... 
 
 41-44 
 
 4-1-16 
 
 40'84 
 
 + 0-68 
 
 40-42 
 
 4 0'26 - 0'02 
 
 -0'34 
 
 -0-80 
 
 -1-18 
 
 -1-46 
 
 -1H 
 
 -1-96 
 
 -2-24 
 
 -1-56 
 
 -0-98 
 
 - o-se 
 
 40-22 
 
 4-0'fl2 
 
 -t-i-0". 
 
 4-l'86 
 
 41-52 
 
 4-1-0 
 
 41'5 
 
 78'88 
 
 fun 
 57 
 58 
 
 4-1-4 
 11 
 
 1-4 
 1-6 
 
 1-7 
 
 4-1-52 
 
 4-1-1 
 1-5 
 1-3 
 1-1 
 1-4 
 
 4-1-1 
 I'l 
 I'O 
 O'S 
 1'2 
 
 4-1-2 
 0-8 
 0-9 
 0-8 
 
 i-o 
 
 4-1-0 
 0-8 
 0-7 
 0-6 
 0-7 
 
 4-0-6 
 0-3 
 0-6 
 0-4 
 0-5 
 
 40-3 
 
 o-i 
 
 0-4 
 0-3 
 014 
 
 -O'l 
 O'S 
 40'1 
 O'O 
 
 o-o 
 
 -l-o 
 
 0-9 
 0'2 
 0'6 
 O'S 
 
 -1-2 
 1-1 
 0-5 
 0-9 
 0-6 
 
 - 1 T, 
 1-3 
 
 (1'7 
 
 1-1 
 
 1-4 
 2-0 
 
 -2-1 
 2-3 
 
 1-7 
 
 2'2 
 
 2-6 
 2-4 
 2'2 
 
 2'5 
 
 -1'fl 
 
 11 
 
 2'0 
 1-9 
 
 -0-9 
 1-0 
 1-0 
 0'9 
 11 
 
 -0-5 
 0-2 
 0'6 
 0'4 
 0'6 
 
 -0-1 
 40-3 
 -0-3 
 
 o-i 
 
 0-5 
 
 4-0'2 
 0'6 
 0-0 
 
 o-i 
 -o-i 
 
 40-6 
 0-9 
 0-4 
 0-4 
 0-5 
 
 40'8 
 
 0'8 
 O'W 
 
 1-1 
 
 41-1 
 11 
 1-2 
 
 4-1-5 
 It 
 
 41'8 
 1-5 
 1-4 
 1-6 
 
 2'0 
 
 77*7 
 77-3 
 77'9 
 78'4 
 78'4 
 
 59 
 60 
 
 Means... 
 
 41'28 
 
 4-1-04 
 
 40-94 
 
 4-0-76 
 
 4-0-46 
 
 4-0-30 
 
 -0-06 
 
 -0'64 
 
 -0-86 
 
 - 1-18' -1-62 
 
 -1-96 
 
 -2'36 
 
 -1-90 
 
 -ro2 
 
 -0'46 
 
 -0-14 
 
 40-16 
 
 40-56 
 
 40'94 
 
 4 1-24 
 
 4- 1-Si 
 
 4-1-66 
 
 77-94 
 
 {1856 
 57 
 58 
 
 4-1-5 
 1-4 
 1-5 
 1-7 
 
 1-8 
 
 41-1 
 1-3 
 11 
 1-3 
 
 1-6 
 
 4-0-6 
 0-9 
 
 1-0 
 0-7 
 1-4 
 
 4-0-9 
 1-0 
 0-9 
 0-4 
 
 1-2 
 
 4-0'6 
 0'9 
 
 0'9 
 O'l 
 O'S 
 
 + 0-2 
 0-7 
 0-3 
 -0-3 
 
 40-4 
 
 40'S 
 -O'l 
 0'4 
 
 40'2 
 
 -0-5 
 40-2 
 -0-3 
 0-6 
 
 -0'9 
 O'S 
 
 O'S 
 
 O'S 
 O'l 
 
 -1-0 
 0-9 
 0-8 
 
 ro 
 
 0-6 
 
 -1'2 
 IT, 
 TO 
 
 -1-5 
 2-0 
 1-2 
 
 1-3 
 
 -1-8 
 2-4 
 1-5 
 1-7 
 1'6 
 
 -2'2 
 2'7 
 2'0 
 2-3 
 
 -It 
 
 2-2 
 2-0 
 1-9 
 
 -0'8 
 
 11 
 
 -O't 
 
 0'6 
 O'S 
 I'O 
 
 -o-i 
 o-i 
 o-i 
 
 40-3 
 -0-5 
 
 4-0-3 
 
 o-s 
 
 '9 
 -0'3 
 
 4-0-7 
 0-8 
 0-5 
 11 
 
 o-o 
 
 4-1-0 
 1-2 
 
 6-7 
 1-8 
 
 0-0 
 
 4-1-3 
 
 1-0 
 1-9 
 0-9 
 
 41'7 
 11 
 
 1-9 
 
 41-9 
 1-6 
 1-4 
 11 
 1-6 
 
 77'1 
 76'6 
 
 77'4 
 77'8 
 77'3 
 
 59 
 60 
 
 Means... 
 
 4-1-58 
 
 41-36 
 
 40-92 
 
 4 O'SS 4 0'66 
 
 1 
 
 40'26 
 
 40'02 
 
 -0-22 
 
 -0-52 
 
 -0-84 
 
 
 -1-48 
 
 -1'80 
 
 -2'26 
 
 -1-92 
 
 - 1'20 - 0'60 
 
 - 0-10 4 fli'34 
 
 4 0'66 
 
 + I'OO 4 1'30 
 
 41-0- 
 
 4-l'6fa 
 
 77'24 
 
 (1858 
 57 
 58 
 
 4-1-9 
 1-8 
 1'7 
 1-4 
 11 
 
 41-5 
 1-4 
 1-5 
 1-2 
 1-1 
 
 41-3 
 11 
 
 0-8 
 0-8 
 0-8 
 
 40'6 
 1'3 
 0'7 
 0'6 
 0'6 
 
 40'4 
 0'4 
 0'6 
 
 0'2 
 (l'7 
 
 40-2 
 0-8 
 0-4 
 
 o-o 
 
 0-6 
 
 -O'l 
 40'4 
 0'2 
 -0-2 
 4-0-4 
 
 -0'2 
 40'3 
 -O'l 
 0'4 
 4-0'2 
 
 -0-7 
 
 o-i 
 
 0-6 
 0-6 
 
 o-o 
 
 -1-4 
 0-6 
 0-9 
 0-8 
 O'S 
 
 -I'O 
 1-1 
 1-1 
 0-9 
 
 O'S 
 
 -1-8 
 1-4 
 1-4 
 1-1 
 1-4 
 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 1- 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 s 
 i 
 I 
 ) 
 
