THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESENTED BY PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID AN ALPINE ABC AN ALPINE ABC AND LIST OF EASY ROCK PLANTS ARRANGED BY A. METHUEN NEW YORK E. P. BUTTON AND COMPANY PUBLISHERS PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY BUTLER & TANNER, FROME AND LONDON PREFACE THESE notes are for the beginner and the amateur. Their purpose is (1) To give a list of the most attractive and the easiest Alpine flowers. They do not include difficult or curious plants. These are for the specialist. (2) To guide him in the placing and culture of such plants. The notes are designedly short, and more elaborate lists and advice can be found in larger Alpine garden books. The compiler has had experience of most of these plants, and has cultivated them with (more or less) success, but the reader will remember that the directions which are appropriate to a dry and sandy position will not suit a low and damp one, and he must adjust his methods to his necessities. Here are a few rules which the amateur may follow with the qualifications which the aspect, the soil and the configuration of his garden make necessary : i. The best aspect is south-east. M365089 AN ALPINE ABC 2. The rock garden should be built of hard stone in tiers, and the rocks should slope slightly so that the rain may run away. If you must use sandstone, see that it is well weathered. 3. Let your rocks be large, plentiful, well-placed and laid flat. Nothing is more odious than the ordinary " rockery " with a number of small, pointed and jagged stones. 4. The soil should be mixed with grit and should be of good quality. Most alpines like a good garden soil, i.e., a light loam. If the soil is sandy it should be enriched by fibrous loam and leaf mould. If it is poor, give a little mild horse manure to the stronger plants. If it is heavy, it should be mixed with light soil and well-drained. Sphagnum moss is use- ful for plants which like damp. 5. If the soil is wanting in lime, lime should be added where its use is indicated. Most alpines like lime, but some detest it. Old mortar- rubble is good. It is useful to have a lime area and a non-lime area, and to keep the lime-loving plants separate from the lime-haters. PREFACE 6. Plant your alpines close to or at the foot of the rocks, for most plants like the shelter and the damp of a rock. Many plants should be wedged tightly between stones, e.g. the saxifrages. 7. Top-dress your plants two or three times a year and see that small plants are kept firmly in the ground so that their roots are not exposed. Once a year top-dress with stone chips. Plants like this dressing, and it keeps the soil moist in summer. 8. When planting spread out the roots well, giving them plenty of room, and press down firmly. In dry weather plunge the plant into water before setting it in its place. 9. You should always have one or two moraines for some of the more delicate alpines, especially those with hair- like roots which only flourish in such soils, e.g., gentiana verna and the androsaces. 1 1 The enthusiast who wishes to grow the high Alpine plants to perfection must make a small moraine, and he will do well to look to the natural conditions under which these plants live and which he hopes to imitate. A friend gives the following recipe : The moraines of the Alps are simply tumbled vii AN ALPINE ABC 10. Plants of the same family should be kept together where this is possible. It is more interesting to have a saxi- masses of mountain dbris, stones of all sizes and shapes, sand and shingle, all knit firmly together, and containing the merest trace of primitive vegetable soil, washed down from the rocky heights. In our gardens the moraine must be made on the same plan. It should face as near as possible south-east, and be so arranged that its surface is well raised above ground level, the better to afford an easy view of its treasures. Let the main bulk be made up of stones varying from the size of a man's head to that of his fist. All the spaces between these stones are tightly packed in the building with the " moraine mixture," which is composed of fine quarry sittings, granite or limestone chips, or any other similar material which may be available. This is mixed with about one-fifth of its bulk of topspit peat and leaf-soil. The whole must be not less than 18 inches in depth, and should be bounded behind by rocky walls. The surface should show a few weathered stones half hidden in the general mass. A moraine built on the lines indicated here will retain moisture for very long periods and, in dry weather, may be watered with the rose. It is the larger stones which play the most important part in retaining water, and if these are of a porous nature, so much the better. Round these stones the roots of the plants will cling, always assured of those conditions which make life and growth easy fir them. PREFACE frage section, a primula section, a campanula section, than to have the various species of these plants scat- tered minutely about the garden. 11. Aim at mass effects. The beauty of alpine flowers in their homes is largely derived from the lovely mass of colour which glows on the slopes and mea- dows. Thus make a carpet of gentiana verna or acaulis (200 or so if you can raise them). Among these plant the smaller anemones, androsaces, dian- thus alpinus and the small primulas. Above these, on a higher slope, plant masses of dryas, the larger anemones, and the blue aquilegias. 12. You will have more success and a more effective display if you grow a moder- ate number of plants well than a large number of plants poorly. Only grow plants that thrive in your soil and climate. Do not worry about rare and difficult plants. Leave them to specialists. 