I 7 *3 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES AN ACCOUNT OF T H E EXPEDITION T O CARTHAGENA, [Price One Shilling,] See the Plan of the City and Harbour of Carthagena, publifhed in the LONDON MAGAZINE for April 1740 ; which will ferve to give the Readers of this Parriphlet a clearer Idea of it's Contents, AN ACCOUNT O F T H E EXPEDITION T O CARTHAGENA, WITH EXPLANATORY NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. The THIRD EDITION. Vbi per focordiam vires, tempus, ingenlum natura infirmitas accufatur : fuam quique culp ad ntgotia transferunt. SA L L U s T . LONDON: Printed for M. COOPER, at the Globe in Pater-nofter-Row. MDCCXLIJI, i.& I AN 'ft rf y ACCOUNT TO IT having been refolved in a ge- neral Council of War, held at Spanijh Town, to prevent, if poffible, the French Fleet joining the Enemy before any Expedition fhould be undertaken by Land : the Wolf Sloop, Captain Dandridge, was dif- patched up to Port Louis, to ob- ferve if the Fleet was in that Port: And on the 2 2d of January, which was the fooneft the Fleet could be got ready for the Sea, Sir Cbaloner Ogle and his Divifion failed out of B Port 448050 a An Account of the Port Royal Harbour ; and two Days after Mr. Leftock and his Divifion; and on the Monday following the Admiral with the reft of the Squa- dron (leaving behind him the Fal- mouth and Litchfeld to bring up the Tranfports;) but the Land Breeze failing, and a great Swell rolling down, obliged them to anchor at the Keys (where the Augufta drove afhore, and beat off her Rudder, and great part of her Kcel.^ On the 28th the Admiral weighed Anchor, and plied up to Windward, and the 3 1 ft joined Sir Chaloner Ogle and Mr. Leflock with their Divifions off Port Moranfy and the Day follow- ing was joined by the Falmouth> Lite/fold, and Tranfports. Februa- ry the yth the Fleet made Cape Ti- beroon on the Ifland Hifpaniola, and off there was joined by the Cumber- land) Captain Stewart, from Lisbon^ (who had been feparated from the Fleet Expedition to Carthagena. 3 Fleet in the Storm the ift of No- vember) and the next Day the Wolf Sloop came into the Fleet [^] and brought with her a Frencj) Sloop. The 1 3th the Fleet anchored at the Ifle of Vache^ about two Leagues to the Weftward of Port Louis> \A\ When Captain Danbridge^ of the Wolf* came into the Fleet, he acquainted the Admiral, that the Marquis TfAntin and twelve Ships of War were then in Port Louis^ which was the Reafon the Admiral purfued his Courfe up to the Ifle of Vacbe* where when the Fleet arrived, a French Officer coming on board the Weymouth^ told, the Marquis D* Ant in was gone Home: Upon the Admiral's being informed of this, he fent Captain Knowks up in the Spence Sloop to reconnoitre, who returned with Anfwer,that there was but one Ship of War in Port Louis ^ and that the reft were all light Merchant Ships i how- ever the Admiral chofe to be more certain, and having an Opportunity of fending an Anfwer to the French Officer's MefTage, the next Day fent Captain Knowks and Captain Bofcawen afhore to the Governor, who being politely received, and fatisfied with their Remarks, returned in the Evening to the Admiral, and confirmed the foregoing Obfervation, who, without lofs of Time, carried the Fleet where they could beft and fpeedieft be watered. B 2 where 4 An Account of the where they flayed but four Days, having gained Intelligence the French Fleet was divided, and failed (the Marquis D ' Antin and twelve Sail being gone for Old France, and Mr. Rochefieulle and fix Sail for Petit Guavas) upon which the Fleet went and anchored in Tiberoon^ Donna Maria, and Irijb Bays, to Wood and Water; and on the 25th failed from thence, when the Weymouth, Experiment, and Spence Sloop, were difpatched a head over to Qftftha* gena, to found Punta Canoa Bay, for the fafer anchoring the Fleet, which arrived there the 5th of March in the Evening; and three Days after the fame Ships, together with the Dunkirk, were ordered by the Admiral down off Boccachica, to found and fee if the Fleet might fafely anchor there, and how near Ships might come to batter the Forts of St. Philip and St. Jago ; and fo foon vv Expedition to Carthagena. 5 foon as the Admiral had received the Reports from the Commanders of thefe Ships, a Council of War was held, wherein it was refolved to fend three eighty Gun Ships, the Norfolk^ Captain Graves , the Shrewf- bury. Captain Townfend, and the Ruffell) Captain Norris, to batter the Forts abovementioned 5 the Princefs Amelia^ Captain Hemming- ton, to fire againft the Fafcine Bat- tery, and the Litchfieldy Captain Cleveland, againft the little Battery G&Cbambai (but thefe two laft the Enemy had abandoned) and accord- ingly the Qth in the Morning they weighed Anchor from Punta Canoa Bay, together with Sir Chaloner Ogle, and the reft of his Divifion, (he being to command the Attack) and about two Hours after wards, the Admiral and the reft of the Fleet got under fail : At Noon the Nor- folk) Ruffel) and Shrewsbury began 3 to 6 An Ace count of the to cannonade the Forts, and in about three Hours time drove the Enemy from their Guns, and obliged them to abandon their Forts [J5] : Imme- diately on this Sir Chaloner Ogle made the Signal for landing the Troops, which was repeated by the Admiral, who was juft come to an Anchor, (a little to the Eaftward) and about five o'clock in the Even- ing, a Body of Troops were landed without Oppofition ; but the Gene- ral not thinking the Body fufficient, This Succefs was obtained by the Lofs only of fix Men aboard the Norfolk and Ruffdl, but the Shrewjburfs Cable being {hot (before her other Anchor could be veered aground) Jhe met with worfe Luck: She drove fo far as to open the whole Fire of the Caftle of Boccachica* four of the Enemy's Ships of fixty and feventy Guns, that were moored athwart the Harbour's Mouth, the Battery of St. Jofepb, and two Fafcine Batteries, that were on the Barradero Side ; all this Fire me lay fingly expofed to till dark, when {he took the Benefit of the Land- Wind, and ran off, being greatly mattered in her Hull, Mafts, and Rigging, and a great many Men killed and wounded. Expedition to Carthagena. 