 2-6 
 2'0 
 2'0 
 2-2 
 
 -11 
 
 2-2 
 
 2-2 
 1-9 
 
 -ro 
 11 
 
 0-9 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 -0'4 
 I'O 
 O'S 
 0'7 
 0'9 
 
 4-0-2 
 -0-7 
 0'2 
 
 O'l 
 0'2 
 
 40'o 
 -OT4 
 O'O 
 40'1 
 h 
 
 4-0-6 
 0'2 
 O'S 
 O'S 
 0'7 
 
 f VI 
 
 0'9 
 O'S 
 
 ro 
 ri 
 
 41-3 
 1-4 
 11 
 11 
 11 
 
 + 1-6 
 1-9 
 1-6 
 11 
 
 41'8 
 I'O 
 1'7 
 1'6 
 11 
 
 77'4 
 76'2 
 77'6 
 77'8 
 77*7 
 
 59 
 60 
 
 Means 
 
 _Lfi2 
 
 n-si 
 
 41'00 
 
 4-0'76 
 
 40'40 
 
 40-40 
 
 40'14 
 
 -0-04 
 
 -0-40 
 
 -0-84 
 
 -no 
 
 -1-42 
 
 
 74 
 
 -2'18 
 
 -1-90 
 
 -no 
 
 -0'70 
 
 -0'20 
 
 40'08 
 
 4-0-46 
 
 40'98 
 
 41-38 
 
 41'08 
 
 4l'7( 
 
 99* 
 
 (1856 
 57 
 58 
 59 
 60 
 
 4- I'O 
 1-2 
 1-2 
 0-7 
 
 1'4 
 
 40-9 
 1-1 
 - 0-8 
 0-6 
 1-3 
 
 40-8 
 0-9 
 0'7 
 0'4 
 
 ro 
 
 4-0-7 
 0-9 
 O'S 
 0'2 
 0'6 
 
 40'7 
 *8 
 0-4 
 0-2 
 0-6 
 
 4-0:3 
 
 0-8 
 0-3 
 0-2 
 0-6 
 
 40'1 
 O'S 
 0-2 
 
 -o-i 
 
 4-0-4 
 
 O'O 
 4-0-4 
 O'O 
 -O'S 
 40'3 
 
 40'OS 
 
 -0-2 
 O'l 
 O'S 
 0-6 
 0'4 
 
 -O'SO 
 
 -0'4 
 0'4 
 0'4 
 0'7 
 0'6 
 
 -0-7 
 0-6 
 0-6 
 O'S 
 1-3 
 
 -1-0 
 0-9 
 O'S 
 
 1'5 
 
 -ife 
 
 lg 
 IP 
 
 ro 
 
 T 
 
 -1-7 
 1-4 
 1-6 
 1-9 
 2-2 
 
 -1-5 
 1-4 
 
 2'0 
 
 -0'9 
 I'l 
 
 11 
 11 
 
 -0'5 
 
 ro 
 
 0'9 
 0-5 
 
 O'S 
 
 -0'2 
 O'S 
 O'S 
 
 -O'S 
 
 o-o 
 
 -0'7 
 ft-1 
 40-7 
 
 -o-i 
 
 4-0-4 
 O'l 
 
 0'4 
 O'S 
 0'5 
 
 40'5 
 0'6 
 
 O'S 
 
 I'l 
 
 0-9 
 
 4-0-8 
 0-6 
 0-9 
 
 11 
 
 41'0 
 11 
 I'l 
 11 
 
 41'1 
 
 I'l 
 It 
 It 
 
 76'8 
 76'9 
 76'7 
 77' 7 
 77'8 
 
 Means 
 
 + 1-10 
 
 40-92 
 
 4-0-78 
 
 40-58 
 
 40-54 
 
 40-44 
 
 40-22 
 
 -O'SO 
 
 -0-80 
 
 -1'08 
 
 -i 
 
 12 
 
 -1'76 
 
 -1-68 -1-16 
 
 -0'74 
 
 -0'S4 
 
 -0-04 
 
 + 0-44 4 0'78 
 
 4 0'98 4- l'2r 
 
 4 1'20 
 
 77'lts 
 
 (1856 
 57 
 58 
 
 4 I'O 
 O'S 
 0-3 
 fl'9 
 I'O 
 
 4-0-7 
 0-6 
 O'O 
 
 0'4 
 O'O 
 
 4-0-5 
 0-4 
 O'O 
 0'4 
 0'3 
 
 4-0-2 
 0'4 
 -0'2 
 40'2 
 0-3 
 
 40-1 
 0-6 
 O'l 
 O'O 
 O'l 
 
 -0-3 
 
 -0-5 
 0-2 
 
 o-i 
 
 0-4 
 0'2 
 
 -0-9 
 0-3 
 0-4 
 0'6 
 O'S 
 
 -1'2 
 0'9 
 0'7 
 I'O 
 I'O 
 
 -1-4 
 I'O 
 O'S 
 I'l 
 I'l 
 
 ro 
 
 (1-9 
 
 ro 
 
 1-3 
 
 r 
 
 6 
 1 
 i 
 
 -2'0 
 11 
 
 -1-1 
 1-4 
 1-1 
 1-6 
 1-3 
 
 4-0-1 
 -0-6 
 0'2 
 0'6 
 0'4 
 
 40'7 
 O'S 
 0-4 
 0'4 
 0'4 
 
 4-1-0 
 0-5 
 
 0-8 
 
 i-o 
 
 0-8 
 
 40-6 
 0'7 
 0'8 
 
 40'9 
 O'S 
 11 
 
 It 
 
 41'3 
 
 ro 
 
 1'2 
 VI 
 
 It 
 
 1-6 
 
 4-1-5 
 I'O 
 O'S 
 11 
 
 0'7 
 O'O 
 0-8 
 0-9 
 
 76'1 
 75'7 
 75-9 
 76-2 
 77'1 
 
 59 
 60 
 
 O'S 
 O'O 
 
 Means... 
 