13. Plant flowering shrubs at the back of your rock garden, but do not overdo them. They should give a background, but should not dominate. The best are given in the following pages. AN ALPINE ABC 14. Rock plants are delicate and short- lived things and must constantly be renewed. Never cease propagating either by division or cuttings or seeds. Collect your own seeds. They will often do better than bought seeds. It is generally better to sow such seeds as soon as they are ripe. 15. Above all, remember that advice, rules and directions are useless without the seeing eye and the observing mind. Watch constantly and learn. A. M. July, 1922. THE ALPINE HOUSE IF you have an uriheated greenhouse and can afford the space you will be able to grow many Alpine treasures under glass better than in the open. In their native mountains, protected from excessive rain by a blanket of snow, these little plants are warm and thriving and ready for the next spring. But under our bleak and moist sky, and exposed to our heavy rains, the andro- saces and such-like damp off or become miserable and ineffective mounds of flannel. In November, therefore, put some of your Alpines in your cold house, having carefully planted them in pots or pans in their proper soil, and in due time you will have a charming display of flowers, all healthy and untouched by dirt or damp. 1 1 Plants intended for display in the Alpine house should be grown in shallow pots or pans. Two very useful sizes are 4 inches deep by 6 inches wide and 4^ inches deep by 6J inches wide. The soil must be carefully compounded to suit AN ALPINE ABC The following are specially suited to this treatment : All the androsaces. The smaller anemones, e.g. Appennina, Pulsatilla and Robinsoniana. Many campanulas, e.g., G. F. Wilson, garganica, pulla and pusilla. Cyananthus lobatus. Cyclamen Coum and Europaeum. Dianthus alpinus and neglectus. Gentiana acaulis and verna. Dryas lanata. Erodium corsicum. Fritillaria. Hepatica. Houstonia. Hypericum reptans. Iris reticulata. Linum arboreum. Lithospermum graminifolium. the requirements of each plant. It should not be finely sifted, and should contain plenty of coarse sand and stony material. The saxifrages, and, in fact, all the saxatile plants, are best grown and displayed by planting among comparatively large stones which are sunken deeply in the pans and form a miniature rock- work on the surface. Very pleasing effects may be obtained by the use of weathered pieces of stone arranged as a setting for the plant. THE ALPINE HOUSE Malvastrum Munroanum. Morisia hypogaea. Myosotis rupicola. Nertera depressa. Omphalodes Luciliae. Onosma. Oxalis enneaphylla, etc. Papaver alpinum. Penstemon cseruleus. Phlox subulata, various. Potentilla nitida. Primula Beesiana, Bulleyana, auricula, farinosa, frondosa, helodoxa, Juliae, Lissadell, Littoniana, rosea, Winteri. Ramondia. Rhododendron chamaecistus. Saponaria ocymoides. Saxifrages, nearly all. Schizocodon. Schizostylis. Shortia uniflora. Silene. Soldanella. Trollius asiaticus. Viola pedata. Wahlenbergia. Many delightful small bulbs, e.g. Narcissus triandrus albus, etc., make a picture in an Alpine house. AN ALPINE ABC ABELIA RUPESTRIS (4-5 ft.). Pink. A beautiful shrub for a back position. AC^ENA MICROPHYLLA (NOV^ ZEALANDI^) (1-2 in.). Red. A useful carpet plant which will grow anywhere. ACANTHOLIMON GLUMACEUM (5-7 in.). Rose. VENUSTUM (6-8 in.). Rose. Plant in the sun in loam, lime and sand between stones. Propagate by layering or from seed. ACHILLEA CLAVENN^E (6-8 in.). White. TOMENTOSA (&-I2 in.). Yellow. Plant south in a chink in loam, lime and grit. Propagate by division or from seed. ADONIS VERNALIS (10-15 in.). Yellow. AMURENSIS (10-15 in.). Yellow. Plant south in a good sandy loam. Divide every three years or raise from seed. ^ETHIONEMA CORIDIFOLIUM (6-7 in.). Rose- lilac. GRANDIFLORUM (10-12 in.). Rose. PULCHELLUM (8-12 in.). Rose. Plant all these south in a chink in lime and loam. Cut back after flowering, and raise from cuttings or from seed. AJUGA REPTANS (4-8 in.). Dark blue. Plant in half shade. Propagate by division of tufts in spring. AN ALPINE ABC ALLIUM CSRULEUM (12-18 in.). Blue. Plant south in sandy loam and propagate by offsets. ALYSSUM ARGENTEUM (3 In.). White. MONTANUM (2-4 in.). Yellow. PYRENAICUM (8 in.). White. SAXATILE (12 in.). Yellow. There is a double form, and a light yellow one (sulphurea). SPINOSUM (7-8 in.). White. Plant all above behind a stone or between stones on the slope in gritty soil. Propagate by cuttings, division or seed, and raise new plants every two years. ANDROSACE CARNEA (3-4 in.). Pink. LAGGERI (3-4 in.). Pink. Plant these on the flat in sand, loam and grit, with a little peat. Most Androsaces dislike excessive moisture, and should be protected from rain in winter. They should be planted in chinks or between stones. Most do well in the moraine. Propagate by division or cut- tings or seed. LANUGINOSA (v. Leichtlini) (6-8 in.). Rose. Plant south in loam and lime behind a rock so that it may hang down. Cut back each year. SARMENTOSA (v. Chumbyi) (5-8 in.). Rose. Plant south in gritty loam with a little lime or in the moraine. VILLOSA (2-4 in.). Light rose. Treat like A. Carnea. ANEMONE ALPINA (also SULPHUREA) (12-24 in.). White or yellow. Plant south in good loam and lime. APPENNINA (6 in.). Blue. Plant in half shade in sandy loam. 6 AN ALPINE ABC ANEMONE BLANDA (6 in.). Blue. Plant south in good loam. HEPATICA. See Hepatica. NARCISSIFLORA (10 in.). White or purplish. Plant in half shade in damp ground in loam and peat. NEMEROSA (5-6 in.). White. A. Robinsoniana is a beautiful blue form ; and A. Allenii is also very fine. Plant west in sandy loam. PULSATILLA (6-12 in.). Purple. Plant east in limy soil. It often dies off and needs constant renewal. SYLVESTRIS (6-18 in.). White. VERNALIS (2-8 in.). White and violet. Plant south in half shade in sandy loam. Most of the anemones may be propagated by divid- ing the roots in spring or autumn or by seeds. ANTENNARIA TOMENTOSA (i in.). White. Plant in light soil. Propagate by division in spring or by seed. ANTHEMIS AIZOON (2-4 in.). White. Plant in full sun in light soil. Propagate by dividing the roots in spring or from seed. ANTHERICUM LILIAGO (1-2 ft.). White. LILIASTRUM (1-2 ft.). White. Plant in large clumps in half shade In loam and leaf -mould. Top-dress with mild manure. Divide the roots. ANTHYLLIS MONTANA (3-6 in.). Pink or purple. Plant south in a chink in loam and lime. Propagate by cuttings or seed. ANTIRRHINUM ASARINA (3-4 in.). Pale yellow. GLUTINOSUM (3-4) in. White and yellow. Plant south in a rock crevice in loam and lime. Propagate by seeds or by cuttings in September. 2 7 AN ALPINE ABC APHYLLANTHES MONSPELIENSIS (8-12 in.). Deep blue. Plant in wet ground in peat and loam. In- crease by dividing the roots in the spring. AQUILEGIA ALPINA (10-20 in.). Blue. CJERULEA (9-12 in.). Blue. GLANDULOSA (9-12 in.). Blue. Plant south in deep gritty loam with a little manure. They want renewing every year or two by seeds, or by dividing in September the root stock. They are beautiful but difficult things. ARABIS ALBIDA (6 in.). White. Plant south in a dry spot and increase by seeds. Cuttings may also be taken. The double-flowered variety is the better. ARABIS AUBRIETIOIDES(6-i2in.). Pink'&white. Plant south in rock crevice in sandy loam. ARENARIA BALEARICA (i in.). White. Plant near a rock and it will soon cover it. It likes shade. GESPITOSA (6-8 in.). White. Plant in a sunny spot in sandy loam. Increase both the above by division. MONTANA (3-6 in.). White. Plant north-west in loam and lime on a slope behind a rock where it can hang over it. Pro- pagate by cuttings or seed. ARMERIA C^ESPITOSA (1-2 in.). Pale lilac. LAUCHEANA (3 in.). Crimson. Plant in half shade. Seed or division. MARITIMA (Common Thrift) (1-2 in.). Pink or white. Plant these south in loam and lime between two rocks. Divide the tufts. ARNEBIA ECHIOIDES (9-12 in.). Yellow with spot. 8 AN ALPINE ABC Plant west in good light loam and grit. In- crease by cuttings. ARNICA MONTANA (i ft.) Yellow. Plant in peat and sand. Propagate by division . ASPERULA HIRTA (6-10 in.). White. Plant south in sand and loam. Propagate by cuttings or seed. ASPHODELUS LUTEUS (2-3 ft.). Yellow. Plant in damp or half shade in loam with a little manure. Divide in early spring. ASTER ALPINUS (6-9 in.). White or rose. Plant in good light loam. Increase by seeds or cuttings in April, and protect from slugs. ASTRANTIA (MAJOR and MINOR) (18 and 6 in.). White or pink. ATRAGENE ALPINA (or Clematis). Blue or white. Plant south-west close to a small shrub that it may climb over, in loam, lime and leaf -mould. Propagate by seed. AUBRIETIA (2f-4 in.). Plant on a slope or between stones in good loam. Propagate by seeds in spring or by cut- tings in summer or by layering or by division in autumn. There are many new and charm- ing colours, e.g., Magician. AURICULA ALPINA (4-6 in.). Yellow. Plant south or south-east in a chink in deep sandy loam. Propagate from seed in autumn. AZALEA BALSAMIFLORA (12 in.). Rose. ROSiEFLORA (12 in.). Rose. Plant in the middle or at the back in loam and leaf -mould. The Kurume Azaleas are very suitable for a rock-garden. BELLIS C^ERULESCENS (1-3 in.). Blue. Plant south, and increase by division, 9 AN ALPINE ABC BELLIUM BELLIOIDES (4-6 in.). White. Plant south or south-west in ordinary soil. Increase by seeds. BERBERIS. There are many new and beautiful species which may be planted at the back. BULBOCODIUM VERNUM '(4-6 in.). Rose-purple. Plant south in sandy loam, and increase by offsets of the bulbs. CALAMINTHA ALPINA (3 in.). Purple. Plant in ordinary soil and use for carpeting. Propagate from seed when ripe. CALINDRINIA UMBELLATA (6 in.). Magenta. Plant south or south-west in sandy soil and grit. Increase from seed. CAMPANULA ALLIONI (3-4 in.). Blue. Plant in the moraine. Rather difficult and likes moisture. C^ESPITOSA (3-4 in.). Blue. CARPATICA (9-12 in.). Blue. CENISIA (5-8 in.). Blue. Plant in the moraine. G. F. WILSON (6 in.). Blue. GARGANICA (3-6 In.). Blue. GARGANICA VILLOSA (3-6 in.). Blue. Plant these in a cleft in the sun. ISOPHYLLA (3-5 in.). Blue. MURALIS (or PORTENSCHLAGIANA) (3-8 in.). Blue. PULLA (3-6 in.). Blue. PUSILLA (3-6 in.). Blue. All easy of growth. RAINERI (3-6 in.). Blue. Plant south in leaf-mould, lime and grit. 10 AN ALPINE ABC CAMPANULA RUPESTRIS. Plant south between stones in loam, sand and lime. STEVENI NANA. WALDSTEINIANA. Plant south in loarn, grit and leaf -mould. Some of the above have white forms. Nearly all the Campanulas can be propagated by cuttings (best way) or division or seed, and they like sandy loam. CARDAMINE TRIPOLI ATA (3-6 in.). White. Plant in damp and half shade in ordinary soil. Propagate from seeds when ripe. CERASTIUM TOMENTOSUM (6 in.). White. Plant on a slope in sand and lime. Propagate by division, cuttings or seeds. CHEIRANTHUS ALLIONI (6 in.). Orange. Plant in full sun in good soil with lime. Pro- pagate from seed when ripe. ALPINUS (6-12 in.). Yellow. LINIFOLIUS (6-8 in.). Purplish blue. MUTABILIS (2 ft.). Cream, changing to purple and other colours. Plant south in loam and lime. Propagate from seed (best way) or by division. CHOISYA TERNATA (3-7 ft.). White. A good shrub for the back. Increase by cuttings. CISTUS FORMOSUS. Yellow. A shrub for the middle distance. Most of the cistuses are good for the back. CLEMATIS ALPINA. See Atragene. CODONOPSIS OVATA (12-18 in.). Plant in front of a stone high up in loam .and sand. Propagate by seeds. ii AN ALPINE ABC COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE (3-4 in.). Lilac. Plant in good dampish sandy soil in a sunny place. Increase by offsets from the corm. CONVOLVULUS CNEORUM (1-2 ft.). Pale rose. Propagate by cuttings from the non-flowering shoots. COROKEA COTONEASTER. Plant at back. A curiously attractive shrub. CORONILLA IBERICA (1-2 in.). Yellow. Plant in loam and lime, and propagate by cuttings or division. COTONEASTER ADPRESSA. A dwarf shrub. CROCUS. There are many charming kinds for the rock- garden. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA NANA. A dwarf shrub for the middle distance. CYANANTHUS LOBATUS (3-4 in.). Purplish blue. Plant south-east in sandy soil, leaf-mould and grit, and cover in winter. Increase by cuttings. A difficult plant and better in the Alpine house. CYCLAMEN COUM (3 in.) Purple. EUROPIUM (5-6 in.). Reddish. Plant in half shade or under trees in loam, lime, leaf-mould and sand. CYPRIPEDIUM CALCEOLUS (12-16 in.). Brown. Plant in half shade in damp fibrous loam, lime and peat. Propagate by division. SPECTABILE (12-18 in.). White and rose. Plant as above. A lovely plant but diffi- cult. CYTISUS SHIPKAENSIS (2 ft.). White. ARDOINI (6 in.). Yellow. Plant these low shrubs at back. AN ALPINE ABC CYTISUS KEWENSIS (12 in.). Pale yellow. Plant behind a rock to hang down. DAPHNE BLAGAYANA (12 in.). White. Plant in half shade in leaf-mould, sand and peat. Surround with stones and peg down the young growths. CNEORUM (12 in.). Rose and pink. Plant south-east on the slope close to a rock, in loam, sand and peat. Increase both these by layering. FIONIANA (2-3 ft.). Pink. A shrub for the back. RUPESTRIS (2-4 in.). Rose. Plant in half shade in peat, lime and white sand close to a rock or between two rocks. Propagate by grafting on mezereum. DELPHINIUM NUDICAULE (ij ft.). Red and yellow. A charming dwarf species. Plant south in good light soil. Propagate from seed in April or by division of the roots in spring or by cuttings. DIANTHUS ALPINUS (3-4 in.). Deep rose. Plant south-east in the moraine in loam, lime, leaf-mould and grit. Top-dress carefully. ARENARIUS (8 in.). White. C^SIUS (6 in.). Pink. DELTOIDES (6 in.). Pink. NEGLECTUS (2-3 in.). Dark rose. PLUMARIUS (3-5 in.). White or rose. Plant all the above south-east in good loam, leaf -mould and grit, or in the moraine. Top- dress well several times a year. Propagate from seed or by division or by cuttings. Most of them (but not Neglectus) like lime. 13 AN ALPINE ABC DODECATHEON (6 in.). Rose or purple. Plant in half shade in a damp spot in loam and leaf -mould. Increase by seed or divi- sion. DONDIA EPIPACTIS (3-6 in.). Yellow. Plant south or south-east in loam and leaf- mould. Propagate by division. DOUGLASIA VITALIANA (1-2 in.). Yellow. Plant south-east in the moraine, or better still, in the Alpine house, with a little lime. In- crease by seed. DRABA AIZOIDES (2-3 in.). Yellow. DEDEANA (2-3 in.). White. OLYMPICA (2-3 in.). White to lilac. Plant south in a chink in loamy soil and lime. Increase by seed or division. DRYAS LANATA (3-4 in.). White. Plant south in a crevice to hang down. This is the best Dryas. OCTOPETALA (3-4 in.). White. Plant south-east or south-west on a slope, where it can hang down, in loam and grit. EDELWEISS. See Gnaphalium. EDRAIANTHUS. See Wahlenbergia. EMPETRUM NIGRUM (12-18 in.). Pink. A dwarf shrub. Plant in peat and loam, and increase by cuttings. EPIMEDIUM (6-12 in.). Various colours. Plant south-east or south-west in sandy soil on the higher part of the rock-garden. In- crease by division. ERICA CARNEA (6 in.). Pale red. Plant on a slope and prune after flowering. There are many hybrids. Increase by cut- tings. AN ALPINE ABC ERIGERON ALPINUS (9-12 in.). Purple. MUCRONATUS (9-12 in.). White and pink. Plant south-east in loam, leaf-mould and grit. Increase by seed or division, ERINUS ALPINUS (5-6 in.). Various colours. Plant south-east or south-west on a slope between rocks in sandy loam. Increase by seed and sow in chinks. The variety Carmineus is good. ERODIUM CORSICUM (9-12 in.). Red. Plant south in light soil. Propagate by division of the roots in spring or from seed when ripe. ERYSIMUM PULCHELLUM (9-12 in.). Yellow. Plant south-east in ordinary soil, and increase by seeds or by division. ERYTHR^EA DIFFUSA (4-6 in.). Rose. Plant in half shade in loam, leaf-mould and sand. Increase by seed or division. ERYTHRONIUM (4-6 in.). (Dog's Tooth Violet.) Various colours. Plant south-east in half shade in loam and leaf- mould. There are many species and most are good. Separate the offsets. EUONYMUS NANUS. A dwarf shrub. FRITILLARIA MELEAGRIS (12-18 in.). Purple on yellow ground. Plant in a damp place in half shade in loam and leaf -mould. Increase by seeds. The other fritillarias are also good. FUCHSIA PUMILA (4-8 in.). Scarlet. Plant south-west or south-east in ordinary soil, and increase by cuttings. 