7 (he landing with them,/ embarked again in the Boats, and fent for more []. About eight o'clock they landed again, and went and took Pofleffion of the Forts of St. Philip and St. Jago^ and about nine the Bomb-ketches were carried in Shore, and began to play on the Caftle of Boccachica. The three next Days were fpent in landing the remainder of the Forces, the Bag* gage, &c. [>] and by the i6th all [C] It was a Body of eight hundred Grena- diers that firft landed, who, during the Time that more Troops were fent for (which was up- wards of two Hours before they came) were kept in the Boats, within twenty Yards of the Shore, and fo clofely crouded, fcarce one Man could have ufed his Arms, that had they had any Enemy to have dealt with, but daftardly Spaniards^ they muft and would have been cut all to pieces. [D] During the firft three Days the Troops were afhore, they were employed in no one Thing, no not fo much as to clear the Ground for their Encampment, but kept under Arms Night and Day (where, by the Heat of the Sun, 8 An Account of the all the Cannon, Mortars, and Ord- nance Stores were landed []. But the principal Engineer not arriving rill the 1 5th, no Spot was pitched Sun, on a white burning Sand, they were fcorched to Death, and by the Inclemency of the Dews in the Night, they got Colds, fo that many of them fell fick) whereas had they been inftantly employed to have encamped and opened Ground in the Woods for that Purpofe, they would have been fhaded by the Trees, freed from the burning Heat of the Sand, and many of them preferved from the Enemy's Shot, that miffed our Battery. [] In the firft Place it muft be obferved, that there never was Application made what particular Ordnance, Stores, &c. to land, or ny Scheme formed what Sort of Cannon might be neceffary, or what Quantity of Stores want- ing, but the whole was landed, and a confider- able Part loft by being warned off the Beach by the Sea, and feveral Carriages broke to pieces by the Enemy's Shot, and the reft left in Heaps in the utmoft Confufion; notwithftanding there were near five hundred Seamen appointed for this Purpofe ; but thofe Officers, whofe Bufinefs it was to have formed an Artillery Park (though God knows they called this fo) and difpofed of the Stores in a regular Manner and Order, were upon Expedition to Carthagena. 9 upon for raifing a Battery [F] againft the Enemy, fo that the clearing a few Bufhes away down by the Wa- ter Side, for to pitch their Tents, was all the material Work the Army did [F] Such was the Knowledge of the Sub- Engineers, that not one of them knew where to chufe out a Spot of Ground for raifing a Battery, neither had they prepared Fafcines, Pickets, or any Materials, till their Prin- cipal arrived (and after he had pitched on a Place, he made a Demand of thirty thoufand Fafcines of twelve Foot long, twenty thoufand of nine Foot long, and forty thoufand 'Pickets, whereas one thoufand five hundred Fafcines built the Battery) who, Vauban like, would not begin to work, till all his Materials were on the Spot , and then, with five hundred Seamen, two or three hundred Blacks, and as many Soldiers as the General could fpare for Pioneers, he was ten Days erecting a Battery ; and when it was done, it was parallel to neither Face nor Cur- tain of the Fortification, and the Breach was made in the angular Point of the Baftion, nei- ther was there any fafe Communication with it, for no Trench was ever cut, or propofed, only a Path through the Woods, and that almoft in a ftrait Line-, fo that every Shot enfiladed it, and killed twenty times the Number of Men going to and frgm the Battery, that were killed C every I o An Account of the did for near a Week ; and the Ene- my was contented to let them be pretty quiet, only now and then firing a Shot, until they opened a Bomb-Battery of four Mortars and fome Royals on the lyth [G], and then the Fafcine Battery on the Barradera tvery where elfe during the Siege ; nor would the Engineer be prevailed on (any more than the General) to cut off the Communication from the Town to Boccacbica (by which they might have prevented the Enemy from receiving any Succours by Land, feen all their Motions in the Harbour, and hindered any Incurfions from the Caftle) notwithftanding the Admiral frequently folicited the General and wrote to him to have it done. [G] This Thing, called a Bomb-Battery, was alfo a Mark of the Genius and Underftanding of the Engineers. It was a Platform, laid behind a fmall rifing Rock, open on all Sides, no Com- munication to it, either by Trench, Epaulment, or any Security whatfoever, that the Enemy faw every Man (from the Caftle) that went in, or out, as they were obliged to pals over high Ground, to come at the Battery, and then it lay quite expofed to the Barradera Battery ; fo that the Shot fired from thence parted in at one End, and out at the other ; and if tjicy did no Exe- cution Expedition to Carthagena. 1 1 Earradera Side annoyed them great- ly, and particularly the Camp, fo that they were obliged to remove it feveral Paces off. [JiT] This being reprefented to the Admiral, Orders were given for all cution there, were fure to do fomc in the Camp. And as to the Ufefulnefs of it, and the Service that was performed by the excellent Bombardeers, every idle Spectator was a Judge ; though it was oftentimes obferved, by Order, that not fix Shells out of forty had done Exe- cution, and that, on the contrary, fcarce one of forty of the Enemy's ever miffed. [//) The Camp (it has been obferved before) was pitched on a low Sand, but being flickered (as a direct Object) from the Barradera Battery, by the Rock that St. Philip flood on, could not be feen, but lying in the Line of Direction of the Shot fired from thence, at the famous Bomb- Battery, was fure to be flanked by every Shot, which miffed that, and though it might be pru- dent to try Movings, on this Occafion, yet it was a bad Example to the Soldiers, especially when the Chiefs moved off firft, and the Thing was done without regular and publick Orders ; befides the Time it took up at that Conjuncture (when more material Works were in Hand, and the Army leffening every Day by Sicknefs, which was not to be regained.) Whereas had the C 2 Encampment 1 2 An Account of the all Boats of the Squadron to be rea- dy at Midnight (manned and armed) to go to furprize the Earradera Bat- tery, and the Command given to Captain Bofcawen [/], in which they happily fucceeded, fpiked up all Encampment been formed at firft, a few Yards up in the Woods, none of the Enemy's Guns could have been brought to bear on it, nor in- deed would they have been able to have dif- covered where it was ; befides the great Advan- tage of Men's being cool, and particularly after working j but, as it was placecf, inftead of a cool Retreat, to retire to Reft, after being heated by the warm Labour, their Tents were a hotter. [/] The following Captains were alfo ordered upon this Expedition, vix. Capt. Watfon^ Coates, Lawrence, Colety^ and Laws, and all the Barges and Pinnaces of the Fleet. They went away from their Ships about Midnight, and rowed pretty far to Leeward, to avoid being feen, or the Noife of their Oars heard, and propofed landing in a fmall fandy Bay, behind the Barra- dera Battery, into which was a narrow Channel, between two Reefs of Rocks, and a four Gun Battery on the Strand, facing the Channel (both unknown to every Perfon there) which, fo foon 35 fome of the Boats had got into the Channel, began to fire on them -, but the brave Tars Jaaded, and rufhcd in at the Embrazures, and took Expedition to Carthagena. 