 40'SO 
 
 4-0'46 
 
 40'32 
 
 40'18 
 
 4 0'16 
 
 -0'12 
 
 -0'28 
 
 -0'S4 
 
 -0'96 
 
 - 1'08 
 
 -1-14 
 
 -1-32 
 
 -1-54 
 
 -1-70 
 
 -1-30-0-34 
 
 40-44 
 
 4^0-82 
 
 4 0'90 
 
 41-10 
 
 41'30 
 
 41-38 
 
 + rio 
 
 40'80 
 
 76'20 
 
 (1856 
 57 
 58 
 59 
 60 
 
 Means... 
 
 40-6 
 0-6 
 0-2 
 0-3 
 0-4 
 
 4-0'2 
 O'S 
 -O'S 
 + 0'1 
 O'S 
 
 40-2 
 
 o-i 
 
 -0-4 
 O'l 
 40'2 
 
 40'2 
 O'O 
 -O'S 
 O'l 
 40'3 
 
 40-1 
 -0-2 
 0-5 
 0-2 
 
 40-0 
 
 0-5 
 0-3 
 
 O'l 
 
 -O'l 
 
 0'4 
 0'6 
 0'4 
 0-3 
 
 -0-5 
 0-5 
 0-5 
 0-6 
 O'S 
 
 -0-6 
 0-4 
 0-5 
 0-3 
 0-4 
 
 -0'9 
 0'6 
 O'S 
 O'S 
 O'S 
 
 -ri 
 
 (>'7 
 I'O 
 0'6 
 I'l 
 
 0-9 
 
 i-o 
 
 1-1 
 
 -I'l 
 112 
 ill 
 
 1'3 
 
 IT, 
 
 -1-9 
 VI 
 1-2 
 11 
 11 
 
 -vi 
 11 
 
 ro 
 
 -0'2 
 O'S 
 O'S 
 O'S 
 O'S 
 
 40'3 
 
 o-i 
 
 0-4 
 0-3 
 0-7 
 
 4-0-6 
 0-6 
 1-2 
 11 
 11 
 
 4- 11 
 
 0'9 
 1'4 
 11 
 1-3 
 
 41-] 
 1-4 
 1-4 
 11 
 
 i-o 
 
 41-3 
 1'5 
 
 PI 
 
 O'S 
 
 41-1 
 11 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 4-0'7 
 It 
 It 
 
 I'O 
 
 n-7 
 
 40'8 
 0'9 
 O'O 
 O'S 
 0'6 
 
 73-4 
 71'7 
 74-0 
 74-5 
 71-0 
 
 40'42 
 
 40'12 
 
 O'OO 
 
 -0'02 
 
 -0-12 
 
 -0'24 
 
 -O'SO 
 
 -0'46 
 
 -0-44 
 
 -0'72 
 
 -0'90 
 
 -1-10 
 
 -1'jo 
 
 -1-64 
 
 - 1-32 
 
 -0-40 
 
 40-36 
 
 4 0'92 
 
 41-22 
 
 41-24 
 
 41'38 
 
 41-36 
 
 41'00 
 
 40'74 
 
 72'92 
 
 (1856 
 67 
 58 
 
 4-0-2 
 0-8 
 0-5 
 0-7 
 0'6 
 
 O'O 
 
 0'2 
 0-4 
 0-2 
 
 O'O 
 40'1 
 0'2 
 O'S 
 
 o-o 
 
 O'O 
 fl'O 
 40'1 
 0'2 
 -O'S 
 
 -0-2 
 
 0'2 
 O'O 
 O'O 
 
 o-i 
 
 -0-2 
 0-3 
 
 o-o 
 
 O'O 
 0'2 
 
 -O'S 
 0'4 
 O'l 
 0'2 
 O'S 
 
 -0-2 
 0-8 
 0-2 
 0-4 
 0-4 
 
 -0-3 
 fl-8 
 0-5 
 O'S 
 0-4 
 
 -0'5 
 0'9 
 O'S 
 O'S 
 0-7 
 
 -O'O 
 1-0 
 1-0 
 1-0 
 0-9 
 
 -O'S 
 I'O 
 I'l 
 1-1 
 1-1 
 
 s 
 
 -0-9 
 11 
 
 -1-1 
 
 1-5 
 VI 
 
 1-6 
 1-5 
 
 -0-5 
 0'7 
 0-5 
 0-4 
 40-6 
 
 40'S 
 0'2 
 0-3 
 0-5 
 0'7 
 
 40'6 
 I'O 
 11 
 0-8 
 11 
 
 41-1 
 1-2 
 1-1 
 11 
 1-4 
 
 41-2 
 11 
 
 I'l 
 
 11 
 
 41-0 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 I'l 
 
 40-8 
 1-1 
 11 
 
 I'l 
 O'S 
 
 4-1-0 
 11 
 
 I'O 
 0'9 
 I'O 
 
 + 0-7 
 I'O 
 O'O 
 0'6 
 O'S 
 
 70'9 
 68'4 
 f.9'2 
 71-6 
 70-3 
 
 59 
 60 
 
 Means... 
 
 4 0-56 
 
 40'24 
 
 40'12 
 
 O'OO 
 
 -O'lO 
 
 -0'14 
 
 -0'26 
 
 -0-30 
 
 -O'SO 
 
 - 0'74 
 
 -0-90 
 
 -0-98 
 
 - 1- 
 
 1 
 
 - ]'34 
 
 -1'44 
 
 -0'32 
 
 F 0'40 
 
 <- (I".K) 
 
 41-22 41'22 
 
 4 1'20 
 
 4 1-02 
 
 + 1-02 
 
 4 0'74 
 
 70'08 
 
 Mean of 5 Years... 
 