15 AN ALPINE ABC GALAX APHYLLA (3-6 in.). White. Plant in a damp place and in half shade in loam, leaf-mould and peat. Increase by seeds or division. GAULTHERIA NUMMULARIA. White and pink. A trailer. Treat as Galax. GENISTA ARDOINEI (4-6 in.). Yellow. PROSTRATA (4-6 in.). Yellow. Two dwarf brooms for the back or middle. Increase by seeds. GENTIANA ACAULIS (2-4 in.). Blue. Plant south in loam and lime or in good garden soil enriched with a little manure. It will do well in the moraine. Increase by seed or division. ASCLEPIADEA (6-18 in.). Blue. Plant south-west on a slope in half shade. Increase by seed or division. FARRERI (3 in.). Light blue. Plant south-east in peat and leaf-mould. Increase by cuttings. LUTEA (3-5 ft.). Yellow. Plant at the back, and increase by dividing the roots. PNEUMONANTHE (8-10 in.). Blue. Plant in damp peat, and raise from seed. SEPTEMFIDA (6-18 in.). Blue. Plant in half shade in loam and peat. Increase by division or seeds. There is a trailing form Lagodichiana good and easy. SINO-ORNATA (3 in.). Blue. Treat as Farreri. A good plant. VERNA (1-3 in.). Blue. Plant south or south-east in the moraine in peat, loam and sand. Top-dress well and firmly and keep damp. It likes a little lime. 16 AN ALPINE ABC Increase from seed, which should be sown when ripe. The form angulosa is good and easy. GERANIUM ARGENTEUM (4-6 in.). Pale rose. CINEREUM (4-6 in.). Red. Plant between rocks in loam and lime, and enrich with a little manure. Increase by seeds or division. GEUM REPTANS (2-4 in.). Yellow. Plant south-east on a slope in ordinary soil or in the moraine. Increase by runners or by seeds. ROSSI (3-6 in.). Yellow. Plant in half shade or in the moraine. In- crease by division or by seeds. GLOBULARIA NAN A (1-2 in.). Blue. Plant south near and behind a rock in sandy soil and grit. Increase by seeds or divi- sion. GNAPHALIUM LEONTOPODIUM (3-6 in.). Yel- low. Plant south in loam and lime, and protect from cold winds in May. Increase by seeds. GUNNERA DENTATA (2-3 ft.). A dwarf kind for a shady place. Increase by detaching the root-shoots. GYPSOPHILA CERASTIOIDES (5-12 in.). White. REPENS (3-6 in.). White or rose. Plant south in sandy soil and grit with a little lime. Increase from seed. HABERLEA RHODOPENSIS (4-6 in.). Plant, like Ramondias, in shade between rocks on north or north-west on the face of a bank in loam and peat. Use no lime. Increase from seed. 17 AN ALPINE ABC HELIANTHEMUM (3-8 in.). Various colours. Plant south or south-east on a slope in sandy soil and lime. Raise from seed or (more easily) from cuttings. The best are Sudbury Gem, Venustum plenum, Terracotta, Carneum. HELICHRYSUM ARENARIUM (3-4 in.). Yellow. Plant south in sandy loam (no lime), and increase by division. BELLIOIDES (3-4 in.). White. HELXINE SOLIERII. A creeping mossy plant like Arenaria Balearica. HEPATICA ANGULOSA (6-12 in.). Light blue. Plant in half shade in rich porous soil. Pro- pagate by root-division in spring or from seed when ripe. TRILOBA (4-6 in.). Blue. HEUCHERA (9-15 in.). Various colours. Plant south or south-east in good soil. The best are Sanguinea, Brizoides, Lady Greenall and Walker's. Tiarellaoides is also good. Propagate from seed when ripe or by separat- ing the crowns in the autumn. HORMINUM PYRENAICUM (6-12 in.). Bluish purple. Plant between stones in good soil. Propagate by division in spring or from seed. HOUSTONIA C^RULEA (and ALBA) (2-3 in.). Blue. Plant in leaf-mould and loam, and protect from the rain in the winter. Seed should be sown every year, as it soon dies out. HUTCHINSIA ALPINA (2-4 in.). White. Plant south or south-west between rocks in loam and lime. Raise from seed. HYPERICUM CORIS (12 in.). Yellow. FRAGILE (12-15 in.). Yellow. 18 AN ALPINE ABC HYPERICUM GRACILE (12-15 in.). Yellow. OLYMPICUM (12-18 in.). Yellow. POLYPHYLLUM (12-18 in.). Yellow. Plant all these behind a rock, so that they may hang down, in sand, loam and grit. They may be cut back after flowering. Increase by cuttings. REPTANS (1-2 in.). Yellow. Treat as above, but do not cut back too much. IBERIS CORRE^EFOLIA (3-4 in.). White. GIBRALTICA (4-5 in.). White. SAXATILIS (3-6 in.). White. SEMPER VIRENS (4 in.). White. Plant on a slope behind a rock in sandy soil. Increase by seeds or root-cuttings. INCARVILLEA DELAVAYI (ij ft.). Rose. Plant south in good loam and leaf-mould. Increase by seeds. IONIPSIDIUM (2 in.). Lilac. A charming annual. Sow in half shade at intervals of 2-3 weeks through the spring and summer. It looks well in the Alpine house. IRIS CRISTATA (4-6 in.). Blue. GRACILIPES (4 in.). Blue. - HISTRIOIDES (6 in.). Blue. LACUSTRIS (4 in.). Blue. PUMILA (4-5 in.). Violet-purple. RETICULATA (12 in.). Violet. Plant these in half shade in loam and peat, and propagate by seeds or division, Histrioides and Reticulata are bulbous. JASIONE PERENNIS (i ft.). Blue. Plant south in sandy loam, and protect from rain in winter. Increase by seeds or by division of roots. 19 AN ALPINE ABC JUNIPERUS HIBERNICA NANA (6-18 in.). A charming dwarf shrub. PROSTRATA. TAMARISCIFOLIA. Good dwarf shrubs for the back. LEONTOPODIUM. See Gnaphalium. LEWISIA REDIVIVA (1-3 in.). Pink. Plant south in a crevice and keep damp. Increase by seeds or division of the roots. LIBERTIA IXIOIDES (12-18 in.). White. Plant south or south-east in loam and sand. Increase by dividing the tufts. LINARIA ALPINA (6 in.). Bluish. Plant south or south-east on a slope and between rocks. Cut back after flowering, and increase by seed. Rosea is a good form. LINJUEA BOREALIS (i-xj in.). Reddish. Plant behind a rock in the shade and in damp soil in peat and loam, and increase by divi- sion. LINUM ALPINUM (6 in.). Blue. Plant south or south-east in sand and loam. Cut back after flowering. ARBOREUM (12 in.). Yellow. FLAVUM (12 in.). Yellow. Plant south-east or south-west in loam and lime grit, and take cuttings. NARBONENSE (12-18 in.). Blue or white. PERENNE (12-18 in.). Blue or white. Plant south in ordinary soil with a little lime. Propagate from seed. Cut back after flowering. LITHOSPERMUM GRAMINIFOLIUM (6-12 in.). Deep blue. Plant south-east in loam and lime. Increase by seeds or division. 