13 all the Guns ; burnt the Carriages, Platforms, and Guard-houfe ; de- ;ook Pofieflion of the Battery, before the Ene- my could fire a fecond Time. This firing alarmed the Barradera Battery, and the Enemy turned three Pieces of Canon on the Platform, which they fired with Grape Shot, fo foon as the Sea- men advanced ; but notwithstanding that, and the Difficulties and Badnefs of the Road (which was through a Morafs, and where but one Man could walk abreaft, and full of Stumps of Man- groves each a Foot or more high, the Seamen attacked it ; and, after a fmart though Ihort Refiftance, carried it, took nine Prifoners, fpiked up fifteen Guns (from eighteen to twenty four Pounders)burned the Carriages,PJatforms, Guard- houfes, and Magazine ; and it may with Juftice be allowed (from the many Difficulties that at- tended this Action, in Regard to the advantage- ous Situation of the Barradera Battery, the Boats being furprifed with a four Gun Battery, juft as they were going to land, and no Perfon acquainted with the Place) as bold and furprifing an Enterprife, as is to be met with ; and the Confirmation it put the Enemy in feems to con- firm this Opinion; for although Boccachica Caftle, and the Enemy's four Ships, were not more than Mufket Shot off, yet neither they, nor St. Jofeptfs (which was ftill nearer) ever fired a Shot. So that it feems as if they could not believe the Thing, though they faw all in Flames. For this gallant Aftion the Admiral rewarded every common Man with a Dollar apiece. ftroyed j 4 An Account of the ftroycd the Magazine, and took feveral Prifoners [AT], The next Morning, as foon as it was Day, the Enemy from Boccachica began to fire warmly at the Bomb-Battery, (as if they were angry at what happen- ed the Night before) though with- out doing them any particular Da- mage ; and as they were fenfible of the Ufefulnefs and advantageous Situation of this Battery, they fet buiily about repairing fome Part of it, and on the 2Oth had built up fome Embrazures and mounted two Guns, and fired them on the Bomb- Battery again, which the Admiral obferving, ordered the Rippon y a fixty Gun {hip, to go and anchor as near it, as poffible, and keep fir- [K] The Succefs of this A&ion may be faid to have given the Army both Spirits and Plea- fure (pro tempore) as it freed them from the greateft Annoyance of their Camp, and gave them an Opportunity of working quietly on their Battery. ing Expedition to Carthagena. 1 5 ing on it to prevent the Enemy's working on it any farther [L]> fo that all the next Day the Army was in a State of Tranquillity, and on Sunday the 22d their grand Batte- ry of twenty Guns being finiflied, about eight o'clock in the Morning began to play very brifkly on the Caftle, as did the Bomb-Battery, and thirty or forty Cohorns and Royals planted on the Platform behind the [L] Becaufe the Enemy made fuch quick Difpatch in repairing fome Part of the JSarradera Battery, mounting and firing fome Pieces again, the Army began to refleft, and fay, the Battery was not effectually deftroyed, though hundreds of Men were feen constantly at work, and Boats with Cannon, Stores, and Fafcines, pafiing and repaffing hourly, both from "BoccacbicAm& the Ships : But the Truth was, the Army was not accuftomed to work in that brifk Manner : No! Working was no Part of their Trade. However, when the fixty Gun Ship went in againft the Battery, that the Enemy was obliged to bring their Guns to fire at her, the'Army cooled in their Refentmencs, and all was well, while the Enemy was quiet. 2 ~ . - Cannon, 1 6 An Account of the Cannon [M], which the Enemy returned [Af ] This grand Affair having taken up near a Fortnight in railing, and many more Men employed to work, than was neceffary (for there were five hundred Seamen, between two and three hundred Blacks, befides as many Pioneers as could be fpared out of the Army) much Execution may be expected therefrom : But alas ! the Engineers would by no Means outdo them- felves i the Battery was conftructed in a Wood ! and no more Ground was cleared, than a Space neceffary for fo ftupendous a Building (left the Enemy fhould fee the Army ! ) For fo great Caution was ufed, that before the Wood in the Front of the Battery was cut down, it was a. Doubt, whether any Guns could be brought to bear on the Caftle j and as it was, no Guns could be brought to play on the Enemy's Ship- ing, although it was expected they would in- ftantly fire on the Battery, and be capable of doing it the greateft Damage ; (which they did) and had not an Epaulment been thrown up at the Eaft End, every Shot from the Ships muft have raked the Battery, and deftroyed Numbers of Men. The Army allowed the Tars behaved gallantly ; for it muft be remarked, they had Seamen to fight the Guns in the Battery, as well as help, to build it. Whether the Engineers pro- pofed to batter the angular Point of the Baftion in Breach is Matter of Doubt, at the firft lay- ing out of their Battery ; (but infinite Reafons may be afiigned for the Abfurdity, befides that I great Expedition to Carthagena. 1 7 returned as biifldy from the Caftle, the four Ships [/V] (Don Blafis in particular) St. Jofeptis, and fome few Guns from the Barradera, fo that the Work was warm on both Sides. On the 23d the Boyne, Suf- folk^ Tilbury, Prince Frederick, and Hampton Court, were ordered in great one, of having the Fire of two Flanks to deftroy, inftead of one) however it is generally believed, it was Hap-hazard ; for the moft im- partial Judges in the Navy and Army agree, if the Enemy had cut down eighty or an hundred Paces of the Woods further round the Caftle^ the Undertaking would have been fo difficult, as to have Ihocked the Science of all the En- gineers, if not quite difheartened them, from fo daring an Enterprize. [N] The Pofition the Enemy had lain their Ships in, was beyond all Doubt the moft ad- vantageous, could be formed by Man i both for oppofing any Attempt, that might be made by Shipping on the Entrance into the Harbour; or annoy any Battery, that could be raifed afhore; and as they found no Battery againft them, they failed not to play as brifkly (as Spaniards will do when there is no body to hurt them) and did ten times more Damage than the Caftle. D againft 1 8 An Account of the againft-Boccachicato cannonade [0] ; but the Boyne having anchrred fo far to Leeward, as to lie exf ofed to the whole Fire of the Knemy's Ships, and St. Jofeptis Battery, was much {hattered, and ordered off again that Night. The Prince Frederick and Hampton Court > {haring the Fire of the Enemy, that had been employed againft the Boyne, were alfo much Shattered ' by Morning, when they were likewife ordered to come off; the former having loft her Captain, [0] Thefe Ships were ordered to cannonade purely to oblige the General, who, becaufe the Enemy's Ships fired at his Battery, defired the Admiral would fend Ships to cannonade the Caftle, though there was a Battery of twenty Guns to fire againft five or fix Tfor that was all the Caftle could bring to bear on the Battery) fo they had their Mafts and Yards fhot to pieces, and Numbers of Men killed and wounded, with- out doing any other Damage than beating down the Rubbiflv, (which the Battery would have done in half the Time, as being twice as near) for they could not come to hurt the Enemy's Ships, nor did it divert their Ships from firing at the Battery. and Expedition to Carthagena. 