 41-22 
 
 4- 0-89 4 0'58 
 
 4 0'41 4 0'23 
 
 + 0-08 
 
 -0'15 
 
 -0-41 
 
 -0-74 
 
 -1'05 
 
 -il-33 
 
 -1'57 
 
 -1'87 
 
 - 2-19'- 1*87 
 
 -0'7640'07 
 
 4-0-57 
 
 40-89 
 
 41-19 
 
 4 1'42 
 
 41-51 
 
 41-54 41'43 
 
 75'21 
 
MADRAS METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 299 
 
 WET BULB THERMOMETER 
 Mean Hourly Variations from the General Monthly Means arranged by the Months for 20 years 
 
 Gottingen 
 Mean Time 
 
 Noon 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 13 
 
 20 
 0.411 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 General Monthly 
 . Means 
 
 Madras 
 Mean Time 
 
 h. m. 
 4.41 
 
 5.41 
 
 6.41 
 
 7.41 
 
 8.41 
 
 0.41 
 
 10.41 
 
 11.41 
 
 12.41 
 
 13.41 
 
 14.41 
 
 15.41 
 
 16.41 
 
 17.41 
 
 18. H 
 
 19.41 
 
 20.41 
 
 21.41 
 
 22.41 
 
 23.41 
 
 1.41 
 
 2.41 
 
 3.41 
 
 Uncor- 
 rected 
 
 Reduced 
 to Kew 
 
 Standard 
 
 / is 12-4.-. 
 1 48-50 
 '") 51-55 
 I 58-fil 
 
 Mean for 20 
 
 .years... 
 
 + 0-57 
 0-1)8 
 l-oi 
 
 1-13 
 
 + 0-12 
 0-51 
 0-76 
 0-68 
 
 + 0-07 
 0-32 
 0-36 
 0-30 
 
 + 0-00 
 
 0-18 
 
 0-26 
 
 o-o.-> 
 
 -0-17 
 + 0-06 
 0-08 
 -0-20 
 
 - 0-30 
 0-12 
 0-18 
 0-40 
 
 -0-45 
 0-40 
 0-42 
 O'o7 
 
 -0-70 
 0-60 
 0-68 
 0-97 
 
 -0-90 
 0-86 
 1-08 
 1-03 
 
 -1-17 
 1-10 
 1-24 
 1-30 
 
 -1-37 
 1-30 
 1-50 
 1-52 
 
 - l-o3- 1-70 - 1-81 - 1-82 
 1-60 1'92| 2-22 2-22 
 1-68 l'90j 2-18 2-22 
 1-77 2-08 2-38 2'52 
 
 -0-12 
 0-74 
 0-90 
 0-92 
 
 + 1-03 
 0'76 
 0-64 
 
 0'73 
 
 + 1'47 
 l-2t 
 1'26 
 1'52 
 
 + 1-43 
 1-40 
 
 1-48 
 1-78 
 
 + 1-52 
 1-50 
 1-68 
 2-06 
 
 + 1-70 
 1-62 
 1-74 
 2-00 
 
 + 1-70 
 1-54 
 
 1-78 
 
 2-0(1 
 
 + 1-32 
 
 1-3S 
 1-60 
 1-78 
 
 + 1-00 
 1-28 
 1-42 
 1-55 
 
 71-30 
 69-88 
 71-18 
 69-53 
 
 70-03 
 68-58 
 89-88 
 69-53 
 
 + 0-1I3 
 
 + 0-52 
 
 + 0-2C 
 
 + 0-12 
 
 -0-06 
 
 -0-25 
 
 - 0'4C 
 
 -0-74 
 
 -0-97 
 
 -1-20 
 
 -1-42 
 
 - 1-65 - 1-90 
 
 - 2' 16 - 2'20 
 
 -0-67 
 
 + 0-79 
 
 + 1'37 
 
 + 1-52 
 
 + 1-70 
 
 + 1-77 
 
 + 1-76 
 
 + 1-52 
 
 + 1-31 
 
 
 69-51 
 
 / -1S42-15 
 ,, . \ 40-50 
 Fel) --) 51-65 
 
 V. 56-ei 
 
 Menu fur 20 
 years... 
 
 + 0-98 
 1-00 
 I'M 
 
 T08 
 
 -I- 0-60 
 0-60 
 1-20 
 1-50 
 
 + 0-35 + 0-12 
 0-30 0-14 
 0-70 0-46 
 1*05 0-65 
 
 + 0-10 
 
 -0-02 
 + 0-16 
 0-28 
 
 -0-12 
 
 o-io 
 o-io 
 
 0-05 
 
 -0-35 
 0-28 
 0-4J 
 0'45 
 
 - 0-62 - 1-00 
 0-50 0-78 
 0-82 1-28 
 0-90 1-38 
 
 -1-45' -1-82 -2-05 
 1-lOi 1-44 1-70 
 1-58 1-92 2-26 
 1-83 2-22 2-02 
 
 -2-35 
 1-94 
 2-60 
 2-98 
 
 -2'60 
 2'26 
 
 2-112 
 3-38 
 
 -2-37 
 2-22 
 3-04 
 3-25 
 
 + 0-15 
 -0-52 
 1-00 
 1-20 
 
 + 1-40 
 0-82 
 0'66 
 0-53 
 
 + 1'52 
 1-18 
 1-16 
 1'43 
 
 + 1-80 
 1-28 
 1-40 
 
 r2 
 
 + 1-90 
 1-44 
 1-78 
 2-10 
 
 + 1-72 
 1-62 
 2-04 
 2-33 
 
 + 1-62 
 1-64 
 2-06 
 2-42 
 
 + 1-40 
 1-54 
 2-10 
 2-42 
 
 + 1-27 
 1-40 
 1-90 
 2-32 
 
 72-02 
 72-10 
 71-74 
 71-60 
 
 70-78 
 70-85 
 70-50 
 71-60 
 
 + 1-40 
 
 + 0-98 
 
 + 0-00 + 0-84 
 
 + 0-13 
 
 - 0-11 
 
 -0'38 
 
 -0-71 
 
 -I'll 
 
 - 1-|!P 
 
 -1-85 
 
 -2-16 
 
 -2-47 
 
 - 2-79 - 2-72 
 
 -0-64 
 
 + 0-85 
 
 + 1-32 
 
 + 1-46 
 
 + 1-81 
 
 + 1-93 
 
 + 1-94 
 
 + 1-87 
 
 + 1-75 
 
 
 70-93 
 
 , 1841-45 
 
 Vov ) W - 50 
 Mai - ) 51 -55 
 
 t. 5(1-80 
 
 Mean for 20 
 years . . . 
 