20 AN ALPINE ABC LITHOSPERMUM INTERMEDIUM (3-6 in.). Blue. As above. PROSTRATUM (1^-3 in.). Light blue. Plant on the slope and sheltered from the wind in loam, peat, leaf-mould and grit. It dis- likes lime. There is also a lighter blue form, called Heavenly Blue. Increase by cut- tings. ROSMARINIFOLIUM (5-7 in.). Blue. A rather delicate form for the Alpine house. The seeds of Lithospermum germinate best in heat. LYCHNIS LAGASC^E (3 in.). Rose. Plant in sandy, soil and in half shade. In- crease by seeds. PYRENAICA (3-4 in.). Pale rose. Plant south in a niche in lime and loam between limestones. Increase from seeds. VISCARIA (12-14 in.). Various colours. Increase by seeds or division of the tufts. MAIANTHEMUM BIFOLIUM (or CONVALLARIA) (4-8 in.). White. Plant in half shade in sandy loam. Increase by dividing the root-stocks. MALVASTRUM MUNROANUM (6-8 in.). Scarlet. Plant south on a slope in moderate soil. Take cuttings each year. MAZUS PUMILIO (i-i| in.). Violet. RUGOSUS (1-2 in.). Violet. Plant south-east or south-west on a slope in loam and grit. Increase by seed or by division of the tufts. MECONOPSIS INTEGRIFOLIA (12-18 in.). Yellow. 21 AN ALPINE ABC MECONOPSIS WALLICHII (3-5 ft.). Blue. Plant both these poppies in half shade and in a damp place in loam, peat and grit. Shelter from the east wind, and water in the sum- mer. Seed should be sown every year. Integrifolia does best in the Alpine house. MENTHA REQUIENII (2-4 in.). Purple. Plant south in good soil and use as a carpet. Propagate by dividing the shoots. If difficult, try in a pot in the Alpine house. MERTENSIA SIBIRICA (6-8 in.). Purple-blue. VIRGINICA (6-8 in.). Purple-blue. Plant south-east in half shade in loam, leaf- mould and sand in a dampish place. Increase by division. MORISIA HYPOG^EA (2-3 in.). Yellow. Plant south in a well-drained place in leaf- mould and loam. Top-dress well in autumn. It does better in the Alpine house. Increase by seed or division. MUHLENBECKIA NANA (1-3 in.). Pinkish. Plant in sandy loam for covering a rock. Propagate by cuttings. MYOSOTIS RUPICOLA (2-3 in.). Bright blue. Plant south in loam, lime and grit, or in the moraine wedged between large stones pre- ferably limestones. Protect from winter rains. Sow frequently. RUTH FISCHER (3-4 in.). Blue. Plant south or south-east in loam and lime. Increase by seed. NARCISSUS CYCLAMINEUS (6-8 in.). Lemon. TRIANDRUS ALBUS (6-7 in.). Pale yellow or white. 22 AN ALPINE ABC Plant both these south in loam, and increase by seed or by separation. NEPETA MUSSINI (12-18 in.). Pale blue. Plant in ordinary soil, but not in a choice place. Increase by division. NERTERA DEPRESS A (6-12 in.). Green. Plant north in light loam and leaf -mould, and water well in summer. Propagate by dividing the tufts or from seed. An interesting little plant, but best in the Alpine house. NIEREMBERGIA FRUTESCENS. (12-18 in.). Blue and white. Plant south in loam. Cut back in April, and increase by seed. RIVULARIS (1-3 in.). White. Plant south in good sandy loam and top-dress well. It does best in a dampish place. (ENOTHERA MACROCARPA (12-18 in.). Yellow. Plant south-east at the back of a rock in loam and lime. Increase by seed or by cuttings. OLEARIA GUNNI (1^-3 ft). White. An attractive shrub for the back. It should be cut back after flowering. OMPHALODES LUCILLE (4-6 in.). Lilac-blue. Plant south in sandy soil. Increase by seeds or division. Protect from rain in the winter. VERNA (i J-2 in.). Blue. Plant high between stones where it may have its way. Increase by cuttings. ONONIS ROTUNDIFOLIA (i-i J ft.). Rose. A shrubby plant for the middle distance. ONOSMA TAURICUM (6-12 in.). Yellow. Plant south behind a rock in loam and lime. Protect from winter rain, and propagate by layering like carnations, or by seed. 3 23 AN ALPINE ABC ORCHIS FOLIOSA (ij-2j ft.). Purple. Plant in half shade in loam and lime. Increase by seeds. OURISIA COCCINEA (6-12 in.). Scarlet. Plant in half shade between stones in loam, peat and lime. Increase by seeds or division. OXALIS ADENOPHYLLA (3-4 in.). Pink. A lovely form. Treat as Enneaphylla. ENNEAPHYLLA (also E. ROSEA) (3-4 in.). White. Plant south or south-east in loam, leaf-mould, and grit. Increase by division of bulbs. A beautiful little plant. FLORIBUNDA (9-12 in.). Rose. Plant on a slope between stones with plenty of room. Take offsets. LOBATA (3-5 in.). Yellow. As Enneaphylla, but perhaps best in the Alpine house. PAPAVER ALPINUM (2-4 in.). Various colours. Plant or sow in sandy loam. There should be masses of these. PARNASSIA (1-3 in.). White. Plant in half shade in a damp place in loam and leaf-mould. It wants constant renewing by division or seed. PELARGONIUM ENDLICHERIANUM (1-2 ft.). Rose. Plant south in sandy loam, and propagate by cuttings. PENSTEMON C^ERULEUS (10-15 in.). Lavender. GLABER ROSEUS (6-20 in.). Rose. HETEROPHYLLUS (18 in.). Pink or rose. MENZIESI (12 in.). Purple. PUBESCENS (1-2 ft). Bluish-violet 24 AN ALPINE ABC PENSTEMON SCOULERI (1-2 ft.). Plant these south in loam, leaf -mould and grit. Cut away old foliage in spring. Increase by seeds or cuttings. PHILESIA BUXIFOLIA (2-3 ft.). Rose. A small shrub. Plant in half shade in a moder- ately damp place in peat, loam and sand. If it grows freely, peg down the shoots. PHLOMIS FRUTICOSA (2 ft.). Yellow. An effective plant for the back. Increase by cuttings or seeds. PHLOX AMCENA (6-15 in.). Pink. DIVARICATA (or Canadensis) (9-16 in.). Lilac. DOUGLASII (6-12 in.). OVATA (12 in.). Reddish. STELLARIA (18 in.). Soft blue. SUBULATA (6-12 in.). Pink or white. The Bride. White with pink eye. Daisy Hill. Rose and red centre. G. F. Wilson. Mauve. Nelsoni. White. Nivalis. White. Vivid. Rose and red centre. Nearly all the phloxes should be planted in sand and loam on a slope where they may hang down over stones. Cut back when they get too lank. Increase by cuttings or from seed. PICEA PUMILA (1-2 i ft.). A dwarf shrub. PINGUICULA GRANDIFLORA (3-6 in.). Violet. REUTERI (3-5 in.). Pink and white. Plant in half shade in a moist spot in rich loam. They are difficult to grow. Propagate by dividing the crowns in