19 and both many Men killed and wounded. The Suffolk and "Tilbury happening to anchor well to the Northward, lay battering till the next Evening (and with fome Suc- cefs, particularly againft the Breach) when the Admiral fent Orders for them to draw off. The Army now began to look on the Breach as ac- ceffible, but the Guns in the Bar- radera Battery, being able to annoy them in their Attack, a Reprefen- tation thereof was made to the Ad- miral, who immediately directed the Princefs Amelia^ Litchfield) and Shorebatri) to go in, and anchor as nigh it as poffible, and fent the Boats of the Squadron again mann'd and arm'd, under the Command of Cap- tain Watfon to deftroy it [P], which they [P] So foon as the Enemy faw the Boats coming to Land, and thefe Ships come to an Anchor cloie to the Battery, they deferted it, and fpikcd up the Guns , but Captain Watfon, D 2 and 2,0 4n Account of the they did effectually, and with fcarce any Opposition ; the greateft part of the Guns in Boccachica Caftle be- ing now difmounted, the Army thought proper to entertain the Ene- my's Ships, by widening five or fix Embrazures of their Battery, and playing fome Guns on them, which the Ships as civilly returned, 'till Night clofed in, and firing ceafed on both Sides [^]. The 25th in the Morning it was difcovered, the Ene- er my and Captain Coates marched into it, and ripped up the Platforms, burned them and the Carnages, and effectually demolifhed the Battery : The Ene- my fired at them from their Shipping, but with- out much Damage, [^J ft ma Y be remarked as fomething ex- traordinary, that although the Army thought the Breach jull practicable, they fhould entirely ceafe firing, the Night before they intended the Attack , as it is a fort of an eftablifhed Rule in fill regular Sieges, to keep firing in the Night, to prevent the Enemy's removing the Rubbifh, thatis beat down in the Day, which the Enemy would certainly have done, if they had been fufficiently ftrong j for they began that Night a Counter- Expedition to Carthagena. 21 my had been throwing up fome Fafcine Works on the Ramparts ; however as they had not moved a- way any Rubbifli from the Breach, it was refolved this Evening to at- tack it by Storm [/?], and accord- ingly foon after Sim-fet a Body of Troops marched up and mounted the Counter-Battery of Fafcines on the Ramparts, in order to have difputed it longer, which if they had had Time to have finifhed, and Numbers to have carried on both Works together, (viz.) moving the Rubbifli from the Foot of the Breach, and compleating thefe Counter-Batteries, they would have rendered the Attack as difficult as from the Beginning. [R] The Army having fent in the Night to reconnoitre the Breach,and judging it furmounta- ble, refolved this Evening to attack it, and after having made their neceffary Difpofitions, fent off to acquaint the Admiral with their Defign, and that fo foon as three Shells mould be thrown in the Evening by way of Signal, the Battery mould begin to fire warmly, till the Soldiers were almoft at the Foot of the Breach, and then to ceafe, and they rufh in, which had the de- fired Effect j for on the Battery's playing, the Enemy retired off their Ramparts, except only one Centinel, and he hid himfelf behind fome Fafcines > An Account of the the Breach undifcovered, and quiet- ly took Pofleffion of the Caftle, the Enemy flying out at the Gate fo foon as they faw the Troops on the Ramparts, and heard their Huzza 's. Thofe aboard their Ships were in the utmoft Confternation at fuch a fud- den and fuccefsful Event, and with all Fafcines -, that the Troops mounted the Breach undifcovered, and were actually huzzaing on the Ramparts, and hoifting the Englijh Flag, before the Enemy were apprifed of them ; who made the belt of their Way out of their Caftle Gate, excepting two, who were taken Prifoners ; fo that there was not a Muflctt fired in Oppofi- tion, nor a Gun from any of the Enemy's Ships, which isbothaftonifhing and remarkable, as their Broadfides lay to the Caftle, and the Admiral (Don Blafs) was aboard. But fuch was the Panick they were in, that happy was he that could get firft into a Boat to fave himfelf : (and the Don did not look behind him) Each Ship was fcuttled ready for finking, and had a large fquare Plug in the Hole , but the St. Philip's People not readily getting them out, fet fire to her; the Africa and St. Carlos were funk, as it was in- tended the Galicia mould alfo, in order to pre- vent any Ship's getting through the Channel, which (had the Scheme been effected) would have Expedition to Carthagena. 23 all precipitate Surprize betook them- felves to their Boats, fetting Fire to one of their Ships, and finking two others. At the fame time the At- tack was to be made on the Caftle, (in order to divide the Enemy's Forces) the Admiral had given Or- have rendered it difficult to pafs, if practicable at all, without weighing fome one or other of the Ships. This Victory (it will readily be al- lowed) gave the Army a great Share of Spirits, as it freed them from Hardships (modern Gen- tlemen Soldiers are not ufed to) and gave them Poffeflion of an Ifland (as well as the Caftle) in which the Enemy could not come to dirturb them, efpecially while they had got a Fleet of Ships of War to attend on them ; for, to their great Glory be it fpoken, they could not venture to move along Shore without Men of War to attend on them, as they marched, and the conftant Cry was, Why dorft ysu come to our AJJiftance? Nay, fo great a Liking had they to the Sea, that they could not find their Way into the Caftle, after the Breach was made, without a Sea Pilot to conduct them ; and what is worth Notice is, he was a Spaniard, and a Prifoner ; but the General imagined, he might be as good a Pilot by Land, as by Sea, and fo fent to the Admiral, to defire he might fhew the Troops the Way into the Caftle, 2 ders 4 s began to fire pretty brifkly, and St. Jofepb's Battery fired alfo ; but as rheBufhes prevented their feeing the Men, they did but little Harm. The Enemy fent feveral large Boats full of Men from their Ships into the Battery, which is pretty plain they did not expect Boccachica would have been attacked at that Time, or confequently they would not have fent them there. (Wherefore it is evident, this Scheme facilitated the Army's becoming Matters of Boccachica^ and put an End to the Difputc fooner than was expected, or could the. Flock will ftrayl) fo that .out of two or three hundred Men, that were appointed to attend this Service, it was \vell if thirty were found at Work. [5] When the Army landed, there were fcaree any Works worth Notice round the Caftle of St. Lazare> but a Fafcine Battery of five Guns on the North Side of the Hill (which was built the Year before, when Admiral Vernan ..bom- barded the Town) and' was of no Service, but F 2 in. 36 j4n Account of