 + 0-04 
 
 1-30 
 
 1-46 
 1-52 
 
 + 0-28 
 0-84 
 1-04 
 
 l-oo 
 
 + 0-02 + fl-00 
 0-68 0-46 
 n-.H 0-28 
 o- is 0'22 
 
 1 
 _ 0-08 - 0-10 
 + 0-30 O'0-l 
 0-H 0-12 
 0-06 0-08 
 
 -0'22 
 0-28 
 0'32 
 
 0-2.S 
 
 -0'44 
 0-60 
 0-74 
 0-56 
 
 -0-50 
 1-08 
 1-08 
 1-14 
 
 -0-88 
 1-56 
 1-40 
 1-58 
 
 -1-28 
 
 2-04 
 1-82 
 1-96 
 
 -1-66 
 2-46 
 2-22 
 2-26 
 
 -1-96 
 
 2-68 
 2-70 
 2-60 
 
 -2-22 
 
 2-98 
 2-98 
 2-94 
 
 -1-64 
 2'32 
 2'48 
 
 2-48 
 
 + 0-26 + 0-74 
 -0-12 0-94 
 0-46 ! 0-84 
 0-38 0-82 
 
 + 0'82 
 1'14 
 1-10 
 1-12 
 
 + 1-20 
 1-50 
 1-42 
 1-58 
 
 + 1-50 
 1-80 
 1-78 
 1-90 
 
 + 1-50 
 2-00 
 2-02 
 2-01 
 
 + 1-50 
 1-96 
 2-10 
 
 its 
 
 + 1-28 
 1-76 
 2-00 
 1-94 
 
 + 1-06 
 1-58 
 1-88 
 
 1-88 
 
 75-96 
 74-70 
 75-78 
 75-12 
 
 74-71 
 73-47 
 74-54 
 75-12 
 
 + 1-23 
 
 + 0-79 
 
 + 0-43 
 
 + 0-24 
 
 + 0-10 
 
 -0-08 
 
 -0-27 
 
 -0-59 
 
 -0'94 
 
 -1-35 
 
 -1-77 
 
 -2-15 
 
 -2-48 
 
 -2-78 
 
 -2'23 
 
 -0-17 
 
 + 0-84 
 
 + 1'04 
 
 + 1-42 
 
 + 1-74 
 
 + 1-89 
 
 + 1-88 
 
 + 1-74 
 
 + 1-60 
 
 
 74-46 
 
 fl841-45 
 
 ADI -i W - 50 
 
 A P'"] 51-55 
 I 56-60 
 
 Mean for 20 
 years... 
 
 + 0-68 
 0-H4 
 1-06 
 0-08 
 
 + 0-4S 
 0-46 
 0-66 
 0-66 
 
 + 0-2H 
 0-16 
 0-16 
 0-18 
 
 + 0'20 + 0-16 
 (I'll O'lO 
 0-04-0-08 
 0'04| 0-18 
 
 + 0-04 
 0-14 
 - 0-20 
 0-18 
 
 -0-06-0-26 
 + 0-06 '+ 0-10 
 -0-32-0-60 
 0-30) 0-56 
 
 -0'48 
 0-42 
 0-80 
 0'82 
 
 -0-82 
 0-78 
 1-12 
 1-10 
 
 -1-12 
 1-22 
 1-42 
 1-36 
 
 -1-44 
 1-60 
 1-62 
 
 1-60 
 
 -1-58 
 2-00 
 1-80 
 1-90 
 
 -1-72 
 2-14 
 2-04 
 2-22 
 
 -0-76 
 1-30 
 1-16 
 1-22 
 
 + 0-08 
 -0-18 
 0-02 
 0-08 
 
 + 0'04 
 0'18 
 0-42 
 0'38 
 
 + 0'28 
 0'28 
 0-80 
 0-72 
 
 + 0-70 
 0-68 
 I'M 
 1'18 
 
 + 1-12 
 1-04 
 1-54 
 1-52 
 
 + 1-22 
 1-16 
 1-60 
 1-64 
 
 + 1-08 
 1-28 
 1-48 
 1-52 
 
 + 0-88 
 1-18 
 1-44 
 1-44 
 
 + 0-90 
 1-14 
 l-2fl 
 1-28 
 
 79-40 
 78-76 
 79-38 
 78-52 
 
 78-08 
 77-45 
 78-08 
 78-52 
 
 + 0-89 
 
 + 0-57 
 
 + 0-20 
 
 + 0-11 
 
 -o-oo 
 
 -O'OS 
 
 -0-16 
 
 -0-33 
 
 -0'63 
 
 -0-96 
 
 -1-28 
 
 -1-67 
 
 -1'82 
 
 -2'03 
 
 -1-11 
 
 -0-05, + 0-26 
 
 + 0-52 
 
 + 0'93 
 
 + 1-31 
 
 + 1-41 
 
 + 1-34 
 
 + 1-23 
 
 + 1-1' 
 
 
 78-03 
 
 fl841-4o 
 
 *H 
 (. 58-60 
 
 Mean for 20 
 years... 
 