spring or from seed. 35 AN ALPINE ABC PLUMBAGO LARPENT/E (1-2 ft.) Blue or violet. Plant full south in sandy loam, and propagate by division in spring or from seed or from cuttings. PODOPHYLLUM EMODI (6-12 in.). White. Plant in half shade in good soil. Increase by seed or by division of the roots. POLEMONIUM HUMILE (6 in.). Blue. Plant south-west in loam, leaf-mould and sand. Divide every other year. POLYGALA CHAWLEBUXUS (also PURPUREA) (6 in.). Creamy yellow. Plant south-east on a slope in loam, peat and sand. Increase by seeds or cuttings. POLYGONUM AFFINE (6-8 In.). Rose. VACCINEFOLIUM (9-12 in.). Pink. Plant high up on a slope. Divide the roots. POTENTILLA CLUSIANA (2-3 in.). White. Plant as Pyrenaica. FRUTICOSA (I ft.). Yellow. Plant south or south-east in good soil. It likes moisture. Propagate by cuttings in spring or from seeds. NITIDA (3-6 in.). White or pink. PYRENAICA (6-15 in.). Yellow. Plant these south in loam, leaf -mould and grit, or in the moraine. Top-dress carefully. In- crease by division of the root-stocks. PRATIA ANGULATA (i in.). White. Plant south or south-east on a slope in light soil. Increase by division of the tufts or by seeds. PRIMULA AURICULA MARGINATA (2-3 in.). Yellow. Plant on a slope in loam and clay wedged between stones. 26 AN ALPINE ABC PRIMULA BEESIANA (3-6 in.). Purple. BULLEYANA (3-6 in.). Orange. CAPITATA (6-9 in.). Violet-purple. CLUSIANA (6-9 in.). Rose. COCKBURNIANA (6-9 in.). Dark red. DENTICULATA (8-12 in.). Lilac. There is also a white form Alba. FARINOSA (3-10 in.). Lilac. FRONDOSA (3-8 in.). Lilac. GLAUCESCENS (3-8 in.). Magenta-rose. Plant among stones. GLUTINOSA (4 in.). Bluish-purple. HELODOXA (2J-4 ft.). Yellow. A fine thing, and must be in damp place. INTERMEDIA (6 in.). INVOLUCRATA (8-12 in.). White. No lime. IPSWICH HYBRID (8-12 in.). Orange or scarlet. JAPONICA (18-20 in.). Crimson. JULIiE (3-5 in.). Reddish purple. LISSADELL (8-10 in.). Red. LITTONIANA (14-18 in.). Lilac or purple. PULVERULENTA (18-20 in.). Rich dark crimson. ROSEA (2-3 in.). Rose. SIKKIMENSIS (iJ-2 ft). Yellow. Plant above three in half shade in a boggy place in loam, leaf-mould and grit. SPECTABILIS (10-12 in.). Rose. VEITCHII (10-15 in.). Rose. Plant in half shade in loam. WINTERI (8-12 in.). Mauve. All primulas like damp, and many do well in the moraine. Some, like Juliae, Helodoxa, Sikkimensis, Japonica, Pulverulenta, Rosea and 27 AN ALPINE ABC Involucrata, are happy in a boggy place. Nearly all the above should be planted in half shade in loam and grit and (except Involu- crata) with a little lime. Increase by seeds or by division of the tufts. PROPHET'S FLOWER. See Arnebia. PRUNELLA GRANDIFLORA (6 in.). Violet. Plant in half shade in ordinary soil. Propa- gate by division in autumn. PULMONARIA RUBRA (12-18 in.). Red. Plant south-west on a slope in leaf -mould and loam. Increase by division. PYROLA ROTUNDIFOLIA (6 in.). White. Plant in the shade in loam, leaf-mould and peat. Increase by seeds. RAMONDIA NATHALIE (3-7 in.). Lilac. Treat as below, but add no lime. PYRENAICA (4-8 in.). Lilac. Plant north between stones on a sloping bank in peat, loam and lime. The plants should be pressed vertically against the soil, and watered in hot weather. Increase by seeds (a slow pro- cess) or by dividing the tufts. There is a white form. RANUNCULUS AMPLEXICAULIS * (3-10 in.). White. GRAMINEUS (6-10 in.). Yellow. PARNASSIFOLIUS (3-6 in.). White. Plant these in half shade in a damp place in loam and leaf-mould. Increase by division, off-sets or seeds. RETINOSPERA NANA (i-2j ft.). A dwarf shrub. 28 AN ALPINE ABC RHODODENDRON CHAM^CISTUS (12-18 in.). Rose. Plant in half shade in peat and sand. Among Alpine rhododendrons the best are : Ferrugin- cum, Hirsutum, Praecox, Ciliatum, Racemosum. RIBES PUMILUM (12-15 in.). A dwarf shrub. Propagate by cuttings in autumn. ROSA ALPINA (6-18 in.). POLYANTHA NANA (10-24 In.). Plant in full sun. ROSMARINUS PROSTRATUS (4-6 in.). Blue. Plant on a slope. Propagate by cuttings. RUBUS ARCTICUS (6 in.). Rose. Plant south in sandy loam. Increase by suckers or division. SANTOLINA SQUARROSA (12-18 in.). Yellow. Plant in a mass on a slope in ordinary soil. Propagate by division or by cuttings. SAPONARIA CJESPITOSA (3-6 in.). Rose. OCYMOIDES SPLENDENS (6-12 in.). Deep rose. Plant these south between stones in loam and grit. Increase by seeds in September. Cses- pitosa is a compact plant ; ocymoides is a trailer. SAXIFRAGA * : (I) Encrusted. (II) Mossy. (Ill) Cushion. 1 This genus contains over 150 species, and in a small book it is impossible to describe the various sections in which the best Saxifrages are placed. The three divisions given here are therefore approximately and not scientifically correct. 29 AN ALPINE ABC I. ENCRUSTED (Resetted). SAXIFRAGAAIZOONBALCANA (5-10 in.). Pink- spotted. LUTEA (8-12 in.). Yellow. PECTINATA (5-10 in.). White. ROSE A (4-8 in.). Rose. ROSULARIS (9-12 in.). Rose. CARINTHIACA. (4-6 in.). White. COCHLEARIS (i-i j ft.). White. COTYLEDON PYRAMIDALIS (1-2 ft.). White. CRIESBACHII (4-5 in.). Scarlet. HOSTII (12 in.). White. LINGULATA LANTOSCANA (12-18 in.). White. LONGIFOLIA (1-2 ft.). White. MACNABIANA (4-7 in.). White, speckled rose. All these require similar treatment. They should be planted south or south-east on a slight slope in limestone grit and loam tightly wedged between stones (limestones for choice). Increase by division. II. MOSSY. SAXIFRAGA BATHONIENSIS (5-6 in.). Red. GRANULATA (6-12 in.). White. GUILDFORD SEEDLING (2-4 in.). Rose. [ OPPOSITIFOLIA (6-8 in.). Rose.p [Place north. Splendeus is the best variety.] RHEI SUPERBA (2-5 in.). Rose. STANSFIELDII (3-8 in.). White. WALLACEI (3-8 in.). White. These should be planted in half shade south- west or south-east in loam, sand and grit. They usually decay in the centre, and when this Perhaps hardly belongs to this section. 