the a Battery only for three Mortars, and throw up a fmall Breaft-work for their Advance Guards. But no Care wa$ yet taken to cut ofF the Communication between Town and Country [C]. Complaints now be- gan to be made, that the Number of In Cafe of Approaches being made that Way . But as the Enemy faw the Army (difpofed to Reft rather than Work) go on (lowly, they took Occafion to improve their Time, and with un- wearied Diligence fet to Work, and in three Days Time completed a four Gun Battery, and entrenched themfelves in Lines round about the Foot of the Caftle, which v/ere ftronger, and of much more Importance, than the Caftle itfelf, and drew thoie Guns off the Fafcine Battery on the North Port, and mounted them in this new Battery, and faluted the Army frequently with them, whilft they were working on their Bomb- Battery and Lodgment for their Advanced Guards. [C] It has been remarked, that neither General nor Engineer could be prevailed on to cut off the Communication, notwithstanding the Admiral reprefented the Neceflhy thereof, as the rnoft fure Means to diftrefs the Enemy, and had fent the "Dunkirk to anchor off the Boguilla, to pre- vent any Embarkation bringing Supplies by "Wa- ter. Expedition to Carthagena. 37 of Sick was greatly increafed in the Camp ; upon which the Admiral immediately fupplied them with a Detachment of Lord James Caven* dijh and Colonel Bland\ Regiments, that ter, as he had done the Falmoutb at the gran4 Bam, on the Outfide of PaJ/a Cavattos (before the taking of Boccacbica) which effectually pre- vented -any Refrefhments coming to the Enemy from 2W, and the River Sina, their principal Markets ; yet nothing was of Weight enough for its being done here, although fo very eafy, and the Army were complaining heavily, for want of Refrefhments, and yet fuffered Supplies daily to go into the Town. The Boguilla is the Mouth of the Lake (behind Carthagena) that opens into the Sea, where the Enemy kept a Guard of about an hundred Men, and was the only Wajr poflibly they had left for Supplies to come to them i and though frefh, Provifions. were fcarcc in the Camp, and would fyave been exceedingly beneficial to the Sick, yet fa. little Pains did the Army care to take to get it, that when the Ge* neral was acquainted, that a Drove of three or four hundred Head of Oxen were going along the Strand, he did not difpatch a Party to inter- cept them, or endeavour to cut them off, not in three Hours after he had been informed of the Thing, and then the Catde were going into the Town. But fo far were the Army from being i difpofed 38 An Account of the that had remained aboard the Ships as part of their Compliments, and a Body of fuch Americans as were fit for Duty [>]. Upon difpofed to cut off the Communication on that Side, that they were continually forming Ideas of the Enemy's coming that Way to attack them, and that they were actually raffing Batteries on fome of the Hands in the Lake, to drive them out of the Camp, and could not be convinced to the contrary, till the Admiral ordered a large Canoe to be carried over Land, and launched into the Lake, which was manned and armed, and an Officer of the Weymouth and a Land Offi- cer fent in her round the Lake, to reconnoitre ; upon whofe Return, thofe dreadful Apprehen- fions were ditiipated. [D] From the firft Sight of the -American Troops they were defpifed, and as many of them were Iri/h, (fufpected Papifts) were never employ- ed till now, but as Sicknefs encreafed amongft the others (and hourly Attacks expected from the Enemy) it was thought expedient to have them afhore; and though it is moft certain, there was icarce one but knew what Opinion had been con- ceived of them, nay indeed told them, that had not the Fellows been better than they were taken for, it was enough to have exafperated them to have deferted. The other Soldiers of Lord James Cavendi/h and Col. Blanks Regiments were as good Troops as any on the Expedition ; 4 and Expedition to Carthagena. 39 Upon this Reinforcement, and the Apprehenfions of the rainy Sea- Ton s, which were daily expeded, on the eighth in the Afternoon a Land Council of War was held []* wherein it was refolved to attack the Caftle and Trenches of St. Lazare, and after this Reinforcement, it was expected the Communication would have been immedi- ately cut off; (as it had been fuggefted Numbers could not be fpared before) but fo far from that,' that the Army ftill complained^ that they had not Men enough to relieve their Guards ; and in- deed, according to ' the Number they mounted, Marlborougtfs Army would fcarce have been fuffi- cient ; for the Advance Guard conlifted of five hundred Men, the Picket eight hundred, befides feveral other Out-Guards of one hundred^ and fome fifty , whereas the Enemy had but one Guard (that faced this Way) without their Work, and that of feven Men only. Thus were the poor Wretches haraflfed. \E] When the Council of War met, feveral of the general Officers and Colonels diffented from this Refolution, as judging it too rafh an Undertaking, without a proper Breach being made firft, or at leaft before the Place had been well reconnoitred , but in order to folve this laft Difficulty, there were feveral Deferters that offered to go as Guides, and three of the moft intelligent were pitched upon. I (without 40 An Account of the (without firft railing a Battery to make a Breach) and to this Refolu- tion the Engineer joined in Opini- on [FJ. Accordingly on the ninth in the Morning between three and four o'clock the Attack was made, and maintained very refolutely on both Sides till between fix and fe- ven, when the Enemy obliged the Forces to retreat after a confiderable Lofs of Officers and Men [G] Af- ter the Mifcarriage df this Scheme (which [F] The principal Engineer being killed at Boccacbtca, his Succeflbr (being none of the moft knowing in the Science) did not chufe any Works mould be taken in Hand, as they would efcpofe his Ignorance; fo chearfully gave into that Opinion. [G] After the Majority of the Council of War had determined on the Attack, a proper Time was now the Queftion, as to which the Deferters informed them, about two o'clock in the Morning would be the beft Time ; for the Guards from the Town that nightly patroled round the Foot of the Hill would by that Time be returned and gone to their refpectivc Homes ; bccaufcas Duty went hard(theirNumbers beingbut fmall) Expedition to Caithagena. 