 + 1-04 
 1-16 
 1-18 
 1-44 
 
 + 0-96 
 0-00 
 0-90 
 1-16 
 
 + 0-90 
 H'72 
 0-64 
 0'84 
 
 -I- I'OO 
 0-68 
 0-42 
 0-68 
 
 + 0-92 
 0-54 
 0-52 
 0-42 
 
 + 0-74 
 0-20 
 0'48 
 0-26 
 
 + 0-56 
 (1-08 
 0-28 
 -0-02 
 
 + 0-16 
 -0-24 
 + 0-02 
 -0-34 
 
 -0'52 
 0-60 
 
 0-38 
 0-80 
 
 -1-00 
 0-94 
 0-78 
 1-18 
 
 -1-30 
 1-22 
 I'M 
 1-46 
 
 -1-52 
 1-66 
 1-52 
 1-64 
 
 -1-78 
 1-98 
 1-94 
 1-96 
 
 -1'98 
 2-24 
 2-20 
 2-24 
 
 -1-42 
 1-34 
 1-54 
 1-58 
 
 -1-00 
 0-74 
 0-78 
 0-98 
 
 -0'8C 
 0-38 
 0-56 
 0-36 
 
 -0-24 
 + 0-08 
 -0-24 
 + 0-22 
 
 + 0-20 
 0'46 
 0'24 
 0-62 
 
 + 0-60 
 0-86 
 0-62 
 J-02 
 
 + 0-94 
 1-24 
 I'M 
 1-38 
 
 + 1-12 
 1-28 
 1-32 
 1-52 
 
 + 1-20 
 1-30 
 1-40 
 1-64 
 
 + 1-20 
 1-16 
 1-30 
 1-68 
 
 79-42 
 79-42 
 80-24 
 78-88 
 
 78-10 
 78-10 
 78-89 
 
 78'88 
 
 + 1-20 
 
 + 0-98 
 
 + 0-77 
 
 + 0-69 
 
 + 0-60 
 
 + 0-42 
 
 + 0-22 
 
 -o-io 
 
 -0-57 
 
 -0-97 
 
 -1-28 
 
 -1-58 
 
 -1-91 
 
 -2-16 
 
 -1-46 
 
 -0-87 
 
 -0'53 
 
 -O'OS 
 
 + 0-38 
 
 + 0-77 
 
 + 1-16 
 
 + 1-31 
 
 + 1-38 
 
 + 1-3 
 
 
 78-49 
 
 ,"1841-45 
 * 
 I. 56-60 
 
 Mean for 20 
 years.. 
 
 + 1-42 
 1-48 
 1'3 
 1-52 
 
 + 1-30 
 1-30 
 1'28 
 1-28 
 
 + 1-28 
 1-22 
 1-18 
 1-04 
 
 + 1-18 
 1-28 
 1-24 
 0-94 
 
 + 1-10 
 1-20 
 1-30 
 0-76 
 
 + 0-82 + 0-42 
 0-94 0-70 
 0-95 0-66 
 0-46 0-30 
 
 -0-02 
 + 0-28 
 0-42 
 -0-06 
 
 -0'64 
 0-30 
 0-08 
 0-64 
 
 -1-18 
 0-96 
 0-74 
 0-86 
 
 - 1-82 - 1-94 
 1-42, 1-78 
 1-18! 1-64 
 1-18 1-62 
 
 -2'38 
 2-08 
 1-92 
 1-98 
 
 -2-60 
 2-32 
 2-42 
 2-36 
 
 -1-72 
 1-78 
 2-00 
 1-90 
 
 -1-08 
 1-18 
 1-30 
 1-02 
 
 -0'64 
 0-84 
 0-72 
 
 o- 
 
 -0-08 
 0-40 
 0-44 
 0-14 
 
 + 0'24 
 -0-08 
 0-20 
 + 0'16 
 
 + 0-66 
 0-44 
 0-30 
 0-56 
 
 + 1-06 
 0-70 
 0-54 
 0-94 
 
 + 1-26 
 0-94 
 0-88 
 1-24 
 
 + 1-36 
 1-24 
 1-14 
 1-52 
 
 + 1-46 
 1-40 
 1-18 
 1-66 
 
 78-22 
 77-46 
 78-82 
 77-94 
 
 76-93 
 76-17 
 77-51 
 77-94 
 
 + 1-45 
 
 + 1-29 
 
 + 1-18 
 
 + 1-16 
 
 + 1-09 
 
 + 0-79' + 0-52 
 
 + 0'16 
 
 -0-41 
 
 -0-93 
 
 -1-32 
 
 -1-72 
 
 -2-08 
 
 -2-42 
 
 -1-85 
 
 -114 
 
 -0-66 
 
 -0-26 
 
 + 0-03 
 
 + 0-49 
 
 + 0-81 
 
 + 1-08 
 
 + 1-31 
 
 + 1-42 1 
 
 
 77-14 
 
 T1841-45 
 
 J"'y.-{ S 
 
 L 66-60 
 
 Mean for 20 
 years.. 
 
 + 1-30 
 1-60 
 1-40 
 
 1-58 
 
 + 1-32 
 1-24 
 1-30 
 1'36 
 
 + 1-16 
 1-04 
 1-14 
 0-92 
 
 + 1-24 
 0-92 
 0-96 
 0-88 
 
 + 1-10 
 0-74 
 0-64 
 0-66 
 
 + l'00 : + 0-56 
 0-50 0-32 
 0-36 O'lO 
 0-26| 0-02 
 
 + 0-04 - 0'54 
 0-00 0-22 
 - (V22 0-54 
 0-22 0-52 
 
 -0-90 
 0-68 
 0-82 
 0-84 
 
 -1-26 
 1-04 
 1-12 
 1-14 
 
 -1-72 
 1-68 
 1-32 
 1-48 
 
 -2-10 
 2-06 
 1-54 
 1'80 
 
 -2-38 
 2-30 
 2-12 
 2-26 
 
 -l-90i- 1-22 -0-78 
 1-90 1-12 0-68 
 1-90 1-24 0-64 
 1-92 1-20 0-60 
 
 - 0-26 + 0-14 
 0-28 0-06 
 0-32 0-04 
 O'lO 0-34 
 
 + 0-68 
 0-52 
 0-44 
 0-66 
 
 + 1-02 
 0-92 
 0-90 
 1-08 
 
 + 1-06 + 1-16 
 1-00 1-52 
 1-26 1-42 
 1-36 1-62 
 
 + 1-24 
 1-50 
 1-56 
 1-66 
 
 77-12 
 77-32 
 78-20 
 77-24 
 
 75-83 
 76-02 
 76-90 
 77-24 
 
 + 1-44 
 
 + 1-30 
 
 + 1-06 
 
 + 1-00 
 
 + 0-79 
 
 + 0-53 
 
 + 0-25 
 
 - 0-10 - 0-45 
 
 j 
 
 -0-81 
 
 -I'M 
 
 -1'55 
 
 -1'87 
 
 -2-26 
 
 -1-90 
 
 -!,9 
 
 -0-87 
 
 -0-24 
 
 + 0-14 
 
 + 0-57 
 
 + 0-97 
 
 + 1-17 + 1-43 
 
 + 1-48 
 
 
 76-50 
 
 (-1841-45 
 
 AuJ S 
 I 56-60 
 
 Mean for 20 
 years.. 
 