30 AN ALPINE ABC begins take up the whole plant and replant the sound portions in another part of the rock- garden. Increase by seed or by division. III. CUSHION (Kabschia). SAXIFRAGA APICULATA (and ALBA) (3-6 in.). Primrose. BOYDII (3-5 in.). Primrose. BURSERIANA (2-3 in.). White. FALDONSIDE (4-6 in.). Yellow. LILACINA (2-4 in.). Lilac. PAULINA (3-6 in.). Yellow. SALOMONI (3-5 in.). White. SANCTA (2-3 in.). Yellow. These should be planted in half shade between stones in loam and lime grit. They should be protected from excessive winter rains, but should be kept moist in summer. Increase by division or from seeds. SCABIOSA CAUCASICA (1-3 ft.). Blue. PARNASSIFOLIA (1-2 ft.). Plant south or south-east in sandy loam. Increase from seeds. SCHIZOCODON SOLDANELLIOIDES (2-3 in.). Rose. A lovely but difficult plant which should be grown in peat and sand in the sun and sheltered from the wind. Divide the tufts. It should be grown in a cold or Alpine house. SCHIZOSTYLIS COCCINEA (i|-2i ft.). Scarlet. Plant south in loam, leaf-mould and grit against a rock. Increase by division. SEDUM ANGLICUM. Whitish. C^ERULEUM. Blue. Plant south. This is an annual. AN ALPINE ABC SEDUM CORSICUM. White. KAMSCHATICUM. Yellow. PILOSUM. Salmon-rose. Practically an annual. PULCHELLUM. Rose. REFLEXUM. Yellow. SEMPERVIVUM. Scarlet. SIEBOLDI. Pink. SPATHULIFOLIUM PURPUREUM. Yellow. TENELLUM. White. These are all low-growing, and should be planted south in loam and grit. They do well in rock crevices. Increase by seeds, cuttings or division. SEMPERVIVUM ARACHNOIDEUM (3-4 in.). Red. Plant on the rock in moist clay. Increase by seed or division. SHORTIA GALACIFOLIA (2-3 in.). White. UNIFLORA GRANDIFLORA (xJ-2 in.). White to rose. Plant in half shade in good sandy loam and leaf-mould. Increase by seed or division. SILENE ACAULIS (2-3 in.). Pink. ALBA. This is better than the type. ALPESTRIS (6 in.). White. PUMILIO (2-3 in.). Rose. SCHAFTA (6 in.). Purple. Plant these south, tightly packed between stones in loam, sand and leaf -mould. In- crease by seeds, cuttings or division. SOLDANELLA ALPINA (2-4 in.). Violet. MONTANA (2-4 in.). Violet. Better than above. Plant in half shade in a dampish place in loam and grit. Top-dress well two or three times a year. Increase by seed or division. 32 AN ALPINE ABC SPIRAEA DECUMBENS (1-3 ft). SIMPLICIFOLIA (1-3 ft). Two charming dwarf shrubs. STACHYS CORSICA (1-2 in.). Violet. Plant in ordinary soil, and propagate by divid- ing the crowns in autumn. STATICE LATIFOLIA (12 in.). Blue. Plant in ordinary soil, 'and propagate by division or root-cuttings or seed in the spring. SYNTHIRIS RENIFORMIS (3-6 in.). Violet-blue. Plant in half shade in loam, peat and a little lime. Increase by seed or division. THALICTRUM ANEMONOIDES (6-12 in.). White. Plant in deep moist sand and peat in half shade. Propagate from seed. THUJA NANA (15-24 in.). A dwarf shrub. THYMUS AZORICUS (3-4 in.). Rose or purple. Plant south in ordinary soil. Cut back when too strong. Increase by division or cut- tings. SERPYLLUS COCCINEUS (ij-2j in.). Rose. TIARELLA CORDIFOLIA (4-7 in.). White. Plant south-west in ordinary soil. Propagate by dividing the roots. TRILLIUM GRANDIFLORUM (12-18 in.). White. RUBRUM (8-15 in.). Red. Plant in half shade in a damp place in loam and leaf -mould. Divide the root-stocks. TRITOMA RUFA (12-18 in.). Plant in good loam, and propagate by division of the roots or from the suckers in spring or from seed. 33 AN ALPINE ABC TROLLIUS ASIATICUS (12-18 in.). Dark yellow. ORANGE GLOBE (12-18 in.). Yellow. PUMILUS (6-12 in.). Yellow. Plant in moist or boggy soil, and propagate by division in autumn. TROP^EOLUM POLYPHYLLUM (1-2 ft.). Yellow. This is a trailer. Plant in loam and sand. Increase from the young bulbs. TULIPA PULCHELLA (3-8 in.). Lilac. Plant south in sandy loam. Increase by off- sets or seeds. TUNICA SAXIFRAGA (2-3 in.). Rose. Plant south or south-east in ordinary soil. Increase by division. UVULARIA GRANDIFLORA (1-2 ft.). Yellow. Plant in half shade in sand and peat. Increase by dividing the roots or by seed. VANCOUVERIA HEXANDRA (12-18 in.). Light rose. Plant in half shade in loam and peat. In- crease by division or by seeds. VERBENA VENOSA (12-18 in.). Blue-violet. Plant south or south-east in good soil, and pro- pagate by cuttings in spring. VERONICA BIDWILLI (3-6 in.). Lilac. Plant south between stones in loam. PECTINATA (8-12 in.). Rose. REPENS (8-12 in.). Blue. SALICORNOIDES. (3-6 in.). Gold foliage. SAXATILIS (6-8 in.). Blue. Plant these south or south-east in sandy loam, and top-dress well in the autumn with the same. The creeping kinds will then root freely and widely. Increase by cuttings or division. 34 AN ALPINE ABC VIOLA CALCARATA (3-4 in.). Blue or white. CORNUTA (3-4 in.). Pale blue. PAPILIO (3-4 in.). Pale violet. GRACILIS (3-4 in.). Purple. These Violas should be planted south in poor sandy loam. PEDATA (i 1-2 in.). Blue. This wants careful treatment, and is often only an annual. Plant in loam and leaf-mould in damp soil. Increase all Violas by seeds or cuttings. WAHLENBERGIA (EDRAIANTHUS) DALMA- TICA (2-3 in.). Blue. PUMILIO (2-3 in.). Lilac. SERPYLLIFOLIA (2 in.). Blue. Plant these south or south-east between rocks in loam, grit and sand. They will also do well in the moraine. Increase by seed, YUCCA GLORIOSA (4-5 ft.). White. A fine plant for the back, which should be planted in good loam with no lime. Propagate by dividing the tufts at the base in spring or by detaching the buds which are made under- ground. ZAUSCHNERIA CALIFORNIA (12 in.). Scarlet. Plant full south in sandy loam. Increase by seeds or division of roots. 35 YA GDI bo