4 1 (which was the occafion of theTowrt's not being taken) the Army fickened furprifingly fad, and thofe that were killed being efteemed the Flower of the fmall) it was cuftomary for them, as Toon as they had performed their Rout, to go to Bed ; and further obferved, that when a Spaniard has laid himielf down to deep, it is no eafy Talk to raife him to fight \ but tlvefe Arguments were of no Force to the General ; juft before Day was his Time ; accordingly, about four o'Clock in the Morning the Attack began, and a Party of Grenadiers, along with Colonel Grant, en- tered the Trenches at the Foot of the Caftle^ but not being fudained, were cut off, and Colo- nel Grant (hot through the Body. After this* inftead of rufhing in, Sword in Hand, and mingling with the Enemy in the Trenches, a full Stop was made, and the Men ftood firing in Plotoons-, thofe that had Room, and could wheel off for others, did, but the greateft Part ftood and fired all their Ammunition away, while the Enemy (as it was now Day-light, arid they could take Aim) were mowing them down, like Qrafs, with their Cannon, Mufketry, and Gre- nadoes $ notwithftanding which, the Troops faced them like Lions, and wanted buC to have been Jed or^ or told what they were to have done, and they certainly would have taken the Place. But, in Head of that, from the moil xctlknt Djlpoiition that was made, no Officer G attempted 42, An Account of the the Flock, the General declared he was no longer in a Condition to defend attempted to lead them on, and the Grenado Shells, that fhould have been in the Front, and diftributed among the Soldiers, were in Boxes in the Rear ; nor was there one Length of lighted Match among them. The Woolpacks and Scaling Ladders were alfo in the Rear. But when Colonel Grant entered the Trenches, fuch Call was made for them, that fome few were carried up the Hill ; however as he, poor Gentleman, fell, no body elfe tried to make Ufe of them ; and fo amongft other Things they were left for th6 Enemy. As this Scheme was but badly formed from the Beginning, (and indeed may be properly called the General's own Scheme) fo it as unfortunately ended ; for the Admiral not being acquainted with this Refolution of the Council of War, (either by Letter or MeiTage) had not an Opportunity of acting in Conjunction with them, and affifting them with a Body of Seamen, as it is evident he would have done ; for as foon as he was acquainted the Fort was attacked, and got up and faw the Troops at a Stand, the Inftant a Signal could be feen, (at Dawn of Day) he made one for all the Boats in the Fleet manned and armed, and fent them with Orders to follow the General's Directions ; but it was too late j before they got afhore, the Troops were returned from the Attack. Various Expedition to Carthagzna. 43 defend himfelfj much more to carry on a Siege againft the Place, and hoped, if the Admiral (who had ordered the Weymouth to erect a Various are the Accounts of the Loffes fuftain- cd in this A&ion ; but it is generally believed, there were upwards of one hundred Men killed, and near two hundred wounded, thirty of whom were taken Prifoners, Numbers of Arms, Colours, Drums, Woolpacks, Grenadoes, Pick-axes, Sho- vels, Scaling Ladders, &c. were left behind in the Retreat, which the Enemy arrogantly di- verted themfelves withal, for fome Time, on the Top of the Hill, taking Care to let the Army fee them. As when Faults are committed, the firft Thing fought after is an Excufe; fo, not fucceeding in this Attack, the Army now fell to blaming the Guides, faying, they had led them the wrong Way ; the Guides again fay, the Army would not follow them the Way they would have led them ; but had Reafon alone been their Guide, fure they mould have attacked the Caftle on the weakeft Side , (for they all knew one Side wasde- fencelefs) whereas they attacked it on the ftrong- eft Side, where the Hill was moft difficult of Accefs ; and when they found themfelves re- pulfed, and at a Lofs what to do, the fpeedier they had made their Retreat, the fmalter had been their Lofs. G 2 Bomb- 44 >dn Account of the Bomb-Battery, which was finifhed and played in two Days) expected any Thing to be done, he would order fome Ships in to cannonade the Town [H]> other wife defired thefe Things might be confidered in a general Council of War, of Sea and Land [H] The Admiral had fent feveral Officers in to found, and try if Ships might come near enough to batter, who all gave ir, as their Opi- nions, that there could not more than three Ships pofiibly anchor at the upper End of the Harbour ; and if they were laid but in a Foot Water more than they drew, they would not be in a Point- Biank-Shot, and confequently could do no ma- terial Execution ; however, to convince the General, that Ships could be of no manner of Service to him, the Admiral caufed the Galicia (one of the Si-anijh Ships) to be fitted proper for battering, by forming, between each Port, Mer- lons (or Cafes) of fix Foot thick, and filled with rammed Earth or Sand, and fent her in to canno- nade the Town , but it was foon found, me could not come near enough to do any Service \ for the pnemy had demolifhed her fo, in two or three Hours, that (he would have funk in half an Hour more, if me had not been drawn off ; and it may be eflablifhed as a general Rule, for Ships to goby, that unleis they can come within half 4 Muiket Exedition to Carthagena. 45 Land Officers, and accordingly on the 1 5th a Council of War was held, who came to a Refolution (upon the General's Reprefentation of the bad State of the Army) [/], to have the Cannpn and Forces reimbarked with all convenient Speed, and the iyth in the Night the Troops were accordingly \K~\ taken off the Shore. Nothing a Mufket or Piftol Shot of a Fortification, it will have the Advantage of them, for the further you lye off, the more Guns they can bring to bear againft you ; whereas, when you go fo near, there can no more Guns annoy you, than are mounted within the Length of your Ship ; and the Difference of Brifknefs in firing, betwixt a Ship and a Fort, is fo great, befides the Odds in Number of Guns, that it is impoflible to with- itand a Ship long. After this Experiment the Galicia was burned. [/] After the famous Battle of St. Lazare, the Troops fickened very faft, infomuch, that by Account delivered in (and the General's Re- port) between Thurfday Morning and Friday Night, theyhad dwindled away from 6645 to 3200, and 1 200 of thefe were Americans > and not efteemed fit for Service. [K] When the Council of War agreed to the Forces being embarked, th General urged, that they 3 46 An Account of the Nothing remained now but to get the Fleet and Tranfports ready for Sea, and to demolifh the Caftlesand Fortifications already taken, which laft was effectually done by blowing them up, and by the i 2th of May the whole Fleet and Forces had tak- en leave of Carthagena. they might come off in the Night, left the Ene- my mould make a Sortie, fo that the Boats were ordered afhore about nine o'clock, and from the Apprehenfions they were in of the Enemy's being at their HeeJs, many of them left their Baggage, and Numbers of them their Tents and Arms, which the Enemy came the next Morning and picked up. The Tents they pitched upon St. Lazare Hill, and other Places, where they might bed be feen, and by a Flag of Truce that had Occafion to pafs the next Day, about Ex- change of Prifoners, they failed not to exprefs their Aftonimment at the precipitate Retreat of the Army. Thus ended this famous Expedition, that was the greateft and moft expenfive that ever entered