 + 0-96 
 1-26 
 1-88 
 1-62 
 
 + 0-94 
 1-22 
 1-78 
 1-34 
 
 + 0-94 + 1-02 + 0-94 
 0-94 0-80 0-60 
 1-06 0-92 O'o4 
 I'OO 0-76 0'46 
 
 + 0-76 
 0-56 
 0-26 
 0-40 
 
 + 0-50 
 0-26 
 0-02 
 0-14 
 
 + 0-08 
 -0-02 
 0-20 
 0-O4 
 
 -0-30 
 0'52 
 
 0-50 
 0-40 
 
 -0-64 
 
 0-82 
 0'8 
 0-8 
 
 -0-94 
 1-18 
 I'M 
 I'M 
 
 -1-24 
 1-54 
 1-44 
 1-42 
 
 -1'62 
 1'86 
 1-74 
 1'74 
 
 -2-04 
 ' 2-12 
 2-12 
 2-18 
 
 -1-66 
 1-76 
 1-98 
 1-90 
 
 -0-92 
 0-96 
 1-32 
 
 no 
 
 -0'52 
 0'42 
 O'OC 
 0'70 
 
 -o-io 
 
 O'Ofl 
 0-46 
 0-20 
 
 + 0-20 
 0-32 
 0-08 
 0-08 
 
 + 0-42 
 0-72 
 0-64 
 0-46 
 
 + 0-72'+ 0-86 
 l-OO; 1-26 
 0-92i 1-46 
 0-98 1-38 
 
 + 0-82 
 1-42 
 1-72 
 1-68 
 
 + 0-94 
 1-34 
 1-7 
 1-70 
 
 77-28 
 77-62 
 
 78-14 
 77-34 
 
 75-99 
 76-32 
 
 76-84 
 77-34 
 
 + 1'43 
 
 + 1-32 
 
 + OW+0-8! 
 
 + 0-63 
 
 + 0-48 
 
 + 0-23 
 
 -0-04 
 
 -0-43 
 
 -0-78 
 
 -no 
 
 -1-41 
 
 -1'74 
 
 -2-11 
 
 -1-82 
 
 -1'07 
 
 -0-63 
 
 -0-20 
 
 + 0-16 
 
 + 0-S6 
 
 + 0-90 
 
 + 1-24 
 
 + 1-41 
 
 + 1-44 
 
 
 76-62 
 
 C1841-45 
 
 *..- 
 
 L 56-60 
 
 Mnaii for 20 
 years.. 
 
 + 0-82 
 1-08 
 O'flS 
 1-10 
 
 + 0-66 
 0-96 
 0-90 
 0-92 
 
 -t-0'54 
 0-90 
 0-68 
 0-76 
 
 + 0-60 
 0-94 
 0-64 
 0-58 
 
 + 0-62 + 0'30 
 0-90; 0-60 
 0-48 0-50 
 0-54 0-44 
 
 + 0-08 
 0-32 
 0-38 
 0-22 
 
 -0-18 
 + 0-06 
 0-24 
 0-08 
 
 -0-46 
 0-12 
 0-04 
 0-30 
 
 -0-80 
 0-66 
 0-36 
 0-50 
 
 -1-10 
 roo 
 
 0-70 
 0-80 
 
 -1-50 
 1-38 
 1-12 
 1-08 
 
 - 1 '88 - 2'04 - 1'48 
 1'78 2-12. 1-90 
 1-52 1-90| 1-66 
 1-42; 1-76 1'68 
 
 -0-70 
 1-30 
 I'OO 
 1'16 
 
 -O'lO 
 0-70 
 0-46 
 0-74 
 
 + 0-44 
 -0-24 
 
 o-oi 
 
 0-34 
 
 + 0-68 
 0-18 
 0-22 
 -0-04 
 
 + 1-00 
 0-50 
 0-46 
 0-44 
 
 + 1-24 
 0-86 
 0-70 
 0-78 
 
 + 1-24 
 1-08 
 0-96 
 0-98 
 
 + 1-10 
 1-16 
 1-14 
 1-26 
 
 + 0-94 
 1-10 
 1-18 
 1-26 
 
 77-66 
 76-98 
 78-62 
 77-18 
 
 76-36 
 75-69 
 
 77-22 
 77-18 
 
 + 0-99 
 
 + 0-86 
 
 + 0'73 + 0-69 
 
 + 0-64 
 
 + 0-46 
 
 + 0-25 
 
 + 0'05 
 
 -0'23 
 
 -0-58 
 
 -0-90 
 
 -1-27 
 
 - 1'65 - 1'95 
 
 -1-68 
 
 -1'04 
 
 -0-50 
 
 -0-04 
 
 + 0-26 
 
 + 0-60 
 
 + 0-91 
 
 + 1-06 
 
 + 1-16 
 
 + 1,3 
 
 
 76-61 
 
 1 1841-45 
 n , 46-50 
 Oct ---i 51-55 
 L 56-60 
 
 Mean for 20 
 years.. 
 
 + 0-48 
 0-58 
 0-92 
 0-HO 
 
 + 0-28 
 0-26 
 0-64 
 0-46 
 
 + 0-28 
 0-16 
 0-38 
 0-32 
 
 + 0'28 
 0-16 
 0-22 
 0-18 
 
 + 0-20 
 0-14 
 0-08 
 0-16 
 
 + 0'22 
 0-06 
 -0-14 
 0-12 
 
 - 0-06 - 0-18 
 0-14 0-34 
 0-34 0-58 
 0-28| 0-54 
 
 -0-50 
 0-66 
 0-84 
 0-06 
 
 -0-82 
 0-94 
 1-04 
 1-08 
 
 -1-18 
 1-20 
 1-22 
 1-14 
 
 -1-40 
 1-28 
 1-38 
 1-32 
 
 -1-64 
 I'M 
 1'54 
 1'64 
 
 -1-80 
 1-78 
 1-60 
 1-70 
 
 - 1-06 - 0-04 
 1-26 0-22 
 1-32 0-50 
 1-30' 0-34 
 
 + 0-54 
 0-42 
 0-12 
 0'44 
 
 + 0-82 
 0-82 
 0-68 
 0-82 
 
 + 0-97: + 1-02 
 1-00 1-02 
 0-96 1-24 
 
 0-90 no 
 
 + 1-08 
 111 
 
 1-44 
 1-30 
 
 + 0-92 
 1-24 
 1-38 
 1-38 
 
 + 0-84 
 1-08 
 1-32 
 1-16 
 
 + 0-72 
 0-94 
 1-10 
 0-88 
 
 76-84 
 76-98 
 77-54 
 76-20 
 
 75-56 
 75-68 
 76-24 
 76-20 
 
 + 0-69 
 
 + 0-41 
 
 + 0-28 
 
 + 0-21 
 
 + 0'14 + 0-01 
 
 -0-21 
 
 -0-41 
 
 -0'74 
 
 -0-97 
 
 -1-18 
 
 -1-34 
 
 -1'56 
 
 -1-72 
 
 -1-24-0-28 
 
 + 0'38 
 
 + 0-78 
 
 + 0'96 
 
 + 1-09+1-24 
 
 + 1-23 
 
 + 1-10 
 
 + 0-9(1 
 
 
 75-92 
 
 ("1841-45 
 
 Nov.-j *5? 
 ol-no 
 
 L 56-60 
 
 Mean for 20 
 years.. 
 