the American Seas, and which Europe gazed on with Admiration and Atten- tion. A P P E N- u , 1 ' ' , " APPENDIX. . , /^_, IN order more fully and clearly to form a Judgment of the foregoing Expedition, it may not be improper to fubjoin this Narrative of the Enemy's Situation, Strength, and Difpofition at Carthagena, as the Fleet and Forces found them on their Arrival there : And in order to carry it on agreeable to the Advances that were made, begin with a Difpofition of Punta Canoa Bay, where the Fleet firft anchored. This B'ay is about five Miles to the North Weft of the City of Carthagena, but not an extraordinary good anchoring Place, as the Water is fhoal a great Way off the Shore, and the Coaft. pretty ftrait, that Ships are not much fhel- tered with the Point of Land, from the Violence of the Breezes that generally blow. In the Bottom of this Bay is an Entrance into the great Lake of Jefea, (called the Boquilla) where the Enemy had a fmall Fafcine 4 8 APPENDIX. Fafcine Battery of four Pieces of Cannon, and kept a Guard; but upon the Fleet's Arri- val, (and during the Time they continued to lie there) a coniiderable Number of the Enemy's Forces, both Horfe and Foot, kept conftantly there, expecting a Defcent. The next Place of Note was the Cruizes, where the Enemy kept a Guard ordinarily of a hundred Men : This Place is about half Way from the Boquilla to the Town, and guards a narrow Creek or Pafs from the Town to the Lake, called PaJJa de yuan D'Ingola, through which Supplies come in Canoes from the other Side of the Lake to the Town : As for the City itfelf, Nature has fortified that againft any Attempt by Sea, the Water fhoaling near a League off, and the Shore being plentifully bounded with Rocks ; be- fides, the Sea is very feldom fmooth, fo that it is difficult at all Times landing. However, as the Enemy knew the Bravery of thofe they had to deal with, they began to wall this Side of the Town, and make a Ravelin in the Middle, there being already a ftrong Baftion at each End. Bocca Grande being the next Place the Enemy fufpe&ed an At- tempt might be designed, had ported two of their Men of War, the Conquejlodore of fixty fix Guns, and the Dragon of fixty to guard it, and began two Fafcine Batteries, one APPENDIX. 49 one on each Point of the Entrance. 'This PafTage, called Eocca Grande^ was formerly the principal Entrance into the Harbour, but by Storms, and the Force of the Sea, a Bank was thrown up, which quite clofed the Entrance, and then it was called Eocca Serrada ; but as ft range Revolutions are fre- quent in thefe Countries, within thefe few Years this PafTage has broke out again, and there is now nine or ten Foot Water in it. About three Miles below this, on the Ifland of Terra Bomba, was a (mall Fort of four Guns, called Battery de Chamba j and half a Mile further, a Fafcine Battery of twelve Guns, (both of thefe the Enemy had aban- doned.) The next Places of Defence were the Forts of St. Philip and St. Jago, one of feven Guns, the other of fifteen, which ferved as Redoubts to the Caftle of Bocca- chica. One of thefe Forts was built on the Rock Ponti landed on, and probably to prevent any one's landing there again, (efpe- cially fo eafily as he. did.) The Caftle of Boccachica was the Enemy's chief Depen- dance, as it guarded the Entrance into the Harbour. It is a regular Square, with four Baftions well built, and was capable of making a ftout Defence if well garifoned, and would have been much ftronger had the Glacis and Counterfcarp been finished. There H was 5 o APPENDIX. was mounted in it eighty two Guns, and three Mortars, and -the Enemy had cleared three or four hundred Yards of the Woods round it, to prevent Approaches being made undifcovered, (as Ponti did in 1697.) On the other Side the Harbour's Mouth was a Fafcine Battery of fifteen Guns, called the 'Barradera ; and in a fmall Bay a back of that, another Battery of four Guns ; and facing the Entrance of the Harbour, on a fmall flat Jfland, flood St. JofepVs Fort of twenty one Guns : From this Fort to Boc- cachica Cattle a Boom and Cables were fix- ed acrofs, faftned with three large Anchors at each End j and juft within the Boom was 'moored in a Line four Men of War, the Galicia of fixty fix Guns, (aboard which was the Admiral Don Blaft D'Lefo,} the Jtfrica and St. Carlos, each of iftxty fix Guns, and the St. Philip of feventy Guns, which fpread the Width of the Harbour's Mouth, that there was not room for a Ship cither to pafs a head or a ftern of them, fo that it was impofiible for (hipping to force an Entrance into the Harbour ; and had the Enemy here made a Defence equal to the ad- mirable Difpofition they had formed, it muft have been a difficult Tafk for the Fleet to have got in, even after Boccachica Caftle was taken. About four or five Miles from hence is a APPENDIX. 51 is a Creek, or Pailage, that parts the Grand Earn from the Main called Paffa Cavat/os, through which there is Water enough for fmall VeiTels : This Pafs the Enemy had defended with two Fafcine Batteries, one of eight Guns, the other of four, as well to protedt their own Imbarkations that come this Way with Provifions from To/u, and the River Sina, as to prevent any Attempts being made this Way. The next place of De- fence was Caflillo Grande p , which is about eight Miles up the Harbour. This Caftle is a regular Square with four Baftions, ftrong and well built, and defended to the Land by a wet Ditch and Glacis proper, and one Face towards the Sea has a Raveline, and a double Line of Guns. This Caftle can. mount fixty one Guns, though there was. but fifty feven in it. Oppofite to this was a Horfe-fhoe Battery of twelve Guns, called Mancinitta ; and in the Middle between thefc two Forts is a large Shoal with not above two or three Foot Water on it, which di- vides the Channel into two : In each of thefe Paflages were Ships funk acrols, to pre- vent, if poffible, the Fleet's getting by ; for that Part of the Harbour above thefe Caftles is a perfect Bafon, and feems rather like one Harbour within another, fo that if fome of the Ships could not have got paft to have co- H 2 vered 52, APPENDIX. vered the Troops landing (where they did) they muft have marched feveral Miles, and been greatly expofed ; betides, it would have been executively difficult tranfporting the Cannon, neither could the Bomb-Ketches have got near enough this Way to have di- verted the Town ; fo that the Intent of this Difpofition was exceeding good, had it been effectually executed, (but Fear made the Enemy work in too much Hurry.) Near three Milesjfurther up the Harbour, on two flat fandy Iflands, or Keys, ftands the fa- mous City of Cartbagena^ and Himani, called its Suburbs, which are both irregular Fi- gures, but well fortified to the Land with ftrong Baftions at proper Diftances, and Lakes and Morafles running round them ; and the Water at the Head of the Harbour fhoal fo far off, that Ships cannot come near enough to do any material Execution with their Guns, which adds much to it's Strength. About a Quarter of a Mile from the Gate of Himani, on a pretty high Emi- nence, flands the Caftle (or Redoubt) of Sf. Lar-are, which in itfelf is but trifling, but it's Situation very advantageous, and by fome new Works lately thrown up much ftrength- cned. This Redoubt overlooks all the Town, 2 but APPENDIX. 53 but has a Brow of a Hill (about four hun- dred Yards from it) that overlooks it as much, and entirely commands it, where would have been a proper Place to have raifed a Battery, which the Enemy full well knew, for they conflantly kept a Guard there, to obferve the Army's Mo- tions. As it was this famous Caftle put an End to the Siege of .Carthagena t a particu- lar Defcription of it may not be unwelcome. The Hill it frauds on is about fifty or fixty Foot high, naturally fteep, but made more fo by the Earth out of the Trenches and Lines being thrown over the Brow. The Caftle is a Square of about fifty Foot, with three Demi-Baftions, two Guns in each Face, one in each Flank, and three in each Curtain. When the Army firft landed, there was no material Works about the Caftle, but a' Fafcine Battery, of five Guns at the North End of the Hill, facing the Brow of the commanding Hill abovementioned ; but whilft they were encamping, &c. the Ene- my cut Lines round the Foot of the Caftle, and erected another Fafcine- Battery on the South Brow of the Hill, and brought four Guns out of the Nbrth Battery, and mounted in this, as it commanded the Afcent of the Hill beft ; thefe Lines ran in Traverfes, and commu- 5 4 APPENDIX. communicated from Battery to Battery, and were a better Defence, and much ftronger, than all the other Works together. After the Attack, the Enemy heing able to judge where theirFoible lay, mounted two Guns in the Lines, againft the angular Point of one of the Baftions (which was not defended) where the Troops afcended the Hill, and to the South Part of the Hill lengthened their Lines, and made a Stair-cafe up the Hill, to the Fafcine-Battery, and a Bread-work crofs the Road, from the Foot of the Hill down to the Water-fide, which effectually blocked themfelves up, and was a Security againft the Army's making a fecond Attack, and coming at them the right Way, as they might have done at fiift, had they taken the Guide's Advice. The Side next the Town is quite defencelefs, and the Way into the Caftle up a Ladder, on that Side, which draws up, like a Bridge. From the feveral Examinations of Defert- crs it appeared, the Number of the Enemy did not exceed four thoufand, (regular Forces, Seamen, Militia, Blacks, and Indians includ- ed) and daily Experience convinced us of the Goodnefs of their Engineers, Bombardiers, and Gunners, as Defertion and Cowardice convinced us of ths Badnefs of others. Having APPEND IX. Having given an Account of the Enemy's Situation and .Strength, it may likewife be neceffary to relate fome Account of the State of the Army, and what pretty Inftruments and Materials they were furnimed withal. That the whole Body of the Troops, that came from England (unlefs two Regiments) were raw, new railed, undifciplmed Men, is a Fact known to every one; and the greateft Part of the Officers commanding them, either young Gentlemen whofe Qua- lity or Intereft entitled them to Preferment, or abandoned Wretches of the Town, whofe Proftitution had made them ufeful on fome dirty Occafion, and by Way of Reward were provided for in the Army j but both thefe Sorts of Gentlemen had never feen any Services, confequently, knew not properly how to act, or command ; fo that the wor- thy old experienced Officers, who had ferved long and well, underwent a continual Hard- fhip, in teaching and difciplining a young raw Army, at a Time when they were on Service, and every one ought to have been M afters of their Trade, inftead of having it to learn ; and thus, by more frequently expofing themfelves, mod of them were knocked on the Head. As for i\\t Ameri- can Troops, they were in general many Degrees 56 APPENDIX. Degrees worfe, but the Officers in particu- lar, who were compofed of Blackfmiths, Taylors, Shoemakers, and all the Banditti that Country affords, infomuch, that the other Parts of the Army held them in fcorn. And for Engineers, Bombardiers, and Gun- ners, worfe never bore the Name, or could be picked out of all Europe. Amongft the ten Engineers, there was but one who ever faw a Siege (and that was the fimple Siege of Gibraltar) and he was killed at Boccachica, in the midft of his own defencelefs Works ; fo that the reft may jufl- ly have been faid to be left without a Head. As for the Bombardiers and Gunners, the Colonel commanding the Train was in his grand Climactenck, and confequently very unfit to be fent upon this Expedition ; but he, poor Gentleman, was foon difpatched (thanks to the' Ignornace of the Engineers) and his Succeflbr took care to render him- felf as unfit for Duty, by Excefs of Drink- ing, as Old Age rendered the other ; and as to Inferiors of both Sorts, Bombardiers and Cannoneers, many of them were Country Fellows, who told the General they were provided for in the Train for voting for JVtr.-' and Mr. fuch a one, &c. Out of thefe few that were good, by conftant At- tendance APPENDIX. 57 tendance and Duty's falling hard few wen; left, and indeed they had not many Oppor- tunities of (hewing their Abilities, the Ma- terials they were provided withal being moftly bad ; for two thirds of the Bomb-Shells ei- ther broke (hort in the Air, or their Fufees went out, and they never broke at all ; nor were there one in three of the Grenadoe$ vrould burft ; the Shells were fo thick,, and the Cavity fo fmall, they would not hold Powder fufficient to crack them ; nay, fo little Care was taken in providing and pack- ing up proper Materials for a Train of Ar^ tiHery, that out of eight Pieces of Battering- Cannon-Principals, one was found defective and unferviceable, and the Expedition had like to have fet forward, without a Plank or Joift for Platforms for the Guns,, or any Bill-Hopks to cut Fafcines and clear the Ground, had not Lord Cathcart been in- formed thefe Things were wanting, and. wrote timely to have them Applied be- fore the Fleet failed, which Ipy then at St. He/lens. Upon the whole, the Service that has. been performed bed demonstrates the Good- nefs of this Army : How much it has fuf- fered, as well as the Reputation of the Na- 4 I tipn a - 58 APPENDIX. tion, by the Death of Lord Catbcart, the End of the Expedition muft refolve. Thus much may be faid in Behalf of the common Soldiers, though they were raw and undifciplined, they wanted not for Courage and Refolution becoming Englifo- men* FINIS. 5489 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES University of California SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 305 De Neve Drive - Parking Lot 17 Box 951388 LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90095-1388 Return this material to the library from which it was borrowed. MAY i tiff 8 '* University Southe] Librai