 + 0-24 - 0-08 
 0-52'+ 0-26 
 0-70 0-34 
 0-42 0'12 
 
 + 0-06 
 0-14 
 0'04 
 
 o-oo 
 
 - 0-04 - 0-06 
 + 0-12 + 0-10 
 - 0-12 - 0-26 
 0-02 0-12 
 
 - 0-16 - 0'30 
 O'OO 0'12 
 0-34 0-46 
 0-24; 0-36 
 
 - 0-38 - 0-56 
 0-2O 0-42 
 0-56 0-88 
 0-46 0-44 
 
 -0-72 
 0-64 
 0-88 
 0-72 
 
 -0-92 
 0-86 
 1-02 
 0-90 
 
 1-04 
 1-20 
 
 no 
 
 -1-44 
 1-24 
 1-40 
 1-30 
 
 -l-72 : -l'30 
 1-48 1-26 
 1-52! 1-14 
 1'54 1-32 
 
 + 0-14 
 -0-28 
 0-22 
 0-40 
 
 + 0-98 '+ 1-36 + 1-34 
 0-46, 0-82 0-98 
 0'54 ! 0-86 1-10 
 0-36; 0-92 1-22 
 
 + 1-26 
 1-10 
 1-32 
 1-24 
 
 + 1-18 
 I'M 
 
 1-42 
 1-38 
 
 + 1-10 
 1-02 
 1-26 
 1-36 
 
 + 0-72 
 0-92 
 1-08 
 1-00 
 
 + 0-44 
 0-62 
 0-96 
 0-74 
 
 72-70 
 73-flO 
 74-44 
 72-92 
 
 71-42 
 72-62 
 73-19 
 72-92 
 
 + 0-47 
 
 + 0-16 
 
 + 0-06 
 
 -o-oi 
 
 -0-08 
 
 -0-18 
 
 -0-31 
 
 -0-39 
 
 -0-52 
 
 -0-74 
 
 -0-92 
 
 -1-12 
 
 -1-34 
 
 -1-56 
 
 -1-25 
 
 -0-19 
 
 + 0'58 
 
 + 0-99 + 1-16 
 
 + 1-23 
 
 + 1-29 
 
 + 1-18 
 
 + 0-93 
 
 + 0-69 
 
 
 72-54 
 
 H841-45 
 
 H 8 
 
 L 66-60 
 
 Mean for 20 
 years.. 
 
 + 0-26 
 0-48 
 0-76 
 0-58 
 
 + 0-06 
 0-18 
 0-42 
 0-24 
 
 + 0-06 
 0-12 
 0-12 
 0-12 
 
 + 0-06 
 0-04 
 
 o-oo 
 o-oo 
 
 + 0-02 
 -0-02 
 0-20 
 
 o-io 
 
 -0-04 
 0-04 
 0-30 
 0-14 
 
 -0-22 
 0-24 
 0-46 
 0-26 
 
 - 0-40 - 0-64 
 0-44 0-56 
 0-02 0-70 
 0-36' 0-60 
 
 -0-76 
 0-74 
 0-84 
 0-74 
 
 -0-94 
 0-90 
 1-08 
 0-90 
 
 -1-16 
 1-14 
 1-34 
 0-98 
 
 -1-38 
 1-30 
 1-60 
 1-12 
 
 -1-52 
 1-60 
 1-84 
 1-34 
 
 -1-48 
 1-38 
 1-70 
 1-44 
 
 -0-22 
 0-42 
 0-52 
 0'32 
 
 + 0'84 
 0-44 
 0'80 
 0'40 
 
 + 1-18 
 0-94 
 1-26 
 0-90 
 
 + 1-30 + 1-32 
 1-06 MO 
 1-44 1'54 
 1-22 1-22 
 
 + 1-16 
 Ml 
 1-38 
 1-28 
 
 + 1-04 
 
 i-oo 
 
 1-38 
 I-OS 
 
 + 0-92 
 0-94 
 1-14 
 1-02 
 
 + 0-58 
 0-8(1 
 0-92 
 0-74 
 
 71-88 
 71-48 
 71-26 
 70-08 
 
 70-61 
 
 70-25 
 70-01 
 70-08 
 
 + 0-51 
 
 + 0-22 
 
 + 0-10 
 
 + 0-03 
 
 -0-07 
 
 -0-13 
 
 -0-29 
 
 -0-46 
 
 -0-60 
 
 -0-77 
 
 -0-96 
 
 -I'M 
 
 -1-35 
 
 -1-67 
 
 -1-50 
 
 -0-37 
 
 + 0'57 
 
 + 1-07 
 
 + 1-26 
 
 + 1-29 
 
 + 1-24 
 
 + 1-10 
 
 + 1-00 
 
 + 0-76 
 
 
 70-24 
 
 Yearly mean 
 of 20 years. 
 
 + 1-05 
 
 + 0-78 
 
 + 0-55 
 
 + 0-46 
 
 + 0-33 
 
 + 0'16 
 
 - 0-05 - 0-30 - 0-63 
 
 -0-96 
 
 -1-26 
 
 -1-66 
 
 -1'85 
 
 -2-13 
 
 -1-75 
 
 -0-64 
 
 + 0'11 
 
 + 0-62 
 
 + 0-81 
 
 + 1-10 
 
 + 1-29 + 1-36 
 
 + 1-34 
 
 + 1-24 
 
 
 74-75 
 
 OF THr 
 
io 
 
'f- V 
 
 . ^x- 
 
 i n~i 
 

 vy